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LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 


0 0 0 1 5 1 fi S b t. 












1 




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b ( 










AMERICAN DICTIONARY 


OF THE 


^ V 




ENGLISH LANGUAGE: 

, ' ' . T - r -H n >•■ ^ 


EXHIBITING THE . 


ORIGIN, ORTHOGRAPHY, PRONUNCIATION, AND 

DEFINITIONS OF WORDS: 




BY NOAH WEBSTER, LL. D. 


• s 


ABRIDGED FROM THE QUARTO EDITION OF THE AUTHOR 


TO WHICH ARE ADDED, A 


SYNOPSIS OF WORDS 


DIFFERENTLY PRONOUNCED BY DIFFERENT ORTHOEPISTS; 



AND 

WALKER’S KEY 

TO THE 


/ . 



CLASSICAL PRONUNCIATION OF GREEK, LATIN, AND 

SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 


THXB.1> EnXTZOXr. 


j o 0 


NEW YORK : 


PUBLISHED BY S, CONVERSE. 


STEREOTYPED AT THE BOSTON TYPE AND STEREOTYPE FOVNDRT. 


DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT, S5. 

Be it remembered, That on the tenth day of July, in the fifty-fourth year of the Independence of 
the United States of America, Noah Webster and Joseph E. Worcester, of the said district, have 
deposited in this office the title of a book, the right whereof they claim as proprietors, in the words 
following, to wit : — 

“ An American Dictionary of the English Language; exhibiting the Origin, Orthography, Pronun- 
ciation, and Definitions of Words : by Noah Webster, LL. D : abridged from the Quarto Edition of 
the Author: to which are added, a Synopsis of Words differently pronounced by different Ortho^ipists ; 
and Walker’s Key to the Classical Pronunciation of Greek, Latin, and Scripture Proper Names.” 

In conformity to the act of the Congress of theUnited States, entitled, “ An Act for the encouragement 
of learning by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such 
copies, during the times therein mentioned and also to the act, entitled, “ An Act supplementary to 
an act, entitled, ‘An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, 
and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned;’ and 
extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other 
prints.” CHAS. A. INGERSOLL, 

Clerk of the District of Connecticut. 


DISTRICT OF MASSACHUSETTS, to ivit : 

District Clerk^s Office. 

Be it remembered. That on the thirteenth day of July, A. D. 1S29, in the fifty -fourth year of the 
Independence of the United States of America, Noah VVebster and Joseph E. Worcester, of the 
said district, have deposited in this office the title of a book, the right whereof they claim as proprie- 
tors, in the words following, to loit : — 

“ An American Dictionary of the English Language; exhibiting the Origin, Orthography, Pronun- 
ciation, and Definitions of Words: by Noah Webster, LL. D.: abridged from the Quarto Edition of 
the Author: to which are added, a Synopsis of Words differently pronounced by different Orthoepists ; 
and Walker’s Key to the Classical Pronunciation of Greek, Latin, and Scripture Proper Names.” 

In conformity to the act of theCongress of the United States, entitled, “ An Act for the encouragement 
of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, and books, to the authors and proprietors of such 
copies, during the times therein mentioned ;” and also to an act, entitled, “ An Act supplementary to 
an act, entitled, ‘ An Act for the encouragement of learning, by securing the copies of maps, charts, 
and books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned ;’ and 
extending the benefits thereof to the arts of designing, engraving, and etching historical and other 
prints.” JNO. W. DAVIS, 

Clerk of the District of Massachusetts. 


PREFACE. 


The author of the American Dictionary of the English Language has been 
prevented, by the state of his health, from attending, in person, to its abridgment 
into the octavo form. The work has, therefore, been committed, for this purpose, 
to Mr. J. E. Worcester, of Cambridge, JMassachusetts, who has strictly adhered 
to the general principles laid down for his direction by the author. Cases of doubt, 
arising in the application of these principles, and such changes and modifications 
of the original as seemed desirable, in a work of this kind, intended for general 
use, have been referred, for decision, to Prof. Goodrich, of Yale College, who 
was requested by the author to act, on these subjects, as his representative. 
The Synopsis of words of disputed pronunciation has been prepared by the former 
of these gentlemen ; Walker’s ‘‘ Key to the Classical Pronunciation of Greek, Latin 
and Scripture Proper Names” has passed under the revision of tlie latter. 

The following are some of the most important principles on which the Abridg- 
ment has been conducted. 

The vocabulary has been considerably enlarged. It here embraces all the words 
contained in the original work, and in Todd’s edition of Johnson’s Dictionary, to- 
gether with such additional ones as have appeared to the author to be worthy of 
insertion. 

t The leading and most important etymologies, as given in the quarto edition, are 
here retained. 

The definitions remain unaltered, except by an occasional compression in their 
statement. All the significations of words, as exhibited in the larger work, are 
here retained ; and new ones have, in some instances, been added by the author’s 
direction, as deficiencies, in this respect, have been discovered. The illustrations 
and authorities are generally omitted : In doubtful or contested cases, however, 

they are carefully retained. 

In cases of disputed orthography, the principle, adopted in the quarto edition, of 
introducing into the vocabulary the different forms in question, has been carried, in 
the Abridgment, to a considerably greater extent. In most instances of this kind, 
the old orthography takes the lead, and is immediately followed by the one pro- 
posed. The u and k, however, are entirely excluded from such words as honor 
and music, in accordance with the decided tendency of later usage, both in this 
country and in England. In derivative words, the final consonant of the primitive 
is doubled only when under the accent, in conformity with one of the best establish 
principles of the language. On this subject, Walker observes, in his Rhyming Dic- 
tionary, “ Dr. Lowth has justly remarked, that this error (that of doubling the final 
consonant when not under the accent) frequently takes place in the words worship’- 
ping, counselling, etc., which, having the accent on the first syllable, ought to be 
written worshiping, counseling, etc. An ignorance of this rule has led many to 
write bigotted for bigoted, and from this spelling has arisen a false pronunciation ; 
but no letter seems to be more frequently doubled improperly than /. Why we 
should write libelling, revelling, and yet offering, suffering, reasoning, I am at a loss 
to determine ; and unless I can give a better plea than any other letter in the alpha- 
bet for being doubled in this situation, I must, in the style of Lucian, in his trial of 
the letter t, declare for an expulsion.” In this expulsion, it is believed, the public 
will finally concur, when they reflect, that this violation of analogy takes place in 


IV 


PREFACE. 


the derivatives of comparatively few words, in opposition to multitudes of instances 
in which the general rule prevails. 

As a guide to pronunciation ^ the words have been carefully divided into syllables. 
This, in the great majority of instances, decides at once the regular sound of the' 
vowels in the respective syllables ; and wherever the vowels depart from this regu- 
lar sound, a pointed letter is used, denoting the sound which they receive in such 
cases. When under the accent, the regular long sound of the vowels is also indi- 
cated by a pointed letter. Thus, by means of pointed letters, the necessity of re- 
spelling the words, as a guide to pronunciation, is chiefly obviated. In cases of 
disputed pronunciation, the different forms are frequently given. But the Synopsis 
of Mr. Worcester exhibits these diversities much more fully, and gives, in one 
view, the decisions of the most approved Pronouncing Dictionaries respecting about 
eight hundred primitive words, which, of course, decide the pronunciation of a great 
number of derivatives. Those who are interested in such inquiries are thus pre- 
sented, at a single glance, with nearly all ihe Important points of difference in 
English orthoepy, and are enabled to decide for themselves, without the expense 
or trouble of examining the several authorities. 

In some instances, vowels have a fluctuating or intermediate sound ; and hence 
there is a great diversity among orthoepists in their manner of indicating the sound 
in question. Thus the sound of a, in monosyllables, in ass^ ast, ask^ ance^ ant, etc., 
is marked by some with the short sound of a in fat, and by others with its Italian 
sound, as in father. In this work, the latter is given as the prevailing sound both in 
this country and in England. Mitford, indeed, observes, in his work on Har- 
mony in Language, “ No English voice fails to express, no English ear to perceive, 
the difference between the sound of a in passing and passive ; no colloquial familiar- 
ity or hurry can substitute the one sound for the other.” The true sound, how- 
ever, is not so long as that of a in father, but corresponds more exactly to the final a 
in umbrella. Being thus short, it is often mistaken for the sound of a infat. There is 
another intermediate sound of a, between its ordinary sound in fall on the one hand, 
and in what on the other. This is heard in such words as salt, malt, etc. As this 
sound seems to incline, in most cases, towards the short rather than the long sound 
in question, it is here marked with the sound of a in what, though in many cases it 
is somewhat more protracted. The sound of o, in such words as lost, loft, toss, etc., 
is not so short as in lot ; but, like the o in nor, though slightly protracted, it should 
by no means be prolonged into the full sound of a in tall. In monosyllables ending 
in are, as hare, fare, the a is slightly modified by the subsequent r. Such words 
ought not to be pronounced as if spelled hay-er, fay-er, but hair, fair. Perry alone, 
of all the English orthoepists, has introduced a distinct character to indicate this 
sound ; but it is well ascertained that Walker and others coincided with Perry in 
their pronunciation, in accordance with the general pronunciation of England in this 
respect. These remarks apply likewise to the words parent, apparent, transparent, 
etc. In respect to accent, there are many words in which the primary and secon- 
dary accent are nearly equal in force ; such as complaisant, caravan, etc. In such 
cases, the accent is here thrown towards the beginning of the word, in accordance 
with the general tendency of our language. 

In laying this work before the public in its present form, no efforts^ have been 
spared to make it a complete defining and pronouncing dictionary for general use. 
About sixteen thousand words, and between thirty and forty thousand definitions are 
contained in this dictionary, which are not to be found in any similar work within 
the author’s knowledge. These additions do not principally consist of obsolete 
terms, or uncommon and unimportant significations of words. In most cases, on the 
contrary, they are terms and significations which are in constant use in the various 
departments of science and the arts, in commerce, manufactures, merchandise, the 
liberal professions, and the ordinary concerns of life. They mark the progress 
which the English language has made during the seventy years which have elapsed 


PREFACE. V 

since the publication of Dr. Johnson’s Dictionary. Within that period, a complete 
revolution has taken place in almost every branch of physical science. New de- 
partments have been created, new principles developed, new modes of classification 
and description adopted. More rigid principles of definition have been gradually 
introduced into almost every department of human knowledge. In these respects, 
however, our dictionaries have remained almost stationary. The labors of our lexi- 
cographers, since the time of Johnson, have been chiefly confined to the introduc- 
tion of new words into the vocabulary. In the work of which this is an abridgment, 
the words have all been defined anew. The explanations given are adapted to the 
advanced state of knowledge at the present day, and to the changes which seventy 
years have made in the use of terms. In the definitions of the leading and im- 
portant words, the signification is explained by enumerating the properties of the 
object in question, and not merely by a reference to other words of a similar im- 
port. In numerous instances, the distinctions between words which are apparently 
synonymous are traced with great minuteness; and it is hoped that the present work 
may supply, to a considerable extent, the place of a regular treatise on English 
synonyms. In a work of this kind, however, embracing, as it does, the whole circle 
of ideas embodied in the language of a nation, the utmost efforts of the lexicogra- 
pher are only an approximation towards the end in view. No single mind can 
enter, with perfect exactness, into all the multiplied distinctions of thought and lan- 
guage, among a highly civilized people. The author of such a work may, therefore, 
confidently hope for the candor and indulgence of an enlightened public. 

As the author of the original work has intrusted the superintendence of the 
Abridgment to another person, he is not to be considered as responsible for any of 
the modifications already alluded to. The quarto edition will, of course, be con- 
sidered as presenting his exact views of the proper arrangement and exhibition 
of words, in respect to their orthography and pronunciation. 

JVew Haven, June 1, 1829. 



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SYNOPSIS 


OF 

WORDS DIFFERENTLY PRONOUNCED BY DIFFERENT ORTHOEPISTS, 


ILLUSTRATIONS AND^ REMARKS. 

The object of this Synopsis is to exhibit, at one view, the manner in which words 
of doubtful, disputed, or various pronunciation, are pronounced by the most eminent 
English orthoepists. To these words a star is prefixed, as they occur in the Dictionary. 

The six Pronouncing Dictionaries which have been made use of in the Synopsis, 
namely, those of Shertdan, Walker, Perry, Jones, Fulton and Knight, and Jameson, 
were originally published in the order of time in which they are here exhibited, 
Sheridan’s being the first, and Jameson’s the last. 

The work of Perry, which .has been made use of, is his Synonymous, Etymological 
and Pronouncing English Dictionary,” in royal 8vo., which was first published in 
1805, and which differs, in the pronunciation of many words, from Perry’s ‘‘ Royal 
Standard English Dictionary,” which appeared many years earlier. 

These orthoepists have each his own peculiar system of notation ; but as their sev- 
eral systems could not be exhibited in the Synopsis without much inconvenience, and 
without causing great confusion and perplexity to the reader, their respective pronun- 
ciations have been represented by one method of notation. As these authors do not 
agree with each other with respect to the number and quality of the sounds of the 
English vowels, it is impossible, by the notation here used, to represent, in every 
instance, their precise difference. The cases of failure, however, are not important. 

Perry 'alone makes a distinction between the sound of long a as in/h^e, and of a as 
mfare, which last is marked by him thus (a), Sheridan, Perry, Fulton and Knight, and 
Jameson make no distinction between the short sound of o as in not^ and the sound of 
0 as in nor ; and Sheridan makes none between the sound of short a as in fat, and of 
what is called the Italian sound of a as in far and father. Fulton and Knight, on the 
contrary, not only make a distinction between the sound of a in fat and in far, but 
designate an intermediate sound, as in fast, not so short as a in fat, nor so broad as a 
in far. It is probable, however, that these orthoepists agreed in practice, in many 
cases, in which they differed in marking the pronunciation of words ; and that, in va- 
rious' instances, they omitted to mark the discriminations in their dictionaries, which 
they were in the constant habit of making in reading and speaking. 

With regard to what is called the Italian sound of the letter a as in father, (in the 
Synopsis marked thus, a), there is a great diversity among the different orthoepists. 
Sheridan has not used it at all, and Walker and Jameson are more sparing in the use 
of it than Perry, Jones, and Fulton and Knight. Dr. Webster has made more use 
of it than any of them. But this difference of sound is not deemed to be so impor- 
tant as to render it expedient to introduce the words which are affected by it into the 
Synopsis. 

With regard to the mode of representing the sound of the letter t, when it comes 
after the accent, and is followed by u, as in the words nature and natural, there is a 
great diversity in the Pronouncing Dictionaries ; and this applies to a numerous class 
of words. It has been thought necessary to give only a few of these words, merely 
enough to show the different modes of different orthoepists. 

There is a class of words, in which the letter d is followed by one of the vowels e, i, 
or u, as arduous, hideous, obedience, &>c., respecting which there is a diversity of pro- 


SYNOPSIS. 


nunciation. A part only of these have been inserted, but enough to^ exhibit this 
diversity, and indicate what other words must be affected by* it. 

There are some words of three syllables, which we hear pronounced sometimes with 
the secondary accent on the first, and the primary accent on the third ; and sometimes 
with this order reversed ; as, ambuscade, caravan, and partisan. Dr. Webster inclines 
generally to place the primary accent, in such words, on the first syllable ; but the 
difference is not thought to be important enough to render it advisable, in all cases, to 
exhibit them in the Synopsis. 

With regard to the quantity of the last syllable of many words which end in He and 
ine, juvenile and vulpine, there is a great diversity in the Pronouncing Dictionaries ; 
and there are some cases in which it is difficult to say whether the long or the short 
sound is to be preferred, and respecting which every one may, without impropriety, 
be permitted to follow his own taste or the usage to which he is accustomed. Some 
of the words of this sort stand in the Dictionary without having the quantity of the last 
syllable marked ; and but few of them have been inserted in the Synopsis. 

A considerable number of words are inserted, with regard to which there is only one 
uniform pronunciation exhibited by Dr. Webster and the several authorities made use 
of. It has, nevertheless, been thought advisable to insert them, because a different pro- 
nunciation from the one here given is countenanced by other authorities, or, to a greater 
or less extent, by usage ; and it may, therefore, be satisfactory to many to see the 
authorities exhibited. The words accessory, centrifugal, centripetal and repertory are 
examples of this class. 

Some words are inserted, of which the pronunciation is, at present, well set- 
tled ; as, for example, break, covetous, hydrophobia and the noun defle. But with 
regard to these words, a different pronunciation from that which is now established 
formerly prevailed, and is supported by Sheridan. 

It will be seen that, in many instances, there are several words of the same class or 
family, to which a star is prefixed in the Dictionary, though only one of them is found 
in the Synopsis. In these cases, the leading or primitive word is inserted, which gov- 
erns the rest of the same class ; as, for example, the pronunciation of acceptable and 
fearful determines the pronunciation of their derivatives, acceptably, acceptableness, 
fearfully and fearfulness. 

In the Synopsis, the vowels are marked, in many instances, by a period under them, 
to denote an indistinct sound. These syllables are differently designated by the or- 
thoepists here made use of; though they all doubtless agreed in their manner of 
pronouncing them. In the word celibacy, for example, the vowels in the second and 
fourth syllables, which are represented, in the Synopsis, by the indistinct sound of e (e), 
are represented by Walker, Fulton and Knight, and Jameson, by the long sound of e, 
and by Sheridan and Jones by the short sound of y. Perry marks the ^ in the second 
syllable short, and leaves the y unmarked, as he does also the a in the third syllable, 
which all the rest designate as short, and which has, in the Synopsis, the mark of 
the indistinct sound of a. 

Those words which, in the first column of the Synopsis, have not the pronunciation 
marked, are pronounced in two different modes in the Dictionary. 

Those words which are so long as not to admit of being displayed, at length, in the 
body of the page, are there placed only in the first column, with Dr. Webster’s pro- 
nunciation ; and the pronunciation of the other orthoepists is given at the bottom of 
the page. 


KEY 


To 

the Sounds 

of the 

Voivels as 

itsed in the Synopsis. 






Indistinct. 

A, 

fate, 

fat. 

far, 

fall. 

don'fi-tive. 

E, 

mete, 

met. 



rev^e-ry. 

I, 

pine. 

pin. 



chal^i^e. 

o, 

note. 

not. 

n$f, 

move. 

tfi'pod. 

u, 

tube. 

tub. 



sat'urn. 


th as in tiling th as in this. 


SYNOPSIS OF WORDS 






V' 

DIFFERENTLY PRONOUNCED BY DIFFERENT ORTHOEPISTS. 


Webster. 


Sheridan. 


Walker. 


Perry. Jones. 


B'ulton 4* Knight. Jameson. 


AB'DI-€A-TiVE, 

ab-dlk/ka-tiv, 

Sib/de-ka-tiv, 

ABDOMEN, 

^b-do'men. 

^b-do'men, 

AB'SO-LU-TO-RY, 

ab's9-lu-tur're, 

ab-soPu-tur-re, 

AB'STRACT, a. 

ab^strakt. 

9b-strakt/, 

A€-CEPT/A-BLE, 

ak/sep-ta-bl, 

SLk'sep-ta-bl, 

AO-CESS', 

ak'ses. 

fik-ses'. 

AC/CES-SO-RY, 

ak'ses-sur-r?. 

ak'ses-S9-r?, 

AD-DIT'A-MENT, 

ad/de-ta-meiit. 

ad-dit'a-ment, 

AD-JU'VANT, 

ad/ju-vant, 

ad'ju-vant, 

AD-VER'TiSE-MENT. i 

. 

a'E-RIE, 

a'r?. 

e'r?. 

A-GAIN', (a-genO 

9-gen', 

9-gen', 

AGAINST/, ( 

(a-genst/) i 

1 9-genst', 

9-gensP, 

AG-GRAN/DIZE-MENT. 2 


aID'-DE-€AMP, 


ade-d?-k^wng'. 

AL/eOVE, 

9l-kove', 

9l-k5ve', 

AL'KA-LT, 

JU'kHf, 

al'k9-l9, 

AL-MOST', 

Ml-most', 

MPmost, 

ALTINE, 


aPpin, 

9l-ter'n9te, 

AL'TERN-ATE, r. 


AM/BUS-GADE, 

am-bus-kade'. 

am-bus-kade'. 

A-MEN', 

a-mSn', 

a'lnen', 

AN-A-MORPH/O-SIS 

. 3 


ANCHOVY, 

911-cho've, 

an-cho'v?. 

AN'CIENT, 

aiie'shent. 

ane/sh^nt. 

A-NEM'O-SeOPE, 

an/9-m9s-kope/, 

a-nern'9-skope, 

aN'GEL, 

ane jel. 

ane'j?l. 

AN-TI-Fe'BRILE, 

an-te-fe'brile. 

an-te-feb'ril. 

AN/TI-NO-MY, 

Sn't9-n9-me, 

an-tinVme, 

AN'TI-PODES, 

an-tip/9-dez. 

an-tipo-dfcz, 

AN-TIP'TO-SIS, 

an-tip-to'sis, 

an-tip-to/sjs, 

AP-PULSE', 

Sp/puls, 

ap/puls. 

a'PRON, 

a'prun. 

a'purn. 

Aa'UI-LINE, 

ARCH-I-PEL'A-GO, 

&k/w9-llne. 

ak/we-lin, 

ar-ke-peP9-g5, 

ar'ju-us. 

XR'DU-OUS, 

ar/du-us. 

AR'I-E-TATE, 

ar'e-^-tate. 

9-rI'9-tate, 

AR'ITH-MAN-CY, 

a-rith'm^n-s?, 

a-rith'm9ii-s?, 

ARD-MA-TIZE, 

ar/9-ma-tIze, 

ar/9-ma-tIze, 

AT-TRa'HENT, 

^t'tra-heiit, 

2.t/tra-hent, 

A-VANT/ GUARD, 

a-vOlunt/gard, 

a-vant/gard, 

A-VOW'EE, 

a-vow'e. 

uv-ow-e', 

AZ'URE, 

a/zliur, 

a'zhure, 


.AGK-SLIDE', 

bak'sllde. 

bSlk-slIde', 

iAL'CO-NY, 

b9l-ko'ne, 

bal-ko'ne, 


9b-dik'9-tiv, 

ab'de-ka-tiv, 

ab'df-ka-tiv, 

ab'de-ka-tiV. 

ab-do'm^n. 

1 9 b-do'inen, 

9b-do'men, 

9b-do'men. 

ab'do-men. 


ab'S9-lu-t9-r9, 

ab'strakt. 

9b-sol'u-tur-9, 

9b-sol'utur-e, 

ab-sol'u-tur-1’9. 

9b-strakt'. 

ak-sep'ta-bl. 

9k-sep't9-bl, 

ak'S9p-t9-bl, 

ak'sep-t9-bl. 

ak-ses'. 

9k-ses', 

9k-ses', 

ak'ses, ak-s6s' 

ak'sfS-S9-re, 

ak'ses-sur-r?. 

ak'ses-sur-e. 

ak'ses-S9-re. 

9d-dit'9-ment, 

ad'de-t9-ment, 

ad-dit'a-ment. 

9d-dit'9-ment. 


9d-ju'v?nt, 

ad'ju-vant. 

ad'ju-vant. 


a'er-e, 

a'er-e. 

e're. 

9-gain', 

9-gen', 

9-gen', 

a-gane'. 

9-gainst', 

9-genst', 

9*genst', 

9-ganst'. 




ade'df-kawng. 

al-kove', 

9l-kove', 

al-kove'. 

9l-kove'. 

al'k9-Ie, 

al'k9-l9. 

al'k9-l9. 

al'k9-ll. 

Sill-most', 

3 . 1 'pin, 

all-m 5 st', 

( all-most', 
i SLll'most, 

1 all'most. 
al'plne. 



rd-ter'nate. 


9l-ter'nate, 

ul-t^r-nate'. 

um-bus-kade', 

3 .m-bus-kade', 

am-bus-kade', 

am-bus-kade'. 

a-men', 

a-rnen', 

a-rnen', 

a-men'. 

9n-cho've, 

9n-ch5'v?, 

aii-cho'v?. 

an-cho'v?. 

Un'sh?nt, 

ane'sli^nt, 

ane'sli^nt. 

ane'shent. 

9-nem'9S-k3pe, 

9-nem'o-skope, 

9 -nem' 9 -skope, 

9 -nein' 9 -sk 6 pe 

ane'jel. 

ane'j?!. 

ane'jel. 

ane'jel. 

an-te-fe'brtl, 

an-t9-feb'ril, 

an-t9-feb'ril. 

un-t9-feb'ril. 

an't9-n9-m?, 

an-tin'9-m9. 

9 n-tin' 9 -m 9 , 

9 n-tin' 9 -m 9 . 

an-tip'9-dez, 

an-tip'o-dez, 

9n-tip'o-dez, 

c?-n-tip'9-dez. 

an-tip't9-sis, 

• •*•••••• 


an-tjp-to'sjs. 

ap-puls'. 

ap'puls, 

ap'puls, 

ap'puls. 

a'purn. 

a'purn, 

a'purn , 

a'prun. 

5 k'we-iin, 

ak'we-IIne, 

ak'we-llne. 

a'kwe-llne. 


ark-9-pel'9~go, 

ark-9-pel'9-go. 

**•••♦•-» 

ar'du-us, 

S.r'9-9-tate. 

ar'du-us. 

ii.r'du-us. 

ar'du-us. 




a-roin'9-tlze, 

at'tra-hent, 

at'tr9-hent, 

at'tra-hent. 

9-ro'm9-tIze. 

a-vant'g’ 9 rd, 

9-vant'gyard, 

a-vant'gyird, 

9-vaung'gard. 

av-ovv-e'. 

az'ur, 

azh'ur, 

a'zhur. 

a'zhure. 

bak'sllde, 

l>9l-ko'n9, 


bak-slide', 

bnl-lco'ne, 

bak-sllde'. 

b9l-ko'ne, 

^ b9l-ko'n?. 
i bal'k9-ne. 


Sheridan. Walker, 

1 fid-ver'tiz-ment, ?ui-\'er^tis^nient, 

1 &d-v?r-tlze'm?nt, ad-ver-tlze'inent, 

2 ^'gr^n-dlze-m^nt, ag'gran-dize-m?nt 

* ^-^-mpr-fb'sjs, an-^-m 9 r-fo'sis, 

B 


Perry, Jones. 


I 9d-ver^tjz-ment, 

^ ug'grp.n-dize-inent, 
( ag-gra.n'diz-ment, 
Sin- 9 'morT 9 -sis, 


( 9,d-\’er't{z-ment, 

\ ud-vcr-tlze'm^nt, 

I ag'gran-dlze-m^nt, 
5 .n- 9 -m 9 r-fo'sis, 


Fulton 4* Knight. Jameson. 


ad-vur'tiz-ment, ) 
ad-v^r-tlze'ment, i 


9d-ver't}Z-mtnl. 


ug'gran-dlze-in^nt, 9g-gr3Ji'diz-ment. 


an-a-m 9 r~fo/sis, 


5ji-a-mor^f9-sl3 


SYNOPSIS 


X 


Webster, 

Sheridan, 

Walker, 

Perry, 

Jones, 

Fulton ^ Knight, Jameson, 

BA-NA'NA, 

b?-n3.'n?i, 

b?-na'n?, 

ba-nii'na. 

b^i-na'na, 

ba-na'na. 

by-ni'ny. 

BAN'IAN, 

ban -y an', 

bjn-yan'. 

ban'ne-?n, 

ban-yan', 

ban-nyan', 

ban-yan'. 

BAR'R[-ER, 

bar'ryfr, 

bar'r?-ur, 

bar're-er. 

bar're-ur. 

bar'r?-er. 

bar're-^r. 

BEARD, (herd) 

berd. 

beerd. 

beerd. 

beerd. 

^beerd. 

beerd. 

BELLES-LETTRES, 

(bel'let-ter) 

1 


bel-let'tfr, 

bel-la'tur, 

bel-la't?r, 

bel-letr'. 

BEL'L6VVS, 

bel'lus. 

bel'lus. 

bel'lus. 

bel'lus. 

b6Mus, 

bel'oze. 

BER'LIN, 

b^r-lin'. 

b^r-lin'. 

ber'ljn, 

b^r-lin'. 

b?r-lin'. 

b^r-lxn'. 

BES'TIAL, 

bes'chal, 

bes'ch?-?!, 

bes't?-al. 

bes'che-ul, 

bes'tyyl. 

bes'te-yl. 

BE-STREVV', 

b^-stroo'. 

be-stro'. 

be-strCi', 

be-stro6'. 

b?-stro', 

b?-stro6'. 

BIT'U-MEN, i 

BI-Tu']\IEN, ! 

1 bl-tu'm§n, 

be-tu'mfii, 

bj-tu'ra?ii, 

bl-tu'm?n. 

bl-tu'men. 

be-tu'm?n. 

BoAT'SWAIN, 

bo'sn, 

bo'sn, 

b5'sn, 

\ b5te's\vane, 
i bo'sn. 

bote's Wane, 
bo'sn. 

bote'swane, 

bo'sn. 

BOM'BAST, 

bom-b^t', 

I bum'bast, 
( bum-bast'. 

1 bum-bast', 

bym-bast', 

bum-bast', 

bum'bast'. 

BOOK, 

book. 

book. 

buk. 

buk. 

buk, 

book. 

BO'SOM, 

boo'zum. 

J boo'zum, 
i buz'um. 

1 boo'zum, 

boo'zum. 

boo'zum. 

boo'zum. 

Bourn, 

boom, 

borne. 

boom, 

borne. 

boom, borne, 

borne. 

BoWL, (bole) 

bole. 

bSle, 

boul. 

bole. 

boul, bole. 

boul. 

BRACE'LET, 

bras'ljt, 

brase'lft. 

brase'lft. 

brase'l?t, 

brase'l^t. 

brase'lfU 

BRA'VO, 

bra'vo. 

bra.' VO, 

brii'vo. 

brii'vo, 

bra'vo. 

bra'vo. 

BRA-ZIL', 

br^-zeel', 

brsi-zeel', 

bra-zii'. 

bry-zeel', 

bra-Zeel', 

bry-zeel'. 

BREAK, 

brSek, 

brake. 

brake. 

brake. 

brake. 

brake. 

BREECH, (brich) 

breech. 

breech. 

breech, 

breech. 

breech, 

breech. 

BRONZ, 

bronze. 

bronze, 

bronz. 

bronze, 

bronze, 

bronze. 

BROOCH, 

brooch, 

broch. 

brooch, 

broch. 

brooch. 

broch. 

BROOK, 

brook. 

brook. 

bruk. 

bruk. 

bruk. 

brook. 

BIJLL'ION, 

bul'lyun, 

bul'yun, 

bul'yun, 

bul'yun. 

bul'yun. 

bul'yun. 

BUOY, 

bway, 

bu6?, 

boy, 

bway. 

bwoy, 

b6?. 


CA-CHEX'Y, 

ka'kek-s?, 

kak'?k-s?, 

ky-kek's?. 

kak'?k-s?, 

kak'?k-s?, 

kyk-kek's?. 

€A'IS-SON, j 

CAIS-SOON', 1 

€AL'CI-NA-TO-RAL 

1 

1 


kys-soon', 

ka'sn, 

kase-s86n', 

ka'es-son. 

CALCINE, 

kyl-sine'. 

kyl-sine'. 

kyl-sine'. 

kyl-sine'. 

kyl-sine'. 

kyl-sine'. 

€AM'EL-0-PARD, 

kam'e-lo-pard, 

ky-mel'o-pird. 

ky-mel'o-pird. 

• •••••••• 


ky-mel'o-pard. 

CAN'AL-CoAL, 

ken'nil-kole. 

ken'nil-kole. 

kan'yl-kole. 



kan'yl-kole. 

€AP'IL-LA-RY, 

kfi-pll'lfi-r?, 

kap'pil-ly-r?, 

ky-pil'ly-r?. 

ka-pil'ly-r?, 

kap'jl-lyr-?. 

kap'pjl-ly-r?. 

CA-PRICE', 

kap-rees', 

( ky-prees', 
< kap'rees. 

1 kyprees', 

ky-prees', 

ky-prees'. 

ky-prees'. 

CAR'TEL, 

kyr-tel', 

kar-tel', 

k’ir't?!. 

kyr-tel'. 

kyr-tel', 

kyr-tel'. 

CATCH'UP, i 

CAT'SUP, ! 

1 kach'up, 

kach'up. 

k at 'sup, 

kach'up. 

kach'yp. 

kech'yp. 

CATH'O-LI-CISM, 

ka-thol'f-sizm, 

ky-thol'?-sizra, 

ky-thol'?-sizm, 

ky-thol'?-sizm. 

ky-thol'?-slzm. 

ky-thol'?-sIzm 

Ce'CI-TY, 

se'sjt-e, 

ses'?-te. 

ses'e-t?. 

ses'?-t?. 

ses'?-te. 

se's?-t?. 

CE'LA-TURE, 

se'ly-ture. 

sel'y-chure. 

se'ly-ture. 



sel'y-ture. 

CELIBACY, 

sel'f-by-se. 

sel'e-by-s?. 

sel'e-by-s?, 

sel'?-by-s?. 

sel'e-by-s?. 

sel'?-by-s?. 

CEN'A-TO-RY, 

se'ny-tur- 9 . 

sen'y-tur-?. 

sen'y-to-r?. 



sen'y-tyr-?. 

CEN-TRIF'U-GAL, 

s?n-triPu-gal, 

sen-trifu-gyl, 

s?n-trifu-gyl, 

s?n-trif u-gyl. 

sen-trify-gyl. 

s?n-trif u-gyl. 

CEN-TRIP'E-TAL, 

sfn-trip'f-tyl, 

sen-tr!p'?-tyl, 

s?n-trip'e-tyl, 

sen-trip'?-tyl, 

s?n-trip'?-tyl. 

s?n-trip'e-tyl. 

CER'USE, 

ser'use. 

se'ruse. 

se'ruse, 

se'ruse. 

Se'ruse, 

Se'ruse. 

CHA-GRIN', 

sha-green'. 

shy-green'. 

shy-green', 

shy-green'. 

shy-green', 

shy-green'. 

CHALDRON, 

chaw'drun, 

cha'drun, 

chal'drun. 

chal'drun, 

chii'dryn, 

chawl'dryn. 

CHAL'ICE, 

chal'js. 

chal'js. 

kal'js. 

chal'js. 

chal'js. 

chal'js. 

CHAM'OIS, (sham'e) 

shy-mo?'. 

shy-mo?',. 

sham'?. 

shy-mo?'. 

shy-mo?'. 

shy-mo?'. 

CHAM-PAIGN', 

chym-pane'. 

sham 'pane. 

shym-p3,ne'. 

shym-pane'. 

cham'pane. 

sham'pane. 

CHAP'E-RON, 


shap-?ro6n'. 

shap'?-r6ne, 



shap'?r-66n. 

CHART, 

kart, chart, 

kart, chart. 

chart. 

kirt, chart, 

chart, kart, 

kart, chart. 

CHAS'TEN, (chasn) 

ch3,'stn. 

chase 'tn, 

chase 'n. 

chase'tn. 

chasn. 

chase'tn. 

CHAS'TISE-MENT, 

chastiz-ment, 

chas'tjz-ment. 

( chys-tize'm?nt, 
( chase'tjz-ment. 

1 chas'tjz-ment. 

chas'tjz-mSnt, 

chas'tjz-m6nt. 

CHAS'TI-TY, 

chase 't?-t?, 

chas't?-t?, 

ch3Lse't?-t?, 

chas't?-t?, 

chas't?-t?. 

chas't?-t?. 

CHEER'FUL, 

cher'ful. 

( cheer'ful, 
f cher'ful. 

cheer'ful. 

Cheer'fyl, 

( cher'fyl, 

( cheer'fyl, 

1 cheer'fyl. 

CHERUBIC, 

ch?-ru'b}k, 

ch?-rii'bik, 

ch?-ru'bjk, 

ch?-ru'bjk, 

ch?-ru'bjk. 

ch?-ru'bjk. 

CHI'NA, 

cha'ny. 

cha'ny, chl'ny, 

chl'ny, 

cha'ny, 

chl'ny, cha'ny. 

chl'ny , 


Sh6ridj,n. Walker. 


Perry, Jones. Fulton !f Knight, Jameson. 

k^l-sIn'5i-V;Lr-r9. 




SYNOPvSIS 


XI 


Webst&r. 

Sheridan. 

yValker. 

Perry. 

tJ" (f 7 t€St 

Fulton Sf Knight. Jameson. 

eHIR^O-MAN-CY, 

kl'rp-iTiiin-s?, 

klr' 9 -man-s?, 

kj-rSm'^n-s^, 

klr' 9 -rnan-s?, 

kxr' 9 -man-s?. 

kl'ry-man-s?. 

CHIV^AL-RY, 

shiv'al-r?. 

chiv'gl-ry. 

shiv'^l-r?, 

chiv'^l-rf,* 

chxv'al-r?, 

’ shxv'^l-r?. 

CHIVES, 

shivz. 

chivz. 

clilvz. 

chivz, 

clilvz. 

chivz. 

CHOIR, (quire) 

kvvire. 

kwire. 

koir, kvvire. 

kvvire, ka?'ur, 

kvv’Ire, kolr. 

kvvire. 

CHOPIN, 

sh9-p55n', 

chy-pSen', 

chSp'in, 

chy-peen'. 

chop'in. 

chy-peen'. 

€HOR'IS-TER, 

k\ver'is-t?r. 

kwir'is-l^r, 

\ kor'is-ter, 

1 kvvir'js-ter. 

1 k5r'js-ter, 

kwxr'is-t^r. 

kor'jstfr. 

€HRIST-IAN'I-TY, 

krls-tya.n'9-t9, 

krls-che-an'^-t?, kri:3-te-an'9-t?. 

krl3-che-an'9-t?, kris-tye-an'e-t?, krls't^-an'^-t? 

CLAR'ION, 

klar'yun. 

kllre'yun, 

klar'e-un, 

klar'e-un, 

kla're-un. 

klar'e-un. 

CLERK, 

kldrk, 

klirk, 

klark, 

klark, * 

klark, 

klark. 

CLI-MA0TER-IC. 

i 






CLOTHES, 

kl5ze, 

kloze, kiothz. 

kiothz, 

kloze. 

kiothz. 

kiothz, kloze. 

CLOUGH, (kluf) 
CLYS'TER, 


klou, klof, 
klls'ter. 

klof. 


klof, 

glxs'ter, 

kluf. 

glls'ter. 

klls'ter. 

glxs't^r. 

klls'ter. 

CO-AD-Ju'TANT, 

k 9 -a.d'ju-t?nt, 

ky-ud'ju-t^int. 

k5-?d-ju'tant. 


• ••••*•• 

. ko-ad'ju-t?int. 

Co'BALT, 

kob'alt. 

kob'alt. 

kob'alt. 

kob'ult. 

kob'alt. 

ko bait. 

COCH'I-NEAL, 

kuch'in-eel. 

kuch'in-eel. 

kucli'f-neel, 

koch'jn-eel, 

kuch'jn-eel, 

koch-in-eel'. 

COCKSWAIN, 

kok'sun, 

kok'sn, 

kok'sn. 



^ kok'svvaiie, 
( kok'sn. 

COGNIZANCE, 

kon' 9 -zans. 

( kog'ne-zans, 
i kon'e-zans, 

1 kon'9-zans. 

j kog'ne-zuns, 
( kon'e-zuns, 

1 kbg'ne-z^ns, 

k8n'?-zans. 

COM'BAT, 

kum'but, 

kum'bat. 

kom'bgit, 

kum'but. 

kum'bat, 

kom'bat. 

COM-MEND'A-BLE. 

2 






COM'MENT, V. 

kbm'ment. 

koin'ment. 

kom-ment'. 

kom-ment', 

kom'ment. 

kom'm?nt. - 

COM'MIS-SURE, 

kom'inish-ure, 

kom-mish'ure, 

kom-mis'shure, 

, kom-mxsli'ure, 

kym-mxsh'ure. 

kym-mxs'ure. 

COM-MoDI-OUS, 

kom-mo'dyus, 

( kQm-nio'de-us, 
( korn-mo'j^-us. 

1 kom-mo'de-us. 

kom-mo'de-us. 

kym-mo'dyus, 

k9m-mo'd?-us. 

COMPATRIOT, 

kom-pa'tr^-ut, 

kym-pa'tre-ut. 

kym-pa'tre-ut. 

kom-pa'tre-ut. 

kom-pa'tre-ut. 

kym-pa'tre-ut. 

COMPENSATE, 

kom-pen'siite. 

kym-pen'sate. 

kom-pen'sate. 

kom-pen'sate, 

kom-pen'sate, 

kom-pen'sate. 

COM'PLOT, 

kom'plot. 

kom'plot, 

kom-plot'. 

kom'plot, 

kom'plot. 

kom-plot'. 

COMToRT, 

kom-port', 

kom'port, 

kym-port', 

kom'port. 

kom'port. 

kom'port. 

COM'RADE, 

kum'rade, 

kum'rade. 

kum'rade. 

kum'rade, 

kum'rade. 

kom'rilde. 

CON-FESS'OR, 

kon'fes-sur, 

kon'fes-sur. 

kon-fes'sur, 

kon'fes-sur, 

kon'fes-sur. 

kon'fps-sur. 

eON'FI-DANT, 

kon-fe-dant', 

kon-fe-dant', 

kon'fe-dant. 

kon'fe-dant, 

kon-fe-dant'. 

kon-fe-dant'. 

CONFISCATE, r. 

kon-fis'kate. 

kon-fxs'kate, 

kon-fis'kate. 

kon-fxs'kate, 

kyn-fxs'kale. 

kon-fxs'kate. 

CON-FR6NT', 

kyn-front', 

kon-front', 

kun-frunt', 

kyn-frunt'. 

kon-front', 

kyn -front'. 

CONROE, 71. 


kyn-jee', 

kbii'j?, 

kyn-jee', 

( kone'je, 

( kon-jee'. 

konje, 

kong-zha'. 

CON-NOIS-SECR', 

k6-nis-s66r'. 

ko-n{s-sare', 

kbn-njs-sure', 

kon-njs-sure'. 

kon-nis-sure', 

ko-nis-sare'. 

CON-SIST'O-RY, 

kon'sjs-tur-?. 

kbn'sis-tur- 9 , 

kon'sis-to-re, 

kbn'sjs tur-e, 

kon'sis-tur-e. 

kon'sis-tur-?. 

CON-SOL' A-TO-RY, 

kon-s6'la-tur-e. 

kon-sol'?i-tur- 9 . 

kon-so'l^-to-re. 

kon-sol'a-tur- 9 . 

kon-sb!'ri-tur-e, 

kon-sola-tur-?. 

COxN'STEL-LATE, 

kyn-stel'late, 

kon-stel'late, 

kon-stel'late. 


kyn-stel'late, 

kon-stel'late. 

CON'STI-TU-TIVE, 

kyn-stit'tu-tlv. 

kon'ste-tii-tiv. 

k6n'st?-tu-tiv. 

kSn'Ste-tu-txv, 

kon'ste-tu-llv, 

kSn'ste-tu-txv. 

CON'STRUE, 

kon'stur, 

( kon'stru, 
( kon'stur, 

1 kon'stril, 

kon'stru. 

kSn'stru, 

kon'stru. 

CON-SULT', n. 

kyn-sult', 

j kon'sult, 

kon'sult, 

[ 

kcn'suit, 

kSn'sult. 


( kon-sult'. 

kyn-sidt', 

i 


CONSUMMATE, 

kon-sum'met, 

kon-sum'mate, 

kon-sum'mate. 

kon-sum'nift, 

kon-sum'mate, 

kon-sum'mate. 

CONTEMPLATE, 

kon-tem'piate. 

kon-iem'plate. 

kyn-tem'plate, 

kon-tem'plate, 

kon-tem'plate, 

kyn-tem'plate. 

CON'TEM-PLA-TOR. 3 






CON'TENT, 7J. 

kyn-lenP, 

< kyn-tent', 
( kon'tent. 

1 kyn-tSnt', 

kyn-tent', 

kyn-tent', 

kon-tent'. 

CON'TRITE, 

kon'trlte, 

kon'trlte, 

kon-trltc'. 

kon'trlte. 

kon'trlte. 

kon'trlte. 

CON-VeN'IENT, 

kon-ve'ny^iit, 

kon-vS'ne-^nt, 

kon-ve'ne-ent, 

kon-ve'n$- 9 nt, 

kon-ve'nyent. 

k 9 n-ve'n?-?nt. 

CON-VENT'I-CLE, 

kon'ven-tikl. 

kon-ven'te-kl, 

kon-\^en'te-kl. 

kon'ven-t?-kl, 

kon-ven'te-kl. 

kon-ven't?-kl. 

CON'VER-SANT, j 

kon'ver-sent, 

kon-ver's^nt. 

kon'ver-sant, 

kon-ver's^int, 

1 kyn-ver's^nt, | 

i kbn'ver-sunt, 
' kyn-ver'sunt, 

kbn'vers-ant, 

kon-vers'ant, 

1 k8n'v?r-S9nl. 

Co'NY, 

kun'ne. 

kun'ne. 

kun'ne, 

kun'ne, 

kun'ne, 

kun’'n?. 

Co'aUET-RY, 

ko-ket're, 

ko-ket'r?, 

ky-ket're. 

ko-ket're, 

ko-ket'r?, 

ko-ket'r?. 

CORDTAL, 

kor'dyfil. 

kor'je-^1, 

k5r'de-al. 

kor'de-ul, 

kor'dyal, 

kor'deal. 

COR'OL-I.A-RY, 

kor'o-lar- 5 , 

kSr'o-l^r-e, 

kor f;-la-r?. 

kor'o-l^r-?. 

kor' 9 l-Iar-e, 

kor'o-l^r-?. 

COUR'IER, 

koo'ryer, 

koo'reer. 

koo're-a, 

koo-reer'. 

koo'reer, 

koo-reer'. 

CoURT'E-OUS, . 

kur'chus. 

kur'che-iis, 

kur'che-u3, 

kur't 9 -us, 

kurt'yus, 

kore te-us. 

CoV'ET-OUS, 

kuv've-clius, 

kuv'f-tus. 

kuv'et-us, 

kuv've-tus, 

kuv"'?t-ua, 

kuv'e-tus. 

CREEK, (krik) 

kreek. 

kreek, 

kreek. 

kreek, 

kreek, 

kreek. 

CROC'O-DILE, 

krok' 9 -dll, 

krok' 9 -dil, 

krok'o-dll, 

krbk' 9 -dxl, 

krbk o-dil, 

krok'o-dlle. | 

Sheridan. 

Walker. 

Perry. 


Fidto 71 4" 

K7iight. 

Jam cson. 


^ kll-m^-k-ter^rik, 
2 kom-nien'da-b], 

2 kSm'men-dgi-bl, 

3 koa't?m-pl5,-tur. 


kliin-aik-ter^rik, 
kom'men-da-bl, 
kom-m^n'd?i-b!, * 
k9U-lcm'pU-tur, 


kli-irsak-terrik, 
I korn-men'da-bl, 
k^n-tgui'platur, 


kiiin'ak-ter'rik, 

k9m-nierdd5i-bl, ; 

^ * 

k 9 n-teiu'pla-tur, 


klim-ak-terVjk, 

rm ■ 

kom'mfii-da-bl, j 
* • • 

k9U-lem‘pl5.-t9r, 


klini*rik-ter'rjk. 

kom-mSn'da-bh 

.rfcj 

k9n-tem'pii*tyr. 


SYNOPSIS 


XU 


f Webster. 

Hheridan. 

Walker. 

Perry. 

Jones. 

Fulton ^ Knight 

. Jameson, 

CRTJP'PER, 

krup'per. 

krup'per, 

krup'per, " 

, krup'per. 

krup'per. 

krup'per. 

€U'€UM-BER, 

kow'kuin-b^r. 

kow'kum-bfr. 

kow'kum-b^r. 

kuk'um-b9r, • 

kow'kum-b9r. 

ku'kum-b9r. 

€UI-RASS',(kwe-ras') ku'r^s, 

kwe-ras'. 

kwe'r^s. 

kwe'rus, 

kwe-ras'. 

kwe-ras'. 

€UISH, (kvvis) 

kush, 

kwis, 

kvvxsh, 

kwis. 

kwis, 

kwis. 

€u'NEI-FORM, 

ku-ne'e-forra. 

ku-ne'9-fdrm, 

ku-ne'e-fonn. 



ku-ne'9-fornL. 

€UFBoARD, 

kiib'burd, 

kub'burd. 

kup'bord. 

kup'burd. 

kub'burd. 

kub'byrd. 

CYN/O-SURE, 

si'no-sure, 

\ sin'o-shure, 
1 sl'n9-shure, 

si'n9-sure, 

J sin '9- sure. 

1 sin'9-sure, 1 

1 si'n9-sliure. 


sln'9-sure. 


^ sl'n9-sure, ' 

DAUNT, 

diwnt, 

dam, 

dSiwni, dam. 

dam, 

dam. 

dam. 

Deaf, 

def, 

def. 

def. 

def. 

ddf. 

def. 

DE-CEP'TO-RY, 

de-sep'tur-?, 

des'ep-tur-9, 

de-sep't9-re, 



des'9p-tur-9. 

DECOROUS, 

de-ko'rus. 

de-ko'rus. 

dek'o-rus, 

d9-ko'rus. 

d9-ko'rus. 

de-ko'rus. 

DE-€Re'TAL, 

d9-kre't9l. 

i de-kre'tal, ) 

de-krC'tal, 

d9-kre'tal. 

de-kre'tal. 

1 d9-kre't9l, 


( dek're-t^l, ; 



. , j 

* dek'ry-tal. 

DECUSSATE, 

d?-kus'sate, 

dc-kus'sate, 

d^-kus'sate, 

de-kus'sate, 

de-kus'sate. 

dy-kus'sate. 

DE-FILE', 

d5f'e-le. 

de-file'. 

de-file'. 

de-file'. 

d9-file', 

dy-file'. 

DEMONSTRATE, 

d^-mon'straie, 

de-m5n'strate. 

de-mon'strate, 

de-mon'strate, 

de-m5n'strate, 

de-mdn'strate. 

DEM'ON-STRA-TOR. i 




DEN'I-GRATE, 

de-ni'grate, 

< den'?-grate, | 

( de-ni'grate, \ 

den'?-grate, 

de-ni'grate. 

d9-ni'grate. 

den'9-grate. 

DE-PIL'A-TO-RY, 

DER-NIeR', 

d?-pI'la-tur-9, 

dern-yare', 

de-sik'kate, 

de-pil'9-tur-9, 

dern-yare', 

d^-sik'kate, 

d^-pil'a-to-re, 

der'ne-^r, 

de-sik'kate, 

dfrn-yare', 

de-sik'kate, 

dern-yare'. 

d9-sik'kate, 

d9-pi'l9-tur-9. 

DESICCATE, 

d9-sik'kate. 

DE-SIGN', 

de-zine', 

d^-slne'. 

de-sine', 

df-sine', 

d9-sine'. 

d9-zine'. 

DES'UL-TO-RY, 

des'ul-tur-9, 

des'ul-tur-c, 

des'ul-to-re, 

des'ul-tur-9. 

des'ul-tur-c. 

des'ul-tur-9. 

DIAMOND, 

di'mund. 

dl'9-miind, 

di'a-mund, 

di'mund. 

< di'9-mund, J 

di'9-mund. 






< di'mund, i 

DIM'IS-SO-RY, 

dl-mis'so-re. 

dim'is-sur-9. 

• •••••»*• 

dim'is-sur-9. 

dim'js-sur-9. 

dinT'js-sur-e. 

Dl'O-CE-SAN, 

di-os'se-sain. 

di-os'S9-ssin, 

di-os'f-s^n. 

di-os's9-sun. 

dI-os'9-S9n, 

di-os's 9-S9n. 

DIS'COUNT, V. 

djs-kount'. 

djs-kount', 

djs-kount'. 

djs-kount', 

djs-kount'. 

djs-kount'. 

DIS-CREP'ANCE, 

dis'ki-f-prins, 

dis'kre-p9ns. 

dis'kre-p9iis, 

dis'krf-puns. 

dis'kr9-p9ns. 

dis'kre-pans. 

DIS-CREP'ANT, 

dis'kre-p^nt, 

dis'kre-pfint. 

dis'kre-pant. 



dis'kre-pynt. 

DIS-CRe'TIVE, 

dls'kr^-tlv, 

dis-kre'tiv. 

djs-kre'tiv. 



djs-kre'tiv. 

DIS'PU-TA-BLE, 

dis'pu-ta-bl. 

J dis'pu-t9-bl, 1 

^ djs-pu't9-bl, J 

dis-pu'tj-bl. 

dis'pu-tai-bl, 

dis'pu-t9-bl, 1 

dis'pu-ta-bl, 

djs-pu'ty-bl. 

DIS-SYL'LA-BLE, 

dis'sil-lsi-bl. 

dis'sil-l9-bl. 

dis-sil'la-bl. 

dis'sil-la-bl. 

dis-sil'19-bl. 

dis-sil'la-bl. 

DI-VER-TIZE', 


de-ver'tiz, 

d9-ver'tiz. 


di-ver'tiz. 

DoCI-BLE, 

dos'sjbl 1 

dos'e-bl. 

d5'S9-bl, 

dos's9-bl, 

dos'9-bl, 

dos'9-bl. 

Do'CILE, 

dos'sil. 

dos'sil. 

do'sil, 


, dos'il. 

dos'sil. 

DONATIVE, 

do'na-tiv, 

don'9-tlv. 

don'^-tiv, 

ddn'9-tiv. 

don'a.-tiv, 

don'9-tiv. 

DRAMA, 

dra'in?, 

dra'mri, drara'm^jdr'a'ma, 3 

dra'ni9. 

dra'm^. 

dr'a'my. 

DU-RESS', 

du'res. 

du'r?s, 

du'res, 


du'rfs. 

du'r9S. 

DY'NAS-TY, 

DYS-PEP'SY, 

dl'nas-te, 

dls'pep-se, 

( di'n^s-t?, ) 

» din'as-t?, ) 

dis'pep-se, 

di'n^-t?. 

din'a.s-t?, 

( din'as-t?, j 

1 di'nas-te, ] 

dis'pep-se. 

din'9S-t9. 




E€-€HYM'0-SIS, 

ek-kf-mo'sjs, 

ek-kf-mo'sjs, 

9-ki'nus. 




ek-ki-mo'sjs. 

ECH'I-NUS, 

e-kl'nus. 




E-€LaIR'CiSSE-MENT. 2 





E-CLAT', (e-kld') 

9-klilw', 

9-kia,vv', 

?-kla', 

9k-kia', 

9-kiaw', 

9k-kla'. 

E'DICT, 

e'dikt. 

e'djkt. 

ed'ikt, e djkt, 

e'djkt. 

e'dikt. 

e'djkt. 

E-Le'GI-AC, 

61-9-jI'ak, 

el-e-ji'9k, j 

9-le'je-ak, 

el-e-ji'9k. 

1 el-e-ji'9k. 

el-9-ji'ak. 

el-9-ji'9k. 

EM-BRA-SuRE', 

em-bra-zho6r', 

em-bra'zhure. 

em'br^-zure'. 

fin-bra'ziiure, 

em-bra'zliur. 

ern-bra'zhure. 

EM'PIR-I€, 71 . 

em'pe-rik, 

( em'pe-rik, 

em'pe-rik. 

[ em'p9-rik. 

1 em'p9-rik, ) 

9m-pir'ik. 


/ 

f 9in-pir'ik, 

9m-pir'jk, 

) 

1 9in-pir'jk, ) 

EM-PY-Re'AN, 

em-p9-re'an, 

j em-pe-re'911, 
( em-pir'e-911. 

em-pir '9-911, 

\ 

\ 

1 em-pe-re'an. 

em-p9-re'9n, 


em-p9-re'an. 

f 9m-pir'9-an, 

9in-pir'9-9n. 

EN-CORE', 

ong-kore'. 

ong-kore'. 

dn-kore'. 

ong-kore'. 

ang-kore'. 

ong-kore'. 

ENERVATE, 

9-iier'vate, 

9-ner'vate, 

e-ner'vate. 

9-ner'vate, 

9-ner'vate, 

9-ner'vate. 

EN-FEOFF', (tef) 

en-feef, 

911-feef', 

9U-fef', 

9n-fef', 

en-feP, 

9n-feeP. 

EN-VEL'OP, 

on-V9-lope', 

on-Vf-lope', 

en've-lope. 

dn-ve-l6pe', 

an-V9-lope', 

ong-V9-lope'. 

EN-VI'RONS, 

on-V9-ronz', 

( on-ve-ronz', ^ 

{ tn-vl'runs, i 

9n-vl'runz, 

on-Vf-ronz', 

an'v9-ronz, 1 

en've-runz. 




’ \ 

9n-vi'runz. 

Sheridan. 

Walker. 

Perry. 

Jones. Ftdton 4' Knight.' 

Jameson. 

1 d2m'un-stra-tur, | 

dem-m9ii-stra'tur, 

rlp-inlSn/stva-tiiv 

i dem-un-strS,'tur, 

f 




fk-k]Sr's|z-ment, fk-klare^sjz-ni€nt, ^-klire'sjs-mSn, ^ ^k-kl§,re'sjz-mSng, f-kls^e'sjz-mang, ^k-kl'«ire'sjz-iii€nt. 


SYNOPSIS 


xiii 


Websi&Tk. 

Sheridan. 

Walker. 

Ferry. 

Jones. 

Fulton 4 ’ Knight. Jameson. 

* o 

EPirOD, 

ef'od. 

Sfod, e'f9d, 

ef 9d, 

ePod, 

ef 9 d. 

ef 9 d. 

EPICUREAN, 

ep-e-ku-re'an. 

ep-e-ku-rG'911, 

ep-e-ku-re'^n, 

ep-e-ku-re'911. 

ep-9-ku-re'an. 

ep-e-ku-re'?n. 

E'POCH, 

ep'ok, 

ep'ok, e'pok. 

e'p9k, 

ep'9k, 

ep' 9 k. 

ep'9k. 

EP/QDE, 

ep'ode. 

ep'ode, e'pode. 

ep'ode, e'pode, 

ep'ode. 

ep'ode, 

ep'ode. 

E'aUE-RY, 

9 -kwer' 9 , 

e-kvver'9, 

ek'vver-re, 

e-kvver'e. 

e-kwer'r?. 

e'kwer-e. 

ER'RAND, 

ar'rand, 

ar'r^nd. 

er'rand. 

er'rund, 

1 er'rand, 
( ar'rand. 

1 er'rand. 

ER'U-DITE, 


er-u-dite', 

er'u-dit, 



er'u-dite. 

ES-SaY'IST, 


es-sa'jst, 

es'S 9 -ist, 



es's9-ist. 

EU-RO-Pe'AN, 

yu-ro-pe'^n, 

yu-r9-pe'aii, 

j yu-r9-pe'an. 

j yu-r 9 -pe'?n. 

# 



( yu-ro'p9-9n, 



E-VAN-GEL'I-€AL, 

c-v.yn-jePe-k^l, 

ev-9n-jel'e-kal, 

e-van-jel'e-kal, 

e-van-jel'e-k^l, 

ev-^n-jel'e-kal. 

e-van-jel'e-kal 

EX-A-CERB'ATE, 

eks-a-ser'bate. 

eks-as'er-bate, 

eks-as'er-bate, 



egz-a-ser'bate 

EX'EM-PLA-RY, 

egz'fm-plar-e, 

egz'fm-pl^ir-e. 

fgz-em'pla-re. 

9gz-em'pl9-re, 

egz'9in-plar-9, 

egz'em-plar-f 

EX-Pe'DI-ENT, 

EX'PRO-BRATE, 

?ks-pe'dzhent, 

?ks-pro'brate, 

( eks-p 5 'd 9 -ent, 
( eks-pe'je-ent, 
eks-pr 5 'brate, 

1 9 ks-pe'd?-ent, 
eks'pr9-brate. 

9ks-pe'd?-ent, 

eks-pe'dyent. 

fks-pe'de-ent. 


r 


EX-PRO- BRa'TIVE, 
EXSICCATE, 


eks-pro'br^-tiv, 

9k-sik'kate, 

9ks-pro'br9-tIv, 

9k-sik'kate, 

eks-sik'ka,te, 

fk-sik'kate. 

ek-sik'kate, 

fk-sik'kate. 

EXTIRPATE, 

ek-ster'pate, 

ek-ster'pate. 

ek-ster'pate, 

?k-ster'pate, 

ek-ster'pate, 

ek-ster'pate. 

EXUDATE, 

ek-sii'date. 

ek-su'date. 

9k-su'date, 

ek-su'date, 

9k-su'date, 

ck-su'date. 

E^RE, 

are. 

are. 

are. 

are, 

are. 

are. 

EY'RY, 

e'r?, 

a'r?. 

a'r?, 

a'r?, 

a're. 

a're. 

FAB^RIC, 

fab'rjk. 

fab'rik, fa'brjk, 

fab'rik, 

fab'rjk. 

f ab'rjk. 

( fab'rjk, 
\ fa'brik. 

FAC-ADE', (fas-s 5 .de') 


fa-sade'. 



fa-sad'. 

FAC'UND, 

FALCHION, 

fa-kund', 

fal'chun, 

fak'und, 

fall'chun, 


fak'und, 

fal'chun. 

fak'und. 

fal'shun, 


fal'clie-un. 

fSil'shun. . 

FALCON, 

faw'kn. 

f aw'kn, 

fai'kn. 

faw'kn, 

faw'kn. 

fiw'kn. 

FALCON-ER, 

fawk'nur. 

faw'kn-ur. 

fal'kn-ur. 

faw'kn-ur. 

faw'kn-9r. 

f aw'kn-er. 

FAN'FA-RON, 

fanTsi-ron, 

fan-fa-rone'. 

fan'f^-run. 



fan'f^-rbn. 



■ fare'vvel. 

fire-wel', 




FAREWELL, 

far-weP, < 

) f are-weP, 
\far'wel, 

fire'wel, | 

far-wel', j 

k f ai*e-wel'. 

< far-wel', 
f fare-wel', 

fare-wel', 

fare'wel. 


1 

[far-weP, 

f ar'vvel , 




FASCINE, 

ffis-seen', 

f^s-seen'. 

fjs-seen'. 

ffiis-seen'. 

fas-seen'. 

f^s-seen'. 

FAULT, 

f‘dlWt, 

favvlt, 

fa wit, 

fawlt. 

f 5 ,wlt, 

fa wit. 

Fe'AL-TY, 

f eel'te. 

fe'al-te, 

fe'^l-te, 

fe'ul-t9. 

fe'al-t?. 

feel't?. 

FeAR'FUL, 

fer'ful. 

feer'ful, fer'ful, 

feer'ful. 

feer'ful, 

feer'ful, fer'ful. 

feer'ful. 

Fe'BRILE, 

Fecund, 

f e'brile, 

ff-kund', 

fef, 

feb'ril, 

fek'und, 

fef. 

fe bril, 

fe-kund', 

fef. 

fe'bril, 

fek'und, 

fef, 

fe'bril, 

fek'und. 

fef. 

fe'bril. 

FEOFF, (fef) 

feef. 

FEOF-FEE', 

fef'fe, 

feffe. 

fef-fee', 

fef'fe. 

fef'fe. 

fff-fee'. 

FET'ID, 

fet'jd, 

fet'jd. 

fe'tjd. 

fet'id. 

fet'id, 

fet'id. 

FIEND, 

feend. 

feend, 

feend. 

feend, 

feend, 

feend. 

FIERCE, 

fers. 

feers, fers. 

f eers. 

feers, 

feers, fSrs, 

feers. 

FLAUNT, 

fiant, 

flant, ' 

fl 5 .wnt, 

flant. 

flant, 

flant. 

FORE-FA'THER, 

fore-fa'thur. 

fore-fa'tfiur. 

fore'fa-tlifr. 

fore'fa-tliur. 

f 6 re-f a'th9r. 

fore'fa-thfr. 

FORE-FINCER, 

fore'fing-gur, 

fore'fing-gur. 

fore'fin-ger. 



fore'fing-gfr. 

FORT'NIGHT, 

f art'nite. 

fort-'nlte, 

fort'njt. 

fairt'nite, 

fort'nite. 

fort'nite. 

FOR'TUNE, 

far'tune. 

for'churie, 

for'tune, 

f 5 ,r'chune, 

for'tune, 

for'tune. 

FRANK-INCENSE, 

frank in-sens, 

frangk'in-sens, 

frank'in-sens. 

frank in-sens, 

fra.ngk'in-sens, 

frangk'in-sens 

FRAT'RI-CIDE, 

frat'tre-side. 

frat're-side, 

fra.'tre-slde. 

frat're-side. 

frat're-side, 

frat'r9-side. 

FREE'THINK-ER, 

fre-think'?r. 

fre-thingk'9r, 

fre-think'?r. 

fre'think-9r. 

fre'think-er. 

fre-tliingk'?r. 

FRE'aUENT, V. 

fre-kwent'. 

fre-kwent', 

fre-kwent'. 

fre'kw9nt. 

fre-kwent'. 

fre-kwent'. 

FRONT, 

front. 

frunt, front, 

frunt. 

frunt, 

frunt. 

frunt. 

FR 6 NT-IER', 

fron'ty?r, , 

( fron'cheer, ) 

( front'yeer, ) 

frbn'teer. 

front'yeer. 

front'yeer. 

fron'teer. 

FUL'SoME, 

f ul'sum. 

ful'sum. 

ful'sum, 

ful'sum, 

ful'sum. 

ful'sym. 

Fu'SI-BLE, 

fu'se-bl, 

fu'se-bl. 

fu'z?-bl. 

fu'ze-bl, 

fu'z?-bl. 

fu'ze-bl. 

Fu'SIL, 

fu-zee'. 

fu-zee'. 

fu'zil. 

fu-zee'. 

fu-zee'. 

fu'zil. 

GABARDINE, 

gab-ar-deen', 

gab-ar-deen'. 

gSLb'ar-deen, 

gab-ar-deen', 

gab-ar-deen'. 

gab-ar-deen'. 

GAIN-SAY', 

gane'sa, 

gane-sa', 

gane'sa, 

gane -5 a', 

gane-sa'. 

gane-sa'. 

GAL'AX-Y, 

ga'lak-s?, ' 

gal'l^k-se. 

g 9 -lak'S 9 , 

gal'I?k-S9, 

gal'lak-se. 

gal'lak-se. 

GEL'A-BLE, 

GIER'EA-GLE, 

je'l^-bl, 

ger'egl. 

jel'a-bl, 

jer'e-gl. 

je'l 9 -bl, 

jel'a-bl, 

jel'a-bl, 

jer'e-gl. 

jel'y-bl. 

GIR'AN-DOLE, 

GIR'A-SOLE, 

je'ran-dole, 

je'ra-sol, 

gla'sjs, 


je'ran-d 51 e. 

ji'r^i-sole, 

gla'sis, 

jir'a-sole, 
gla'sis, gla-seez', 

ji'rai-sole. 
gla'sis, glj-seez' 

GLACIS, 

gla'sjs, 

, gl 5 ,'sjs. 

GLAD-I-a'TOR, 

gl?-dya'tyr, 

glad-f-a'tur, 

gl 2 ld-f-a'tur, 

glad-f-a'tur, 

glad-f-a'tur, 

glad-f-a'tur. 


SYNOPSIS 


Xiv 


Webster, 

Sheridan. 

Walker. 

Perry. 

Jones. 

Fulton ^ Knight. Jameson, 

G5LD, 

goold. 

gold, goold. 

gold, go81d, 

gold. 

gold, goold. 

gold. 

GOUGE, 

gooje, 

gooje. 

gouje. 

gooje. 

gooje. 

gooje. 

Gourd, 

goord. 

gord, goord. 

goord. 

g66rd. 

goord, gord. 

goord . 

GRAN'A-RY, 

gran'9-r9. 

gran'a-re. 

gra'n^i-r?. 

gran'a-r?, 

gran'9-r?. 

gra'nfi-r?. 

GRANT'OR, 

grant'ur. 

grant-tor'. 

graiit'ur. 

grant'ur. 

gr-ant'ur. 

grant'ur. 

GRINDSTONE, 

grind'stone. 

grind'stone. 

grind'stone 

grind'stone. 

grind'stone, . 

grind St one. 

GUaIA'GUM, 

gwa'si-kum, 

gwa'yfi-kum. 

gwa'ya-kum, ■ 

gwa'ai-kum, 

gwa'9-kiim. 


GUARD, 

g^rd. 

gyard. 

gard. 

gyard. 

gyard. 

gard. 

GUIDE, 

gylde. 

gyide, 

gide. 

gylde. 

gyide, 

gide. 

GYM-NAS'TIU, 

jim-nas'tjk, 

jhn-nas'tik, 

jim-nas'tjk, 

jim-iias'tjk. 

Jim-nas'tik, 

gim-nas't}k. 

GYFSUM, 



jip'sum. 



. gip'sum. 

GYVES, 

glvs. 

jivz. 

jivz, 

jivz, 

jivz. 

jivz. 

HALCYON, 

liM'shun, 

hal'sh?-vn. 

hal'sh^-un. 

hal's?-un, 

hal'sh9-un, 

hal'sh?-un. 

HALE, V. 

hail. 

hale, hall. 

hail. 

hale. 

hale, hail. 

hale. 

HALF'-PEN-NY, 
(liap- or lia'pen-ne) 

1 ha'pen-ne. 

ha'pen-n?, 

ha'pen-n?, 

ha'pen-n?, 

ha'p?n-nf, . 

ha'p?n-n9. 

IIAL'LOO, V. i. 

hal-l&6'. 

hal-166'. 

hal-16S', 



. hall&&'. 

HARANGUE, 

ha-rang'. 

h^-rang'. 

ha-rang'. 


ha-rang'. 

ha-rang'. 

HATCH'EL, 

hak'kl, 

hak'kl. 

hatch'el, 

hak'kl. 

hakl, 

hak'kl. 

HAUNT, 

hant, haunt. 

hant. 

hant. 

hant. 

hant. 

hant. 

HkARD, 

herd. 

herd. 

herd. 



, herd. 

He'BRA-ISM, 

he brsi-izm. 

heb'ra-izm. 

he'bra-izm, 

heb'ra-izm, 

heb'ra-izm. 

he'bra-izm. 

Hebraist, 

he-bra'jst, 

heb'r^-lst. 

he'bra-ist, 

heb'ra-ist, 

heb'r^-ist, 

he'br^-ist. 

HE-GI'RA, 

hHi'r?, 

( he-ji'ra, 

\ hed'je-ra. 

1 Iie-ji'r?, 

he-ji'ra. 

hf-ji'r?, 

( h9-jl'r?i, 

( hed'j?-rai. 

HEIGHT, 

hite. 

hite, hate,' 

hite. 

hite. 

hite. 

hite. 

HEPNOUS, 

he'nus, 

ha'nus, 

ha'nus. 

ha'nus. 

ha'nus. 

he'nus. 

HEM'I-STieil, 

he-inis'tik. 

he-mis'tik. 

hem'is-tik, 

he-mib'tjk. 

li9-mis'tik. 

he-mis'tjk. 

HER-€U'LE-AN, 



her-ku'lf-an, 



her-ku-le'^n. 

HER-E-DIT'A-MENT. l 






HERESIARCH, 

he-re'sy^irk, 

h9-re'zhe-ark, 

h9-re'zh?-ark, 


h9-re'zhe-ark. 

• ••••••« 

HER'O-lNE, 

her'9-in, 

her'9-in. 

he'r9-in. 

her'9-in. 

her'9-in. 

her'9-in. 

HER'O-ISM, 

her'o-izm. 

her'9-izm. 

he'r9-izm. 

her'o-izm. 

her'9-izm. 

her'9-izm. 

HET'E-RO-CLITE, 

het-e-ro-kllte'. 

het'?r-o-klIte, 

het'e-r9-kllt, 

het'er-9-klite. 

het'9r-9-klite. 

het'9r-9-klile. 

HET-E-RO-Ge'NE-OUS. 2 






HIC'COUGH, 
HICK' UP, 

1 hik'kup, 

( hik'kup, 
( hik'k9f. 

1 hik'k9f, 

hik'kup, 

hik'kup. 

i hik'kup, 
1 hik'kof. 

HID'E-OUS, 

hid'yug. 

( hid'e-us, 

( hid'Je-us, 

1 hid'?-us. 

hid'9-u3, 

hid'yus. 

hld'9-us. 

HIEROPHANT, 

hI"-e-ro-fant', 

hl-er'9-fant. 





inSTORIFY, 

his-t8r'e-fi. 

his-tor'e-fl. 

js-tor'e-fi. 

his-tor'e-fi. 

hjs-t5r'e-fi, 

his-tSr'e-fi. 

HOxM'O-GE-NY, 

ho-mog ge-nf , 

ho-m8d'je-ne. 

ho-mod'je-ne, 

ho-mod'je-ne, 

Ii9-mod'je-n9, 

hSm'9-je-n9. 

HORIZON, 

li9-rl'zun, 

h9-rl'z9n. 

( ho-ri'zun, < 

( hor'e-zun, ! 

1 h9-ri'zun. 

h9-ri'zun. 

h9-ri'zun. 

Ho'RO-LOGE, 

h5'r9-loje. 

hor'9-lodje, 

lior'o-lodje. 

hor'9-15je. 

hor'9-lodje. 

hor'9-Ioje. 

HO-ROL'O-GY, 

lio'ro-lo-je, 

h9-rol'9-j?. 

h9-rol'9-je, 



'. ho-rol'9-j9. 

HOS'PI-TAL, 

aws'pf-t^l, 

os'pe-tal, • 

hos'pe-tal, 

avvs'p?-tal, 

os'pe-tjl, 

hos'pe-t^l. 

HOS'TLER, (hosier) 

os'lur, 

os'ler. 

ost'l?r, 

Qs'lur, 

os'ler. 

ost'lfr. 

HOUSE'WIFE, 

huz'wif. 

huz'wif. 

huz'if. 

hiiz'jf. 

huz'wif. 

huz'zif. 

HOUSE' WIFE-RY, 

huz'wif-r?, 

huz'wif-r?, 

Iiuz'jf-r?, 

hiiz'if-r?, 

huz'wif-rf. 

huz'zjf-r?. 

HOV'ER, 

hSv'ur, 

liuv'ur, 

h5v'?r. 

hiiv'ur, 

hiiv'ur. 

hov'er. 

HUM'BLE, 

iim'bl. 

iim'bl. 

iim'bl, 

iim'bl. 

iim'bl. 

hum'bl. 

HU'MOR, 

yu'mur. 

yu'mur. 

yura'ur. 

yu'mur. 

yu'mur. 

yu'mur. 

HUNDRED, 

liun'durd, 

1 hun'dred, i 

1 hun'dred, 

hiin'dr^d, 

hun'dred, 

hun'dred. 



I hun'durd, ' 


HUS'WIFE, 

liuz'zjf. 

huz'zif, 

huz'if. 

hiiz'zjf. 

hiiz'if. 

huz'zif. 

HY-DRO-PHo'BI-A, 

hI-dr9-fo-be'9, 

hI-dr9-f6'be-9, 

hi-dr9-fo'be-a. 

hi-dro-f6'b?-9. 

hi-dr9-fo'b?-a. 

hi-dr9-f6'b?-9, 

HY-ME-Ne'AL, 

him-9-ne'9l. 

hl-me-ne'^l. 

hi-m?-ne'9l. 

hi-me-ne'ul, 

hi-me-ne'fil. 

hl-in^-ne'al. 

HY-ME-Ne'AN, 

liira-9-ne'9n, 

Iii-me-nG'an, 

hi-m^-ne'^n, 

• •••«•••• 

hi-m^-ne'sin. 

hi-me-ne'an. 

HYP-0-€HON'DRl-A€. 3 






HY-POT'E-NUSE, 

hl-pot'9-nuse. 

hi-pot'e-nuse. 

hi-pot'e-nuse, 


hi-pot'e-nuse, 

hi-pot'e-nuse. 

HYS'SOP, 

hi'sup, 

hiz'zup, hi'sup. 

his'sup, 

hiz'zup. 

his'sup, hi'sup 

, hiz'zup. 

IG-NIT'I-BLE, 

Ig'n^-tlbl, 

ig-ni't9-bl. 

ig-ni't?-bl. 

ig-ni'tf-bl. 

ig-nl'tf-bl. 

ig-nl't^-bl. 

IL-LAa'UE-ATE, 

il-la'kw9-ate, 

jl-la'kW9-ate, 

il-lak'we-ate. 

il-la'kW9-ate, 

il-la'kwe-ate. 

jl-la'kwf-ate. 

IMBE-CILE, 

Im-be-seel', 

( im-bes'sil. 

im-bes's}), ) 

im-bes'sil, 

1 im-bes'sjl. 

1 im-bes'sil. 



\ im-b?-seel'. 

im-b^-sil', i 

• ’ \ 

' im-be-seel'. 

Sheridan. 

Walker. 

Perry. 

Jones. 

Fulton ^ Knight. 

Jameson. 


1 h?-red'e-ta-ment,' her-?-dit'?i-ment, her-?-dit'a-ment, 

2 liet-f r-9-ge'nyu9, het-er-p-je'rif-us, het-9-ro-jS'n$-us, 

9 hip-9-koii'drI'^k, hip>9-k5n'dr9-ak, hjp-9-k<5n'dr?-^k, 


her-e-dit'a-ment, her-e-dit'^-ment, 
het-9-r9-je'n?-us, het-9-r9-je'nyus, 
htp-9*kon'dr9-9k, Mp^-kon'dr^-^k, 


he-red'it-a-ment. 

het-e-r9-j5'n?-vs. 

hI-p9-kon'drf-9k. 


Webster. Sheridan. 

IM-Me'DI-ATE, ^ im-me'dyat, 

IM-PIERCE'A-BLE, jm-per'sibl, 

IM-PORT'ANT, im-paWt?nt, 

IM'PRE-€A-TO-RY. i 
IM-PRoTRI-A-TOR. 2 


Walker. 

jrn-pSer'sfi-bl, 

im-p6r'tant, 

im-por'tfint, 


SYNOPSIS. 

Perry. 

1 

I im-me^d?-at, 
jm-p5er's^-bl, 
im-por'tsint, 


XT 


Jones. 

im-me'd?-?t, 


Fulton 4* Knight. Jameson. 
jin-me'dyat, jm-me'd?-ate. 


jm-par'tfint, ira-p6r'tsint, 


im-peer's|i-bl. 

}m-p6r't?int. 


IM-PUGN', 

jm-pune'. 

im-pune'. 

jm-pun'. 

1 jm-pune'. 

jm-pilne'. 

jm-pune'. 

IM-PU-IS'SANCE, 

IN-AM-O-Ra'TO, 

IN-CEND'I-A-RY,* 

im-pu'js-s^ns, 

im-pu'is-sans. 

Im-pu-Is'sans, 

in-am-9-ra't9, 

[ In-sen'df-^i-r?, 

im-pu'js-suns, 

in-am-9-ra't9, 

In-sSn'de-a-r?, 

Im-pu'js-sans, 

In-am-o-rU.'t9, 

In-sen'dy^-r?, 

im-pu'js-sana. 

In-am-9-ra'to. 

In-sen'de-a-r?. 

In-sen'dy^r-?, 

j in-sen'df-a-r?, 
\ in-sen'j9-?i-re, 


) 



IN-CENS'O-RY, 

in's?n-sur-9. 

in'sen-sur-?. 


In's^n-sur-f, 

In's^nsur-?, 

jivsen'so-re. 

IN-€LlN'A-TO-RY, 

in-klI'nat-tur-9, 

in-klin'9-tur-9, 

in-kli'n9-t9*r9. 



jn-klin'9-tur-9. 

IN-€OM-MEN'SU-RA-BLE. 3 






IN-€OM-Mo'DI-OUS. 

4 






IN-€ON'DITE, 

in-k9n-dite', 

in'k9n-dlte, 

jn-kSn'dit, 

jn-kSn'dIte, 

jn-kSn'dlte, 

In'k9n-dite. 

IN-€ON-VeN'I-ENT 

5 






INDEeOROUS, 

in-d9*k5'rii3, 

( in-d§-k6'nis, 
f in-dek'9-rus. 

1 in-dek'9-n.is. 

In-dek'o-rus, 

; jn-dek'o-rus, 

' In-d^-ko'rus, 

1 in-df-ko'rus. 

IN-DISTU-TA-BLE, 

In-dls'pu-t^-bl, 

\ in-dis'pu-t^-bl, 
' in-d|s-pu'ta-bl. 

in-dis'pu-ta-bl, 
In-djs-pu tai-bl, 

1 In-dls'pu-t9-bl, 

In-dis'pu-ta-bl, 

In-dls'pu-ta-bl 

IN-DI-VID'U-AL, 

in-d?-vid'u-al. 

1 in-de-vid'ju-fil, 
1 in-de-vid'u-9l. 

1 In-de-vld'u-9l, 

In-d^-vid'u-^l, 

In-d^-vid'u-^l, 

in-de-vid'u-^l. 

INDOCIBLE, 

In-dos'i-bl, 

in-dos'9-bl. 

In-d6's9-bl, 

In-dos'se-bl, 

In-dos'e-bl, 

In-dos'e-bl. 

INDOCILE, 
IN-EX-PeD'I-ENT. e 

in-dos'sjl, 

In-dos'sjl, 

In-do'sjl, 

In-dos'sjl, 

In-dos'jl, 

in-dos'sjl. 

IN'FAN-TILE, 

IN-Fe'€UND, 

IN-Ge'NLOUS, 

In'f^n-tlle, 

in-f?-kund', 

iii-je'nyus. 

In'fjin-tlle, 

In-fek'und, 

In-je'n?-u3, 

In'fan-til, 

In-f^-kund', 

In-je'ne-us, 

in'fun-llle. 

In'f^n-tlle, 

in'fan-tile. 

In-fek'und. 

In-jG'ne-us. 

in-je'ne-us. 

In-je'nyus, 

IN'GRAIN, 

en-griine'. 

en-grane', 

en-grane', 

fn-grane'. 

?n-grane'. 

en-grane'. 

IN-GRe'DI-ENT, 

jn-grc'dzh^nt. 

jn-gre'jfiit, 

in-gre'd?-9nt. 

jn-gre'd?-ent, 

jn-gre'dy^nt, 

jn-gre'de-fnt. 

IN-HAB'ILE, 

In-hub'll, 

; In-hab ll, 

[ In-9-bGel', 

in-hab 11, 
In-^-bGGl', 

j In-hab'Il, 

in-hab '11. 


IN-IM^-CAL, 


in-Im'e-kail, 

j in-im'9-kal, , 

( jn-im'e-kul, 

jn-im'9-kal. 

jn-im'e-k^l. 


In-9-mi'k9l, 

i In-e-mi'kul, 

In-9-mi'k9l, 

in-e-mi'kal. 

IN SID'I-OUS, 

jn-6id'yus, | 

jn-sld'?-iis, 

in-sid'j9-ys, 

1 jn-sld'9-us. 

in-Sid'?-u3, 

jn-sid'yus, 

jn-sld'9-ns. 

IN'SU-LAR, 

In'su-lsir, 

in'shu-lfir, 

In'su-lfir, 

In'su-l^r, ' ^ 

In'shu-lar, 

in'su-lijr. 

IN-TER'€A-LA RY, 

in-ter'k9-lar-9. 

In-tfr-kal'Ji-r?, 

jn-ter'k^-la-r?. 

in-t9r-kal'?i-E9, 

in-t^r-kal'a-r?, 

jn-ter'kal-a-r?. 

IN'TER-€AL-ATE, 

IN-TER-LOC'U-TOR 

jn-ter'k^-lute, 

• 

jn-ter'k^i-late, 

jn-ter'kj-late, 

< 


jn-ter'ka-late. 


% 

IN'TER-PO-LATE, 

in-ter'po-lclte. 

jn-ter'p9-l3.te. 

in-ter'po-13.te. 

jn-ter'po-late. 

jn-ter'po-late. 

jn-ter'po-late. 

IN'TER-PO-LA-TOR, 

jn-ter'po-la-tur, 

jn-ter'po-la-tur, 

iii-ter'p9-la-tur. 

jn-ter'po-la-tur. 

jn-ter'p9-la-tur. 

jn-ter'p9-la-tur 

IN'TER-STICE, 


1 In't^r-stls, 

In'ter-stis, 

In't^r-stis, 

jn-ter'stjs. 

IN'VA-LID, 

in-V9-leed', 

in-v?i-lti5d'. 

in-va-lGGd', 

In-V9-leed', 

in-va-lGed', 

In-va-leed'. 

IN-VIDa-OUS, 

jn-vidzh'us, 

i jn-vld'e-u3, 
jn-vid'je-us. 

1 jn-vld'e-us. 

jn-vld'9-us. 

jn-vld'yus, 

jn-vid'9-us. 

IR-Ra'TION-AL, 

jr-rash'9-n?il. 

jr-rash'9-n9l, 

jr-r^h'o-nal. 

jr-rash'a-nul. 

jr-rash'un-?l, 

jr-rash'9-n9l. 

IRREFRAGABLE, 

jr-ref'fr^-g^-bl, | 

jr-rePfra-ga-bl, 

Ir-re-frag'9-bl, 

1 ir-re-frag'9-bl, 

jr-reffr^-ga-bl, 

jr-refr9-g9-bl, 

jr-ref'fra-g9-bl 

IR-RE-FuT/A-BLE, 

ir-r?-fu'tgi-bl, ■ 

Ir-re-fu'ta-bl, 
jr-ref u-t^-bl. 

1 Ir-r9-fu't9-bl, 

jr-ref fu-t?i-hl. 

jr-refu-t^-bl. 

Ir-r?-fu't9-bl. 

JACK'AL, 

jak'ail. 

jSLk-kail', 

j3k411', 

jak'SLll, 

jak'Oll, 

jak-ail'. 

JAL'AP, 

jol lup. 

jal'lup, 

jad'up, 

jal'lup. 

jal'ap. 

jal'lup. 

JON^aUIL, 

jun-keel', 

jun-kwil', 

jun-kwil', 

jun-kvvll', 

jun-kwil', 

jung-kwll'. 

JU'NI-OR, 

joo'nyur, 

ju'n?-ur. 

ju'ne-ur. 

ju'ne-ur. 

ju'ne-ur. 

ju'n?-ur. 

Jtj»V«-NILE, 

jii'v9-nile, 

ju'vf-nll. 

jii've-nil. 

ju'v9-nll, 

ju'v9-nll, 

ju'v9-nlle. 


Sheridan. 

J im-prek'?-tur-?, 

2 im-pro-prf-a'tur, 

3 in-kom-men'su- 

r?-bl, 

< xn-koin-mo'dyii3, 

b xn-kQn-ve'nyent, 

6 In-?ks-p5'dy?nt, 

7 r-15k'ku-tur, 


Walker. 

im'pr?-k^-tur-?, 

Im-pro-pr?-a'tur, 

in-kom-men'shu- 

ra-bl, 

in-kom-mo'd?-us, 

in-kom-mo'j?-u3, 

in-kon-vG'n?-?nt, 

in-eks-pe'd?-?nt, 

in-t?r-lok'ku-tur, 

In-t?r-l9-ku'tvr, 


Perry. Jones. 

lm'pre-kM9-i’?j ' im'pr^-k^i-tur-?, • 
im-pr6'pr?-ii-tur, T~ im-pro-pr?-a.'tur, 
in-kom-men'shu- ) in-kom-men'shu- 
rj-bl, i rat-bl, 

in-k<?m-m5'd9-us, in-kom-m6'd?-us, 


in-k9n-v5'n?-?nt, 

in-fX-pC'de-fnt, 

in-t?r-18k'u-tijir, 


in-kon-ve^ne-^nt, 

in-eks-pe'd^-^nt, 


Fulton S{ Knight. 

im'pr^-k^-tur-?, 

im-pro-pr^-a'tur, 

) in-k9in-men''shu- 
i ra-bl, 

in-k9m-m5'dyus, 

in-kon-ve^ny?nt, 

In-9X-pe'dyent, 

tn-t^r-lok u-tur, 


Jameson. 

Im'pr?-ka-tur-9. 

im-pro-pr^-a'tur. 

iii-kom-men'su- 

r?i-bl. 

In-k9m-m6'd9-us. 

'in-k9ii-v6'ne-9nt. 

in-?ks-pe'de-9nt. 

In-t^r-lok'ku-tur. 


. . <« 


xvi 


SYNOPSIS 


Webster, 

KEELSON, 

(kel'sun) 

KIND, 

KNOWL'ED6E, 

(nol'Iej) 


LA'€ON-rSM, 

LAUD'A-NUM, 

LAU'REL, 

LA^VA, 

LEAP, 

LEASH, 

LE-GaTOR, 

LEGEND, 

LEG'EN-DA-RY, 

LEG'IS-La-TIVE, 

LEGISLATOR, 

LEGIS-LaT'URE, 

LEISURE, 

LEFO-RINE, 

LEST, 

LEV'ER, 

LI-CEN'TIATE, n. 
LIE, or LYE, 

LIEu-TEN/ANT, 

Loath, or loth, 

LOOK, 

LUSTRING, 


MA€'RO-€OSM, 
MAL'eON-TENT, 
MALL, (mawl) 

MAM'MIL-LA-RY, 

MAN-KIND', 

MAN^TU-A, 

MAR-A-Na'THA, 

MA-RAUD'ER, 

mar'i Gold, 

MAR'MO-SET, 

MaR'MOT, 

MATH'E-SIS, 

MAT'RI-CIDE, 

MATRON, 

MATTvON-AL, 

MAT'U-RA-TlVE, 

MAUND'ER, 

MAU-SO-LE'UM, 

MAX'IL-LA-RY, 

MaY'OR, 

ME-DIC'I-NAL, 

MEDa-CINE, 

MED'UL-LA-RY, 

MEL'IO-RATE, 

ME-Lo'DI-OUS, 

MEMOIR, 

MEN-AG'ER-Y, 

MEN'SU-RA-BLE, 

MER'€AN-TILE, 

ME-RID'I-AN, 

MES'SIEURS, 

MET'AL-LTNE, 


Sheridan. 

Walkei'. 

Pemj. 

Jones. 

Fulton 4' Knight. Jameson 

1 keel'sun, 

kel'sun,’ 

{ keel'sun, 
( kePsun, 

1 kePsun, 

kePsun, 

keePsun. 

• 

kyind, 

kyind. 

kind. 

kyind. 

kyind. 

kind. 

1 nbl'lidzh. 

1 nol'lfdje, 
\ n6'l?dje, 

j nol'l?dje, 

nSPl?dje, 

S j nbPlfdje. 

( no'l?j, S 


Iuk'k9-nlzm, 

lak%o-nTzm, 

Ibk'o-nizin, 

lak'k9-nizm. 

lak'9-nlzm, 

lak'k9-niznt 

lod'9-num. 

lod'Vnum, 

lavv'da-num. 

lod^d^-num. 

lod'9-num. 

lod'dgi-nuni. 

lor'ril. 

lor^rjl. 

law'rel. 

lor'ril, 

lor'el. 

lor'rel. 


. la'va, 




la'va. 

lep, 

leep. 

leep, 

leep. 

leep. 

leep. 

lees. 

leesh, 

leesh. 

leesh. 

leesh. 

leesh. 

leg-ga-tor', 

leg-gHor', 

le-ga'tur. 



leg-g9-tor'. 

le'j^nd, 

le'j^nd. 

le'j^nd. 

le'j^nd, 

le'j?nd. 

le'jend. 


. led'jen-da-r?, 

lej'?n-dci-re, 

• •»•••••• 


le'jen-da-r?. 

lej'js-lai-tiv. 

led'jis-la-tiv. 

lej'js-la-tiv. 

led'j}S-l§.-tiv, 

lej'js-la-tiv. 

le'jis-la-tiv. 

lej'is-la-tur. 

led'jis-la-tur. 

lej-}s-la'tur. 

led'jis-la-tur. 

lej'is-la-tur. 

le'jjs-la-tur. 

lej'is-la-chur, 

led'jjs-la-chure. 

lej-is-la'tur. 

^ Ibd'jjs-la-ture, 

lej'js-la-tur. 

le'jis-late-yur. 

le^zliur. 

le'zhure, 

le'zhur. 

le'zhur. 

le'zhur. 

le'zhur. 

le'po-rine. 

lep'po-rine. 

lep'9-rln. 

lep'p9-rlne, 

lep'9-rlne, 

Iep'p9-rlne. 

lest, leest, 

lest, leest. 

lest. 

Igst, 

lest. 

lest. 

le'vur. 

le'vur. 

le'vur. 

le'vur. 

le'ver. 

le'ver. 

ll-sen'shet, 

ll-sen'sli9-ate. 

ll-sen'she-9t, 

ll-sen'she-at. 

li-sen'shf-ate, 

ll-sen'she-ate, 

^le. 

li? 

le, 



11. 

lif-ten^nant. 

lev-ten'nant. 

liv-ten'^nt. 

liv-ten'nunt. 

j liv-ten'ant. 

1 lu-ten'ant. 




’ 1 

( lu-ten'^nt, 


loth, 

loth. 

loth. 

loth. 

loth. 

loth. 

luk. 

16ok, 

Ifik, 

luk. 

18ok, 

18ok. 

lute^strxng, 

luS'Strlng, 


. lus'tring, 

lustring, 

lus'tring. 


m&'kr9-kozm, 

m5L'kr9-kozm, 

m&'kro-kozm. 

ma'kr9-kozm, 

ma'kr9-kozm. 

mak'r9-kozm. 

mal-k9n-tent'. 

male-k9n-tent'. 

mal-k9n-tent'. 

male-k9n-tent'. 

male-k9n-tbnt', 

mal-k9ii-tent'. 

mal. 

mel. 

mall. 

man. 

mal. 

mall, mel. 

m^m-miP^-r?, 

mam'mjl-l9-rt. 

( m^m-miPa-r?, 
( mam'mjl-9-r9. 

1 mam'mil-l^-r?, 

niam'jl-lair-r?, 

mam'mjl-la-r?. 

man-kind', 

man-kyind'. 

man-kind'. 

man-kyInd', 

mari-kyind'. 

man-kind'. 

man'tsi. 

man'chu-9. 

mSin'tu, 

man'tu-9. 

man'tu-si. 

man'tu-a. 

ma-ran'9-tha. 

rnar-a-nath'9, 

• ••••••«• 

mar-a-nath'9, 

mar-9-nath'9, 

mar- 9 -nath' 9 . 


m^-ro'dur, 

m^-ro'd^r. 

m?-raud'ur. 

mar-aud'er. 

m^-raw'd^r. 

ma'r?-g 61 d. 

mar'r 9-gold, 

mar'9-gold. 

niar'e-gold. 

mar'9-gold. 

m 5 ,r' 9 -g 51 d. 

mar-ni9-zet', 

m^r-moot', 

mai-the'sis, 

mar-m9-zbt', 

m^r-moot', 

m^-the'sjs, 

mir-m9-zet', 

m^r-mot', 

m^-the'sjs, 

mar'm9-zbt. 

mar-m9-zet'. 

mar-m9-zet'. 

mar'm9t. 

( m^-the'sjs, 
t math'9-sis. 

ma-the'sjs. 

m9-the's}s, 

mat'tr^-slde, 

mat'tr^-slde, 

ma'tre-side, 

niat'tr9-slde. 

mat'tr9-slde. 

mat'tr^-slde. 

ma trun. 

ma'trun. 

ma'trun , 

ma'trun. 

ma'tmn. 

ma'trun. 

ma'triin-ail. 

< mat'r9-n9l. 

ma'trun-al, 

1 

< mat'r9-n9l. 

1 ma'tr 9 -n 9 l. 

( m^-tro'nal. 

mat'run-9l. 

i 

( m^-tro'nal. 

nia-tu'ra-tiv, 

mach'u-raL-tiv, 

m^-tu'ra-tiv. 

mach'u-ra-tiv. 

mat'u-ra-tiv. 

mat'u-ra-tiv. 

mawn'der, 

man'dur. 

niiLwn'der, 

mawn'der. 

man'dur. 

man'der. 

maW-S9-le'uni, 

ma\v-S9-le'um, 

moivv-S9-le'um, 

maw-S9-le'9m, 

niaW-S9-le'um, 

maw-S9-le'um- 

maks'jl-l^r-?. 

maks'il-lar-9. 

maks'}l-la-r9, 

maks'}l-lEir-9, 

maks'jl-l^r-re. 

maks'il-lar-9. 

mar. 

ma'ur. 

ma'ur. 

ma'ur. 

ma'ur. 

ma'ur. 

m9-dis'jn-9l, 

med-^-sI'n?!, 

me-dis'9-ngil, ( 
med-9-sI'nsil, ! 

1 m9-dis'9-n?il, | 

1 me-dis'9-nal, 
f med-9-sI'nal, 

1 m9-dis'9-nal, 

( ni9-dis'9-nal, 
( med-e-sl'nfil. 

med'sin. 

med'd^-sin. 

med'e-sin, 

med'9-sin. 

med'9-sin. 

med'de-sin. 

m9-duPlur-9, 

med'ul-lfir-9, 

m^-duPla-r?, 



med'ul-lar-9. 

me'ly 9-rate, 

me'l9-9-rate. 

me'l9-9-rate. 

mS'l9-9-rate, 

me'ly9-rate. 

me le-9-rate. 

mf-lo'dzhus, 

( me-lo'd^-us, 
( m9-lo'j9-us. 

1 mf-lo'de-us. 

mg-lS'df-us, 

m9-lo'dyus, 

m9-lo'd9-us. 

me-mbir', 

me'invv 3 ir, 

m9-moir', 

mem'war, 

men-a.zhe-ur-e', 

men'shu-r9-bl. 

mem'oir, , 

ni9-moir', " ' 

m^-n’cL'zhj^r?, 
men'shu-ra-bl, 

1 mem'war. 

( me-mwar', 
( mem'war. 

me-moir', 
mem'war. 
men-'azh-9r-S' . 
men'su-r^-bl. 

men'shur-ai-bl. 

men'shu-rai-bl. 

men'shu-r^-bl. 

mer'kjn-tlle. 

mer'k^n-til. 


mer'kun-til. 

mer'kan-til. 

mer'kan-til. 

m?-ridzh'un. 

( m9-rid'?-an, 

( m9-rid'je-9n, 

1 m^-rid'e-^n. 

m9-rid'9-un. 

m?-rid'yan, 

m?-rid'9-9n. 

mes'surz. 

( mesh'shoorz, , 
1 mbsh-shoorz', ! 

1 mes'seerz. 

mesh-shoorz'. 

mesh'urz. 

mesh'sheerz. 

m^-tal'lln. 

met't^l-llne. 

met'^il-line. 

met'tul-line. 

met'^l-lln. 

1 me-taPlIne, 
« mSt'^l-llne. 


SYNOPSIS 


xvu 


Webster. 

Sheridan. 1 

Walker. 

Perry. 

Jones. 

Fulton <$• Knight 

. Jameson. 

METALLURGY, 

met-tail-lur'dzhe 

, met'tal-lur-jf. 

met'al-ur-jf. 

my-tal'ur-j?. 

met'yl-lur-je. 

met-tal'lur-jy. 

Me'TE-OR, 

me-tyur, 

j me't?-ur, 

1 me'ch^-ur. 

1 me'te-ur. 

me'te-ur. 

me'tyur. 

me'te-ur. 

METONYMY, 

met'9-nim-9, | 

me-ton'e-me, 

met'9-nim-9. 

1 m?-ton'9-m?. 

m?-ton'9-m?. 

my-tou'y-my, | 

m?-ton'y-my, 

met'o-nim-y. 

MEZ-ZO-TINT'O, 

met-s9-tin't9. 

met-S9-tin't9, 

met-S9-tin't9, 

met-sy-tin'ty. 

met-sy tin'ty. 

met-zy-tin'ty. 

MTASM, 

MICH'ER, 

mi'azm, 

mich'ur, 

ml'kry-kozm. 

mi'^izm, 

mi'chur, 

mi'kry-kozm. 

mich'ur, 

mi'kry-kozm. 

mich'ur, 

mi'kry-kozm, 

mi'chyr. 

mi'kry-kozm. 

me'yzin. 

MIGROeOSM, 

mi'kry-kozm. 

MI-GROG/RA-PHY, 

ml'kry-graf-?. 

mi-krog'ra-f?. 

mi-krog'ra-fe. 

mi-krog'ra-fy. 

mi-krog'ra-fe. 

mi-krog'ra-fe. 

MI€ROS€OPE, 

ml'kry-skope. 

mi'kry-skope. 

ml'kry-skope. 

mi'kry-skope. 

mi'kry-skope. 

mi'kry-skope. 

MID'WIFE-RY, 

mid'wif-r?. 

mid'wif-r?. 

mid'wif-r?. 

mid'\vif-re. 

mid'wif-re. 

mid'if-ry. 

MIN^A-TO-RY, 

mi'na-tur-9. 

min'na-tur-?, 

min'a-ty-r?. 

min'na-tur-y. 

min'y-tur-y. 

mi'ny-tur-y. 

MIN'IA-TURE, 

min'jt-chur. 

min'e-ture. 

min'9-a-ture, 

min'y-ture. 

min'e-ture, 

min'y-ture. 

MIN'UTE, 

min 'nit, | 

1 min'nit, 

1 min'nute. 

1 min'ute. 

min'nute. 

min'ut. 

min'nute.'* 

MIS'CEL-LA-NY, 

mis's^l-l^n-e. 

mis'sfl-l^n-f, 

mis'sel-l9-ne. 

mis'sel-lan-y. 

mis's?l-lyn-9. 

mis'syl-lyn-y. 

MIS'CHIE-VOUS, 

mis'cl)9-vus. 

mis'che-vus. 

( mis'ch^-vus, j 
\ mis-cheev'us, ! 

1 mis'chy-vus. 

mis'chy-vus. 

mis'che-vus. 

MI-S06'Y-NY, 

ml-sog'9-ne, 

m?-sod'je-ne. 

m^-sod'jf-n?. 

my-sod'jy-ne, 

my-soj'y-ny. 

mis-odj'y-ny. 

Mo'BlLE, 

mo'bil. 

my-beel'. 

my-beel'. 



my-beel'. 

MOB'LE, 

MON'AD, 

inob'bl, 

mon'n?d, | 

mo'bl, 

mon'n^d. 

1 mon'ad. 

mo'bl, 

mbn'nyd, 

mo'bl, 

mon'yd. 

mob'bl. 

mo'n^d. 


MON'AS-TER-Y, 

mon'n9S-t?r-r?, | 

mon'n^-stre, 

mon'nas-t?r-9. 

1 mon'sis-ter-e, 

mon'ny-stre. 

( mon'as-tre, 1 

( mon'as-ter-e, S 

mon'as-tcr-y. 

MO-NOFTOTE, 

mon'nyp-tote, | 

, mon'nyp-tote, 
my-nop'tote, 

mbn'yp-tote, J 
my-nop'tote, i 

1 my-nop'tote. 

mon'yp-tote, 

mon'nyp-tote. 

MY, 

ml, me, 

ml, me. 

mi, my, 


me, mi. 

mi. 

NXmON-AL, 

nash'un-yl, 

nasli'un-9l. 

nash'un-yl. 

nAsh'un-ul, 

nash'un-yl. 

nAsh'un-yl. 

NAT'U-RAL, 

nat'chur-el. 

nat'chu-r^l. 

nat'ur-al. 

nat'chu-rul. 

nat'u-ral, 

nat'u-ral. 

Na'TURE, 

na'chur. 

na'chure. 

na'ture. 

na'chur. 

na'ture. 

nate'yur. 

NE’ER, 

neer. 

nare. 

nAre, 



nare. 


NE-Go'TIA-TOR, 

NEP'O-TISM, 


n^-go-sha^tur, 

ne'po-tizm, 


n?-g6'sli?-a-tur, ne-go'sh?-a-tur, 
nep'9-tizm, ne'po-tizm, 


nep'o-tizm, 


nep'9-tizm. 


No'MEN-€LA-TURE. 1 
NONE, 

NOOSE, (nooz) 
NOT'A-BLE, 


nun, 

nooz. 


null, 

noose, 


NOTH'ING, 

No'VEN-A-RY, 


not'te-bl, 

nuth'ing, 

n9-ven'n9r-9, 


no't9-bl, 

not'a-bl, 

niUh'jng, 

nov^?n-a-r?. 


nun, 

noose, 

ii6't9-bl , 

iiuth'ing, 

nov'?n-9-r9, 


nun, 

nooze, 


no'tgi bl, 
nuth'ing. 


nun, 


nooze, 

n6't?i-bl, 

not'9-bl, 

nuth^ing. 


ne-go'she-a-tur. 


nun. 

nooze. 

no't9-bl, 

not'a-bl. 

nuth'ing. 

nov^en-a-r?. 


OB'DU-RATE, 

yb-du'ret, | 

( ob'ju-rate, 

! yb-du'rate. 

1 yb-du'rat. 

yb-du'ryt, 

( ob'du-rate, ) 

1 yb-du'rate, 1 

0-Be'DI-ENCE, 

y-be'dzhyns. 

9-be'jy-yns, 

y-be'dy-yns. 

y-be'dy-yns. 

y-be'dyens. 

0-BeI'SANCE, 

y-be'sans. 

y-ba'sans. 

y-be'sans. 

y-ba'zuns. 

y-ba'sans. 

OB'LI-GA-TO-RY. 

bb"ly-gai-tur'e. 

ob'ly-ga-tur-re. 

ob'le-gy-tyry. 

bb'ly-gy-tur-e, 

bb'le-gy-tur-y. 

0-BLlGE', 

( y-blidje', 

( y-bleedje'. 

y-blidje', 

y-bleedje'. 

y-bleedje', i 

y-blidje'. 

1 y-bleedje'. 

j y-blidje', ) 

( y-bleedje', ) 

OB-LiaUE', 

yb-like', 

ob-like'. 

yb-leek', yb-like', yb-leek'. 

yb-like'. 

OB-SO-LeTE', 

ob'sy-lyt. 

ob'sy-lete, 

ob'sy-let. 

ob'sy-lete. 

ob'sy-lete, 

0€'TO-6E-NA-RY, 


yk-todje'e-na-re. 

yk-todje'y-ny-ry, 



O'DI-OUS, 

6'dzhus, 

6'dy-us, 6'je-us, 

6'de-us, 

6'dy-us, 

6'dyus, 

Oe-IL'IAD, 

y-e'lyyd. 

y-il'yad. 

ale'yyd. 

y-il'y-ad. 

y-il'yad. 

OPH-THAL'Mie, 

yf-thai'mjk. 

yp-thal'mjk, 

y-pin-ye-a'tyr, 

yp-pune'yr. 

yp-thal'mik, 

y-pin-y-a'try. 

yp-pun'yr, 

yp-thal'mik. 


0-PIN-IA'TRE, 

y-pin-nya’try, 
1 yp-pug'nyr, 


OP-PUGN'ER, 



(op-pu'ner) 



OP'TA-TIVE, 

6p'ta-tiv, 1 

op'ta-tiv, 1 

yp-ta'tjv, i 

1 5p'ty-tiv, 

5p'ty-tiv, 

5p'ta-tiv, 

)R'AN-GER-Y, 

y-rAwn'zhyr-y, 

y-rAwn'zhyr-y, 

or'an-jy-ry, 

y-ran'zhyr-y. 

y-rawn'zhyr-y. 

)R'€HES-TRA, 


yr-kes'tra, 

br'kys-try, 
1 or'dy-yl, 



OR'DE-AL, 

Ar'dyal, j 

1 6r'dy-al, ( 

' or'jy-yl, * 

6r'dy-ul, 

ir'dy-?l. 

OR'DI-NA-RY, 

1 Ar'de-nyr-ry, 
\ Ar'ner-ry, 

6r'dy-na-ry, j 

6rd'ny-ry, 1 

1 or'dy-ny-ry, | 

-6r'dy-ny-ry, 

6rd'na-ry, 

Ar'dy-nar-y, > 

6rd'na-ry, ) 


9b-du'rate. 

9-be'de-?ns. 

9-ba's9ns. 

ob'le-g9-tur-e. 

9-bildje', 

9b-leek'. 

bb^so-lete. 

ok't9-j?-nai\r?. 

o'd^'US. 

9p-thaPinik. 

9p-pune/?r. 

6D'ta-txv^ 

* • 

or^an-jfr-? 

or-kes'trgi. 

brM?-?!. 


Sheridan. 


Walker. Perry. Jones. Fulton Sf Knight. Jimeson. 

n5-m?n-kla'chyr, n5m-?n-kla'chure, no-m?n-kla'turo, no-mfii-kla'ture, nSin-^n-kla'tur, no ni^n-klate'yyr 


xviii SYNOPSIS. 


JVebster, 

Sheridan. 

Walker. 

Perry. 

Jones. 

Fulton ^ Knight. Jameson. 

OR'THO-E-PY, 

• •••••••• 

6Ptho-e-pe, 

or'thy-e-pe, 

6r'tho-f-p?, 

( or-tho'?-p^, 
( 6r'tho-e-pe, 

1 6r'th9-?-p?. 

OYES, 

6-yis', 

o-yis', ; 

6-yes^, 

• •••••••• 

6-yes', 

6'ya. 

PAC-IF-I-€a'TOR, 

p?is-slP?-ka-tur, 

pS5-sjf-fe-ka^tur 

, pas-e-fe-ka'tyr, 


• •• •• 

pa-sif'f-ka-tur. 

Pa^CEANT, 

padzh'ent, 

pad'junt. 

pa'jynt. 

pad'jynt, 

paj'ant. 

j pa'j 9 -ynt, 
1 pad'jent. 

Pa'GEANT-RY, 

padzlPfn-lrc, 

pad'jun-tre, 

paj'ant-r?. 

pad'jyn-tre, 

paj'ant-r?. 

j pa'je-yn-tr?, 
( pad'jen-tr?. 

PAN-E-6YR/I€, 

pan-ne-dzer'rjkj 

, pan-n?-jer'rjk. 

pan-e-jir'ik. 

pan-e-jir'ik. 

pan-^-jir'ik} 

pan-e-jer'jk. 

PAP/IL-LA-RY, 

pa-piPl?r-?, 

pap'il-ly-re. 

py-piPla-r?, 

pap'pil-y-re, 

pap'il-lyr-?. 

pap'pil-ai-re. 

PAP/IL-LOUS, 

pa-pii'ius, 

py-piMus, 

pa-piPlys, 



pa-pil'lys. 

PA-RAL'O-GISM, 

par'r?i-I?-dzhizm,par-ral'o-jizin, 

py-ral'o-jizm, 

pyr-raPo-jizm, 

pyr-al'y-jlzm, 

par-al'y-jizm. 

PaST'Y, 

pas'te, 

pas't?, 

pas't?. 

pas^t?, 

pas'te. 

pas'te. 

PAT/ENT, 

pat'ent, 1 

1 pSit'ent, 
[ pa'tent, 

1 pat'?nt, 

• 

pat'tent. 

pat'ent. 

{ pat'?nt, 
( pa't^nt. 

PATRIOT, 

pa'tryut. 

pa'tre-ut. 

pa'tre-yt, 

pa'tre-yt, 

pa'tr?-yt. 

pa'tr^-ut. 

PATRON, 

pa'trun, 

pa'trun, 

pa'tryn. 

pa'tryn, 

pa'tryn, 

pa'tryn. 

PAT'RO-NAL, 

pa-tro'nal, 

pat^ry-n^il. 

pat'ryn-yl, 

pat'ro-nul, 

pat'ro-n^il, 

py-tio'nyl. 

PAT'RON-ESS, 

pat'tro-nis, 

pa'trun-es, 

pa'tryn-?s. 

pa'tryn-es. 

pa'trun-es. 

pa'tryn-fs. 

PAUNCH, 

pawnch, 

palish, 

pansh, 

pancli, 

pansh, 

pansh. 

PE-€uL'IAR, 

p?-ku'lyer. 

p?-ku'l?-ur, 

pe-ku'lf-yr, 

pe-ku'le-yr, 

p?-ku'lyar, 

P9-ku'lf-er. 

PE-€uN'IA-RY, 

p?-ku'nyer-?. 

p?-kuhi?-ur-?, 

p?-ku'ne-y-re. 

p?-ku'n?-er-e. 

pe-ku'nyyr-?, 

pe-ku'n?-a-r?. 

PED'ALS, 

pe'dels, j 

i ped'dyls. 

1 pe'dalz, 

ped'dyls. 

ped'ylz. 

{ pe'dylz. 


: pe'dfils, 

( ped'dylz. 

PE-DO-BAP/TISM, 

pe-do-bap'tizm, 

ped-do-bap'tizm, pe-do-bap'tizm, 



pe-dy-bap'tizirv 

PEN'NY-WoRTH, 

pen'ng-wurth, < 

i pen'n?-wurth. 

f pen^ne-wurth, * 

[ pen'ne-wurth, 

pen'n?-wurth. 

1 pen'n^-wurth. 



f pen'nurth, 


f pen'nyrth, 

pen'nyrth. 

PEN'TE-COST, 

pen't^-koste, 

pen'te-koste, 

pen't?-kost, 

pen'tf-koste, 

pen't?-k6ste, 

pen'te-kost. 

PER-Du'RA-BLE, 

per'du-ra-bl, 

per'du-ra-bl, 



per'dy-ry-bl. 

per'du-ra-bl. 

PER'EMP-TO-RY, 

per'r?m-tur-?, | 

[ per^r?m-tur-?, 
\ p?r-rem'to-re, 

per-emp'to-r?, i 
pgr'emp-to-ry, ' 

1 per'rem-tyr-?. 

per'fm-tyr-?, 

( per'?mp-tyr- 9 , 
( per-em'to-r?. 

PERFECT, V. 

perTjkt, 

per'f?kt. 

per'fpkt. 

per'ffkt. 

pcr'f?kt, ' 

( per'f^kt, 

1 p?r-f6kt'. 

PER-FUME', 

per^fume, 

perTume, 

^ p?r-fume', j 

( per'fume, ! 

1 per'fume, 

per'fume. 

per'fume. 

PER-FUN€^TO-RY, 

per'funk-tyr-?, 

p?r-f iink'tur-?, 

p?r-f unk'to-r?, 

p?r-funk'tur-f, 

p?r-funk'tyr-?. 

• ••••••• 

PER-MIT/, 

per'injt, 

per'mjt, 

p§r-mit', 

per'mit, 

per'mit, 

P9r-mit'. 

PER'SPI-RA-BLE, 

per-spl'r?bl, 

p?r-spi'ry-bl, 

p?r-spl^ra-bl, 

p?r-spi'ry-bl, 

Pfr-spi'ry-bl, 

P9r-spl'ry-bl. 

PER/SPI-RA-TIVE, 

p?r-spl^r?-tiv, 

per-spl'ra-tiv, 

per-spl'ra-tiv, 

• •••••••• 

p?r-spl'ry-tiv. 

p^r-spi'ry-tiv. 

PER'TUR-BATE, 

per-tur'bate, 

p?r-tur'bate, 

p?r-tur^bate. 

p?r-tur'bate, 

p?r-tur'bate, 

per-tur'bate. 

Pe'TAL, 

pet^yl, 

pentyl, pet'yl, 

pet'yl, 

pe'tyl, pet'yl, 

pet'yl, pe'tal, 

pe'tyl. 

PHALANX, 

fa'lanks, | 

fa'lynks, 

fal'ynks, 

fa'lynks, 

fa'lanks, 

1 f a'lynks. 



f aPynks, 

fa'lynks, 

faJ'ynks, 

fSll'finks, 

PHAR-MA-CEU'TIC, 

, f ar-my-ku'tik, 

far-ma-su'tjk, 




far-ma-su'tik. 

PHI'LO-MEL, 

fiPo-mel, 

fiPo-mel, 

fiPo-mel, 

f iPo-inel, 

fil' 9 -mel, 

fi'ly-mel. 

PHLEG-MAT'IC, 

fleg'm?i-tik, 

fleg'my-tik, 

fleg-mat'jk, 

fleg'ma-tik. 

fl?g-mat'ik. 

fleg'my-tik. 

PHLO-GIS'TON, 

flo-gis'tyn, j 

flo-jls^ton, 

flo-jis'tyn. 

flo-jis'ton. 

fl 9 -jis'ton, 

fly-jis'tyn. 


fly-gis'tpn, 

flo-gis'tyn. 

fly-gis'ton, 

fl 9 -gis't 9 n, 

fly-gis'tyn. 

PHRE-NET'IC, 

fren'e-tik, 

fre-net'jk, 

fr?-net'jk, 

fr?-net'ik, 

frf-net'ik, 

fre-net'jk. 

PHYS-I-OG/NO-MY, 

f iz-e-og^no-m?, 

fizh-?-og'no-me 

, f iz-?-og/ny-ni?, 

fiz-f-og'ny-m?, 

fiz-9-og'n9-m9, | 

f iz-e-og'ny-me , 
f iz- 9 -on' 9 -m?. 

PHYS-I-OL'O-GY, 

fiZ-?-oPo-je, 

fizh-?-oP<?-j?, 

fiz-e-oPy-j?, 

fiz-?-ol' 9 -j?, 

fiz-e-ol' 9 -j?. 

flz-^-ol'y-j?. 

PIERCE, 

pers, 

pe6rs, pers, 

peers, 

peers, pers. 

peers, pers, 

peers. 

PLa^CA-BLE, 

pla'k^ibl, 

pla'ka-bl, 

plak'y-bl, 

pla'ka-bl, 

pla'ky-bl, 

pla'ka-bl. 

PLa^GIA-RY, 

pla'dzh?r*?, 

pla'j^-r?, 

pla'j?-?i-r?, 

pla'dj?-y-r?, 

pla'jy-ar- 9 , 

pla'je-y-re. 

PLA-TI'NA, 


plat'?-na, 




plat' 9 -ny. 

PLa'TO-NIST, 


plat'o-nist, 

plat'y-nist, 



pla'ty-nist. 

PLeHADS, (ple'yadz) pll'sidz, 

ple'yadz, 

ple'yydz, 

ple'ydz, 

ple'yydz, 

pla'yydz. 

PLe'NA-RY, 

pleri'n?r-?) | 

plen'a-r?, i 

1 plen'y-r?, 

plcn'?i-r?. 

plen'y-r?, 

ple'ny-r?. 

' 

ple'n?.-r?, ' 





PLEN/TE-OUS, 

plen'chus, 

plen'ch?-us, 

plen't?-ys. 

plen't?-ys, 

plen'tyus. 

plen't 9 -ys. 

PLIC'A-TURE, 

pll'ka-choor, 

plik'a-chare, 

pll'ka-ture, 



plxk'y-ture. 

POIGN'ANT, ) 

pw6e'n?nt, 

po^'naint, 

p6?'n?int. 

p\v6?'nynt. 

pw6?'n?int. 

pof'nynt. 

(poin'ant) 5 





pol'l 9 -th 9 -izm 

POL'Y-THE-ISM, 

pol-l?-the'izm, 

pol'l?-tli?-izni, 

pol-le-theizm. 

pol'I?-th?-izm,’ 

pol'e-th?-izm, 

POS'SESS, 

puz-zes', 

pyz-zes', 

poz-zes', * 

poz-zes', 

P9Z-zes', 

P9Z-zes'. 

POS-SESS'O-RY, 

poz'z?s-sur-?, 

poz'z?s-sur-?, 

poz'z?s-so-r?. 

poz-zes'syr-?. 

poz'zes-syr- 9 . 

poz'z?s-syr-?. 

POSTTIU-MOUS, 

post'hu-mus, 

post'hu-mus, 

post'hy-mys. 

post'hu-mys, 

p6st'hy-inys, 

post'hu-mys. 

PGS-TILL'ION, ) 

p5s-tiPlyun, 

pos-tiPyun, 

pos-tiPyyn, 

p5s-til'yyn, ’ r 

p6s-til'yun. 

p5s-til'yun. 

» (pos-tiPyun) J 



puth'^r,! 


POTH'EB, 

putlPer, 

putli'er, 

puth'?r,^ 

puth'fr,'^ 

poth'?r. 

POUR, . 

p66'in*> 

pour, 

poor, 

poor, 

pur, pore, powr, pore. 


SYNOPSIS 


XIX 


fVebster. 

PRE'FEC-TURE, 

PRELACY, 

PRELATE, 

PRELUDE, 

PReMTER, 

PREM-U-NI'RE, 

PRE'SaGE, 

PRESCIENCE, 

PRETEXT', 

PRI-MOR'DI-AL, 

PRI'VA-CY, 


Sheridan. 

pre'fek-chur, 

prel'les-e, 

prel'Ift, 

prel'lude, 

prein'yer, 

prem'mu-nl-re, 

pres'sadzh, 

pre'shens, 

pre-tekst', 

prl-mor'dzhel, 

priv've-se, 


priv'va-tiv, 

pr 5 'ba-tur-e. 


PRIV'A-TiVE, 

PRO'BA-TO-RY, 

PROCEEDS', 

PRO'CU-RA-CY, 

PRo'FlLE, 

PROG-RESS', V. 

PRO'LIX, 

PRO-LO-€u'TOR, 

PRo'LOGUE, 

(pro'log) 

PRO-MUL-Ga'TOR, pro-mul'gu-tur, 

PRO-NUN-CI-a'TION. i 
PRO-PI-TI-a'TION, J 2 
( pro-pis-e-a'shun . ) 


prok'ku-res-e, 

pro-feel', 

prog'gris, 

pr<?-liks', 

prbl'o-ku-tur, 

prol'lug. 


Walker. 
pref'f?k-ture, 
prel'la-se, 
prel'4t, 
prel'ude, 
preme'yer, 
prem'mu-nl-ie, 

pres'sadje, 

pre'she-?ns, 

pre-tekst', 

I pri-mor'de-al, 

! prl-m6r'je-al, 
pri'va-se, 

; priv'a-se, 
priv'a-tiv, 
prob'a-t«t-e, 
pro-seedz', 
prok'u-ra-se, 
pro'f il, pro-feel', pro-feel', 


Perry. 

Jones. 

Fulton ^ Knight. Jameson. 

pre-fek'ture. 

pref'fek-ture. 

pref'ek-ture. 

pre'fek-ture. 

prel'9-se, 

prel'l^-se. 

prel'9-se, 

prel'l^-s?. 

prel'at. 

prel'let, 

prel'at. 

prel'lat. 

prel'ude. 

prel'ude. 

prel'ude. 

prel'ude. 

pre'me-^r. 

prem'yer. 

pre'myer. 

preme'yer. 

prem'u-ni-re. 

prem'mu-ni-re. 

prem'u-ni-re, 

prem'mu-nl-r?. 

prSs'aje, - 

1 pres'sadje, 
! pre'sadje. 

pres'aje, \ 

pre-Saje', ! 

1 pres'saje. 

presh'ens. 

pre'she-ens. 

pre'she-ens. 

pre'she-fns. 

pre-tekst'. 

1 pre-tekst', i 

[ pre'tekst, ! 

1 pr9-tekst'. 

pre-tekst'. 

pri-mor'de-al. 

pri-mor'de-ul. 

pri-mor'de-^l. 

pri-mor'de-^l. 

prI'va-se, | 

> pri'va-se, 
' prlv'9-se. 

pri'va-se, j 

priv'a-se, ! 

1 pri'v9-s?. 

prl'va-tiv. 

priv'fi-tiv. 

priv'a-tiv. 

priv'v^iv. 


pro'ba-to-r^, 

prok'u-ra-se, 


prog'gres, 

pro-liks', 

prol-o-ku'tur, 

prol'log, 

prom-iil-ga'tur. 


prog'res, 

pr9-liks', 

pro-lo-ku'tur. 


prbl'og, 

-ga'tur, 

pro-mul'ga-tur, ^ 


pro -feel', 
prog'gres, 
pro-1 iks', 
pr9-lok'ku-tur, 

prol'log. 


pro-feel', 

prog'res, 

pro-liks', 

pro-lok'u-tur. 


prob'a-tur-e. 

pro'seedz. 

prok'u-r^-s?. 

pro'f eel. 

pro'gres. - 

pro-liks'. 

pro-lo-ku'tur. 

pro'log. 




prol'og, 

prom -ul -ga'tur, pro-mul-ga'tur. 


PRO-Pi"TIA-TO-RY. 






PRO-So'DI-AN, 

pr9S-s6'dyeii, 

• •••••••• 

pr9-sbd'e-an, 

pro-so'de-un. 

pr9-so'dy9n. 

pr 9 S- 6 'de- 9 n. 

PRO'TA-SIS, 


pr9-ta'sis. 

pr9-ta'sjs. 



. pro'ta-sis. 

PRO'TEST, 71 . 

pr9-test'. 

pr9-test', pibt'est, pi^-test'. 

pro'test. 

prq-test'. 

pro'test. 

PRO-VoST', (pro-vo') 

|pr9-v6', 

( prov'vust. 

prov'vust, 

pr9-v5'. 

1 prov'ust. 

prov'vust. 

( pr9-v5', 

1 prov'vust. 

1 prov'vust. 

PRO'VOST-SHIP, 

prbv'vust-sliip, 

prov'vust-ship. 

prov'ust-ship. 



. prov'vust-ship. 

PROW, 

pro. 

prou, pro. 

prou. 

prou. 

prou. 

pro. 

PROW'ESS, 

prou'is. 

prou'es, pro'is. 

prou'es. 

prou'es. 

prou'es. 

prou'es. 

PTIS'AN, (tiz'an) 

tjz-zan', 

tiz-zan'. 

tiz'an. 

tiz'zun, 

tiz-an'. 

tiz-zan'. 

PO'IS-SANCE, 

pu'is-s^ns. 

( pu'is-s^ns, 
i pu-is'sans. 

1 pu-is's^ns. 

pu'js-sans, 

pu'is-sans. 

pu'is-sans. 

PUM'ICE, 

pu'mjs. 

pu'mis, pum'mis 

, pum'js. 

pu'mis. 

pu'mis. 

pum'mis. 

PUSTULE, 

PUT, 

PYG'ME-AN, 

pus'chul, 

put, 

pig-me'^n. 

pus'chule, 
put, put, 
pig-me'an. 

piis'tule, 

put, 

pig'm9-an. 

pus'chule. 

pus'tule. 

pus'tule. 

put. 

pig-me'an. 




PYRITES, 

pe-ri'tez, 

( pe-ri'tez, 
1 pir'e-tez. 

pir'e-tez, , 

pe-ri'tez, 1 

1 pe-ri'tez, 

pe-ri'tez, 

pe-ri'tez. 

P?'RO-MAN-CY, 

pl'r9-man-se. 

pir'9-man-se, < 

i pe-rom'911-se, 1 
! pir'9-man-se, ! 

1 pir'9-man-se. 

plr'9-man-se, 

pi'r 9 -m 3 .n-S 9 . 

PYR' 0 -TE€H-NY, 

pi'r9-tek-n9. 

pir'9-tek-ne. 

pir-9-tek'n?. 

pir'9-tek-ne. 

pir'9-tek-n9. 

pi'r9-tek-nf. 

aUAL'I-FY, 

kwal'e-fi. 

kv/ol'e-fi, 

kwol'e-fi. 

kwol'e-fi, 

kw 61 '?-f i, 

kwbl'e-fi. 

QUALM, (quam) 

kwam. 

kwam. 

kwam. 

kwam. 

kwam. 

kwam. 

aUAN'DA-RY, 

kw9n-da'r?. 

kw9n-da're. 

kwan-da're. 

kw9n-da're. 

kw9n-da're. 

kw9ii-da're. 

aUAN'TI-TY, 

kwall'te-te, 

kwon'te-te. 

kwon't9-te, 

kwon'te-te. 

kwon'te-te. 

kwbn't^-t?. 

QUAY, (ke) 

ka, 

ke. 

ke. 

ke. 

ke. 

ke. 

aUIN-TES'SENCE, 

kvvin'tis-sens, | 

( kwin'tes-Sfiis, ) 
\ kwin-tes'seris, ) 

kwint'es-s^ns. 

kwin'tes-seiis. 

,9 

' kwin'tes-sens. 

kwin-tes'seiis. 

QUOTE, 

kote. 

kwote. 

kote. 

kw 5 te. 

kwote. 

kwote. 

QU6TH, 

kotb. 

kwuth, kwoth. 

koth, kutli, 

kwuth. 

kwoth. 

kwoth. 

QUO-TID'I-AN, 

k9-tidzh'en, 

kw 9 -tid'je- 9 ii. 

k9-tid'e-an. 

kwo-tid'e-un, 

kW9-tid'yan, 

kw9-tid'e-9U. 

QUo'TIENT, 

ko'shent. 

kwo'shent. 

ko'shent, 

kwo'shent. 

kwo'shent. 

kwo'shfiit. 

Ra'DI-ANT, 

ra'dzli^nt. 

1 rS.'de-ant, j 

' ra'je-ant, ) 

1 ra'd e-ant. 

ra'de-unt. 

ra'd y ant. 

ra'd e-ant. 

Sheridan. 

Walker. 

Perry. 

Jon cs. 

Fulton 4 ' Knight. 

Jameson. 


1 pro-nun-sha'shun, pro-niln-she-a'shun, pro-nun-se-a'shun, pro-nun-se-a'sliun, pro-nun-sh^-a'sliun, pro-niin-she-a'shun. 

2 pro-pe-sha'shuri, pro-pisli-e-a'shun, pr9-pish-e-a'sliun, pr9-pish-9-a'shun , pr9-pish-e-a'shun, pr9-pish-e-a'shun. 

3 pro-pish'e-tur-e, pro-pisli'e-?i-tur-e, pr9 pisli'9-a-tur-e,^ pr9-pish'9-9-tur-e, pro-pfsli'^-^-tur-?, pr9-pish'e-^-tur-e. 


XX 



SYNOPSIS. 


Webster. 

Sheridan. 

Walker. 

Perry. 

Jones. 

RA'DI-ATE, 

ra'dzliate. 

( ra'd?-ate, 
( ra'je-ate, 

1 ra'de-ate, 

ra'de-ate, 

RA'DI-US, 

ra'dzhus, 

{ ra'de-us, 
( ra'je-us, 

1 ra'd?-us, 

ra'de-us. 

RAILLERY, 

ral'l^r-e. 

ral'ler-e. 

ral'ler-e. 

ral'ler-r?. 


F^ilton 4 ' Knight. Jameson, 
rsl'de-ate, ra'd?-ate. 


RaIS'IN, 

RAR'I-TY, 

RASE, 

RASP'BER-RY, 

RAT-A-FIA', 

(rat-a-fee') 

RATH'ER, 

RA-TI-O-CIN-a/TION. 1 
Ra'TION-AL, rash'un-?!, 

RA-TION-a'LE, 

RE-CEP'TA-€LE, res'sep-tekl, 

RE-CEP'TO-RY, res's?p-tur-e, 

RECOGNITION. 2 
RECOGNIZANCE. 3 


ra'zn, 

ra'rjt-e, 

rase, 

ras'b?r-e, 

rat-a-fe'^i, 

rath'^r, 


re'zn, 
rar'e-te, 
ra're-te, 
raze, rase, 
ras'ber-e, 
rM-a-f6'9, i 

rat-^-f e', I 

rath'er, ra'ther, 

rasli'un-^1. 


ra'zjn, 

rir'e-t?, 

raze, 

r'asp'b?r-?, 

rat-^-fe'?, 

rath'er, 


re^zn, 

rar'e-te, 

rase, 

ris'ber-?,' 

rat-a-fe', 

ratli^^r, 


res'sep-ta-kl, 

re-sep'ta-kl, 

res's?p-tur-e, 


rasli'un-al, rash'un-^1, 

rasli-e-o-na'le, 

\ 

re-sep'ta-kl, res'sep-ta-kl, 


ra'df-us, 

ral'ler-e, 
razn, rezn, 
rar'e-te, 
rar'e-te, 
raze, rase, 
ras'ber-e, 

rat-a-fe'9, 

rath'er, 

rash'un-al. 


ra'd^-us. 


raPler-?. 

ra'zin. 

ra're-te. 


res'sep-t^-kl, 

res'sep-tur-?. 


raze. 

r^'bfr-?. 

rat-si-f e'§i. 
ra'tfi?r. 

rasli'un-al. 

ra-she-9-na'l?. 

r?-sep't^i-kl. 


RECOGNIZE, 

RECOGNIZOR, 

REC'ON-DITE, 

REC'ORD, 

RE-CU'SANT, 


re-kog-nize', 

re-kon-e-zor', 

re-k9n-dlte', 

re-k^rd', 

rek'ku-zant. 


RE-FECT'O-RY, ref'fek-tur-e. 


rek'k9g-nlze, rek'9n-ize, 
re-kog-ne-z6r', re-kon-e-zor', 

rek'k9n-dite, re-kon'dlt, 

rek'9rd, re-kord', rek'9rd, 

re-ku'zant, ' ) , 

• ’ } re-ku'zant, 

rek'ku-zant, ) 

< ref'ek-tur-?, ) ’ 


r?-sep't9-re, res'sep-tur-f, 

rek'k9g-nlze, rek'9g-nlze, 


rek'k9g-nlze 
re-k 5 g-ne-zot^ 

rek'k9n-dlte, \ rek'9n-dite, | rgk'k9n-dite. 

’ I re-kon'dlt, ) 

rek'9rd, re-kard', rek'9rd, r?-k 4 rd', rek'9rd. 

re-ku'zunt, j z^nt, | j-e_ku'zsint. 

• ’ < rek'ku-z^nt, ) 

ref'fek-tur-9, refek-tur-e, r?-fek'tur-?. 


REFRAGABLE, 

reffr^-ga-bl. 

ref'fr^-ga-bl, | 

re-frag'9-bl, 

refra-ga-bl. 

j. ....... 



REF'USE, 

ref fuze. 

refuse. 

refuze. 

ref'f use. 

ref f use. 

refuse. 

RE-Me'DI-A-BLE, 

re-me'dyebl. 

rf-me'd^-Ji-bl, 

r^-med'e-^-bl. 

re-me'de-a-bl. 

re-me'dyabl. 

re-me'd9-9-bl. 

REMEDILESS, 

rem'e-de-lis. 

rem'e-d?-le8. 

r?-med'9-les. 

• ••••••• 

{ rem'e-de-les. 

1 rem'mf-d^-les 





( r9-med'9-les. 

RE-MORSE', 

re-mars', | 

re-ni6rs', 

re-morse'. 

re-morse', 
re -mors'. 

{ re-mars', 

r?-mors'. 

re-mors'. 


) 


REN'DEZ-VOUS, 

r 5 n'de-v 66 . 

ren-de-vooz'. 

ren'de-vooz. 

ren-d^-voo'. 

ren-df-vuz'. 

r^n-de-v6oz'. 

REN'I-TEN-CY, 

rf-ni'ten-se. 

r^-nl'ten-se. 

ren'e-ten-se, 

r?-ni'ten-S9, 

r^-ni't^n-s?. 

r?-nl'ten-se. 

RE-NUN-CIA'TION. 

4 






REP'ER-TO-RY, 

rep'per-tur-e. 

rep'per-tur-e. 

rep'er-t9-re. 

rep'per-tur-e. 

rep'er-tur-e, 

rep'per-tur-?. 

RE-SIL'I-ENCE, 

re-sil'yens. 

re-zil'e-ens. 

re-zil'9-ens. 

re-sil'e-9ns. 

re-sil'y^ns. 

re-zil'9-ens. 

RES'O-LU-BLE, 

rf-sol'u-bl. 

rez'9-lu-bl. 

rez'9-lu-bl. 

rez'9-lu-bl. 

rez'9-lu-bl, 

rez'9-lu-bl. 

RES'PI-RA-BLE, 



res'p?-ra-bl. 




RETAIL, V. 

r?-tale'. 

re -tale'. 

r?-tale'. 

r^-tale'. 

rf-tale'. 

rf-tale'. 

Re'TAIL, n. 

rf-tale'. 

re 'tale. 

re 'tale. 

re-tale', 

re-tale'. 

re'tale. 

RET'I-NUE, 

re-tin'nu, \ 

ret'?-nu, ) 

ret'e-nu, 

( ret'e-nu. 

ret'9-nu. 

ret'?-nu. 


1 

re-tin'nu, ) 


( re-tin'nu, 

r?-tin'u. 

rg-tin'nu. 

RE-TRIB'UTE, 

ret'tr?-bute, 

r^-trib'ute. 

r^-trib'ute. 

r^-trib'ute. 

( re-trib'ute. 

1 re-trib'ute. 





( ret'r?-bute. 

REV'E-'nUE, 

( rev'e-nu. 

rev'9-nu, j 

rev'e-nu, 

< rev'e-nu. 

r^v'?-nu. 

rev'e-nu. 


( rf-ven'u, 

re-ven'nu, ) 

1 ’ 

( re-ven'nu. 

r?-ven'u. 

r?-ven'nu. 

REV'ER-Y, 

rev'?r-9, 

rev'er-e, | 

rev'e-r?, 

rev-e-re', 

1 rev' 9-re, 

rev'?r-9. 

rev-fr-e'. 

RE-VOLT', 

re-volt', 1 

j r?-volt', 1 

: re-volt', 3 

1 re-volt'. 

re-v 61 t'. 

r?-volt'. 

r^-volt'. 

RHOMB, 

rSmb, 

rumb. 

rumb. 

rumb, 

rumb. 

romb. 

RIGHT'EOUS, 

f ri'chus, 

rl'chf-us, 

rl'che-u 3 , 

rl'chf-us. 

rit'yus. 

ri't?-us. 

(rl'clius) 

) 


RI'SI-BLE, 

ris'ibl. 

riz'e-bl. 

riz'e-bl. 

riz'9-bl. 

riz'e-bl. 

riz'9-bl. 

ROMANCE, 

r9-mans', 

r9-mans'. 

r9-mans'. 

r9-mans', 

r9-mans', 

r9-mans'. 

ROa'UE-LAUR, 

rbk'kl9. 

rok-9-lor', 

rok'e- 16 . 

rok'?-lo. 

rok'e- 16 . 


RO'SE-ATE, 

ro'zy^t. 

ro'zli9-at. 

ro'zhf-9t, 

r 5 'zh 9 - 9 t, 

ro'zhy^te, 

r6'zh?-9t. 

ROUTE, 

root. 

rout, root, 

rout. 

root. 

r&ot. 

rout, root. 

RUF'FIAN, 

ruf'fy?in. 

ruf'yan. 

riif'ysin. 

ruf'yun. 

ruffyan. 

ruf'yan. 

Sheridan. 

Walker. 

Perry. 

Jones. Fulton 4 * Knight. 

Jameson. 

r 9 -sho-S 9 -na'shun, 

rash-9-os-9-na'shun, rasli-9-os-9-na'sliun, rash-e-os-?-na'shun, rash- 

-9-6s-9-na'shun, 

ra-sli9-os-9-na'shun 

3 re-k9g-nish'un. 

rek-k9g-nish'un. 

re-k9g-nish'un 

f rek-k9g-nish'un, rek-9g-nish'un. 

rek-k9g-nish'un. 

3 r^-kon'f-zains, 

r?-kog'n?-zans, 

r9-kon'9-z?ns, 

r?-kog'ne- 

-zuns, re-kog'ne-zans, \ 

r9-k6g'n?-Z9ns, 

> 



r9-kon'9-zans. 

4 rS-nun-sha'shun, 

r?-nun-sh9-a'shun 

, r^-iiun-shf-a'sliun, if-nun-s^-a'shyn, r^-nun-sli^-a'shun, 

re-nun-sh?-a'shun. 


SYNOPSIS 


XXI 


* Webster. 

SAB'A-OTH, 

SAF'FRON, 

Sheridan. 

Walker. 

sab'a-oth, 

saf'furn. 

Perry. 

S9-ba'9th, 

saf'furn. 

Jones. 

sai-ba'9lh, ^ 
saf'furn. 

saf'frun, 

s^-dzhlt't?!, 

sal'lyent. 

SAG'IT-TAL, 

sad'Je-tal, 

sa'l9*9nt. 

sad'je-t^l, 

Sa'le-ent, 

• 

Sa'LI-ENT, 

sa'l9-?nt. 

SA-LTNE', 

sa-llne'. 

sa-llne', sa'line. 

sa-llne', 

B^-lIne', 

SALIVAL, 

S9-lI'vel, 

( Sal'e-val, 
( sa-ll'val. 

sal'e-val, 

sa-ll'val, 

! 

SA-LI'VOUS, 

sa-ll'vus. 

1 sa-ll'vus, 
( sal'9-vus. 

sal'e-vus, 

sa-ll'vus. 

I 

SALVE, (sav) 

salv. 

salv. 

sav. 

salv. 

SAPPHIRE, 

saf'fir. 

saf'fir. 

saf'flre. 


SAR'DO-NYX, 

sar-do'niks. 

sar'd9-niks. 

sar'd9-niks. 

. y 

SA-TI'E-TY, 

sa-sl'9-te. 

sa-tl'e-te. 

sa-tl'e-te. 

S^-tl'f-t?, 

SAT'IRE, 

sa't^r. 

( sa'tur, sat'ur, J 
( sa'tire, sat'Ire, ) 

Sa'tur, 

sa'tur. 

SAT'URN, 

sa'turn. 

Sa'turn, sat'urn. 

sat'urn. 

sa'turn. 

Sa'TYR, 

Sa'ter, 

sa'tur, sat'ur. 

sa'tur. 

sa'tur. 

SAUN'TER, (san'ter) 

sawn'ter, 

s'an'tur, sawn'tur,sawn'tur. 

san'tur. 

SAU'SAGE, 

sSis'sidzh, ■ 

(saw'sidje, ) 

( sas'sidje, ) 

saw'saje. 

s 5 s'sxdje. 

SCATH, 

skath. 

skath. 



SCHED'ULE, 

sed'dzhul, | 

1 sed'jule, 

( sked'jule. 

sked'ule, 

sed'ule. 

1 sed'ule. 

SCHIS-MAT'IC, 

siz'ma-tik. 

sxz'ma-txk. 

siz-mat'ik. 

sxz'm^-txk. 

SCI-OM'A-CHY, 

skl-om'ma-ke. 

sl-om'm^-ke. 

sl-om'9-ke. 

sl-om'msi-ke. 

SEM-I-Pe'DAL, 

sem-me-pe'd^l. 

se-mxp'?-dal. 

sem-e-pe'dal, 


SEN'ES-CHAL, 

sen'nes-kel. 

sen'nes-k^l. 

sen'e-shal. 

sen'nes-kul. 


Fulton ^ Knight* Jameson. 

s^i-ba' 9 th, 
saPfurn, 


sa'lyent, 

s^-llne', 

sa-ll/yus, 

salv, 
saf f jr, 
sarMo-niks, 

Salter, 

sa'turn, 

sa^t^r, 

san'ter, 

sos/aje, 


sed^ule, 


sab'9-oth. 

safrun. 

sad'je-t^il. 

sa'le-?nt. 

sa-llne'. 

S£i-li'val. 

sai-li'vug. 

salv, sav. 
saff ir. 
sarM9-nIks. 
sa-tl'e-te. 

sa't^r. 

sa'turn. 

sa/t?r. 

san'ter. 

s^w'saje. 

skath. 

sked^ule, 

shed'ule. 


slz'm^-tik, 

si-om'9-ke, 


SE-Q.UES-TRa'TOR, sek'wes-tra-tur, 
SER-PI/GO, S9r-pi'g9, 


ser'pe-go, 


SES-aUIP'E-DAL, 

SEW'ER, 

SEX/A-GEN-A-RY. 1 
SHAM'OIS, (e) 
SHER/RET, 

SHIRE, 

SHiVE, 

SHONE, 

SHOOK, 

SIREN, 

SIR'RAH, 

SiR'UP, 

SLAB'BER, 

SLOTH, 

So'CIA-BLE, 

So'JoURN, 

SOL'DER, 

SO-NA/TA, 

SOOT, 

SOU-CHONG', 

Source, 

SOUS, 

SOUTH-EAST', 

SOUTH'ER-LY, 

SOUTH'ERN, 

SOUTH'WARD, 

SPAN'IEL, 
SPER-MA-Ce'TI, 
SPIKE'NARD, 
SPIR'A-CLE, 
SaUIR'REL, 

STl-PEND'I-A-RY, 

STiR'RUP, 

STREW, 


ses-kwe-pe'del, 

shore, 

sham'm?, 

sher-bet', 

shire, 

shive, 

shbn, 

sh^k, 

si'ren, 

s 3 ir'r 9 , 

sur'rup, 

slob'bur, 

sloth, 

s 5 'she-bl, 

so'jurn, 

sSd'dur, 

S9-na't9, 

sut, 

sorse, 

soo, 

south'eest, 

suth'^r-le, 

suth'urn, 

suth'ard, 

span'nyel, 

sper-ma-sit'te, 

spike'nard, 

spl're-kl, 

skwer'rjl, 

stI-pen'dzh9r-9, 

stur'rup, 

stroo. 


sek-wes-tra'tur, se-kwes-tra'tur, 
ser-pl'g9, 
ser-pe'g9, 
ses-kwlp'pe-d^l, 
shore. 


siz'm^-tik. 
sl-om'9-ke. 

S9-mip'e-dal. 

sen'es-ksil, sen'ne-sh^l. 
sek-wes-tra'tur, sek-wes-tra'tur, se'kwes-tra-tur. 

ser-pe'g9. 


shore. 


S9S-kwip'9-d?l 


sham'me, 

sher-bet', 

shere, 

shive, 

shon, 

shook, 

si'ren, 

sar'ra, 

sur'rup. 


sher-bet', 

shere, 

shive, 

shun, 

shuk, 

si'ren, 

sSlr'rah, 

sir'rup. 


slSLb'bur, slob'bur ,slob'b9r, 
sloth, 

s6'she-a-bl, 
s 5 'jurn, 
sol'dur, 

S 9 -na't 9 , 


soot, 

sou-chon g', 

sorse, 

souse, s68, 

south'eest, 

suth'er-le, 

south'er-le, 

south'urn, 

suth'urn, 

south' ward, 

suth'urd, 

span'y?!, 

sper-ma-se't?, 

spike'nard, 

spir'a-kl, 

skwer'rfl, 

sti-pen'df-a-r?, 

stI-pen'je-9-re, 

stur'rup, 

stro. 


sloth, 

so'she-9-bl, 
so'jurn, s9-jurn', 
sbl'der, 

S 9 -na't 9 , 

But, 

soo-shbng', 

soors, 

soo, 

south'eest. 


shore, 

sham'm?. 

sher-bet', 

shore. 

shore. 

sher-bet'. 

sh?r-bet'. 

shere. 

shire, shere, 

shire. 

shive. 

shive. 

shive. 

sh 5 n. 

shon. 

shon. 

shuk. 

shuk, 

shook. 

si'ren. 

sl'r?n. 

si'ren. 

sar'ra. 

sar'r?. 

sSr'r?. 

sur'rup. 

ser'rup. 

ser'rup. 

slab 'bur. 

siab'ber. 

siab'bfr. 

sloth. 

sloth. 

sloth. 

so'sha-bl. 

so'she-9-bl. 

6o'sh9-9-bl. 

so'jurn. 

so'jurn. 

So'jurn. 

sSl'der, 

sol'dur. 

sol'der. 

S9-na't9, 

S9-na't9, 

69-na't?. 

sut. 

sut. 

sut. 

. sou-chon g'. 

sorse. 

sorse. 

sorse. 

— A A 
600 , 

^ A A 
600, 

— A A 
600 . 


Sheridan. 


Walker. 


Perry. 


1 suth'?r-l9. 



. suth'er-l?. 

1 suth'?rn. 

( 

i south'?rn. 

south'ern, ^ 

( 

f suth'ern. 

suth'ern. ) 

1 sixth'aird. 

suth'urd, 1 

i south' wurd, 
1 suth'urd. 

1 south'ward. 

span'?!. 

span'y?!. 

span'yel. 

span'y?!. 

sper-m^-se'te. 

sper-msi-sxt't?. 

sper-ma-se'te, 

sper-ma-se't?. 

spike'nard. 

spike'nard. 

spike'nard. 

spike'nard. 

spI'r^-kl, 

spir'a-kl. 

spir'a-kl. 

spl're-kl . 

skwer'rel. 

skwer'r?!. 

skwer'rel. 

skwer'rfl. 

1 stI-pen'd?-^-re, 

sti-pen'df-^i-r?. 

stl-pen'dy^-r? 

, sti-pen'df-gi-r?. 

stur'rup. 

stur'rup, • 

ster'rup. 

ster'rup. 

Btru, stro, 

stroo. 

stro, 

stroo. 

Jones. 

Fulton 4 * Knight, 

Jameson. 


' s^ks-S-dzh'^n-^r-^, s^ks-ad'j^n-fr-?, s^ks-Sld'j^n-^r-?, s^ks-ad'j^n-^-r?, s^ks-a^j'^-n^r-?,' s^ks-Xd'j^n-^r-?. 


Xxil 


SYNOPSIS. 


Webster. 

Sheridan. 

Walker. 

Perry. 

Jones. 

Fulton ^ Knight. Jameson. * 

STU'DI-OUS, 

stu'dzhus. 

1 stu'd^-us, i 

( stu'je-us, ! 

1 stu'de-us. 

stu'df-us. 

stu'de-us. 

stu'df-us. 

SUB-AL/TERN, 

sub'^l-tern. 

sub'^l-tern. 

sub'91-tern. 

sub'ul-tern. 

sub'91-tern, 

sub'al-tern. 

SUB-SID'I-A-RY, 

sub-sid'yer-9. 

( sub-sid'e-9-r9, 

( sub-sid'j 9-9-re, 

1 sub-sid'e-a-re. 

Sub-sid'e-9-re, 

sub-sid'y9-r?. 

sub-sid'e-ai-r?* 

SUB-SULT/Q-RY, 

sub'sul-tur-f, 

sub'sul-tur-9. 

sub-sul't9-re. 

sub-sul'tur-e. 

sub'sul-tur-9. 

• ••••••• 

SUB'TIL, 

sub'til. 

sub'til. 

sub'til, sut'tl, 

sub'til. 

sub'til. 

sub'til. 

SUB'TIL-IZE, 

siib'til-ize, 

sub'tll-Ize, 1 

[ sut'tl-Ize, 

: sub'til-Ize, 

I 


. sub'til-Ize. 

SUe-CESS'OR, 

suk'ses-sur, | 

; suk'ses-sur, | 

suk-ses'ur, ) 

suk-ses'ur, 

suk-ses'sur. 

siik'ses-ur. 

suk-ses'ur. 

SUG-GEST/, 

sud-dzhest', 

sug-jest'. 

sug-jest', 

sug-djest'. 

sug-jest'. 

sud-jest'. 

Suite, 

sweet. 

sweet. 

sute, ' 

sweet. 

sweet. 

sute. 

SU-PER-E-ROG'A-TO-RY. i 






SUTER-FINE, 

shoo-per-fine'. 

su-p9r-f Ine', 

su-per-fine'. 

su-per-f Ine', 

su-per-fIne', 

su-p9r-fine'. 

SUR-PLUS/AGE, 

sur'plus-fdzli. 

sur'plus-jdje. 

siir'plus-aje. 



. sur'plus-aje. 

SUR'VEY, n. 

sur'v9. 

sur-va', sur'va. 

sur'va. 

sur-va'. 

sur'v9. 

- sur'v9. 

SWoRD, 

sord. 

sord. 

sord. 

sord. 

sord. 

sord. 

SYS'TEM-A-TIZE, 


sjs-tem'9-tlze. 

sis'te-ma-tize, 

.... 


. sis'tem-9-tIze. 

TAP'ES-TRY, - 

taps'tre, 1 

1 taps'tr?, 1 

! tap'?s-tre, 1 

1 tap'es-tre, 

taps 'tie. 

tap'es-tre. 

tap'9S-tre. 

TAS'SEL, 

tos'l. 

tas'sel. 

tas'sel. 

tas'sel. 

tas'sel. 

tas'sel. 

TAUNT, 

tawnt. 

tant, tS-wnt, 

tawnt. 

tant. 

tant. 

tant, ta.wnt. 

TeD'I-OUS, 

te^dzhus. 

te'de-us, te'j^-us, 

1 te'de-us, te'j?-us. 

, te'de-us. 

te'dyus. 

te'de-us. 

TEN'A-BLE, 

te'ne-bl. 

ten'9-bl. 

ten'9-bl. 

ten'a-bl. 

ten'a-bl. 

te'nfli-bl. 

TEN'ET, 

te'net. 

ten'nit. 

ten'et. 

ten'et. 

ten'et, te'net. 

te'net. 

TEN/URE, 

te'nyur. 

te'nure, 

ten'ur. 

te'nure. 

te'nure. 

ten'yur. 

Te'TRARGH, 

te'tr^rk, 

te'tr^rk, tet'r^rk 

, te'trark. 

te'trark. 

te'trark. 

( te'trark, 
\ tet'rark. 

TET/RAR-GHY, 

tet'tr^r-ke, 

tet'r^r-ke, 

te'trar-k?, 



. tet'rar-k?. 

THE, 

the, the. 

the, thf. 

the, the. 

the, the. 

th?, the. 

the, the. 

THEREFORE, j 

(therTore) l 

THREEPENCE, j 

(thrip'ens) i 

1 ther'fore. 

t her 'fore, 

thire'fore, 

thare'fore. 

ther'fore. 

thare'fore. 

' thrip'ens. 

threp'eiis, 

tlirep'ens, 


thrip'ens. 

thrip'ens. 

thy. 

thi, 

thI, the. 

thi. 

thi. 

thi, 

thi. 

THYME, 

time, 

time. 

time. 

time. 

time. 

time. 

TI-a'RA, 


tl-a'ra. 

tl-ir'9. 


tl-a'r?. 

tl-a'r?. 

TIERCE, 

ters, 

ters. 

teers, 

teers. 

ters. 

teers. 

TIN'Y, 

ti'ne. 

ti'ne. 

ti'ne. 

ti'ne. 

ti'ne. 

ti'n?. 

TO, 

tu. 

too. 

tu, too, 

tu, too. 

tu, too. 

to6. 

TOOK, 

tuk. 

took. 

tuk. 

tuk. 

to6k. 

took. 

TOU-PET', 

t 99 -pe'. 

t99-pet'. 

t 99 -pe'. 

t 99 -pe'. 

t 99 -pe'. 

t99-pet'. 

T6URN/A-MENT, 

to6r'ri9-ment, | 

toor'na-meiit, } 
tur'iif-ment, ) 

toor'n^-mSnt, 

tur'n^-ment. 

to6r'n9-m6nt, 

tore'ne-ment. 

To^WARDS, prep. 

t 5 'rdz. 

to'urdz, 1 

tS'ardz, 1 

t9-w^rdz', ! 

1 to'rdz. 

to'ardz. 

t 5 'ardz. 

To'WARD, a. 

to'werd. 

to'wurd. 

to'ard. 


to'wurd. 

t 5 ' 9 id. 

TRAIT, 

tra. 

tra, trate. 

tra. 

tra. 

trate, tra. 

tra, trate. 

TRANS/LA-TO-RY, 

trans'la-tur-9. 

tr^ns-la'tur-e. 

trans-la'to-re. 

• •••••••• 

• ••«•••• 

. tranz-la'tur-? . 

TRAV'ERSE, adv. j 

trav'^rs. 

tra-vers'. 

trav'ers. 

trav'ers. 

trav'ers. 

trav'ers. 

TR AV' ERSE, prep. 

tra-v6rs'. 

tra-vers', 

trav'ers. 



. trav'ers. 

TREB'LE, (trib'bl) 

treb'l. 

treb'bl, 

treb'bl. 


• 

. treb'bl. 

TRIG/Q-NAL, 

tri'go-nel. 

trig'9-nal. 

trig'9-nal. 



. trig'o-n^l. 

TRIP/E-DAL, 

tri-pe'del, 

trip'9-dal. 

trip'e-d^l. 



. trip'e-dal. 

TRIPOD, 

tri'p9d. 

tri'pod, trip'9d. 

trip'ud, trl'p9d. 

trl'p9d. 

tri'pod. 

tri'pod. 

TRIS'YL-LA-BLE, 

tris'sil-l^-bl. 

tris'sil-19-bl. 

tris-sil'19-bl. 

tris'sil-lfi-bl. 

tris'sil-la-bl. 

tris'sil-19-bl. 

TRIBUNE, 

tri'une. 

tri-une'. 

tri'une, 

tri'une. 

trI-une', 

tri'une. 

TRUFFLE, 

troo'fl, 

troo'fl. 

truffl. 

troo'fl. 

troo'fl. 

troo'fl. 

TUR'CISM, 

turk'izm. 

tur'sizm. 



tur'sizm. 


TURK'OIS, 

tur-kaze', 

tur'moil. 

tur-keez', 

tur'moil. 

tur-keez', 

tur-moil'. 

tur-kaze', 

tur'moil. 

tur-keez'. 

tur-moil', 


TUR-MOIL', 

tur-moil'. 

TWIDDLE, 

twid'l. 

twl'dl. 


twid'dl. 

twldl. 

twl'dl. 

TWO-PENCE, 

tup'puns, 

tiip'pens, 

tup'pens, 

tup'uns. 

tup'ens, 

tup'pens. 

TY-PO-GRAPHT-CAL. 2 






Sheridan. 

Walker. 

Perry. 

Jones. 

Fulton Sf Knight. 

Jameson. 

1 sho6-p9r-er'r9-gat- ) 

-p?r-er'r9-g9-tur-9 

, su-per-er' 9 -g 9 -t 9 -r?, 




2ji-p9-grSf^-kel, tjp-o-grSf^-kflil, lip^-gr^lf^-k^l, tip-9-gr5,f?-kul, tip-9-grSif?-k9l,', tI-p9-grSf?-k9l. 


SYNOPSIS 


xxiii 


Webster, 

Sheridan. 

Walker. 

Perry. 

Jones. 

Fulton 4' Knight. Jameson. 

UM'BRA-TILE, 

um-brSlt'il, 

um'brii-til. 

um'br^-til. 




US'aUE-BAUGH, 

us-kw?-ba'. 

us-kw?-ba'. 

us-kwe-ba.w'. 

us-kwe-ba', 

iis-kwe-ba'. 

us-kwe-ba,w'. 

U-TEN'SIL, 

u'ten-sll. 

yu't§n-sil. 

yu-ten'sjl, 

n 

yu'ten-sil, ; 

yu'tfn-sil. 

yu-ten'sil. 

VAC'IL-LAN-CY, 

vai-siFlen-se, 

vas'sjl-lan-se,'” 

v^s-siMfin-s?, 

• •••••••• 

vas'sil-lan-s?. 

vS.s's}l-lan-S9.’ 

VAL'ET, 

Vfi-let', vol'le. 

val'ft, va-let'. 

val'ft. 

vSl'et, 

Val'et, 

val'?t, vol'la. 

VAL-U-a'TOR, 

val'u-a-tur. 

val-u-a'tur, 

vS.l-u-a'tur, 




VAN-€OUR'IER, 

van-kur'yer. 

van-koor-yeer'. 

van-ko6're-a. 



VASE, 

vase. 

Vaze, 

vaze. 

vaze. 

vaze. 

vaze, v3lz. 

VAULT, 

vS.wt, 

vawlt, vawt. 

v^wlt, 

VaLwlt, 

vawlt. 

valwlt. 

VAUNT, 

v^vvnt. 

vS.wnt, 

vawnt. 

Vant, 

va.wnt. 

vS-wnt. 

VE-NEER', 

fjn-neer'. 

ve-neer'. 

V9-neer', 

V9-neer', 

ve-neer^. 

V9-neer'. 

VENISON, 

ven'is-sun. 

ven'zn, venf?-zn,ven'zn, 

ven' 9 -zn, 

ven'e-zn, | 

i ven'zn, 
ven'e-zn. 

VERD'URE, 

ver'dzhur. 

ver'jure. 

ver'dure. 

ver^djure. 

ver'dure. 

verd'yur. 

VER-MI-CEL'LI, 

ver-m?-chel'le, 

ver-me-chelde. 

ver-m^-sel'l?, 

ver-m^-chel'le. 

ver-m^-cheldf, 

ver-mf-chel'I? 

VERT'E-BRE, 

ver'te-bre. 

ver'te-bur, 

X ver-tl'go, ^ 

ver'tf-b^r. 

ver'tf-bur. 

ver'te-ber. 

Vfr-tl'g 9 , 

V9r-te'g9. 

VERT'I-GO, 

v?r-tI'go, 

) v?r-te'go, > 

^ ver't?-g5, ^ 

ver/t9-go. 

ver'te-go, | 

Vfr-tl'g 9 , 

ver-te'g 9 . 

VIC'I-NAL, 

v?-sl'n?l. 

vis'e-nal. 

vis^in-al. 

vis'e-nul. 

vis'^-n^l, 

vjs-si'nal. 

VIC'INE, 

ve-sine'. 

vis'ine. 

vis'in. 

V9-sIne', • 

V 9 -sIne'. 


VI-0-L0N>CEL'L0, 

vl-o-lon-cbel'lo. 

vI-o-l 9 n-chel'l 9 , 

vi-9-l9n-sel'l9. 

ve-9-l9n-chel'l9. 

ve- 9 -l 9 n-chel'l 9 . 

ve-9-l9n-steFl9 

ViR'TU, 


Vfr-too', 




vir-tu'. 

ViRT'UE, 

ver^chu. 

ver'chu. 

vir^tu. 

ver'chu. 

ver'tu. 

vir'tu. 

VIZ'IER, 

viz'yare, 1 

^viz^yeer. 

viz'yer. 

vjz-yere'. 

viz'y?r, V 9 -zyer' 

,viz'yeer. 1 

VOL'UME, 

vol'yum. 

voVyume, 

voFum, 

vobyume. 

vol'ume. 

vol'yume. 


WAIN'SGOT, 

wen'skut. 

wen'skut. 

wan'sk 9 t. 

wen'skut. 

vvens'k 9 t. 

wane'skut. 

WaIST'GOAT, 


, wes'kot. 

wast'k 9 t, 

wes'kut. 

wast'k 9 t, wes'kot * 

WAN, 

wS,n, 

won. 

won. 

won. 

won. 

won. 

WAR'RIOR, 

w§Lr'ryur, 

war'yur. 

war'yur. 

war'yiir. 

war'?-ur. 

wor're-ur. 

WASP, 

wasp. 

wosp. 

wasp. 

wosp. 

wosp. 

wosp. 

WAY-LaY', 

wada. 

wa-la'. 

wa-la', 

wa-la'. 

wa-la'. 

wa'Ia.j 

WERE, 

wer. 

wer. 

wer. 

wer,'i 

; wer. 

i wer. 

WHERE'FORE, 

hwer'fore. 

hware'fore. 

hwdre'fore. 

hware'fore. 

hware'fore. 

hware'fore. ' 

WIND, 

wind. Wind, 

Wind, wind. 

wind, 

wind, wind. 

wind, wind. 

wind, wind 

WOUND, 

woond. 

woond, wound. 

woond, wound. 

wound, woond. 

woond. 

woond. 

WRATH, 

r§Ltli, i 

roth, rath. 

rath. 

rath. 

rath. 

rawth, rath. 

WREATH, 


reeth, reetli. 

reeth, 

reeth. 

reeth. 

reeth, reeth* 


YEA, (ya) 

ye, ’ 

ye, 

ye, ■ 

ya. 

ya, ye. 

ya. 

YEAST, 

yest. 

yest. 

yeest, yest. 

yeest. 

yest. 

yest. 

YELK, 

yoke, 

yelk. 

yelk, yoke, 

yelk. 

yoke. 

yelk. 

YEo'MAN, 

yem'mun. 

yo'main, • 

yo'man. 

yo'mun. 

yo'man. 

yo'man. 

YES, 

yis. 

yis. 

yes. 

yis. 

yes, yis. 

yes. 

YES'TER-DAY, 

yis't^r-da. 

yes'ter-da. 

yes'ter-da. 

yes'ter-da. 

yes't?r-da. 

yes't?r-da, 

YoLK, 

yoke. 

yoke. 

yoke. 


. yoke. 

yoke. 


ZEAL'OUS, 

zel'us. 

[zel'us,. ze'lus,' 

zel'us. 

zel'us. 

zel'us. 

zel'lus. 

ZE'UHIN, 

ch^-kane', 

ch?-k5en'. 

ze'kjn. 

che-keen'j 

ch e-keen'. 

chf-keSn'. 

ZE'NITH, 

ze'njth. 

ze'njth. 

ze'njth. 

ze'njth. 

. ze'njth. 

{ zen'nith, 
( ze'njth, 


POINTED LETTERS. 


A has the long sound of a, as in /a<e. 

A has the Italian sound of a, as 'mfar. 

A has the sound of aw, as in fall. 

A has the short sound of aw, as in what* 

E has the long sound of e, as in mete. 

E has the sound of long a, as in vein^ and in there. 
I has the long sound of i, as in pine. 

1 has the short sound of i, as in pin. 

1 has the sound of long e, as in marine* 

1 has the sound of short w, as in bird. 

0 has the long sound of o, as in note. 


O has the sound of oo, as in food. 

O has the sound of oo, as in g-ood, the same as u in full 
0 has the sound of short u, as in dove. 
tj has the long sound of u, as in tube. 

TJ has the sound of u, as in bull. 

U has the sound of yu, as in union. 

C hard c, the same as k. 

6 soft g, the same asj. 

S soft s, the same as r. 

CH have the French sound, the same as sh. 

TH have their vocal sound, as in this. 


ABBREVIATIONS. 


a. 

stands 

for adjective. 

Eth. stands 

for Ethiopic. 

adv. 


for adverb. 

Fr. 

>> 

for French. 

con. 


for connective, or conjunction. 

O. or Oer. 


for German. 

exclam. 

>» 

for exclamation, or interjection. 

Or. 

>> 

for Greek. 

1. u. 


for little used. 

Ooth. 

5 > 

for Gothic. 

n. 

» 

for name, or noun. 

Heb. 

7 ) 

for Hebrew. 

obs. 


for obsolete. 

Ice. 

JJ 

for Icelandic. 

prep. 


for preposition. 

Jr. 

>> 

for Irish, Hiberno-Celtic, and Gaelic 

pp. 


for participle passive. 

It. 

1) 

for Italian. 

ppr. 

>j 

for participle of the present tense. 

Lat. or L. 

»> 

for Latin. 

pret. 

a 

for preterit tense. 

Per. 

J) 

for Persic, or Persian. 

pron. 

fi 

for pronoun. 

Port. 


for Portuguese. 

V. i. 

a 

for verb intransitive. 

Russ. 

)) 

for the Russ language, or Russian. 

V. t. 


for verb transitive. 

Sam. 

7 ) 

for Samaritan. 

Ar, 

>> 

for Arabic. 

Sans. 


for Sanscrit. 

Arm. 

>> 

for Armoric. 

Sax. 

>J 

for Saxon, or Anglo-Saxon. 

Ch. 

>> 

for Chaldee. 

Sp, 

77 

for Spanish. 

Corn. 

)) 

for Cornish. 

Sw. 

77 

for Swedish. 

Dan. 


for Danish. 

Syr. 

77 

for Syriac. 

D. 

») 

for Dutch, or Belgic. 

W. 

77 

for Welsh. 

Eng, 

a 

for England, or English. 




AN 


AMERICAN DICTIONARY 

OF THE 

ENGLISH LANGUAGE. 


ABA ABA 


A is the first letter of the alphabet in most of the known 
languages of the earth : in the Ethiopic, however, it is 
the tMrteenth^ and in the Runic the tenth. It is naturally 
the first letter, because it represents the first vocal sound 
naturally formed by the human organs ; being the sound 
uttered with a mere opening of the mouth, without con- 
straint, and without any effort to alter the natural posi- 
tion or configuration of the lips. 

A has, in English, three sounds 5 the long or slender, as 
in place, fate ; the broad, as in wall, fall, which is short- 
ened in salt, what ; and the open, as in father, glass, 
which is shortened in rather, fancy . Its primitive sound 
was probably aw. A is also an abbreviation of the Saxon 
an or ane, one, used before words beginning with a con- 
sonant 5 as, a table, instead of an table, or one table. 
This is a modern change ; for, in Saxon, an was used 
before articulations as well as vowels ; as, an tid, a time, 
an gear, a year. See An. 

This letter serves as a prefix to many English words ; as in 
asleep, awake, afoot, aground, agoing. 

A is also used for amio, or ante ; as in anno Domini, the 
year of our Lord ; anno mundi. the year of the world ; 
ante meridiem, before noon ; ana for arts, in artium ma- 
gister, master of arts. Among the Romans, A U C stood 
for anno ab urbe condita, from the building of the city, or 
Rome 

AAM, n. [Ch. or KoN.] A Dutch measure of liquids, 
equal to 288 English pints. 

A A-RON IC, I a. Pertaining to Aaron, or to the priest- 
AA-RON T-C AL, j hood of which he was the head. 

AB, in English names, is an abbreviation of abbey or ab- 
bot : as Abbingdon, Ahbeytown. 

AB, a prefix to words of Latin origin, and a Latin preposi- 
tion, as in abscond, is the Greek ano, and the Eng. of, Ger. 
ab, D. af, Sw. Dan. af, written in ancient Latin, "a/. It 
denotes /rorra, separating or departure. 

AB. The Hebrew name of father. See Abba. 

AB. A name of one of the Jewish months. 

AB'A-CIST, n. [from abacus.] One that casts accounts ; a 
calculator. 

A-BACE', adv. Towards the back ; on the back part ; back- 
ward. — In seamen^ s language, it signifies the situation of 
the sails, when pressed back against the mast by the 
wind. 

AB'A-€OT, n. The cap of state, formerly used by English 
kings 

A-BA0'TOR, n. [L.] In law, one that fbloniously drives 
away or steals a herd or numbers of cattle at once, in 
distinction from one that steals a sheep or two. 
AB'A-f’US, n, [L,] 1. Among the Romans, a cupboard or 
buffet. 2. An instrument to facilitate operations in arith- 
metic. — 3. In architecture, a table constituting the upper 
member or crowning of a column and its capital. 
AB'A-€US PYTH-A-GOR'I-€US. The multiplication ta- 
ble, invented by Pythagoras. 

AB'A-GUS HAR-MON*I-€US The structure and disposi- 
tion of the keys of a musical instrument. 

AB'A-€US Ma-JOR. A trough used in mines, to wash ore 
in. 

AB'A-DA, n. A wild animal of Africa, 

A-BAD'DON, n. [Heb. 1, The destroyer, or angel of 

the bottomless pit, 2. The bottomless pit, Milton, 
A-BAFT', adv. or prep. [Sax. (Bftan.] A sea-term, signify- 
ing in or at the hinder part of a ship, or the parts which 
lie towards the stern ; opposed to afore. Relatively, it 
denotes aft, or towards the stern. It is often con- 

tracted into aft. 


AB'A-GUN, n. The name of a fowl in Ethiopia. 
A-BAPSANCE. See Obeisancx. 

AB-aL'IEN-ATE, (ab-ale^yen-ate) v. t. To transfer the 
title of property from one to another — a term of the civil 
lavy. 

AB-aL-IEN-a'TION, (ab-ale-yen-d'shun) n. The trans- 
ferring of title to property. See Alienation. 

I A-BAND', V. t. To forsake. Spenser. 

A-BAN'DON, V. t. [Fr. abandonner.] 1. To forsake entire- 
ly ; as, to abandon a hopeless enterprise. Dr. Mason. 2 
To renounce and forsake ; to leave with a view never 
to return j to desert as lost or desperate. 3. To give up 
or resign without control, as when a person yields him- 
self, without restraint, to a propensity. 4. ao resign j 
to yield, relinquish, or give over entirely, 
f A-BAN'DON, 7j. 1 One who totally forsakes or deserts. 
2. A relinquishment. 

A-BArPDONED, pp. 1. Wholly forsaken or deserted. 2. 

Given up, as to a vice ; extremely wicked. 
A-BAN'DON-ER, 71. One who abandons. 
A-BAN'DON-ING, ppr. Forsaking or deserting wholly ; 

yielding one’s self without restraint. ’ 

A-BAN'DON-ING, n. A forsaking ; total desertion. 
A-BAN'DON-MENT, n. A total desertion ; a state of being 
forsaken. 

A-BAN'GA, n. The ady ; a species of palm-tree, 
f AB-AN-NI"TION, n. A banishment for one or two years 
for manslaughter. 

A-BAP-TIS'TON, n. The perforating part of the trephine, 
an instrument used in trepanning, 
t ABaRE', V. t. [Sax. abariav.] To make bare ; to un- 
cover. 

AB-AR-TI€-U-La'TION, n. In anatomy, that species of 
articulation, or structure of joints, which admits of man- 
ifest or extensive motion. 

A-BAS', 71. A weight in Persia. Encyc, 

A-BASE', V, t. [Fr. cJawser.J To "cast down; to reduce 
low j to depress ; to humble ; to degrade ; applied to the 
passions, rank, office, and condition in life. 

A-BaSE'D, (a-biiste') pp. Reduced to a low state, humbled, 
degraded. — In heraldry, it is used of the wings of ea- 
gles, when the tops are turned downwards towards the 
point of the shield : or when the wings are shut. 
A-BaSE'MENT, 71, The act of humbling or bringing low ; 
also a state of degradation. 

A-BASIP, V. t. [Heb. C’lJ.] Tamake the spirits to fail 5 to 
cast down the countenance ; to make ashamed ; to con- 
fuse or confound, as by exciting suddenly a conscious- 
ness of guilt, error, inferiority, &c. 

A-BASH'ED, (a-bashtO PP- Confused with shame ; con- 
founded ; put to silence ; followed by at. 

A-BASH'ING, ppr. Putting to shame or confusion, 
A-BASH'MENT, n, Confiision from shame. 

A-BaS'ING, ppr. Humbling, depressing, bringing low, 
A-BAS'SI. or A-BAS'SIS, n. A silver coin of Persia, of tlio 
value of twenty cents. 

A-Ba'TA-BLE, a. That may or can be abated, 

A-BATE', V, t. [Fr. abattre,] 1. To beat down; to pull 
down ; to destroy in any manner ; as, to abate a nul- 
gance. 2. To lessen ; to diminish ; to moderate ; as, to 
abate a demand. 3, To lessen ; to mitigate ; as, to abate 
pain, 4. To overthrov/ ; to cause to fail ; to frustrate by 
judicial sentence ; as, to abate a writ. 5. To deject ; to 
depress ; as, to abate the soul. Obs, 6, To deduct. Pope, 
7. To cause to fail ; to annul. 

A-BATE^ v.i. 1, To decrease, or become less in strength 
or violence ; as, pain abates. Q. To fail ; to be defeated 


* See Synopsis, A, E, I, 0, O, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT ; 

MOVE, BQ9K, DOVE BIJLL, UNITE.—€ as K ; 0 os J 


PREY ; 

S as Z 


PIN, MARINE, BIRD f ObsoUtt 
OH as SH ; TH as in this. 


ABD 


2 


ABE 


a. Belonging to an abbey. 


or come to naught j as, a writ abates. — 3. In Zazr, to en- 
ter into a freehold after the death of the last occupant, 
and before the heir or devisee takes possession. — 4. In 
horsemanship, to perforin well a downward motion. A 
horse is said to abate, or take down his curvets, when, 
working upon curvets, he puts both his hind legs to the 
ground at once, and observes the same exactness in all the 
times. 

A-BaT'ED, pp. Lessened ; decreased *, destroyed ; mitigat- 
ed ; defeated ; remitted •, overthrown. 

A-BaTE'MENT, n. 1. The act of abating ; the state of 
being abated. 2. A reduction, removing, or pulling down, 
as of a nuisance. 3. Diminution, decrease, or mitigation, 
as of grief or pain. 4. Deduction, sum withdrawn, as 
from an account. 5. Overthrow, failure, or defeat, as of 
a writ. 6. The entry of a stranger into a freehold after 
the death of the tenant, before the heir or devisee. — 7. In 
heraldry, a mark of dishonor in a coat of arms, by which 
its dignity is debased for some stain on the character of 
the wearer. 

A-BaT'ER, n. The person or thing tliat abates. 

A-BaT'ING, ppr. Bulling down, diminishing, defeating, 
remitting. 

A-BaT'OR, 71. A person who enters into a freehold on the 
death of the last possessor, before the heir or devisee. 
AB*A.-TIS, ) n. [Er.] Rubbish. — In fortification, piles of 
AB'AT-TIS, \ trees, or branches of trees sharpened, and 
laid with the points outward, in front of ramparts, to pre- 
vent assailants from mounting the walls, 
f AB'A-TUDE, 71. Any thing diminished. 

AB'A-TURE, 71. [from abate.] Grass beaten or trampled 
down by a stag in passing. Viet. 

ABB, 71. [Sax. ab or ob.] Among weavers, yarn for the 
warp. Encyc. 

AB'BA, 71. In the Chaldee and Syriac, a father, and figu- 
I ratively, a superior. 

AB'BA-CY, [Low Lat. abbatia.] The dignity, rights, and 
privileges of an abbot. 

AB-Ba'TIAL, 

AB BAT'I-CAL, 

AB'BE, (ab'by) n. [from abba.] In a monastic sense, the 
same as an abbot ; but, more generally, a title, in Catho- 
lic countries, without any determinate rank, office, or 
rights. 

AB'BESS, 71. [from abba.] A female superior or governess 
of a nunnery, or convent of nuns. See Abbey. 

AB'BEY, (ab-by) 71., plu. Abbeys, [from abba.] A mon- 
astery or society of persons, of either sex, secluded from 
the world, and devoted to religion. The males are called 
monks, and are governed by an abbot the females are 
called nuns, and are governed by an abbess. 
AB'BEY-LUB-BER, n. A name given to monks, in con- 
tempt for their idleness. 

AB'BOT, 71. [formerly abbat, from abba. Latinized abbas.] 
The superior or governor of an abbey or monastery. Ency. 
AB'BOTSHIP, 71. The state of an abbot. 

AB-BREU-VOIR', (ab-bru-vwoE) n. [Fr.] A watering-place ; 
among masons, the joint between stones in a wall, to be 
filled with mortar. 

AB-BRe'VI-ATE, V. t. [It. abbreviare.] 1. To shorten ; 
to make shorter by contracting the parts. 2. To shorten ; 
to abridge by the omission or defalcation of a part ; to re- 
duce to a smaller compass j as, to abbreviate a writing. — 
3. In mathematics, to reduce fractions to the lowest terms, 
t AB-BRe'VI-ATE, 71. An abridgment. Elyot. 
AB-BRe'VI-A-TED, pp. Shortened j reduced in length ; 
abridged. 

AB-BRe'VI-A-TING, ppr. Shortening j contracting in 
length, or into a smaller compass. 

AB-BRE-VI-a^TION, 71. 1. The act of shortening or con- 
tracting. A letter, or a few letters, used for a word ; as, 
Gen. for Genesis. 3. The reduction of fractions to the 
lowes^ terms. 

AB-BRe'VI-A-TOR, 71. One who abridges or reduces to a 
smaller compass. 

AB-BRe'VI-A-TORS. a college of seventy-two persons in 
the cliancery of Rome. 

AB-BRe'VI-A-TO-RY, a. Shortening, contracting. 
AB-BRe'VI-A-TURE, 71. A letter or character for shorten- 
ing ; an abridgment, a com pend. 

A. B. C. The three first letters of the alphabet, used for the 
whole alphabet. Also a little book for teaching the ele 
ments of reading. 

AB'DALS, 71. The name of certain fanatics in Persia. Enc. 
AB'DE-RITE, 71. An inhabitant of Abdera. Whitaker. 
AB'DI-€ANT, a. Abdicating ; renouncing. 

AB'DI-CATE, V. t. [L. abdico.] l.To abandon an office or 
trust, without a formal resignation to those who conferred 
it, or without their consent •, also, to abandon a throne, 
without a formal surrender of the crown. “ 


the civil law, to disclaim a son 
family, as a father 
father. 


Blackstone. 
3. In 

and expel him from the 
to disinherit during the life of the 


2. To reject ; to renounce ; to abandon as a right 


AB'DI-CATE, V. i. To renounce ; to abandon ; to cast off; 

to relinquish, as a right, power, or trust. Burke. 
AB'DI-€A-TED, pp. Renounced •, relinquished without 
a formal resignation ; abandoned. 

ABT)I-€A-T1ISG, ppr. Relinquishing without a formal res- 
ignation ; abandoning. 

AB-DI-€a'T 10N, 71. 1. The act of abdicating; the aban- 
doning of an office or trust, without a formal surrender. 

2. A casting off ; rejection. 

*AB DI-CA-TIVE, a. Causing or implying abdication. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

AB'DI-TIVE, a. [L. abdo.] Having the power or quality of 
hiding. {Little used.] 

AB'DI-TO-RY, 71. A place for secreting or preserving goods. 
*AB'DO-MEN, or AB-Do'MEN, 71. [L. perhaps abdo and 
omentum.] 1. The lower belly, or that part of the body 
which lies between the thorax and the bottom of the pel- 
vis. — 2. In insects, the lower part of the animal, united to 
the corslet by a thread. 

AB-DOM'I-NAL, a. Pertaining to the lower belly. 
AB-DOM'I-NAL, n. ^ plu. Abdominals. In ichthyology, 
the abdominals are a class of fish, whose ventral fins are 
placed behind tlie pectoral, and which belong to the di- 
vision of bony fish. 

AB-DOM'I-NAL RING, or IN'GUI-NAL RING, n. An ob- 
long, tendinous ring in both groins. 

AB-DOM'I-NOUS, a. Pertaining to the abdomen ; having 
a large belly. 

AB-DuCE', V. t. [L. abduco.] To draw from ; to withdraw, 
or draw to a different part ; used chiefly in anatomy. 
ABDu'CENT, a. Drawing from, pulling back ; used of 
those muscles wdiich pull back certain parts of the body, 
for separating, opening, or bending them. 

AB-DUC'TION, n. 1. In a general sense, the act of drawing 
apart, or carrying away. — 2. In surgery, a species of frac- 
ture, in which the broken parts recede from each other. — 

3. In logic, a kind of argumentation, called by the Greeks 
apagogc, in which the major is evident, but the minor is 
not so clear as not to require farther proof. — 4. In law, the 
taking and carrying away of a child, a ward, a wife, &c., 
either by fraud, persuasion, or open violence. 

AB-DU€'TOR, n. In anatomy, a muscle which serves to 
withifraw, or pull back a certain part of tlie body, 
f A-BEaR', (a-bare') v. t. [Sax. abaeran.] To bear ; to be- 
have. Spenser. 

A-BEaR'ANCE, 71. [from abear.] Behavior, demeanor. 

Blackstone. [Little used.] 

A-BE-CE-Da'RI-AN, n. [a word formed from the first four 
letters of the alphabet.] One who teaches the letters of 
the alphabet, or a learner of the letters. 

A-BE-Ce'DA-RY, a. Pertaining to, or formed by the letters 
of the alphabet. 

A-BEB', adv. On or in bed. 

A-BeLE', or a'BEL-TREE, n. An obsolete name of the 
white poplar. 

A-Be'LI-ANS, AB-E-Lo'NI-ANS, or a'BEL-ITES. In 
church history, a sect in Africa which arose in the reign 
of Arcadius. 

a'BEL-MOSK, n. A trivial name of a species of hibiscus, or 
Syrian mallow, 
t AB-ERR', V. i. [L. aberro.] To wander. 

AB-ER'RANCE, ) n. [L. aberrans.] A wandering or devi- 
AB-ER'RAN-CY, ^ ating from the right way ; an error, 
mistake ; a fault, a deviation from rectitude. 
AB-ER'RANT, a. Wandering, straying from the right way. 

\ RctVSl.'V 

AB-ER-Ra'TION, 71. [L. aberratio.] 1. The act of wan- 
dering from the right way ; deviation from truth or moral 
rectitude ; deviation from a strait line. — 2. In astronomy, 
a small apparent motion of the fixed stars, occasioned by 
the progressive motion of light and the earth’s annual 
motion in its orbit. — 3. In optics, a deviation in the rays 
of light, when inflected by a lens. — Crown of aberration, 
a luminous circle surrounding the disk of the sun, de- 
pending on the aberration of its rays. Cyc. 

AB-ER'RING, part. a. Wandering ; going astray. 

I AB-ER-RUN'€ATE, v. t. [L. averrunco.] To pull up by 
the roots ; to extirpate utterly. 

A-BET', V. t. [Sax. betan, gebetan.] 1. To encourage by 
aid or countenance, but now used chiefly in a bad sense. 
— 2. In law, to encourage, counsel, incite, or assist in a 
criminal act. 

t ABET', 77. The act of aiding in a crime. 

A-BET'MENT, n. The act of abetting. 

A-BET'TED, pp. Incited, aided, encouraged to a crime. 
A-BET'TING, ppr. Counseling, aiding, or encouraging to a 
crime. 

A-BET'TOR,7i. One who abets, or incites, aids or encourages 
another to commit a crime. 

AB-E-VAC-U-a'TION, 71. [ah and evacuation.] In medicine, 
a partial evacuation of morbid humors of the body, either 
by nature or art. 

A-BEY'ANCE, (a-bay'-ance) n. [Norm, abbaiaunce, or 
abahance.] In expectation or contemplation of law. The 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, E, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PR£Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


ABL 


3 


fee simple or inheritance of lands and tenements is in 
abeyance^ when there is no person in being in whom it 
can vest. 

■f Ali'GRE-GATE, v. t. To lead out of the flock. 

i AJI-GRE-Ga'TION, n. A separation from the flock. 

AB-HOR', V. t. [L. abhorreoA 1. To hate extremely, or 
with contempt ; to lothe, detest, or abominate. 2. To 
despise or neglect. 3. To cast off or reject. 

AB-HOR'REU, (ab-hord') pp. Hated extremely, detested. 

AB-HOR'RENCE, ) n. Extreme hatred, detestation, great 

AB-HOR'REN-CY, \ aversion. 

AB-HOR'RENT, a. 1. Hating, detesting, struck with ab- 
horrence. 2. Contrary, odious, inconsistent with, ex- 
pressive of extreme opposition. 

AB-HOR'RENT-LY, adv. With abhorrence. 

AB-HOR'RER, n. One who abhors. 

AB-HOR'RING, ppr. Having great aversion, detesting. As 
a noun, it is used in Isaiah Ixvi. for the object of hatred — 
“ An abhorring to all flesh.” 

a^BIB, 71. [Heb. 2^^.] The first month of tlie Jewish ecclesi- 
astical year, called also JVisan. It begins at the spring 
equinox, and answers to the latter part of March and be- 
ginning of April. 

A-BlDE', V. i. pret. and part, abode. [Sax. bidan, abidan.] 

1. To rest or dwell. 2. To stay for a short time. 3. To 
continue permanently, or in the same state ; to be firm 
ami immovable. 4. To remain, to continue. 

A-BiDE', V. t. 1. To wait for ; to be prepared for ; to await. 

2. To endure or sustain. 3. To bear or endure ; to bear 
patiently. 

A-BlD'ER, n. One who dwells or continues. 

A-BTD'ING, ppr. Dwelling ; remaining ; continuing ; en- 
during : awaiting. 

A-BID'lTvG, 71. Continuance ; fixed state : residence ; an 
enduring. 

A-BID'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to continue ; perma- 
nently. 

t A-BIL'I-MENT, n. Formerly used for ability. 

A-BIL'I-TY, 71. [Fr. habilete.^ 1. Physical power, whether 
bodily or mental, natural or acquired ; force of under- 
standing ; skill in arts or science. In the plural, abilities 
is much used for the faculties of the mind. 2. Riches, 
wealth, substance. 3. Moral power, depending on the 
will — a metaphysical and theological sense. 4. Civil or 
legal power ; the power or right to do certain things. It 
is opposed to disability. Cyc. 

AB-IN-TEST'ATE, a. [L. ab and intestatus.] In the civil 
lawj inheriting the estate of one dying without a will. 

t AB-JECT', V. t. To throw away ; to cast out. Spenser. 

AB'JECT, a. [L. abjectus.] 1. Sunk to a low condition. 2. 
Worthless, mean, despicable, low in estimation, without 
hope or regard. 

ABMECT, 71. A person in the lowest condition, and despi- 
cable. Ps. XXXV. 

AB-JE€T'ED-NESS, n. A very low or despicable condition. 
[Little used.] 

AB-JE€'TION, 71. A state of being cast away *, hence a low 
state ; meanness of spirit ; baseness. 

AB'JE€T-LY, adv. In a contemptible manner ; meanly ; 
servilely. 

AB'JECT-NESS, n. The state of being abject ; meanness •, 
servility. 

AB-JU-R a'TION, 7?. 1. The act of abjuring ; a renunciation 
upon oath. 2. A rejection or denial with solemnity ; a 
total abandonment. 

AB-Ju'RA-TO-RY, a. Containing abjuration. 

AB-JuRE', V. t. [L. abjuro.] 1. To renounce upon oath ; to 
abandon. 2. To renounce or reject with solemnity ; to 
reject. 3, To recant or retract. 4. To banish. [Abt 
used.] 

t AB-JuRE', V. i. To abjure the realm. Burnet. 

AB-JuR'ED, (ab-jurd') pp. Renounced upon oath*, solemn- 
ly recanted. 

f AB-JuRE>MENT, n. Renunciation. J. Hall. 

AB-JOR'ER, 71. One who abjures. 

AB-JDR'ING, ppr. Renouncing upon oath ; disclaiming 
with solemnity. 

AB-LAC'TATE, v. t. [L. ablacto.] To wean from the 
breast. 

AB-LAC^TA'TIOX, n. 1. In medical authors, the weaning 
of a child from the breast. 2. Among ancient gardeners, 
a method of grafting, now called grafting by approach, or 
inarching. 

AB-LAQ,-UE-A*TION, n. [L. ablaqueatio.] A laying bare 
the roots of trees to expose them to the air and water. 

AB-LA’TION, 71. [L. ab and latio.] A carrying away, — In 
medicine, the taking from the body whatever is hurtfhl j 
evacuations in general. 

AB'LA-TIVE, a. [L. ablativus.] A word applied to the 
sixth case of nouns in the Latin language. 

A'BLE, a, [L. habilis ; Norm, ablez.] 1. Having physical 
power sufficient ; having competent power or strength, 
bodily or mental. 2, Having strong or unusual powers of 
mind, or intellectual qualifications ; as, an able minister. 


ABO 

3. Having large or competent property ; or simply having 
property, or means. 4. Having competent strength or 
fortitude. 5. Having sufficient knowledge or skill, b 
Having competent moral power or qualifications, 
t A'BLE, V. t. To enable. B. Jonson. 

a'BLE-BOD-IED, a. Having a sound, strong body, or a 
body of competent strength for service. 

I AB*LE-GATE, v. t. [L. ablego.] To send abroad, 
t AB-LE-G A TION, n. The act of sending abroad. 

AB'LEN, or ABLET, n. A small fresh-water fish, tlie 
bleak. 

A BLE-NESS, 71. Ability of body or mind ; force ; vigor 5 
capability. 

AB'LEP-SY, n. [Gr. a^Xexpia.] Want of sight ; blindness. 
A'BLER, and a'IILEST, comp, and superl. of able. 
f AB-Ll-GU-RI'*TION, n. [L. abliguritio.] Prodigal ex- 
pense on meat and drink 
f AB'LI-GATE, v. t. [L. abligo.] To tie up from. 
AB'LO-€ATE, v. t. [L. abloco.] To let out ; to lease. 
AB-LO-€a'TION, 71. A letting to hire, 
t AB-LuDE', V. i. [L. abludo.] To be unlike : to differ. 
Hall. 

AB'LU-ENT, a. [L. abluo.] Washing clean j cleansing by 
water or liquids. 

AB'LU-ENT, n. In medicine, that which thins, purifies, or 
sweetens the blood. Quincy. 

AB-Lu'TION, 7f. [\j. ablutio.] 1. In a general sense, the 
act of washing ; a cleansing or purification by water. 2. 
Appropriately, the washing of the body as a preparation 
for religious duties. — 3. In chemistry, the purification of 
bodies by the affusion of a proper liquor, as \vater to dis- 
solve salts. — 4. In medicine, the washing of the body ex- 
ternally, as by baths ; or internally, by diluting fluids. — 

5. Pope has used ablution for the water used in cleansing. 

6. The cup given to the laity, w’ithout consecration, in 
popish churches. Johnson. 

A^BLY, adv. In an able manner ; with great ability, 
t AB'NE-GATE, v. t. To deny. 

AB-NE-Ga'TION, 7i. [L. abnego.] A denial ; a renuncia- 
tion ; self-denial. 

AB'NE-GA-TOR, n. One who denies, renounces, or opposes 
any thing. Sandys. 

AB-NO-D ACTION, n. [L, abnodo.] The act of cutting away 

flip lrTint«3 nT ti'ppc 

AB-NORM'I-TY, n. Irregularity ; deformity. 
AB-NORM'OUS, a. [L. abnormis.] Irregular ; deformed. 
[Little used.] 

A-BoARD', adv. [a and board.] Within a ship, vessel, or 
boat. — To go aboard, to enter a ship ; to embark To fall 
aboard, to strike a ship’s side. 

A-BoARD', prep. On board ; in *, with, 
t A-BOD'ANCE, n. An omen. 

A-BoDE', pret. of abide. 

A-BoDE', n. 1. Stay ; continuance in a place ; residence 
for a longer or shorter time. 2. A place of continuance ; 
a dwelling ♦, a habitation. 3. To make abode, to dwell or 
reside. 

A-BoDE', V. t. To foreshow. Shak. 

A-BoDE', V. i. To be an omen. Dryden. 

A-BoDE'MENT, n. A secret anticipation of something fix- 
ture. Shak. 

A-BOD'ING, 71. Presentiment ; prognostication. 
AB-O-LeTE' a. [L. abolitus.] Old ; out of use. 
A-BOL'ISH, V. t. [Fr. abolir.] 1. To make void ; to annul ; 
to abrogate ; applied chiefly and appropriately to estab- 
lished laws, contracts, rites, customs, and institutions ; 
Jis, to abolish laws by a repeal. 2, To destroy, or put an 
end to ; as, to abolish idols. Isa. ii. To abolish death. 
2 Tim. 1. This sense is not common. 
A-BOL'ISH-A-BLE, a. That may be annulled, abrogated, 
or destroyed, 

A-BOL'ISHED, pp. Annulled ; repealed ; abrogated, or de- 
stroyed. 

A-BOL'ISH-ER, n. One who abolishes, 

A-BOL'ISII-ING, ppr. Making void j annulling ; destroy- 
ing. 

A-BOL'ISH-MENT, n. The act of annulling j abrogation ; 
destruction. Hooker. 

AB-0-LI*<TI0N, (ab-o-lish'un) n. The act of abolishing ; or 
the state of being abolished ; an annulling ; abrogation j 
utter destruction. 

AB-O-LI 'TION-IST, n. One who is desirous to abolish any 
thing. 

A-BOM'IN-A-BLE, a. Very hatefiil •, detestable ; lothe- 
some ; unclean. Levit, vii, 

A-BOMMN-A-BLE»NESS, n. The quality or state of being 
very odious ; hatefiilness, 

A-BOM'IN-A-BLY, adv, 1, Very odiously ; detestably ; sin- 
fully. — 2, In vulgar language, extremely, excessively, 
A-BOM'IN-ATE, v. t, [L, aboniino.] To hate extremely j 
to abhor t to detest. 

A-BOM'IN-A-TED, pp. Hated utterly j detested j abhor- 
red, 

A-BOMTN-A-TTNG, ppr. Abhorring j hating extremely, 


Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 5— BTJLL, UNITE,— € as K 5 G as J } S aa Z ; CH as SII j TH as in this, f OhsohU. 


ABR 


4 


ABS 


A-BOM-IK-A/TION, n. 1. Extreme hatred j detestation. 
Sioift. 2. The object of detestation ; a common signi^ca- 
tion in Scripture. 3. Hence, dehlement, pollution, in a 
physical sense, or evil doctrines and practices, which are 
moral defilements, idols, and idolatry, are called abomina- 
tions. Whatever is an object of extreme hatred is called 
an abomination. 

A-BOOS'j prep. Above. Provincial. 

A-BoRD', H. [Fr.] Literally, arrival ; but used for first ap- 
pearance, manner of accosting, or address j but not an 
English word. 

t A-BoRD', V. t. To accost. 

A-Bo RE-A, n. A species of duck. 

AB-O-RIG'I-NAL, a. [L. ab and origo.] First ; original ; 
primitive ; aboriginal people are the first inhabitants of a 
country. 

AB-0-Rl6'I-NAL, n. An original, or primitive inhabitant. 
The first settlers in a country are called aboriginals. 

AB-O-RiG'I-NES, n. plu. Aboriginals j but not an English 
word. 

t A-BORSE'MENT, n. Abortion. 

f A-BORT', V. i. [L. dborto.] To miscarry in birth. 

jA-BORT', 71. An abortion. Burton. 

A-BOR'TION, 71. [E. abortio.] 1. The act of miscarrying, 
or producing young before the natural time. — 2. In a fig- 
urative sense, any fruit or produce that does not come to 
maturity, or any thing which fails in its progress. 3. The 
fetus brought forth before it is perfectly formed. 

A-BOR'TIVE, a. 1. Brought forth in an immature state ; 
failing, or coming to naught, before it is complete. 2. 
Failing in its effect; miscarrying; producing nothing; 
as, an abortive scheme. 3. Rendering abortive. 4. Per- 
taining to abortion. — 5. In botany, an abortive flower is 
one which falls without producing fruit. 

A-BOR'TIVE, 71. That which is brought forth or born pre- 
maturely. {Little used."] 

A-BOR'TIVE-LY, adv. Immaturely ; in an untimely man- 
ner. 

A-BOR'TIVE-NES3, n. The state of being abortive ; a fail- 
ing in the progress to perfection or maturity ; a failure of 
producing the intended effect. 

A-BORT'MENT, n. An untimely birth. Bacon. 

A-BOUND', V. i. [L. abnndo.'\ 1. To have or possess in great 
quantity ; to be copiously supplied ; followed by with or in. 
2. To be in great plenty ; to be very prevalent. 

A-BOUND'IN(J, ppr. Having in great plenty; being in 
great plenty ; being very prevalent. 

A-BOUND'ING, n. Increase. South. 

A-BOUT', prep. [Sax. abutan.] 1. Around ; on the exterior 
part or surface. 2. Near to in place, with the sense of 
circularity. 3. Near to in time. 4. Near to in action, or 
near to the performance of some act. 5. Near to the per- 
son ; appended to the clothes. 6. Concerned in, engaged 
in, relating to, respecting. 7. In compass or circumfe- 
rence ; as, two yards about the trunk. 

A-BOUT<, adv. I . Near *o in number or quantity. 2. Near 
to in quality or degree ; as, about as high, or as cold. 3. 
Here and there ; around ; in one place and another. 4. 
Round, or the longest way, opposed to across, or the 
shortest way ; as, a mile about, and half a mile across. 

A-B6VE', prep. [Sax. abufan.~\ 1. LiteraZf?/, higher in place. 

2. Figuratively, superior in any respect. 3. More in 
number or quantity. 4. More in degree ; in a greater de- 
gree. 5. Beyond ; in excess. 6. Beyond ; in a state to 
be unattainable ; as, things above comprehension. 7. Too 
proud for. 8. Too elevated in mind or rank ; having too 
much dignity for. 9. It is often used, elliptically, for 
heaven, or the celestial regions. 10. In a book or writ- 
ing, it denotes before, or in a former place ; as, what has 
been said above ; supra. 

A-B6VE', adv. 1. Overhead ; in a higher place. 2. Before. 

3. Chief in rank or power. — .Above all is elliptical ; above 
all considerations ; chiefly ; in preference to other things. 
— tibove board, above the board or table ; in open sight ; 
without trick, concealment, or deception. 

A-BoVE'-Cl-TED. Cited before, in tlie preceding part of 
a book or writing. 

A-B6VE' -GROUND. Alive, not buried. 

A-B6VE'-MEN-T10NED. Mentioned before. 

ABP. Abbreviation for Archbishop. 

AB RA-CA-DAB^RA. The name of a deity worshiped by 
the Syrians ; a cabalistic word. 

AB-RaDR/, v. t. [L. abrado.] To rub or wear off ; to waste 
by friction ; used especially to express the action of sharp, 
corrosive medicines. 

AB-RAD'ED, pp. Rubbed or worn off ; worn ; scraped. 

AB-RaD'ING, ppr. Rubbing off; wearing. 

AB-RA-H AM'IC, a. Pertaining to Abraham. 

t A-BRAID', V. t. To arouse ; to awake. 

AB-Ra'SION, (ab-ra'-zhun) n. The act of wearing or rub- 
bing off; also substance worn off by attrition. 

A-BREAST', (a-brest') adw. [from a and breast.] Side by 
side, with the breasts in a line. 

A-BRPDGE, (a-bridj') v. t. [Fr. abriger.] 1. To make 


shorter ; to epitomize ; to contract by using fewer words, 
yet retaining the sense in substance ; used of writings. 

2. To lessen; to diminish: as, to abridge labor. 3. To 
deprive; to cut oflT from ; followed by o/; as, to abridge 
one of his rights.- — 4. In algebra, to reduce a compound 
quantity or equation to its more simple expression. 

A-BRIDG'ED, (a-bridjd') pp. Made shorter; epitomized; 
reduced to a smaller compass ; lessened ; deprived. 

A-BRIDG'ER, n. One who abridges; one who makes a 
com pend. 

A-BRIDG'ING, pp?*. Shortening; lessening; depriving; 
debarring."' 

A-BRIDG'MENT, n. 1. An epitome; a compend, or sum- 
mary of a book. 2. Diminution ; contraction ; reduction. 

3. Deprivation ; a debarring or restraint. 

A-BRoACH', adv. Broached ; letting out or yielding liquor, 

or in a posture for letting out ; as, a cask is abroach. Fig- 
uratively used by Shakspeare for setting loose, or in a 
state of being diffused. 

t A-BRoACH', V. t. To tap ; to set abroach. 

J\-BROAD', (a-brawd') adv. 1. At large; widely; not con- 
fined to narrow limits 2. In the open air. 3. Beyond 
or out of the walls of a house. 4. Beyond the bounds of 
a country ; in foreign countries. 5. Extensively ; before 
the public at large. 

AB'RO-GA-BLE, a. That may be abrogated. 

AB'RO-GATE, v. t. [L. ahrogo.] To repeal ; to annul by 
an authoritative act ; to abolish by the authority of the 
maker or his successor; applied to the repeal of laws, 
decrees, ordinances, the abolition of established customs, 
&c. 

fAB'RO-GATE, a. Annulled. 

AB'RO-GA-TED, pp. Repealed ; annulled by an act of au- 
thority. 

AB'RO-GA-TING, ppr. Repealing by authority ; making 
void. 

AB-RO-Ga^TION, n. The act of abrogating ; a repeal by 
authority of the legislative power. 

t A-BROOD', adv. In the action of brooding. 

f A-BROOD'ING, n. A sitting abrood. Basset. 

fA-BRQOK', V. t. To brook, to endure. See Brook. 
Shale. 

AB-Ro'TA-NUM, n. [Gr. A0porovov.] A species of plant, 
called also southern-wood. 

AB-RUPT', a. [L. abruptus.] 1. Literally, broken off, or 
broken short. 2. Steep, craggy ; applied to rocks, preci- 
pices and the like. 3. Figuratively, sudden ; without no- 
tice to prepare the mind for the event. 4. Unconnected ; 
having sudden transitions from one subject to another. 

AB-RUPT', n. A chasm or gulf with steep sides. “ Over 
the vast abimpt.’^ Milton. 

t AB-RUPT', V. t. To disturb. Brown. 

AB-RUP'TION, 71. A sudden breaking off; a violent sep- 
aration of bodies. 

AB-RUPT'LY, adv. Suddenly ; without giving notice, or 
without the usual forms. 

AB-RUPT'NESS, n. 1. A state of being broken ; cragged- 
ness ; steepness. 2. Figuratively, suddenness ; uncere- 
monious haste or vehemence. 

AB'SCESS, 71. [L. ahscessus.] An imposthunie. Matter 
generated by the suppuration of an inflammatory tumor. 

AB->SCIND', V. t. [L. abscindo.] To cut off. 

AB'SeiSS, 71. [L. abscissus.] In conics, a part of the diame- 
ter, or transverse axis of a conic section, intercepted be- 
tween the vertex, or some other fixed point, and a semi- 
ordinate. 

AB-SCIS"SION, (ab-sizh'un) n. A cutting off, or a being 
cut off. — In surgery, the separation of any corrupted or 
useless part of the body, by a sharp instrument. 

AB-SGOND', 7?. 7. [L. abscondo.] 1. To retire from public 
view, or from the place in which one resides or is ordina- 
rily to be found ; to withdraw, or absent one’s self in a 
private manner ; to be concealed ; appropriately used of 
persons who secrete themselves to avoid a legal process. 
2. To hide, withdraw, or be concealed. 

f AB-SGOND', V. t. To conceal. Jlewyt. 

AB-SGOND'ENCE, n. Concealment. 

AB-SGOND'ER, n. One who withdraws from public notice, 
or conceals himself. 

AB-SGOND'ING, ppr. Withdrawing privately from public 
view. 

AB'SENCE, 71. [L. aJseTi^.] 1. A state of being at a dis- 
tance in place, or not in company. 2. Want ; destitu- 
tion ; implying no previous presence. — 3. In law, non-ap- 
pearance ; a not being in court to answer. 4. Heedless- 
ness ; inattention to things present. 

AB'SENT, a. Not present ; not in company ; at such a dis- 
tance as to prevent communication. 2. Heedless ; inat- 
tentive to persons present, or to subjects of conversation 
in company. — 3. In familiar language, not at home ; as, 
the master of the house is absent. 

AB-SENT', V. t. To depart to such a distance as to prevent 
intercourse ; to retire or withdraw ; to forbear to appear 
in presence ; used with the reciprocal pronoun. 


♦ See ST/nopsis, £, T, 0, t?, Y, long. — FAR, F.^LL, WH^^T ; — PR£Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


ABS 


5 


ABS 


f AB'SENT, n. One who is not present. 

AB-SEN-TEE', n. One who withdraws from his country, 
office, or estate ; one who removes to a distant place, or 
to another country. 

AB-SENT'ER, n. One who absents himself. 

AB-SENT'MENT, n. A state of being absent. Barrow. 

AB-SINTH'I-AN, a. Of the nature of wormwood. 

AB-SINTH'I-A-TED, a. Impregnated with wormwood. 
Diet. 

AB-SINTH'I-UM, n. [Gr. axpivOiov.] The common worm- 
wood j a bitter plant, used as a tonic. A species of Arte- 
misia. 

AB'SIS. In astronomy. See Apsis. 

f AB-SIST', V. i. To stand off j to leave off. 

AB'SO-LUTE, a. [L. absolutus.] 1. Literally ^ in a general 
sense^ free, independent of any thing extraneous, lienee, 

2. Complete in itself ; positive ; as, an absolute declara- 
tion. 3. Unconditional ; as, an absolute promise. 4. Ex- 
isting independent of any other cause ; as, God is abso- 
lute. 5. Unlimited by extraneous power or control ; as, 
an absolute government or prince. 6. Not relative j as, 
absolute space. 

AB'SO-LUTE-LY, adv. 1. Completely, wholly. 2. With- 
out dependence or relation ; in a state unconnected. 3. 
Without restriction or limitation. 4. Without condition. 
5. Positively, peremptorily. 

AB'SO-LUTE-NESS, n. 1. Independence ; completeness in 
itself. 2. Despotic authority, or that which is subject to 
no extraneous restriction, or control. 

AB-SO-Lfj'TION, n. In the civil law, an acquittal or sen- 
tence of a judge declaring an accused person innocent. — 
In the canon law, a remission of sins pronounced by a 
priest in favor of a penitent. — dmong Protestants, a sen- 
tence by which an excommunicated person is released 
from his liability to punishment. 

* AB'SO-LU-TO-RY, a. Absolving ; that absolves. 

AB-SOLV'A-TO-RY, a. Containing absolution, pardon, or 
release ; having power to absolve. 

AB-SOLVE', (ab-zolv') v. t. [L. absolve.] To set free or re- 
lease from some obligation ; as, to absolve a person from 
a promise ; to absolve an offender. Hence, in the civil 
law, the word was used for acquit j and in the canon laio, 
for forgive, or a sentence of remission. In ordinary lan~ 
guage, its sense is, to set free or release from an engage- 
ment. Formerly, good writers used the word in the 
sense of finish, accomplish ; as, to absolve work, in Mil- 
ton ; but, in this sense, it seems to be obsolete. 

AB-SOLV'ED, (ab-zolvd') pp. Released , acquitted ; remit- 
ted ; declared innocent. 

AB-?OLV'ER, 71. One who absolves ; also one that pro- 
nounces sin to be remitted. 

AB-SOLV'ING, ppr. getting free from a debt, or charge ; 
acquitting ; remitting. 

AB'SO-NANT, a. Wide from the purpose ; contrary to rea- 
son. 

AIVSO-NOUS, a. [L. absonus.] Unmusical, or untunable. 

AB-SORB', V. t. [L. absorbeo.] 1. To drink in ; to suck up •, 
to imbibe, as a spunge. 2. To drink in, swallow up, or 
overwhelm with water, as a body in a whirlpool. 3. To 
waste wholly or sink in expenses •, to exhaust ; as, to ab- 
sorb an estate in luxury. 4. To engross or engage whol- 
ly ; as, absorbed in study or the pursuit of wealth. 

AB-SORB-A-BIL'I-T Y, n. The state or quality of being ab- 
sorbable. 

AB-SORB'A-BLE, a. That may be imbibed or swallowed. 

AB-SORB'ED, or AB-SORFP', pp. Imbibed ; swallowed ; 
wasted ; engaged ; lost in study ; wholly engrossed. 

AB-SORB'ENT, a. Imbibing ; swallowing. 

AB-SORE'ENT, n. In anatomq, a vessel which imbibes ; as 
the lacteals, lymphatics, and inhaling arteries. — In medi- 
cine, a testaceous powder, or other substance, which im- 
bibes the humors of the bod}\ 

AB-vSORB'IiVG, ppr. Imbibing ; engrossing ; wasting. 

AB-SORP'TION, n. 1. The act or process of iinbihing or 
swallowing •, either by water which overwhelms, or by 
substances which drink in and retain liquids j as, the ab- 
sorption of a body in a whirlpool. — 2. In chemistry, the 
conversion of a gaseous fluid into a liquid or solid, by 
union with another substance. 

AB-gORP'TlVE, a. Having power to imbibe. 

AB-STaIN', V. i. rU. abstineo.] In a general sen^e, to for- 
bear, or refrain from, voluntarily ; but used chiefly to de- 
note a restraint upon the passions or appetites j to refrain 
from indulgence. 

AB-STeJ MI-OUS, a. abstemius.] 1. Sparing in diet; 
refraining from a free use of food and strong drinks. 2. 
Sparing in the enjoyment of animal pleasures of any kind. 

3. Sparingly used, or used with temperance ; belonging 
to abstinence ; as, an abstemious diet ; an abstemious 
life. 

AB-STk'MI-OUS-LY, adv. Temperately ; with a sparing 
use of meat or drink. 

AB-STe'MI-OUS-NESS, V. The quality of being temperate 
or sparing in the use of food and strong drinks. 


AB-STERGE', (ab-sterj') v. t. [L. abstergeo.] To wipe, or 
make clean by wiping ; to cleanse by resolving obstruc- 
tions in the body. 

AB-STERG'ENT, a. Wiping ; cleansing. 

AB-STERG'ENT, n. A medicine which frees the body from 
obstructions, as soap ; but the use of the word is nearly 
superseded by detergent, which see. 

AB-STER'SION, n. [L. abstergeo, abstersus.] The act of 
wiping clean ; or a cleansing by medicines which resolve 
obstructions. 

AB-STER'SIVE, a. Cleansing ; having the quality of re- 
moving obstructions. 

AB'STI-NENCE, 71. [L. abstinentia.] 1 In general, the 
act or practice of voluntarily refraining from, or forbear- 
ing any action. 2. The refraining from an indulgence of 
appetite, or from customary gratifications of animal pro- 
pensities. It denotes a total forbearance, as in fasting, or 
a forbearance of the usual quantity. 

AB STI-NENT, a. Refraining from indulgence, especially 
in the use of food and drink. 

AB'STI-NENT-LY, adv. With abstinence. 

AB'STI-NENTS. A sect which appeared in France and 
Spain in the third century. 

t AB-STORT'ED, part. a. [L. ahstortus.] Forced away. 

AB-STRACT', v. t. [L. abstraho.] 1. To draw from, or to 
separate. 2. To separate ideas by the operation of the 
mind ; to consider one part of a complex object, or to 
have a partial idea of it in the mind. 3. To select or sep- 
arate the substance of a book or writing ; to epitomize or 
reduce to a summary. — 4. In chemistry, to separate, as 
the more volatile parts of a substance by repeated distilla- 
tion, or at least by distillation. 

AB'STRACT, a. [L. abstraettis.] 1. Separate ; distinct 
from something else. An abstract idea, in metaphysics, 
is an idea separated from a complex object, or from other 
ideas which naturally accompany it, as the solidity of 
marble contemplated apart from its color or figure. Ab- 
stract terms are those which express abstract ideas, as 
beauty, whiteness, roundness, without regarding any sub- 
ject in which they exist ; or abstract terms are the names 
of orders, generator species of things, in which there is a 
combination of similar qualities. 2. Separate, existing in 
the mind only ; as, an abstract subject ; an abstract ques 
tion ; and hence difficult, abstruse. 

AB'STRAGT, n. 1. A summary, or epitome, containint 
the substance, a general view, or the principal heads oi 
a treatise or writing. 2. Formerly, an extract, or a small- 
er quantity, containing the essence of a larger. — In the 
abstract, in a state of separation, as a subject considered 
in the abstract, i. e. without reference to particular per- 
sons or things. 

AB-STRA€T'ED, pp. Separated ; refined ; e.xalted ; ab- 
struse ; absent in mind. 

AB-STRACT'ED-LY, adv. In a separate state, or in con- 
templation only. 

AB-STRAGT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being abstracted, 
Baxter. 

AB-STRA€T'ER, n. One who makes an abstract, or sum- 
mary. 

AB-STRA€T'ING, ppr. Separating ; making a summary. 

AB-STRA€'TION, n. 1. The act of separating, or state of 
being separated. 2. The operation of the mind when oc- 
cupied by abstract ideas ; as when we contemplate some 
particular part or property of a complex object, as separate 
from the rest. 3. A separation from worldly objects ; a 
recluse life ; as, a hermit’s abstraction. 4. Absence of 
mind ; inattention to present objects. 5. In the process 
of distillation, the term is used to denote the separation 
of the volatile parts, which rise, come over, and are con- 
densed in a receiver, from those which are fixed. 

AB-STRAGT'IVE, a. Having the power or quality of ab- 
stracting. 

AB-STRA€T'IVE, or AB-STRA€-TI»TIOUS, a. Abstract- 
ed, or drawn from other substances, particularly from 
vegetables, without fermentation. 

AB'STRACT-LY, adv. Separately ; absolutely ; in a state 
or manner unconnected with any thing else. 

AB'5TRA€T-NESS, n. A separate state ; a state of being 
in contemplation only, or not connected with .any object. 

t AB-STRIUT'ED, port. a. [L. abstrictus.] Unbound. 

t AB-STRINGE', v. t. To unbind. 

t AB-STRUDE', v. t. To thrust or pull away. 

AB-STRUSE', a. [L. abstrusus.] Hid ; concealed ; hence, 
remote from apprehension ; difficult to be comprehended 
or understood ; opposed to what is obvious. 

AB-STRUSE^LY, adv. In a concealed manner j obscurely , 
in a manner not to be easily understood. 

AB-STRUSE'NESS, n. Obscurity of meaning ; the state or 
quality of being difficult to be understood. 

t AB-STRu'SI-TY, n. Abstruseness. Brown. 

f AB-StiME', V. t. [L. absumo.] To bring to an end by grad- 

\l^l Whilst© 

t AB-SUMFTION, n. Destruction. 

AB-SURD , a. [L. absurdus.] Opposed to manifest truth : 


• See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE j— BfJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CII as SII ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


ACA 


(5 


ACC 


inconsistent witli reason, or the plain dictates of com- 
mon sense. An absurd man acts contrary to the clear 
dictates of reason or sound judgment. An prop- 

osition contradicts obvious truth. An absurd practice or 
opinion is repugnant to the reason or common apprehen- 
sion of men. It is absurd to say, six and six make ten. 

AB-SURD'I-TY, n. 1. The quality of being inconsistent 
with obvious trutli, reason, or sound judgment. Want 
of judgment, applied to men ; want of propriety, applied 
to things. Johnson. 2. That which is absurd : in this 
sense it has a plural j the absurdities of men. 

AB-SURD'LY, ado. In a manner inconsistent with reason, 
or obvious propriety. 

AB-SURD'NESS, n. The same as absurdity, and less used. 

A-BUXD'ANCE, n. [Fr. abondance.] Great plenty j an over- 
flowing quantity ; ample sufliciency ; in strictness, appli- 
cable to quantity only ; but customarily used of number j 
as, an abundance of peasants. It denotes also fullness, 
overflowing ; as, the abundance of the heart. Mat. xii. 

A-BUXD'AXT, a. Plentiful; in great quantity ; fully suf- 
ficient ; as, an abundant supply. — In Scripture, abound- 
ing ; liaving in great quantity ; overflowing witli. 

A-BLTXD'ANT-LY, adv. Fully ; amply ; plentifully ; in a 
sufficient degree. 

t A B U 'S AG E , n . Ab use . 

A-BuSE', V. t. [Fr. abxtser.} 1. To use ill ; to maltreat ; 
to misuse ; to use with bad motives or to wrong pur- 
poses ; as, to abuse privileges. 2. To violate ; to defile 
by improper sexual intercourse. 3. To deceive ; to im- 
pose on. 4. To treat rudely, or with reproachful lan- 
guage ; to revile. 5. To pervert the meaning of; to mis- 
apply ; as, to abiLse words. 

A-BuSE', n. 1. Ill use ; improper treatment or employment ; 
application to a wrong purpose ; as, an abuse of our natu- 
ral powers. 2. A corrupt practice or custom ; as, the 
abuses of government. 3. Rude speech ; reproachful lan- 
guage addressed to a person ; contumely ; reviling words. 
4. Seduction. 5. Perversion of meaning ; improper use 
or application ; as, an abuse of words. 

A-BuS'£D, (a-buzd') pp. Ill-used ; used to a bad purpose ; 
treated with rude language ; misemployed ; perverted 
to bad or wrong ends ; deceived ; defiled ; violated. 

t A-BuSE'FUL, a. Using or practicing abuse ; abusive. 

A-BuS'ER, n. One who abuses ; one that deceives ; a rav- 
isher. 

A-BuS'IXG, ppr. Using ill ; employing to bad purposes ; 
deceiving ; violating the person ; perverting. 

A-Bu'SIOxV, (a-bu'-zhun) n. Abuse ; evil or corrupt usage ; 
reproach. [Little used.] 

A-BC'SIVE, a. 1. Practicing abuse ; offering harsh words, 
or ill treatment. 2. Containing abuse, or that is the in- 
strument of abuse ; as, abusive words ; rude ; reproach- 
ful_. 

A-Bu'SIVE-LY, adv. In an abusive manner ; rudely ; 
reproachfully. 

A-Bu'SIVE-XESS, 71. Ill-usage ; the quality of being abu- 
sive ; rudeness of language, or violence to the person. 

A-BUT', V. i. [Fr. aboutir.] To border upon ; to be con- 
tiguous to ; to meet ; in strictness, to adjoin to at the 
end. 

A-BUT'MEXT, n. I. The head or end ; that which unites 
one end of a thing to another. 2. That which abuts or 
borders on another. 

A-BUT'TAL, 71. The butting or boundary of land at the 
end ; a head-land. Spelman. 

t A-BY', V. t. or i. [probably contracted from abide.] To en- 
dure ; to pay dearly ; to remain. Spenser. 

A-BYSM', (a-byzm') n. [Old Fr. ; now abime.] A gulf. 
Shak. 

t A-BYS'MAL, a. Bottomless. Coles. 

A-BYSS’, 71. [Gr. a^vcraog.] 1. A bottomless gulf ; used also 
for a deep mass of waters, supposed by some to have en- 
compassed the earth before the flood. The wmrd is also 
used for an immense cavern in the earth, in which God is 
supposed to have* collected all the waters on the third 
day of the creation. It is used also for hell, Erebus. 2. 
That which is immeasurable ; tliat in which any thing 
is lost. 

AB-Y'S-SIX'I-AX^, a. Belonging to Abyssinia. 

AB-YS-SIX'I-AXS, 71. A sect of Christians in Abyssinia, 
who admit but one nature in Jesus Christ, and reject the 
council ofChalcedon. Encyc. 

AC, in Saxon, oak ; the initial syllable of names ; as, Acton, 
Oaktown. 

A-CAC'A-LOT, or A€'A-LOT, n. A Mexican fowl, the 
Tantahis Mcxicanus, or w^ater raven. See Acalot. 

A-€A'CIA, V. [L.] Egyptian thorn. — In medicine, it is a 
name given to the inspissated juice of the unripe fruit of 
the mimosa Milotica, w'hich is brought from Egypt in 
roundish masses, in bladders. 

A-€a*CIANS, in church history, were certain sects, so de- 
nominated from Acacius. Encyc. 

t AC-A-DkME', 71. An academy ; a society of persons. 

AC-A-De'MI-AL, a. Pertaining to an academy. 


AC-A-Dk'MI-AN, 71. A member of an academy ; a student 
in a university or college. 

AC-A-DEM'IC, or AC-A-DEMT-CAL, a. Belonging to an 
academy, or to a college or university ; as, academic 
studies ; also noting what belongs to the school or philos- 
ophy of Plato ;. as, the academic sect. 

AC-A-DEM'IC, 71. One who belonged to the school, or ad- 
hered to the philosophy, of Socrates and Plato ; a student. 

A€1-A-DEMT-CAL-LY, adv. In an academical manner. 

AC-A-DE-MI"CIAN, n. [Fr. academicien.] A member of an 
academy, or society for promoting arts and sciences ; par- 
ticularly, a member of the lYench academies. 

A-CAD'E-MISM, n. The doctrine of the academic philoso- 
phy. Baxter. 

A-€AD'E-MIST, n. A member of an academy for promoting 
arts and sciences ; also an academic philosopher. 

A-€AD'E-MY, n. [L. academia.] Originally, it is said, a 
garden, grove, or villa, near Athens, where Plato and his 
follow^ers held their philosophical conferences. 1. A 
school, or seminary of learning, holding a rank between 
a university or college and a common school ; also a 
school for teaching a particular art, or particular sciences ; 
as, a military academy. 2. A house, in which the stu- 
dents or members of an academy meet ; a place of edu- 
cation. 3. A society of men united for the promotion of 
arts and sciences in general, or of some particular art. 

A€'A-LOT, 77. [contracted from acacalotl.] A Mexican 
fowl, called by some the aquatic crow. 

A€-A-MAG'U, 71. A bird ; the Brazilian fly-catcher, or to- 
dus. 

A€-A-Na'CEOUS, a. [Gr. aKavog.] Armed with prickles. 
Milne, 

A-€AXTH'A, n. [Gr. aKavBa.] In botany, a prickle. — In 
zoology, a spine or prickly fin ; an acute process of the 
vertebers. 

A€-AN-THa'CEOUS, a. Armed with prickles, as a plant. 

A-GAN'THA-RIS, n. In entomology, a species of cimex. 

A-€ANTH'INE, a. [See Acanthus.] Pertaining to the 
plant acanthus. 

A€-AN-TH0P-TE-RY"G'I-0US, a. [Gr. oKavOog.] In zoolo- 
gy, having back fins which are hard, bony, and prickly ; 
a term applied to certain fishes, 

A-UAXTIPUS, 77. [Gr. a7cav(?os.] 1. The plant beards 
breech, or brank ursine. — 2. In architecture, an ornament 
resembling the foliage or leaves of the acanthus. 

A-€AN'TI-COXE, 77. See Pistacite. 

A-€ARX'AR, 77. A bright star. Bailey. 

A-€AT-A-LE€'TI€, n. [Gr. aKaraXyKTog.] A verse, which 
has the complete number of syllables. Johnson. 

A-UAT'A-LEP-SY, n. [Gr. aAaraX^T^(a.] Impossibility of 
complete discovery or comprehension ; incomprehensibil- 
ity. Whitaker. 

A-€AT'E-CHI-LI, v. A Mexican bird. 

A €AT/ER,A€ATES. See Caterer and Cates. 

A-CAU'LINE, ) a. [L. a. priv. and caulis.] In botany, 

A-CAU>LOUS, \ without a stem ; having flowers resting 
on the ground. 

A€-CeDE', V. i. [L. accedo.] 1. To agree or assent, as to 
a proposition, or to terms proposed by another. 2. To be- 
come a party, by agreeing to the terms of a treaty. 

AC-CeD'ING. ppr. Agreeing ; assenting. 

AC-CEL'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. accelero.] 1. To cause to move 
faster ; to hasten ; to quicken motion ; to add to the ve- 
locity of a moving body. 2. To add to natural or ordinary 
progression ; as, to accelerate the growth of a plant. 3. 
To bring nearer in time ; to shorten the time between 
the present time and a future event. 

AC-CEL'ER-A-TED, pp. Quickened in motion ; liastened 
in progress. 

A€-C-EL'ER-A-TING, ppr. Hastening ; increasing velo- 
city or progression. 

AC-CEL-ER-a'TIOX, 77. The act of increasing velocity or 
progress ; the state of being quickened in motion or ac- 
tion. 

A€-CEL'ER-A-TIVE, a. Adding to velocity ; quickening 
progression. Reid. 

AC-CEL'ER-A-TO-RY, a. Accelerating ; quickening mo- 
tion. 

t AC-CEND', V. t. [L. accendo.] To kindle ; to set on fire. 

A€-CEX"D-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Capacity of being kindled, or of 
becoming inflamed. 

AC-CEXD'I-BLE, a. Capable of being inflamed or kindled. 
Ure. 

A€-CEX'SIOX, 77. The act of kindling or setting on fire ; 
or the state of being kindled ; inflammation. Chemis- 
try. 

AC'CENT, 77. [L. accentus.] 1. The modulation of the 
voice in reading or speaking. 2. A particular stress or 
force of voice upon certain syllables of words, which 
distinguishes them from the others. Accent is of two 
kinds, primary and secondary, as in as'piraition. 3. A 
mark or character used in writing to direct the stress of 
the voice in pronunciation. 4. A modulation of the voice 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tj, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^^T ;— PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


ACC 


ACC 7 

expressive of passions or sentiments. Prior. 5. Manner [ 
of speaking. Obs. Shak. — 6. Poetically^ words, language, 
or expressions in general. Dryden.-^l . In music, a swell- 
ing of sounds, for the purpose of variety or expression. 

8. A peculiar tone or inflection of voice. 

AC-CENT', V. t. To express accent ; to utter a syllable with 
a particular stress or modulation of the voice. — In poetry, 
to utter or pronounce in general. Also, to note accents 
by marks in writing. 

A€-CENT'ED, pp. Uttered with accent j marked with ac- 
cent. 

AC-CENT'ING, ppr. Pronouncing or marking with ac- 
cent. 

A€-CENT'U-AL, a. Pertaining to accent. 

A€-CENT'U-ATE, v. t. To mark or pronounce with an 
accent, or with accents. 

A€-CENT-U-a'TION, n. The act of placing accents in 
writing, or of pronouncing them in speaking. 

A€-CEPT', V. t. [L. accepto.] 1. To take or receive what 
is offered with a consenting mind ; to receive with ap- 
probation or favor. 2. To regard with partiality ; to value 
or esteem. 3. To consent or agree to ; to receive as 
terms of a contract •, as, to accept a treaty ; often follow- 
ed by of. 4. To understand j to have a particular idea 
of; to receive in a particular sense. — 5. In commerce, 
to agree or promise to pay, as a bill of exchange. See 

C£PTANCE 

* A€-CEPT'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be received with pleas- 
ure ; hence, pleasing to a receiver ; gratifying. 2. Agree- 
able or pleasing in person. 

* A€-CEPT'A-BLE-NESS, or AU-CEPT-A-BIL'I-TY, n. 
The quality of being agreeable to a receiver. 

* AG-UEPT'A-BL Y, adv. In a manner to please, or give 
satisfaction. 

AG-CEPT'ANCE, n. 1. A receiving with approbation or 
satisfaction ; favorable reception. 2. The receiving of a 
bill of exchange, or order, in such a manner as to bind the 
acceptor to make payment. 3. An agreeing to terms or 
proposals in commerce, by which a bargain is concluded, 
and the parties bound. 4. An agreeing to the act or con- 
tract of another, by some act which binds the person in 
law. — 5. In mercantile language, a bill of exchange ac- 
cepted ; as, a merchant receives another’s acceptance in 
payment. 6. Formerly, the sense in which a word is 
understood. Obs. 

AG-CEP-Ta'TION, n. 1. Kind reception ; a receiving with 
favor or approbation. 2. A state of being acceptable ; 
favorable regard. 3. The meaning or sense in which a 
word or expression is understood, or generally received. 

4. Reception in general. Obs. 

AG-CEPT'ED, pp. Kindly received ; regarded ; agreed to ; 
understood ; received as a bill of exchange. 

AG-GEPT'ER, or AG-CEPT'OR, n. A person who accepts. 

I AG-CEP-TI-La'TION, n. The remission of a debt by an ac- 
quittance from the creditor. Cotgrave. 

AG-CEPT'rNG, ppr. Receiving favorably ; agreeing to ; 
understanding. 

t AG-CEP'T£ON, n. The received sense of a word. 

•f AG-CEPT'IVE, a. Ready to accept. B. Jonson. 

AG-CESS', n. [L. accessns.J 1. A coming to ; near ap- 
proach ; admittance ; admission ; as, to gain access to a 
prince. 2. Approach, or the way by which a thing may 
be approached ; as, the access is by a neck of land. 3. 
Means of approach ; liberty to approach ; implying pre- 
vious obstacles. 4. Admission to sexual intercourse. 5. 
Addition ; increase by something added ; as, an access of 
territory. 6. The return of a fit or paroxysm of disease. 

AG'CES-SA-RI-LY. See Accessorily. 

AG'CES-SA-RI-NESS. See Accessoriness 

AG'CES-SA-RY. See Accessory. 

AG-CES-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being approacha- 
ble, or of admitting access. 

AG-CESS'l-BLE, a. 1. That may be approached or reached. 

2. Easy of approach ; affable. 

AG-CESS'ION, n. [L. accessio.~\ 1. A coming to ; an acced- 
ing to and joining. 2. Increase by something added ; 
that which is added ; augmentation. — 3. In lair, a mode 
of acquiring property. 4. The act of arriving at a throne, 
an office, or dignity. .5. That which is added. 6. The 
invasion of a fit of a periodical disease, or fever. 

AG-CESSTOX-AE, a. Additional. 

AG-CES-S6'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an accessory; as, ac- 
cessorial agency, accessorial guilt. Burr’s Trial. 

AG'CES-SO-R[-LY, adc. In the manner of an accessory ; by 
subordinate means. 

AG'CES-SO-RI-NESP, n. The state of being accessory. 

AG'CES-SO-RY, a. [L. accessorius.'] 1. Acceding ; contrib- 
uting ; aiding in producing some effect, or acting in 
subordination to the principal agent. Usually in a bad 
sense. 2. Aiding in certain acts or effects in a seconda- 
ry manner ; as, accessory sounds in music. 

AG'CES-SO-RY, v. 1. In law, one w'ho is guilty of a felony, 
not by committing the offense in person, or as principal, 
but by advising or commanding another to commit the 


crime, or by concealing the offender. 2. That which ac- 
cedes or belongs to something else, as its principal. 

AG'CX-DENCE, 71. [See Accident.] A small book, contain- 
ing the rudiments of grammar. 

AG'CI-DENT, 71. [L. accidens.] 1. A coming or falling; 
an event that takes place without one’s foresight or ex- 
pectation ; an event which proceeds from an unknown 
cause, or is an unusual effect of a known cause, and 
therefore not expected ; chance ; casualty ; contingency. 
2. That which takes place or begins to exist without an 
efficient intelligent cause, and without design. Dicight. 
— 3. In logic, a property or quality of a being which is 
not essential to it, as whiteness in paper. — 4. In grammar, 
something belonging to a word, but not essential to it, 
as gender. — 5. In heraldry, a point or mark, not essential 
to a coat of arms. 

AG-CI-DENT'AL, a. 1. Happening by chance, or rather un- 
expectedly ; casual ; fortuitous ; taking place not accord- 
ing to the usual course of things ; opposed to that which 
is constant, regular, or intended ; as, an accidental visit. 
2. Non-essential ; not necessarily belonging to ; as, songs 
are accidental to a play. 

AG-CI-DENT'AL-LY, adv. By chance ; casually ; fortui- 
tously ; not essentially. 

AG-CI-DENT AL-NESS, n. The quality of being casual. 
[Little used.] 

t AG-CI-DEN'TIA-RY, a. Pertaining to the accidence. 

f AG-CIP'I-ENT, 71. A receiver. 

AG-CIP'I-TER, 71. [L. ad and capio.] 1. A name given to 
a fish, the milvus or lucerna. — 2. In ornithology, the name 
of the order of rapacious fowls. 

AG-CIP'I-TRINE, a. Seizing ; rapacious ; as the accipi- 
trine order of fowls. Ed. Encyc. 

f AG-CiTE', V. t. [L. ad and cito.] To call ; to cite ; to 
summon. 

AG-GLaIM', V. t. [L. acclamo.] To applaud. [Little used.] 
Hall 

AG-GLaIM', n. A shout of joy ; acclamation. 

t AG'GLA-MATE, v. t. To applaud. 

AG-GLA-Ma'TION, 71. [L. acclamatio.] A shout of ap- 
plause, uttered by a multitude. 

AG-GLAM'A-TO-RY, a. Expressing joy or applause by 
shouts, or clapping of hands. 

AG-GLT'MA-TED, a. [ac for ad, and climate.] Habituated 
to a foreign climate, or a climate not native. Med. Repos 
itory. 

t AG-GLTVE', a. Rising. Aubrey. 

AG-GLIV'ITY, 71. [L. acclivus, acclivis.] A slope, or incli- 
nation of the earth, as the side of a hill, considered as as- 
cending, in opposition to declivity, or a side descending. 
Rising ground ; ascent ; the talus of a rampart. 

AG-GLT'VOUS, a. Rising, as a hill, with a slope. 

t AG-GIiOY', V. t. To fill ; to stuff ; to fill to satiety. 

AG-GOTL'. See Coil. 

AG'GO-LA, 71. A delicate fish eaten at Malta. 

AG-GO-LaDE', n. [L. ad and collum.] A ceremony former- 
ly used in conferring knighthood. 

AG'GO-LENT, n. One w’ho inhabits near a place ; a bor- 
^ 01*0 

AG-Goivi'MO-DA-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be fitted, made 
suitable, or made to agree. [Little used.] 

AC-GOM'MO-DATE, v. t. [L. accommcdo.] 1. To fit, adapt, 
or make suitable ; as, to accommodate oorselves, to circum- 
stances. Paley. 2. To supply with or furnish ; followed 
by with. 3. To supply with conveniences ; as, to accom- 
modate a friend. 4. To reconcile things which are at va- 
riance ; to adjust. 5. To show fitness or agreement ; 
to apply. G. To lend — a commercial sense. Innn intran- 
sitive sense, to agree, to be conformable to, as used by 
Boyle. Obs. 

AG-GOM'MO-DATE, a. Suitable ; fit ; adapted ; as, means 
accommodate to the end. Ray. 

AG-GOM'MO-DA-TED, pp. Fitted ; adjusted ; applied ; al- 
so, furnished with conveniences. 

AG-GOM'MO-DATE-I.Y, adv. Suitably ; fitly. 

A€-GOM^MO-DATE-NESS, n. Fitness. [Little used.] 

AG-GOM'MO-DA-TTNG, ppr. Adapting; making suitable ; 
reconciling ; furnishing with conveniences ; applying. 

AG-GOM'MO-DA-TiNG, a. Adapting one’s self to ; oblig- 
ing ; disposed to comply, and to oblige another. 

AG-€OM-MO-Da'TION, n. 1. Fitness; adaptation; fol- 
lowed by to. 2. Adjustment of differences ; reconcilia- 
tion, as of parties in dispute. 3. Provision of conven- 
iences. 4. In the plural ; conveniences ; things furnish- 
ed for use ; cliiefly applied to lodgings. — 5. In mercantile 
language, accommodation is used for a loan of money. In 
England, accommodation bill is one given instead of a 
loan of money. Crabbe. 6. It is also used of a note lent 
merely to accommodate the borrower. — 7. In theology, 
accommodation is the application of one thing to another 
by analogy, as of tlie words of a prophecy to a future 
event. Paley. 

AG-GOM'MO-DA-TOR, 71. One that accommodates ; one 
that adjusts. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BTILL, UNITE. — G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


ACC 


8 


ACC 


t AC-€6M'PA-NA-BLE, a. Sociable. 

A€-€6M'PA-NIED, pp. Attended ; joined with in society. 
AC^C6M'PA NI-ER, n. He who accompanies. 
AC^C6M'PA-NI-MENT, n. [Fr. accompagnement.'] Some- 
thing that attends as a circumstance, or which is added 
by way of ornament to the principal thing, or for the 
sake of symmetry. 

A€)-COM'PA-NIST, n. The performer in music, who takes 
the accompanying part. Busby. 

AG-€6M'PA-NY, v. t. [Fr. accompagner.'] 1. To go with, 
or attend, as a companion. 2. To be with as connected j 
to attend. 

AC-€6M'PA-NY, i. 1. To attend; to be an associate; 
Bacon. 2. To cohabit. — 3. In musicj to perform the 
accompanying part in a composition. 
A€-C6MTA-NY-ING, ppr. Attending; going with as a 
companion. 

AG-COM'PLICE, n. [Fr. camplice.] An associate in a 
crime ; a partner or partaker in guilt. It was formerly 
used in a good sense for a co-operator, but this sense is 
wholly obsolete. 

A€-€OM'PLISH, v. t.JFr. accomplir.] 1. To complete ; to 
finish entirely. 2. To execute. 3. To gain ; to obtain 
or effect by successful exertions. 4. To fulfill or bring to 
pass ; as, to accomplish a prophecy. 5. To furnish with 
qualities which serve to render the mind or body complete. 
A^GOM'PLISHED, pp, 1. Finished ; completed ; fulfilled ; 
executed ; effected. 2. a. Weil endowed with good qual- 
ities and manners ; complete in acquirements ; having a 
finished education. 3. Fashionable. Swift. 
A€-COM'PLISH-ER, n. One who accomplishes. 
AG-GOMTLISH-ING, ppr. Finishing ; completing ; fulfill- 
ing ; executing ; effecting ; furnishing with valuable 
qualities. 

AC-COM'PLISH-MENT, n. 1. Completion ; fulfillment ; 
entire performance ; as of a prophecy. 2. The act of car- 
rying into effect, or obtaining an object designed ; attain- 
ment. 3. Acquirement; that which constitutes excel- 
lence of mind, or elegance of manners, acquired by edu- 
cation. 

t A€J-€OMPT'. See Account. 

I AG-€OMPT'ANT. See Accountant. 

AC -CORD', w. [Fr. accord.] 1. Agreement; harmony of 
minds ; consent or concurrence of opinions or wills. 2. 
Concert ; harmony of sounds ; the union of different 
sounds, which is agreeable to the ear ; agreement in 
pitch and tone. 3. Agreement ; just correspondence of 
things. 4. Will ; voluntary or spontaneous motion ; used 
of the will of persons, or the natural motion of other bodies, 
and preceded by own. 5. Adjustment of a difference ; 
reconciliation. — 6. In law^ an agreement between parties 
in controversy. 7. Permission, leave. 

AC CORD', V. t. 1. To make to agree, or correspond ; to 
adjust one thing to another. Sidney. 2. To bring to an 
agreement ; to settle, adjust, or compose. Hall. 
AC-CORD', V. i. 1. To agree ; to be in correspondence. 2. 

To agree in pitch and tone. 

AC-CORD'A-BLE, a. Agreeable ; consonant. 
AG-CORD'ANCE, n. Agreement with a person ; conformity 
with a thing. 

AG-CORD'ANT, a. Corresponding ; consonant ; agreeable. 
AC-COP^D'ANT-LY, adv. In an accordant manner. 
AG-CORD'ED, pp. Made to agree ; adjusted. 
AC-CORD'ER, n. One that aids, or favors. 

A€-CORD'ING, ppr. (commonly, though not correctly, 
classed among prepositions.) 1. Agreeing; harmonizing. 
2. Suitable ; agreeable ; in accordance with. In these 
senses, the word agrees with or refers to a sentence. — 
Our zeal should be according to knowledge : — .According, 
here, has its true participial sense, agreeing^ and is al- 
ways followed by to. It is never a preposition. 
AG-CORD'ING-LY, adv. Agreeably ; suitably ; in a man- 
ner conformable to. 

t AC-CORP'O-RATE, v. t. To unite. Milton. 

AC-COST', V. t. [Fr. accoster.] 1. To approach ; to draw 
near ; to come side by side, or face to face ; \iiot in 
2. To speak first to ; to address. Milton. 
t AG-COST', V. i. To adjoin. Spenser. 

AC-GOST'A-BLE, a. Easy of access ; familiar. 
AG-GOST'ED, pp. Addressed ; first spoken to. — In herald- 
ry^ being side by side. 

A€V-GOST'ING, ppr. Addressing by first speaking to. 
AG-GOU-CHEUR', (ak-koo-shure', or ak-koo-sha.ur') n. 

[Fr.l A man who assists women in childbirth. 
AC-GOUNT', n. [Fr. conte. Formerly, writers used ac- 
compt, from the Fr. compte.] 1. A sum stated on paper ; 
a registry of a debt or credit, of debts and credits, or 
charges ; an entry in a book or on paper of things bought 
or sold, of payments, services, &c., including the names 
of the parties to the transaction, date, and price or value 
of the thing. 2. A computation of debts and credits, or a 
general statement of particular sums. 3- A computation 
or mode of reckoning ; applied to other things than mon- 
ey or trade ; as, the Julian account of time. 4. Narrative ; 


relation ; statement of facts ; recital of particular transac- 
tions and events, verbal or written ; as, an account of the 
revolution in France. Hence, 5. An assignment of rea- 
sons ; explanation by a recital of particular transactions, 
6. Reason or consideration, as a motive ; as, on all ac- 
counts. 7. Value; importance; estimation. 8. Profit; 
advantage; that is, a result or production worthy of esti- 
mation. 9. Regard ; behalf ; sake ; — a sense deduced 
from charges on book ; as, on accoxmt of public affairs. 
AG-GOUNl'*, V. t. 2. To deem, judge, consider, think, or 
hold in opinion. — 2. To account of; to hold in esteem ; to 
value. 3. To reckon, or compute ; to assign as a debt. 
These uses are antiquated. 

A€)-GOUNT', v.i. 1. To render an account or relation of 
particulars. 2. To give reasons ; to assign the causes; to 
explain ; with for. 3. To render reasons ; to answer for 
in a responsible character. 

AG-GOUNT-A-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The state of being liable to 
answer for one’s conduct. R. Hall. 2. Liability to the pay- 
ment of money or of damages ; responsibility for a trust. 
AG-GOUNT'A-BLE, a. 1. Liable to be called to account ; 
answerable to a superior. 2. Subject to pay, or make 
good, in case of loss. 

AG-GOUNT'A-BLE-NESS, n. Liableness to answer or to 
give account ; the state of being answerable. 
A^GOUNT'ANT, 7i. One skilled in mercantile accounts ; 

more generally, a person who keeps accounts. 
AG-GOuNT'-BQOK, n. A book in which accounts are 
kept. Swift. 

AG-GOUNT'ED, pp. Esteemed ; deemed ; considered ; re- 
garded ; valued. — Accounted for; explained. 
A^GOUNT'ING, ppr. Deeming ; esteeming ; reckoning ; 
rendering an account. — Accounting for ,* rendering an ac- 
count. 

AG-GOUNT'ING, n. The act of reckoning or adjusting ac- 
counts. 

AG-GOUP'LE, (ak-kup'pl) v. t. To couple ; to join or link 
together. See Couple. 

AG-GOUP'LE-MENT, (ak-kup'pl-ment) n. A coupling; a 
connecting in pairs ; junction. [Little wsed.] 
t AG-GOUR'AGE, (ak-kur'aje) v. t. To encourage. Spender, 
f AG-GoURT', V. t. To entertain with courtesy. Spenser. 
AG-G5U'TRE, ) accoutrer.] In a 

AG-G5U'TER, I I general sense, to dress ; to 

equip ; but appropriately, to array in a military dress ; to 
put on, or to furnish with a military dress and anns ; to 
equip the body for military service. 

AG-G6U'TRED, pp. Dressed inarms; equipped. 
AG-G6U'TRING, pjpr. Equipping with military habili- 
ments. 

AG-GOU'TRE-MENTS, (ak-koo'ter-ments) n. plu. 1. Dress ; 
equipage ; furniture for the body ; appropriately, military 
dress and arms ; equipage for military service. — 2. In 
common usage, an old or unusual dress, 
t AG-GOY', V. t. [Old Fr. accoisir. Todd.] To render quiet 
or diffident ; to soothe ; to caress. Spenser. 

AG-GRED'IT, v. t. [Fr. accrediter.] To give credit, author- 
ity, or reputation. 

AG-GRED-I-I'a'TION, n. That which gives title to credit. 
[Little used.] 

A^GRED'IT-ED, pp. Allowed ; received with reputation ; 

authorized in a public character. Christ. Obs. 
AG-GRED'IT-ING, ppr. Giving authority or reputation. 
AG-GRES'CENT, a. Increasing. Shuckford. 
AG-GRe'TION, n. [L. accretio.] A growing to ; an in- 
crease^by natural growth. 

AG-GRe'TIVE, a. Increasing by growth ; growing ; adding 
to by growth. 

t AG-GRIM-I-NA'TION, n. Accusation; reproach. 
AG-GRoACII', V. i. [Fr. accr ocher.] 1. To hook, or draw 
to as with a hook ; [o6s.] 2. To encroach ; to draw away 
from another. — The noun accroachment, an encroach- 
ment,_is rarely or never used. See Encroach. 

AG-GRuE', (ak-kru') v. i. [Fr. accrottre, accru.] Literally, 
to grow to ; hence, to arise, proceed, or come ; to be added, 
as increase, profit or damage ; as, a profit accrues to gov- 
ernment from the coinage of copper; a loss accrues from 
the coinage of gold and silver. 
fAG-GRCE', (ak-kru') n. Something that accedes to, or 
follows the property of another. 

AG-GRtj'ING, ppr. Growing to ; arising ; coming ; being 
added. 

AG-GRfr'MENT, n. Addition ; increase. 

AG-GU-BA'TION, n. [L. accubatio.] A lying or reclining 
on a couch, as the ancients at their meals, 
t AG-GUMB', V. i. [L. accumbo.] To recline as at table. 
AG-GUM'BEN-CY, n. State of being accumbent or reclining. 
AG-GUM'BENT, a. [L. accumbens.] Leaning or reclining, 
as the ancients at their meals, 
f A€>-GUM'BENT, n. One who is placed at a dinner-table. 
AG-GC'MU-LATE, r. t. [h. accumulo.] 2. To heap up; to 
pile ; to amass. 2. To collect or bring together. 
AG-GO'MU-LATE, v. i. To grow to a great size, number, 
or quantity ; to increase greatly. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, 0, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete. 


ACE 


9 


ACI 


AC-€0'MU-LATE, a. Collected into a mass or quantity. 
AC-CO'MU-LA-TED, pp. Collected into a heap or great 
quantity. 

AC-€u'MU-LA-TING, ppr. Heaping up ; amassing ; in- 
creasing greatly. 

AC-CU-MU-LA'TION, w. The act of accumulating ; the 
scale of being accumulated ; an amassing ; a collecting to- 
gether. 

A€-Cu'MU-LA-TIVE, a. That accumulates ; Iieaping up j 
accimiulating. 

A€-€u'MU-LA-TOR, n. One that accumulates, gathers or 
amasses. 

AG^€U-RA-CY, n. [L. accuratio,] 1. Exactness ; exact con- 
formity to truth, or to a rule or model j freedom from 
mistake ; nicety ; correctness ; precision which results 
from care. 2. Closeness ; tightness. 

AC'CU-RATE, a. [L, accuratus.] 1. In exact conformity 
to truth, or to a standard or rule, or to a model ; free from 
failure, error, or defect. 2. Determinate j precisely fixed. 
3. Close *, perfectly tight. 

A€'€U-RATE-LY, adv. 1. Exactly ; in an accurate man- 
ner ; with precision ; without error or defect. 2. Close- 
ly ; so as to be perfectly tight. Comstock. 
AC^eU-RATE-NESS, n. Accuracy j exactness j nicety ; 
precision. 

AC-CURSE', (ak-kurs^ v. t. [ac for ad, and cwrsc.] To de- 
vote to destruction ; to imprecate misery or evil upon. 
[Rarely used.~\ See Curse. 

AG-€UR'S>ED, pp. or a. 1. Doomed to destruction or mise- 
ry. 2. Separated from the faithful j cast out of the 
church ; excommunicated. 3. Worthy of the curse ; de- 
testable 5 execrable. 4. Wicked j malignant in the ex- 
trenie. 

A€-€u'SA-BLE, a. That may be accused ; chargeable with 
a crime ; blaniable ; liable to censure ; followed by of. 
AG-€C'SANT, n. One who accuses. Hall. 
AG-CU-Sa*TION, n. 1. The act of charging with a crime 
or offense ; the act of accusing of any wrong or injustice. 
2. The charge of an offense or crime j or the declaration 
containing the charge. 

A€-€C'SA-TiVE, a. A term given to a case of nouns, in 
grammars, on which the action of a verb terminates or 
falls ; called, in English grammar, the objective case. — Cen- 
suring j accusing. 

A€J-GO'SA-TIVE-LY, adv. 1. In an accusative manner. 

2. In relation to the accusative case in grammar. 
A€-€u'$A-TO-RY, a. Accusing ; containing an accusa- 
tion^ 

AC-CUSE', V. t. [L. accuso.] 1. To charge with, or de- 
clare to have committed a crime. 2. To charge with a 
fault ; to blame. 

AG-€US'ED, (ak-kuzd*) pp. Charged with a crime, by a le- 
gal process •, charged with an offense ; blamed. 
AC-CuS'ER, n. One who accuses or blames. 

A€-€fTS'[NG, ppr. Charging with a crime ; blaming. 
AC-CUS'TOjNI, V. t. [Fr. accoutumer.] To make familiar by 
use : to form a habit by practice ; to habituate or inure. 
AC-CUS'TOM, V. i. 1. To be wont, or habituated to do any 
thing. [TAttle used.'] 2. To cohabit. [JVbt uscd.l Milton. 
t AC-CtrS'TOM, w. Custom. Milton. 

A€-€US'TOM-A-BLE, a. Of long custom ; habitual j cus- 
tomary. [Jjittle uscd.'\ 

AC-CUS'TOIVI-A-BLY, adv. According to custom or habit. 
[Little 

t AC-CUS^TOM-ANCE, n. Custom ; habitual use or prac- 
tice. Boyle. 

AC-GUS'TOM-A-RT-LY, adv. According to custom or com- 
mon practice. [Little iLsed.] 

A€-€US'TOM-A-llY, a. Usual ; customary. [Little used.'] 
A€-€US'TOMED, pp. 1. Being familiar by use j habituat- 
ed •, inured. 2. a. Usual ; often practiced. 
A€-CUS'TOM-ED-NESS, n. Familiarity. 
AG-€US'TOM-ING, ppr. Making familiar by practice j in- 
uring. 

aCE, n. [L. 1. A unit ; a single point on a card or 

die j or the card or die so marked. 2. A very small quan- 
tity 5 a particle *, an atom ; a trifle. 

A-CEL'DA-MA, u. [Ch. Spn, a field, and Non, Ch. Syr. 
and Sam., blood.] A field purchased with the bribe which 
Judas took for betraying his Master, and therefore called 
the fi.eld of blood. 

A-CEPIF A-LIST, n. One who acknowledges no head or su- 
perior. 

A-CEPIFA-LOUS, a. [Gr. a priv. and Kt(f)a\rj, a head.] 
Without a head, headless. — In history , the term Jicephali, 
or Accphalites, was given to several sects who refused to 
follow some noted leader. 

A CEPIPA-LUS, n. An obsolete name of the tania or tape 
worm. The term is also used to express a verse defective 
in the beginning. 

A-CERB', a. [L. acerbus.] Sour, bitter, and harsh to the 
taste ; sour, with astringency or roughness j a quality of 
unripe fruits. Q,uincy. 


t A-CERB^ATE, v^ t. To make sour. 

A-CERB'I-TY, 71. 1. A sourness, with roughness, or astrin- 
gency . 2. Figuratively, harshness or severity of temper 
in man. 

A-CER'IC, a. [L. acer.] Pertaining to the maple. Ure. 

AC'ER-OUS, a. [L. acerosus.] In botany, chaffy j resem- 
bling chaff. 

t A-CER VATE, v. t. To heap up. 

t A-CERWOSE, a. Full of Jieaps. 

A-CES'CEN-CY, n. [L. acescens.] A turning sour by spon- 
taneous decomposition ; a state of becoming sour, tart, or 
acid , and hence, a being moderately sour. 

A-CES'CENT, a. Turning sour j becoming tart or acid by 
spontaneous decomposition. 

A-CES’TE, n. In entomology, a species of butterfly. 

A-CES'TIS, n. [Gr.] A factitious sort of chrysocolla, made 
of Cyprian verdigris, urine and niter. Cyc. 

AC-E-TAB'U-LUM, n. [L.] Among the Romans, a vinegar 
cruise, or like vessel. A species of lichen. 

AC'E-TA-RY, 71. An acid, pulpy substance in certain fruits. 
Grew, 

AC'E-TATE, n. In chemistry, a neutral salt, formed by the 
union of the acetic acid with any salifiable base. La- 
voisier. 

AC'E-TA-TED, a. Combined with acetic acid, or radical 
vinegar. 

A-CE'TI€, a. A term used to denote a particular acid, 
acetic acid. 

A-CET-I-FI-CA'TION, n. The act of making acetous or 
som : or the operation of making vinegar. 

A-CkUI-FY, V. t. To convert into acid or vinegar. 

AC'E-TITE, 71. A neutral salt, formed by the acetous acid 
with a salifiable base. 

AC-E-TOM'E-TER, n. [L. acctwTTi, vinegar, and Gr. ycrpov, 
measure.] An instrument for ascertaining the strengtli of 
vinegar. Ure. 

A-Ce'TOUS, a. Sour ; like or having the nature of vinegar. 

AC-E-ToSE', a. Sour ; sharp. 

t AC-E-TOS*I-TY, 71. The state of being acetose. 

A-Ce'TUM, 71. [L.1 Vinegar. 

aCHE, (ake) v. i. [Sax. ace, ece.] 1. To suffer pain ; to 
have or be in pam, or in continued pain j as, the head 
aches. 2. To suffer grief, or extreme grief*, to be distress- 
ed ; as, the heart aches. 

ACHE, (ake) n. Pain, or continued pain, in opposition to 
sudden twinges, or spasmodic pain. 

A-dlii'AN, a. Pertaining to Achaia. 

A-CHERN'ER, n. The name of a star of the first magni- 
tude. 

ACH'ER-SET, 71. An ancient measure of corn. 

A-CHIeWA-BLE, a. That may be performed. Barroro. 

A-CFIIe'VANCE, 71. Performance. Elyot. 

A-CHIeVE', v. t. [Fr. achever.] 1. To perform, or execute ; 
to accomplish *, to finish, or carry on to a final close 2. 
To gain or obtain, as the result of exertion. 

A-CHIeV'ED, (a-cheevd') pp. Performed ; obtained j ac- 
comphshed. 

A-CHIeVE'MENT, 71. 1. The performance of an action. 
2. A great or heroic deed ; something accojnplished by 
valor or boldness. 3. An obtaining b^y exertion. 4. An 
escutcheon, or ensigns armorial. 

A-CHIeV'ER, 71. One wha accomplishes a purpose, or ob- 
tains jin object by his exertions. 

A-CHIeV'ING, p/ir. Performing*, executing; gaining. 

aCIPING, ppr. Being in pain : suffering distress. 

aCIPING, 71. Pain ; continued pain or distress. 

aUHI-OTE, 71. The anotta ; a tree, and a drug used for dye- 
ing red. Clavigero. 

a'GHOR, 71. [Gr. a'xfiip.] 1. The scald head, a disease form- 
ing scaly eruptions. — 2. In mythology, the god of flies. 

ACH-R0-MAT'I€, a. [Gr. a priv. and color.] Des- 

titute of color. Achromatic telescopes are formed of a 
combination of lenses, and so contrived as to remedy aber- 
rations and colors. 

A-CIC'U-LAR, a. [L. acicula.] In the shape of a needle. 

A-CIC'U-LAR-LY, adv. In the manner of needles, or 
prickles. 

AC'ID, a. [L. uciJms.] Sour, sharp or biting to the taste ; 
having the taste of vinegar. 

AC' ID, n. In chemistry, acids are a class of substances, so 
denominated from their taste, or the sensation of soiu- 
ness which they produce on the tongue. 

AC-I-DIF'ER-OUS, a. [acirf, and h.fero.] Containing acids, 
or an acid. 

A-CID'I-FI-A-BLE, a. [from acidify.] Capable ofbeing con- 
verted into an acid. 

A-CID-I-FI-Ca'TION, 71. The act er process of acidifying 
or charming into an acid. 

A-CID'I-FIED, pp. Made acid ; converted into an acid. 

A-CID'I-FI-ER, 71. That which by combination forms an 
acid, as oxygen and hydrogen. 

A-CID'[-F Y, V. t. To make acid ; but, appropriately, to con- 
vert into an acid. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BI JLL, UNITE.— € as K j Cl ar J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


ACR 


ACQ 10 


A-CID'I-F1?-ING, ppr. Making acid j having power to 
change into an acid. 

AC-l-DIM'E-TER, n. An instrument for ascertaining the 
strength of acids. Ure. 

AC'I-DIST, n. One w‘ho maintains the doctrine of acids. 

A-CID'I-TY, 71. [Fr. acidit^.'] The quality of being sour j 
sourness ; tartness ; sharpness to the taste. 

AC'ID-NESS, n. The quality of being soUr ; acidity. 

A-CID'U-L^, 71. Medicinal springs impregnated with sharp 
particles. 

A^ID'U“IjATE, d* It [L. acidiLlus.'] To tinge with an acid ; 
to make acid in a moderate degree. 

A-CID'U-LA-TED, pp. Tinged with an acid j made slightly 
sour. 

A-CID'U-LA-TING, ppr. Tinging with an acid. 

AC'I-DULE, or A-CID'U-LUM, n. In chemistry^ a com- 
pound salt, in which the alkaline base is supersaturated 
with acid. 

A-CID'U-LOUS, a. [L. acidnlxis.'] Slightly sour ; sub-acid, 
or having an excess of acid. 

AC-I-NAC'I-FORM, a. [L. acinaces.l botany^ formed 
like, or resembling a cimeter. 

A-CINT-FORM, a. [L. acinus, a grape-stone, and forma, 
shape.] Having the form of grapes ; being in clustei-s like 
grapes. 

AC'I-NOSE, ) a. Consisting of minute granular concretions. 

ACH-NOUS, \ Kirwan. 

AC'I-NUS, 71. [L.] In botany, one of the small grains, which 
compose the fruit of the blackberry, &c. 

AC'I-PEN-SER, a. In ichthyology, a genus of fishes. 

A-CIT'LI, 71. A name of the water hare. 

ACK'ER, 71. A ripple on the surface of the water ; a curl. 
Fine mould. 

t AG-KNOW', (ak-no^) v. t. To acknowledge ; to confess. 
B. Jonson. 

AG-KNOWL'EDGE, (ak-nol'-edge) v. t. 1. To own, avow, 
or admit to be true, by a declaration of assent. 2. To own 
or notice with particular regard. 3. To own or confess, 
as implying a consciousness of guilt. 4. To own with 
assent j to admit or receive with approbation. 5. To own 
with gratitude j to own as a benefit. 6. To own or ad- 
mit to belong to. 7. To receive with respect. 8. To own, 
avow, or assent to an act in a legal form, to give it va- 
lidity. 

AC-KNOWL'EDGED, pp. Owned ; confessed ; noticed 
with regard or gratitude ; received with approbation ; 
owned before authority. 

AC-KNOVVL'EDG-ER, 71. One who acknowledges. 

A€-KNOWL'EDG-ING, ppr. Owning j confessing ; approv- 
ing. 

AC-KNOWL'EDG-MEN^T, 71. 1. The act of owning; con- 
fession. 2. The owning, with approbation, or in the true 
character. 3. Concession ; admission of the truth ; as of 
a fact, position, or principle. 4. The owning of a benefit 
received, accompanied with gratitude. 5. A declaration 
or avowal of one’s own act, to give it legal validity. 

AG'ME, (ak'my) n. [Gr. aKprj.\ The top, or highest point. 

.\G'NE, (ak'ny) 71. [Gr.] A small, hard pimple or tubercle 
on the face. Quincy. 

AG-NES'TIS, 71. A part of the spine in quadrupeds. 

AG'O, 71. A Mediterranean fish. 

t A-GoLD', adc. Cold. Oower. 

AG'O-LIN, n. A bird of the partridge kind. 

A-GOL'O-THIST, ^ n. [Gr. aicoXoi'Oew.] In the ancient 

AG'O-LYTE, ji church, a subordinate officer. 

AG'O-NITE, 71. [L. aconituw.'\ The herb wolCs bane ; and, 
in poetry, used for poison in general. 

A-GOX'TIAS, 71. [Gr. aKovna?.] I. A species of serpent, 
called dart-snake. 2. A comet or meteor resembling the 
serpent. 

t A-GOP', adv. [a and cope.'] At the top. Jonson. 

^'GORX, 71. [Sax. cecern.] The seed or fruit of the oak. 

a'GORN, V. i. To pick up and feed on acorns. 

A'GORXED, a. Furnished or loaded with acorns. 

A'GO-RUS, 71. [L.] 1. Aromatic calamus, sweet flag, or 

sweet rush. — 2. In natural history, blue coral. 

AG-O-TYL'E-DON, n. A plant whose seeds have no side 
lobes. 

AG-O-TY-LED'O-NOUS, a. Having no side lobes. 

A-GOUS'TIG, a. [Gr. aKovariKog.] Pertaining to the ears, to 
the sense of hearing, or to the doctrine of sounds. 

A-GOUS'TIGS, 71. 1. The science of sounds, teaching their 
cause, nature, and phenomena. — 2. In medicine, this term 
is sometimes used for remedies for deafness. 

AG-Q-UaINT^, V. t. [old Fr. accointcr.] ]. To make 
known ; to make fully or intimately known ; to make fa- 
miliar. 2. To inform ; to communicate notice to. 3. To 
acquaint one^s self, is to gain an intimate or particular 
knowledge of. 

AG-Q,Ua[NT'ANCE, 71. 1. Familiar knowledge ; a state of 
being acquainted, or of having intimate or more than 
slight or superficial knowledge. 2, A person or persons 
well known ; usually, persons %ve have been accustomed 


to see and converse with ; sometimes, persons more slight- 
ly knowni-—v4c7uainta7iccjj in the plural, is used as ap- 
plied to individual persons known ; but, more generally, 
acquaintance is Used for one or more< — jlcquaintantj in a 
like sense, is not used. 

AG-Q,UaINT'ANCE-SHIP, 71. The quality of being ac- 
quainted. Chalmers. 

AG-CtUAINT'ED, pp. Known ; familiarly known ; inform- 
ed ; having personal knowledge. 

AG-ClUAINT'ING, ppr. Making known to; giving notice 
or information to. 

AG-Q-UEST', 71. [L. acquisitus.] 1. Acquisition ; the thing 
gained. Bacon. 2. Conquest ; a place acquired by force. 

AG-Q.UI-ESCE', (al’-que-ess^) v.i. [L. acquicsco.] 1. To 
rest satisfied, or apparently satisfied, or to rest without 
opposition and discontent. 2. To assent to, upon convic- 
tion. — Acquiesced in, in a passive sense; complied with ; 
submitted to without opposition. 

AG-Q-UI-ES'CENCE, n. A quiet assent ; a silent submis- 
sion, or submission with apparent content. 

AG-ClUI-ES'CENT, a. Resting satisfied ; easy ; submitting j 
disposed to submit. Johnson. 

AG-UUI-ES'CING, ppr. Quietly submitting ; resting con- 
tent. 

t AG-Q.UI'ET, V. t. To render quiet. Shirleif. 

AG-C4Ul^RA-BLE, a. That may be acquired. 

AG-Q.UIRE', 7^ t. [L. acquire.] To gain, by any means, 
something which is in a degree permanent, or which be- 
comes vested or inherent in the possessor. 

AG-Q,UTR'ED, (ak-quird') pp. Gained, obtained, or receiv- 
ed from art, labor, or other means, in distinction from 
those things whicli are bestowed by nature. 

AG-QUiRE'MENT. n. The act of acquiring, or that which 
is acquired ; attainment. It is used in opposition to nat- 
ural gifts. 

AG-QUlR'ER, 71. A person who acquires. 

AG-QUIR'ING, ppr. Gaining by labor, or other means, 
something that has a degree of permanence in the pos- 
sessor. 

t AG-Q.UT'RY, 71. Acquirement. Barrow. 

AG'QUI-SITE, a. Gained. Burton. 

AG-(iUI-Sl"TION, 71. [L. acquisitio.] 1. The act of acquir- 
ing. 2. The thing acquired, or gained. 

AG-QUIS'I-TIVE, a. That is acquired ; acquired ; {but im^ 
proper.] Walton. 

AC-Ciui?'I-TIVE-LY, adv. Noting acquirement, with to 
or /or following. Lilly. 

t AG-QUIST', 71. See Acquest. Milton. 

AG-Q,UIT', V. t. [Fr. acquitter.] To set free ; to release or 
discharge from an obligation, accusation, guilt, censure, 
suspicion, or whatever lies upon a person as a charge cr 
duty. 

f AG-’CIUIT'MENT, n. The act of acquitting, or state of be- 
ing acquitted ; now superseded by acquittal. South. 

AG-QUiT'TAL, 7i. A judicial setting free, or deliverance 
from the charge of an offense. 

AG-QUIT'TANCE, n. 1. A discharge or release from a 
debt. 2. The writing, which is evidence of a discharge ; 
a receipt in full, which bars a further demand. 

t AG-QUIT'TANCE, v. t. To acquit. Shak. 

AG-Q-UIT'TED, pp. Set free, or judicially discharged from 
an accusation ; released from a debt, duty, obligation, 
charge, or suspicion of guilt. 

AG-CIUIT'TING, ppr. Setting free from accusation ; releas- 
ing from a charge, obligation, or suspicion of guilt. 

t A-GRASE', or t A-GRaZE', v. t. 1. To make crazy ; to 
infiituate. 2. To impair ; to destroy. 

AG'RA-SY, 77. [Gr. aKpaaia.] In medical authors, an excess 
or predominancy of one quality above another, in mix- 
ture, or in the human constitution. Bailey. 

A'GRE, (u'ker) n. [Sax. acer, acera, or cecer.] A quantity 
of land, containing ICO square rods or perches, or 4840 
square yards. 

A'GRED, (a'kerd) a. Possessing acres or landed property. 
Pope. 

AG'RID, a. [Fr. acre ; L. acer.] Sharp ; pungent ; bitter; 
sharp or biting to the taste ; acrimonious. 

AG'RID-NESS, v. A sharp, bitter, pungent quality. 

AG-RI-MG'NI-OUS, a. 1. Sliarp ; bitter ; corrosive ; abound- 
ing with acrimony. 2. Figuratively, severe ; sarcastic ; 
applied to language or temper. 

AG-RI-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. With sharpness or bitter- 
ness. 

AG'RI-MO-NY, 77. [1j. acrimonia.] 1. Sharpness ; a quality 
of bodies w’hich corrodes, dissolves, or destroys others. 
2. Figuratively , sharpness or severity of temper ; bitter- 
ness of expression proceeding from anger, ill-nature, or 
petulance. 

AG'RI-SY, 71. [Gr. a and xpnrt?.] A state or condition of 
which no right judgment can be fonned ; that of which 
no choice is made ; matter in dispute ; injudiciousness. 
{Jjittle used.] Bailey. 

AG'RI-TUDE, 77. [See Acrid.] An acrid quality ; bitterness 
to the taste ; biting heat. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, t, Y, ?07io^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


ACT 


11 


ACC 


t AC'RI-TY, n. Sharpness •, eagerness. 

A€J-RO-A-MAT'I€, a. [Gr. axpoa/xartKoj.] Abstruse j per- 
taining to deep learning. 

A€-RO-AT’I€, a. [Gr. a/cpoart>cos%] Abstruse ; pertaining 
to deep learning ; and opposed to exoteric. 

AG-RO-CE-RAU'Nl-AN, a. [Gr. a/cpa and Kcpavvoi.] An 
epithet applied to certain mountains, between Epirus and 
Illyricum. 

A-€Ro'MI-ON, n. [Gr. aKpog and In anatomy^ the 

upper part of the spine of the scapula. 

A-€RON'I€, 1 a. [Gr. axpof and vu|.] In astronomy, a 

A-€llON'I-€AL, \ term applied to the rising of a star at 
sunset, or its setting at sunrise. 

A-CIlOA'I-€AL-LY, adv. In an acronical manner j at the 
rising or setting of the sun. 

A€'RO-SPIRE, n. [Gr. avpof and cneipa.] A shoot or 
sprout of a seed. Mortimer. 

A€'RO-SFIRED, a. Having a sprout, or having sprouted at 
both ends. Mortimer. 

A-€ROSS', prep. 1. From side to side, opposed to along, 
which is in the direction of the length *, athwart ; quite 
over ; as, a bridge is laid across a river. 2. Intersect- 
ing ; passing over at any angle j as, a line passing across 
another. 

A-€ROS'TI€, n. [Gr. aKpa and ari')(os.'] A composition in 
verse, in which tlie first letters of the lines, taken in or- 
der, form the name of a person, kingdom, city, &c. 

A-€ROS'TI€, a. That relates to, or contains an acrostic. 

A-€ROS'TI€-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an acrostic. 

A€-RO-TE-LEu'Tl€, n. [Gr. axpof and rcXeurf/.] Among 
ecclesiastical writers, an appellation given to any thing 
added to the end of a psalm, or hymn. 

A€'RO-TER, n. [Gr. aKporrjp.] In architecture, a small 
pedestal, usually without a base. 

A€-RO-THYM'I-ON, n. [Gr. a/cpoj and Ovpos.] Among phy- 
sicians, a species of wart, with a napow basis and broad 
top, having the color of thyme. It is called thymus. 

A€T, V. i. [Gr. ayo), L. ago.] 1. To exert power ; as, the 
stomach acts upon food. 2. To be in action or motion ; 
to move. 3. To behave, demean, or conduct, as in 
morals, private duties, or public offices. — To act up to, is 
to equal in action ; to fulfil, or perform a correspondent 
action. 

A€T, v.t. 1. To perform ; to represent a character on the 
stage. 2. To feign or counterfeit. [Improper.] Dry den. 
3. To put in motion ; to actuate ; to regulate movements. 
[0&5.] Locke. 

AGT, 71. 1. The exertion of power •, the effect, of which 
power exerted is the cause. 2. That whicn is done ; a 
deed, exploit, or achievement, whether good or ill. 3. 
Action performance ; production of effects *, as, an act 
of charity. 4. A state of reality or real existence, as op- 
posed to a possibility. 5. In general, act denotes action 
completed ; but, preceded by in, it denotes incomplete ac- 
tion. 6. A part or division of a play, to be performed with- 
out interruption ; after which the action is suspended to 
give respite to the performers. 7. The result of public 
deliberation, or the decision of a prince, legislative body, 
council, court of justice, or magistrate ; a decree, edict, 
law, judgment, resolve, award, determination ; as, an act 
of parliament. — .-'Set, in English universities, is a thesis 
maintained in public, by a candidate for a degree. — ^ct 
of faith, auto da fe, in Catholic countries, is a solemn 
day held by the Inquisition, for the punishment of here- 
tics. 

ACT'ED, pp. Done ; performed *, represented on the 
stage. 

AG'Tl-AN, a. Relating to Actium. 

ACTTNG, ppr. Doing ; performing ; behaving ; represent- 
ing the character of another. 

AGT'ING, n. Action ; act of performing a part of a 
play. 

AC-TlN'0-LITE, n. [Gr. oktiv and Xi0oj.] A mineral, 
sfrahlstein, nearly allied to hornblend. 

AC-TIIV-O-LTT'IC, a. Like or pertaining to actinolite. 

AC'TION, V. [L. actio.] 1. LiteraZZy, a driving ; hence, the 
state of acting or moving ; exertion of power or force, as 
when one body acts on another. 2. An act or thing done 5 
a deed. — 3. In mechanics, agency •, operation ; driving 
impulse ; effort of one body upon another. — 4. In ethics, 
the external signs or expression of the sentiments of a 
moral agent ; conduct ; behavior •, demeanor. — 5. In poe- 
try, a series of events, called also the subject ox fable. — 6. 
In oratory, gesture or gesticulation ; the external deport- 
ment of the speaker. — 7. In physiology, the motions or 
notions of the body, vital, animal, and natural. — 8. In 
law, a suit or process, by which a demand is made of a 
right ; a claim made before a tribunal. 9. In some coun- 
tries of Europe, action is a share in the capital stock of 
a company, or in the public funds, equivalent to our term 
share ; and consequently, in a more general sense, to 
slocks. — 10. In painting and sculpture, the attitude or po- 


sition of the several parts of the body, by which they seem 
to be actuated by passions. 11. Battle j fight; engage- 
ment between troops in war, whether on land or water. 
A€'TION-A-BLE, a. That will bear a suit, or for which ail 
action at law may be sustained. 

A€'TION-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that subjects to legal 
process. 

AC'TION- A-RY, or A€'TION-IST, n. In Europe, a propri- 
etor of stock in a trading company ; one who owns actions 
or shares of stock. 

t A€-T1 -Ta'TION, 71. Action quick and frequent, 
t A€'TI-VATE, V. a. To make active. 

ACT'IVE, a. [L. activus ; Fr. actif.] 1. That has the 
power or quality of acting ; that contains the principle 
of action, independent of any visible external force. 2. 
Having the power of quick motion, or disposition to move 
with speed ; nimble ; lively ; brisk ; agile. 3. Busy ; 
constantly engaged inaction. 4. Requiring action or ex- 
ertion ; practical ; operative ; producing real effects ; op- 
posed to speculative ^ as, the active duties of life. 
ACT'IVE-LY, adv. In an active manner ; by action ; nim- 
bly j briskly. 

ACTTVE-NESS, 71. The quality of being active ; the facul- 
ty of acting ; quickness of motion. 

A€-TIV'I-TY, n. The quality of being active ; the active 
faculty ; nimbleness ; agility ; also the habit of diligent 
and vigorous pursuit of business. 
fAGT'LESS, a. Without spirit ; insipid. 

AGT'OR, 71. 1. He that acts or performs ; an active agent. 
2. He that represents a character, or acts a part in a play ; 
a stage-player. 3. Among civilians, an advocate or proc- 
tor in civil courts or causes. 

AGT'RESS, 71. A female who acts or performs, and espe- 
cially on the stage or in a play. 

A€T'U-AL, a. [Fr. actuel.] 1. Real or effective, or that 
exists truly and absolutely. 2. Existing in act ; real ; in 
opposition to speculative. 

A€T-U-AL'I-TY, 71. Reality. Haweis. 

A€T'U-AL-LY, adv. In fact; really ; in truth, 
t A€T'U-AL-NESS, n. The quality of being actual. 
A€T'U-A-RY, 71. [L. actuarius.] A register or clerk. 
AGT'U-ATE, a. Put in action. [Little used.] 

A€T'U-ATE, V. t. To put into action ; to move or incite to 
action. 

A€T'U-A-TED, pp. Put in action ; incited to action. 
A€T'U-A-TING, ppr. Putting in action ; inciting to ac- 
tion. 

A€T-U-a'TION, n. The state of being put in action ; ef- 
fectual operation. Olanville. 
t A€T'U-OSE, a. Having strong povA'ers of action. 

A€T'HS, 71. Among the Romans, a measure in building, 
equal to 120 Roman feet. 

A€'U-ATE, V. t. [L. acuo.] To sharpen ; to make pungent 
or corrosive. [Little used.] Harvey. 
f AC'U-ATE, a. Sharpened. Ashmole. 

At’-U-BKNE', n. A star of the fourth magnitude. 
A€-U-I"TION, 71. The sharpening of medicines to in- 
crease their effect. 

f A-GU'I-TY, 71. Sharpness. Perkins. 

A-€U'LE-ATE, a. [L. aculeus.] 1. In botany, having 
prickles, or sharp points ; pointed. — 2. In zoology, hav- 
ing a sting. 

A-€u'LE-I, 71. [L.] In botany and zoology, prickles or 
spines. 

A€'U-LON, ) n. [Gr. aKv\og.] The fruit or acorn of the 
A€'U-LOS, I ilex, nr scarlet oak. 

A-€u'MEN, 71. [L.] A sharp point ; and, figuratively, 
quickness of perception, the faculty of nice discrimina- 
tion. 

A-€u'Ml-NATE, a. [L. acuminatus.] Ending in a sharp 
point ; pointed. 

A-€u'MI-NA-TED, a. Sharpened to a point. 
A-€u-MI-Na'TION, 71. A sharpening ; termination in a 
sharp point. 

A€-U-PUN€'TURE, n. [L. acusnoApunctura.] Among the 
Chinese, a surgical operation, performed by pricking the 
part affected with a needle. 

A€'U-RU, n. In India, a fragrant aloe-ivood. 
a'€US, 77. [L.] 1. The needle-fish, or pr-fish. 2. The 

ammodyte or sand eel. 3. The oblong dm ex. 

A-€uTE', a. [L. ac77f.7i.9.] 1. Sharp at the end ; ending in a 
sharp point ; opposed to bhuit or obtuse. 2. Figuratively, 
applied to mental powers ; penetrating ; haying nice dis- 
cernment ; perceiving or using minute distinctions ; op- 
posed to dull or stupid. 3. Applied to the senses; hav- 
ing nice or quick sensibility ; susceptible of slight im- 
pressions ; having power to feel or perceive small objects. 
4. An acute disease is one which is attended with vio- 
lent symptoms, and comes speedily to a crisis, as a 
pleurisy ; opposed to chronic. 5. An acute accent is that 
which elevates or sharpens the voice. — 6. In music, acute 
is applied to a tone which is sharp, or high ; opposed to 
grave. — 7. In botany, ending in an acute angle, 
t A-CDTE', V. t. To render the accent acute. . 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE. —€ as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


ADD 12 ADE 


A-€CTE'LY', adv. Sharply ; keenly ; with nice discrimina- 
tion. 

A-€uTE'NESS, n. 1. Sharpness. 2. The faculty of nice 
discernment or perception ; applied to the senses, or the 
understanding. 3. Sharpness, or elevation of sound. 4. 
Violence of a disease. 

A-CU-TIa'TOR, 71. In the middle ages, a person whose of- 
fice was to sharpen instruments. 

AJD. A Latin preposition, signifying to. — Ad hominem, to 
the man, in logic, an argument, adapted to touch the pre- 
judices of the person addressed. — dd inquircnduyn, in law, 
a judicial writ, commanding inquiry to be made. Ad 
libitum, [L.] at pleasure. — Ad valorem, according to the 
value, in commerce and finance, 
f AD-A€T', V. t. [L. adago.] To drive ; to compel. 
AD'AGE, 71 . adagium, or adagio.] A proverb , an old 

saying, which has obtained credit by long use 5 a wise 
observation, handed down from antiquity, 
t A-Da'01-AL, a. Proverbial. Barrow. 

A-Da'(jI- 0, 71. [[t.] In music, a slow movement. — As an 
adverb, slowly, leisurely, and with grace. 

AD' AM, 71. [in Heb. Ch. Syr. Eth. Ar., Man.] Primarily, the 
name of the human species, mankind ; appropriately, the 
first man, the progenitor of the human race. 

AD' AM’S AP-PLE. A species of citron, [see Citron ;] also 
the prominent part of the throat. 

AD' AM’S NEE-DLE. The popular name of the plant yucca. 
AD'A-MANT, n. [Gr. aSapas ; L. adamas.] A very hard or 
impenetrable stone 5 a name given to the diamond and 
other substances of extreme hardness. 
AD-A-MAN-Te'AN, a. Hard as adamant. Milton. 
AD-A-MAN'TINE, a. Made of adamant ; having the quali- 
ties of adamant j that cannot be broken, dissolved, or 
penetrated. 

AD'AM-I€, a. Pertaining to Adam. 

AD'AM-ITES. In church history, a sect of visionaries, who 
pretended to establish a state of innocence, and, like 
Adam, went naked. 

AD-AM-IT'IC, a. Like the Adamites. Taylor. 
AD-AN-So'NI-A, 71. Ethiopian sour gourd, monkey’s bread, 
or African calabash-tree. 

A-DAPT', V. t. [Sp. adaptor ; L. ad and apto.] To make 
suitable 5 to fit or suit ; as, to adapt an instrument to its 
uses* 

A-DAP-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of adaptation. 
A-DAPT'A-BLE, a. That may be adapted. 
AD-AP-Ta'TION, 71. The act of making suitable, or the 
state of being suitable, or fit ; fitness. 

A-DAPT'ED, pp. Suited ; made suitable; fitted. 
A-DAPT'ER. See Adopter. 

A-DAPT'ING, ppr. Suiting; making fit. 

A-DAP'TION, 71. Adaptation ; the act of fitting, 
t A-DAPT'NESS, n. A state of being fitted. 
a'DAR, 71. A Hebrew month, answering to the latter part 
of February and the beginning of March. 

A-DaR'CE, 71. [Gr. a^apKns.] A saltish concretion on reeds 
and grass in marshy grounds in Galatia. 

A-DAK'CON, 71. In Jewish antiquity, a gold coin. 
A-DaK'ME, n. A Spanish weight, the sixteenth of an 
ounce. 

AD'A-TIS, n. A muslin or species of cotton cloth from India, 
t A-DXUNT', V. t. To subdue, 
t A-DAW', V. t. To daunt ; to subject. Spenser. 

A-Da YS', ado. On or in days ; as in the phrase, now adays. 
ADD, V. t. [li. addo.] 1. To set or put together, join, or 
unite, as one thing or sum to another, in an aggregate. 
2. To unite in idea or consideration ; to subjoin. 3. To 
increase number. 4. To augment, 
t AD-€0R'P0-RATE, v. t. To unite one body with another. 
ADD'A-BLE, a. That may be added. 

AD-DEC' I-M ATE, v. t. [L. ad and decimus.] To take, or 
to ascertain tithes. 

ADD'ED, pp. Joined in place, in sum, in mass or aggregate, 
in number, in idea, or consideration ; united ; put to- 
gether. 

AD-DEEM', V. t. To award ; to sentence. [Little used.] 
.\D-DEN'DUM, n. [L.] plu. Addenda. An addition or an 
appendix to a work. 

AD'DER, 71. [Sax. aettr.r or aett(w.] A venomous serpent or 
viper, of several species. 

AD'DER-FLY, n. A name of the dragon-fly. 
AD'DER’S-GRASS, n. A plant about which serpents lurk. 
AD'DER’S-T6NGUE, n. A plant whose seeds are produced 
on a spike resembling a serpent’s tongue. 
AIPDER’S-W6RT, n. Snakeweed, so named from its sup- 
posed virtue in curing the bite of serpents. 
AT)-D[-BTL'I-TY, n. The possibility of being added. 
AD'DI-BLE, a. That may be added. Locke. 
fAD'DlCE. See Adz. 

AD-DICT', a. Addicted. [JV*ot much 7i,9cd.] 

AD-DIGl’', V. t. [L. adxlico.] To apply one’s self habitual- 
ly ; to devote time and attention by customary or constant 
practice ; sometimes in a good sense, but more usually in a 
bad one. 


AD-DICT'ED, pp. Devoted by customary practice. 

AD-DI€T'ED-NESS, n. The quality or state of being ad- 
dicted. 

AD-DICT'ING, ppr. Devoting time and attention ; prac- 
ticing customarily. 

AD-DJC'TION, 71. 1. The act of devoting or giving up in 
practice ; the state of being devoted. 2. Among the Ro- 
mans, a making over goods to another by sale or legal 
sentence ; also an assignment of debtors in service to 
their creditors. 

ADD'ING, ppr. Joining ; putting together ; increasing. 

AD-DIT'A-MENT, n. [L. additamentum.] An addition, or 
rather the thing added, as furniture in a house ; any ma- 
terial mixed vvitli the principal ingredient in a compound. 
[Little used ] 

AD-DI"TION, 71. [L. additio.] 1. The act of adding, op- 
posed to subtraction or diminution. 2. Any thing added, 
whether material or immaterial. — 3. In arithmetic, the 
uniting of two or more numbers in one sum. — 4. In law, 
a title annexed to a man’s name, to show his rank, occu- 
pation, or place of residence. — 5. In music, a dot at the 
side of a note, to lengthen its sound one half. — 6. In her- 
aldry, something added to a coat of arms, as a mark of 
honor. — 7. In distilling, any thing added to the wash or 
liquor in a state of fermentation.—^. In popular language, 
an advantage, ornament, improvement. 

AD-Di"TION-AL, a. That is added. It is used by Bacon 
for addition ; but improperly. 

AD-DI"TION-AL-LY, adv. By way of addition. 

f AD-DI'-'TION-A-RY, a. That may be added. 

ADD'I-TiVE, a. That may be added. 

ADD'I-TO-RY, a. That adds, or may add. 

AD'DLE, a. [W. hadyl.] In a morbid state ; putrid ; appli- 
ed to eggs. Hence, barren, producing nothing. Dryden, 

AD'DLED, a. Morbid, corrupt, putrid, or barren. 

AD'DLE-HEAD-ED, I , u • 

AD'DLE-PA-TED, \ empty brains. 

ADD'LINGS, n. plu. Earnings ; wages received for work. 
Cheshire, Eng. 

AD-DOOM', V. t. See Doom. To adjudge. 

AD-DORS'ED, a. In heraldry, having the backs turned to 
each other, as beasts. 

AD-DRESF', V. t. [Fr. adresser.] 1. To prepare ; to make 
suitable dispositions for. 2. To direct words or discourse ; 
to apply to by words. 3. To direct in writing, as a letter ; 
or to direct and transmit. 4. To present an address, as a 
letter of thanks or congratulation, a petition, or a testimo- 
ny of respect. 5. To court or make suit as a lover. — 6. In 
commerce, to consign or intrust to the care of another, as 
agent or fjctor. 


AD-DRESS', 77. 1. A speaking to ; verbal application ; a 
formal manner of speech. 2. A written or formal appli- 
cation ; a message of respect, congratulation, thanks, pe- 
tition, &c. ; as, an address of thanks. 3. Manner of speak- 
ing to another ; as, a man of pleasing address. 4. Court- 
ship ; more generally in the plural, addresses. 5. Skill ; 
dexterity ; skilful management. 6. Direction of a letter, 
including the name, title, and place of residence of the 
person for whom it is intended. 


AD-DRESS'ED, (ad-drest') pp. Spoken or applied to ; di- 
rected ; courted ; consigned. 

AD-DRESS'ER, n. One who addresses or petitions. 

AD-DRESS'ING, ppr. Speaking or applying to ; directing ; 
cour_ting ; consigning. 

AD-DuCE', V. t. [L. adduco.] 1. To bring forward, present, 
or offer. 2. To cite, name, or introduce. 

AD-Dc'CED, (ad-duste') pp. Brought forward ; cited ; al- 
ledged in argument. 

AD-Dli'CENT, a. Bringing forward, or together a word 
applied to those muscles of the body which pull one part 
towards another. 

AD-Du'CI-BLE, a. That may be adduced. 

AD-Du'CING, ppr. Bringing forward ; citing in argument. 

AD-DUC'TION, 71. The act of bringing forward. 

AD-DII€'TIVE, a. That brings forward. 

AD-DU€'TOR, n. [L.] A muscle which draws one part of 
the body towards another. 

f AD-DULCE', (ad-duls') v. t. [L. ad and dulcis.] To 
sweeten. Bacon. 

AD'EB, 77. An Egyptian w'eight of 210 okes. Encyc. 

AD-E-LAN-TA'DO, n. [Spanish.] A governor of a prov- 
ince ; a lieutenant governor. 

AD'E-LING, 77. A title of honor, given by our Saxon ances- 
tors to the children of princes, and to young nobles. It is 
composed of adel, or rather cethel, the Teutonic term for 
noble, illustrious, and ling, young, posterity. 

AD'E-LfTE, n. Adelites or Almoganens, in Spain, were 
conjurers, who predicted fortunes. 

A-DEMP'TION, 77. [L. adimo.] In the civil law, the revoca- 
tion of a grant, donation, or the like. 


AD-E -NOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. aSyv and ypa^o).] That part 
of anatomy which treats of the glands. 

AD'E-NOID, 0 . [Gr. a^nv and a^oj.J In the form of a 
gland ; glandiform ; glaridulous. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.—FAE, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, 5IARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


ADJ 


ADJ 13 


AD-E-N0-L06'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to the doctrine of the 
glands. 

AD-E-NOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. aSrjv and Aoyoy.] In anatomy^ 
the doctNiie of the glands, their nature, and their uses. ' 

AD'iv-NOS, n. A species of cotton, from Aleppo, called also 
marine cotton. 

A-DEPT', n. [L. adeptxLs.'] One fully skilled or well versed 
in any art. 

A-DEPT', a. Well skilled j completely versed or acquainted 
with. Boyle. 

t A-DEP'TION, n. [L. adeptio.^ An obtaining ; acquire- 
ment. Bacon. 

AD'E-Q.UA-CY, n. [L. adcequatus.] The state or quality of 
being equal to, proportionate, or sufficient j a sufficiency 
for a particular purpose. fVar in Disguise. 

AD^E-CIGATE. a. Equal-, proportionate; correspondent 
to ; fully sufficient. 

I A1)'E-Q,ITATE, v. t. To resemble exactly. Shelf ord. 

AD'E-Q,UATE-LY, adv. In an adequate manner ; in exact 
proportion ; in a degree equal to the object. 

AD'E-OLMTE-NESJ^, n. The state of being adequate ; Just- 
ness of proportion or representation. 

t AD-E-CiUA'TION, n. Adequateness. Bp. Barlow. 

I AU-ES-POT'i€, a. Not absolute ; not despotic. 

AD-ES SE-Na'RI-ANS, n. [L. In church history, 

a sect who hold the real presence of Christ’s body in the 
eucharist, but not by transubstantiation. 

AD-FECT'El), a. In compounded ; consisting of 

different powers of the unknown quantity. Bailey. 

AD-FlL'i-A-TEl), a. Adopted as a son. See Affiliate. 

A1)-FIL-1-a'TION, n. [L. ad and filius.] A Gotliic custom, 
by which the children of a former marriage are put upon 
the same footing with those of a succeeding one. 

AD-IIj?K£', V. i. [L. adhwrco.] 1. To stick to, as glutinous 
substances, or by natural growth. 2. To be joined, or 
held in contact ; to cleave to. 3. Figuratively, to hold 
to, be attached, or remain fixed, either by personal union 
or conformity of faith, principle, or opinion. 4. To be 
consistent ; to hold together as the parts of a system. 
Shah. 

AD-He'RENCE, n. 1. The quality or state of sticking or 
adliering. 2. Figuratively , a being fixed in attachment ; 
fidelity ; steady attachment. 

AD-11 e'REN-CY, n. Tlie same as adherence. 

AD-He'RENT, a. Sticking, uniting, as glue or wax ; unit- 
ed with. 

A1)-He'RENT, n. The person who adheres ; one who fol- 
lows a leader, party, or profession ; a follower, or parti- 
san -^a believer in a particular faith or church. 

AD-Il e'RENT-LY, adv. In an adherent manner. 

AD-He'RER, 71. One that adheres ; an adherent. 

AD-IIe'^ION, (ad-he'-zhun) n. [L. adhmsio.'] 1. The act 
or state of sticking, or being united and attached to. Ad- 
hesion is generally used in a literal, adherence in a met- 
aphorical sense. 2. S<ime\\mes, figuratively, adherence, 
uniori, or steady attachment ; opinion. 

AD-IIe'SIVE, a. Sticky; tenacious, as glutinous substan- 
ces ; apt or tending to adhere. 

AI)-He'S1VE-LY, adv. In an adhesive manner. 

AD-IIe'SIVE-NESS, 71. The quality of sticking or adhering ; 
stickiness ; tenacity. 

AD-HIB'IT, V. t. [L. adhiheo.1 To use, or apply. [Barely 
used.] 

AD-HI-BI"TION, n. Application ; use. 

AD'HIL, V. A star of the sixth magnitude. 

AD-HOR-TA'TION, n. [L. adhortatio.] Advice. 

AD-IIORT'A-TO-RY, a. [L. adhortor.] Advisory ; con- 
taining counsel or warning. 

t AD-I-APH'O-RA-CY, 71. Indifference. 

AD-I-APIBO-RISTS, n. [Gr. aSia^opog.] Moderate Luther- 
ans ; a name given, in the sixteenth century, to certain 
men that followed Melancthon. 

AD-I-APH'O-ROUS, a. Indifferent ; neutral. 

t AD-I-APH'O-RY, 71. Indifference ; neutrality. 

A-DIE(j<, (a-du ) adv. [Fr. d dieu, to God.] Farewell ; an 
expression of kind wishes at tne parting of friends. 

A-DIEO , 71. A farewell, or commendation to the care of 
God. 

AD-I-POC'E-RATE, V. t. To convert into adipocere. 

AD-I-POC-E-RA TION, 71. The act or process of being 
changed into adipocere. 

AD'I-PO-CERE, n. [L. adeps and cera.] A soft, unctuous or 
waxy substance. 

AD'I-POSE, \ a. [L. adiposus.] Fat ; as, the adipose mem- 

AD'I-POUS, i brane. 

AD' IT, n. [L. adit7L<f.] An entrance or passage ; a term in 
mining, used to denote the opening. 

t AD-I"TION, n. The act of going to another. 

AD-JA'CEN-CY, n. [L. adjaceo.] The state of lying close 
or contiguous ; a bordering upon, or lying next to. 

AD-JA'CENT, a. Lying near, close, br contiguous ; border- 
ing upon. 

AD-JA'CENT, n. That which is next to, or contiguous. 
Locke. [Little used.] 


AD-JE€T^ V. t. [L. adjicio.] To add or put, as one thing 
to another. Macknight. 

AD-JECTION, 71. Tne act of adding, or thing added. 
Brown. [Little 

AD-JE€-TT'/TIOUS, a. Added. Parkhurst. 

AD'JEG-TIVE, 71. In grammar, a word used with a noun, 
to express a quality of the thing named, or something at- 
tributed to it, or to limit or define it, or to specify or de- 
scribe a thing, as distinct from something else. It is call- 
ed also an attributive or attribute. 

AD'JEC-TIVE-LY, adv. In the manner of an adjective ; 
as, a word is used adjectively. 

AD-JOIN', V. t. [Fr. adjoindre.] To join or unite to ; to put 
to, by placing in contact : to unite, by fastening together 
with a joint, mortise, or knot. See Join. 

AD JOIN', V. i. To lie or be next to, or in contact ; to be 
contiguous. 

t AD-JOIN'ANT, a. Contiguous to. Carew. 

AD-JOIN'ED, (ad-joind') pp. Joined to ; united. 

AD-JOIN'ING, ppr. Joining to ; adjacent ; contiguous. 

AD-JOURN', (ad-jurn') v. t. [Fr. ajourner.] Literally, to 
put off, or defer to another day ; bat now used to denote 
a formal intermission of business, a putting off to any fu- 
ture meeting of the same body, and appropriately used of 
public bodies, or private commissioners, intrusted with 
business. 

AD-JOURN', V. i. To suspend business for a time ; as from 
one day to another, or for a longer period. 

AD-JOURN'ED, (ad-jurnd') pp. 1. Put off', delayed, or de- 
ferred for a limited time. 2. As an adjective, existing or 
held by adjournment. 

AD-JOURN'ING, ppr. Deferring ; suspending for a time ; 
closing a session. 

AD-JOURN'MENT, 71. 1. The act of adjourning. 2. The 
putting off' till another day or time specified, or without 
day. 3. The time or interval during which a public body 
defers business ; as, during an adjournment. But a sus- 
pension of business, between the forming of a house and 
an adjournment for refreshment, is called a recess. In 
Great Britain, the close of a session of parliament is called 
a prorogation ; as the close of a parliament is a dissolu- 
tion. 

AD-JUDGE', V. t. [Fr. adjuger.] To decide, or determine, 
in the case of a controverted question ; to decree by a ju- 
dicial opinion. 

AD-JUDG^ED, (ad-jiidjd') Determined by judicial opiii- 
ionj decreed , sentenced. 

AD-JUDG'UNG, ppr. Determining by judicial opinion ; sen- 
tencing. 

AD-JUDG'MENT, n. The act of judging ; sentence. 

AD-JU’DI-€ATE, v. t. [L. adjudico.] To adjudge ; to try 
and determine, as a court. 

AD-Ju'DI-€ATE, v. i. To try and determine judicially. 

AD-Ju'DI-€A-TED, pp. Adjudged ; tried and decided. 

AD- JO DI-CA-TING, ppr. Adjudging ; trying and deter- 
mining. 

AD-JU-DI-€a TION, n. 1. The act of adjudging ; the act 
or process of trying and determining judicially. 2. A ju- 
dicial sentence ; judgment or decision of a court. 

t AD JU-GATE, V. t. To yoke to. 

f AD'JU-MENT, 71. [L. adjumentum.] Help ; support. 

AD'JUNGT, n. [L. adjunctus.] 1. Something added to an- 
other, but not essentially a part of it. — 2. In metaphysics, 
a quality of the body or the mind, whether natural or ac- 
quired.-^. In grammar, words added to illustrate or am- 
plify the force of other words. Adjunct has been used for 
a colleague, but rarely. Wottcn. 

AD'JUNGT, a. Added to or united with ; as, an adjunct 
professor. 

AD-JUN€'TION, n. The act of joining ; the thing joined. 

AD-JUN€'TIVE, a. Joining; having the quality of joining. 

AD-JUNG TIVE, 71. That which is joined. 

AD-JUN€'TIVE-LY, adv. In an adjunctive manner. 

AD-JUN€T'LY, adv. In connection with ; consequently. 

AD-JU-RA'TION, 71. 1. The act of adjuring ; a solemn 
charging on oath, or under the penalty of a curse. 2. 
The form of oath. Addison. 

AD-JDRE', V. t. [L. adjuro.] 1. To charge, bind, or com- 
mand on oatli, or under the penalty of a curse. 2. To 
charge earnestly and solemnly, on pain of God’s wrath, 
3. To conjure ; to charge, urge, or summon with solem- 
nity. Milton. 

AD-JuR'ED, (ad-jurd') pp. Charged on oath, or with a de- 
nunciation of God’s wrath ; solemnly urged. 

AD-JfrR'ER, n. One that adjures ; one that exacts an oath. 

AD-JDR'ING, ppr. Charging on oath, or on the penalty of a 
curse ; beseeching with solemnity, 

AD-JUST', V. t. [Sp. ajustar,] 1. To make exact ; to fit ; 
to make correspondent, or conformable. Swift, 2. To 
put in order; to regulate or reduce to system. 3. To 
make accurate ; to settle or bring to a satisfactory state, 
so that parties are agreed in the result. 

AD-JUST'ED, pp. Made exact or conformable ; reduced to 
a right form or standard ; settled. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 


14 


ADM 


ADM 


AD-JTJST*ER, n. A person who adjusts ; that which regu- 
lates. 

AD-JUST'ING, ppr. Reducing to due form ; fitting ; mak- 
ing exact or correspondent ; settling. 

AD-JUST'MENT, n. The act of adjusting ; regulation ; a 
reducing to just form or order j a making fit or conforma- 

blc * S0ttl61T16Il t* 

AD'JU-TAN-CY, n. The office of an adjutant j skilful ar- 
rangement. Burke. 

AD'JD-TANT, n. [L. adjutans.'] In military affairs^ an of- 
ficer whose business is to Eissist the major by receiving 
and communicating orders. — Adjutant-general j in an ar- 
my, is the chief adjutant. 

■f- AD-JuTE*, V. t. To help. B. Jonson. 

AD-Ju'TOR, 71. A helper. \Little usedA 
t AD'JU-TO-RY, a. Helping, 
t AD-JU'TRIX, 71. She who helps. 

AD-Ju'VANT, a. Helping ; assisting. Howell. 

* AD-JU'VANT, n. An assistant. 

AD-JU'VATE, V. t. To help. 

AD-LE-G action, n. [L. ad and legatio.'] In the public law 
of the German empire, a right claimed by the states, of 
joining their own ministers with those of the emperor, in 
public treaties. 

AD-LO-€U'TION, n. See Allocution. 

AD-MEAS'URE, (ad-mezh'ur) v. t. 1. To measure or as- 
certain dimensions, size, or capacity ; used for measure. 

2. To apportion ; to assign to each claimant his right. 
AD-MEAS'URED, (ad-mezh'urd) pp. Measured; appor- 
tioned. 

AD-MEAS'URE-MENT, n. 1. The measuring of dimen- 
sions by a rule. 2. The measure of a thing, or dimen- 
sions ascertained. 3. The adjustment of proportion, or 
ascertainment of shares, as of dower or pasture held in 
common. Blackstone. 

AD-MEAS^UR-ERj n. One that admeasures. 
AD-MEAS'UR-ING, ppr. Measuring ; apportioning. 
AD-MEN-SU-Ra'TION is equivalent to admeasurement, 
but not much used, 
f AD-Me'7T-ATE, V. t. To measure. 

I AD-MINH-GLE, n. [L. adminiculum.] Help ; support. 
AD-MI-NI€'U-LAR, a. Supplying help ; helpful. 
AD-MINMS-TER, V. t. [L. administro.^ 1. To act as min- 
ister or chief agent, in managing public affairs, under 
laws or a constitution of government, as a king, presi- 
dent, or other supreme officer. 2. To dispense ; as, to 
administer justice or the sacrament. 3. To afford, give, 
or furnish ; as, to administer relief. 4. To give, as an 
oath ; to cause to swear according to law. 
AD-MIN^IS-TER, v. i. 1. To contribute ; to bring aid or 
supplies ; to add something. 2. To perform the office of 
administrator. 

AD-MIN'IS-TERED, pp. Executed ; managed ; governed ; 
afforded ; given ; dispensed. 

AD-MIN-IS-Te'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to administration, or 
to the executive part of government. 
AD-MINMS-TER-ING, ppr. Executing ; carrying into ef- 
fect ; giving ; dispensing. 

AD-MINTS-TRA-BLE, a. Capable of administration. 
AD-MIN'IS-TRATE, in the place of administer, has been 
used, but is not well authorized. 

AD-M1N-IS-TRa'TION, 71. 1. The act of administering ; 
direction ; management ; government of public affairs ; 
the conducting of any office or employment. 2. The ex- 
ecutive part of government, consisting in the exercise of 
the constitutional and legal powers, the general superin- 
tendence of national affairs, and the enforcement of laws. 

3. The persons, collectively, who are intrusted with the 
execution of laws, and the superintendence of public af- 
fairs. 4. Dispensation ; distribution *, exhibition ; as, the 
administration of justice. 5. The management of the 
estate of an intestate person, under a commission from the 
proper authority. 6. The power, office, or commission of 
an administrator. Blackstone. 

AD-MIN'IS-TRA-TIVE, a. That administers, or by which 
one administers. 

AD-MIN-IS-TRA'TOR, 7t. 1. A man who, by virtue of a 
commission from the proper authority, has the charge of 
the goods and estate of one dying without a will. 2. One 
who administers, or who directs, manages, distributes, or 
dispenses laws and rites. — 3. In Scots law, a tutor, cura- 
tor, or guardian. 

AD-MIN-IS-TRa'TOR-SIIIP, 71. The office of an adminis- 
trator. 

AD-MIN-IS-TRa'TRIX, 71. A female who administers upon 
the estate of an intestate ; also a female who administers 
government. 

AD-Ml-RA-BIL'I-TY, tj. The quality of being admirable. 
AI>MI-RA-BLE, a. [L. admirabilis.] To be admired ; wor- 
thy of admiration ; having qualities to excite wonder, 
with approbation, esteem, or reverence ; used of persons 
or things. 

AD<MI-RA-BLE-NESS, tj. The quality of being admirable ; 
the power of exciting admiration. 


AD'MI-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner to excite wonder, 
mingled with approbation, esteem, or veneration. 

AD'MI-RAL, 71. [in the Latin of the middle ages, amira, 
amiras, admiralis.] A marine commander-in-chief; the 
commander of a fleet or navy. 1. The lord high admiral, 
in Great Britain, is an officer who superintends all mari- 
time affairs, and lias the government of the navy. 2. 
The admiral of the feet, the highest officer under the ad- 
miralty. 3. The vice admiral is an officer next in rank 
and command to the admiral. 4. The rear admiral is 
next in rank to the vice admiral. 5. The commander of 
any single fleet, or, in general, any flag officer. 6. The 
ship which carries the admiral ; also, the most considera- 
ble ship of a fleet. — 7. In zoology, a species of shell-fish. 

AD'MI-RAL-SHIP, n. The office or power of an admiral. 
[Little used.] 

AD^Ml-RAL-TY, n. In Great Britain, the office of lord high 
admiral. This office is discharged by one person, or by 
commissioners, called lords of the admiralty. The admi- 
ralty court, or court of admiralty, is the supreme court for 
the trial of maritime causes. In general, a court of admi- 
ralty is a court for the trial of causes arising on the high 
seas, as prize-causes and the like. 

AD-Ml-RA'TION, n. Wonder mingled with pleasing emo- 
tions, as approbation, esteem, love, or veneration ; a com- 
pound emotion excited by something novel, rare, great, or 
excellent. Drvden. 

t AD-Mi'RA-TIVE, n. A note of admiration, thus, ! 

AD-MIRE’, V. t. [L. admiror.] 1. To regard with wonder 
or surprise, mingled with approbation, esteem, reverence, 
or affection. 2. To regard with affection ; a familiar term 
for to love greatly. 

AD-MIRE', V. i. To wonder ; to be affected with slight sur- 
prise. Ray. 

AD-MIR'ED, (ad-mlrd') pp. Regarded with wonder, min- 
gled with pleasurable sensations. 

AD-MIR'ER, 71. One who admires ; one who esteems or 
loves greatly. 

AD-MiR'ING, ppr. Regarding with wonder, united with 
love or esteem. 

AD-MIR'ING-LY, adv. With admiration ; in the manner of 
an admirer. 

AD-MISS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being admissible. 
Chase. 

AD-MISS'I-BLE, a. That may be admitted, allowed, or 
conceded. 

AD-MISS'ION, TJ. [L. adjnw^io.] 1 . The act or practice of 
admitting; the state of being admitted. 2. Admittance ; 
power or permission to enter ; entrance ; access ; power 
to approach. 3. Allowance ; grant of an argument or 
position not fully proved. 

AD-MIT’, V. t. [L. admitto.] 1. To suffer to enter ; to 
grant entrance ; whether into a place, or an office, or 
into the mind, or consideration. 2. To give right of en- 
trance. 3. To allow ; to receive as true. 4. To permit, 
grant, or allow, or to be capable of. 

AD-MIT'TA-BLE, a. That may be admitted or allowed. 

AD-MIT'TANCE, n. 1. The act of admitting ; allowance. 
2. Permission to enter ; the power or right of entrance ; 
actual entrance. 3. Concession ; admission ; allowance. 
[Wot used.] 4. Shakspeare uses the word for the custom 
or prerogative of being admitted. 

AD-MIT'TED, pp. Permitted to enter or approach ; allow- 
ed ; granted ; conceded. 

AD-MIT'TER, 7i.,He that admits. 

AD-MIT'TING, ppr. Permitting to enter or approach ; al- 
lowing; conceding. 

AD-MIX’, V. t. To mingle with something else. See Mix. 

AD-MIX'TION, (ad-mix’chun) n. [L. admixtio.] A min- 
gling of bodies ; a union by mixing different substances 
together. 

AD-MIXT’URE, 71. The substance mingled with another; 
sometimes the act of mixture. 

AD-MON'ISH, V. t. [^L. admonco.] 1. To warn of a fault ; 
to reprove with mildness. 2. To counsel against w^rong 
practices ; to caution or advise. 3. To instruct or direct. 

AD-MON’ISHED, pp. Reproved ; advised ; warned ; in- 
structed. 

AD-MON’ISH-ER, n. One W'ho reproves or counsels. 

AD-MON'ISH-ING, ppr. Reproving ; w'arning ; counsel- 
ing ; directing. 

AD-MON'ISH-MENT, n. Admonition. Shak. 

AD-MO-NI"TION, tj. Gentle reproof; counseling against a 
fault ; instruction in duties ; caution ; direction. 

AD-MO-NI”TION-ER, n. A dispenser of admonitions. 
Hooker. 

AD-MON'I-TIVE, a. Containing admonition. Barrow. 

AD-MON'I-TOR, tj. An admonisher, a monitor. 

AD-MON'I-TO-RY,fl. Containing admonition ; that admon- 
ishes. 

AD-m6r-TI-ZA'TION, 71. The reducing of lands or tene- 
ments to mortmain. 

AD-xMGVE', V. t. [L. admoveo.] To move to ; to bring one 
thing to another. [Little used.] Brown. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, 0, D, Y, long.— FAR., FALL, WHAT ;—PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


ADO 15 


ADU 


t AD-MUR-MU-RA'TION, n. The act of murmuring to an- 
other. 

AD-NAS'CENT, a. Growing on something else. Evelyn, 
AD'Na^TA, 71. [L. ad and 7iatK*’.] 1. In anatomy^ one of 

the coats of the eye. 2. Such parts of animal or vegeta- 
ble bodies as are usual and natural. 3. Oftsets of plants, 
germinating under ground. 

AD'NATE, a. [L. ttd and 7iatjw.] In iotarty, pressing close 
to the stem, or growing to it. 

AD'NOUN, 71. In grammar, an adjective, or attribute. 
{Little used.'] 

A-DO', 71. [qu. a and do ] Bustle ; trouble ; labor ; diffi- 
culty ; as, to make a great ado about trifles. 
AD-O-LES'CENCE, 7i. [L. adolesccns.] The state of grow- 
ing, applied to the young of the human race j youth, or 
the period of life between childhood and manhood. 
AD-O-LES'CENT, a. Growing j advancing from childhood 
to manhood. 

AD-O-Nii'AN, a. Pertaining to Adonis. Faber. 

A-Do'NI-A, n. Festivals celebrated anciently in honor of 
Adonis, by females. 

A-DON'I€, a. Jidonic verse, a short verse, in which the 
death of Adonis was bewailed. 

A-DO\'l€, 71. An Adonic verse. 

A-DfyNIS, 71. In mythology, the favorite of Venus, said to 
be the son of Cinyras, king of Cyprus. 

A-Do'NIS. In botany, bird’s eye or pheasant’s eye. 
A-Do'NISTS, 71. Among critics, a sect or party who main- 
tain that the Hebrew points ordinarily annexed to the 
consonants of the word Jehovah, are not the natural 
points belonging to that word, and tliat they do not ex- 
press the true pronunciation of it. 
f A-DOORS', (a-dorz') ado. At doors ; at the door. 

A-DOPT', V. t. [L. adopto.] 1. To take a stranger into 
one’s family, as son and heir j to take one who is not a 
child, and treat him as one. 2. To take or receive, as 
one’s own, that which is not naturally so. 3. To select 
and take. 

A-DOPT'ED, pp. Taken as one’s own ; received as son 
and heir ; selected for use. 

A-DOPT'ED-LY, adv. In the manner of something adopted. 
A-DOPT'ER, n. One who adopts. 

ADOPTING, ppr. Taking a stranger as a son ; taking as 
one’s own. 

A-DOP'TION, 71. [L. adoptio.] 1. The act of adopting, or 
the state of being adopted ; the taking and treating of a 
stranger as one’s own child. 2. The receiving as one’s 
own what is new or not natural. 

A-DOPT'IVE, a. [L. adoptivus.] That adopts ; as, an 
adoptive father j or that is adopted ; as, an adoptive son. 
A-DOPT'IVE, 71. A person or thing adopted. 
A-Do'RA-BLE, o. That ought to be adored ; worthy of di- 
vine honors. 

A-Do'RA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being adorable, 
or worthy of adoration. 

A“D5'RA-BLY, adv. In a manner worthy of adoration. 
AD-O-Ra'TION, 71. 1. The act of paying honors to a divine 
being ; the worship paid to Goa ', the act of addressing 
as a god. 2. Homage paid to one in high esteem ; pro- 
found reverence. 

A-DORE', V. t. [L. adoro.] 1. To worship with profound 
reverence ; to pay divine honors to ; to honor as a god, 
or as divine. Dryden. 2. To love in the highest degree ; 
to regard with the utmost esteem, affection and respect. 
Tatler. 

A-DoR'ED, (a-dord') pp. Worshipped as divine ; highly 
reverenced ; greatly beloved, 
t A-DoRE'MENT, 71. Adoration. Brown. 

A-DoR'ER, 71. One who worships or honors as divine ; in 
popular language, an admiring lover. 

A-DoR'ING, ppr. or a. Honoring or addressing as divine •, 
regarding with great love or reverence. 

A-DORN', V. t. [L. adomo.] 1. To deck or decorate ; to 
make beautiful ; to add to beauty by dress ; to deck with 
external ornaments. 2. To set off to advantage ; to add 
ornaments to ; to embellish by any thing external or 
adventitious. 3. To make pleasing, or more pleasing. 
4. To display the beauty or excellence of. 
t A-DORN', 71. Ornament. Spenser. 
fA-DORN', a. Adorned ; decorated. Milton. 

A-DORN'ED, (a-dornd') pp. Decked ; decorated j embel- 
lished. 

A-DORN'ING, ppr. Ornamenting *, decorating ; displaying 
beauty. 

A-DORN'ING, 71. Ornament ; decoration. 

■f A-DORN'MENT, 71. Ornament. Raleigh. 
AD-OS-€U-La'TION, 71. [L. ad and osculatio.] The im- 
pregnation of plants by the falling of the farina on the 
pistils ; the inserting of one part of a plant into another. 
Crabbe. 

A-DOS'SED, a. [Fr. adossie.] In heraldry, placed back to 
back. 

A-DOWN', prep, [a and down.] From a higher to a lower 
situation ; downwards ; implying descent. 


A-DOWN', adv. Down ; on the ground ; at the bottom# 

f A-DREAD', (a-dred') a. Affected by dread. 

A-DRI-AT'IO, a. [L. JldHa, or Hadj'ia.] Pertaining to the 
gulf, called, from Venice, the Venetian Gulf. 

A-DRl-AT'J€, n. The Venetian Gulf. 

A-DRIFT', a. or adv. [Sax. adrifan.] Driven ; floating j 
impelled or moving without direction. 

AD-R0-Ga'T10N, n. [L. ad and rogo.] A species of adop- 
tion in ancient Rome. 

A-DROIT', a. [Fr.] Dextrous ; skilful ; active in the use of 
the hands, and, figuratively, '\\\. the exercise of the mental 
faculties ; ingenious : ready in invention or execution. 

A-DR01T'IjY, adv. With dexterity j in a ready, skilf^ul 
manner. Chesterfield. 

A-DROIT'x\ESS, 71. Dexterity ; readiness in the use of the 
limbs, or of the mental faculties. Horne. 

A-DRV' a. [Sax. adrigan.] TJiirsty, in want of drink. 

AD-SCI-TI"TIOUS, a. [L. ascititius.] Added ; taken as 
supplemental ; additional ; not requisite. 

AD-STRI€'T10N, n. [L. adstrictio.] A binding fast ; cos- 
tiveness ; a closeness of the emunctories. 


AD-STRI€'TO-RY, ) ^ Astringent 
AD-STRING'ENT. astringent. 

AD-U-LA'RI-A, 71. A mineral deemed the most perfect va- 
riety of felspar. Cleaveland. 

AD-U-LA'TION, n. [L. adulatio.] Servile flattery j praise 
in excess ; high compliment. Shak. 

AD'U-LA-TOR, n. A flatterer ; one who offers praise ser- 


vilely. 

AD'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Flattering 5 containing excessive 
praise or compliments ; sefvilely praising. 

AD'U-LA-TRESS, n. A female that flatters with servility, 

A-DULT', a. [L. adulhis.] Having arrived at mature years, 
or to full size and strength. 

A-DULT', 71. A person grown to full size and strength, or 
to the years of manhood. 

t AD'ULT-ED, part. a. Completely grown. 

A-DUL'TER-AnT, n. The person or thing that adulterates. 


A-DUL'TER-ATE, v. t. [L. adultero,] To corrupt, debase, 
or make impure, by an admixture of baser materials. Boyle. 

t A-DUL'TER-ATE, v. i. To commit adultery. 

A-DUL'TER-ATE, a. Tainted with adultery j debased by 
foreign mixture. 

A-DUL'TER-A-TED, pp. Corrupted •, debased by a mix- 
ture with something of less value. 

A-DUL'TER-ATE-LY, adv. In an adulterate manner. 

A-DUL'TER-ATE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 
debased or counterfeit. 

A-DUL'TER-A-TING, ppr. Debasing ; corrupting j coun- 
terfeiting. 

A-DUL-TER-a'TION, 71. The act of adulterating, or the 
state of being adulterated j coirupted or debased by for- 
eign admixture. 

A-DUL'TER-ER, n. [L. adulter.] 1. A man guilty of adul- 
tery ; a man who has sexual commerce with any married 
woman, except his wife. — 2. In Scripture, an idolater. 
Etek. xxiii. 3. An apostate from the true faith ; a very 
wicked person. Jer. ix. 4. One devoted to eartlily things. 
James, iv. 

A-DUL'TER-ESS, n. A married woman guilty of inconti- 


nence. 

A-DUL'TER-INE, a. Proceeding from adulterous com- 
merce ; spurious. Hall. 

A-DUL'TER-INE, n. In the civil law, a child issuing 
from an adulterous connection. 

t A-DUL'TER-lZE, v. t. To commit adultery. 

A-DUL'TER-OUS, a. 1. Guilty of adultery j pertaining 
to adultery. — 2. In Scripture, idolatrous, very wicked. 
Mat. xii. 

A-DUL'TER-OUS-LY, adv. In an adulterous manner. 

A-DUIj'TER-Y, n. [L. adultcrhan.] 1. Violation of the 
marriage bed ; the unfaithfulness of any married person 
to the marriage bed. — 2. In a scriptural sense, all manner 
of lewdness or imchastity, as in the seventh command- 
ment.— 3. In Scripture, idolatry, or apostasy from the true 
God. Jer. iii. 

A-DULT'NESS, n. The state of being adult. 

AD-UM'BRANT, a. Giving a faint shadow, or slight re- 
S0inl)l^riC0 

AD-UM'BRATE, v. t. [L. adumbro.] To give a faint shad- 
ow, or slight likeness. 

AD-UM-BRa'TION, 71. 1. The act of making a shadow or 
faint resemblance. 2. A faint sketch ; an imperfect rep- 
resentation of a thing. Bacon. — 3. In heraldry, tlie shad- 
ow only of a figure, outlined, and painted of a color 
darker than the field. 

t AD-U-Na'TION, 71. The state of being united - union. 
Crammer. 

A-DUN'CI-TY, 71. [L. aduncitas.] Hookedness ; a bending 
in form of a hook. Arbuthnot. 

A-DUN'COUS, a. [L. adunctis.] Hooked ; bent, or made in 
the form of a hook. Bacon. 

t A-DUNCtUE', a. Hooked. Bacon. 

t A-DORE', V. t. [L. aduro.] To bum up. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K j G as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


ADV 


ADV 16 


A-DUST', a, [L. advLstus.l Burnt ; scorched ; become dry 
by heat ; hot and fiery. 

A-DUST'ED, a. Become hot and dry ; burnt : scorched. 

f A-DUST I-BLE, a. That may be burnt up. 

A-DUS'TION, n. The act of burning, scorching, or heat- 
ing to dryness ; a state of being thus heated or dried. 

AD- VANCE', V. t. [Fr. avancerA 1. To bring forward j 
to move further in front. 2. To promote ; to raise to a 
liigher rank. 3. To improve or make better, which is 
considered as a progression^ or moving forward. 4. To 
forward ; to accelerate growth. 5. To offer or propose j 
to bring to view or notice. — 6. In commerce^ to supply be- 
forehand ; to furnish on credit^ or before goods are deliv- 
ered, or work done. 7. To raise j to enhance. 

AD- VANCE', V. i. 1. To move or go forward *, to proceed. 
2. To improve, or make progress ; to grow better, great- 
er, wiser or older. 3. To rise in rank, office, or conse- 
quence *, to be preferred, or promoted. 

AD- VANCE', n. 1. A moving forward, or towards the 
front. 2. Gradual progression ; improvement ; as, an ad~ 
vance in religion or knowledge. 3. Advancement ; pro- 
motion ; preferment. 4. First hint by way of invita- 
tion ; first step towards an agreement. — 5. In trade, 
additional price ; profit. 6. A giving beforehand ; a 
furnishing of something, on contract, before an equiva- 
lent is received. 7. A furnishing of money or goods for 
others, in expectation of reimbursement ; or the property 
■so furnished. — In advance, in front; before ; also before- 
hand ; before an equivalent is received. 

AD-VAN'CED, (ad-vanst') pp. Moved forward j promoted ; 
improved ; furnished beforehand ; situated m front, or 
before the rest ; also, old, having reached the decline of 
life. 

AD-V ANCE'MENT, n. 1. The act of moving forward or pro- 
ceeding. 2. The state of being advanced ; preferment ; 
promotion, in rank or excellence ; the act of promot- 
ing. 3. Settlement or. a wife, or jointure. 4. Provision 
made by a parent for a child. 5. Money advanced. 

AD-VAN'CER, n. One who advances ; a promoter. 

AD-VAN'CING, ppr. Moving forward; proceeding; pro- 
moting ; raising to higher rank or excellence ; improv- 
ing ; supplying beforehand, as on loan, or as stock in 
trade. 

AD-VAN'CIVE, a. Tending to advance, or promote. 

AD-VAN'TAGE, n. [Fr. avantage.l 1. Any state, condi- 
tion, or circumstance, favorable to success, prosperity, 
interest, or reputation. 2. Benefit ; gain ; profit. 3. 
Means to an end ; opportunity ; convenience for obtain- 
ing benefit. 4. Favorable state or circumstances. 5. 
Superiority, or prevalence over ; with of or over. 6. Su- 
periority, or that which gives it. 7. Interest ; increase ; 
overplus. [Ofe.] Shak. 8. Additional circumstance to give 
preponderation. 

AD-VAN'TAGE, v. t. 1. To benefit; to yield profit or 
gain. 2. To promote ; to advance the interest of. 

AD-VAN'TAGE-A-BLE, a. Profitable ; convenient ; gain- 
ful. [Little used.] 

AD-VAN'TA6ED, pp. Benefited ; promoted. 

AD VAN'T AGE-GROUND, n. Ground that gives advan- 
tage or superiority ; a state that gives superior advan- 
tages for annoyance or resistance. 

AD-VAN-Ta'GEOUS, a. Being of advantage; furnishing 
convenience, or opportunity to gain benefit ; gainful ; 
profitable ;_ useful ; beneficial. 

AD-VAN-Ta'GEOUS-LY, adv. In an advantageous man- 
ner ; profitably; useftilly; conveniently. 

AD-VAN-Ta'GEOUS-NESS, n. The quality or state of be- 
ing advantageous ; profitableness. 

AD-VAN'TA-GING, ppr. Profiting; benefitting. 

t AD-VEC-TI'TIOUS, a. Brought ; carried. 

AD-VkNE', V. i. [L. advenio.] To accede, or come to ; to 
be added to. [Little used.] 

AD-V e'NI -ENT, a. Advening ; coming from outward 
causes. 

AD'VENT, 71. [L. adventus.] A coming ; appropriately, the 
coming of our Savior, and in the calendar it includes four 
Sabbaths before Christmas, beginning on St. Andrew’s 
Day, or on the Sabbath next before or after it, intended 
as a season of devotion. 

t AD-VENT'INE, a. Adventitious. Bacon. 

AD-VEN TI"TIOUS, a. [L. adventitius.] Added extrinsi- 
cally ; accidental ; not essentially inherent ; casual ; for- 

AD-VEN-TI"TI0US-LY, adv. Accidentally. 

AD-VENT'IVE, a. Accidental ; adventitious. 

AD-VENT'IVE, n. The thing or person that comes from 
without, n^ittle used,] Bacon. 

AD-VENT'U-AL, a. Relating to the season of advent. 

AD-VENT'URE, rt. [Fr. aventure.] 1. Hazard ; risk ; 
chance ; that of which one has no direction. 2. An en- 
terprise of hazard ; a bold undertaking. 3, That which 
is put to hazard. 

AD-VENT'URE, v. t. To risk, or hazard ; to put in the 
power of unforeseen events. 


AD-VENT'URE, v, u To dare ; to try the chance. 

AD-VENT'URED, pp. Put to hazard ; ventured ; risked. 

AD-VENT'UR-ER, n. 1. One who hazards, or puts some- 
thing at risk. 2. One who seeks occasions of chance, 
or attempts extraordinary enterprises. 

AD-VENT'URE-SOME, a. Bold ; daring ; incurring haz- 
ard. 

AD-VENT'URE-S6ME-NESS, n. The quality of being 
bold and venturesome. 

AD-VENT'UR-ING, ppr. Putting to risk ; hazarding. 

AD-VENT'UR-OUS, a. [Fr. aventureux.] 1. Inclined or 
willing to incur hazard ; bold to encounter danger ; dar- 
ing : courageous ; enterprising. 2. Full of hazard ; at- 
tended with risk ; exposing to danger ; requiring courage. 

AD-VENT'UR-OUS-LY, ado. Boldly ; daringly ; in a man- 
ner to incur hazard. 

AD-VENT'UR-OUS-NESS, n. The act or quality of being 
adventurous. 

AD'VERB, n. [L. adverbium.] In grammar, a word used 
to modify the sense of a verb, participle, adjective or at- 
tribute, and usually placed near it; as, he writes well. 

AD-VERB'I-AL, a. Pertaining to an adverb. 

AD-VERB'I-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an adverb. 

t AD-VERS'A-BLE, a. Contrary to ; opposite to. 

AD-VER-Sa'RI-A, n. [L. from adversus.] Among the art- 
cients, a book of accounts. A common-place book. 

AD'VER-SA-RY, n. 1. An enemy or foe ; one who has en- 
mity at heart. 2. An opponent or antagonist, as in a suit 
at law, or in single combat ; an opposing litigant. 

AD'VER-SA-RY, a. Opposed ; opposite to ; adverse. 

AD-VERS'A-TIVE, a. Noting some dilference, contrarie- 
ty, or opposition. 

AD-VERS'A-TIVE, n. A word denoting contrariety or 
opposition. 

AD'VERSE, a. [L. aduersMs.] 1. Opposite ; opposing ; act- 
ing in a contrary direction ; conflicting ; counteracting 
2. Figuratively, opposing desire ; contrary to the wishes, 
or to supposed good ; hence, unfortunate ; calamitous ; 
afflictive ; pernicious ; unprosperous. 

t AD-VERSE', (ad-vers') v. t. To oppose. Gower. 

AD'VERSE-LY, adv. In an adverse manner ; oppositely ; 
unfortunately ; unprosperously ; in a manner contrary to 
desire or success. 

AD'VERSE-NESS, n. Opposition ; unprosperousness. 

AD-VERS'I-TY, n. An event, or series of events, which 
oppose success or desire ; misfortune ; calamity ; afflic- 
tion ; distress ; state of unhappiness. 

AD-VERT', V. i. [L. adverto.] To turn the mind or atten- 
tion to ; to regard, observe, or notice ; with to. 

t AD-VERT', V. t. To regard ; to advise. 

AD-VERT'ED, pp. Attended to ; regarded ; with to. 

AD-VERT'ENCE, ) n. A direction of the mind to ; atten- 

AD-VERT'EN-CY, | tion ; notice ; regard ; considera- 
tion ; heedfulness. 

AD-VERT'ENT, a. Attentive ; heedful. 

AD-VERT'ING, ppr. Attending to; regarding; observing. 

AD-VER-TISE', v. t. [Fr. avertir.] 1. To inform ; to give 
notice, advice or intelligence to, whether of a past or 
present event, or of something future. 2. To publish a 
notice of; to publish a written or printed account of. 

AD-VER-TIS'ED, (ad-ver-tizd') pp. Informed ; warned ; 
used of persons : published ; made known ; used of things. 

* AD-VER'TISE-MENT, n. Information; admonitio'h ; 
notice given. Mure generally, a publication intended to 
give notice. 

AD-VER-TIS'ER, n. One who advertises. — 'This title is 
often given to public prints. 

AD-VER-TTS'ING, ppr. 1. Informing: giving notice; 
publishing notice. 2. a. Furnishing aavertisements ; as, 
advertising customers. / 

AD- VICE', 71. [Fr. evts.] 1. Counsel ; an opinion recom- 
mended, or offered, as worthy to be followed. 2. Pru- 
dence ; deliberate consideration. 3. Information ; notice ; 
intelligence. 

AD-ViCE'-BOAT, n. A vessel employed to carry dis- 
patches or information. 

t AD-yiGT-LATE, v. t. To watch. 

AD-Vl'$A-BLE, a. [Se« Advise.] 1. Proper to be advised ; 
prudent ; expedient ; proper to be done or practiced. 
2. Open to advice. South. 

AD-VI'$A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being advisable 
or expedient. 

AD-VTSE', v. f. [Yx.aviser.] 1. To give counsel to; to 
offer an opinion, as worthy or expedient to be followed. 
2. 'To give information ; to communicate notice ; to make 
acquainted with. 

AD-VISE', V. i. To deliberate, weigh well, or consider. 

AD-VIS'ED, (ad-vizd') pp. 1. Informed ; counseled ; also, 
cautious; prudent; acting with deliberation. 2. Done, 
formed, or taken with advice or deliberation ; intended. 

AD-VIS'ED-LY, adv. With deliberation or advice ; heed- 
fully ; purposely ; by design. 

AD-VIS'ED-NESS, n. Deliberate consideration ; prudent 
procedure. 


See Synopsis. A, £, T, 0, D, Y, Zoti^.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PR£Y ;~HN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


AER 


17 AFF 


AD-VISE'MENT, 71. 1. Counsel ; information ; circum- 
spection. 2. Consultation. Mass. Reports. 

AD*VIS’ER, n. One who gives advice or admonition ; also, 
in a bad senscj one who instigates. 

AD-VIS'ING, ppr. Giving counsel. 

AD-VIS'ING, 71. Advice j counsel. Shak. 

I AD-VI'SO, 71. Advice ; consideration. 

AD-VI'SO-RY, a. 1. Having power to advise. Madison. 2. 
Containing advice. 

AD'VO-CA-CY, 71. The act of pleading for ; intercession. 

Brown. 2. Judicial pleading ; law-suit. Chaucer. 
AD'VO-CATE, 71. [L. advocatus.] 1. One who pleads the 
cause of another before any tribunal or judicial court. 2 . 
One who defends, vindicates, or espouses a cause, by ar- 
gument •, one who is friendly to ; as, an advocate for peace. 
— In Scripture, Christ is called an .Advocate for his people. 
— Facultij of advocates, in Scotland, is a society of emi- 
nent lawyers, consisting of about 200 , who practice in the 
highest courts. — Judge advocate, in courts martial, a per- 
son who manages the prosecution. 

AD'VO-CATE, V. t. To plead in favor of ; to defend by ar- 
gument, before a tribunal ; to support or vindicate. Mil- 
ton. Mackenzie. Mitford. 

AD'VO-€A-TED, pp. Defended by argument ; vindicated. 
AD'VO-CA-TESS, 7 i. A female advocate. 
AD'VO-CA-TING, ppr. Supporting by reasons j defending *, 
maintaining. 

AD-VO-Ca'TION, 71. A pleading for ; plea ; apology, 
f AD-VO-La'TION, 71. A hying to something, 
t AD-VO-LU'TION, 71. The act of rolling to something. 
AD-VOU'TRER, n. An adulterer. 

AD-VOU'TRESS, n. An adulteress. Bacon. 
t AD-VOU'TROUS, a. Adulterous. 

AD-VOU'TRY, 71. Adultery. \ Little rised."] Bacon. 
AD-VOVV-EE', 71. 1. He that has the right of advowson. 

2. The advocate of a church, or religious house. 
AD-VOW'SON, 71. [Norm, avocrie, or avoeso7i.] In English 
law, a right of presentation to a vacant benefice ; or, a 
right of nominating a person to officiate in a vacant church. 
Blackstone. 

AD-VOY'ER, or A-VOY'ER, n. [old Fr. advoes.l A chief 
magistrate of a town or canton in Switzerland. 
a'DY, 71. The abanga, or Thernel’s restorative ; a species 
of palm-tree, in the West Indies. 

ADZ, 71. [Sax. adese ; formerly written in Eng. addice.] An 
iron instrument having an arching blade athwart the 
handle. 

iE. A diphthong in the Latin language ; used also by the 
Saxon writers. It answers to the Gr. ai. The Sax. w 
has been changed into e or ea. In derivatives from the 
learned languages, it is mostly superseded by e, and con- 
venience seems to require it to be wholly rejected in an- 
glicized words. For such words as may be found with 
this initial combination, the reader will therefore search 
under the letter K. 

iED, cd, ead, syllables found in names from the Saxon, sig- 
nify happy ; as, Eadric, happy kingdom ; Edward, pros- 
perous watch. Gibson. 

AB'DiLE, 71. [Lat.] In a ncie7it Ro7uc, an officer wdio had the 
care of the public buildings, «fcc. 
iE'GI-LOPS, n. [Gr. oiyiXwi//.] A tumor in the corner of 
the eye, and a plant so called. 

AE'GIS, n. [Gr. aiyig.] A shield, or defensive armor. 
A^G'LOGUE, (eg'-log) n. A pastoral. 

AE-GYP-Tl'A-€UM, 71. An ointment. 

AEL, al, alh, or eal, in Saxon, Eng. all, are seen in many 
names ; as in .Mlfred, Alfred, all peace. Gibson. 

AELF seems to be one form of help, but more generally 
written elph, or ulph ; as in .^Ifwin, victorious aid. Gib- 
son. 

AE'O-LTST, n. [L. .HJlolus.'] A pretender to inspiration. 
a'E-RATE, v.t. To combine with carbonic acid, formerly 
called fixed air. 

a'E-RA-TED, pp. Combined with carbonic acid. 
a'E-RA-TING, ppr. Combining with carbonic acid. 
a-E-R.v'TION, 71. The act or operation of combining with 
carbonic acid. 

A-k'RI-AL, a. [L. acrius,'] 1. Belonging to the air or at- 
mosphere. 2. Consisting of air ; partaking of the nature 
of air. 3. Produced by air. 4. Inhabiting, or frequent- 
ing the air. 5. Placed in the air j high j lofty ; ele- 
vated. 

A-K'RI-ANS, n. In church history, a branch of Arians, so 
called from Aerius. 

* a'E-RIE, n. [W. er yr.'] The nest of a fowl, as of an eagle 
or hawk ; a covey of birds. Shak. 
a-ER-I-FI-Ca'TION, n. The act of combining air wdth 5 
the state of being filled with air. 2. The act of becom- 
ing air, or of changing into an aeriform state ; the state 
of being aeriform. Fourcroy. 1 

a'ER-I-FiED, pp. Having air infused, or combined with. 
a'ER-I-FORM, a. [L. aer and foi'7na.'\ Having the form 
or nature of air, or of an elastic, invisible fluid. 


a'ER-I-FY, 7 .’. t. To infuse air into ; to fill with air, or to 
combine air with. 

A-ER-OG'RA-PHY, ?r. [Gr. ayp and ypa^a).'\ A descriptioi, 
of the air or atmosphere ; but aerology is chiefly used. 
a'ER-O-LITE, 71. [Gr. ajyp and XtOof.] A stone falling from 
the air, or atmospheric regions •, a meteoric stone. 
A-ER-O-LOG 1-CAL, a. Pertaining to aerology. 
A-ER-OL'0-GlST, 71 . One wdm is versed in aerology. 
A-ER-OL'O-GY, 7 J. [Gr. ar?p and Xoyog.j A description of 
the air 5 that branch of philosophy which treats of the air. 
a'ER-O-MAN-CY, 71. [Gr. a 7 ?p and parrem.] Divination by 
means of the air and winds. [Little 7ised.] 
a-ER-OXPE-TER, n. [Gr. ayp and perpov.] An instrument 
for weighing air, or for ascertaining the mean bulk of 
gases. 

A-jRi-OM'E-TRY, n. The science of measuring the air ; 
the art or science of ascertaining the mean bulk of the 
gases. 

a^ER-O-NAUT, 71. [Gr. ayp and vavryg.] One who sails or 
floats in the air 5 an aerial navigator. Biirke. 
a-ER-0-NAUT'1C, a. Sailing or floating in the air; per- 
taining to aerial sailing. 

a-ER-0-NAUT'1€^, n. The doctrine, science, or art of 
sailing in the air by means of a balloon. 
a'ER-O-NAUT-ISM, V. The practice of ascending and 
floating in the atmosphere, in balloons. Joxirn. of Science. 
a-ER-OS^OO-PY, 71. [Gr. aijp and aKcnTopai.] The observa- 
tion of the air. [Little xiscd.] 

a'ER-O-STAT, 71. [Gr. atjp and craTog.'\ A machine or ves- 
_ sel sustaining weights in- the air. 

a-ER-OS-TAT'I€, a. Sruspending in air ; pertaining to the 
art of aerial navigation. 

a-ER-OS-T action, 71. 1. Aerial navigation ; the science 
of raising, suspending, and guiding machines in the air. 
Adaxns. 2. The science of w^eighing air. 
a'ER-Y-LIGIIT, in Milton, light as air ; used for airy 
light. 

A-F.^R', adv. [a and far.'] 1. At a distance in place ; to 
or from a distance. — 2. In Scripture, figuratively, estran- 
ged m affection ; alienated. 3. Absent; not assisting, 
t A-FkARD', a. [Sax. aferan.] Afraid ; affected with tear 
or apprehension. 

A FER, n. [L.] The south-west w-ind. 

AF'FA, 71. A w’eight used on the Guinea coast. 
AF-FA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being affable ; readi- 
ness to converse ; civility and courteousness in receiving 
others, and in conversation ; condescension in manners. 
AF'FA-BLE, a. [L. affabilis.] 1. Easy of conversation ; 
admitting others to free conversation without reserve ; 
courteous ; complaisant ; of easy manners ; condescend- 
ing ; usually applied to superiors. 2. Applied to external 
appearance, affable denotes that combination of features, 
which invites to conversation, and renders a person ac- 
cessible ; opposed to a forbidding aspect ; mild ; benign ; 
as, an affable countenance. 

AFTW-BLE-NESS, n. Affability. 

AF'FA-BLY, ado. In an affable manner ; courteously ; in- 
vitingly. 

t AFTVV-BROUS, a. Skilfully made. 

AF-FaIR', 71 . [Fr. affaire.] 1. Business of any kind ; that 
which is done, or is to be done. In the plural, it denotes 
transactions in general ; as, human affairs. 2. Matters ; 
state ; condition of business or concerns. 3. In the sin- 
gular, it is used for a private dispute or duel, or a partial 
engagement of troops. 

t AF-FAM'ISH, V. t. [Fr. affamir.] To starve, 
t AF-FAMTSII-MENT, n. tiRarvation. 

AF-FkARV. See Affeer. 

AF-FEGT', V. t. [L. afficio, affectmn.] 1. To act upon ; to 
produce an effect or change upon. 2. To act upon, or 
move the passions. 3. To aim at ; aspire to ; desire or 
entertain pretension to. 4. To tend to by natural affin- 
ity or disposition. 5. To love, or regard with fondness. 
C. To make a show of ; to attempt to imitate, in a man- 
ner not natural ; to study the appearance of what is not 
natural, or real. 

AF-FE€-Ta'TION, 71 . [L. affectatio.] 1. An attempt to 
assume or exhibit what is not natural or real ; false pre- 
tense ; artificial appearance, or show. 2. Fondness ; af- 
fection. [JV'bf used.] Hooker. 

AF-FE€T'ED, pp. 1. Impressed ; moved, or touched, either 
in person or in interest ; having suffered some change by 
external force, loss, danger, and the like. 2. Touched in 
the feelings ; having the feelings excited. 3. Having the 
passions moved. — 1. a. Inclined, or disposed ; followed 
by to. 2. Given to false show ; assuming, or pretend- 
ing to possess what is not natural or real. 3. AssumcL 
artificially ; not natural. . . 

AF-FEGT ED-LY, adv. In an affected manner ; hypopiti- 
cally ; w'ith more show than reality ; formally ; studious- 

Iv ; unnaturallv. . ^ ^ r 

AF'-FE€T'ED-NEf?S, n. The quality of being affected ; af- 
fectation. 


Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ;—BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this, j Obsolete. 


AFF 


18 


AFF 


AF-FE€T'ING, ppr. 1. Impressing ; having an eflect on ; 
touching the feelings j moving the passions ; attempting 
a false show ; greatly desiring ; aspiring to possess. — 2. a. 
Having power to excite, or move the passions ; tending 
to move the affections j pathetic. 

AF-FE€T'ING-LY, adv. In an affecting manner; in a 
manner to excite emotions. 

AF-FE€'TION, n. 1. The state of being affected. [Little 
used.] 2. Passion. 3. A bent of mind towards a par- 
ticular object, holding a middle place between disposition, 
which is natural, and passion, which is excited by tlie 
presence of its exciting object. 4. A settled good will, 
love, or zealous attachment ; as, the affection of a parent 
for his child. 5. Desire *, inclination ; propensity, good or 
evil. 6. An attribute, quality or property, which is in- 
separable from its object; as, love, fear, and hope are 
affections of the mind. — 7. Amon" physicians, a disease, 
or any particular morbid state of the body ; as, a gouty 
affection.—^. In painting, a lively representation of pas- 
sion. 

AF-FE€'TI0N-ATE, a. [Fr. affectiomie.] 1. Having great 
love, or affection ; fond. 2. Warm in affection ; zealous. 
3. Proceeding from affection ; indicating love ; benevo- 
lent ; tender. 

AF-FEC'TION-ATE-LY, adv. With affection ; fondly ; 
tenderly ; kindly. 1 Thes. ii. 

AF-FECnriON-ATE-NESS, n. Fondness ; good will ; af- 
fection. 

AF-FE€'TIONED, a. 1. Disposed ; having an affection 
of heart. Hom.xii. 2. Affected ; conceited. [Ofts.] Shak. 
f AF-FEC'TIOUS-LY, adv. Innn affecting manner. 
AF-FE€TTVE, a. That affects, or excites emotion ; suited 
to affect. [Little used.] 

AF-FE€T'IVE-LY, adv. In an affective or impressive man- 
ner. 

AF-FE€T'OR, or AF-FE€T'ER, n. One that affects ; one 
that practices affectation, 
j- AF-FE€T'U-OUS, a. Full of passion. Leland. 

\ AF-FE€-TU-OS'I-TY, n. Passionateness, 
f AF-FEER', V. t. [Fr. affier.] To confirm. 

AF-FEER', V. t. [It. offerer^ In law, to assess or reduce 
an arbitrary penalty or amercement to a precise sum. 
Blackstone. 

AF-FEER'ED, (af-feerd') pp. Moderated in sum ; assessed ; 

reduced to a certainty. 

AF-FEER'MENT, n. The act of afieering. 

AF-FEER'OR, ?i. One who affeers. Cowel. 
AF-FET-TU-O'SO, or CON AFFETTO, [It.] In music, a 
direction to render notes soft and affecting. 

AF-Fl'ANCE, 71. [Norm, affiaunce.] 1. The marriage con- 
tract or promise ; faith pledged. 2. Trust in general ; 
confidence ; reliance. 

AF-FPANCE, V. t. 1. To betroth ; to pledge one’s faith 
or fidelity in marriage, or to promise marriage. 2. To 
giv^ confidence. Pope. 

AF-Fl'ANCED, pp. Pledged in marriage ; betrothed ; 
bound in faith. 

AF-FI'AN-CER, n. One who makes a contract of marriage 
between parties. 

AF-FI'AN-CING, ppr. Pledging in marriage ; promising 
fidelity. 

t AF-FI-Da'TION, ) tv, ^ * 

f AF-FI-DAfrURE, j contract. 

AFFIDA'VIT, 71. [^an old law verb in the perfect tense ; he 
made oath.] A declaration upon oath ; a declaration in 
writing sworn to before a magistrate. 

I AF-Fl'ED, (af-fide') a. or part. Joined by contract ; affi- 
anced. 

I AF-FILE', V. t. [Fr. affilcr.] To polish. Chaucer. 
AF-FIL'l-ATE, v. t. [Fr. affilier.] 1. To adopt ; to receive 
into a family as a son. 2. To receive into a society as a 
member, and initiate in its mysteries, plans, or intrigues — 
a sense in which the word was much used in France, during 
the revolution. 

AF-FIL-I-A'TION, n. Adoption ; association in the same 
family or society. 

AF'FI-NAGE, n. The refining of metals by coppel. 
t AF-F7N'ED, (af-find) a. Joined by affinity. 
AF-FIN'I-TY, 71. [L. afjinitas.] 1. The relation contracted 
by marriage, between a husband and his wife’s kindred, 
and between a wife and her husband’s kindred ; in con- 
tradistinction from consanguinity. 2. Agreement ; rela- 
tion ; conformity ; resemblance ; connection. — 3. Inc/ie 77 i- 
islry, attraction ; elective attraction, or that tendency 
which different species of matter have to unite, and com- 
bine with certain other bodies, and the power that disposes 
thcin to continue in combination. 

AF-FiRM', V. t. [L. affirmo.] 1. To assert positively ; to 
tell with confidence ; to aver ; to declare the existence of 
something ; to maintain as true ; opposed to deny. 2. To 
make firm ; to establish, confirm or ratify. [oath. 

AF-FiRM', V. i. To declare solemnly ; to declare as under 
AF-FHlM'A-BLE, a. That may be asserted or declared. 
AF-FiRM' A-BLY, adv. In a way capable of affirmation. 


AF-FiRM'ANCE, ti. 1. Confirmation ; ratification. 2. 
Declaration ; affirmation. [Little used.] 

AF-FiRM'ANT, n. One who affirms. 

AF-FiRM-A'TION, n. 1. The act of affirming or asserting 
* as true. 2. That which is asserted ; position declared 
as true ; averment. 3. Confirmation ; ratification ; an 
establishing of what had been before done or decreed. 4 
A solemn declaration made under the penalties of per- 
jury. 

AF-FiRM'A-TIVE, a. I. That affirms, or asserts ; declar- 
atory of what exists ; opposed to negative. 2. Confirm- 
ative ; ratifying. — 3. In algebra, positive. 4. Positive ; 
dogmatic. [0&5.] Taylor. 

AF-FiRM' A-TIVE, n . That side of a question which affirms 
or maintains ; opposed to negative. 

AF-FiRM' A-TIVE-LY, adv. In an affirmative manner , 
positively ; on the affirmative side of a question. 

AF-FiRM'ED, (af-furmd') pp. Declared ; asserted ; averred ; 
confirmed ; ratified. 

AF-FiRM'ER, n. One who affirms. 

AF-FiRM'lNG, ppr. Asserting ; declaring positively ; con- 
firming. 

AF-FIX', V. t. [L. affigo, afftxum.] 1. To unite at the end ; 
to subjoin, annex, or add at the close. 2. To attach, 
unite, or connect witli. 3. To fix or fasten in any manner 

AF'FIX, 71. A syllable or letter added to the end of a word. 

AF-FIX'ED, (af-fixt') pp. United at the end ; annexed ; 
attached. 

AF-FIX'ING, ppr. Uniting at the end ; subjoining; attach- 
ing. 

AF-FIX'ION, n. The act of uniting at the end, or state of 
being so united. [Little used.] 

AF-FIXT'URE, n. That which is affixed. 

AF-FLA'TION, n. [L. afflo, afflatum.] A blowing or breath- 
ing on. 

AF-FLa'TUS, n. [L.] 1. A breath or blast of wind. 2. 

Inspiration ; communication of divine knowledge, or the 
power of prophecy. 

AF-FLICT , V. t. [L. affigo, afficto.] 1. To give to the 
body or mind pain which is continued ; to grieve, or dis- 
tress. 2. To trouble ; to harass ; to distress. 

AF-FLICT ED, pp. Affected with continued or often re- 
peated pain, either of body or mind ; suffering grief or dis- 
tress of any kind. 

AF-FLICT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being afflicted ; but 
superseded by affliction. 

AF-FLICT'ER, n. One who afflicts. 

AF-FLICT'ING, ppr. Causing continued pain of body or 
mind ; grieving ; distressing. 

AF-FLICT'ING, a. Grievous ; distressing. 

AF-FLICT'ING-LY, adv. In an afflicting manner. 

AF-FLIC'TION, n. 1. The state of being afflicted ; a state 
of pain, distress, or grief. 2. The cause of continued pain 
of body or mind, as sickness, losses, calamity, adversity, 
persecution. 

AF-FLICT'IVE, a. Giving pain ; causing continued or re- 
peated pain or grief ; painful ; distressing. 

AF-FLICT'IVE-LY, adv. In a manner to give pain. 

AF'J’LU-ENCE, n. [L. affluentia.] 1. Literally, a flowing 
to. [In this sense it is rarely used.] It is sometimes writ- 
ten affluency. — 2. Figuratively, abundance of riches ; 
wealth. Rogers. 

AF'FLU-ENT, a. Flowing to ; more genei'ally, wealthy ; 
abounding in goods or riches ; abundant. 

AF'FLU-ENT-LY, adv. In abundance ; abundantly. 

AF'FLUX, n. [L. affluzum.] The act of flowing to ; a 
flowing to, or that which flows to. 

AF-FLUX'ION, n. The act of flowing to ; that which 
flows to. 

AF'FO-RAGE, 71. [Fr. afforer.] In France, a certain duty 
paid to the lord of a district. 

I AF-FoRCE'MENT, 77. In ohi charters, a fortress ; a forti- 
fication for defense. Cyc. 

AF-FoRD', V. t. [fld, and the root of forth, further ,• G. 
fordern.] 1. To yield or produce as fruit, profit, issues, or 
result. 2. To yield, grant or confer. 3. To be able to 
grant or sell with profit or without loss. 4. To be able 
to expend without injury to one’s estate. 

AF-FoRD'ED, pp. Yielded as fruit, produce or result ; 
sold without loss or with profit. 

AF-FoRD'ING, ppr. Yielding ; producing ; selling without 
loss ; bearing expenses. 

t AF-FoRD'MENT, n. Grant ; donation. Lord. 

AF-FOR'EST, v. t. To convert ground into forest. 

AF-FOR-ES-TA'TION, n. The act of turning ground into 
forest or wood-land. 

AF-FOR'EST-ED, pp. Converted into forest. 

AF-FOR'EST-ING, ppr. Converting into forest. 

AF-FRAN'CHISE, v. t. To make free. 

AF-FRAN'CHTSE-MENT, n. The act of making free, or 
liberating. [Little used.] 

f AF-FRAP', V. t. and i. [Fr. frapper.] To strike. 

f AF-FRaY', V. t. [Fr. effrayer.] To fright ; to terrify. 
Spenser. To be put in doubt. 


* Sec Synopsis. A, E, T, 5, V, Y, Zoti,.t._FaR, FAI.L, WIIAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 


AFR 


19 


AFT 


AF-FRaY', ? n. [Fr. e^ayer.'] 1. In law^ the figlit- 

AF-FRaY'MENT, j ing of two or more persons, in a 
public place to the terror of others. Blackstone. 2. A 
petty fight; tumult ; disturbance. 

AF-FREIGHT', (af-frate') v, t. To hire a ship for the trans- 
portation of goods or freight. 

AF-FREIGHT'ED, pp. Hired for transporting goods. 

AF-FREIGHT^ER, n. The person who hires or charters a 
ship or other vessel to convey goods. Walsh. 

AF-FR£IGHT*MENT, n. The act of hiring a ship for the 
transportation of goods. Amer. Rev. 

f AF-FRET', n. [It. affrettare.] A furious onset, or attack. 

Sj) BUS €7* • 

f AF-FRIOTION, w. The act of rubbing. Boyle. 

f AF-FRIEND'ED, (af-frend'ed) a. Made friends ; recon- 
ciled. Spenser. 

AF-FRiGHT', (af-frite') v. t. [Sax. frihtan.] To impress 
with sudden fear ; to frighten ; to terrify or alarm. 

AF-FRiGHT', (af-frite') n. Sudden or great fear ; terror ; 
also, the cause of terror ; a frightful object. 

AF-FRlGHT'ED, pp. Suddenly alarmed with fear ; ter- 
rified. 

AF-FRlGHT^ED-LY, adv. Under the impression of fear. 

AF-FRIGHT^ER, n. One who frightens. 

AF-FRIGHT'FUL, a. Terrifying; terrible; that may ex- 
cite great fear ; dreadful. 

AF-FRlGHTHNG, ppr. Impressing sudden fear ; terrifying. 

AF-FRiGHT'MENT, n. Affright ; terror ; the state of be- 
ing frightened. [Rarely used. In common discourse, the 
use of this word, in all its forms, is superseded by fright, 
frighted, frightful.] 

AF-FR6NT', v. t. [Fr. affronter.] 1. Literally, to meet or 
encounter face to face, in a good or bad sense. Obs. 2. 
To offer abuse to the face ; to insult, dare or brave open- 
ly ; to offer abuse or insult in any manner, by words or 
actions. 3. To abuse, or give cause of offense to, without 
being present with the person ; to make slightly angry. 

AF-FK6NT', n. Opposition to the face ; open defiance ; 
encounter. Obs. 2. Ill treatment ; abuse ; any thing re- 
proachful or contemptuous, that excites or justifies resent- 
ment. 3. Shame ; disgrace. [JSTot usual.] — A. In popular 
lansua^e, slight resentment ; displeasure. 

AF-FRoNT'ED,pp7*. 1. Opposed, face to face ; dared ; de- 
fied ; abused. 2. In popit/ar offended ; slightly 

angry at ill treatment, by words or actions ; displeased. 

AF-FRoNT-EE', a. In heraldry, front to front ; an epi- 
thet given to animals that face each other. 

AF-FR6NT'ER, n. One that affronts. 

AF-FR6NT'1NG, ppr. Opposing, face to face ; defying ; 
abusing ; offering abuse, or any cause of displeasure. 

AF-FR6NT'ING, a. Contumelious ; abusive. 

AF-FRONT'IVE, a. Giving offense ; tending to offend ; 
abusive. 

AF-FR6NT'IVE-NESS, n. The quality that gives offense. 
[Little used.] 

AF-FuSE', V. t. [L. affiindo, affusum.] To pour upon ; to 
sprinkle, as with a liquid. 

AF-FtjS'ED, (af-fuzd') pp. Sprinkled with a liquid ; sprin- 
kled on ; having a liquid poured upon. 

AF-Fu'SIXG, ppr. Pouring upon, or sprinkling. 

AF-Fu'SION, (af-fu'-zhun) n. The act of pouring upon, or 
sprinkling with a liquid substance, as water upon a dis- 
eased body, or upon a child in baptism. 

t AF-F^', V. t. [Fr. affier.] To betroth ; to bind or join. 

t AF-Fy', V. t. To trust or confide in. 

A-FIeLD', (a-feekV) adv. To the field. Milton. 

A-FIRE', adv. On fire. Oower. 

A-FEAT', adv. Level with the ground. Bacon. 

A-FLoAT', adv. ox a. 1. Borne on the water; floating; 
swimming. 2. Moving ; passing from place to place. 3. 
Unfixed ; moving without guide or control. 

A-FOOT^, adv. 1. On foot ; borne by the feet ; opposed to 
riding. 2. In action ; in a state of being planned for ex- 
ecution ; as, a design is afoot or on foot. 

A-FoRE', adv. or prep. 1. In front. 2. Between one ob- 
ject and another, so as to intercept a direct view or inter- 
course. 3. Prior in time ; before ; anterior. In all these 
senses it is now inelegant, and superseded by before. — 
4. In seamen^s language, toward the head of the ship ; 
further forward, or nearer the stem ; as, afore the wind- 
Irs 

A-FOREfGO-ING, a. Going before. 

A-FoRE'HAND, adv. 1. In time previous ; by previous 
provision. 2. a. Prepared ; previously provided ; as, to 
be aforehand in business. 

A-Fc)RE'MEN-TIONED, a. Mentioned before in the same 
writing or discourse. Addison. 

A-FoRE'NAMED, a. Named before. Peacham. 

A-FoRE'SAID, a. Said or recited before, or in a preceding 
part. 

A-FoRE'TIME, adv. In time past ; in a former time. 
Bible. 

A-FOUh^, adv. or a. Not free ; entangled. Columbiad. 

A-FRAID', a. [the participle of affray.] Impressed with 


fear or apprehension ; fearful. This word expresses a 
less degree of fear than terrified or frightened. 

A-FRESH', adv. Anew ; again ; recently ; after intermis- 
sion. 

AF'RI-CA, n. [qu. L. a neg. and frigus.] One of the four 
quarters or largest divisions of the globe. 

AF'RIC, n. Africa. Shah. 

AF'RI^AN I Africa. 

AF'RI-CAN, n. A native of Africa. This name is given 
also to the African marygold. 

A-FRoNT', adv. In front. Shak. 

APT, a. or adv. [Sax. ceft, eft.] In seamen’s language, a 
word used to denote the stern of a ship ; towards the 
stern. Fore and aft is the whole length of a ship. 

AF'TER, a. [the comparative degree of aft.] 1. In ma- 
rine language, more aft, or towards the stern of the ship ; 
as, the after sails. — 2. In common language, later in time ; 
as, an after period of life. Marshall. In this sense, the 
word is often combined with the following noun, as in 
afternoon. 

AF'TER,prep. 1. Behind in place. 2. Later in time ; as, 
after supper. 3. In pursuit of, that is, moving behind, 
following ; in search of. 4. In imitation of. 5. Accord- 
ing to. 0. According to the direction and influence of. 

AF'TER, adv. Posterior ; later in time ; as, it was about the 
space of three hours after. — After is prefixed to many 
words, forming compounds, but retaining its genuine 
signification. 

aF'TER-AU-€OUNT', n. A subsequent reckoning. 

AF'TER-A€T, n. A subsequent act. 

AF'TER-a-GES, n. Later ages ; succeeding times.— 
age, in the singular, is not improper. Addison. 

AF'TER-ALL' is a phrase, signifying, when all has been 
considered, said or done ; at last ; in the final result. 
Pope. 

aF'TER-BAND, 72. A future band. Milton. 

AF'TER-BiRTH, n. The appendages of the fetus, called 
also secundines. Wiseman. 

AF'TER-€LAP, n. An unexpected, subsequent event. 
Hubbard. 

AF'TER-€6M'ER, n. A successor. 

AF'TER-UoM'FORT, n. Future comfort. Jonson. 

AF'TER-UON'DUUT, n. Subsequent behavior. 

AFTER-€ON-VI€'TION, n. Future conviction. 

AF'TER-€OST, n. Later cost ; expense after the execution 
of the main design. Mortimer. 

AF'TER-UoURSE, n. Future course. Brown. 

AF'TER-€ROP, n. The second crop in the same year 
Mortimer. 

AF'TER-DAYS, n. Future days. Congreve. 

AF'TER-eAT-AGE, 72. Part of the increase of the same 
year. [Local.] Burn. 

a1 'TER-EN-DEAY'OR, n. An endeavor after the first or 
former efibrt. 

t AF'TER-EyE', v. t. To keep one in view. Shak 

AF'TER-GAME, n. A subsequent scheme, or expedient. 
Wotton. 

aF'TER-GUARD, 72. The seaman stationed on the poop of 
the ship, to attend the after-sails. 

AF'TER-HOPE, n. Future hope. Jonson. 

AF'TER-IIOURS, n. Hours that follow. Shak. 

AF'TER-IG'NO-RANCE, 72. Subsequent ignorance. 

AF'TER-INGS, 72 . The last milk that can be drawn from a 
cow ; strokings. Grose. 

AF'TER-KING, n. A succeenino; king. Shuckford. 

AF'TER-LIFE, 72. 1. Future life, or the life after this 

Dryden. 2. A later period of life ; subsequent life. 

AF'TER-LIV'ER, n. One who lives in succeeding times. 
Sidney. 

AF'TER-LoVE, 72. The second or later love. 

AF'TER-MAL'ICE, n. Succeeding malice. Dryden. 

aF'TER-MATII, 72 . A second crop of grass in the same 
season ; rowen. Holland. 

AF'TER-MOST, a. supcrl. In marine language, nearest 
the stern, opposed to foi’emost ; also, hindmost. 

AF'TER-NOON, n. The part of the day which follows 
noon, between noon and evening. 

AF'TER-PaTNS, n. The pains which succeed child-birth. 

AF'TER-PART, 72 . The latter part.— In marine language, 
the part of a ship towards the stern. 

AF'TER-PIeCE, 72. A piece performed after a play ; a farc-e 
or other entertainment. 

AF'TER-PROOF, n. Subsequent proof or evidence ; quali- 
ties known by subsequent experience. 

AF'TER-RE-PENT'ANCE, 72. Subsequent repentance. 

AF'TER-RE-PORT', n. Subsequent report. South. 

AF'TER-SAILS, 72 . The sails on the mizen-mast and sta}-s, 
between the main and mizen-masts. 

AF'TER-STATE, 72. Tlie future state. Glanville. 

AF'TER-STING, n. Subsequent sting. Herbert. 

AF'TER-STORM, 72. A succeeding storm. 

AF'TER-SUP'PER, 72 . The time between supper and going 
to bed. Shak. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BTILL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this f Obsolete 


AGE 

iF'TER-SWARM, n A swarm of bees which leaves the 
hive after the first. 

AF'TER-TASTE, n. A taste which succeeds eating and 
drinking. 

AF'TER-THOUGHT, n. Reflections after an act ; later 
thought, or expedient occurring too late. 

XF''I'ER-T1ME, n. Succeeding time. Dryden. 
AF'TER-TOSSING, 71. The swell or agitation of the sea 
after a storm. Addison, 

AF'TER WARDS | subsequent time. 

AF'TER-WISE, a. Wise afterwards or too late. 
AF'TER-WIT, 71. Subsequent wit ; wisdom that comes too 
late. UEstranffe. 

AF'TER-WRATH, 71. Later wrath j anger after the provo- 
cation has ceased. Shak. 

AF'TER-WRi'TER, n. A succeeding writer. 
a'GA, 71. In the Turkish dominions^ a commander or chief 
officer. 

* A-GAIN', (a-gen') adv. [8 zlx. gean,agen^ agean, ongeart.] 
1. A second time ; once more. 2. It notes something fur- 
ther, or additional to one or more particulars. — Again and 
again, often ; with frequent repetition. 

* A-GAINST', (a-genst') prep. [Sax. togeanes.'] 1. In oppo- 
sition ; noting enmity or disapprobation. 2. In opposition, 
noting contrariety, contradiction, or repugnance. 3. In 
opposition, noting competition, or different sides or par- 
ties. 4. In an opposite direction. 5. Opposite in place ; 
abreast. 6. In opposition, noting adversity, injury, or 
contrariety to wishes. 7. Bearing upon. 8. In provision 
for ; in preparation for. 

■f- AG'A-LAX-Y, 71. Want of milk. 

AG'AL-LOGH, ) n. Aloes-wood, the product of a tree 
A-GAL'LO-€HUM, J growing in China, and some of the 
Indian isles. 

AG-AL-MAT'O-LITE, tj. [Gr. aya'Xpa and A name 

given by Klaproth to two varieties of the lard stone of 
China. 

t AG'A-MIST, 71. One that is unmarried. Coles. 

A-GaPE', ado. or a. Gaping, as with wonder, expecta- 
tion, or eager attention ; having the mouth wide open. 
Milton. 

AG A-PE, 71. [Gr. ayany.'] Among the primitive Christians, 
a love feast, or feast of charity. 

AG A-RIC, n. [Gr. ayapiKov.] In botany, mushroom, a 
genus of funguses, containing numerous species. 
A-GXST', or A-GHAST', a. [qu. a contraction of agaied.'] 
Struck with terror, or astonishment j amazed ; struck si- 
lent with horror. 

t A-GaTE', adv. On the way ; going. 

AG'ATE, n. [Fr. agate.'\ A class of siliceous, semi-pellucid 
gems of many varieties, consisting of quartz-crystal, flint, 
horn-stone, chalcedony, amethyst, jasper, cornelian, heli- 
otrope, and jade. 

AG'ATE, n. An instrument used by gold-wire drawers, so 
called from the agate in the middle of it. 

AG'A-TINE, a. Pertaining to agate. 

AG'A-TINE, 71. A genus of shells, oval or oblong. 
AG'A-TiZED, a. Having the colored lines and figures of 
agate. Fourcroy. 

AG'A-TY, a. Of the nature of agate. Woodward. 

A-GA'VE, n. [Gr. ayavog.'] 1. The American aloe. 2. A 
genus of univalvular shells, 
t A-GaZE', V. t. To strike with amazement, 
t A-GaZ'ED, (a-gazd') pp. Struck with amazement. 

AGE, n. [Fr. age.] 1. The whole duration of a being, 
whether animal, vegetable, or other kind. 2. That part 
of the duration of a being, which is between its beginning 
and any given time. 3". The latter part of life, or long 
continued duration ; oldness. 4. A certain period of hu- 
man life, marked by a difference of state. 5. The period 
when a person is enabled by law to do certain acts for 
himself, or when he ceases to be controlled by parents 
or guardians ; as, in our country, both males and females 
are of age at twenty-one years old. 6. Mature years ; 
ripeness of strength or discretion. 7. The time of life for 
conceiving children. 8. A particular period of time, as 
distinguished from others ; as, the golden age. 9. The 
people who live at a particular period ; hence, a genera- 
tion and a succession of generations ; as, ages yet unborn. 
10. A century ; the period of one hundred years. 
a'GED, a. 1. Old ; having lived long ; having lived almost 
the usual time allotted to that species of being ; applied 
to animals or plants. 2. Having a certain age ; having 
lived •, as, a man aged forty years. 
a'GED, 71. Old persons. 

a^GED-LY, adv. After the manner of an aged person, 
t A-GEN', for again. ^ 

A'GEN-CY, tj. [L. agens.] I. The quality of moving or of 
exerting power ; the state of being in action ; action ; op- 
eration ; instrumentality ; as, the agcTicy of Providence in 
the natural world. 2, The office of an agent, or factor ; busi- 
ness of an agent intrusted with the concerns of another. 


20 AGG 

AG'END, A-6END'UM, 71. Matter relating to the service of 
the church. 

A-GEND'A, 71. [L. things to he done.] A memorandum- 
book ; the service or office of a church ; a ritual or lit- 
urgy. 

a'GENT, a. Acting ; opposed to patient ; as, the body 
agent. \^Little ISacon. 

a'GENT, n. 1. An actor ; one that exerts power, or has the 
power to act. 2. An active power or cause j that which 
has the power to produce an eli’ect. 3. A substitute, dep- 
uty, or factor j one entrusted with the business of another ; 
an attorney ; a minister. 

f A GENT-SHiP, n. The office of an agent. We now use 
agency. 

t AG-GEL-a'TION, 71. [L. gelu.] Concretion of a fluid. 
Brown. 

t AG-GEN-ER-a'TION, 71. [L. ad and generatio.] The 
state of growing to another. Broicn. 

•fAG'GER, H. [L.] A fortress, or mound. Hearne, 
t AG'GER-ATE, v. t. [L. aggero.] To heap. 
AG-GER-a'TION, 71. A heaping j accumulation. Ray, 
t AG-GER-oSE', a. Full of heaps. 

AG-GLOM'ER-ATE, V. t. [L. agglomero.] To wind, or 
collect into a ball ; to gather into a mass. 
AG-GLOM'ER-ATE, V. i. To gather, grow, or collect into 
a ball or mass. Thomson. 

AG-GLOM'ER-A-TED, pp. Wound or collected into a ball. 
AG-GLOM'ER-A-TING, ppr. Winding into a ball ; gather- 
ing into a lump. 

AG-GLOM-ER-a'TION, 71. The act of winding into a ball ; 

the state of being gathered into a ball or mass. 
AG-GLu'TI-NANT, n. Any viscous substance which unites 
other substances by causing an adhesion ; any application 
which tends to unite parts which have too little adhesion. 
Coze. 

AG-GLii'TI-NANT, a. Uniting as glue ; tending to cause 
adhesion. 

AG-GLu'TI-NATE, u. t. [1j. agghitino.] To unite, or cause 
to adhere, as with glue ; to unite by causing an adhesion 
of substances. 

AG-GLu'TI-NA-TED. pp. Glued together. 
AG-GLC'TI-NA-TING, ppr. Gluing together; uniting by 
causing adhesion. 

AG-GLU-TI-Na'TION, 71. The act of uniting by glue or 
other tenacious substance ; tlie state of being thus united. 
AG-GLU'TI-NA-TIVE, a. That tends to unite, or has pow- 
er to cause adhesion, 
t AG-GRaCE', v. t. To favor. Spenser. 
t AG -GRACE', 71. Kindness ; favor. Spenser. 
AG-GRAN-DI-ZA'TION, n. The act of aggrandizing. 
AG'GRAN-DiZE, v. t. [Fr. agrandir.] 1. To make great 
or greater in power, rank, or honor ; to exalt. 2. To en- 
large, applied to things. 

AG'GRAN-DIZED, pp. Made great or greater ; exalted ; 
enlarged. 

* AG-GRAN'DiZE-MENT, n. The act of aggrandizing ; 
the state of being exalted in power, rank, or honor ; ex- 
altation ; enlargement. 

AG'GRAN-DI-ZER, n. One that aggrandizes or exalts in 
powder, rank, or honor. 

AG'GRAN-Dl-ZING, ppr. Making great ; exalting ; en- 
larging. 

t AG-GRATE', v. t. [It.] To please. Spenser. 
t AG'GRA-VA-BLE, a. Making a thing worse. 
AG'GRA-VATE, v. t. [L. aggravo.] 1. To make heavy, 
b 2 it not used hi this literal sense. Figuratively, to make 
worse, more severe, or less tolerable. 2. To make more 
enormous, or less excusable. 3. To exaggerate. 4. To 
give coloring in description ; to give an exaggerated rep- 
resentation. 

AG'GRA VA-TED, pp. Increased in severity or enormity ; 
made wmrse ; exaggerated. 

AG'GRA-VA-TING, ppr. Increasing in severity, enormity, 
or degree ; as evils, misfortunes, pain, punishment, 
crimes, guilt, &c. ; exaggerating. 

AG-GRA-VA'TION, n. 1. The act of making wmrse, used 
of evils, natural or moral ; the act of increasing severity 
or heinousness ; addition to that which is evil or improper. 
2. Exaggerated representation, or heightened description 
of any thing wrong, improper, or unnatural. Addison. 
AG'GRE-G ATE, v. t. [L. aggrego.] To bring together ; to 
collect particulars into a sum, mass, or body. 

AG'GRE-G ATE, a. Formed by a collection of particulars in- 
to a whole mass or sum. 

AG'GRE-G ATE, n. A sum, mass, or assemblage of particu- 
lars. 

AG'GRE-GA-TED, pp. Collected into a sum, mass, or sys- 
tem. 

AG'GRE-G ATE-LY, adv. Collectively. 

AG'GRE-G A-TING, ppr. Collecting into a sum or mass. 
AG-GRE-GA'TION, n. 1. The act of aggregating ; the state 
of being collected into a sum or mass ; a collection of par- 
ticulars ; an aggregate. — 2. In chemistry, the affinity of 
aggregation is the power which causes homogeneous 


* See Synopsis. E, I, O, 0, Y, Zwa,— FAR, FALL, WHAT PRgY PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete 


AGN 


bodies to tend towards each otlser, and to cohere, when 
united. 3. TJie union and coherence of bodies of the 
same nature. 

AG'GRE-GA-TIVE, a. Taken together; collective. 
AG'GllE-GA-TOU, n. He that collects into a whole or mass. 
Burton. 


AG-GRESS', V. i. [L. aggredior^ aggrcssus.'^ To make a 
first attack ; to commit the first act of hostility or offense ; 
to begin a quarrel or controversy ; to assault first, or in- 
vade. 

t AG GRESS', n. Aggression. Hale. 

AG-GRESS'ING, ppr. Commencing hostility first j making 
the first attack., 

AG-GRESS'lON, n. The first attack, or act of hostility ; the 
first act of injury, or first act leading to war or contro- 


AG-GROUR', 
AG -G ROOF', 


versy. 

AG-GRESS'IVE, a. Tending to aggress ; making the first 
attack. Clarkson. 

AG-GRESS'OR, n. The person who first attacks ; he who 
first commences hostility or a quarrel ; an assaulter ; an 
invader. 

AG-GRIk'VANCE, 71. Oppression; hardship; injury. 

AG-GRIeVE', V. t. 1. To give pain or sorrow; to afflict. 
In this sense it is nearly superseded by grieve. 2. To bear 
liard iipoir ; to oppress or injure ; to vex or harass. 

f AG-GR£eVE', V. i. To mourn ; to lament. 

AG-GRIEV'ED, (ag-greevd') pp. Fained ; afflicted ; civilly 
or poliUcally oppressed. 

AG-GRIeV'ING, ppr. Afflicting ; imposing hardships on ; 
oppressing. 

v.t. [Sp. agrupar.'\ To bring together ; to 
group ; to collect many persons into u 
crowd, or many figures into a whole. 

AG-GRoUP'ED, ) <^'oHected into a group 

AG-GROOP'ED, i Cag-grooPW j or assemblage. 

A-GHAST', or, more correctly, A cast, a. or adv. Struck 
with amazement ; stupified with sudden fright or horror. 

AG'lLE, a. [Fr. agile.] Nimble ; having the faculty of 
quick motion in the limbs ; apt or ready to move ; brisk ; 

3.cti • 

AG'iLE-NESS, n. Niinbleness ; activity ; the faculty of 
moving the limbs quickly ; agility. 

A-GlL'I-TY, n. [L. agilitas.] The pow 
limbs quickly ; nimbleness ; briskness 
ness of motion. 

f A-GlL'LO-C(JM, n. Aloes-wood. Quincy. 

a'GI-0, 7i. [Ital. aggio.] 1. In commer 
tween bank notes and current coin, 
given above the nominal value. 

A-GtST', V. t. In Za?r>, to take the cattle of others to graze , 
to feed or pasture the cattle of others. 

A-GlST'MENT, n. The taking and feeding of other men’s 
cattle in the king’s forest, or on one’s own land ; also, the 
price paid for such feeding. 

A-GtST'OR, or A6-IS-TA'TOR, n. An officer of the king’s 
forest, who has the care of cattle agisted, and collects tlie 
money for the same. 

AG'I-TA-BLE, a. That may be agitated, shaken, or dis- 


power of moving the 


activity ; quick- 


co7nmerce, the difference be- 
2. Premium ; sum 


cussed. 

AG'f-TATE, V. t. [L. agito.] 1. To stir violently ; to put in 
motion ; to shake or move briskly. 2. To move or force 
into violent, irregular action. 3. To disturb, or excite in- 
to tumult. 4. To discuss ; to debate ; to controvert. 5. 
To consider on all sides ; to revolve in the mind, or view 
in all its aspects ; to contrive by mental deliberation. 

AG'f-TA-TED, pp. Tossed from side to side ; shaken ; mov- 
ed violently and irregularly ; disturbed ; discussed ; con- 
sidered. 


AG'I-TA-TTNG, ppr. Shaking ; moving with violence ; dis- 
turbing ; disputing ; contriving. 

AG-I-Ta'TIOY, n. 1. The act of sdiaking ; the state of be- 
ing moved with violence, or with irregular action ; com- 
motion. 2. Disturbance of tranquility in the mind ; per- 
tTirbation ; excitement of passion. 3. Discussion ; exam- 
ination of a siibject in controversy. 4. A state of being 
deliberated upon, with a view to contrivance, or plan to 
he adopted. 

AC-l-TA'TO, in viusic, denotes a broken style of perform- 
ance, adapted to atvaken surprise or perturbation. 

AGM-TA-TOR, n. One wdio agitates ; also, an insurgent ; 
one who excites sedition or revolt. In CrottiiccIPs time^ 
certain officers, aiipointed by the army to manage their 
concerns, were called agitatoi-s. 

AG'LET, or AIG'LET, n. [Fr. aiguillette.'] 1. A tag of a 
point curved into the representation of an animal, gener- 
ally of a man ; a small plate of metal. — 2. In botany^ a 
pendant at the ends of the chives of flowers, as in the 
rose and tulip. 

.\G'LET-BA-BY, n. A small image on the top of a lace. 
8h(ik. 


AG'MI-NAL, a. [L. agmen.] Pertaining to an army or 
troop. [Little used.'] 

AG'NAIL, n. A disease of the nail ; a whitlow ; an inflam- 
mation round the nail. 


27 AGR 

AG^NATE, a. fL. agnatus.] Related or akin by the father’^ 
side. 

AG 'NATE, 71. Any male relation by the father’s side 
Encyc. 

AG-NAT'I€, a. Pertaining to descent by the male line of 
ancestors. Blackstone. 

AG-Na'TION, n. Relation by the father’s side only, or de- 
scent in the male line, distinct from cognation^ which in- 
cludes descent in the male and female fines. 

AG'NEL, 71. [from aff7?-w5.] An ancient French coin, value 
twelve sols, six dehiers. 

AG-NF'TION, 71. [L. agnitio.] Acknowledgment. [LittU 
7A5e</.| Pearson. 

t AG-NiZE', V. t. To acknowledge. Shak. 
AG-NOM'I-NATE, V t. [L. agnomino.] To name. [Little 
used * J 

AG-NOM-[-Na'TION, n. [L. agnomen.] 1. An additional 
name, or title ; a name added to another, as expressive of 
some act, achievement, &c. ; a surname. 2. Allusion of 
one word to another by sound. 

AG'NUS GAS'TUS. A species of vitez, so called from its 
imagined virtue of preserving chastity. 

AG'NUS De'I. [Lathb of Ood.] In the Romish churchy a 
cake of wax stamped with the figure of a lamb, sui»port- 
ing the banner of the cross. 

AG'xVUS SCYTH'I-€US. [Scythian Za777&.] A name appli- 
ed to the roots of a species of fern. 

A-Go', adv. or a. [Sax. agan.] Past ; gone ; as, a year ago 
A-GOG', adv. [Fr. agogo.] In a state of desire ; higJily ex- 
cited by eagerness after an object. 

A-Go'ING, In motion ; as, to set a mill agoing. 
t a'GON, 71. [Gr.] The contest for llie prfze. 

A-GONFJ, jip. Ago ; past ; since. [J^^'early 0J5.] 
AG'O-NISM, n. [Gr. ayojvicpog.] Contention for a prize. 
AG'O-NIST, 77. One who contends for the prize in public 
games. Milton has used Agonistes in this sense. 
AG-O-NIST'IC, ) a. Pertaining to prize-fighting, con- 
AG-O-NIST'I-CAL, I tests of strength, or athletic combats. 
FAifeld. 

AG-6-NIST'I-CAL-LY, adv. In an agonistic manner ; like 
prize-fighting. 

AG'O-NIZE, V. i. [Gr. aytovi^o).] To writhe with extreme 
pain ;_to suffer violent anguish. Pope. 

AG'O-NIZE, V. t. To distress with extreme pain ; to tor- 
ture. Pope. 

AG'O-Ni-ZING, ppr. Suffering severe pain ; writhing with 
torture. 

AG'O Ni-ZING^Y, adv. With extreme anguish, 
t AG-O-NO-TIIeTE', 71. A judge of masteries in activity, 
t AG-O-NO-THET'IC, a. Presiding at public games. 
AG'O-NY, n. [Gr. ayoju.] 1. In strictness, pain so extreme 
as to cause writhing or contortions of the body, similar to 
those made in the athletic contests in Greece. Hence, 
2. Extreme pain of body or mind ; anguish ; appropri^ 
ately, the pangs of death, and the sufferings of our Savior 
in the garden of Gethsemane. Luke xxii. 3. Violent con- 
test or striving. More. 
t A-GOOD', ady. In earnest. Shak. 

A-Gotl'TY, n. [qu. Sp. agudo.] A quadruped of the order 
rodentia, of the size of a rabbit, 
t A-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. An illiterate man. 

A-GRa'RI-AN, a. [L. agrarins.] Relating to lands. Ap- 
propriately., denoting or pertaining to an equal division of 
lands ; as, the agrarian laws of llome, which distributed 
tlie conquered and other public lands equally among all 
the citizens. 

A-GREE', i. [Fr. agreer.] 1. To be of one mind ; to har- 
monize in opinion. 2. To live in concord, or wutliout 
contention. 3. To yield assent ; to approve or admit ; fol- 
lowed by to. 4. To settle by stipulation, the minds of 
parties being agreed as to the terms. 5. To come to a 
compromise of differences ; to be reconciled. C. To come 
to one opinion or mind ; to concur ; as, to agree on a place 
of meeting. 7. To be consistent ; to harmonize ; not to 
contradict, or be repugnant. 8. To resemble ; to be sim- 
ilar. 9. To suit ; to be accommodated or adapted to. 
A-GREE', V. t. To admit, or come to one mind concerning ; 
as, to agree the fact. Also, to reconcile or make friends ; 
to put an end to variance ; but these senses are unusual, 
ami hardly legitimate. 

t A-GREE-A-BIL'I-TY, 7?. Easiness of disposition. Chaucer, 
A-GREE' A-BLE, a. 1. Suitable; conformable; correspond- 
ent ; consistent with. 2. In pursuance of ; in conformity 
with. 3. Pleasing, either to the mind or senses ; as, agree- 
able manners. 

A-GREE'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Suitableness; conformity; 
consistency. 2. The quality of pleasing ; that quality 
wliich gives satisfaction or moderate pleasure to the mind 
or senses. 3. Resemblance ; likeness. Obs. 

A-GREE' A-BLY, adv. 1. Pleasingly ; in an agreeable man- 
ner ; in a manner to give pleasure. 2. Suitably ; consist- 
ently ; conformably. 3. Alike ; in the same manner. Obs. 
A-GREED', pp. 1. Ueing in concord or harmony of opinion i 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6 VE BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


AllU 


22 AIR 


of one mind. 2. Assented to ; admitted. 3. Settled by 
consent ; implying bargain or contract. 

A-GREE'lNG,ppr. Giving in concord j concurring ; assent- 
ing ; settlinu by consent. 

A-GllEE'lNG-LY, adv. In conformity to. {Little msccZ.J 
f A-GllEE'ING-NESS, n. Consistency ; suitableness. 
A-GREE'MENT, n. 1. Concord j harmony 5 conformity. 

Union of opinions or sentiments. 3. Resemblance ; con- 
formity ; similitude. 4. Union of minds in regard to a 
transfer of interest ; bargain ; compact j contract ; stipu- 
lation. 

t A-GRES'TTAL, ) a. [L. agrestis.] Rural •, rustic ; per- 
A-GRES'TI€, > taining to fields or the country, in 
A-GRES'Tl-CAL, ) opposition to the city ; unpolished. 

AG RI-CUL-TOR, n. One whose occupation is to till the 
ground j a farmer 5 a husbandman. 
AG-R[-€UL'TU-RAL, a. Pertaining to husbandry, tillage, 
or the culture of the earth. 

AG^RI-€UL-TURE, n. [L. ager, and cxilturaA The culti- 
vation of the ground, for the purpose of producing vege- 
tables and fruits, for the use of man and beast ; the art of 
preparing the soil, sowing and planting seeds, dressing the 
plants, and removing the crops. 

AG-RI-CUL'TU-RISM, n. The art or science of agriculture. 
[Little used.] 

AG-Rl-CUL'TU-RIST, n. One skilled in agriculture ; a 
skilful husbandman. 

AG'RI-MO-NY, 71. [L. arg67nonia.\ A genus of plants, of 
several species. 

AG-RIP-PIN'I-ANS, n. In chxirch Jiistorij, the followers of 
Agrippiiius, bishop of Carthage. Encxjc. 
t A-GRISE', V. i. [Sax. agrisa7i.] To shiver, 
t A-GRi^E', V. t. To terrify ; also, to make frightfnl- 
a'GROM, n. A disease frequent in Bengal. 
AG-RO-STEM'MA, 71 . A genus of plants. 

A-GROS'TIS. 71 . [Gr. aypcDarig.] Bent grass. 

A-GROUND'' adv. 1. On the ground ; a mai'ine term, signi- 
fying that the bottom of a ship rests on the ground, for 
want of sufficient depth of water. 2. Figurativchj, stop- 
ped j impeded by insuperable obstacles. 
A-GUA-PE-CA'CA, w. The jacana, a Brazilian bird. 
A'GUE, (a'gu) 71 [Sax. cegc, oga, or hoga.] 1. The cold fit 
which precedes a fever, or a paroxysm of fever in intermit- 
tents. It is accompanied with shivering. 2. Chilliness *, a 
chill, or state of shaking with cold, though in health. 3. It 
is used for a periodical fever, an intermittent, whether 
quotidian, tertian, or quartan. 

A'GUE, V. t. To cause a shivering in ; to strike with a cold 
fit. Haywood. 

A'GUE-CAKE, ti. A hard tumor on the left side of the bel- 
ly, lower than the false ribs. 

A'GU-ED, a. Chilly *, having a fit of ague ; shivering with 
cold or fear. Shak. 

A'GUE-FIT, 71. A paroxysm of cold, or shivering-, chilli- 
ness. 

A'GUE-PROOF, a. Able to resist agues ; proof against 
agues. 

t A-GUER'RY, V. t. [Fr. agueTrir.] To inure to the Iiard- 
ships of war ; to instruct in the art of war. 
A'GUE^PELL, 71. A charm or spell to cure or prevent ague. 
Gay. 

A'GUE-STRUCK, a. Struck with ague. Hewyt. 
A'GUE-TREE, 71 . A name sometimes applied to sassa- 
fras. _ 

t A-GUlSE'. V. t. To dress -, to adorn. SpcTiser. 
t A-GUISE', 71 . Dress. More. 

A'GU-ISH, a. Chilly -, somewhat cold or shivering ; having 
the qualities of an ague. 

A'GU-ISH-NESS, n. Chilliness ; the quality of being aguish. 
A-GUIL-LA-NEuF', 71 . A form of rejoicing among the 
_ ancient Franks, on the first day of the year. 
a'GUL, 71 . A species of the hedysarum. 

AH. An exclamation, expressiveof surprise, pity, complaint, 
contempt, dislike, joy, exultation, &c., according to the 
manner of utterance. 

X-HA'. 1. An exclamation expressing triumph, contempt, or 
simple surprise ; but the senses are distinguished by very 
different modes of utterance, and different modifications 
of features. 2. 71 . A sunk fence, not visible, without near 
approach. MasoTi. 

A-HAN'1-GER, 71 . A name of the gar-fish. 

A-IIEAD', (a-hed') adv. 1. Further forward than anotlier 
thing -, in front -, originally a sea term, denoting fiirther 
forward than another ship. 2. Onward ; forward ; to- 
wards the point before the stem or head -, as, move ahead. 
3. Headlong j precipitantly. L^Estrange. 
t A-HElGHT', (a-hite') adv. Aloft ; on high. 
A-HIC-CY-AT'Ll, 71. A poisonous serpent of Mexico, 
t A-HiGH , adv. On high, 
t A-HOLD , adv. Near the wind. Shak. 

AHOVAI, n . A poisonous species of plum. 

A-HOY', excl. A sea term used in hailing. 

AHRIMAN. See Ariman. 

A-HUIT'LA, 71 . A worm found in the li<ke of Mexico. 


A-HUIT'ZOTE, n. An amphibious quadruped of the trop- 
ical climate of America, 
t A-HUNG'RY, a. Hungry. Shak. 

A'lA, 71. A Brazilian fowl of the spoon-bill kind, and re- 
sembling that bird in form and size. 

AI-€U'RUS, 71. A large and beautiful species of parrot. 

AID, V. t. [Fr. aider.] To help j to assist -, to support. 

AID, 71. 1. Help J succor -, support -, assistance. 2. The per- 
son who aids or yields support a helper 5 an auxiliary. 

3. In ETiglish law, a subsidy or tax granted by parliament. 

4. An aiu-de-camp, so called by abbreviation. 
aID'ANCE, 71. Aid -, help j assistance. [Little xised.] Shak. 
t AID' ANT, a. Helping ; helpful j supplying aid. 
*aID'DE-€AMP, 71. In xnilitary affairs, an officer whose 

duty is to receive and communicate the orders of a gen- 
eral officer. [It is desirable that this word should be natu 
ralized, and no longer pronounced aid-dc-cong .] 

AID'ED, pp. Assisted -, supported ; furnished with succor. 
AID'ER, 71. One who helps ; an assistant, or auxiliary. 
aID'ING, ppr. Helping j assisting. 

AID'LESE, a. Helpless 5 without aid ; unsupported ; unde 
fended. Shak. 

t aI'GRE, a. Sour. Cravexi dialect. 

aI'GRET, ) 71 . 1. In zoology, a name of the small white 
aI'GRETTE, j heron. — 2. In botaTiy. See Egret. 
AI'GU-LET, 71. A point or tag, as at the ends of fringes 
See Aiglet-. 

aIK'RAW, 71 . A name of a species of lichen, or moss. 

AIL, V. t. [Sax. egliaTi.] To trouble \ to affect with unea- 
siness, either of body or mind. 

AIL, 71 . Indisposition, or morbid affection. 

AIL'ING, j)pr. Diseased *, indisposed ; full of complaints. 
aIL'MENT, 71. Disease •, indisposition j morbid affection of 
the body. 

AIM, v. i. [qu. Ir. oigham,.] To point at with a missive 
weapon j to direct the intention or purpose 5 to attempt 
to reach, or accomplish j to tend towards ; to endeavor ; 
followed by at. 

AIM, V. t. To direct or point as a weapon ; to direct to a 
particular object ; as, to am a musket. 

AIM, 71 . 1. The pointing or direction of a missile weapon 5 
the direction of any thing to a particular point or object, 
with a view to strike or affect it. 2. The point intended 
to be hit, or object intended to be affected. 3. A purpose ; 
intention ; design j scheme. 4. Conjecture ; guess. [JVbt 
7Lsed.] Spenser. 

AIMED, pp. Pointed 5 directed j intended to strike or af- 
fect. 

AIM'ER, 71. One that aims. 

AIM'ING, ppr. Pointing a weapon at an object ; directing 
any thing to an object -, intending ; purposing. 
aIM'LESS, a. Without aim. May. 

AIR, 77 . [Fr. air ; L. acr ; Gr. a»?p.] I. The fluid 'which w^e 
breathe. Air is inodorous, invisible, insipid, colorless, 
elastic, possessed of gravity, easily moved, rarefied and 
condensed. At 7 nospheric air is a compound fluid, consist- 
ing of oxygen gas, and nitrogen or azote. The body of 
air surrounding the earth is called the atmosphere. 2. Air 
in motion ; a light breeze. 3. Vent j utterance abroad -, 
publication -, publicity. 4. A tune ; a short song or piece 
of music adapted to words ; also, the peculiar modulation 
of the notes, which gives music its character ; as, a soft 
air. A song or piece of poetry for singing j the leading 
part of a tune. 5. The peculiar look, appearance, manner 
or mien of a person. It is applied to manners or gestures, 
as well as to features. 6. Airs, in the plural, is used to de- 
note an affected manner, show of pride, haughtiness ; as, 
he puts on airs. — 7. In painting, tliat which expresses the 
life of action 5 manner -, gesture ; attitude. 8. Any thing 
light or uncertain ; that is light as air. 9. Advice j intel- 
ligence ; information. [Ofcs.] Bacon. 

AIR, V. t. 1. To expose to the air ; to give access to the 
open air j to ventilate ; as, to air a room. 2. To expose 
to heat ; to warm. 3. To dry by a fire j to expel damp- 
ness. 

AIR'A, 71. Hair grass, a genus of plants. 

AIR'-BAL-LOON. See Balloon. 

AIR'-BLAD-DER, 71. A vesicle or cuticle filled with air ; 

also, the bladder of a fish. 

AIR'-BORN, a. Born of the air. Congreve. 
AIR'-BRA-VING, a. Braving the winds. Shak. 
AIR'-BUILT, a. Erected in the air ; having no solid foun- 
dation ; chimerical. 

ATR'-DRAWN, a. Drawn in air ; imaginary. Shak. 
AIRED, pp. Exposed to air -, cleansed by air ; heated or 
dried by exposure to a fire -, ventilated. 

ATR'ER, 71. One who exposes to the air. 

AIR'-GUN, n. A pneumatic engine, resembling a musket. 

to discharge bullets by means of air. 

AIR'HOLD-ER, n. An instrument for holding air. 
AIR'-HOLE, 71. An opening to admit or discharge air. 
AIR'I-NESS, 71. 1. Exposure to a free current of air -, open- 
ness to the air. 2. Gayety ; levity. 

AIR'ING, ppr. Exposing to the air ; warming ; drying. 


* See Sxjnopsis. a, E, I, o, V, Y, long — FAR, FALL, WHAT j— PREY PIN, MARINE, BiRD f Obsilete. 


ALA 


23 


ALC 


AIR'ING, n. An exposure to the air, or to a fire, for warm- 
ing or drying ; also, a walk or ride in the open air ; a 
short excursion. 

AIll'-JACK-ET, 71. A leather jacket, to which are fastened 
bags or bladders filled with air. 

AIR'LESS, a. Not open to a free current of air ; wanting 
fresh air, or communication with open air. 

AIR'LING, n. A thoughtless, gay person. JoTison. 

AIR^-PIPE, n. A pipe used to draw foul air from a ship’s 
hold. 

AIR'-POISE, 71. An instrument to measure the weight of 
the air. ^ 

AIR'-PUMP, n. A machine for exhausting the air of a ves- 
sel. 

AIR'-SA€S, 71. Air-bags in birds. 

AIR'-SHAFT, 71. A passage for air into a mine. 

AIil '-STIR-RING, a. Putting the air in motion. 

AIR'-THREAD, 71 . A name given to the spider’s webs, 
which are often seen floating in the air. 

AIR'-THREAT-EN-ING, a. Threatening the air *, lofty. 

AIR'-VES-SEL, 71. A spiral duct in plants, containing air. 

AIR'Y, a. 1. Consisting of air. 2. Relating or belonging 
to air ; high in air. 13. Open to a free current of air. 4. 
Light as air j resembling air ; thin; unsubstantial; witli- 
out solidity. 5 Witliout reality ; having no solid foun- 
dation ; vain ; trifling. G. Gay ; sprightly ; full of viva- 
city and ^evity ; light of heart ; lively. 

AIR'Y, or a'ER-Y, 71. [See Aery.] Among spor£s77ie77, the 
nest of the hawk or eagle. 

AIR'Y-FLYTNG, a. Flying like air. Thomson. 

AIR'Y-LIGHT, a. Light Jis air. 

AISH, 71. Stubble. Grose. 

AISLE, or AILE, (He) 71 . [Fr. aile.] The wing of a quire ; 
a w'alk in a church. 

AIT, or EYGIIT, (ate) 71 . A small island in a river. 

Al-ZOON', 71. [Sax. aizon.] A genus of plants 

A-JAR', adv. Half-opened. 

A-JA4VA, 71. The seed of a plant brought from Malabar. 

A-Ju'GA,? 7. Bugle, a genus of plants. E7icijc. 

A-J0T1U-€A-TIN'GA, 71 . A species of American parrot. 

A-Jf)'RU-€U-RAU, n. An American parrot. 

A-JuftlU-PA-RA, n. A small parrot of America. 

AJ'U-TAGE, or AD'JU-TAGE, n. [Fr.] A tube fitted to 
the mouth of a vessel. 

AKE, 7;. i., less properly written ache. [Sax. ace.] 1. To 
be in pain ; usuall7j, in pain of some continuance. tShak. 
2. To feel distress of mind ; to be grieved. 

AKE, 71. Continued pain, less severe than is expressed by 
pang, agony, and torment ; as, the tooth-afcc. 

A'KER, 71. [Gr. aypog ; L. ager ; Sax. accr. The most 
correct orthography is aker.] Originallij, an open field. 
But in Great Britain and the U7iitcd States, the quantity 
of land in the aker is fixed at 4840 square yards, making 
IGO square rods, perches, or poles. See Acre. 

A-KIN', a. 1. Related by blood, used of persons. 2. Al- 
lied by nature ; partaking of the same properties ; as, 
envy and jealousy are near akin. 

a'KING, ppr. Having continued pain ; suflTering distress of 
mind, or grief. 

a'KING, n. Continued pain, or distresS'of mind. 

AL, in .Arabic, an adjective, or inseparable prefix, answer- 
ing to the Italian il, and Spanish el, and la. Its use is to 
render nouns definite, like the English the ; as, alkora7i, 
the koran, or the book, by eminence ; alcove, alchirmj, 
aleinbic, aima7iac, &c. 

AL, in English, is sometimes a contraction of the Saxon 
(Ethel, noble, or illustrious- More generally, al, in com- 
position, is a contraction of aid, or alt, old, and it is pre- 
fixed to many names, diS Alburg. Sax. eald g Germ, alt, 
old. 

A L, in the composition of Latin words, is written before I 
for ad, for the ease of pronunciation ; as, in allcvo, al- 
lude, for ad levo, ad ludo. 

AL'A-BAS-TER, ?». [L. from Gr. aXaiSaorpov.] A sub- 
variety of carbonate of lime, found in large masses, form- 
ed by the deposition of calcareous particles in caverns of 
limestone rocks. Among the ancients, alabaster was also 
the )iame of a vessel, in which odoriferous liquors were 
kept ; so called from the stone of which it was made. 

AL'A-BAS-TER, a. Made of alabaster. 

A-LACK', cxclam. An exclamation expressive of sorrow. 

A-LACK'A-DAY. An exclamation uttered to express regret 
or sorrow. 

[ A-LA€'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Cheerfully. 

[ A-LA€'RI-OUS-NESS, n. Briskness. 

A-LAC'RI-TY, 71. [L. alacritas.'] Cheerfulness ; ga 5 ^ety ; 
sprightliness ; a cheerful readiness or promptitude to do 
some act. 

A-LADT-NISTS, 71 , Free thinkers among the Mohamme- 
dans. 

AL'A-LITE, 77. A crystalized mineral; diopsidcj a semi- 
transparent pyroxene. 

A-LA-MiRE', 71. The lowest note but one, in Guido Are- 
tine’s scale of music. Johnso7i. 


AIj-A-MO-DAL'I-TY, 71. Conformity to the prevailing 
mode, or fashion of the times. Encyc. [Little 7 tscd.] 

AL-A-MoDE', adv. [Fr. a la 7 nodc.] According to the 
fashion^ or prevailing mode. Whitlock. 

AL-A-MoDE', 71. A thin, glossy silk for hoods, scarfs, &c.c. 

A-LAND', adv. At, or on land. Sidney. 

A-LAN'TExM, 

A-LAN'TUM, ) ^ distance. Grose. Craven dialect 

A-LaRM', 71. [Fr. alarme, alarmer.'\ 1. Any sound, out- 
cry, or information, intended to give notice of approach 
ing danger. 2. A summon to arms. 3. Sudden surprise 
with fear or terror. 4. Terror ; a sensation excited by an 
apprehension of danger.— 5. In fc7icmg, an appeal 01 
challenge. 

A-LARM', v.t. 1. To give notice of danger ; to rouse to 
vigilance. 2. To call to arms for defense. 3. To sur- 
prise with apprehension of danger ; to disturb with terror. 

A-LARM'-BELL, 71. A bell that gives notice of danger. 

A-LARMED, (a-larmd') pp. Notified of sudden danger; 
surprised with fear ; roused to vigilance or activity by 
apprehension of approaching danger. 

A-LARM'ING, ppr. Giving notice of approaching danger ; 
rousing to vigilance. 

A-LARM'IJNG, a. Exciting apprehension ; terrifying ; 
awakening a sense of danger. 

A-LARM'ING-LY, adv. With alarm ; in a manner to excite 
apprehension. 

A-LARM'IST, 71. One that excites alarm. 

A-LARM'-POST, 71. A place to which troops are to repair 
in case of an alarm. 

A-LARM'- WATCH, 71. A watch that strikes the hour by 
regulated movement. Hei-bert. 

A-LAR'UM, for alarm, is a corruption. 

A-Lx\S', ezcL [Dutch, AcZaas ; Fx.hclas.'\ An exclamation 
expressive of sorrow, grief, pity, concern, or apprehension 
of evil ; sometimes followed by day or Tvhile ; alas th» 
day, like alack a day ; or alas the while, [Oii’.] Spenser. 
expressing an unhappy time. 

t A-LaTE', adv. Lately 

A-La'TED, a. [L. alatus. ] Winged ; having dilatations 
like wings. Botany. 

AL'A-TERN, 71. A name of a species of buckthorn. 

ALB, 71. [L. aZ£>?75.] A surplice or vestment of white linen, 
reaching to the feet. A Turkish coin. 

AL'BA-TROS, n. An aquatic fowl. 

AL-BE', 1 [Jllbcit is supposed to be a compound of aZZ, 

AL-BeTT. ) be, and it, and is equivalent to admit, or 
gra7it it all.] Be it so ; admit all that ; although ; not- 
withstanding. [JVbio a7itiquated.'\ 

AL'BE-LEN, n. A fish of the trout kind. 

AL-BES'CENT, tt. [L. albesco.] Becoming white, or rather 
whitish ; moderately white. 

AL'BI-CORE, n [Port, albacor.] A marine fish, like a 
tunny. 


t AL-BI-FI-Ca'TION, 71. Making white. Chaucer. 

AL-BI-GEN'SES, AL-BE-GEOIS', n. A party of Reform- 
ers, who separated from the church of Rome, in the 12th 
century ; so called from the Albegeois, a small territory 
in France, where they resided. They are sometimes 
confounded with the Waldenses. 

AL'BIN, 71. [L. albus.] An opake, white mineral. 

AL-BIhVO, 71. [L. alb7is.] A white descendant of black pa- 
rents, or a white person belonging to a race of blacks. A 
person unnaturally white. 

AL-BI'NOS, 71. A name signifying white men, given by the 
Portuguese to the white negroes of Africa. 

AL'BI-ON, 71. An ancient name of England, still used in 
poetry. 

AL-Bo'RA, 71. A sort of itch, or rather leprosy. 

AL-Bo'RO, 77. A small red fish of the Mediterranean. 

AL-B(J-GlN'E-OUS, a. [L. albugo.] Pertaining to, or re- 
sembling the white of the eye, or of an egg. 

Ali-Bu'GO, n. The wdiite speck in the eye. Also, a dis- 
ease of the eye. 

AL-Bu'LA, 71. A species of truttaceous fish. 

AL'BUM, 77. [L. albxLs.] 1. Among the iZoTTJaTi.?, a white 
table, board or register. 2. A book, in which foreigners 
or strangers insert autographs of celebrated persons, or in 
which friends insert pieces as memorials for each other. 

AL-Bu'MEN, 77. The white of an egg. 

AL-Bu'MIN-OUS, a. Pertaining to, or having the proper- 
ties of albumen. 

AL'BURN, or AL-BURN'UM, n. [L. alburmim.] The 
white and softer part of wood, between the inner bark 
and the wood. In America, it is popularly called the 


sap. 

AL'BURN, 77. [L. albtirnits^ A fish called the bleak. 
AL'€A-HEST, or AL'KA-HEST, n. [Arabic.] A pretended 
universal dissolvent, or menstruum. See Alkahest. 
AL-€aH€, a. Pertaining to Alcffius, a lyric poet. 
AL-Ga'ICS, n. plu. Several kinds of verse, so called from 
Alcaeus, their inventor. 

AIj-€AID', n. [Sp. alcayde ; Port, alcaide.] Among the 
Moors, Spa 7 iiards, and Portuguese, a governor. , 


* See Sijnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


ALE 


24 


ALI 


AL-€AX'NA, 77. [Arabic.] A plant ; and a powder, pre- 
pared from tlie leaves of the Egyptian privet. 
AL'€A-TltAZ, 77. A pelican. 

AL-CA-VA'LA, n. In Spain, a tax on every transfer of 
property, real or personal. Encyc. 

AL-Ce'DO, 72. [L ] The king-fisher. 

AL-CHEIM'i€, \ a. Relating to alchemy, or produced by 
AL-€HEM'I-€AL, ] it. 

AL-€EE]\I'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of alchemy. 
AL'GHE-MIST, n. One who practices alchemy. 
ALrOHE-MlST'IC, / a. Practicing alchemy, or relating 
AL-€FE-M1ST'I-€AL, \ to it. 

ALGTIE-MY, n. \lt. alchimia.'] 1. The more sublime and 
diliicult parts of chemistry, and chietly such as relate to 
the transmutation of iriLals into gold, the finding a 
universal remedy for diseases, and an alkahest, or uni- 
versal solvent, and other things now treated as ridicu- 
lous. This pretended science was much cultivated in 
the sixteentli and sev^enteenth centuries, but is now 
held in contempt. 2. Formerly, a mixed metal used for 
utensils. 

AL€-Ma'XI-AN, a. Pertaining to Aleman, a lyric poet. 
AL'€0, 72. A quadruped of America. 

AL'CO-HOL, 77. [Ar.J Pure or higlily rectified spirit, ob- 
tained from fermented liquors by distillation. 
AL-€0-H0L'I€, a. Pertaining to alcohol, or partaking of 
its qualities. Med. Rep. 

AL-GO-HOL-I-Za'TION, 72. The act of rectifying spirit, till 
it is wholly dephlegmated j or of reducing a substance to 
an impalpable powder. 

AL'GO-llO-LlZE, V. t. To convert into alcohol ; to rectify 
spirit, till it is wholly dephlegmated 5 also, to reduce a 
substance to an impalpable powder. 

AL'C0R,72. [Ar.] A small star. 

AL'CO-RAN. See Ko_ra?t and Alkorax. 

♦ AL'GoVE, or AL-€oVE', n. [Sp. alcoba.] 1. A recess, or 
part of a room, separated by an estrade, or partition of 
columns, or by other corresponding ornaments ; in which 
is placed a bed of state, and sometimes seats for company. 
2. A recess in a library, or small lateral apartment for 
books. 

ALCY-ON, 72 . The king-fisher. See Halcyon. 

AL CY-O-NITE, n. A fossil zoophite, somewhat resembling 
a fungus. J. of Science. 

AL-CY-o'Nl-UM, 77. The name of a submarine plant. 

Also, a kind of astroit or coral. 

AL'OEIv, 72. [L. alnus,] A tree, usually growing in moist 
" land, and belonging to the genus alnus. 
t AIj-DER-L 1 eV'£ST, 72. Most beloved. Shale. 
ALD'£R-MAN, plu. Aldermen, n. [Sax. aid or eald, old, 
* comp. aWsr, older, and 777 a77.] 1. Among 7)77r Sa3:<2?i a?7- 

cestors, a senior or superior. The title was applied to 
princes, dukes, earls, senators, bishops, &c. 2. In pres- 
ent usage, a magistrate or officer of a town corporate, next 
in rank below the mayor. 

f AL-DER-MANT-TY’, n. The behavior and manners of an 
alderman. The society of aldermen. 

AL'DER-MAN-LY, a. Pertaining to, or like an alderman. 
Swift. 

AL'DERN, a. Made of alder. 

XLE, 77. [tSax. cala, cale, or aloth.] 1. A liquor made from 
an infusion of malt by fermentation. It differs from beer, 
in having a smaller proportion of liops. 2. A merry 
meeting in English country places, so called from the 
liquor drank. Ben Jonson. 

aLE'-BENCH, 77. A bench in or before an ale house. 
aLE'-BER-RY, 77. A beverage, made by boiling ale with 
spice, sugar, and sops of bread. 
aLE'-BREW-ER, 77. One whose occupation is to brew ale. 
ALE'-€OX-NER, n. [ale and co?7.] An officer in London, 
whose business is to inspect the measures used in public 
houses, to prevent frauds in selling liquors. 
aLE'-€OST, 77. Costmary, a plant. 
aLE'-FED, a. Fed with ale. Stafford. 
aLE'-GAR, 77. [ale, and Fi. aigrc, sour.J Sour ale ; the 
acid of ale. 

aLE'-HOOF, 77. [D. eiloof.~\ Ground-ivy. 
aLE'-HOUSE, 77. A house where ale is retailed. 
ALE/-HOUSE-KEEP-ER, n. One who keeps an ale-house. 
ALE'-KNIGHT, (ale'nite) n. A pot companion. Chaucer. 
ALE'-SHOT, 77. A reckoning to be paid for ale. 
aLE'-SIL-VER. 77. A duty paid to the lord mayor of Lon- 
don, by the sellers of ale within the city. 

ALE -STAKE, 77. A stake set as a sign before an ale-house. 
Chaucer. 

aLE-TaST-ER, 72. An officer appointed to inspect ale, 
beer and bread. Cowel. 

ALE'-VAT, 77. A vat in which ale is fermented. 

ALE/-W ASHED, a. Steeped in ale. 
aLE'-WIFE, 77. A woman who keeps an ale-house. 

ALE' WIFE, or a'LOOF, n. [This word is properly aloof, 
the Indian name of a fish.] An American fish, resembling 
the herring. The established pronunciation is alewife, 
plu. aleioives. 


A-LE€-TRY-0M'AN-CY, 77. [Gr. aXeKrgvwv and pav 
Tcia.] An ancient practice of foretelling events by means 
of a cock. 

A-LEE', adv. In seamcn^s language, on the side opposite 
to tlie wind, that is, opposite to the side on which it 
strikes. 

AL'E-GAR, 77. Sour ale ; acid made of ale. 

I AL'E-GER, a. [Fr. ; Sp. alegre L. a/accr.] Gay; cheer- 
ful ; sprightly. Bacon. 

t A-LEGGE', V. t. To lighten ; to lessen ; to assuage. 

A-LEMB'DAR, n. A certain officer in Turkey. 

A-LEM'BIC, 77. [ Ar.] A chemical vessel used in distillation ; 
usually made of glass or copper. 

A-LENGTH', ado. At full length ; along ; stretched at full 
length. Chaucer. 

A-LEP'I-DOTE, 77. [Gr. a and \ems.] Any fish whose skin 
is not covered witli scales. 


A-LERT', a. [Fr. alert e ; Sp. alerto.] 1. Watchful ; vigi- 
lant ; active in vigilance. Hence the military phrase, 
upo 7 i the alert, upon the watch. 2. Brisk ; nimble ; mov- 
ing with celerity. Spectator. 

A-LERT'NESS, n. Briskness ; nimbleness ; sprightliness ; 
levity. Addison. 

A-LEU-ROM'AN-CY, 72. [Gr. a\tv^ov and pavrcia.] A 
kind of divination by meal. 

A-LEu'TIAN, ) a. Designating certain isles in the Pacific 

A-LEi]'TI€, ^ ocean, eastward of Kamtschatka. 

AL-EX-AN'DERS, n. The name of a plant. 

AL-EX-AN'DER’S FOOT, n. The name of a plant. 

AL-EX-AN'DRI-AN, a. Pertaining to Alexandria. 

AL-EX-AX'DRINE, or AL-EX-AN'DRI-AN, 77. A kind of 
verse, consisting of twelve syllables, or of twelve and 
thirteen alternately. 

A-LEX-I-PHAR'MI€, or A-LEX-I-PHAR'MI-€AL, a. [Gr. 
a\e^u) and cpappaKov.] Expelling poison ; antidotal ; sudo- 
rific ; that has the quality of expelling poison or infection 
by sweat. 

A-LEX-I-PHAR'MIG, 77. A medicine that is intended to 
obviate the effects of poison ; an antidote to poison or in- 
lection. 


A-LEX-I-TER'IG, A-LEX-I-TE'RI-AL, or A-LEX-I-TER'- 
I-€AL, a. [Gr. aAr^w and diiXyrypiov.^ Resisting poison j 
obviating the effects of venom. 

A-LEX-I-TERTG, n. A medicine to resist the effects of 
poison, nearly synonymous with alexipharmic. 

AL'GA, 72. [L.] Sea-weed. 

AL'G A-ROT, or AL'GA-ROTH, 77. The name of an emetic 
powder. 

t AL'GaTES, adv. On any terms ; every way. 

AL'GE-BRA, 71. [Ar.] The science of quantity in general, 
or universiil arithmetic. Algebra is a general method of 
computation, in which signs and symbols, whicli are com- 
monly the letters of the alphabet, are made to represent 
numbers and quantities. It takes an unknown quantity 
sought, as if granted ; and, by means of one or more 
quantities given, proceeds till the quantity supposed is 
discovered, by some other known quantity to which it is 
equal. 

AL-GE-BRaTO, ) a. Pertaining to algebra ; containing 

AL-GE-BRa.'I-€AL, i an operation of algebra, or deduced 
from sucli operation. 

AL-GE-BRaTST, 77. One who is versed in the science of 
algebra. 


AL'GE-N^EB, n. A star of the second magnitude. 

AL-GE-RINE', 77. A native of Algiers. 

AL-GE-RINE', a. Belonging to Algiers. 

I AL'GID, a. [L. algidus.] Cold. 

t AL-GTDT-TY, ) , , 

t AL'GID-NESS, ( ^^“ll^ess ; cold. 

t AL-GIFTC, a. Producing cold. 

AL'GOL, 77. A fixed star of the third magnitude. 

AL'GOR, 77. [Lat.] Among physicians, an unusual coldness 
in any part of tlie body. 

AL'GO-RITHM, or AL*GO-RISM, 72. An Arabic term, sig- 
nifying numerical computation, or the six operations of 
arithmetic. 


fAL-GoSE', a. Extremely cold. 

AL'GOUS, a. [E. alga.] Pertaining to sea-weed ; abound- 
ing witli, or like sea- weed. 

AL-GUA-ZIL*, (al-gwa-zeeP) n. [Sp.] An inferior officer of 
justice. 

AL-HEN*NA, 77. Sec Alkenna. 

a'LI-AS, [L.] Otherwise; as in this example— Simsou, 
27^7275 Smith ; a word used injudicial proceedings. 

a'LI-AS, 77. A second writ, or execution, issued when the 
first li^as failed to enforce the judgment. 

AL'I-Bl, 77. [L.] Elsewhere ; in another place ; a 7a?2?tenn. 
When a person is charged with an offense, and he proves 
that he could not Iiave committed it, because he was, at 
the time, in another place, he is said to prove an alibi. 

t AL'1-BLE, a. X'utritive : nourishing. 

aLTEN, (a,le*-yen) a. [L. alienus.] 1. Foreign ; not 
belonging to the same country, land or government. 


* See Synopsis, a, £, I, 0, t), Y, FAR, FALL, WIl^T PR£Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


ALK 


25 


ALL 


2. Belonging to one wlio is not a citizen. .3. Estranged ; 
foreign ; not allied j adverse to. 

AL lEN, (ule'yen) n. A foreigner ; one born in, or belong- 
ing to, another country j one who is not entitled to the 
privileges of a citizen. 

aL'IEX, (ule'yen) ) v. t. [L. alieno.] 1. To transfer 
aL-iENE', (ale-yeen') J title or property to another ; to 
sell. 2. To estrange ; to make averse or indifferent. — 
In this sense, it is more common to use alienate. 
aL-IEN-A-IUL'I-TY, (iile'yen-a-bil'e-te) n. The capacity 
of being alienated or transferred. Burke. 
aL'IEN-A-BLE, (ule'yen-a-bl) a. That may be sold, or 
transferred to another. 

aL'IEN-A(jE, (ale'yen-aje) n. The state of being an alien. 
Story. 

aL'IEN-ATE, (ale'yen-ate) v. t. [L. alieno.l^ 1. To trans- 
fer title, property or right to another. 2. To estrange ; to 
withdraw, as the affections •, to make indifferent or averse, 
where love or friendship before subsisted. 
aL'IEN-ATE, a. [L. alienatus.'] Estranged ; withdrawn 
from ; stranger to. 

t aL'IEN-ATE, n. A stranger ; an alien. 
aL-IEN-a'TIOxV, (ale-yen-a'shun) n. [L. alicnatio.'] 1. 
A transfer of title •, or a legal conveyance of property to 
another. 2. The state of being alienated. 3. A with- 
drawing or estrangement. 4. Delirium j derangement of 
mental faculties 5 insanity. Hooker. 

AL'IEN-A-TOR, n. One that alienates or transfers property. 
Warton. 

aL-IEN-EE', n. One to whom the title to property is trans- 
ferred. Blackstone. 

aL'IEN-ISM, n. Alienage. JY. F. Reports. 

A-LTFE', adv. On my life. Shak. 

A-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. ala and fcro.'] Having wings. 
AE'I-FORM, a. [L. ala and forma.'] Having the shape of 
a wing. 

A-LlO'ER-OUS, a. [L. ala and gero.] Having wings. 
A-LIGGE'. See Alegge. 

A-LIGIIT', (a-lite') v. i. [Sax. alihtan.] 1. To get down or 
descend, as from on horseback or from a carriage. 2. To 
descend and settle. 3. To fall or descend and lodge. 
A-LTKE', a. [Sax. gelic.] Having resemblance or simili- 
tude ; similar. 

A-LIKE', adj). In the same manner, form or degree. 
A-LTKE'-MTND-ED, a. Having the same mind. 
AL'I-MENT, 7?. \la. alimentiLin.] That which nourishes; 
food ; nutriment. 

AL-[-MENT'AL, a. Supplying food ; that has the quality 
of nourishing. 

AL-I-MENT'AL-LY, adv. So as to serve for nourishment 
or food. 

AL-I-MENT^A-RI-NESS, n. The quality of supplying nu- 
triment. 

AL-I-MENT A-RY, a. Pertaining to aliment or food ; hav- 
ing the quality of nourishing. 

AL-I-MENT-a'TION, n. 1. The act or power of affording 
nutrin^ent. 2. The state of being nourished. Johnson. 
AL-I-Mo'Nl-OUS, a. Nourishing ; affording food. [Little 
2 ised.] 

AL'[-.’\IO-NY, n. [L. alhnonia.] An allowance made for the 
support of a woman, legally separated from her husband. 
Blar.kstonc. 

AL'1-PED, a. [L. ala and pes.] Wing-footed ; having the 
toes connected by a membrane, which serves as a wing. 
AL'[-PED, n. An animal whose toes are connected by a 
membrane, and which thus se.rve for wings ; a clieiropter ; 
as the bat. Dumeril. 

AL'i-(iUANT, a. [L. aliyuant 2 im.] In arithmetic, an ali- 
quant number or part is that which does not measure 
another number witiiout a remainder. Thus 5 is an ali~ 
quant part of 16. 

AJi'i-QUOT, o. [L.] An aliquot part of a number or quan- 
tity is one which will measure it without a remainder. 
Tims 5 is an aliquot part of 15. 
a'IjISH, a. Like ale ; having the qualities of ale. 
t v\L'i-TURE, 7?, Nourishment. 

A-Ll VE', [Sax. 1 . Having life, in opposition 

to dead ; living. 2. In a state of action ; unextinguish- 
ed ; undestrnyed ; unexpired ; in force or operation. 3 . 
Cheerful ; sprightly ; lively ; full of alacrity. 4. Suscep- 
tible ’, easily impressed ; having lively feelings. 
AL'KA-HEST, n. [Ar.l A universal dissolvent ; a men- 
struum capable of dissolving every body. 
AL-KA-LES'Ci'jN-CY, ??. A tendency to become alkaline ; 

or a tendency to the properties of an alkali. Urc. 
AL-KA-IiES'CEN7’, a. Tending to the properties of an al- 
kali ; slightly alkaline. 

* AL K A-IiT, 7 ?. ; plu. Aekxlies. [Ar.] In a term 

applied to all bodies which possess the following proper- 
ties : 1. a caustic taste ; 2. being volatilizable by heat ; 3. 
canability of combining with acids, and of destroying their 
acidity ; 4. solubility in water, even when combined with 
carbonic acid ; 5. capability of converting vegetable blues 
to green. Thomson. 


AL'KA-LI-F Y, v. t. To fonn, or to convert into an alkali. 
AL'KA-Ll-FY, v. i. To become an alkali. 

AL-KA-LlG' E-NOUS, a. [alkali, and Gr. yevvaco.] Produc- 
ing or generating alkali. 

AL-KA-LIM’E-TER, n. [alkali, and Gr. perpov.] An in- 
strument for ascertaining the strength of alkalies. Ure. 
AL'K A-LINE, a. Having the properties of alkali. 
AL-KA-LIN'I-TY, n. The quality which constitutes an al- 
kali. Thomson. 

AL-Ka'LI-OUS, a. Having the qualities of alkali. Kivvier, 
t AL'KA-LI-ZATE, a. Alkaline ; impregnated with alkali. 
Boyle. 

f AL'KA-LI-ZATE, v. t. To make bodies alkaline. 
AL-KAL-I-Za'TION, 77. The act of rendering alkaline by 
impregnating with an alkali. 

AL'KA-LiZE, V. t. To make alkaline ; to communicate the 
properties of an alkali to, by mixture. 

AL'KA-NET, v. Tlie plant biigloss. 

AL-KE-KEN'Gf,7t. The winter cheny. 

AL-KEN'NA, or AL-HEN'NA, n. Egyptian privet. 
AL-KERM'ES, n. [Ar.] In pharmacy, a compound cor- 
dial, derived from the kermes berries. 

AL-KER'VA, 77. An Arabic name of the palma Chi'isti. 
Quincy. 

AL'KO-RAN, 77. [Ar. al, the, and koran, book. The 
Book, by way of eminence, as we say, the Bible.] The 
book which contains the Mohammedan doctrines of faith 
and practice. 

AL-KO-RAN'ISH, a. Relating to the Alkoran. 
AL'KO-RAN-IST, n. One who adheres strictly to the letter 
of the Alkoran, rejecting all comments. The Persians are 
generally Alkoranists ; the Turks, Arabs, and Tartars ad- 
mit a multitude of traditions. 

AL-KU£'SA, n. A fish of the silurus kind. 

ALL, (awl) a. [Sax. cal ; Dan. al ; G. all ,* Sw. all.] ]. Ev- 
' ery one, or the whole number of particulars. 2. The 
whole quantity, extent, duration, amount, quality, or de- 
gree. 

ALL, adv. Wholly ; completely ; entirely. 

ALL, 77. 1. The whole number. 2. The whole ; the en- 
” tire thing; the aggregate amount. This adjective is 
much used as a noun, and applied to persons or things. — 
All in all is a phrase which signifies, all things to a per- 
son, or every thing desired. — dt all is a phrase much used 
by way of enforcement or emphasis, usually in negative 
or interrogative sentences. He has no ambition at all ; 
that is, not in the least decree. — All, in coinpcsition, en- 
larges the meaning, or adds force to a word ; and it is 
generally more emphatical than most. In some instan- 
ces, all is incorporated into words, as in almighty, al- 
ready, always ; but in most instances, it is an adjective 
prefixed to other words, but separated by a hyphen. 
ALL-AiJAN'DONED, a. Abandoned by all. 
ALL-AB-HOR'RED, a. Detested by all. Shak. 
ALL-A€-COM'PLTSHED, a. Fully accomplished ; whose 
"education is highly finished. 

ALL-AD-MTR'ING, a. Wliolly admiring. Shak. 
ALL-AD-Vl?'ED, a. Advised by all. Warhurton. 
ALL-AP-PRoVED, a. Approved by all. Mere. 
AliL-A-ToN'ING, a. Atoning for all. Hryden. 
ALL-BEaR'ING, a. Producing every thing ; omniparous. 
ATiL-BEAu'TE-OUS, a. Perfectly beautifu*. Pope. 
AliL-BE-HdLD'lNG, a. Beholding all things. 
ALL-BLaST'ING, a. Blasting all ; defaming or destroying 
all. Mar St on. 

ALL-BOUN'TE-OUS, ) a. Perfectly bountiful ; of infinite 
ALL-BOUN'TI-FUL, ) bounty. 

ALL-CTJaNG'FNG, a. Perpetually changing. Shak. 
ALL-CHEER'ING, a. Tluit cheers all ; that gives gayety 
or cheerfulness to all. Shak. 

ALL-€0IM-IMANE'ING, a. Having command or sovereign- 
" ty over all. Ralrirrh. 

ALL-EOM-PLY'INO, a. Complying in e\’ery respect. 
ALL-COM-PoS'lNG, a. That makes all tranquil or peacc- 
fp.l. Crashaiv. 

ALT.-COM-PilE-HEN'SIVE, c. Compreliending all things. 

GlariviJl e. 

ALrj-CON-CKATi'TKG, a. Hiding or concealing nil. 
AUi-€ON'ClUER-ING, a. Tliat subdues all. Milton. 
ATiL-CON'SCTOUl^, a. Conscious of all ; all-knowing. 
ALL-CON-STR aTN'ING, a. (-onstraining all. Drayton. 
AliL-CON-SuM'ING, a. Tliat consumes or devours" all. 
ATiL-DABMNG, a. Daring to attempt every thing. Jonsnn. 
ALL-DE-STROY’ING, a. Destroying every thing. Fa 2 > 
shaw. 

AT.L-DEV'A5J-TA-TING, e. Wasting ex’cry thing. 
ATiL-DE-VOUR'ING, a. Eating or consuming all. Pope. 
ALL-DIMCdlNG, a. Obscuring every thing. Marston. 
AI.L-DIS-€6V'ER-ING, a. Discovering or disclosing every 
thing. More. 

ALL-DfS-GRA'CED, a. Completely disgraced. Shak. 
ALL-DTF-PEN£'ING, a. Dispensing all things ; affording 
" dispensatmn or permission. Milton. 

ALL-DI-VINE', a. Supremely excellent. Howell. 


f Obsolete. 


Sea Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VS ;— E'lLL, UNITE.— 0 as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CII as SII ; TH as in this. 


ALL 


26 


ALL 


ALL-DI-VIN’^ING, a. Foretelling all tilings. Fanshato 
ALL-DREAD'ED, a. Dreaded by all. Shak. 
^LL-EF-FI''C1ENT, a. Of perfect or unlimited efficacy or 
efficiency. 

ALL-£UO-Q,UENT, a. Eloquent in the highest degree. 
ALL-EM-BRa'CING, a. Embracing all things. Crashaw, 
ALL-ENDUING, a. Putting an end to all things. Shak. 
ALL-EN-LiGHT^EN-lNG, a. Enlightening all things. 
ALL-EN-Ra'6ED, a. Highly enraged. Hall. 
ALL-FLa'MING, a. Flaming in all directions. Beaumont. 
ALL-FOOLS^DAY, n. The first of April. 

ALL-FOR-GIV ING, a. Forgiving or pardoning all. 
ALL-FoURS, n. A game at cards, played by two or four 
"persons. — Togo on all fours is to move or walk on four 
legs, or on the two legs and two arms. 

ALL-GIV<ER, n. The Giver of all things. Milton. 
ALL-GOOD', a. Completely good. Dryden. 

ALL-GOoD', n. The name of the plant good-Henry. 
ALL-GRA'CIOUS, a. Perfectly gracious. 

ALL-GUlD'ING, a. Guiding or conducting all things. 
ALL-HaIL', excl. [all, and Sax. heel, health.] All health ; a 
"phrase of salutation, expressing a wish of all health or 
safety to the person addressed. 

ALL-HAL'LOW, ) n. All Saints’ day, the first of Novem- 
ALL-HAL'LOWS, J ber ; a feast dedicated to all the 
" saints in general. 

ALL-HAL'LOW-TIDE, n. The time near All Saints, or 
November first. 

ALL-HAP'PY, a. Completely happy. 

ALL-HeAL', n. The popular name of several plants. 
ALL-HeAL'ING, a. Healing all things. Selden. 
ALL-HELPTNG, a. Assisting all. Selden. 

ALL-HID'ING, a. Concealing all things. Shak. 
ALL-HON'ORED, a. Honored by all. Shak. 
ALL-HURT'ING, a. Hurting all things. Shak. 
ALL-l'DOL-l-ZING, a. Worshiping everything. Crashaw. 
ALL-IM'I-TA-TING, a. Imitating every thing. More. 
ALL-IN-FORM'ING, a. Actuating all by vital powers. 
ALL-IN'TER-EST-ING, a. Interesting in the highest de- 
"gree. 

ALL-IN-TER'PRET-ING,a. Explaining all things. Milton. 
ALL-JUDG'ING, a. Judging all : possessing the sovereign 
right of judging. Rowe. 

ALL-JUST', a. Perfectly just. 

ALL-KiITO', a.. Perfectly kind or benevolent. 
ALL-KNoVV'ING, a. Having all knowledge ; omniscient. 
.8 tier bury. 

ALL-Li'CENSED, a. Licensed to every thing. Shak, 
ALL-L6V'ING, a. Of infinite love. More. 
ALL-Ma'KING, a. Making or creating all j omnific. 
Dryden. 

ALL-MA-TuR'ING, a. P.Iaturing all things. Dryden. 
ALL-MER'CI-FUL, a. Of perfect mercy or compassion. 
ALL-MUR'DER-ING, a. Killingor destroying every thing. 
ALL-O-Be'DI-ENT, a. Entirely obedient. Crashaw. 
ALL-O-BEY'ING, a. Receiving obedience from all. 
ALTj-OB-LIVT-OUS, a. Causing total oblivion. Shak. 
ALL-OB-SCfjR'ING, a. Obscuring every thing. King. 
ALL-Pa'TIENT, a. Enduring every thing without mur- 
" murs. 

ALL-PEN'E-TRA-TING, a. Penetrating every thing. 
ALL-PER'FECT, a. Completely perfect. 
ALL-PER'FECT-NESS, n. The perfection of the whole j 
entire perfection. More. 

ALL-PIER'CING, a. Piercing every thing. Mnrston. 
ALL-POW'ER-FUL, a. Almighty 5 omnipotent. Swift. 
ALL-PR aIS'ED, a. Praised by all. Shak. 

ALL-Rtili'ING, a. Governing all things. Milton. 
ALL-SA-Ga'CIOUS, a. Having all sagacity ; of perfect dis- 
cernment. 

ALL-SaINTS’-DAY, n. The first day of November, called 
" also all-halloios ; a feast in honor of all the saints. 
ALL-SAN€'TI-FY-ING, a. Sanctifying the whole. West. 
ALL-SaV'ING, a. Saving all. Selden. 

AliL-SEARCII'ING, a. Pervading and searching every 
thing. South. 

ALL-SEE'ING, a. Seeing every tiling. Dryden. 
ALL-SEER', 71. One that sees every thing. Shak. 
ALL-SHaK'ING, a. Shaking all things. Shak. 
ALL-SHUN'NED, a. Shunned by all. Shak. 
ALL-SoUIjS’-DAY, n. The second day of November; a 
" feast or solemnity held by the church of Rome, to suppli- 
cate for the souls of the faithful deceased. 

ALL'-SPICE, n. The berry of the pimento. 
ALL-SUP-FT"CIEN-CY, n. Complete or infinite ability. 
ALL-SUF-Fi"CIENT, a. Sufficient to every thing ; infinite- 
ly able. Hooker. 

ALTj-SUF-FI"CIENT, 71. The all-sufficient Being ; God. 
ALL-SUR-ROUND'ING, a. Encompassing the whole. 
ATiL-ST’R-VEY'TNG, n. Surveying every thing. 
ALL-SUS-TaIN'ING, a. Upholding all things. 
ALIi-TELL'ING, a. Telling or divulging every thing. 
ALL-TRI'UMPH-ING, a. Triumphant every where or 
overall. Jonson. 


ALL-Wj^TCU'ED, a. Watched throughout. Shak. 
ALL-WISE', a. Possessed of infinite wisdom. South. 
ALL-WIT'TED, a. Having all kinds of wit. Jonson. 
ALL-WOR'SHIPED, a. Worshiped or adored by all. 
ALL-W6R'THY, a. Of infinite worth; of the highest 
worth. 

AL'LA-GITE, n. A mineral. 

AL'LAN-ITE, n. A mineral. A siliceous oxyd of cerium 
AL-LAN-TOIS', or AL-LAN-TOID', n. [Gr. aXXaj and 
a^oj.] A thin membrane, situated between the chorion 
and amnios in quadrupeds. 

t AL'LA-TRATE, v. t. [L. allatroJ] To bark, as a dog. 
AL-LaY', V. t. [Sax. alecgan, alegan.] 1. To make quiet ; 
to pacify, or appease. 2. To abate, mitigate, subdue, or 
destroy. 3. To obtund or repress as acrimony. 4. Fo 7 -~ 
merly, to reduce the purity of ; as, to allay metals. But, 
in this sense, alloy is now exclusively used. See Alloy. 
ALLAY', n. 1. Formerly, a baser metal mixed with a 
finer ; but, in this sense, it is now written alloy, which see. 
2. That w'liich allays, or abates the predominant qualities. 
JSTewton. 

AL-LAY'ED, (al-lade') pp. Layed at rest ; quieted ; tran- 
quilized ; abated ; [reduced by mixture. Obs.] 
AL-LAY'ER, n. He, or that, which allays. 

AL-LaY'ING, ppr. Quieting ; reducing to tranquillity ; 

abating ; [reducing by mixture. OZ>s.] 

AL-LaY'MENT, n. The act of quieting ; a state of rest af- 
ter disturbance ; abatement ; ease. Shak. 

AL'LE, (al'ly) n. The little auk, or black and white diver, 
t AL-LECT', V. t. To entice. HuloeCs Diet. 
t AL-LE€T-a'TION, n. Allurement ; enticement. CoUs. 
t AL-LECT'IVE, a. Alluring. Chaucer. 

I AL-LECT'IVE, n. Allurement. Eliot. 

AL-LEDGE', (al-ledj') v. t. [L. allego.'j 1. To declare ; to 
affirm ; to assert ; to pronounce with positiveness. 2. 
To produce as an argument, plea, or excuse ; to cite or 
quote. 

t AL-LEDGE'A-BLE, a. That may be alledged. Brown. 
AL-LEDG'ED, (al-ledjd') pp. Affirmed ; asserted, whether 
as a charge or a plea, 
t AL-LEDGE'MENT, 71. Allegation. 

AL-LEDG ER, n. One who affirms or declares. 
AL-LEDG'ING, ppr. Asserting ; averring ; declaring. 
AL-LE-Ga'TION, 71. 1. Affirmation ; positive assertion or 
declaration. 2. That which is affirmed or asserted ; that 
which is offered as a plea, excuse, or justification. — 3. In 
ecclesiastical cenirts, declaration of charges. 

AL-LEGE'. See Alledge. 

AL-Le'GE-AS, or AL-Le'GI-AS, n. A stuff manufactured 
in the East Indies, 
t AL-LEGE^MENT, 71. Allegation. 

AL-LE-GHa'NE-AN, a. Pertaining to the mountains call- 
ed Alleghany, or Alleghenny. 

AL-LE-GHa'NY, 71. The chief ridge of the great chains of 
mountains w'hich run from N. E. to S. W. through the 
IMiddle and Southern States of North America. 
AL-Le'GI-ANCE, V. [old Fr., from L. alligo.] The tie or 
obligation of a subject to his prince or government ; the 
duty of fidelitv to a king, government, or state, 
t AL-LE'GI-ANT, a. Loyal. Shak. 

AL-LE-GOR'IC, \ a. In the manner of allegory ; figura- 
AL-LE-GOR'I-€AL, ] live. 

AL-LE-GOR'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a figurative manner ; by 
way of allegory. 

AL-LE-GOR'I-CAL-NESS, 71. The quality of being allegori- 
cal. 

AL'LE-GO-RIST, n. One who teaches in an allegorical man- 
ner. Whistov. 

AL'IjE-GO-RTZE, V. t. 1. To form an allegory ; to turn in- 
to allegory. 2. To understand in an allegorical sense. 
AL'LE-GO-RTZE, V. i. To use allegory. 

AL'LE-GO-RiZED, pp. Turned into allegory. 
AL'LE-GO-Rl-ZING, ppr. Turning into allegory, or un- 
derstanding in an allegorical sense. 

AL'LE-GO-RY, n. [Gr. aXXi/yopia.j A figurative sentence 
or discourse, in which the principal subject is described 
by another subject resembling it in its properties and cir- 
cumstances. The principal subject is thus kept out of 
view, and we are left to collect the intentions of the writ- 
er or speaker, by the resemblance of the secondary to the 
primary subject. Allegory is in words what hieroglyph- 
ics are in painting. We have a fine example of an alle- 
gory in the eightieth psalm. 

AL-IjE-GRET'TO, [from allegro,] denotes, in music, a 
movement or time quicker than andante, but not so quick 
as allegro. Busby. 

AL-LE'GRO. \\t. werry, cheerful.] In 7/? a word de- 
noting a brisk movement ; a sprightly part or strain. 

AL-LE-Lu'IAH, n. [fleb n' iS^n.] Praise to Jehovah ; a 
word used to denote pious joy and exultation, chiefly in 
hymns and anthems. 

AL-LE-MAND', n. A slow air in common time, or grave, 
solemn music, with a slow movement. Also a brisk dance. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — | Obsolete. 


ALL 


27 


ALL 


AL LE-MAN'NI€, a. Belonging to the Alcmanni, ancient 
Germans, and to Alemannia, their country. 

AL-LER'ION, n. In heraldry^ an eagle without beak or 
feet, with expanded wings. 

AL-LE-VEuR', n. A small Swedish coin. 

AL-Le'VI-ATE, V. t. [Low L. allevio.] 1. To make light ; 
but always in a figurative sense. To remove in part j to 
lessen j to mitigate *, applied to evils ; as, to alleviate sor- 
row^ 2. To make less by representation ; to extenuate. 

AL-Le'VI-A-TEI), pp. Made lighter \ mitigated ; eased ; 
extenuated. 

AL-Le'VI-A-TING, ppr. Making lighter, or more tolera- 
ble ; extenuating. 

AL-LE-Vl-A'TIOiV, n. 1. The act of lightening, allaying, 
or extenuating •, a lessening, or mitigation. 2. That which 
lesser^, mitigates, or makes more tolerable. 

■f AL-LE'VI-A-TIVE, n. That which mitigates. 

AL'LEY, (al'ly) n. [Fr. allee.] 1. A walk in a garden ; a 
narrow passage. 2. A narrow passage or way in a city, 
as distinct from a public street. 

AL-LI-a'CEOUS, a. [L. allium.] Pertaining to allium, or 
garlm. Barton. 

AL-LPANCE, n. [Fr. alliance.] 1. The relation or union 
between families, contracted by marriage. 2. The union 
between nations, contracted by compact, treaty, or league. 
3. The treaty, league, or compact, which is the instru- 
ment of confederacy. 4. Any union or connection of in- 
terests between persons, families, states, or corporations. 
5. The persons or parties allied. Addison. 

•f AL-Ll'ANT, n. An ally. Wotton. 

AL-LI"CIEN-CY, n. [L. allicio.] The power of attracting 
any thing j attraction ; magnetism. Olanville. [Little 
ttscd»'\ 

f AL-Ll"CIENT, n. That which attracts. 

AL-LI'ED, (al-lide') pp. Connected by marriage, treaty, or 
similitude. 

AL'LI-GATE, v. t. [L. alUgo.] To tie together *, to unite 
by some tie. 

AL-LI-G action, n. 1. The act of tying together. [Little 
v^ed.] 2. A rule of arithmetic, for finding the price or 
value of compounds consisting of ingredients of difierent 
values. 

AL-LI-Ga'TOR, 71. [Sp. lagarto.] The American crocodile. 

AL-LI-Ga'TOR-PEaR, n. A West India fruit. 

AL-LIG'A-TURE, 71. See Ligature, which is the word in 
use._ 

AL-LiNE'MENT, 71. [Fr. alignement.] A reducing to a 
line, or to a square *, a line *, a row. Asiat. Res. 

A.L'LI-OTH, n. A star in the tail of the great bear. 

AL-LIS'ION, (al-lizhhin) n. [L. allido.] A striking against. 
Woodward. 

AL-HT-ER-a'TION, n. [L. ad and litera.] The repeti- 
tion of the same letter at the beginning of two or more 
words immediately succeeding each other, or at short in- 
tervals. 

AL-LIT'ER-A-TiVE, a. Pertaining to, or consisting in, al- 
literation . 

AL-LO-Ga'TION, n. [L. aiZand locatio.] The act of putting 
one thing to another ; hence its usual sense is the admis- 
sion of an article of account, or an allowance made upon 
an account ; a term used in the English exchequer. 

AL'LO-€HRO-ITE, n. An amorphous, massive, opake min- 
eral, foujid in Norway. 

AL-LO-€u'TION, n. [L. allocutio.] 1. The act or manner 
of speaking to. 2. An address •, a formal address. Addi- 
son. [Rarely used.] 

AL-Lo'DI-AL, ft. Pertaining to allodium ; held independ- 
ent of a lord paramount ; opposed to feudal. 

AL-Lo'DI-AN is sometimes used, but not authorized. 

AL-Lo DI-UM, 71. [Fr. alien.] Freehold estate ; land which 
is the absolute property of the owner ; real estate held in 
absolute independence, without being subject to any rent, 
service, or acknowledgment to a superior. It is thus op- 
posed to feud. In England, there is no allodial land, all 
land being held of the king ; but in the United States, 
most lands are allodial. 

AL-LoNGE', (al-lunj') n. [Fr. allonger.] 1. A pass with 
a sword ; a thrust made by stepping forward and extend- 
ing the arm ; a term used in fencing, often contracted into 
lunge. 2. A long rein, when ahorse is trotted in the hand. 
.Johnson. 

AL-LoO', V. t. or i. To incite dogs by a call. See Hal- 
loo. 

AL'LO-PHANE, n. [Gr. aXXof.] A mineral. 

t AL'LO-Q,UY, 71. Address ; conversation. 

AL-LOT', 77. t. [of ft<Z and ZoL] 1. To divide or distribute 
by lot. 2. To distribute, or parcel out in parts or por- 
tions ; or to distribute a share to each individual concern- 
ed. 3. To grant, as a portion ; to give, assign, or appoint 
in general. 

AL-LOT'MENT, n. 1. That which is allotted ; a share, 
part, or portion granted or distributed •, that which is as- 
signed by lot. 2. A part, portion, or place appropriated. 

AL-LOT'TED, pp. Distributed by lot ; granted 5 assigned. 


AL-LOT'TER-Y is used by Shakspeare for allotment , but 
is not authorized by usage. 

AL-LOT'TING, ppr. Distributing by lot ; giving as por- 
tions ; assigning. 

AL-LOW', V. t. [Fr. allouer.] 1. To grant, give, or yield. 
2. To admit ; to own or acknowledge. 3. To approve, 
justify, or sanction. 4. To afford, or grant as a compen- 
sation. 5. To abate or deduct. 6. To permit ; to grant 
license to. 

AL-LOW>A-BLE, a. That may be permitted as lawful, or 
admitted as true and proper j not forbid j not unlawful or 
improper. 

AL-LOW'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being allowable ; 
lawfulness. 

AL-LOW/A-BLY, adv. In an allowable manner. 

AL-LOW ANCE, n. 1. The act of allowing. 2. Permission ; 
license ; approbation ; sanction j usually slight approba- 
tion. 3. Admission *, assent to a fact or state of things j a 
granting. 4. Freedom from restraint ; indulgence. 5. 
That which is allowed ; a portion appointed ; a stated 
quantity, as of food or drink ; hence, in seamen^s lan- 
guage^ a limited quantity of meat and drink, when provis- 
ions fall short. G. Abatement ; deduction. 7. Establish- 
ed character ; reputation. [0Z>5.] Shak. 

AL-LOW' ANCE, v. t. To put upon allowance ; to restrain 
or limit to a certain quantity of provisions or drink. 

AL-LOW'ED, (al-lowd') pp. Granted ; permitted •, assented 
to ; admitted j approved ; indulged ; appointed ; abated. 

AL-LOW'ER, 71. One that approves or authorizes. 

AL-LOW'ING, ppr. Granting ; permitting ; admitting j ap- 
proving 5 indulging 5 deducting. 

AL-LOY', 77. t. [Fr. allier.] 1. To reduce the purity of a 
metal, by mixing with it a portion of one less valuable. 
2. To mix metals. Lavoisier. 3. To reduce or abate by 
mixture. 

AL-LOY', 71. 1. A baser metal mixed with a finer. 2. The 
mixture of different metals j any metallic compound. 3. 
Evil mixed with good. 

AL-LOY'AGE, 77. [Fr. alliage.] 1. The act of alloying met- 
als, or the mixture of a baser metal with a finer, to reduce 
its purity ; the act of mixing metals. 2. The mixture of 
different metals. Lavoisier. 

AL-LOY'ED, (al-loyd') pp. Mixed *, reduced in purity ; de- 
based ; abated by foreign mixture. 

AL-LOY 'ING, ppr. Mixing a baser metal with a finer, to 
reduce its purity. 

ALL'SPiCE. See under the compounds of all. 

ALLS, 77. All one’s goods. A vulgarism. 

f'AL-LU-BES'CEN-CY, n. Willingness ; content. 

AL-LuDE', 77. i. [L. alludo.] To refer to something not di- 
rectly mentioned ; to have reference 5 to hint at by re- 
mote suggestions. 

AL-LuD'lNG, ppr. Having reference ; hinting at. 

AL-Ltj'MI-NOR, 77. [Yr.allumer.] One who colors or paints 
upon paper or parchment, giving light and ornament to 
letters and figures. This is now written limner. 

AL-LuRE', 77. t. [Fr. leurrer.] To attempt to draw to ; to 
tempt by the offer of some good, real or apparent ; to in- 
vite by something flattering or acceptable. 

I AL-LfjRE', 77. Now written lure. 

AL-LuR'ED, (al-lurd') pp. Tempted ; drawn, or invited, 
by something that appears desirable. 

AL-LuRE'MENT, n. That which allures •, any real or ap- 
parent good held forth, or operating, as a motive to action ; 
temptation ; enticement. 

AL-LuR'ER, 77. He, or that, which allures. 

AL-LuR'ING, ppr. 1. Drawing ; tempting ; inviting by 
some real or apparent good. 2. a. Inviting *, having the 
quality of attracting or tempting. 

AL-LuR'ING-LY, adv. In an alluring manner ; enticingly. 

AL-LtiR'ING-NESS, n. The quality of alluring. 

AL-Ltj'SION, (al-lu'-zhun) 71. [Fr.,from Low L.] A 

reference to something not explicitly mentioned 5 a hint j 
a suggestion. 

AL-LU'SIVE, ft. Having reference to something not fully 
expressed. 

ATi-Lu'SlVE-LY, ado. By way of allusion. 

AL-Lu'STVE-NESS, n. The quality of being allusive. 

AL-LD'SO-RY, ft. Allusive ; insinuating. Heath. 

AL-LU'VI-AL, ft. 1. Pertaining to alluvion ; added to land 
by the wash of water. 2. Washed ashore or down a 
stream ; formed by a current of water. Kirwan. 

AL-Ltr'VI-ON, 1 n. [L. alluvio.] I. The insensible in- 

AL-LU'VI-UM, I crease of earth on a shore, or bank of a 
river, by the force of water, as by a current or by waves. 
2. A gradual washing or carrying of earth or other sub- 
stances to a shore or bank ; the earth tlius added. 3. The 
mass of substances collected by means of the action of 
water. Buckland. 

AL-Lu'VI-OUS, ft. The same as alluvial, and less frequent- 
ly used. 

AL-LY', 77. t. [Fr. allier.] 1. To unite, or form a relation, 
as between families by marriage, or between princes and 
states by treaty, league, or confederacy. 2. To form a 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ; — BIJLL, UNITE. — fJ as K ; G as J j S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


ALO 


28 ALT 


relation by similitude, resemblance, or friendship. — J^ote. 
This word is more generally used in the passive form, as, 
families are allied by blood ; or reciprocally, as, princes 
alL]i themselves to powerful states. 

AL-LY', 1. A prince or state united by treaty or league j 
a confederate. 2. One related by marriage or other tie. 

AL-LY'ING, ppr. Uniting by marriage or treaty 

AL'MA-UAN-TAR. See Almucantar. 

AIj'MA-DIE, n. A bark canoe used by the Africans j also, a 
long boat used at Calicut, in India. 

ALCMA-GEST, 77 . [aZ, and Gr. ftrytor?;.] A book or collec- 
tion of problems in astronomy and geometry. 

AL-Ma'GRA, 71. A fine, deep red ochre. 

AL'MA-NAC, 77 . [Ar.] A small book or table, containing 
a calendar of days, weeks, and montlis, with the times of 
the rising of the sun and moon, changes of the moon, 
eclipses, hours of full tide, stated festivals of churches, 
stated terms of courts, observations on the weather, itc., 
for tJie year ensuing. 

AL'MA-IS,' AC-MA-KER, n. A maker of almanacs 

AL'MAN-DINE, n. [Er.j Precious garnet. 

AL'ME, or AL'MA, n. Girls in Egypt, whose occupation is 
to aiiiuse company with singing and dancing. 

AL-MkCVA, 77 . A weight of two pounds. 

AL-MTGIIT'I-NESS, 77. Omnipotence 5 infinite or bound- 

* less power : an attribute of God only, 

AU-MIGllT'Y, a. Possessing all power; omnipotent; be- 

* ing of unlimited might ; being of boundless sufficiency. 

AL-MIGHT'Y, n. The omnipotent God. 

* AL'MOXD, (it is popularly pronounced 'd’mond.) n. [Fr. 
amande.'\ 1 . The fruit of the almond tree. 2. The ton- 
sils^ two glands near the basis of the tongue, are called 
almonds, from their resemblance to that nut. — 3. In Por- 
tugal, a measure by which wine is sold. — 4 Among 
lapidaries, almonds are pieces of rocky crystal, used in 
adorning branch candlesticks. 

AL'MOXl^FUR'NACE, among refiners, is a furnace in 
which the slags of litharge, left in refining silver, are re- 
duced to lead, by the help of cliarcoal. 

ALhMOND-TREE, n. The tree which produces the almond. 

AL'MOND-WIL'LOW, 77. A kind of tree. 

AL MON-ER, 77 . An officer whose duty is to distribute char- 
ity or alms. The grand almoner, in France, is the first 
ecclesiastical dignitary, and has the superintendence of 
hospitals. 

AL'MON-RY, 77. [corrupted into ambry, aumbry, or aum- 
cry.] The place where the almoner resides, or where the 
alms arc distributed. 

* AL-MOST', adv. Nearly ; well nigh ; for the greatest part. 

ALAIS, (amz) n. [Sax. ahnes.] Any thing given gratuitous- 
ly to relieve the poor, as money, food, or clothing. 

ALMS'-BAS-KET, ^ 

ALMS'-BOX, > 77. Vessels appropriated to receive alms. 

ALMS'-CHEST, ) 

ALMS'-DEED, n. An act of charity ; a charitable gift. 

t ALMS'-FOLK, n. Persons supporting others by alms. 

ALMS'-GIV-ER, n. One who gives to the poor. 

ALMfB'-GlV-ING, n. The bestowmient of charity. 

ALMS'-HOUSE, n . A house appropriated for the use of the 
poor, who are supported by the public. 

ALMS'-MJ3N, 1 71. Persons supported by charity or by 

ALMS'-PkO-PLE, I public provision. 

AL MU-GAN-TAB, n. [Ar.] A series of circles of the 
sphere passing through the centre of the sun, or of a star, 
parallel to the horizon. 

AL MU-€AN-TAR’S STAFF. An instrument having an 
arch of fifteen degrees, used to take observations of the 
sun. 

AL-Mu'DE, 77. A wine measure in Portugal. 

AL'MUG, or AL'GUM, 77. In Scripture, a tree or wood, 
about which the learned are not agreed. 

AL'NAGE, 77. [Fr. aulnage.] A measuring by the ell. 

ATi'NA-GER, or AL'NA-GAR, ??. A measurer by the ell. 

Ali'NIGHT, 77. A cake of wax with the wick in the midst. 
Bacon. 

AL'OE, (al'o) 77 . ,* plu. Aloes, (al 6 ze) [L. alo'd ; Gr. 0X077.] 
In botany, a genus of monogynian hexanders, of many 
species ; all natives of warm climates. 

AL'oE?, in medicine, is tlie inspissated juice of the aloe ; a 
stimulating stomachic purgative. 

AL'OE?-WOOD, 77. See Agallochum. 

AIi-0-ET'l€, or AL-O-ET'I-GAL, a. Pertaining to aloe or 
aloes ; partaking of the qualities of aloes. 

AL-0-ET'I€, 77. A medicine consisting chiefly of aloes. 

A-LOFT', ado. 1. On high ; in the air ; high above the 
ground. — 2. In seametPs language, in the top; at the 
mast head ; or on the higher yards or rigging. 

A-LOFT^, {yre.p. Above. Milton. 

A-LO^GI-ANJ*, 77. [Gr. a and Xc 7 yo?.] In church history, a 
sect of ancient heretics, who denied Jesus Christ to be 
the Logos. 

AIVO-GO-TRO-PHY, n. [Gr. aXo/o? and A dispro- 

portionate nutrition of the parts of the body. 


|AL'0-GY, 77. [Gr. a and Xoyof.] Unreasonableness; ab- 
surdity. Broun. 

A-LoNE', a. [all and one; Germ, all ein ; D. alleen.] 1. 
Single ; solitary ; without the presence of another ; appli- 
ed to a person or thing. 2. It is applied to two or more 
persons or things, when separate from others, in a place 
or condition by themselves ; without company. 3. Only. 
A-LoNE', adv. Separately ; by itself, 
t A-LoNE'LY, a. or ado. Only ; merely ; singly, 
f A-LONE'NESS, n. That state which belongs to no other. 
Montague. 

A-LONG', adv. [Sax. and-lang, or 07id-lang.'\ 1. By the 
length ; lengthwise ; in a line witli the length. 2. On- 
ward ; in a line, or with a progressive motion. — dll along 
signifies the whole length ; through the whole distance. — 
Along icith signifies in company ; joined with. — Along 
side, m scameiPs language, signifies side by side. — Along 
shore is by the shore or coast, lengthwise, and near the 
sliore. Lying along is lying on the side, or pressed down 
by the weight of sail. 

f A-LONGST', adv. Along ; through, or by the length. 
A-LOOF', adv. 1. At a distance, but witiiiu view, or at a 
small distance. 2. Not concerned in a design ; declining 
to take any share ; keeping at a distance from the point, 
or matter in debate. 

AL'O-PE-CY, n. [Gr. GXa77r7;|.] A disease called the fox- 
evil, or scu7f, whicli is a falling off of the hair. 

A-Lo'SA, 77. A fish of passage, called the shad. 

A-LOU.D', adv. Loudly ; with a loud voice, 
t A-LoVV', adv. In a low place. 

ALP, ALPS, 77. [qu. Gr. a)^(po? ; L. albus.'] A high moun- 
tain. The name, it is supposed, was originally given to 
mountains whose lops were covered with snow. 
AL-PAG'NA, 71. An animal of Peru. 

AL'PHA, n. [Ileb. Tlie first letter in the Greek al- 

phabet, answering to A, and used to denote first, or be- 
ginning. As a numeral, it stands for 07ie. 

ALTHA-BET, n. [Gr. aX^a and Pyra.] The letters of a 
language arranged in the customary order. 

AL'PH A-BET, v. t. To arrange in the order of an alphabet ; 
to form an alphabet in a book, or designate the leaves by 
the letters of the alphabet. 

AL-PHA-BET-a'RI-AN, 77 . A learner while in the A, B, C. 
AL-PIIA-BET'1€, } a. In tlie order of an alphabet, or 
AL-PHA-BET'I-G AL, ji in the order of the letters as cus- 
tomarily arranged. 

AL-PIIA-BETd-€.\L-LY, adv. In an alphabetical man- 
ner ; m the customary order of the letters. 

AL-PHli'NIX, 71. White barley sugar, used for colds. 
AIVPHEST, 77. A small fish. 

AL-PHON'SIN, 71. A surgical instrument for extracting 
bullets from wounds. 

AL-PflON'SIN Ta'BLES. Astronomical tables made by 
Alphonsus, king of Arragon. Bailey. 

AL'PHUS, 77. [Gr. a\<pos.] That species of leprosy called 
vitiligo. 

ALTTNE, a. [L. alpinus.] 1. Pertaining to the Alps, or to 
any lofty mountain ; very high ; elevated. 2. Growing 
on high mountains. 

* ALTiNE, 71, A kind of strawberry growing on lofty hills. 
ALTIST, or ALTIA, n. The seed of the fox-tail. 
AL'Q,UIER, 77. A measure in Portugal. 

AL'Q,UI-FOUj 77. A sort of lead ore. 

AL-READ'Y, (all-red'-e) adv. Litcralhj,a state of complete 
preparation ; but, by an easy dejlection, the sense is, at 
this time, or, at a specified time, 
t ALS, adv. Also ; likewise. Spenser. 

AL'SO, adv. [all and so ; Sax. cal and stoa.] Likewise ; 
" in like manner. 

ALT, or ALTO, a. [It.] In music, a term applied to high 
notes in the scale. 

AL-TA'IG, or AL-Ta'IAN, a. [Tart, alatau.] Pertaining 
to the Altai. 

AL'TAR, 77. [L. altare.] 1. A mount ; a table, or elevated 
’place, on which sacrifices were anciently offered to some 
deity. 2. In modern churches, the communion table ; 
nnd,fguratively, a church ; a place of worship. 
AL'TAR-€LOTH, 71. A cloth to lay upon an altar in 
’’churches. 

AL'TAR-PIeCE, 77. A painting placed over the altar in a 
church. IVarton. 

AL'l’AR-WiSE, adv. Placed in the manner of an altar. 
Howell. 

AL'TAR-AGE, 71. The profits arising to priests from obla- 
” tions. 

AL'TAR-IST, ) 77. In old laics, the priest to whom the 
AL'TAR-THANE, \ altarage belonged ; also, a chaplain. 
AL'TER, V. t. [Fr. altcrcr : L. alter.] ]. To make some 
” cliange in ; to make different in some particular ; to vary 
in some degree, without an entire change. 2. To change 
entirely or materially. 

AL'^I’ER, V. i. To become, in some respects, different ; to 


vary. 


♦ See Synopsis, a, E, T, 5, U, \, long.—FAB, FALL, WHAT ;— PR£Y ; PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


AMA 


ALT 


29 


^LTER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being susceptible 
of alteration. 

AL TEK-A-lil*E, a. That may become different } that may 
*’ vary. 

AL'1'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of admitting alter- 


ation ; variableness. 

AL'TER-A-BLY, ud». In a manner that may be altered, or 

* varied. 

AL'TEK-ACE, 71. [fromL. aio.] The breeding, nourishing 
**or fostering of a child. [A'ot an English word.] 
AL'TEK-Ai\T, a. Altering ; gradually changing. 
AliTER-AMT, n. A medicine which gradually corrects 
"* the state of the body j an alterative. 

AL-I’ER-a'I'ION, 7t. [L. alteratio.] The act of making 
' different, or of varying in some particular j an altering, or 
partial change. 

AL<TER-A-Tl VE, a. Causing alteration ; having the power 

* to alter. 

AL'TER-A-TIVE, 7/. A medicine which gradually induces 
"a change in the Jiabitor constitution, and restores healthy 
functions. 

AL'TER-CATE, v. i. [L. altercor.] To contend in words j 
to dispute with zeal, heat, or anger j to wrangle. 
AL-TER-€a'T1UN, n. [L. altercatio.] Warm contention 
in words ; dispute carried on with heat or anger ; contro- 
versy ; wrangle. 

AL'TERN, a. [L. alternus.] Acting by turns : one suc- 
ceeding another ; alternate, which is the wora generally 
used. 

AL'TER-NA-CY, n. Performance or actions by turns. 
\_Little xLsed.] 

AL-TERN'AL, a. Alternative. [Little used.] 
AL-TERN'AL-EY, fldy. By turns. May. [Little used.] 
AL-TERN'Al’E, a. [L. alternatus.] Being by turns ; one 
following the other m succession of time or place j hence, 
reciprocal. 

AL-TERN'ATE, n. That which happens by turns with 
something else ; vicissitude. Prior. 

* AL TERN- ATE, v. t. [L. alterno.] To perform by turns, 
or in succession •, to cause to succeed by turns j to change 
one thing for another reciprocally. 

* AlvTERN-ATE, v. i. 1 . To happen or to act by turns. 2. 
To follow reciprocally in place. 

AL-TERN'ATE-LY, ado. In reciprocal succession ; by 
turns, so that each is succeeded by that which it succeeds, 
as night follows day, and day follows night. 
AL-TERN'ATE-NESrf, n. The quality of being alternate, 
or of following in succession. 

AL^TERN-A-TlNG, ppr. Performing or following by turns. 
AL-TERN- a'TION, n. 1. The reciprocal succession of 
things in time or place ; the act of following and being 
followed in succession. 2. The different changes, or al- 
ters ‘ions of orders, in numbers. 3. The answer of tlie 
congregation speaking alternately with the minister. 4. 
Alternate performance, in the choral sense. 
AL-TERI\'A-TIVE, a. [Fr. altcrnatif.] Offering a choice 
of two things. 

AL-TERN'A-TiVE, n. That which may be chosen or 
omitted ; a choice of two things, so that if one is taken. 


the other must be left. 
AL-TERN'A-TiVE-LY, adv. 


In the manner of alterna- 


tives ; in a manner that admits the choice of one out of 
two things. 

AL-TERN'A-TiVE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 
alternative. 

AL-TERN'I-TY, n. Succession by turns ; alternation. 

AL-TIIE'A, 71. [Gr. aX0am.] In botany, a genus of polyan- 
drian monadelphs, of several species ; called in English 
marsh-mallow. 

AL-THoUGIP, (all-tho') ohs. verb, or used only in the 
imperative j (commonly classed, though less correctly, 
among conjunctions.) [all and though Sax. thah, or 
theah ; Ir. daighim. See Though.] Grant all this ; be it 
so ; allow all •, suppose that ; admit all that ; as, “ al- 
though the fig-tree shall not blossom.” ILab. iii. That is, 
grant, admit, or suppose what follows — “ the fig-tree shall 
not blossom.” 

f AL'TI-GRADE, ii. Rising on high. 

AL-TIL'0-Q,UENCE, n. [L. altus and loquor, loquens.] 
Lofty speech ; pompous language. 

AL-TIM'E-TER, n. [L. altus, and Gr. yerpov.] An instru- 
ment for taking altitudes by geometrical principles. 

AL-TIM'E-TRY, n. The art of ascertaining altitudes by 
means of a proper instrument. 

AL'TIN, 7j. A money of account in Russia, value 3 kopecks. 

AL-TIN'GAR, n. A species of factitious salt or powder. 

AL-TIS'O-NANT, \ a. [L. altus and 507t«7i5.] Iligh-sound- 

AL-TIS'O-NOUS, \ ing, lofty, or pompous. 

AL'TI-TUDE, n. [L. altitudo.] 1. Space extended up- 
ward ; the elevation of an object above its foundation ; 
the elevation of an object or place above the surface on 
which we stand, or above the earth. 2. The elevation 
of a point, a star, or other object above the horizon. 3. 
Figuratively, liigh degree ; highest point of excellence. 


AL-TlV'0-LANT, a. [L. altus and vola7ts,] Flying high* 
AL'TO. [It., from L. ai£i/5.] High. 

AL'TO-OG-T.VVO. [It.] Aii octave higher. 
AL'TO-RE-L1 k' VO. [it.] High relief, in «cu/p£ure, is the 
projection of a figure half or more, without being entirely 
detached. Cyc. 

AL'TO-RJ-PIe'NO. [It.] The tenor of the great chorus. 
AL'TO-VT-O-LA. [It.] A small tenor viol. 
AL'TO~VI-0-Li'NO. [It.] A sntali tenor violin. 
AL-TO-GETH'ER, ado. Wholly j entirely j completely j 
without exception. 

AL'U-DEL, n. In chemistry, aludels are earthen pets tvitli- 
out bottoms. 

AL'UM, 7t. [\j. alumen.] A mineral salt, of great use in 
medicine and tlie arts. It is a triple sulphate of alumina 
and potassa. 

AL'UMED, a. Mixed with alum. Barret. 
AL'UM-EARTH, n. A massive mineral. 

A^Lo"mI^’a I An earth, or earthy substance. 

A-Lu'MIN-I-FORM, a. Having the form of alumina. 
AL'U-MIN-ITE, 7J. ifubsulphate of alumina, a mineral. 
A-Lu^MI-NOUS, a. Pertaining to alum or alumina. 
A-Lu'lMI-NUM, n. The name given to the supposed metal- 
lic base of alumina. 

AL'UM-ISH, a. Having the nature of alum ; somewhat re- 
sembling alum. 

AL UM-SLATE, n. A mineral of two species, common and 
glossy. 

AL'UM-STONE, n. The siliceous subsulphate of alumina 
and potash. Cleaveland. 

A-Lu'TA, 77. [^L.] A species of leather-stone. 

AL-U-Ta TION, 71. [h.alutu.] The tanning of leather. 
ALWE-A-RY, 77. [L. alvcarium.] The hollow of the ex- 
ternal ear, or bottom of the concha. 

AL'VE-O-LAR, ) a. [L. alveolus.] Containing sockets, 
AL'VE-O-LA-RY, ) hollow cells, or pits ; pertaining to 
sockets. 

AL'VE-O-LATE, a. [L. alvcolaius.] Eeeply pitted, so as 
to resemble a licney-conib. 

AL'VE-OLE, or AL'VE-O-LUS, n. [L. dim. of alveus.] 1. 
A cell in a bee-hive, or in a fossil. 2. 'I he socket in the 
jaw, ill which a tooth is fixed. 3. A sea fossil. 
AL'VE-O-LITE, n. [L. alveolus, and Gr. In iiatu- 

ral history, a kind of stony poly piers. 

ALWINE, a. [from alvus, the kelly.] Belonging to the 
belly or intestines. Darwin. 

AL-WAR'GRIM, n. The spotted plover. 

AL'WAY, I adv. 1. Perpetually ; throughout all time. 
AL'WAYS, ) 2. Continually ; without variation. 3. Con- 

' tinually or constantly during a certain period, or regular- 


ly at stated intervals. 4. At all convenient times 


regu- 


larly. JHway is now seldom used. 

A. M. stand for artiuni magister, master of arts, the second 
degree given by universities and colleges j called, in some 
countries, doctor of philosophy. — A. M. stand also for 
anno mundi, in the year of the world. 

AM, the first person of the verb to be, in the indicative 
mode, present tense. [Sax. com; Gr. eiyi ; Goth, im; 
Pers. a 777 .] 

a'MA, or Ha'MA, 77. [D. aam.] A vessel to contain wine 
for the eucharisl ; a wine measure. 

AM-A-BILT-TY, 77. [L. amabilis.] Loveliness; the power 
of pleasing. Taylor. 

A-MAD'A-VAD, n. A small, curious bird. 

AM-A-DET'TO, 77. A sort of pear. 

A-MAD'O-GADE, n. A small, beautiful bird in Peru. 
AM'A-DOT, 77. A sort of pear. Johnson. 

AM'A-DOU, 77. A variety of the boletus igjiiarms. This is 
written also amadow, and called black match, and pyro- 
technical spunge, on account of its inflammability. 
A-MaIN', orfo. [Sax. a and 7777c^?7.] With force, strength, 
or violence ; violently ; furiously ; suddenly ; at once. 
A-MAL'GAM, n. [Gr. yaXayya.] 1. A mixture of mercu- 
ry or quicksilver with another metal. 2. A mixture or 
compound of different things. 

A-MAL'GA-MATE, v.t. 1. To mix quicksilver with another 
metal. Gregory uses amalgamiie. 2. To mix different 
things ; to make a compound ; to unite. 
A-MAL'GA-MATE, v. i. To mix or unite in an amalgam ; 
to blend. 

A MAL'GA-MA-TED, pp. Mixed with quicksilver ; blend- 
ed. 

A-MAL'GA-MA-TING, ppr. Mixing quicksilver with ano- 
ther metal ; compounding. 

A-MAL-GA-Ma'TION, 77. 1. The act or operation of mix- 
ing mercury with another metal. 2. The mixing or 
blending of diflerent things. 
fA-MAL'GAME, v.t. To mix metals by amalgamation, 
Chaucer. 

t A-MAND', V. t. To send one aw’ay. Cockeram. 
t AM-AN-Da'TIOX, 77. Sending on a message. 
AM'A-LOZK, 77.. A large aquatic fowi of Mexico. 


O i/ i CJ O 7 — O X — J C' * 

* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BIJLL, UNITE.—G a.s K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH a-s SII ; TH as in this. 


AMB 


30 


AMB 


A-MAN^DO'LA, n. A green marble. • 

A-MAN-U-EN'SIS, w. [L. from manus.'] A person whose 
employment is to Write what another dictates. 

AM^A-RANTH, or AM-A-RANTH^US, n. [Gr. aixapavrog.^ 
Flower-gentle ; a genus of plants, of many species. 

AM'A-RANTH, n. A color inclining to purple. 

AM-A-RANTH'INE, a. Belonging to amaranth ; consist- 
ing of, containing, or resembling amaranth. 

A-MAR'I-TUDE, n. [L. amaritudo.] Bitterness. [JSTot 
much used.] 

f A-MAR'U-LENCE, 71. Bitterness. 

t A-MAR'U-LENT, a. Bitter. 

AM-A-RYL'LIS, n. In botany^ lily-daffodil. 

A-MASS', V. t. [Fr. amasser.] 1. To collect into a heap ; 
to gather a great quantity ; to accumulate. 2. To collect 
in great numbers •, to add many things together. 

A-MASS', 71. An assemblage, heap, or accumulation. [This 
is superseded by 7na55.] 

A-MASS'ED, (a-mast*) pp. Collected in a heap, or in a great 
quantity or number *, accumulated. 

A-MASSTNG, ppr. Collecting in a heap, or in a large quan- 
tity or number. 

A-M ASS' MEN T, n. A heap collected ; an accumulation. 

I A-MaTE', V. i. To accompany ; also, to terrify, to per- 
plex. 

AM-A-TEuR', 71. [Fr.] A person attached to a particular 
pursuit, study, or science, as to music or painting j one 
who has a taste for the arts. Burke. 

t AM-A-TOR'€U-LIST, n. An insignificant lover. 

AM-A-To'RI-AL, AM-A-To'Rl-OUS, or AM'A-TO-RY, a. 
[L. amatorius.] 1. Relating to love j causing love ; pro- 
duced by sexual intercourse. — 2. In anatomy^ a term ap- 
jdied to the oblique muscles of the eye. 

AM-A-To'RI-AL-LY, ado. In an amatorial manner. 

AM-AU-Ro'SIS, 71. [Gr. apavpog.] A loss or decay of sight, 
without any visible defect in the eye, except an immova- 
ble pupil *, called also^utta serena. 

A-MaZE', V. t. To confound with fear, sudden surprise, or 
wonder ; to astonish. 

A-MaZE', 71. Astonishment ; confusion ; perplexity, aris- 
ing from fear or wonder. It is chiefly used in poetry, 
and is nearly synonymous with amazement. 

A-MaZ'ED, (a-mazd') pp. Astonished ; confounded with 
fear, surprise, or wonder. 

A-MaZ'EL)-LY, ado. With amazement ; in a manner to 
confound. [LittZe used.] 

A-MAZ'ED-NESS, n. The state of being confounded with 
fear, surprise, or wonder ; astonishment *, great wonder. 

A-MaZE'MENT, 71. Astonishment ; confusion or perplex- 
ity, from a sudden impression of fear, surprise, or won- 
den 

A-MaZTNG, ppr. 1. Confounding with fear, surprise, or 
wonder. 2. a. Very wonderful j exciting astonishment 
or perplexity. 

A-MaZ'ING-LY, ado. In an astonishing degree. 

AM'A-ZON, 71. [Gr. a and 1. The Amazons are 
said, by historians, to have been a race of female warriors, 
who founded an empire on the river Thermodon, in Asia 
Minor. 2. A warlike or masculine woman *, a virago. 

AM-A-Zo'NI-AN, a. 1. Pertaining to or resembling an Am- 
azon. Applied to females^ bold ; of masculine manners ; 
warlike. 2. Belonging to the river Amazon or Maranon, 
in South America, or to Amazonia. 

AMB, AM. About ; around •, used in composition. [Sax. 
crab, ynib ; W. am ; Gr* ap^i ; L. am or amb.] 

AM-Ba'GES, 71. [L. amb and ago.] 1. A circumlocution ; 
a circuit of words to express ideas which may be ex- 
pressed in fewer words. 2. A winding or turning. 

AM-Ba'GI-OUS, a. Circumlocutory ; perplexed ; tedious. 

t AINI-BAS-SaDE', 71. Embassy. Shak. 

AM- BAS'SA-DOR, 71. [This is the more common orthogra- 
phy ; but good authors write also eoibassador ; and, as the 
orthography of embassy is established, it would be better 
to write embassador. See Embassador.] 

AM-BAS'SA-DRESS, 71. The wife of an ambassador. 


t AM'BAS-SAGE, } . embas^v 

t A.M'BAS-SY, ) emba^ssy. 

AM'BE, or AM'BT, n. [Gr. ap^y.] Literally^ a brim *, but in 
surgery, an instrument for reducing dislocated shoulders. 
Also the mango tree. 

AjM'BER, 71. [Fr. arnbre ; Sp. ambar.] A hard, semi-pellu- 
cid substance, tasteless, and without smell, except when 
pounded or heated, when it emits a fragrant odor. It is 
found in alluvial soils, or on the sea shore, in many 
places ; particularly on the shores of the Baltic, in Europe, 
and at Cape Sable, in Maryland, in the United States. 

AM'BER, a. Consisting of, or resembling amber. 

AM'BER, V. t. To scent with amber. 

AM'BER-DRINK, 71. A drink resembling amber in color. 

AM'BER-DROP-PING, a. Dropping amber. Milton. 

AM'BER-SEED, 71. Musk-seed, resembling millet. 

AM'BER-TREE, n. The English name of a species of an- 
thospermum, a shrub. 


AM'BER-GRIS, tj» [amber j and Fr. gris.] A solid, opake, 
ash-colored, inflammable substance, variegated like mar- 
ble, remarkably light, rugged on its surface, and highly 
valued as a material in perfumery. 

AM-BI-DEX'TER, n. [L. ambo and dexter.] 1. A person 
who uses both hands with equal facility. 2. A double 
dealer ; one equally ready to act on either side in party 
disputes. — 3. In law, a juror who takes money of both 
parties, for giving his verdict ; an embracer. 

AM-BI-DEX-TER'I-TY, or AM-BI-DEX'TROUS-NESS, n. 
The faculty of using both hands with equal facility ; 
double dealing j the taking of money from both parties 
for a verdict. 

AM-BI-DEX'TROUS, a. Having the faculty of using both 
hands with equal ease ; practicing or siding with both 
parties 

AM'BI-ENT, a. [L. ambicns.] Surrounding ; encompassing 
on all sides ; investing. 

AM-BlG'E-NAL, a. [L. ambo and genu.] An ambigenal 
hyperbola is one of the triple hyperbolas of the second 
order, having one of its infinite legs falling within an an- 
gle formed by the asymptotes, and the other without. 

AM'BI-GU, n. An entertainment, or feast, consisting of a 
medley of dishes. King. 

AM-BI-Gu'I-TY, 71. [L. ambiguitas.] Doubtfulness or un- 
certainty of signification, from a word’s being susceptible 
of different meanings j double meaning. 

AM-BIG'U-OUS, a. [L. ambiguus.] Having two or mere 
meanings ; doubtful ; being of uncertain signification j 
susceptible of different interpretations. 

AM-BIG'U-OUS-LY, ado. In an ambiguous manner ; with 
doubtful meaning. 

AM-BIG'U-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being ambigu- 
ous ; uncertainty of meaning ; ambiguity ; and, hence, 
obscurity. 

AM-BIL'E-VOUS, a. [L. ambo and Iwvus.] Left-handed ; 
on both sides. 

AM-BIL'O-GY, n. [L. ambo, and Gr. Xoyoj.] Talk or lan- 
guage of doubtful meaning. 

AM-BIL'O-Q-UOUS, a. [L. ambo and loquor.] Using am- 
biguous expressions. 

AM'BIT, n, [L. ambitus.] The line that encompasses a 
thing j in geometry, the perimeter of a figure. The pe- 
riphery or circumference of a circular body. 

AM-BI"TION, n. [L. ambitio.] A desire of preferment or of 
honor j a desire of excellence or superiority. It is used 
in a good sense ; as, emulation may spring from a lauda- 
ble ambition. It denotes, also, an inordinate desire of 
power or eminence, often accompanied with illegal 
means to obtain the object. 

AM-Bl"TION, V. t. [Fr. ambitionner.] Ambitiously to seek 
after. Kin^. [Little used.] 

AM-BI"TIOUS, a. 1. Desirous of power, honor, office, su- 
periority, or excellence j aspiring ; eager for fame. 2. 
i^howy ; adapted to command notice or praise. *3. Eager 
to swell or rise higher. 

AM-Bl"TIOUS-LY, ado. In an ambitious manner. 

AM-BI"TIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being ambitious. 

AM'BLE, 7^ 7. \¥y. ambler.] 1. To move with a certain 
peculiar pace, as a horse, first lifting his two legs on one 
side, and then changing to the other. 2. To move easy, 
without hard shocks. 3. To move by direction, or to 
move affectedly. 

AM'BLE, 71. A peculiar pace of a horse. 

AM'BLER, ??. A horse which ambles j a paecx. 

AM'BLI-GON, or AM'BLY-GON, n. [Gr. ay(^\vg and 
ywvia.] An obtuse-angled triangle. 

AM-BLIG'O-NAL, a. Containing an obtuse angle. 

AM'BLI-GO-NITE, n. [Gr. ap(^\vywviog.] A greenish-col- 
ored mineral. 

AM'BLING, ppr. or a. Lifting the two legs on the same 
side, at first going off, and then changing. 

AM'BLING-LY, ado. With an ambling gait. 

AM'BLY-O-PY, 71. [Gr. apj^^vg and .] Incipient amau- 
rosis j dullness or obscurity of sight. 

AM'BO, 71. [Gr. ap^wv ; L. 7Lmbo.] A reading desk, or pul- 
pit. 

AM-BRE-a'DA, 71. A kind of factitious amber. 

AM-BRo'SIA, (am-bro'-zha) n. [Gr. a and jb’j3orof.] 1. In 
heathen antiquity, the imaginary food of the gods. 2. 
Whatever is very pleasing to the taste or smell. 

AM-BRo'ST-A€, a. Having the qualities of ambrosia. 

AM-BRo'SIAL, (am-br5'-zhal) a. Partaking of the nature 
or qualities of ambrosia ; fragrant ; delighting the taste 
or smell. Ben Jonson uses ambrosiac in a like sense, and 
Bailey has ambrosian, but these seem not to be warranted 
by usage. 

AM-BRo'SIAN, a. Pertaining to St. Ambrose. 

AM'BRO-SIN, 71. In the middle ages, a coin struck by the 
dukes of Milan, on which St. Ambrose was represented. 

AM'BRY, 71. [contracted from Fr. aumonerie, almonry.] 1. 
An almonry ; a place where alms are deposited for dis- 
tribution to the poor. 2. A place in which are deposited 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, o. U, Y, lo7ig. — FAR, F^UL, WHAT ; — PREY j — PIN, MARINE, BiRD; — | Obsolete. 


AME 31 

the utensils for house-keeping j also a cupboard ; a place 
for cold victuals. 

AMBS-ACE', (arnz-ase') n. [L. ambo, and ace.] A double 
ace, as when two dice turn up the ace. 

AM'BU-LANT, a. [L. ambulaus.] Walking ; moving from 
place to place. 

AM-BU-La'TION, n. [L. ambulatio.] A walking about j 
the act of walking. 

t AM'BU-LA-TiVE, a. Walking. 

AM'BU-LA-TOR, «. In entovioloffy^ a species of lamia. 
Cyc. 

AM'BU-LA-TO-RY, a. 1. That has the power or faculty 
of walking. 2. Pertaining to a walk. 3. Moving from 
place to place ; not stationary. 

AM'BU-LA-TO-RY, n. A species of ichneumon 

AM'BU-RY, or AN'BCJ-RY, n. [qu. L. umbo ; Gr. au^wv.] 
Among fari'iersy a tumor or wart on a horse, full of blood. 

* AM'BUS-GADE, n. [Fr. embuscade.] 1. A lying in wait 
for the purpose of attacking an enemy by surprise. 2. A 
private station in which troops lie concealed with a view 
to attack their enemy by surprise 5 ambush. Shakspeare 
uses the word avibuscado. 

AM'BUS-CADE, v. t. To lie in wait for, or to attack from 
a concealed position. 

AM'BUS-GA-DED, jrp. Having an ambush laid against, or 
attacked from a private station. 

AM'BUS-€A-DING, ppr. Lying in wait for *, attacking 
from a secret station. 

AM'BUSH, n. [Fr. embtiche.] 1. A private or concealed 
station, where troops lie in wait to attack their enemy by 
surprise. 2. The state of lying concealed, for the purpose 
of attacking by surprise ; a lying in wait. 3. The 
troops posted in a concealed place for attacking by sur- 
prise. 

AM'BIJSH, V. t. To lie in wait for ; to surprise by assailing 
unexpectedly from a concealed place. 

AM'BIJSH, V. i. To lie in wait, for the purpose of attacking 
by surprise. Trumbull. 

AM BUSHED, pp. Lain in wait for *, suddenly attacked 
from a concealed station. 

AM'BUSH-ING, ppr. Lying in wait for. 

AM'BUSH-MENT, n. An ambush j which see. 

f AM-BUST', a. [L. ambustus.] Burnt ; scalded. 

AM-BUS'TION,?i. [L. a?ubtistio.] Aburningj aburnorscald. 

A-MEI'VA, 71. A species of lizard found in Brazil. 

AM'EL, 71. [Fr. email.] The matter with which metallic 
borlies are overlaid ; but its use is superseded by enamel. 

A-MeL'IO-RATE, V. t. [Fr. ameliorer .] To make better j 
to improve ; to meliorate. Christ. Obs. Buchanan. 

A-MeL'IO-RATE, V. i. To grow better ; to meliorate. 

A-MeL-IO-Ra'TION, n. A making or becoming better ; 
improvement ; melioration. 

A-MEN'. This word, with slight differences of orthogra- 
phy, is in all the dialects of the Assyrian stock. As a 
verb, it signifies to confirm, establish, verify ; to trust, or 
give confidence ; as a noun^ truth, firmness, trust, confi- 
dence ; as an adjective, firm, stable. In English, after 
the oriental manner, it is used at the beginning, but more 
generally at the end of declarations and prayers, in the 
sense of, be it firm, be it established. The word is used 
also as a noun. “ All the promises of God are amen in 
Chnst that is, firmness, stability, constancy. 

A-Me'NA-BLE, a. [It. menare ; Fr. mciier.] Liable to an- 
swer ; responsible ; answerable ; liable to be called to 
account. 

t A]\I'EN-AGE, V. t. To manage. Spenser. 

f AM'EN-ANCE, 71. Conduct j behavior. Spenser. 

A-MEND', V. t. [Fr. amender ; L. emcndo.] 1. To correct ; 
to rectify by expunging a mistake. 2. To reform, by 
quitting bad habits ; to make better in a moral sense. 3. 
To correct ; to supply a defect ; to improve or make bet- 
ter, by adding what is wanted, as well as by expunging 
what is wrong. 

A-MEND', V. i. To grow or become better, by reformation, 
or rectifying something wrong in manners or morals. 

A-MEND', n. [Fr.] A pecuniary punishment or fine. 
The amende honorable, in France, is an infamous punish- 
ment inflicted on traitors, parricides, and sacrilegious 
persons. These words denote also a recantation in open 
court, or in presence of the injured person. 

A-MEND'A-BLE, a. That may be amended ; capable of 
correction. 

A-MEND'A-TO-RY, a. That amends ; supplying amend- 
ment ; corrective. 

A-MEND'ED, pp. Corrected ; rectified ; reformed ; improv- 
ed, or altered for the better. 

A-MEND'ER, n. The person that amends. 

f A-MEND'FUL, a. Full of improvement. 

A-MEND ING, ppr. Correcting j reforming ; altering for 
the better. 

A-MEND'MENT, n. 1. An alteration or change for the bet- 
ter *, reformation of life. 2. A word, clause, or paragraph, 
added or proposed to be added to a bill before a legislature. 

— 3. In law, the correction of an error in a writ or process. 


AMM 

A-MENDS', 71. plu. [Fr. amende.] Compensation for an in 
jury : recompense ; satisfaction ; equivalent. 
A-MEN'I-TY, 71. [L. amcenitas ; Fr. amenite.] Pleasantness r 
agreeableness of situation ; that which delights the eye. 
AM'ENT, 71. [L. amentum.] In ftotaTiy, a species of inflo- 
rescence^^ from a common, chaffy receptacle. 
A-MEN-Ta'CEOUS, a. Growing in an ament 5 resembling 
a thong. 

f A-MEN'TY, 71. {Fr. ament ie.] Madness. 

A-MERCE', (a-mers') v. t. [a for on, or at, and Fr. merci.] 

1. To inflict a penalty at mercy ; to punish by a pecunia- 
ry penalty, the amount of which is not fixed by law, but 
left to the discretion or mercy of the court. 2. To inflict 
a pecuniary penalty ; to punish in general. 

A-MERCE'A-BLE, a. Liable to amercement. 

A-MER'CED, (a-merst')pp. Fined at the discretion of a court. 
A-MERCE'MENT, (a-mers'-ment) n. A pecuniary penalty 
inflicted on an offender at the discretion of the court. 
A-MER'CER, 71. One who sets a fine at discretion upon an 
offender. 

f A-MER'CIA-MENT, 77 . Amercement. Selden. 
A-MER'I-GA, 77 . [from Amerigo Vespucci.] One of the 
great continents. 

A-MER'I-€AN, a. Pertaining to America. 

A-MER'I-€AN, 77 . A native of America ; originally applied 
to the aboriginals, or copper-colored races, found here by 
the Europeans *, but now applied to the descendants of 
Europeans born in America. 

A-MER'I-GAN-1SM, 77 . An American idiom •, the love 
which American citizens have for their own country. 
A-MER'I-€AN-iZE, V. t. To render American j to natu- 
ralize in America. 

A-MER'I-CIM, 77 . A species of lizard. 

AM'ESS, 77. A priest’s vestment. See Amice. 
f AM-E-TH0D'I-€ AL, a. Out of method : irregular, 
t A-METH'O-DIST, 77. A quack. 

AM'E-THYST, 77. [L. amethystus.] A sub-species of 

quartz, of a violet blue color, of different degrees of in- 
tensity. It is wrought into various articles of jewelry. 
AM'E-THYST, in heraldry, signifies a purple color. 
AM-E-THYST'INE, a. Pertaining to or resembling amethyst. 
AM'I-A, 77 . A genus of fish in Carolina. 
a'MI-A-BLE, a. [Fr. amiable ,• L. amabilis.] 1. Lovely j 
worthy of love *, deserving of affection ; applied us^ially 
to persons. 2. Pretending or showing love. Shale. 
a'MI-A-BLE-NESS, 77 . The quality of deserving love ; 
loveliness. 

A'MI-A-BLY, adv. In an amiable manner 5 in a manner 
to excite or attract love. 

AM'I-ANTH, i 77 . [Gr. apiavros.] Earth-flax, or moun- 
AM-I-ANTH'US, j tain flax ; a mineral substance, some- 
what resembling flax. 

AM-I-ANTH'I-FORM, a. Having the form or likeness of 
amianth. 

AM-I-ANTH'IN-lTE, n. A species of amorphous mineral, 
a variety of actinolite. 

AM-I-ANTH'OID, n. ^inianth, and Gr. ci^oj.] A mineral 
which occurs in tufts, composed of long capillary fila- 
ments, flexible and very elastic. 

AM-I-ANTH'OID, a. Resembling amianth in form. 
AM'I-CA-BLE, a. [L. amicabilis.] 1. Friendly *, peace- 
able j harmonious in social or mutual transactions. 2. 
Disposed to peace and friendship. 

AM'I-€A-BLE-NESS, 77. The quality of being peaceable or 
friendly ; friendliness. 

AM'I-€A-BLY, adv. In a friendly manner. 

I A-Ml'CAL, a. Friendly. W. Watson. 

AM'ICE, 77 . [L. amictus.] A square linen cloth that a Cath- 
olic priest ties about his neck, hanging down behind un- 
der the alb, when he officiates at mass. 

A-MID', \prep. \a, and Sax. midd.] 1. In the midst or 
A-MIDST', \ middle. 2. Among ; mingled with. 3. 
Surrounded, encompassed, or enveloped with. Amid is 
used mostly in poetry. 

A-MID'-SHIPS. In marine language, the middle of a ship, 
with regard to her length and breadth. 

AM'I-LOT, 77. A white fish in the Mexican lakes. 

A-MISS', a. 1. Wrong ; faulty *, out of order ; improper. 

2. adv. In a faulty manner j contrary to propriety, truth, 
law, or morality. 

t A-MISS', 77 . Culpability ; fault. Shak. 
j A-MISS'ION, 77 . Loss. More. 
t A-MlT'j V. t. To lose. Brown. 

AM'l-TY, 77 . [Fr. amitie.] Friendship, in a general sense, 
between individuals, societies, or nations ; harmony ; 
good understanding. 

AM'MA, 77 . [Heb. D^?.] 1. An abbess, or spiritual moth- 
er. 2. A girdle or truss used in ruptures. [Gr. appa.] 
AM'MAN, 77 . [G a777t7«ar7.77 ; J). amptman.] In some Euro^ 
pean nations, a judge who has cognizance of civil causes. 
In France, a notary. 

AM'MITE, or HAM'MTTE, n. [Gr. appog.] A sand-stone, 
or free-stone, of a pale-brown color. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BjJLL, UNITE ; — C as K ; G as J • S as Z ; CH as SH j TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


AMO 


32 


AMP 


AM'MO-CETE, n. An obsolete name of the ammodyte. In 
Cuvier, the name of a genus of fish, 

AM'MO-CIIRYSE, ?i. [Gr. and A yellow, 

soft stone, found in Germany. 

AM'MO-GYTE, ?i. [Gr. au/ios and The sand eel, a 

genus of fish of tlie apoual order. 

AM-MO'NI-A, or AMhMO-NY, n. Volatile alkali ; a sub- 
stance, which, in its purest form, exists in a state of gas. 

AM-MO'NI-AG, or AM-MO-NI'A-€AL, a. Pertaining to 
ammonia, or possessing its properties. 

AxM-MO'NI-AG, or AM-Mo'iNl-A€ GEM, n, A gum resin, 
from Africa and tlie East. 

AM-iMo'Nl-AN, fl. Relating to Ammonius, surnamed Sac- 
cas, of Alexandria, the founder of the eclectic system of 
philosophy. 

AM'MO-AlTE, 71. [cornu ammonis, from Jupiter jimman.] 
Jy^rpen^ -stone, or cornu ammonis, a fossil shell, curved 
ini^ spiral form, like a ram’s horn. 

AM-MO'NI-EiM, n. A name given to the supposed metallic 
basis of ammonia. 

AM-MO-Ni' U-RET, n. The solution of a substance in am- 
monia. Kd. Encyc. 

AM-ME-Nl''TIO>r, 71. [Ij. ad VLrxdmunitio.'] Military stores, 
or provisions for attack or defense. In modern usage, 
the signification is confined to the articles which are used 
in the discharge of fire-arms and ordnance of all kinds *, 
as powder, balls, bombs, various kinds of shot, &c. — Am- 
munition-bread, bread, or other provisions to supply troops. 

AM'NES-TY, 71. [Gr. apvnana.] An act of oblivion ; a 
general pardcn of the otfenses of subjects against the gov- 
ernment, or the proclamation of such pardon. 

f AM-Nl€'v)-L1ST, 71. One who dwells near a river. 

AM-NiG' E-NOUS, a. Born of a river. 

AM'NI-OS, or AM'NI-ON, n. [Gr. apviov.] The innennost 
membrane surrounding the fetus in the womb. 

AM-Ni-OT'I€, a. Obtained from the liquor of the amnios. 

AM-O-Be'AN, a. Alternately answering. fVarton. 

AM-O-Be'UM, 71. [Gr. apoi^aiog.] A poem in which per- 
sons are represented as speaking alternately 

f AM-0-LI‘'TIOxV, n. A removal *, a putting away. Bp. 
IVard. 

A-Mo'MUM, 71. [Gr. apwpov.] A genus of plants, all na- 
tives of warm climates, and renjarkable for their pungen- 
cy and aromatic properties. — True amomum is a round 
fruit, from the East, of the size of a grape. 

A-M6NG', (a-mung') }prep.[8aLX.onmang,ongemang.] 

A-M6NGST', (a-mungst') ) 1. In a general or primitive 

sense, mixed or mingled with. 2. Conjoined or associated 
with, or making part of the number. 3. Of the number. 

A-Mo'NI-AN, a. [hom A mmcn or Hammon.] Pertaining to 
Jupiter Ammon, or to his temple and woi'sliip in Upper 
Egypt. 

AM-O-RA'DO, 77. [L. amor.] A lover. See Inamorato, 
winch is chiefly used. 

AAlo RE, 77. A name given, by Marcgrave, to a tribe of 
fish, ofjthree species, the pizuma, guacu, and tinga. 

AM-O-Rii'ANS, 7i. A sect of Gemaric doctors or commen- 
tators on the Jerusalem Talmud. 

AM-O-RET', 77. [L. amor ,• Fr. amourette.] A lover ; an am- 
orous woman ; also, a love-knot, or a trifling love affair. 
Chaucer. 

AM'O-RIST, 77. [L. amor.] A lover ; a gallant ; an inamo- 
rato. Boyle. 

•f A-MORNTNGS, adv. In the mornings. 

AM-O-Ro'SA, 77. [It.] A wanton woman. 

AM-O-Rd'HO, 77. Mt.J A lover ; a man enamored. 

AM'O-ROUS, <7. [Fr. a?77orc77x.] 1. Inclined to love ; hav- 

ing a propensity to love, or to sexual enjoyment ; loving *, 
fond. 2. In love ; enamored. Shak. 3. Pertaining or 
relating to love •, produced by love ; indicating love. 
JUlton. Waller. 

AM'O-ROUS-LY, adv. In an amorous manner. 

AM'O-ROUS-NESS, n. The quality of being inclined to 
love, or to sexual pleasure ; fondness. 

A-MORPH'A, 77. [Gr. a and popcpr}.] False or bastard indi- 
go, a native plant of Carolina. 

A-MORPfPOUS, a. [Gr. a and pop(prj.] Having no deter- 
minate form ; of irregular shape. 

A-MORPIPY, 77. Irregularity of form ; deviation from a de- 
terminate shape. Sizift. 

A-MORT', ado. [L. mors, mortuus.] In the state of the 
dead. Shak. 

A-MOR-TI-Za/TION, or A-MORTTZE-MENT, 77. The 
act or right of alienating lands or tenements to a corpora- 
tion. 

A-MORT^TZE, v. t. [Norm, amortizer.] In English law, 
to alienate in mortmain, that is, to sell to a corporation, 
sole or aggregate, ecclesiastical or temporal, and their 
successors. This was considered as selling to dead hands. 

A-MrvTION, 77. [L. amotio.] Removal. Warton. 

A-MOUNT’, V. i. [Fr. monter.] 1. To rise to or reach, by 
an accumulation of particulars into an aggregate whole ; 
to compose 'ii the whole. 2. To rise, reach, or extend 


* to, in effect, or substance ; to result in, by consequence, 
when all things are considered. 

A-MOUNT', 77. 1. The sum total of two or more particular 
sums or quantities. 2. The effect, substance, or result ^ 
the sum. 

A-MOUNTTNG, j)pr. Rising to, by accumulation or addi 
tion ; resulting, in effect or substance. 

A-MOUR', 77. [Fr.] An unlawful connection in love ; a 
love intrigue ; an affair of gallantry, 
t A-M5V'AL, 77. [L. amoveo.] Total removal, 
t A-MoVE', 77. t. [L. a777077Co.j To remove. Hall. 
AM'PEL-ITE, 77. [Gr. apncXog.] Cannel coal, or candle 
coal, an inflammable substance. 

AM-PlllB'I-AE, or yVM-PHlB'I-A, 77. [Gr. apcpi and piog.] 
In zoology, amphibials are a chiss of animals, so formed 
as to live on h)nd, and for a long time under water. 
AM-PHIB'I-O-LITE, 77. [Gr. apcpi^iog and \idos.] A frag- 
ment of a petrified amphibious animal. 
AM-PHlB-I-0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to amphibiology. 
AM-PHIB-I-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. ap<pi, fiiog, and \oyog.] A 
discourse or treatise on amphibious animals, or the histo- 
ry and description of such animals. 

AM-PHIB'I-OUS, a. 1. Haying the power of living in two 
elements, air and water. 2. Of a mixed nature 5 partak- 
ing of two natures. 

AM-PHIBT-OUS-NESS, n The quality of being able to 
live in two elements, or of partaking of two natures. 
AM-PHIB I-UM, 77. That which lives in two elements, as 
in air and water. 

AM'PHI-BOLE, 77. [Gr. ap<pi^o\og ; ap(pi and /3aXXw.] A 
name given by Haiiy to a species of minerals, including 
the tremolite, hornblend, and actinolite. 

AM-PHI-BOL'I€, a. Pertaining to amphibole ; resembling 
amphibole. Cooper. 

AM-PHIB-0-LOgT-€AL, a. Doubtful ; of doubtful meaning. 
AM-PHIB-0-LOG'I-€AL-LY,ad7;.Withadoubtful meaning. 
AM-PHI-BOL'O-GY, 77. [Gr. ap(pi(^o\oyia.] A phrase or 
discourse susceptible of two interpretations j and, hence, 
a phrase of uncertain meaning. 

AM-PHIB'O-LOUS, a. [Gr. ap<pi^o\og.] Tossed from one to 
anotljer ; striking eacn way, with mutual blows. [L.u.] 
AM-PHIB'O-LY, 77. [Gr. apcpi( 3 o\ia.] Ambiguity of mean- 
ing. Spelman. [Rarely Ttica.] 

AM'PHI-BRA€H, 77. [Gr. a/707 and (]pa^vg.] Jn poetry, a 
foot of three syllables, the middle one long, the first and 
last short ; as, habere, in Latin. 

AM'PHl-€OME, 77. [Gr. a/u07 and Koprj.] A kind of figured 
stone, of a round shape. 

AM-PHIC-TY-ON'I€, a. Pertaining to the august council 
of Amphictyons. 

AM-PHl€'TY-ON{?, n. In Grecian history, an assembly or 
council of deputies from the different states of Greece, 
who sat at Thermopylae, but ordinarily at Delphi. 
AM'PHI-GENE, 77. [Gr. ap(pi and ytvog.] In mineralogy. 

another name of the leucite or Vesuvian. 

AM-PHI-HEX- A-He DR/YL, a. [Gr. a/707, and hexahcdral.] 
In crystal ography, when the faces of tlie crystal, counted 
in two different directions, give two hexahedral outlines, 
or are found to be six in number. 

AM-PHIM'A-CER, 7?.. [Gr. a/707/7aA'^o?.] In ancient poetry. 
a foot of three syllables, the middle one short, and the 
others long, as in ciistitils. 

AM-PHIS'BEN, ) n. [Gr. aud>taSaiva.] A genus of ser- 
AM-PHIS-BE'NA, i pents. 

AM-PHIS'CI-T, or AM-PHIS'CIANS, 77. [Gr. apefn and 
77X70.] In geography, tlie inhabitants of the tropics, whose 
shadows, in one part of the year, are cast to the north, 
and in the other, to the south. 

AM'PHI-TANE, n. A name given by ancient naturalists to 
a fossil, called by Dr. Hill, pyricubium. 
AM-PHI-THe'A-TRE, } 77. [Gr. apcpidearpov.] An edifice 
AM-PHI-THe'A-TER, I in an oval or circular form, hav- 
ing its area encompassed with rows of seats, rising higher 
as they recede from the area, on which people used to sit 
to view the combats of gladiators and of wild beasts, and 
other sporti^. 

AM-PHI-THe'A-TRAL, a. Resembling an amphitheatre. 
Tooke. \ 

AM-PHI-THE-ATTvI-€AL, a. Pertaining to, or exhibited 
in, an amphitheatre. Warton. 

AM'PIII-TRTTE, 77. [Gr. ap(piTpiTr}.] A genus of marine 
animals, of the Linnean order mollusca. 

AM'PHOR, ) n. [L. amphora.] Among the Greeks and 
AM'PHO-RA, \ Romans, a liquid measure. 

AM'PLE, a. [Fr. ample ; L. ampins.] 1. Large ; wide ; 
spacious •, extended ; as, ample room. 2. Great in bulk, 
or size. Shak. 3. Liberal ; unrestrained ; without par- 
simony ; fully suflicient ; as, ample justice. 4. Liberal ; 
magnificent; us, ample promises. 5. Diffusive ; not brief 
or contracted ; as, an ample narrative. 

AM'PLE-NESy, 77. Largeness ; spaciousness ; sufficiency ; 
abundance. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— F aB, FALL, WHAT j—PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete 


AN 


33 


ANA 


AM-PLEX^I-€AUL, a, [L. amplexor,'] In botany, surround- 
ing, or embracing the stem, as the base of a leaf. 

AM'PLI-ATE, V. t. [L. amplio.'] To enlarge ; to make 
greater ; to extend. [Little used.'] 

AM-PLI-a'TION, n. 1. Enlargement; amplification ; dif- 
fuseness. [Little used.] — 2. In Roman antiquity, a defer- 
ring to pass sentence. 

AM-PLIF'1-€ATE, V. t. [L. amplifico.] To enlarge ; to 
amplify. 

AM-PLIF-I-€a'TION, n. [L. amplificatio.] 1. Enlarge- 
ment ; extension. — 2. In rhetoric, diffusivei^escription, 
or discussion ; exaggerated representation ;'^ifiuse nar- 
rative, or a dilating upon all the particulars of a subject. 

AMTLI-FIED, pp. Enlarged; extended. 

AM'PLI-FI-ER, 71. One who amplifies or enlarges. 

AMTLI-FY, V. t. [Fr. amplifier •, L. amplijico.] 1. To en- 
large ; to augment ; to increase or extend — 2. In rhetoric^ 
to enlarge in discussion, or by representation ; to treat 
copiously, so as to present the subject in every view. 3. 
To enlarge by addition. 

AMTLI-FY, V. i. 1. To speak largely, or copiously ; to be 
diifuse in argument or description ; to dilate upon. 2. 
To exaggerate ; to enlarge by representation or descrip- 
tion. 

AM'PLI-FY-ING, ppr. Enlarging ; exaggerating ; diftu- 
swely treating. 

AMTLf-TUDE, n. [L. amplitudo.] 1. Largeness ; ex- 
tent, applied to bodies. 2. Largeness ; extent of capa- 
city, or intellectual powers. 3. Extent of means or 
power ; abundance ; sufficiency. — Amplitude, in astrono- 
my, is an arch of the horizon intercepted between the 
ast and west point, and the centre of the sun or star at 
its rising or setting. — Amplitude of the range, in projec- 
tiles, is the horizontal line subtending the path of a body 
thrown, or the line which measures the distance it has 
moved. — Magnetical amplitude is the arch of the horizon 
between the sun or a star, at rising or setting, and the 
east or west point of the horizon, by the compass. Encyc. 

AM'PLY, adv. Largely ; liberally ; fully ; sufficiently ; co- 
piously ; in a diffusive manner. 

AM'PU-TATE, V. t. [L. amputo.] 1. To prune branches 
of trees or vines ; to cut off. 2. To cut off a limb or other 
part of an animal body ; a term of surgery. 

AM'PU-TA-TED, pp. Cut off ; separated from the body. 

A^FPU-TA-TING, ppr. Cutting off a limb or part of the 
body. 

AM-PCJ-T action, 71. [L. amputatio.] The act or operation 
of cutting off a limb or some part of the body. 

AM^U-LET, n. [L. amuletum.] Something worn as a rem- 
edy or preservative against evils or mischief, such as dis- 
eases and witchcraft. Amulets, in days of ignorance, 
were common. 

AM-UR-COST-TY, n. The quality of lees. 

A-MuSE', V. t. [Fr. anmse^\] 1. To entertain the mind 
agreeably ; to occupy or detain attention with agreeable 
objects, whether by singing, conversation, or a show of 
curiosities. 2. To detain ; to engage the attention by 
hope or expectation. 

A-MuS'ED, (a-muzd') pp. Agreeably entertained ; having 
the mind engaged by something pleasing. 

A-MuSE'MENT, n. That which amuses, detains, or enga- 
ges the mind ; entertainment of the mind ; pastime ; a 
pleasurable occupation of the senses, or that which fur- 
nishes it, as dancing, sports, or music. 

A-MuS'ER, 71. One who amuses, or affords an agreeable 
entertainment to the mind. 

A-MCS'ING, ppr. or a. Entertaining; giving moderate 
pleasure to the mind, so as to engage it ; pleasing. 

A-xMuS'ING-LY, adv. In an amusing manner. 

A-Mu'SIVE, a. That has the power to amuse or entertain 
themind. 

A-Mu SIVE-LY, adv. In an amusive manner. 

A-MYG'DA-LATE, a. [L. ajnygdalus.] Made of almonds. 

A-MYG'DA-LATE, n. An emulsion made of almonds ; 
milk of almonds. 

A-MYG'DA-LINE, a. Pertaining to or resembling the al- 
mond. 

A-MYG'DA-LTTE, n. A plant ; a species of spurge. 

A-MYG'DA-LOID, n. [Gr. apvySaXea.] Toad-stone. 

A-INIYG'DA-LOID-AL, a. Pertaining to amygdaloid. 

AM-Y-La'CEOUS, a. [L. amylum^ Pertaining to starch, 
or the farinaceous part of grain ; resembling starch. 

AM'Y-LINE, 71. [L amylum.] A farinaceous substance 
between gum and starch 

AM Y-RALD-ISM, n. In church history, the doctrine of 
universal grace, as explained by Amyraldus. 

A-MYZ'TLI, 71. A Mexican name of the sea-lion. 

AN, a. [Sax. an, ane, one; D. een; Ger. ein ; Sw. and 
Dan. en ; Fr. on, un, une ; Sp. un, uno / It. uno, una / L. 
units, una, unum ; Gr. ev ; Ir. ein, ean, aon ,* W. un, yn.] 
One ; noting an individual ; either definitely, known, cer- 
tain, specified, or understood ; or indefinitely, not certain, 
knownj or specified. Definitely ; as, “ Noah built an ark 
of gopher wood.” “ Paul was an eminent apostle.” In- 


definitely', as, “ Bring me an orange.” Before a conso- 
nant, the letter n is dropped ; as, a man. 

AN, in old English authors, signifies if j as, “ an it please 
your honor.” 

a'NA, dd, or d. [Gr. ava.] In m edical prescriptions , it sig- 
nifies an equal quantity of the several ingredients ; as, 
wine and honey, ana, dd, or a § ii. that is, of wine and 
honey each two ounces. 

a'NA, as a terniyiation, is annexed to the names of authors 
to denote a collection of their memorable sayings. M'hus, 
Scaligerana is a book containing the sayings of Scaliger. 
It was used by the Romans, as in Collectaneus, collected, 
gathered. 

AN-A-BAP'TISM, n. The doctrine of the Anabaptists. 

AN-A-BAP'TIST, n. [Gr. ava and paTtTicrrjs.] One who 
holds the doctrine of the baptism of adults, or of the inva- 
lidity of infant baptism, and the necessity of rebaptiza 
tion in an adult age. 

AN-A-BAP-TIST'1€, ) a. Relating to the Anabaptists, 

AN-A-BAP-TIST'I-€AL, ) or to their doctrines. 

AN-A-BAP'TIST-RY, n. The sect of Anabaptists. 

f AN-A-BAP-TIZE', v. t. To rebaptize. Whitlock. 

ANA€A, n. A species of paroquet, about the size of a 
lark. 

AN-A-GAMP'TI€, a. [Gr. ava and xa//7rrw.] Reflecting cr 
reflected. 

AN-A-€AMP'TI€S, n. The doctrine of reflected light. Hoc 
Catoptrics. 

AN-A-C A RADIUM, n. The cashew-nut, or marking nut. 

AN-A-CA-THaR'TIC, a. [Gr. ava and KaOapcig.] Thro^y- 
ing upwards ; cleansing, by exciting vomiting, expecto- 
ration, &c. 

AN-A-CA-THAR'TI€, n. A medicine which excites dis- 
charges by the mouth or nose. 

AN-A-CEPH-A-LAI-O'SIS, n. [Gr. avaKe^a\duo<yi<;.] Re- 
capitulation of the heads of a discourse. 

AN-ACH'O-RET. See Anchoret. 

AN-A-CHO-RETT-CAL, a. Relating to an anachoret, or 
• anchoret. 

AN-ACH'RO-NISM, n. [Gr. ava and ^povog.] An error in 
computing time ; any error in chronology. 

AN-ACH-RO-NIS'TIC, a. Erroneous in date ; containing 
an anachronism. Warton. 

AN-A-CLAS'TIC, a. [Gr. ava and /cXacuf.] Refracting ; 
breaking the rectilinear course of light. 

AN-A-CLAS^TICS, n. That part of optics which treats of 
the refraction of light, commonly called dioptrics, which 
see. 

AN-A-COE-No^SIS, n. [Gr. avaKoivwatg.] A figure of rhet- 
oric, by which a speaker applies to his opponents for their 
opinion on the point in debate. 

AN-A-€OND'A, n. A name given in Cevlon to a large 
snake, a species of boa. 

A-NAG-RE-ON'TIG, a. Pertaining to Anacreon. 

A-NA€-RE-ON'TI€, n. A poem composed in the manner 
of Anacreon. 

AN'A-DeME, n. [Gr. avaSijpa.] A chaplet or crown of 
flowers. W. Browne. 

AN-A-DI-PLo^SIS, 77. [Gr. ava and ^iTrXoof.] Duplication, 
a figure in rhetoric and poetry, consisting in the repeti- 
tion of the last word or words in a line or clause of a sen- 
tence, in the beginning of the next. 

A-NAD'RO-BIOUS, a. [Gr. ova and ^popog.] Ascending ; a 
word applied to such fish as pass from the sea into fresh 
waters, at stated seasons. 

AN'A-GLYPH, ??. [Gr. ava and yXu(^w.] An ornament 
made by sculpture. 

AN-A-GLYP'TIG, a. Relating to the art of carvung, en- 
graving, enchasing, or embossing plate. 

AN'A-GO-GE, or AN'A-GO-GY, 77. [Gr. avayuiyr].] An ele- 
vation of mind to things celestial ; the spiritual meaning 
or application of words. 

I AN-A-GO-GET'I-GAL, a. Mysterious. 

AN-A-GOG'I-€AL, a. Mysterious ; elevated ; spiritual. 

AN-A-G06'I-GAL-LY, adv. In a mysterious sense ; witli 
religious elevation. 

AN-A-GOG'I€S, n. Mysterious considerations. 

AN'A-GRAM, n. [Gr. ava and ypappa.] A transposition of 
the letters of a name, by which a new word is formed. 
Thus Qalenus becomes angelus ; William A^oy, (attorney 
general to Charles I., a laborious man,) may be turned 
into / movl in law. 

AN-A-GRAM-MAT'I€, 

AN-A-GRAM-MAT>I-€AL, , 

AN-A-GRAM-MATa-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an 
anagram. 

AN-A-GRAM'MA-TISM, 7i. The act or practice of making 
anagrams. Camden. 

AN-A-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. A maker of anagrams. 

AN-A-GRAM'XIA-TlZE, v. i. To make anagrams 

AN'A-GROS, 77. A measure of grain in Spain, containing 
something less than two bushels. 


j a. Making an anagram. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; Cll as SII ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 

3’ * 


ANA 


34 ANC 


A'NAL, a. [L. a?itt5.J Pertaining to the anus 

A-NAL'CIM, ) n. Cubic zeolite, found in aggregated or 

A-NALCIME, j cubic crystals. 

AN'A-LECTS, n. [Gr. ava and Xeyw.] A collection of 
short essays, or remarks. Enc.yc. 

AN'A-LEM-MA, n. [Gr. avaX> 7 /i/ia.] 1. In geometry, a 
projection of the sphere on the plane of the meridian, or- 
thographically made by straight lines, circles, and ellip- 
ses, the eye being supposed at an infinite distance, and 
in the east or west points of the horizon. 2. An instru- 
ment of wood or brass, on which this kind of projection is 
drawn. 

AN-A-LEP'SIS, 71. [Gr. avaX77i^tf.] The augmentation or 
nutrition of an emaciated body ; recovery of strength af- 
ter a disease. 

AN-A-LEP'TIG, a. Corroborating ; invigorating ; giving 
strength after disease. 

AN-A-LEP'TI€, n. A medicine which gives strength j a 
restorative. 

f AN-AL'O-GAL, a. Analogous. Hale. 

AN-A-LOC'I-CAL, a. Having analogy ; used by way of 
analogy ; bearing some relation. 

AN-A-LOG'I-CAL-LY, adv. In an analogical manner; by 
way of similitude, relation, or agreement. 

AN-A-LOC'I-€AL-IS'ESS, n. The quality of being analogi- 
cal. 

AN-AL'O-GISM, 71. [Gr. ava\oyiciiog.'] An argument from 
the cause to the effect. Johnson. Investigation of things 
by the analogy they bear to each other. Crahbe, 

AN-AL'O-GIST, n. One who adheres to analogy. 

AN-AL'O-GiZE, v. t. To explain by analogy ; to form 
some resemblance between different things ; to consider 
a thing with regard to its analogy to something else. 

A-NAL'O-GOUS, a. Having analogy ; bearing some resem- 
blance or proportion. 

A-NAL'O-GOUS-LY, adv. In an analogous manner. 

A-NAL'O-GY, n. [Gr. avaXoyta.] 1. An agreement or 
likeness between things in some circumstances or effects, 
when the y?ings are otherwise entirely different. 2. 
With grammarians, analogy is a conformity of words to 
the genius, structure, or general rules of a language. 

A-NAL'Y-SIS, 71. [Gr. amXutrtf.] 1. The separation of a 
compound body into its constituent parts ; a resolving. 
2. A consideration of any thing in its separate parts ; an 
examination of the different parts of a subject, each sepa- 
rately. It is opposed to synthesis. — In mathematics, anal- 
ysis is the resolving of problems by algebraic equations. — 
In logic, analysis is the tracing of things to their source, 
and the resolving of knowledge into its original princi- 
ples. 3. A syllabus, or table of the principal heads of a 
continued discourse, disposed in their natTiral order. 4. 
A brief, methodical illustration of the principles of a 
science. — In this sense, it is nearly synonymous with 
synopsis. 

AN'A-LYST, 71. One who analyzes, or is versed in analy- 
sis. Kirwan. 

AN-A-LYTff€, 1 a. Pertaining to analysis ; that re- 

AN-A-LYTff-€AL, j solves into first principles ; that 
separates into parts, or original principles ; that resolves 
a compound body or subject. It is opposed to synthetic. 

AN-A-LYT'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of analysis. 

AN-A-LYT'I€S, n. The science of analysis. 

AN^A-LYZE, V. t. [Gr. avaXeo).] To resolve a body into 
its elements ; to separate a compound subject into its 
parts or propositions, for the purpose of an examination 
of each separately. 

AN'A-LYZEI), pp. Resolved into its constituent parts or 
principles, for examination. 

AN'A-LYZ-ER, n. One who analyzes ; that which ana- 
lyzes, or has the power to analyze. 

AN^A-LYZ-ING, pp-. Resolving into elements, constituent 
parts, or first principles. 

* AN-A-MORPH'O-SIS, n. [Gr. ava and popcfxoaig.] In per- 
spective drawings, a deformed or distorted portrait or fig- 
ure, which, in one point of view, is confused or unintel- 
ligible, and, in another, is an exact and regular representa- 
tion. 

A-Na'NAS, n. The name of a species of pine-apple. 

AX/A-PEST, «. [Gr . ava and -ratw.] In poetry, a foot, con- 
sisting of three syllables, the two first short, the last long. 

AN-A-PEST'I€, 71. The anapestic measure. 

AX-A-PEST'IC, a. Pertaining to an anapest , consisting of 
anapestic feet. 

A-NAPIPO-RA, 71 . [Gr. from 1. A figure in 

rhetoric, when the same word or words are repeated at 
the beginning of two or more succeeding verses or clauses 
of a sentence. — 2. Among physicians, the discharge of 
blood, or purulent matter by the mouth. 

AN-A-PLE-ROT^IG, a. [Gr. avaTrXppow.] Filling up ; sup- 
plying or renovating flesh. 

AN-A-PLE-ROT'I€, n. A medicine which renews flesh or 
wasted parts. Coxe. 


AN'AR€H, 77. The author of confusion ; one who excites 
revolt. Milton 

A-NARCH'I€, ) a. Without rule or government ; in a 
A-NAR€H/I-€AL, \ state of confusion ; applied to a state 
or society. Fielding uses anarchial. 
f AN'ARCII-ISM, 71. Confusion. 

AN'AR€H-IST, n. An anarch ; one who excites revolt, or 
promotes disorder in a state 

AN^AR€H-Y, 71. [Gr. avap;^m.] Want of government ; a 
state of society when there is no law or supreme power, 
or when tjge laws are not efficient f political confusion. 
A-NAR'HI-CHAS, n. The sea wolf. 

A'NAS, n. [L.j A genus of water fowl. 

AN-A-SAR'€A, n. [Gr. ava and cap^.] A species of drop- 
sy, from a serous humor spread between the skin and 
flesh. 

AN-A-SAR'€OUS, a. Belonging to anasarca, or dropsy ; 
dropsical. 

A-NAS-TO-MAT'IC, a. Having the quality of removing 
obstructions. 

A-NAS'TO-MOSE, v. i. [Gr. ava and aropa.] To inoscu- 
late ; to unite the mouth of one vessel witli another, as 
the arteries with the veins. 

A-NAS-TOM'O-SY, or A-NAS-TO-Mo'SIS, ti. The inoscu- 
lation of vessels, or the opening of one vessel into another, 
as an artery into a vein ; the communication of two ves- 
sels, as a vein with a vein. 

A-NAS-TO-MOT'IC, a. Opening the mouths of vessels, or 
removing obstructions. 

A-NAS-TO-MOT'I€, n. A medicine supposed to have the 
power of opening the mouths of vessels, and promoting 
circulation. 

A-NAS'TRO-PHE, 1 n. [Gr. avaarpo^j].] In rhetoric and 
A-NAS'TRO-PHY, | grammar, an inversion of the natu- 
ral order of words. 

AN'A-TASE, 7J. \Gr. avaracig.'] Octahedrite ; octahedral 
oxyd of titanium a mineral that shows a variety of col- 
ors by reflected light. 

A-NATH'E-MA, n. [Gr. avaOepa.] Excommunication with 
curses. Hence, a curse or denunciation by ecclesiastical 
authority, accompanying excommunication. 
A-NATH-E-MAT'I-GAL, a. Pertaining to anathema. 
A-NATH-E-MATff-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of anath 
ema. 

AN-A-THEM-A-TI-ZA'TION, n. The act of anathematiz 
ing. Encyc. 

A-XATH[E-MA-TIZE, v, t. To excommunicate with a de- 
nunciation of curses ; to pronounce an anathema against 
Hammond. 

A-NATH^E-MA-TISM, n. Excommunication. Tooker. 
A-NATH'E-MA-TIZED, pp. Excommunicated with curses 
A-NATH'E-MA-TiZ-ER, n. One who anathematizes. 
A-NATH'E-MA-TiZ-ING, ppr. Pronouncing an anathema 
AX-A-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. anas and /cro.j Producing 
ducks. Brown. 

A-NAT'O-CISM, 71. [L. anatocismus.'] Interest upon inter- 
est ; the taking of compound interest. {Rarely used.] 
AN-A-TOM'I-€AL, a. Belonging to anatomy or dissec- 
tion ; relating to the parts of the body when dissected or 
separated. 

AN-A-TOM'I-€AL-LY, adv. In an anatomical manner ; by 
means of dissection. 

A-NAT'O-MIST, n. One who dissects bodies ; one who is 
skilled in the art of dissection, or versed in the doctrine 
and principles of anatomy. 

A-NAT'O-MiZE, v. t. To dissect an animal ; to divide in- 
to the constituent parts, for the purpose of examining 
each by itself ; to lay open the interior structure of the 
parts of a body or subject. 

A-XAT'O-MiZED, pp. Dissected, as an animal body 
A-NAT'O-MTZ-IXG, ppr. Dissecting. 

A-NAT'O-MY, 71. [Gr. avar opr].] 1. The art of dissecting, 
or artificially separating, the different parts of an animal 
body, to discover their situation, structure, and economy. 

2. The doctrine of the structure of the body, learned by 
dissection. 3. The act of dividing any thing, corporeal 
or intellectual, for the purpose of examining its parts. 4. 
The body stripped of its integuments ; a skeleton ; an im- 
proper use of the word. 5. Ironically , a meager person. 

AX-A-TREP'T1€, a. [Gr. avaTptnio.] Overthrowing; de- 
feating ; prostrating. 

AN'A-TRON, n. [Gr. virpov.] 1. Soda, or mineral fixed 
alkali. 2. Spume, or glass gall, a scum which rises upon 
melted glass, in the furnace, and, when taken off, dis- 
solves in the air, and then coagulates into common salt. 

3. The salt which collects on the walls of vaults. 
AN'BU-RY, 71. A disease in turneps, or an injury occasion- 
ed by a fly. 

AN'CES-TOR, 71. [Fr. ancestres ; "L. antecessor.] One from 
wfliom a person descends, either by the father or mother, 
at any distance of time, in the tenth or hundredth gene- 
ration. An ancestor precedes in the order of nature or 
blood ; a predecessor in the order of office. 


» See Synopsis. A,. £, I, o, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


AND 


35 


ANG 


* AN-CES'TRAL, a. Relating or belonging to ancestors ; 

claimed or descending from ancestors. 

AN'CES-TRY, n. A series of ancestors or progenitors ; 
lineage, or those who compose the line of natural descent. 
Hence, birth, or honorable descent. 
aN'CHEN-TRY. See Ancientry. 

AN'€Hl-LOPS, n. [Gr. atytXwi//.] The goat’s eye ; an ab- 
scess in the inner angle of the eye j an incipient fistula 
lachrymalis^ 

AN'CHOR, n, [L. anchora.l 1. An iron instrument for 
liolding a ship or other vessel at rest in water. — Jit 
anchor is when a ship rides by her ai^or. Hence, 
to lie or ride at anchor. — To cast anchor^ or to anchor ^ is 
to let go an anchor, to keep a ship at rest. — To weigh 
anchor is to heave or raise the anchor out of the ground. 

2. In a figurative sense ^ that which gives stability or se- 
curity ; that on which we place dependence for safety. — 

3. In architecture^ anchors are carved work, somewhat 
resembling an anchor. — In heraldry^ anchors are emblems 
of hope. 

AN'GHOR, V. t. 1. To place at anchor ; to moor. 2. To 
fix or fasten on , to fix in a stable condition. 

AN'GHOR, V. i. 1. To cast anchor j to come to anchor. 2. 

To stop ; to fix or rest on. 
f AN/GHOR-A-BLE, a. Fit for anchorage. 

AN'€H0R-AGE, n. 1. Anchor-ground; a place where a ship 
can anchor. 2. The hold of a ship at anchor, or rather 
the anchor and all the necessary tackle for anchoring. 3. 
A duty imposed on ships for anchoring in a harbor. 
AN'GHORED, pp. Lying or riding at anchor ; held by an 
anchor ; moored ; fixed in safety. 

AN'€HO-RESS, n. A female anchoret. 

AN^€HO-RET, or AN'GHO-RITE, n. [Gr. ava)(^u)pr}Tr]S. 
Written by some authors, anachoret.] A hermit ; a re- 
cluse ; one who retires from society into a desert or soli- 
tary place, to avoid the temptations of the world, and de- 
vote himself to religious duties. 

AN'ClIOR-GROUND, n. Ground suitable for anchoring. 
AN'€HOR-HOLD, n. The hold or fastness of an anchor ; 
security. 

AN'€HOR-ING, ppr. Mooring ; coming to anchor ; casting 
anchor. 

AN'GHOR-SMITH, n. A maker of anchors. 

^ AN-CHO'VY, i n. [Port, and Sp. anchova.] A small fish, 

* AN CHO-VY, i caught, in vast numbers, in the Medi- 
terranean, and used as a sauce or seasoning 

AN-CHO'VY-PEaR, n. A fruit of Jamaica * 
♦aN'CIENT, a. (Usually pronounced, most anomalously, 
Qncient.) [Fr. ancien.] 1. Old ; that happened or ex- 
isted in former times, usually at a great distance of 
time ; as, ancient authors, ancient days. 2. Old ; that 
has been of long duration ; as, an ancient city. 3. 
Known from ancient times ; as the ancient continent, op- 
posed to the new continent. 

♦AN^CIENT, n. Generally used in the plural, ancients. 
1. Those who lived in former ages, opposed to moderns . — 
In Scripture^ very old men. Also, governors, rulers, po- 
litical and ecclesiastical. Hooker uses the word for sen- 
iors. 2. Ancient is also used for a flag or streamer, in a 
ship of war. 

* aN'CIENT-LY, adv. In old times ; in times long since 
past. 

* aN'CIENT-NESS, 71. The state of being ancient ; anti- 
quity ; existence from old times. 

* AN'CIENT-RY, n. Dignity of birth ; the honor of ancient 
lineage. Shak. 

t aN'CIENT-Y, 71. Age; antiquity. Martin. 

* aNCIENT-Y, 77. In some old English statutes and au- 
thors, eldership^ or seniority. 

AN-Ci'LE, n. [L.] The ancient shield of the Romany. 
AN'CIL-LA-RY, a. [L. ancilla.] Pertaining to a maid-ser- 
vant, or female service ; subservient as a maid-ser^nt. 
AN-CIP'I-TAL, a. [L. anceps.] Doubtful, or double ; dou- 
ble-faced or double-formed. 

AN'GOME, n. A small ulcerous swelling, coming suddenly. 
Boucher. 

AN^GON, 71. [L. ancon.~\ The olecranon, the upper end of 
tiie ulna, or elbow. Coxe. 

AN'GoNE, n. [L. ancon.'] In architecture, the corner of a 
wall, cross-beam, or rafter. 

AN'GO-NY, 77. In iron works, a piece of half- wrought iron, 
in the shape of a bar in the middle, but rude and un- 
wrought at the ends. 

AND, coTjj. [Sax. and; Ger. und.] And is a conjunction, 
connective, or conjoining word. It signifies that a 
word or part of a sentence is to be added to what pre- 
cedes. Thus, give me an apple and an orange ; that is, 
give me an apple, add, or give, in addition to that, an or- 
ange. 

t AN^DA-BA-TISM, n. Uncertainty. 

AN'DA-LU-SITE, n. A massive mineral, of a flesh or rose 
red color. 

AN-DAN<TE, [It.] In music, a word used to direct to a 
movement moderately slow, between largo and allegro. 


AN^DA-RAG, n. Red orpiment. Coze. 

AN'DE-AN, a. Pertaining to the Andes. 

AN-Dl'RA, 77. A species of bat in Brazil. 

AND'I-RON, (and-l'-urn) n. [Teutonic, andena, or andela , 
Sax. brand-i^en.'] An iron utensil, used, in Great Britain, 
where coal is the common fuel, to support the ends of a 
spit ; but, in America, used to support the wood in fire 
places 

AN-DO-RIN'HA, n. The Brazilian swallow. 

AN-DRA-NAT'O-MY, n. [Gr. avrjp, av6pog.~\ The d. ssec- 
tion of a human body, especially of a male 

AN^DRE-O-LITE, n. A mineral, the harmotome, or cross- 
stone 

AN-DROG'Y-NAL, or AN-DROGW-NOUS, a. [Gr. avrjp 
and yvvrj.] Having two sexes ; being male and female ; 
hermaphroditical. — In botany, the name is applied u 
plants which bear both male and female flowers froiii 
the same root. 

AN-DROG'Y-NAL-LY, adv. With the parts of both sexes. 

AN-DROG'Y-NUS, n. A hermaphrodite. Johnson. 

AN^DROID, 77. [Gr. avyp and a5oj.] A machine in the hu 
man form, which, by certain springs, performs some of 
the natural motions of a living man. 

AN-DROM'E-DA, n. A northern constellation, behind Peg 
asus, Cassiopeia, and Perseus. 

AN-DROPH'A-GI, n. [Gr. avnp and epayw.'] Man-eaters 
but the word is little used, being superseded by anthro 
pophagi. 

A-NeAR', prep. Near. Atterhury. 

AN'EG-DOTE, n. [Gr. a and ckSotos. | In its original sense, 
secret history, or facts not generally known. But in more 
common usage, a particular or detached incident or fact 
of an interesting nature ; a biographical incident ; a sin- 
gle passage of private life. 

AN-EG-DOTT-GAL, a. Pertaining to anecdotes. 

t A-NeLE', V. t. [Sax. cell.] To give extreme unction. 

AN-E-MOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. aveyog and ypacprj.] A de- 
scription of the winds. 

AN-E-MOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. avepog and 'Xoyog.'] The doctrine 
of winds, or a treatise on the subject 

AN-E-MOM^E-TER, n. [Gr. avcyog and /i/erpcw.] An in- 
strument or machine for measuring the force and veloci- 
ty of the wind. 

A-NEM^O-NE, ) n. [Gr. avepwvrj.] Wind-flower ; a genus 

A-NEM^O-NY, I of plants of numerous species. — Sea- 
Anemone. See Animal Flower. 

* A-NEM'O-SGOPE, n. [Gr. avepog and cKonew.] A ma- 
chine which shows the course or velocity of the wind. 

A-NENT', prep. About ; concerning ; over against : a Scot- 
tish word. 

aNES, or AWNS, n. The spires or beards of corn. 

AN'EU-Rlsivi, 77. [Gr. ava and cupuTO).] A preternatural 
dilatation or rupture of the coats of an artery. 

AN-EU-RIS'MAL^ a. Pertaining to an aneurism. 

A-NEW', adv. Over again ; another time ; in a new form , 
as, to create anew. 

A-NEWST', or A-NEUST', adv. Nearly ; almost. 

AN-FRAG'TU-OUS, a. [L. anfractus.] Winding ; full of 
windings and turnings ; written less correctly, anfractu- 
ose. Ray. 

AN-FRAG-TU-OS^I-TY, ) 77. A state of being full of 

AN-FRAG'TU-OUS-NESS, \ windings and turnings. 

AN-FRAG'TURE, n. A mazy winding. 

AN-GA-RI-a^TION, 77. [L. angario.] Compulsion , exer- 
tion. 

AN-GEI-OT'O-MY. See Angiotomy. 

* aN'GEL, 77. (Usually pronounced angel, but most anoma- 
lously.) [L. angelus ; Gr. ayye\og.] 1. Literally, a mes- 
senger ; one employed to communicate news or informa- 
tion from one person to another at a distance. 2. A 
spirit, or a spiritual, intelligent being, employed by God 
to communicate liis will to man. 3. In a bad sense, an 
evil spirit ; as, the angel of the bottomless pit. 4. Christ, 
the Mediator and Head of the church. Rev. x. 5. A 
minister of the gospel, who is an embassador of God. 
Rev. ii. and iii. 6. Any being whom God employs to 
execute his judgments. Rev. xvi. 7. In the style of 
love, a very beautiful person. Shak. 

* aN^GEL, 77. A fish found on the coast of Carolina. 

* AN'GEL, 77. A gold coin formerly current in England, 
bearing the figure of an angel. 

aN'GEL, (7. Resembling angels ; angelic. Shak. 

* aN^GEL-aGE, n. The existence or state of angels. 

* aN'GEL-FISH, n. A species of shark. 

AN-GEL'IG, or AN-GEL'l-GAL, a. [L. avgelicus.'J Re- 
sembling angels ; belonging to angels, or partaking of 
their nature ; suiting the nature and dignity of angels. 

AN-GEL'I-GA, n. A genus of digynian pentanders, con 
taining several species. 

AN-GEL'I-GAL-LY, adv. Like an angel. 

AN-GEL'1-GAL-NESS, 77. The quality of being angelic ; 
excellence more than human. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— B[JLL, UNITE ;— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obwletf 


ANG 


36 


ANI 


AN' 6 EL-TTES, n. In church history, a sect so called from 
Angelicum in Alexandria, where they held their first 
meetings. 

aN'(jEL-LIKE, a. Resembling, or having the manners of 
angels. 

aN-GEL-OL'0-6Y, n. A discoui*se on angels ; or the doc- 
trine of angelic beings. Ch. Spectator. 

AN'GE-LOT, n. [Fr. anche.] 1. An instrument of music, 
somewhat resembling a lute. 2. An ancient English 
coin. A small, rich sort of cheese. 

aN'GEL-SHOT, n. [Fr. ange.'] Chain-shot, being two 
halves of a cannon ball fastened to the ends of a chain. 

aX'OtEL-WINGED, a. Winged like angels. 

aN'GEL-WOR-SHIP, n. The worshiping of angels. 

AX'GER, (ang'-ger) n. [L. angor.'] 1. A violent passion 
of the mind, excited by a real or supposed injury j usually 
accompanied with a propensity to take vengeance, or to 
obtain satisfaction from the offending party. 2. Pain ; 
smart of a sore or swelling ; the literal sense of the word, 
but little used. 

AN'GER, V. t. 1. To excite anger *, to provoke \ to rouse 
resentment. 2. To make painful j to cause to smart ; to 
inflame. 

AN'GER-LY, adv. In an angry manner j more generally 
written angrily. 

t AX'GER-XRSS, n. The state of being angry. 

AN-GPNA, 71. [L. from ango.] A quinsy j an inflamma- 
tion of the throat ; a tumor impeding respiration. 

AN-GFNA PE€'-T0-RIS. An anomalous or spasmodic af- 
fection of the chest and organs of respiration *, or a dis- 
ease of the heart. Coze. 

AN-GI-OG RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ayyciov and ypa<pt}.] A de- 
scription of the vessels in the human body. 

AN-Gl-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. ayyeiov and Xoyo?.] A treatise 
or discourse on the vessels of the human body. 

AN-GI-O-MON-O-SPERM/QUS, a. [Gr. ayyeiov, povog, 
and cnrepfjia.] Producing one seed only in a pod. 

AX'Gl-O-SPERM, n. [Gr. ayyeiov and cneppa.] In botany, 
a plant which has its seeds inclosed in a pericarp. 

AX-GI-O-SPERM'OUS, a. Having seeds inclosed in a pod 
or other pericarp. 

AX-Gl-OT'O-MY, n. [Gr. ayyeiov and repvu).] The open- 
ing of a vessel, whether a vein or an artery, as in bleeding. 

AX'GLE, n. [Fr. angle.] In popular language, the point 
where two lines meet, or the meeting of two lines in a 
point ; a corner. In geometry, the space comprised be- 
tween two straight lines that meet in a point, or between 
two straight converging lines, which, if extended, would 
meet ; or the quantity by which two straight lines, de- 
parting from a point, diverge from each other. The 
point of meeting is the vertex of the angle, and the lines 
containing the angle are its sides or legs. 

AN'GLE, n. A hook ; an instrument to take fish, consist- 
ing of a rod, a line and a hook, or a line and hook. 

AX'GLE, V. i. 1. To fish with an angle, or with line and 
hook. 2. V. t. or i. To fish for ; to try to gain by some 
bait or insinuation, as men angle for fish. 

AN'GLED, a. Having angles — used only in compounds. 

AN'GLER, n. One that fishes with an angle *, also, a fish, 
a species of lophius. 

AN'GLE-ROD, n. The rod or pole to which a line and 
hook are fastened. 

AX'GLES, 71. [L. Angli.] A people of Germany, from 
whom the name of England was derived. 

AX'GLIO, I a. [from .Angles.] English ; pertaining to 

AX GLI-OAN, \ England or the English nation. 

AX'GLT-CISM, 71. An English idiom *, a form of language 
peculiar to the English. Milton. 

AX'GLI-CIZE, V. t. To make English ; to render conform- 
able to the English idiom. 

AN G LIXG, ppr. Fishing with an angle. 

AX'GLTXG, 71. A fishing with a rod and line. 

AX-GLO-Da'XISH, a. Pertaining to the English Danes, or 
the Danes who settled in England. 

AX-GLO-XORM'AN, a. Pertaining to the English Xor- 
mans. Wotton. 

AX-(JLO-SAX'ON, a. Pertaining to the Saxons who settled 
in England, or English Saxons. 

AX^-GLO-SAX'OX, n. A kind of pear ; also the language 
of the English Saxons. 

AN-G 6 'LA-PEA, or PIG'EOX-PEA. A species of cytisus. 

AX"'GOR, 71. [L.] 1. Pain ; intense bodily pain. 2. The 

retiring of the native bodily heat to the centre, occasion- 
ing head-ache, palpitation, and sadness. 

AX'GRED, or AN'GERED, pp. Made angry ; provoked. 

AX'GRI-LY, adv. In an angry manner j peevishly ; with 
indications of resentment. 

AX'GRY, a. 1. Feeling resentment ; provoked. 2. Show- 
ing anger ; wearing the marks of anger ; caused by an- 
ger. 3. Inflamed, as a sore ; red ; manifesting inflam- 
mation. 4. Raging •, furious •, tumultuous. 

ANG-Sa'NA, or ANG-Sa'VA, n. A red gum of the East 
Indies, like that of dragon’s blood. 


AN^GU, 77 . Bread made of the cassada plant. 

AX^GUI-FER, 77 . [L. anguis and fero.] In astronomy, a 
cluster of stars in the form of a man holding a serpent j 
Serpentarius, one of the twelve signs of the zodiac. 
AN-GUIL'LA, 71. [L.] In zoology, an eel j also the name 
of a Mediterranean fish. 

AN-GUIL'LI-FORM, a. [L. anguilla and forma.] In the 
form of an eel, or of a serpent. 

AX'GUISH, 77 . [Fr. angoisse.] Extreme pain, either of 
body or mind. 

AX'GUISH, t. To distress with extreme pain or grief. 
Temple. 

AX^GUISHED, pp. Extremely pained j tortured j deeply 
distressed. 

AX'GU-LAR, a. 1. Having an angle, angles, or comers j 
pointed. 2. Consisting of an angle ; forming an angle. 
AN-GU-LAR'I-TY, n. The quality of having an angle or 
corner. 

AN'GU-LAR-LY, adv. With angles or corners j in the di- 
rection of the angles. 

AN'GU-LAR-NESS, n. The quality of being angular. 
AX'GU-LA-TED, a. Formed with angles or corners, 
t AN-GU-LOSa-TY, 77. Angularity. 

AX GU-LOUS, a. Angular ; having corners ; hooked. 

I AX^-GUST^, a. [L. angustus.] Narrow ; straight. 
AN-GUS-T action, 77. [L. angustus.] The act of making 
narrow ; a straightening. 

AN-GUST^I-CEAVE, 77 . [L. angustus.] A robe or tunic 
embroidered with purple studs or knobs, or by purple 
stripes, worn by Roman knights. 

AN-HE-La'TION, 77. [L. auhelo.] Shortness of breath j a 
panting £ difficult respiration. 

AN-HE-LoSE', a. Out of breath ; panting j breathing with 
difficulty. [Little used.] 

AN'HI-MA, 77 . A Brazilian aquatic fowl. 

AN^HY-DRITE, n. A species of sulphate of lime. 
AN-HY'DROUS, a. [Gr. avvSpog.J Destitute of water, 
f AN-I-ENT^ED, a. [It. 7 iientc.J Frustrated ; brought to 
naught. Chaucer. 

A-XiGHT', (a-nite') adv. In the night time. — 6inights, in 
the plural, is used of frequent and customary acts. Shak. 
AX'IL, 77 . [Sp. anil.] A shrub from whose leaves and stalks 
indigo is made ; Indigofera. 

A-X^ILE'NESS, i 77. [L. anilis, anilitas.] The state of being 
A-XIL'I-TY, j an old woman ; the old age of a woman 5 
dotage. 

t AX^'I-MA-BLE, a. Susceptible of animation. 

I AX-I-MAD-VER'SAL, n. That which has the power of 
perceiving. 

AN-I-MAD-VER^SIOX, n. [L. animadversio.] Remarks by 
way of censure or criticism ; reproof ; blame. It may 
sometimes be used for punishment. 
t AX-I-MAD-VER'SIVE, a. That has the power of perceiv 
ing. GlanvUle. 

I AX-I-MAD-VER'SIVE-XESS, 77. The power of animad- 
verting. 

AN-I-MAD-VERT', v. i. [L. animadverto.] 1. To turn the 
mind to ; to consider. 2. To consider or remark upon by 
way of criticism or censure. 3 To inflict punishment. 
AN-I-MAD-VERT'ER, 77. One who animadverts, or makes 
remarks by way of censure. 

AN-I-MAD-VERT'IXG, ppr. Considering ; remarking by 
way of criticism or censure. 

AN'I-MAL, 77. [L.] An organized body, endowed with life 
and the power of voluntary motion ; a living, sensitive, 
locomotive body ; as, man is an intelligent animal. By 
way of contempt, a dull person is called a stupid ani* 
mal. 

AN'I-MAL, a. That belongs or relates to animals. 
AN-I-MAL'CU-LAR, or AN-I-MAL'€U-LINE, a. Relat- 
ing to animalcules. London (Quarterly Review. 
AN-I-MAL'CULE, n. [L. animalculum, animalcula.] A 
little animal *, an animal whose figure cannot be discern- 
ed without tlie aid of a magnifying glass. 
AN'I-MAL-FLOW-ER, n. In zoology, sea-anemone, sea- 
nettle, or xirtica marina. 

AN'I-MAL-ISM, 77. Sensuality, 
t AN-I-MAL'I-TY, n. Animal existence. Smith. 
AX-I-MAL-I-Z action, n. The act of giving animal life, or 
endowing with the properties of an animal. 
AN'I-MAL-iZE, V. t. To give animal life to ; to endow 
with the properties of animals. 

AN'I-MAIi-IZED, pp. Endowed with animal life. 
AN^'I-MAL-lZ-lXG, ppr. Giving animal life to. 
AN'I-MATE, V. t. [L. animo ] 1. To give natural life to ; 

to quicken ; to make alive. 2. To give powers to, or to 
heighten the powers or effect of a thing. 3. To give spirit 
or vigor ; to infuse courage, joy, or other enlivening pas- 
sion ; to stimulate or incite. 

AN'I-MATE, a. Alive; possessing animal life. [Used 
chiefly in poetry for aiiimated.] 

AN'I-MA-TED, pp. 1. Being endowed with animal life. 
2. a. Lively ; vigorous ; full of spirit j indicating anima- 
tion. 


See Synopsis. A, E, I, 6, u, Y, Zot 7 ^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT 5 — PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete. 


ANO 


ANN 

AN^I-MA-TING, Giving life ; infusing spirit ; enliven- 
ing. 

AN'I-MA-TING-LY, adv. In an animating manner. 

AN I-Ma'TION, n. 1. The act of infusing life •, the state of 
being animated. 2. The state of being lively, brisk, or 
full of spirit and vigor. 

AN'1-MA-TIVE, a. That has the power of giving life or 
spirit. Johnson, 

AN'I-MA-TOR, 7i. One that gives life ; that which infuses 
life or spirit. 

AN'IME, n. [Fr.] In heraldry, a term denoting that the 
eyes of a rapacious animal are borne of a different tincture 
from the animal himself. 

ANTME, 71. [Sp.] A resin exuding from a tree. 

AN-I-MET^TA, n. Among ecclesiastical loriters, the cloth 
which covers the cup of the eucharist. 

t AN-l-MoSE', a. Full of spirit. 

i AN-I-MoSE'NESS, n. Spirit *, heat. 

AN-I-MOST-TY, n. [L. a7amo6'ita>s.] Violent hatred accom- 
panied with active opposition *, active enmity. 

A-NIN'GA, n. A root growing in the West Indies, like the 
China plant, used in refining sugar. 

ANTSE, 7J. [L. anisum.'] An annual plant, placed by Linne 
under the genus pijnpinella. 

ANTSE SEED, n. The seed of anise. 

ANK'ER, 71. A measure of liquids used in Holland, contain- 
ing about 32 English gallons. 

ANICLE, (ank'kl) n. [Sax. ancleow ; D. enJcel.] The joint 
which connects the foot with the leg. 

ANK'LE-BONE, n. The bone of the ankle. 

ANK^LED, a. Relating to the ankles. 

AN^NAL-IST, 71. A writer of annals. 

AN'NAL-lZE, V. t. To record ; to write annals. [JVbt 
much tised.'l 

AN'NALS, 71. plu. [L. annales.'] 1. A species of history 
digested in order of time, or a relation of events in chro- 
nological order, each event being recorded under the year 
in which it happened. 2. The books containing annals. 

AN'NATS, n. [L. anmis.'] A year’s income of a spiritual 
living. 

AN-NeAL', V. t. [Sax. ancelan.] 1. To heat •, to heat, as 
glass and iron, for the purpose of rendering them less brit- 
tle, or to fix colors. Ash, 2. To temper by heat. 

AN-NeAL'ED, (an-neeld') pp. Heated j tempered ; made 
malleable and less brittle by heat. 

AN-NeALTNG, ppr. Heating ; tempering by heat. 

AN-NEX', V, t, [L. annecto.] 1. To unite at the end ; to 
subjoin, to affix. 2. To unite, as a smaller thing to a 
greater. 3. To unite to something preceding, as the main 
object ; to connect with. 

AN-NEX/, V. i. To join ; to be united. Tookc, 

t AN-NEXy, ??. The thing annexed. Brown. 

AN-NEX-a'TION, n. The act of annexing, or uniting at 
the end j conjunction ; addition *, the act of connecting; 
union. 

AN-NEX'ED, (an-next') pp. Joined at the end ; connected 
with ; affixed. 

AN-NEX'ING, ppr. Uniting at the end ; affixing. 

AN-NEXTON, n. The act of annexing ; annexation ; addi- 
tion. [Little \ised.] 

AN-NEX'MENT, 71. The act of annexing ; the thing an- 
nexed. Shak. 

AN-Ni'HI-LA-BLE, a. That may be annihilated. 

AN-Ni'HT-LATE, v. t. [L. ad and nihilum.] 1. To reduce 
to nothing ; to destroy the existence of. 2. To destroy 
the form or peculiar distinctive properties, so that the 
specific thing no longer exists. 

AN-NFHI-LATE, a. Annihilated. Swift. 

AN-NTTH-LA-TED, pp. Reduced to nothing ; destroyed. 

AN-Ni'HI-LA-TING, pp?*. Reducing to nothing; destroy- 
ing the specific form of. 

AN-NI-HI-La^TION, 71. 1. The act of reducing to nothing 
or non-existence ; or the act of destroying the form or 
combination of parts under which a thing exists, so that 
the name can no longer be applied to it. 2. The state of 
being reduced to nothing. 

AN-Nl-VERS/A-RI-LY, adv. Annually. Hall. 

AN-NI-VERS''A-RY, a. [L. aMnive7’sarius.'\ Returning 
with the year, at a stated time ; annual ; yearly. 

AN-NI-VERS^A-RY, n, 1. A stated day, returning with the 
revolution of the year. The term is applied to a day on 
which some remarkable event is annually celebrated. 2. 
The act of celebration ; performance in honor of an 
event. 

t AN'NI-VERSE, n. Anniversary. 

AN^NO DOMl-Nl. [L.] In the year of our Lord, noting 
the time from our Savior’s incarnation ; as, Anno Domini, 
or A. D. 1800. 

t AN-NOI'SANCE, n. A nuisance. 

AN-NOM-I-N action, n. [L. ad and nominatio.] 1. A 
pun ; the use of words nearly alike in sound, but of dif- 
fereiU meanings ; a paronomasy. 2. Alliteration. 

AN-No'NA, n. [L. annona.] The custard apple, a genus of 
several species. 


37 

AN'NO-TATE, V. i. [L. annoto.] To comment ; to make 
remarks on a writing. Tatler. 

AN-NO-Ta'TION, n. [L. annotatio.'] 1. A remark, note 
or commentary on some pjissage of a book, intended to 
illustrate its meaning. 2. The first symptoms of a fever, 
or attack of a paroxysm. Coze. 

AN'NO-TA-TOR, n. A writer of notes ; a commentator ; a 
scholiast. 

AN-NOT'TA, 71. Orlean, or roucou ; a hard, dry paste. 

AN-NOUNCE', (an-nouns>) v. t. [Fr. annoncer.] l.To pub- 
lish ; to proclaim ; to give notice, or first notice. 2. To 
pronounce ; to declare by judicial sentence. 

AN-NOUNUED, (an-nounst') pp. Proclaimed ; first pub- 
lished. 

AN-NOUNCE'MENT, (an-nouns'’ment) n. The act of giv- 
ing notice ; proclamation ; publication. Month. Mag. 

AN-NOUNUER, 7<. One that announces, or first gives no- 
tice ; a proclaimer. 

AN-NOUN'CING, ppr. Introducing notice ; first publish- 
ing ; proclaiming. 

AN-NOY', V. t. [Norm. an7ioyer.'\ To incommode ; to in- 
jure or disturb by continued or repeated acts ; to tease, 
vex or molest. 

AN-NOY^, n. Injury or molestation from continued acts or 
inconvenience. Shak. 

AN-NOY'ANCE, n. That which annoys, or injures ; the 
act of annoying ; the state of being annoyed. 

AN-NOY^ED, (an-noyd') pp. Incommoded, injured or mo- 
lested by something that is continued or repeated. 

AN-NOY'ER, 71. One that annoys. 

f AN-NOYTUL, a. Giving trouble ; incommoding ; mo- 
lesting. Chaucer. 

AN-NOYTNG, ppr. Incommoding ; hurting ; molesting. 

I AN-NOY^OUS, a. Troublesome. Chaucer. 

AN'NU-AL, a. [Fr. a?i?meZ.] 1. Yearly ; that returns every 
year ; coming yearly. 2. Lasting or continuing only one 
year or season ; that requires to be renewed every year. 
3. Performed in a year. 

AN'NU-AL, 71. A plant that lives but one year, or rather 
but one summer. Martyn. 

AN'NU-AL-LY, ado. Yearly ; returning every year ; year 
by year. 

AN'NU-A-RY, fl. Annual. J. Hall. 

AN-NuT-TANT, n. One who receives or is entitled to re- 
ceive an annuity. 

AN-Nu'I-TY, 71. [Fr. an7niite.'} A sum of money, payable 
yearly, to continue for a given number of years, for life 
or for ever ; an annual income, charged on the person of 
the grantor ; or an annual allowance. 

AN-NUL', V. t. [Fr. a7imdler.] 1. To make void ; to nul- 
lify ; to abrogate ; to abolish. 2. To reduce to nothing : 
to obliterate. 

AN'NU-LAR, a. [L. annulus.] Having the form of a ring ; 
pertaining to a ring. 

AN^NU-LA-RY, a. Having the form of a ring. Ray. 

AN'NU-LA-TED, a. Furnished with rings, or circles, like 
rings ; having belts. 

AN'NU-LET, n. [L. a7inulus.] In architecture, a small, 
square member in the Doric capital, under the quarter 
round. — In heraldry, a little circle, borne as a charge in 
coats of arms. 

AN-NUL'IiED, (an-nuld') pp. Made void ; abrogated. 

AN-NULTiING, ppr. Abrogating ; abolishing. 

AN-NUL'MENT, ?i. The act of annulling. 

AN-Nu'ME-RATE, v. t. [L. anmunero.] To add to a form- 
er number ; to unite to something before mentioned. 
Johzison. 

AN-NU-ME-Ra'TION, n. Addition to a former number. 

AN-NUN'CIATE, v. t. To bring tidings ; to announce. 
Chaucer. 

AN-NUN-CIa^TION, n. 1. An announcing; the tidings 
brought by the angel to Mary, of the incarnation of 
Christ. Also the day celebrated by the church, in mem- 
ory of the angel’s salutation of the blessed Virgin, which 
is the 25th of March. 2. Proclamation; promulgation 

AN-NUN-CIa'TOR, 71. One who announces. 

AN^O-DYNE, 77. [Gr. a or av, and oSvvtj.] Any medicine 
which allays pain, or causes sleep. 

AN^O-DYNE, a. Assuaging pain ; causing sleep, or insen- 
sibility. 

AN-O-DY'NOUS, a. Belonging to anodynes. Coles. 

A-NOINT', V. t. [Fr. oinJre.] 1. To pour oil upon ; to 
smear or rub over with oil or unctuous substances ; also 
to spread over, as oil. 2. To consecrate by unction, or 
the use of oil. 3. To smear or daub. 4. To prepare, in 
allusion to the consecrating use of oil. 

A-NOINT'ED, pp. Smeared or rubbed with oil ; set apart ; 
consecrated with oil. 

A-NOINT'ED, 71. The Messiah, or Son of God. 

A-NOINT'ER, n. One who anoints. 

A-NOTNT'ING, ppr. Smearing with oil ; pouring on oil, or 
other oleaginous substance ; consecrating. 

A-NOTNTTNG, n. The act of smearing with oil ; a conse- 
' crating. 


* See Sy)iopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE. — C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obstlete'^ 


ANT 


ANS 38 


A-NOINT^MENT, n. TJie act of anointing, or state of being 
anointed. 

A-No'LE, n. A species of lizard in the West Indies. 

A-NOM'A-LI-PEU, a. [Gr. avw/iaXta.] An epithet given to 
fowls, whose middle toe is united to the exterior by three 
phalanges, and to the interior by one only. 

A-NOM'A-LI-PED, n. An anoinaions-footed fowl. 

A-NOM'A-LISM, n. An anomaly 5 a deviation from rule. 

A-NOM-A-LIS'TI€, ) a. Irregular ; departing from 

A-NOM-A-LIS'TI-€AL, ] common or established rules. 

A-NOM'A-LOUS, a. Irregular 5 deviating from a general 
rule, method or analogy. 

A-NOM'A-LOUS-LY, adv. IiTegularly ; in a manner differ- 
ent from common rule, method or analogy. 

A-NOMA-LY, 71. [Fr. anomalie.] 1. Irregularity 5 devia- 
tion from the common rule. — 2. In astronomy, an irregu- 
larity in the motion of a planet. — 3. In music, a fsdse 
scale or interval. 

A-No'ME-ANS, n. [Gr. ccvoyotog.] In church history, the 
pure Arians, as distinguished ftoni the Semi-Arians. 

A-No'MI-A, n. [Gr. avo/-ua.] A genus of bivalve shells, so 
called from their unequal valves ; the beaked cockle. 

AN'0-MlTE, n. A fossil shell of the genus anomia. 

AN-O-MO-RHOM'BOID, n. [Gr. avoyoiog.] A genus of 
spars, pellucid, and crystaline, of no determinate form 
externally. 

AN'O-MY, 7i. [Gr. avojuttt.] A violation of law. Bramhall. 
[Rarely used.] 

A-NON', adv. [Sax. 071 an.] 1. duickly ; without inter- 
mission ; soon •, immediately. 2. Sometimes *, now and 
then ; at other times. 

A-NONW-MOUS, a. [Fr. anonymc ; L. anonym'us.] Name- 
less ; wanting a name ; without the real name of the au- 
thor. 

A-NOx\'Y-MOUS-LY, adv. Without a name. 

AN^O-PLO-THER, ) n. [Gr. av, ott\ov and Byoiov!\ 

AN-O-PLO-THK Rl-UM, j A name which Cuvier has 
given to a genus of animals. 

A-NOP'SY, 71. [Gr. av and <*>^.] Want of sight j invision. 
[Little used.] 

AN^O-REX-Y, 71. [Gr. a and opeltj.] Want of appetite, 
without a lothing of food. Coze. 

AN-6TH'ER, a. [an, or one, and other.] 1. Not the same ; 
different. 2. One more, in addition to a former number, 
indefinitely. 3. Any other j any different person, indefi- 
nitely. This word is often used without a noun, becom- 
ing a substitute for the name of the person or thing. 

t AN-oTH'ER-GAINES, adv. Of another kind. 

i AN-6THTIR-GATES, adv. Of another sort. 

t AN-6TH'ER-GUESS, a. Of a difterent kind. 

AN-OTIPER-GUISE, a. Of a different kind ; different. 
[This is a vulgar word, and usually contracted into other- 
guess.] 

A-NOT'TA, n. An elegant red color, formed from the pelli- 
cles or pulp of the seeds of the bixa. 

t A-NOUGIP, A-NOW^ See Enough, Enow. 

AN'SA-TED, a. [L. ansatus.] Having a handle or handles, 
or something in the form of handles. 

AN'SER, 71. [L.j 1. In zoology, the name of the goose, 
whether tame or wild. — 2. In astronomy, a small star, in 
the milky way. 

AN^SER-INE, a. [L. anscrmiis.] 1. Resembling the skin 
of a goose ; uneven. 2. Pertaining to the ansers. 

AN'SERS, 71. In Linne’s system, the third order of aves or 
fowls. 

t AN'SLaIGHT, (an'slate) n. An attack ; an affray. 

AN'SWER, (an'ser) v. t. [Sax. andsivarian.] -I. To speak 
in return to a call or question, or to a speech, declaration 
or argument of another person. 2. To be equivalent to ; 
to be adequate to, or suliicient to accomplish the object. 
3. To comply with, fulfill, pay or satisfy. 4. To act in 
return, or opposition. 5. To bear a due proportion to ; to 
be equal or adequate ; to suit. G. To perform what was 
intended ; to accomplish. 7. To be opposite to ; to face. 
8. To write in reply 5 to reply to another writing, by way 
of explanation, refutation or justification. 9. To solve. 

AN'SWER, V. i. 1. To reply ; to speak by way of return. 
2. To be accountable, liable or responsible. 3. To vindi- 
cate, or give a justificatory account of. 4. To correspond 
with ', to suit with. 5. To act reciprocally. 6. To stand 
as opposite or correlative. 7. To return, as sound rever- 
berated •, to echo. 8. To succeed 5 to effect the object in- 
tended ; to have a good effect. 

AN'SWER, 71. 1. A reply ; that which is said, in return to 
a call, a question, an argument, or an allegation. 2. An 
account to be rendered to justice. — 3. in law, a counter- 
statement of facts, in a course of pleadings ; a confutation 
of what the other party has alledged. 4. A writing, 
pamphlet or book, in reply to another. 5. A reverberated 
sound ', an echo. 6. A return *, that which is sent in con- 
sequence of some petition. 7. A solution, the result of a 
mathematical operation. 


AN^SWER-A-BLE, a. 1. That may bd answered ; to 
which a reply may be made. 2. Obliged to give an ac- 
count, or liable to be called to account ; amenable ; re- 
sponsible. 3. Obliged or liable to pay, indemnify or 
make good. 4. Correspondent ; agreeing with ; in con- 
formity with. 5. Suitable 5 suited ; proportionate. 6 
Equal ; correspondent *, proportionate. 

AN'SWER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being answer- 
able, liable, responsible, or correspondent. 

AN'SWER-A-BLY, adv. In due proportion, correspondence 
or conformity ; suitably. 

AN'SWERED, yp. Replied to j fulfilled ; paid 5 complied 
with ; accomplished j solved •, confuted. 

AN'SWER-ER, n. One who answers ; he or that which 
makes a return to what another has spoken j he who 
writes an answer. 

AN'SWER-ING, ppr. Replying ; corresponding to ; fulfill- 
ing ; solving ; succeeding ; reverberating j confuting. 

AN'SWER-JOB'BER, n. One who makes a business of 
writing answers. Swift. 

AN’T, in old authors, is a contraction of an it, that is, if it. 
See An. 

ANT, 71. [Sax. cemet.] An emmet ; a pismire. 

\NT-£AT^E^ I quadruped that feeds upon ants. 

ANT-EGGS, n! Little white balls found in the hillocks of 
ants, usually supposed to be their eggs, but found, on ex- 
amination, to be the young brood, in their first state. 

ANT-HILL, 71. A little tumulus or hillock, formed by ants, 
for their habitation. 

AN'TA, 71. In ancient architecture, a square column, at the 
corner of a building •, a pilaster ; written also ante. 

ANT-AC'ID, 71. In pharmacy, an alkali, or a remedy for 
sourness or acidity •, better written anti-acid. 

ANT-A€'RID, n. That which corrects acrimony 5 better 
written anti-acrid. 

AN-TAG'O-NISM, n. Opposition of action 5 counteraction 
of things or principles. Good. 

AN-TAG'0-NlST, n. [Gr. avrt and aywviaTtjg.] L One 
who contends with another in combat ; used primarily in 
relation to the Grecian games. An adversary. 2. An op- 
ponent in controversy. Campbell. — 3. In anatomy, a mus- 
cle which acts in opposition to another. 

AN-TAG^O-N 1ST, a. Counteracting; opposing. 

AN-TAG-O-NIS'TIC, a. Opposing in combat ; contending 
against. 

AN-TAG'O-NIZE, v. i. To contend against ; to act in op- 
position ; to oppose in argument. 

t AN-TAG'O-NY, n. Contest ; opposition. Milton. 

AN-TAL'GI€, a. [Gr. avri and aXyoj.] Alleviating pain ; 
anodyne. [Little Tised.] 

ANT-A-NA-CLA''SIS, 71. [Gr. avravaK^acrig.] 1. In rheto- 
ric, a figure, which consists in repeating the same word 
in a different sense ; as, whilst we live, let us live. 2. It 
is also a repetition of words, beginning a sentence, after a 
long parenthesis. 

ANT-A-NA-Go'GE, n. [Gr. avri and avaywyt].] In rheto- 
ric, a figure, which consists in replying to an adversary, 
by way of recrimination. 

ANT-A-PHR0-D1S'I-A€, a. [Gr. avri and atppo^iaiog.] 
Antivenereal ; having the quality of extinguishing or les- 
sening venereal desire. 

ANT-A-PHRO-DIS'l-A€, n. A medicine that lessens or 
extinguishes the venereal appetite. 

ANT-A-PHRO-I)ITH€, a. Antivenereal, abating tne vene- 
real appetite, or efficacious against the venereal disease. 

ANT-A-PHRO-DIT'I€, n. A medicine which abates the 
venereal appetite, or is good against the venereal disease. 

ANT-A-PO-PLE€'TI€, a. Good against apoplexy. 

ANT-ARC^TIC, a. [Gr. avri and apKTog.] Opposite to the 
northern, or arctic pole ; relating to the southern pole, or 
to the region near it 

AN-Ta'RE», n. The name of a star of the first magni- 
tude. 

ANT-AR-THRIT'IC, a. [Gr. avri and ap^ptrtf.] Counter- 
acting the gout. 

ANT-AR-THRITTC, n. A remedy which cures or allevi- 
ates the gout. 

ANT-ASTH-MATffC, a. [Gr. avri and aadpa.] Opposing 
the asthma. 

ANT-ASTH-MATTC, n. A remedy for the asthma. 

AN'TE. A Latin preposition, the Greek avri, much used 
in the composition of English words, especially in words 
from the Latin and Greek languages. It signifies before 
in place, in front ; hence, opposite, contrary ; and, figura- 
tively, before in time. The Latin ante is generally used 
in the sense of before, and the Greek avri in that of oppo- 
site, or in the place of. 

AN'TE, or AN'TA, n. A pilaster. — In heraldry, ante de- 
notes that the pieces are let into one another, in the man- 
ner there expressed. 

AN'TE-ACT, 71. [L. ante, and act.] A preceding act. 


♦ See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, tJ, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PR£Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete 


ANT 39 ANT 


AN-TE-CE'-Da'NE-OUS, a. Antecedent ; preceding in 
time. Owen. 

AN-TE-CkDE', V. t. To go before in time ; to precede. Hale. 

AN-TE-Ck'DENCE, n. The act or state of going before in 
time ; precedence. 

AN-TE-Ce'DENT, a. Going before in time ; prior ; ante- 
rior ; preceding. 

AW-TE-Ce'DENT, 71. That which goes before in time ; 
hence, in writings ^ that which precedes in place. — In 
grammar, the noun to which a relative or other substitute 
refers. — In logic, the first of two propositions in an enthy- 
meme. — In mathematics, the first of two terms of a ratio. 

AN-TE-jCe'DENT-LY, adv. Previously j at a time pre- 
ceding. 

AN-TE-CES'SOR, 71. [L.] 1. One who goes before ; a 

leader ; a principal. '2. One that possessed land before 
the present possessor. 

AN'TE-CIIaM-BER, 71. A chamber or apartment before the 
chief apartment to which it leads, and in which persons 
wait for audience. 

AN'TE-CHAP-EL, n. The part of the chapel through 
which is the passage to the choir or body of it. 

AN-TE'CIAN, 71. [L. antcBci.'] In geography, the antecians 
are those inhabitants of the earth, under the same merid- 
ian, and at the same distance from the equator, but on 
opposite sides, one party north, the other south. 

AN-TE-€URS'0R, 71. [L. ante and cursor.] One who runs 
before j a forerunner. 

AN'TE-DATE, 71. Prior date ; a date antecedent to another. 
Good. 

AN’TE-DATE, v. t. [L. ante and datum.'\ 1. To date be- 
fore the true time. 2. To anticipate j to take before the 
true time. 

AN-TE-DI-Ltj’VI-AL, ) a. [L. ante and diluvium.] Before 

AN-TE-DI-Lu'VI-AN, I the flood, or deluge, in Noah’s 
time ; existing, happening, or relating to what happened, 
before the deluge. 

AN-TE-DI-Lu'VI-AN, 71. One who lived before the deluge. 

f AN’TE-FA€T, 71. That which represents the fact before 
it occurs. 

AN'TE-LOPE, 7t. In zoology, the gazel ; a genus of rumi- 
nant quadrupeds, intermediate between the deer and goat. 

AN-TE-Lu'€AN, a. [L. antelucanus.] Being before light. 

AN-TE-ME-RID’I-AN, a. [L. ante, and meridian.] Being 
before noon ; pertaining to the forenoon. 

AN-TE-MET’IG, a. [Gr. avri, and emetic.] Restraining or 
allaying vomiting. 

AN-TE-MET'I€, n. A medicine which checks vomiting. 

AN-TE-MUND'ANE, a. [L. ante and mundus.] Being be- 
fore the creation of the world. 

AN-TE-Nl'CENE, a. [L. ante, and JVicene.] Anterior to the 
first council of Nice. 

AN-TEN’N.^, n. plu. [L.] In zoology, the horns or feelers 
of insects, projecting from the head. 

AN-TE-NUM’BER, n. A number that precedes another. 

AN-TE-NUP'TIAL, a. Being before marriage. 

AN-TE-PAS€I1’AL, a. Pertaining to the time before Eas- 
ter. A'elson. 

ANTE-PAST, n. [L. ante and pastum.] A foretaste j some- 
thing taken before the proper time. 

AN-TE-PE-NULT’, 71. [L. ante, pene, and ultimas.] The 
last syllable of a word except two. 

AN-TE-PE-NULT’I-MATE, a. Pertaining to the last syl- 
lable but two. 

AN-TE-PI-LEP’TI€, a. [Gr. avri and ciri\T]nTiKos.] Resist- 
ing or curing epilepsy. 

AN-TE-PI-LEP'TI€, 7i. A remedy for the epilepsy. 

AN’TE-PONE, V. t. [L. antepono.] To set one thing before 
another. 

AN-TE-PO-SI'TION, n. In grammar, the placing of a 
word before another. 

AN-TE-PRE-DI€’A-MENT, 71. A preliminary question in 
logic_; a question which is to be first known. 

AN-TE'RI-OR, a. [L.] 1. Before in time or place ; prior ; 
antecedent *, preceding in time. 2. Before or in front in 
place. 

AN-TE-RI-OR’I-TY, 71 . The state of being anterior, pre- 
ceding, or in front. 

AN’TE-ROOM, n. A room before, or in front of another. 

AN’TES, n. plu. [L.] Pillars of large dimensions that sup- 
port the front of a building. 

AxN-TE-STAT'URE, 71. In fortificatio7i, a small intrench- 
ment, or work formed of palisades. 

f AN-TE-ST6M’A€H, 7t. A cavity which leads into the 
stomach, as the crop in birds. Ray. 

f AN'TE-TEM-PLE, n. What we now call the nave in a 
church. 

t AN-TE-VERT', V. t. [L. anteve7‘to.] To prevent. 

AN-TE-VIR-GIL'I-AN, a. A term given to Tull’s new 
husbandry, or method of horse-hoeing. 

AN-THEL-MIN TI€, a. [Gr. avri and tXpivs.] Good 
against worms. 

AN-THEL-MIN’TIG, n. A remedy for worms. 

AN’THEM, 71. [Gr. avn and U/7V0J.] A hymn sung in alter- 


nate parts ; but, in modern usage, a sacred tune, or piece 
of music set to words. 

AN'TflEM-WISE, adv. In the manner of an anthem j al- 
ternately. Baco7i. 

AN'THE-MIS, 71. Camomile. Tate. 

ANTTIER, 71. [L. anthera.] In botany, the summit or top 
of the stamen, connected with the flower. 

ANTHE-RAL, a. Pertaining to anthers. 

AN-THE-RIF ER-OUS, a. [anther, and 'Ll. fero.] Producing 
anthers. Barton. 

AN-THES-Te Rl-ON, n. The sixth month of the Athenian 
year. 

AN-THO-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to anthology. 

AN-THOL’O-GY, n. [Gr. av0os and Aoyoj.] 1. A discourse 
on flowers. 2. A collection of beautiful passages from 
authors j a collection of poems or epigrams. 

ANTIIO-NY’S FIRE. A popular name of the erysipelas. 

AN-THOPIPYL-LITE, n. [Gr. avBoi and 0uAXov.] A min- 
eral. 

AN’THO-RISM, n. [Gr. avri and opicrpog.] In rhetoric, a 
description, or definition, contrary to that which is given 
by the adverse party. 

AN'THRA-CITE, n. [Gr. avOpa|.J Slaty glance-coal, or 
columnar glance-coal j that species of coai W'hich has a 
shining lustre, approaching to metallic, and which burns 
without smoke, and with intense heat. 

AN’THRA-€0-LITE. See Anthracite. 

AN'THRAX, 71. A carbuncle ; a malignant ulcer, with in- 
tense burning. 

AN-THROP^O-GLOT, ?i. [Gr. avd^wnos and yXwrra.] An 
animal which has a tongue resembling that of man, of 
which kind are parrots. 

AN-THRO-POG’RA-PHY, 71. [Gr. avdpwrrog and ypa<p]j.] A 
description of man, or the human race, or of the parts of 
the human body. 

AN-THROP'O-LlTE, 7i. [Gr. avOpcorrog and 'XiOog.] A petri- 
faction of the human body, or skeleton. 

AN-TIIROP-0-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to anthropology • 
according to human manner of speaking. 

AN-THRO-POL'O-GIST, 7i. One who describes, or is versed 
in the physical history of the human body. 

AN-THRO-POL^O-GY, 71. [Gr. av0pwrroj and Xoyo?.] 1. A 
discourse upon human nature. 2. The doctrine of the 
structure of the human body ; the natural history or ph)^si- 
ology of the human species. 3. The word denotes that 
manner of expression by which the inspired writers at- 
tribute human parts and passions to God. 

AN-TIIRO-POM’AN-CY, n. [Gr. avOpomog and pavreia.] 
Divination by inspecting the entrails of a human being. 

AN-THRO-PO-MORPIPISM, n. The heresy of the anthro- 
pomorphites. 

AN-THRO-PO-MORPH’ITE, n. [Gr. avBpwzog and popej)?].'] 
One who believes a human form in the Supreme Being. 
A sect of ancient heretics are called anthropomorphites. 

AN-THRO-PO-MORPH'OUS, a. Belonging to that which has 
the form of man ; having the figure of resemblance to a man 

AN-THRO-POP'A-THY,n. [Gr. ai/0pw7roj and XaOoj.] The 
affections of man, or the application of human passions to 
the Supreme Being. 

AN-THRO-POPH’A-GI, 7i.plu. [Gr. av0pw7roj and 0ayo).] 
Man-eaters ; cannibals ; men that eat human flesh. 

AN-THRO-POPH'A-GOUS, a. Feeding on human flesh 

AN-THRO-POPH'A-GY, 71. The eating of human flesh, or 
the practice of eating it. 

AN-TIIRO-POS'OO-PY, ti. [Gr. avOpwnog and axoTrew.] 
The art of discovering or judging of a man’s character, 
passions, and inclinations, from the lineaments of his body. 

AN-THRO-POS'O-PHY, ti. [Gr. avOpwnog and coepia.] 
Knowledge of the nature of man ; acquaintance w'ith 
man’s structure and functions. 

AN-THYP-NOTTG, a. [corrupt orthograph7j.] See Anti- 
hypnotic. 

AN-THY-PO-€HOND’RI-AG. See Antihypochondiiiac. 

AN-THY-POPH'O-RA. See Antihypophora. 

AN-TIIYS-TER'I€. See Antihysteric. 

AN'TI. [Gr. See Ante.] A preposition, signifying 
against, opposite, co7itrary, or in place of i used in many 
Englisli words. 

AN-TI-AC’ID, a. Opposing or removing acidity. Often 
written antacid. 

AN-TI-AC’ID, n. An alkali ; a medicine proper to correct 
sourness, or acidity ; an absorbent, or an obtundent, or an 
im mutant. 

AN-TI-A-MER’I-CAN, a. Opposed to America, or to the 
United States ; opposed to the revolution in America, 
Marshall. 

AN-TI-A-POS'TLE, 71. [Gr. avri, and apostle.] An adversa- 
ry to the apostles. 

AN-TI-AR-MIN’I-AN, n. He who opposes the Arminians, 
or Arminianism. Bp. Barlozc. 

AN-TI-AR-TIIRIT’I€, a. Good against the gout. 

AN-TI-AR-THRIT’IO, ti. A remedy for the gout. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BCU;,. UNITE.— € aa K ; G as J j S as Z ; CII os SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


ANT 


40 


ANT 


AN-Tl-ASTH-MATie, a. Good against asthma. 
AN-T1-ASTH-MAT'[€, n. A remedy for the asthma. 
AN-T1-BA€'€HI-US, n. [Gr. avrt and ^aK^f-Log.'] In poetry, 
a foot of three syllables, the hrst two long, and the last 
short, as ambire. 

AN-TI-BA-SIL'I-CAN, a. [Gr. uvtl and (^aciXiKr).] Oppos- 
ed to royal state and magnificence. 

AN'TIG, a. [Fr. antique.] Odd ; fanciful. 

AN'TI€, n. 1. A buffoon, or merry Andrew ; one that prac- 
tices odd gesticulations. 2. Odd appearance ; fanciful 
figures. — 3. In architecture, sculpture, tand painting, such 
pieces as were made by the ancients j usually written 
antique. 

AN'Tie, V. t. To make antic. Shak- 
AN-TI-GA-€HE€'TI€, a. [Gr. avri and #ca;^£/CT77j.] Curing, 
or tending to cure, an ill habit of the constitution. 
AN-TI-€A-CHE€^Tl€, n. A medicine that tends to cor- 
rect an ill habit of body. 

AN-TI-CA-TAR'RHAL, a. [Gr. avrt and /carappooj.] Good 
against catarrh. 

AN-TI-€A-TAR'RHAL, n. A remedy for catarrh. 
AN-T[-€AU-SOT/I€, a. [Gr. avri and kuvcos.] Good 
against a burning fever. 

AN-TI-CAU-SOT'l€, n. A remedy for a burning fever. 
AN'TI-CHaM-BER, n. Dr. Johnson prefers ante-chamber, 
which see. 

AN'TI-CHRiST, w. [Gr. ai/rt, and CAmt.] A great adver- 
sary of Christ ; the man of sin. 

AN-TI-CHRIS'TI AN, a. Pertaining to Anti-christ ; opposite 
to, or opposing the Christian religion. 
AN-TI-CHRIS'TIAN, n. A follower of Anti-christ j one op- 
posed to the Christian religion. 
AN-TI-€HRISQ’IAN-ISM,'w. Opposition or contrariety to 
the Christian religion. 

AN-Tl-CIIRIS-TIAN'I-TY, n. Opposition or contrariety to 
Christianity. 

AN-TICH'RO-NISM, ?i. [Gr. avri and xpovoj.] Deviation 
from the true order of time. 

AN-T[C'I-PATE, rj. t. [h. anticipo.] I. To take, or act, 
before another, so as to prevent him j to take first pos 
session. 2. To take before the proper time. 3. To fore- 
taste or foresee ; to have a previous view or impression of 
something future. 

AN-TIC'I-PA-TED, pp. Taken before ; foretasted *, fore- 
seen ; precluded ; prevented, 
t AN-TIC'I-PATE-LY, adv. By anticipation. 
AN-TIC'I-PA-TING, ppr. Taking before ; foretasting j 
precluding ; preventing. 

AN-TIC-I-Pa'TION, 71. 1. The act of taking up, placing, or 
considering something before the proper time, in natural 
order ; prevention. 2. Foretaste *, previous view or im- 
pression of what is to happen afterward. 3. Previous 
notion ; preconceived opinion, produced in the mind, be- 
fore the truth is known ; slight previous impression. 4. 
The attack of a fever before the usual time. 
AN-TlCi-PA-TOR, n. One who anticipates. 
AN-TICi-PA-TO-RY, a. Taking before the time. 
AN-TI-GLPMAX, n. [Gr. avri and KXipa^.] A sentence 
in which the ideas fall or become less important and 
striking at the close ; opposed to climax. 

AN'TI€-LY, adv. In an antic manner ; with odd postures 
and gesticulations *, with fanciful appearance. 
AN'TIC-MASK, or AN'TI-MASK, n. A mask of antics. 
AN-TI-CON-STI-Tu'TION-AL, a. Opposed to or against 
the constitution. Bolingbroke. 
AN-TI-CON-STI-TU'TION-AL-IST, 7^. One opposed to 
tke constitution. 

AN-TI-CON-Ta'GION-IST, n. One who opposes the doc- 
trine of contagion. 

AN-TI-CON-Ta'GIOUS, a. Opposing or destroying conta- 
gion. 

AN-TI-€0N-VUL'SIVE, a. Good against convulsions. 
AN'Tl-OOR, 71. Among farriers, an inflammation in a 
horse’s throat. 

AN-TI-COS-METflG, a. Destructive or injurious to beauty. 
AN-TI-€OS-METT€, n. Any preparation which injures 
beauty. 

I AN'TI-GoURT, a. In opposition to the court. 
AN-TI-OoUR'-WER, n. One who opposes the court, or the 
measures of administration. 

AN-TI-CRE-a'TOR, n. One that opposes the creator. 
AN-TI-DEM-0-CRAT'I€, 1 a. Opposing democracy. 
AN-TI-DEM-0-€RATfl-€AL, \ Mitford. 
AN'TI-DO-TAL, a. That has the quality of preventing the 
ill effect^ of poison, or of any thing noxious. 
AN-TI-Do'TA-RY, a. Serving for a counter poison. 
AN'TI-DOTE, n. [Gr. avriSoros.] 1. A medicine to coun- 
teract the effects of poison, or of any thing noxious taken 
into the stomach. 2. Whatever tends to prevent mis- 
chievous effects, or to counteract the evil which some- 
thing else might produce. 

AN-TI-Do'TI-€AL, a. Serving as an antidote. 
AN-TI-Do'TI-GAL-LY, adv. By way of antidote. 


AN-TI-DYS-EN-TER'I€, a. Good against the dysentery, or 
bloody flux. 

AN-TI-DYS-EN-TERfl€, n. A remedy for dysentery. 
AN-TI-E-METa€, a. [Gr. avTt and eperiKos.] Having the 
quality of allaying vomiting. 

AN-TI-E-METfl€, ti. A remedy to check vomiting. 
AN-TI-EN-NE-A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. avTi, evvea, and c^pa.] 
In crystalography, having nine faces on two opposite parts 
of the crystal. 
aN'TIENT. See Ancient. 

AN-TI-EN-THU-SI-AS'TI€, a. Opposing enthusiasm. 
aN'TIENT-RY, 71 . [more correctly, ancientry.] Cast of 
antiquity ; that which is ancient. 

AN-TI-E-PISC'O-PAL, a. Adverse to episcopacy. 
AN-TI-E-VAN-GEL'I-€AL, a. Contrary to orthodoxy, or 
the genuine sense of the gospel. 

AN'TI-FACE, 71. Opposite face. Jonson. 
AN-TI-FA-NATflC, n. An opposer of fanaticism. 

* AN-TI-Fe'BRILE, a. That has the quality of abating fever. 

* AN-TI-Fe'BRILE, 71 . A medicine that cures, abates, or 
tends to allay fever. 

AN-TI-FLAT'TER-ING, a. Opposite to flattering. Delany. 
AN-TI-GUG'LER, n. A crooked tube of metal. 
AN-TI-HE€'TI€, a. [Gr. avri and r/crtxo?.] That has the 
quality of opposing or curing hectical disorders. 
AN-TI-HE€'TIC, ti. A medicine that is good in the cure 
of hectic disorders. ^ 

AN-TI-HYP-NOT'IC, a. [Gr. avri and uttvo?.] Counteract- 
ing sleep ; tending to prevent sleep or lethargy. 

AN-TI-H YP-NOT'IC, n. A medicine that prevents or tends 
to prevent sleep. Coxe. 

AN-TI-HYP-O-CHOND^RI-AC, a. [Gr. avri and utto^ov- 
Spia/co^.] That counteracts, or tends to cure, hypochondri- 
ac affections. 

AN-TI-HYP-0-CHOND^RI-A€, n. A remedy for hypo- 
chondriac affections and low spirits. 
AN-TI-HY-POPH'O-RA, n. [Gr. avn and vn-o^opa.] In 
rhetoric, a figure, which consists in refuting an objection 
by the opposition of a contrary sentence. 
AN-TI-HYS-TER'IC, a. [Gr. avri and varepa.] Counter- 
acting hysterics. 

AN-TI-HYS-TER'I€, n. A medicine that cures or counter- 
acts hysterical affections. 

AN-TI-LOG'A-RITHM, n. The complement of the loga- 
rithm of any sine, tangent, or secant, to 90 degrees. 
AN-TIL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. avri and Xoyos.] A contradiction 
between any words or passages in an author, 
t AN-TIL'O-UUIST, n. A contradictor. Diet. 

I AN-TIL'0-Q,UY, n. An old word, denoting preface, 
proem, or peroration. 

f AN-TI-MA-GIS'TRI-CAL, a. Opposed to the office of 
magistrates. South. 

AN-TI-MA'NI-A€, ) a. Counteracting or curing mad- 
AN-TI-MA-NI'A-CAL, ^ ness or frenzy. 

AN'TI-MASK, 71. A lesser mask. Bacon. 
AN-TI-ME-TAB'O-LE, (an-te-me-tab'o-ly) n. [Gr. avri 
and pcTa(So\n-] In rhetoric, a setting of two things in op- 
position to each other. 

AN-TI-ME-TATH'E-SIS, n. [Gr. avri and peTaOeens.] 
In rhetoric, an inversion of the parts or members of an 
antithesis. 

AN-TIM'E-TER, n. [Gr. avri and perpov.] An optical in- 
strument for measuring angles. 

AN-TI-MET'RI-CAL, a. Contrary to the rules of metre or 

V6rS6# 

AN-TI-MIN-IS-Te'RI-AL, a. Opposed to the ministry, or 
administration of government. 
AN-TI-MIN-IS-Te'RI-AL-IST, 71. One that opposes the 
ministry. 

AN-TI-MO-NXRCH'I-CAL, a. Opposed to monarchy *, that 
opposes a kingly government. 
AN-THMO-NAllCH'I-CAL-NESS, n. The quality of being 
opposed to monarchy. 

AN-TI-MON'AR-€HIST, n. An enemy to monarchy. 
AN-TI-Mo'NI-AL, a. Pertaining to antimony ; relating to 
antimony, or partaking of its qualities. 
AN-TI-Mo'NI-AL, n. A preparation of antimony ; a medi- 
cine in which antimony is a principal ingredient. 
AN-TI-Mo'NI-ATE, n. A compound or salt composed of 
antimonic acid and a base. 

AN-TI-Mo'Nl-A-TED, a. Partaking of antimony ; mixed 
or prepared with antimony. 

AN-TI-MON'l€, a. Pertaining to antimony. 
AN-TI-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Pertaining to antimony. 
AN'TI-MO-NITE, n. A compound of antimonious acid and 
a base. 

AN'TI-MO-NY, 71. [Fr. antimoine.] Primarily, a metallic 
ore, consisting of sulphur combined with a metal. The 
sulphuret of antimony, the stibium of the Romans, is a 
blackish mineral, which stains the hands, hard, brittle, 
full of long, shining, needle-like stria, and used in med- 
icine and the arts. 


* See Sijnopsis. A, e, J, o, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT j — PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD j — f Obsolete 


ANT 


41 


ANT 


AxV-TI-MOR'AL-lST, n. An opposer of morality. 

AIV-T1-MU':SI-€AL, a. Opposed to music ; having no ear 
for music, jimer. Review. 

AN-TI-NE-PHR1T'1€, a. Counteracting diseases of the 
kidneys. 

AN-TI-NE-PHRIT 1C, n. A medicine that tends to remove 
diseases of the kidneys. 

AN-TI-No'M[-AN, a. [Gr. avrt, and vo/zo?.] Against law j 
pertaining to the Antinornians. 

AN-Tl-No MI-AN, n. One of a sect who maintain, that, 
under the gospel dispensation, the law is of no use or ob- 
ligation ; or who hold doctrines which supersede the ne- 
cessity of good works and a virtuous life. 

AN-TI-No'Ml-AN-ISM, n. The tenets of Antinornians. 

* AN^TI-NO-MIST, n. One who pays no regard to the law, 
or to good works. 

* AN'Tl-NO-MY, n. A contradiction between two laws, or 
between two parts of the same law. 

AN-TI-o'CHI-AN, a. Pertaining to Antioch us, the founder 
of a sect of philosophers. 

AN-T1-Pa'PAL, a. Opposing popery. 

AN-Tl-PA-PIS'TIC, I a. Opposed to popery or papacy. 

AN-TI-PA-PIS'TI-CAL, i Jortin. 

AN-T 1-PAR' AL-LEL, a. Running in a contrary direction. 
Hammond. 

AN-TI-PAR-A-LYT'1€1, a. Good against the palsy. 

AN-Tl-PAR-A-LYTTC, n. A remedy for the palsy. 

AN-Tl-PA-THET'JC, ) a. Having a natural contrarie- 

AN-T1-PA-THET'1-€AL, \ ty, or constitutional aversion 
to a thing. 

AN-Tl-PA-THET'l-CAL-NESS, n. The quality or state of 
having an aversion or contrariety to a thing. 

AX-TIP'A-TIIOUS, a. Adverse. Beaumont. 

AN-TIP'A-THY, n. [Gr. avri and iraOos.j 1. Natural aver- 
sion j instinctive contrariety or opposition in feeling ; an 
aversion felt at the presence, real or ideal, of a particular 
object. — 2. In ethics^ antipathy is hatred, aversion or 
repugnancy j hatred to persons ; aversion to persons or 
things ; repugnancy to actions. — 3. In physics, a contra- 
riety in the properties or affections of matter, as of oil and 
water. 

AN-Tl-PAT-RI-OT'IC, a. Not patriotic ; opposing the in- 
terests of one’s country. 

AN-TI-PE-HO-BAP'TIST, n. [Gr. avri, jrais, T^aiSog, and 
jSaTrrt^w.] One who is opposed to the baptism of infants. 

AN-TI-PER-IS-TAL'TIC, a. Opposed to peristaltic ; retro- 
ve rted 

AN-TI-PE-RIS'TA-SIS, n. [Gr. avri and Treptaraaig.] The 
opposition of a contrary quality, by which the quality op- 
posed acquires strength. 

AN-T1-PER-1S-TAT'1€, a. Pertaining to antiperistasis. 

AN-TI-PES-TI-LEN'TIAL, a. Counteracting contagion or 
infection. 

AN-TI-PHLO-GIS'TIAN, n. An opposer of the theory of 
phlogiston. 

AN-Tl-PHLO-GIS'TIC, a. Counteracting heat or inflamma- 
tion 5 tending to reduce arterial action ; opposed to the 
doctrine of phlogiston. 

AN-Ti-PHLO-Giy'TIC, n. Any medicine or diet which 
tends to reduce inflammation, or the activity of the 
vital power. 

AN'Tl-PHON, n. The chanter alternate singing in choirs 
of cathedrals. 

AN-TIPH 0-NAL, AN-TI-PIION'I€, or AN-TI-PHONT- 
CAIi, a. Pertaining to antiphony or alternate singing. 

AN-TlPH'0-NA-RY, n. [Gr. avri and (pwvrj.] A service 
hook in the Catholic church. 

AN-TIPII'0-NER, n. A book of anthems or antiphons. 
Chaucer. 

AN-TIPII'O-NY, n. [Gr. avri and 0wv>?.] 1. The answer 
of one choir to another, when an anthem or psalm is sung 
by two choirs ; alternate singing. 2. A species of psalmo- 
dy, when a congregation is divided into two parts, and 
each sings the verses alternately. 3. The words given out 
at the beginning of a psalm, to which both the choirs are 
to accommodate their singing. 4. A musical composition 
of several verses, extracted from different psalms. 

AN-TIPH'RA-SIS, n. [Gr. avrt and (ppaaig.] The use of 
words in a sense opposite to their proper meaning. 

AN-TI-PHRAS'TIC, } a. Pertaining to antiphrasis. 

AN-TI-PHRAS'Tl-CAL, \ Ash. 

AN-TI-PHRAS'T1-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an an- 
tiphrasis. 

AN-TlP'0-DAL, a. Pertaining to the antipodes ; having the 
feet directly opposite. 

* AN'TI-PODE, plu. Antipodes, n. [Gr. avri, and novg, 
■rohog.'] One who lives on the opposite side of the globe, 
and, of course, whose feet are directly opposite to ours. 

AN-Tl-POrsON, (au-te-poy'zn) n. An antidote for poi- 
son. 

AN'Tl-POPE, n. One w'ho usurps the papal power, in oppo- 
sition to the pope. 

AN'Tl-PORT, n. An outward gate or door. 


AN-TI-PRE-LAT'I-CAL, a. Adverse to prelacy. 

AN'TI-PRIeST, n. An opposer or enemy of priests. 

AN-TI-PRIeST'CRAFT, n. Opposition to priestcraft. 

AN-TI-PRIN'Cl-PLE, n. An opposite principle. 

AN-TI-PROPH'ET, n. An enemy or opposer of proph- 
ets. 

* AN-TIP'TO-SIS, n. [Gr. avri and Trrcoo'is’.j In grammar, 
tlie putting of one case for another. 

AN-TI-Pu'RI-TAN, n. An opposer of Puritans. 

AN-TI-Q.Ua'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to antiquaries, or to 
antiquity. As a noun, this is used for antiquary. 

AN-TI-GiUa'RI-AN-ISM, n. Love of antiquities. 

AN'T1-Q,UA-RY, w. [h. antiquarius.'] One who studies into 
the history of ancient things, as statutes, coins, medals, 
paintings, inscriptions, books and manuscripts, or search- 
es for them, and explains their origin and purport ; one 
versed in antiquity. 

AN'TI-OUATE, v. t. [L. antiquo.'] To make old, or obso- 
lete ; to make old in such a degree as to put out of use. 
Hence, when applied to laws or cxistoms, it amounts to 
make void, or abrogate. 

AN'TI-Q,UA-TED, pp. Grown old ; obsolete ; out of use ; 
having lost its binding force by non-observance. 

AN'TI-UUA-TEH-NESS, n. The state of being old, or ob- 
solctc • 

AN'TI-Q,UATE-NESS, n. The state of being obsolete. 

AN-TI-CiUA'TION, n. The state of being antiquated. 

AN-TidUE', (an-teek') a. [Fr.] 1. Old ; ancient ; of genuine 
antiquity. 2. Old, as it respects the present age, or a 
modern period of time •, of old fashion. 3. Odd j wild j 
fanciful ; more generally written antic. 

AN-TlQ,UE', (an-teek') n. In general, any thing very old ; 
but, in a more limited sense, the remains of ancient artists, 
as busts, statues, paintings and vases, the works of Gre- 
cian and Roman antiquity. 

AN-TldUE'NESS, (an-teek'nes) ?i . The quality of being an- 
cient ; an appearance of ancient origin and workman- 
ship. 

AN-TICl'UI-TY, n. [L. antiquitas.] 1. Ancient times ) for- 
mer ages ; times long since past. 2. The ancients : the 
people of ancient times ; as, the fact is admitted by all an- 
tiquity. 3. Ancientness ; great age ; the quality of being 
ancient. 4. Old age. Shak. 5. The remains of ancient 
times. In this sense it is usually or always plural. 

AN-TI-REV-O-LU'TION-A-RY, o. Opposed to a revolu- 
tion ; opposed to an entire change in the form of govern- 
ment. Burke. 

AN-TI-REV-O-LU'TION-IST, n. One who is opposed to a 
revolution in government. 

AN-TI-SAB-BA-Ta'RI-AN, n. One of a sect who oppose 
the observance of the Christian >?abbath. 

AN-TI-Sa'BI-AN, a. Opposed or contrary to Sabianism, or 
the worship of the celestial orbs. 

AN-TI-SA-CER-Ho'TAIj, a. Adverse to priests. 

AN-TIS"CIAN, ) n. [L. antiscit.] In geography, the inhab- 

AN-TIS"CIANS, ) itants of the earth, living on difierent 
sides of the equator, whose shadows at noon are cast in 
contrary directions. 

AN-Tf-S€OR-BU'TI€, or AN-TI-S€OR-Bu'TI-€AL, a. 
Counteracting the scurvy. 

AN-TI-S€OR-Bu'Tie, n. A remedy for the scurvy. 

AN-TI-S€RIP'TU-RISM, n. Opposition to the Holy Scrip- 
tures. Boyle. 

AN-TI-S€RIP'TU-RIST, n. One that denies revelation. 
Boyle. 

t AN^TI-SCRIPT, n. Opposition in writing to some other 
writing. 

AN-TI-SEP'TI€, a. [Gr. avri and arjirrog.] Opposing or 
counteracting putrefaction. 

AN-TI-SEP'TI€, n. A medicine which resists or corrects 
putrefaction. 

AN-TI-So'CIAL, a. Averse to society ; that tends to inter- 
rupt or destroy social intercourse. 

AN-TIS'PA-SIS, n. [Gr. avri and cuaio.] A revulsion of 
fluids from one part of the body to another. 

AN-TI-SPAS-MOU'I€, a. [Gr. avri and cnaapog.] Oppos- 
ing spasm ; resisting convulsions ; as anodynes. 

AN-TI-SPAS-MOD'IC, n. A remedy for spasm or convul- 
sions. 

AN-TI-SPAS'TI€, a. Causing a revulsion of fluids or hu- 
mors. Johnson. 

AN-TI-SPLE-NET'I€, a. Good as a remedy in diseases of 
the spleen. Johnson. 

AN-TIS'TA-SIS, 71. [Gr. avri and araa-ig.] In oratory, the 
defense of an action from the consideration that, if it had 
been omitted, something worse would have happened. 

AN-TIS'TES, 71. [L.] The chief priest or prelate. 

AN-TIS'TRO-PHE, ) n. [Gr. avri and crtpoipn-] L Ingram- 

AN-TrS'TRO-PHY, | mar, the changing of things mutual- 
ly depending on each other ; reciprocal conversion. 
2. Among the ancients, that part of a song or dance, before 
the altar, which was performed by turning from west to 
east, in opposition to the strophe. 




MOVE, BOOK, D 6 VE 5 — BULL, UNITE, as K j G as J 5 S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


APH 


APA 


42 


AN-TIS'TRO-PHON, w. A figure which repeats a word 
often. Milton. 

AN-Tt^TRU-MATa€, a. fL. anti and struma.] Good 
against scropliulous disorders. 

AN-TlTH'E-SISj n. [Gr. avTiQtai^.'\ ]. In r Act oric, an oppo- 
sition of words or sentiments j contrast ; as, “ The prod- 
igal robs his heir^ tlie miser robs hiniself.^^ 2. Opposition 
of opinions ; controversy. 

AN-Ti-THET'i€, ( a. Pertaining to antithesis ; con- 
AN-Tl-THET'l-GAL, J taming or abounding with antith- 
esis. 

AN-TITH'E-TON, n. [Gr. avTidtruv.] An opposite. 
AN-T1-TR1 N-I-Ta'RI-AN, n. One who denies the trinity, 
or the existence of three persons in the Godhead. 
AN-TI-TRIN-1 -Ta'RI-AN, a. Opposing tlie trinity. 
AN-TI-TRIN-I-Ta'RI-AJN-ISM, n. A denial of the trin- 
ity. 

AN'TI-TyPE, n. [Gr. avriTVTTov.] A figure corresponding to 
another figure ; that of which the type is the pattern or 
representation, 'i'hus the paschal lamb, in Scripture, is 
tlie type, of which Christ is the antitype. 
AN-Tl-TYPT-OAE, a. Pertaining to an antitype ; explain- 
ing the type. Johnson. 

AN-Tl-V A'R1-0-L0US, a. Opposing the smallpox. Med. 
Rep. 

AN-TI-VE-Ne^RE-AL, a. Resisting venereal poison. 
ANT'LER, 71. A start or branch of a horn, especially of the 
horns of the cervine animals, as of the stag or moose. 
ANT'LERED, a. Furnished with antlers. 

AN-TCE^Cr, 71. [Gr. avri and ooccoi.] Those inhabitants of the 
earth, who live under the same meridian, and at the same 
distance from the equator ; the one toward the north, and 
the other toward the south. 

AN-To'NI-AN, a. Noting certain medicinal waters in Ger- 
many, at or near Tonstein. 

AN-TO-NO-Ma'SIA, ) n. [Gr. avri and ovopa.] The use 
AN-TO-NOM'A-SY, ^ of the name of some office, dig- 
nity, profession, science or trade, instead of the true 
name of the person j as when his majesty is used for a 
king. 

ANT-O-SI-AN'DRI-AN, n. One of a sect of rigid Luther- 
ans, so denominated from their opposing the doctrines of 
Osiander. 

t AN'TRE, n. [L. antrum.'\ A cavern. Shah. 

AN'VIL, n. [Sax. anjilt, lenjilt.'] An iron block with a 
smooth face, on which smiths hammer and shape their 
work. Figuratively, any thing on which blows are laid. 
Shak. To he on the anvil, is to be in a state of discussion, 
fornmtion or preparation. 

ANX-i'E-TUDE, n. Anxiety ; solicitude. [Little used.] 
ANX-I'E-TY, (ang-zl^e-ty) n. [L. anxietas.] 1. Concern or 
solicitude respecting some event, future, or uncertain, 
which disturbs the mind, and keeps it in a state of painful 
uneasiness. — 2. In medical language, uneasiness ; un- 
ceasing restlessness in sickness. 

ANX'IOUS, (ank'shus) a. 1. Greatly concerned or solicitous 
respecting something future or unknown ; being in pain- 
ful suspense. 2. Full of solicitude 5 unquiet. 3. Very 
careful ; solicitous. 

ANX'IOUS-LY, adv. In an anxious manner ; solicitously ; 
carefully *, unquietly. 

ANX'IOUS-NESS, (ank'shus-nes) n. The quality of being 
anxious ; great solicitude. Johnson. 

AN'Y, (en'ny) a. [Sax. anig, cenig ; D. cenig ; Ger. chirjo-.] 
1. One, indefinitely. 2. Some •, an indefinite number, plu- 
rally. 3. Some ; an indefinite quantity ; a small portion. 
4. It is often used as a substitute, the person or thing be- 
ing ’^iderstood. It is used in opposition to none 
t AN'Y-WIIITH-ER, atfu. Any where. Barrow. 
AN'Y-WISE (en'ny-wize) is sometimes used adverbially, 
but the two words may be separated, and used with a 
preposition, in any wise. 

A-O'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to the muses, or to Aonia, in 
Boeotia. — 

a'O-RIST, 7 j. [Gr. aopicTos.] The name of certain tenses in 
the grammar of the Greek language, which express time 
indeterminate. 

A-0-RlST'I€, a. Indefinite; pertaining to an aorist, or in- 
definite tense. 

A-ORT'A, 71. [Gr. ajprr?.] The great artery, or trunk of the 
arterial system, proceeding from the left ventricle of the 
heart, and giving origin to all the arteries, except the 
pulmonary arteries. 

A-ORT'AL, a. Pertaining to the aorta, or great artery. 
A-OU'TA, n. The paper-mulberry tree in Otaheite. 
A-FaCE', adv. With a quick pace ; quick ; fast ; speedily ; 
with haste 5 hastily. 

AP^\-GO-GE, or AP^A-GO-GY, n. [Gr. from anayw.] In 
logic, abduction ; a kind of argument, wherein the greater 
extreme is evidently contained in the medium, but the 
medium not so evidently in the lesser extreme as not to 
require further proof. Encyc. 

AP-A-GOGT-GAL, a. An apagogical demonstration is an 


indirect way of proof, by showing the absurdity or im- 
possibility of the contrary. 

AP-A-LACH'I-AN, a. Pertaining to the Apalaches, a tribe 
of Indians, in the western part of Georgia ; and to the 
southern extremity of the Alleghanean ridges. 

A-PAN'THRO-PY, n. [Gr. alto and avdpoi-rros.] An aversion 
to the company of men ; a love of solitude. 

AP-A-RITH'ME-SIS, n. [Gr.j In rhetoric, enumeration. 

A-PaRT', adv. [Fr. aparte.] 1. Separately ; at a distance : 
in a state of separation, as to place. 2. In a state of dis- 
tinction, as to purpose, use or character. 3. Distinctly ; 
separately. 4. Aside ; in exclusion of. 

A-PART'MENT, n. [Fr. apartement.] A room in a building ; 
a division in a house, separated from others by partitions ; 
a place separated by inclosure. 

AP-A-THETTG, a. Void of feeling ; free from passion ; in- 
sensible. Harris. 


AP'A-THY, n. [Gr. a and naQo^.] Want of feeling; an 
utter privation of passion, or insensibility to pain. 

AP'A-TITE, n. A variety of phosphate of lime. 

APE, n. [D. aap j Dan. abe i »?ax., Sw. and Ir. apa ; Ice. 
ape.] 1. A genus of quadrupeds, found in the torrid zone 
of both continents, of a great variety of species. In com- 
mon use, the word extends to all the tribe of monkeys and 
baboons. 2. One who imitates servilely, in allusion to the 
manners of the ape ; a silly fellow. 

API^ V. t. To imitate servilely ; to mimick. 

A-PeAK^, adc. 1. On the point ; in a posture to pierce. — 2 
In seamen^s language, perpendicular. 

AP'EN-NINE, a. [L. Jipenninus.] Pertaining to or desig- 
nating a chain of mountains, which extend through Italy. 

AP'EN-NINE ) 

AP^EN NTNE^ \ chain of mountains in Italy. 

A-PEP'SY, 77 . [Gr. a and TrcTrrw.] Defective digestion ; indi- 
gestion. Coze. [Little used.] 

a'PER, n. One who apes. — In zoology, the wild boar. 

A-Pe'RI-ENT, a. [L. aperiens.] Opening ; deobstruent ; 
laxative. 

A-Pe'RI-ENT, n. A medicine which promotes the circula- 
tion of the fluids, by removing obstructions ; a laxative ; 
a deobstruent. 


A-PER'I-TIVE, a. Opening ; deobstruent ; aperient. 

I A-PERT', a. [L. apertus.] Open ; evident ; undisguised. 
A-PER‘TION, 71. The act of opening ; the state of being 
opened ; an opening ; a gap. [Little used.] 

A-PERT'LY, adv. Openly. Bale. [Little used.] 
A-PERT'NESS, n. Openness. [Rarely used.] 

A-PERT'OR, n. A muscle that raises the upper eye-lid. 
AP'ER-TuRE, 71. 1. The act of opening ; an opening ; a 
gap, cleft or chasm ; a passage perforated. 2. An opening 
of meaning ; explanation. [JV*ot 7i5c<i.] Taylor. 
A-PET'A-LOUS, a. In botany, Iiaving no petals, or flower- 
leaves ; having no corol. 

A-PET'A-LOUS-NESS, n. A state of being without petals. 
a'PEX, 77 . ; plu. Apexes. [L. apex ; plu. apices.] The tip, 
point or summit of any thing. 

APH'A-NiTE, 77. In mineralogy, compact amphibole in a 
particular state. 

A-PHeL'ION, 77. [Gr. ano and 77X70?.] That point of a plan- 
et’s orbit which is most distant from the sun ; opposed to 
perihelion. 

APH-E-Re'SIS, 77. [Gr. aro and aiptw.] 1. The taking of a 
letter or syllable from the beginning of a word. — 2. In the 
healing art, the removal of any thing noxious. — In surge- 
ry, amputation. 

f A-PHe'TA, 77 . The name of a plant, which is the giver 
of life in a nativity. Diet. 

I A-PHET'I-GAL, a. Relating to the apheta. 
APH-I-DIV'O-ROUS, a. Eating, devouring, or subsisting 
on the aphis, or plant-louse. 

APH-I-LAN^THRO-PY, n. [Gr. a and (piXavdptonia.] Want 
of love to mankind. — In medicine, the first stage of melan- 
choly, when solitude is preferred to society. 
a'PHIS, 77. In zoology, the puceron, vine-fVetter, or plant- 
louse ; a genus of insects, belonging to the order of he- 
mipters. 

APH-LO-GIS'TI€, a. [Gr. a and <p\oyicros.] Flameless ; as, 
an aphlogistic lamp. 

APH'O-NY, 77. [Gr. a and ipiovy.] A loss of voice ; a palsy 
of the tongue ; dumbness ; catalepsy. 

APH'O-RISM, 77. [Gr. aipopiapog.] A maxim ; a precept, or 
principle expressed in few words ; a detached sentence 
containing some important truth. 

APH' 0-RlSM-ER, n. A dealer in aphorisms, 
f APIFO-RIST, 77. A writer of aphorisms. H'elson. 
APH-0-RIS'TI€, ) a. In the form of an aphorism ; in 
APH-0 -RIS'TI-€AL , ) the form of short, unconnected sen- 


tences. 


APH-O-RIS'Tl-GAL-LY, adv. In the form or manner of 
aphorisms. 

APH 'RITE, 77 . [Gr. a<Ppog.] A subvariety of carbonate of 
lime. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, 0, t?, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PR£Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — f Obsolete. 


APO 


43 


APO 


APH^RI-ZITE, n. A variety of black tourmalin 
APH-R0-Disa-A€, or AFH-RO-m-SI'A-€AL, a. [Gr. 
a^po6iaiog.'\ Exciting venereal desire ; increasing the 
appetite for sexual connection. 

APll-RO-DIS'I-A€, n. A provocative to venery. 
APfPRO-DTTE, n. [Gr. A<^poSirr}.] A follower of Venus. 
APH'RO-DlTE, or APH-RO-DPTA, ?i. 1. In zoology^ a ge- 
nus of the order of molluscas^ called also sea-mouse, 2. 
A name of Venus. 

APH'THOJNG, n. [Gr. airo and (pdoyyos.] A letter or com- 
bination of letters, which, in the customary pronuncia- 
tion of a word, have no sound. 

APfPTHOUS, a. [Gr. a(pdai.] Pertaining to thrush ; of the 
nature of thrush, or ulcerous affections of the mouth. 
Bigelow. 

APH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. a and <pv\\ov, folium.'] In botany, 
destitute of leaves. 

a'PI-A-RY, n. [L. apiarium.] The place where bees are 
_ kept ; a stand or shed for bees. 

a'PI-AS-T£R, n. The bird called a bee-eater, a species of 
merops. 

a'PI-CES, a'PEX-ES. See Apex. 

A-PIeCE', adv. To each ; noting the share of each. 
A-PIe'CES, adv. In pieces. Beaumont. 
aTIS, n. In mythology, an ox, worshiped in ancient 
Egypt, or a divinity or idol in the figure of an ox. 

A'PiS, 71. [L.] In zoology, tlie bee, a genus of insects. 
a'PISH, a. Having the qualities of an ape ; inclined to im- 
itate in a servile manner ; hence, foolish, foppish, affect- 
ed, trifling. 

a'PISH-LY, adv. In an apish manner ; with servile imi- 
tation ; foppishly. 

a'PISH-NESS, 71. The quality of being apish ; mimicry j 
foppery. 

A-PITTAT, adv. With quick beating or palpitation •, a 
word formed from the sound, pit and pat, or from beat. 
AP-LA-NAT'I€, a. [Gr. a and TrXavaw.] An aplanatic tel- 
escope is one which entirely corrects the aberration of 
the rays of light. 

AP-Lo'ME, 71. A mineral closely allied to garnet. 
AP-LUS'TER, ) n. [L.] An ensign, or ornament carried by 
AP-LUS'TRE, j ancient ships. 

A-POG^\-LYPSE, 7i. [Gr. aTroxaXvTrrw.] Revelation ; dis- 
covery ; disclosure. The name of a book of the New 
Testament. 

A-PO€-A-LYP'TI€, ^ a. Containing or pertaining to 
A-POC-A-LYP'TI-CAL, \ revelation ; disclosing. 
A-POG-A-LYP'TI-GAL-LY, adv. By revelation •, in the 
manner of disclosure. 

A-POC'O-PATE, V. t. To cut off, or drop, the last letter or 
syllable of a word. 

A-POe O-PA-TED, pp. Shortened by the omission of the 
last letter or syllable 

A-POeO-PA-TING, ppr Cutting off or omitting the last 
letter or syllable. 

A-POC'O-PE, ) 71. [Gr. anoKOTrrj.] The cutting off, or omis- 
A-POC'O-PY, ) Sion of the last letter or syllable of a word. 
A-POC'RI-SA-RY, 71. [Gr. airoKpiaig.] jlnciently, a resident 
in an imperial city, in the name of a foreign church or 
bishop, answering to the modern nuncio. 
AP-O-CRUSTTC, a. [Gr. anoKpovariKa.] Astringent j re- 
pelling. 

AP-O-CRUST'IC, n. A medicine which constringes and 
repels the humors ; a repellent. 

A-POC'RY-PHA, 71. [Gr. anoKpvUTO), XjSUTrrw, to conceal.] 
Literally, such things as are not published ; but in an ap- 
propriate sense, books whose authors are not known, and 
whose authenticity, as inspired writings, is not admitted. 
A-POC'RY-PHAL, a. Pertaining to the apocrypha j not 
canonical *, of uncertain authority or credit ; false ; ficti- 
tious. 

A-POG'RY-PHAL-LY, arfy. Uncertainly ; not indisputably. 
A-POC'RY-PHAL-NESS, n. Uncertainty as to authentici- 
ty ; doubtfulness of credit, or genuineness. 

AP'O-DAL, a. Without feet. — In zoology, destitute of ven- 
tral fins. 

AP'ODE, .7i. [Gr. a and ttov?, ro5o?.j An animal that has 
no feet. — In zoology, an order of fishes. 

AP-0-DT€'TIC, I a. [Gr. ano^ei^ig.] Demonstrative ; 
AP-0-DI€^TI-€AL, ^ evident beyond contradiction; clear- 
ly proving. [Littleused.] 

AP-0-DI€'TI-€AL-LY, adv. So as to be evident beyond 
contradiction. 

t AP-O-DIX'IS, 71. Demonstration. Sir O. Buck. 
A-POD'O-SIS, 71. [Gr.] The application or latter part of a 
similitude. Mede. 

A-POD-Y-Te'RI-UM, 71. [Gr. anoSvrepiov.] A dressing 
room. 

AP'O-GEE, 71. [L. apogcon, apogeum.] That point in the 
orbit of a planet, which is at the greatest distance from 
the earth. 

A-?OG-!-A-Ttr'RA, n. [It.] A cadence in music. 


AP'O-GON, n. A fish of the Mediterranean, the summit of 
whose head is elevated. 

AP'O-GRAPH, n. [Gr. aTToypa(pov.] An exemplar ; a copy 
or transcript. 

A-POL-LI-Na'RI-AN, a. [from .Apollo.] The Apollinarian 
games were celebrated in honor of Apollo. 

A-POE-LI-Na'RI-ANS. In church history, a sect deriving 
their name from Apollinaris of Laodicea. 

A-POL^LO-BEL'VI-l)ERE. An ancient statue of the first 
class in excellence. 

A-POLL'YON, 71. [Gr. aTToXXuwv.J The <^esfro7/er ; a name 
used Rev. ix. 11, for the angel of the bottomless pit. 

A-POL-O-GETTC, ) a. [Gr. ano\uycopai.] Defending 

A-POL-O-GET'I-CAL, ) by words or arguments ; excu- 
sing ; said or written in defense, or by way of apology. 
Boyle. 

A-POL-O-GET'I-CAL-LY, adv. By way of apology. 

A-POL^O-GIST, n. One who makes an apology ; one who 
speaks or writes in defense of another. 

A-POL'O-GiZE, V. i. To make an apology ; to write or 
speak in favor of, or to make excuse for. 

A-POL'O-Gl-ZER, n. Defender. Hanmer. 

AP'O-LOGUE, 77.. [Gr. arroXoyof.] A moral fable ; a story 
or relation of fictitious events, intended to convey useful 
truths. 

f AP^O-LOGU-ER, 71. Fabler. Burton. 

A-POL'O-GY, 77. [Gr. aiTo\oyia.] An excuse ; something 
said or written in defense or extenuation of what appears 
to others wrong or unjustifiable. 

f AP-O-ME-COM^-E-TRY, ti. The art of measuring things 
at a distance. 

AP-O-NEU-Ro'SIS, ) 77. [Gr. ano and vevpov.] An expan- 

AP-O-NEu'RO-SY, ^ Sion of a tendon in the manner of a 
membrane ; the tendon or tail of a muscle. 

AP-O-PEMP'TIC, a. [Gr. ano and nepno).] Denoting a song 
or hymn among the ancients, sung or addressed to a stran- 
ger. It may be used as a noun for the hymn. 

A-POPH'A-SIS, 71. [Gr. ano and (pacts.] In rhetoric, a wa- 
ving or omission of what one, speaking ironically, would 
plainly insinuate. 

* AP-O-PHLEG-MATTC, [Sec Phlegmatic.] a. [Gr. ano 
and (pXeypa.] Masticatory ; having the quality of exciting 
discharges of phlegm. 

* A P-O-PH LEG-MAT flC, 71. A masticatory; a medicine 
which excites discharges of phlegm from the mouth or 
nostrils. Coxe. 

AP-O-PHLEG'MA-TISM, n. An apophlegmatic. 

AP-O-PHLEG-MAT'I-ZANT, n. An apophlegmatic. 

AP/-OPH-THEGM, or AFO-THEM, ti. [Gr. ano and (pBey- 
pa.] A remarkable saying ; a short, sententious, instruct- 
ive remark. 

A-POPH'Y-GE, ) 77. [Gr. ano and (pvyy.] 1. In architecture, 

A-POPH'Y-GY, I the part of a column where it springs 
out of its base ; the spring of a column. 2. A concave part 
or ring of a column, lying above or below the flat member. 

A-POPH'YL-LITE, n. [Gr. airo and (pvWov.] A mineral. 

A-POPH'Y-SIS, 1 77. [Gr. ano and <pvats.] The projecting 

A-POPH'Y-SY, \ soft end or protuberance of a bone ; a 
process of a bone. 

AP-0-PLE€'TI€, or AP-O-PLEC'TI-CAL, a. Pertaining 
to or consisting in apoplexy, or predisposed to apoplexy. 

AP-0-PI_JE€^TIC, 77. A person affected by apoplexy. 

AP^O-PLEXED, a. Affected with apoplexy. Shak. 

AP'O-PLEX-Y, 77. [Gr. aironXy^ia.] A sudden deprivation of 
all sense and voluntary motion, occasioned by repletion, or 
whatever interrupts the action of the nerves upon the 
muscles. Dryden uses apoplex for apoplexy. 

AP'O-RON, or AP^O-RIME, n. A problem difficult to be 
resolved. 

f AP-OR-RHQ3A, 77. Effluvium. Olanville. 

AP^O-RY, or A-Po'RI-A, n. [Gr. anopia.] 1. In rhetoric, 
a doubting or being at a loss where to begin, or what to 
say, on account of the variety of matter. — 2. In the med- 
ical art, febrile anxiety ; uneasiness. Coxe. 

A-POS-I-O-PE^SIS, I 77,. [Gr. aTrocionycts.] Rcticency or 

A-POS-I-OP''E-SY, ) suppression ; as when a speaker, 
for some cause, ds fear, sorrow, or anger, suddenly 
breaks off his discourse, before it is ended. 

A-POS'TA-SY, 77. [Gr. arcocTacts.] 1. An abandonment 
of what one has professed ; a total desertion or departure 
from one’s faith or religion. 2. The desertion from a 
party to which one has adhered. — 3. Among physicians, 
the throwing off of exfoliated or fractured bone, or the 
various solution of disease. 4. An abscess. 

A-POS'TATE, 77. One who has forsaken the church, sect, 
profession, or party, to wffiichhe before adhered. 

A-POS'TATE, a. False ; traitorous. Spenser. 

AP-OS-TATT-OAL, a. After the manner of an apostate. 

A-POS'TA-TiZE, V. i. To abandon one’s profession or 
church ; to forsake the principles or faith which one has 
professed, or the party to which one has been attached. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BIJLL, UNITE. — G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


APP 


44 


APP 


A-POS<TA-TIZ-ING, ppr. Abandoning a church, profes- 
sion, sect, or party. 

A-POS'T E-MATE, v. i. To form into an abscess j to swell 
and till with pus. 

A-P0S-TE-Ma'T10N, n. The formation of an aposteme ; 
the process of gathering into an abscess ; written, corrupt- 
ly, impostkumation. 

AP-OS-TEM'A-TOUS, a. Pertaining to an abscess ; par- 
taking of the nature of an aposteme. Journ. of Science, 
AP OS-TEME, n. [Gr. aTrooTT/ya.] An abscess ; a swelling 
filled with purulent matter ; written also, corruptly, im~ 
posthume. 

A-POS-TE-Rl-O'RI, [L. posterior.] Arguments a posteriori 
are drawn from effects, consequences, or facts j in oppo- 
sition to reasoning a priori, or from causes previous to 
known results. 

A-POS'TLE, (a-pos'-sl) n. [Li. apostolus ; Gr. arroaroXo?.] 
A person deputed to execute some important business j 
but, appropriately, a disciple of Christ, commissioned to 
preach the gospel. 

A-POS'TLE-fcjHlP, n. The office or dignity of an apostle. 
A-POS'TO-LATE, n. A mission j the dignity or office of 
an apostle. 

AP-OS-TOL'I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining or relating to the 
AP-OS-TOL'I-€AL, I apostles. 2. According to the doc- 
trines of the apostles ; delivered or taught by the apostles. 
AP-OS-TOL'I-CAL-LY, ado. In the manner of the apostles. 
AP-03-T0L'I-CAL-NE}^S, n. The quality of being apos- 
tolical, or according to the doctrines of the apostles. 
AP-OS-TOL'l€S, n. Certain sects so called from their pre- 
tending to imitate the practice of the apostles. 
A-POS'TRO-PHE, I 71. [Gr. auo and arp^?;.] 1. In rhet- 

A-POS'TRO-PIIY, ) oric, a diversion of speech ; a digres- 
sive address ; a changing the course of a speech, and ad- 
dressing a person, who is dead or absent, as if present. — 
2. In grammar, the contraction of a word by the omission 
of a letter or letters, which omission is marked by a com- 
ma ; as, called for called. The comma used for this pur- 
pose may also be called an apostro 2 )hc, 

A-P0S'TR0-PHI€, a. Pertaining to an apostrophe j noting 
the contraction of a word. JShirray. 

A-POS'TRO-PIllZE, V. i. or t. 1. To make an apostrophe, 
or short, detached address in speaking. 2. v. t. To con- 
tract a word by omitting a letter or letters. 3. To mark 
with a comma, indicating the omission of a letter. 
A-POS'TRO-PHlZED, pp. Addressed by way of digres- 
sion ; contracted by the omission of a letter or letters 5 
marked by an apostrophe. 

A-POS'TRO-PHI-ZING, ppr. Addressing in a digression j 
contracting or marking by apostrophe. 

AP'OS-TUME, 71. An aposteme, which see. 
AP-0-TA€'TlTE, n. [Gr. airoraKTog.] One of a sect of an- 
cient Christians, who, in imitation of the first believers, 
renounced all their effects and possessions. 
AIMYTIIe'CA, 71. [L.] An apothecary’s shop. 
A-POTH'E-CA-RY, n. [L. apotkeca.] 1. One wlio prac- 
tices pharmacy ; one who prepares drugs for medicinal 
uses, and keeps them for sale. 2. In the middle ages, an 
apothecary was the keeper of any shop or warehouse. 
APO-THEGM, or AP^O-THEM, n. [See Apophthegm.] 
A remarkable saying ; a short, instructive remark. 
AP-O-THEG-MATTC, 1 a. In the manner of an apo- 
AP-0-THEG-MAT'I-€AL, \ them. 
AP-O-TIIEG'MA-TIST, 71. A collector or maker of apo- 
thems. Pope. 

AP-O-TIIEG'MA-TIZE, V. i. To utter apothems, or short, 
instructive sentences. 

AP'O-THEME, 71. In Russia, an apotliecary’s shop. 
AP-O-TIIe'O-SIS, n. [Gr. anoOewais.] Deification ; conse- 
cration ; the act of placing a prince, or other distinguish- 
ed person, among the heathen deities. 

A-POTIPE-3IS, 71. [Gr.] 1. The reduction of a dislocated 

bone. 2. A place on the south side of the chancel, in 
the primitive churches, furnished with shelves, for books, 
vestments, &c. Whelcr. 

A-POT'O-ME, ) n. [Gr. aTrorr/zvw.] 1. In mathematics, the 
A-POT 0-MY, ^ difference between two incommensura- 
ble quantities. — 2. In music, that portion of a tone major 
which remains after deducting fiom it an interval, less, 
by a comma, than a semitone major. 

AP-O-TREP'SIS, 71. [Gr. otto and rpcTrw.] The resolution 
of a suppurating tumor. Core. 

AP^O-I'RO-PY, 71. [Gr. a7ro and rjSCTrw.] In ancient poetry, 
a verse or hymn composed for averting the wrath of in- 
censed deities. 

AP'O-ZE.M, 77. [Gr. a-rro and i^rw.] A decoction, in which 
the medicinal substances of plants are extracted by boil- 
ing. 

AP-O-ZEMT-GAL, a. Like a decoction. Whitaker. 

I AP-PAIR', V. t. To imi)air. 
t AP-PAlR', V. i. To degenerate. 

AP-PAIJj', V. t. [Fr. palir ; L. palleo.1 1. To depress or 
discourage with fear ; to impress with fear, in such a 


manner that the mind shrinks, or loses its firmness. 2. 
To reduce, allay, or destroy. [Unusual.] Thomson. 

AP-PALL', V. i. To grow faint j to be dismayed. 

AP-PALL'ED, pp. Depressed or disheartened with fear. 

AP-PALL'ING, ppr. Depressing with fear ; reducing. 

AP-PALL'MENT, n. Depression occasioned by fear ; dis- 
couragement. 

AP'PA-NAGE, n. [Fr. apanage.] 1. Lands appropriated 
by a prince to tlie maintenance of his younger sons. 2. 
Sustenance ; means of nourishing. Swift. 

AP-PA-Ra'TUS, 71. pfii. Apparatuses. [L.] 1. Things 
provided as means to some end ; the furniture of a 
house •, instruments of war ; a complete set of instruments 
or utensils, for performing any operation. — 2. In surgery, 
the operation of cutting for the stone. 

AP-PAR'EL, n. [Fr. oppareil.] 1. Clothing ; vesture ; 
garments ; dress. 2. External habiliments or decora- 
tions •, appearance. 3. The furniture of a ship, as sails, 
rigging, anchors, &c. 

AP-PAR'EL, V. t. 1. To dress or clothe. 2. To adorn 
with dress. 3. To dress with external ornaments ; to 
cover, as with garments. 4. To furnish with external 
apparatus. 

AP-PAR'ELED, pp. Dressed ; clothed j covered as with 
dress ; furnished. 

AP-PAR'EL-ING, ppr. Dressing j clothing ; covering as 
with dress ; furnishing. 

f AP-PA'RENCE, (ap-pair'ens) ) n. Appearance. Chau- 

I AP PA'REN CY, (ap pair'en-sy) ^ cer. Qower. 

AP-PA'RENT, (ap-pair'ent) a. 1. That may be seen ; visi- 
ble to the eye ; within sight or view. 2. Obvious j plain j 
evident j indubitable. 3. Visible ; in opposition to hid or 
secret. 4. Visible ; appearing to the eye ; seeming, in 
distinction from true or real. — Heirs apparent are those 
whose right to an estate is indefeasible, if they survive 
the ancestor j in distinction from prestirnptive heirs, who, 
if the ancestor should die immediately, would inherit, 
but whose right is liable to be defeated by the birth of 
other children. Blackstone. 

AP-PA'REA'T-LY, (ap-pair'ent-ly) ado. 1. Openly j evi- 
dently. 2. Seemingly ; in appearance. 

AP-PA'RENT-NESS, (ap-pair'ent-ness) n. That which is 
apparent. 

AP-PA-RP'TION, n. L In a general sense, an appear- 
ance •, visibility. [Little used.] Milton. 2. The thing 
appearing ; a visible object ; a form. Milton. 3. A 
ghost •, a spectre ; a visible spirit. [ This is now the usual 
sense of the ^cord.] 4. Mere appearance, opposed to re- 
ality. Denham. 

AP-PART-TOR, 71. [L. apparo.] Among the Romans, any 
officer who attended magistrates and judges to execute 
their orders. — In England, a messenger or officer who 
serves the process of a spiritual court, or a beadle in the 
university who carries the mace. 

f AP-PAY', V. t. [Sp. apagar.] To satisfy. 

t AP-PeACIP, V. t. To accuse ; to censure. 

t AP-PeACI1'ER, 77 . An accuser. 

t AP-PEACH'MENT, n. Accusation ; charge exhibited. 

AP-PeAL', V. i. [Fr. appeler ; L. appello.] 1. To refer to 
a superior judge or court, for the decision of a cause de- 
pending, or the revision of a cause decided in a lower 
court. 2. To refer to another for the decision of a question 
controverted, or tlie counteraction of testimony or facts. 

AP-PeAL', V. t. To call or remove a cause from an inferior 
to a superior judge or court. 

AP-PeAL', r. t. In criminal law, to charge with a crime ; 
to accuse j to institute a criminal prosecution. 

AP-Pr:AL', n. 1. The removal of a cause or suit from an 
inferior to a superior tribunal ; also, the right of appeal. 
2. An accusation ; a process instituted by a private per- 
son against a man for some crime by which he has been 
injured. 3. A summons to answer to a charge. 4. A 
call upon a person ; a reference to another for proof or 
decision. 5. Resort ; recourse. 

AP-PeAL'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be appealed ; that may 
be removed to a higher tribunal for decision. 2. That 
may be accused or called to answer by appeal. 

f AP-PeAL'ANT, n. One who appeals. Shah. 

AP-PeAL'ED, (ap-peekP) pp. Removed to a higher court, 
as a cause ; prosecuted foV a crime by a private person, 
as a criminal. 

AP-PeAL'ER, n. One who appeals ; an appellor. 

AP-PeALTNG, })pr. Removing a cause to a higher tribu- 
nal ; prosecuting as a private person for an oflense ; re- 
ferring to another for a decision. 

AP-PeAR', V. i. [L. appareo.] 1. To come or be in sight ; 
to be in view ; to be visible. 2. To become visible to 
the eye, as a spirit, or to the apprehension of the mind ; 
a sense frequent in Scripf/ure. 3. 7’o stand in presence of, 
as parties or advocates before a court, or as persons to be 
tried. 4. To be obvious ; to be known, as a subject of 
observation or comprehension. 5. I’o be clear or made 
clear by evidence. 6. To seem, in opposition to reality. 
7. To be discovered, or laid open. 


* Sec Synopsis. A, E, T, 0, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT j— PRgY PIN, MARINE, BIRD j Obsolete. 


APP 


45 


APP 


f AP-PkAR', n. Appearance. 

AP-PeAR ANCE, n. 1. The act of coming into sight ; the 
act of becoming visible to the eye. 2. The thing seen ; a 
phenomenon. 3. Semblance ; apparent likeness. 4. Ex- 
ternal show ; semblance assumed, in opposition to reality 
or substance. 5. Personal presence ; exhibition of the 
person. G. Exhibition of the character j introduction of 
a person to the public in a particular character. 7. Prob- 
ability •, likelihood. Bacon. 8. Presence ; mien ; figure, 
as presented by the person, dress, or manners. 9. A be- 
ing present in court ; a defendant’s filing common or 
spedal bail to a process. 10. An apparition. Addisoiu 
AP-PeAR'ER, n. The person that appears. 

AP-PeAR'ING, ppr. Coming in sight ; becoming evident ; 
making an external show ; seeming ; having the sem- 
blaime. 

AP-PeAR'ING, 71. The act of becoming visible ; appearance. 
AP-PeAS'A-BLE, a. That may be appeased, quieted, 
calmed, or pacified. 

AP-PeAS'A-BLE-NESS, 71. The quality of being appeasa- 
ble. _ 

AP-PeASE', V. t. [Fr. apaiscr.'] To make quiet ; to calm ; 

to reduce to a state of peace ; to still ; to pacify. 
AP-PeAS'ED, (ap-peezd') pp. Cluieted ; calmed ; pacified. 
AP-PeASE'MENT, 71. The act of appeasing 5 the state of 
beii^g in peace. 

AP-PeAS'ER, 71. One who appeases, or pacifies. 
AP-PeAS'IVE, (ap-pe'-siv) a. Having the power to ap- 
pease •, mitigating *, quieting, 
f AP-PEL'LAN-CY, n. An appeal. 

AP-PEL'LANT, n. 1. One who appeals, or removes a 
cause from a lower to a higher tribunal. 2. One who 
prosecutes another for u. crime. 3. One who challenges 
or summons another to single combat. — 4. In church hL^~ 
tory, one who appeals from the Constitution Unigenitus 
to a general council. Milton. 

f AP-PEL'LATE, n. A person appealed, or prosecuted for 
a crime. See Appellee. Ayliffe. 

AP-PEL'EATE, a. Pertaining to appeals ; having cogni- 
zance of appeals *, as, “ appellate jurisdiction.” Const, of 
U. S. Burke. 

AP-PEL-La TION, 71. [L. appellatio.] Name ; the word by 
which a thing is called and known. Spenser uses it for 
appeal. 

AP-PEL'LA-TiVE, a. Pertaining to a common name ; no- 
ting the common name of a species. 

AP-PEL'Lx'V-TiVE, n. A common name, in distinction 
from a proper name. A common name, or appellative^ 
stands for a whole class, genus or species of beings, or 
for universal ideas. 

AP-PEL'LA-TIVE-LY, adv. According to the manner of 
nouns appellative ; in a manner to express whole classes 
or species. 

AP-PEL'LA-TO-RY, a. Containing an appeal. 
AP-PEL-LEE', n. 1. The defendant in an appeal. 2. The 
person who is appealed, or prosecuted by a private man 
for a crime. 

AP-PEL-LOR', 77 . The pei-son who institutes an appeal, or 
prosecutes another for a crime. Blackstonc. 

AP-PEND', V. t. [L. appendo.] 1. To hang or attach to, as 
by a string, so that the thing is suspended. 2. To add, as 
an accessory to the principal thing. Johnson. 

AP-PEND' AGE, n. Something added to a principal or 
greater thing. 

t AP-PEND' ANCE, or | AP-PEND'ENCE, 77 . Something 
annexed. Bp. Hall. 

AP-PEND'ANT, a. Hanging to ; annexed ; belonging to 
something; attached. 

AP-PEND' ANT, 77. That which belongs to another thing, 
as incidental or subordinate to it. 

AP-PEND'ED, pp. Annexed ; attached, 
f AP-PEND' I-€ ATE, v. t. To append ; to add to. Hale. 
i AP-PEN-DI-Ca'TION, 77. An appendage or adjunct. 
AP-PENl>l-CLE, 77. A small appendage. 

AP-PEND'ING, 77. That which is by right annexed. 
AP-PEND'TX, 77. ; pZ77. Appendixes. [L. The Latin plural 
is appendices.] 1. Something appended or added. 2. An 
adjunct, concomitant, or appendage. 3. More generally, 
a supplement or short treatise added to a book. 

I AP-PER-CfA VE', V. t. [Fr. apercevoir.] To comprehend, 
f AP-PER-CeTV'ING, 77. Perception. Chaucer. 
AP-PER-CEP'TION, n. Perception that reflects upon itself; 

consciousness. Reid. 
t AP-PER'TL, 77. Peril : danger. Shak. 

AP-PER-TaIN', V. i. [Fr. appartenir ; L. ad tmd per tine 0 .] 
To belong, whether by right, nature or appointment. 
AP-PER-TaIN'ING, pp. Belonging. 

AP-PER-TaTN'MENT, 77. That which belongs, 
t AP-PER'TE-NANCE, V. t. To have as right belonging. 
AP-PER'TE-NENCE, 77. See Appurtenance. 
AP-PER'TI-NENT, a. Belonging ; now written appurte- 
nant. Shak. 

t AP-PER'TI-NENT, 77 . That which belongs to something 
else. Shak. See Appurtenance. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— 


AP'PE-TENCE, ) 77, [L. appetcntia.] 1. Desire ; especial. 

AP'PE-TEN-CY, i ly carnal desire ; sensual appetite. 
2. The disposition of organized bodies to select and im- 
bibe such portions of matter as serve to support and nour- 
ish them. 3. An inclination or propensity in animals to 
perform certain actions, as in the young to suck, in 
aquatic fowls to enter into water and to swim. 

AP'PE-TENT, a. Desiring ; very desirous. Buck. 

AP-PE-TI-BIL'1-TY, n. The quality of being desirable foi 
gratification. 

AP'PE-TI-BLE, a. [Low L. appetibilis.] Desirable 5 that 
may be the object of sensual desire. 

APPE-TlTE, 77. [L. appetitus.] 1. The natural desire of 
pleasure or good ; the desire of gratification, either of the 
body or of the mind. 2. A desire of food or drink ; a pain- 
ful sensation occasioned by hunger or thirst. 3. Strong 
desire ; eagerness or longing. 4. The thing desiied. 
Swift. 

f AP'PE-TITE, V. t. To desire. Sir T. Elyot. 

AP-PE-Ti"T10N, 77. [L. appetitio.] Desire. [Rarely used.] 

t AP-PE-Ti"TIOUS, a. Palatable ; desirable. 

AP'PE-Tl-TIVE, a. That desires ; that has the quality of 
desiring gratification. 

AP'PI-AN, a. Designating something that belongs to Appius, 
particularly a way from Rome through Capua to Brundu- 
sium, now Brindisi, constructed by Appius Claudius. 

AP-PL.AUD', V. t. [L. applaudo.] I..T 0 praise by clapping 
the hands, acclamation, or other significant sign. 2. To 
praise by words, actions, or other means ; to express ap- 
probation of ; to commend. 

AP-PLAUD'ED, pp. Praised by acclamation, or other 
means ; commended. 

AP-PLAUD'ER, 77. One who praises or commends. 

AP-PLAUD'ING, ppr. Praising by acclamation ; commend- 
ing. “ 

AP-PLAUSE', 77. [L. applausus.] A shout of approbation ; 
approbation and praise, expressed by clapping the hands, 
acclamation or huzzas ; approbation expressed. 

AP-PLAU'SIVE, a. Applauding ; containing applause. 

AP'PLE, 77.. [Sax. appl^ appil ,• D. appel ; Ger. apfel ; Dan. 
mble ; Sw. aple.] 1. The fruit of the apple-tree, [pyrus 
malus,] from which cider is made. 2. The apple of the 
eye is the pupil. — ^pple of love, or love apple, the tomato, 
a species of solanum. 

AP'PLE, V. t. To form like an apple. Marshal. 

AP'PLE-GRAFT, n. A scion of the apple-tree ingrafted. 

AP'PLE-HAR-VEST, n. The gathering of apples, or the 
time of gathering. 

AP'PLE-JOHN. See John-Atple. 

AP'PLE-PIE, 77. A pie made of apples stewed or baked, 
inclosed in paste. 

AP'PLE-SAUCE, 77 . A sauce made of stewed apples. 

AP'PLE-TART, n. A tart made of apples baked on paste. 

AP'PLE-TREE, n. A tree arranged by Linne under the 
genus pyrus. The fruit of this tree is indefinitely various.. 
The crab apple is supposed to be the original kind, from 
which all others have sprung. 

AP'PLE-WOM-AN, n. A woman who sells apples and 
other fruit. 

AP'PLE-YaRD, 77. An orchard ; an in closure for apples. 

|AP-PLI'A-BLE, a. [Sec Apply.] That may be applied. 
This word is superseded by applicable. 

f AP-PLi'ANCE, 77. The act of applying, or thing applied. 

AP-PLT-€A-BIL'I-TY, 77. The quality of being applicable, 
or fit to be applied. 

AP'PLI-€A-BLE, a. That may be applied ; fit to be appli- 
ed, as related to a thing ; that may have relation to some- 
thing else. 

AP'PLI-€A-BLE-NESS, n. Fitness to be applied ; the qual- 
ity of being applicable. 

AP'PLI-€A-BLY, adv. In such a manner that it may be ap- 
plied. 

AP'PLI-€ANT, 77. One who applies ; one who makes re- 
quest ; a petitioner. 

AP'PIjI-€ATE, 77. A right line drawn across a curve, so as 
to be bisected by the diameter ; an ordinate. 

t AP'PLI-OATE, V. t. To apply. Pearson. 

AP'PLI-OATE-OR'DI-NATE. A right line at right angles 
applied to the axis of any conic section, and bounded by 
the curve. Bailey. 

AP-PLI-Ca'TION, 77 . [L. applicatio.] 1. The act of laying 
on. 2 . The thing applied. 3. The act of making request, 
or soliciting. 4. The act of applying as means ; the em- 
ployment of means. 5. The act of fixing the mind ; in- 
tenseness of thought ; close study ; attention. 6 . The 
act of directing or referring something to a particular 
case, to discover or illustrate the agreement or disagree- 
ment. — 7. In sermons^ that part of the discourse in which 
the principles before laid down and illustrated are appli- 
ed to practical uses.* 

AP'PLT-€ A-TIVE, a. That applies. Bramhall. 

AP'PLT-€A-TO-RI-LY, adv. In a manner which applies. 

AP'PLI-€A-TO-RY, a. That includes the act of applying, 

AP'PLI-€A-TO-RY, n. That which applies. Taylor. 


€ as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TII as in this, f Obsolete. 


APP 


APP 46 


AP PLI'EDj (ap-pllde') pp. Put on ; put to ; directed ; em- 
ployed. 

\ AP-PLFED-LY, adv. In a manner which may be applied. 

AP-PLPER, n. One that applies. 

f AP-PLi'MENT, n. Application. Marston. 

AP-PLY', V. t. [L, appLico.'] 1. To lay on ; J:o put one thing 
to another. 2. To use or employ for a particular purpose, 
or in a particular case. 3. To put, refer or use, as suita- 
ble or relative to something. 4. To fix tlie mind ; to be- 
take ; to engage and employ with attention. 5. To ad- 
dress or direct. Pope, 6, To make application ; to have 
recourse by request. 7. To busy ; to keep at work ; to 
ply. [06s.] Sidney. 

AP-PIiY^, V. i. 1. To suit ; to agree ; to have some connec- 
tion, agreement or analogy. 2. To make request ; to so- 
licit j to have recourse, with a view to gain something. 

AP-PLYTNG, ppr. Laying on ; making application. 

AP-POINT', V. t. [Fr. appointer.] 1. To fix ; to settle *, to 
establish; to make fast. 2. To constitute, ordain, or fix 
by decree, order or decision. 3. To allot, assign or desig- 
nate. 4. To purpose or resolve ; to fix the intention. 5. 
To ordain, command or order. 6. To settle ; to fix, name 
or determine by agreement. 

AP-POINT’A-BLE, a. That may be appointed or constitut- 
ed. Madison. 

AP-POINT'ED, pp 1 Fixed ; set established ; decreed ; 
ordained ; constituted ; allotted 2. Furnished ; equipped 
with things necessary 

AP POIN-TEE', n. 1. A person appointed. Whoaton^s Re- 
ports. 2. A foot soldier in the French army, who, for 
long service and bravery, receives more pay than other 
privates. Bailey. 

AP-POINT'ER, n One who appoints. 

AP-POINT'ING, ppr. Setting ; fixing ; ordaining ; consti- 
tuting ; assigning. 

AP-POINT'MENT, n. 1. The act of appointing ; designation 
to office. 2. Stipulation ; assignation ; the act of fixing 
by mutual agreement. 3. Decree ; established order or 
constitution. 4. Direction ; order ; command. 5. Equip- 
ment, furniture, as for a ship, or an army ; whatever is 
appointed for use and management. 6. An allowance to a 
person ; a salary or pension, as to a public officer. 7. A 
devise or grant to a charitable use. 

t AP-PoRT'ER, n. [Fr. apporter.] A bringer in ; one that 
brings into the country 

AP-PoR'TION, V. t. [L. ad and portio.] To divide and as- 
sign in just proportion ; to distribute, among two or more, 
a just part or share to each. 

f AP-PoR'TION-ATE-NESS, n. Just proportion. 

AP-PoR'TIONED, pp. Divided ; set out or assigned in suit- 
able parts or shares. 

AP-PoR'TION-ER, n. One that apportions. 

AP-PoR'TION-ING, ppr. Setting out in just proportions or 
shares 

AP-PoR'TION-MENT, n. The act of apportioning ; a di- 
viding into just proportions or shares. 

AP-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. apposer.] 1. To put questions ; to ex- 
amine. Bacon. 2. To apply. Harvey. 

AP-PoS'ER. n. An examiner ; one whose business is to put 
questions. 

APPO-SiTE, a. [L. appositus.'] Suitable ; fit ; very applica- 
ble ; well adapted. 

AP'PO-SITE-LY, adv. Suitably ; fitly ; properly. 

AP'PO-SITE-NESS, n. Fitness ; propriety ; suitableness. 

AP-P0-SI''T10N, n. 1. The act of adding to ; addition ; a 
setting to. — 2. In fframmarj the placing of two nouns in 
the same case, witliout a connecting word between them. 

[ AP-POS'I-TIVE, a. Applicable. Knatchbull. 

AP-PRaISE', (ap-praze>) v. t. [Fr. apprecier.] To set a 
value ; to estimate the worth, particularly by persons ap- 
pointed for the purpose. See Appiuze. 

AP-PRaISE'MENT, ?{. The act of setting the value ; a val- 
uation. See Apprizemekt. 

AP-PRaI$'ER, 11 . One who values. See Apprizer 

t A P-PRE-G action, 71. [L. apprecor.] Earnest prayer. 

Hall 

AFPRE-GA-TO-RY, a. Praying or wishing any good. 

AP-PRe'CIA-BLE, (ap-pre'sha-bl) a. 1. That may be ap- 
preciated ; valuable. 2. That may be estimated ; capable 
of being duly estimated. 

AP-PRe'CIATE, (ap-pre'shate) v. t. [Fr. apprecier.] 1. To 
value ; to set a price or value on ; to estimate. 2. To 
raise the value of. Ramsay. 

AP-PRe'CIATE, V. i. To rise in value ; to become of more 
value. 

AP-PRe'CIA-TED, pp. Valued ; prized ; estimated ; ad- 
vanced in value. 

AP-PRe'CIA-TING, ppr. Setting a value on ; estimating ; 
rising in value. 

AP-PRE-CI-a'TION, 71. 1. A setting a value on ; a just val- 
uation or estimate of merit, weiglit. or any moral consid- 
eration. 2. A rising in value ; increase of worth or value. 
Marshal. 

AP-PRE-HEND^, V. t. [L. apprehendo.] 1. To take or 


seize ; to take hold of. 2. To take with tlie understand- 
ing, that is, to conceive in the mind ; to understand, 
without passing a judgment, or making an inference. 3. 
To think ; to believ^e or be of opinion, but without posi- 
tive certainty. 4. To fear ; to dntertain suspicion or fear 
of future evil. 

AP-PRE-HEND'ED, pp. Taken ; seized ; arrested ; con- 
ceived ; understood ; feared. 

AP-PRE-HEND'ER, 71. One who takes ; one who conceives 
in his mind ; one who fears. 

AP-PRE-HEND'ING, ppr. Seizing ; taking ; conceiving ; 
understanding ; fearing. 

AP-PRE-HEN'SI-BLE, a. That may be apprehended or 
conceived* 

AP-PRE-HEN'SION, 71. 1. The act of taking or arresting. 

2. The mere contemplation of things, without affirming, 
denying, or passing any judgment ; simple intellection. 

3. An inadequate or imperfect idea. 4. Opinion ; con- 
ception. 5. The faculty by which new ideas are conceiv- 
ed. 6. Fear ; suspicion ; the prospect of future evil, ac- 
companied with uneasiness of mind. 

AP-PRE-HEN'SIVE, a. 1. Ouick to understand. 2. Fear- 
ful ; in expectation of evil. 3. Suspicious ; inclined to 
believe. 4. Sensible ; feeling ; perceptive. Milton. 

AP-PRE-HEN'SIVE-LY, adv. In an apprehensive manner. 

AP-PRE-IIEN'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being appre- 
hensive ; readiness to understand ; fearfulness. 

AP-PREN'TICE, 71. [Fr. apprenti.] 1. One who is bound 
by covenant to serve a mechanic, or other person, for a 
certain time, with a view to learn his art, mystery, or oc- 
cupation, in which his master is bound to instruct him. — 
2. In old law books, a barrister ; a learner of law. 

AP-PREN'TICE, V. t. To bind to, or put under the care of 
a master, for the purpose of instruction in the knowledge 
of a trade or business. 

t AP-PREN'TICE-HOOD, 71. Apprenticeship. Shak. 

AP-PREN'TICE-SHIP, n. 1. The term for which an ap- 
prentice is bound to serve his master. 2. The service, 
state or condition of an apprentice ; a state in which a 
person is gaining instruction under a master. 

t AP-PREN'TIS-AGE, 71. Apprenticeship. Bacon. 

AP-PREST', a. In botany, pressed close ; lying near the 
stem ; or applying its upper surface to the stem. 

AP-PRI.'5E', V. t. [Fr. appris.] To inform ; to give notice, 
verbal or written. 

AP-PRiS'ED, (ap-prizd') pp. Informed ; having notice or 
knowledge communicated. 

AP-PRIS'ING, ppr. Informing ; communicating notice to. 

AP-PRIZE', V. t. [ad, and price, prize ; D. prys y Ger. preis ; 
W. pris y Fr. priser, to prize.] To value ; to set a value 
in pursuance of authority 

AP-PRTZ'ED, (ap-prizd') pp. Valued ; having the worth 
fixed by authorized persons. 

AP-PRTZE'MENT, n. 1. The act of setting a value under 
some authority or appointment ; a valuation. Blackstone. 
2. The rate at which a thing is valued ; the value fixed, 
or valuation 

AP-PRIZ'ER, 71. A person appointed to rate, or set a value 
on articles. 

AP-PRIZ'ING, ppr. Rating ; setting a value under au- 
thority. 

AP-PRiZ'ING, 71. The act of valuing under authority. 

AP-PRoACH', V. i. [Fr. approcher .] 1. To come or go 

near, in place ; to draw near ; to advance nearer. 2. To 
draw near in time. 3. To draw near, in a figurative 
sense ; to advance near to a point aimed at, in science, 
literature, government, morals, &c. ; to approximate. 4. 
To draw near in duty, as in prayer or worship. 

AP-PRoACH^, v.t. 1. To come near to. 2. To have access 
carnally. Lev. xviii. — 3. In sardening, to ingraft a sprig 
or shoot of one tree into another, without cutting it from 
the parent stock. Encyc. 

AP-PRoACH', n. 1. The act of drawing near ; a coming or 
advancing near. 2. Access. — 3. Jn fortiJicatiSn, not only 
the advances of an army are called approaches, but the 
works thrown up by the besiegers, to protect them in 
their advances towards a fortress. 

AP-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. That may be approached ; acces- 
sible. 

AP-PRoACH'ER, V, One who approaches or draws near. 

AP-PRoACH'MENT, n. The act of coming near. 

AFPRO-BATE, a. [L. approbatus.] Approved. 

AP'PRO-BATE, V. t. [L. approbo. Approbate is a modem 
word, but in common use in America. It differs from ap- 
prove, denoting not only the act of the mind, but an ex- 
pression of the act.] To express approbation of ; to man- 
ifest a liking, or degree of satisfaction ; to express appro- 
bation officially, as of one’s fitness for a public trust. 
.7. Eliot. 

AP'PRO-BA-TED, pp. Approved ; commended. 

APTRO-BA-TING, ppr. Expressing approbation of. 

AP-PRO-Ba'TION, 71. [L. cpjirobatio.] 1. The act of ap- 
proving ; a liking ; that state or disposition of the mind, 
in which we assent to the propriety of a thing, with some 


* See Synopsis. a, K, I, 6, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


APP 


47 


Ti«gr<?e of pleasure or satisfaction 2. Attestation ; sup- 
port ; tliat is, active approbation, or action, in favor of 
what is approved. 3. The commendation of a book li- 
censed or permitted to be published by authority, as was 
formerly the case in England. 

AP PllO-BA-TIVE, <u Approving ; implying approbation. 
Milner. 

AP'PRO-BA-TO-RY, a. Containing approbation j express- 
ing approbation. Scott. 

AP-PROMPT', for Prompt. Bacon. 

f AP-PROOP'*, n. Approval. Shak. 

AP-PROP'ER-ATE, v. t. fL. appropero.] To hasten. 

j[ AP-PRO-PIN^Q,UATE, v. i. [L. apjrropinquo,] To draw 
near. 

I AP-PRO-PIN-CUJa'TION, n. A drawing nigh. Hall. 

•f AP-PR0-P1NQ,UE', V. i. To approach. Hudibras. 

AP-PRo'PRf-A-BLE, a. That may be appropriated ; that 
may be set apart, or assigned exclusively to a particular 

use. 

AP-PRoTRI-ATE, a. t. \Yr. approprier.'\ 1. To set apart 
for, or assign to a particular use, in exclusion of all other 
uses. 2. To take to one’s self in exclusion of others *, to 
claim or use, as by an exclusive right. 3. To make pe- 
culiar. 4. To sever an ecclesiastical benefice, and annex 
it to a spiritual corporation, sole or aggregate, being the 
patron of the living. 

AP-PRO'PR[-ATE, a. 1. Belonging peculiarly j peculiar; 
set apart for a particular use or person. 2. Most suitable, 
fit, or proper. 

■f AP-PRo'PRI-ATE, n. Peculiarity. Bacon. 

AP-PRo'PRf-A-TED, pp. Assigned to a particular use ; 
claimed or used exclusively ; annexed to an ecclesiastical 
corporation. 

AP-PRO'PRI-ATE-LY, adv. Fitly. 

AP-PRO'PRI-ATE-NESS, n. Peculiar fitness ; the quality 
of being appropriate, or peculiarly suitable. 

AP-PRO'PRl-A-TING, ppr. Assigning to a particular per- 
son or use ; claiming or using exclusively. 

AP-PRO-PRI- action, n. 1. The act of sequestering, or 
assigning to a particular use or person, in exclusion of all 
others ; application to a special use or purpose. — 2. In 
law, the severing or sequestering of a benefice to the per- 
petual use of a spiritual corporation, sole or aggregate, 
being the patron of the living. 

AP-PRo'PRI-A-TOR, n. 1. One who appropriates. 2. 
One who is possessed of an apf>ropriated benefice. 

AP-PRo'PRI-E-TA-RY, n. A lay possessor of the profits of 
a benefice. 

AP-PROV'A-BLE, a. That may be approved ; that merits 
approbation. 

A.P-PR5V'AL, n. Approbation. 

AP-PROV'ANCE, 71. Approbation Thomson. 

AP-PROVE', V. t. [Fr. approuver L. approbo.'\ 1. To like ; 
to be pleased with ; to admit the propriety of. 2. To 
prove ; to show to be true ; to justify. 3. To experience ; 
to prove by trial. \Motused.] Shak. 4. To make or show 
to be worthy of approbation ; to commend. 5. To like 
and sustain as right ; to commend. 6. To improve. 
Blackstone. 

AP-PROV'ED, (ap-proovd') pp. Liked ; commended ; 
shown or proved to be worthy of approbation ; having the 
approbation and support of. 

AP-PROVE'MENT, n. 1. Approbation ; liking. — 2. In 
law, when a person, indicted for felony or treason, and 
arraigned, confesses the fact before plea pleaded, and ap- 
peals or accuses his accomplices of the same crime, to ob- 
tain his pardon, this confession and accusation are called 
approvement, and the person an approTjer. Blackstone. 3. 
Improvement of common lands, by inclosing and convert- 
ing them to the uses of husbandry. Blackstone. 

AP-PROV'ER, 71. 1. One who approves. Formerly, one 

who proves or makes trial. — 2. In law, one who confesses 
a crime, and accuses another. 

AP-PROV'ING, ppr. Liking ; commending ; giving or ex- 
pressing approbation. 

AP-PROV'ING, a. Yielding approbation. 

f AP-PROXT-MANT, a. Approaching. Dering. 

f AP-PROXT-MATE, a. [L. ad and proxinms.\ Nearest to ; 
next ; near to. \This word is superseded by proximate.] 

AP-PROX'I-MATE, v. t. To carry or advance near ; to 
cause to approach. Burke. 

AP-PROX'I-MATE, v. i. To come near ; to approach. 
Burke. 

AP-PROX-I-Ma'TTON, 71. 1. Approach; a drawing, mov- 
ing, or advancing near. Hale. — 2. In arithmetic and alge- 
bra, a continual approach or coming nearer and nearer to 
a root or other quantity, without being able, perhaps, ever 
to arrive at it. — 3. In medicine, communication of disease 
by contact. 4. A mode of cure, by transplanting a dis- 
ease into an animal or vegetable by immediate contact. 

AP-PROX'I-MA-TIVE, a. Approaching ; that approaches. 
Ed. Encyc. 

AP-PULSE', (ap-puls') n. [L. appulsus.] 1. The act of 
striking against. — 2. In astronomy , the approach of any 


AQU 

planet to a conjunction with the sun, or a star. 3. Ar- 
rival ; landing. 

AP-PUL'SION, 71. The act of striking against by a moving 
body. 

AP-PUL'SIVE, a. Striking against ; driving towards. 

AP-PUR'TE-NANCE, 71 . [so written for appertenence.^ 
[Fr. appartenance.'\ That which belongs to something 
else ; an adjunct ; an appendage. Appropriately, such 
buildings, rights, and improvements, as belong to land, 
are called the appurtenances. 

AP-PUR'TE-NANT, a. 1. Belonging to ; pertaining to of 
right. — 2. In law, common appurtenant is that which is 
annexed to land, and can be claimed only by prescription 
or immemorial usage, on a legal presumption of a special 
grant. Blackstone. 

a'PRI-€ATE, V. i. [L. apricor.] To bask in the sun. Ray 

A-WlC'I-TY, 71. Sunshine. [Little used.l 

a'PRI-€OT, 71. [old orthography, apricock.^ [Fr. ahricot.] 
A fruit belonging to the genus prunus, of the plum kind, 
of an oval figure, and delicious taste. 

a'PRIL, n. [L. Aprilis ; Fr Avril.] The fourth month of 
the year 

a'PRIL-FOOL, 71. He who is imposed upon by others, on 
the first day of April, or April-fool-day. 

A-PRI-O'RI reasoning, i. e. from causes to effects. 

* X'PRON, 71. [Ir. aprun.] 1. A cloth, or piece of leather, 
worn on the forepart of the body, to keep the clothes 
clean, or defend them from injury. 2. The fat skin cov- 
ering the belly of a goose. — 3. In gunnery, a flat piece of 
lead, that covers the vent of a cannon. 4. In ships, a 
piece of curved timber, just above the foremost end of the 
keel. 5. A platform, or flooring of plank, at the entrance 
of a dock, on which the dock gates are shut. 6. A piece 
of leather to be drawn before a person in a gig. 

* a'PRONED, a. Wearing an apron. Pope. 

* a'PRON-MAN, 71. A man who wears an apron ; a labor- 
ing man ; a mechanic. 

AP'RO-POS, (ap'ro-po) adv. [Fr.] 1. Opportunely ; season- 
ably. 2. By the way ; to the purpose ; a word used to 
introduce an incidental observation, suited to the occa- 
sion, though not strictly belonging to the narration. 

AP'SIS, 71. ; plu. Apsides. [Gr. ai//t?.] In astronomy, the 
apsides are the two points of a planet’s orbit, which are at 
the greatest and least distance from the sun or earth ; the 
most distant point is the aphelion, or apogee ; the least 
distant, the perihelion, or perigee. The line connecting 
these is called the line of the apsides. 

APT, a. [L. aptus.] 1. Fit ; suitable. 2. Having a ten- 
dency ; liable. 3. Inclined ; disposed customarily. 4. 
Ready ; quick. 5. Qualified ; fit. 

f APT, V. t. To fit ; to suit or adapt. 

I APT'A-BLE, a. That may be adapted. 

t AP'TATE, V. t. To make fit. Bailey. 

AP'TER, I 71. [Gr. a and nrepov.] An insect without 

AP'TE-RA, i wings. 

AP'TE-RAL, a. Destitute of wings. 

APT'I-TUDE, 77. 1. A natural or acquired disposition for 
a particular purpose, or tendency to a particular action or 
eflect. 2. Fitness; suitableness. 3. Aptness ; readiness 
in learning ; docility. 

APT'LY, adv. In an apt or suitable manner ; with just 
correspondence of parts ; fitly ; properly ; justly ; per- 
tinently. 

APT'NE{?S, n. 1. Fitness ; suitableness. 2. Disposition 
of the mind ; propensity. 3. Quickness of apprehension ; 
readiness in learning ; docility. 4. Tendency, in things. 

AP'TOTE, 71. [Gr. a and Trrwcrtf.] In grammar, a noun 
which has no variation of termination ; an indeclinable 
noun. 

AP'Y-REX-Y, 77. [Gr. a and Trvpeaco).] The absence or in- 
termission of fever. 

AP'Y-ROUS, a. [Gr. airvpog.'] Incombustible, or that sus- 
tains a strong heat without alteration of form or proper- 
ties. 

a'QUA, 77. [L. aqua ; Sp. aaua.] Water ; a word much 
used in pharmacy, and the old chemistry. 

A-QUA FOR'TIS, in the old chemistry, is now called iiitnc 
acid. 

A-QUA MA-RI'NA. A name which jewelers give to the 
beryl, on account of its color. 

A-QUA MI-RAB'I-LIS. A medical water. 

A-QUA RE'GI-A, in the old chemistry, is now called Tiitro- 
muriatic acid. 

A-QUA Vl'TiE. Brandy, or spirit of wine. 

A-QUa'RI-AN, 77 . One of a sect of Christians, in the primi- 
tive church, who consecrated water in the eucharist, in- 
stead of wine. 

A-QUa'RI-US, 77 . [L.] The water bearer ; a sign in the 
zodiac, which the sun enters about the 21st of January. 

A-QUAT'IC, a. [L. aquaticus.'\ Pertaining to water ; ap- 
j3lied to animals which live in water, as fishes. Aquatical 
is rarely used. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BULL, UNITE ; — C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; Oil as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


ARB 


48 


ARC 


A-Q.UAT'I€j n. A plant which grows in water, as the flag. 
AQ,'UA-TILE, a. That iiiliabits the water. Brown. \^Rarchj 
used.'] 

AQ,-UA-TINT'A, n, [L. aqua, and It. tinta.] A method of 
etching on copper, by which a beautiful effect is produced, 
resembling a fine drawing in water colors or Indian 
ink. 

ACl'UE-DUCT, n. [L. aqua and ductus.] A structure made 
for conveying water from one place to another, over un- 
even ground, either above or under the surface 
f A-Q.Uk'I-TY', / i. VVateriness. Jonson. 
a'Q,UE-OUS, a. Watery ; partaking of the nature of water, 
_ or abounding with it. 

a'Q,UE-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being watery ; wa- 
terishness j wateriness. 

AQ,'UI-LA, 71. [L.] In ornithology, the eagle. Also, a 
northern constellation. 

AQ,/U1-L1NE, a. [\j. aquilmus.] 1. Belonging to the eagle. 
2. Curving ; hooked j prominent, like the beak of an 
eagle. 

Ad'UI-LON, n. [L. aqiiilo.'] The north wind. 
Ad-UI-TA'Nl-AN, a. Pertaining to Aquitania, one of the 
great divisions of Gaul. 

I A-Q,CoSE', a. [L. aqua.] Watery. Diet. 
f A-dUOS'J-TY, n. Wateriness. Diet. 

A. R. stand for anno regni, the year of the king’s reign ; as, 
A. R. G. R. 20, in the 20th year of the reign of King 
George. 

AR'A-BESQ,UE, | a. 1. In the manner of the Arabians •, 
AR-A-BESK'Y, ^ applied to ornaments consisting of 
imaginary foliage, stalks, plants, «Stc., in which there are 
no figures of animals. 2. The Arabic language. [JVbt in 
use.] 

A-Ra 'BI-AN, a. Pertaining to Arabia. 

A-Ra'BI-AN, 71. A native of Arabia j an Arab. 

APJA-BIC, a. Belonging to Arabia, or the language of its 
inhabitants. 

AR'A-BI€, n. The language of the Arabians. 
A-RAB'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the Arabian manner. 
AR'A-BISM, 71. An Arabic idiom or peculiarity of language. 
Stuart. 

AR'A-BIST, 71. One well versed in Arabic literature. 
AR'A-BLE, a. [L. aro.] Fit for plowing or tillage 5 hence, 
often applied to land which has been plowed. 

AR'A-BY, 71. Arabia. Milton. 

A-RACIPNOTD, a. [Gr. apa)(yy and In anatomy, 

the arachnoid tunic, or arachnoid, is a semitransparent, 
thin membrane, which is spread over the brain and pia 
mater. 

A-RACH'NOID, n. A s|)ecies of madrepore, found fossil. 
AR-A-CHO'SIAN, a. Designating a chain of mountains 
which divide Persia from India. 

AR-AI-GNEE', or AR-RaIGN', (ar-raneO 71. [Fr.] In for- 
tification, the branch, return, or gallery of a mine. 

I A-RaD?E', V. t. To raise. Shak. 

AR-A-Me'AN, a. Pertaining to Aram, a son of Shem, or to 
the Chaldeans. 

AR'A-MISM, 77. An idiom of the Aramean, or Chaldee lan- 
guage ’, a Chaldaism. 

A-Ra'NE-OUS, a. [L. aranea.] Resembling a cobweb, 
f A-Ra'TION, 77. [L. aratio.] Plowing, 
f- AR'A-TO-RY, a. That contributes to tillage. 
AR-AU-Ca'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Araucanians. Mo- 
lina. 

aR'B A-LIST, 77. [L. arcus and balista.] A cross-bow. 
AR'BA-LIST-ER, n. A cross-bowman. 

AR'BI-TER, n. [L.] 1. A pqj^son appointed, or chosen by 
parties in controversy, to decide their difterences. 2. A 
person who has the power of judging and determining, 
without control. 3. One that commands the destiny, or 
holds the empire, of a nation or state, 
t AR'BI-^’ER, -y. t. To judge. Huloet. 

AR'BI-TRA-BLE, a. Arbitrary ; depending on tlie will. 
Spelman. 

AR-BIT'RA-MENT, 77. 1. Will ; determination. 2. The 
award of arbitrators. Cowel. 

AR'BI-TRA-RI-LY, adv. By will only 5 despotically ; ab- 
solutely. 

AR BI-TRA-RI-NESS, n. The quality of being arbitrary ; 

despoticalness ; tyranny, 
t AR-BI-TRA'RI-OUS, a. Arbitrary ; despotic, 
t AR-BI-TRa'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Arbitrarily.' 
AR'BI-TRA-RY, a. [L. arbitrarius.] 1. Depending on will 
or discretion ; not governed by any fixed rules. 2. Des- 
potic ', absolute in power ; having no external control. 
AR'BI-TRATE, v. i. [L. a7-bitror,] To hear and decide as 
arbitrators. 

AR'Bl- TRATE, v. t. To decide j to determine ; to judge of. 
Milton. 

AR-BI-TRA'TION, 77, 1. The hearing and determination 

of a cause between parties in controversy, by a person or 
persons chosen by the parties, 2. A hearing before arbi- 
trators, though they make no award. [This is a common 
use of the icord in the United States.] 


AR'BI-TRA-TOR, n. 1. A person chosen by a party, or by 
the parties who have a controversy, to determine their 
differences. 2. An arbiter, governor, or president. 3 
An arbiter 5 one who has the power of deciding or pre 
scribing without control. Addison. 

AR-BI-TRa^TRIX, 77. A female judge. Sherwood. 

AR-BIT'RE-MENT, n. Decision 5 compromise. 

AR'BI-TRESS, 77. A female arbiter. 

AR'BOR, 77. 1. A frame of lattice-work, covered with 
vines, branches of trees, or other plants, for shade ; a 
bower. — 2. In botany, a tree, as distinguished from a 
shrub. — 3. In mechanics, the principal part of a machine, 
sustaining the rest. 

AR'BO-RA-RY, a. Belonging to a tree. Diet. 

AR'BO-RA-TOR, n. One who plants or who prunes trees. 
Kvelyn. 

AR -Bo'RE-OUS, a. [L. arboreus.] Belonging to a tree ; re- 
sembling a tree ; constituting a tree j growing on trees. 

AR-BO-RES'CENCE, n. [L. arboresco.] The figure of a 
tree j the resemblance of a tree in minerals, or crystaliza- 
tions, or groups of crystals in that form. 

AR-B0-RESC;ENT, a. 1. Resembling a tree ; having the 
figure of a tree ; dendritical. 2. From herbaceous becom- 
ing woody. 

AR-BO-REiSCENT STAR-FISH. A species of asterias, 
called also caput Medusa. 

AR'BO-RET, 77. [It. arboreto.] A small tree or shrub ; a 
place planted or overgrown with trees. 

t AR-BOR'I-€AL, a. Relating to trees. Howel. 

AR'BO-RIST, 77. One who makes trees his study, or who is 
versed in the knowledge of trees. 

AR-BOR-I-Za'TION, 77. The appearance or figure of a tree 
or plantain minerals or fossils. 

AR'BOR-iZE, V. t. To form the appearance of a tree or 
plant in minerals. 

AR'BOR-VINE, n. A species of bind-weed. 

AR'BUS-CLE, 77. [L. arbxisculus .] A dwarf tree, in size 
between a shrub and a tree. 

AR-BUS'€U-LAR, a. Resembling a shrub ; having the fig- 
ure of small trees. 

AR-BUST'IVE, a. Containing copses of trees or shrubs ; 
covered with shrubs. Bartram. 

AR-BUST'UM, 77. A copse of shrubs or trees *, an orchard. 

AR'BUTE, 77. [L. arbutus.] The strawberry-tree. 

AR-Bu'TE-AN, a. Pertaining to the strawberry-tree. 

ARC, 77. [L. arc 775 .] In geometry, any part of the circum- 
ference of a circle, or curved line, lying from one point to 
another ; a segment, or part of a circle, not more than a 
semicircle, 

AR-CaDE', 77. [Fr.] A long or continued arch j a walk 
arched above. Johnson. 

AR-€a'DI-AN, I a. Pertaining to Arcadia, a district in Pel- 

AR-€a'DIC, \ oponnesus. 

AR-€a'DI€S, 77. The title of a book in Pausanias, which 
treats of Arcadia. 

AR-Ca'DY, 77. The country of Arcadia. Milton. 

AR-CaNE', a. [L. arcanus.] Hidden ; secret. [L. 77.] 

AR-€a'NUM, 77. [L.] A secret ; generally used in the plu- 
ral, arcana, secret things, mysteries. 

ARC-BCU'TANT, n. [Fr.] In building, an arched but- 
tress. 

ARCH, 77. [See Arc.] 1. A segment, or part of a circle. 
A concave or hollow structure of stone or brick, supported 
by its own curve. 2. The space between two piers of a 
bridge, when arched ; or any place covered with an arch. 
3. Any curvature, in form of an arch. 4. The vault of 
heaven, or sky. — Triumphal arches are magnificent struc- 
tures at the entrance of cities, erected to adorn a triumph, 
and perpetuate the memory of the event. 

ARCH, V. t. To cover with an arch ; to form with a curve. 

ARCH, V. i. To make an arch or arches. Pope. 

ARCH, a. [It. arcare.] Cunning ; sly ; shrewd ; waggish ; 
mischievous for sport ; mirthful. 

ARCH, a. [used also in composition.] [Gr. ap'^^og.] Chief; 
of the first class ; principal. Shakspeare uses this w'ord 
as a noun ; “ My worthy arch and patrons but the use 
is not authorized. 

AR'CHA-ISM, 77. [Gr. ap^aiog.] An ancient or obsolete 
phrase or expression. 

t AR-CHaTC, a. Old fashioned ; ancient. 

ARCH-aN'GEL, 77. I. An angel of the highest order ; an 
angel occupying the eighth rank in the celestial hierarchy. 
2. The name of several plants, as the dead-nettle, or la- 
mium. 

ARCH-AN-6EL'IC, a. Belonging to archangels. 

ARCH-A-POS'TATE, 77. A chief apostate. 

ARCH-A-POS'TLE, 77. The chief apostle. 

ARCH-ARCH'I-TECT, n. The Supreme Architect. 

ARCH-BeA'CON, 77. The chief beacon, place of prospect, 
or signal. 

ARCH-BISH'OP, 77. A chief bishop ; a church dignitary of 
the first class ; a metropolitan bishop, wdio superintends 
the conduct of the suffragan bishops, in his province, and 
also exercises episcopal authority in his owm diocese. 


* See S 7 jnopsis. A, E, T, o, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BiRD | Obsolete. 


ARC 49 ARC 


ARCH-BISII/OP-RIO, n. The jurisdiction, place, or prov- 
ince of an archbishop. 

ARCH-BOTCH'ER, n. The chief botcher, or mender, ironi- 
cally. Corbet. 

AKCII-BILD'ER,^’ \ builder. Harmar. 

ARCH-BET'LER, n. A chief butler : an officer of the Ger- 
man empire, who presented the cup to the emperor, on 
solemn occasions. 

ARCH-CHaM'BER-LAIN, n. A chief chamberlain j an 
officer of the German empire. 

ARCII-CHAN'CE L-LOR, 71 . A chief chancellor j an officer 
in the German empire. 

ARCU-CHaNT'ER, n. The chief chanter, or president of 
the chanters of a church. 

ARCfl-GHEAPlG, a. Of supreme chemical powers. 

ARCH. €ON-SP[R'A-TOR, n. Principal conspirator. 

ARCH-COUNT', 71. A chief count j a title formerly given 
to the earl of Flanders. 

ARCn-CRITTC, n. A chief critic. 

ARCH-DAP'I-FER, ?i. An officer in the German em- 
pire. 

ARCH-DeA'GON, (arch-de'kn) n. [See Deacon.] In Eng- 
an ecclesiastical dignitary, next in rank below a 
bishop, who has Jurisdiction either over a part or over the 
whole diocese. 

ARCH-DkA'CON-RY, V. The office, jurisdiction, or resi- 
dence of an archdeacon. 

ARCH-DeA^ON-SHIP, n. The office of an archdeacon. 

ARCH-DI-VT:VE', n. A principal theologian. 

ARCH-DRC'ID, ri. A chief druid, or pontiff of the ancient 
druids. Henry. 

ARCll-Du'CAL, a. Pertaining to an archduke. 

ARCH-DUCH'EfcsS, w. A title given to the females of the 
house of Austria. 

ARCH-DUCH'iT, n. The territory of an archduke or arch- 
duchess. Ash. 

ARCII-DOKE', n. A title given to princes of the house of 
Austria. 

ARCH-DuKE'DOM, n. The territory or jurisdiction of an 
archduke or archduchess. 

ARCH'ED, pp. Made with an arch or curve j covered with 
an arch. 

ARCH-EX'E-MY, n. A principal enemy. Milton. 

AR-CHE-O-LOG'l-CAL, a. Pertaining to a treatise on an- 
tiquity, or to the knowledge of ancient things. 

AR-€HE-0L'0-GY, n. [Gr. a^)(aiog and Xwyof.] A dis- 
course on anti'iuity ; learning or knowledge which re- 
spects ancient times. Pa7ioplist. 

ARCH'ER, 71. [Sp. archero j It. arciero ^ Fr. archer,'\ A 
bowman 5 one who uses a borw in battle j one who is 
skilled in the use of the bow and arrow. 

ARCH'E-RESS, n. A female archer. Markham. 

ARCH'E-RY, n. The use of the bow and arrow ; the prac- 
tice, art, or skill of archers j the act of shooting with a 
bow and arrow. 

ARCII'ES-CoURT, in England, so called from the church 
of St. Mary le hoto, {de arcubus,) whose top is raised of 
stone pillars built archwise, where it was anciently held, 
is a court of appeal, in the ecclesiastical polity, belonging 
to the archbishop of Canterbury. 

AR'CHE-TY-PAL, a. Original j constituting a model or 
pattern. 

AR'GHE-TYPE, n. [Gr. apx^^vnov.] 1. The original pat- 
tern or model of a work ; or the model from which a 
thing is made. — 2. Among minters, the standard weight, 
by which others are adjusted. — 3. Among Platonists, the 
archetypal world is the world as it existed in the idea of 
God before the creation. 

AR-CHe'US, 71. [Gr. apx^, beginning, or apxos, a chief; 
W. erchi.] A term used by the ancient chemists, to de- 
note the internal efficient cause of all things. 

ARCH-FETVON, 71 . A chief felon. Milton. 

ARCH-FIeND', (arch-feend') n. A chief fiend or foe. 

ARCH-FLAM' EY, n. A chief flarnen or priest. 

ARCII-FLAT TER-ER, n. A chief flatterer. 

ARCH-FoE', 71. A grand or chief enemy. 

ARCH-FOUND'ER, n. A chief founder. Milton. 

ARCH-G 6 V'ERN-OR, n. The chief governor. 

ARCH-IIER'E-SY, 7i. The greatest heresy. Butler. 

ARCH-HER'E-TIC, 77 . A chief heretic. Shak. 

ARCII-HI'E-REY, n. [Gr. and tfpoj.j A chief priest 

in Russia. Tooke. 

ARCH-HYP'O-CRITE, n. A great or chief hypocrite. 

ARCH'I-A-TER, 71. [Gr. and larpos,'] Chief physi- 
cian ; a word used in Russia. Tooke. 

ARCH'I-CAL, a. Chief; primary. Hallywell. 

AR-CHI-DI-AC'O-NAL, a. [See Deacon.] Pertaining to 
an archdeacon. 

AR-CHI-E-PIS'GO-PAL, a. Belonging to an archbishop. 

ARCHTL, 71. A lichen which grows on rocks. 

AR-CHI-Lo'CHI-AN, a. Pertaining to Archilochus, the 
poet, who invented a verse of seven feet. 


ARCHT-MA-GUS, n. The high priest of the Persian magi, 
or worshipers of fire. 

AR-CHI-MAND'RITE, n. In cimrch histoi'y, a chief of the 
mandrites or monks, answering to abbot in Europe. 

ARCH'ING, ppr. Forming an arch ; covering with an arch. 

ARCHTNG, a. Curving like an arch. 

ARCH-I-PEL'A-GO, 71 . [Authors are not agreed as to the 
origin of this word. Some suppose it to be composed of 
apxos, chief, and ncXayos, sea ; others, of Aiyaios and 
neXayog, the Egean sea.] In a general sense, a sea inter- 
spersed with many isles ; hutpai'ticularly, the sea which 
separates Europe from Asia, otherwise called the Egean 
sea. 

AR'CriI-TECT, 71. [Gr. apxos and r^xrwv.] 1. A pei-son 
skilled in the art of building ; one who understands ar- 
chitecture, or makes it his occupation to form plans and 
designs of buildings, and superintend the artificers em- 
])loyed. 2. A contriver ; a former or maker. 

AR-CHI-TECTTVE, a. Used in building ; proper for 
building. 

AR-CHI-TECT-OiV'IC, a. That has power or skill to build. 

I AR-CHI-TEGT-ONT-CAL, a. Having skill in architect- 
ure. 

AR-GHI-TECT-ONTCS, ?i. The science of architecture. 

AR-CHI-TECT'RESS, 7i. A female architect. 

AR-CHI-TEGT'U-RAL, a. Pertaining to the art of build- 
ing ; that is according to the rules of architecture. 

AR'CHl-TECT-URE, n. [L. architectura.'\ 1. Tlie art of 
building ; but in a 7nore limited and appropriate sense, the 
art of constructing houses, bridges, and other buildings, 
for the purposes of civil life. 2. Frame or structure. — 
Military architecture is the art of fortification. — JVaval 
architect7ire is the art of building ships. 

AR'CHI-TRAVE, n. [Gr. apxos, and It. trave.] In archi- 
tecture, the lower division of an entablature, or that part 
which rests immediately on the column. In chimneys, 
the architrave is called the 7nantle-piece ; and over doors 
and windows, the hxjpertlnjrion. 

AR'CHI-VAL, a. Pertaining to archives or records ; con- 
tained in records. Tooke. 

AR'GHI-VAULT, 7i. In building, the inner contour of an 
arch, or a band adorned with moldings, running over 
the faces of the arch-stones, and bearing upon the im- 
posts. 

AR'CIIIVES, n.phi. [Gr. apxciov', Low L. archivum ; Fr. 
archives.] The apartment in which records are kept ; al- 
so, the records and papers which are preserved, as evi- 
d 0 ricGS of* f*n,cts 

AR'CHI-VIST, 71. [Fr. and It.] The keeper of archives or 
records. 

ARCIPLIKE, a. Built like an arch. Young. 

ARCH'LUTE, or AKOHT-LUTE, n. [It. arcileuto.] A 
large lute, a theorbo, the base strings of which are 
doubled with an octave, and the higher strings with a 
unison. 

ARCIPLY, adv. Shrewdly ; wittily ; jestingly. 

ARCIT-MAGi"CIAN, n. The chief magician. 

ARCH-MAR'SHAL, n. The grand marshal of the German 
empire. 

ARCH-MOCK', 77. Principal mockery or jest. Shak. 

ARCH'NESS, 77. Cunning ; shrewdness ; waggishness. 

AR'CHON, 71. [Gr. apx(^v.] The archons in Greece were 
chief magistrates, chosen to superintend civil and reli- 
gious concerns. They were nine in number. E7ictjc. 

AR'CHON-SHIP, 77. The office of an archon ; or the term 
of his office. Mitford. 

AR-CHON'TICS, 77. In church history , a branch of the 
Valentinians, who held that the world was not created 
by God, but by angels, archontes. 

ARCH-PAS'TOR, n. Chief pastor, the Shepherd and Bishop 
of our souls. Rarroio. 

ARCH-PHI-LOS'O-PHER, n. A chief philosopher. 

ARCH-PIL'LAR, n. The main pillar. Harmar. 

ARCH-Po'ET, 77. The principal poet. 

ARCH-POL-I-Ti"CIAN, n. An eminent or distinguished 
politician. Baco7i. 

ARCH-PONTIFF, 77. A supreme pontiff or priest. Burke, 

* ARCH-PRe'LATF/, 77 . [See Prelate.] The chief prelate. 

ARCH-PRES'BY-TER, n. A chief presbyter or priest. 

ARCH-PR ES'BY-TER-Y, n. The absolute dominion of 
presbytery, or the chief presbytery. 

ARCH-PRIeST', 77. A chief priest. Encyc. 

ARCH-PRi'MA'TE, 77. The chief primate ; an archbishop. 

ARCH-PROPH'ET, n . Chief prophet. Warton. 

ARCH-PROT'ES-TANT, 71 . A principal or distinguished 
Protestant. 

ARCH-PUB'LI-CAN, n. The distinguished publican. 

ARCH-REB'EL, 77. The chief rebel. Milto7i. 

ARCH-TRaI'TOR, 77. A principal traitor. 

ARCII-TREAS'UR-ER, (arch-trezh'-ur-er) n. The great 
treasurer of the German empire. 

ARCH-TREAS'UR-ER-SHIP, n. The office of archtreasur- 
er. Collins^ Peerage. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.—C as K ; G as J ; .S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 

4 


ARE 


50 


ARG 


ARCH-T^'RANT, n. A principal or great tyrant. Hall. 

ARCli-ViJj LAIN, n. A chief or great villain. 

AllOH-ViL LA-NY, n. Great villany. 

I AilCM-VVIFE', n. A wife in the higher rank of society. 

Cnaacer. 

ARCH vV'iSE, ado. In the form of an arch. 

t ARCII'Y^, a. In the form of an arch. Parthcneia Sacra. 

f AR-CiT E-NEiVT, a. [E. arcitenens.] Bow-bearing. Diet. 

ARC-'J’A'TION, or ARC'Ti-TUDE, «. [L. arctu.^-.] Preter- 
natural straightness j constipation from inflammation. 
Cu.ee. 

ARC'TIC, a. [Gr. apKTo^.] Northern; pertaining to the 
northern constellation called the Bear; as, the arctic pole. 
— I’he arctic circle is a lesser circle, parallel to the equa- 
tor, 28 from the north pole. 1 his and the antarctic 
circle are called the polar circles, and within these lie the 
frigid zones. 

AR0-TO'RUS, [Gr. apicros and oupa.] A fixed star of 
the first magnitude, in the constellation of Bootes. 

All CU-ATE, a. [L. arcuatas.] Bent or curved in the form 
of a bow. 

t All CU-A-TILE, a. Bent. Diet. 

AR-C(J-A'T10N, n. 1. The act of bending ; incurvation ; 
the state of being bent ; curvity ; crookedness ; great 
convexity of the thorax. 2. A method of raising trees by 
layers ; that is, by bending branches to the ground, and 
covering the small shoots with earth. 

AR'CU-BA-LIST, n. [L. arcus and baliita.] A cross- 
bow. 

AR-CU-BA-LIS TER, n. A cross-bowman ; one who used 
the arhalist. 

ARD, the termination of many English words, is the Ger. 
art, species, kind ; Sw. and Dan. art, mode, nature, 
genius, form. VVe observe it in Goddard, a divine tem- 
per ; Giffard, a disposition to gioe, liberality ; Bernard, 
filial affection ; standatd, drunkard, dotard, <x.c. 

AR'DEN-CV, si. [L. nrdens.] Warmth of passion or affec- 
tion ; ardor ; eagerness. 

AR'DENT, a. 1. Hot ; burning ; that causes a sensation 
of burning. 9. Having the appearance or quality of fire ; 
fierce. 3. Warm, applied to the passions and affections ; 
passionate ; affectionate ; much engaged ; zealous. 

AIBDENT-LY, ado. With warmth : affectionately ; pas- 
sionately. 

AR'UENT-NES??, n. Ardency. 

AR'DERS, n. Fallowings or plowings of grounds. Grose. 

AR'DOR, n. [L.] 1. Heat, in a literal sense. 2. Warmth, 

or heat, applied to the passions and affections ; eager- 
ness. 

t AR-Du'T-TY, 71. Height, difficulty. Diet. 

AR'DU-OUS, a. [L. arduus.] 1. High, lofty, in a literal 
sense. '2. Difficult ; attended with great labor, like the 
ascending of acclivities ; as, an arduous employment, 
task, or enterprise. 

AR'DU-OUS-LY, ado. In an arduous manner ; with labo- 
riousness. 

AR'DU-OUS-NESS, n. Height ; difficulty of execution. 

ARE. (ar) The plural of the substantive verb to be. 

ARE, n. [L. area.] In French measure, the new square 
perch, containing a hundred square metres. 

A-RE, or ATj-A-MXRE'. The lowest note, except one, in 
Guido’s scale of music. 

A'RE-A, n. [L.] 1. Any plain surface, as the floor of a 

room, of a church or other building, or of the ground. 2. 
The space or site on which a building stands ; or of any 
inclosure. — 3. In geo/nefr?/, the superficial contents of any 
figure ; the surface included within any given lines ; as, 
the area of a square or a triangle. — 4. Among physicians, 
baldness ; an empty space ; a bald space produced by 
alopecy ; also a name of the disease. — 5. In mining, a 
com pass of ore allotted to diggers. 

f A-IIeAD', or t A-REED', v. i. [Sax. aredan.] To coun- 
sel ; to advise. Spenser. 

a'RE-AL, a. Pertaining to an area. Barton. 

A-REEK', ado. In a reeking condition. Swift. 

AR-E-FAC'TION, n. [L. arcfacio.] The act of drying ; the 
state of growing dry. Bacon. 

AR'E-FY, V. t. To dry or make dry. Bacon. 

A-Rf.'VA, n. [L. sand.] 1. An open space of ground, 
strewed with sand, on which the gladiators, in ancient 
Rome, exhibited shows of fighting for the amusement of 
spectators. Hence, a place for public exhibition. — 2. 
Among nhifskians, sand or gravel in the kidneys. 

AR-E-Na'CEOUS, a. 1. Sandy; having the properties of 
sand. 2. Brittle. 

AR-E-Na'TFON, n. Among physicians, a sand bath ; a 
sprinkling of hot sand upon a diseased person. 

A-llEX'DA-LTTE, n. In mineralogy, another name of epi- 
d'-te, or pktacite. 

ATI-EX-Da tor, n. [Russ, arenda.] In Livonia, and other 
provinces of Russia, a farmer of the farms or rents. 

A-REX-I-TjTT'IG, a. [L. arena, and Gr. X<0O5.] Pertaining 
to sand -stone ; consisting of sand stone. 


ARH3-NOUS I 5 sand. Johnson. 

f A-llEN'U-EOUS, a. Full of small sand. 

AR'E-OLE, or AR-E-O'LA, n. [L.] The colored circle 
round the nipple, or round a pustule. 

AR-E-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. apaios and perpeut.] An instru- 
ment for measuring the specific gravity of liquids. 

All-E-0-MET'Rl-€AL, a. Pertaining to an areometer. 

AR-E-OM E-TRY, n. The measuring or act of measuring 
the specific gravity of fluids. 

All-E-OP-A-GiTT€, a. Pertaining to the Areopagus. Jfit- 
ford. 

AR-E-OP*A-6lTE, (ar-e-op'-a-jite. Walker.) n. A mem- 
ber of the Areopagus. 

AR-E-OP'A-GUS, n. [Gr. Apm and nayo^.] A sovereign 
tribunal at Athens, famous 'for the justice and impartiality 
of its decisions. 

AR-E-OTT€, a. [Gr. npaiof.] Attenuating ; making thin, 
as in liquids ; rarefying. 

AR-E-()'J''i€, n. A medicine which attenuates the humors, 
dissolves viscidity, opens the pores, and increases perspi- 
ration ; an attenuant. Coze. 

AR-E-TOL O-GY, n. [Gr. apery and Xoyoj.] That part of 
moral philosophy which treats of virtue. {lAttle used.] 

AIl'GAL, It. Unrefined or crude tartar, a substance adher- 
ing m the sides of wine casks. 

AR-gk'AN, a. Pertaining to Argo or the Ark. 

AR'GENT, 71. [L. argentum.] 1. The white color in coats 
of arms, intended to represent silver, or purity, inno- 
cence, beauty, or gentleness. — 2. a. 8'ilvery ; of a pale 
white, like silver. .Johnson. 3. a. Bright, lope. 

AR-GEJNT'AL, a. Pertaining to silver ; consisting of sil- 
ver ; containing silver. Cleaveland. 

AR'GEN-TATE, II. A combination of the argentic acid 
with another substance. 

AR-GEN-I’A'TION, 77. An overlaying with silver. 

All GENT-HORNED, a. Silver-horned. 

AR-GENT'IG, a. Pertaining to silver. 

AR-GEN-TIF ER-OUS, a. [L. at gentum.] Producing sil- 
ver. K'rrwan. 

AR-GEN-TFNA, I 71. In ichthyology, a genus of fishes of 

aR'GEN-TTNE, ; the order of abdominals. — Argentina is 
also a name of the wild tansy, silver-weed. Coze. 

AR'GEN-TT.NE, a. Like silver ; pertaining to silver, or 
sounding like it. Johnson. 

AR'GEN-'fTNE, n. In mineralogy, a sub-species of carbon- 
ate of lime, nearly pure. 

t AK'GENT-llY, 77. Materials of s'lver. Howel. 

AR'GlL, 71. A species of the ardea, or genus of cranes. 

AR'GIL, 77. [L. argilla.] In a general sense, clay, or pot- 
ter’s earth ; but in a technical sense, pure clay, or alu- 
mine. 

AR-GIL-La'CEOUS, fl. \1j. argiUaceus.] Partaking of the 
nature of clay ; clayey ; consisting of argil. 

AR-GIL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. argilla and/ero.] Producing 
clay. 

AR'GIL-LITE, n. Argillaceous shist or slate ; clay-slate. 
Kirwan. 

AR-GIL-LITT€, a. Pertaining to argillite. 

AR-GIL-LO-€AL'CiTE, 71. [L. argilla and calx.] A spe- 
cies of calcarious earth, with a large proportion of clay. 

AR-GIL-LO-MU'RITE, n. [L. argilla.] A species of earth, 
consisting of magnesia, mixed with silex, aluraine, and 
lime ; a variety of magnesite. 

AR-GIL'LOUS, a. Consisting of clay ; clayey ; partaking 
of clay ; belonging to clay. Brown. 

AR'GIVE, n. Designating what belongs to Argos, the 
capital of Argolis in Greece, whose inhabitants were 
called Jirgivi. 

AR'GO, 77. The name of the ship which carried Jason and 
his fifty-four companions to Colchis. 

AR'GO-Na'VI?, the ship ./irgo, is a constellation in the 
southern liemisphere. 

AR-Go'AN, a. Pertaining to the ship Argo. Faber. 

AR-GOL'IC, a. Belonging to Argolis. 

AR-GOL'ICS, 77. The title of a chapter in Pausanias, which 
treats of Argolis. 

AR'GO-NAUT, 77. [Gr Apyw and vavryg,] One of the per- 
sons who sailed to Colchis with Jason, in the Argo, m 
quest of the golden fleece. 

AR-GO-NA(JT'A, n. A genus of shell-fish, of the order of 

fp^fni*pn 

AR-GO-NAUTRC, a. Pertaining to the Argonauts. 

AR-GO-NAUTRCS, n. A poem on the subject of the expe- 
dition of the Argonauts. 

ARGO-SY, 77. [Pp. Argos, Jason’s ship.] A large mer- 
chantman ; a carrac. Shak. 

AR'GUE, i. [L. arguo.] 1. To reason; to invent and 
offer reasons to support or overthrow a proposition, opin- 
ion or measure. 2. To dispute ; to reason with ; follow- 
ed by with. 

AR'GUE, V. t. 1. To debate or discuss ; to treat by reason- 
I ing. 2. To prove or evince ; to manifest by inference or 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 5, U, Y, long.^FAR, FALL, WHAT PR£Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


ARI 


5J 


ARM 


deduction, or to show reasons for. 3. To persuade by 
reasons. 4. Formerly^ to accuse, or charge with j a Latin 
sense, now obsolete^ JJryden. 

XR'Gt/ED, pp. Debated; discussed; evinced; accused. 

AR'GD-ER, n. One who argues ; a reasoner ; a disputer ; 
a controvertist. 

AR'GU-ING, ppr. Inventing and offering reasons ; disput- 
ing ; discussing ; evincing ; accusing. 

AR'GlJ-Ix\G, 71. Reasoning ; argumentation. 

AR^GU-MENT, n, [L. ara’umentum.] 1. A reason offered 
for or against a proposition, opinion, or measure ; a reason 
offered in proof, to induce belief, or convince tlie mind. 
— 2. In lo^ic, an inference drawn from premises, which 
are indisputable, or at least of probable truth. 3. The 
subject of a discourse or writing. Milton. 4. An abstract 
or summary of a book, or the heads of the subjects. 5. A 
debate or discussion ; a series of reasoning. — b. In astron- 
omy, an arch by which we seek another unknown arch, 
proportional to the first. 

t AR'GLT-MENT, v, i. To reason ; to discourse. Gower. 

AR-GLJ-MENT'A-liLE, a. That may be argued. Dr. Chal- 
mers. 

AR-GU-MENT/AL, a. Belonging to argument ; consisting 
in argument. Pope. 

AR-GU-MENT-a'TION, n. Reasoning; the act of reason- 
ing ; the act of inventing or forming reasons, making in- 
ductions, drawing conclusions, and applying them to the 
case in discussion. 

AR-GU-MENT'A-TlVE, a. 1. Consisting of argument ; 
containing a process of reasoning. 2. Showing reasons 
for. 

AR-GU-MENT'A-TIVE-LY, adv. In an argumentative 
manner. Tayl(rr. 

t AR'GU-MENT-IZE, v.i. To debate. 

t AR'GU-MENT-I-ZER, n. One who debates or reasons. 
Brady. 

AR'GUS, n. A fabulous being of antiquity, said to have had 
a hundred eyes, placed by Juno to guard lo. 

AR'GUS-SHELL, n. A species of porcelain-shell, beautiful- 
ly variegated with spots. 

f AR-GU-TA'TION, 71. [L. argutatio.1 Debate; cavil; dis- 
putation. 

AR-GuTE', a. \h. argutus.'^ Sharp; shrill,* witty. [Little 
use(L'\ 

AR-GuTE'NESS, n. Acuteness ; wittiness. [Little wsed.] 
Dryden. 

A'Rl-A, 11 . [It.] An air, song, or tune. 

A'RI-AX, a. Pertaining to Arius, or his doctrines. 

A'Rt-AN, n. One who adheres to the doctrines of Arius. 

A'RI-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines of the Arians. 

A'RI-AN-iZE, V. i. To admit the tenets of the Arians. 

AR'ID, a. [L. aridus.] Dry ; exhausted of moisture ; parch- 
ed with heat. 

AR'I-DAS, 71. A kind of taffety, from the East Indies. 

A-RID'I-TY, ) n. 1. Dryness; a state of being without 

AR'ID-NESS, ^ moisture. 2. A dry state of the body ; 
emaciation. 

A'RI-ES, n. [L.] The Ram, a constellation of fixed stars ; 
the first of the twelve signs in the zodiac. 

AR'I-E-TATE, v. i. [L. arieto.] To butt, as a ram. 

AR-I-E-TA'TION, n. 1. The act of butting, as a ram. The 
act of battering with the aries or battering ram. 2. The 
act of striking or conflicting. [Rarely used.'\ 

AR-l-ET'TA, n. [It.] A short song; an air, or little 
air_. 

A RIGHT', adv. [Sax. gericht.'\ Rightly ; in a right form ; 
without mistake or crime. 

AR'IL, or A-RIL'LUS, n. The exterior coat or covering 
of a seed, fixed to it at the base only. 

AR'IL-LA-TED, | a. Having an exterior covering, or aril, 

AR'ILLED, \ as coffee. Kncyc. Eaton. 

AR'I-MAN, AR'I-MA, or AH'RI-MAN, n. [Per. ahi'iman.] 
The evil genius or demon of the Persians. 

AR-I-O-LA'TION, or HAR-T-O-LA'TION, n. [L. ariolus, 
or hariolus.] A soothsaying ; a foretelling. Brown. 

AR-I-o'SO, a. [It.] Light ; airy. But, according to Rous- 
seau, applied to music, it denotes a kind of melody bor- 
dering on the majestic style of a capital air. 

A-RT^E', V. i. pret. arose; pp. arisen: (a-rlze', a-roze', 
a-rizn') [Sax. arisaii.] 1. To ascend, mount up, or move 
to a higher place. 2. To emerge from below the horizon. 
3. To get out of bed ; to leave the place or state of rest ; 
or to leave a sitting or lying posture. 4. To begin ; to 
spring up ; to originate. 5. To revive from death ; to 
leave the grave. 6. To begin to act ; to exert power ; to 
move from a state of inaction. 7. To appear, or become 
known ; to become visible, sensible or operative. 8. To 
be put in motion ; to swell or be agitated. 9. To invade, 
assault or begin hostility ; followed by aaainst. 

A-RIS'IXG, ppr. Ascending ; moving upward ; originating 
or proceeding ; getting up ; springing up ; appearing. 

A-RbST'A, Ti. [L.] In botany, awn, the long, pointed beard, 
which issues from the husk, or scaly flower-cup of the 
grasses, called the glume. Milne. 


aptoToj and ap;^>?.] A body of 
government by excellent men 


AR-IS-TAR'€HY, n. [Gr 
good men in power, or 
Harington. 

AR-IS-IOG'RA-CY, 7i. [Gr. af»taroj and Arpareo).] A form 
of government, in which the whole supreme power is 
vested in the principal persons of a state. A few 
men distinguished by their rank and opulence."^* 

A-R IST'0-€R AT. , n. One who fav*ors an aristocracy in prin- 
ciple or practice. Burke. ^ 

A-RlS-TO-€RAT'I€, 

A-RIS-TO-€RAT'I-OAL 
A-RIS-TO-€RAT'I-€AL 
ner. 

A-R IS-TO-GR AT'I-€ AL-NESS, 
aristocratical. 


) a. 1. Pertaining to aristocracy*. 
i,J 2. Partaking of aristocracy. 
i-LY, adu. In an aristocratical man- 


71. The quality of being 


AR-IS-TO€'RA-TY, n. The same as aristocracy. Burton. 

AR-IS-TO-TE'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to Aristotle. 

AR-IS-TO-Te'LI-AN, n. A follower of Aristotle, who 
founded the sect of Peripatetics. 

AR-IS-TO-Te'LI-AN-ISM, n. The philosophy or doctrines 
of Aristotle. 

AR-IS-TO-TEL'I€, a. Pertaining to Aristotle or to his phi- 
losophy. 


* AR'ITII-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. apiOpos and pavrcia.] Divina- 
tion or the foretelling of future events by the use or obser- 
vation of numbers. 

A-RITIl'ME-Tie, 71. [Gr. apiOprjTiKrj.] The science of num- 
bers, or the art of computation. 

AR-ITH-MET'IG, ) a. Pertaining to arithmetic ; ac- 

AR-1TH-MET'I-€AL, \ cording to the rules or method of 
arithmetic. 

AR-ITH-MET'I-€AL-LY, adv. According to the rules, 
principles or method of arithmetic. 

A-RlTH-ME-Ti''CIAN, n. One skilled in arithmetic, or 
versed in the science of numbers. 

ARK, n. [Fr. arche ; L. area.] 1. A small, close vessel, 
chest or coffer, such as that which was the repository of 
the tables of the covenant among the Jews. Ihe vessel 
in which Moses was set afloat upon the Nile was an ark 
of bulrushes. 2. The large, floating vessel, in which 
Noah and his family were preserved during the deluge. 
3. A depository. 4. A large boat used on American riv- 
ers, to transport produce to market. 

ARK iTE, n. A term used by Bryant to denote one of the 
persons who were preserved in the ark ; or w'ho, accord- 
ing to pagan fables, belonged to the ark. 

ARK'ITE, a. Belonging to the ark. Bryant. 

ARK'TI-ZITE, or AR€'TI-ZITE, n. A mineral, now called 
Wernerite. 

ARM, 71. [Fax. arm, carm ; D. G. Sw; Dan. arm ; L. ar- 
mus.] 1 . The limb of the human body, which extends from 
the shoulder to the hand. 2. The branch of a tree, or the 
slender part of a machine, projecting from a trunk or axis. 
3. A narrow inlet of water from the sea. 4. Figurative- 
ly, pow’er, might, strength ; as the secular arm. 

ARM, V. t. [L. armo ; Fr. armer ,* Fp. armar ,* It. armare.] 
1. To furnish or equip with weapons of offense or de- 
fense. 2. To cover with a plate, or with whatever will 
add strength, force, or security. 3. To furnish with 
means of defense ; to prepare for resistance ; to fortify. 

ARM, V. i. To provide with arms, weapons, or means of at- 
tack or resistance ; to take arms. 

AR-Ma'DA, 77. [Fp.] A fleet of armed ships; a squadron. 
The term is usually applied to the Fpanish fleet, called 
the Invincible .Armada, consisting of 130 ships, intended 
to act against England in the reign of Elizabeth. 

AR-MA-lilL'LO, n. [Fp.] A quadruped peculiar to Ameri- 
ca, called also tatco, and in zoology, the dasypus. 

AR'MA-MENT, 7?. [L. armamenta.] A body of forces equip- 
ped for war ; used of a land or naval force. 

AR-MA-MENT'A-RY, n. An armory ; a magazine or 
arsenal. [Rarely ?7scd.] 

AR'MA-TTTRE, n. [L. armatura.] 1. Armor ; tliat which de- 
fends the body. — 2. In ancient military art, an exercise per- 
formed with missive w’eapons, as d^rts, spears and arrows. 

AR'MAN, 77. A confection for restoring appetite in horses. 
Diet. 


ARMED, pp. 1. Furnished with weapons of offense or de- 
fense ; furnished with the means of security ; fortified, in 
a moral sense. — 2. In heraldry, armed is when the beaks, 
talons, horns, or teeth of beasts and birds of prey are of a 
different color from the rest of the body. 3. Capped and 
cased, as the load stone ; that is, set in iron. 

ARMEJI-CHAIR, n. An elbow-chair. 

AR-Me'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Armenia. 

AR-Me'NI-AN, n. A native of Armenia, or the language of 
the country. 

Armenian hole is a species of clay from Armenia, and found 
in other countries. 

Armenian stone, a soft blue stone, consisting of calcarious 
earth or gypsum, with the oxyd of copper. 

t AR-MENT'AL, ) a. [L. armentalis.] Belonging to a drove 

I AR-MENTTNE, ^ or herd of cattle. Diet. 


* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


ARO 


52 ARR 


t AR-MEN-TOSE', a. Abounding with cattle. Diet. 

ARME-PU-IS'3ANT, a. Powerful in arms. Weever. 

ARM'FUL, n. As much as the arms can hold. 

t ARM'GAUNT, a. Slender, as the arm. Sliak. 

ARM'HoLE, 71 . 1. The cavity under the shoulder, or the 
armpit. 2. A hole for the arm in a prmeiit. 

AR-MIG'ER-OUS, a. [h. armiger.'\ LtteraZZ?/, bearing arms. 
But in present usage, armiger is a title of dignity next in 
degree to a knight. Armiger is still retained with us as a 
title of resj)ect, being the Latin word equivalent to esquire, 
which see. 

AR'MIL-LA-RY, a. [Ij. armilla.'] Resembling a bracelet, 
or ring ; consisting of rings or circles. 

f AROIIL-LA-TED, a. Having bracelets. 

AR3P1NG, ;>pr. Equipping with arms ; providing with the 
means of defense or attack. 

ARM'IXGS, 71. The same as waist-clothes, hung about a 
ship’s upper works. Chambers. 

AR-MlN'i AN, a. Pertaining to Arininius, or designating his 
principles. 

AR-MINHAN, n. One of a sect or party of Christians, so 
called from Arminius, or Harmansen. 

AR-311N'IAN-ISM, n. The peculiar doctrines or tenets of 
the Arminians. 

AR-MIP'O-TENCE, n. [L. arma and potentia.l Power in 
arnis. Johnson. 

AII-MIP'O-TENT, a. Powerful in arms. 

AR-jMIS'O-NOUS, a. Sounding or rustling in arms. 

AR'-MIS-TXCE, n. [L. arrna and sisto ; Fr. arinistice.] A 
cessation of arms, for a short time, by convention -, a 
truce ; a temporary suspension of hostilities by agreement 
of the parties. 

ARM'LESS, a. Without an arm *, destitute of weapons. 
Beaumont. 

ARM'LET, 71. A little arm ; a piece of armor for the arm ; 
a bracelet. Dryden. 

AR-MO'NI-A€, n. A sort of volatile salt. See Ammoniac. 

AR'MOR, 71. 1. Defensive arms ; any habit worn to protect 
the body in battle ; formerly called harness. Coat-armor 
is the escutcheon of a person or family. 

AR'MOR-BEaR-ER, 71. One who carries the armor of 
another. 

AR'MOR-ER, n. A maker of armor or arms ; a manufactur- 
er of instruments of war. 

AR-Mo'Rl-AL, a. Belonging to armor, or to the arms or 
escutcheon of a family. 

AR-MOR'IG, or AR-MOR'I-CAN, a. Designating the north- 
western part of France, formerly called Armorica. 

AR-MORTG, 71. The language of the Armoricans j one of 
the Celtic dialects. 

AR-MORT-CAN, n. A native of Armorica. 

AR'MOR-IST, n. One skilled in heraldry. 

AR'MO-RY, 71. 1. A place where arms and instruments of 
war are deposited. 2. Armor ; defensive arms. 3. En- 
signs armorial. 4. The knowledge of coat-armor ; skill in 
heraldry. 

ARMTIT, 71. The hollow place under the shoulder. 

ARMS, 71. plu. [L. arma ; Fr. arme ,* Sp. It. arma."] 

1. Weapons of offense, or armor for defense and protection 
of the body. 2. War ; hostility. 3. The ensigns armorial 
of a family. Fire arms are such as may be charged with 
powder, as cannon, muskets, mortars, &c. A stand of 
arms consists of a musket, bayonet, cartridge-box and 
belt, with a sword. — In falconry, arms are the legs of a 
hawk from the thigh to the foot. 

AR MS-END, 71. At the end of the arms ; at a good distance. 

ARMS'REACH, n. Within the stretch of the arm. 

AR'M Y, 71. [Fr. armie.'] 1. A collection or body of men 
armed for war. 2. A great number ; a vast multitude. 

AR'NOLD-IST, n. A disciple of Arnold of Brescia. 

AR'NOT, n. A name of the bunium, pignut or earthnut. 

AR-NOT TO, 71. The anotta, which see. Also, a tree so 
called. 

AR'NUTS, 71. Tall oat grass. 

f A-ROINT'. See Aroynt. 

A-Ro'MA, ) n. [Gr. apiopa.] The quality of plants which 

AR'O-MA, I constitutes their fragrance. 

AR-0-MATff€, or AR-O-MAT I-CAL, a. Fragrant ; spicy ; 
strong-scented ; odoriferous ; having an agreeable odor. 

AR-0-MAT'I€, 71. A plant which yields a spicy, fragrant 
smell, or a warm, pungent taste. 

AR'O-MA-TiTE, n. A bituminous stone. Coze. 

AR-O-MAT-I-Za'TION, 77. The act of impregnating or 
scenting with aroma, or rendering aromatic. 

* AR'O-M A-TTZE, v. t. To impregnate with aroma ; to in- 
fuse an aromatic odor ; to give a spicy scent or taste j to 
perfume. 

* AR'O-M A-TIZ ED, pp. Impregnated with aroma ; rendered 
fragrant. 

* AR'O-M A-TI-ZER, n. That which communicates an aro- 
matic quality. Evehjn. 

* AR'O-M A-TI-ZING, ppr. Rendering spicy ; impregnating 
with aroma. 


A-Ro'MA-TOUS, a. Containing aroma, or the principle of 
fragrance. 

AR'OPH, 77. 1. A name by which saffron is "sometimes 
called. 2. A chemical preparation of Pariicelsus, formed 
by sublimation from equal quantities of hematite and sal 
ammoniac. 

A-RcSE'. The past or preterit tense of the verb to 
arise. 

A-ROUND', prep. 1. About ; on all sides ; encircling ; en- 
compassing. 2. In a looser sense, from place to place ; at 
random. 

A-ROUND', adv. 1. In a circle ; on every side. 2. In a 
looser sense, at random ; without any fixed direction. 

A-ROU'RA, 77. [Gr.] A Grecian measure of fifty feet. 

A-ROUSE', (a-rouz') v. t. To excite into action that which 
is at rest ; to stir, or put in motion or exertion, that which 
is languid. 

A-ROUis'ED, (a-rouzd') pp. Excited into action j put in mo- 
tion. 

A-ROUS'ING, ppr. Putting in motion j stirring j exciting 
into action or exertion. 

A-RoW', adv. In a row ; successively. 

t A-ROANT', adv. Be gone ; away. Shak. 

AR-PEG'GiO, 77. [It.] The distinct sound of the notes of an 
instrumental chord, accompanying the voice. Walker. 

AR'PENT, 77. [Fr. arpeut.^ A portion of land in France, 
ordinarily containing one hundred square rods or perches, 
each of 18 feet. But the arpent is different in different 
parts of France. 

AR-(iUE-BU-SADE', n. 1. A distilled liquor applied to a 
bruise. 2. The shot of an arquebuse. 

AR'aUE-BUSE, or HaR QUE-BUSE, t 7. A hand gun ; a 
species of fire arms, anciently used, which was cocked 
with a wheel. 

AR-Q,UE-BU-SI£R', n. A soldier armed with an arque- 
buse. 

fARR, 77. A mark made by a flesh wound, a cicatrice. 
Relph. 

t AR'RA, 77. [L. arrha, or arra."] A pledge. Anderson. 

AR'RACH, 77. A plant. See Orrach. 

AR-RACK', 77. Contracted into rack. A spirituous liquor 
imported from the East Indies, which usiuilly bears this 
name, is toddy, a liquor distilled from the juice of the co- 
coa-nut tree, procured by incision. 

AR'RA-GO-NiTE, n. In mineralogy, a species of carbonate 
of lime, but not pure. 

AR-RaIGN', (ai rane') u. f . [Norm. GTvoTicr.] 1. Tocallorset 
a prisoner at the bar of a court, to answer to the matter 
charged against him in an indictment or information. 

2. According to law writers, to set in order ; to fit for 
trial. 3. To accuse ; to charge with faults ; to call before 
the bar of reason or taste. 

AR-RaIGN', (ar-rane') n. Arraignment ; as, clerk of the 
arraigns. Blackstone. 

AR-RaIGN'ED, (ar-raiid') pp. Called before a tribunal to 
answ'er, and elect triers ; accused ; called in question. 

AR-RaIGN'ING, ppr. Calling before a court or tribunal j 
accusing. 

AR-Ra 1GN'MENT, (ar-rane'ment) n. [Norm, arresnement, 
arraynement.'\ 1. The act of arraigning. 2. Accusation, 

3. A calling in question for faults. 

t AR-RaI'MENT, 77. Clothes ; garments. We now use rai- 
ment. 

t AR'R AND, 77. The old word for errand ; message. How- 
ell. _ 

AR-RaNGE', V. t. [Fr. arranger.] 1. To put in proper 
order ; to dispose the parts of a whole in the manner in- 
tended, or best suited for the purpose. 2. To adjust ; to 
settle ; to put in order ; to prepare. 

AR-RaNG'ED, (ar-raiijd') pp. Put in order ; disposed in the 
proper order ; adjusted. 

AR-RaNgE'MENT, 77. 1. The act of putting in proper or- 
der ; the state of being put in order ; disposition in suita- 
ble form. 2. That which is disposed in order ; system of 
parts disposed in due order. 3. Preparatory measure ; 
previous disposition. 4. Final settlement ; adjustment 
by agreement. 5. Classification of facts relating to a sub- 
ject, in a regular, systematic order. 

AR-RaNG'ER, 77. One that puts in order. 

AR-RaNG'ING, ppr. Putting in due order or form ; ad- 
justing. 

AR'RANT, a. Notorious, in an ill sense ; infamous ; mere ; 
vile. 

AR RANT-LY, adv. Notoriously, in an ill sense ; infa- 
mously ; impudently ; shamefully. 

AR'RAS, 77. [from Arras, in Artois, W’here this article 
is manufactured.] Tapestry ; hangings wove with fig- 
ures. 

t AR-RAUGHT', a. Seized by violence. Spenser. 

AR-RaY', 77. [Norm, arnie.] 1. Order; disposition in regu- 
lar lines ; as an army in battle arrnf. Hence, a posture 
of defense. 2. Dress ; garments disposed in order upon 
the jierson. Dryden. — 3. In law, the act of impanneling a 
jury ; or a jury impanneled. 


* Sec Synopsis, 5, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


ARR 


53 


ART 


AR-RAY^ V. t. 1. To place or dispose in order, as troops for 
battle. 2. To deck or dress ; to adorn with dress. 3. To 
set a jury in order for the trial of a cause ; that is, to call 
theju man by man. Blackstone. 4. 'I'o envelop. 
AK-KaY'ED, (ar-rade') pp. Set in order, or in lines ; ar- 
ranged in order fur attack or defense j dressed : adorned 
by dress ; impanneled. 

AR-RaY'EH, 7 ?. One who arrays. — In English history, an 
officer who had a commission of array, to put the soldiers 
of a county in a condition for military service. 
AR-RaY^IiNG, ppr. Setting in order j putting on splendid 
raiment ; impanneling. 

f AR-ReAR', ado. [Fr. arriere,] Behind ; at the hinder 
part^ Spenser. 

AR-ReAR', 7 ^. That which is' behind in payment, or which 
remains unpaid, though due. — In arrear, behind in pay- 
meivt. 

AR-Rb^\.R'AGE, 7i. Arrears *, any sum of money remaining 
unpaid, after previous payment of a part, 
t AR-ReAR'AJN'CE, 71. The same with arrear. Diet. 
AR-REGT', or AR-RE€T'ED, a. [L. arrectus.] Erect ; at- 
tentive ; as a person listening, 
t AR-REGT[, V. t. To raise or lift up. Skelton. 
AR-REN-Ta'-TION, n. [Sp. arrendar.] In the forest laics 
of England, a licensing the owner of land in a forest to 
inclose it with a small ditch and low hedge, in considera- 
tion of a yearly rent. Cowel. 

AR-REP-Ti"TIOUS, a. [^L. arreptus.'] 1. Snatched away. 

2. lad and repo.'] Crept m privily. Johnson. 

AR-REST', V. t. [Fr. an iter.] 1. To obstruct ; to Stop ; to 
check or hinder motion. 2. To take, seize or apprehend 
by virtue of a warrant from authority. 3. To seize and 
fix. 4. To hinder, or restrain. 

AR-REST', 71. 1. The taking or apprehending of a person by 
virtue of a warrant from authority. 2. Any seizure, or 
taking by power, physical or moral. 3. A stop.hinderance 
or restraint. — 4. In law, an arrest of judgment is the stay- 
ing or stopping of a judgment after verdict, for causes 
assigned. 5. A mangy humor between the ham and pas- 
tern of the hind legs of a horse. 

AR-REST-a'TION, 71. The act of arresting ; an arrest or 
seizure. 

AR-REST'ED, pp. Seized j apprehended ; stopped ; hin- 
dered ; restrained. 

AR-REST'ER, or AR-REST'OR, n. One who arrests. 
AR-RESTTNG, ppr. Seizing ; staying ; restraining. 
AR-REST'MENT, n. In Scots law, an arrest, or detention 
of a criminal, till he finds caution or surety, to stand 
trial. 

AR-RET', 71. The decision of a court or council j a decree 
published ; the edict of a sovereign prince, 
f AR-RET', V. t. To assign ; to allot. Spenser. 

I AR-RET'TED, a. Convened before a judge, charged with 
a crime. 

t AR-RIDE', V. t. [L. arrideo.] To laugh at ; to please well. 
Ben Jonson. 

AR-RIeRE', (ar-reeF) n. The last body of an army ; now 
called rear, which see. — Arriere-ban , or ban and arriere- 
ban, a general proclamation of the French kings, by 
which not only their immediate feudatories, but their vas- 
sals, were summoned to take the field for war. — Arriere- 
fee ox fief. A fee or fief dependent on a superior fee, or a 
fee held of a feudatory. — Arriere vassal. The vassal of a 
vassal. 

AR-RT'VAL, 71. 1. The coming to, or reaching a place, from 
a distance. 2. The attainment or gaining of any ob- 
ject. 

t AR-RT'VANCE, 71. 1. Company coming. Shak. 2. Arrival ; 

a reaching in progress. Brown. 

AR-RlVE', V. i. [Fr. arriver.] 1. Literally, to come to the 
shore, or bank. Hence, to come to or reach in progress 
by water, followed by at. 2. To come to or reach by 
traveling on land. 3. To reach a point by progressive 
motion ; to gain or compass by effort, practice, study, en- 
quiry, reasoning or experiment. 4. To happen or occur, 
f AR-RlV'^E', -y. t. To reach. Shak. 

AR-RTVH.\G, ppr. Coming to or reaching, by water or 
land gaining by research, effort or study, 
f AR-Rol)E', V. t. [li. arrodo.'\ To gnaw or nibble. Diet. 
AR-Ro'BA, n. [Arabic.] A weight, in Portugal, of thirt}^- 
two pounds ; in Spain, of twenty-five pounds. 
AR'RO-GAXCE, n. [L. arrogantia.'] The act or quality of 
taking much upon one’s self ; that species of pride which 
consists in exorbitant claims of rank, dignity, estimation 
or power ; proud contempt of others j conceitedness ; pre- 
sumption. 

AR'RO-GAN-CY, 71. Arrogance. [T/ii^ orthography is less 
usual.'] 

AR-'RO-GANT, a. 1. Assuming-, making, or having the 
disposition to make, exorbitant claims of rank or estima- 
tion ; giving one’s self an undue degree of importance ; 
haughty ; conceited. 2. Containing arrogance ; marked 
with arrogance ; proceeding from undue claims or self- 
importance. 


AR'RO-GANT-LY, adv. In an arrogant manner ; with un 
due pride or self-importance. 

ARftlO-GANT-NESS, n. Arrogance. \^Littleused.'\ 

AR'RO-GATE, v. t. [L. arrogo.'] To assume, demand or 
challenge more than is proper -, to make undue claims, 
from vanity or false pretensions to right or merit. 

AR'RO-GA-TED, pp. Claimed by undue pretensions. 

AR'RO-GA-TING, ppr . Challenging or claiming more pow- 
er or respect than is just or reasonable. 

AR-RO-Ga'TION, 71. The act of arrogating, or making ex- 
orbitant claims j the act of taking more than one is justly 
entitled to. 

AR'RO-GA-TIVE, a. Assuming or making undue claims 
and pretensions. More. 

AR-ROXD'IS-MEJNT, 71. [Fr. arrond'ir.'] A circuit ; a dis- 
trietj a division or portion of territory in France. 

AR-Ko'SION, (ar-ro'zhun) n. [L. arrodo.] A gnawing. 

AR'RoW, 71. [Sax. areica.] A missive weapon of offense, 
straight, slender, pointed and barbed, to be shot with a 
bow. * 

AR'RoW-GRASS, 71. A plant or genus of plants ; the trig- 
lochin. Muhlenberg. 

AR'RoW-HEAD, n. 1. The head of an arrow. 2. Sagitta- 
ria ; a genus of aquatic plants. 

AR'RoW-ROOT, 71. 1. The niaranta ; a genus of plants, 
natives of tlie Indies. 2. The starch of the maranta, or 
arrow-root, a nutritive medicinal food. 

AR'RoW^Y, a. 1. Consisting of arrows. 2. Formed like an 
arrow. 

ARSE, 71. [Sax. earse.] The buttocks or hind part of an 
animal. 

t ARSE'FOOT, 71. A kind of w’ater-fowl. Diet. 

ARSE-SklART, n. The vulgar name of a species of polyg- 
onum, or knot-grass. 

AR^SE-NAL, 71. [Sp. Port. It. Fr.] A repository or maga- 
zine of arms and military stores. 

AR-SeN'I-A€, or AR-SEJN'T-CAL ACID. Arsenic combined 
with a greater proportion of oxygen, than in the arsenious 
acid. 

AR-Se'NI-ATE, 71. A neutral salt, formed by arsenical 
acid combined with any metallic, earthy or saline base. 

ARSE'NIC, 71. [Gr. apceviKov Fr. arsen'ic.^ A mineral sub- 
stance which IS a virulent poison ; vulgarly called ratsbane. 

AR-SEN^I-CAL, a. Belonging to arsenic ; consisting of or 
containing arsenic. 

AR-SENH-CATE, v. t. To combine with arsenic. 

AR-SEX'I-CA-TED, a. Combined with arsenic. 

AR-Se'XI-OUS, a. Pertaining to, or containing arsenic. 

AR'SE-NITE, 71. A salt formed by the arsenious acid, with 
a base. 

ARSHMNE, 71. A Russian measure of more than two feet. 

AR'SOJSi, (ar'sn) n. [Norm. Fr. arsine, a7-5eM7i.] In law, 
the malicious burning of a house of another man, which, 
by the common law, is felony. 

ART. The second person, indicative mode, present tense, 
of the substantive verb am. 

ART, 71. [L. ars, artis.] 1. The disposition or modification 
of things by human skill, to answer the purpose intended. 
Ill this sense, art stands opposed to nature. 2. A system 
of rules, serving to facilitate the performance of certain 
actions ; opposed to science, or to speculative, principles. 
3. fcdtill. dexterity, or the power of performing certain ac- 
tions, acquired by experience, study or observation. 

AR-TE-MIST-A, n. Mug-wort, southernwood, and worm- 
wood ; a genus of plants. 

AR-Te'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to an artery or the arteries. 

2. Contained in an artery. 

AR-TE-RI-OT^O-MY, 71. [Gr. aprypia and ro/07.] The 
opening of an artery for the purpose of letting blood. 

AR'TE-RY, 71. [Gr. aprypia.] A cylindrical vessel or tube, 
which conveys the blood from the heart to all parts of tlie 
body. There are two principal arteries j the aci'ta and 
the pulmonary artery. 

ART'FUL, a. i. Performed with art or skill. 2. Artificial. 

3. Cunning ; practicing art, or stratagem 5 crafty. 4. 
Proceeding from art or craft. 

ART'FUL-LY, adv. With art, or cunning ; skilfully j dex- 
trously. 

ART'FUL-NESS, n. Art ; craft ; cunning ; address. 

AR-THRIT'IC, ) a. Pertaining to the joints, or to the 

AR-THRIT'I-€AL, I gout ; affecting the joints. 

AR-TIIRITHS, 71. [Gr. npdptrt^.] Any painful disease of 
the joints ; but more particularly, the gout. 

AR-THRo'DI-A, n . In anatomy, a species of articulation. 

AE'TIC. This word is, by mistake, used by some authors 
for arctic. 

AR'TI-CHOKE, 71. [Fr. ortze/i a Ilf.] A plant somewhat re- 
sembling a thistle. The Jerusalem artichoke is a species 
of sun-flower. 

AR'TI-€LE, 71. [L. articulus.'\ 1. A single clause in a con- 
tract, account, treaty, or other writing ; a particular, sep- 
arate charge, or item, in an account ; a term, condition, 
or stipulation, in a contract. 2. A point of faith. 3. A 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z 5 CH as Sll 5 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


ARU 


54 


ASC 


distinct jKirt. Paley. 4. A particular commodity, or sub- 
stance. — 5. In botany j that part of a stalk or stem, which is 
between two joints. — G. In grammar^ an adjective used 
before nouns, to limit or define their application ; as, /he, 
t7/e, ipse, in Latin ; 6, f], to, in Greek j the, this, that, in 
English ; le, la, les, in French ; il, la, lo, in Italian. 

XR''l'l-€LE, V. t. 1. To draw up in distinct particulars. 2. 
To accuse or charge by an exhibition of articles. 3. To 
bind by articles of covenant or stipulation. 

aII'TI-GLE, y. i. To agree by articles ; to stipulate. 

All'Tl-€LED, pp. Drawn up in particulars •, accused or 
bound by articles. 

AR-TiG'D-LAIv, a. [L. articular is.'] Belonging to the 
joints. 

All-TI€'U-LATE, a. [L. articulatus.] 1. Formed by joint- 
ing, or articulation of the organs of speech ; applied to 
sound. 2. Expressed in articles. [J\Tot wsed.] 3. Jointed j 
formed with joints. Botany. 

AR-TIG'U-LATE, v. t. ]. To utter articulate sounds ; to 
utter distinct syllables or words. 2. To draw up or write 
in separate particulars. [0/>s.] iShak. 3. To treat, stipulate 
or make terms. [0//s.j Shak. 4. To joint. Smith. 

AR-TiG (J-LA-TED, pp. 1. Uttered distinctly in syllables 
or words. 2. Jointed ; having joints, as a plant. 

AR-TIU U-LATE-LY, ado. 1. With distinct utterance of 
syllables or words. 2. Article by article ; in detail. Paley. 

AR-T1€'U-LATE-NESS, n. The quality of being articulate. 

AR-T1€'U-LA-TING, ppr. Uttering in distinct syllables or 
words. 

AR-TIU-U-La'TION, 71. 1. In anatomy, the joining or 
juncture of the bones. — 2. In botany, the connection of 
the parts of a plant by joints. 3. The forming of words 
by the human voice. 4. A consonant. 

XR'TI-FICE, n. [L. arUficium.] 1. Stratagem •, an artful 
or ingenious device. In a bad sense, it corresponds with 
trick, or fraud. 2. Art j trade ; skill acquired by science 
or practice. [Rarely used.] 

AR-TIF'I-CER, n. [L. artifex.] I. An artist ; a mechanic 
or manufacturer. 2. One who makes or contrives •, an in- 
ventor. 3. A cunning, or artful fellow. [JVbt used.] Ben 
Jon son. 

AR-TI-Fi"CIAL, a. 1. Made or contrived by art, or by hu- 
man skill and labor. 2. Feigned j fictitious ; not genuine 
or natural. 3. Contrived with skill or art. 4. Cultivated j 
not indigenous ; not being of spontaneous growth. 

■f AR-TI-FI''CIAL, n. The production of art. Sir W. Petty. 

AR-Tl-Fl-Cl-AL'1-TY, n. The quality of being artificial j 
appearance of art. Shenstone. 

AR-TI-FI"CIAL-LY, ado. By art, or human skill and con- 
trivance ; with art or ingenuity. 

AR-TI-FT"CIAL-NESS, n. The quality of being artificial. 

t AR-TI-FI 'CIOUS, a. Artificial. 

t AR'TIL-ISE, or | ART'IZE, v. t. To give the appearance 
of art to. Bolingbroke. 

AR-TIL'LE-RY, n. This word has no plural. [Fr. artillc- 
ric.] 1. Offensive weapons of war. 2. Cannon ; great 
guns ; ordnance. 3. The men who manage cannon and 
mortars, with the officers, engineers, and jiersons who 
supply the artillery with implements and materials. 

ART'I-SAN, n. [Fr. See Art.] An artist ; one skilled in 
any art, mystery or trade j a handicrafts-man ; a mechan- 
ic ; a tradesman. 

ART'IST, n. [Fr. a7'tiste.] 1. One skilled in an art or 
trade •, one who is master or professor of a manual art ; a 
good workman in any trade. 2. A skilful man ; not a 
novice. — 3. In an academical sense, a proficient in the 
faculty of arts ; a philosopher. 4. One skilled in the fine 
arts ; as a painter, sculptor, architect, &c. 

ART'LESS, a. 1. Unskilful ; wanting art, or skill. 2. Free 
from guile, art, craft or stratagem ; simple ; sincere ; un- 
affected j undesigning. 3. Contrived without skill or art. 

ART'LESS-LY, ado. 1. Without art or skill ; in an artless 
manner. 2. Without guile ; naturally. 

ART'LESS-NESS, n. The quality of being void of art or 
guile *, simplicity ; sincerity ; unaffectedness. 

AR'TO-TY-RTTE, ?i. [Gr. aprog and rupof.] One of a sect 
of heretics, in the primitive church, who celebrated the 
eucharist with bread and cheese. 

I ARTS-MjAN, n. A learned man. Shak. 

AR-UN-De'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to Arundel ; as, Arunde- 
lian marbles. 

A-RUN-DI-Na'CEOUS, a. [L. arundo.] Pertaining to a 
reed ; resembling the reed or cane. 

AR-UN-DIN'E-OUS, a. Abounding with reeds. 

A-Ru'RA, 71. [Gr. apovpa.] A piece of ground ; a plowed 
field ; a Grecian measure. 

A-RUS'PEX, 71. [L.] A soothsayer. Dryden. 

A-RUS'PICE, 71. Written also haruspice. [L. aruspex, or 
hai'uspex.] A priest, in ancient Rome, whose business it 
was to inspect the entrails of victims killed in sacrifice, 
and by them to foretell future events. 

A-RUS'PI-CY, 71. The act of prognosticating by inspection 
of the entrails of beasts slain in sacrifice. 


jAR'V^EL, 71. A funeral. Grose. Craven dialect. — Aroel 
supper. The feast made at northern funerals. — Arvel 
bread. Cakes given at funerals. Grose. 

AS, ado. [G. and D. aZs.] 1. Literally, like •, even *, simi- 
lar j in like manner •, as, do as you are commanded. 2. 
It was formerly used where we now use that. Obs. 3. It 
was formerly used for as if. Obs. 4. While ; during j at 
the same time. “ He trembled as he spoke.” — ^s, in a 
subsequent part of a sentence, answers to such / give us 
such things as you please. 

AS, n. [L.] 1. A Roman weight of 12 ounces, answering 

to the libra or pound. 2. A Roman coin. 3. An integer ; 
a whole. 

AS'A. A corruption of lasar, an ancient name of a gum. 
See Ooze. 

AS'A-DUL'CIS. The same as benzoin. 

AS'A-FET'I-DA, n. [asa, and L. feetidus.] A fetid gum- 
resin, from the East Indies. 

AS-A-RA-BAC'GA, n. [L. asarum.] A plant. 

AS-BES'TiNE, a. Pertaining to asbestus, or partaking of its 
nature and qualities *, incombustible. 

AS-BES'TI-NlTE, n. "The actinolite, or strahlstein. — Calcif- 
erous asbestinite ; a variety of steatite. 

AS-BES'TUS, or AS-B£S'TOS, n. [Gr. aa(3ecT0s.] A min- 
eral, which has frequently the appearance of a vegetable 
substance. It is always fibrous, and its fibres are sonie- 
times delicate, flexible, and elastic ; at other times, stiff 
and brittle. It is incombustible, and has been wrought 
into a soft, flexible cloth, which was formerly used as a 
shroud for dead bodies. 

AS-Ga'RJS, n . ; plu. Ascar'ides. [Gr.] In zoology, a genus 
of intestinal worms. 

AS-CEND^, V. i. [L. ascendo.] 1. To move upwards *, to 
mount ; to go up ; to rise. 2. To rise, in a figurative 
sense ; to proceed from an inferior to a superior degree, 
from mean to noble objects, from particulars to generals, 
&c. 3. To proceed from modern to ancient times ; to re- 
cur to former ages ; to proceed in a line .owards ances- 
tors. — 4. In music, to rise in vocal utterance j to pass from 
any note to one more acute. 

AS-GEND', V. t. To go or move upwards upon j as, to as- 
cend a hill ; to climb. 

AS-CEND'A-BLE, a. That may be ascended. 

AS-CEND'ANT, n. 1. Superiority or commanding influ- 
ence. 2. An ancestor, or one who precedes in genealogy, 
or degrees of kindred ; opposed to descendant. 3. Height; 
elevation. [Little itscd.] Temple. — 4. In astrology, that 
degree of the ecliptic which rises above the horizon at the 
time of one’s birth. That part of the ecliptic at any jiar- 
ticular time above the horizon, supposed to have influence 
on a person’s life and fortune. 

AS-CEND ANT, a. 1. Superior ; predominant ; surpassing. 
— 2. In astrology, above the horizon. 

AS-CEND'ED, pp. or a. Risen ; mounted up ; gone to 
heaven. 

AS-CEND'EN-CY, n. Power ; governing or controlling in- 
fluence. 

AS-CENDTNG, ppr. Rising ; moving upwards ; proceeding 
from the less to the greater ; proceeding from modern to 
ancient, from grave to more acute. — Ascending latitude is 
the latitude of a planet, when moving towards the north 
pole. — Ascending node is that point of a planet’s orbit, 
wherein it passes the ecliptic to proceed northward. 

AS-CEN'SION, 71. [L. ascc/isio.] 1. The act of ascending ; 
a rising. It is frequently applied to the visible elevation 
of our Savior to heaven. 2. The thing ascending. [JVot 
authorized.] 

AS-CEN'SION-DaY, n. A festival held on Holy Thursday, 
in commemoration of our Savior’s ascension into heaven, 
after his resurrection. — Ascensional difference is the dif- 
ference between the right and oblique ascension of the 
same point on the surface of the sphere. 

AS-CEN'SIVE, a. Rising ; tending to rise, or causing to 
rise. Journ. of Science. 

AS CENT', n. [L. a^cen^tts.] 1. The act of rising ; motion 
upwards ; rise ; a mounting upwards. 2. The way by 
which one ascends ; the means of ascending. 3. An em- 
inence, hill or high place. 4. The degree of elevation of 
an object, or the angle it makes with a horizontal line. 
5. Acclivity ; the rise of a hill. 

AS-CER-TaIN', V. t. [L. ad certum.] 1. To make certain ; 
to define or reduce to precision, by removing obscurity or 
ambiguity. 2. To make certain, by trial, examination 
or experiment, so as to know what was before unknown. 
3. To make sure by previous measures. 4. To fix ; to 
establish with certainty ; to render invariable. 

AS-CER-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be made certain in 
fact, or reduced to certainty. 

AS-CER-TaIN'ED, (as-ser-tand') pp. Made certain ; de- 
fined ; established ; reduced to a certainty. 

AS-CER-TaIN'ER, 71. The person who ascertains or makes 
certain. 

AS-CER-TAlN'ING,ppr. Making certain ; fixing ; establish- 
ing ; reducing to a certainty ; obtaining certain knowledge 


* See S7jnopsis. X, E, I, O, U, Y, Ze»g-.--Fiai, FALL, WHAT PR£Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


ASK 


55 


ASP 


AS-CER-TaIN'M£NT, n. The act of ascertaining j a re- 
ducing to certainty j certainty ; fixed rule. Swift. 

AS-(JEb'riAN-CY, ( ^ . . 

AS-CE;5'SANT. Acescency, Acescent. 

AS-CETfe, a. [Gr. acKijrog.] Retired from the world; 
rigid ; severe ; austere ; employed in devotions and mor- 
tifications. 


AS-CET'i€, n. ]. One who retires from the business of life, 
ami devotes himself to piety and devotion ; a hermit ; a 
recluse. 2. Tlie title of certain books, on devout exer- 
cises. 


t AS-CET'I-CISM, n. The state of an ascetic. Warburton. 
AS'CIAN, n. [L. a^-cu.] A person, who, at certain times of 
the year, has no shadow at noon. 


AS'CI-TANS, n. [Gr. acKog.'] A sect or branch of Monta- 
nists, who appeared in the second century. 

AS-CI'TE.«, 71. [Gr. acKog.] A dropsy, or tense, elastic swell- 
ing of the belly, with fiuctuation, from a collection of 
water. 

AS-CIT'f€, ) a. Belonging to an ascites : dropsical : 

AS-CrT'l-€AL, i hydropical. 

AS-CI-TT"T10US, a. [L. ascif/ts.] Additional ; added ; sup 
plernmital ; not inherent or original. 

AS-GLk'PI-AD, V. In ancient poetry ^ a verse of four feet. 

AS-€RT'BA-BL£, a. That may be ascribed. 

AS-CRlBE', V. t. [L. ascribo.] 1. To attribute, impute, or 
set to, as to a cause ; to assign, as effect to a cause. 2. 
To attribute, as a quality ; to consider or alledge to be- 
long. 


A8-GtUE'ED, (as-kribd') pp. Attributed or imputed ; con- 
sidered or alledged as belonging. 

AS-€RlB'lNG, ppr. Attributing ; imputing ; alledging to 
belong. 

AS-€RlP'TrON, n. The act of ascribing, imputing or af- 
firming to belong. 

AS-eRlP-Ti"TIO(j8, a. That is ascribed. 

ASH, //. [Sax. (BSC ; Dan. asA;.] 1. A well known tree, of 
which there are many species. 2. Ihe wood of the ash- 
tree. 

ASH, a. Pertaining to or like the ash ; made of ash. 

t A-SflAME', V. t. To shame. 

A-SHaM'EI), (a-sha.md'i a. Affected by shame ; confused 
by a consciousness of guilt or of inferiority ; by the mor- 
tification of pride ; by failure or disappointment. 

t A-SHa>PED-LY, adv. Bashfully. 

f A-SHELF', adv. On a shelf or rock. Massinger. 

ASH-G6L'0RED, a. Of a color between brown and gray. 

ASH'EN, a. Pertaining to ash ; made of ash. 

ASH'ES, 77. pin. without the singular number. [Sax. asca.] 
1. The earthy particles of combustible substances remain- 
ing after combustion. 2. The remains of the human body 
when burnt. Hence ^ figuratively^ a dead body or corpse. 

ASH'-FIRE, 77. A low fire used in chemical operations. 

ASIP-FLY, 77. The oak-fly. Complete Anal or. 

ASfP-HoLE, 77. A repository for ashes ; the lower part of 
a furnace. 

ASH LAR, 77. Common or free stones, as they come from 
the quarry. 

ASH'LER-ING, t?. Quartering for lathing to, in garrets. 

A-SHoRE', adv. 1. On shore ; on tlie land adjacent to wa- 
ter ; to the shore. 2. On land, opposed to aboard. 3. On 
the ground. 

ASH'-TUB, 77. A tub to receive ashes. 

ASH'-WEDNES'DAY, (ash-wenz'de) ??. The first day of 
Lent ; supposed to be so called from a custom of sprin- 
kling ashes on the head. 


ASH'-WEED, 77. A plant, the small, wild angelica, gout- 
wort, goats-foot, or herb-gerard. 

ASH'Y, 77. Belonging to ashes ; ash-colored ; pale ; inclining 
to a whitish gray. Shak. 

ASH'Y-PALE, a. Pale as ashes. Shak. 

a'SIAN, a. Pertaining to Asia. 

A'SIARCH. 77. A chief or pontiff of Asia ; one who had the 
superintendence of the public games. 

A-SrAT'JG, 77. Belonging to Asia. 

A-SIATHC, 77. A native of Asia. 

A-SIATH-CISM, 77. Imitation of the Asiatic manner. 

A-SIDE', adv. 1. On or to one side ; out of a perpendicular 
or straight direction. 2. At a little distance from the 
main part or body. 3. From the body. 4. From the 
company ; at a small distance, or in private. 5. Separate 
from the person, mind or attention ; in a state of aban- 
donment. 

AS-IN-E'GO, 77. [Sp. 77S777CO.] A foolish fellow. 

AS'I-NINE, rarely ASH-NA-RY, a. [L. asimis.] Belonging 
to the ass ; having the qualities of the ass. 

ASK, V. t. [Sax. ascian^ acsian, or axian.'] 1. To request ; 
to seek to obtain by words ; to petition ; with of before 
the person to whom the request is made. 2. To require, 
expect or claim. 3. To interrogate, or inquire ; to put a 
question, with a view to an answer. 4. To require, or 
make claim. 5. To claim, require or demand, as the price 
or value of a commodity ; to set a price. 6. To invite. 


ASK, V. i. 1. To request or petition, followed by for. 2. 
To inquire, or seek by request. 

Ai^, ASH, AS, come trom the Saxon asc, an ash-tree. 
Oibson . 

ASK. See Asker. 

AS-KANCE', I adv. [D. schuins.'] Towards one corner of 
AS-KAiST', ^ the eye. 

ASKED, pp. Requested ; petitioned ; questioned ; interro- 
gated. 

ASK'ER, 77. 1. One who asks ; a petitioner ; an inquirer 
2. A water newt. Johnson. 

AS-KEVV^, adv. [G. schief.] With a wry look ; aside ; 
askant ; sometimes indicating scorn, or contempt, or 
envy. 

ASKHNG,ppr. 1. Requesting ; petitioning ; interrogating ; 

inquiring. 2. Silently expressijig request or desired 
I A-SLAKE', V. t. [Sax. aslacian.] To remit ; to slacken. 
Spei^ser. 

AS-La/NT, 77. A silver coin. 

A-SLANT', a. or adv. On one side ; obliquely ; not perpen- 
dicularly, or with a right angle. 

A-SLEEP', 77. or adv. 1. Sleeping ; in a state of sleep ; at 
rest. 2. To a state of sleep ; as, to fall asleep. 3. Dead ; 
in a state of death. 4. To death. 

A-SLcPE', a. or adv. With leaning or inclination ; oblique- 
ly ; with declivity or descent, as a hill, 
t A-SLUG[, adv. In a sluggish riianner. Fotherby. 
AS-MO-Nk'AN, a. Pertaining to Asmoneus. 
AS-MO-Nk'AN, 77. One of the family of Asmoneus. 

t A-So'MA-TOUS, 77. [Gr. a and cwpa.] Without a mate- 
rial ho7ly ; inT'orporeal. 

ASP. See Aspen. 

ASP, or ASp/iO, n. [L. aspLs ; Gr. ao-nig.'] A small, poison- 
ous serpent of Egypt. 

AS-PAL'A-THUS, /7. A plant. 

AS-P.AR'A-GlN, 77. White, transparent crystals of a peculiar 
vegetable principle. 

AS-PAR'A-GUS, 77. [L. and Gr.] Sparagus ; sperage ; vul- 
garly, sparrow-grass ; a genus of plants. 

ASTEOT, 77. [L. aspectus.] I. Look ; view ; appearance 
to the eye or the mind. 2. Countenance ; look, or partic- 
ular appearance of the face. 3. View ; sight ; act of see- 
ing. 4. Position or situation with regard to seeing, or 
that position which enables one to look in a particular 
direction. — 5. In astronomy^ the situation of one planet 
with respect to another. 

t AS-PECT', V. t. To behold. Temple. « 

t AS-PE€T'A-BLE, a. Tliat may be seen, 
t AS-PECT'ED, a. Having an aspect. Ben Jonson. 

I AS-PEC TION, n. The act of viewing. Brown. 

ASP'EN, or -^SP, n. [D. esp ; G. aspe, dspe ; Sax. (tspe.'\ A 
species of the poplar, so called from the trembling of its 
leaves, which move with the slightest impulse of the 
air. 

ASP'EN, a. Pertaining to the aspen, or resembling it ; made 
of aspen wood. 

AS'PER, a. [L.] Rough ; rugged. \^Little used.'] 

ASTER, 77. [L. aspiro, to breathe.] In grammar ^ the Greek 

clCC01lt ^ 

ASTER, 77. A Turkish coin. 

ASTE-RATE, v. t. [L. aspero."] To make rough or uneven, 
Boyle. 

AS-PE-Ra'TION, 77. A making rough. 

AS-PER-GOIRE', n. [Fr. aspersoir.l A holy-water-sprin- 

AS-PER-I-Fo'LI-ATE, a. [L. asper' and/oimTTi.] Having 
rough leaves. 

AS-PER-I-Fo'LI-OUS, a. Having leaves rough to the touch. 
AS-PER'I-TY, 77. [L. 77sp7;r7ta5.] 1. Roughness of surface : 
unevenness ; opposed to smoothness. 2. Roughness of 
sound ; harshness of pronunciation. 3. Roughness to the 
taste ; sourness. 4. Roughness or ruggedness of temper ; 
moroseness ; sourness ; crabbedness. 5. Sharpness, 
t AS'PER-LY, or AS'PRE-LY, adv. Roughly ; sharply. 
AS-PER-N action, n. [L. aspernatio.] Neglect ; disregard. 
Diet. 

ASTER-OUS, a. [L. asper^ rough.] Rough ; uneven. 
Boyle. 

AS-PERSE', (as-pers') v. t. [L. aspergo, aspersus.] 1. To 
bespatter with foul reports or false and injurious charges ; 
to tarnish in point of reputation, or good name ; to slander 
or calumniate. 2. To cast upon. 

AS-PERS'ER, 77. One that asperses, or vilifies anotlier. 
AS-PER'SION, 77. A sprinkling. 2. The spreading of ca- 
lumnious reports or charges. 

AS-PHALT', or AS-PHALT'UM, t?. [Gr. acepaXrog.] Bitu- 
men Judaicum, Jew’s pitch ; a smooth, hard, brittle, black 
or brown substance, which breaks with a polish, melts 
easily when heated, and, when pure, burns without leav- 
ing any ashes. 

AS-PHALTHO, a. Pertaining to asphalt, or containing it ; 
bituminous. Milton. 

AS-PHALT'ITE, a. Pertaining to or containing asphalt. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BULL, UNITE. — C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete^ 


ASS 


56 


ASS 


AS'PHO-DEL, n. [L. and Gr.] King’s-spear ; a genus of 
liliaceous plants, cultivated for the beauty of their flowers. 
AS-PHC'llEL-ATES, ii. [Gr. a and o-0vpa.j A series of 
semimetallic fossils. 

AS-PHYX'Y, n. [Gr. ac(}>v^ia.] A temporary suspension of 
the motion of the heart and arteries ; swooning ; fainting. 
ASP'IG, n. 1. The asp, which see. 2. A piece of ord- 
nance, carrying a twelve pound shot. 

ASP'IG, 71. A species of lavender, a plant. 

AS-PI'llANT, 71. One wlio aspires, breathes after, or seeks 
with eagerness. 

ASTI-RATE, V. t. [L. aspiro.'] To pronounce with a 
breathing, or full emission of breath. We aspirate the 
words horse and house. 

AS'PI-RATE, V. i. To be uttered with a strong breathing ; 

as, the letter h aspirates. Dryden. 

AS'PJ-RATE, 71. A letter marked with an asper, or note of 
breathing ; a mark of aspiration, as the Greek accent ' . 
ASTI-RATE, a. Pronounced with a full breath. 
AS'Pl-RA-TED, pp. Uttered with a strong emission of 
breath. 

ASTl-RA-TING, ppr. Pronouncing with a full breath. 
AS-PI-R action, n. 1. The pronunciation of a letter with 
a full emission of breath. 2. A breathing after ; an ardent 
wish or desire. 3. The act of aspiring, or of ardently de- 
siring what is noble or spiritual. 

AS-PlRE', i. [L. osptro.] 1. To desire with eagerness ; 
to pant after an object. 2. To aim at something elevated. 
Pope. _ 

I AS-PIRE'MENT, n. The act of aspiring. Brewer. 
AS-PlR'ER, n. One who aspires ; one who aims to rise. 
AS-PIR'ING, ppr. Desiring eagerly ; aiming at something 
nolde, great, or spiritual. 

AS-PiR'lNG, a. Ambitious j animated with an ardent de- 
sire of power, importance, or excellence. 

AS-PIR'ING, 71. 1. Ambition ; eager desire of something 
great. 2^ Points j stops. [JVot used.'] 

AS-POR-Ta-TION, n. [L. a-sportatio.] A carrying away. — 
In ZflTC, the felonious removal of goods. 

A-SQ.UINT', afiZ??. [D. sc/iumfe.] 1. To the corner or angle 
of the eye ; obliquely j towards one side. 2. Not with 
regard, or due notice. 

XSS, 7i. [W.asyn; Ir. asan ; 1 j. asinus.] 1. A quadruped 
of the equine genus. 2; A dull, heavy, stupid fellow j a 
dolt. 

AS-SA'I. [It.] A term in music ; added to a word signify- 
• ing slow, it denotes a little quicker ; and to a word sig- 
nifying quick, it denotes a little slower. 

AS-yAIL', V. i. [Fr. assaillir.] 1. To leap or fall upon by 
violence j to assault ; to attack suddenly. 2. To invade 
or attack, in a hostile manner. 3. To attack with argu- 
ments, censure, abuse, or criticism. 

AS-SaIL'A-13LE, a. That may be assailed, attacJted, or 
invaded. 

AS-SaIL'ANT, 7?. [Fr.] One who assails, attacks, or as- 
saults. 

AS-SaIL'ANT, a. Assaulting ; attacking ; invading with 
violence. 

AS-SAIL'ED, (as-s5,ld') pp. Assaulted j invaded 5 attacked 
with violence. 

AS-SaIL'ER, n. One who assails. 

AS-SaIL'1NG, jypr. Assaulting ; invading by force , at- 
tacking with violence, 
t AS-SaIL'MENT, 7?. Attack. Johnson. 

AS-SA-PAN'IG, n. The flying squirrel. 

AS'SA-RON, 71. A Hebrew measure of five pints. 
AS-SART', n. [old Fr. assa}'ter.] 1. In ancient laics^ the 
offense of grubbing up trees, and thus destroying thickets 
or coverts of a forest. 2. A tree plucked up by the roots j 
also, a piece of land cleared, .^sh. 

AS-SART', V. t. To grub up trees ; to commit an assart. 
AS-SAS'^IN, n. One who kills, or attempts to kill, by sur- 
prise or secret assault. 

t AS-SAS'SfN, ti. t. To murder. Stillin s^fieet. 
AS-SAS'SIN-ATE, r. t. 1. To kill, or attempt to kill, by 
surprise or secret assault ; to murder by sudden violence. 
2. To waylay ; to take by treachery, 
t AS-SAS'SIN-ATE, ?i. A murder or murderer. 
AS-SAS'SIN-A-TED, pp. Murdered by surprise, or secret 
assault. 

AS-S AS'SIN-A-TING, ppr. Murdering by surprise or secret 

clSSQ-Vl 1 1 

AS-SAS-SIN-a'TION, 77. The act of killing or murdering, 
by surprise or secret assault ; murder by violence. 
AS-SAS'SIN-A-TOR, 77. An assassin, which see. 
t AS-SAS'SI-NOUS, a. Murderous. 

AS-SAS'SINS, 77. In Syria, a tribe or clan called Ismaelians^ 
Bafanists, or Batenians. 
t AS-Sa'TION, 77. [Fr.] A roasting. 

AS-S AULT', 77. [Fr. assault, now assaut.] 1 . An attack, 
or violent onset. 2. An attack by hostile words or meas- 
ures. — 3. In law, an unlawful setting upon one’s person ; 
an attempt or offer to beat another, without touching his 
person. If the blow aimed takes effect, it is a battery. 


AS-SAULT', V. t. 1. To attack or fall upon by violence, 
or with a hostile intention. 2. To invade or fall on with 
force. 3. To attack by words, arguments, or unfriendly 
measures, with a view to shake, impair, or overthrow. 

AS-SAULT'A-BLE, a. That may be assaulted. Williams. 

AS-SAULT'ED, pp Attacked with force, arms, violence, 
or hostile views. 

AS-SAULT'ER, n. One who assaults, or violently attacks. 

AS-SAULT'ING, ppr. Attacking with force, or with hostile 
measures. 

AS-SaY', 77. [Fr. essai; Sp. ensayo.] L The trial of the 
goodness, purity, weight, value, &c. of metals or metallic 
substances. — 2. In law, an examination of weights and 
measures by the standard. 3. Examination ; trial j ef- 
fort ; first entrance upon any business j attempt. 4. 
Value ; great purity. Obs. 

AS-SaY', v.t. 1. To try or prove, by examination or ex- 
periment, the quantity and purity of metallic substances. 
2. To apply to the touchstone. Milton. 

AS-SaY', i. To attempt, try, or endeavor. 

AS-SaY'-BAL-ANCE, 77 . A balance for the trial of the 
weight and purity of metals. 

AS-Sa Y'ED, (as-sade') pp. Examined j tested ; proved by 
experiment. 

AS-SaY'ER, 77 . One ivlio examines metals to find their 
quantity and purity. An officer of the mint, whose busi- 
ness is to try the weight and purity of metals. 

AS-SaY'ING, ppr. Trying by some standard j examining 
by experiment, as metals ; proving ; attempting. 

AS-SAY'-MXS-TER,77. Anassayer j an officer appointed to 
try the weight and fineness of the precious metals. 

f AS-SE€-Ta'TION, 77 . [L. assectatio.] Attendance, or 
waiting upon. Diet. 

t AS'SE-€LE, 77 . [L. assecla.] A dependent ; a follower. 
Sheldon. 

t AS-SE-OU'RANCE, n. Assurance. Sheldon. 

t AS-SE-€U-Ra'TION, 77 . Assurance ; a making secure. 

t AS-SE-OORE', V. t. To secure. Bullokar. 

AS-SE-€u'TION, 77 . [L. asse^TtoT.] An obtaining or acquir- 
ing. .^yliffe. 

AS-SEM'BLAGE, 77. [Fr.] 1. A collection of individuals, 

or of particular things •, the state of being assembled. 2. 
Rarely, the act of assembling. 

t AS-SEM'BLANCE, 77 . Representation ; an assembling. 

AS-SEM'BLE, V. t. [Fr. assembler.] To collect a number 
of individuals or particulars into one place, or body j to 
bring or call together ; to convene ; to congregate. 

AS-SEM'BLE, v. i. To meet or come together ; to convene, 
as a number of individuals. 

AS-SEM'BLED, pp. Collected into a body ; congregated. 

AS-SEM'BLER, n. One who assembles. 

AS-SEM'BLING, ppr. Coming together j collecting into one 
place. 

AS-SEM'BLING, n. A collection or meeting together. 
ITeb. X. 

AS-SEM'BLY, n. [Sp. asamblea ; It. assemblea ; Fr. assem- 
blee.] 1. A company or collection of individuals in the 
same place ; usually for the same purpose. 2. A congre- 
gation or religious society convened. 3. In some of the 
United States, the legislature. 4. A collection of persons 
for amusement. 5. A convocation, convention, or coun- 
cil of ministers and ruling elders delegated from each 
presbyter}'. — 6, In aj-rnies, the second beating of the drum 
before a march, when the soldiers strike their tents. 7. 
An assemblage. [Mot in wse.j 

AS-SEM'BLY-ROOi\I, n. A room in which persons assem- 
ble. 

AS-SENT', 77 . [L. assensus.] 1. The act of the mind in 
admitting, or agreeing to, the truth of a proposition. 2. 
Consent ; agreement to a proposal, respecting some right 
or interest. 3. Accord ; agfeement. 

AS-SEN'J'', V. i. To admit as true j to agree, yield, or con- 
cede, or rather to express an agreement of the mind to 
what is alledged, or proposed. 

AS-SEN-Ta'T10N, 77. [L. assentatio.] Compliance with 
the opinion of another, from flattery or dissimulation. 

AS-SEN-Ta'TOR, 77 . A flatterer. 

t AS-SEN-TA-To'RI-LY, adv. With adulation. 

AS-SENT'ER, 77. One who assents, agrees to, or admits. 

AS-SENT'ING, ppr. Agreeing to, or admitting as true ; 
yielding to. 

AS-SENT'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to express assent j 
by agreement. 

AS-SENT'MENT, 77 . Assent ; agreement. Brown. [Rarely 
%ised.] 

AS-SERT', V. f. [L. assero, assertum .] 1. To affirm posi- 

tively ; to declare with assurance 5 to aver. 2. To main- 
tain or defend by words or measures ; to vindicate a claim 
or title to. 

AS-SERT'ED, pp. Affirmed positively ; maintained j vindi- 
cated. 

AS-SERT'ING, ppr. Declaring with confidence j maintain- 
ing ; defending. 

AS-SER'TION, 77 . 1. The act of asserting ; the maintaining 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, U, Y, Zo77;5^.— FAB, FALL, WHAT PRgY j— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete. 


ASS 


ASS 57 


of a claim. 2. Positive declaration or averment j affirma- 
tion ; position advanced. 

AS-SEKT'IVE, a. Positive; affirming confidently. 

AS-SEilT'lVE-LY, ado. Affirmatively. Bedell. 

AS-SERT'OR, n. One who affirms positively ; an affirmer, 
supporter, or vindicator. 

AS-bERT'O-RY, a. Afiirming ; maintaining. 

•f AS-SERVE', V. t. [L. ai-jferuto.] To serve. Diet. 

AS-SESS', V. t. [Fr. a.«sc<;ir.] 1. To set, fix, or charge, a 

certain sum upon one, as a tax. 2. To value ; to fix the 
value of property, for the purpose of being taxed. 3. To 
set, fix, or ascertain. 

I AS-SEI5S', n. Assessment. 

AS-SESS'A-13LE, a. That may be assessed. 

AS-SESS'ED, (as-sest') pp. Cliarged with a certain sum ; 
valued ; set ; fixed ; ascertained. 

AS-JSESS'ING, Charging with a sum ; valuing; fixing; 
ascertaining. 

f AS-SES'SION, 71. A sitting down by a person. 

AS-SES'SION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to assessors. 

AE-SEjSS'MENT, n. 1. A valuation of property or profits 
of business, for the purpose of taxation. 2. A tax, or spe- 
cific sum charged on the person or property. 3. The act 
of assessing ; the act of determining the amount of dam- 
ages by a jury. 

AS-SESS'OR, 71. 1 . One appointed to assess the person (w 

property. 2. An inferior officer of justice, who sits to 
assist the judge. 3. One who sits by another, as next in 
dignity. 

AS-SETS', V. plu. [Fr. gs5cz.] Goods or estate of a deceased 
person, sufficient to pay the debts of tlie deceased. 

Ay-SEV'ER, ) V. t. [L. assevero.] To affirm or aver 

AS-SEV'ER-ATE, | positively, or with solemnity. 

AS-SEV-ER-a'TION, 71. Positive affirmation or assertion ; 
solemn declaration. 

ASS'-HEAD, 71. One dull, like the ass ; one slow of appre- 
hension ; a blockhead. 

AS-SI-DE'ANS, or CHAS-I-De'ANS, n. A sect of Jews. 

AS^yi-DENT, a. [L. assideo, assidevs.] Jlssident signs, in 
medicine^ are such as usually attend a disease. 

f AS-SID'U-ATE, a. Daily. K. Charles. 

AS-SI-Du'I-TY, 71. [L. assidiutas.'] 1. Constant or close 
application to any business or enterprise ; diligence. 2. 
Attention ; attentiveness to persons. — Assiduities ^ in the 
plural, are services rendered with zeal and constancy. 

AS-SID'U-OUS, a. [L. assuluus.] 1. Constant in applica- 
tion. 2. Attentive ; careful ; regular in attendance. 3. 
Performed with constant diligence or attention. 

AS-SID'U-OUS-LY, ado. Diligently; attentively; with 
earnestness and care ; with regular attendance. 

AS SID'JJ-OUS-NESS, ?i. Constant or diligent application. 

■f AS SIeGD, V. t. [Fr. assie^cr.] To besiege. Diet. 

AS-Sl-ENT'O, 71. [Sp. asiento.j A contract or conven- 
tion. 

AS-SiGN', (as-sine^) v. t. [Fr. assigner.] 1. To allot ; to 
apjioint or grant by distribution or apportionment. 2. To 
designate or appoint for a particular purpose. 3. To fix, 
specify, or designate. 4. ^'o make or set over ; to trans- 
fer, sell, or convey, by writing. 5. To alledge or show 
in particular. — 6. In laiOj to show or set forth with par- 
ticularity. 

AS-SiGiV', (as-sine') n. A person to whom property or an 
interest is or may be transferred. 

AS-SfGAG\-BLE, (as-sine a-bl) a. 1. That may be allotted, 
appointed, or assigned. 2. Tliat may be transferred by 
writing. 3. That may be specified, shown with precision, 
or designated. 

AS'SIG-NAT, 71. A public note or bill in France ; paper 
currency^ Burke. 

AS-SIG-Aa'TION, 77. 1. An appointment of time and place 
for meeting; used chiefly of love-meetings. 2. A making 
over by transfer of title. 3. In Russia, a public note, or 
bank bill ; paper currency. 

AS-S7GN'ED, (as sind ) pp. Appointed ; allotted ; made 
over ; shown or designated. 

AS-SiGN-EE', (as-se-ne ) n. A person to whom an assign- 
ment is made ; a person appointed or deputed to do some 
aetj^ or enjoy some right, privilege, or property. 

Afi-yiGN'ER, (as-sl'iier) v. One who assigns, or appoints. 

AS-SIGN'ING, ppr. Allotting ; appointing ; transferring ; 
showing specially. 

AS-SiGiNhMENT, (as-slneffiient) n. 1. An allotting, or an 
appointment to a particular person or use. 2. A transfer 
of title or interest by writing. 3. The writing by which 
an interest is transferred. 4. The appointment or designa- 
tion of causes or actions in court, for trial on particular 
days. — 5. In laic, the conveyance of the whole interest 
which a man has in an estate, usually for life or years. 

AS-SIGN-OR', (as-se-nor^) n. An assignor ; a person who 
assigns or transfers an interest. 

AS-SiM'l-LA-BLE, a. That may be assimilated. 

AS-SIM'I-LATE, v. t. [L. assimilo.'] 1. To bring to a like- 
ness ; to cause to resemble. 2. To convert into a like 
substance. 


AS-SIMT-LATE, v. i. ]. To become similar. 2. To be 
converted into a like substance. 

AS-SIM'I-LA-TED, pp. Brought to a likeness ; changed 
into a like substance. 

t AS-SIM'l-IiATE-NESS, ti. Likeness. Diet. 

AS-SIMT-LA-TING, ppr. Causing to resemble j converting 
into a like substance. 

AS-SIM-1-La'T 10N, 71. 1. The act of bringing to a resem- 
blance. 2. The act or process by which bodies convert 
other bodies into their own nature and substance. 

AS-SIM'I-LA-TIVE, a. Having power of converting to a 
likeness, or to a like substance. 

t AS-SIM'U-LATE, v. t. [L. assimtilo.] To feign. 

f AS-SIM-U-La'T 10N, 77. A counierfeiting. Simula- 
tion. 

AS- SI-NE'GO, 77. [Port.] An ass. Sir T. Herbert. 

AS-SIST', V. t. [L. assisto.] To help ; to aid ; to succor ; to 
give support to in some undertaking or efibrt, or in time 
of distress. 

AS-SIST', v.i. To lend aid. 

AS-SIST'ANCE, n. Help ; aid ; furtherance ; succor ; a 
contribution of support. 

AS-SIST'ANT, a. Helping ; lending aid or support ; auxil- 
iary. 

AS-SIST'ANT, 77. One who aids, or who contributes his 
strength, or other means, to further the designs or welfare 
of another ; an auxiliary. 

t AS-SIST'ANT-LY, adv. So as to assist. Sternhold. 

AS-SIST'ED, py. Helped; aided. 

AS-SIST'ER, 77. One that lends aid. 

AS-SIST'ING, ppr. Helping ; aiding ; supporting with 
strength or memis. 

AS-SIS'l 'LESS, a. Without aid or help. Pope. 

AS-SiZE', or AS-Sl'ZES, n. [Fr. assises, and sometimes 
so written in English.] 1. Originally, an assembly of 
knights and other substantial men, with a bailifif or jus- 
tice, for public business. 2. A court in England, held in 
every county by special commission to one of the judges, 
who is called a justice of the assize, and empowered to 
take assizes, that is, the verdict of a jury called the assize. 
3. A jury. 4. A writ. 5. A particular species of rents. 
6. The time or place of holding the court of assize. 7. In 
a more general sense, any court of justice. 8. A statute 
of regulation ; an ordinance regulating the weight, meas- 
ure, and price of articles sold in market ; and hence the 
word came to signify the weight, measure, or price itself. 
This word is, in a certain sense, now corrupted into size, 
winch see. 

AS-SiZE', V. t. To fix the weight, measure, or price of 
commodities, by an ordinance or regulation of authority. 

AS-SiZ'ED, (as-sizd') pp. Regulated in weight, measure, 
or price, by an assize or ordinance. 

AS-SIZ'ER, 77. An officer who has the care or inspection of 
wei^ghts and measures. 

AS-SiZ'OR, 77. In Seotlavd, a juror. Bailey. 

ASS'-LJKE, a. Resembling an asa. Sidney. 

t AS-So'BER, V. t. To keep under. Oower. 

AS-SO-CIA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable of 
association ; the quality of suflering some change by sym- 
pathy. Darwin. 

AS-Sg'CIA-BLE, (as-so'sha bl) a. 1. That may be joined 
to or associated. — 2. In a medical sense, liable to be af- 
fected by sympathy. 

AS-So'CIATE; (as so'shate) v. t. [Fr. assoeier ; L. a^socio.] 
1. To join in company, as a friend, companion, partner, 
or confederate. 2. To unite in the same mass. 

AS-So'CI AJ’E, v.i. 1. To unite in company ; to keep com- 
pany, implying intimacy. 2. To unite in action, or be 
affected by the action of a different part of Hie body. 

AS-So'CIATE, a. Joined in interest, purpose, or office ; 
confederate. 

AS-Sc'CIATE, 77. 1. A companion ; one frequently in 

company with another ; a mate ; a fellow. 2. A partner 
in interest, as in business ; or a confederate in a le;igue. 
3. A companion in a criminal transaction ; an accomplice. 

AS-So'CIA-TED, pp. United in company or in interest ; 
joined. 

Ay-So'CIATE-SIIIP, 77. The state or office of an associate, 
Encyc. 

AS-So'CIA-TING, ppr. Uniting in company or in interest ; 
joining. 

AB-SO-CI-a'TION, 77. 1. The act of associating; union; 
connection of persons. 2. Union of persons in a company ; 
a society formed for transacting or carrying on some busi- 
ness for mutual advantage ; a partnership ; a confederacy. 

3. Union of things ; apposition, as of particles of matter. 

4. Union or connection of ideas. An assoeiation of ideas, 
is where two or more ideas constantly or naturally follow 
each other in the mind, so that one almost infallibly pro- 
duces the other. 5. An exertion or change of some ex- 
treme part of the sensory residing in the muscles or organs 
of sense, in consequence of some antecedent or attendant 
fibrous contractions. Darwin. — 6 In ceclesiastical affairs, 
a society of the clergy. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DoVE ; — BULL, UNITE. — U as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


AST 


ASS 58 


AS-S0-C1a'TI 0N-AL, a. Pertaining to an association of 
clergymen. 

a. Having the quality of associating, or 
of being atfecteii by sympathy, 
f A'TOR, n. A confederate. Drijden. 

t AS-SOtL', 0 . t. [Old Fr. j L. absoLco.\ To solve ; to re- 
lease ; to absolve. Jtlede. 
t A.S-SulL', V. t. [Fr. smiller.'] To soil ; to stain. 
Ab'SO-NANUE, a. [Fr.] Resemblance of soimds. — \n rhet- 
oric and poetry^ a resemblance in sound or termination, 
witlmiR making rhyme. 

A9S()-\A.’NiT, a. Having a resemblance of sounds, 
t AS'SO-NATE, V. i. [L. a^sunv ] To sound like a bell. 
AS-SOR7’', V. t. [Fr. assoctir.] 1. To separate and dis- 
tribute into classes. 2. To furnish with all sorts. 
AS-t?ORT', 0 . i. To agree ; to be in accordance with. 
AS-SORT'ED, pp. 1 . Distributed into sorts, kinds, or 
classes. 2. Furnished with an assortment. Burke. 
AS-SORT'ING, ppr. !5eparating into sorts j supplying with 
an assortment. 

AS-SURT'MENT, n. 1. The act of distributing into sorts. 
2. A mass or quantity of various kinds or sorts j or a num- 
ber (»f tilings assorted. 

f AS-SOT', 11 . t. To infituate *, to besot. Spenser. 

AS-SI;a(!j F', (as-swajeO v. t. To soften •, to allay, mitigate, 
ease, or lessen, as pain or grief j to appease or pacify, as 
passion or tumult. 

AS->SUaGE', «. i. To abate or subside. Gen. viii. 
AS-SUaG'ED, (as-swdjd'; pp. Allayed ; mitigated 5 eased ; 
apjieased. 

AS-bLJAGE'MENT, n. Mitigation j abatement. 
AS-SUaG'ER, n. One who allays ; that which mitigates or 
abates 

AS-SUaG'ING, A llaying*, mitigating; appeasing; 
aliating. 

AS-SUa'SIVE, a. Softening; mitigating; tranquilizing. 
Pope. 

f AS-SUB'JECT, V. t. [Fr. assouhjectir.'] To make subject, 
f AS-SLTB'JG-G ATE, v. t. To subject to. Shak. 
t AS-SUE-FA€'TK)N, 71. [L. assm/acw.] The act of ac- 
customing. Brown. 

AS'SGri-TlJDE, (as'swe-tude) ii. [L. assuetudo.] Custom; 
habjt ; habitual use. Bacon. 

AS-SuME', c. t. [E. assiifHu.] 1. To take, or take upon 
one. 2. To arrogate ; to seize unjustly. 3. To take for 
granted, or without proof ; to suppose as a fact. 
AS-SuME', V. i. J. I'o be arrogant ; to claim more than is 
due. — 2. In law, to take upon one’s self an obligation ; 
to undertake or promise. 

AS-SdM'ED, (as-sumd') pp. Taken ; arrogated ; taken 
without proof ; pretended. 

•f AS -SU'M ENT, n. [L. assumentum.] A piece or patch set on. 
AS-SCtM'ER, n. One who assumes ; an arrogant person. 
AS-SuMTNG, ppr. Taking ; arrogating ; taking for grant- 
ed ; pretending. 

AS-SuM'lNG, a. Taking or disposed to take upon one’s 
selHuore than is just ; haughty ; arrogant. 

AS-SuM'ING, 71. Presumption. Jonson. 

AS-SUMP'SIT, 77. [pret. tense of L. assunio.] 1. In law, 
a promise or undertaking founded on a consideration. 
2. An action founded on a promise, 
f AS-SUMPT’, V. t. To take up ; to raise. Sheldon. 
f AS-SUMPT', 77 . That which is assumed. 

AS-SUMP'TION, n. [L. assumptio.] 1. The act of taking 
to one’s self. 2. The act of taking for granted ; supposi- 
tion. 3. The thing supposed ; a postulate or proposition 
assumed. — In loi^c, the minor or second proposition in a 
categorical syllogism. 4. A consequence drawn from the 
proposition of which an argument is composed. 5. Un- 
dertaking ; a taking upon one’s self. Kent. — 6. In the 
Rom sh church, the taking up a person into heaven, as 
the Virgin Mary. Also, a festival in honor of the mirac- 
ulous ascent of Mary. 7. Adoption. 

AS-SUMP'TIVE, a. That is or may be assumed. 
AS-SU'RANCE, (as-shii'-rause) n. [Fr.] 1. The act of as- 

suring. 2. Firm persuasion ; full confidence or trust ; 
freedom from doubt ; certain expectation ; the utmost 
certainty. 3. Firmness of mind ; undoubting steadiness ; 
intrepidity. 4. Excess of boldness ; impudence. 5. 
Freedom from excessive modesty, timidity, or bashful- 
ness ; laudable confidence. G. Insurance; a contract to 
make good a loss. [See Insurance.] 7. Any writing or 
legal evidence of the conveyance of property. 8. Con- 
viction. — 9. In theolocry, full confidence of one’s interest 
in Christ, and of 411101 salvation. 

AS-SuRE', (ash-shure') v. t. [Fr. a5.9?7rcr.] ). To make 

certain ; to give confidence by a promise, declaration, or 
other evidence. 2. To confirm ; to make certain or se- 
cure. 3. To embolden ; to make confident. 4. To make 
secure, with of before the object secured. 5. To affiance ; 
to betroth. [O/75.] Shak. 6. To insure ; to covenant to 
indemnify for loss. See Insure. 

AS-SUR'ED, (ash shurd*) pp. Made certain or confident; 
made secure ; insured. 


AS-SUR'ED, (ash-shur’-ed, or ash-shurd') a. Certain ; indu- 
bitable ; not doubting ; bold to excess. 

AS-FuR'ED-LY, (ash-shur'-ed-ly) ado. Certainly ; indubi- 
tably. 

AS hUR'ED-NESS, (ash-shur'-ed-ness) n. The state of be- 
ing assured ; certainty ; full confidence. 

AS-fcUR'ER, (ash-shur'-er) n. One who assures ; one who 
insures against loss ; an insurer or underwriter. 
AS-SUR'GENT, a. [E. assurgens, assurgo.] Rising up- 
wards in an arch Katon. 

AS-SUR'iNG, ppr. Making sure or confident ; giving secu- 
rity ; confirming. 

AS-SWagE'. See Assuage. 

AS'TA-CITE, ) 11 . [Gr. aaruKos and Xt0of.] Petrified 
AS'TA-€0-LlTE, \ or fossil craw'-fish, and other crusta- 
ceous animals ; called also cancrites, crabites, and gam- 
in urolitcs. 

AS'TE-IS;M, 72 . [Gr. aorno?.] In rhetoric, genteel irony ; a 
polite and ingenious manner of deriding another. 

AS'TER, 72 . [Gr. aarn^.] A genus of plants with compound 
flowers. 

AS-Tk'RI-AS, or AS'TER, n. [Gr. acTyo.'] Stella marina, 
sea-star, or star-fish. 

AS-Tk'RI-A-TED, a. Radiated ; presenting diverging rays, 
like a star. Cleavelavd. 

AS-']'k'RI-A-TITE, 72. Petrified asteriat. 

A8'TER-ISK, 77. [Gr. uartpicocog.] The figure of a star, 
thus, *, used in printing and writing. 

AF'TER-I?M, 72. [dr. aarepiapos.] 1. A constellation; a 
sign in the zodiac. 2. An asterisk, or mark of reference. 
AS''i'E-RlTE, or star-stone. See Astrite. 

A-STERN', 772 / 7 ?. J. In or at the hinder part of a ship ; or 
towards the hinder part, or backwards. 2. Rehind a 
ship, at any indefinite distance. 

AS TE-ROID, 72. [Gr. aamjp and ei^o?.] A name given by 
Herschel to the newly discovered planets between the 
orbits of Mars and Jupiter. 

AS-'J’E-IU)ID'AL, 72. Resembling a star; or pertaining to 
the asteroids, .lourn. of Science. 

AS'TE-RO-PODE, )n. [Gr. 77 7Tr/?p and ttouj, A 

AS-TE-RO-Po'l)l-UM, i kind of extraneous fossil. En- 
cyc. 

t AS-TERT', V. t. To startle. Spenser. 

AS-THEN'IC, (as-tenhk) a. [Gr. a and cdsvog.] Vi’eak ; 

characterized by extreme debility. 

AS-TllE-NOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. a, aOevog, and Xoyos.] The 
doctrine of diseases arising from debility. 

ASTIPMA, (aj?t'ma) n. [Gr. aadpa.] A shortness of breath ; 
intermitting difficulty of breathing, with cough, strait- 
ness, and wheezing. 

ASTH-MAT'IC, a. Pertaining to asthma ; also, affected by 
asthma. 

t AS-TIP'LELATE, for Stipulate. 
f AS-T1 P-U-La'T 10N, for Stipulation. 
f AS-ToNE , or t AS-TON'Y, 7?. f. [See Astonish.] Toter- 
rify or astonish. Chaucer. 

^ TfJNMFD ( PP* Astonished. Spenser. J\Tilton. 

f AS-TONRED-NESS, n. The state of being astonished. 
Barret. 

AS-TONMSH, V. t. [Old Fr. estonner, now etonner : L. at- 
tono.] To stun or strike dumb witli sudden fear, terror, 
surprise, or wonder ; to amaze ; to confound with some 
sudden passion. 

AS-7^0N'1SHED, pp. Amazed ; confounded with fear, sur- 
prise, or admiration. 

AS-TON'ISH-ING, ppr. Amazing ; confounding with won- 
der or fear. 

AS-7’ON'lSH-ING, a. Very wonderful ; of a nature to ex- 
cite great admiration or amazement. 
AS-TON'ISH-ING-LY, adv. In a manner or degree to ex- 
cite amazement. Bp. Fleetwood. 
AS-TON'ISII-ING-NESS, 71. The quality of exciting aston- 
ishment. 

AS-TONMSII-MENT, n. Amazement ; confusion of mind 
from fear, surprise, or admiration, at an extraordinary or 
unexpected event. 

AS-7'OUND', V. t. To astonish ; to strike dumb with 
amazement. [From Old Fr. estonner.] 
t A85 TOUND', V. i. To shake ; to stun. Thomson. 
A-STRAD'DLE, adv. With tlie legs across a thing, or on 
different sides. 

AS'TRA-GAIi, 72. [Gr. aergayaAog-] 1. In architecture, a 
little round molding, which surrounds the top or bottom of 
a column, in the form of a ring. — 2. In gunnery, a round 
molding on cannon near the mouth. — 3l In anatomy, the 
buckle, ankle, or sling bone ; the upper bone of the foot, 
supporting the tibia. Core. — 4. In botany, the wood-pea; 
the milk vetch ; the licorice vetch. 

AS'TRAL, a. [L. astrnm ,* Gr. aaryp.] Belonging to the 
stars ; starry. Dry den. 

A-STRa Y', adv. Out of the right way, or proper place. 


* See Synopsis, a, k, T, O, tj, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


ASY 


59 


ATL 


AS-TRe*A, n. [Gr. uo-T» 7 p.] The goddess of justice. Encyc. 

AS-TRI6T', V. t. [L. astnngoy aatrictus.] To bind fast, or 
compress. [JV'ot much used.] 

AS-'J’Rl€T', a. Compendious ; contracted. IVcever. 

AS-TRICT'ED, pp. Bound fast j compressed with ban- 
dages. 

AS-TR1€T'ING, ppr. Binding close ; compressing j con- 
tracting. 

AS-TRlC'TfON, n. 1. The act of binding close. 2. A 
contraction of parts by applications j the stopping of hem- 
orrhages. Coze. 

AS-TRICT'IVE, a. Binding ; compressing ; styptic. 

AS-TKICT'O-RV, a. Astringent-, binding; apt to bind. 

A-STRTDE', adc. With the legs open. Hudibras. 

AS-TRIF'ER-OUS, a. [h. astrifer.] Bearing or containing 
stars. used.] 

j AS-TRiG'ER-OlJS, a. [Low L. astriger.] Bearing stars. 

AS-TRINGE', r. «. [L. astringo.] To compress; to con- 
tract by pressing the parts together. 

AS-TJU.NG'ED, (as-trinjd') pp. Compressed ; straitened ; 
contracted. 

AS-TRIiNG'EN CY, n. The power of contracting the parts 
of the body ; that quality in medicines which binds, con- 
tracts, or strengthens parts which are relaxed. 

AS-'J'Rli\'G'E]\T, a. Binding ; contracting ; strengthening; 
opposed to laxutice. 

AS-'J’RliVG'ENT, n. An astringent medicine. 

AS-TRINg'ER, n. A falconer that keeps a gcss hawk. 

AS-TRING'ING, ppr. Compressing ; binding fast ; con- 
tracting. 

AS-TRITE , n. [Gr. aarr,^.] An extraneous fossil, called 
also asteria and astrvtt. 


AS-TROG'RA-PH Y, n. [Gr. aarri^, or atrrpoj/, and 

A description of the stars, or the science of describing 
them. 

AS''rROfT, n. 1. Star-stone. [Sec Astrite.] 2. A species 
of petrified madrepore. 

AS'TRO-LABE, n. [Gr. aarr]^ and Xa/Sttv.] 1. An instru- 
ment formerly used for taking the altitude of the sun or 
stars at sea. 2. A stereographic projection of the sphere. 
3. Among the ancients, the same as the modern armillary 


sphere. 

AS-TROli'O-GER, )n. [L. astrolo^us.] 1. One who 

AS-TRO-Lo'Gl-AN, ^ professes to foretell future events 
by the asi>ects and situation of the stars, j^strologian is 
little used. 2. Formerly, one who understood the mo- 
tions of the planets without predicting. Raleigh . 

Ai^-'PRO-LOG'IC, \ Pertainine to astroloev 

AS-TRO-LOG'l-CAL, \ asiroiogy. 

AS-TRO-LOg'I-CAL-LY, adv. fn the manner of astrology. 

AS-TROL'O-GIZE, v. i. To practice astrology. 

AS-TROL'O-GY, n. A science whicii teaches to judge of 
the effects and influences of the stars, and to foretell fu- 
ture events, by their situation and different aspects. 

AS-TRON'O-MER, n. One who is versed in astronomy. 

AS-1 RO-NOM'IC, _ ^ Pertaining to astronomy. 

ado. In an astronomical man- 


AS-TRO-NOM'[-CAL, 
AS-TRO-NOM'I-€AL-LY, 


ner ; by the principles of astronomy. 

AS-TRO.V'O-MlZE, v. i. To study astronomy. Brown. 
[Little M5cd.] 

AS-TRON'O-MY, n. [Gr. acr^ov and voyog.] The science 
which teaches the knowledge of the celestial bodies, 
their magnitudes, motions, distances, periods of revolu- 
tion, aspects, eclipses, order, &c. 

AS'TRO-S€OPE, n. [Gr. aoryov and ckottco).] An astro- 
nomical instrument. 

AS'TRO-SGO-PY, ?i. Observation of the stars. 

AS'TRO-'J’JIE-OLi'O-GV^, n. [L. astrum and theologia.] 
Theology founded on the observation of the celestial 


bodies. 

A-STRUT', adv. In a strutting manner. 

t A-STUN', t. To stun. 

AS-TuTE', a. [L. astutus.] Shrewd ; sharp ; eagle-eyed ; 
critically examining or discerning. 

A-SUNI)'ER, adv. [Sax. a.sundrian.] Apart ; into parts ; 
separately ; in a divided state. 

f A-SWOoX', adv. In a swoon. Gower. 

A-SV'LUM, V. [L.] 1. A sanctuary, or place of refuge, 

where criminals and debtors shelter themselves from jus- 
tice. 2. Any place of retreat and security. 


A-SYM'.ME-TRAL, \ a. [See ►Symmetry.] Not having 
AS-YM-MET'Rl-€AL, ^ symmetry. More. [Little used.] 
A-SYM'ME-TRY, ??. [Gr. a and (TvpycTpia.] The want of 
proportion between the parts of a tiling. 

AS'YMP-TOTE, 71 . [Gr. a, cvv, and tttow.] A line which 
approaches nearer and nearer to some curve, but, though 
infinitely extended, would never meet it. 
AS-YiMP-TOT'l-€AL, a. Belonging to an asymptote. 
A-SYN'DE-TON, ??. [Gr. a and cruv^ew.] In grammar, a 
figure which omits the connective ; as, veni, vidi, vici. 
Campbell. 


AT, prep. [Sax. wt ; Goth, at.] In general, at denotes neat 
ness or presence as, at the ninth hour, at the house , but 
it is less definite than in or on ; at the house, may be in 
or near the house. It denotes, also, towards, versus ; as, 
to aim an arrow at a mark. From this original import 
are derived all the various uses of at. Jit the sight, is 
with, present, or coming the sight ; at this news, present 
the news, on or with the approach or arrival of this news. 
.^t peace, at war, in a state of peace or war, peace or 
war existing, being present ; at ease, at play, at a loss, 
«Scc., convey the like idea. 

AT A-BAL, n. [i?p.] A kettle drum ; a kind of tabor. 

A-TAG'A -MITE, n. A muriate of copper. 

AT'A-GAS, 71. The red cock or moor-game. 

AT-A-MAfc'GO, n. A species of lily of the genus ama- 
ryllis. 

AT'A-RAX-Y, 71. [Gr. ara^ay^og.] Calmness of mind ; a 
term used by the Stoics. 

A-TAX'Y, 71. [Gr. a and ra^ig.] Want of order ; disturb- 
ance ; irregularity in the functions of the body. 

ATCIIE, 71. In Turkey, a small silver coin, value about 
six or ®^ven mills. 

ATE, the preterit of eat, which see. 

a'TE, (ii'-ty) 71. [Gr. an/.] In pagan mythology , the god- 
dess of mischief. 

A-TEL'LAN, a. Relating to the dramas at Atella. 

A-TEL'LAN, n. A dramatic representation, satirical or li- 
centious. Shaftesbury. 

A TEMl 'O Gl-US''rO. [It.] A direction in music, which 
signifies to sing or play in an equal, true, or just lime. 

ATU-A-Na'S1AN, a. Pertaining to Athanasius or his 
creed. 

ATIl-A-N^'SIAN, 71. He who espoused the doctrine of 
Athanasius. Waterland. 

ATH'A-NOR, 71. A digesting furnace, formerly used in 
chemical operations. 

a'THE-ISM, 71. The disbelief of the existence of a Cod, or 
supreme intelligent Being. 

a'THE-IST, 71. [Gr. aQeog.] One who disbelieves the ex- 

_ istence of a God, or supreme intelligent Being. 

a'THBI-IST, a. Atheistical ; disbelieving or denying the 
being of a supreme God. 

A-THE-IST'IC, \a. J. Pertaining to atheism. 2. Pis- 

A-TIIE-IST'I-CAL, [ believing the existence of a God ; 
impious. 3. Implying or containing atheism. 

A-THE-IST'I-CAL-LY, «du. In an atheistic manner; im- 
piously. 

A-THE-IST'I-€AL-NESS, 7i. The quality of being athe- 
istical. _ 

t a'THE-iZE, V. i. To discourse as an atheist. 

A-THEL, A -PEL, or iE-TllEL, noble, of illustrious birth. 
Sax. cedel, wthel ; G. adel ; as in Athelivg, a noble 
youth ; FAhelred, noble counsel. 

ATH-E-Ne'UM, n. A reading-room. 

A-ITIk'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Athens, the metropolis of 
Attica, in Greece. 

A-'I’He'NI-AN, 71. A native or inhabitant of Athens. 

ATH-E-0-Lo'GI-AN,7i. One who is opposed to a theologian. 

]■ ATH-E-OL'O-GY, 71. Atheism. Swift. 

t A'THE-OUS, a. Atheistic; impious. Milton. 

ATH'E-RINE, or ATII-E-RPNA, ?i. A genus of fishes of 
the abdominal order. 

ATH-E-RO'MA, or ATH'E-ROME, 7t. [Gr. from adripa.] 
An encysted tumor. 

ATH-E-ROM'A-TOLTS, a. Pertaining to or resembling an 
atherome. Wiseman. 

A-THiRST', a. I. Thirsty ; wanting drink. 2. Having a 
keen appetite or desire. 

ATH'LeTE, rt. A contender for victory. 

ATII-LET'IC, a. [Gr. aOXrjryg.] I. Belonging to wres- 
tling, boxing, running, and other exercises. 2. Strong; 
lusty ; robust ; vigorous. 

A-THWART', pi'ep. 1. Across; from side to side ; trans- 
verse.-^-2. In marine language, across the line of a ship’s 
course ; as, a fleet standing athwart our course. Mar. 
Diet. 

A-THWART', adv. In a manner to cross and perplex ; 
crossly; wrong; wrongfully. 

A-TILT', 1. In the manner of a tilter ; in the posi- 

tion, or with the action, of a man making a thrust. 2. In 
the manner of a cask tilted, or with one end raised. 

ATM-MY, 71. [Gr. aripia.] In ancient Greece, disgrace ; 
exclusion from office or magistracy, by some disqualify- 
ing act or decree. 

AT-LAN'Tl-AN, or AT-LAN-TE'AN, a. 1. Pertaining to 
the isle Atlantis, which the ancients alledge was sunk 
and overwhelmed by the ocean. 2. Pertaining to Atlas ; 
resembling Atlas. ^ 

AT-LAN'TI€, a. [from Jltlas or Atlantis.] Pertaining to 
the Atlantic ocean. 

AT-LAN'TI€, n. The ocean, or that part of the ocean, 
which is between Europe and Africa on the east ana 
America on the west. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE ;— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Til as in this, f Obsolete. 


ATT 


60 


ATT 


AT-LAN'TI-€A, or AT-LAN'T£S, n. An isle mentioned 
by the ancients, situated west of Gades, or Cadiz, on the 
strait of Gibraltar. 

AT-L AN'Tl-DES, n. A name given to the Pleiades or seven 
stars. 

AT-LAN'TIS, n. A fictitious philosophical commonwealth 
of Lord Bacon, or the piece describing it. 

AT'LAS, n. 1. A collection of maps in a volume ; supposed 
to be so called from a picture of mount Atlas, supporting 
the heavens, prefixed to some collection. Johnson. 2. A 
large, square foMo, resembling a volume of maps. 3. The 
supporters of a Duilding. 4. A silk satin, or stuff, manu- 
factured in the East. 5. The first vertebre of the neck. 
6. A term applied to paper, as atlas fine. 

AT-MOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. arfiog and ju£rp«:a).| An instru- 
ment to measure the quantity of exhalation trom a humid 

' surface in a given time ; an evaporometer. 

AT'MOS-PHERE, n. [Gr. arfjiog and c(patpa.] The whole 
mass of fluid, consisting of air, aqueous and other vapors, 
surrounding the earth. 

AT-IMOS-PHER'I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to the atmosphere. 

AT-MOS-PHER'I-GAL, i 2. Dependent on the atmosphere. 

AT OM, n. [Gr. aronog j L. atojnus.l 1. A particle of mat- 
ter so minute as to admit of no division. 2. The ultimate 
or smallest component part of a body. 3. Any thing ex- 
tremely small. 

A-TOAl'I€, ) a. Pertaining to atoms ; consisting of 

A-TOM'l-CAL, J atoms *, extremely minute. 

AT'OAI-ISAl, 71. The doctrine of atoms. 

AT'OM-IST, V. One who holds to the atomical philosophy. 

AT'OM-LIKE, a. Resembling atoms. Broione. 

AT'O-M Y, 71. A word used by Shakspeare for atom ; also an 
abbreviation of anatomy. 

AT-ONE', ado. [at and cue.] At one ; together. Spenser. 

A-ToNE', V. i. [supposed to be compounded of at and one.] 

1. To agree *, to be in accordance ; to accord. [ 7'his sense 
is obsolete.] 2. To stand as an equivalent ; to make rep- 
aration, amends or satisfaction for an offense or a crime. 
3. To atone for ^ to make compensation or amends. 

A-ToNE', V. t. 1. To expiate ; to answer or make satisfac- 
tion for. Pope. 2. To reduce to concord ; to appease. 
[JVot now 7t6rd.] 

A-ToX'ED, (a-tond^) PJ7. Expiated; appeased; reconciled. 

A-ToNE'MEi\T, n. 1. Agreement ; concord ; reconcilia- 
tion after enmity or controversy. Rom. v. 2. Expiation ; 
satisfaction or reparation made by giving an equivalent 
for an injury. — 3. In theoloffv, the expiation of sin made 
by tlie obedience and personal sufferings of Christ. 

A-ToX'ER, 71. He who makes atonement. 

A-TON'I€, a. Relaxed ; debilitated. 

A-ToN'XNG, ppr. 1. Reconciling. 2. Making amends, or 
satisfaction. 

AT'O-NY, 71. [Gr. arovia.] Debility ; relaxation ; a want 
of tone or tension ; defect of muscular power ; palsy. 

A-TOP', adv. On or at the top. JMilton. 

AT-RA-BI-La'RI-AN, I a. [L. atra bilis.] Affected with 

AT-R A-BI-La'RI-OUS, j melancholy, which the ancients 
attributed to the bile ; replete with black bile. 

AT-RA-B[-La'RI-OUS-NESS, 7t. The state of being melan- 
choly, or affected with disordered bile. 

AT-RA-MENT'AL, I a. [L. atra7nentum.] Inkv ; black 

AT-RA-MENT'OUS, \ like ink. 

AT-RA-MEN-Ta'RI-OUS, a. Like ink ; suitable for mak- 
ing ink. 

t a'TRED, a. [L. ater.] Tinged with a black color. 

A-TRIP', adv. In nantical la/iffuagc^ the anchor is atidp^ 
when drawn out of the ground in a perpendicular direc- 
tion. 

A-T'RC'CIOUS, a. [L. atroz.] 1. Extremely heinous, crim- 
inal or cruel ; enormous ; outrageous. 2. Very griev- 
ous ; violent. Obs. 

A-TRo'CIOUS-IjY, adv. In an atrocious manner ; with 
enormous cruelty or guilt. 

A TRo'CIOUS-NESS, 71. The quality of being enormously 
criminal or cruel. 

A-TROC'I-TY, V. Enormous wickedness; extreme hein- 
ousness or cruelty. 

AT'RO-PHY, 71. [Gr. a and rpr^w.] A consumption or 
wasting of the flesh, with loss of strength, without any 
sensible cause or hectic fever ; a wasting from defect of 
noudshmsnt. 

A-TRO'Pl- \, n. A vegetable alkali extracted from the 
atroya belladon7ia, or deadly nightshade. 

AT-TACIP, V. t. [Fr. attacker.] 1. To lake by legal au- 
thority ; to arrest the person by writ, tf> answer for a 
debt. 2. To take, seize and lay hold on, by moral force, 
as by affection or interest ; to win the heart ; to fasten or 
bind by i^oral influence. 3. To make to adhere ; to tie, 
bind or fasten. 

AT-TACIFA-BLE, a. That may be legally attached ; lia- 
ble to be taken by writ or precept. 

AT-TACH'ED, (at-tacht') pp. Taken by writ or precept ; 
drawn to and fixed, or united by affection or interest. 


AT-TACHRNG, ppr. Taking or seizing by commandment 
or writ ; drawing to, and fixing by influence ; winning 
the afiections. 

AT-TACHkMEXT, 71 . 1. A taking of the person, goods or 
estate by a writ or precept in a civil action, to secure a 
debt or demand. 2. A writ directing the person or estate 
of a person to be taken, to secure his appearance before a 
court. 3. Close adherence or affection ; fidelity ; regard j 
any passion or affection that binds a person. 

AT-TACK , V. t. [Fr. attaquer.] 1. To assault ; to fall upon 
with force ; to assail, as with force and arms. 2. To fall 
upon with unfriendly words or writing ; to begin a con- 
troversy with. 

AT-TACK', n. An onset ; first invasion ; a falling on, with 
force or violence, or with calumny, satire or criticism. 

AT-TACK'ED, (at-takt') pp. Assaulted ; invaded ; fallen 
on by force or enmity. 

AT-TACK'ER, n. One who assaults or invades. 

AT-TACK'ING, ppr. Assaulting ; invading ; falling on 
with force, calumny or criticism. 

AT-TA-COT'TiC, a. Pertaining to the Attacotti, a tribe of 
ancient Britons, allies of the tcots. 

AT'TA-GEN, n. A beautiful fowl, resembling the pheas- 
ant. 

AT-TaIN', v.i. [Fr. and Norm, attebidre.] 1. To reach; 
to come to or arrive at. 2. To reach ; to come to or ar- 
rive jit, by an effort of mind. 

AT-Ta 1N', y. t. 1. To gain ; to compass ; to achieve or ac- 
complish, that is, to reach by efforts. 2. To reach or come 
to a place or object by progression or motion. 3. To reach 
in excellence or degree ; to equal. 

f AT-TaIN', 7 /. Attainment. Gla/iville. 

AT-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be attained ; that may be 
reached. 

AT-TAIN'A-BLE-NfJSS, n. The quality of being attain- 
able. 

AT-TaIN'DER, n. [Norm. Fr. atteindre.] 1. Literally,, a 
staining, corruption, or rendering impure ; a corruption 
of blood. 2. The judgment of death, or sentence of a 
competent tribunal upon a person convicted of treason or 
felony, which judgment attaints, taints or corrupts his 
blood, so that he can no longer inherit lands. 3. The act 
of attainting. 

AT-TaIN'MENT, 71. 1. The act of attaining ; the act of ar- 
riving at or reaching. 2. That which is attained to, or 
obtained by exertion ; acquisition. 

AT-TaINT', V. t. 1. To taint or corrupt ; to extinguish the 
pure or inheritable blood of a person found guilty of trea- 
son or felony. 2. To taint, as the credit of jurors, con- 
victed of giving a false verdict. 3. To disgrace ; to stain. 
4. To taint or corrupt. Shak. 

AT-TaINT', (at-tSnt') n. LA stain, spot or taint. Shak. 

2. Any thing injurious ; that which impairs. [OZ>s.] Shak. 

3. A blow or wound on the hinder feet of a horse. 4. A 
writ which lies after judgment against a jury for giving a 
false verdict in any court of record. 

t AT-Ta 1NT', part. a. Convicted. 

AT-TaINT'ED, pp. Stained ; corrupted ; rendered infa- 
mous ; rendered incapable of inheriting. 

AT-TaINT'ING, ppr. Staining; corrupting; rendering in- 
famous by judicial act ; depriving of inheritable blood. 

AT-TaINT'MENT, 71. The being attainted. 

AT-TaINT'URE, n. A staining or rendering infamous; 
reproach ; imputation. 

f AT-TAM'IN-ATE, v. t. [L. attamino.] To corrupt. 

t AT-TASK', V. t. To task ; to tax. Shak. 

t AT-TaSTE', V. t. To taste. 

AT-TEM'PER, v. t. [L. atte7npcro .] 1. To reduce, modify 
or moderate by mixture. 2. To soften, mollify or moder- 
ate. 3. To mix in just proportion ; to regulate. 4. To 
accommodate ; to fit or make suitable. 

f AT-TEM'PER-ANCE, 71. Temperance. Chaucer. 

AT-TEM'PER-ATE, a. [L. atte7nperatus.] Tempered ; 
proportioned ; suited. 

t AT-TEM'PER-ATE, V. t. To attemper. 

AT-TEM'PERED, pp. Reduced in quality; moderated; 
softened ; well mixed ; suited. 

AT-TEM'PER-ING, ppr. Moderating in quality ; .softening ; 
mixing in due proportion ; making suitable. 

t AT-TEM'PER-LY, adv. In a temperate manner. 

AT-TEIVI'PER-MENT, n. A tempering or proportioning. 
Dr. Chalmers. 

AT-TEMPT', 7*. t. [Fr. attevter.] 1. To make an effort to 
effect some object ; to make trial or experiment ; to try ; 
to endeavor ; to use exertion for any purpose. 2. To at- 
tack ; to make an effort upon. 

AT-TEMPT', V. An essay, trial or endeavor; an attack; 
or an effort to gain a point. 

AT-TEMPT' A-BLE, a. That may be attempted, tried or 
attacked ; liable to an attempt. 

AT-TEMPT'ED, pp. Essayed ; tried ; attacked. 

AT-TEMPT'ER, n. One who attempts, or attacks. 

AT-TEMPT'ING, ppr. Trying ; essaying ; making an ef- 
fort to gain a point ; attacking. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, cl, E, V, long.—FXR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


ATT 


61 


ATT 


AT-TEND', V. t. [L. attendo ; Fr. attendre,'\ 1. To go with, 
or accompany, as a companion, minister or servant. 2. To 
be jnesent ; to accompany or be united to. 3. To be con- 
setiuent to, from connection of cause. 4. To await} to 
remain, abide or be in store for. 5. To wait for } to lie in 
wait. b. To wait or stay for. 7. To accompany witli 
solicitude *, to regard. ». To regard } to fix the mind 
upon. y. To expect. [Aot in m»c.J Raleigh. 

Al’-TE.VD', V. i. J. 'I o listen } to legard with attention ; fol- 
lowed by tu. 2. 'i’o fix the attention upon, as an object 
of pursuit } to be busy or engaged in. b. To wait on } to 
accompany or be present, in pursuance of duty } with on 
or upon. 4. To wait on, in service or worship ; to serve, 
b. To stay } to delay. UOs. 7. To wait } to be within 
call. Spenser. 

AT-TEND'ANCE, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of waiting on, or 
serving. 2. A waiting on } a being present on business 
of any kind. 3. Ifervice } ministry. 4. The persons at- 
tending } a train *, a retinue. 5. Attention ; regard ; care- 
ful application of mind. C. Expectation. [O^s.] JJuoUer. 

AT-TEi\D'ANT, a. J . Accompanying ; being present, or in 
the train. 2. Accompanying, cimnected with, or imme- 
diately following, as consequential. — 3. In Zaic, depending 
on or owing service to. 

AT-TENI)'ANT, 71. I. One who attends or accompanies; 
one who belongs to the train. 2. One who is present. 3. One 
who owes service to or depends on another. 4. That 
which accompanies or is consequent to. 

AT-TEIS'D'ED, pp. Accompanied; having attendants; 
served ; waited on. 

AT-TEND'ER, 71. One who attends ; a companion ; an as- 
sociate. [Little used.] 

AT-TENB'ING, ppr. Going with ; accompanying ; wait- 
ing on ; being present ; serving ; listening. 

f AT-TEND'ii\G-LY, ode. With attention. Oley. 

AT-TENT', a. Attentive. 2 Chron. vi. 

AT-TENT'ATES, n. rroceedings in a court of judicature, 
after an inhibition is decreed. 

AT-TEN'TION, n. 1. The act of attending or heeding. 
2. Act of civility, or courtesy. 

AT-TENT'IVE, a. [Fr. attentif.] Heedful ; intent j ob- 
servant ; regarding with care. 

AT-TENT IVE-LY, adc. HeedfulIy ; carefully ; with fixed 
attention. 

AT-TENT'IVE-NESS, n. The state of being attentive ; 
heedfulness ; attention. 

AT-TEN'U-ANT, a. Making thin, as fluids ; diluting ; 
rendering less dense and viscid. 

AT-TEN'l/-ANT, n. A medicine which thins the humors, 
subtilizes their parts, dissolves viscidity, and disposes the 
fluids to motion, circulation and secretion ; a diluent. 

AT-TEN'U-ATE, v. t. [L. atlenuo.] 1. To make thin or 
less consistent ; to subtilize or break the humors of the 
body into finer parts ; to render less viscid. 2. To com- 
minute J to break or wear solid substances into finer or 
very minute parts. 3. To make slender ; to reduce in 
thickness. 

AT-TEN'U-ATE, a. Made thin, or less viscid ; made slender. 

AT-TEN'U-A-TED, pp. Made thin or less viscid ; commi- 
nuted ; made slender. — In botany^ growing slender to- 
wards the point. 

AT-TEN'U-A-TING, ppr. Making thin, as fluids ; making 
fine, as solid substances ; making slender or lean. 

AT-TEN-U-a'TION, 71. J. The act of making thin, as 
fluids. 2. The act of making fine, by comminution or 
attrition. 3. The act or process of making slender, thin 
or lean. 

AT'TER, 77. [Sax. ater.] Corrupt matter. Skinner. 

AT'TER-ATE, v. t. [L. attero.] 1. To wear away. 2. To 
form or accumulate by wearing. 

AT'TER-A-TED, pp. Formed by wearing. Ray. 

AT-TER-a'TION, 77. The operation of forming land by the 
wearing of the sea, and the wearing of the earth in one 
place and deposition of it in another. 

AT'TER-COP* \ ^ d^Torth of England. 

AT-TEST', V. t. [Fr. attcster ; L. attestor.] 1. To bear wit- 
ness to ; to certify ; to affirm to be true or genuine ; to 
make a solemn declaration. 2. To bear witness, or support 
the truth of a fiict, by other evidence than words. 3. To 
call to witness ; to invoke as conscious. 

AT-TEST', 77. \\"itness ; testimony ; attestation. [L. w.] 

AT-TES-Ta'T 10N, 77. Testimony ; witness ; a solemn or 
oflicial declaration. 

AT-TEST'ED, pp. Proved or supported by testimony, sol- 
emn or official ; witnessed ; supported by evidence.* 

AT-TEST'ING, ppr. Witnessing ; calling to witness ; af- 
firming in support of. 

AT-TEST'OR, n. One who attests. 

AT'TIC, a. [L. Attiens ; Gr. Arri/co?.] Pertaining to Attica 
in Greece, or to its principal city, Athens. Thus, Attic 
wit, Attic salt, a poignant, delicate wit, peculiar to the 
Athenians. — dttic story., a story in the upper part of a 
house, where the windows usually are square. 


AT'TIO, n. J, A small square pillar with its comice on the 
uppermost part of a building. 2. An Athenian ; an Athe- 
nian author. 

Al ''1 1 C.AL, a. [L. atticus.] Relating to the style of Athens : 
pure ; classical. Ilaimnund. 

AT'Tl-CiSM, 77. 1. The peculiar style and idiom of the Greek 
language, used by the Athenians ; refined and elegant 
Greek. 2. A particular attachment to the Athenians. 
J\litfirrd. 

AT'TI-CTZE, V. t. To conform or make conformable to the 
language or idiom of Attica. 

AT'l'l-CiZE, v.i. To use Atticisms, or the idiom of the 
Atl’.enians. 

AT'TlGS, 71. plu. The title of a book in Pausanias, which 
treats of Attica. 

AT-TINGE', V. t. [L. nttingo.] To touch lightly. Diet. 

AT-TTRE', V. t. [Norm, uttyrer.] To dress ; to array ; to 
adorn with elegant or splendid garments. 

AT-TIRE', 77. J. Dress ; clothes ; habit ; but appropriately ^ 
ornamental dress. 2. The horns of a deer. — 3. In botany y 
the generative parts of plants. 

AT-TiR'ED, (at-tird') pp. Eressed ; decked with orna- 
ments or attire. 

AT-TTR'ER, n. One who dresses or adorns with attire. 

AT-TlRTNG, ppr. Dressing ; adorning with dress or attire. 

t AT-TI'TLE, V. t. To entitle. Oower. 

AT'Tl-TUDE, 77. [Fr. attitude.] 1. In painting and sculp- 
turcy the posture or action in which a figure or statue is 
placed. 2. Posture ; position of things or persons. 

AT-TOE'LENT, a. [L. attollens.] Lifting up; raising. 
Derham. 

AT-TOL'LENT, n. A muscle which raises some part, as 
tJie ear, the tip of the nose, or the upper eye-lid ; other- 
wise called levator or elevator. 

AT-ToNE'. See Atone. 

AT-T6RN', V. i. [L. ad and torno.] In the feudal lawy to 
turvy or transfer homage and service from one lord to an- 
other. 

AT-T6RN'EY, 77. ; pZ?/. Attornevs. [Norm. aZZowrTioTt.] 
One who is appointed or admitted, in the place of another, 
to manage his matters in law. The word formerly signified 
any person who did any business for another. Attorney- 
eneral is an officer appointed to manage business for the 
ing, the state or public ; and his duty, in particular, is to 
prosecute persons guilty of crimes. 

f AT-T6RN'EY, v. t. To perform by proxy ; to employ as 
a proxy. Shak. 

A P-T6RN'EY-SHIP, n. The office of an attorney ; agency 
for another. Shak. 

AT-T6RN'ING, ppr. Acknowledging a new lord, or trans- 
ferring homage and fealty to the purchaser of an estate. 

AT~T6RN'MENT, n. The act of a feudatory vassal or ten- 
ant, by which he consents to receive a new lord or supe- 
rior. 

AT-TRAGT', v. t. [L. attrahoy attractus.] To draw to ; to 
cause to move towards, and unite with ; to invite or al- 
lure ; to engage. 

t AT-TRAGT', n. Attraction. Hudibras. 

AT-TRA€T-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being attracta- 
ble. Asiat. Researches. 

AT-TRA€T'A-BLE, a. That may be attracted ; subject to 
attraction. 

AT-TRA€T'ED, pp. Drawn towards ; invited ; allured ; 
engaged. 

t AT-TR AGT'IG ) 

^ I power to draw to. Ray, 

AT-TRA€T'ILE, a. That has power to attract. Med. Rep. 

AT-TRA€T'1NG, ppr. Drawing to or towards ; inviting ; 
alluring ; engaging. 

AT TRAUT'ING-LY, adv. In an attracting manner. 

AT-TRA€'TION, ??. 1. The power in bodies which is sup- 
posed to draw them together. 2. The act of attracting ; 
the effect of the principle of attraction. 3. The power or 
act of alhiring, drawing to, inviting or engaging. 

AT-TRAGT'IVE, a. [Fr. attractif.] 1. Having the quality 
of attracting ; drawing to. 2. Drawing to by moral in- 
fluence ; alluring ; inviting ; engaging. 

AT-TR AGT'IVE-LY, adv. With the power of attracting, 
or drawing to. 

AT-TR A€T'IVE-NESS, n. The quality of being attractive, 
or engaging. 

AT-TRAGT OR, n. The person or thing that attracts. 

*AT-TRJ\'HENT, 77. [1^. attr aliens.] Drawing to ; or, as a 
novvy that which draws to. Glanville. 

t AT-TR AP', V. t. To clothe ; to dress. 

AT-TREO-Ta'TION, 71. [L. attrectatio.] Frequent hand- 
ling. Diet. 

AT-TR IB'U-TA-BLE, a. That may be ascribed, imputed 
or attributed ; ascribable ; imputable. 

AT-TR IR'UTE, v. t. [Ij. attribuo.] 1. To allot or attach, in 
contemplation ; to ascribe ; to consider as belonging. 2. To 
give as due ; to yield as an act of the mind, 3, To im^t 
pute, as to a cause. 

AT'TRl-BUTE, n. 1. That which is attributed : that which 


♦ Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, D6VE;— BULL, UNITE.—€asK ; Gas J; SasZ; CHasSHj THasintAw, f Ohsgleti. 


AUT> 


62 


AUR 


is considered as belonging to, or inherent in. 2. Quality ; 
cliamcteriatic disposition. 3. A thing belonging to an- 
other } an appendant. 4. Reputation •, honor. S/iak. 
AT-3’RI R'U-TEl), pp. Ascribed ; yielded as due ; imputed. 
AT-TRIB'U-TING, ppr. Ascribing-, yielding or giving as 
due ; imputing. 

AT-TRI-liO'TION, n. The act of attributing, or the quality 
ascribed 3 commendation. 

AT-TRIB'U-TI V£, a. Pertaining to or expressing an attri- 
bute. 

AT-TRIB'U-TIVE, 71. In grammar , a word significant of 
an attribute ; as an adjective, verb or particle. 
AT-TRiTE', [L* attritu^'.] Worn by rubbing or friction. 
Milton. See Trite. 

AT-TRTTE'NESS, n. The being much worn. 
AT-TRr'TlON, 71. 1. Abrasion ; the act of wearing by fric- 
tion, or rubbing substances together. 2. Tlie state of be- 
ing worn. 3. With divines, grief for sin arising from fear 
of punishment ; the lowest degree of repentance. JVallis. 
AT-TuNE', V. t. 1. To make musical. 2. To tune, or put 
in tune ; to adjust one sound to another ; to make accord- 
ant. 

AT-TON'ED, (at-tund*) pp. Made musical or harmonious ; 
accommodated in sound. 

AT-TuX'ING, ppr. Putting in tune; making musical, or 
accordant in sound. 

t A-TWA IN', ad«. In twain ; asunder. Shak. 
i A-TWEEN', ado. Between. Spenser. 
f A-TWIXT', adv. Betwixt. Spenser. 
f A-TWo', ado. In two. Chaucer. 

AU-BaINE', (au-bdlne') n. [Fr. auhain.'\ The droit d^au- 
"* bnine, in France, is the right of the king to the goods of 
an alien dying within his jurisdiction. 

AU'BURN, a. [from hrun, bruno, Fr. and It., brown.] 
Brown ; of a dark color. 

AUCTION, n. [L. auctio.] 1. A public sale of property to 
’the highest bidder, and, regularly, by a person licensed 
and authorized for the purpose ; a vendue. 2. The thing 
sold at auction. Pope. 
t AUCTION, V. t. To sell by auction. 

AUCTION-A-RY, a. Belonging to an auction or public sale. 
D "vde '> . 

AU0-TION-EER', n. [L. auctionarius.] The person who 
” sells at auction. 

AUG-TION-EER', o. t. To sell at auction. Cowper. 
f AUCTIVE, a. Of an increasing quality. Diet. 
AU-€U-Pa'TIOxN, 71. f U. aucupatio.'] The act or practice 

* of taking birds ; fowling ; bird-catching. ^Litilc used.] 
AU-Da'CKIUS, a. [L. audaz ; Fr. audacieux.] 1. Very 

bald or daring ; impudent. 2. Committed with, or pro- 
ceed’ug from, daring elfrontery. 3. Bold ; spirited. 
AU-Da'(JIOUS-LV, adv. In an impudent manner ; with 

* excess of boldness. Shak. 

AU-Da'CIOUS-NESS, V. The quality of being audacious ; 

* impudence ; audacity. Sandijs. 

AU-DACT-TY, n. 1. Boldness, 50777 in a good sense ; 
daring spirit, resolution or confidence. 2. Audaciousness ; 
impudence ; in a bad sense ,* implying a contempt of law 
or moral restraint. 

AUD'E-AN-ISM, n. Anthropomorphism ; or the doctrine of 
*' Andeus. 

AUD'i-BLE, a. [L. audibiHs.] That may be heard ; per- 
' ceivable by the ear ; loud enough to be heard, 
f AUD'I-BLE, n. The object of hearing. Diet. 
AUD'l-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being audible. 
AUD'I-BLY, adv. In an audible manner ; in a manner so as 
to be heaid. 

AUD'LENCE, 77. 1. The act of hearing, or attending to 
’ sounds. 2. Admittance to a hearing ; public reception to 
an interview. 3. An auditory ; an assembly of hearers. 
— 1. In the Spanish dominions, a court. 5. In England, a 
court held by the archbishop of Canterbury, on the subject 
of consecrations, elections, institutions, marriages, &c. 
AUDD-ENCE-CHaM'BER, 71. The place of reception for a 

* solemn meeting. Translation of Boccnlini. 
AUD'I-ENCE-CdURT, n. A court belonging to the arch- 
" bishop of Canterbury, of equal authority with the arches 

court, though inferior both in dignity and antiquity. 

I Atjn'l-ENT, 77. A hearer. Shelton. 

aULMT, 77. [L. audit.] 1. An examination of an account, 
or of accounts, with a hearing of the parties concerned. 
2. The result of such an examination ; a final account. 
AUO'fT, V. t. To examine and adjust an account or ac- 
counts. 

•f ADDMT, V. i. To sum up. Arlmthnot. 

AUD'IT-HOUSE, 77. An appendage to a cathedral, 
t ATTD-T'TION, 77. Hearing. 
aVidT-TIVE, a. Having the power of hearing. 
AUD'dtOR, 77. [L.] 1. A hearer ; one who attends to hear 
’ a discourse. 2. A person appointed and authorized to ex- 
amine an account or accounts. 

AUH» [-TOR-SHIP, The office of auditor. 

XUH'l-TO-RY, a. That has the power of hearing ; pertain- 
ing to the sense or organs of hearing. 


^UDH-TO-RY, 71. [L. auditorium.] 1. An audience ; an 
assembly of hearers. 2. A place or apartment where dis- 
courses are delivered. 3. A bench on which a judge sits 
to hear causes. 

^UD'I-TRESfcs, n. A female hearer. Milton. 

AUF, 77. A fool ; a simpleton. See Oaf. 

AU-(jE'AN, a. Belonging to ./377^7-ca5 as, the stable. 

£jR., 77. [D. avegaar.] An instrument for boring large 

* holes. 

AUG'ER-IIOLE, n. A hole made by an auger. 

AUGHT, (awt) n. [Sax. awiht, aht, or owiht, ohwit, oht.] 
” 1. Any thing, indefinitely. 2. Any part, the smallest ; a 
jot or tittle. 

AU'GITE, 77. [Gr. avyr].] A mineral, called by Ilauy, pyrox- 
ene : often found in distinct crystals. 

AU-GlT'l€, a. Pertaining to augite ; resembling augite. 
AUG-MENT*, V. t. [Fr. augmenter.] 1. To increase ; to 
enlarge in size or extent ; to swell ; to make bigger. 2. 
To increase or swell the degree, amount or magnitude. 
AUG-MENT', V. i. To increase ; to grow larger. 
AUG'MENT, 77. 1. Increase ; enlargement by addition ; 
state of increase. — 2. In philology, a syllable prefixed to a 
word ; or an increase of the quantity of the initial vowel. 
AUG-MENT'A-BLE, a. That may be increased ; capable 
of augmentation. JValslPs Amer. Rev. 
AUG-MENT-a'TION, 77. 1. The act of increasing, or mak- 
ing larger. 2. The state of being increased or enlarged. 
3. The thing added by which a thing is enlarged. — 4. In 
music, a doubling the value of the notes of the subject of 
a fugue or canon. 

AUG-MENT'A-TIVE, a. Having the quality or power of 
augmenting. 

AUG-MEN3 'ER, n. He that augments. 

AUG-MENT'ING, ppr. Increasing ; enlarging. 

AU'GRE. See Auger. 

A U'G RE-HOLE, n. A hole made by an augre. Shak. 
AU'GUR, 77. [L. augur.] 1. Among the Romans, an officer 
wJiose duty was to foretell future events by the singing, 
chattering, flight, and feeding of birds. 2. One who pre- 
tends to foretell future events by omens. 

AU'GUR, V. i. To guess ; to conjecture by signs or omens ; 
to prognosticate. 

AU'GUR, V. t. To predict or foretell ; as, to augur ill suc- 
cess. 

AU'GU-RAL, a. [L. auguralls.] Pertaining to an augur, or 
to prediction by the appearance of birds. 

AU'GU-RATE, v. i. To judge by augury ; to predict. War^ 
burton. \ Little used.] 

AU-GU-R.a'TION, 77. The practice of augury, or the fore- 
telling of events by the chattering and flight of birds. 
AU'GUREH, pp. Conjectured by omens ; prognosticated 
AU'GU-RER, 77. An augur. Shak. [JV'bt legitim ate.] 
AU-GU'RI-AL, a. Relating to augurs. Brown. 
f AU'GU-RIZE, V. t. I'o augur. 

AU'GUR-OUS, a. Predicting ; foretelling ; foreboding. 
AU'GU-RY', 77. [L. augurium.] 1. The art or practice of 
’ foretelling events by the flight or chattering of birds. 2. 

An omen ; prediction ; prognostication. 

AU-GUST', a. [L. augustus.] Grand ; magnificent ; ma- 
jestic ; impressing awe ; inspiring reverence. 

AU'GUST, 77. The eighth montii of the year, named in 
’ honor of the emperor Octavius Augustus. 

AU-GUST'AN, a. 1. Pertaining to Augustus: as, the j3?7- 
' gustan age. 'H. The Augustan confession, draw'ii up at 
Augusta or Augsburg, by Luther and Melancthon, in 
153*1, contains the principles of the Protestants. 
AU-GUS-TIN'I-ANf?, n. Thase divines, wlio, from St. Au- 

* gustin, maintain that grace is effectual from its nature. 
AU-GUST' INS, or AU-GUS-TIN'I-ANS, n. An order of 

monks, so called from St. Augustin. 

AU-GUST'NESS, n. Dignity of mien ; grandeur ; magnifi- 
cence. 

AUK, 77. [contracted from alca.] A genus of aquatic fowls, 
of the order of avser s. 

AUK'VVARD. See Awkward. 

AU-La'RI-AN, 77. [L. «77L7.] At Oxford, the member of a 
/laH, distinguished from o. collegian. Todd. 
t AULD, a. [Sax. aid.] Old. Shak. 

AU-LET'I€, a. [Gr. av'XrjTiKog.] Pertaining to pipes, or to a 
pipe. [Little 

AU'LIC, a. [L. aulicus.] Pertaining to a royal court, proba- 
bly confined to the German empire. 

AULN, 77. [Fr. a77f77c.] A French measure of length ; an ell. 
f AU-MaIIj', V. t. [Fr. email.] To figure or variegate. 
AUM'BRY. See Ambry. 

AUME, 77. A Dutch me<isure for Rhenish wine. 

AUNE, n. [a contraction of aulne, ulna.] A French cloth 
*’ measure. 

AUNT, (ant) n. [L. amita ; qu. Fr. tante.] The sister of 
one’s father or mother, conelative to nephew or niece. 
t AUN'TER, 77. Old word for adventure. 

A’U'RA, 77. [L.] Literally, 0 . breeze, or gentle current of 
” air, but used by English writers for a stream of fine parti- 


* See Synopsis. A, K, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT; — PR£Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BiRD ; — f Obsolete. 


AUT 63 AUT 


cl«s flowing from a body, as effluvia, aroma, or odor ; an 
exhalation. 

AU KA'i’l^, «. A sort of pear. 

Aii'iiATE, n. [L. auraiu.} A combination of the oxyd of 
” gold with a base. 

AU'ttA-TEU, a. Keseuibling gold, 
f AU ItE-A'I', a. [L. auratus.J Golden. Shelton. 
aD-Kk'LI-A, n. m natural history, the nymph or chrysalis 
of ai^ insect. 

AU-Rr: Li- AN, a. Like or pertaining to the aurelia. 
AU'Ri€, a. [from aururn.] Pertaining to gold. 

AG'Rl-GLE, n. [L. auricula.] 1. The external ear, or that 
p:irt vvliicli is prominent from the head. '2. Tlie auricles 
of the heart are two muscular bags, situated at the base, 
serving as diverticula for the blood, during the diastole. 
AU-Il!€'rj-LA, n, A species of primrose, called, from the 
shape of its leaves, beards car. 

AG-RiG'U-LAR, a. [L. auricula.] 1. Pertaining to the 
ear j within the sense of hearing; told in the ear. 2. 
Jiecognized by the ear ; known by the sense of hearing. 
3, Traditional ; known by report. 

AU-RIC'G-LAR-LV^, ado. in a secret manner ; by way of 
whisper, or voice addressed to the ear. 

AU-RlG'LJ-LATE, a. Shaped like the ear. Botany. 
AU-RiGRJ-LA-TED, a. Having large or elongated ears. 
ALJ-RIE'ER-OUS, a. [L. aurij'er.] That yields or produces 
■'gold. 

ALI-ithGA, n. [L. aurea, orea, and rego.] 1. Literally, the 
director of a car, or wagon. — In astronomy, the Wagoner, 
a constellation in the northern hemisphere. 2. 'J'he fourth 
lobe of the liver ; also, a bandage for the sides. 
AU-Rl-GA'PION, n. [L. auriga.] The act or practice of 
driving horses harnessed to carnages. 
ALJ-M-PlG-MEN''rUM. See Orpiment. 

AU'.'l’-SGALP, n. [L. auris and scalpo.] An instrument to 
clean the ears. 

AU'RiST, n. [L. rturts.] One skilled in disorders of the 
ear, or who professes to cure them. 

AU'.t >6HS, II. [(i. urochs.] A species of ox, whose bones 
are fmnd in gravel and alluvial soil. Jour, of Science. 
AG-RcMA, II. I'L. aurora.] 1. The rising light of the 
’ morning ; the d.iwn of day, or morning twilight. 2. The 
goddess i)f the niorning, or twilight deified by fanc 3 ^ 3. 
A species of crowfoot. 

Jlu‘'ora boreaH'!, or lumen boreale ; northern twilight. This 
species of light usu illy appears in streams, ascending to- 
wards the zenith from a dusky line a few degrees above 
the horizon. 

AU-Ro'llAL, a. Relonging to the aurora, or to the northern 
lights ; resembling the twilight. E. Goodrich. 

AU'ilUM, n. Gold. 

'Aururn. fuhninans, fulminating gold, is gold dissolved in 
aqua regia or nitro-muriatic acid, and precipitated by vol- 
atile alkali. 

AUS-GUL-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of listeriing, or heark- 
ening to. — 2. In medicine, a method of distinguishing dis- 
eases, particularly in the thorax, by observing the sounds 
in the part, generally by means of a tube a{)plied to the 
surface. 

AU'SP1-€ATE, V. t. [L. auspir.or.] 1. To give a favorable 
' turn to. Burke. 2. To foreshow. 3. To begin. Burke. 
AU'SPICE, I n. [L. auspicium .] 1. The omens of an un- 

AfJ'SPI-CE!^, \ dertaking, drawn from birds ; augury. 
2. Protection; favor showui ; patronage; influence. In 
this sense the word is generally plural, auspices. 
t AU-PPT"C1 AL, a. Relating to prognostics. 

AU-SPI"CIOtr!^, a. 1. Having omens of success, or favora- 
ble appearances. 2. Prosjierous ; fortunate. 3. Favora- 
ble ; kind ; propitious. 

AU-!^PT"CI0US-LY, ado. With favorable omens ; happily ; 
*’ prosperously ; favorably ; propitiously. 
AIJ-SPP'CIOUS-NESS, n. Astateof fair promise; prosperity. 
AUS'TER, n. [L.] The south wind. Pope. 

A(J-STii:RE', a. [T.. 1. Severe; harsh; rigid; 

stern. 2. Sour ; harsh ; rough to the taste. 
AG-Sfl’KRR'LY, ado. Severely ; rigidly ; harshly'. 
AU-STeRE'NESS, n. 1. Severity in manners ; harshness ; 
” austerity. 2. Roughness in taste. 

ATT-STPjR'I-TY, V. [L. austerita^.] Severity of manners or 
"life ; rigor ; strictness ; Irarsh discipline. 

AU-'TU \L, a. [I^. australis.] Southern ; lying or being in 
the south. 

AUS-TR \L-a'-IA, n. \austral and A name given 

"to the countries situated to the south of Asia, cornpre- 
henuii g New Holland, New Guinea, New Zealand, <fec. 
f AITS'TRAL-IZE, V. i. [L. auster.] To tend towards the 
south. 

AUS TRI-AN, a. Pertaining to Austria. 

AnS'TRI- \N, n. A native of Austria. 

Xu^/TRINE, a. [L. awstrf'nw.] South ; southerly; southern. 
ATJS'TrtO-M \N-CY, v. [from auster, and Gr. pavreia.] 
Soothsnvimi, or prediction of future events, from observa- 
tion of the winds. 

t AU'TAR-CHY’’, /». [Gr. /lurapxcta.] Self-sufficiency. Coles. 


AU-THEN^TT€/, | a. [Fr. authentique.] 1. Having si 
AU-THEN'Tl-GAL, \ genuine original or authority, in 
oppositi<*n to that which is false, fictitious, or couiiteifeit ; 
being what it purports to be ; genuine ; true. 2. Uf ap- 
proved authority. 

AU-THEiN'Tl-GAL LY, adv. In an authentic manner; 

with the requisite or genuine auuioriiy. 
AU-'l’HEN'Tl-GAL-NESS, n. The quality of being authen- 
tic ; authenticity. 

AU-THEN'1'l-GATE, v. t. To render authentic ; to give 
authority to, by the proof. 

AU-TH EiS'Tl-€A -TED, pp. Rendered authentic; having 
received the forms which prove genuineness. 
AU-THEN'T1-GA-TU\G, ppr. Giving authority by the 
necessary signature, seal, attestation, or other forms. 
AU-THEJN-R'I-GA'TiON, n. The act of authenticating ; the 
giving of authority by the necessary formalities. 
AU-THEN'TlG-LY, adv. After an authentic manner. 
AU-THEN-TICR-T Y, 7t. Genuineness ; the quality of being 
"of genuine original. 

AG-THEN'TIG-NESS, n. Authenticity. [Rarely used.] 
AU'THOR, n. [L. auctor ; Fr. auteur ; Sp. autor ; It. au- 
tore.] 1. One who produces, creates, or brings into being. 
2 The beginner, former, or first mover of any thing ; 
hence, the efficient cause of a thing. It is appropriately 
applied to one who composes or whites a book, or original 
work. 

f A L 'THOR, V. t. To occasion ; to eflfect. 
aC'THOR-ESS, V. A female author. 

AU-THOR'I-TA-TIVE, a. 1. Having due authority. 2. 

Having an air uf authority ; positive ; peremptory. 
AU-TliOR'f-TA-Ti VE-LY, ado. In an authoritative man- 
ner ; with due authority. 

AU-THOK'l-TA-TIVE-i\ESS, n. The quality of being au- 
thoritative ; an acting by authority. 

AU-THOR'i-T /, n. [L. auctoritas.] 1. Legal power, or a 
right to command or to act ; power ; rule ; sway. 2. 'i he 
power derived from opinion, respect or esteem ; influence 
of character or office ; credit. 3. 'J’estiinony ; witness ; 
or the person who testifies. 4. VYeiglit of testimony ; 
credibility. 5. Weight of character ; respectability ; dig- 
nity. fl. Warrant ; order ; permission. 7. I recede nts, 
decisions of a court, officia declarations, resjiectable 
opinions and .sayings, also the books that contain them. 
8. Government ; the persons or the body exercising pow- 
er or command. 

AU-THOR-I-Za'TION, n. The act of giving authority, or 
" legal power ; establishment by authority. 
AU'THOR-TZE, v. t. [Fr. autoriser.] 1. To give authority, 
warrant or legal power to ; to give a right to act ; to em- 
power. 2. To give authority, credit or reputation to. 3. 
To justify ; to support as right. 

AU'THOR-lZEl), pp. Warranted by nght ; supported by 
authority ; derived from legal or proper authority ; hav- 
ing power or authority. 

AU'THOR-1-ZlNG, ppr. Giving authority to, or legal pow- 
er, credit, or permission. 

t AU'THOR-LE&S, a. Without authority. Sir E. Sackville. 
AU'THOR-SHIP, n. The quality or state of being an author. 
Shaftesbury. 

AU-TO-BI-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. aurog, and biography.] 
Biography or memoirs of one’s life written by himselu 
Walsh. 

AU-TO€H'THON, n. [Gr.] One who rises or grows out of 
the earth. 

AU-TO€'RA-SY, n. [Gr. avrog and xparoj.] Independent 
power ; supreme, uncontrolled authority. 

AU'TO-€RAT, AU'TO-€RA-TER, or AU'TO-€RA-TOR, 
V. An absolute prince or sovereign ; a title assumed by 
tlie emperors of Russia. 

AU-TO-€RAT'i€, ) a. Pertaining to autocracy ; abso- 
AlJ-TO-€RAT'I-€AL, \ lute. 

AU'TO-€RA-TRlX, v. A female absolute sovereign. 

AUTO DA FE. [Port, art of faith.] 1. In tlie Romish 
church, a solemn day held by the Inquisition, for tlie pun- 
ishment of heretics. [Span. Muto defe.] 2. A sentence 
given by the Inquisition, and read to a criminal, or he- 
retic. 3. The session of the court of Inquisition, 
f AU-TO-Gk'NE-AL, a. [Gr. avToyeinjg.] Self begotten. 
AU'TO-GRAPH, or AU-TOG'RA-PH Y, n. [Gr. avrog and 
ypacpq.] A person’s own hand-writing ; an original man- 
uscript. 

AU-TOG'RA-PHAL, a. Of the particular hand-writing of a 
person. 

AU-TO-GRAPFI'l€, ) a. Pertaining to an autograph, or 
AU-TO-GR.APH'I-GAL, | one’s own hand-writing. 
AU-TOM'A-LlTE, n. A mineral, called by Haiiy, spinelle 
linrP'^'-e. 

t AU-TOM'A-TAL, a. Automatical ; automatons. 
AU'TO-MATH, n. [Gr. avrog and pavdavio.] One who is 
self taught. Young. 

AU-TO-M AT'l€, ) a. 1. Belonging to an automaton ; 

AU-TO-MAT'I-€AL, I having the ’ power of moving 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — B[JLL, UNITE. — C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


AVE 64 AVE 


itself; mechanical. 2. Not voluntary ; not depending on 
the will. 

,\lJ-TOM'A-TON, V. [Gr. avTOfxaTog.] A self-moviiig ma- 
chine, or one which moves by invisible springs. 
AU-TO.M'A-TOUd, a. Having in itself the j)i)wer of mo- 
tion. 

AU-'I’ON'O-MOLTS, a. independent in governn?ent ; having 
the right of self-government. Mitford. 

AU-TuN 0-M Y, 7J. (Gr. auro? and vo/xof.] The power or 
right of self-government. 

AU'TOP-SY, ?j. [Gr. aeryx^fa.] Personal observation ; ocu- 
lar view. [jiutopsy and its derivatives are rarely used.] 
ALJ-TOP'TI-GAL, a. l:?een witli one’s own eyes. 

AG-TOP Tl-€ A L-LY, ado. By means of ocular view, or 
one’s own observation. Brown. 
t AU-TO-S€IlED-i-AS'TT-€AL,a. Hasty ; slight. Martin. 
AU'TUMN, (aw turn) n. [L. autumnus.] The third season 
of the year, or the season between summer and winter. 
Astronomically^ it begins at the equinox, when the sun 
enters libra^ and ends at the winter solstice ; but, in pop%i~ 
lar language^ autumn comprises September, October, and 
Nr veinber. 

AU-TUM'iN AL, a. Belonging to autumn ; produced or 
gathered in autumn. 

AU-TUAPNAL, n. A plant that flowers in autumn, 
t AU-TUM'Nl-TY, n. The season of autumn Hall. 
AUX-E'SIS, n. [Gr. In rhetoric, a figure by 

’ which any thing is magnified too much. 

AUX-ET'IG, a. Amplifying ; increasing. Hatch. 
AUX-ILTAR, or AUX-IL'I A-RY, a. [L. auxiZiam.] Help- 
ing ; aiding ; assisting ; subsidiary. 

AUX-IL'IA-RIES, n. pin. Foreign troops in the service of 
nations at war. 

AUX-IL'IA-RY,w. 1. A helper ; an assistant ; a confederate. 
— 2. In grammar, a verb which helps to form the modes 
and tenses of ether verbs ; as, have, be, may, can, do, 
must, shall, and will. 
t AUX-IL-Ia'TION, 71. Help. Diet. 
f AUX-ILTA-TO-RY, a. Assisting. Sir E. Sandys. 
A-VaIL', V. t. [Fr. valoir.'] 1. To profit one’s self; to turn 
to advantage ; followed by the pronouns myself, thyself, 
himself. Sec. 2. To assist or profit ; to elfect the object, 
or bring to a successful issue. 

A-VaIL', V. i. To be of use, or advantage ; to answer the 
purpose. 

A-VaIL', n. Profit ; advantage towards success ; benefit. 
A-Va 1L'A-BLE, a. 1. Profitable; advantageous; having 
efficacy. 2. Having sufficient power, force, or efficacy, 
for the object ; valid. 

A-VaIL'A-BLE-NESS, 71. 1. Power or efficacy, in pro- 
moting an end in view. 2. Competent power ; legal 
force ; validity. 

A-VaJL/A-BLY, adrj. Powerfully; profitably; advantage- 
ously ; validly ; efficaciously. 

A-VaIL' 1NG, ppr. Turning to profit; using to advantage 
or effect. 

A-Va 1L'MENT, 71. Profit ; efficacy ; successful issue. 
[Little used.] 

A-VaILS', n.plu. Profits or proceeds. It is used in Mew 
England for the proceeds of goods sold, or for rents, 
issues, or profits. 

AV-A-LANCHE', ) n. [Fr.] A snow-slip ; a vast body of 
AV-A-LANGE', j snow sliding down a mountain. 

•f A-VaLE', V. t. [Fr. avalcr.} To let fall; to depress. 
Spenser. 

t A-VALE', V. i. To sink. Spenser. 
j A-VANT', 71. The front of an army. See Van. 
A-VANT'-COU-RIER, n. [Fr.] One who is despatched 
before the rest, to notify their approach. 

* A-VANT^-GUARD, n. The van or advanced body of an 
army. 

A-VANT'U-RINE, n. A variety of quartz rock. 

A V'A-RICE, n. [L. avaritia.] An inordinate desire of gain- 
ing and possessing wealth ; covetousness. Shak. 
AV-A-RT"CrOUS, a. Covetous ; greedy of gain. 
AV-A-RI"CIOUS-LY, ado. Covetously ; with inordinate 
desire of gaining wealth. Ooldsmith. 
AV-A-RI'^CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being avaricious ; 

insatiable passion for property, 
t AV'A-ROUS, a. Covetous. Oower. 

A-VAST', excl, [Ger. basta.'\ In seamen’s language, cease ; 
stop ; stay. 

t A^VAUNCE'MENT, n. Advancement. Bale. 

A-VAUNT', excl, [W. ibant,'] Begone ; depart ; a word of 
contempt or abhorrence, 

7 A-VAUNT^ V. t. [li. avantare.l To boast. Abp. Cranmer. 
t A-VAUNT^, V, i. To come before ; to advance, Spenser. 
tA-VAUNT', > 

t A-VAUNT'ANCE, > 71. Boasting. Chaucer. 
tA-VAUNT^RY, > 

X'VE MA-RY, n. [from the first words of Gabriel’s saluta- 
tion to the Virgin Mary ; L. avc, hail.] A form of devo- 
tion in the Romish church. 


a'VE, n. [L. ave.] An address to the Virgin Mary ; an ab- 
breviation of the Ave Maria, or Ace Mary. 

I A-VEL^, V. t. [L. avello.'] To pull away. Brown. 

A V-E-Na'CEOUS, a. [L. avenaceus.'\ Belonging to, or 
partaking of the nature of oats. 

AV 'E-NAgE, 7j. [Fr.] A certain quantity of oats paid by a 
tenant to a landlord in lieu of rent or other duty. 

AV'EX-ER, or AV'EN-OR, n. [Norm. Fr.J In English 
feudal law, an officer of the king’s stable, whose.duty was 
to provide oats. 

A-VENGE^, (a-venj') v.t. [Tx. vevger.'] 1. To take satis- 
faction for an injury by punishing the injuring party. 2. 
To revenge. 3. In the passive form, this verb signifies to 
have or receive just satisfaction, by the punishment of the 
offender. 

fA-VENGE,rt. Revenge. Spenser. 

f A-VENGE'ANCE, n. Punishment. 

A-VENG'ED, (a-venjd') pp. Satisfied by the punishment of 
the offender ; vindicated ; punished. 

A-VENGE'MENT, n. Vengeance ; punishment ; the act of 
taking satisfaction for an injury, by inflicting pain or evil 
on the offender ; revenge. 

A-VENG'ER, 71. One who avenges or vindicates ; a vindi- 
cator ; a revenger. 

A-VENG'ER-Efc>fc?, n. A female avenger. Spender. 

A-VENG'ING, ppr. Executing vengeance ; taking satisfac- 
tion for an injury ; vindicating. 

AV'ENS, n. The herb bennet. Miller. 

AV^EN-TINE, a. Pertaining to Mans Aventinus. 

A-VEN^TURE, 77. [Fx. aventure.^ A mischance causing a 
person’s death without felony. 

AV'E-NUE, 71. [Fr.] 1. A passage ; a way or opening for 

entrance into a place. 2. An alley, or walk in a garden, 
planted with trees, and leading to a house, gate, wood, 
&c. 3. A wide street. 

A-VER', V. t. [Fr. averer.'] To affirm with confidence ; to 
declare in a positive manner. Prior. 

AV'ER-AGE, 7t. 1. In co7U77tcrce, a contribution to a general 
loss. When, for the safety of a ship in distress, any de- 
struction of property is incurred, either by cutting away 
the masts, throwing goods overboard, or other means, all 
persons who have goods on board, or property in the ship, 
contribute to the loss according to their average, that is, 
the goods of each on board. 2. A mean proportion, medial 
sum, or quantity, made out of unequal sums or quantities. 
3. A small duty payable by the shippers of goods to the 
master of the ship, over and above the freight, for his 
care of the goods. — 4. In England, the breaking up of 
cornfields, eddish, or roughings. — Upon, or on an aver- 
age, is taking the mean of unequal numbers or quanti- 
ties. 

AV'ER-AGE, a. Medial ; containing a mean proportion 
Price. Beddoes. 

AV'ER-AGE, 75. t. To find the mean of unequal sums or 
quantities ; to reduce to a medium. 

AV'ER-AGE, V. i. To form a mean or medial sum or quan- 
tity. 

AV'ER-AGED, pp. Reduced or formed into a mean propor- 
tion. Jefferson. 

AV'ER-A-GING, ppr. Forming a mean proportion out of 
unequal sums or quantities. 

A-VER'MENT, n. 1. Affirmation ; positive assertion ; the 
act of averring. 2. Verification ; establishment by evi- 
dence. — 3. In pleading, an offer of either party to justify 
or prove w’hat he alledges. 

A-VER'NAT, 71. A sort of grape. Ash. 

A-VER'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Avernus, a lake of Cam- 
pania, in Italy. 

AV'ER-PEN-NY, n. Money paid towards the king’s car- 
riages by land, instead of service by the beasts in kind. 
Burn. 

A-VER'RED, (a-verd') pp. Affirmed; laid with an aver- 
ment. 

A-VER'RING, ppr. Affirming ; declaring positively ; offer- 
ing to justify or verify. 

A- VER'RO-IST, 71. One of a sect of peripatetic philosophers, 
so denominated from Averroes. 

AV-ER-RUNC'ATE, v. t. [L. avcrrunco.~\ To root up ; to 
scrape or tear away by the roots. 

AV-ER-RUN-€a'TION, n. The act of tearing up or raking 
away by the roots. 

AV-ER-Sa'TION, 71. [L. aversor.] A turning from with 
disgust or dislike ; aversion ; hatred ; disinclination. It 
is nearly superseded by aversion. 

A-VERSE', (a-vers') a. 1. Disliking ; unwilling ; having 
a repugnance of mind. 2. Unfavorable ; indisposed ; 
malign. Dryden. This word and its derivatives ought to 
be followed by to, and never by from. 

A-VERSE'LY, (a-vers'ly) adv. VVith repugnance ; unwil- 
lingly. Brown. 

A-VERSE'NESS, (a-vers'nes) n. Opposition of mind ; dis- 
like ; unwillingness ; backwardness. 

A-VER'SION, 77. [Fr. a7;cmo77.] 1. Opposition or re 

pugnance of mind ; dislike ; disinclination ; reluctance ; 


♦ Synopsis, X, E, I, O, 0, 1^, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PR£Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


AV/H 


AVO 65 


liatred. 2. Opposition or contrariety of nature. 3. The 
cause of dislike. 

A-VERT', V. t. [L. avcrto.'] 1. To turn from ; to turn off 
or away. 2. To keep off, divert, or prevent. 3. To 
cause to dislike. Hooker, 

A-VERT', t;. i. To turn away. Thomson. 

A-VERT'ER, n. One that turns away ; that which turns 
away. 

A-VERT^ING, ppr. Turning from ; turning away. 
A'Vf-A-RY, ?<• [L. amermm.] A bird cage ; an inclosure 
for keeping birds confined. 

A-VID'1-OUS-LY, adv. Eagerly; with greediness. 
A-VID'I-TY, n. [L. aviditas.^ 1. (Jreediness ; strong ap- 
petite. 2. Eagerness ; intenseness of desire. 
AV-I-Ga'TO, or AV-0 -€a'D0, n. The Persea, or alligator- 
peaij 

•f- A-VjLE', V. t. [Fr. avilir,'\ To depreciate. Ben Jonson. 
f A-ViSE', or I A-VI'SO, n. [Fr. acii'.] Advice ; intelli- 
gence. 

f A-yiSE', V. i. To consider. Spenser. 

A-VTSE'MENT, ?/. Advisement. See Advice and Advise. 
I AV'l-TOUS, a. [L. aiJitas.] Ancient. 

■f A-VIZE', V. t. To counsel ; to consider. Spenser. 
AV-0-€a^D0, n. [Sp.l The name of a tree. See Avioato. 
I AV'O-GATE, V. t. [L. avoco.] To call olf, or away. 
Boyle. 

AV-O-Ga'TION, n. 1. The act of calling aside, or diverting 
from some employment. 2. The business which calls 
aside. The word is generally used for the smaller affairs 
of life, or occasional calls which summon a person to 
leave his ordinary or principal business. 'I'he use of this 
word for vocation is very improper, 
t A-Vo'€A-TIVE, a. Calling off. 

A-VOID', 17. t, [Fr. vuider^ or vidcr.] 1. To shun ; to keep 
at a distance from ; that is, literally., to go or be ^cide 
from. 2. To shift off, or clear off. 3. To quit ; to evac- 
uate ; to shun by leaving. 4. To escape. 5. 'J’o emit or 
throw out. G. To make void ; to annul or vacate. 
A-VOID', V. i. 1. To retire ; to withdraw. 2. To become 
void, vacant, or empty. 

A-VOID'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be avoided, left at a dis- 
tance, shunned, or escaped. 2. That may be vacated ; 
liable to be annulled. 

A-VOID'ANCE, 72. 1. The act of avoiding, or shunning. 2. 
the act of vacating, or the state of being vacant. 3. The 
act of annulling. 4. The course by which any thing is 
carried off. 

A-VOID'ED, pp. Shunned; evaded ; made void ; ejected. 
A-VOID'ER, 72. 1. One who avoids, shuns, or escapes. 2. 
The person who carries any thing away ; the vessel in 
which things are carried away. 

A-VOID'ING, ppr. Shunning ; escaping ; keeping at a dis- 
tance ; ejecting ; evacuating ; making void, or vacant. 
A-VOID'LESS, a. That cannot be avoided ; inevitable. 
Dryden. 

AV-OI R-DU-POIS', 72. [Ft. avoir du pouls.l A weight, of 
which a pound contains 16 ounces. Its proportion to a 
pound Troy, is as 17 to 14. This is the weight for the 
larger and coarser commodities, 
f A-V'OKE', V. t. [L. avoco.'] To call back. Cochcram. 
AV-O-La'TION, 72. [L. avolo.] The act of flying away ; 
flight ; escape. [Little used.] 

AV'O-SET, ) 72. In ornithology., a species of fowls, ar- 
AV-O-SET'TA, I ranged under the germs recurvirostra. 
A- VOUCH/, V. t. [Norm, voucher.] 1. To affirm ; to de- 
clare or assert with positiveness. 2. To produce or call 
in ; to affirm in favor of, maintain or support. 3. 'I’o 
maintain, vindicate, or justify. Shak. 

A-VOUCU/, 72. Evidence ; testimony ; declaration. Shak. 
[lAttle used.'] 

A-VOUCIl'A-BLE, a. That may be avouched. [Little xised.] 
A-VOUCIPED, (a-voucht') pp. Affirmed ; maintained ; 

called in to support. 

A-VOUCIPER, 72. One who avouches. 

A-VOUCH'ING, ppr. Affirming; calling in to maintain; 
vindicating. 

A-VOUCH'MENT, ti. Declaration; the act of avouching 
Shak. 

A-V’^OW/, V. t. [Fr. avouer.] To declare openly ; to own, 
acknowledge, or confess frankly, 
t A-VOW', 72. A VOW' or determination. Gower. 
A-VOW'A-BLE, a. That may be avow'ed, or openly ac- 
knowledged with confidence. Donne. 

A-VOW'AL, 72. An open declaration ; frank acknowledg- 
ment. Hume. 

A-VOW/ANT, 72. The defendant in replevin, who avows 
the distress of the goods, and justifies the taking. Cowel. 
A-VOW'ED, (a-vowd/) pp. Openly declared ; owmed ; 
frankly acknowledged. 

A-VOVV/ED-LY, ado. In an open manner; wfith frank 
acknowledgment. 

* A-VOVV'EE, 72. Sometimes used for advowee, the person 
who has a right to present to a benefice, the patron. 
Cowel. See Advowson. 


A-VOW/ER, 72. One who avows, owns, or asserts. 

A-VOW'ING, ppr. Openly declaring ; frankly acknowledg- 
ing ; justifying. 

A-VOVV'RY, 72. In law, the act of the distrainer of goofis, 
wdio, in an action of replevin, avows and justifies the 
taking ; the act of maintaining the right to distrain, by 
the distrainer, or defendant in replevin. Blackstone. 

fA-VOVV/gAL, 72. A confession. Diet. 

A-VOW*TRY. See Advowtry. 

A-VULS'ED, a. Plucked or pulled off. Shenstone. 

A-VUL/SION, 72. [L. avnlsio.] A pulling or tearing asun- 
der ; a rending or violent separation. 

A-Wa1T/, V. t. Literally, to remain, hold, or stay. ]. To 
W'ait for ; to look for, or expect. 2. To be in store for ; 
to attend ; to be ready for. 

A-Wa 1T/, 72. Ambush ; in a state of wmiting for. Spenser. 

A-WaIT'ING, ppr. Waiting for ; looking for ; ex}7ecting ; 
being ready or in store for. 

A-WaKE/, V. t. ; pret. awoke, aicaked ; pp. awaked. [Sax. 
gewcccan, wacian, or wecean.] 1. To rouse from sleep. 

2. To excite from a state resembling sleep, as from death, 
or inaction ; to put into action, or new life. 

A-WaKE/, V. i. 1. To cease to sleep ; to come from a state of 
natural sleep. 2. To liestir, revive, or rouse from a state 
of inaction ; to be invigorated w'ith new life. 3. To rouse 
from spiritual sleep. 4. To rise from the dead. Job, xiv'. 

A-WaKE', a. Not sleeping ; in a state of vigilance or 
action. 

A-Wa'KEN, (a-wa'kn) v. t. and v. i. The same w’itli 
awake. 

A-Wa'KENED, pp. Roused from sleep, in a natural or 
moral sense. 

A-Wa'KEN-ER, 72. He or that wdiich aw'akens. 

A-Wa/REN-ING, 72. A revival of religion, or more general 
attention to religion than usujd. 

A-WARD/, v.t. [gcot. 7Cfl7v/c.] To adjudge; to give by 
sentence or judicial determination ; to assign by sentence. 

A-WARD', V. i. To judge ; to determine ; to make an 
award. 

A-WARD', 72. The judgment, or determination of arbitra- 
tors ; judgment; sentence. 

A-WARD/ED, pp. Adjudged, or given by judicial sentence, 
or by the decision of arbitrators. 

A-WARD'ER, 72. One that awards, or assigns by sentence 
or judicial determination ; a judge. 

A-WARD/TNG, ppr. Adjudging ; assigning by judicial sen- 
tence ; determining. 

A-WaRE', a. [Sax. Watchful ; vigilant ; guard- 

ed ; but more strictly, in modern usage, apprised ; expect- 
ing an event from information, or probability. 

A-WaRE', V. i. To beware ; to be cautious. Jtlilton. 

A-WARN', V. t. To warn, which see. Spenser. 

A-WAT'CHA, 72. A bird of Kamtchatka. 

A-WaY', adv. [iinx. atveg.] 1. Absent; at a distance. 2. 
It is much used with words signifying moving, or going 
from ; as, go away, send away, run away, &c. 3. As an 

exclamation, it is a command or invitation to depart ; 
away, that is, be gone, or let us go. “ Away wMth him,” 
take him away. 4. Away with has a peculiar signification 
in the phrase, “I cannot with it.” Isa. \. The 

sense is, “ I cannot bear, or endure it.” 

f A-WaY'WARD, adv. [Sax. aweg wcard.] Turned aside. 
Gower. 

AWE, (aw) 72. [Dan. ave ] I. Fear mingled with admira- 
tion or reverence ; reverential fear. 2. Fear ; dread in- 
spired by something great or terrific. 

AWE, V. t. To strike with fear and reverence ; to influence 
by fear, terror, or respect. 

A-WkA'RY, a. Weary, W'hich see. Shak. 

A-WEATH'ER, adv. On the w^eather-side, or tow'ards the 
wind ; as, the helm is aweather / opposed to alee. Mar. 
Diet. 

AWE'BAND, 72. A check. Diet. 

AWE'-GOM-MAND'ING, a. Striking with aw^e. 

AW'ED, (awd) pp. Struck wuth fear ; influenced by fear or 
reverence. 

A-WEIG IF, (a-wu') adv. Atrip. The anchor is aweigh , Avhen 
it is just drawn out of the ground, and hangs perpendicular. 

AWE/-lN-SPlR'ING, a. Impressing w'ith awe. Bp. Hobart. 

AWE/-STRUGK, a. Impressed or struck w'ith awe. 

AW'FUL, a. 1. That strikes with awe ; that fills with 
profound reverence. 2. That fills with terror and dread. 

3. Struck with awe ; scrupulous. 

f AW^FUL-EYED, a. Having eyes exciting aw^e. 

aVV/FUL-LY, adv. In a manner to fill with awe ; in a rev- 
erential manner. 

AW/FUI^NESS, 72. 1. The quality of striking with aw^e, 
or with reverence; solemnity. 2. Tlie state of being 
struck with aw'^e. 

I A-WHAPE', (a-whap/) v. t. [W. ewapiaw.] To strike ; to 
confound. Spenser. 

t A-WHEELS', adv. On wdieels. Ben .Tonson. 

A-WHIIiE/, adv. A space of time ; for some time ; for a 
short time. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 

5 


AZl 


66 


BAB 


I A-WHIT', adv A jot ; a tittle. Bp. Hall. 

AVVK, a. 1. Odd ; out of order. L^Estrange. 2. Clumsy 
** in performance, or mannei*s j unhandy *, not dextrous. 

[ Vulgar.'] 

AWK'WARD, a. 1. Wanting dexterity in the use of the 
’hands or 'of instruments; unready; not dextrous; bun- 
glhig ; untoward. Dryden. 2. Inelegant ; unpolite ; un- 
graceful in manners ; clumsy ; unnatural ; bad. Shak. 
AVV^K'VVARD-LY, ado. Clumsily; in a rude or bungling 
’* manner ; inelegantly ; badly. 

AW^K'VVARD-Nii^S, n. Clumsiness ; ungracefulness in 
manners ; want of dexterity in the use of the hands or 
instruments. 

AWL, n. [feax. ccl ; Ger. ahl.] An iron instrument for 
’’ piercing small holes in leather. 

AVV''LEi?S, a. 1. Wanting reverence ; void of respectful fear. 

2. VV'anting the power of causing reverence ; not exciting 
awe. 

AWL'WORT, n. The popular name of the subularia aquat- 
ica, or rough-leaved alyssum. 

AWM, or ACM, n. [D. aam ; G. ahm.] A Dutch liquid 
measure, equal to the English tierce. 

AWN, n. [Sw. ague.] The beard of com, or grass, as it is 
usually understood. But, technically^ a slender, sharp 
process, issuing from the chaff or glume in corn and 
grasses. 

AWN'ING, 71 . [Goth. AaZ^a?i.] I. A cover of canvas, usu- 
’ ally a sail or tarpauling, spread over a boat or ship’s deck, 
to shelter from the sun’s rays the officers and crew, and 
preserve the decks. 2. That part of the poop deck which 
is continued forward beyond the bulk-head of the cabin. 
Mar. Diet. 

AWN'LESS, a. Without awn or beard. 

AWN'Y, a. Having awns ; full of beard. 

A-WoKE'. The preterit of awake. 

f A-W6RK', ado. [Sax. geweorcan.] At work ; in a state of 
labor or action. iShak. 

A-W6RKTNG, ado. At work ; into a state of working or 
action. Hubbard^s Tale. 

A-WRY', (a-ri') a. or adv. [Dan. vrider.] 1. Turned or 
twisted towards one side ; not in a straight or true direc- 
tion, or position; asquint; with oblique vision. — 2. In a 
figurative sense, turned aside from the line of tmth, or 
right reason ; perverse or perversely. Milton. 

AXE, ) n. [improperly written aze. fcfax. eex, eo,x,(Bse.] An 
AX, ^ instrument, usually of iron, for hewing timber, 

and chopping wood. 

AX-A-YA'GAT, n. A fiy in Mexico. 

AXE'STONE, ).n. A mineral, a subspecies of jade, less 
AX'STONE, ) hard thaii nephrite. 

AX 'HE AD, n. The head of the axe. 

AX'I-FORM, a. [L. axis ViXui forma.] In the form of an 
axis. Encyc. 

AX'IL, 71. (L. axilla.] 1. The armpit ; a cavity under the 
upper part of the arm or shoulder. — 2. In botany, the 
space or angle formed by a branch with the stem, or by a 
leaf with the stem or branch. 

AX'IL-LAR, i a. Pertaining to the armpit, or to the axil 
AX'IL-LA-RY, i of plants. .Axillary leaves are those 
which proceed from the angle formed by the stem and 
branch. 

AX'I-NITE, 71. A mineral. 

AX-I-NOM'AN-CY, n. [Gr. a^ivt] and pavreia.] Among 
the ancients, a species of divination, by means of an axe or 
hatchet. 

AX'IOM, 71. [Gr. a|iO)/ia.] 1. A self-evident truth, or a 
proposition wliose truth is so evident at first sight, that no 
process of reasoning or demonstration can make it plainer. 
2. An established principle in some art or science. 
AX-[0-MAT'I€, I a. Pertaining to an axiom ; having 
AX-IO-MAT'I-€AL, | the nature of self-evident truths. 
AX'IS, 71. ; pin. Axns. [L.] 1. The straight line, real or 
imaginary, passing through a body, on which it revolves, 
or may revolve. — 2. In geometry, a straight line in a plain 
figure, about which it revolves to produce a solid. 

AX'LE, (ak'sl) \ n. [Sax. wx, and tree.] Apiece 

AX'LE-TREE, (ak'sl-tre) ^ of timber, or bar of iron, fitted 
for insertion in the hobs or naves of wheels, on which the 
wheels turn. 

AX'O-LOTE, n. A water lizard found in the Mexican 
lake. 

AYj 1 ado. [G. D. Dan. Gw. ja, pron. ya ; Fr. oni.] Yes, 
AYE, \ yea, a word expressing assent, or an affirmative 
answer to a question. 

AYE, adv. [Sax. aa, a, or aioa.] Always ; forever ; con- 
tinually ; for an indefinite time ; used in poetry. 
fAY'-GREEN, n. Houseleek. Diet. 

AYLE, n. In law, a grandfather. 

A'Y-RY. See Aerie. 

AZ'A-ROLE, n. [Fr.] A species of thorn. 

AZ'E-RIT, AZ-E-RI'TA, or AZ-E-RI'RA, n. A species 
of plum, or prMTiiis. Earn, of Plajits. 

AZ'I-MUTH, n. ]. In astroiiomy, an arch of the horizon 
intercepted between the meridian of the place and the 


azimuth, or vertical circle, passing through the centre of 
the object. — 2. Magnetical azimuth, an arch of the horL 
zon, intercepted between the azimuth, or vertical circle, 
piissing through the centre of any heavenly body, and the 
magnetic meridian. — II. Azimuth compass, an instrument 
for finding either the magnetic azimuth or amplitude of 
a heavenly object. — 4. Azimuth dial, a dial whose stile or 
gnomon is at right angles to the plane of the horizon. — 5. 
Azimuths, or vertical circles, are great circles intersecting 
each other in the zenith and nadir, and cutting the hori- 
zon at right angles. 

A-ZoTE', n. [Gr. a and or ^wrocoj.] A species of gas, 
called also mephitic air, and atmospheric mephitis, on ac- 
count of its fatal effects upon animal life. 

I AZ'OTH, n. 1. Among alchimists, the first principle of 
metals ; the mercury of metals ; a universal medicine. 
Ash. 2. The liquor of sublimated quicksilver ; brass, 

A-ZOT'IC, a. Pertaining to azote ; fatal to animal life. 

AZ'0-TiTE, 71. A salt formed by a combination of the prot- 
oxyd of azote, or nitrous oxyd, with an alkali. 

* AZ'URE, (azh'-ur) a. [Fr. azur ; l?p. azul, or azur ; It. 
azzim-o.] Of a sky-blue ; resembling the clear blue color of 
the sky. 

AZ'URE, (azli'-ur) n. 1. The fine blue color of the sky. 
2. The sky, or azure vault of heaven. — 3. In heraldry, a 
blue color in coats of all pei-sons under the degree of bmon. 

tToiics 

AZ'URE, V. t. To color blue. 

AZ'URED, (azh'-ured) a. Colored azure ; being of an azure 
color. Sidney. 

AZ' UR^'i^^^^’ I name of the lazulite. 

AZ'URN, (azh'-um) a. Ofa blue color. Milton. {^Little used.] 

I AZ'YME, n. Unleavened bread. 

AZ'Y-MiTE, 71. In church history, Azijmites are Christians 
who administer the eucharist with unleavened bread. 

AZ'Y-MOUS, a. [Gr. a and ^vprj.] Unleavened ; unfer- 
mented ; as sea-biscuit. ■ 



B is the second letter, and the first articulation, or conso- 
nant, in the English, as in the Hebrew, Greek, Latin, 
and most other alphabets. It is a mute and a labial, be- 
ing formed by pressing the whole length of the lips to- 
gether, as in pronouncing eh. The Greek B is always pro- 
nounced like the English V, and the Russian B corre- 
sponds with the Greek. 

BAA, (ba) 7?. The cry or appropriate bleating of sheep. 

BAA, V. i. To cry or bleat as sheep. 

BA'AL, 71. An idol among the ancient Chaldeans and Syri- 
ans, representing the sun. 

BAB'BLE, V. i. [D. babbelen.] 1. To utter words imper- 
fectly or indistinctly, as children. 2. 7’o talk idly or irra- 
tionally ; to talk thoughtlessly. 3. To talk much ; to 
prate ; hence, to tell secrets. Shak. 4. To utter sounds 
frequently, incessantly, or indistinctly. 

BAB'BLE, V. t. To prate ; to utter. '' 

BAB'BLE, n. Idle talk ; senseless prattle. Shak. 
BAB'BLE-MENT, 73. Idle talk ; senseless prate ; unmean- 
ing words. Milton. 

BAB BLER, 73. An idle talker; an irrational prattler; a 
teller of secrets. 

BAB'BLING, ppr. 1. Talking idly ; telling secrets. 2. 
Uttering a succession of murmuring sounds. 3. In Jmnt- 
ing, babbling is when the hounds are too busy after they 
have found a good scent. 

BAB'BLING, 73. Foolish talk. 1 Tim. vi. 

BABE, 73. [Ger. bube Ir. baban.] An infant; a young 
child of either sex. 

BA'BEL, 73. [Heb.] Confusion ; disorder. 

Ba'BE-RY, 73. Finery to please a child. Sidney. 

Ba'BISH, a. Like a babe ; childish. Ascham. 

BA'BTSH-LY, adv. Childishly. 

BAB-OON', 73. [Fr. habotdn.] A monkey of the largest spe- 
cies. 

BA'BY, a. Like a young child ; pertaininsr to an infant. 
Ba'BY, 73. 1. An infant or young child ot either sex ; a babe ; 
[335cd in fazniliar language.] 2. A small image in form 
of an infant, for girls to play with ; a doll. 

Ba'BY, / y. t. To treat like a young child. Young. 
BA'BY-HOOD, 73. The state of being a baby. Ash. 
BA'BY-HOUSE, 73. A place for children’s dolls and babies. 
Ba'BY-ISH, a. Childish. Bale. 

BAB-Y-Ld'i\T-AN, or BAB-Y-LO'NISH, a. 1. Pertaining 
to Babylon. 2. Like the language of Babel ; mixed ; con- 
fused. 

BAB-Y-Ld'NT-AN, n. An inhabitant of Babylonia. — In ati- 
cient writers, an astrologer. 


* Sec Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


BAC 


67 


BAD 


BAS-Y-LON'IC, ) a. 1. Pertaining to Babylon, or made 

BAB-Y-LON'I-€AL, | there. 2. Tumultuous ; disorderly. 

BAB-Y-LON'I€S, ?i. pZu. The title of a fragment of the his- 
tory of the world, composed by Berosus, a priest of Baby- 
lon. 

BAB-Y-R(5US’SA, u. In zoology-^ the Indian liog, a native 
of Celebes and of Buero. 

t BA*BY-SHIP, n. Infancy; childhood. 

BA€, or BACK, n. [D. bak^ a bowl or cistern.] 1. In navi- 
gation, a ferry-boat or praam. — 2. In brewing, a large flat 
tub, or vessel, in which wort Ls cooled belbre boiling ; 
hence called a cooler. — 3. In distilleries, a vessel into 
which the liquor to be fermented is pumped, from the 
cooler, in order to be worked with the yeast. 

BAG'GA, n. [L.J In botany, a berry. 

BAG-GA-LAu'JlE-ATE, n. The degree of bachelor of 
arts. 

BAG'GA-TED, a. [L. baccatus.] Set or adorned with 
pearls ; having many berries. [Little used.] 

BAOGHA-NAL, or BAG-GHA-Na'LI-AN, n. [from Bac- 
chus, Gr. Buk^os.] One who indulges in drunken revels ; 
a drunkard. 

BAG'GHA-NAL, ) a Reveling in intemperate drink- 

BAG-GHA-Na'LI-AN, 1 ing ; riotous ; noisy. 

BAG-GH A-Na'LI- \N, a. Pertaining to reveling and drunk- 
enness. 


BAG'GHA-NALS, n. plu. Drunken feasts ; the revels of 
bacchanalians. — In antiquity, feasts in honor of Bacchus. 

B/G'GHANTE 1 lives like Bacchus. 

BAG'GHI-GAL, or BAG'GHIG, a. 1. Jovial ; drunken ; 
mad with intoxication. 2. Relating to Bacchus, the god 
of wine. 

BAG'Gfll-US, 71. In ancient poetry, a foot composed of a 
short syllable and two long ones. 

BAG'CHUS-BOLE, n. A flower. Mortimer. 

BAG-CIF^ER-OUS, a. {^L. baccifer.] That produces berries. 

BAG-CIV'OR-OGS, a. [L. bacca and voro.] Eating or sub- 
sisting on berries. 

BAGH'E-LOR, ??. [Ft, bachelier ; Sp. bachiller.] 1. A man 
who has not been married. 2. A person who has taken 
the first degree in the liberal arts and sciences. 3. A 
knight of the lowest order, or, more correctly, a young 
knight, styled a knight bachelor. 

BACH'E-LOR-SIIIP, 71. 1. The state of being a bachelor. 

2. The state of one who has taken his first degree in a 
college or university. 

BACK, n. [Sax. bac, bxc.] 1. The upper part of an animal, 
particularly of a quadruped, whose back is a ridge. — In 
human beings, the hinder part of the body. 2. The out- 
ward or convex part of the hand, opposed to the inner, 
concave part, or palm. " 3. As the back of man is the part 
on the side opposite to the face, hence, the part opposed 
to the front ; as, the back of a book. 4. The part opposite 
to or most remote from that which fronts the speaker or 
actor. 5. As the back is the strongest part of an animal, 
and as the back is behind in motion, hence, the thick and 
strong part of a cutting tool ; as, the hack of a knife. 6. 
The place behind or nearest the back. — 7. turn the 
hack on one, is to forsake him. 8. I'o turn the back to one, 
to acknowledge to be superior. 9. To tui'n the back, is to 
depart, or to leave the care or cognizance of ; to remove, 
or be absent. 10. Behind the back, is in secret, or when 
one is absent. 11. To cast behind the back, in fc:cripture, 
is to forget and forgive, or to treat with contempt. 12. To 
plow the back, is to oppress and persecute. 13. To bow 
the backy-iB to submit to oppression. 

BAGK, adv. 1. To the place from which one came. 2. In 
a figurative sense, to a former state, condition, or station. 

3. Behind; not advancing ; not coming or bringing for- 
ward ; as, to keep hack a part. 4. 'Towards times or 
things past. 5. Again ; in return. 6. To go or come back, 
is to return, either to a former place or state. 7. To go 
or give back, is to retreat, to recede. 

BAGK, V. t. 1. To mount ; to get upon the back ; some- 
times, perhaps, to place upon the back. 2. To support ; 
to maintain ; to second or strengthen by aid. 3. To put 
backward ; to cause to retreat or recede. 4. I'o back a 
7carr(n\t, is for a justice of the peace in the county where 
the warrant is to be executed, to sign or indorse a war- 
rant, issued in another county, to apprehend an offender. 

BAGK, V. i. To move or go back ; as, the horse refuses to 
back. 


BAGK'BITE, v. t. To censure, slander, reproach, or speak 
evil of the absent. 

BAGK'Bi-TER, n. One who slanders, calumniates, or 
speaks ill of the absent. 

BAGK'BT-TING, n. The act of slandering the absent ; se- 
cret calumny. 2 Cor. xii. 

BAGK’BI-TING-LY, adv. With secret slander. Barret. 

BAGK'BoARD, 71. A board placed across the after part of a 
boat. 

BAGK BONE, n The be ne of the back ; or the spine. 

BAGK GAR-RY, n. A having on the back. 


BAGK DOOR, ?i. A door on the back part of a building , a 
private passage ; an indirect way. 

BAGK'ED, (bakt) pp. Mounted ; having on the back ; sup- 
ported by aid ; seconded ; moved backward. 

BAGK'ED, a. Having a back ; a word used in composi- 
tion. 

BAGK'END, n. The latter part of the year. jVorth of Eng- 
land. 

BAGK'FRIEND, (bak'frend) n. A secret enemy. South. 

BAGK-GAM'MON, n. [W. bac and caminaun,] A game 
played by two persons, upon a table, with box and dice. 

BAGK'GROUND, n. 1. Ground in the rear, or behind, as 
opposed to the front. 2. A place of obscurity, or shade ; 
a situation little seen or noticed. 

BAGK'HAND-ED, a. With the hand turned backward. 

BAGK'HAND-ED, adv. With the hand directed backward. 

BAGK'HOUSE, n. A building behind the main or front 
building. 

BAGK'ING, ppr. Mounting; moving back, as ahorse ; sec- 
onding. 

BAGK'PAINT-ING, n. The metliod of painting mezzotinto 
prints, pasted on glass of a size to fit the print. 

BAGKTIECE, n. The piece of armor which covers the 
bsek 

BAGK'RE-TURN, n. Repeated return. Shak. 

BAGK'ROOM, n. A room behind the front room, or in the 
back part of the house. 

BAGKS, n. Among dealers in leather, the thickest and 
best tanned hides. 

BAGK'SET, a. Set upon in the rear. 

BAGK'SIDE, 71. 1. The back part of any thing ; the part 
behind that which is presented to the face of a spectator. 
2. The hind part of an animal. 3. The yard, ground, or 
place behind a house. 

* BAGK-SLiDE', v. i. To fall off ; to apostatize ; to turn 
gradually from the faith and practice of Christianity. 

*BAGK-SLiD'ER, n. 1. An apostate ; one who falls from 
the faith and practice of religion. 2. One who neglects 
his vows of obedience, and falls into sin. 

*BAGK-SLlD'ING, 71. The act of apostatizing from faith or 
practice ; a falling insensibly from religion into sin or 
idolatry. .Ter. v. 6. 

BAGK'STAFF, 77. A quadrant; an instrument for taking 
the sun’s altitude at sea ; called also, from its inventor, 
Davises q7iadrant. 

BAGK'STAIRS, n. Stairs in the back part of a house ; pri- 
vate stairs ; and, figuratively, a private, or indirect way 

BAGK'STAYS, 71. Long ropes or stays extending from the 
topmast lieads to both sides of a ship, to assist the slirouds 
in supporting the mast. 

BAGK'STONE, n. The heated stone, or iron, on which 
oat-cake is baked. J\i''o7-th of England. 

Bx^GK'SWoRD, n. A sword with one sharp edge. — In 
E7igland, a stick with a basket handle, used in rustic 
amusements. 

BACK' WARD, or BAGK'WARDS, adv. 1. With the back 
in advance. 2. Toward the back. 3. On the back, or 
with the back downwards. 4. Toward past times or 
events. 5. By way of reflection ; reliexively . 6. From 

a better to a worse state. 7. In time past. 8. Perverse- 
ly ; from a wrong end. 9. Towards the beginning ; in an 
order contrary to the natural order. 10. Contrarily ; in a 
contrary^ manner. 

BAGK'IVARD, < 7 . 1. Unwilling ; averse ; reluctant ; hesi- 
tating. 2. Slow ; sluggish ; dilatory. 3. Dull ; not quick 
of apprehension ; behind in progress. 4. Late ; behind 
in time ; coming after something else, or after the usual 
time. 

BACK' WARD, v. t. To keep back ; to hinder. 

t BAGK'WARD, n. The things or state behind or past. 

BAGK'WARD-LY, adv. Unwillingly ; reluctantly ; averse- 
ly ; perversely. 

BAG1UWARD-NES85, n. 1. Unwillingness; reluctance; 
dilatoriness, or dullness in action. 2. A state of being 
behind in progress; slowness ; tardiness. 

BAGK-VVTIODS'MAN, 77 . (U.sed mostly in the plural.) A 
term applied to the people who inhabit the newly-settled 
territory west of the Alleghany mountains. 

BAGK'WoRM, 77 . A small worm, in a thin skin, in the 
reins of a hawk. 

BAGK'WOUND, v. t. To wound behind the back. Shak. 

BA'GON, (bii'kn) n. [W. haccun.] Hog’s flesh, salted, or 
pickled and dried, usually in smoke. — To save one^s ba- 
con, is to preserve one’s self from harm. 

BAG'ULE, 77 . [Fr. basetde.] In fortification, a kind of port- 
cullis or gate, made like a pit-fall. 

BAG'U-LITE, 77. [L. baculus.] A genus of fossil shells. 

BAG-U-LOM'E-TRY, 77 . [L. bacxdus, and Gr. perpov.] The 
act of measuring distance or altitude by a staff or staves. 

BAD, a. Ill ; evil ; opposed to good ; a word of general 
use, denoting physical defects and moral faults in men 
and things ; whatever is injurious, hurtful, inconvenient, 
unlawful, or immoral ; whatever is offensive, painful, or 
unfavorable ; or what is defective. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE ;— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


BAl 


G8 


BAL 


r.AD, BADE. The past tense of 5wZ. Bid. 

BAIX^E, n. 1. A mark, sign, token, or thing, by which a 
person is distinguished. 2. The mark or token of any 
thing. 3. An ornament on siiips, near the stern, deco- 
rated with tigures. 

BAD(tE, V. t. To mark, or distinguish with a badge. 

BADOfE'LESS, a. Having no badge. Bp. Hall. 

BADCr'ER, n. In Z«?c, a person who is licensed to buy corn 
in one place and sell it in anotlier, without incurring the 
penalties of engrossing. 

BAD6'ER,7i. a quadruped of the genus ursus. — The Amer- 
ican badger is called the ground hog. 

BADG'ER, V. t. To confound. 

BADG'ER-LEGGED, a. Having legs like a badger. 

BAD-1-a'GA, n. A small spunge in Russia. 

BAD I-ANE, or BAN'Dl-AN, n. The seed of a tree in 
China, which smells like anise seeds. 

BAD-I-GK ON, n. A mixture of plaster and free stone, 
ground together and sifted. 

AD IN-AGE, i «. [Fr.l Light or playful discourse. Ckes~ 

.>A-DIN'E-RIE, \ Ur field. 

BAD'LY, adv. In a bad manner ; not well ; unskilfully ; 
grievously *, unfortunately ; imperfectly. 

BAD NESS, n. The state of being bad, evil ; vicious or de- 
praved -, want of good qualities. 

BAF'EE-TAS, BAI'TAS, or BAS TAS, n. An India cloth, 
or plain muslin. That of Surat is said to be the best. 

BAF'FLE, V. t. [Fr. befier.'] To mock or elude by artifice j 
to elude by shifts and turns 5 hence, to defeat or con- 
found. 

BAF'FLE, V. i. To practice deceit. Barrow. 

BAF'FLE, n. A defeat by artifice, shifts and turns. 

BAF'FLED, 73^3. Eluded defeated; confounded. 

BAF'FLER, n. One that baffles. 

BAF'FLING, ppr. Eluding by shifts and turns, or by strat- 
agem ; defeating ; confounding. 

BAG, n. [Norm, bage.] 1. A sack ; a pouch, usually of 
cloth or leather, used to hold, preserve, or convey corn 
and otlier commodities. 2. A sack in animal bodies 
containing some fluid, or other substance. 3. Formerly^ 
a sort of silken purse tied to the hair. 4. In commerce^ a 
certain quantity of a commodity, such as it is customary 
to carry to market in a sack ; as a ba^ of pepper. 

BAG, V. t. 1. To put into a bag. 2. To load with bags. 

B.\G, V. i. To swell like a full bag, as sails when filled with 
wind. 

BAG-A-TELLE', (bag-a tel') n. [Fr.] A trifle ; a thing of 
no importance. 

BAG'GAGE, n. [Fr. bagage.'] 1. The tents, clothing, uten- 
sils, and other necessaries of an army. 2. The clothing 
and other conveniences, which a traveler carries with 
liim on a journey. [The English now call this laggage.] 

BAG 'GAGE, 71. [Fr. bagasse.] A low, worthless woman : a 
strumpet. 

BAG'GING, ppr. Bwelling ; becoming protuberant. 

BAG'GING, n. The cloth or materials for bags. (/. States. 
Edwards^ TV. Indies. 

BAGN'fO, (ban'yoj) ?i. \fit.bagnoj Sp. bano.] 1. A bath; 
a house for batning, cupping, sweating, and otherwise 
cleansing the body. 2. A brothel. 

BAG'BtPE, 71. A musical wind instrument, used chiefly 
in Scotland and Ireland. It consists of a leathern bag, 
which receives the air by a tube, which is stopped by a 
valve ; and pipes, into which the air is pressed by the per- 
former. 

BAG'Pi-PER, ??. One who plays on a bag-pipe. 

BAG'RE, 71. A small bearded fish, a species of .‘uZMrM5. 

BAG'REEF, n. A fourth and lower reef used in the British 


navy. 

BA-GUET', (ba-get') tj. [Fr. baguette.] In architcchire, a 
little round molding, less than an astragal. 

B AR'\n^*^ \ used in the East Indies. Encyc. 

fBAlGNE, f. [Fr. baigner.] To soak or drench. 

i»A I'K A L-iTE, 71 . A mineral. 

BAIL, V. t. [Fr. and Norm, boiller.] 1. To set free, deliver, 
or liberate, from arrest and imprisonment. 2. To deliv- 
er goods in trust, upon a contract. 3. To free from wa- 
ter, as to bail a boat. This word is improperly written bale. 

BAIL, 71. 1. The person or persons who procure the release 
of a prisoner from custody, by becoming surety for his 
appearance in court. 2. The security given for the release 
of a prisoner from custody. 3. The handle of a kettle or 
other vessel. 4. In England^ a certain limit witliin a for- 
est. 


BaII.'A-BLE, a. 1. Tliat may be set free upon bond witli 
sureties ; that may be admitted to bail. 2. That admits 
of bail. 

BAIL-BOND, 71. A bond or obligation given by a prisoner 
and his surety. 

BAILED, pp. ]. Released from custody on bonds for ap- 
pearance in court. 2. Delivered in trust, to be carried 
nnd deposited, re-delivered, or otherwise accounted for. 
3. Freed from water, as a boat. 


BAT'IiEE, n. The person to whom goods are committed in 
trust. 

BAIL'ER, or BAIL'OR, 7 i. One w'ho delivers goods to an- 
other in trust. 

BAIL'IFF, ) 71. [Fr. baillif.] In EnglaTid, an officer ap- 

BAIL'IF, I pointed by the sheritf, who is the king’s bailifl’. 

BaIL'I-VVICK, 71. [Fcot. bailli, and Sax. tcic.] The precincts 
in w’hich a bailiff has jurisdiction ; the limits of a baililf’s 
authority. 

BAIL'MENT, n. A delivery of goods in trust, upon a con- 
tract. 

BAIL'PIECE, 71. A slip of parchment, or paper, containing 
a recognizance of bail above^ or bail to the action. 

I BAIL'Y, 71. The office or jurisdiction of a bailiff. Wickliff. 

fBAlN, 71. [Fr. Z>at3?.] A bath. Hakewill. 

t BANE, V. t. To bathe. Tuberville. 

iSAIRN, or BARN, 71 . [Sax. beam j Scot.Jaini.] A child. 
Little used in E7iglish. 

BAIT, 71. [Sax. batan.] 1. Any substance for food, used to 
catch fish, or other animals. 2. A portion of food and 
drink, or a refresliment taken on a journey. 3. An allure- 
ment ; enticement ; temptation. 

BAIT, V. t. 1. To put meat on a hook or line, or in an in- 
closure, or among snares, to allure fish, fowls and other 
animals into human power. 2. To give a portion of food 
and drink to man or beast upon the road. 

BAIT, V. i. To take a portion of food and drink for refresh- 
ment on a journey. 

BAIT, V. t. [Goth, beitan.] 1. To provoke and harass 
by dogs ; to harass by the help of others. 2. To attack 
with violence ; to harass in the manner of small ani- 
mals. 

BAIT, V. i. To clap the wings ; to flutter as if to fly ; or to 
hover. 

BAIT, 71. White bait, a small fish of the Thames. 

BaIT'ED, pp. 1. Furnished with bait ; allured ; tempted. 
2. Fed, or refreshed, on the road. 3. Harassed by dogs 
or other small animals ; attacked. 

BaIT'ING, P 2 ^r. L Furnishing with bait ; tempting ; allur- 
ing. 2. Feeding ; refreshing at an inn. 3. Harassing 
with dogs ; attacking. 

BAIZE, 71. [Sp. bausan.] A coarse, woolen stuff, with a 
long nap. 

BAKE, V. t. [Sax. baca7i.] 1. To heat, dry, and harden, as 
in an oven or furnace, or under coals of hre ; to dress and 
prepare for food, in a close place ; heated. 2. To dry and 
harden by heat, either in an oven, kiln, or furnace, or by 
the solar rays. 

BAKE, V. i. 1. To do the work of baking. 2. To be baked ; 
to dry and harden in heat. 

BAKED, pp. Dried and hardened by heat ; dressed in 
heat. 

BAKE'IIOUSE, 71. A house or building for baking. 

BaKE'MEATS, 71. Meats prepared for food in an oven. 

BAK'EN, (ba'kn) pp. The same as baked, and nearly obso- 
lete. 

BAK'ER, n. One wffiose occupation is to bake bread, bis- 
cuit, &L.C. 

BAK'ER-FOOT, 71 . An ill-shaped or distorted foot. Tay- 
lor. 

BAK'ER-LEGGED, a. Having crooked legs, or legs that 
l)end inward at the knees. 

BAK'ER-Y, 71. ]. The trade of a baker. 2. A place occu- 
pied with the business of baking bread, &c. 

BAK'ING, ppr. Drying and hardening in heat ; dressing 
or cooking in a close place, or in beat. 

BAK'ING, n. The quantity baked at once; as a bakincr 
of bread. 

BAL'AN, 71. A fish of a beautiful yellow. 

BAL'ANCE, 71. [Fr. bala7ice ,* b'p. balanza.] 1. A pair of 
scales, for weighing commodities. 2. One of the simple 
powers in mechanics. 3. Figuratively, an impartial state 
of the mind, in deliberating. 4. As balance signifies 
equal weight, or equality, it is used for the Tceight or S7i7n 
7iecessary to make two unequal voeights or sums equal. 5. 
Balance of trade is an equal exportation of domestic pro- 
ductions, and importation of foreign. G. Equipoise, or an 
equal state of power between nations ; as, the “ balance 
of power.” 7. Equipoise, or an equal state of the pas- 
sions. 8. That which renders weight or autliority equal. 
9. The part of a clock or watch which regulates the 
beats. — 10. In astronomy, a sign in the zodiac, called, in 
Latin, Libra. — The hydrostatic balance is an instrument 
to determine the specific gravity of fluid and solid bodies. 
The assay balance is one which is used in docimastic op- 
erations, to determine the w^eight of minute bodies. 

BAL'ANCE, V. t. 1. To adjust the weights in the scales of a 
balance, so as to bring them to an equipoise. 2. To weigh 
reasons ; to compare, by estimating the relative force, 
importance, or value of difterent things. 3. To regulate 
diflerent powers, so as to keep them in a state of just pro- 
portion. 4. To counterpoise ; to make of equal weight or 
force ; to make equipollent ; to support the centre of grav- 
ity. 5. To settle and adjust, as an account. 


* See Sijnopsis. A, E, T, 


5, G, Y, long.— F^B., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 


BAL 


G9 


BAL 


BAL'AiN’CE, V. i. 1. T(j liave on eacli side equal weight ; to 
be on a poise 2. To hesitate ; to fluctuate between mo- 
tives wliicli appear of equal force. 

BAL'ANCED, pp. Charged with equal weights ; standing 
on an equipoise ; regulated so as to be equal 5 settled j 
adjusted ; made equal in weight or amount. 

BAL'ANCE-FjSII, n. 'I’he zygoina., or marteaxi. 

BAL'AN-CEil, n. 1. The person who weighs, or who uses 
a balance. 2. A member of an insect useful in balancing 
the body. 3. One skilled in balancing. 

I3AL'Ai\CE-IlEEE, n. A reef band that crosses a sail di- 
agonally, used to contract it in a storm. 

IJAL'AISi-ClNG, ppr. Charging with equal weights ; being 
in a state of eqiii poise ; bringing to a state of ecpiality ; 
regulating respective forces or sums to make them equal ; 
settling j adjusting 5 paying a diflereiice of accounts ; hes- 
itating. 

BAL'AX-CING, v. Equilibrium ; ]>oise. Spenser. 

BAL'A-NITE, ?i. A fossil shell of the genus balanus. 

BAL' ASS, or BAI.'AS, n. [Sp. balax ; Er. balais.] A va- 
riety of spinel ruby. 

BA-LAUS'Tfi\E, n. The wild pomegranate tree. 

BAL-liC'ClN-ATE, ) v. i. [L. balbutio.] To stammer in 

BAL-Bu'TlATE, ) speaking. Diet. 

* BAL €0-NfEl>, a. Having balconies. R. JVorth. 

* BAL'0O-NY, n. [f’r. balcon ; It. balcoxic.] In architec- 
ture, a frame of wood, iron or stone, in front of a Ijouse 
or other building. 

BALU, (bawld) a. [Sp. baldio.'^ 1. Destitute of hair, es- 
Y»ecially on the top and back of the head. 2. Destitute of 
tile natural covering. 3. Without feathers on the head. 
4. Destitute of trees on the top. 5. Unadorned ; inelegant, 
(i. Mean ; naked ; base ; without dignity or value. Skak. 
7. In popiUar language, open, bold, audacious. 8. With- 
out beard or awn. 

BALD'A-CHIN, ) ?i. [It. baldacchino ; Sp. baldaqi/ino.] In 

BALD'A-CiULM, | architecture, a building in form of a can- 
opy, supported by columns, and often used as a covering 
to insulated altars. 

BALD'MGN-Y, n. The same with gentian. 

BALD'ER-DASfl, n. Mean, senseless prate; a jargon of 
words ; ribaldry ; any thing jumbled together without 
judgment. 

BALD'ER-DASri, v. t. To mix or adulterate liquors. 

BALD'LY, adv. Nakedly ; meanly ; inelegantly ; openly. 

BALD'NESS, n. Want of hair on the top and back of the 
head ; loss of hair ; meanness or inelegance of writing ; 
want of ornament. 

BAEE'RATE, n. A pate without hair. 

BALD'PA-TED, a. Destitute of hair ; shorn of hair. 

BALD'IUCK, n. [L. balteus, and rick.] 1. A girdle, or 
richly ornamented belt ; a war girdle. 2. The zodiac. 

BALE, n. [Fr. ballc ; Ger. ballen.] L A bundle or pack- 
age of goods in a cloth cover, and corded for carriage or 
transportation. 2. Formerly, a pair of dice. 

BALE,' V. t. To make up in a bale. 

t BALE, n. f^Sax. bcal, bcalo.] Misery ; calamity. 

BAL-E-AR'IC, a. Pertaining to the isles of Majorca and 
Minorca. 

BaLE'FUL, n. 1. Woeful ; sad ; sorrowful ; full of grief ; 
producing misery. 2. Mischievous ; destructive ; i»erni- 
cious ; calamitous ; deadly. 

B7 vLE'FUL-LY, adv. Sorrowfully ; perniciously ; in a 
calamitous manner. 

BA-LIS'TER, n. [L. balista.] A cross bow. 

BA-LIZE', n. [Fr. balise.] A sea-mark ; a pole raised on a 
bank. 

BALK, (hawk) n. [Pax. hale ; W. hale.] 1. A ridge of 
land, left unplowed, between furrows, or at the end of a 
field. 2. A great beam, or rafter. [G. balken ; D. balk.] 
3. Any thing left untouched, like a ridge in plowing. 4. 
A frustration ; disappointinejit. 

BALK, (hawk) t. 1. To disappoint ; to frustrate. 2. To 
leave untouched ; to miss or omit. 3. To pile, as in a 
heap or ridge. 4. To turn aside ; to talk beside one’s 
meaning. [0/>s.] Spenser. 5. To plow, leaving balks. 

B.VLK'ED, (hawkt) /);?. 1. Plowed in ridges between fur- 
rows, as in American husbandry. 2. Frustrated ; disap- 
pointed. 

BALK'ER, (bawk'er) n. One who balks. 

BALK'ING, ppr. Plowing in ridges ; frustrating. 

BALL, n. [G. ball ; 1). bal ; Pw. ball.] 1. A round body ; 
a spherical substance. 2. A bullet. 3. A printer’s ball, 
consisting of hair or wool, covered with leather, and used 
to put ink on the types in the forms. 4. The globe or earth, 
from its figure. 5. A globe borne as an ensign of autlior- 
ity. 6. Any part of the body tha,t is round or protuberant ; 
as, the eye ball. 7. The weight at the bottom of a i)endulum. 

BALL, n. [Fr. bal ; It. ballo.] An entertainment of dancing. 

BALL, V. i. To form into a ball, as snow on horses’ hoofs. 

BAL'LAD, n. [It. ballata.] A song ; originally, a solemn 
song of praise ; but now a meaner kind of popular song. 

BAIj'LAD, V. i. To make or sing ballads. Shah. 

I BAL'LAD, V. X. To write ballads. 


BAL'LAD-ER, n. A writer of ballads. Ocerhury. 

BAL'LAD-MA'KER, n. A maker or composer of ballads. 

BAL'LAD-MoNG'ER, n. A dealer in writing ballads. 

BAL'LAD-RY, n. The subject or style of ballads. 

BAL'IjAD-SING'ER, n. One whose employment is to sing 
ballads. 

BAL'LAD-PTSl LE, n. The air or manner of a ballad. 

BAL'LAD-TUNE, 7f. The tune of a ballad. Wartou. 

BAL'LAD-WRIT'ER, 71 . A composer of ballads. 

t B AL'L A-ll AG , v. t. To bully ; to threaten. fVarton. 

BAL'LAST, 71. [Pax. bat, with last.] 1. Heavy matter, as 
stone, sand or iron, laid on the bottom of a sJiip or otlnn- 
vessel, to sink it in the water, to such a depth as to ena- 
ble it to carry sufficient sail without oversetting. 2. 
Figuratively, that which is used to make a thing steady. 

BAL'LAST, V. t. 1. To jilace heavy substances on the bot- 
tom of a ship or vessel, to keep it from oversetting. 2. 
To keep any’^ thing steady', by counterbalancing its force. 

BAL'LAST-ED, pp. Furnished with ballast ; kept steady 
by' a counterpoising force. 

BAL'LAST-ING, 2W- Furnisliing with ballast; keeping 
steady. 

BAL'LAST-ING, n. Ballast; that which is used for ballast. 

BAL'LA-TED, a. Sung in a ballad. [Little used.] 

BAL-LA-TOON', 71. A heavy luggage boat enqiluyed on 
the rivers about the Caspian lake. 

BAL'-LA-TRY, 71. A song ; a jig. Miltoxi. 

BAL'LET, 71. [Fr. ballet.] J. A kind of dance ; an in- 
terlude ; a comic dance, consisting of a series of several 
airs, with different movements, representing some subject 
or action. 2. A kind of dramatic poem, representing soiiic 
fabulous action or subject. 

BAL'Ll-AGE, or, more correctly, lailagc, n. [Ir. balle.] A 
small duty paid to the city of London by aliens, and even 
by' denizens, for certain commodities exported by them. 

BAL'LIARDS. See Billiards. 

BAL'LIS-TER. See Baluster. 

BAL-LIS'TIC, a. [L. balista.] Fertaining to the balista, 
or to the art of shooting darts. 

BAL-LIS'T1€P, 71. The science or art of tlirowing missive 
weapons, by the use of an engine. 

BAL-LOON', 71. ballon.] 1. In ^'•caeraZ, any' spherical, 
hollow body. — 2. In chemistry, a round vessel with a 
short neck, to receive whatever is distilled ; a glass re- 
ceiver, of a spherical form. — 3. In architecture, a ball or 
globe, on the top of a pillar. — 4. In Jireworks, a ball of 
pasteboard, or kind of bomb, stuffed with combustibles, to 
be {)layed otf, when fired, either in the air, or in water, 
which, bursting like a bomb, exhibits sparks of lire like 
stars. 5. A game, somewhat resembling tennis, jilayed 
in an open field, with a large ball of leather, inflated with 
wind. (). A bag or hollow vessel, made of silk or other 
light material, and filled with hydrogen gas or heated air, 
so as to rise and float in the atmosphere ; called, lor dis- 
tinction, an air-balloon. 

BAL LOON', or BAL'LO-EN, n. A state barge of Siam, 
made of a single piece of timber. 

BAL'LOT, 71. [Fr. ballotte.] 1. A ball used in voting. 2. 
A ticket, or written vote, being given in lieu of a ballot, is 
now called by' the same name. 3. Tlie act of voting by 
balls or tickets. 

BAL'LOT, 77. 7. 1. To vote by ballot. 2. To vote by writ- 
ten papers or tickets. 

BAL'LO-TADE, or BAL'O-TADE, ??. In the menage, a 
leap of a horse between two pillars, or upon a straight line, 
so that when his fore feet are in the air, he shows nothing 
but the shoes of his hind feet, witliout jerking out. 

BAL-LO-Ta'TION, n. A voting by ballot. \JJttlc used.] 

BAL'LOT-BOX, 71. A box for receiving ballots. 

BALM, (bam) n. [Fr baume.] 1. The sap or juice of trees 
or shrubs remarkably odoriferous or aromatic. 2. Any 
fragrant or valuable ointment. Shak. 3. Any thing which 
heals, or which soothes or mitigates pain. — 4. In botany, 
the name of several aromatic plants, particularly of the 
genus melissa. 

Bairn of Oilead. A plant of the genus amijris. Its leaves 
yield, when bruised, a strong aromatic scent ; and from 
this plant is obtained the balm of Oilead of the shops, or 
balsam of Mecca or of l?yria, 

BALM, v.t. 1. To anoint with halm. 2. To soothe ; to 
mitigate ; to assuage. 

BALM'Y, (biiin'e) a. 1. Having the qualities of balm ; 
aromatic. 2. Producing balm. 3. Eoothing ; soft ; mild. 
4. Fragrant ; odoriferous. 5. Mitigating ; easing ; assuaging. 

DAL'NE-AL, a. [It, balneum .] Pertaining to a bath. 

BAL'NE-A-RY, 71. [L. balneariitxn.] A bathing room. 
Brown. 

BAL-NE-a'TION, 71. The act of bathing. Brow7i. 

BAL'NE-A-TO-RY, a. Belonging to a iPatli or stove. 

BAL'NE-UM, 71 . [L.] Used in chexnistry, for a vessel. 

BAL'SAIM, 71. [Gr. fiaXaapov.] An oily, aromatic, resinous 
substance, flowing spontaneously', or by incision, from 
certain plants. 

Balsajn apple. An annual Indian plant. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BTILL, UNITE.— C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Til as ’u this, f Obsolete. 


BAN 


70 


BAN 


Balsam tree. A name given to a genus of plants. 

Balsam of Sulphur is a solution of sulphur in oil. 

Balsam of Peru. The produce of a tree in Peru. 

f I3AL SAM, V. t. To render balsamic *, to soften. 

liAL-SAM-A'TiON, n. The act of rendering balsamic. 

BAL-SAj\IT€, or 13AL-SAJMTC-AL, a. Having the qualities 
of balsam 5 stimulating ; unctuous ; soft 5 mitigating j mild. 

BAL-SAM'1€, 71. A warm, stimulating, demulcent medi- 
cine, of a sinooth and oily consistence. 

BAL'SA-MlNE, 71. Touch-me-not, or impatiens, a genus of 
plants. 

BAL'SAM-SWEAT-ING, a. Yielding balsam. 

BALTTE, 71. The sea which separates Norway and Swe- 
den from Jutland, Holstein and Germany. 

BALTTG, a. Pertaining to the sea of that name j situated 
on the Baltic sea. 

BAL'US-TER, 71 . [It. balaustro Sp. balaustre ,• Fr. balustre.] 
This is corrupted into ba7iister. A small column or pilas- 
ter, of various forms and dimensions, used for balustrades. 

BAL US-TERED, a. Having balusters. Soames. 

BAL'US-TRADE, 71 . [Sp. balaiistrado ; It. baluTistrata ,• 
Fr. balustrade.] A row of balusters, joined by a rail, 
serving as a fence or inclosure, for altars, balconies, stair- 
cases, terraces, tops of buildings, &c. 

BAM, or BEAM, as an initial syllable in names of places, 
signifies wood ; implying that the place took its name from 
a grove, or forest. Ger. haum, a tree. 

BAM'BOO, 71. A plant of the reed kind, or genus amindo, 
growing in the East Indies. 

BAM-BOO'ZLE, v. t. To confound 5 to deceive j to play 
low tricks. [B. low word.] 

BAM-BOO'ZLER, 71 . A cheat ; one who plays low tricks. 

BAN, 71. [Sax. bu7i7ian, aban7ia7i.] 1. A public proclama- 
tion or edict ; a public order or notice, mandatory or pro- 
liibitory. 2. Notice of a marriage proposed, or of a mat- 
rimonial contract, proclaimed in a church. 3. An edict of 
interdiction or proscription. Hence, to put a prince under 
the ban of the empire, is to divest him of his dignities. 4. 
Interdiction ; prohibition. Milto7i. 5. Curse 5 excommu- 
nication ; anathema. Raltigh. G. A pecuniary mulct or 
penalty laid upon a delinquent for ofl'ending against a ban. 
7. A mulct paid to the bishop by one guilty of sacrilege 
and other crimes. 8. In 7nilita7-y affairs^ a proclamation 
by beat of drum, requiring a strict observance of disci- 
pline, either for declaring a new officer, or for punishing 
an offender. — 9. In commerce^ a smooth, fine muslin, im- 
ported from the East Indies . 

BAN, V. t. To curse 5 to execrate. Shak. Knolles. 

BAN, 7'). i. To curse. Spc/iscr. 

* B A-NA'NA, 71. A species of the genus mtisa, or plantain- 
tree, and its fruit. 

BAND, 71. [S’dx. banda ; Sw. 5cr?d.] 1. A fillet ; a cord; a 
tie ; a chain ; any narrow ligament with which a thing is 
bound, tied or fastened, or by which a number of things 
are confined together. — 2. In architecture^ any flat, low 
member or molding, broad, but not deep, called also fascia, 
face or plmth. 3. Fiaurutiochj , any chain ; any means 
of restraint ; that which draws or confines. 4. Means of 
union or connection between persons. 5. Any thing 
bound round or encircling another. 6. Something worn 
about the neck. 7. A company of soldiers ; the body of 
men united under one flag or ensign. Also, indefinitely, 
a troop, a body of armed men. 8. A company of persons 
united in any common design. 9. A slip of canvas, 
sewed across a sail to strengthen it. — The bu7ids of a sad- 
dle are two pieces of iron nailed upon the bows, to hold 
them in their proper situation. Joh7ison. 

BAND, V. t. 1. To bind together ; to bind over with a 
band. 2. To unite in a troop, company or confederacy. 

BAND, V. i. To unite ; to associate ; to confederate for^ 
some common purpose. 

BAND' AGE, ?i. [Fr.] 1. A fillet, roller, or swath, used in 
dressing and binding up wounds, restraining hemor- 
rhages, and joining fractured and dislocated bones. 2. 
Something resembling a bandage ; that which is bound 
over another. 

BAN-DAN' A, 71 . A species of silk handkerchief. 

BAND'BOX, 77. A slight paper box for bands, caps, bonnets, 
muffs, or other light articles. 

BAND'ED, ])p. Bound with a band ; united in a band. 

BAND'ER, 71. One that bands or associates with others. 

BAND'ER-ET, 71 . In Swisserland, a general in chief of 
military forces. 

BAND'lED, pp. Beat or tossed to and fro ; agitated ; con- 
troverted without ceremony. 

BAND'ING, ppr. Binding with a band ; uniting in a band 
or company. 

BAN'DIT, 71.; plu. Bandits, or Banditti, (ban-dit'te) 
[It. bandito.] An outlaw ; also, in a general sense, a rob- 
ber ; a highwayman ; a lawless or desperate fellow. 

BAN'DLE, 71 . An Irish measure of two feet in length. 

BAND'LET, ) 71 . [Fr. ba7idelette.] Any little band or flat 

BAND'E-LET, \ molding. 

BAN'DOG, 71. A large species of dog. Shak. 


BAN-DO-LEERS', 71. [Sp. bandolcra.] A large leathern 
belt, thrown over the right shoulder, and hanging under 
the left arm ; worn by ancient musketeers for sustaining 
their fire arms, and their musket charges, which, being 
put into little wooden cases, and coated with leather, 
were hung, to the number of twelve, to each bandoleer. 

fBAN'DON, 71. Disposal ; license. ^Chaucer. 

BAN'DORE, 71. [Sp. bu7idurria.] A musical stringed instru- 
ment, hke a lute. 

BAND'RoL, 71. [Fr. ba7iderole.] 1. A little flag or streamer, 
in form of a guidon, used to be hung on the masts of ves- 
sels. 2. The little fringed silk flag that hangs on a 
trumpet. 

BAND'STRING, 71. A string appendant to a band. 

BAND'Y, 71. [Fr. ba7ider,] A club for striking a ball at play. 

BAND'Y, V. t. 1. To beat to and fro, as a ball in play. 
2. To exchange ; to give and receive reciprocally. 3. To 
agitate ; to toss about, as from man to man. 

BAND'Y, V. i. To contend, as at some game, in which 
each strives to drive the ball his own way. 

BAND'Y-ING, ppr. Beating, impelling or tossing from one 
to another ; agitating in controversy without ceremony. 

BAND'Y-LEG, 71. A crooked leg ; a leg bending inward or 
outward. 

BAND'Y-LEGGED, a. Having crooked legs. 

BANE, 71. [Sax. ftaim.] Poison of a deadly quality ; hence, 
any fatal cause of mischief, injury or destruction. 

BANE, V. t. To poison. Shak. 

BaNE'-BER-RY, 71. A name of the herb Christopher, actcea, 
or aconitum racemosmn. 

BaNE'FUL, a. Poisonous ; pernicious ; destructive. 

BaNE'FUL-LY, adv. Perniciously ; destructively. 

BaNE'FUL-NESS, 71. Poisonousness ; destructiveness. 

BaNE'-WoRT, 71. A plant, called also deadly 7iightshade. 

BANG, V. t. [Dan. ba7iker.] 1. To beat, as with a club or 
cudgel; to thump; to cudgel. low word.] 2. To beat or 
handle roughly ; to treat with violence. 

BANG, 71. A blow with a club ; a heavy blow. Shak. 

BANG'ING, a. Large ; great. Orosc. 

BAN'GLE, V. t. To waste by little and little ; to squander 
carelessly. Jolmso7i. 

'^'BAN'IAN, 71. 1. A man’s undress or morning gown, as 
worn by the Banians in the East Indies. 2. A Gentoo ser- 
vant, employed as an agent in commerce. 3. A tree in 
India. Mdto7i. 

BAN'ISH, V. t. [Fr. bannir,] 1. To condemn to exile, or 
compel to leave one’s country. 2. To drive away ; to 
compel to depart. 3. To quit one’s country voluntarily ; 
as, he ba7iished himself. 

BAN'ISHED, i>p. Compelled to leave one’s country ; driven 
away 

BAN'iSH-ER, 71. One who compels another to quit his 
country 

BAN'ISH-ING, ppr. Compelling to quit one’s country ; 
driving away. 

BAN'ISH-MENT, n. 1. The act of compelling a citizen to 
leave his country. 2. A voluntary forsaking of one’s coun- 
try upon oath, called abjuratio7i. 3. The state of being 
banished ; exile. 4. The act of driving away or dispelling. 

BAN'IS-TER, 71. A corruption of baluster, which see. 

BANK, 71. 1. A mound, pile or ridge of earth, raised above 
the surrounding plain. 2. Any steep acclivity, Avhether 
rising from a river, a lake, or the sea, or forming the side 
of a ravine. 3. A bench, or a bench of rowers, in a gal- 
ley. 4. A collection or stock of money. 5. The place 
where a collection of money is deposited ; a house used 
for a bank. 6. A company of persons concerned in a 
bank. 7. An elevation, or rising ground, in the sea ; 
called nlso flats, shoals, shelves or shallows. 

BANK, V. t. 1. To raise a mound or dike ; to inclose, de- 
fend or fortify with a bank. 2. To pass by the banks of. 
Shak. [JV'ot m ase.] 3. To lay up or deposit money in a 
bank. [Little vsed^ 

BANK'A-BLE, a. Receivable at a bank, as bills ; or dis- 
countable, as notes. [Of recent origin.] 

BANK-BILL, or BANK-NOTE, 7i. A promissory note, is- 
sued by a banking company. 

BANKED, pp. Raised in a ridge or mound of earth ; inclosed, 
or fortified with a bank. 

BANK'ER, n. 1. One who keeps a bank. 2. A vessel em- 
ployed in the cod fishery on the banks of Newfoundland. 
Mar. Diet. 

BANK'ING, ppr. Raising a mound or bank ; inclosing with 
a bank. 

BANK'ING, 71. The business or employment of a banker. 

BANK'RUPT, 71. [Fr. ba7iqueroute.] 1. A trader who se- 
cretes himself, or does certain other acts tending to defraud 
his creditors. 2. A trader who becomes unable to pay his 
just debts ; an insolvent trader. 

BANK'RUPT, a. Having committed acts of bankruptcy ; 
unable to pay just debts ; insolvent. 

BANK'RUPT, V. t. To break one in trade ; to make insol- 
vent. 

BANK'RUPT-CY, n. 1. The state of being a bankrupt, or 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, tJ, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PR£Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


BAR 


71 


BAR 


insolvent ; inability to pay all debts. 2. The act of be- 
coming a bankrupt. 

BANK'KUPT-ED, p/?. Rendered insolvent. 

BAiN'K'RUTT-lN(J, ppr. Breaking in trade-, rendering in- 
solvent. 

BAi\’K'RUFT-LAW, n. A law, which, upon a bankrupt’s 
surrendering all his property to commissioners for the 
benefit of his creditors, discharges him from the payment 
of his debts. 

BANK'RUPT-SYS'TEM, n. A system of laws and legal 
proceedings in regard to bankrupts. 

BANK-STOCK, n. A share or shares in the capital stock of 
a bank. 

BAN'NER, n. [Fr. bamiiere.] 1. A square flag-, a military 
ensign , the principal standard of a prince or state. 2. A 
streamer borne at the end of a lance or elsewhere. — 3. In 
hutatiy, the upper petal of a papilionaceous corol. 

BAN'NERED, a. Furnished with or bearing banners. 

BAN'NER-ET, n. [Fr.] A knight made in the field. On 
the day of battle, the candidates presented their flags to 
the king or general, who cut off the train or skirt, and 
made it square. They were then called knights of the 
square flag. 

BANNIAN. See Baman. 

BAN'NE-RoL. See Bandrol. 

tBAN-NI"TION, n. [L,. b a unit us.] The act of expulsion. 
.dbp. Laud. 

BAN'NOCK, 71. [Ir. hoinneog.] A cake made of oatmeal or 
peas-ineal, baked on an iron {)4ate over the fire. 

BAN'OY, n. A species of hawk. 

BAN'O-IJET, n. [Fr. banquet.] A feast j a rich entertain- 
ment of meat and drink. 

BAN'CUJET, V. t. To treat with a feast. 

BAN'Q-UET, V. i. To feast ; to regale one’s self with good 
eating and drinking. Shah. 

BAN'CUJET-ED, pp. Feasted j richly entertained at the 
table. 

BAX'OUET-ER, n. 1. A feaster ; one who lives delicious- 
ly. 2. One who makes feasts or rich entertainments. 

BAN'CIUET-L\G, 2 )pr. 1. Feasting j entertaining with rich 
fare. 2. Partaking of rich fare. 

BAN'Q,UET-1NG, n. A feast -, luxurious living. 

BAN'aUET-lNG-HOUSE, or BAN'aUET-liOUSE, ti. A 
house where entertainments are made. 

BAN C^UET-ING-ROOM, n. A saloon, or spacious hall for 
public entertainments. 

BAN-aUETTE', or BAN-aUET^ (ban-ket') n. [Fr.] In 
fortification., a little raised way or foot bank, running 
along the inside of a parapet, on which musketeers stand 
to fire upon the enemy. 

BAN'SHEE, or BENSIII, n. An Irish fairy. Todd. 

BAN'STIG-KLE, n. A small fish, called also stickle-back. 

BAN'TER, V. t. To play upon in words and in good hu- 
mor , to rally ; to joke, or jest with. 

BAN'TER, n. A joking or jesting -, raillery j wit or humor j 
pleasantry. 

BAN'TERED, pp. Rallied -, laughed at in good humor- 

BAN'TER-ER, n. One who banters, or laughs a^ with 
pleasantry. 

BAN'TER-ING, ppr. Joking j laughing at with good hu- 
mor. 

BANT'LING, n. A young child ; an infant. 

BAP'TISM, 71. [Gr. ftarnerpa.] 1. The application of water 
to a person, as a sacrament or religious ceremony, by 
which he is initiated into the visible church of Christ. 
2. The sufferings of Christ. 3. So much of the gospel as 
was preached by John the Baptist. 

BAP-TIS'MAL, a. Pertaining to baptism. 

BAP'TIST, 71. 1. One who administers baptism. This ap- 
pellation is appropriately given to John, the forerunner 
of Christ. 2. As a contraction of .Anabaptist, one who 
denies the doctrine of infant baptism, and maintains that 
baptism ought to be administered only to adults by im- 
mersing the body in water. 

BAP'TIS-TER-Y, /i. [L. ba.ptisteriv,m.] A place where the 
sacrament of baptism is administered. 

ll. 


ment of baptism to ; to christen. 

BAP-TiZ'ED, (bap-tizd') pp. Having received baptism ; 
christened. 

BAP-TIZ'Ell, 77. One who christens, or administers bap- 
tism. 

BAP-TIZ'ING, ppr. Administering baptism to ; christen- 
ing. 

BAR, 77. [W. bar.] 1. A piece of wood, iron or other solid 
matter, long in proportion to its diameter, used for various 
purposes, but especially for a hindrance or obstruction. 
2. Any obstacle which obstructs, hinders or defends -, an 
obstruction ; a fortification. 3. The shore of the sea, 
which restrains its waters. 4. The railing that incloses 
the place which counsel occupy in courts of justice ; the 
body of lawyers licensed in a court. 5. Figurativehj, any 


BAP-TIS'TIG, ) T, Tj 

^ jp G A.L 1 leitaining t77 baptism. Tranxaa 

BAP-TiZE', V. t. [Gr. (SaTmiio.] To administer the 


tribunal j as, the bar of public opinion. 6. Tlie inclosed 
place of a tavern, inn or coliee house, where the land- 
lord or his servant delivers out liquors, and waits upon 
customers. 7. A bank of sand, gravel, or earth, forming 
a shoal at the mouth of a river or harbor, obstructing en- 
trance, or rendering it diiiicult. 8. A rock in the sea -, 
any thing by which structure is held together. 9. Any 
thing laid across another j as, bars in heraldry, stripes in 
color, and the like. — 10. In the menage, the highest part 
of the place in a horse’s mouth between the grinders and 
tusks. — 11. In music, bars are iines drawn perpendicu- 
larly across tlie lines of the staff, including between each 
two a certain quantity of time, or number of beats. — 
12. In laio, a peremptory exception, sufiicient to destroy 
the plaintiff’s action. 13. A bar of gold or silver is an 
ingot, lump or wedge, from the mines, run in a mold, 
and unwrought. A bar of iron is a long piece, wrought 
in the forge, and hammered from a pig. — r4. Among print- 
ers, the iron with a wooden handle, by whicli tlie screw 
of the press is turned. 

BAR, t. 1. To fasten with a bar. 2. To hinder ; to ob- 
struct, or prevent. 3. To prevent -, to exclude i to hinder ; 
to make impracticable. 4. To prohibit ; to restrain or ex- 
clude by express or implied p.*-oiiibition. 5. lo obstruct, 
prevent or hinder by any moral obstacle. G. J'o except 
to exclude by exception. 7. To cross with stripes of a 
diflerent color. 8. To bar a vein, in furriery, is an opera- 
tion upon the legs of a horse, to stop malignaiit iiuinors. 
9. To adorn with trappings -, a contra(;tion of barb. 

BARB, n. [L. barba.] 1. Beard, or that wiiich resembles it, 
or grows in tlie place of it. 2. The down, or pubes, cov- 
ering the surface of some plants. 3. Ancienthj, arnicr 
for horses ; formerly, barbe or barde. 4. A common name 
of the Barbary pigeon. 5. A horse from Barbary, of 
which it seems to be a contraction. G. The points that 
stand backward in an arrow, fish-hook, or other instru- 
ment for piercing, intended to prevent its being extract- 
ed. — 7. In botany, a straight process armed with teeth 
pointing backward like the sting of a bee. 

BARB, V. t. 1. To shave j to dress the beard. [0Z»5.] Shak. 
2. To furnish with barbs, as an arrow, fish-hook, spear, or 
other instrument. 3. To put armor on a horse. JiUton. 

BAR'BA-GAN, n. [Fr. barbacane.] 1. A fortification or 
outer defense to a city or castle. 2. A fortress at the 
end of a bridge, or at the outlet of a city, having a double 
wall with towers. 3. An opening in the wall of a for- 
tress, through which guns are leveled and fired upon an 
enemy. 

BAR-Ba'DOES-CIIER'RY, 77. The malpighia. 

BAR-Ba'DOES T.AR, 77. A mineral fluid” of the nature of 
the thicker fluid bitumens. 

BAR-Ba'RI-AN, 77. [L. barbarus ; Gr. ^ap^apo^.] 1. A 
man in his rude, savage state -, an uncivilized person. 
2. A cruel, savage, brutal man one destitute of pity or 
humanity. 3. A foreigner. 

BAR-Ba'RI-AN, a. 1. Belonging to savages ; rude j uncivil- 
ized. 2. Cruel ; inhuman. 

BAR-BAR'IG, a. [L. barbaricus.] Foreign ; imported from 
foreign nations. 

BaR'BA-RISM, 77. [L. harbarismus.] 1. A form of speech 
contrary to the pure idioms of any language. 2. igno- 
rance of arts ; want of learning. Dryden. 3. Rudeness 
of manners -, savagism ; incivility ; ferociousness ; a 
savage state of society. Spenser. 4. Brutality ; cruelty ■, 
barbarity. 

BAR-BAR'I-TY, n. 1. Tlie manners of a barbarian ; savage- 
ness ; cruelty -, ferociousness ; inliumanity. 2. Barba- 
rism ; impurity of speech. 

BAR'BAR-IZE, V. t. To niake barbarous. Burke. 

t BAR'BAR-lZE, v. i. To commit a barbarism. Milton. 

BAR'BAR-0U8!, a. 1. Uncivilized; savage; unlettered; 
untutored ; ignorant ; unacquainted with arts ; stranger 
fo civility of manners. 2. Cruel ; ferocious ; inhuman. 

BAR'BAR-OUS-LY, cdv. J. In the manner of a barbarian ; 
ignorantly ; without knowledge or arts ; contrary to the 
rules of speech. 2. In a savage, cruel, ferocious or inhu- 
man manner. 

BAR'BAR-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Rudeness cr incivility of man- 
ners. 2. Impurity of language. 3. Cruelty ; inhumanity ; 
barbarity. 

BAR'BA-RY, n. A barbary liorse ; a barb. 

BAR'BAS-TEL, n. A bat with hairy lips. 

BAR'B/VTE, 1 a. [L. harhatus.] In botany, bearded; also 

BAR'BA-TED, [ gaping or ringent. 

BARBE. In the military art, to fire in barbe, is to fire the 
cannon over the parapet. 

BAR'BE-CUE, n. In the West Indies, a hog roasted whole. 
It is, with us, used for an ox, or perhaps any other animal, 
dressed in like manner. 

BAR'BE-CUE, v. t. To dress and roast a hog whole ; to 
roast any animal whole. 

BARBED, pp. 1. Furnished with armor. 2. Bearded 
jagged with hooks or points. 3. Slaved or trimmed ^ 
having the beard dressed. 


* So9 Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BULL, UNITE. — C as K ; G as J ; i? as Z ; CIl as SH ; TII as in this. | Obsoletu. 


BAR 


72 


BAR 


BAR'BEL, n. [L. barba.] 1. A fish of the genus njpy'inus. 
2. A knot of superfluous flesh, growing in the channels 
of a horse’s mouth ; Avritten also barbie^ or barb. 

BaR'BEK, 71. [Persian, barbr.] One whose occupation is to 
shave men, or to shave and dress hair. Shak. 

BAK'BER, t. To shave and dress hair. Shak. 

BAR'BER-CHI-RUR'OEON, n. One who joins the practice 
of surgery with that of a barber, a practice now unusual j 
a low practitioner of surgery. 

f BAR'BER-ESS, n. A female barber. 

BAR'BER-MoNG'ER, n. A man who frequents the bar- 
ber’s shop ; a fop. Shak. 

BAR'BER-RY, n. [L. berberis.] A plant of the genus ber- 
berisj common in hedges 5 called in England pq^pcridge- 

blLSh. 

BAIPBET, 77. 1. A name of a species of worms. 2. The 
bucco, a genus of birds. 3. A dog so called from his long 
hair. 

BARD, 77. [W. bardh.] 1. A poet and a singer among the 
ancient Celts. 2. In modern usagCj a poet. Pope. 

BARD, 77. The trappings of a liorse. 

BARD^ED, a. In heraldry., caparisoned. 

BAR-DES^A-JNJSTS, 71. A sect of heretics, who sprung 

from Bardesanes. 

BARD'IC, a. Pertaining to bards, or to their poetry. 

BARD ISIf, a. Pertaining to bards ; written by a bard. 

BARD'iSM, 77. The science of bards j the learning and 
maxims of bards. Owen. 

BARE, a. [Sax. bar, or beer.'] 1. Naked ; without cover- 
ing. 2. With the head uncovered, from respect. 3. 
Plain ; simple ; unadorned ; without the polish of refined 
manners. 4. Laid open to view *, detected ; no longer 
concealed. 5. Poor 5 destitute ; indigent ; empty ; un- 
furnished. 6. Thread-bare •, much worn. 7. Wantmg 
clothes ; or ill-supplied with garments. 

BARE, V. t. [fc?ax. abaj'ian.1 To strip off the covering j to 
make naked. 

t BARE. The old preterit of bear, now bore. 

IjARE/BoNE, 77. A very lean person. 

BaRE'BoNED, a. Lean, so that the bones appear, or, rath- 
er, so that the bones show their forms. 

BARED, pp. Made bare •, made naked. 

BaRE'FACED, a. 1. With the face uncovered ; not mask- 
ed. 2. Undisguised ; unreserved ; without concealment ; 
lienee, shameless *, impudent ; audacious. 

BaRET’A-CED-LY, adv. Without disguise or resen'e ; 
openly ; impudently. 

BaRET"'A-CED-NESS, 77. Effrontery ; assurance ; auda- 
ciousness. 

BaRE'FOOT, a. With the feet bare j without shoes and 
stockings. 

BaRE'FOOT, a. or adv. With the feet bare. 

BaRE'FOOT-ED, a. Having the feet bare. 

BaRE'GNAWN, (barehiawn) a. Eaten bare. Shak. 

BaRE'HEAD-ED, a. Having the head uncovered, either 
from respect or other cause. 

BaRE'HEAD-ED-NESS, 77. The state of being bareheaded. 

BaRETjEGGED, a. Having the legs bare. 

BaRE'LY, adv. Nakedly ; poorly ; indigently ; without 
decoration •, merely ; only ; without any thing more. 

BaRE'NECKED, a. Having the neck uncovered. 

BaRE'NESS, n. Nakedness *, leanness ; poverty ; indi- 
gence ; defect of clothes. 

BaRE'PIOKED, a. Picked to the bone. Shak. 

BaRE'RIBBED, a. Lean. Shak. 

BAR'FUL. See Barrful. 

BAR'GAIN, (bar'gin) 77. [Fr. barguigner.] 1. An agree- 
ment betw'een parties concerning the sale of property •, a 
contract. 2. Stipulation ; interested dealing. 3. Pur- 
chase, or the thing purchased. 

BAR'G AIN, V. i. To make a contract or agreement. 

BAR'GAIN, V. t. To sell ; to transfer for a consideration. 

BAR-GAIN-EE', n. The party in a contract w^ho receives 
or agrees to receive the property sold. 

BAR'(j!AIN-ER, 77. The party in a contract who stipulates 
to sell and convey property to another. 

BARGE, (barj) 77. [D. bargie.l 1. A pleasure boat ; a ves- 
sel or boat of state, elegantly furnished. 2. A flat-bot- 
tomed vessel of burden, for loading and unloading ships. 

BARGE'-€6UP-LEk5, n. In architecture, a beam mortised 
into another, to strengthen the building. 

BARGE'-UoURSE, 77. Ill bricklaying, a part of the tiling 
which projects beyond the principal rafters. 

BARGE'MAN, 77. The man w4io manages a barge. 

BARGE'MAS-TER, 77. The proprietor of a barge, conveying 
goods for hire. 

BARG'ER, 77. The manager of a barge. 

BA-RIL'LA, 77. [Sp.] 1. A plant cultivated in Spain for 
its ashes, from wdiicli the purest kind of mineral alkali is 
obtained. 2. The alkali procured from this plant. 

B ART-TONE. See Barytone. 

BAR'I-UM, 77. The metallic basis of barytes, w'liich is an 
oxyd of barium.. Davy. 

BARK, 77. [Dan. bark.'] 1. Tlie rind or exterior covering of 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, f), U, Y, lovg.—YKR, FALL, 


a tree, corresponding to the skin of an animal. 2. By 
way of distinction, Peruvian bark. 

BARK, V. t. To peel j to strip off bark. Also, to cover or 
inclose with bark. 

BARK, or BAROQUE, n. [Ir. bare ; Fr. barque.] A small 
ship ; but appropriately, a ship wliich carries three masts 
without a mizzen top sail . 

BARK, V. i. [Sax. beorcan.] 1. To make the noise of dogs, 
when they threaten or pursue. 2. To clamor at ; to pur- 
sue with unreasonable clamor or reproach. 

BARK'-BARED, a. Stripped of the bark. Mortimer. 

BARK'-BOUND, a. Having tlie bark too firm or close, as 
with trees. 

BARKED, pp. Stripped of the bark ; peeled ; also, covered 
with bark. 

BARK'ER, 77. One who barks, or clamors unreasonably : 
one Avho strijTS trees of their bark. 

BARK'-GALLED, a. Having the bark galled, as with 
thorns. 

BARKTNG, ppr. Stripping off bark ; making the noise of 
dogs ; clamoring j covering with bark. 

BARK'Y, a. Consisting of bark ; containing bark. Shak. 

BAR'LEY, 77. [W. barlys.] A species of grain, used espe- 
cially for making malt, from which are distilled liquors of 
extensive use, as beer, ale and porter. 

BAR'LEY-BRAKE, n. A rural play *, a trial of swiftness. 

BARTiEY-BROTII, 77. A low word for strong beer. 

BAR'LEY-CORN, 77. A grain of barley 5 the third part of 
an inch in length 5 hence originated our measures of 
length. 

BAR'LEY-MOW, 77. A mow of barley, or the place w here 
barley is deposited. 

BAR'LEY-SUGAR, (barde-shu-gar) n. Sugar boiled till it 
is brittle, formerly with a decoction of barley. 

BAR'LEY-WA'TER, 77. A decoction of barley. 

BARM, 77. [Sax. beorm.] Yeast *, the scum rising upon beer, 
or other malt liquors, when fermenting, and used as 
leaven. 

BARM'Y, a. Containing barm, or yeast. Shak. 

BARN, 77. [Sax. Z/crer77.] A covered building for securing 
grain, hay, flax, and other productions of the earth. In 
the Northern States of Am eric a, ihe farmers generally use 
barns for stabling their horses and cattle ; so that, among 
them, a barn is both a cornhouse, or grange, and a stable. 

t BARN, V. t. To lay up in a barn. Shak. 

BAR'NA-CLE, 77. [Port. ier77aca.] I. A shell, which is 
often found on the bottoms of ships, rocks, and timber, 
below'^ the surface of the sea. 2. A species of goose, found 
in the northern seas, but visiting more southern climates 
in wunter. 3. In the plural, an instrument to put upon a 
horse’s nose, to confine him, for shoeing, bleeding, or 
dressing. 

BARN'-DoOR, 77. The door of a barn. Milton. 

BAR'O-LTTE, n. [Gr. /japos and \idog.] Carbonate of 
barytes. 

BA-R0M'E-TER,77. [Gr. Papog and perpov.] An instrument 
for measuring the weight or pressure of the atmosphere. 
Its uses are to indicate changes of weather, and to deter 
mine the altitude of mountains. 

BAR-0-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining or relating to the ba- 
rometer ; made by a barometer. 

BAR-O-MET'RI-CAL-LY, adv. By means of a barometer. 

BAR'ON, 77. [Fr. baron ; Sp. baron, or varon ; It. bar one.] 

1. In Great Britain, a title or degree of nobility ; a lord ; 
a peer ; one w’ho holds the rank of nobility next below 
that of a viscount. 2. Baron is a title of certain officers, 
as, barons of the exchequer. Barons of the Cinque Ports 
are membei-s of the house of commons, elected by the 
seven Cinque Ports. — 3. In law, a husband j as, baron 
and feme, husband and wife. 

BAR'ON-AGE, n. 1. The whole body of barons or peers. 

2. The dignity of a baron. 3. The land which gives title 
to a baron. Johnson. 

BAR^ON-ESS, 77. A baron’s wife or lady. 

BAR'ON-ET, 77. [Fr. ; dimin. of baron.] A dignity or degree 
of honor, next below a baron, and above a knight ; hav- 
ing precedency of all knights except those of the garter, 
and being the only knightliood that is hereditary. 

BA-Ro'NI-AL, a. Pertaining to a baron. Encyc. 

BAR'O-NY, 77. The lordship, honor, or fee of a baron, 
wTiether spiritual or temporal. 

BAR'OS-COPE, 77. [Gr. (iapog and oKOTreo).] An instmment 
to show' the w’eight of the atmosphere j superseded by the 
barometer. 

BAR-OS-COPTC, a. Pertaining to, or determined by, the 
baroscope. 

BAR-O-SEL'E-NITE, n. [Gr. ^apog or (^apvg, and selenite.] 
A mineral 5 sulphate of barytes ; heavy spar. 

BAR'RA, 77. In Portugal and Spain, a long measure for 
cloths. Encyc. 

BAR-RA-CA'bA, n. A fish, about fifteen inches in length, 
of a dusky color on the back, and a white belly, with 
small black spots. 


WHAT j— PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD 5— f Obsolete. 


BAR 


73 


BAS 


BAR'RA-€AN, n. [It. baracane.] A thick, strong stuff, 
soinetijing like camelot ; used for clokes, «fcc. 
BA 1 MIA€K, V, [Sp. harraca ; Fr. baraque.] A hut or 
house for soldiers, especially in garrison. 

BAll RA€K-MAS'TER, n. Tlie officer who superintends 
tJje barracks of soldiers. Swift. 

BAll-RA-€u'L)A, n. A species of fish, of the pike kind. 
BAR'RA-TOR, 71. [Old Fr. barat.] 1. One who frequently 
excites suits at law ; an encourager of litigation. 2. The 
master of a ship, who commits any fraud in the manage- 
ment of the ship. 

BAR'EA-TRY, 7i. 1. 1’he practice of exciting and encour- 

aging lawsuits and quarrels. — 2 . In commercBy any species 
of clieating or fraud, in a shipmaster, by which the own- 
ers or insurers are injured. 

BARRED, pp. Fastened with a bar ; hindered 5 restrained j 
excluded 5 forbid ; striped ; checkered. 

BAR'REL, n. [W. Fr. baril ; Sp. barj'il.] 1. A vessel or 
cask, of more length than breadth, round, and bulging in 
tiie middle, made of staves and heading, and bound with 
hoops. 2. The quantity which a barrel contains. 3. Any 
thing hollow and long, as the barrel of a gun ; a tube. 
4. A cylinder. 5. A cavity behind the tympanum of the 
ear is called the barrel of the car. 

BAR'REL, V. t. To put in a barrel ; to pack in a barrel. 
BAR'REL-BEL'LIED, a. Having a large belly. 
BAll'RELED, pp. Put or packed in a barrel. 

BAR RELED, a. Having a barrel or tube. 

BAIBREL-ING, ppr. Putting or packing in a barrel. 
BAR'REN, a. 1. Not producing young, or offspring ; ap- 
j)Ued to anitnals. 2. Not producing plants ; unfruitful j 
steril ; not fertile ; or producing little ; unproductive. 3. 
Not producing the usual fruit ; applied to trees. Sec. 4. 
Not copious ; scanty. 5. Not containing useful or enter- 
taining ideas. 6 . Unmeaning j uninventive ; dull. 7. 
Unproductive ; not inventive. 

BAR'REN, 71. 1. In the states west of the JUleghamj J\Io7in- 
tains, a word used to denote a tract of land, rising a few 
feet above the level of a plain, and producing trees and 
grass. Atwater. 2. Any unproductive tract of land. 
Drax(to7i. 

BAR'liEN-LY, adv. Unfruitffilly. 

BAR'REN-NESS, n. 1. The quality of not producing its 
kind *, want of the power of conception. 2. Unfruitful- 
ness 5 sterility ; infertility. 3. Want of invention ; want 
of the power of producing any thing new. 4. Want of 
matter 5 scantiness. 5. Defect of emotion, sensibility, or 
fervency. Ta^jlor. 

BAR'REN-SPIR'IT-ED, a. Of a poor spirit. Shale. 
BAR'REN-WDllT, n. A plant, constituting the genus epi- 
medmm. 

BARR'FUL, a. Full of obstructions. Shah. 

BAR-RI-€aDE^, ?i. \Fx. barricade.'] 1. A fortification made 
in iiaste, of trees and earth, in order to obstruct the prog- 
ress of an enemy. 2. Any bar or obstruction j that 
which defends. 

BAR-RI-€aDE', v.t. 1. To stop up a passage ; to obstruct. 

2. To fortify with any slight work that prevents the ap- 
y>roach of an enemy.’ 

BAR-KI-€a'DO. The same as barricade. 

BAR'RI-ER, n. \Yr. bai-riere.] 1. In fortificatio7i,n k\m\ of 
fence made in a passage. Etictjc. 2. A wall for defense. 

3. A fortress or fortified town on the frontier of a country. 

4. Any obstruction ; any thing which confines, or which 
. hinders approach, or attack. 5. A bar to mark the limits 

of a place ; any limit, or boundary ; a line of separation. 
BARRTNG, vpr. Making fast with a bar ; obstructing ; ex- 
cluding ; preventing ; prohibiting ; crossing with stripes. 
BARRTNG-OUT, n. Exclusion of a person from a place ; 

a boyish sport at Christmas. Swift. 

BAR'RIS-TER, 71. A counselor, learned in the laws, qual- 
ified .and admitted to plead at the bar. 

BAR'RoW, 71. [Sax. berexoe.] 1. A light, small carriage. 
A hand-barro7o is a frame covered in the middle with 
boards, and borne by and between two men. A 7cheel- 
barrow is a fr.ame with a box, supported by one wheel, 
and rolled by .a single man. 2. A wficker case, in salt 
works, where the salt is put to drain. 

BARRoW, n. [S.ax. berga, or beorgh.] 1. In E7igla7id, a 
l)og ; and, according to Ash, obsolete. Barrow grease is 
hog’s lard. — 2. In America, a male hog castrated ; a word 
in common use. 

BARR 6 W, 71. [Sax. beara, or hearexce.] In the names of 
places, barrow is used to signify a wood or grove. 
BAR'RoW, n. [Sax. beorg.] A hillock, or mound of earth, 
intended as a repository of the dead. 

BARSE, 71. An English name for the common perch. 
BAIFSHOT, n. Double-headed shot, consisting of a bar, 
with a half ball or round head at each end. 

BAR'TER, V. i. [Sp. barntar.] To traffick or trade, by ex- 
changing one commodity for another. 

BAR'TER, 7 ). t. To give one thing for another in commerce. 
BAR TER, 71. The act or practice of trafficking by exchange 
of commodities. 


BARVTERED, pp. Given in exchange. 

BaR^TER-ER, n. One who trafficks by exchange of com- 
modities. 

BAR'TER-ING, ppr. Trafficking or trading by an exchange 
of commodities. 

t BAR'TER-Y, n. Exchange of commodities in trade. 

BAR-THOL'O-MEW-TlDE, 71. The term near St. Barthol- 
omew’s day. Shak. 

BAR'TON, 77 . [Sax. dcre-toTi.] The demain lands of a man- 
or ; the manor itself, and sometimes the out-houses. 

BAIBTRAM, ?t. [L. pyrethrum.] A plant ; pellitory. 

BAR-Y-STRON'TIAN-ITE, n. [Gr. ^apvs, and stro 7 itin 7 i.] 
A mineral, called also stro7niiite, from Strom7iess, in Ork- 
ney^ 

BA-Ry'TA, 71 . The earth of barytes in a purified state. 

BA-RY'TES, 77 . [Gr. heavy ; jSapur;??, weight.] Pon- 
derous earth ; the heaviest of earthy substances. It is an 
oxyd of a metallic substance called barimn. 

BA-RYTTU, a. Pertaining to barytes ; formed of barytes, 
or containing it. Kirtcaxi. 

BAR'Y-TO-€AL'CITE, 71. A mixture of carbonate of lime 
with sulphate of barytes, of a dark, or light-gray color, of 
various forms. 

BAR'Y-TONE, a. [Gr. (ia^vg and rovog.] Pertaining to, or 
noting a grave, deep sound, or male voice. Walker. 

BARW-TONE, 77. 1. In 7nusic, a male voice, the compass 
of which partakes of the common base and the tenor. — 2. 
In Greek grmnmar, a verb which has no accent marked 
on the last syllable, the grave accent being understood. 

Ba'SAL, a. Pertaining to the base ; constituting the base. 
Say. 

BA-SALT', 71. A dark, grayish-black mineral or stone, 
sometimes bluish or brownish-black, and, w hen w ithered, 
the surface is grayish or reddish-browui. 

Bx\-S AL'TES, 77 . A kind of stone, of the hardness and color 
of iron, which is found in perpendicular blocks. 

BA-SALTT€, a. Pertaining to basalt j formed of or con- 
taining basalt. 

BA-SALT'I-FORM, a. In the form of basalt ; columnar. 

BA-SALT'INE, 77. 1 . Basaltic hornblend ; a variety of com- 
mon hornblend, so called from its being often found in 
basalt. 2. A column of basalt. 

BAS^A-NITE, 71. [Gr. ^aaavog.] Lydian stone, or black 
jasper ; a variety of siliceous or flinty slate. 

BASE, a. [Fr. 5as, low ; W.bas; Jt. basso.] 1. Low in 
place. [ 0 ^ 5 .] Spenser. 2. Mean ; vile ; w'ortbless ; that is, 
low in value or estimation ; used of things. 3. Of low 
station ; of mean account ; without rank, dignity, or esti- 
mation among men ; used of persons. 4. Of mean spirit ; 
disingenuous ; illiberal ; low ; without dignity of senti- 
ment. 5. Of little comparative value ; applied to 7netals. 
6 . Deep ; grave ; applied to sou7ids. 7. Of illegitimate 
birth; born out of wedlock. Shak. 8 . Not held by honor- 
able tenure. 

BASE, 77. [Gr. (Saaig ‘, L. Jas 7 S.] 1. The bottom of any 
thing, considered as its support, or the part of a thing on 
W'hich it stands or rests. — In architecture, the base of a 
pillar properly is that part which is between the top of a 
pedestal and the bottom of the shaft. Encyc. 2. The part 
of any ornament which hangs down, as housings. 3. 
The broad part of any thing, as the bottom of a cone. 4. 
Tlie place from which racers or tilters start •, the bottom 
of the field ; the starting post. 5. The lowest or gravest 
part in ixiusic. 6 . Arustic play, called also baijs, or pj’ison 
bars. — 7. In geometry, the lowest side of the perimeter 
of a figure. — 8 . In chemistry, any body which is dis- 
solved by another body, which it receives and fixes. 9. 
Thorough base, in music, is tlie part performed with base 
viols or theorbos, wfliile the voices sing, and other instru- 
ments perform their parts. 

BASE, v.t. 1. To embase ; to reduce the value by the ad- 
mixture of meaner metals. [Little used.] Bacon. 2. To 
found ; to lay the base or foundation. Edinburgh Review. 

BaSE'-BORN, a. 1. Born out of w'edlock. 2. Born of low 
parentage. 3. Vile ; mean. 

Ba 8 E'-CoURT, 71. [Fr. basse-cour.] The back yard, op- 
posed to the chief court in front of a house ; the farm yard. 

BASED, pp. Reduced in value ; founded. 

BASELESS, a. Without a base ; having no foundation, or 
support. 

BASE'LY, ffTfu. 1. In a base manner ; meanly; dishonora- 
bly. 2. Illegitimately ; in bastardy. 

BaSE'MENT, 77. In architecture, the ground floor, on 
which the order, or columns which decorate the principal 
story, are placed. 

BASE'-Mi ND-ED, a. Of a low spirit or mind ; mean. 

BaSE'-MiND'ED-NESS, 71 . Meanness of spirit. 

BASE'NESS, 71. 1. Meanness; vileness; worthlessness. 

2. Vileness of metal ; the quality of being of little cem- 
parative value. 3. Bastardy ; illegitimacy of birth. 4. 
Deepness of sound. 

BASE'NET, 77 . A helmet. Spenser. 

BASE'-STRING, 77. The lowest note. Shak 


* Sec SijnopsU. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BITLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


BAS 


74 


BAS 


BXSE^-VI-OL, n. A musical instrument, used for playing 
the base, or gravest part. Sec Bass-Viol. 


BASH, V. i. [Heb. To be ashamed ; to be confounded 

with shame. Spenser. 

BA-SHAW', n. [Ar. basha ,* Pers. pasha ; Sp. baza ; It. 
bascia ^ Turk, basch . — It should be written and pro- 
nounced pashaw.] 1. A title of honor in the Turkish do- 
minions ; appropriately^ the title of the prime vizier, but 
given to viceroys, or governors of provinces, and to gen- 
erals, and other men of distinction. 2. A proud, tyranni- 
cal, overbearing man. 

BASiPFUL, a. 1. Properly^ having a downcast look *, 
hence, very modest. 2. Modest to excess ; sheepish. 3. 
Exciting shame. 

BASH'FUL-LY, adv. Very modestly j in a timorous man- 
ner. 

BASIPFUL-NESS, v. 1. Excessive or extreme modesty ; a 
quality of mind often visible in external -appearance, as 
in blushing, a downcast look, confusion, <Stc. 2. Vicious 
or rustic shame. 

BASH'LESS, a. Shameless ; unblushing. Spenser. 

BAS'IL, n. The slope or angle of a tool or instrument, as of 
a chisel or plane. 

BAS'IL, V. t. To grind or form the edge of a tool to an an- 
gle. 

BAS'IL, n. [Fr. basilic ; It. basilico.'] A plant of the genus 
ocymurii. 

BAS'IL, n. The skin of a sheep tanned ; written also 
basan. 


BAS'IL-WEED, n. Wild basil, a plant of the genus clino- 
podium. Muhlenburff. 

BAS'1-LAR, I a. [See Basilic.] Chief ; an anatomical 
BASH-LA-RY, \ term applied to several bones, and to an 
artery of the brain . — Basilian monks^ monks of the order 


of St. Basil. 


BAS'I-LIC, n. [Gr. (SaaiXiKi].'] Anciently^ a public hall, or 
court of judicature, where princes and magistrates sat to 
administer justice. 

BAS'I-Ll€, n. The middle vein of the arm, or the interior 
branch of the axillary vein. 

BAS'I-LIC, ) a. 1. Belonging to the middle vein of tlie 

BA-SIL'I-CAL, ^ arm. 2. Noting a particular nut, the 
walnut. 3. Being in the manner of a public edifice, or 
cathedral. 


BA-SIL'I-CON, n. [Gr. Pa(n\LKog>] An ointment. 

BAS'I-LISK, n. [Gr. (^acnXiaKog.] 1. A fabulous serpent, 
called a cockatrice. — 2. In military affairs, a large piece 
of ordnance, so called from its supposed resemblance to 
the serpent of that name, or from its size. 

Ba'SIN, (ba'sn) n. [Fr. bassin.] 1. A hollow vessel or 
dish, to hold water for washing, and for various other 
uses. — 2. In hydraulics, any reservoir of water. 3. That 
which resembles a basin in containing water, as a pond. 
— 4. Among alass (trinders, a concave piece of metal, by 
which convex glasses are formed. — 5, Among hatters, a 
large shell or case, usually of iron, placed over a furnace, 
in which the hat is molded into due shape. — G. In anato- 
my, a round cavity between the anterior ventricles of 
the brain. 7. The scale of a balance, when hollow and 
round. 

Ba'SINED, a. Inclosed in a basin. Yountr. 

BA'SfS, n. ,* plu. Bases. [L.] 1. The foundation of any 

thing ; that on which a thing stands or lies ; the bottom 
or foot of the thing itself, or that on which it rests. [See 
Base.] 2. The ground-work, or first principle ; that 
which supports. 3. Foundation •, support. 4. Basis, in 
chemistry. See Base. 

BASK, V. i. To lie in Avarmth ; to be exposed to genial 
heat j to be at ease and thriving under benign influences. 

BASK, V. t. To warm by continued exposure to heat ; to 
warm with genial heat. Dryden. 

BASKED, pp. Exposed to warmth, or genial heat. 

BAS'KET, n. [W. basged, or basgawd.'] I. A domestic ves- 
sel made of twigs, rushes, splinters, or other flexible 
things interwoA’^ea. 2 The contents of a basket j as 
much as a basket will contain. 

BAS'KET, 7 L t. To put in a basket. Cowper. 

BAS'KET-FISH, n. A species of sea-star, or star-fish. 

BAS'KET-HILT, 71. A hilt which covers the hand, and 
defends it from injury, as of a sword. 

BAS'KET-HILT-ED, a. Having a hilt of basket-work. 

BAS'KET-SALT, n. Salt made from salt-springs. 

BAS'KET-WOM-AN, n. A woman Avho carries a basket to 
and from market. 

BASK'ING, pyr. Exposing or lying exposed to the continu- 
ed action of heat or genial warmth. 

BASK'ING-SHARK, n. The sun-fish of the Irish. 

BAS'Q,UISH, (bis'kish) a. Pertaining to the people or lan- 
guage of Biscay. 

BASS, 71. [It has no plural.] The name of several species 
of fish. 

BASS, 71. 1. The linden, lime, ortiel tree ; called also bass- 
wood. 2. [pron. fias.] A mat to kneel on in churches. 


BASS, 7 t. In music, the base ; the deepest or gravest part of 
a tune. This word is thus written, in imitation of the 
Italian basso, which is the Eng. base, low ; yet with the 
pronunciation of base and plural basesj a gross error that 
ought to be corrected ; as the word used in pronunciation 
is the English word base. 

BASS, V. t. To sound in a deep tone. Shak. 
BASS-RE-LIkF', n. In English, base-relief. [It. basso and 

relievo.'] Sculpture, whose figures do not stand out far 
from the ground or plane on which they are formed. 
When figures do not protuberate so as to exhibit the en- 
tire body, they are said to be done in relief and when 
they are low, flat, or little raised from the plane, the work 
is said to be in low relief. When the figures are so raised 
as to be well distinguished, they are said to be bold, 
strong, or high, alto relievo. See Relief. 

BASS'-Vi-OL, n. A musical instrument, used for playing 
the bass or gravest part. 

BAS'SA. See Bashaw. 

BAS'SET, 71. [Fr. bassette.] A game at cards. 

BAS SET, V. i. Among coal diggers, to incline upwards. 
BAS'SET-ING, ppr. Having a^direction upwards. 

BAS SET-ING, n. The upward direction of a vein in a coal 
mine. 

BAS'SO-CON-CER-TAN'TE, in music, is the base of the lit- 
tle chorus, or that which plays throughout the whole piece. 
BAS'SO-€ON-TiN'U-0. Thorough base, which see under 
Base. _ 

BAS'SO-RE-PIe'NO is the base of the grand chorus, which 
plays only occasionally, or in particular parts. 
BAS'SO-RE-LIk'VO. See Bass-relief. 
BAS'SO-VI-O-Ll'NO is the base of the base-viol. 

BAS'SOCK, n. The same as bass, a mat. 

BAS-SOON', n. [Fr. basson.] A musical wind instrument, 
blown with a reed, and furnished with eleven holes, 
which are stopped as in other large flutes. 

BAS-SOON'IST, 71. A performer on the bassoon. 

BAST, n. A rope, or cord, made of the bark of the lime- 
tree or linden. 

BAS'TARD, n. [Arm. bastard ; Ir. basdard ,* Fr. IcUard.] 
A natural child •, a child begotten and born out of wed 
lock •, an illegitimate or spurious child, 
t BAS'TARD, 71. A kind of sweet wine. Shak. 

BAS'TARD, a. 1. Begotten and born out of lawful matri- 
mony ; illegitimate. 2. Spurious j not genuine ; false ; 
supposititious ; adulterate. 

BAS'TARD, V. t. To make or determine to be a bastard. 
BAS'TARD-ISM, 71. The state of a bastard. 
BAS'TARD-IZE, v. t. 1. To make or prove to be a bastard ; 
to convict of being a bastard •, to declare legally, or decide 
a person to be illegitimate. 2. To beget a bastard. Shak. 
BAS TARD-LY, adv. In the manner of a bastard *, spuri- 
ously. Donne. 

BAS'TARD-LY, a. Spurious. Bp. Taylor. 

BAS'TARDS. An appellation given to a faction or troop of 
bandits, who ravaged Guienne, in France, in the 14th cen- 
tury. 

BAS'TARD-Y, n. A state of being a bastard, which condi- 
tion disables the person from inheriting an estate. 
BAS-TARN'I€, a. Pertaining to the Bastarnce. — Bastarnic 
Alps, the Carpathian mountains, so called from the an- 
cient inhabitants, the Bastarnee. 

BASTE, V. t. [Arm. bai ; Fr. baton.] 1. To beat with a 
stick. 2. To drip butter or fat upon meat, as it turns upon 
the spit, in roasting •, to moisten with fat or other liquid.. 
BASTE, V. t. [Sp. bastear.] To sew with long stitches ; to 
sew slightly. 

BaST'ED, pp. Beat with a stick ; moistened with fat or 
other matter in roasting 5 sewed together with long 
stitches, or slightly. 

t BaST'ER, n. A blow with a stick or other weapon. JVag- 
staffe. 

BAS'TILE, n. [Fr. bdtir, bastir.] An old castle in Paris, 
built between 1369 and 1383, used as a state prison. It 
was demolished in 1789. 

t B \S^ Tl" MF I”’ A rampart. 

BAS-TI-NaDE', or BAS-T1 -Na'DO, 77 . ^[Fr. bastminadc.] A 
sound beating with a stick or cudgel ; the blows given 
with a stick or staff. A punishment in use among the 
Turks, of beating an offender on the soles of his feet. 

BAS TI I ^ ‘ beat with a stick or cudgel. 

BaST'ING, ppr. Beating with a stick ; moistening with 
dripping ; sewing together with long stitches. 

BaST'ING, n. A beating with a stick ; a moistening with 
dripping *, a sewing together slightly, with long stitches. 
BAS'TION, (bas'chun) n. [Fr. and Sp. bastion.] A huge 
mass of earth, usually faced with sods, sometimes with 
brick or stones, standing out from a rampart, of which it 
is a principal part •, formerly called a bulwark. 

BAS'TO, n. The ace of clubs at quadrille. 

BAS'TON, or BA-TOON', 71. In architecture, a round mold- 
ing in the base of a column ; called also a tore. 


* See Synopsis. A, K, I, O, tJ, Y, long.— F\R, FALL, WHAT j— PREY j— PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


BAT 


75 


BAW 


BAT, n. [Sax. hat.] 1. A heavy stick or club. 2. Bat or 
bate, a small copper coin of Germany. 3. A term given 
by miners to shale, or bituminous shale. 

BAT, V. i. To manage a bat, or play with one. 

BAT, n. A race of quadrupeds, technically called vesper- 
tilio, of the order primates, in Linne’s system. The fore 
feet have the toes connected by a membrane, expanded 
into a kind of wings, by means of which the animals fly. 
The species are numerous. 

BAT -FOWL-Ell, n. One who practices or is pleased 
with bat- fowling. Barrington. 

BAT'-FOWL-ING, rt. A mode of catching birds at night, 
by holding a torch or other light, and beating the bush or 
perch where they roost. 

Ba'TA-BLE, a. Disputable. 

BA-Ta'TAS, n. A species of tick or mite. 

BA-Ta'VI-AN, a. Pertaining to Holland, or the isle of 
Betaw in Holland. 

BA-Ta'VI-AN, n. A native of Betaw, or Holland. 

BATCH, n. [D. hakiel.] 1. The quantity of bread baked 
at one time ; a baking of bread. 2. Any quantity of a 
thing made at once, or so united as to have like qualities. 

BATCH'E-LOR. Sec Bachelor. 

BATE, n. [Sax. hate.] Strife ; contention ; retained in 
make-hate. \Bate, with its derivatives, is little used.] 

BATE, V. t. [Fr. hattre.] To lessen by retrenching, de- 
ducting or reducing. We now use abate. 

BATE, V. i. To grow or become less j to remit or retrench 
a part. Dry den. 

t BaTE'-BREED-ING, a. Breeding strife. Shah. 

BaTE'FUL, a. Contentious j given to strife. 

B.yPE'LESS, a. Not to be abated. Shak. 

BaTE'MENT,7i. Abatement; deduction; diminution. 

BA-TEAU', (bat-to') n. [Fr.1 A light boat, long in propor- 
tion to its bi'eadth, and wider in the middle than at the 
ends. 

BAT'EN-ITES, BAT'EN-ISTS, or BA-Te'NI-ANS, n. A 
sect of apostates from Moharnmedism. 

tBAT'FUL, a. Rich, fertile, as land. Mason. 

BATH, 71. [Sax. bath, batho.] 1. A place for bathing; a 
vat or receptacle of water for persons to plunge or wash 
their bodies in, and is either warm or cold. 2. A place in 
which heat is applied to a body immersed in some sub- 
stance. 3. A house for bathing. 4. A Hebrew meas- 
ure containing the tenth of a homer, or seven gallons and 
four pints, as a measure for liquids ; and three pecks and 
three pints, as a dry measure. 

BATH'-ROOM, n. An apartment for bathing. 

BATHE, V. t. [Sax. bathian.] 1. To wash the body, or 
some part of it, by immersion, as in a bath. 2. To wash 
or moisten, for the purpose of making soft and supple, or 
for cleansing, as a wound. 3. To moisten or suffuse with 
a liquid. 

BATHE, V. i. To be or lie in a bath ; to be in water or in 
otlier liquid, or to be immersed in a fluid. 

BATHED, pp. Washed as in a bath ; moistened with a li- 
quid ; bedewed. 

BaTH'ER, 71. One who bathes. 

BATH'ING, ppr. Washing by immersion, or by applying a 
liquid ; moistening ; fomenting. 

BaTH'ING, 71. The act of bathing, or washing the body in 
water. Mason. 

BaTH'ING-TUB, 71. A vessel for bathing. 

Ba'THOS, n. [Gr. /5a0oj.] The art of sinking in poetry. 
Arbathnot. 

BAT'ING, ppr. Abating ; taking away ; deducting ; ex- 
cepting. Locke. 

BATHN-IST. See Batenites. 

BATTST, 71. A fine linen cloth. 

BAT'LET, n. A small bat, or square piece of wood with a 
handle, for beating linen. 

BAT'MAN, 71. A weight used in Smyrna. 

BA-TOON^, or BAT'ON, n. [Fr. baton.] A staff or club ; a 
marshal’s staff ; a truncheon ; a badge of military honors. 

B.A'PRA-CHTTE, n. [Gr. (^arpa^os.] A fossil or stone, in 
color resembling a frog. 

BAT'RA-€HOM-Y-OM'A-€HY, 71. [Gr. ^arpa^og, pvg, 
and pax^'] battle between the frogs and mice ; a 
burlesque poem ascribed to Homer. 

BA-TRa'CIAN, a. [Gr. (Sarpaxo^-] Pertaining to frogs ; 
an epithet designating an order of animals, including 
frogs, toads, &c. 

BA-TRa'CIAN, 77. An animal of the order above mentioned. 

fBAT'TA-BLE, a. Capable of cultivation. 

t BAT'TAI-LANT, 71. A combatant. Shelton. 

BAT'TAI-LOUS, a. Warlike ; having the form or appear- 
ance of an army arrayed for battle. 

BAT-TaL'IA, (bat-tale'ya) n. [Sp. batalla.] 1. The or- 
der of battle ; troops arrayed in their proper brigades, 
regiments, battalions, &c., as for action. 2. The main 
body of an army in array, distinguished from the wings. 

BAT-TAL'ION, 71. [Fr. bataillon.] A body of infantry, 
consisting of from 500 to 800 men. 


BAT-TAL'IONED, a. Formed into battalion^. Barlow. 

BAT'TEL, 71. [See Battle.] In law, wager of battel, S 
species of trial for the decision of causes between parties# 

BAT'TEL, 77. i. 1. To grow fat. [0^>5.] 2. To stand indebted 
in the college books at Oxford, for provisions and drink, 
from the buttery. Hence, a batteler answers to a sizer at 
Cambridge. 

BAT'TEL, 77. An account of the expenses of a student at 
Oxford. 

t BAT'TEL, a. Fertile ; fruitful. Hooker. 

BAT'TLE^^ ’ I student at Oxford. 

t BAT'TE-jNIENT, 77. [Fr.1 A beating ; striking ; impulse# 

BAT'TEN, (bat'tn) v. t. 1. To fatten ; to make fat ; to 
make plump by plenteous feeding. 2. To fertilize or en- 
rich land. 

BAT'TEN, V. i. To grow or become fat ; to live in luxury, 
or to grow fat in ease and luxury. 

BAT'TEN, 77. Apiece of board or scantling, of a few inches 
in breadth, used in making doors and windows. 

BAT'TEN, V. t. To form with battens. 

BAT'TER, V. t. [Fr. hattre.] 1. To beat with successive 
blows ; to beat with violence, so as to bruise, shake, or 
demolish. 2. To wear or impair with beating. 

BAT'TER, V. i. To swell, bulge, or stand out, as a timber 
or side of a wall from its foundation. 

BAT'TER, 77. A mixture of several ingredients, as flour, 
eggs, salt, (fee., beaten together with some liquor, used in 
cookery. 

BAT'TERED, pp. Beaten ; bruised, broken, impaired by 
beating or wearing. 

BAT'TER-ER, 77. One who batters or beats. 

BAT'TER-ING, ppr. Beating ; dashing against ; bruising 
or demolishing by beating. 

BAT^TER-ING-RAM, 77. Jn antiquity, a military engine 
used to beat down the walls of besieged places. 

BAT'TER-Y, 77. [Fr. batterie.] 1. The act of battering or 
beating. 2. The instrument of battering. — 3. In the mil- 
itary art, a parapet thrown up to cover the gunners, and 
others employed about them, from the enemy’s shot, with 
the guns employed. — 4. In law, the unlawful beating of 
another. — 5. Electrical battery, a number of coated jars 
placed in such a manner, that they may be charged at the 
same time, and discharged in the same manner. — G. Gal- 
vanic battery, a pile or series of plates, of copper and 
zink, or of any substances susceptible of galvanic action. 

BAT'TING, 77. The management of a bat play. 

BAT'TISH, a. Resemblin^a bat. Vernon. 

BAT'TLE, 77. [Fr. bataille.] 1. A fight, or encounter be- 
tween enemies, or opposing armies ; an engagement. 2. 
A body of forces, or division of an army. — A pitched bat- 
tle is one in whicli the armies are previously drawn up in 
form. 

BAT'TLE, V. i. [Fr. batailler ; Sp. hatallar.] To join in 
battle ; to contend in fight. 

BAT'TLE, V. t. To cover with armed force. 

BAT TLE-AR-RaY', 77. Array or order of battle ; the dis- 
position of forces preparatory to a battle. 

BAT'TLE-AX, 1 77. An axe anciently used as a weapon 

BAT'TLE-AXE, ) of war. 

BAT'TLE-DoOR, (bat'tl-dore) n. 1. An instrument of 
play, with a handle and a flat board or palm, used to 
strike a ball or shuttle-cock ; a racket. 2. A child’s horn- 
book. [JV’ot in use in U. S.] 

BAT'TLE-MENT, 77. A wall raised on a building with 
openings or embrasures, or the embrasure itself. 

BAT'TLE-MENT-ED, a. Secured by battlements. 

BAT'TLING, 77. Conflict. Thomson. 

BAT-TOL'O-GIST, 77. One that repeats the same thing in 
speaking or writing. [Little used.] 

BAT-TOL'O-GiZE, V. t. To repeat needlessly the same 
thing. Herbert. [Little 77sed.] 

BAT-TOL'O-GY, 77. [Gr. ^arro^oyia.] A needless repeti- 
tion of words in speaking. 

BAT'TON, 77. In commerce, pieces of wood or deal for floor- 
ing or other purposes. 

BAT^TO-RY, 77. Among the Hanse-Towns, a factory or mag- 
azine in foreign countries. 

BAT'TU-LATE, V. t. To interdict commerce. 

BAT-TU-La TION, 77. A prohibition of commerce. 

BAT'TY, a. Belonging to a bat. Shak. 

BATZ, 77. A small copper coin with a mixture of silver. 

BAU-BEE', 77. In Scotland and the Morth of England, a 
half-penny. 

BAU'BLE. SccBawble. 

BAUGE, 77. A drugget manufactured in Burgundy, with 
thread spun thick, and of coarse wool. 

BAULK. See Balk. 

BAV'A-ROY, 77. A kind of cloke or surtout. 

BAV'IN, 77. A stick like those bound up in fagots ; a piece 
of waste wood. — In war, fagots. 

BAW'BLE, 77. [Fr. habiole.] A trifling piece of finery ; a 
gewgaw ; that which is gay or showy without real 
value. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


BEA 


76 


BEA 


t BAWB^LfNG, a Trifling ; contemptible. Bhak. 

BA W'-GOCK, n. A fine fellow. Bhak. 

Bawd, n. a procurer or procuress. A person who keeps 
a house of prostitution, and conducts criminal intrigues. 

BAWD, V. i. ] To procure ; to provide women for lewd 
purposes. 2. To foul or dirty. [Wot tu Bkelton. 

BAWD'-BORN, a. Descended from a bawd. Skak. 

BAWD<I-LY, adv. Obscenely ; lewdly. 

BAWD'I-NESS, n. Obscenity ; lewdness. 

BAWD'RICK, n, Baldrick.] A belt. Chapman, 

BAWp'RY, w. 1. The practice of procuring women for the 
gratification of lust. 2. Obscenity j filthy, unchaste lan- 
guage. 


BAWDW, a. Obscene; filthy; unchaste. 

BA WD'Y-HOUSE, n. A house of prostitution. 

BAWL, V. i. [Sax. bellan.'\ To cry out with a loud, full 
sound ; to hoot ; to cry loud, as a child. 

BAWL, V. t. To proclaim by outcry, as a common crier. 

BAWLED, pp. Proclaimed by outcry. 

BAWL'ER, 11 . One who bawls. Eckard. 

BAWL'ING, ppr. Crying aloud. 

BAWL'ING, n. The act of crying with a loud sound. 

BX WN ^ I adorn ; to dress. Westmoreland. Eng. 

I BAWX, 11 . An inclosure with mud or stone walls for 
keeping cattle ; a fortification. 

BAW'REL, n. A kind of hawk. Todd. 

BAW'SIN, 71. A badger. B. Jonson. 

BAX-Tl'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Baxter. 

BAY, a. [Fr. hai or baie.^ Red, or reddish, inclining to a 
chestnut color ; applied to the color of horses. 

BAY, n. [Fr. bale ; Sp. Port, bakia.'] 1. An arm of the sea, 
extending into the land, not of any definite form, but 
smaller than a gulf, and larger than a creek. 2. A pond- 
head, or a pond formed by a dam, for the purpose of driv- 
ing mill-wheels. — 3. In a barn, a place between the floor 
and tlie end of the building, or a low, inclosed place, for 
depositing hay. — 4. In skips of rear, that part on each side 
between decks, which lies between the bitts. 5. Any kind 
of opening in walls. 

BAY, 11 . I. The laurel-tree. 2. Bays, in the plural, an hon- 
orary garland or crown, bestowed as a prize for victory, 
anciently made or consisting of branches of the laurel. — 
3. In some parts of the U. Btates, a tract of land covered 
with bay-trees. Drayton. 

BAY, n. [Goth, beidan.'] A state of expectation, watching 
or looking for ; as, to keep a man at bay. 

BAY”, V. i. [Fr. aboyer ; It. baiare.] 1. To bark, as a dog at 
his game. Spenser. 2. To encompass, or inclose, from 
bay. We now use embay. 

BAY, V. t. To bark at ; to follow with barking. 

BaY^'-SALT is salt which crystalizes or receives its con- 
sistence from the heat of the sun or action of the air. 

BaY'-WIN-DOW, n. A window jutting out from the wall, 
as in shops. 

BaY”'-YARN, n. A denomination sometimes used promis- 
cuously with woolen yarn. Chambers. 

BaY'ARD, n. 1. A bay horse. Philips. 2. An unmannerly 
beholder. B. Jonson. 

BaY”'ARD-LY, a. Blind ; stupid. Taylor. 

BAYED, a. Having bays, as a building. 

BaY’'' 0-NET, 71. [Fr. ba'ionette ; Sp. bayoneta ; It. baionct- 
ta ; so called, it is said, because the first bayonets were 
]iiade at Bayonne.] A short, pointed, broad dagger, fixed 
at the end of a musket. 

BAY 0-NET, V. t. 1. To stab with a bayonet. 2. To com- 
pel or drive by the bayonet. Burke. 

BAYS, or BAYZE. See Baize. 

BA-ZAR', 11 . [Pers. ; Russ, baiari.'] Among the Turks and 
Persians, an exchange, market-place, or place where 
goods are exposed to sale. 

BAZ'AT, or BAZ'A,ti. A long, fine spun cotton, from Jeru- 
salem, whence it is called Jerusalem cotton. 

BDELL'HJM, (deVyum) n. [L.] A gummy, resinous juice, 
produced by a tree in the East Indies. 

pp. been. [Sax. beon ; G. 


ppr. 


being 


BE, V. i. substantive , 

bin, hist ; D. freii.] 1. To be fixed ; to exist ; to have a 
real state or existence. 2. To be made to be ; to become. 
3. To remain. This verb is used as an auxiliary in form- 
ing the tenses of other verbs, and particularly in giving to 
them the passive form . — Let be is to omit, or to let alone. 

BE, a prefix, as in because, before, beset, bedeck, is the same 
word as by ; Sax. be, big ; Goth. bi. It denotes nearness, 
closeness,'about, on, at, from some root signifying to pass 
or to press. 

BEACH, 71. The shore of the sea, or of a lake, which is 
washed by the tide and waves ; tiie strand. 

BkACIJ'ED, a. Exposed to the waves ; washed by the tide 
and waves. Skak. 

BEACfl'Y, a. Having a beach or beaches. Skak. 

BkA'CON, (b5Mcn) n. [Sax. beacen, becen.] 1. A signal 
erected on a long pole, upon an eminence, consisting of a 
pitch barrel, or some combustible matter, to be fired at 
night, or to cause a smoke by day, to make known the aji- 


proach of an enemy. 2. A light-house. 3. Figuratively 
Diat which gives notice of danger. 

BeA'CON, V. t. To afford light as a beacon ; to light up. 

BeA^€ON-AGE, (be'kn-aje) n. Money paid for the mainte- 
nance of a beacon. Encyc. Ash. 

BEAD, n. [Ger. betke ; Sax. bead.] 1. A little perforated 
ball, to be strung on a thread, and worn about the neck, 
for ornament. 2. Any small globular body. — 3. In archi- 
tecture, a round molding. 

BeAD'-MA-KER, n. One who makes beads. 

BeAD'-PROOF, a. Spirit is bead-proof, wdien, after shak- 
ing, a crown of bubbles will stand on the surface. 

BeAD'-RoLL, 71. Among Catholics, a list or catalogue of 
persons, for the rest of whose souls they are to repeat a 
certain number of prayers, which they count by their 
beads. 

BeAD'-TREE, n. The azedarach, a species of nielia. 

BeADS'-MAN, n. A man employed in praying, generally 
m praying for another. 

Beads'- WOYPAN, n. A praying woman ; a woman who 
resides in an alms-house. Ash. 

BeA'DLE, 11 . [Sax. bydel, or hcedel.] 1. A messenger or cri- 
er of a court ; a servitor ; one who cites persons to a.ppear 
and answer. 2. An officer in a uni verity, whose chief 
business is to walk with a mace, before the masters, in a 
public procession ; or, as in America, before the president, 
trustees, faculty and students of a college. 3. A parish 
officer, whose business is to punish petty offenders. 

BeA'DLE-SHIP, n. Tlie office of a beadle. 

BeA'GLE, 11 . [Fr. biglc.] A small hound, or hunting dog. 

BEAK, 71. [D. bek.] 1. The bill or nib of a bird. 2. A 
pointed piece of wood, fortified with brass, resembling a 
beak, fastened to the end of ancient galleys, intended to 
pierce the vessels of an enemy. 3. Any thing ending in 
a point, like a beak. This, in America, is more generally 
pronounced peak. 

BEAK, V. t. Among cock-fighters, to take hold with the beak. 

BeAK'ED, a. Having a beak ; ending in a point, like a 

beak. 

BeAK'ER, 11 . [Ger. becher.] A cup or glass. 

BeAK'i-RON, (beek'I-urn) n. A bickern ; an iron tool, 
ending in a point, used by blacksmiths. 

BEAL, 71. A pimple ; a whelk ; a small inflammatory tu- 
mor ; a pustule. 

BEAL, V. i. To gather matter ; to swell and come to ahead, 
as a pimple. 

t BE-ALL, 71. All that is to be done. Shak. 

BEAM, 11 . [Sax. beam.] 1. The largest, or a principal piece 
in a building, that lies across the walls, and serves to sup- 
port the principal rafters. 2. Any large piece of timber. 
3. The part of a balance, from the ends of which the 
scales are suspended. 4. The part on the head of a stag, 
which bears the antlers, royals and tops. 5. The pole of 
a carriage, which runs between the horses. C. A cylinder 
of wood, making part of a loom, on which weavers wind 
the warp before weaving ; and this name is given also to 
the cylinder on which the cloth is rolled, as it is wove. 
7. The straight part or shank of an anchor. — 8. In ships, 
a great, main, cross timber, which holds the sides of a ship 
from falling together. 9. The main piece of a plow, in 
which the plow-tails are fixed, and by which it is drawn. 

BeAM'-BiRD, 71. In Yorkshire, England, the petty chaps, 
a species of motacilla. The spotted fl}^-catcher, a species 
of muscicapa. Ed. Encyc. 

Be AM'-TREE, n. A species of wild-service. The cratcegus 
aria . 

BEAM, n. [Sax. beam.] A ray of light, emitted from the 
sun, or other luminous body. 

BEAM, V. t. To send forth ; to emit. 

BEAM, V. i. To emit rays of light, or beams ; to shine. 

BeAM'ING, ppr. Emitting rays of light, or beams. 

BeAMMNG, 11 . ]. Radiation ; the emission or darting of 

light in rays. 2. The issuing of intellectual light. 

BeAM'LESI?, a. Emitting no rays of light. 

BeAM'Y'', a. 1. Emitting rays of light ; radiant ; shining. 
2. Resembling a beam in size and weight ; massy. 3. 
Having horns, or antlers. 

BEAN, 71. [Sax. bean.] A name given to several kinds of 
pulse. The varieties most usually cultivated are, the 
horse bean, the mazagan, the kidney bean, the cranberry 
bean, the lima bean, the frost bean, &c. 

BeAN'-€A-PER, 11 . A plant, a species of zygophyllum, a 
2 iative of warm climates. 

Bi<:AN'-€OD, n. A small fishing vessel or pilot boat. 

BeAN'-FED, a. Fed with beans. Shak. 

BeAN'-FLY, 11 . A beautiful fly, of a pale purple color. 

BeAN'-GOOSE, 11 . A species of anas, a bird. 

BeAN'-TRE-FOIL. The cytisus. Earn, of Plants. 

BeAN'-TRES-SEL, 71. An herb. 

BEAR, V. t. pret. bore ; pp. born, borne. [Sax. bceran, beran, 
bear an.] 1. To support ; to sustain. 2. To carry ; to con- 
vey ; to support and remove from place to place. 3. To 
wear ; to bear as a mark of authority or distinction ; as, 
to bear a sword. 4. To keep afloat. 5. To support or 


* Sec Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, tJ, Y, long.— FMl, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 


BEA 


77 


BEA 


sustain without sinking or yielding; to endure. 6. To 
entertain ; to carry in the mind. 7. To suffer ; to under- 
go. 8. To suffer without resentmentj or interference to 
prevent ; to have patience. 9. To admit or be capable of. 
iO. To bring forth or produce, as the fruit of plants, or the 
young of animals. 11. To give birth to, or be the native 
place of. 12. To possess and use as power ; to exercise. 
18. To gain or win. 14. To carry on, or maintain ; to 
have. 15. To show or exhibit ; to relate. 16. To sustain 
the effect, or be answerable for. 17. To sustain, as ex- 
pense ; to supply the means of paying. 18. To be the ob- 
ject of. 19. To behave ; to act in any character. Shak, 
20. To remove, or to endure the effects of ; and, hence, to 
give satisfaction for. 

To bear off, is to restrain ; to keep from approach ; and, in 
seamanship, to remove to a distance. — To bear down, is to 
impel or urge ; to overthrow or crush by force. — To bear 
down upon, to press to overtake ; to make all sail to come 
up with. — To bear hard, is to press or urM. — To hear on, 
is to press against ; also, to carry forward, to press, incite 
or animate. — To hear through, is to conduct or manage ; 
to support. — To bear out, is to maintain and support to 
the end ; to defend to the last. — To hear up, to support ; 
to keep from falling. — To bear up, to keep afloat. — To bear 
date, is to have the mark of time when written or exe- 
cuted.— To bear a price, is to have a certain price. — To 
bear a hand, in seamanship, is to make haste, be quick. 

BEAR, V, i. 1. To suffer, as with pain. 2. To be patient ; 
to endure. Dryden. 3. To produce, as fruit ; to be fruit- 
ful. 4. To take effect ; to succeed. 5. To act in any 
character. 6. To be situated as to the point of com- 
pass. 

To bear away, in navigation, is to change the course of a 
ship, when close hauled, or sailing with a side wind, and 
make her run before the wind. To hear up, is used in a 
like sense, from the act of hearing up the helm to the 
windward. — To bear down, is to drive or tend to. — To 
hear in, is to run or tend towards. — To bear up, is to tend 
or move towards ; to be supported ; to have fortitude. — 
To bear upon, or against, is to lean upon or against. — To 
bear against, to approach for attack or seizure. — To bear 
upon, to act upon ; to be pointed or situated so as to affect. 
To bear with, to endure what is unpleasing ; to be indul- 
gent. 

BEAR'-€LOTH, or BEAR'ING-€LOTH, n. A cloth in 
v/hich a new-born child is covered when earned to 
church to be baptized. 

BEAR, n. [Sax. bera ; Ger. b'dr.] 1. A wild quadruped, of 
tiie genus ttrsus. 2. The name of two constellations in 
the northern hemisphere, called the greater and lesser 
bear. In the tail of the lesser bear is the pole-star. 

BEAR'-BAIT-ING, n. The sport of baiting bears with dogs. 

BEAR'-BER-RY, n. A plant, a species of arbutus. 

BEAR'-BTND, n. A species of bind-weed. 

BEAR’S'-BREECH, n. Brank-ursine, or acanthus, a genus 
of plants. 

BEAR’S'-EAR, n. A name of primula auricula. 

BEAR’S-EAR SAN'I-€LE, n. A species of cortusa. 

BEAR'-FLY, n. An insect. Bacon. 

BEAR’S'-FOOT, n. A plant, a species of hellebore. 

BEAR'-G AR-DEN, n. A place where bears are kept. 

BEAR'-GAR-DEN, a. Rude ; turbulent. Todd. 

BEARMA’HEIiP, 77. The whelp of a bear. Shah. 

BEAR’.S'-W6RT, n. A plant. Shak. 

^ BEARD, (herd) n. [Sax. beard; 1). baard."] 1. The hair 
that grows on the chin, lips and adjacent parts of the face. 
A gray beard, and reverend beard, are terms for old age. 
2. Beard is sometimes used for the face. 3. The awn, or 
sharp prickles on the ears of corn. 4. A barb, or sharp 
point of an arrow, or other instrument, bent backward 
from the end, to prevent its being easily drawn out. 5. 
The beard or chuck of a horse, is that part which bears 
the curb of a bridle, underneath the lower mandible and 
above the chin. 6. The rays of a comet, emitted towards 
that part of the heaven to which its proper motion seems 
to direct it. 

* BEARD, (herd) v. t. 1. To take by the beard ; to seize, 
pluck or pull the beard. 2. To oppose to the face ; to set 
at defiance. 

* BEARD'ED, (berd'ed) a. 1. Having a beard. 2. Barbed 
or jagged, as an arrow. 

* BEARD'ED, (berd'ed) pp. Taken by the beard ; opposed 
to the face. 

^ BE ARD'-GRASS, n. A plant, the andropogon. 

* BEARD'ING, (berd'ing) ppr. Taking by the beard ; oppos- 
ing to the face. 

*BEARD'LESS, (berd'less) a. Without a beard ; young; 
not having arrived to manhood. 

*BEARD'LESS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being des- 
titute of beard. 

BEAR'ER, 71. [See Bear.] 1. One who bears, sustains, or 
carries ; a carrier. 2. One who wears any thing, as a 
badge or sword. 3. A tree or plant that yields its fruit. — 
4. In architecture, a post or brick wall between the ends 


of a piece of timber, to support it. — 5. In her aldry,ti figure 
in an achievement, placed by the .side of a shield, and 
seeming to support it. 

BEAR 'HERD, n. A man that tends bears. 

BEAR'ING, ppr. Supporting ; carrying ; producing. 

BEAR'ING, 71. 1. Gesture ; mien ; behavior. Shak. 2. The 
situation of an object, with respect to another object. — 3. 
In architecture,i\\e space between the two fixed extremes 
of a piece of timber.-^. In navigation, the situation of a 
distant object, with regard to a ship’s position, as on the 
bow, on the lee quarter, &c. — 5. In heraldry, coats of 
arms or figures of armories. 

BEAR'ISII, a. Partaking of the qualities of a bear. 

BEAR'LlKE, a. Resembling a bear. Shak. 

BEARN, 77. [Sax. Z>car 71 ; Goth. &arn.] A child. In Scot- 
land, bairn. Shak. 

BEAR' WARD, n. A keeper of bears. Shak. 

BEAST, 71. [Tr. biast,piasd ; Corn, bfst ; D. beest ; L. bes- 
tia ; Fr. b6te.] 1. Any four-footed animal, which may be 
used for labor, food or sport ; distmguished from fowls, 
insects, fishes and man. 2. An irrational animal. — 3. 
Figuratively, a brutal man. 4. A game at cards. Hence 
to beast. 

BEAST, v.t. A term at cards. 

BeAST'INGS. See Biestings. 

BeAST'ISH, a. Like a beast ; brutal. 

BeAST'LiKE, a. Like a beast ; bmtal. 

BeAST'LI-NESS, 77. Brutality ; coarseness ; vulgarity ; 
filthiness ; a practice contrary to the rules of humanity. 

BeAST'LY, a. 1. Like a beast ; brutal ; coarse ; filtliy. 2. 
Irving the form or nature of a beast. 

t BeAST'LY, adv. In the manner of a beast. 

IBEAT, V. t. pret. beat ; pp. beat, beaten. [Sax. bcatan.'] 1. 
To strike repeatedly ; to lay on repeated blows. 2, To 
strike an instrument of music ; to play on. 3. To break, 
bruise, comminute, or pulverize by beating or pounding. 
4. To extend by beating, as gold or other malleable sub- 
stance ; or to hammer into any form ; to forge. 5. To 
strike bushes ; to shake by beating, oi to make a noise to 
rouse game. 6. To thresh ; to force out corn from the 
husk by blows. 7. To break, mix or agitate by beating. 
8. To dash or strike, as water ; to strike or brush, as 
wind. 9. To tread, as a path. 10. To overcome in a bat- 
tle, contest or strife ; to vanquish or conquer. 11. To har- 
ass ; to exercise severely ; to overlabor. 

To beat down, to break, destroy, throw down ; to press 
down. Shak. To lower the price ; to depress or crush. — 
To beat back, to compel to retire or return. — To beat into, 
to teach or instill. — To beat up, to attack suddenly ; to 
alarm or disturb. — To beat the wing, to flutter ; to move 
with fluttering agitation. — To beat off, to repel or drive 
back. — To heat the hoof, to walk ; to go on foot. — To beat 
time, to measure or regulate time in music by the motion 
of the hand or foot. — To beat out, to extend by hammer- 
ing. In popular use, to be beat out, is to be extremely fa- 
tigued. 

BEAT, v.i. 1. To move with pulsation. 2. To dash with 
force, as a storm, flood, passion, «fec. 3. To knock at a 
door. 4. To fluctuate ; to be in agitation. 

To beat about, to try to find ; to search by various means or 
ways. — To beat upon, to act upon with violence. — To beat 
up for soldiers, is to go about to enlist men into the army. 
— In seamanship, to beat is to make progress against the 
direction of the wind, by sailing in a zigzag line or trav- 
erse. — VVith hunters, a stag beats up and down, when he 
runs first one way and tlien another. 

BEAT, 77. 1. A stroke ; a striking ; a blow, whether witli 
the hand, or with a weapon. 2. A pulsation. 3. The 
rise or fall of the hand or foot, in regulating the divisions 
of time in music. 4. A transient grace-note in music, 
struck immediately before the note it is intended to orna- 
ment. 

BEAT, 1 pp. Struck ; dashed against ; pressed or laid 

BeAT'EN, ) down ; hammered ; pounded ; vanquished ; 
made smooth by treading ; worn by use ; tracked. 

BeAT'ER, 77. 1. One who beats, or strikes ; one whose oc- 
cupation is to hammer metals. 2. An instrument for 
pounding, or comminuting substances. 

BeAT'ER-UP, 77. One who beats for game. 

t BEATH, V. t. To bathe. Spenser. 

BE-A-TIF'I€, ) a. [L. beatus and facio.1 That lias the 

BE-A-T1F'I-€AL, ^ power to bless or make happy ; used 
only of heavenly fruition after death ; as, beatific vision. 

BE-A-TIF'I-OAL'LY, adv. In such a manner as to com- 
plete happiness. 

BE-AT-l-FI-€A'TION, n. In the Romish church, an act of 
the pope, by which he declares a person beatified or bless- 
ed after death. 

BE-AT'I-FY, v.t. [L. beatus uudf ado. 1. To make hap- 
py : to bless with the completion of celestial enjoyment. 
2. In the Romish church, to declare, by a decree or public 
act, that a person is received into heaven, and is to be 
reverenced as blessed, though not canonized. 

BeAT'ING, ppr. Laying on blows; striking; dashing 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6 VE ; — BULL, UNITE. — O asK;GasJ; SasZ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. I Obsolete. 


BED 


BEC 78 

ISigaitist ; conquering ; pounding j sailing against the di- 
rection of the wind, &c. 

JBeAT'ING, n. The act of striking or giving blows , pun- 
ishment or chastisement by blows. 

BE-ATl-TUDE, [h.beatitudv.] 1. Blessedness*, felicity 
of the highest kind j consummate bliss ; used of the joys 
of heaven. 2. The declaration of blessedness made by 
our Savior to particular virtues. 

BEAU, i^bo) n. plu. Beaux. [Fr. beau,."] A man of dress ; a 
fine, gay man j one whose great care is to deck his per- 
son. In familiar langua^e^ a man who attends a lady. 

BEAUTSH, (bofish) a. Like a beau ; foppish j fine. 

BEAU-MONDE, (bo-mond') n. [Fr. beau and monde.^ The 
fashionable world *, people of mshion and gayety. Prior. 

BEAU'TE-OUS, (bu'te-us) a. Very fair j elegant in form ; 
pleasing to the sight ; beautiful ; very handsome. It ex- 
presses a greater degree of beauty than handsome, and is 
chiefly used in poetry. 

BEAu'TE-OUS-LY, adv. In a beauteous manner ; in a 
manner pleasing to the sight ; beautifully. 

BEAu'TE-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
beauteousj beauty. 

BEAC'TI-Fl-ER, n. He or that which makes beautiful. 

BEAU'TI-FUL, a. 1. Elegant in form ; fair ; having the 
form that pleases the eye. It expresses more than hand- 
some. 2. Having the qualities which constitute beauty, 
or that which pleases the senses other than the sight ; as, 
a beautiful sound. 

BEAu'TI-FUL-LY, (bu'te-ful-Iy) adv. In a beautiful man- 
ner. 

BEAu'TI-FUL-NESS, (bu'te-ful-nes) n. Elegance of form j 
beauty ; the quality of being beautiful. 

BEAu'TI-FY, (bu'te-fl) v. t. [beauty, and L. facio.'] To 
make or render beautiful ; to adorn ; to deck j to grace ; 
to add beauty to ; to embellish. 

BEAU'TI-FV, (bu'te-fl) v. i. To become beautiful ; to ad- 
vance in beauty, jiddison. 

BEAu'TI-FV-IjSG, 71. The act of rendering beautiful. Bp. 
Taylor. 

t BEAU'TI-LESS, a Without beauty. Hammond. 

BEAu'TY, (bu'ty) 71. [Fr. beaute.'] 1. An assemblage of 
graces, or an assemblage of properties in the form of the 
person or any other object, which pleases the eye. 2. A 
particular grace, feature or ornament ; any particular 
thing which is beautiful and pleasing. 3. A particular 
excellence, or a part which surpasses in excellence that 
with which it is united. 4. A beautiful person. 5. In 
the arts, symmetry of parts *, harmony ; justness of com- 
position. 6. Joy and gladness. Is. Ixi. Order, prosperity, 
peace, holiness. Eiek. xvi. 

I BEAtj'TY, (bu'ty) v. t. To adorn ; to beautify or embel- 
lish. Sliak. 

BEAu'TY-SPOT, (bu'te-spot) n. A patch ; a foil j a spot 
placed on the face to heighten beauty. 

P.EAu'TY-WaN-ING, a. Declining in beauty. Shak. 

BeA'VER, 7t. [Sax. befor.] 1. An amphibious quadruped, 
of the genus castor, valuable for its fur, and remarkable 
for its ingenuity in constructing its lodges or habitations. 

2. The fur of the beaver, and a hat made of the fur ; also, 
a part of a helmet that covers the face. 

BkA'VERED, a. Covered with or wearing a beaver. 

t BE-BLEED', V. t. To make bloody. Chapiter. 

I BF BL60D' Y | bloody. Sheldon. 

t BE-BLOT', v.^t. To blot ; to stain. Chaucer. 

BE-BLUB’BERED, a. Foul or swelled with weeping. 

BEG-A-BUN'GA, n. Brooklime speedwell ; veronica beca- 
Imnga ; a plant. 

BE€-A-Fi'€0, n. A fig-pecker j a bird like a nightingale, 
which feeds on figs. 

BE-CALM', (be-cdm') v. t. 1. To still ; to make quiet ; to 
appease ; to stop, or repress motion in a body. 2. To in- 
tercept the current of wind, so as to prevent motion. 

BE-€ALM'ED, (be-ciimd') pp. 1. Uuieted ; appeased. 2. 
a. Hindered from motion or progress by a calm. 

BE-€ALM'ING, (be-cam'ing) ppr. Appeasing j keeping 
from motion or progress. 

BE-CALM'ING, (be-cam'ing) n. A calm at sea. 

BE-CaME', pret. of become. See Become. 

BE-CAUSE', [Sax. be, for by, and cause.] By cause, or 
by the cause j on this account *, for the cause which 
is explained in the next proposition ; for the reason 
next explained. 

BE-CHARM', V. t. To charm *, to captivate. 

BE-CHANCE', v. i. To befall ; to happen to. Shak. 

Be'CHIC, n. [Gr. /?p;:^i#ca.] A medicine for relieving coughs, 
synonymous with pectoral. 

t BBCK, 71. [Sax. becc.\ A small brook. Gray. 

BECK, 71 . [Sax. ftcacn.J A nod of the head ; a significant 
nod, intended to be understood by some person, especially 
os a sign of command. 

BECK, v. i. To nod or make a sign with the head. 

BECK, v. t. To call by a nod ; to intimate a command to ; 
to notify by a motion of the head. 


BECKED, pp. Called or notified by a nod. 

BECK ET, 71. A thing used in ships to confine loose ropei, 
tackles or spars. 

BECK'ING, ppr. Nodding significantly ; directing by a nod. 
BECK'ON, (bek'kn) v. i. [See Beck.] To make a sign to 
another, by nodding, winlcing, or a motion of the hand of 
finger, &c. 

BECK'ON, (bek'kn) v. t. To make a significant sign to. 
BECK'ON, 71. A sign without words. Bolingbroke. 
BECK'ONED, pp. Having a sign made to. 

BECK'ON-ING, ppr. Making a significant sign, as a hint, 
t BE-CLIP', V. t. [Sax. beclyppan.] To embrace. 
BE-CLOUD', V. t. To cloud ; to obscure ; to dim. 
BE-C6ME', (be-cum') v. i. pret. became, pp. become. [Sax. 
becuman ; D. bekoomen ; G. bekommen.] 1. To pass from 
one state to another ; to enter into some state or condi- 
tion. 2. To become of, usually with what preceding j to 
be the fate of j to be the end of. 

BE-C6ME', V. t. In general, to suit or be suitable to ; to be 
congruous to *, to befit *, to accord with, in character or 
circumstances *, to be worthy of, decent or proper. 
BE-€6M'ING, ppr., but used rarely or never except as an 
adjective. Fit ; suitable j congruous *, proper *, graceful ; 
belonging to the character, or adapted to circumstances, 
t BE-G6M'ING, n. Ornament. Shak. 

BE-€6M'ING-LY, adv. After a becoming or proper man- 
ner. 

BE-€oM'ING-NESS, n. Fitness ; enngruity j propriety ; 

decency ; gracefulness arising from fitness. 
BE-€R1P'PLE, V. t. To make lame : to cripple. [L. u.] 
t BE-GURL', t. To curl. 

BED, 71. [Sax. bed.] 1. A place or an article of furniture to 
sleep and lake rest on. 2. Lodging ; a convenient place 
for sleep. 3. Marriage ; matrimonial connection. 4. A 
plat or level piece of ground in a garden, usually a little 
raised above the adjoining ground. 5. The channel of a 
river, or that part in which the water usually flows. 6. 
Any hollow place, especially in the arts ; a hollow place, 
in which any thing rests. 7. A layer *, a stratum ; an 
extended mass of any thing, whether upon the earth or 
within it. — To make a bed, is to put it in order. — To bring 
to bed, to deliver of a child, is rarely used *, but, in the 
passive form, to he brought to bed, that is, to be delivered 
of a child, is common. — To put to bed, in midwifery, is to 
deliver of a child. — From bed and board. In law, a separa- 
tion of man and wife, without dissolving the bands of 
matrimony, is called a separation from bed and board, a 
mensa et thoro. 

BED, V. t. 1. To place in a bed. Bacon. 2. To go to bed 
with. [Unusual.] Shak. 3. To make partaker of the bed. 
Bacon. 4. To plant and inclose or cover ; to set or lay 
and inclose. 5. To lay in any hollow place, surrounded or 
inclosed. 6. To lay in a place of rest or security, cover- 
ed, surrounded or inclosed. 7. To lay in a stratum j to 
stratify j to lay in order, or flat. 

BED, V. i. To cohabit ; to use the same bed. 

BE-DAB'BLE, v.. t. To wet *, to sprinkle. Shak. 
BE-DAB'BLED, pp. Wet*, sprinkled. 

BE-DAB'BLING, pjrr. Wetting ; sprinkling, 
t BE-DAFF', V. t. To make a fool of. Chaucer. 
BE-DAG'GLE, v. t. To soil, as clothes, by drawing the 
ends in the mud, or spattering them with dirty water. 
BE-DAG GLED, pp. Soiled by reaching the mud in walk- 
ing ; bespattering. 

t BE-DaRE', V. t. To dare ; to defy. Peele. 
t BE-DARK', V. t. To darken. Gotcer. 
t BE-DARK'EN, v. t. To obscure *, to darken. 

BE-DASH', V. t. To wet, by throwing water or other liquor 
upon ; to bespatter with water or mud. 

BE-DASH'ED, (be-dasht') pp. Bespattered with water or 
other liquid. 

BE-DASH'ING, ppr. Bespattering *, dashing water upon, or 
other liquid. 

BE-DAUB', V. t. To daub over ; to besmear with viscous, 
slimy matter j to soil with any thing thick and dirty. 
BE-DAUB'ED, (be-daubd') pp. Daubed over ; besmeared. 
BE-DAUB'TNG, ppr. Daubing over *, besmearing. 
BE-DAZ'ZLE, v. f. To confound the sight by too strong a 
light ; to make dim by lustre. 

BE-DAZ'ZLED, pp. Having the sight confounded by too 
strong a light. 

BE-DAZ'ZLING, ppr. Confounding or making dim by a too 
brillianj; lustre. 

BED CHaM-BER, 71. An apartment or chamber for a bed, 
or for sleep and repose. 

BED'-CIiOTHES, n. plu. Blankets, or coverlets, «Stc., for 
beds. See Ceothes. 

BED'DED, pp. Laid in a bed *, inclosed as in a bed. 
BED'DER, or BE-DET'TER, n. The nether stone of an 
oil mill. Todd. 

BED'DING, ppr. Laying in a bed ; inclosing as in a bed. 
BED'DING, n. A bed and its furniture ; a bed ; the mate- 
rials of a bed, whether for man or beast. 

BE-DEAD', V. t. To deaden. Hallywell. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, 0, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT j— PR]£Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— | Obsolete. 


BEE 


79 BEF 


BE-l)BCK^ V. t. To deck ; to adorn ; to grace. Shak. 
BE-DECK*ED, (be-dekt') pp. Adorned ; ornamented. 
BE-DECK'ING, ppr. Adorning •, decking, 
t BfcDE'HOUSE, n. Formerly^ a liospital or alms-house. 
BE'DEL, n. An olficer in the universities of England. [A 
peculiar orthography of beadle.] 

BE'DEL-RY, n. Ti'he extent of a bedel’s office. Blount. 
BE-DEW'/, V. t. To moisten, as with dew j to moisten in a 
gentle manner with any liquid. 

BE-I)EVV'ED, (be-dewd') Moistened, as if with dew ; 
gently moistened. 

BE-DEW'ER, 71. That which bedews. Sherwood. 
BE-DEVV'ING, ppr. Moistening gently, as with dew j wet- 
ting. 

BE-DEW'Y, a. Moist with dew. [Little used.] 
BED'FEL-LoW, n. One who lies in the same bed. Shak. 
BED HANG-IXGS, n. Curtains. Shak. 

BE-DTGHT', (be-dite') v. t. To adorn j to dress j to set off 
with ornaments. [Little ^csed.] 

BE-DTGHTED, pp. Adorned ; set off with ornaments. 
BE-DIGHT'ING, ppr. Adorning. 

BE-DIM', V. t. To make dim ; to obscure or darken. 
BE-DIM'MED, (be-dimd') pp. Made dim •, obscured. 
BE-DIM'MING, ppr. Making dim •, obscuring ; darkening. 
BE-DIS'MAL, V. t. To make dismal. Student. 

E-DIZ'EN, (be-diz'zn) v. t. To adorn ; to deck j a low word. 
BE-DIZ'ENED, pp. Bedecked j adorned. 

BE-DIZ'EN-ING, ppr. Adorning. 

BEIVLAM, n. [corrupted from Bethlehem, the name of a 
religious house in London, afterward converted into a 
hospital for lunatics.] I. A mad-house ; a place appropri- 
ated for lunatics. 2. A madman ; a lunatic j one who 
.ives in Bedlam. 3. A place of uproar. 

BED'LAM, a. Belonging to a mad-house. Shak. 
BED'LAM-ITE, n. An inhabitant of a mad-house ; a mad- 
man. 

BED'Ma-KER, n. One whose occupation is to make beds, 
as in a college or university. 

BED'MATE, n. A bed-fellow. Shak. 

EED'-MoLD-ING, n. Jn architecture, the members of a 
cornice, which are placed below the coronet, 
t BE-DoTE', V. t. To make to dote. Chaucer. 

BEDToST, n. The post of a bedstead. 

BED'PRES-SER, n. A lazy fellow j one who loves his bed. 
Shak. 

BE-DRAG'GLE, v. t. To soil, as garments which are suf- 
fered, in walking, to reach the dirt. 

BE-DRAG'GLED, pp. Soiled by reaching the dirt in walk- 
ing. 

BE-DRAG'GLING, ppr. Soiling by drawing along in dirt or 
mud. 

BE-DRENCH , v.t. To drench ; to soak j to saturate with 
moisture. Shak. 

BE-DRENCH'ED, (be-drencht') pp. Drenched ; soaked. 
BE-DRENCH'ING, ppr. Soaking ; drenching. 

BED RID, ^ a. Confined to the bed by age or infirm- 
EED RID-DEN, ) ity. Shak. 

BED RiTE, 71. The privilege of the marriage bed. 
BED'ROOM, n. 1. A room or apartment intended or used for 
a bed j a lodging room. 2. Room in a bed. [JV'ot in v^e.] 
Shak. 

BE-DROP', V. t. To sprinkle, as with drops. 

BE-DROP'PED, (be-dropt') pp. Sprinkled as with drops j 
speckled j variegated with spots. 

BED SIDE, n. The side of the bed. Jiliddleton. 

BED STAFF, n. A wooden pin anciently inserted on the 
sides of bedsteads, to keep the clothes from slipping on 
either side. 

BED STEAD, (bed'sted) n. A frame for supporting a bed. 
BED'STRAW, v. Straw laid under a bed to make it soft ; 
also, the name of a plant. 

BED'SWERV-ER, n. One that swerves from his bed ; that 
is, one who is unfaithful to the marriage vow. Shak. 
BED'TTME, n. The time to go to rest j the usual hour of 
going to bed. Shak. 

BE-DUCK', ??. t. To duck *, to put the head under water ; 
to immerse. Spenser. 

t BE-DUXG', V. t. To manure with dung. Bp. Hall. 
f BE-DUSK', V. t. To smutch. Cotgrave. 

BE-DUST/, V. t. To sprinkle, soil, or cover with dust. 
BED'WARD, ado. Toward bed. Shak. 

BE-DWARF', V. t. To make little ; to stunt, or hinder 
growth. Donne. 

BED'VVoRK, 71. Work done'in bed, without toil of the 
hands, or with ease. Shak. 

BE-D^'E', (be-dl') v. t. To dye ; to stain. Spenser. 
BE-DY'ED, (be-dIdeO pp. Dyed •, stained. 

BEE, 71. [Sax. bco ,* D. bye.] An insect of the genus apis. 
The species are numerous, of which the honey-bee is the 
most interesting to man. 

BEE'-BREAD, n. The i>ollen of flowers collected by bees, 
as food for their young. 

BEE'-eAT-ER, n. A bird that feeds on bees. 
BEE'-FLOW-ER, n. A plant ; a species of ophrys. 


BEE'-GAR-DEN, n. A garden, or in closure to set he& 
hives in. 

BEE'-GLUE., 71. A soft, unctuous matter, with which bee« 
cement the combs to the hives, and close up the cells } 
called also propolis. 

BEE'-IilVE, n. A case, box, or other hollow vessel, which 
serves as a habitation for bees. 

BEE'-MAS-TER, 71. One who keeps bees. 

BEECH, n. [Sax. bece, boc.] A tree arranged by Linne un- 
der the genus /a^w5. 

BEECH'-CoAIj, n. Charcoal from beech wood. 

BEECH'EX, (bee'chn) a. Consisting of the wood or bark 
of the beech -, belonging to the beech. 

BEECH'MAST, 71. Ihe fruit or nuts of the beech. 

BEECH^-Ol L, 71. Oil expressed from the mast or nuts of the 

l-t l*P A 

BEEC1P-Tr‘eE, 71. The beech. 

BEEF, 71. [Fr. bccuf, beuf ] 1. An animal of the bovine 
genus, whether ox, bull, or cow. In this, which is the 
original sense, the word has a plural, beeves. 2. The 
flesh of an ox, bull, or cow, when killed. 

BEEF, a. Consisting of the flesh of the ox, or bovine kind. 

BEEF'-eAT-ER, n. 1. One that eats beef- 2. A yeoman 
of the guards, in England. 3. The buphaga, an African bird. 

BEEF'-feTEAK, n. A steak or slice of beef for broiluig. 

BEEF^-WIT-TED, a. Dull in intellects j stupid j heavy- 
headed. Shak. 

f BEELD, 71. [Sax. behlydan.] Protection ; refuge. Fairfax. 

BEE'MOL, 71. In music, a half note. Bacon. 

BEEX, (bin) [Sax Z»eo7t.] Part. perf. of tc. In old authors, 
it is also the present tense plural of he. 

BEEX, 71. A fretted stringed instrument of music, having 
nineteen frets ; used in India. 

BEER, n. [W. Ur ; Fr. biere.] 1. A spirituous liquor made 
from any farinaceous grain *, but generally from barley, 
with the addition of hops. 2. Beer is a name given in 
America to fermenting liquors made of various other ma- 
t0r*i£ils 

BEER'-BAR-REL, 7i. A barrel for holding beer. 

BEEIF-HOUSE, n. A house where malt liquors are sold j 
an ale-house. 

BEEST IXGS. See Biestings. 

BEET, 71. [D. biet ; Ger. bccte.] A plant of the genus beta. 

BEE'TLE, n. [Sax. bill or bytl, a mallet ; betel, the insect, 
beetle.] 1. A heavy mallet or wooden hammer, used to 
drive wedges, &c. — 2. In zoology, a genus of insects, the 
scarabceus, of many species. 

BEE'TLE, V. i. To jut ; to be prominent ; to hang or e.x- 
tend out. 

BEE'TLE-BROW, n. A prominent brow. 

BEE'TLE-BROWED, a. Having prominent brows. 

BEE'TLE-HEAD, n. A stupid fellow. Scot. 

BEE'TLE-HEADED, a. Having a head like a beetle ; dull j 
stupid. Shak. 

BEE'TLE-STOCK, 71. The handle of a beetle. 

BEE'TLIXG, ppr. Jutting ; being prominent. 

BEET/-RAVE, or BEET'-RAD-ISH, n. A kmd of beet, 
used for salad. Ash. 

BEEVES, n. plu. of beef. Cattle ; quadrupeds of the bovine 
genus, called, in England, black cattle. 

BE-FALL', V. t. pret. befell ; part, befallen. [Sax. befeel- 
Zrtji.j To happen to 5 to occur to. It usually denotes ill. 

BE-FALL', V. i. To happen *, to come to pass. 

BE-FALIi'ING, ppr. Happening to j occurring to ; coming 
to pass. 

BE-FELL', pret. of befall. 

BE-FIT', V. t. To suit ; to be suitable to ; to become. 

BE-FIT'TIXG, j)pr. or a. Suiting ; becoming. 

BE-FoAM', V. t. To cover with foam. [Little used.] 

BE-FOOL', 7;. t. To fool ; to infatuate ; to delude. 

BE-FOOL'ED, (be-foold') pp. Fooled j deceived \ led into 
error. 

BE-FOOL'IX^G, ppr. Fooling j making a fool of ; deceiving ; 
infatuating. 

BE-FoRE', yrep. [Sax. or &c/o7’a?i.] 1. In front ; on 

the side with the face, at any distance ; used of persons. 
2. In presence of, with the idea of power, authority, re- 
spect. 3. In sight of; as, before tlio face. 4. In the 
presence of, noting cognizance or jurisdiction. 5. In the 
power of, noting the right or ability to choose or possess ; 
free to the choice. G. In front of any object. 7. Preced- 
ing in time. 8. In preference to. 9. Superior ; preceding 
indignity. 10. Prior to ; having prior right ; preceding in 
order. 11. Previous to ; in previous order ; in order to. 
12. Before the wind, is to move in the direction of the 
wind by its impulse. 

BE-FoRE', adv. 1. In time preceding. 2. In time preced- 
ing, to the present, or to this time ; hitherto. 3. Further 
onward in place, in progress, or in front. 4. Jn front ; on 
the fore part. 

BE-FoRE'HAND, adv. 1. In a state of anticipation or 
preoccupation ; often followed by with. 2. Antecedent- 
ly ; by way of preparation or preliminary ; aforetime. 3. 
In a state of accumulation, so as that more has been 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BIJLL, UNITE.—G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


BEG 80 BEH 


received than expended. 4. At first j before any thing is 
done. 

t BE-FoRE'-TIME, adv. Formerly ; of old time. 

BE-FOR'TUNE, v. t. To happen to ; to betide. 

J3E-FOUL', V. t. [Sax. befylanA To make foul ; to soil. 

BE-FRIEND', (be-frend') t. To favor j to act as a friend 
to ; to countenance, aid, or benefit. 

BE-FRIEND'ED, pp. Favored j countenanced. 

BE-FRlEi\DTNG, ppr. Favoring j assisting as a friend; 
showing kindness to. 

BE-FRIA’OrE', (be-frinj') v. t. To furnish with a fringe ; to 
adorn as with fringe. 

BE FRING'ED, (be-frinjd') pp. Adorned as with a fringe. 

BEG, or BEV, n. [the Turks write this word begh, or bek, 
but pronounce it bey (ba.)] In the Turkish dominions, a 
governor of a town or country ; more particularly, the 
lord of a sangiac or banner. — In Tunis, the beg, or bey, is 
the prince or king, answering to the dey of Algiers. 

BEG, V. t. 1. To ask earnestly ; to beseech ; to entreat or 
supplicate with humility. 2. To ask or supplicate in char- 
ity. 3. To take for granted ; to assume Avithout proof. 

BEG, V. i. To ask alms or charity ; to practice begging ; to 
live by asking alms. 

BE-GET^, V, t. pret. begot, begat ; pp. begot, begotten. [Sax. 
begetan.] 1. To procreate, as a father or sire ; to generate. 
2. To produce, as an effect ; to cause to exist ; to gen- 
erate. 

BE-GET'TER, n. One who begets or procreates ; a father. 

BEG'GA-BLE, a. That may be begged. Butler. 

BEG^GAR, 71. 1. One that lives by asking alms, or makes 
it his business to beg for charity. 2. One who supplicates 
with humility ; a petitioner. 3. One who assumes in ar- 
gument what he does not prove. 

BEG^GAR, V. t. 1. To reduce to beggary ; to impoverish. 
2. To deprive or make destitute ; to exhaust. 

BEG'GARED, pp. Reduced to extreme poverty. 

BEG'GAR-ING, ppr. Reducing to indigence or a state of 
beggary. 

BEG'GAR-LI-NESS, n. The state of being beggarly ; mean- 
ness ; extreme poverty. Barret. 

BEG'GAR-LY, a. Mean ; poor ; in the condition of a beg- 
gar ; extremely indigent. Shak. 

BEG'GAR-LY, adv. Meanly; indigently; despicably. 

BEG'GAR-MAID, n. A maid that is a beggar. Shak. 

BEG'GAR-MAN, n. A man that is a beggar. Shak. 

BEG'G AR-WoM-AN, n. A female beggar. Shak. 

BEG^GAR-Y, n. A state of extreme indigence. 

BEGGED, pp. Entreated ; supplicated ; asked in charity. 

BEG'GING, ppr. Asking alms ; supplicating ; assuming 
Avithout proof. 

BEG'GING, n. The act of soliciting alms ; the practice of 
asking alms. 

BE-GHXRDS', or BE-GUARDS', n. A religious order of St. 
Francis. 

BE-GILT^, a. Gilded. B. Jonson. 

BE-GIN', V. i. pret. began ,* pp. begun. [Sax. gynnan, agin- 
nan, and beginnan.] 1. To have an original or first exist- 
ence ; to take rise ; to commence. 2. To do the first 
act ; to enter upon something new ; to take the first step. 

BE-GIN', V. t. 1. To do the first act of any thing ; to enter 
on ; to commence. 2. To trace from any thing, as the 
first ground ; to lay the foundation. 

t BE-GIN', n. For beginning. Spenser. 

BE-GIN'NER, 7J. I. The person who begins. 2. One Avho 
first enters upon any art, science, or business ; one who 
is in his rudiments ; a young practitioner. 

BE-GIN'NING, ppr. First entering upon; commencing; 
giving rise or original ; taking rise or origin. 

BE-GIN'NING, n. 1. The first cause ; origin. 2. That 
Avhich is first ; the first state ; commencement ; entrance 
into being. 3. The rudiments, first ground, or materials. 

t BE-GIN'NING-LESS, a. That hath no beginning. 

BE-GiRD^, V. t. pret. begirt, begirded ; pp. begirt. [Sax. be- 
gyrdan.] I. To bind with a band or girdle. 2. To sur- 
round ; to inclose; to encompass. 3. To besiege. — To 
begirt, used by B. Jonson, is a corrupt orthography. 

EE-GiRD'ED, or BE-GtRT', pp. Bound Avith a girdle ; sur- 
rounded ; inclosed ; besieged. 

BE-GiRD'ING, ppr. Binding with a girdle ; surrounding ; 
besieging. 

BEG'LER-BEG, n. [See Beg.] The governor of a province 
in the Turkish empire, next in dignity to the grand vizier. 
His proAfince is called beglerbeglik. 

fBE-GLOOM', v.t. To cast a gloom over; to darken. 
Badcock. 

BE-GNAW/, (be-naAv') v. t. [Sax. begnagan.] To bite or 
gnaw ; to eat aAvay ; to corrode ; to nibble. 

t BE-GOD', V. t. To deify ; to treat as a god. More. 

BE-GONE'. (pron. nearly, be-gawn') Go away ; depart. 
These two Avords have been improperly united. Be re- 
tains the sense of a verb, and gone that of a participle. 

BE-GoR'ED, a. Besmeared with gore. 

BE— GOT^^EN \ Rrocreated ; generated. 


f BE-GRAVE', V. t. 1. To deposit in the grave ; to bury. 

2. To engrave. Oowcr. 

BE-GREAifiE', V. t. To soil or daub with grease, or other 
oily matter. 

BE-GRiME<, V. t. To soil with dirt deep-impressed, so that 
the natural hue cannot easily be recovered. Shak. 

BE-GRiM'ED, (be-grimd') pp. Deeply soiled. 

BE-GRUDGE', (be-grudj') v. t. To grudge ; to envy the 
possession of. 

BE-GUlLE’, (be-gile') v.t. 1. To delude ; to deceive ; to 
impose on by artifice or craft. 2. To elude by craft. 3. 
To elude any thing disagreeable by amusement, or other 
means ; to pass pleasingly ; to amuse. 

BE-GUIL'ED, (be-glhh) pp. Deluded ; imposed on ; misled 
by craft ; eluded by stratagem ; passed pleasingly. 

BE^UIL'ER, (be-gl'ler) n. He or that wliich beguiles or 
deceives. 

BE-GUiL'ING, ppr. Deluding ; deceiving by craft ; eluding 
by artifice ; amusing. 

BE-GUILT'Y, (be-gil'te) v. t. To render guilty. [A barba- 
rous word.~\ Sanderson. 

BE'GUIN, n. One of a congregation of nuns in Flanders. 

BE-GUN', 2^p. of begin. Commenced; originated. 

BE-HALF', (be-hafi) n. [Sax. behefe.l 1. Favor ; advantage ; 
convenience ; profit ; support ; defense ; vindication. 2. 
Part; side; noting substitution, or the act of taking the 
part of another. 

BE-HAP'PEN, V. i. To happen to. Spenser. 

BE-HaVE', V. t. [G. gehaben.] 1. To restrain ; to govern ; 
to subdue. This sense is obsolete. 2. To carry ; to con- 
duct ; used Avith the reciprocal pronoun ; as, he behaves 
himself manfully. 

BE-HaVE', V. i. To act ; to conduct ; generally applied to 
manners, or to conduct in any particular business ; and in 
a good or bad sense. He behaves well or ill. 

BE-IIaV'ED, (be-liivd') pp. Conducted. 

BE-H A VftNG, ppr. Carrying; conducting. 

BE-HaV'IOR, (be-hav'yur) n. Manner of behaving, whether 
good or bad ; conduct ; manners ; carriage of one’s self, 
with respect to propriety, or morals ; deportment. — To be 
upon one^s behavior, is to be in a state of trial, in Avhich 
something important depends on propriety of conduct. 
The modern phrase is, to be, or to be put, upon one^s good 
behavior. 

BE-HEAD', (be-hed') v. t. To cut off the head ; to sever 
the head from the body with a cutting instrument. 

BE-HEAD'ED, (be-hed'ed) pp. Having the head cut olT. 

BE-HEAD'ING, (be-hed'ing) ppr. Severing the head from 
the body. 

BE-HEADTNG, (be-hedfing) n. The act of separating the 
head from the body by a cutting instrument ; decollation. 

BE-HELD^, pret. and pp. of behold, which see. 

f BE-HEL', V. t. To torture as Avith the pains of hell. Hewyt. 

Be'HE-MOTH, 71. [Heb. mcHi.] Authors are divided in 
opinion as to the animal intended in ^“'cripture by this 
name ; some supposing it to be an ox, others an elephant ; 
and Bochart labors to prove it the hippopotamus, or river 
horse. The latter opinion is the most probable. 

Be'HEN, BEN, or BEK'EN, n. A plant. The behen of the 
shops, or uhite heben, is spatling poppy. Red behen is 
sea laA’ender. 

BE-HEST', 71. \bc, and Sax. hcese.'] Command ; precept ; 
mandate. {^Antiquated, except in poetry. 1 

f BE-HIGHT', (be-hite') v. t. pret. behot. [Sax. behctaii.] 
To promise ; to intrust ; to call, or name ; to command ; 
to adjudge ; to address ; to inform ; to mean ; to reckon. 
Chaucer. 

BE-HiND', prep. [Sax. behindan.l 1. At the back of anotli- 
er. 2. On the back part, at any distance ; in the rear. 

3. Remaining ; left after the departure of another, whether 
by removing to a distance, or by death. 4. Left at a dis- 
tance, in progress or improvement. 5. Inferior to another 
in dignity and excellence. 6. On the side opposite the 
front or nearest part, or opposite to that which fronts a 
person ; on the other side. Behind the hack, in Scripture, 
signifies, out of notice, or regard ; overlooked ; disre- 
garded. 

BE-HIND', adv. 1. Out of sight ; not produced, or exhibited 
to vieAV ; remaining. 2. Backwards ; on the back part. 
3. Past in the progress of time. 4. Future, or remaining 
to be endured. 5. Remaining after a payment ; unpaid. 
C. Remaining after the departure of. 

BE-HiNDTIAND, a. In arrear ; in an exhausted state ; in 
a state in which rent or profit has been anticipated, and 
expenditures precede the receipt of funds to supply them 
In popular %ise, a state of poverty. 

BE-HoLD', V. t. pret. and pp. beheld. [Sax. behealdan, he- 
heoldan.] 1. To fix the eyes upon ; to see with attention ; 
to observe Avith care. 2. To look upon ; to see. 

BE-HoLD', V. i. 1. To look ; to direct the eyes to an ob- 
ject. 2. To fix the attention upon an object ; to attend ; 
to direct or fix the mind. 

BE-HoLIVEN, (be-hol'dn) pp. or a. Obliged ; bound in 
gratitude ; indebted. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, 0, D, Y, long.—Fkll, FALL, WHAT ;— PRf.Y ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


BEL 


BEL 


81 


BE-HoLD'ER, ?i. One who beholds 3 a spectator ; one who 
looks upon, or sees. 

ppr. 1 . Fixing the eyes upon ; looking on ; 
seeing. 2 . Fixing the attention 3 regarding with atten- 
tion. 3 . Obliged. A mistaken use of the word for be- 
holden. — 4 . n. Obligation. [Abt used.^ Carew. 

■f BE-HoLD'ING-NESS, n. The state of being obliged. 
BE-H6N'EY, v. t. To sweeten with honey. Hherwood. 
BE-HOOF', w. [Sax. behofian.'\ 1 . Need, necessity. 2 . 
In present usase. that which is advantageous : advantage : 
prolit 3 benefit. 

BE-HOOV'A-BLE, a. Needful 3 profitable. 

BE-HOOVE', (be-hoov') v. t. [Sax. behofian.] Tobe necessa- 
ry for 3 to be fit for 3 to be meet for, with respect to necessi- 
ty, duty, or convenience. It may, perhaps, be sometimes 
used intransitively 5 as, let him behave as it behooveth. 
BE-HOOVE'FUL, (be-hoovTul) a. Needful 3 useful 3 profit- 
able 3 advantageous. 

t BE-HOOVE'FUL-LY, (be-hoov'ful-ly) adv. Usefully ; 
profitably. 

I BE-HOOYE<LY, a. Profitable. Oower. 
t BE-HOT', pret. of behight. 

BE-HOVE', (be-hoov') and its derivatives. See Behoove. 
t BE-HOWL', V. i. To howl at. Shak. 

BETNG,ppr. [See Be.] Existing in a certain state. 
BeTNG, n, 1 . Existence 3 a particular state or condition. 
2 . A person existing. 3 . An immaterial, intelligent ex- 
istence, or spirit. 4 . An animal 3 any living creature, 
t BeTNG-PLACE, n. An existence. Spenser. 

BE IT SO. A phrase of anticipation, suppose it be so / or of 
permission, let it be so. Shak. 

•f BE-JaDE', V. t. To tire. Milton. 

I BE-JaPE*, V. t. To laugh at 5 to deceive. Chaucer. 
t BE-KISS/, V. t. To kiss or salute. Jonson. 

I BE-KNaVE', V. t. To call knave. Pope. 

[ BE-KNdW*, (be-no') v. t. To acknowledge. Chaucer. 
BE-La'BOR, V. t. To beat soundly 3 to thump. Dryden. 
BE-LaCE', V. t. 1 . To fasten, as with a lace or cord. 2 . 
To beat 3 to whip. 

BE-La'CED, a. Adorned with lace. Beaumont. 

I BE'LAM', V. t. To beat 3 to bang. 

f BEL'A-MOUR, 71 . {Fx. bel-amour.l A gallant 5 a consort. 
Spenser. 

f BEL'A-MY, 71 . [Fr. hel-ami.'\ A good friend 3 an intimate. 
^Spenser. 

t BE-LaTE', V. t. To retard or make too late. 

BE-LaT^ED, a. 1 . Benighted 5 abroad late at night. 2 . 
Too late for the hour appointed or intended 3 later than 
the proper time. 

BE-LaT'ED-NESS, n. A being too late. Milton. 
t BE-LaVE', V. t. To wash, 
f BE-LAW'GIVE, v. t. To give a law to. Milton. 
BE-La^', V. t. 1 . To block up, or obstruct. 2 . To place 
in ambush. 3 . To adorn, surround, or cover. 4 . In sea- 
manship, to fasten, or make fast, by winding a rope round 
a cleat, kevil, or belaying-pin. 

BE-LaY^ED, (be-lade') pp. Obstructed 3 ambushed 3 made 
fast. 


BE-LaYTNG, ppr. Blocking up 3 laying an ambush 3 mak- 
ing fast. 

BELCH, V. t. [Sax. bealcan.] 1 . To throw or eject wind 
from the stomach with violence. 2 . To eject violently 
from a deep, hollow place. 

BELCH, u. i. [Sax. bealcan.'] 1 . To eject wind from the 
stomach. 2 . To issue out, as by eructation. 

BELCH, n. L The act of throwing out from the stomach, 
or from a hollow place 3 eructation. 2 . A cant'name for 
malt liquor. 

BELCH'ED, (belcht) pp. Ejected from the stomach, or 
from a hollow place. 

BELCH'ING, ppr. Ejecting from the stomach, or any deep, 
hollow place. 

BELCH'ING, 71 . Eructation. Barret. 

BEL'D AM, n. [Fr. belle, and dame. It seems to be used in 
contempt, or as a cant term.] 1 . An old woman. Shak. 
2 . A hag. Dryden. 

BE-LkA'GUER, (be-le'ger) v.t. \Gex. helagern.] To be- 
siege 3 to block up 3 to surround with an army, so as to 
preclude escape. 

BE-LkA'GUERED, pp. Besieged. 

BE-LkA GUER-ER, n. One who besieges. 

BE-LeA'GUER-ING, ppr. Besieging 3 blocking up. 

t BE-LeAVE', V. t. To leave. May. 


fBE-LEE'. V. t. To 
BE-LEM'NITE, 71 . 
stone ; vulgarly ca 


dace on the lee. Shak. 

Gr. jSeXepvov.] Arrow-head, or finger- 
led thunder-holt, or thunder-stone. 

tBE-LEP'ER, V. t. To infect with leprosy. 

BEL'FLOW-ER, 71. A plant. 

BEL'FOUND-ER, n. He who founds or casts bells. Bacon. 

EEL'FRY, n. [Fr. hefroy.] 1 . Among military writers of 
the middle age, a tower erected by besiegers to over- 
look the place besieged, in which sentinels were placed. 
2 . That part of a steeple, or other building, in which a 
bell is hung. 


t BEL-GARD', n. [Fr. bel and egard.] A soft look or glance. 

BEL'GI-AN, a. Belonging to Belgica. 

BEL*GJ-AN, 71 . A native of Belgica, or the Low Countries. 

BEL'GIC, a. [L. Belgicus.] Pertaining to the Belgce, or to 
the Netherlands. 

Be'LI-AL, 7?. [Heb. a Tzotia, unprofitableness 3 

wickedness. As an adjective, worthless 3 wicked. In a 
collective sense, wicked men. Parkhurst. 

t BE-Ll'BEL, V. t. To libel or traduce. Fuller. 

BE-LlE', (be-ll') v.t. [heo.n 6 .lie. Sox. b elec g an.] 1 . To 
give the lie to 3 to show to be false 3 to charge with false- 
hood. 2 . To counterfeit 3 tomimick 5 tefeign resemblance. 
3 . To give a false representation. 4 . To tell lies concern- 
ing 3 to calumniate by false reports. 5 . To fill with lies. 
Shak. 

BE-LIED', (be-llde') pp. Falsely represented, either by v/ord 
or obvious evidence and indication 3 counterfeited 3 mim- 
icked_. 

BE-LIkF', (be-Ieef) n. [Sax. geleaf, geleafan, gelefan, 
geliefan, gelyfan, to believe.] 1 . A persuasion of the 
truth, or an assent of mind to the truth, of a declaration, 
proposition, or alledged fact, on the ground of evidence. — 
2. in theology, faith, or a firm persuasion of the truths of 
religion. 3 . Religion. 4 . Persuasion or opinion. 5 . The 
thing believed 3 the object of belief. 6. A creed 3 a form 
or summary of aiticles of faith. 

BE-LIeV'A-BLE, (be-le'va-bl) a. That may be believed 5 
credible. 

BE-LIeVE', (be-leev') v. t. 1 . To credit upon the authority 
or testimony of another 3 to be persuaded of the truth of 
something. 2 . To expect or hope with confidence 3 to 
trusty 

BE-LIeVE', V. i. To have a firm persuasion of any thing 3 
to think, or suppose. — In theology, to believe sometimes 
expresses a mere assent of the understanding 3 and some- 
times it implies, with this assent of the mind, a yielding 
of the will and affections. 

BE-LIeV'ED, (be-leevd') pp. Credited 5 assented to, as 
true._ 

BE-LIeV'ER, n. 1 . One who believes 3 one who gives 
credit to other evidence than that of personal knowledge. 
— 2 . In theology, one who gives credit to the truth of the 
Scriptures, as a revelation from God. In a more restricted 
sense^ a professor of Christiaiffty. 

BE-LIeV'ING, ppr. Giving credit to testimony, or to other 
evideiice than personal knowledge. 

BE-LIeV'ING-LY, adv. In a believing manner. 

BE-LiKE', adv. [be and like.] Probably 3 likely 5 perhaps. 
[.IVearly antiquated.] 

t BELTICE'T.Y, adv. Probably. Hall. 

fBE-LiME', V. t. To besmear with lime 3 to soil. Bp. Hall. 

BE-LIT'TLE, v. t. To make smaller, or less in size. Jef- 
ferson. 

t BE-LiVE', fldu. Speedily 3 quickly. Spenser. 

BELL, n. [Sax. hell, hella, belle.] 1 . A vessel or hollow 
body of cast metal, used for making sounds. Its constit- 
uent parts are a barrel or hollow body enlarged or expand- 
ed at one end, an ear or cannon by which it is hung to a 
beam, and a clapper on tiie inside. 2 . A hollow body of 
metal, perforated, and containing a solid ball, to give sounds 
when shaken 3 used on animals. 3 . Any thing in form 
of a bell, as the cup or calix of a flower. — To bear the bell. 
is to be the first, or leader, in allusion to the bell-wether 01 
a flock. 

BELL, V. i. To grow in the form of bells, as buds or flow- 
0rs* 

BELL'-F ASH-TONED, a. Having the form of a bell. 

BELL'-FLOW-ER, n. A genus of plants, so named from 
the shape of the flower. 

BELL'-FOUND-ER, n. A man whose occupation is to found 
or cast bells. 

BELL'-MAN, n. A man who rings a bell, especially to give 
notice of any thing in the streets. 

BELL'-MET-AL, (bel'-met-tl) n. A mixture of copjTer and 
tin, in the proportion of about ten parts of copper to one 
of tin, and usually a small portion of brass or zink 3 used 
for making bells. 

BELL'-PEP-PER, n. A name of the Guinea pepper, a spe- 
cies of capsicum. 

BELL'-RING-ER, n. One whose business is to ring a church 
or other bell. 

BELL'-SHaPED, a. Having the form of a bell. 

BELL'-WETH-ER, n. A wether or sheep which leads the 
flock with a bell on his neck. 

BELL'-WoRT, n. A plant, the tivularia. 

BEL'LA-DON-NA, n. A plant, a species of atropa. 

BEL'LA-TRIX, n. [L.] A ruddy, glittering star, of the sec- 
ond magnitude, in the left shoulder of Orion. 

BELLE, (bel) n. [Fr.] A young lady. In popular use, n 
lady of superior beauty, and much admired. 

BELL'ED, a. Hung with bells. 

* BELLES-LET-TRES, (bePlet-ter) n. phi. anglicized, 
bell letters. [Fr.] Polite literature 3 a word of very vague 
signification. It includes poetry and oratory 3 but author's 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE 3 — ByLL, UNITE 3 — € as K 3 0 as J 3 S as Z 5 CH as SH • TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


BEL 


82 


BEN 


are not agreed to what particular branches of learning the 
term should be restricted. 

t BELL'1-BONE, n. [Fr. belle and bonne.] A woman excel- 
ling both in beauty and goodness. 

B£L.-L1G'ER-ATE, V. i. To make war. Cockeram. 
EL-LiG'EK-ENT, a. [L. belUger, belligero.] Waging 
war *, carrying on war. 

BEL-LIG Eli -ENT, n. A nation, power or state carrying 
on war. 

BEL-LIG'ER-OUS, a. The same as belligerent. 

ELL'ING, n. [riax. bellan.] J. The noise of a roe in rutting 
time. 2. a. Growing or forming like a bell j growing fail 
and ripe ; used of hops ; from bell. 

BEL-LIF'O-TENT, a. [L. bellipotens.] Powerful or mighty 
in war. [Little iwed.J 

■ BEL'Ll-TUDE, 72. [h. bellitudo.] Beauty. Cockeram. 

■ BEL-LiaUE', (bel-leek') a. [Old Fr.] arlike. 

TEL'LON, 71. A disease, attended with languor and intol- 
erable griping of the bowels. 

BEL-Lo'NA, 72. The goddess of war. 

BEL'LoW, V. i. [Sax. bellan.] 1. To make a hollow, 
loud noise, as a bull ; to make a loud outcry *, to roar. 
In contempt, to vociferate or clamor. 2. To roar, as 
the sea in a tempest, or as the wind when violent j to 
make_a loud, hollow, continued sound. 

BEL'LoW, n. A loud outcry ; roar. 

BEL'LoW-lNG, ppr. Making a loud, hollow sound, as a 
bull, or as the roaring of billows. 

BEL'LoW-ir*fG, 71. A loud, hollow sound, or roar. 

’''BEL-L6WS, n. sing, and pin. [Sax. bilig, or bylig : Goth. 
balgs.] An instrument, utensil or machine for blowing 
fire. 

BEL'L6WS-FISH, n. The trumpet-fish. 

BEL'LU-INE, a. [L. belluinus.] Beastly j pertaining to or 
like a beast ; brutal. [Little Tised.] 

BEL'LY, 71. [Ir. bolg ; W. holy.] 1. That part of the human 
body w'hich extends from die breast to the thighs, con- 
taining the bowels. 2. The part of a beast corresponding 
to the human belly. 3. The womb. Jer. i. 5. 4. The 

receptacle of food ; that which requires food. 5. The part 
of any thing which resembles the human belly in protu- 
berance or cavity, as of a harp or a bottle. 6. Any hollow, 
inclosed place. 

BEL'LY, V. t. To fill *, to swell out. Shak. 

BEL'LY, V. i. 1. To swell and become protuberant, like the 
belly. 2. To strut. 

BEL'LY-aCHE, 72. Pain in the bowels j the colic. [ FuZ- 
gar.] 

BEL'LY-a€HE BIJSH or WEED, n. A species of jatro- 
pha. 

BEL'LY-BAND, 72. A band that encompasses the belly of a 
horse, and fastens the saddle ; a girth. 

BEL'LY-BOUND, a. Diseased in the belly ; costive. 

f BEL'LY-CHEER, 72. Good cheer. Chaucer. 

BEL'LY-FRET-TING, 72. The chafing of a horse’s belly 
with a fore girt. 2. A violent pain in a horse’s belly, 
caused by worms. 

BEL'LY-FIJL, n. As much as fills the belly, or satisfies the 
appetite. 

BEL'LY-GOD, 72. A glutton ; one who makes a god of his 
belly. 

BEL'LY-ING, ppr. Enlarging capacity ; swelling out, like 
the belly. 

BEL'LY-PINCHED, a. Starved ; pinched with hunger. 
Shale. 

BEL'LY-RoLT^, n. A roller protuberant in the middle, to 
roll land between ridges, or in hollows. 

BEL'LY-SLAVE, n. A slave to the appetite. 

BEL'LY-TIM-BER, n. Food 5 that which suppo’ts the 
Iielly. Prior. [Piilgar.] 

BEL'LY-WoRM, 72. A worm that breeds in the belly or 
stomach. Johnson. 

BE-LOr?K', V. t. [Sax. belucan.] To lock, or fasten as with 
a lock. Shak. 

BEL'O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. jScAo? and pavrcia.] A kind of 
divination by arrows, practiced by the ancient Scythians, 
Babylonians and other nations. 

BE-LoNE', 72. [Gr. fieXovt].] The gar, garfish, or sea-needle, 
a species of esoi. 

BE-LONG', r. i. [D. belangen.] 1. To be the property of. 

2. To be the concern or proper business of; to appertain. 

3. To be appendant to. 4. To be a part of, or connected 
with, though detached in place. 5. To have relation to. 
6. To be tlie quality or attribute of. 7. To be suital)le for. 
8. To relate to, or be referred to. 9. To have a legal 
residence, settlement, or inhabitancy. 10. To be the na- 
tive of; to have oiaginal residence. — 11. Tn covrmon lan- 
guage, to have a settled residence ; to be domiciliated. 

BE-LONG'ING, pnr. Pertaining ; appertaining ; being the 
property of; being a quality of ; being the concern of; 
being appendant to ; being a native of, or having a legal 
or permanent settlement in. 

t P.E-LONG'[NG, 72. A quality. Shak. 

j BE-LOVE', V. t. To love. 


BE-L6V'ED, pp. [he and loved, from love. Belove, os a 
verb, is not used.] Loved ; greatly loved ; dear to Lh« 
heart. 

BE-LoW', prep. 1. Under in place ; beneath ; not so high. 
2. Inferior in rank, excellence or dignity. 3. Unworthy 
of ; unbefitting. 

BE-LoW', adv. 1. Tn a lower place, with respect to any ob- 
ject. 2. On the earth, as opposed to the heavens. 3. In 
hell, or the region of the dead. 4. In a court of inferior 
jurisdiction. 

fBE-LOWl ', V. t. To treat with contemptuous language. 
BEL'SWAG-GER, 72. A lewd man. Dr^jden. 

BELT, 72. [Sax. belt.] 1. A girdle ; a band, usually of leath- 
er, in which a sword or other weapon is hung. 2. A nar- 
row passage at the entrance of the Baltic. 3. A bandage 
or band used by surgeons for various purposes. — 4. in 
astronomy, certain girdles or rings which surround the 
planet 'Jupiter are called belts. 5. A disease among 
sheep, cured by cutting off the tail, laying the sore bare, 
then casting mold on it, and applying tar and goose- 
grease. 

BELT, V. t. To encircle. Warton. 

BE-LD'GA, 72. A fish of the cetaceous order. 
BEL'VI-DERE, 72. [L. bellus and video.] 1. A plant, a spe- 
cies of chenopodhnn , gocsefoot or wild orach. — 2. In Itahaji 
architecture, a pavilion on the top of an edifice ; an arti- 
ficial eminence in a garden. 

BE-LYE. See Belie. 

I Be'MA, 72. [Gr. Pnpa.] ]. A chancel. 2. In ancient Greece j 
a stage or kind of pulpit. 
fBE-MAD', V. t. To make mad. Shak. 

BE-MAxV'GLE, V. t. To mangle ; to tear asunder. Bea%k- 
mont. [Little used.] 

BE-MXSk', V. t. To mask ; to conceal. Shelton. 
BE-MaZE', V. t. To bew'ilder. [Little used.] 
t BE-MeTE', V. t. To measure. Shak. 

BE-MTN'GLE, V. t. To mingle ; to mix. [Little used.] 
BE-MTRE', V. t. To drag or incumber in the mire. 
[BE-MIST', V. t. To cover or involve in mist. 

BE-MoAN', V. t. To lament ; to bew'ail ; to express sorrow 
for. 

t BE-MoAN'A-BLE, a. That may be lamented. 

BE-Md ANED, pp. Lamented ; bewailed. 

BE-MoAN'ER, 72. One who laments. 

BE-MoAN'lNG, ppr. Lamenting; bewailing. 

BE-MOGK', V. t. To treat with mockery. [Little used.] 
BE-MOOK', i’. i. To laugh at. 

•fBE-MOIL', V. t. To bedraggle ; to bemire ; to soil or in- 
cumber with mire and dirt. Shak. 

BE-MdL', 72. Tn music, a half note. Bacon. 
t BE-MON'STER, V. t. To make monstrous. Shak. 
EE-MoURN', V. t. To weep or mourn over. [Little 
BE-MuS'ED, (be-muzd') a. Overcome with musing ; dream- 
ing ; a icord of contempt. Pope. 
f BEN. [Sax.] Used for are, been, and to be. 

BEN, or BEN '-NUT, 72. A purgative fruit or nut. 

BENCH, 72. [Sax. bene.] 1. A long seat, usually of board or 
plank. 2. The seat where judges sit in court ; the seat 
of justice. 3. The persons w^ho sit as judges ; the court. 
Drvden. 

BENCH, V. t. ]. To furnish with benches. 2. To seat on a 
bench. 3. v. i. To sit on a seat of justice. Shak. 
BENCH'ER, 72. 1. Tn Eiigland, the benchers, in the inns of 
court, are the senior members of the society who have the 
government of it, and have been readers. 2. The aider- 
man of a corporation. 3. A judge. Shak. 

BEND, 7'. t. ; pret. bended, or bent ; pp. bended, or bent. [Sax* 
hevdav.] 1. To strain or to crook by straining. 2. To crook ; 
to make crooked ; to curve ; to inflect. 3. To direct to a 
certain point. 4. To exert; to apply closely ; to exercise 
laboriously ; to intend or stretch. 5. To prepare or put 
in order for use ; to stretch or strain. 6. To incline ; to 
be determined ; that is, to stretch towards, or cause to 
tend. 7. To subdue ; to cause to yield ; to make sub- 
missiv’e. — 8. In seamanship, to fasten, as one rope to 
anotlier, or to an anchor ; to fasten, as a sail to its yard or 
stay ; to fasten, as a cable to the ring of an anchor. 
— 9l To bend the bro7C, is to knit the brow ; to scowd ; to 
frown . 

BEND, V. 2. 1. To be crooked ; to crook, or be curving. 

2. To incline ; to lean or turn. 3. To jut over. 4. To 
resolve, or detennine. 5. To bow^, or be submissive. 

BEND, 72. 1. A curve ; a crook ; a turn in a road or river ; 
flexure ; incurvation. — 2. In marine language, that part 
of a rope w'hich is fastened to another, or to an anchor. 

3. Bends of a ship are the thickest and strongest planks 

in her sides, more generally called — 4. In herald- 

r7>, one of the nine honorable ordinaries, containing a 
third part of the field, when charged, and a fifth, W’hen 
plain. 

t BEND, 72. A band. Spenser. 

BEND'A-BLE, a. That maj be bent or incurvated. 
BEND'ED, or BENT, pp. strained ; incurvated ; made 
crooked ; inclined ; subdued. 


♦ See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, C, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT ;—PREY PIN, MARINE, BiRD j— f Obsolete 


BEN 


83 


BER 


BEND^ER, n. The person who bends, or makes crooked ; 
also, an instrument for bending other things. 

BEND^ING, ppr. Incurvating } forming into a curve j 
stooping ; subduing ; turning, as a road or river ; inclin- 
ing *, leaning 5 applying closely, as the mind ; fastening. 

BEND'LET, 71 . In heraldry^ a little bend, which occupies 
a sixth part of a shield. Bailey. 

BEND'-WITH, n. A plant. Diet. 

BEND^Y, 71. In heraldry^ the field divided into four, six or 
more parts, diagonally, and varying in metal and color. 

BEN'E, 71. The popular name of the sesamum orien- 
tate, called in the West Indies vangloe, an African 
plant. 

BE-NeAFED, (be-neept') a. Among 5ca7wcn, a ship is he- 
neaped, when the water does not flow high enough to 
floa^her from a dock or over a bar. 

BE-x\eATH', prep. [Sax. beneath.] 1. Under; lower in 
place, with something directly over or on. 2. Under, in 
a figurative sense ; bearing heavy impositions, as taxes, 
or oppressive government. 3. Lower in rank, dignity or 
excellence. 4. Unworthy of ; unbecoming ; not equal to. 

BE-NeATH', adv. 1. In a lower place. Mortimer. 2. Be- 
low, as opposed to heaven, or to any superior region. 

I BEN^E-DIGT, a. [L. benedictus.] Having mild and salu- 
brious qualities. Bacon. 

BEN-E-DI€'TINE, a. Pertaining to the order or monks of 
St. Benedict, or St. Benet. 

BEN-E-DI€'TINES, n. An order of monks, who profess to 
follow the rules of St. Benedict. In the canon Law, they 
are called black friars. 

BEX-E-D1€'TI0N, n. [L. benedictio.] 1. The act of bless- 
ing ; a giving praise to God, or rendering thanks for his 
favors ; a blessing pronounced. 2. Blessing, prayer, or 
kind wishes, uttered in favor of any person or thing ; a 
solemn or affectionate invocation of happiness ; thanks ; 
expression of gratitude. 3. The advantage conferred by 
blessing. 4. The form of instituting an abbot, answering 
to the consecration of a bishop. 

f BEN-E-DI€'TIVE, a. Of power to draw down a blessing ; 
giving a blessing. Oauden. 

BE N-E-F AUCTION, n. [L. bcnefacio.] 1. The act of con- 
ferring a benefit. 2. A benefit conferred, especially a 
charitable donation. 

BEN-E-FA€'TOR, n. He who confers a benefit. 

BEN-E-FA€'TRESS, n. A female who confers a benefit. 

BEN'E-FICE, a. [L. benefiemrn.] 1. Literally, a benefit, 
advantage or kindness. But, in present usage, an eccle- 
siastical living. 2. In the middle ages, benefice was used 
for a fee, or an estate in lands. 

BEN'E-FiCED, a. Possessed of a benefice or church prefer- 
ment. Jiyliffe. 

t BEN'E-FiCE-LESS, a. Having no benefice. 

BE-NEFI-CENCE, n. [L. beneficentia.] The practice of 
doing good: active goodness, kindness, or charity. 

BE-NEF I-CENT, a. Doing good ; performing acts of kind- 
ness and charity. 

BE-NEF'l-CENT-LY, adv. In a beneficent manner. 

BEN-E-FI''CIAL, a. 1. Advantageous ; conferring benefits ; 
useful ; profitable ; helpful ; contributing to a valuable 
end. 2. Receiving or entitled to have or receive advan- 
tage, use or benefit. 

t BEN-E-FI"CIAL, n. A benefice. Spenser. 

BEN-E-FI 'CIAL-LY, adv. Advantageously ; profitably ; 
helpfully. 

BEM-E-FP'CIAL-NESS, n. Usefulness ; profitableness. 

BEN’-E-FP/CIA-RY, a. [L. beneficiarius.] Holding some 
office or valuable possession, in subordination to another. 

BEN-E-FI"CIA-RY, n. 1. One who holds a benefice. 2. One 
who receives any thing as a gift, or is maintained by 
charity. 

BEN-E-FUOEN-CY, n. Kindness or favor bestowed. 

BEN-E-FP CIENT, a. Doing good. Jidam Smith. 

BEN'E-FIT, 71. [L. beneficium ; Fr. bienfait.] 1. An act of 
kindness ; a favor conferred. 2. Advantage ; profit ; a 
word of extensive use, and expressing whatever con- 
tributes to promote prosperity and happiness. — 3. In law, 
benefit of clergy. See Clergy. 

BEX'E-FIT, V. t. To do good to ; to advantage ; to advance 
in health or prosperity. 

BEN'E-FIT, V. i. To gain advantage ; to make improve- 
ment. 

BEN'E-FIT-ED, pp. Profited ; having received benefit. 

BEN'E-FIT-ING, ppr. Doing good to ; profiting ; gaining 
advantage. 

t BE-Ne'GR5E, V. t. To make extremely dark. Hewyt. 

t BE-NeME', V. t. 1. To name. 2. To promise ; to give. 

f BE-NEMP^NE, V. t. To name. Spenser. 

t BEN-E-PLACT-TURE, n. [L. bencplacitum.] Will; 
choice. Olanville. 

t BE-NET', V. t. To catch in a net ; to insnare. 

BE-NEV'O-LENCE, 71 . [L. benevolentia.] I. The disposi- 
tion to do good ; good will ; kindness ; charitableness ; 
the love of mankind, accompanied with a desire to pro- 
mote their happiness. 2. An act of kindness ; good 


done ; charity given. 3, A species of contribution or tax 
illegally exacted by arbitrary kings of England. 
BE-NRV'O-LENT, a. [L. benevolens.] Having a disposition 
to do good ; possessing love to mankind, and a desire to 
promote their prosperity and happiness ; kind, 
t BE-NEV'O-LENT-NESS, 71. Benevolence, 
t BE-NEV'O-LOUS, a. Kind, friendly. Puller. 
BE-NEV'O-LENT-LY, ado. In a kind manner ; with eood 
will. ’ ^ 


BEN-GAL', 71. A thin stuff, made of silk and hair, for 
women’s apparel, so called from Bengal. ’ 

BEN-GA-LEE , n. The language or dialect spoken in Ben- 
gal. 

BEN-GA-LeSE', n. sing, and phi A native, or the natives 
of Bengal, .^s. Res. vii. 171. 

BE-NIGHT', V. t. 1. To involve in darkness ; to shroud 
with the shades of night. 2. To overtake with night ; 
3. To involve in moral darkness, or ignorance ; to debar 
from intellectual light. 

BE-NiGHT'ED, pp. Involved in darkness, physical or 
moral ; overtaken by the night. 

BE-NiGN', (be-nine') a. [L. benignus.] 1. Kind ; of a kind 
disposition ; gracious ; favorable. 2. Generous ; liberal. 
3. Favorable ; having a salutary influence. 4. Whole- 
some ; not pernicious. 5. Favorable ; not malignant. 

BE-NIG'NANT, a. Kind ; gracious ; favorable. 

BE-NIG'NI-TY, n. 1. Goodness of disposition or heart; 
kindness of nature ; graciousness. 2. Actual goodness ; 
beneficence. 3. Salubrity ; wholesome quality ; or that 
which tends to promote health. Wiseman. 

BE-NiGN'LY, (be-nine'ly) adv. Favorably ; kindly ; gra 
ciously. 

BENT-SON, (ben'-e-zn) n. [Fr. benir, benissant.] Blessing 
benediction. [J\Tearly antiquated.] 

BEN'JA-MIN, 71. 1. A tree, the laurus benzoin, called also 
spice-bush. 2. A gum or resin, or rather a balsam. See 
Benzoin. 

BEN'NET, n. Tlie herb bennet, or avens, known in botany 
by the generic term geum. 

BEN'NET-FISH, n. A fish of two feet in length. 

BENT,;?p. of bend. Incurvated ; inflected ; inclined ; prone 
to, or having a fixed propensity ; determined. — Bent on, 
liaving a fixed inclination. 

BENT, 71. 1 . The state of being curving, or crooked ; flexure ; 
curvity. 2. Declivity ; as, the igTit of a hill. \^Unusual.] 
Dryden. 3. Inclination ; disposition ; a leaning or bias 
of mind ; propensity. 4. Flexion ; tendency ; particular 
direction. 5. Application of the mind. 

BENT, I n. A kind of grass, called, in botany, 

BENT'-GRASS, i agrostis. 

BENTTNG-TIME, n. The time when pigeons feed on 
bents, before peas are ripe. 

BE-NUM', coiYuptly BE-NUMB', v. t. [Sax. beniman, beny- 
man ; pp. benumen.] 1. To make torpid ; to deprive of 
sensation. 2. To stupify ; to render inactive. 

BE-NUM'MED, (be-numd') pp. Rendered torpid ; deprived 
of sensation ; stupified. 

BE-NUM'MED-NESS, n. The state of being benummed. 
Smith. 

BE-NUM'MING, ppr. Depriving of sensation ; stupify iug. 

BEN'ZO-ATE, n. A salt formed by the union of the ben- 
zoic acid with any salifiable base. 

BEN-ZoT€, a. Pertaining to benzoin. — Benzoic acid, of- 
fioicers of benzoin, is a peculiar vegetable acid, obtained 
from benzoin and other balsams, by sublimation or de- 
coction. 

BEN-ZOIN', or BEN'JA-MIN, n. Gum benjamin ; a con- 
crete resinous juice, flowing from the styrax benzoin, a 
tree of Sumatra, &c. 

BE-PaINT', V. t. To paint ; to cover with paint. Shak. 
{Little used.] 

t BE-PaLE', V. t. To make pale. Careto. 

BE-PINCH', V. t. To mark with pinches. 

BE PINCIIT' ’ \ Marked with pinches. Chapman. 

BE-POW'DER, V. t. To powder ; to sprinkle or cover with 
powder. 

BE-PRaISE', V. t. To praise greatly or extravagantly. 
Goldsmith. 


BE-PUR'PLE, V. t. To tinge or dye with a purple color. 
BE-GUKaTH', v. t. [Sax. becwcethan.] To give or leave by 
will ; td devise some species of property by testament. 
BE-GUeATFPED, (be-kweethd') pp. Given or left by will 
BE-Q,UeATH'ER, 71. A testator. Huloet. 
BE-Q,UeATHTNG, ppr. Giving or devising by testament. 
BE-GUeATH'MENT, 71. The act of bequeathing ; a be- 
quest. 

BE-Q,UEST', 77. Something left by wfill ; a legacy, 
t BE-RaIN', V. t. To rain upon. Chaucer. 

BE-RaTFJ, V. t. To chide vehemently ; to scold. 
BE-RAT'TLE, v. t. To fill with rattling sounds or noise 
Shak. 

t BE-RaY^, V. t. To make foul ; to soil. Milton. 
BERBER-RY. n. [L. berberis.] See Barberry. 


» See Synopsis, MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete , 


BES 84 BES 


BERE, n. The name of a species of barley in Scotland. 
Oraj/. 

BE-ReAVE', V. t. pret. bereaved, bereft ; pp. bereaved, be- 
reft. [Sax. bereafiaii.'\ 1. To deprive 5 to strip ; to make 
destitute *, with of before the thing taken away. 2. To 
takeaway from. Skak. 

BE-ReAV'ED, (be-reevd ) jip. Deprived ; stripped, and left 
destitute. 

BE-ReAVE'MENT, n. Deprivation, particularly by the loss 
of a friend by death 

BE-ReAV'1NG, ppr. Stripping bare ; depriving. 

BE-REFT',* pp. of bereave. Deprived *, made destitute. 
BER-EN-Ga'R[-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines of Berengarius. 
fBERG, n. [Sax. beorg.] A borough; a town that sends 
burgesses to parliament; a castle. [See Burq.] Ash. 
BERG'A-MOT, 72. [Fr. bergamotte.'] J. A species of pear. 
2. A species of citron. 3. An essence or perfume from 
the citron. 4. A species of snuff perfumed with berga- 
mot. 5. A coarse tapestry. 

BERG'AN-DER, n. A burrow duck ; a duck that breeds in 
holes under clifis. 

BER'GE-RET, 71. [Fr.berger.^ A song. Chaucer. 
ERG'MAN-ITE, 72. A mineral. 

BERG'MAS-TER, n. [Sax. beorg, and jnaster.] The bai- 
liff or chief officer among the Derbyshire minei-s. 
BERG'iMOTE, n. [Sax. beorg, and mote.] A court held 
on a hill in Derbyshire, in England, for deciding contro- 
versies between the miners. 

BE-RHyME', V. t. To mention in rhyme or verse ; used in 
contempt. Shah. 

* BER'LIN, 72. A vehicle of the chariot kind. 

BER-LUC CIO, 72. A small bird, somewhat like the yellow- 
hammer, but less, and more slender. 

BERME, 72. In fortification, a space of ground of three, 
four, or five feet in width, left between the rampart and 
the moat or foss. 

BERVNA-CLE. See Barnacle. 

BER'NAR-DiNE, a. Bertaining to St. Bernard, and the 
monks of the order. 

BER'NAR-DiNES, n.. An order of monks, founded by Rob- 
ert, abbot of Moleme, and reformed by St. Bernard, 
t BE-ROB', V. t. To rob. Spenser. 

BE-RoE', 72. A marine animal of an oval form. 

BER'RIED, a. Furnished with berries. 

BER'RY, 72. [Sax. beria.] 1. A succulent or pulpy fnrit, 
containing naked seeds, including many varieties. 2. A 
mound, [for barrow.] 

BER'RY, V. i. To bear or produce berries. 
BER'RY-BEaR-ING, a. Producing berries. 

BERTj [Sax. beorht, berht ; Eng. bright.] This word en- 
ters into the names of many Saxon princes and noblemen ; 
as Egbert, Sigbci't. See Bright. 

BERTH, 72. 1. A station in which a ship rides at anchor, 
comprehending the space in which she ranges. 2. A 
room or apartinent in a ship, where a number of ofiicers 
or men mess and reside. 3. The box or place for sleep- 
ing, at the sides of a cabin ; the place for a hammoc, or a 
repository for chests, &c. 

BER'TRAM, n. Bastard pellitory, a plant. 

BER'YL, 72. [L. beryllus.] A mineral, considered by Cleave- 
land as a sub-species of emerald. 

BER'YL-CRYS'TAL, n. A species of imperfect crystal. 
BER'YL-LINE, a. Like a beryl ; of a light or bluish green, 
t BE-SaINT', V. t. To make a saint. 

JBE-SaYLE', 72. [Norm, ayle ; Fr. aieul.] A great grand- 

f BE-SC AT'TER, 22. t. To scatter over. Spenser. 
f BE-SCORN', v.t. To treat with scorn ; to mock at. Chaucer. 
f BE-SCRATCH', v. t. To scratch ; to tear with the nails. 
Chaucer. 

BE-SCRAWL', V. t. To scrawl ; to scribble over. 
BE-SCREEN', v. t. To cover with a screen ; to shelter ; to 
conceal. Shah. 

BE-SCREEN’ED, (be-screend') pp. Covered ; sheltered ; 

COXlCGcllOCl 

EE-SCRIB'BLE, v. t. To scribble over. Jililton. 
f BE-S€UM'BER, 22 . L To encumber. B. Jonson. 
fBE-SEE', 2 ;. i. To look ; to mind. V/ickliffe. 

IBE-SEECH', V. t. pret. and pp. besought. [Sax. he and 
secan.] To intreat; to supplicate ; to implc’^e ; to ask 
or pray with urgency. P? 

EE-SEECH', 72. Request. 

BE-SEECH'ER, 72. One who beseeches. 

BE-SEECH'ING, ppr. Entreating, 
t BE-SEEK', V. t. To beseech. Chaucer. 

BE-SEEM', V. t. To become ; to be fit for, or worthy of ; to 
be decent for. 

BE-SEEM'ING, ppr. or a. Becoming ; fit ; worthy of. 
BE-SEEM'ING, 72. Comeliness. Barret. 

BE-SEEM'LY, a. Becoming ; fit ; suitable. 
tBE-SEEN', 22. Adapted; adjusted. Spenser. 

BE-SET', V. t. pret. and pp. beset. [Sax. besettan.] 1. To 
surround ; to inclose ; to hem in ; to besiege. 2. To press 
on all sides, so as to perplex ; to entangle, so as to render 


escape difficult or impossible. 3. To waylay. 4. To fall 
upon. 

BE-isET'T'NG, ppr. Surrounding ; besieging ; waylaying. 
BE-SET'TING, a. Habitually attending, or pressing, 
t BE-SHiNE', V. t. To shine upon. 

BE-SHREW', V. t. 1. To wish a curse to ; to execrate. 2. 

To happen ill to. [J\'’o« in 2227 c.] Shak. 
fBE-SHUT', V. t. To shut up. Chaucer. 

BE-SiDE', prep. 1. At the side of a person or thing , near. 
2. Over and above ; distinct from. 3. On one side ; out 
of the regular course or order ; not according to, but not 
contrary. 4. Out of ; in a state deviating from. 5. With 
the reciprocal pronoun, beside one’s self is out of the wits 
or senses. 

BE-SiDE', or BE-SIDES', adv. Moreover ; more than that ; 
over and above ; distinct from ; not included in the num* 
ber, or in what has been mentioned. 

BE-SID'ER-Y, 72. A species of pear. Johnson. 

BE-SIDES', prep. Over and above; separate or distinct 
from. 

BE-SIeGE', V. t. [he and siege ; Fr. siege.] 1. To lay siege 
to ; to beleaguer ; to beset, or surround with armed forces, 
for the purpose of compelling to surrender, either by fam- 
ine or by violent attacks. 2. To beset ; to throng round. 
BE-SIeG'ED, (be-seejd') pp. Surrounded or beset with hos- 
tile Loops. 

BE-SIeG'ER, 72. One who lays siege, or is employed in a 
sieg^. 

BE-S1eGTNG, ppr. Laying siege ; surrounding with armed 
forces. 

BESIeG'ING, a. Surrounding in a hostile manner ; em- 
ployed in a siege. 

t BE-SIT', V. t. To suit ; to become. Spenser, 
t BE-SLaVE', V. t. To subjugate ; to enslave, 
t BE-SLiME', V. t. To daub with slime ; to soil. 
BE-SLUB'BER, v.t. To soil or smear with spittle, or any 
thingjunning from tJie mouth or nose. [ Vulgar.] 
BE-SMeAR', V. t. To bedaub ; to overspread with any 
viscous, glutinous matter, or with any soft substance that 
adheres. Hence, to foul ; to soil. 

BE-SMeAR'ED, (be-smeerd') pp. Bedaubed ; overspread 
with any thing soft, viscous, or adhesive ; soiled. 
BE-SMeAR'ER, 72. One that besmears. 

BE-SMeAR'ING, ppr. Bedaubing ; soiling. 

BE-SMiRCH', V. t. To soil ; to foul ; to discolor. Shah. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

BE-SMoKE', V. t. To foul with smoke ; to harden or dry in 

VToifl/y 1 

BE-SMok'ED, (be-smokt') pp. Fouled or soiled with 
smoke ; dried in smoke. 

BE-SMUT', V. t. To blacken with smut ; to foul with soot. 
BE-SMUT'TED, pp. Blackened with smut or soot. 
BE-SNoW', V. t. To scatter like snow. [Little iLsed.] 
B£-SNoW'ED, (be-snode') a. or pp. Covered or sprinkled 
with snow, or with white blossoms. Hanbury. 
BE-SNUFF', V. t. To befoul with snuff. 

BE-SNUF'-FED, (be-snuft') pp. Foul with snuff. Young. 
Be'SOM, 72. [Sax. fces?/i.] A broom ; a brush of twigs^for 
sw«eping. 

Be'SOM, V. t. To sweep, as with a besom. Barlow. 
BE-SORT', V. t. To suit ; to fit ; to become. Shak. 
t BE-SORT', 72. Company; attendance; train. Shak. 
BE-SOT', V. t. I. To make sottish ; to infatuate ; tostupify ; 

to make dull or senseless. 2. To make to dote. 
BE-SOT'TED, pp. Made sottish or stupid. — Besotted on, in- 
fatuated with foolish affection. 

BE-SOT'TED-LY, ado. In a foolish manner. 
BE-SOT'TED-NESS, 72. Stupidity; arrant folly; infatua- 
tion. 

BE-SOT'TING, ppr. Infatuating ; making sottish or foolish. 
BE-SOUGHT', (besawt') pp. of beseech. Entreated ; im- 
plored ; sought by entreaty. 

BE-SPAN'GLE, v. t. To adorn with spangles; to dot or 
sprinkle with something brilliant. 

BE-SPAN'GLED, pp. Adorned with spangles or something 
shining. 

BE-SPAN'GLING, ppr. Adorning with spangles or glitter- 
ing objects. 

BE-SPAT'TER, v.t. 1. To soil by spattering ; to sprinkle 
with water, or with dirt and water. 2. To asperse with 
calumny or reproach. Swift. 

BE-SPAT'TERED, pp. Spattered over ; soiled with dirt and 
water ; aspersed ; calumniated. 

BE-SPAT'TER-ING, ppr. Spattering with water; soiling 
with dirt and water ; aspersing. 

BE-SPAWL', v. t. To soil or make foul with spittle. Mil- 
ton. 

BE-SPeAK', V. t. pret. bespoke ,• pp. bespoke, bespoken. 1. 
To speak for beforehand ; to order or engage against a fu- 
ture time. 2. To forebode ; to foretell. 3. To speak to ; 
to address. This sense is mostly poetical. 4. To beto- 
ken ; to show ; to indicate by external marks or appear- 
ances. 

BE-SPeAK'ER, 71. One who bespeaks. 


♦ See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, Xj, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PR£Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD t Obsolete. 


BES 


85 BET 


BE-SP£AK'ING, npr. Speaking for or ordering beforehand j 
foreboding ; addressing ; showing *, indicating. 
BE-SPilAK'ING, n. A previous speaking or discourse, by 
way of apology, or to engage favor. 

BE-SPE€'KLE, v. t. To mark with speckles or spots. 
BE-SPrCE', V. t. To season with spices. S/iak, 
f BE-SPillT', or t BE-SPURT', t\ t. To spurt out, or over j 
to throw out in a stream or streams. 

BE-SPIT', V. t. pret. bespit ,* pp. bespity bespitten. To daub 
or soil with spittle. 

BE-SP6KE/, pret. and pp. of bespeak. 

BE-SPOT', V. t. To mark with spots. Jfortimer. 
BE-SPOT'TED, pp. Marked with spots. 

BE-SPOT'TING, ppr. Marking with spots. 

BE-SPREAD^, (be-spred') v. t. pret. and pp. bespread. To 
spread over: to cover over, 
t BE-SPRENT', part. Besprinkled. 

BE-SPRIN'KLE, v. t. To sprinkle over ; to scatter over ; 

as, to besprinkle with dust. 

BE-SPRIN'KLE D, pp. Sprinkled over. 

BE-SPRIN'KLER, n. One that sprinkles over. 
BE-SPRIN'KLING, ppr. Sprinkling over, 
t BE-SPUT'TER, v. t. To sputter over. 

BEST, a. superlative. [Sax. best.] Literally, most advanced. 
Hence, 1. Most good" •, having good qualities in the higli- 
est degree. 2. Most advanced ; most accurate ; as, the 
best scholar. 3. Most correct or complete. 4. T/ie best. 
This phrase is elliptical, and may be variously interpret- 
ed ; as, the utmost power ; the strongest endeavor , the 
most, the highest perfection ; as, let a man do his best. 
5. Jit best, in the best manner ; in the utmost degree or 
extent.— To make the best of, to carry to its greatest per- 
fection. 

BES7\ adiu I. In the highest degree ; beyond all others ; as, 
to love one best. 2. To the most advantage ; with the 
most ease. 3. With most profit or success. 4. Most inti- 
mately or particularly ; most correctly. 
BEST-TEM'PERED, a. Having the most kind or mild tem- 
per. 

BE-STAIN', V. t. To mark with stains ; to discolor, eitlier 
the whole surface of a thing, or in spots. 

BE-STEAD', (be-sted') v. t. pret. and pp. bested. 1. To 
profit. Milton. 2. To accommodate. 3. To dispose. 
Spenser. 

* BE.S'TIAL, a. 1. Belonging to a beast, or to the class of 
beasts. 2. Having the qualities of a beast ; brutal ; below 
the dignity of reason or humanity *, carnal. 

BES-TIALM-TY, n. 1. The quality of beasts. 2. Unnatural 
connection with a beast. 

BES'TIAL-lZE, v. t. To make like a beast. 
BES'TIAL-LY, adv. Brutally •, in a manner below hu- 
manity. 

t BES'TIATE, V. t. To make like a beast •, to bestialize. 
BE-STJCK', V. t. pret. and pp. bestuck. To stick over, as 
with sharp points. 

BE-STlR', V. t. To put into brisk or vigorous action j to 
move with life and vigor. 

BE-STiR'REU, (be-sturd') pp. Roused into vigorous action *, 
quickened in action. 

BE-STiR'RING, ppr. Moving briskly ; putting into vigor- 
ous action. 

t BEST'NESS, n. The state of being best. Morton. 
tBE-STORM', V. i. To storm ; to rage. Youiiff. 

BE-STCW', V. t. 1. To give ; to confer ; to impart. 2. To 
give in marriage ; to dispose of. 3. To apply •, to place 
for the purpose of exertion, or use. 4. To lay out, or dis- 
pose of j to give in payment for. 5. To lay up in store j 
to deposit for safe-keeping ; to stow ; to place. 
BE-SToW'AL, 71. A conferring ; disposal. \ Little ttsed.] 
BE-SToW'ED, (be-stode') pp. Given gratuitously ; confer- 
red ; laid out ; applied •, deposited for safe-keeping. 
BE-ST5W'ER, n. One who bestows ; a giver ; a dis- 
poser. 

BE-ST5W'ING, ppr. Conferring gratuitously ; laying out ; 

applying ; depositing in store. 

BE-SToW'MENT, n. 1. The act of giving gratuitously ; a 
conferring. Edwards. 2. That which is conferred, or 
given ; donation. Thodey. 

BE-STRAD'DLE, v. t. To bestride, 
t BE-STRAUGHT', a. Distracted ; mad. Skak. 

* BE-STREW', V. t. pret. bestrewed ; j>p. bestreiccd, be- 
strown. To scatter over ; to besprinkle ; to strow, 

BE-STREW'ED, pp. of bestrew. 

BE-STRIDE', V. t. pret. bestrid ; pp. bestrid, bestridden. 1. 
To stride over ; to stand or sit with any thing b^'tween 
the legs, or with the legs extended across. 2. To step 
over. 

BE-STRID'ING, ppr. Extending the legs over any thing, so 
as to include it between them. 

BE-ETRf)VVN', pp. of bestrew. Sprinkled over. 
BE-STUCK', pp. of bestick. Pierced in various places with 
sharp points. 

BE-STUD', V. t. To set with studs : to adorn with bosses. 
BE-STUD*DED, pp. Adorned with studs. 


BE-STUD'DING, ppr. Setting with studs ; adorning as 
with bosses. 

BE-SURE', adv. Certainly. Lothrop. vulgarism.] 

I BE-SWIKE', (be-swik') v. t. [Sax. heswican.] To allure. 
Ooxoer. 

BET, n. [Sax. bad.] A wager j that which is laid, staked 
or pledged in a contest. 

BET, V. t. To lay a bet •, to lay a wager. 

BET, the old participle of beat, is obsolete or vulgar. 

BE-TaKE', V. t. pret. betook ; pp. betaken. [Sax. betcecan.] 
1 . To take to ; to have recourse to ; to apply ; to resort ; 
with the reciprocal pronoun. 2. Formerly, to take or 
seize. [06s.] Spenser. 

BE-TAK'EN, part, of betake. 

BE-TAKTNG,ppr. Having recourse to ; applying j resorting 

•f BE-TAUGHT', pret. of betake. Chaxicer. 

I BE-TEEM', V. t. To bring forth ; to produce j to shed j to 
bestow. Shak. 

Be'TEL, or Be'TLE, xi. A species of pepper, the leaves of 
which are chewed by the inhabitants of the East Indies. 

BE-THINK', v.t. pret. and pp. bethought. To call to mind *, 
to recall or bring to recollection, renection, or consideia- 
tion. 

BE-TIIINK', V. i. To have in recollection ; to consider. 

BETIl'LE-HEM, n. [Heb. the house of food or bread.] 1. A 
town in Judea, about six miles south-east of Jerusalem, 
famous for its being the place of Clirist’s nativity. 2. A 
hospital for lunatics ; coirupted into bedlam. 

BETH'LEM-lTE, xi. 1. An inhabitant of Bethlehem ; a lu- 
natic. — 2. In church history, the Bethlemites were a sort 
of monks. 

BE-TIIOEGHT', (be-thawt') pret. andpp, of bethink. 

BE-THIIALL', v. t. To enslave ; to reduce to bondage 5 to 
bring into subjection. [Little used.] 

BE-THUMP', V. t. To beat soundly. [Little xiscd.] 

BE-TIDE', V. t. pret. betid, or betided ; pp. betid, [be and 
tidej Sax. tidaxi.] To happen j to befall ; to come to. 

BE-TiDE', V. i. To come to pass j to happen. 

BE-T_iME', 1 adv. [be and time, that is, by the time.] 1. 

BE-TIMES', ) Seasonably ; in good season or time ; be- 
fore it is late^ 2. Soon ; in a short time. 

BE'TLE, or Be'TRE, n. A plant, called water-pepper. See 
Betel. 

BE-To'KEN, (be-to'kn) v. t. [Sax. betcecan.] I. To signify 
by some visible object ; to show by signs. 2. To foreshow 
by present signs. 

BE-To'KENED, pp. Foreshown ; previously indicated. 

BE-To'KEN-ING, ppr. Indicating by previous signs. 

BET'O-NY, XI. [L. betoxiica.] A genus of plants, of several 
species. 

BE-TOOK', pret. of betake. 

BE-T 6 RN', a. Torn in pieces. 

BE-TOSS', V. t. To toss 5 to agitate ; to disturb ; to put in 
violent motion. Shak. 

t BE-TRAP', v. t. To entrap ; to ensnare. Occlcve. 

BE-TRaY', V. t. [Betray seems to be a compound of be and 
dragan, to draw.] l. To deliver into tlie hands of an en- 
emy by treachery or fraud. 2. To violate by fraud or 
unfaithfulness. 3. To violate confidence by disclosing a 
secret. 4. To disclose, or permit to appear, wlint is in- 
tended to be kept secret, or what prudence would con- 
ceal. 5. To mislead or expose to inconvenience net fore- 
seen. C. To show ; to discover ; to indicate what is not 
obvious at first view, or would otherwise be concealed. 
7. To fail, or deceive. 

BE-TRaY'ED, (be-trS,de') pp. Delivered up in lireach of 
trust ; violated by unfaithfulness ; exposed by breach of 
confidence ; disclosed contrary to expectation or inten- 
tion ', made known ; discovered. 

BE-TRaY'ER, XI. One who betrays ; a traitor. 

BE-TRaY'ING, ppr. Delivering up treacherously ; violat- 
ing confidence ; disclosing contrary to intention ; expos- 
ing ; discovering. 

BE-TRIM', V. t. To deck ; to dress ; to adorn ; to grace j fx) 
embellish ; to beautify ; to decorate. 

BE-TRIM'MED, (be-trimd ) pp. Adorned ; decorated. 

BE-T RIM' MING, ppr. Decking; adorning; embellishing. 

BE-TROTH', v. t. 1. To contract to any one, in order to a 
future marriage ; to promise or pledge one to be the future 
spouse of another ; to affiance. 2. To contract with one 
for a future spouse ; to espouse. 3. To nominate to a bisJi- 
opric, in order to consecration. 

BE-TROTH'ED, (be-trolht') pp. Contracted for future mar- 
riage. 

BE-TROTII'ING, ppr. Contracting to any one, in order to a 
future marriage, as the father or guardian ; contracting 
with one for a future wife, as the intended husband ; 
espousing. 

BE-TROTIJ'MENT, n. A mutual promise or contract be- 
tween tw'o parties, for a future marriage between the per- 
sons betrothed ; espousals. 

BE-TRUST', V. t. To intrust ; to commit to another in con- 
fidence of fidelity ; to confide. 

BE-TRUST'ED,pp. Intrusted; confided ; committed in trust. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— B|JLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TII as in this^ f Obsolete 


BEW 


86 


BIA 


BE-TRUST/ING,p/n-. Intrusting} committing in trust. 

BE-TRUST'MENT, n. The act of intrusting ; the thing in- 
trusted. 

BET'SO, n. The smallest Venetian coin. Mason. 

fBETT, adv. [Sax. bet.] Tlie old English word for bettor. 
Chaucer. 

BET'TER, a. comp. [Sax. bet, more, better ; betere, betera, 
better.] 1. Having good qualities in a greater degree 
than another ; applied to physical, acquired or moral 
qualities. 2. More advantageous. 3. More acceptable. 
4. More safe. 5. Improved in health ; less affected with 
disease. — 6. To be better off, to be in a better condition. — 
7. To have the better, is to have the advantage or superi- 
ority. — 8. To get or gain the better, is to obtain the ad- 
vantage, superiority or victory. — 9. For the better, is for 
the advantage or improvement. 

BET'TER, adv. 1. In a more excellent manner ; with more 
skill and wisdom, virtue, advantage or success. 2. More 
correctly, or fully. 3. With superior excellence. 4. With 
more affection ; in a higher degree. 

BET'TER, V. t. [Sax. beterian, betriaji.] 1. To improve •, 
to meliorate ; to increase the good qualities of. 2. To 
surpass ; to exceed. 3. To advance ; to support j to give 
advantage to. 

BET'TER, n. A superior *, one who has a claim to prece- 
dence on account of his rank, age, or office. 

BET'TERED, pp. Improved ; meliorated ; made better. 

BET^TER-ING, ppr. Slaking better ; improving. 

BET'TER-ING-HOUSE, n. A house for the reformation of 
offenders. 

BET'TER-MENT, n. Improvement. W. Montague. 

BET'TER-NESS, n. Superiority. Tooker. 

BET'TING, n. Proposing a wager. Shencood. 

BET'TOR, n. One who bets or lays a wager. 

BET'TY, 71. An instrument to break open doors. 

BE-TUM BLED, a. Rolled about ; tumbled ; disordered. 

BE-TWAT'TLED, a. Confounded j overpowered •, stupe- 
fied. 

BE-TWEEN', prep, \ffstxx. betweonan,bctwynan.] 1. In the 
Intermediate space, without regard to distance. 2. From 
one to another ; passing from one to another, noting ex- 
change of actions or intercourse. 3. Belonging to two or 
more, in common or partnership. 4. Having mutual re- 
lation to two or more. 5. Noting difference, or discrimina- 
tion of one from another. 

BE-TWIXT', prep. [Sax. betwyx, betioyxt.] 1. Between ; 
in the space that separates two persons or things. 2. 
Passing between ; from one to another, noting inter- 
course. 

BEV'EL, n. [Fr. buveau.] 1. Among masons, carpenters, 
joiners, &c., an instrument, or kind of square, one leg of 
which is frequently crooked, according to the sweep of an 
arch or vault. It is movable on a point or centre, and so 
may be set to any angle. An angle that is not square 
is called a bevel angle, whether obtuse or acute. 2. A 
curve, or inclination of a surface from a right line. 

BEV'EL, a. Crooked ; awry ; oblique. Bailey. 

BEV'EIi, V. t. To cut to a bevel angle. Moxon. 

BEV'EL, v.i. To curve 5 to incline towards a point, or from 
a direct line. 

BEV'ELED, pp. Formed to a bevel angle. Kirwan. 

BEV'EL-ING, ppr. Forming to a bevel angle. 

BEV'EL-ING, a. Curving ; bending from a right line. 

BEV'EL-ING, lu 1. A hewing of timber with a proper and 
regular curve, according to a mold laid on one side of its 
surface. 2. The curve or bevel of timber. 

BEV'EL-MENT, n. In mineralogy, bevehnent supposes the 
removal of two contiguous segments from the edges, an- 
gles or terminal faces of the predominant form, thereby 
producing two new faces, inclined to each other at a cer- 
tain angle, and forming an edge. Cleaveland. 

BOVVER. See Beaver. 

t BEV'ER, n. [It. bevere.] A small repast between meals. 

BEV'ER, V. i. To take a small repast between meals. 

BEV'ER-AGE, n. [It. beveraggio.] 1. Drink *, liquor for 
drinking. It is generally used of a mixed liquor. 2. A 
treat on wearing a new suit of clothes ; a treat on first 
coming into prison ; a garnish. — 3. In England, water- 
cider, a mixture of cider and water. 

BEV'ILE, n. In heraldry, a thing broken or opening, like a 
carpenter’s bevel. 

BEVY, n. A flock of birds ; hence, a company ; an assem- 
bly or collection of persons ; usually applied to females. 

BE-WaIL', V. t. To bemoan 5 to lament •, to express sorrow 
for. 

BE-WaIL', V. i. To express grief. Shak. 

BE-WaIL'A-BLE, a. That may be lamented. 

BE-WaIL'ED, (be-wald') pp. Lamented ; bemoaned. 

BE-WaIL'ER, n. One who laments or bewails. Ward. 

ilE-WAlLTNG, ppr. Lamenting ; bemoaning ; expressing 
grieffor. 

BE-WaILTNG, n. Lamentation. Raleigh. 

t BE-WaKE^, V. t. To keep awake. Oower. 

BE-WARE', 7;. i. [Sax. bewerian, bewarian, gcwarian.] Lit- 


erally, to restrain or guard one’s self from. Hence, to re- 
gard with caution ; to avoid ; to take care. 

BE- WEEP', V. t. To weep over j to bedew with tears. Shak. 
[Little used.] 

BE- WEEP', V. i. To make lamentation. [Little used.] 
BE-WEPT', p/;. Wept over; bedewed with tears. [Little 
used.] 

t BE-WET', V. t. To wet ; to moisten. 

BE-WHoRE', V. t. To corrupt with regard to chastity. 

Beaum. and Fletcher. To pronounce a whore. Shak. 
BE-WIL'DER, V. t. [D3in.forvilder,vilder ,• D. verwilderen.] 
To lead into perplexity or confusion ; to lose in pathless 
places ; to perplex with mazes. 

BE-WIL'DERED, pp. Lost in mazes ; perplexed with dis- 
order, confusion, or intricacy. 

BE-WIL'DER-ING, ppr. Losing in a pathless place ; per- 
plexing with confusion or intricacy, 
t BE-WIN'TER, V. t. To make like winter. 

BE-WITCH', V. t. 1. To fascinate ; to gain an ascendancy 
over by charms or incantation. 2. To charm ; to fasci- 
nate ; to please to such a degree as to take away the pow- 
er of resistance. 3. To deceive and mislead by juggling 
tricks or imposture. 

BE-WITCH'ED, (be-wichf) pp. Fascinated ; charmed. 
BE-WITCH'ED-NESS, n. State of being bewitched. Bp. 
Oauden. 

BE-WITCH'ER, n. One that bewitches or fascinates. 
BE-WITCH'ER-Y, n. Fascination ; charm ; resistless pow- 
er of any thing that pleases. 

BE-WITCH'FUL, a. Alluring ; fascinating. 
BE-WITCH'ING, ppr. Fascinating ; charming. 
BE-WITCH'ING, a. That has power to bewitch or fas- 
cinate ; that has power to control by the arts of pleasing. 
BE-WITCH'ING-LY, adv. In a fascinating manner. 
BE-WITCH'MENT, n. Fascination ; power of charming, 
t BE-W6N'DERED, a. Amazed. Fairfax. 

BE-WRAP', (be-rap') v. t. To wrap up. 

BE-WRaY', (be-ra') v. t. [Sax. wrecan, to tell ; awreon, 
onwreon, to reveal.] To disclose perfidiously ; to betray ; 
to show or make visible. [TVtis word is nearly anti- 
quated.] 

BE-WRaY'ED, (be-rade*) pp. Disclosed ; indicated ; be 
trayed ; exposed to view. 

BE-WRa Y'ER, n. A divulger of secrets ; a discoverer. 
BE-WRAiT'ING, ppr. Disclosing; making known or visi- 
ble. 

t BE-WREGK', (be-rek') v. t. To ruin ; to destroy, 
t BE-WROUGHT', (be-rawt') a. Worked. Ben Jonson. 
BEY, (ba) n. In the Turkish dominions, a governor of a 
town or particular district of country ; also, in some 
places, a prince ; the same as the Arabic beg. See Beg. 
BE-YOND', prep. [Sax. begeond, begeondan.] 1. On the 
further side of; on the side most distant, at any indefinite 
distance from that side. 2. Before ; at a place not yet 
reached. Pope. Past ; out of reach of ; further than 
any given liinif.^^'^rd. Above ; in a degree exceeding or 
surpassing ; proceeding to a greater degree. — To go be- 
yond is a phrase which expresses an excess in some action 
or scheme ; to exceed in ingenuity, in research, or in any 
thing else ; hence, in a bad sense, to deceive or circum- 
vent. 

BE-YOND', adv. At a distance ; yonder. Spencer. 

BEZ'AN, 71. A cotton cloth from Bengal, white or striped. 
BE-ZANT', 77. A gold coin of Byzantium. See Byzant. 
BE-ZANT'LER, n. [from antler.] The branch of a deer’s 
horn, next above the brow antler. 

BEZ'EL, n. [Sw. betzel, a rein.] The upper part of the col- 
let of a ring, which encompasses and fastens the stone. 
BE'ZoAR, n. [Pers.] I. An antidote ; a general name for 
certain animal substances supposed to be efficacious in 
preventing the fatal effects of poison. Beioar is a calca- 
rious concretion found in the stomach of certain ruminant 
animals. — 2. In a more general se7wc,any substance form- 
ed, stratum upon stratum, in the stomach or intestines of 
animals. — Fossil-bezoar is a figured stone, formed, like the 
animal bezoar, with several coats round some extraneous 
body, which serves as a nucleus ; found chiefly in Sicily, 
in sand and clay pits. — Bezoar -mineral. An oxyd of anti- 
010115% 

BEZ-O-AR'DIG, a. Pertaining to or compounded of bezoar. 
BEZ-0-AR'Dl€, n. A medicine compounded with bezoar. 
BEZ-0-AR'TI-€AL, a. Having the qualities of an antidote 
BEZ'O-LA, 71. A fish of the truttaceous kind, 
t BEZ'ZLE, V. t. To waste in riot. 

BHU-CHAMP'A€, n. A beautiful plant of India. 

BI'A, 71. In commerce, a small shell called a cowry, much 
valued in the East Indies. 

BI-AN'GU-LATE, 1 a. [L. bis and angulus.] Having 
BI-AN'GU-LA-TED, > two angles or corners. [Little 
Bi-AN'GU-LOUS, ) 'iLsed.] 

BI-ARM'I-AN, a. Noting a race of Finns in Perme. 

Bl'AS, n. [Arm. bihays, or vies ; Fr. biais.] 1. A weight on 
the side of a bowl, which turns it from a straight line. 
2. A leaning of the mind ; inclination ; prepossession ; 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, tj, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 


BID 


87 


BIG 


propensity towards an object. 3 . That which causes the 
mind to lean or incline from a state of indifference to a 
particular object or course. 

BI AS, V. t To incline to one side ; to warp ; to give a par- 
ticular direction to the mind ; to prejudice ; to prepos- 


S6SS* 

t BI'A*S-DRAW-ING, n. Partiality. Shale. 

BI'ASED, pp. Inclined from a right line ; warped ; preju- 
diced. 

Bl'AS-lNG, ppr. Giving a bias, particular direction, or pro- 
pensity 5 warping j prejudicing, 
t BI'AS-NESS, 11. Inclination to some side 
BIB, 71. 1 . A small piece of linen, or other cloth, worn by 
children over the breast. 2 . A fish about a foot in length, 
the back of a light olive, the sides yellow, and the belly 
white. 

BIB, V. i. [L. bibo.] To sip j to tipple ; to drink frequently. 
[Little 77i'cd.] Locke. 

BI-Ba'CiOUS, a. [L. bibax.] Addicted to drinking ; dis- 
posed to ijnbibe. 

t BtBAC'I-TY, n. The quality of drinking much. 

BIB BER, n. A tippler ; a man given to drinking ; chiefly 
used in composition \ as, winebibber. 

BIB'BLE-BAB'BLE, n. Idle talk *, prating to no purpose. 

Shale, [ji low word, and not used ] 

BIBT- 0 , 11. A name of the wine fly, a small insect. 

BI'BLE, 77. [Gr. (oiphov, (^c 0 \og, a book.] THE BOOK, by 
way of eminence ; the sacred volume, m which are con- 
tained the revelations of God. 

BIB'LER, n. A tipler ; a great drinker. 

BIB'LI-€AL, a. Pertaining to the Bible. 
BIB-LI-OG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. pipXog and ypa(po).] One 
who composes or compiles the history of books ; one 
skilled in literary history ; a transcriber. 
BIB-LI- 0 -GRAPH'i€, ) a. Pertaining to the history of 
BIB-LI- 0 -GRAPH'I-€AL, J books. 

BIB-LI-OG'RA-PH Y, n. A history or description of books ; 
the perusal of books, and manuscripts, with notices of the 
different editions, the times when they were printed, and 
other information tending to illustrate the history of liter- 
ature. 

BIB'LI-O-LITE, 71 . [Gr. piPXiov and Xi 0 o?.] Bookstone. 
BIB-LI-OM'AN-CY, n. [Gr. piPXog and pavrua.] A kind 
of divination, performed by means of the Bible, consist- 
ing in selecting passages of Scripture at hazard, and 
drawing from them indications concerning things future. 
Southey. 

BIB-LI-o-Ma^NI-A, 77. [Gr. /Ji/SXiov and pavia.'] Book-mad- 
ness ; a rage for possessing rare and curious books. 
BIB-LI- 0 -JMa'NI-A€, n. One who has a rage for books. 
BIB-LI-OP 0 -LIST, 77. [Gr. PipXiov and TrwXew.j A book- 
seller. 

B 1 B-LI- 0 -THe'-€AL, a. [L. bibliotheca.] Belonging to a 
library. 

BIB-LI-OTIPE-GA-RY, n. A librarian. Hall. 
BIB-LI-O-THeKE', 77. A library. Bale. 

BIB LIST, 77. I. With the Romanists, one who makes the 
Scriptures the sole rule of faith. 2 . One who is conver- 
sant with the Bible. 

Bl-BRA€'TE-ATE, a. Doubly bracteate. Eaton. 
BIB'iJ-LOUS, 77. [L. i-7Z777.ZMs.] Spungy j that has the quality 
of imbibing fluids or moisture. 

EI-CAP SU-LAR, a. [L. bis and capsiila.] In botany, hav 
ing two capsules containing seeds, to each flow’er/ 
BI-OAR'BO-NATE, n. Supercarbomite ; a embonate con- 
taining two primes of carbonic acid. 

BI-€AU'DA, 77. A fish of tlie sword-fish kind. 

BICE, or BISE, n. Among painters, a blue color. 
BI-CU’'I-TAL, I a. [L. biceps and caput.] Having two 
Bl-CiP I-TOUS, \ heads. Applied to the muscles, it 
fies having two heads or origins j and any such muscle is 
denominated biceps. 

BIGK'ER, r. 7. [W. bicra ; Scot, bicker.] 1 . To skirmish; 
to fight off and on. [But in this sense rarely used.] 2 . 
To qu irrel ; to contend in words ; to scold ; to contend in 
petulant altercation. 3 . To move quickly ; to quiver; to 
be tremulous, like flame or water. Milton 
BiCK ER-ER, n. One who bickers, or engages in a petty 
quarrel. 

BIOK'ER-ING, ppr. Quarreling; contending; quivering, 
t Bi€K ER-MENT, 77. Contention. Spenser. 

BIGK'EIIN, 71 . An iron ending in a beak or point. 
BI'GORN, 77. [L. bicornis.] A plant wliose anthers have 
the appearance of two horns. 


COR^^OU^ I Having t\vo horns. Browne. 

BT-COR'PO-RAL, a. [L. bicorpor.] Having two bodies. 
BID, V. t. pret. bid, or bade ; pp. bid, hidden. [Sax. biddav.] 
1. To ask ; to request ; to invite. 2. To command ; to 
order, or direct. 3 . To ofier ; to propose. 4 . To pro- 
claim ; to make known by a public voice. [Of/s.] Shale. 
5 . To pronounce or declare. 6. To denounce, or threaten. 
7 . To wish, or pray. — To bid beads, is to pray with beads, 


as the Catholics. — To bid fair, is to open or offer a good 
prospect ; to appear fair. 

BID, or BID'DEN, pp. of bid. Invited ; offered ; com- 
manded. 

BID, 77. yVn offer of a price ; a word much used at auctions. 

BID'ALE, 77. In England, an invitation of friends to drink 
ale at seme poor man’s house, and there to contribute in 
charity. 

BID'DER, 77. One who offers a price. Burke. 

BID'DHNG, pp7'. Inviting; oftering ; commanding. 

BID'DHVG, 11. Invitation; command; order; a proclama- 
tion or notifying. Shak. 

BIDE, 77. 7. [fcax. Z77da77.] 1 . To dwell ; to inhabit. 2 . To 
remain ; to continue, or be, permanent, in a place or state. 
[jy'early antiquated.] Shak. 

BIDE, 77. t. To endure ; to suffer. Shale. 

BBDEKS, 77. A plant, bur marigold. Muhlenberg. 

BI-DENT^AL, 77. VL. bidens.] Having two teeth. 

BI-DET', 77. [Fr.] A small horse. 

BID'ING, ppr. Dwelling ; continuing ; remaining. 

BID ING, 77. Residence ; habitation. Rowe. 

BID'ON, 77. A measure of liquids. 

Bl-EN'NI-AL, 77. [L. biennis.] 1 . Continuing for two years ; 
or happening, or taking place, once in two years. 2. in 
botany, continuing for two years, and then perishing. 

BI-EN'Nl-AL-LY, adv. Once in two years ; at the return 
oj two years. 

BIeR, 77. [Sax. bwr.] A carriage or frame of wood for con- 
veying dead human bodies to the grave. 

BIeR'-BALK, 77. Ihe dmreh road for burials. [JTct used 
ii^ America.] Homilies. 

BIeST'INGS, 77. phi. [Sax. bijst, or bysting ; Ger. biest- 
milch.] The first milk given by a cow after calving. 

EI-Fa'RI-OHS, a. [L. bifarius.] Two-fold. In botany, 
pointing two ways. 

BI-Fa'R 1 -OUS-LY, adv. In a bifarious manner. 

BiF'ER-OUS, a. [L. bifer, 67/67*775.] Bearing fruit twice a 
year. 

BI'FID, 1 a. [L. hifdus, bifdatus.] In betavy, two- 

BIFT-DATE, i cleft ; divided ; opening with a cleft. 

BiF'LO-KOLS, a. [L. bis and Jlorco.] Bearing two flowers. 
Marty 11 . 

BI'FoLD, a. [L. his, and/7>Zd.] Two fold ; double ; of two 
kinds, degi'ees, &C. 

Bl'FORM, a. [L. 67/o7*77i75.] Having two forms, bodies, or 
shapes. 

BTFOKMED, a. Compouiidcd of twm forms. 

BI-FORJM'I-TY, 11. A double fomi. Mere. 

Bi'FUR-€A'i E, \a. [L,. bifurcus.] Forked; d haded into 

Bl'FUR-€A-TED, \ two branches. 

Bi-FUII-€a'TION', 77. A forking, or division into twe 
brandies. 

BI-FUR'eOUS, 77. Two-forked. Coles. 

BIG, a. 1 . Bulky ; protuberant ; pregnant. 2 . Great , 
large. 3 . Full ; fraught, and about to have vent, or b^ 
brought forth. 4 . Distended ; full, as with grief or pas- 
sion. Shak. 5 . Swelled; tumid; inflated, as with pride ; 
hence, haughty in air or mien, or indicating haughtiness ; 
proud. G. Great in spirit ; lofty ; brave. 

BIG, 77. A kind of barley. 

t BIG, V. t. [Snx. byggan.] To build. 

t EIG'AM, 77. A bigamist. Bp. Peacock. 

RiE^A-MlST, 77. One who has committed bigamy, or had 
two wives at once. 

BIG'A-MY, 77. [L. his, and Gr. yapog.] The crime of having 
t\vo wives at once, or a plurality of wives. 

BIG BEL-LIED, a. Having a great belly ; advanced in 
pregnancy. 

BiG-BoN'ED, 77. Having large bones. Herbert. 

BIG'GORNED, a. Having large grains. Dri.den. 

BI-GEBFI-NATE, a. [L. bis and geminus.l 'I win-forked. 

BIG'GEL, 77. A quadruped of the East indies. 

BIG'GEN, V. 7. To recover after lying in. L’rockett. 

BIG'GIN, 77. [Fr. 6en-77!7?.] 1 . A child’s cap, or something 
worn about the head. 2 . A building. Obs. [Sax. byggan.] 
Shak. 

BIGHT, (bite) v. [D. 677^^.] 1. A bend, or small bay be- 
tween two points of land. 2 . The double part of a rope 
when folded, in distinction from the end ■ that is, a round, 
bend, or coil, an}'' where except at the ends. 3 . The in- 
ward bent of a horse’s chambrel, and the bent of the fore 
knees. 

BIG'LY, adv. In a tumid, sw*elling, blustering manner; 
haughtily. 

BIG'NAXIED, a. Having a great or famous name. 

BIG'NESS, 77. Bulk; size ; largeness ; dimensions. 

BIG'OT, 77. [Fr. bigot.] 1 . A person who is obstinately and 
unreasonably wedded to a paiticiilar religious creed, opin- 
ion, practice, or ritual. 2 . A Venetian liquid measure. 

BTG'OT, } a. Obstinately and blindly attached to some 

BIG'OT-ED, i creed, opinion, practice, or ritual. 

BIG/OT-ED-LY, adv. In the manner of a bigot ; pertina- 
cionslv. 

BIG'OT*-RY, 77. 1 . Obstinate or blind attachment to a 


♦ See SynopsU. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; Oil as SH ; TH as in this. | ObsolUe. 


BIL 


88 BIN 


particular creed ; unreasonable zeal or warmth in favor of 
a party, sect, or opinion ; excessive prejudice. 2. The 
practice or tenet of a bigot. Pope. 

BIG SOU_ND-ING, a. Having a pompous sound. 

BJG-SWoLN, a. Swelled to a large size ; turgid j greatly 
swelled : ready to burst. 

BIG'-UD-DERED, a. Having large udders, or udders 
swelled with milk. Pope. 

BI-HY-DROG'LT-RET, 71. A double hydroguret, or with two 
atoms of hydrogen. 

Bl-Ju'GOUS, a. [L. bis and jug um.] Having two pairs of 
leaflets. 

BI-La'BI-ATE, a. [L. bis and labium.] Having two lips, as 
the corols of flowers. 

BI-LAM'EL-LATE, a. [L. bis and lamella.] Having the 
form of a flatted sphere, longitudinally bifid. 

BI'LAND-ER, n. [D. bylander.] A small merchant vessel 
with two masts. It is a kind of hoy, manageable by four 
or five men, and used chiefly in the canals of the Low 
Countries. 

BI-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. bis and latus.] Having two sides. 

BIL'BER-RY, n. The name of a shrub and its fruit j a spe- 
cies oi vaccinium^ or whortle-berry. 

BIL'BO, n. A rapier ; a sword ; so named, it is said, from 
Bilboa, in Spain, where the best are made. 

BIL'BoES, n. pin. On board of ships, long bars or bolts of 
iron, used to confine the feet of prisoners or offenders. 

BIL'BO-Q.UET, 71. [Fr.] The toy called a cup and ball. 

BILD, V. t. ; pret. bilded, bill ; pp. bilded, bill, [G. hilden ; 
Dan. bilder.] To construct ; to erect ; to set up and finish. 
[This is tlie true orthography. See Build.] 

BILD^STElN, n. Agalmatolitc, or figure-stone. 

BILE, 77. [L. bills Fr. bile.] A yellow, bitter liquor, sep- 
arated from the blood in the liver, collected in the port 
biliarii, and gall bladder, and thence discharged b}' the 
common duct into the duodenum. 

BILE, 71. An inflamed tumor. [See Boil, the correct or- 
thography.] 

BILE'DUCT, 71. \bile, and L. ductus.] A vessel or canal to 
convey bile. Varwm. 

BILE/STONE, 71. A concretion of viscid bile. 

BILGE, 71. [a different orthography of bulge.] 1. The pro- 
tuberant part of a cask. 2. The breadth of a ship’s 
bottom. 

BILGE, V. i. To suffer a fracture in the bilge j to spring a 
leak by a fracture in the bilge. 

BILGED, pp. or a. Having a fracture in the bilge. This 
participle is often used, as if the verb were transitive. 

BILGE'-PUMP, n. A burr-pump ; a pump to draw the 
bilge-^vater from a ship. 

BILGE'-WA-TER, 71. Water which enters a ship, and lies 
upon her bilge, or bottom. 

BIL'IA-RY, a. [L. 6ih'6'.] Belonging' to the bile j conveying 
the bile. 

BIL'INGS-GATE, n. [from a place of this name in London, 
frequented by low people, who use foul language.] Foul 
language 5 ribaldry. 

Bl-Lli\*GLJOUS, a. [L. bis and lingTia.] Having two 
tongues, or speaking two languages. 

BIL*IOGS,<i. [ L. feiZiosas.] Pertaining to bile j consisting or 
partaking of bile •, caused by a redundancy, or bad state 
of the bile. 

BI-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. bis and litera.] Consisting of two 
letters. 

BI-LlVE', adv. The same as belivc. 

BILK, V. t. [Goth, bilaikan.] To frustrate or disappoint *, to 
deceive or defraud by non-fulfillment of engagement. 

BILK'ED, pp. Disappointed; deceived; defrauded. 

BILK'ING, pyr. Frustrating ; defrauding. 

BILL, n. [Sax. bile.] 1. The beak of a fowl. 2. An in- 
strument used by plumbers, basket-makers, and garden- 
ers, made in the form of a crescent, and fitted with a 
handle. 

BILL, n. [Sax. bil.] A pick-a.Te, or mattock ; a battle-axe. 

BILL, 71. [Norm, bille.] 1. In Za?c, a declaration, in writing, 
expressing some wrong or fault. — 2. In laic, and in com- 
nnerce, in England, an obligation or security given for 
money, but without forfeiture for non-payment. 3. A 
form or draft of a law, presented to a legislature, but not 
enacted. 4. An advertisement posted. 5. Any written 
paper, containing a statement of particulars, or amount of 
goods sold. 6. A bill of exchange is an order drawn on a 
person, requesting him to pay money to some person 
assigned by the drawer. 7. A bill of entry is a written 
account of goods entered at the custom house. 8. A bill 
of lading is a written account of goods shipped by any 
erson. 9. A bill of 7nortality is an account of the num- 
er of deaths in a place, in a given time. 10. Bank-bill. 
[See Bank.] 11. A bill of rights is a summary of rights 
and privileges claimed by a people. 12. A bill of di- 
vorce, in the Jewish law, was a writing given by the hus- 
band to the wife, by which the marriage relation was 
dissolved, 

BILL, V, i. To join bills, as doves ; to caress in fondness. 


BILL, V. t. To advertise by a bill or public notice j a cant 
word. L^Estrange. 

BILLIARD, 71. A bastard or imperfect capon ; also, a fish of 
the cod kind. Ash. 

BILL'ET, 71. [Fr. billet.] A small paper or note in writing, 
used for various purposes ; sometimes it is a short letter, 
addressed to some person ; soraetimes a ticket directing 
soldiers at what house to lodge. 

BILL'ET, 71. [Fr. billot.] A small stick of wood. 

BILL'ET, V. t. To direct a soldier by a ticket or note where 
to lodge ; to quarter, or place in lodgings. 

BILL'E'T-DOUX, (bil'le-doo) n. [Fr.] A love billet. 

BILL'ET-ING, ppr. Q.uartering, as soldiers in private 
houses. 

BILLftARD, (bil’yard) a. Pertaining to the game of billiards. 

BILL'IARDS, (bil'yardz) ?i. plu. [Fr. billard.] A game 
played on a rectangular table, covered with a green cloth, 
\vith small ivory balls, which the players aim to drive into 
hazard-nets, or pockets, at the sides and corners of the 
tables, by impelling one ball against another, with maces, 
or cues. 

BILL'ION, (bil'yun) 71 . [L. bis, and 7nillion.] A million of 
millions ; as many millions as there are units in a million. 

BIL'LoW, n. [Dan. bblge ; Sw. bblja.] A great wave or 
surge of the sea, occasioned usually by violent wind. 

BIL'LoW, V. i. To swell ; to rise and roll in large waves, 
or surges. Prior. 

BIL'LoW-BEAT-EN, a. Tossed by billows. 

BIL'LoW-ING, ppr. Swelled into large waves or surges. 

BIL'LoW-Y, a. Swelling, or swelled into large waves ; 
wavy ; full of billows, or surges. 

t BIL'MAN, n. He who uses a bill. 

BI-LoB'ED, or BI-Lo'BATE, a. [L. bis, and Gr. XojSof.] 
Divided into two lobes. 

Bl-LOC'U-LAR, a. [L. bis and loculus.] Divided mto two 
cells, or containing two cells internally, 

BIL'VA, 71. The Hindu name of a plant. 

Bi-Ma'NOUS, a. [L. bis and ma7ius.] Having two hands. 
Man is ihnawoMS. Lawrence. 

BI-Me DI-AL, a. [L. bis and medial.] 1. In mathematics, 
if two medial lines, A B and B C, commensurable only in 
power, and containing a rational rectangle, are com- 
pounded, the whole line A C will be irrational, and is 
called a first bimcdial line. 2. Belonging to a quantity 
arising from a particular combination of two other quanti- 
ties. 

BIN, 71. [Sax. binn, or binne.] A wooden box or chest, used 
as a repository of corn or other commodities. 

t BIN. The old word for be and been. 

BIN'A-€LE, n. [Formerly, bittacle.] A wooden case, or 
box, in which the compass and lights are kept on board a 
ship. 

Bl'NA-RY, a. [L. bmus.] Two ; dual. — Binai'y 7iumber is 
that which is composed of two units. 

Bl'NA-RY, 71. The constitution of two. Fotherby. 

Bi'NATE, a. [L. bvius.] Being double, or in couples ; grow- 
ing in pairs. 

BIND, V. t. pret. bou7id ; pp. bound, and obs. bounden. 
[Sax. bin dan.] 1. To tie together, or confine with a cord, 
ot any thing that is flexible ; to fasten, as with a band, 
fillet, or ligature. 2. To gird, inwrap, or involve ; to 
confine by a wrapper, cover, or bandage. 3. To confine, 
or restrain, as with a chain, fetters, or cord. 4. To re- 
stra'm in any manner. 5. To oblige by a promise, vow, 
stipulation, covenant, law, duty, or any other moral tie ; 
to engage. 6. To confirm or ratify. 7. To distress, 
trouble, or confine by infirmity. 8. To constrain by a 
powerful influence or persuasion. 9. To restrain the nat- 
ural discharges of the bowels ; to make costive. 10. To 
form a border ; to fasten with a band, ribin, or any thing 
that strengthens the edges. 11. To cover wdth leather, or 
any thing firm ; to sew together and cover. 12. To cover 
or secure by a band. 13. To oblige to serve, by contract. 
14. To make hard or firm. — To bind to, is to contract. — 
To bind over, is to oblige by bond to appear at a court. 

BIND, v.i. 1- To contract ; to grow hard or stiff. 2. To 
grow or become costive. 3. To be obligatory. 

BIND, 71. A stalk of hops, so called from its winding round 
a pole, or tree, or being bound to it. 

BIND'ER, n. 1. A person who binds ; one whose occupa- 
tion is to bind books ; one who binds sheaves. 2. Any 
thing that binds, as a fillet, or band. 

BiND'ER-Y, 71. A place where books are bound. 

BiND'ING, pjrr. Fastening with a band ; confining ; re- 
straining ; covering or wrapping ; obliging by a promise 
or other moral tie ; making costive ; contracting; making 
hard or stiff. 

BIND'ING, a. That obliges ; obligatory. 

BIND'ING, 71. The act of fastening with a band, or obliging ; 
a bandage | the cover of a book, with the sewing and ac- 
companying work ; any thing that binds ; something that 
secures the edge of cloth. 

BlND'-WEED, 71. A genus of plants, called convolvulus. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, T, C, V, Y, long.-~FliU, FALI,, WHAT PREY ;~PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


BIS 


BIR 69 


BING, n. In alum works j a heap of alum thrown together 
in order to drain. 

BIN'0-€LE, n. [L. Units and ocuZu5.] A dioptric telescope, 
fitted with two tubes joining, so as to enable a person to 
view an object with both eyes at once. 

BI-NO€'U-LAIl, a. Having two eyes j also, having two 
apertures, or tubes. 

BI-x\0'M[-AL, a. [L. his and nomcn.] In algebra^ a root 
consisting of two members, connected by the sign plus or 
minus. 

BI-NOM'I-NOUS, a. [L. bis and nomen.] Having two 
names. 

Bl-NOT/Q-NOUS, a. Consisting of two notes. 

BI-OG'RA-PHER, n. One who writes an account or history 
of the life and actions of a particular person ; a w’riter of 
lives. 

BI-O-GRAPIFIC, ) a. Pertaining to biography, or the 

Bl-0-GRAPH'I-€AL, ^ history of the life of a person j 
containing biography. 

BI-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ( 3 io? and ypatjjo).] The history of 
the life and character of a particular person. 

BI-O-TPNA, 71. A Vesuvian mineral. 

BIOV A€, or BIHOVAC. See Bivouac. 

BIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. bis and pai'io.] Bringing forth two at a 
birth. 

ET-PaRTT-BLE, or BIP'AR-TILE, a. [L. bis and partio.] 
That may be divided into two parts. 

BI-PAR'TIENT, a. [Li. bis and partio, partiens.] Dividing 
into two parts. 

BIP'AR-TiTE, a. [L. bis and partitus.] 1. Having two cor- 
respondent parts. — 2. In botany, divided into two parts to 
the base, as a leaf. 

BI-PAR-Tl 'TION, 71. The act of dividing into two parts, 
or of making two correspondent parts. 

BT'PED, 77. [L. bipes.'\ An animal having two feet, as man. 

BIP'E-DAL, a. Having two feet, or the length of two feet. 

BI-PEN'NATE, a. [L. his and penna.'\ 1. Having two 
wings. — 2. In botany, having pinnate leaves. 

BT-PET'A-LOUS, a. [L. bis, and Gr. nzraXov.] Consisting 
of two flower leaves j having two petals. 

BT-PIN'NA-TI-FID, | a. [L. ftis, pin/ia, and^ndo.] Doubly- 

BI-PEN'NA-TI-FID, j pm natifid; having pinnatifid leaves 
on each side of the petiole. 

BI-Q,UAD'RATE, n. [L. bis and quadratus.] In mathemat- 
ics, tlie fourth power, arising from the multiplication of a 
square by itself. 

BI-^UAD-RAT'I€, n. The same as biquadrate. 

BI-Q.UAD-RATTC, a. Pertaining to the biquadratic, or 
fourth power. 

BI-Q,UINn.’ILE, 71. [L. bis and quintus.] An aspect of the 
planets, when they are distant from each other, by twice 
the fifth part of a great circle. 

BT-Ra'DI-ATE, 1 a. [L. bis and radiatus.'] Having two 

BI-RA'DI-A-TED, \ rays. 

BiRCH, 71. [Sax. birce.] A genus of trees, the betula, of 
which there are several species. 

bIrCh’eN I ^rade of birch ; consisting of birch. 

BiRCH WINE, 71. Wine made of the vernal juice of 
birch. 

BIRD, 77. [Sax. bird, or bridd, a chicken.] 1. Properly, a 
chicken, the young of fowls, and hence, a small fowl. 2. 
In modern use, any fowl, or flying animal. 

Bird, V. t. To catch birds. Shak. 

Bird of paradise. A genus of birds, found in the Oriental 
isles, ^ome of them remarkably beautiful. 

BtRD'BoLT, 77. An arrow for shooting birds. 

BtRD'-CAGE, 77. A box or case for keeping birds. 

BiRD'CALIi, 77. A little stick, cleft at one end, in which is 
put a leaf of some plant, for imitating the cry of birds. 

BiRD'€ATCH-ER, 7i. One whose employment is to catch 
birds ; a fowler. 

BlRD'-CATCH-ING, ?7. The art of taking birds. 

BiRD'-CHER-RY, n. A tree, a species of prunus. 

BlRD'ER, 77,. A bird-catcher. 

BtRD'-EYE, or BIRDS'-EyE, a. Seen from above, as if by 
a flying bird. Burke. 

BiRD'EYED, a. Of quick sight. 

BIRO'-FAN-CI-ER, 77. One who delights in birds. 

BiRD'ING-PIeCE, 77. A fowling-piece. 

BiRD'-LIKE, a. Resembling a bird. 

BiRD'-LIME, 77. A viscous substance, used to catch birds. 

BtRD'-LlMED, a. Smeared with bird-lime ; spread to en- 
snare. Howell. 

BiRD'-MAN, n. A fowler, or bird-catcher. 

BiRD'-PEP-PER, 77. A species of Guinea-pepper. 

BiRDS'EYE, 77. A genus of plants, called also pheasants- 
eye. 

BiRDS'FOOT, n. A plant, the ornithopus. 

BiRDS'F(*)OT-TRE-FOTL, n. A genus of plants. 

BIRDS'NEST, n. 1. The nest in which a bird lays eggs, 
and hatches her young. 2. A plant. — 3. In cookery, the 
nest of a small swallow, of China and the neighboring 
countries, delicately tasted, and esteemed a luxury. 


BtRDS'TARES, ) ^ i 

BtRDS'ToNGUE, j Names of plants. 

BiRD^-WIT-TED, a. Not having the faculty of attention. 

BI-ReME', 77. [L. biremis.'\ A vessel with two banks or tier® 
of oars. Mitford. 

BtRG'AN-DER, n. The name of a wild goose. 

Bi-RHOM-BOID'AL, a. Having a surface composed of 
twelve rhombic faces. 

t BiRK'EN, V. t. [from birch. Sax. birce, btjrc.] To beat 
with a birch or rod. 

BI-ROS'TRATE, ) a. [L. bis and rostrum.] Having a 

BI-ROS'TRA-TED, ) double beak, or process resembling 
a beak. 

BiRT, 77. A fish, called also turbot. 

BIRTH, 77. [Sax. byrd, beorth.] 1. The act of coming into 
life, or of being born. Except in poetiy , it is generally ap- 
plied to human beings. 2. Lineage ; extraction ; de- 
scent. 3. Tlie condition in which a person is bom. 4. 
That which is born •, that which is produced, whether 
animal or vegetable. 5. The act of bringing forth. 6. 
Origin j beginning. 

BIRTH, BERTH, 77. A station in which a ship rides. See 
Berth. 

BIRTH'DAY, n. I. The day in which any person is bom. 
2. The same day of the month in which a person was 
born, in every succeeding year. 

tBIRTH'DOM, 77. Privilege of birth. Shak. 

BIRTH'ING, 77. Any thing added to raise the sides of a 
ship. 

BIRTH'NIGHT, n. The night in which a person is bora ; 
and the anniversary of that night in succeeding years. 

BIRTIPPLACE, 77. The town, city, or country, where a 
person is born. 

BlRTH'RiGHT, n. Any right or privilege, to which a per- 
son is entitled by birth. 

BIRTH'-SONG, n. A song sung at the birth of a person. 

BIRTH'-STRAN-GLED, a. .Strangled or suftbcated in being 
born. Shak. 

BlRTIPWoRT, 77. A genus of plants, aristolochia. 

BI'SA, or BI^ZA, n. A coin of Pegu, of the value of half a 
ducat •, also, a weight. 

BIS'GO-TIN, 77. [Fr.] A confection, made of flour, sugar, 
marmelade, ana eggs. 

BIS'GUIT, (bis'kit) n. [Fr. ; compounded of L. Us, twice, 
and c7/7t, baked.] 1. A kind of bread, formed Into cakes, 
and baked hard for seamen. 2. A cake, variously made, 
for the use of private families. 3. The body of an earth- 
en vessel, in distinction from the glazing. 

BI-SE€T^, V. t. [L. bis and sece.] To cut or divide into 
two parts. 

BT-SE€T'ED, pp. Divided into two equal parts. 

BI-SE€T'ING, jipr. Dividing into two equal parts. 

BI-SE€'TION, 77. The act of cutting into two equal parts , 
the division of any line or quantity into two equal parts. 

BI-SEG'MENT, n. One of the parts of a line, divided into 
two equal parts. 

BT-SEX^OUS, a. Consisting of both sexes. Broion. 

BISH'OP, 77. [L. episcopus ; Gr. cttutkottos ; Sax. biscop.] 1. 
An overseer ; a spiritual superintendent, mler, or director. 

2. In the primitive church, a spiritual overseer ; an elder 
or presbyter ; one who had the pastoral care of a church, 

3. In the Greek, Latin, and some Protestant churches, a 
prelate, or person consecrated for the spiritual government 
and direction of a diocese. 

BISH'OP, 77. A cant word for a mixture of wine, oranges, 
and sugar. Swift. 

BISH'OP, V. t. 1. To confirm ; to admit solemnly into the 
church. 2. Among horse-dealers, to use arts to make an 
old horse look like a young one. 

BISH'OP-LIKE, a. Resembling a bishop j belonging to a 
bishop. 

BISH'OP-LY, a Belonging to a bishop. 

BISH'OP-RIC, 77. {bishop and t*7c.] 1. A diocese ; the dis- 

trict over which the jurisdiction of a bishop extends. 2. 
The charge of instructing and governing in spiritual con- 
cerns ; office. 

BISH/QPS-WEED, n. A genus of plants, with the generic 
name ammi. 

BTSH/OPS-W6RT, 7?. A plant. 

BISK, 77. [Fr. 67597/6.] Soup or broth, made by boiling seve- 
ral sorts of flesh together. 

BISK'ET, 77. A biscuit. This orthography is adopted by 
many respectable writers. 

BIS'MUTH, 77. [G. wissmuth.] A metal of a yellowish, or 
reddish-white color, and a lamellar texture. 

BTS'MU-THAL, a. Consisting of bismuth, or containing it. 

BIS'MU-THIC, a. Pertaining to bismuth. 

BISSON, 77. [L.] a quadruped of the bovine genus, usually, 
but improperly, called the buffalo. 

BIS-SEX'TILE, 77. [L. 6t55CTt7Z75.] Leap year, every fourth 
year, in which a day is added to the month of February 
on account of the excess of C hours, which the civil year 
contains above 365 days. 

BIS-SEX'TILE, a. Pertaining to the leap year. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BJJLL, UNITE. — € as K *, G as J ; S as Z •, CH as SH j TH as in this f Obsoleto- 


BIT 


90 


BLA 


tBiS'SON, a. [Sax. Jwcn.] Blind. Shakt 

blS'TER, 71. [Fr. bistre.'^ Among painters^ the biinit oil ex- 
tracted from the soot ot wood ; a brown pigment. 

BISTORT, 71. [L. iitftorta.] A plant, a species of polygon 
num^ or many-knotted or angled. 

BIS'TOU-RY, (bis'tu-ry) n. [Fr. histouri.'] A surgical in- 
strument for making incisions. 

BI-SUL€'OUS, a. [L. bisulcus.'\ Cloven-footed, as swine or 
oxen. 

BT-SULTHU-RET, n. In chemistry, a sulphuret with a 
double proportion of sulphur. Silliman. 

BIT, n. [Sax. bitoL] The iron part of a bridle which is in- 
serted in the mouth of a horse, and its appendages, to 
which the reins are fastened. 

BIT, V. t. To put a bridle upon a horse ; to put the bit in 
the mouth. 

BIT, pret. and pp. of bite. Se’zed or wounded by the teeth. 

BIT, n. [Sax. bita.] 1. A small piece ; a mouthful, or 
morsel j a bite. 2. A small piece of any substance. 3. A 
small coin of the West Indies. 4. The point of an auger, 
or other borer ; the bite. — This word is used, like jot and 
iphit, to express the smallest degree ; as, he is not a bit 
wiser or better. 

BITCH, 71. [Sax. bicca, bicce, bice.'] 1. The female of the 
canine kind, as of the dog, wolf, and fox. 2. A name of 
reproach for a woman. Pope. 

BITE, V. t. pret. bit ,• pp. bit, bitten. [Sax. bitan.] 1. To 
break or crush with the teeth, as in eating *, to pierce with 
the teeth, as a serpent •, to seize with the teeth, as a dog. 
2. To pinch or pain, as with cold. 3. To reproach with 
sarcasm ; to treat with severity by words or writing. 4. 
To pierce, cut, or wound. 5. To make to smart. 6. To 
cheat ; to trick. Pope. 7. To enter the ground, and hold 
fast, as the bill and palm of an anchor. 

BITE, n. 1. The seizure of any thing by the teeth of an an- 
imal. 2. The wound made by the teeth. 3. A morsel ; 
a mouthful. 4. A cheat ; a trick j a fraud. [.^ loioword.] 
5. A sharper ; one who cheats. 

BIT'ER, n. 1. One who bites •, that which bites ; a fish 
apt to take bait. 2. One who cheats or defrauds. 

BI-TERN'ATE, a. [L. bis and ternits.] In botany, doubly 
ternate. 

BiT'ING, ppr. Seizing, wounding, or emshing \vith the 
teeth ; pinching, paining, causing to smart with cold ; re- 
proaching with severity, or treating sarcastically ; cheat- 
ing. 

BiT'ING, a. Sharp ; severe •, sarcastic. 

BITfiNG-LY, adv. In a sarcastic or jeering manner. 

BIT'LESS, a. Not having a bit or bridle. Fanskaw. 

BIThMOUTH, 71. The bit, or that part of a bridle which is 
put in a horse’s mouth. 

BIT'TA-€LE, n. The box for the compasses and lights on 
board a ship. See Binnacle. 

BIT'TEN, (bit'tn) pp. of bite. Seized or W’ounded by the 
teeth ; cheated. 

BIT'TER, a. [Sax. biter.] 1. Sharp or biting to the taste ; 
acrid *, like wormwood. 2. Sharp 5 cruel ; severe ; as, 
bitter enmity. Heb. i. 3. Sharp, as words j reproachful ; 
sarcastic. 4. Sharp to the feeling ; piercing ; painful j 
that makes to smart. S. Painful to the mind ; calami- 
tous ; poignant. 6. Afflicted ; distressed. 7. Hurtful •, 
very sinful. 8. Mournful j distressing 5 expressive of 
misery. 

BIT'TER, 71 . A substance that is bitter. See Bitters. 

BIT'TER, 71. In marine language, a turn of the cable which 
is round the bitts. 

f BIT'TER-FUL, a. Full of bitterness. 

BIT'TER-GoURD, n. A plant, a species cucumis. 

BJT'TER-ISH, a. Somewhat bitter j bitter in a moderate 
degree. Goldsmith. 

BIT'TER-ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being moderately 
bitter. F.ncyc. 

BIT'TER-LY, ado. 1. With a bitter taste. 2. In a severe 
manner ; in a manner expressing poignant grief. 3. In a 
manner severely reproachful ; sharply j severely ; an- 
grily. 

BIT'TERN, 71. [D. butoor.] A fowl of the grallic order, the 
ardea stcllaris. It has long legs and neck, and stalks 
among reeds and sedge, feeding upon fish. 

BIT'TERN, 71. [from bitter.] In salt works, the brine re- 
maining after the salt is concreted. 

BIT'TER-NESS, n. 1. A bitter taste ; or rather a quality in 
things which excites a biting, disagreeable sensation in the 
tongue. 2. In a figurative sense, extreme enmity, grudge, 
hatred. 3. Sharpness ; severity of temper. 4. Keenness 
of reproach •, piquancy ; biting sarcasm. 5. Keen sor- 
row -, painful affliction ; vexation ; deep distress of 
mind. 

BIT'TER:?, n. A liquor in which bitter herbs or roots are 
stGGpcd. 

BIT'TEr’-SALT, n. Epsom salt. 

BIT'TER-SPAR, n. Rhombspar. a mineral. 

BIT'TER-SWEET, n. A species of solanum, a slender, 
climbing plant. Encyc. 


BIT'TER-VETCII, n. 1. A species of ervum, or lentil, cul- 
tivated for fodder. 2. A genus of plants, known by the 
generic name orobus. 

BIT'TER- W6RT, n. The plant called gentian. 

BIT'TOUR, or BIT'TOR, 71. The bittern. Dryden. 

BITTS, 71. plu. A frame of two strong pieces of timber fixed 
perpendicularly in the fore part of a ship, on tvhich to Ihs- 
ten the cables, when she rides at anchor. 

BITT, V. t. To put round the bitts ; as, to bin the cable. 

BI-TuME', 71. Bitumen, so written for the sake of the 
rhy^ne. May. 

BI-TuM'ED, a. Smeared with pitch. Shale. 

*BIT'U-MEN, ) n. [L.] This name is used to denote va- 

* BI-Tu'MEN, i nous inflammable substances, of a strong 
smell, and of different consistencies, which are found in 
the earth. 

BI-Tu'MI-NATE, v. t. To impregnate with bitumen. 

BI-Tu'MI-NA-TED, a. Impregnated with bitumen. 

BI-TU-MI-NIF'ER-OUS, fl. Producing bitumen. Kirwan. 

BI-Tu'MI-NIZE, V. t. To form into, or impregnate v/ith 
bitumen. Lit. Mag. 

BI-TO'MI-NOUS, a. Having the qualities of bitumen ; 
compounded with bitumen ; containing bitumen. 

BI'VALVE, n. An animal having two valves, or a shell 
consisting of two parts, which open and shut. 

BPVALVE, BI-VALV'Lf-LAR, or BI-VALV'OUS, a. Hav- 
ing two shells or valves which open and shut, as the oys- 
ter, and the seed cases of certain plants. 

BI-VAULT'£D, a. [L. bis, and vault ] Having two vaults 
or arches. Barlow. 

BI-VENT'RAL, a. [L. bis and venter.] Having two bellies. 
Bailey. 

BIV/l-OUS, a. [L. tifiMs.] Having two ways, or leading 
two ways. 

BIV'OUAG, (biv'wak) tj. [Fr.] The guard or watch of a 
whole army, as in cases of great danger of surprise or at* 
tack. 

BIV'OUAG, (biv'wak) v. t. To watch, or be on guard, as a 
whole army. 

BIX'\V6RT, 71. A plant. 

BIZANTINE. See Byzantine. 

BLAB, V. t. \W. llavaru.] 1. To utter or tell in a thought- 
less manner ; to publish secrets or trifles without discre- 
tion. 2. To tell or utter *, in a good sense. Shak. 

BLAB, V. i. To tattle ; to tell tales. Shak. 

BLAB, 71. A babbler ; a telltale ; one who betrays secrets. 

BLAB'BER, n. A tattler ; a telltale. 

I BLAB'BER, v. i. 1. To whistle to a horse. 2. To falter ; 
to fib. 

BLAB'BER-LIPPED. See Blobber-lipped. 

BLAB'BING, ppr. Telling indiscreetly what ought to be 
concealed ; tattling. 

BLACK, a. [Sax. Z>/ac, and blcec.] 1. Of the color of night j 
destitute 01 light ; dark. 2. Darkened by clouds. 3. Sul- 
len ; having a cloudy look or countenance. 4. Atrocious- 
ly wncked ; horrible. 5. Dismal ; mournful *, calamitous. 
— Black and blue, the dark color of a bruise in the flesh, 
which is accompanied with a mixture of blue. 

BLACK, n. 1. That which is destitute of light or white- 
ness *, the darkest color, or rather a destitution of all color. 
2. A negro ; a person Avhose skin is black. 3. A black 
dress, or mourning. 

BLACK, v. t. To make black ; to blacken 5 to soil. 

BLACK' ACT, n. The English statute, 9 Geo. I., which 
makes it felony to appear armed in any park or warren, 
&c., or to hunt or steal deer, &c., with tlie face blacked, 
or disguised^ 

BLACK^\-MoOR, n. A man by nature of a black comple.x- 
ion. Locke. 

BLACK'-BALL, n. A composition for blacking shoes. 

BLACK'-BALL, v. t. To reject or negative in choosing, by 
putting black balls into a ballot-box. 

BLACK'BAR, n. A plea obliging the plaintiff to assign the 
place of trespass. 

BLACK'-BER-RIED-HEATII, n. A plant. 

BLACK'-BER-RY, n. [Sax. blacberian.] The beriy of the 
bramble, or rubus. 

BLACK'-BiRD, 71. A species of bird ; a singing bird with 
a fine note. 

BL ACK'-BQOK, n. 1. The Black-Book of the exchequer in 
England, composed in 1175. 2. Any book which treats of 
necromancy. 3. A book compiled by order of the visitors 
of monasteries, under Henry VIIL, containing a detailed 
account of the enormities practised in religious houses, to 
blacken them, and to hasten their dissolution. 

BL.\CK'-BROWED, a. Having black eye-brows ; gloomy; 
dismal ; threatening. 

BLACK'-BRY'O-NY, n. A plant ; the tamus. 

BLACK'-CAP, 77. 1. A bird, the mock-nightingale. 2. In 
cookery, an apple roasted till black. 

BLACK'-CAT-TLE, n. Cattle of the bovine genus, as bulls, 
oxen, and cows. [English.] 

BLACK-CHALK, (black'chawk) 71. A mineral of a bluish- 
black color j a variety of argillaceous slate. 


* See Synopsis. X, E, I, 6, E, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


BLA 


BLA 

BLA€K'~€OCK, n. A fowl, called also black-grous and 
black-game, 

BLACK/-I 5 A-GLE, n. In Scotland^ a name giyen to the 
falco fulvus. 

BLA€K'EARTII, n. Mold ; earth of a dark color. 

BLA€K^ED, (blakt) pp. Made black ; soiled. 

BLA€K'EN, (blak'kn) v. t, [Sax. blcecan.'] 1. To make 
black. Franklin. 2. To make dark ; to darken ; to 
cloud. 3. To soil. 4. To sully reputation j to make in- 
famous. 

BLA€K'EN, v. L To grow black, or dark. 

BLA€K'EN-ER, w. He that blackens. 

BLAGK'-EYED, a. Having black eyes. 

BLA€K'-FACED, a. Having a black face. 

BLA€K'-FISH, ?i. 1. A fish in the Orontes. 2. A fish 
caught on the rocky shores of New-England. 

BLA€K'-FOR-EST, n. A forest in Germany. 

BLA€K'-FRi-AR, ?i. A name given to the Dominican or- 
der, called also preaching friars. 

BLA€K'-GUARD, n. A vulgar term applied to a mean fel- 
low, who uses abusive, scurrilous language, or treats oth- 
ers with foul abuse. 

BLA€K'ING, ppr. Making black. 

BLAGK'ING, n. A substance used for blacking shoes 5 any 
factitious matter for making things black. 

BLACK'ISII, a. Somewhat black ; moderately black or 
dark. 

BLA€K'-JACK, n. 1. A name given by miners to blend. 
2. A leathern cup of old times. 

BLA€K'-LEAD, n. A mineral of a dark steel-gray color, 
called plumbago. 

BLAGK^-LEGS, n. In some parts of England^ a disease 
among calves and sheep. 

BLAGK'LY, adv. Darkly *, atrociously. 

BLA€K'-MAIL, n. 1. A certain rate anciently paid, in 
the north of England, to certain men, who were allied to 
robbers, to be by them protected from pillage. 2. Black- 
rent, or rents paid in corn or flesh. 

BLACK'-M 6 N-DAY, n. Easter Monday, in 34 Ed. III., 
which was misty, obscure, and so cold that men died on 
horseback. Stoicc. 

BLACK'-MoNKS. A name given to the Benedictines. 

BLAGK'-MOOR, n. A negro ; a black man. 

BLA€K'-MOUTHED, a. Using foul or scurrilous language. 
Killingbeck. 

BLAGK'NESS, n. The quality of being black ; black color ; 
darkness ; atrociousness or enormity in wickedness. 

f BLA€K'-Pic0-PLED, a. Having people of a black color. 
Sandys. 

BLAGK^-PUD-DING, n. A kind of food made of blood and 
grain. 

BLA€K'-ROD, n. [black and rod.] In England, the usher 
belonging to the order of the garter ; so called from the 
black rod which he carries. He is of the king’s chamber, 
and usher of parliament. 

BLACK'-SEA, ?i. The Euxine sea. 

BLAGK^-SHEEP, n. In oriental history, the ensign or 
standard of a race of Turkmans. 

BLAGK'-SMITH, n. A smith who works in iron, and 
makes iron utensils ; more properly an iron-smith. 

BLA€K^-TAIL, n. A fish, a kind of perch. 

BLA€K'-THORN, n. A species of prunus, called also sloe. 

BLACK'-TIN, n. Tin ore, when dressed, stamped, and 
washed, ready for melting. 

BLA€K'-VIS-AGED. a. Having a dark visage. 

BLA€K'-WADD, n. An ore of manganese. 

BLAGKMVoRK, n. Iron wrought by black-smiths. 

BLAD'-AP-PLE, n. In botany, a species of cactus. 

BLAD'DER, n. [Sax. blccdr, blacdra, hleddra.] 1. A thin, 
membranous bag in animals, which serves as the recepta- 
cle of shine secreted fluid, as the urinary bladder, the gall 
bladder, &c. By way of eminence, the word, in common 
language, denotes the urinary bladder. 2. Any vesicle, 
blister, or pustule, especially if filled with air, or a thin, 
watery liquor. 3. In botany, a distended, membranaceous 
pericarp. 

BLAIFDERED, a. Swelled like a bladder. 

BLAD'DER-NUT, n. A genus of plants. 

BLAD'DER-SEN-NA, or bastard-senna, a genus of plants, 
called, in botan}’^, colutea. 

BLAD'DER-Y, a. Resembling a bladder. 

BLADE, n. [Sax. bleed, bled.] 1 . The stalk or spire of a 
plant. 2. A leaf. 3. The cutting part of an instrument, 
as the blade of a knife, or sword. 4. The blade of the 
shoulder, shoulder-blade, or blade-hone, is the scapula, or 
scapular bone. 5. A brisk man ; a bold, forward man ; a 
rake. 

BLADE, r. t. To furnish with a blade. 

BLADE^-BONE, 71. The^capiriff, or upper bone in the shoul- 
der. 

BLAD'ED, pp. 1. Having a blade or blades. — It may be used 
of blade in the sense of a leaf, a spire, or the cutting part 
of an instrument. — 2. In mineralogy, composed of long 
and narrow plates, like the blade of a knife. 


91 

BLADE^-SMITH, n. A sword cutler. 

BLAIN, n. [Sax. blegene ; D. blein.] A pustule j a botch i 
a blister. 

BLAKE, a. Yellow. Orose. [ATorth ofEiigland.] 

BLA'MA-BLE, a. Faulty ; culpable j reprehensible, deserv 
ing of censure Dryden. 

BLA'MA-BLE-NESS, n. Culpableness ; fault. 

BLa'MA-BLY, adv. Culpably j in a manner deserving of 
censure 

BLAME, V. t. [Fr. bldmer.] 1. To censure : to express 
disapprobation of; to find fault with. 2. To bring re- 
proach upon ; to blemish ; to injure. [O& 5 .] Spenser. 

BLAME, 71. 1 . Censure ; reprehension ; imputation of a 
fault ; disapprobation ; an expression of disapprobation. 2 . 
Fault ; crime ; sin ; that which is deserving of censure or 
disapprobation. 3. Hurt; injury. — To blame, in the 
phrase, he is to blame, signifies blamable, to be blamed. 

BLAMED, pp. Censured ; disapproved. 

BLAME'FUL, a. Faulty ; meriting blame ; reprehensible. 

BLAME LESS, a. Without fault 3 innocent 3 guiltless 3 not 
meriting censure. 

BLAME'LESS-LY, adv. Innocently ; without fault. 

BLAME^LI^SS-NESS, n. Innocence 3 a state of being not 
worthy of censure. Hammond. 

BLAM'ER, n. One who blames, finds fault, or censures. 

BT.aME'WOR-THI-NESS, 71. The quality of deserving cen- 
sure. 

BLAMEAVoR-THY, a. Deserving blame 3 censurable 3 cul- 
pable 3 reprehensible. 

BLaMANG, ppr. Censuring ; finding fault. 

BLANCHARD, n. [Fr. blanc.] A kind of linen cloth, man- 
ufactured in Normandy. 

BLANCH, V. t. [Fr. blanchir.] 1. To whiten ; to take out 
the color, and make white ; to obliterate. 2 . To slur 3 
to balk 3 to pass over 3 that is, to avoid 3 to make empty. 
[ 0 Z» 5 .] 3. To strip or peel. 

BLANCH, V. i. To evade 3 to shift 3 to speak softly 3 to be 
reserved ; to remain blank, or empty. 

BLANCHED, P 27 . Whitened. 

BLANCH^ER, n. One who whitens 3 also, one who anneals 
and cleanses money. 

BLANCH-IM'E-TER, n. [blanch, and Gr. ptTQov.] An in- 
strument for measuring the bleaching power of oxymuriate 
of lime and potash. 

BLANCH'ING, ppr. Whitening. — In coinage, the operation 
of giving brightness to pieces of silver. 

BLANC-MAN-GER, (blo-monje>) [Fr. white food.] In cook- 
ery, a preparation of dissolved isinglass, milk, sugar, 
cinnamon, &c., boiled into a thick consistence, and gar- 
nished for the table with blanched almonds. 

BLAND, a. [L. blandus.] Mild 3 soft 3 gentle 3 as, bland 
words. 

BLAND-A'TION, n. A piece of flattery. Camden. 

BLAND-IL'O-QUENCE, n. [L. blandus and loquor.] Fair, 
mild, flattering speech. 

BLAND ISH, V. t. [L. blandior ; Old Eng. hlandise ; Chau- 
cer.] To soften 3 to caress 3 to flatter by kind words or 
affectionate actions. 

BLAND'ISH-ER, 71. One that flatters with soft words. 

BLANDTSH-ING, ppr. Soothing or flattering with fair 
words. 

BLANDTSH-ING, n. Blandishment. 

BLAND'ISH-MENT, 71. Soft words 3 kind speeches ; ca- 
resses ; expression of kindness 3 words or actions expres- 
sive of affection or kindness, and tending to win the 
heart. 

BLANK, a. [Fr. &Za 7 ic.] 1. Void; emptj'^ ; consequently, 
white ; as, a blank paper. 2. White or pale. 3. Pale 
from fear or terror ; hence, confused ; confounded ; dis- 
pirited ; dejected. 4. Without rhyme 3 as, blank verse. 5 . 
Pure ; entire ; complete. 6 . Not containing balls or bullets. 

BLANK, 71. 1. Any void space ; a void space on pa- 

per, or in any written instrument. 2. A lot by which 
nothing is gained ; a ticket in a lottery which draws 
no prize. 3. A paper unwritten. 4. A" paper contain- 
ing the substance of a legal instrument, as a deed, 
with vacant spaces left to be filled. 5. The point to 
which an arrow is directed, marked with white paper. 
[Little used.] 6 . Airn ; shot. [06s.] Shak. 7. Object to 
which any thing is directed. 8 . A small copper coin for- 
merly current in France. — Point blank, in gunnery, the 
shot of a gun leveled horizontally. 

BLANK, V. t. l.To make void ; to annul. Spenser. 2. To 
deprive of color, the index of health and spirits 3 to daunp 
the spirits ; to dispirit or confuse. Tillotson. 

BLANKED, pp. Confused 3 dispirited. 

BLANK'ET, n. [Fr. blanchet.] 1. A cover for a bed, 
made of wool. 2. A kind of pear. 3. Among printers, 
woolen cloth or white baize, to lay between the tympans 

BLANK'ET, v. t. 1. To toss in a blanket by way of punish- 
ment ; an ancient custom. 2. To cover with a blanket. 

BLANK'ET-ING, ppr. Tossing in a blanket. 

BLANK'ET-ING, n. 1. The punishment of tossing in a 
blanket. 2. Cloth for blankets. 


* Ste Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D 6 VE 3 — B^LL, UNITE.— C as K 3 6 as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as 8 H 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


BLA 92 BLE 


BLANK^LY, adv. In a blank manner; with paleness or 
confusion. 

BLARE, r. i. [Old Belgic, blaren ; Teut. iZarren.] 1. To 
roar ; to bellow. [Little used,\ 2. To eweal, or melt 
away, as a candle. 

BLARE, n. 1. Roar ; noise. [Little used.] Barlow, 2. A 
small copper coin of Bern. 

BLASH, V. t. [of the same origin as plash.'] To spatter. 
Grose. 

BLASH'Y, a. Dirty ; wet. Craven dialect. Thin ; poor ; 
as, blashy milk, or beer. Grose. 

BLAS-PHeME' V. t. [Gr. PXac^rjixew.] 1. To speak of the 
Supreme Being in terms of impious irreverence. 2. To 
speak evil of ; to utter abuse or calumny against ; to 
speak reproachfully of. 

BLAS-PHeME', V. i. 1. To utter blasphemy. 2. To arro- 
gate the j)rerogatives of God. 

BLAS-PHeM'ER, n. One who blasphemes ; one who 
speaks of God in impious and irreverent terms. 

BLAS-PHeM'ING, ppr. Uttering impious or reproachful 
words concerning God. 

BLAS'PHE-MOUS, a. Containing blasphemy ; calumnious ; 
impiously irreverent to God. 

BLAS'PHE-MOUS-LY, adv. Impiously ; with impious ir- 
reverence to God. 

BLASTHE-MY, n. 1. An indignity offered to God by 
words or writing. 2. That which derogates from the pre- 
rogatives of God. 

BLAST, n. [Sax. blast.] 1. A gust or puff of wind ; ora 
sudden gust of wind. 2. The sound made by blowing a 
wind instrument. 3. Any pernicious or destructive intiu- 
ence upon animals or plants. 4. The infection of any 
thing pestilential ; a blight on plants. 5. A sudden com- 
pression of air, attended with a shock, caused by the dis- 
charge of cannon. 6. A forcible stream of air from the 
mouth, from a bellows, or the like. 7. A violent explosion 
of gunpowder, in splitting rocks, and the explosion of in- 
flaniraable air in a mine. 8. The whole blowing of a forge 
necessary to melt one supply of ore ; a comvion use of the 
word among workmen in forges in Am cmca. 

BLAST, V. t. 1. To make to wither by some pernicious 
influence: to blight, as trees or plants. 2. To affect with 
some sudden violence, plague, or calamity, which de- 
stroys or causes to fail ; as, to blast pride or hopes. 3. To 
confound, or strike with force, by a loud blast or din. 4. 
To split rocks by an explosion of gun-powder. 

BLAST'ED, pp. Affected by some cause that checks growth, 
injures, impairs, destroys, or renders abortive ; split by 
an explosion of gun-powder. 

BLAST'ER, 71. He or that which blasts or destroys. 

BLAST'ING, ppr. Affecting by a blast ; preventing from 
coming to maturity ; frustrating ; splitting by an explo- 
sion of gun-powder. 

BLAST^ING, 71. A blast ; destruction by a j)ernicious cause ; 
explosion. 

f BLAST'MENT, n. Blast ; sudden stroke of some destruc- 
tive cause. Shak. 

t BLa'TANT, a. Bellowing as a calf. 

BLATCH. Sec Blotch. 

t BLAT-ER-a'TION, 71. [L. blatcratio.] Noise. Coles. 

BLAT'TER, v. i. To make a senseless noise. 

BLAT^TER-ER, n. A noisy, blustering boaster. 

BL.\Y, 71. A small river fish, the bleak. 

BLAZE, 71. [Sax. blaie.] 1. Flame; the stream of light 
and heat from any body when burning. 2. Publication ; 
wide diffusion of report. 3. A white spot on the fore- 
head or face of a horse. 4. Light ; expanded light. 5. 
Noise ; agitation ; tumult. 

BLAZE, V. i. 1. To flame. 2. To send forth or show a 
bright and expanded light. 3. To be conspicuous. 

BLAZE, V. t. 1. To make public far and wide. 2. To 
blazon. [JVbt iiscd. See Blazon.] 3. To set a white 
mark on a tree, by paring off a part of the bark. Todd 

BLAZED, pp. Published far and wide. 

BLaZ'ER, 71. One who publishes and spreads reports. 

BLaZ'ING, ppr. Flaming *, publishing far and wide. 

BLaZ'ING, a. Emitting flame, or light. 

BLAZTNG-STAR, 71. A comet ; a star that is accompanied 
with a coma, or train of light. 

BLA'ZON, (bla'zn) v. t. [f>. blasonner.] 1. To explain, 
in proper terms, the figures on ensigns armorial. 2. To 
deck; to embellish; to adorn. 3. To display ; to set to 
show ; to celebrate by words or writing. 4. To blaze 
about ; to make public far and wide. 

BLA'ZON, n. 1. The act of drawing, describing or explain- 
ing coats of arms. 2. Publication ; show ; celebration ; 
pompous display. 

BLA'ZONED, (bla'znd) pp. Explained, decyphered in the 
manner of heralds ; published abroad ; displayed pom- 
pously. 

BLa'ZON-ER, (bla'zn-er) n. One that blazons ; a herald ; 
an evil speaker, or propagator of scandal. 

BLA'ZON-ING, ppr. Explaining, describing as heralds ; 
showing ; publishing ; blazing abroad ; displaying. 


BLA'ZON-RY, (bla'zn-ry) n. The art of describing coats of 
arms in proper terms. 

BLEA, n. The part of a tree which lies immediately under 
tlm bark. Chambers. 

bleach, v. t. [Sax. blacan.] To whiten ; to make white 
or^ whiter ; to take out color. 

BLeACH, V. i. To grow white in any manner. 

bleached, (bleecht) Whitened ; made white. 

BLeACH'ER, 71. One who whitens, or whose occupation 
is to whiten cloth. 

BLeACH'ER-Y, 71. A place for bleaching. 

BLeACHTNG, ppr. Whitening ; making white ; becoming 
wjiite. 

BLeACHTNG, ti. The act or art of whitening, especially 
cloth. 

BLeAK, a. [Sax. blac, blac.] 1. Pale. Gower. 2. Open ; 
vacant ; exposed to a free current of air ; as, a bleak hill. 

BLeAK, n. A small river fisli, five or six inches long. 

BLeAK'LY, adv. Coldly. J^Iav. 

BLeAK'NESS, 71. Openness of situation ; exposure to the 
\^und ; hence, coldness. 

BLeAK' Y, a. Bleak ; open ; unsheltered ; cold. 

BLeAR, a. [D. blaar.] Sore, with a watery rheum ; ap- 
plied only to the eyes. 

BLEAR, V. t. To make sore ; to affect with soreness of 
eyes, or a watery humor. Dryden. 

BLeAR'ED-NESS, n. The state of being bleared, or dim- 
mjed with rheum. Wiseman. 

BLeAR'EYED, a. Having sore eyes ; having the eyes dim 
with rheum ; dim-sighted. 

BLeAT, V. i. [Sax. hlatan.] To make tlie noise of a sheep ; 
tq^cry as a sheep. 

BLeAT, 71. The cry of a sheep. 

BLeATTNG, ppr. or a. Crying as a sheep. 

BLeAT'ING, n. The cry of a sheep. 

BLEB, n. A little tumor, vesicle or blister. 

BLEB'BY, a. Abounding tvith blebs. 

BLED, pret. and jjp. of bleed. 

t BLEE, n. [Sax. bleo.] Color ; complexion. Spenser. 

BLEED, V. i. pret. ana pp. bled. [Sax. bledan.] 1. To lose 
blood ; to run with blood, by whatever means. 2. To 
die a violent death, or by slaughter. 3. To issue forth, or 
drop as blood, from an incision ; to lose sap, gum or juice. 

BLEED, V. t. To let blood ; to take blood from, by opening 
a vein. 

BLEED ING, ppr. Losing blood ; letting blood ; losing sap 
or juice. 

BLEEDTNG, n. A running or issuing of blood, as from the 
nose ; a hemorrhage ; the operation of letting blood, as in 
surgery ; the drawing of sap from a tree or plant. 

BLEIT, or BLATE, a [Ger. bWde.] Bashful ; used in 
Scotland and the north of England. 

BLEM'ISH, V. t. 1. To mark with nny defonnity ; to in- 
jure or impair any thing which is well formed, or excel- 
lent ; to mar. 2. To tarnish, as reputation or cliaracter ; 
to defame. 

BLEMTSH, 71. 1. Any mark of deformity ; any scar or de- 
fbet that diminishes beauty. 2. Reproach ; disgrace ; 
that which impairs reputation ; taint ; turpitude ; de- 
formity. 

BLEMTSHED, pp. Injured or marred by any mark of de- 
formity ; tarnished ; soiled. 

BLEM'ISH-ING, ppr. Marking with deformity ; tarnishing. 

BLEMTSH-LESS, a. Without blemish ; spotless. 

BLEMTSH-MENT, n. Disgrace. [Little used.] 

BLENCH, V. i. To shrink ; to start back ; to give way. 
Shak. 

BLENCH, V. t. To hinder or obstruct, says Johnson. But, 
in the passage he cites, it means to render ineffectual. 

BLENCH, n. A start. Shak. 

BLENCH'ER^ 7i. That which frustrates. 

BLENCH'-HoLD-ING, ?i. A tenure of lands upon the pay- 
ment of a small sum in silver. 

BLEND, 71. [Ger. blcnden.] An ore of zink. 

BLEND, V. t. [Sax. blendian.] 1. To mix or mingle to- 
gether ; hence, to confound. 2. To pollute by mixture ; 
to spoil or corrupt. [0Z>5.J Spenser. 3. To blind. [065.] 

BLEND, V. i. To be mixea ; to be united. Irving. 

BLEND ED, pp. Mixed ; confounded by mixture. 

BLEND'ER, n. One that mingles or confounds. 

BLENDTNG, ppr. Mingling together ; confounding by 
mixture. ' 

BLEND'OUS, a. Pertaining to blend. 

BLEND'-WA-TER, 7?. A distemper incident to cattle. 

BLEN'NY, 71. [Sax. blinnan.] A genus of fishes, of llio 
order of jugulars. 

BLENT. The obsolete participle of blend. 

BLESS, V. t. pret. and pp. blessed, or blest. [Sax. JIcrfAnaTi.] 
1. To pronounce a wish of happiness to one ; to expresa 
a wish or desire of happiness. 2. To make happy ; to 
make successful ; to prosper in temporal concerns. 3. To 
make happy in a future life. 4. To set apart or conse- 
crate to holy purposes ; to make and pronounce holy. 
5. To consecrate by prayer ; to invoke a blessing upon. 


t Obsolete, 


*Sce Synopsis. A, R, I, 0, t>, Y, long.^FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PR^Y HN, MARINE, BIRD;— 


BLI 


93 


BLO 


6. To praise ; to glorify, for benefits received. 7. To 
praise j to magnify } to extol for excellencies. 

BLESSED, pp. Made happy or prosperous j extolled j pro- 
nounced happy. 

BLESS'ED, a. Happy ; prosperous in worldly affairs ; en- 
joying spiritual happiness and the favor of God j enjoying 
heavenly felicity. 

BLESS'ED-TH IS-TLE, n. A plant of the genus cvicus, 

BLESS'ED-Ly, adv. Happily ; in a fortunate manner. 

BLESS'ED-NESS, n. 1. Happiness j felicity j heavenly 
joys } the favor of God. 2. Sanctity. 

BLESS'ER, 71. One that blesses or prospers j one who be- 
stows a blessing. 

BLESS'ING, ppr. Making happy ; wishing happiness to ; 
praising or extolling ; consecrating by prayer. 

BLESS'ING, n. 1. Benediction ; a wish of happiness pro- 
nounced ; a prayer imploring happiness upon another. 2. 
A solemn prophetic benediction. 3. Any means of hap- 
piness J a gift, benefit or advantage. 4. Among the Jews, 
a present ; a gift. 

BLEST, pp. of bless. 

BLEST, a. 1. Made happy. 2. Making happy: cheering. 

BLE'TON-ISM, n. The faculty of perceiving and indicating 
subterraneous springs and currents by sensation ; so call- 
ed from one bletoii of France, who possessed tliis fac- 
uUy. 

BLe TON-IST, n. One who possesses the faculty of per- 
ceiving subterraneous springs by sensation. 

BLEW, pret. of blow. 

BLeYME, n. An inflammation in the foot of a horse, be- 
tween the sole and the bone. 

BLI-Ce'A, n. A small fish. 

BLIGHT, (bllte) n. [qu. Sax. blwctha.] 1. A disease inci- 
dent to plants. 2. Any thing nipping or blasting. 

BLIGHT, (bllte) v. t. To affect with blight j to blast ; to 
prevent growth and fertility : to frustrate. 

t BLTN, V. t. [Sax. hlinnan.^ To stop, or cease. 

BLIND, a. [Sax. blind.] 1. Destitute of the sense of seeing ; 
not having sight. 2. Not having the faculty of discern- 
ment ; destitute of intellectual light ; unable to under- 
stand or judge ; ignorant. 3. Unseen ; out of public 
view ; private ; dark. 4. Dark ; obscure ; not easy to be 
found *, not easily discernible. 5. Heedless ; inconsider- 
ate J undeliberating. Jaij. 

BLIND, V. t. 1. To make blind ; to deprive of sight. 2. 
To darken ; to obscure to the eye. 3. To darken the un- 
derstanding. 4. To darken or obscure to the understand- 
ing. 5. To eclipse. 

BLIND, or BLINDE. See Blend, an ore. 

BLIND, 71. 1. Something to hinder the sight. 2. Some- 
thing to mislead the eye or the understanding. 3. A 
skreen ; a cover. 

BLIND'ED, pp. Deprived of sight ; deprived of intellectual 
discernment ; made dark or obscure. 

BLIND'FOLD, a. Having the eyes covered ; having the 
mental eye darkened. 

BLIND'FOLD, v. t. To cover the eyes j to hinder from 
seeing. 

BLIND'F5LD-ED, pp. Having the eyes covered : hindered 
from seeing. 

BLIND'FoLD-ING, ppr. Covering the eyes j hindering 
from seeing. 

BLIND'ING, ppr. Depriving of sight, or of understanding *, 
obscuring. 

BLIND^LY, adv. 1. Without sight, or understanding. 2. 
Without discerning the reason ; implicitly. 3. Without 
judgment. 

BLTND'MAN’S-BALL, n. A species of fungus. 

BLIND'MAN’S-BUFF, n. A play in which one person is 
blindfolded, and hunts out the rest of the company. 

BLIND'NESS, n. Want of bodily sight 5 want of intellectual 
discernment : ignorance. 

BLIND'NET-TLE, n. A plant. 

BLINDS, n. In the militarij art, a defense made of osiers 
or branches interwoven, to shelter and conceal the work- 
men. 

BLIND-SER'PENT, n. A reptile. 

BLTND'SIDE, n. I’he side which is most easily assailed *, 
weakness ; foible ; weak part. 

BLIND VES SEL. With chemists, a vessel with an opening 
on one side only. 

BLIND' WORM, n. A small reptile. 

BLINK, v.i. [Sax. iZican.] 1. To wink ; to twinkle with 
the eye. 2. To see obscurely. Johnson. To see with 
the eyes half shut. 

BLINK, 71. A glimpse or glance. Hall. 

BLINK, 71. Blink of ice is the dazzling whiteness about the 
horizon, occasioned by the reflection of light from fields 
of ice at sea. 

BLINK'ARD, n. ]blink, and ard, kind.] A person who 
blinks, or has bad eyes •, that which twinkles, or glances. 

BLINK'ING, ppi'. Winking ; twinkling. 

BLISS, n. [Sax. &Zm.J The highest degree of happiness ; 
blessedness ; felicity ; heavenly joys. 


BLISS'FIJL, a. Full of Joy and felicity. 

BLISS'FjjL-LY, adv. In a blissful manner. 

BLISS'FljL-NESS, n. Exalted happiness : felicity : f\ilnc6» 
of joy. Barrow. 1 r > 

BLISS'LESS, a. Destitute of bliss. Hawkins. 

BLIS'SOM, V. i. [W. blys, blysiaio.] To be lustful j to cat- 
erwaul. [Little 7ised.] 

BLIS^TER, n. [Ger. blase, and blatter.] 1 . A pustule j a 
thin bladder on the skin, containing watery matter or 
serum. 2. Any tumor made by the separation of the film 
or skin, as on plants •, or by the swelling of the substance 
at the surface, as on steel. 3. A vesicatory ; a plaster of 
flies, or other matter, applied to raise a vesicle. 

BLIS'TER, V. i. To rise in blistem. Dryden. 

BLIS'TER, V. t. 1. To raise a blister, by any hurt, bum, or 
violent action upon the skin. 2. To raise tumors on iron 
bars. 

BLIS TERED, pp. Having blisters or tumors. 

BLIS'TER-ING, ppr. Raising a blister ; applying a blister- 
ing plaster, or vesicatory. 

ELITE, n. [L. blitum ; Gr. /SXtrov.] 1. A genus of plants, 
called strawberry spinach. 2. A species of amaranth, or 
flower gentle. 

BLITHE, a. [eSax. blithe.] Gay j merry joyous ; spright- 
ly ; mirthful. 

BLrFHE'FUL, a. Gay ; full of gayety. 

BLIT HE'LY, adv. In a gay, joyful manner. 

BLITHE'NEjSS, 77 . Gayety ; sprightliness j the quality of 
being blithe. 

BLITHE'SoME, a. Gay ; merry ; cheerful. 

BLiTHE'SOME-NESiS, n. The quality of being blithesome j 
gayety. 

BLoAT, V. t. nV. blwth, a puff.] 1. To swell, or make 
turgid, as with air ; to inflate : to puflT up ; hence, to 
make vain. 2. To swell or make turgid witli water or 
other means. 

BLoAT, V. i. To grow turgid ; to dilate. 

t BLoAT, a. Swelled ; turgid. 

BLoAT'ED, pp. Swelled •, grown turgid ; inflated. 

BLOAT'ED-NESS, 71. A turgid state ; turgidness ; dilata- 
tion from inflation, or any morbid cause. 

BLOAT'ING, ppr. Swelling ; inflating. 

BLOB, 77. A bubble. See Bleb. 

BLOB'BER, 77. [Ir. plub, or pluibin.] A bubble: pronounced, 
by the common people in America, blubber. Carew. 

BLOB'BER-LIP, 71. A thick lip. Dryden. 

BLOB'BER-LIPPED, a. Having thick lips. 

BLOB'TALE, 71. A telltale ; a blab. 

BLOUK, 71. [D. blok i Ger. block.] 1. A heavy piece of 
timber or wood, usually with one plain surface. 2. 
Any mass of matter with an extended surface. 3. A 
massy body, solid and heavy. 4. The wood on which crim- 
inals are beheaded. 5. Any obstruction, or cause of ob- 
struction ; a stop ; hindrance j obstacle. 6. A piece of 
wood in which a pulley runs. 7. A blockhead : a stupid 
fellow. 

BLOCK, V. t. [Fr. bloquer.] To inclose or shut up, so as to 
hinder egress or passage *, to stop up *, to obstruct. 

BLOCK-aDE', 71. [It. bloccato.] The siege of a place, formed 
by surrounding it with hostile troops or ships. 

BLOCK- aDE', v.t. To shut up a town or fortress by troops 
or ships. 

BLOCK-aD'ED, pp. Shut up or inclosed by an enemy. 

BLOCK-aD'ING, ppr. Besieging by a blockade. 

BLOCK'HEAD, 71. A stupid fellow ; a dolt j a person defi- 
cient in understanding. 

BLOCK'HEAD-ED, a. Stupid ; dull. Shak. 

BLOCK'HEAD-LY, a. Like a blockhead. 

BLOCK'HOUSE, 71. A house or fortress erected to block up 
a pass, and defend it against the entrance of an enemy. 

BLOCK'ISH, a. Stupid *, dull *, deficient in understanding. 

BLOCK ISH-LY, adv. In a stupid manner. 

BLOCK'ISH-NESS, n. Stupidity ; dullness. 

BLOCK'LlKE, a. Like a block ; stupid. 

BLOCK'-TIN, 77. Tin which is pure, and unwrought. 

BLOM'A-RY, 77. The first forge through which iron passes, 
after it is melted from the ore. 

fBLONK'ET, a. Gray. Spenser. 

BL60D, 77. [Sax. Sw. and Dan. blod; Ger. blut.] 1. The 
fluid which circulates through the arteries and veins of 
the human body, and of other animals, which is essential 
to the preservation of life. 2. Kindred ; relation by nat- 
ural descent from a common ancestor; consanguinity. 
3. Royal lineage ; blood royal. 4. Honorable birth ; high 
extraction. Shak. 5. Life. 6. Slaughter ; murder, or 
bloodshedding. 7. Temper of mind ; state of the passions ; 
but, in this sense, accompanied with cold or wartn. 8. A 
hot spark ; a rake. 9. The juice of any thing, especially 
if red. 

BLGOD, v.t. 1. To let blood ; to bleed by opening a vein. 
2. To stain with blood. 3. To enter ; to inure to blood ; as 
a hound. 4. To heat the blood; to exasperate. [Unu- 
sual.] 

BL60D'~BE-SP0T'TED, a. Spotted with blood. Shak. 


* Ste Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE BULL, UxMTE.~€ as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


BLO 


94 


BLU 


^ BL60D^-B6L'TERED, a. Sprinkled With blood- 

^LOOD'“€ON-SOM'ING, a. Wasting the blood. 

BLdODED, pp. Bled } stained with blood j inured to blood. 

J8L60D'-FL0W-ER, n. Hcemanthiis, 

BL60D'-FRO‘ZEN, a. Having the blood chilled. 

BLOOD'-GUILT'I-NESS, n. The guilt or crime of shedding 
blood. 

BLOOD-HOT, a. As warm as blood, in its natural temper- 
ature. 

BLOOD'-HOUND, n. A species of canisy or dog, remarkable 
for the acuteness of its smell. 

BLOOD'-I-LY, adv. In a bloody manner *, cruelly ; with 
a disposition to shed blood. 

BLoOD'I-NESS, n. The state of being bloody j disposition 
to shed blood. 

BLOODTAG, ppr. Letting blood ; staining with blood ; in- 
uring to blood, as a hound. 

BLoOD'LESS, a. 1. Without blood ; dead. 2. Without 
shedding of blood. 3. Without spirit or activity. 

BL60D-LET, v. t. To bleed ; to let blood. 

BL6 oD'LET-TER, n. One who lets blood, as in diseases ; 
a phlebotomist. Wiseman. 

BL60D'-LET-TTNG, n. The act of letting blood, or bleed- 
ing by opening a vein. 

BL60D'PUD-D1NG, n. A pudding made with blood and 
other materials. 

BL60D'-RED, n. Red as blood. 

BLoOD'-ROOT, n. A plant, so named from its color. 

t BLOOD'-SHA-KEN, a. Having the blood put in commo- 
tion. B. Jonson. 

BL60D SHED, n. The shedding or spilling of blood ; 
slaughter *, waste of life. 

BLOOD SHED-DER, n. One who sheds blood. 

BL60D'SHED-DING, n. The shedding of blood j the crime 
of shedding blood. 

BL60D<SHOT, a. Red and inflamed by a turgid state of the 
blood vessels. 

BL60D'SH0T-TEN-NESS, n. The state of being blood- 
shotten, as applicable to the eye. 

BLoOD'-STZED, a. Smeared or sized with blood. 

BLOOD'-SNAKE, n. A species of snake. 

BLOOD'-SPAV-IN, n. A dilatation of the vein that runs 
along the inside of the hock of a horse. 

BLOOD'-STAINED, a. Stained with blood ; also, guilty 
of murder. 

BL60D'STONE, n. A stone, imagined, if worn as an am- 
ulet, to be a good preventive of bleeding at the nose. 

BLOOD'SUCK-ER, n. Any animal that sucks blood, as a 
leech, a fly, &c. A cruel man 5 a murderer. 

BLOOD'-SUCK-ING, a. That sucks or draws blood. 

BLoOD'-SWOLN, a. Suffused with blood. 

BL60D'-THiRS-TY, a. Desirous to shed blood *, murder- 
ous. 

BL60D/-VES-SEL, n. Any vessel in which blood circu- 
lates in an animal body; an artery or a vein. 

BL60D'-WARM, a. Warm as blood ; lukewarm. 

BL60D'-Wl^E, n. In ancient law, a fine paid as a compo- 
sition for the shedding of blood. 

BLoOD'-WOOD, n. A name given to log-wood, from its 
color. 

BL60D'W6RT, n. A plant, a species of rumex. 

BL60D Y, a. 1. Stained with blood. 2. Cruel ; murderous ; 
given to the shedding of blood ; or having a cruel, savage 
disposition. 3. Attended with bloodshed ; marked by 
cruelty. 

BLoOD'Y, V. t. To stain with blood. Overbury. 

BL60D'Y, adv. Very ; as, bloody sick, bloody drunk. [T/tw 
is very vulg;jLr.Ji 

BL60DW-EyED, a. Having bloody or cruel eyes. 

BL60D Y-FACED, a. Having a bloody face or appearance. 

BL60D'Y-FLUX, n. The dysentery. 

f BLOOD'Y-FLUXED, a. Afflicted with the bloody-flux. 

BLoOD'Y-HAND, n. A hand stained with the blood of a 
deer. Ash. 

BL60D'Y-HUNT-TNG, a. Hunting for blood. 

BLoOD'Y-MIND-ED, a. Having a cruel, ferocious disposi- 
tion ; barbarous ; inclined to shed blood. 

BL6 oD' Y-RED, a. Having the colour of blood. 

BLDOD'Y-SCEP'TRED, a. Having a sceptre obtained by 
blood or slaughter. Shale. 

BL60D Y-SWEAT, n. A sweat, accompanied by a dis- 
charge of blood ; also a disease, called sweating sickness. 

BLOOM, 71. [Goth, bloma.] ]. Blossom ; the flower of a 
plant ; an expanded bud. 2. The opening of flowers in 
general ; flowers open, or in a state of blossoming. 3. 
The state of youth, resembling that of blossoms ; a state 
of opening manhood, life, beauty, and vigor. 4. The 
blue color upon plums and grapes newly gathered. 

BLOOM, V. i. 1. To produce or yield blossoms ; to flower. 
2. To be in a state of healthful, growing youth and vig- 
or ; to show the beauty of youth. 

t BLOOM, V. t. To put forth as blossoms. 

BLOOM, 71. [Sax. blo7na.] A mass of iron that has passed 
the blomary, or undergone the first hammering. 


BLOOM'ING, ppr. Opening in blossoms ; flowering j thriv- 
ing in the health, beauty and vigor of youth ; showing 
the beauties of youth. 

BLOOM*ING-LY, adv. In a blooming manner. 

BLOOM'Y, a. Full of bloom ; flowery ; flourishing with 
the vigor of youth ; as, a bloomy spray ; bloomy beau- 
ties. 

t BliORE, 71. The act of blowing ; a blast. 

BLOS'SOM 71. [Sax. fc/osw.] 1. The flower or corol of a 
plant ; a general term, applicable to every species of tree 
or plant. 2. This word is used to denote the color of a 
horse, that has his hair white, but intermixed with sorrel 
and bay hairs. 

BLOsS'SOM, V. i. 1. To put forth blossoms or flowers ; to 
bloom ; to blow ; to flower. 2. To flourish and prosper. 

BLOS'SOM-ING, ppr. Putting forth flowers ; blowing. 

BLOS'SOM-ING, n. The blowing or flowering of plants. 

tBLOS'SOM-Y, a. Full of blossoms. 

BLOT, V. t. [Goth, blauthjan.] 1. To spot with ink ; to 
stain or bespatter with ink. 2. To obliterate writing or 
letters with ink. 3. To efface ; to erase ; to cause to be 
unseen, or forgotten ; to destroy. 4. To stain with infa- 
my ; to tarnish ; to disgrace ; to disfigure. 5. To darken. 

BLOT, 71. 1. A spot or stain on paper, usually applied to ink. 
2. An obliteration of something written or printed. 3. 
A spot in reputation ; a stain ; a disgrace ; a reproach ; 
a blemish. 4. Censure ; scorn ; reproach. 5. In back- 
gammon, when a single man lies open to be taken up. 

BLOTCH, 71. [Sax. blactha.] A pustule upon the skin ; an 
eruption, usually of a large kind. 

BLOTCH, V. t. To blacken. Harmar, 

BLOTE, V. t. To dry and smoke. 

BLoT'ED, pp. Smoked and dried. 

BLOT'TED, pp. Stained ; spotted ; erased. 

BLOT^TER, 71. In counting houses, a waste book. 

BLOT'TING, ppr. Spotting with ink j obliterating ; stain- 
ing. 

BLOW, n. 1. The act of striking ; more generally the 
stroke. 2. The fatal stroke ; a stroke that kills ; hence, 
death. 3. An act of hostility. 4. A sudden calamity ; 
a sudden or severe evil. 5. A single act ; a sudden event. 

6. An ovum, or egg deposited by a fly. 

BLOW, V. i. pret. blew ; pp. blown. [Sax. blawen, blowan."] 
1. To make a current of air ; to move as air. 2. To pant ; 
to puff ; to breathe hard or quick. 3. To breathe. 4. To 
sound with being blown, as a horn or trumpet. 5. To 
flower ; to blossom ; to bloom ; as plants. — To blow over, 
to pass away without effect ; to cease or be dissipated. — 
To blow up, to rise in the air ; also, to be broken and scat- 
tered by the explosion of gun-powder. 

BLoW, V. t. 1. To throw or drive a current of air upon. 2. 
To drive by a current of air ; to impel. 3. To breathe upon, 
for the purpose of warming. 4. To sound a wind instru- 
ment. 5. To spread by report. 6. To deposit eggs, as flies. 

7. To form bubbles by blowing. 8. To swell and inflate, 
as veal. 9. To form glass into a particular shape by the 
breath, as in glass manufactories. 10. To melt tin, after 
being first burnt to destroy the mundic. — To blow away, 
to dissipate; to scatter with wind. — To blow down, to 
prostrate by wind. — To blow off, to shake down by wind, 
as to blow off fruit from trees ; to drive from land ; as, to 
blow off a ship. — To blow out, to extinguish by a current 
of air, as a candle. — To blow up. 1. To fill with air ; to 
swell. 2. To inflate ; to puff up. 3. To kindle. 4. To 
burst, to raise into the air, or to scatter, by the explosion 
of gunpowder. Figuratively, to scatter or bring to naught 
suddenly. — To blow upon, to make stale. 

BLOW, 71. 1. A flow’er ; a blossom. This word is in general 
use in the United States. In the Tatler, it is used for 
blossoms in general. 2. Among seamen, a gale of wind. 
This also is in general use in the United States. 

BLoW'-BALL, 71. The flower of the dandelion. 

BLoW'ER,’ n. 1. One who blows ; one who is employed in 
melting tin. 2. A plate of iron for drawing up a fire in :t 
stove chimney. 

BLoW'ING, ppr. Making a current of air ; breathing quick ; 
sounding a wind instrument ; inflating ; impelling by 
wind ; melting tin. 

BLoW'ING, n. The motion of wind, or act of blowing. 

BLoWN, pp. Driven by wind ; fanned ; sounded by blow- 
ing ; spread by report ; swelled ; inflated ; expanded as 
a blossom. 

BLoW'-PIPE, 71. An instrument by which a blast or current 
of air is driven through the flame of a lamp or candle, and 
that flame directed upon a mineral substance, to fuse or 
vitrify it. 

BLoW-POINT, 71. A kind of play among children. 

BLoWTH, n. [Tr. blath, blaith.] Bloom, or blossom,. or 
that which is expanded ; the state of blossoming. 

BLOWZE, (blowz) n. A ruddy, fat-faced woman. 

BLOWZ'Y, a. Ruddy-faced ; fat and ruddy ; high-colored. 

t BLUB, V. t. To swell. See Bleb. 

BLUB'BER, 71. [See Blobber, Blob, and Bleb.] 1. A 
blobber or bubble ; a common, vulgar word. 2. The fat of 


* See Synopsis, a, E, X, 0, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PRgY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


BLU 


95 


BOA 


whales and other large sea animals, of which is made 
train-oil. 3. Sea-nettle, or sea-blubber, the medusa, 

BLUB'BER, V. i, T3 weep in such a manner as to swell 
the cheeks. 

BLUB'BER, V. t. To swell the cheeks, or disfigure the face, 
with weeping, 

BLUB BEKED, pp. Swelled ; big ; turgid. 

BLUB'BER-ING, ppr. Weeping so as to swell the cheeks. 

BLUD6EON, n [Goth. l^lygg'u>cin.] A short stick, with 
one end loaded, or thicker and heavier than the other, 
and used as ati ofiensive weapon. 

BLUE, (bill) a. [Sax. bleo, hleok^ blcow.'] One of the seven 
colors, into which tlie rays of light divide themselves, 
wlien refracted through a glass prism. I'here are various 
shades of blue, as sky-blue^ox azure^ Prussian blue, indigo 
blue, smalt blue, &lc. 

BLUE, V. t. To make blue; to dye of a blue color; to 
make blue by heating, as metals, <Stc. 

BLUE BIRD, n. A small bird, a species of motacilla. 

BLOE^-BON-NET, 71 , A plant, a species of centaurea. 

BLOE'-BOT-TLE, 77 . 1. A plant, a species of centaurea. 
2. A fly with a large, blue belly. 

BLuE^-€AP, n. A fisii of the salmon kind. 

BLCE'-E^ED, a. Having blue eyes. Drydcn, 

BLCE'-FISH, n. A fish, a species of coryphccna. 

BLuE'-HAIRED, a. Having hair of a blue color. 

BLOE^-JOHN, n. Among miners, fluor spar, a mineral. 

BLOE^LY, ado. With a blue color. Smft.. 

BLUE NESS, 71. The quality of being blue ; a blue color. 
Boyle. 

BLUE'-THRoAT, n, A bird with a tawny breast. 

BLOE'-VfilNED, a. Having blue veins or streaks. 

BLUFF, a. Big ; surly ; blustering. Dryden. 

BLUFF, 71 . A high bank, almost perpendicular, projecting 
into the sea ; a high bank presenting a steep front. Bel- 
knap. Mar. Diet. 

BLUFFI-BOWED, a. Having broad and flat bows. 

BLUFF'-HEAD-ED, a. Having an upright stem. 

BLUFF'NESS, n. A swelling or bloatedness ; surliness. 

BLO'ISH, a. Blue in a small degree. Pope. 

BLC'ISH-NESS, n. A small degree of blue color. 

BLUN^DER, V. i. 1. To mistake grossly ; to err widely or 
stupidly. 2. To move without direction, or steady guid- 
ance ; to plunge at an object ; to move, speak, or write 
with sudden and blind precipitance. 3. To stumble, as a 
horse. 

BLUN DER, 71 . A mistake through precipitance, or without 
due exercise of judgment ; a gross mistake. 

BLUN'DER-BUSc?, n. [blunder, and D. A short gun, 
or fire-arm, with a large bore, capable of holding a number 
of balls, and intended to do execution without exact aim. 

BLUN'DER-ER, n. One who is apt to blunder, or to make 
gross mistakes ; a careless person. 

BLUN'DER-HEAD, ji. A stupid fellow ; one who blunders. 
IP Estrange. 

BLUN'DER-ING, ppr. Moving or acting with blind precip- 
itance ; mistaking grossly ; stumbling. 

BLUN'DER-ING-LY, ado. In a blundering manner. 

BLUNT, a. 1. Having a thick edge or point, as an instru- 
ment ; dull ; not sharp. 2. Dull in understanding ; slow 
of discernment. 3. Abrupt in address ; plain ; uncere- 
monious ; wanting the forms of civility ; rough in man- 
ners or s^ech. 4. Hard to penetrate ; [u?i77su«/.] 

BLUxNT, V. t. 1. To dull the edge or point, by making it 
thicker. 2. To repress or weaken any appetite, desire or 
power of the mind. 

BLUNT'ED, pp. Made dull / weakened ; impaired ; re- 
]>ressed. 

BLUNTUNG, ppr. Making dull ; repressing; impairing. 

BLUNT'iNG, 71. Restraint. Taijlor, 

BLUNT'LY, ado. In a blunt manner ; coarsely ; plainly ; 
abruptly ; without delicacy, or the usual forms of civility. 

BLUNT'NES{4, ?t. 1. Want of edge or point ; dullness ; ob- 
tuseness ; want of sharpness. 2. Coarseness of address ; 
rouffhness of manners ; rude sincerity or plainness. 

BLUNT'WIT-TED, a. Dull ; stupid. S/ialc. 

BLUR, 77 . A dark spot ; a stain ; a blot, whether upon paper 
or other substance, or upon reputation. 

BLUR, V. t. 1. To obscure by a dark spot, or by any foul 
matter, without quite effacing 2. To sully : to stain ; 
to blemish. 

BLURRED, (blurd) pp. Darkened or stained ; obscured. 

BLUR'RING, ppr. Darkening or staining ; spotting. 

BLURT, V. t. To throw out, or throw at random, hastily, 
or unadvisedly ; to utter suddenly or inadvertently. 
Young, 

BliUSpr, V. {. [D. hlflozcn.] 1. To redden in the cheeks or 
face ; to be suddenly suffused with a red color in the 
cheeks or face, from a sense of guilt, shame, confusion, 
modesty, diffidence or surprise. 2. To bear a blooming 
red color, or any soft, bright color. — Shakspeare has used 
this word in a transitive sense, to make red. 

BLUSH, 77 . 1. A red color sufiusing the cheeks only, or the 
face generally, and excited by confusion, which may 


spring from shame, guilt, modesty, diffidence or surprise 
2. A red or reddish color* 3* Eudden appearance ; a 
glance. Locke>. 

f BLUSH, V. t. To make red. Shak. 

fBLUSH'ET, n, A young, modest girl. 

t BLUSIFFUL, a. Full of blushes. Thomson. 

BLUSHRNG, ppr. Reddening in the cheeks or face ; bear- 
ing a bright color. 

BLUSH'LESS, < 7 . Unblushing ; past blushing ; impudent. 

BLUSH'Y, a. Like a blush ; having the color of a blush. 

BLUS'TER, V. i. 1. To be loud, noisy or swaggering ; to 
bully ; to puff; to swagger. 2. To roar, and be tumultu- 
ous, as wind ; to be boisterous ; to be windy ; to hurry. 

t BLUS TER, V. t. To blow down. 

IbLUS'TER, 77 . Noise ; tumult ; boasting ; boisterousness ; 
turbulence ; roar of a tempest ; violent wind ; hurry ; 
any irregular noise and tumult from wind, or from van- 
ity. 

BLUE'TER-ER, 77 . A swaggerer ; a bully ; a noisy, tumul- 
tuous fellow, who makes great pretensions from vanity. 

BLUS'TER-ING, ppr. Making a noise ; puffing ; boasting. 

BLUS'TER-ING, a. Noisy ; tumultuous ; windy. 

BLUS'TROUS, a. Noisy ; tumultuous ; boastful. 

BO, excl. [W. bw.] A word of terror ; a customary sound 
uttered by children to frighten their fellows. 

Bo'A, 77 . A genus of serpents, of the class amphibia, the 
chaiacters of which are, the belly and tail are furnished 
with sczita. It includes the largest species of serpent, the 
constrictor, sometimes 30 or 40 feet long. 

BoAR, 77 . [Sax. bar y Corn, bora.^ The male of swine not 
castrated^ 

BoAR'-SPeAR, 77 . A spear used in hunting boars. 

B5AR, V. i. In the manege, a horse is said to boar, when 
he shoots out his nose, raising it as high as his ears, and 
tosses his nose in the wind. 

BOARD, 77 . [Sax. bord.'] 1. A piece of timber sawed thin, 
and of considerable length and breadth, compared with 
the tliickness, used for building and other purposes. 2. A 
tabjo. 3. Entertainment ; food ; diet. 4. A table at 
Which a council or court is held. 5. The deck of a sliip ; 
the interior part of a ship or boat. 6. The side of a ship. 
[Fr. bord', Sp. borda.'] 7. The line over which a ship 
runs between tack and tack. 8. A table for artificers to sit 
or work on. 9. A table or frame for a game. 10. A body 
of men constituting a quorum in session ; a court, or 
council. 

Board, v.t. l. To lay or sp|i*ead with boards ; to cover 
with boards. 2. To enter a ship by force in combat, which 
answers to storming a city or fort on land. 3. To attack ; 
to make the first attempt upon a man. In Spenser, to ac- 
cost. [Fr. aborder.] [06s.] 4. To place at board, for a 

compensation, as a lodger. 5. To furnish with food, or 
food and lodging, for a compensation. 

Board, v. i. To receive food or diet as a lodger or without 
lodgings, for a compensation. 

BoARD'A-BLE, a. That may be boarded, as a ship. 

BoARD'EI), pp. Covered with boards ; entered by armed 
men, as a ship ; furnished with food for a compensation. 

BoAIlD'ER, 77 . 1. One who has food or diet and lodging in 
ajiother’s family for a reward. 2. One who boards a ship 
m action ; one who is selected to board ships. 

BoARDHNG, ppr. Covering with boards; entering a ship 
by force ; furnishing or receiving board. 

Board ING-SCHOOL, n. A school, the scholars of which 
hoard witli the teacher. 

BoARD'-WA-GEf?, 7 ?. Wages allowed to servants to keep 
themselves in victuals. 

BoARRSH, a. Fwinish ; brutal : cruel. Shak. 

BOAST, V. i. [W. bostiatc.] 1. To brag, or vaunt one’s self ; 
to make an ostentatious display, in speech, of one’s own 
tvorth, property, or actions. 2. To glory ; to speak with 
laudable pride and ostentation of meritorious persons or 
things. 3. I’o exalt one’s self. 

Boast, v. t. 1. To display in ostentatious language ; to 
speak of with pride, vanity or exultation, with a view to 
self-commendation. 2. To magnify or exalt, 3. To exult 
in confident expectation. 

BoAST, 77. 1. Expression of ostentation, pride or vanity ; a 
vaunting. 2. The cause of boasting ; occasion of pride, 
vanity, or laudable exultation. 

BoAST'ER, n. One who boasts, glories or vaunts ostenta- 
tiously. 

BoAST'FUL, a. Given to boasting ; ostentatious of person- 
al worth or actions. 

BOAST'ING, pp?’. Talking ostentatiously ; glorying; vaunt- 
ing.* 

BoASTTNG, 77 . Ostentatious display of personal worth, or 
actions : a glorying or vaunting. 

BoASTTNG-LY, ado. In an ostentatious manner; with 
boasting. 

BoAST'IVE, a. Presumptuous. [Unusual.'] 

BoAST'LESS, a. Without ostentation. Thomson. 

Boat, n. [Sax. and Sw. bat.] I. A small open vessel, or 
water craft, usually moved by oars, or rowing. 2. A 


♦ See Synopsis. MO YE, BOOK, DOVE ;— B^LL, UNITE.— € asK;OasJ;SasZ; CII as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


BOD 


96 


BOI 


Bmall vessel carrying a mast and sails ; but usually de- 
scribed by another word^ as, a packet-boat» 

BOAT, V, t. To transport in a boat j as, to boat goods across 
a lake. Ash, 

BOAT'A-BLE, a. Navigable for boats, or small river craft. 
Ramsay. 

BoAT'-BlLL, n. A genus of birds, the cancroma. 
BoAT'-FLY, or BOAT'-IN-SECT, n. A genus of insects. 
BoAT'-HQQK, n. An iron hook with a point on the back, 
fixed to a long pole, to pull or push a boat. 

BOAT'ING, Transporting in boats. 

BOAT'iNG, n. 1. The act or practice of transporting in 
boats. — 2. In Persia, a punishment of capital offenders by 
laying them on the back in a boat which is covered, 
wliere they perish. 

BO-a'TION, w. [L. boo.'] A crying out ; a roar. 
OAT'MAJN, or BoATS'xMAN, n. A man who manages a 
boat ; a rower of a boat. 

BOAT'-ROPE, n. A rope to fasten a boat, usually called a 
painter, 

BoAT'-SHAPED, a. Having the shape of a boat ; navicu- 
1^ : cymbiform j hollow, like a boat. 

* BoAT'SWAIN, n. {in familiar speech, pronounced hd'sn.) 
(Sax. batswein.] An officer on board of ships, who has 
charge of the boats, sails, rigging, colors, anchors, cables 
and cordage. 

BOB, 71. 1. Any little round thing, that plays loosely at the 
end of a string, cord, or movable machine ; a little orna- 
ment or pendant, that hangs so as to play loosely. 2. The 
words repeated at the end of a stanza. 3. A blow ; a 
shake or jog ; a jeer or flout. 4. The ball of a short pen- 
dulum. 5. A mode of ringing. 6. A bob-wig. 

BOB, V. t. 1. To beat ; to shake or jog. 2. To cheat ; to 
gain by fraud. 3. To mock or delude. 4. To cut short. 
BOB, V. i. 1. To play backward and forward ; to play loose- 
ly against any thing. 2. To angle or fish for eels, or to 
catch eels with a bob. 

fBO-BANCE', (bo-bans') n. A boasting. Chaucer. 
JbOBBED, pp. Beat or shaken ; cheated j gained by fraud ; 
deluded. 

BOB'BIN, n. [Fr. bobine ; D. babyn,] A small pin or cylin- 
drical piece of wood, with a head, on which thread is 
wound for making lace. A similar instrument, used in 
spinning j a spool. 

BOB'BING, ppr. Playing back and forth ; striking j cheat- 
ing ; angling for eels. 

BOB'BIN-WoRK, n. Work woven with bobbins. 

BOB BISH, a. In familiar discourse, used for being h* .y j 
in good spirits. 

BOB'-CIIER-RY, n. Among children, a play in wlfcli .. 

cherry is hung so as to bob against the mouth. 

B5'BO, 71. A Mexican fish, two feet long. 

BOB'STaYS, 77. Ropes to confine the bowsprit of a «hip 
downward to the stem. 

BOB'TAIL, 71. 1. A short tail, or a tail cut short. 2. I^he 
rabble : used in contempt. ‘ 

BOB'-TAILED, a. Having the hair cut short. 

BOB'-WIG, 71. A short wig. Spectator. 

BOGAQ.UE, or BO€AKE, n. An animal found on the 
banks of the Dnieper. 

BOe'A-SlNE, 71. [Fr.] A sort of fine linen or buckram. 
BOCE, n. The sparus, a beautiful fish. Ash. 

BO€K*E~REt’ I ^ of long-winged hawk. 

BOGK'LAND. [See Bookland.] Encyc. 

BODE, V t. [Sax. bodian, hodigan.] To portend ; to fore- 
show •, to presage ; to indicate something future by signs ; 
to be the omen of. 

BODE, V. i. To foreshow ; to presage. Dryden. 

BODE, 77. 1. An omen. Chaucer. 2. A stop. See Abide. 
t BoDE'MENT, n. An omen *, portent ; prognostic, 
t BODGE, V. i. To boggle ; to stop. Shak. 
t BODGE, 71. A botch. Whitlock. 

BOD'ICE, 71. Stays ; a waistcoat, quilted with whalebone, 
worn by women. h 

BOD lED, a. Having a body. Shak. 

BODT-LESS, a. Having no body or material form j incor- 
poreal. 

tBOD'I-LI-NESS, 71. Corporality. Minsheu. 

BODT-LY, a. 1. Having or containing a body, or material 
form ; corporeal. 2. Relating or pertaining to the body, 
in distinction from the mind. 3. Real ; actual. 
BOD'I-LY, ado. Corporeally ; united with a body or matter. 
BoDfiNG, ppr. Foreshowing •, presaging. 

BoD'ING, 71. An omen. Bp. Ward. 

BOD KIN, 71. 1. An instrument for making holes by pierc- 
ing. An instrument with an eye, for drawing thread, 
tape, or riband through a loop, &c. An instrument to dress 
the hair. 2. A dagger ; {not in use.] 

BOD'LEI-AN, a. Pertaining to Sir Thomas Bodley. 

BOD'Y, n. [Sax. bodig.] 1. The frame of an animal ; the 
material substance of an animal. 2. Matter, as opposed 
to spirit. Hooker, 3. A person ; a human being ; some- 
times alone ; more generally, with some or no ,• as, some- 


body ; nobod,y. 4. Reality, as opposed to representation. 

6. A collective mass j a number of individuals or particu- 
lars united. 6. The main army ; any number of forces. 

7. A corporation j a number of men, united by a common 
tie, by one form of government, or by occupation. 8. The 
main part ; the bulk ; as, the body of a tree. 9. Any ex- 
tended, solid substance •, matter *, any substance or mass 
distinct from others. 10. A pandect ; a general collec- 
tion ; a code j a system. 11. Strength j as, wine of a good 
body. 

BOD'Y, V. t. To produce in some form. 

BOD'Y-CLOTHES, n. plu. Clothing or covering for the 
body, as for a horse. Addison. 

BOD'Y-GUARD, n. The guard that protects or defends tlie 
person ; the life-guard. Hence, security. 

BOG, 71. [Ir. bog.] 1. A quagmire covered with grass or 
other plants. 2. A little elevated spot or clump of earth, 
in marshes and swamps, filled with roots and grtisa. JVeio 
England. 

BCXJ, v.t. To whelm or plunge, as in mud and mire. 

BOG'-Bi5AN, n. Menyanthes, a plant. 

BOG'-BER-RY, n, Vaccinium ; a name of the cranberry 
growing in marshy places. 

BOG'GLE, v.i. 1. To doubt; to hesitate; to stop, as if 
afraid to proceed, or as if impeded by unforeseen difficul- 
ties ; to play fast and loose. 2. To dissemble. 

BOG'GT.E, V. t. To embarrass with difficulties ; a popular 
or vulgar use of the word in the United States, 

BOG'GLED, pp. Perplexed and impeded by sudden difficul- 
ties ; embarrassed. >. 

BOG'GLER, 71. A doubter ; a timorous man. 

BOG'GLING, ppr. Starting or stopping at difficulties ; hesi- 
tating. 

f BOG'GLTSH, a. Doubtful. Taylor. 

BOG'GY, a. Containing bogs ; mil of bogs. 

BOGTIOUSE, 71. A house of office. 

BOG'-LAND, a. Living in or pertaining to a marshy coun- 
try. Dryden. 

BO'GLE, or BOG'GL.E, ti. [W. bwg.] A bugbear. 

BOG'-ORE, 71. An ore of iron found in boggy or swampy 
land. 

BOG'-RUSH, 71. 1. A rush that grows in bogs. 2. A bird, a 
species of warbler. 

BOG'-SPAV-IN, 71. In horses, an encysted tumor on the in- 
side of the hough. 

BOG'-TROT-TER, n. One who lives in a boggy country 
Johnson. 

BOG'-WHoRT, 77. The bilberry or whortleberry, growing 
in lq\v lands. 

BO-HeA', (bo-he') n. [Grosier informs us that this is named 
from a mountain in China, called Vou-y, or Voo-y.] A 
species of coarse or low-priced tea from China ; a species 
of black tea. 

BOFAR, or BOY'AR, n. In the Russian eynpire, a noble- 
man ; a lord ; a person of quality ; a soldier. 

BOPA-RIN, 77. In Russia, a gentleman. 

BOI-GUA'€U, 77. The largest of the serpent kind. 

BOIL, 77. i. [ Fr. 6o7aZZir ~Li.buUio.] 1. To swell, heave, or 
be agitated by the action of heat ; to bubble ; to rise in 
bubbles. 2. To be agitated by any other cause than 
heat. 3. To be hot or fervid ; to swell by native heat, 
vigor or irritation. 4. To be in boiling water ; to suffer 
boiling heat in water or other liquid, for cookery or other 
purpose. 5. To bubble ; to effervesce ; as a mixture of 
acid and alkali. — To boil away, to evaporate by boiling. 
— To boil over, is to mn over the top of a vessel. 

BOIL, V. t. 1. To dress or cook in boiling water ; to seethe ; 
to extract the juice or quality of any thing by boiling. 
2. To prepare for some use in boiling liquor. To form by 
boiling and evaporation. 

BOIL, 77. [D. buil ; Ger. beule ; Dan. bylde ; Sax. bile.] A 
tumor upon the flesh, accompanied with soreness ana in- 
flammation ; a sore, angry swelling. 

BOILED, pp. Dressed or cooked by boiling ; subjected to 
the action of boiling liquor. 

BOIL'ER, 77. 1. A person who boils. 2. A vessel in which 
any thing is boiled. 

BOIL'ER-Y, 71. A place for boiling and the apparatus. 

BOIL'ING, ppr. Bubbling ; heaving in bubbles ; being agi- 
tated, as boiling liquor ; swelling with heat, ardor or pas- 
sion ; dressing or preparing for some purpose by hot 
water. 

BOIL'ING, 77. The act or state of bubbling; agitation by 
heat ; ebullition ; the act of dressing by hot water ; the 
act. of preparing by hot water, or of evaporating by heat. 

BOI-o'BI, 77. A green snake, found in America. 

BOIS'TER-OUS, a. [D. byster ; W. bicyst.] 1. Loud ; roar- 
ing ; violent ; stormy. 2. Turbulent ; furious ; tumultu- 
ous ; noisy. 3. Large ; unwieldy ; huge ; clumsily vio- 
lent. [Ofts.] 4 Violent. 

BOIS'TER-OUS-LY, adv. Violently ; furiously ; with loud 
noise ; tumultuously. 

BOIS'TER-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
boisterous ; turbulence ; disorder ; tumultuousness. 


* See Synopsis A, E, I, 0 D, Y, FAR, FALL, WHA.T PRgY ;~PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete. 


BOL 97 BON 


BOI-TI-X'PO, n, A Brazilian serpent. 

Bo'LA-RY, a* Pertaining to bole or clay, or partaking of 
its nature and qualities. Brown. 

BOL'BI-TINE, a. An epithet given to one of the channels 
or mouths of the Nile. 

Bold, a. [Sax. bald, beald.l 1. Daring ; courageous *, brave •, 
intrepid ; fearless. 2. Requiring courage in the execution ; 
executed with spirit or boldness ^ planned with courage 
and spirit. 3. Confident ; not timorous. — 4. In an ill 
se7ise, rude, forward, impudent. 5. Licentious ; show- 
ing great liberty of fiction or expression. 6. Standing out 
to view ; striking to the eye ; as bold figures in painting. 
7. Steep ; abrupt j prominent ; as, a &oZd shore. — 7'omalcc 
bold, to take freedoms ; a common, but not a correct 
phrase. To be bold is better. 

f Bold, v, t. To make daring. Hall. 

BoLD'EN, (bold'dn) v. t. To make bold ; to give confi- 
dence. This is nearly disused. Ascham. 

BoLD'-FACE, n. Impudence j sauciness j a term of repre- 
^lension and reproach. 

BoLD'-FACED, a. Impudent. Bramhall. 

BoLD'LY, adv. In a bold manner ; courageously j intrep- 
idly 5 without timidity or fear ; with confidence. Some- 
times, perhaps, in a bad sense, for impudently. 

BoLDWESS, n. 1. Courage ; bravery 5 intrepidity *, spirit ; 
fearlessness. 2. Prominence *, the quality of exceeding 
the ordinary rules of scrupulous nicety and caution. 3. 
Freedom from timidity ; liberty. 4. Confidence *, confi- 
dent trust. 5. Freedom from bashfulness ; assurance ; 
confident mien. 6. Prominence ; steepness. 7. Excess 
of freedom, bordering on impudence. 

BOLE, n. [Sw. bol.] 1. The body, or stem of a tree. 
[JSTot in use.~\ 2. A measure of corn, containing six 
bushels. 

BOLE, 71. A kind of fine clay, often highly colored by iron. 

BO-LET'IC, a. Boletic acid is the acid of boletus. 

BO-Le'TUS, 71. [L.l A genus of mushrooms. 

Bo'LIS, 71. [L.] A fire-ball darting through the air, follow- 
ed by a train of light or sparks. 

BoLL, 71. [W. bul Sax. bolla.] The pod or capsule of a 
plant, as of flax ; a pericarp. Bole, a measure of six 
bushels, is sometimes written in this manner. 

BoLL, V. i. To form into a pericarp or seed-vessel. 

BoLL'INGS, 71. pi. Pollard-trees, whose heads and branch- 
es are cut off, and only the bodies left. Ray. 

BO-Lo'GNI-AN STONE, (bo-16'ne-an-stone) Radiated sul- 
phate of barytes, first discovered near Bologna. 

BoL'STER, 71. [Sax. and Sw. 1. A long pillow or 

cushion, used to support the head of persons lying on a 
bed. 2. A pad, or quilt. — 3. In saddlery, a part of a sad- 
dle raised upon the bows or hinder part, to hold the rider’s 
thigh. — 4. In ships, a cushion or bag, filled with tarred 
canvas, used to preserve the stays from being worn or 
chafed by the masts. 

BoL'STER, V. t. 1. To support with a bolster, pillow or any 
soft pad or quilt. 2. To support ; to hold up ; to maintain. 
3. To afford a bed to. [Unusual.] Shak. 

BoL'STERED, a. Swelled out. 

BoIi'STER-ER, n. A supporter. 

BoL'STER-ING, n. A prop or support. Taylor. 

Bolt, n. [Dan. bolt.] 1. An arrowy a dart; a pointed 
shaft. Dryden. 2. A strong cylindrical pin, of iron or 
other metal, used to fasten a door, a plank, a chain, &c. 
3. A thunder-bolt ; a stream of lightning, so named from 
its darting like a bolt. 4. The quantity of twenty-eight 
ells of canvas. 

Bolt, v. t. l. To fasten or secure with a bolt, or iron pin, 
whether a door, a plank, fetters, or any thing else. 2. To 
fasten ; to shackle ; to restrain. Shak. 3. To blurt out ; 
to utter or throw out precipitately. 4. [Norm, bulter, a 
bolting sieve, du. Fr. bhctcr.] To sift or separate bran 
from flour. — 5. Among sportsmen, to start or dislodge, used 
of conys. 6. To examine by sifting. [Ineletra^it.] 7. 
To purify ; to purge. [Unusual.] Shak. 8. To discuss or 
argue. 

BoLT, V. i. To shoot forth suddenly ; to spring out with 
speed and suddenness ; to start forth like a bolt. 

BoLT'-AU-GER, n. A large borer, used in ship-building. 

BoLT'-BoAT, n. A strong boat that will endure a rough 
sea. Ash. 

BoLT'ED, pp. Made fast with a bolt ; shot forth ; sifted ; 
examined. 

BoLT'ER, n. 1. An instrument or machine for separating 
bran from flour. 2. A kind of net. 

t BoLT'ER, V. t. To besmear. Shak. 

BoLT'-HEAD, n. A long, straight-necked glass vessel for 
chemical distillations, called also a matrass or receiver. 

BoLT'ING, ppr. Fastening with a bolt, or bolts; blurting 
out ; shooting forth suddenly ; separating bran from flour ; 
sifting ; examining ; discussing ; dislodging. 

BOLT'ING, n. The act of ftistening with a bolt or bolts ; a 
sifting; discussion. 

BoLT'ING-€LOTH, n. A linen or hair cloth, of which bolt- 
ers are made for sifting meal. 


BoLTTNG-HOUSE, n. The house or place where meal is 
bolted. 

BoLT'ING-HUTCH, n. A tub for bolted flour. 
BoLT'ING-MILL, n. A machine or engine for sifting 
meal. 

BoLT'ING-TUB, n. A tub to sift meal in. 

BoLT'-ROPE, n. A rope to which the edges of sails are 
sewed to strengthen them. 

BoLT'-SPRlT. See Bowsprit. 

Bo'LUS, n. [L.] A soft mass of any thing medicinal, to be 
swallowed at once, like a pill. 

BOM, n. A large serpent found in America. 

BOMB, (bum) n. [L. bombus ; Gr. (3op(^og.] 1. A great noise 
2. A large shell of cast iron, round and hollow, with a vent 
to receive a fusee, which is made of wood. This being 
filled with gunpowder, and the fusee set on fire, the bomb 
is thrown from a mortar, in such a direction as to fall into 
a fort, city, or enemy’s camp. 3. The stroke upon a bell 
t BOMB, V. t. To attack with bombs ; to bombard. 

B6MB, V. i. To sound. Ben Jonson. 

BoM'BARD, 71. [Fr. bombarde.] 1. A piece of short, thick 
ordnance. 2. An attack with bombs ; bombardment 
Barlow. 3. A barrel ; a drinking vessel ; [O65.] 
B6M-BARD', v.t. To attack with bombs thrown from 
mortars. 

B6M-BARD'ED, pp: Attacked with bombs. 
B6 M-BARD-IeR'i n. 1. One whose business is to attend 
the loading and firing of mortars. 2. Carabus, a genus of 
insects. 

BoM-BARD'ING, ppr. Attacking with shells or bombs. 
B6M-BARD'MENT, n. An attack with bombs ; the act of 
throwing bombs into a town, fort, or ship. 

BOM-BAR'DO, 71. A musical instrument of the wind kind, 
much like the bassoon, and used as a bass to the hautboy. 
Encyc. 

BoM-BA-S'IN', 71. A name given to two sorts of stuffs, one 
of silk, the other crossed of cotton. 

* BoM'BAST, 71. Originally, a stuff of soft, loose texture, 
used to swell garments. Hence, high-sounding words ; 
an inflated style ; fustian. 

* BoM'BAST, a. High-sounding ; inflated ; big without 
meaning. Swift. 

t B6M-BAST', V. t. To inflate. Bp. Hall. 

B6M-BASTHG, a. Swelled ; high-sounding ; bombast. 
B6M'BAST-RY, n. Swelling words without much mean- 
ing ; fustian. Swift. 

Bf ' yi'-CHEST, 71. A chest filled with bombs, or only with 
g uipowder, placed under ground, to make destruction by 
ijf, displosion. 

BC 'BI-AT, n. A salt formed by the bombic acid and any 
bv e saturated. Lavoisier. 

BOM'BIG, a. Pertaining to the silk-worm. 

B' M-BI-La'TION, 71. [L. bombilo.] Sound ; report , noise. 
Brown. [Little used.] 

EoMB'-KETCH, ) n. A small ship or vessel, constructed 
BoMB'-VES-SEL, ) for throwing bombs. 

BOM-BYC' 1-NOUS, a. [L. bombTfcinus.] 1. Silken ; made 
of silk. 2. Being of the color of the silk-worm ; trans- 
parent, with a yellow tint. 

BOM'BYX, n. [Gr. 0ou(5v^.] The silk-worm. 
Bo'NA-FI'DE. [L.] With good faith ; without fraud or 
deception. 

Bo-NA-Ro-BA, n. [It.] A showw wanton. Shak. 
t BO-NAIR', a. [It. bona?'io.] Complaisant ; yielding. 
BO-Na'SUS, n. [L J A species of bos, or wild ox. 
BON'-CHIeF, n. [Fr. bon chef.] Good consequence. 

BON CHRETIEN, r. [Fr.] A species of pear. 

BOND, n. [Sax. boiid.] 1. Any thing that binds, as a cord, 
a band. 2. Ligament ; that which holds things together. 
3. Union ; connection ; a binding. — 4. In the plural, 
chains, imprisonment ; captivity. 5. Cause of union ; 
cement which unites ; link of connection. 6. An obliga- 
tion imposing a moral duty, as by a vow, or promise, by 
' law or other means. — 7. In late, an obligation or deed, by 
which a person binds himself, his heirs, executors, and 
administrators, to pay a certain sum, on or before a future 
day appointed. 

BOND, a. [for bound.] In a state of servitude, or slavery ; 
captive. 

BOND, V. t. To give bond for ; to secure payment of, by 
giving a bond. War in Disguise. 

BOND'AGE, n. 1. Slavery, or involuntary servitude ; cap- 
tivity ; imprisonment ; restraint of a person’s liberty by 
compulsion. 2. Obligation ; tie of duty. 

BOND'ED, pp. Secured by bond, as duties. Bonded goods 
are those for the duties on which bonds are given at the 
custom-house. 

BOND'MaID, 71. A female slave. 

BOND'MAN, 71. A man slave. 

BOND'SER-VANT, n. A slave. 

BONiySER-VICE, n. The condition of a bond-servant . 
slavery. 

BOND'SLAVE, n. A person in a state of slaverj". 


* See S^jnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


BOO 


98 BOO 


BONDS'MAN, n. 1. A slave. [Ofts.l 2. A surety ; one who 
is bound, or who gives security, for another. 

BONDS'WOM-AN, or BOND'-WOM-AN, n. A woman 
slave. Ben Jonson. 

BOJV'DU€, n. A species of guilayidina, or nickar-tree. 

BONE, n. [Sax. ban.~^ 1. A firm, hard substance, of a dull 
white color, composing some part of the frame of an animal 
body. 2. A piece of bone, with fragments of meat adhering 
to it. — To be upon the bones, is to attack. [Little used, and 
vulffarj] — To make no bones, is to make no scruple. 

BONE, V. t. 1. To take out bones from the flesh, as in 
cookery. Johnson. 2. To put whale-bone into stays. ./3.9/t. 

BONES, n. A sort of bobbins, made of trotter bones, for 
weaving lace ; also dice. 

BoNE'-ACE, n. A game at cards. 

BoNE'-a€HE, n. Pain in the bones. Shak. 

BoNED, pp. Deprived of bones, as in cookery. 

Boned, c. Having bones *, used in composition. 

fBoNE'LACE, n. A lace made of linen thread, so called 
because made with bobbins of bone, or for its stiffness. 

BoNE^LESS, a. Without bones ; wanting bones. 

BoNE'-SET, V. t. To set a dislocated bone j to unite broken 
bones. Wiseman. 

BoNE'-SET, n. A plant ; the thoroughwort. 

BoNE'-SET-TER, n. One whose occupation is to set, and 
restore broken and dislocated bones. 

BoNE'-SET-TlNG, n. That branch of surgery which con- 
sists in replacing broken and luxated bones j the practice 
of setting bones. 

BoNE'-SPAV-IN, n. A bony excrescence, or hard swelling, 
on the inside of the hock of a horse’s leg. 

BO-NET'TA, n. A sea fish. Herbert. 

BON'FIRE, n. [Fr. bon, and fire.'] A fire made as an ex- 
pression of public joy and exultation. 

■f BON'GRACE, n. [Fr. bonne, and grace.] A covering for 
the forehead. Beaumont. 

t BON'I-F1?, V. t. To convert into good. Cudworth. 

BO-Ni'TO, n. [Sp.] A fish of the tunny kind. 

fBON'I-TY, 71. Goodness. 

BON'MOT, 71. [Fr. boji and mot.] A jest ; a witty repartee. 
This word is not anglicized, and may be pronounced 
ho-mo. 

BON'NET, 71. [Fr. bonnet.] 1. A covering for the head. — 
2. In fortification, a small work with two faces, having 
only a parapet, with two rows of palisades. 

fBON'NET, v.i. To pull off the bonnet; to make obei- 
sance. Shak. 

BON'NET-PEP-PER, n. A species of capsicum. 

BON'Nl-BEL, 71. [Fr. bonne and belle.] A handsome girl. 

Sp C71S m 

BON'NI-LASS, 71. A beautiful girl. Spenser. 

BON'NI-LY, adv. Gayly ; handsomely ; plumply. 

BON'NI-NESS, 71. Gayety ; handsomeness ; plumpness. 
[Little 7/sed.] 

BON'NY, a. [Fr. bon, bonne.] 1. Handsome ; beautiful. 
2. Gay ; merry ; frolicksome ; cheerful ; blithe. — 3. In 
familiar language, plump. 

BON'NY, 71. Among miners, a bed of ore. 

BON'NY-€LAB-BER, n. A word used in Ireland for sour 
buttermilk. It is used in America for any milk that is 
turned, or become thick, in the process of souring. 

BON'TEN, 71. A narrow woolen stuff. 

Bo'NUM MAG'NUM. [L.] A species of plum. 

Bo'NUS, 71. [L.] A premium given for a charter or other 
privilege. 

Bo'NY, a. 1. Consisting of bones ; full of bones ; pertain- 
ing to bones. 2. Having large or prominent bones ; stout ; 
strong. 

BON'ZE, (bon'zy) n. An Indian priest. 

BOOBY, 71. [Sp. & 0 & 0 .] ]. A dunce ; a stupid fellow; a 
lubber. 2. A fowl of the pelican genus. 

BOOK, 71. [Sax. boc.] 1. A general name of every literary 
composition which is printed ; but appropriatclij, a printed 
composition bound ; a volume. 2. A particular part of a 
literary composition ; a division of a subject in the same 
volume. 3. A volume or collection of sheets for writing, 
or in which accounts are kept. — In books, in kind remem- 
brance ; in favor. Without book, by memory ; without 
reading ; without notes ; without authority. 

BOOK, V. t. To enter, write, or register in a book. 

BOOK-AC-COUNT', n. An account or register of debt or 
credit in a book. 

BOOK'BiND-ER, n. One whose occupation it is to bind 
bonks. 

BOOK'BTND-ING, n. The art or practice of binding books ; 
or of sewing the sheets, and covering them with leather 
or other material. 

BOOK'CASE, 71. A case for holding bonks. 

BOOKED, pp. Written in a book ; registered. 

BOOK'FTJL, a. Full of notions gleaned from books ; crowded 
’with undigested learning. 

BOOK'ING, ppr. Registering in a book. 

BOOK'ISH, a. Given to reading ; fond of study ; more ac- 
quainted with books than with men. 


BOOK'ISH-LY, adv. In the way of being addicted to book?, 
or much reading. 

BOOK'lSH-iVESS, 71. Addictedness to books. 

B06K'-KEEP-ER, 71. One who keeps accounts, or the ac- 
counts of another. 

BOOK'-KEEP-ING, 71. The art of recording mercantile 
transactions in a regular and systematic manner ; the art 
of keeping accounts. 

BOOK'D AND, or BOCK'LAND, n. In old English laws, 
charter land, the same as free socage land. 

BOOK'LEARN-ED, a. Versed in books ; acquainted with 
books and literature. 

BOOK'LEARN-JNG, n. Learning acquired by reading ; 
acquaintance witli books and literature. 

BOOK'LESS, a. Without books ; unlearned. 

b66k MA-KING, 71. The practice of writing and publish- 
ing books. 

BOOK' MAN, 71. A man whose profession is the study of 
books. 

BOOK'MATE, n. A school-fellow. Shak. 

bOOK'oATH, 71. The oath made on the Book, or Bible. 

BOOK'SEL-LER, n One whose occupation is to sell books. 

BOOK'STORE, n What are called booksellers'* shops, in 
England, are, in the United States, called bookstores, 
Pickering^s Eocabular]j. 

BOOK'WoRM, 71. 1. A worm or mite that eats holes in 
books. 2. A student closely attached to books, or addict- 
ed to study. 

BOO'LEY, 71. In Ireland, one who has no settled habitation. 

BOOM, 77. [D. boom.] 1. A long pole, or spar, run out from 
various parts of a ship, or other vessel, for the pu’-pose of 
extending the bottom of particular sails. 2. A strong iron 
chain, fastened to spare, and extended across a river, or 
the mouth of a harbor. 3. A pole set up as a mark to 
direct seamen. 

BOOM, v.i. [Sax. byma, byme.] 1. In marine language, to 
rush with violence, as a sliip under a press of sail. 2. To 
swell ; to roll and roar, as waves. 3. To cry as the'bit- 
tern. 

BOOM'KIN. See Bum kin. 

BOON, 71. [L. bonus ; Fr. bon ; Norm, boon.] 1. A gift ; a 
grant ; a benefaction ; a present ; a favor granted. Addi- 
son. 2. [Dan. b'on.] A prayer, or petition. 

BOON, a. [Fr. bon ,• L. 6o7ms.] Gay ; merry ; kind ; boun- 
tiful ; as, a boon companion. Milton. 

Bo'OPS, 71. The pike-headed whale. 

BOOR, 77. [Sax. gebur ; D. boer.] A countryman ; a peas- 
ant ; a rustic ; a plowman ; a clown. 

BOOR'ISH, a. Clownish ; rustic ; awkward in manners ; 
illiterate. Shak. 

BOOR'ISH-LY, adv. In a clownish manner. 

BOOR'ISH-NESS, ?i. Clownishness ; rusticity ; coarseness 
of manners. 

t BOOSE, 71. [Sax. bosig, bosg.] A stall or inclosuie for an 
ox, cow, or other cattle. 

BOOSE, or BOUSE, (booz) v. i. [W. bozi.] To drink hard ; 
to guzzle. [Tulgar.] 

BOO'SY, (boo'zy ) a. A little intoxicated ; merry with liquor. 

BOOST, V. t. To lift or raise by pushing ; to push up. [A 
common, vulgar word in A'ew England.] 

BOOT, v.t. [Sax. bot, bote.] 1. To profit ; to advantage. 
Hooker. 2. To enrich ; to benefit. [06s.] Shak. 

BOOT, 71. 1. Profit ; gain ; advantage ; that which is giv- 
en to make the exchange equal. 2. To 6oot, in addition 
to ; over and above. 3. Spoil ; plunder. [See Booty.] 
Shak. 

BOOT, 77. [Fv.botte.] L A covering for the leg, made of 
leather, and united with a shoe. 2. A kind of rack for 
the leg, formerly used to torture criminals. 3. A box 
covered with leather in the fore part of a coach. Also, 
an apron or leathern cover for a gig or chair, to defend per- 
sons from rain and mud. This latter application is local 
and improper. 

BOOT, v.t. To put on boots. 

t BOOT'€ATCH-ER, n. The person at an inn whose busi- 
ness is to pull off boots. Swift. 

BOOT'ED, pp. Having boots on. Dryden. 

BOOT-EE', 77. A word sometimes used for a half or short 
boot. 

BO-o'TES, 77. A northern constellation. 

BOOTH, 71. [W. bwth ; Ir. boith, or both.] A house or shed 
built of boards, boughs of trees, or other slight materials, 
for a temporary residence. 

BOOT'-HOSE, 71. Stocking-hose or spatterdashes, in lieu of 
boots. 

BOOT'TjEG, 71. Leather cut out for the leg of a boot. 

BOOTTjESS, a. Unavailing ; unprofitable ; useless ; with- 
out advantage or success. Shak. 

BOOT'LESS-LY, ado. Without use or profit. 

BOOT'-TOP-PING, 77. The operation of cleansing a ship’s 
bottom, near the surface of llie water. 

BOOT/-TREE, or BOOT'-LaST, 71. An instrument to 
stretch and widen the leg of a boot. 


■ * See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — •}• Obsolete. 


BOR 


99 


BOS 


BOOT'Y, n. [Sw» byte ; Dan. bytte.] 1. Spoil taken from an 
enemy in war ; plunder ; pillage. 2. That which is 
seized by violence and robbery. — To play booty y is to play 
dishonestly, with an intent to lose. 

BO-PEEP', 71. The act of looking out or from behind some- 
thing, and drawing back, as children in play, for the pur- 
pose of frightening each other. 

BoR'A-BLE, a. That may be bored. \^Little used.'] 
BO-RACH'IO, n. [Sp. borracho.] 1. A drunkard. 2. A 
bottle or cask ; \not used.] 

Bo-RAC'l€, a. Pertaining to, or produced from, borax. 
Bo'RA-CITE, 71. Borate of magnesia. 

Bo'RA-CI-TED, a. Combined with boracic acid. 
Bo'RA-COUS AC'ID. The base of boracic acid, partially 
saturated with oxygen. 

BOR'AOE, (bur'rage) n. A plant of the genus borago. 
BOR'A-MEZ, n. The Scythian lamb. Brown. 

Bo'RATE, 71. A salt formed by a combination of boracic 
acid with any base saturated. 

Bo'RAX, 77. [Russ, ittra.] Sub-borate of soda. 
BOR'BO-RYGM, n. [Gr. ^o^^oovypos.] A term in medicine 
for a rumbling noise in the guts. 

BoRD'AGE. See Bordlands. 

BORD'EL, or BOR-DEL'LO, 77. [Fr. bordel ; It. bordello.] A 
brothel , a bawdy-house ; a house devoted to prostitution. 
BORD'EL-LER, n. The keeper of a brothel. Gower. 
BORD'ER, 77. [Fr. bord.] The outer edge of any thing ; the 
extreme part or surrounding line : the confine or exterior 
limit of a country ; the edge of a garment 5 a bank raised 
at the side of a garden. 

BORD'ER, V. i. 1. To confine ; to touch at the edge, side, 
or end ; to be contiguous or adjacent ; with oji or upon. 
2. To approach near to. 

BORD'ER, V. t. 1. To make a border ; to adorn with a 
border of ornaments. 2. To reach to ; to touch at the 
edge or end ; to confine upon ; to be contiguous to. 3. 
To confine within bounds ; to limit ; [not used.] 
BORD'ERED, pp. Adorned or furnished with a border. 
BORD'ER-ER, n. One who dwells on a border, or at the 
extreme part or confines of a country, region, or tract of 
land ; one who dwells near to a place. 

BORD'ER-ING, ppr. Lying adjacent to ; forming a border. 
BoRD'-HALF-PEN-NY, n. Money paid for setting up 
boards or a stall in market. Burn. 

BoRD'-LAND, n. In old lawy the demain land which a 
lord kept in his hands for the maintenance of his bordy 
board, or table. 

BoRD'-LODE, or BoARD'-LoAD, 77. The service required 
of a tenant to carry timber from the woods to the lord’s 
house. 

BoBD'-MAN, 77. A tenant of bord-land, who supplied his 
lord with provisions. 

f BORD'-RA-GING, n. An incursion upon the borders of a 
country. Spenser. 

BoRD'-SER-ViCE, n. The tenure by which bord-land was 
held. 

BORD'URE, 77. In heraldry y a tract or compass of metal, 
within the escutcheon, and around it. 

BORE, V. t. [Sax. borian.] 1. To perforate or penetrate a 
solid body, and make around hole. 2. To eat out or make 
a hollow by gnawing or corroding, as a worm. 3. To pen- 
etrate or break through by turning or labor. 

BORE, V. i. 1. To be pierced or penetrated by an instru- 
ment that turns. 2. To pierce or enter by boring. 3. To 
push forward toward a certain point. — 4. With liorsemeUy 
a horse bores, when he carries his nose to the ground. — 5. 
In a transitive or intransitive sense, to pierce the earth 
with scooping irons, which, when drawn out, bring with 
them samples of the different stratums, through which 
they pass. This is a method of discovering veins of ore 
and coal without opening a mine. 

BORE, 77. 1 . The hole made by boring ; the cavity or hollow 
of a gun, or other fire-arm *, the caliber. 2. Any instrument 
for making holes by boring or turning, as an auger, gimblet 
or wimble. 3. Any thing tedious is called a bore. 

BORE, 77. A tide swelling above another tide. 

BORE, pret. of bear. See Bear. 

BoRE'-€OLE, 77. A species of cabbage. 

Bo'RE-AL, a. [L. borealis.] Northern ; pertaining to the 
north or the north wind. Pope. 

Bd'RE-AS, 77. [L.] The northern wind j a cold, northerly 
wind. 

BORED, pp. Perforated by an auger or other turning instru- 
ment ; made hollow. 

BO-REE', 77. [Fr.] A certain dance. 

BOR'ER, 77. 1. One who bores ; also, an instrument to make 
holes with by turning. 2. Terebella, the piercer, a genus 
of sea worms, that pierce wood. 

BORN, pp. of bear. Brought forth, as an animal. — To be 
born, is to be produced, or brought into life. 

BoRNE, pp. of bear. Carried ; conveyed , supported ; de- 
frayed. 

B5RNE, 77. The more correct orthography of bourn, a limit 
or boundary. See Bourn. 


Bo'RON, 77. The combustible base of boracic acid. 

BoR'OUGH, (bur'ro) 77. [Goth, bairgs ; Sax. burg, burh 
Fr. bourg.] Originally, a fortified city or town. At pres- 
ent, the name is given, appropriately, to such towns and 
villages as send representatives or burgesses to parlia- 
ment. 

BoR'OUGH, (bur'ro) n. [Sax. borhoe.] In Saxon times, a 
main pledge, or association of men, who were sureties or 
free pledges to the king for the good behavior of each 
other. — In Connecticut, this word, borough, is used for a 
town, or a part of a town, or a village, incorporated witli 
certain privileges. — In Scotland, a borough is a body cor- 
porate, consisting of the inhabitants of a certain district. 

Borough English is a customary descent of lands and tene- 
ments to the youngest son, instead of the eldest. 

Borough-head, the same as head-borough, the chief of a bor- 
ough. 

B6R'OUGH-HoLD-ER, 71. A head-borough ; a borsholder. 

BOR'OUGH-MAS-TERj n. The mayor, governor or bailiff* 
of a borough. Ash. 

BOR-RACII'IO, 77. The caoutchouc, India rubber, or elastic 
gum. See Caoutchouc. 

t BOR'REL, a. Rustic, rude. Spenser. 

BOR'REL-ISTS, n. In church history, a sect of Christians in 
Holland, so called from Barrel. 

BOR'RoVV, V. t. [Sax. borgian.] 1. To take from another 
by request and consent, with a view to use the thing 
taken for a time, and return it. 2. To take from another, 
for one’s own use *, to copy or select from the writings of 
anotlier author. 3. To take or adopt for one’s own use, 
sentiments, principles, doctrines and the like. 4. To take 
for use something that belongs to another 5 to assume, 
copy or imitate. 

fBOR'RoW, 77. A borrowing -, the act of borrowing. 

BOR'RoWED, pp. Taken by consent of another, to be re- 
turned, or its equivalent, in kind ; copied ; assumed. 

BOR'RoW-ER, 77. 1. One who borrows. 2. One who takes 
what belongs to another to use as one’s own. 

BOR'RoW-ING, ppr. Taking by consent to use and return, 
or to return its equivalent j taking what belongs to an- 
other to use as one’s own *, copying 5 2issuming 5 imitat- 
ing. 

BOR'RoW-ING, 77. The act of borrowing. 

BORS'HoLD-ER, n. [a contraction of burJCs ealdor.] The 
head or chief of a tithing or burg of ten men 5 the head- 
forough. 

BOS, 77. [L-] In zoology, the technical name of a genus of 
quadrupeds. 

BOSC'AGE, 77. [Fr. boscage, now bocage.] 1. Wood ; Un- 
der-wood ; a thicket. — 2. In old laws, food or sustenance 
for cattle, which is yielded by bushes and trees. 3. With 
painters, a landscape, representing thickets of wood. 

BOSCHAS, 77. The common wild duck. 

BOSH, 77. Outline *, figure. Todd. 

BOSK'ET, BOS'aUEt, or BUSK'ET, n. [It. boschetto.] In 
gardening , a grove ; a compartment formed by branches 
of trees. 

BOSK'Y, a. Woody ; covered with thickets. 

*Bo'SOM, 77. [Sax. bosm, bosum.] 1. The breast of a hu- 
man being, and the parts adjacent. 2. The folds or cover- 
ing of clothes about the breast. 3. Embrace, as with the 
arms ; inclosure ; compass. 4. The breast, as inclosing 
the heart *, or the interior of the breast, considered as the 
seat of the passions. 5. The breast, or its interior, con- 
sidered as a close place, the receptacle of secrets. 6. Any 
inclosed place ; the interior. 7. The tender affections ; 
kindness ; favor. 8. The arms, or embrace of the arms. 
9. Inclination ; desire. [Mot used.] — Bosom, in composi- 
tion, implies intimacy, affection and confidence ; as, a 
bosom-friend. 

BO'SOM, V. t. 1. To inclose in the bosom ; to keep with 
care. 2. To conceal ; to hide from view. 

BC'SOMED, pp. Inclosed in the breast ; concealed. 

Bo'SON, 77. A boatswain •, a popular, but corrupt pronuncia- 
tion. 

BOS-P6'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to a bosporus, a strait or nar- 
row sea between two seas, or a sea and a lake. 

EOS'FO-RUS, 77. [Gr. (^ovs and uopog.] A narrow sea or a 
strait, between two seas, or between a sea and a lake, so 
called, it is supposed, as being an ox-passage, a strait over 
which an ox may swim. The term has been particularly 
applied to the strait between the Propontis and the Eux- 
ine. 

BOSS, 77. [Fr. bosse.] 1. A stud or knob 5 a protuberant 
ornament, of silver, ivory, or other material, used on 
bridles, harness, &c. 2. A protuberant part ; a promi- 
nence. 3. A round or swelling body of any kind. 4. A 
water-conduit, in form of a tun-bellied figure. 

BOSS' AGE, 77. [Fr.] 1. A stone in a building which has a 

projecture. 2. Rustic work, consisting of stones which 
advance beyond the naked or level of the building. 

BOSSED, pp. Studded ; ornamented with bosses. 

BOSS'lVE, a. Crooked ; deformed. Osbourne. 

BOSS'Y. a. Containing a boss ; ornamented with bosses. 


* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, D6 VE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z •, CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolet$. 


BOU 


BOT 100 


BOS'TRY-€HTTE, n. [Gr. ^oarpv^og.] A gem in tlie form 
of a lock of hair. jish. 

BOS'VEL, n. A plant, a species of crowfoot. 

IJOT. See Bots. 

t BO-TAN' I€, n. One who is skilled in botany. 

BO-TAN'I€, I a. Pertaining to botany ; relating to 

BO-TAN'I-CAL, j plants in general ; also, containing 
plants. 

BO-TAN'I-€ATi-LY, adv. According to the system of bot- 
any. 

BOT'A-NIST, n. One skilled in botany ; one versed in the 
knowledge of plants or vegetables. 

BOT'A-NlZE, V. i. To seek for plants ; to investigate the 
vegetable kingdom ; to study plants. JViebukr, Trans. 

BOT-A-NOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. 0oravr] and Aoyoj.] A dis- 
course upon plants. 

BOT-A-NOM'AN-CY, n. [Gr. ^oravr} and navreia.'] An an- 
cient species of divination by means of plants. 

BOT'A-NY, n. [Gr. ^oravn.'\ That branch of natural histo- 
ry which treats of vegetables. 

BO-TAil'GO, n. [Sp.] A relishing sort of food, made of the 
roes of the mullet. 

BOTCH, n. [It. bozia.'] 1. A swelling on the skin ; a large 
ulcerous affection. 2. A patch, or the part of a garment 
patched or mended in a clumsy manner ; ill-finished work 
in mending. 3. That which resembles a botch ; a part 
added clumsily •, adventitious or ill-applied words. 

BOTCH, V. t. 1. To mend or patch in a clumsy manner, as 
a garment. Hiidibras. 2. To put together unsuitably, or 
unskilfully ; to make use of unsuitable pieces. 3. To 
mark with botches. 

BOTCHED, pp. Patched clumsily ; mended unskilfully *, 
marked with botches. 

BOTCH'ER, n. A clumsy workman at mending ya mender 
of old clothes, whether a tailor or cobbler. 

t BOTCH'ER-LY, a. Clumsy *, patched. 

t BOTCH'ER-Y, n. A clumsy addition ; patch-work. 

BOTCH'Y, a. Marked with botches ; full of botches. 

BOTE, n. [The old orthography of boot, but retained in law, 
in composition. See Boot.] 1. In law, compensation ; 
amends ; satisfaction ; as, man-bote, a compensation for a 
man slain. 2. A privilege or allowance of necessaries, 
used in composition as equivalent to the French estovers, 
supplies, necessaries ; as, hoxise-bote, a sufficiency of wood 
to repair a house, or for fuel. 

BoTE'LESS, a. In vain. See Bootless. 

BO-TET'TO, n. A small, thick fish of Mexico. 

Both, a. [Sax. butxi, butwu, or batwa.] Two, considered 
as distinct from others, or by themselves ; the one and the 
other. This word is often placed before the nouns with 
which it is connected ; as. He understands how to man- 
age both public and private concerns. Oath. Quintilian, 
p. 4. It is often used as a substitute for nouns ; as, And 
Abraham took sheep and oxen, and gave them to Abime- 
lech ; and both of them made a covenant. Gen. xxi. 
Both often represents two members of a sentence •, as. He 
will not bear the loss of his rank, because he can bear the 
loss of his estate ; but he will bear both, because he is pre- 
pared for both. Bolinffbroke on Exile. Both often pertains 
to adjectives or attributes, and in this case generally pre- 
cedes them in construction ; as, He endeavored to render 
commerce both disadvantageous and infamous. Mickle^s 
Lusiad. 

BOTH'ER. The vulgar pronunciation of pother. See 
PoTH B K. * 

BOTH'NIG, or BOTH’NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Bothnia, a 
province of Sweden, and to a gulf of the Baltic sea. 

BO-To'TOE, n. A bird of the parrot kind. 

Bo'TRY-OID, )a. [Gr. Porpog and ct5o?.] Having tlie 

BO-TRY-OI'DAL, j form of a bunch of grapes 5 like 
grapes. 

BO'TRY-O-LTTE, n. [Gr. ^orpvg and \i6og.] Literally, 
grape-stone ; a mineral. 

BOTS, V. Generally used in the plural. A species of small 
worms found in the intestines of horses. 

BOT'TLE, V. [Fr. bnuteille.] 1. A hollow vessel of glass, 
wood, leather or other material, with a narrow mouth, 
for holding and carrying liquors. 2. The contents of a 
bottle ; as much as a bottle contains. 3. A quantity of 
hay in a bundle *, a bundle of hay. 

BOT'TLE, V. t. To put into bottles. 

BOT'TI.E-ALE, n. Bottled ale. Shak. 

BOT'TLE-€OM-PANION, or BOT'TLE-FRIEND, n. A 
friend or companion in drinking. 

BOT'TLED, pp. ]. Put into bottles ; inclosed in bottles. 2. 
Having a protuberant belly. Shak. 

BOT'TLE-FLOW-FR, xi. A plant, the cyanus. 

BOT'TLE-NOSED, a. Having an extraordinary large nose. 
Her spy. 

BOTTLE-SGREW, n. A screw to draw corks out of bot- 
tles. 

Bf)T'TLING, ppr. Putting into bottles. 

BOT'TLING, 11 . The act of putting into bottles and corking. 


BOT'TOM, n. [Sax. botm.] 1. The lowest part of any 
thing. 2. The ground under any body of water. 3. The 
foundation or ground-work of any thing, as of an edifice j 
the base. 4. A low ground : a dale *, a valley *, applied, 
in the U. States, to the fat lands adjoining rivers, ^c. It 
is so used in some parts of England. Mitford. 5. The 
deepest part ; that which is most remote from the view. 
6. Bound ; limit. 7. The utmost extent or depth of cavi- 
ty, or of intellect, whether deep or shallow. 8. The foun- 
dation, considered as the cause, spring or origin j the first 
moving cause. 9. A ship or vessel. 10. A ball of thread. 
[W. botwm.] 11. The bottom of a lane or alley is the 
lowest end. 12. The bottom of beer, or other liquor, is the 
grounds or dregs. — 13. In the language of jockeys, stami- 
na, native strength. 

BOT'TOM, V. t. 1. To found or build upon ; to fix upon as 
n support. 2. To furnish with a seat or bottom. 3. To 
wind round something, as in making a ball of thread. 

BOT'TOM, V. i. To rest upon, as its ultimate support. 

BOT'TOM-LANDS. See Bottom, JV'o. 4. 

BOT'TOMED, pp. Furnished with a bottom ; having a 
bottom. Often used in composition ; as, a flat-bottomed 
boat. 

BOT'TOM-ING, ppr. Founding \ building upon ; furnishing 
with a bottom. 

BOT'TOM-LESS, a. Without a bottom ; fathomless. 

BOT'TOM-RY, n. The act of borrowing money, and pledg- 
ing the keel, or bottom of the ship, that is, the ship itself, 
as security. 

BOT'TO-NY', n. In heraldry, a cross bottony terminates at 
each end in three buds, knots or buttons. 

BOUCHE. See Bouoe. 

BoU-CHET', n. [Fr.] A sort of pear. 

BOUD, n. An insect that breeds in malt or other grain ; call 
ed also a weevil. Diet, 

B5UGE, (booj) V. i. [Fr. bouge.] To swell out. [Little 
xised.] 

t BOUGE, n. Provisions. Jonson. 

BOUGH, (boil) 71 [Sax. bog, boh, or bogh.] The branch of a 
tree. 

BOUGHT, (bawt) pret. and pp. of buy. See Buy. 

BOUGHT, (bawt) n. [D. bogt. See Bight.] 1. A twist ; a 
link ; a knot *, a flexure, or bend. Milton. 2. The part 
of a sling that contains the stone. 

BOUGHT'Y, (baw'te) a. Bending. Sherwood. 

BoU-GIe', (boo-je') n. [Fr.] In surgery, a long, slender in- 
strument, tliat is introduced through the urethra into the 
bladder, to remove obstructions. 

BOUIL'LON, (bool'yon) n. [Fr.] Broth ; soup. 

BOUKE, or BOWKE, v. i. To nauseate so as to be ready to 
vomit and to belch. Sometimes pronounced Grose. 

Craven dialect. 

BoUL'DER-WALL, n. [rather bowlder-wall. See Bowl- 
der.] A waii built of round flints or pebbles laid in a 
strong mortar. 

BoU-LET', 7J. [Fr. boule."] In the manege, a horse is so 
called, when the fetlock or pastern joint bends forward, 
and out of its natural position. 

BOU'LI-MY. See Bulimy. 

BoULT, an incoxn-ect orthography. See Bolt. 

BoUL'TIN, XI. [Sp. bulto.] In architecture , a molding, the 
convexity of which is just one fourth of a circle. 

BOUNCE, V. i. [D. bomen.'] 1. To leap or spring ; to fly or 
rush out suddenly. 2. To spring or leap against anything, 
so as to rebound ; to beat or thump by a spring. 3. To 
beat hard, or thump, so as to make a sudden noise. 4. To 
boast or bully ; used in farniUdr speech. 5. To be bold or 
strong. 

BOUNCE, 7?. 1. A heavy blow, thrust or thump with a large, 
solid body. 2. A loud, heavy sound, as by an explosion. 
3. A boast ; a threat ; ixi low language. 4. A fish j a spe- 
cies of squalus, or shark. 

BOUN'CER, n. A boaster ; a bully. 

BOUN'CING, ppr. Leaping •, bounding with violence, as a 
heavy body ; springing out ; thumping with a loud noise *, 
boasting ; moving with force, as a heavy, bounding body. 

BOUN'CING, a. Stout ; strong ; large and heavy ; a cus- 
tomax'v sense in the United States ,• as, a bouncing lass. 

BOUN'CING-LY, adv. Boastingly. 

BOUND, XI. [Norm, bonxte, bouxie.] 1. A limit ; the line 
which comprehends the whole of any given object or 
space. 2. A limit by which any excursion is restrained ; 
the limit of indulgence or desire. 3. [Fr. bondir.] A leap ; 
aspring ; a jump ; a rebound. — 4. In daxicixig, a spring 
from one foot to the other. 

BOUND, V. t. 1. i’o limit ; to terminate ; to restrain or con- 
fine. 2. To make to bound. 

BO^JND, V. i. [Fr. bondir.] To leap ; to jump 5 to spring ; 
to move forward by leaps ; to rebound. 

BOUND, pret. and pp. of bixid. I. As a participle, made fast 
by a band, or by chains or fetters ; obliged by moral ties ; 
confined •, restrained. 2. As a participle, or, perhaps, more 
properly axi ad}., destined •, tending ; going, or intending 
to go. — Bound is used in composition, as in ice-bound. 


— — — 

* See Synopsis, a, E, I, 0, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT j — PREY j — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. ’ 


BOW 


101 


BOX 


mnd-bound, when a ship is confined or prevented from 
sailing by ice or by contrary winds. 

Y, n. A limit j a bound j a visible mark desig- 
nating a limit. 

BOL/NU-BaI'-LIFF, n. An officer appointed by a sheriff to 
execute process. Blackstone. 

BOUiVD'EO, ;>p. Limited ; confined ; restrained. 

BOLNU'EN, pp. of bind. See Bind, and pp. Bound. 

f BOUND'EN-LY, ado. In a dutiful manner. 

BOUND'ER, n. One that limits ; a boundary. 

BOUND'ING, ppr. Limiting j confining ; restraining j leap- 
ing ; springing ; rebounding *, advancing with leaps. 

BOUND'ING-STUNE, or BOU^D-STONE, 71. A stone to 
play with. Dryden. 

BOUND LESS, a. Unlimited j unconfined immeasurable j 
illimitable. 

BOUND'LESS-NESS, n. The quality of being without lim- 
its. 

BOUN'TE-OUS, a. Liberal in charity ; disposed to give 
freely ; generous ; munificent 5 beneficent j free in be- 
stowing gifts. 

BOUN'TE-OUS-LY, ado. Liberally *, generously j largely ; 
freely. 

BOUN'TE-OUS-NESS, n. Liberality in bestowing gifts or 
favors ; munificence 5 kindness. 

BOUN'TI-FIJL, a. Free to give ; liberal in bestowing gifts 
and favors ; munificent ; generous. 

BOUN'TI-FUL-LY, ado. Liberally ; largely •, in a bountiful 
manner. 

BOUN'TI-FUL-NESS, n. The quality of being bountiful ; 
liberality in the bestowment of gifts and favors. 

t BOUN'Tl-HEDE, or f BOUN'TI-HEAD, ?i. Goodness. 

BOUN'TY, n. [Fr. bonte.] 1. Liberality in bestowing gifts 
and favors ; generosity j munificence. 2. A premium of- 
fered or given, to induce men to enlist into the public ser- 
vice, or to encourage any branch of industry. 

BOU-Q,UET, (boo-ka') n. [Fr.] A nosegay j a bunch of 
flowers. 

fBOURD, 72. A jest. Spenser. 

t BOURD'ER, 71 . A jester. 

BOUR-GEOIS', (bur-jois') n. [Fr.] A small kind of printing 
types, in size between long primer and brevier. 

BOUR'GEON, (bur'jun) v. i. [Fr. bourgeon.'] To sprout j 
to put forth buds ;_to shoot forth as a branch. 

* BoURN, rather BoRNE, i{. [Fr. Z>or 7 ie.] 1. Abound; a 
limit. 2. A brook ; a torrent ; a rivulet ; [ 06 s.] 

BOUR'NON-ITE, n. Antimonial sulphuret of lead. 

BOURSE. See Burse. 

BOUSE, or BOOZE, (booz) v. i. [Arm. beuzi.] To drink 
freely ; to tope ; to guzzle. vulgar word.] Spenser. 

BOUS'Y, (boo'zy) a. Drunken; intoxicated. [V 2 ilgar.] 
Dryden. 

BOUT, 72. [Fr. bout.] A turn ; as much of an action as is 
performed at one time ; a single part of an action carried 
on at successive intervals ; essay ; attempt. 

BOUT, 72. [It. beuitaj or bevxita.] We use this word tauto- 
logically m the phrase, a drinking-feoitL 

BOU-TaDE', 71. [Fr.] Properly^ a start ; hence, a whim. 
[JVot English.] Swift. 

BoUTE'FEu, 72. [Fr.] An incendiary ; a make-bate. [JVb£ 
English.] Bacon. 

fBOU'TI-SALE, 71. A cheap sale ; or, according to others, 
a sale by a lighted match, during the burning of whicli a 
man may bid. 

BoWATE, n. [In law L. bovato.] An ox-gate, or as much 
land as an ox can plow in a year. 

Bo'VEY-€oAL, 71. Brown lignite, an inflammable fossil. 

Bo'VlNE, a. [liOW L. bovinns.] Pertaining to oxen and 
cows, or the quadrupeds of the genus bos. 

BOW, V. t. [Sax. bugan, bygan.] 1. To bend ; to inflect. 

2. To bend the body in token of respect or civility. 3. To 
bend or incline towards, in condescension. 4. To de- 
press ; to crush ; to subdue. 

BOW, V. i. 1. To bend ; to curve ; to be inflected ; to 
bend, in token of reverence, respect, or civility; often 
with down. 2. To stoop ; to fall upon the knees. 3. To 
sink under pressure. 

BOW, 72. An inclination of the head, or a bending of the 
body, in token of reverence, respect, civility, or submis- 
sion. 

BoW, n. 1. An instrument of war and hunting, made of 
wood, or other elastic matter, with a string fastened to 
each end, to throw arrows. 2. Any thing bent, or in form 
of a curve ; the rainbow ; the doubling of a string in a 
knot ; the part of a yoke which embraces the neck ; &c. 

3. A small machine, formed with a stick and hairs, which, 
being drawn over the strings of an instrument of music, 
causes it to sound. 4. A beam of wood or brass, with 
three long screws, tliat direct a lathe of wood or steel to 
any arch. 5. An instrument for taking the sun’s altitude 
at sea. 6 . An instrument in use among smiths for turning 
a drill ; with turners, for turning wood ; with hatters, for 
breaking fur and wool. 7. Bows of a saddle are the two 
pieces of wood laid archwise to receive the upper part gf a 


holme’s back, to give the saddle its due form, and to keep 
it tight. 8 . Bow of a ship is the rounding part of her side 
forward, beginning where the planks arch inwards, and 
terminatiiig where they close. 

BoW'-BEaR-ER, n. An under officer of the forest, whose 
duty is to inform of trespasses. 

BoW'-BENT, a. Crooked. Milton. 

BoW'-DYE, 72. A kind of scarlet color. 

BOW'-GRACE, 72. In sea language^ a frame or composition 
of junk, laid out at the sides, stem, or bows of ships, to 
secure them from injury by ice. 

BoW'-IIAND, 72 . The hand that draws a bow. 

BoW'-LEG, 72. A leg crooked as a bow. Bp. Taylor. 

BoW^-LEGGED, a. Having crooked legs. 

BoW'MAN, 71. A man who uses a bow ; an archer. 

BOW'MAN, 72. The man who rows the foremost oar in a 
boat. 


BoW'NET, 72. An engine for catching lobsters and craw- 
fish, called also how-wheel. 

BOW'-PIeCE, 72 . A piece of ordnance carried at the bow 
of a ship. 

BGW'-SllOT, 72 . The space whicli an arrow may pass when 
shot from a bow. 

BoW^-STRING, 72. The string of a bow. 

BoW-WIN-DOW. See Bay-window. 

t BOW'A-BLE, a. Of a flexible disposition. 

BOWED, 72 / 2 . Bent; crushed ; subdued. 

BoWED, pp. Bent ; like a bow. 

BOW'ELS, n.plu. [G. bauch Fr. boyau.] 1. The intes- 
tines of an animal ; the entrails, especially of man. The 
heart. 2. The interior part of any thing. 3. The seat of 
pity or kindness ; hence, tenderness, compassion ; a 
Scriptural sense. — Bowel^ in the singular, is sometimes 
used for gut. 

BOW'EL, V. t. To take out the bowels ; to eviscerate ; to 
penetrate the bowels. Ash. 

BOW'EL-LESS, a. Without tenderness or pity. 

BOW'ER, 72. An anchor carried at the bow of a ship. 

BOWSER, 72. [Sax. bur.] 1. A shelter or covered place in a 
garden, made with boughs of trees bent and twined to- 
gether. 2. A bed-chamber ; any room in a house except 
the hall. 3. A country seat ; a cottage. Shenstone. 4. A 
shady recess ; a plantation for shade. 

BOWSER, V. t. To embower ; to inclose. Shak. 

BOW'ER, V. i. To lodge. Spenser. 

BOWSERS, or BOWRS, n. Muscles that bend the joints. 
Spenser. 


BOW'ER-Y, a. Covering ; shading, as a bower ; also, con- 
taining bowers. Thomson. 

BOW'ET^’ j ^ hawk. Ash. 

B 0 W 6 E, 72 . 2 . To swell out. See Bouge. 

BOWgE, V. t. To perforate. Ainsworth. 

BOW'ING, ppr. Bending ; stooping ; making a bow. 

BOW'ING-LY, ado. In a bending manner. 

B6WL, (bole) n. [Sax. bolla.] 1. 
liquors, rather wide than deep, 
any thing ; as the bowl of a spoon. 
ta_in. 

* BoWL, 72. [D. bol ; Fr. boule.] A ball of wood, used for 
play on a level plat of ground. 

* BoWL, V. i. To play with bowls, or at bowling. 

* BoWL, V. t. To roil as a bowl ; also, to pelt with any 
thing rolled. Shak. 

BoWL'DER, 72. A small stone, of a roundish form, and of 
no determinate size, found on the sea shore, and on the 
banks or in the channels of rivers, &c., worn smooth or 
rounded by the action of water ; a pebble. 

STONE- <St;2; Pov.'LDER. 


A concave vessel to hold 
2. The hollow part of 
3. A basin : a foun- 


BoWL'DER 


EoWL'DER-WALL, n. A wall constructed of pebbles or 
bowlders. 


* BoWL'ER., 72. One who plays at bowls. 

BoW'LINE, 22 . [Sp. and Port. bo'i. a.] A rope fastened 

near the middle of the leech or perpendicular edge of the 
square sails. 

* BoWL'ING, ppr. Playing at bowls. 

BoWLRNG, 72. The act of throwing bowls. Burton. 
BoWL'ING-GREEN, 72. 1. A level piece of ground kept 
smooth for bowling. 2. In gardening a parterre in a 
grove, laid with fine tuif, with compartments of divers 
figures, with dwarf trees and other decorations. 
BoWL'ING-GROUND, 72. The same as bowling-green. 

BOWSE, V. i. In seameiPs language.^ to pull or haul. 
BoW'SPRIT, 72. A large boom or spar, which projects over 
the stem of a ship or other vessel, to carry sail forward, 
t BOWSS'EN, V. t. To drink ; to drench. 

BoW'YER, 72. An archer ; one who uses a bow ; one who 
makes bows. [Little 72sc2Z.] 

BOX, 72 . [Sax. box.] 1. A coffer or chest, either of wood 
or metal. 2. The quantity that a box contains. 3. A 
certain seat in a play-house, or in any public room. 4. 
The case which contains the mariner’s compass. 5. A 
money chest. 6 . A tree or shrub, constituting the genus 
buxus. 7. A blow on the liead with the hand, or on the 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D 6 VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


BRA 


102 


BRA 


ear with the open hand. 8. A cylindrical hollow iron 
used in wheels, in which the axle-tree runs. Also, a hol- 
low tube in a pump, closed with a valve. 

BOX, V. i. To light with the fist j to combat with the hand 
or fist. 

BOX, V. t. 1. To inclose in a box ; also, to furnish with 
boxes. 2. To strike with the hand or fist, especially the 
ear or side of the head. 3. To rehearse the several points 
of the compass in their proper order. 4. To make a hole 
or cut in a tree, to procure the sap. 5. [Sp. bozar.] To 
sail round. 

BOXED, pp. Inclosed in a box j struck on the head with 
the fist or hand j furnished with a box or hollow iron, as 
a wheel. 

BOX'EN, (boks'sn) a. Made of box-wood j resembling box. 

BOX'ER, n. One who fights with his fist. 

BOX'-H AUL, V. t. To veer a ship in a particular manner, 
when it is impracticable to tack. 

BOXRX'G, ppr. Inclosing in a box ; striking with the fist j 
furnishing with a box. 

BOXTXG, n. The act of fighting with the fist ; a combat 
with the fist. 

BOX'-THORN, n. A plant, the lycium. 

BOY, n. [Pers. bach ; W. baggeji.] A male child ; in gene- 
ral^ applied to males under ten or twelve years of age ; a 
lad. Sometimes it is used in contempt for a young man. 

BOY, V. t. To treat as a boy, or ratljer, to act as a boy. 

BOY'AR, n. A Russian nobleman. See Boiar. 

BOY'AU, (boy'o) n. [Fr.] In fortification., a ditch covered 
with a parapet. 

t BOY'-BLiXD, a. Blind as a boy ; undiscerning. 

BOY'ER, n. A Flemish sloop, with a castle at each end. 

BOY'HOOD, n. The state of a boy, or of immature age. 

BOY'ISH, a. Belonging to a boy ; childish ; trifling j re- 
sembling a boy in manners or opinions ; puerile. 

BOY'ISH-LY, adv. Childishly ; in a trifling manner. 

BOYRSH-NESS, n. Childishness 5 the manners or beha- 
vior of a boy. 

BOY'ISM, n. 1. Childishness j puerility. Dryden. 2. The 
state of a boy. 

BOYS-PLaY, n. Childish amusement ; any thing trifling. 

BO-Yu'NA, n. A large serpent of America. 

BP. An abbreviation of bishop. 

BRA-BANTTNE, a. Pertaining to Brabant. 

t BRAB'BLE, n. [D. brabbelen.] A broil 5 a clamorous con- 
test : a wrangle. Shak. 

t BRAB'BLE, v. i. To clamor ; to contest noisily. 

f BRAB'BIiER, n. A clamorous, quaiTelsome, noisy fellow j 
a wrangler. Shak. 

t BRAB'BLING, ppr. Clamoring ; wrangling. 

BRACE, n. [Fr. bras.'\ 1. \n architecture, a piece of timber, 
framed in with bevel joints, to keep the building from 
swerving either way. 2. That which holds any thing 
tight ; a cincture or bandage. 3. A pair ; a couple ; as, a 
brace of ducks. — 4. In music, a double curve at the begin- 
ning of a stave. 5. A thick strap, which supports a car- 
riage on wheels. 6. A crooked line in printing, connect- 
ing two or more words or lines j thus, | 7. In ma- 

rine language, a rope reeved through a block at the end 
of a yard. 8. Brace, or brasse, is a foreign measure an- 
swering to our fathom. 9. Harness ; warlike prepara- 
tion. 10. Tension ; tightness. 11. Braces, plu. Sus- 
penders, the straps that sustain pantaloons, &c. 12. Tlie 

braces of a drum are the cords on the sides of it, for 
tightening the heads and snares. 

BRACE, V. t. 1. To draw tight ; to tighten ; to bind, or tie 
close j to make tight and firm. 2. To make tense ; to 
strain up. 3. To furnish with braces. 4. To strengthen ; 
to increase tension. 5. In marine language, to bring the 
yards to either side. 

BRACED, j)p. Furnished with braces j drawn close and 
tight ; made tense. 

* BRaCE'LET, 71. [Fr. brasselet bmA bracelet.'] 1. An or- 
nament for the wrist. 2. A piece of defensive armor for 
the arm. 

BRa CER, 71. 1. That which braces, binds, or makes firm j 
a band or bandage ; also, annor for the arm. 2. An as- 
tringent medicine. 

BRACH, n. [Fr. braqxie.] A bitch of the hound kind. 

BRACH'IAL, a. [L. brachium.] Belonging to the arm. 
Hooper. 

BRACH' f ATE, a. In botany, having branches in pairs, de- 
cussated, all nearly horizontal, and each pair at right an- 
gles with the next. 

BRACH'MAN, or BRAM'IN, n. A philosopher or priest of 
India. 

BR A-CHYG'RA-PHER, n. A writer in short hand. Oayton. 

BRA-CHYG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. Ppa^vg and ypa<prj.] The 
art or practice of writing in short hand j stenography. 

BRA-CHYL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. and In rhet07'ic, 

the expressing of any thing in the most concise manner. 

BRACK, 71. [G. bruch.] An opening caused by the parting 
of any solid body ; a breach ; a broken part. 


BRACK'EN, 71 . Fern. See Brake. 

BRACK'ET, 71 . [Fr. braquer.] 1. Among workers in tim- 
ber, an angular wooden stay, in form of the knee bent, to 
support shelves, scatfolds, and the like. 2. The cheek of 
a mortar carriage, made of strong plank. — 3. In printing, 
hooks ; thus, [ J. 

BRACK'ISH, a. [D. brak.] Salt, or salt in a moderate de- 
gree ; it is applied to any water partially saturated with 
salt. 

BRACK'ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being brackish j salt- 
ness in a small degree. Cheyne. 

t BRACK'Y, a. Brackish. 

BRAC'TE-A, or BRAC TE, n. [L.] In Jotaiiy, a floral leaf, 
one of the seven fulcrums or props of plants. 

BRAC'TE-ATE, Furnished with bractes. 

BRAC'TED, a. Furnished with bractes. Martyn. 

BRAC'TE-OLE, 71. A little bracte. Ve Candolle. 

BRAC'TE-O-LATE, a. Furnished with bracteoles. 

brad, in Sax., is brpad, and occurs in names 5 as in Brad- 
ford, broadford. 

BRAD, 71 . [Arm. broud.] A kind of nail, without a broad 
head, used in floors and other work. 

BRAD'Y-PUS, 71 . The sloth, which see. 

BRAG, V. i. [W. bragia^D.] To boast ; to display one’s ac- 
tions, merits, or advantages ostentatiously ; to tell boast- 
ful stories. low word.] 

BRAG, 71. A boast, or boasting ; ostentatious verbal display 
of one’s deeds, or advantages j the thing boasted. 

BRAG, 71 . A game at cards. Chesterfield. 

BRAG-GA-Do'CIO, n. A puffing, boasting fellow. 

t BRAG'GARD-ISE, n. Gloriation ; a bragging. 

BRAG'GARD-ISM, n. Boastfulness ; vain ostentation. 

BRAG'GART, n. A boaster j a vain fellow. Shak. 

BRAG'GART, a. Boastful ; vainly ostentatious. 

BRAG'GER, n. One who brags ; a boaster. 

BRAG'GET, 71. [W. bragawd.] A liquor made by ferment- 
ing the wort of ale and mead. 

BRAG'GING, ppr. Boasting. 

BRAG'GING-LY, adv. Boastingly. 

BRAG'LESS, a. Without bragging or ostentation. Shak. 
[^Unusual.] 

t BRAG'LY, adv. Finely ; so as it may be bragged of. 

BRAH-MAN'IC, a. Pertaining to the Brachmans. 

BRAID, V. t. [Sax. bredan.] 1. To weave or infold three 
or more strands to foim one. 2. To reproach. [OZ>s.] See 
Upbraid. 

BRAID, 71 . 1. A string, cord, or other texture, formed by 
weaving together different strands. 2. A start. Sackville 

BRAID, a. Deceitful. Shak. 

BRAIL, 71 . [Fr. brayer.] 1. A piece of leather to bind up 
a hawk’s wing. — 2. In navigation, brails are ropes passing 
through pulleys. 

BRAIL, V. t. To brail up, is to haul up into the brails, or to 
truss up with the brails. 

BRAIN, 71 . [Sax. brwgan, bregen, bragen.] 1. That soft, 
whitish mass, or viscus, inclosed in the cranium or skull, 
in which the nerves and spinal marrow terminate, and 
which is supposed to be the seat of the intelligent princi- 
ple in man. 2. The understanding. Hale. 3. The affec- 
tions ; fancy; imagination. [Unusual.] Shak. 

BRAIN, V. t. 1. To dash out the brains. Pope. 2. To con- 
ceive ; to understand. [^Yot used.] Shak. 

BRaIN'ISH, a. Hot-headed ; furious. Shak. 

BRaIN'LESS, <1. Without understanding; silly; thought- 
less ; witless. Shak. 

BRaIN'PAN, 71 . The skull which incloses the brain. 

BRaIN'SIGK, a. Disordered in the understanding ; giddy ; 
thoughtless. Shak. 

BRAIN 'SIGK-LY, adv. Weakly ; with a disordered under- 
standing. Shak. 

BRA IN'S IGK-NESS, n. Disorder of the understanding ; gid- 
diness ; indiscretion. 

BRAIT, n. Among jewelers, a rough diamond. 

t BRAKE, of break. See Break. 

BRAKE, 71 . [W. brwg.] 1. Brake is a name given to fern, 
or rather to the female fern, a species of cryptogamian 
plants. 2. A place overgrown with brake. 3. A thicket ; 
a place overgrown with shrubs and brambles. 4. In the 
U. States, a thicket of canes ; as, a cane-brake. Ellicott. 

BRAKE, n. 1. An instrument to break flax or hemp. 2. 
The handle or lever by which a pump is worked. 3. A 
baker’s kneading trough. 4. A sharp bit, or snaffle. 5. 
A machine for confining refractory horses, while the 
smith is shoeing them. 6. That part of the carriage of a 
movable battery or engine which enables it to turn. 7. A 
large, heavy harrow for breaking clods after plowing ; 
called also a drag. 

BRA'KY, a. Full of brakes ; rough ; thorny. 

BRAM'A, 71 . The bream, a fish. See Bream. 

BRAM'A, BRUM'A, or BRAH'MA, ti. The chief deity of 
the Indian nations, considered as the creator of all things. 

BRAM'BLE, n. [Sax. brembel.] The raspberry-bush, or 
blackberry-bush ; a general name of the genus rubus, of 
which there are several species. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


BRA 


103 BRA 


BRAM/BLE-BUSH, n. The bramble, or a collection of 
brambles growing together. 

BRAM'BLED, a. Overgrown with brambles. 

BRAM'BLE-NET, n. A hallier, or a net to catch birds. 

BRAM'BLING, or BRAM'BLE, n. A bird, a species of frin- 
gilla^ the mountain finch. 

BRAM'BLY, a. Full of brambles. 

BRAM'IiNi, or BRAH'MIN, w. [See Brachman.] A priest 
among the Hindoos and other nations of India. 

BRAM'IN-ESS, or BRAM-IN-EE', n. The wife of a Bram- 
in. 

BRA-MINH-€AL, a. Pertaining to the Bramins, or their 
doctrines and worship. 

BllAM'lN-ISM, n. The religion of the Bramins. 

BRAN, n. [ W. bran.'\ The outer coat of wheat, rye, or oth- 
er farinaceous grain, separated from the tlour by grinding. 

BRAN'-NEW, properly BRAND'-NEW, a. Q,uite new, 
[fire new ;] bright or shining. 

t BRANG'ARD, n. [Fr.] A horse litter. 

BRANCH, 71. [Fr. brancke.'\ 1. The shoot of a tree or other 
plant ; a limb ; a bough shooting from the stem, or from 
another branch or bough. 2. Any arm or extended part 
shooting or extended from the main body of a thing. 3. 
Any member or part of a body or system ; a distinct ar- 
ticle •, a section or subdivision. 4. Any individual of a 
family descending in a collateral line •, any descendant 
from a common parent or stock. 5. Branches of a bridle, 
two pieces of bent iron which bear the bit, the cross 
chains, and the curb. 6 . A warrant or commission given 
to a pilot. Laws of Mass. 7. A chandelier, .^sk. 

BRANCH, V. i. 1. To shoot or spread in branches ; to ram- 
ify, as a plant, or as horns. 2 . To divide into separate 
parts or subdivisions, as a mountain, a stream, or a moral 
subject ; to ramify. 3. To speak diffusively ; to make 
many distinctions or divisions in a discourse. 4. To have 
horns shooting out. 

BRANCH, V. t. 1. To divide as into branches ; to make 
subordinate divisions. 2. To adorn with needle-work, 
representing branches, flowers, or twigs. 

BRANCHED, pp. Divided or spread into branches ; separa- 
ted into subordinate parts \ adorned with branches j fur- 
nished with branches. 

BRANCH'ER, w. 1. One that shoots forth branches. 2. A 
young hawk, when it begins to leave the nest and take to 
the branches. 

BRANCH'ER-Y, n. The ramifications or ramified vessels 
dispersed through the pulpy part of fruit. 

BRANCHfl-NESS, n. Fullness of branches. 

BRANCHING, ppr. Shooting in branches ; dividing into 
several subordinate parts. 

BRANCH'ING, a. Furnished with branches j shooting out 
branches. 

BRAN€H-I-OS'TE-GOUS, a. [Gr. Ppayxia and ertyog.] 
Having gill-covers, or covered gills. 

BRANCH-LEAF, n. A leaf growing on a branch. 

BRANCH'LESS, a. Destitute of branches or shoots j with- 
out any valuable product •, barren ; naked. 

BRANCH'LET, n. A little branch ; a twig. 

BRANCH'-PE-DUN'CLE, n. A peduncle springing from a 
branch. 

BRANCH'-PI-LOT, n. A pilot who has a branch, or public 
commission. Lares of Mass. 

BRANCH'Y, a. Full of branches ; having wide-spreading 
branches. Pope. 

BRAND, n. [Sax. brand.'\ 1. A burning piece of wood ; or 
a stick or piece of wood partly burnt. 2. A sword ; now 
obsolete, unless in poetry. Milton. 3. A thunder-bolt. 
Oranville. 4. A mark made by burning with a hot iron, 
as upon a criminal, or upon a cask j a stigma 5 any note 
of infamy. Dryden. 

BRAND, V. t. 1. To burn or impress a mark with a hot 
iron •, as, to brand a criminal, by way of punishment ; or, 
to brand a cask, or any thing else, fertile purpose of fixing 
a mark upon it. 2. To fix a mark or character of infamy, 
in allusion to the branding of criminals -, to stigmatize as 
infamous. 

BRAND'ED, pp. Marked with a hot iron ; stigmatized. 

BRAND'-GOOSE, n. A species of anas. 

BRANDING, ppr. Impressing a mark with a hot iron ; fix- 
ing a stigma or mark of reproach. 

BRAND'-I-RON, or BRANDflNG-I-RON, n. An iron to 
brand with. 

BRAND'ISH, V. t. [Fr. hrandir.'] 1. To move or w’ave, as 
a weapon ; to raise and move in various directions ; to 
shake or flourish. 2. To play witli ; to flourish. 

f BRANDflSH, n. A flourish. B. Jonson. 

BRANDISHED, 2 >p. Raised and waved in the air with a 
flourish. 

BRANDHSH-ER, n. One who brandishes. 

BRAND'ISH-ING, /ipr. Raising and waving in the air; 
flourishing. 

j- BRAN'DLE, V. i. [Fr. brandlller.] To shake. Cotgrave. 

BRAND'LING, n. A kind of worm. Walton. 

BRAND'-NEW, a. Q-iiite new ; bright as a brand of fire. 


BRAN'DY, n. [D. branden.'] An ardent spirit, distilled 
from wine. 

BRAN'DY-WINE, 71. Brandy. Wiseman. 

BRAN'GLE, n. [Fr. branler.] A wrangle; a squabble ; a 
noisy contest or dispute. Swift. 

BRAN'GLE, v. i. To wrangle ; to dispute contentiously ; to 
squabble. Swift. 

BRAN'GLE-MENT, n. Wrangle ; brangle. 

BRAN'GLER, 71 . One who wishes to quarrel ; a wrangler. 
Kersey. 

BRAN'GLING, 71 . A quarrel. Whitlock. 

BRANK, 71. ]. Buckwheat, a species of j7cZ^o-07m77i. 2. In 
some pa7'ts of England and Scotland, a scolding-bridle, an 
instrument for conecting scolding women. 

BRANK'UR-SINE, 71 . [Z>?*a7iA-, and L.iir6-a*\] Bear’s-breech, 
or aca7ithus, a genus of plants. 

BRAN'LIN, 71. A species of fish of the salmon kind. 

BRAN'NY, a. Having the appearance of bran ; consisting 
of bran. Wiseman. 

t BRAN'SLE, 71. A brawl, or dance. Spenser. 

I3RANT, 71. A species of anas, or the goose kind ; called al- 
so brent and brand-goose, which see. 

BRANT, a. Steep. Todd. 

BRa'SEN, (bra'zn) a. Made of brass. 

BRASH, a. 1. Hasty; impetuous; rash. Orose. 2. In 
some par'ts of Mew Engla7id, used for brittle, as applied to 
timber. Pick. Voc. 

BRA'SIER, (brcL'zhur) n. 1. An artificer who works in brass. 
2. A pan for holding coals. 

BRA-SIL'. See Brazil. 

BRASS, 77. [Sax. brees.’] 1. An alloy of copper and zink, of 
a yellow color. 2. Impudence ; a brazen face. 

BRaSSE, 71. The pale-spotted perch. 

BRAS'S1-€A, 77 . [L.] Cabbage. Pope. 

BRAS^SI-NESS, 71 . A quality of brass ; the appearance of 

l31*3.SS 

BRASS'-PAVED, a. Hard as brass. Spenser. 

BRASS'-VIS-AGED, a. Impudent. 

BRASS' Y, a. 1. Pertaining to brass ; partaking of brass ; 
hard as brass ; having the color of brass. 2. Impudent ; 
impudently bold. 

t BRAST, a. Buist. Spenser. 

BRAT, 77 . 1. A child, so called in contempt. 2. Offspring , 
progeny. 

BRAOI^, 77 . Indian cloth with blue and white stripes. 

BRA-Va'DO, 71. [Sp. bravata.] A boast, or brag; an arro- 
gant menace, intended to intimidate. 

BRAVE, a. [Fr. brarre.] I. Courageous; bold; daring; 
intrepid ; fearless of danger. 2. Gallant ; lofty ; graceful ; 
having a noble mien. 3. Magnificent; grand. Denha7n. 
4. Excellent ; noble ; dignified ; but in 7iioder7i usage it 
has nearUj lost its application to things. 5. Gaudy ; 
showy in dress. [O 65 .] Spenser. 

BRAVE, 71. 1. A hector ; a man daring beyond discretion or 
decency. Dryden. 2. A boast ; a challenge ; a defiance. 
Shak. 

BRAVE, V. t. 1. To defy ; to challenge ; to encounter with 
courage and fortitude, or without being moved ; to set at 
defiance. 2. To carry a boasting appearance of. Bacon. 

BRAVED, pp. Defied ; set at defiance; met without dis- 
may, or being moved. 

BRaVE'LY, adv. Courageously; gallantly ; splendidly ; in 
a brave manner ; heroically. In Spenser, finely ; gaudily. 

BRaV'E-RY, 71. 1. Courage ; heroism ; undaunted spirit ; 
intrepidity ; gallantry ; fearlessness of danger. 2. Splen- 
dor ; magnificence ; showy appearance. Spe7iser. 3. 
Show ; ostentation ; fine dress. Bacon. 4. Bravado ; 
boast. Sidney. 5. A showy person. Spenser, [/it the last 
four serises, this word is 7iearly antiquated.^ 

BRaV'ING, ppr. Setting at defiance ; challenging. 

* BRA'VO, 77 . [It. and Sp.] A daring villain ; a bandit ; 
one who sets law at defiance ; an assassin or murderer. 

BRA-Vu'RA, 77. A word of modern application, to such 
songs as require great vocal ability in the singer. 

BRAW^L, V. i. [G. brulle7i.] 1. To quarrel noisily and in- 
decently. 2. To speak loud and indecently. 3. To roar 
as water ; to make a noise. 

BRAWL, V. t. To drive or beat away. 

BRAWL, 71. [Norm, braul.] 1. Noise ; quarrel ; scurrility ; 
uproar. 2. Formerly, a kind of dance. Shak. 

BRAWL'ER, 71. A noisy fellow ; a wrangler. 

BRAWL'ING, 71. The act of quarreling. 

BRAWL'ING-LY, adv. In a quarrelsome manner. 

BRAWN, 71. [L. aprugnus.'] 1. The flesh of a boar, or the 
animal. 2. The fleshy, protuberant, muscular part of the 
body. 3. Bulk ; muscular strength. 4. The arm, from 
its muscles or strength. 

t BRAWN, V. t. To render strong. Fuller. 

BRAVVNED, a. Brawny ; strong. Spenser. 

BRAWN'ER, 71. A boar killed for the table. 

BRAWN'I-NESS, n. The quality of being brawny ; 
strength ; hardiness. Locke. 

BRAWN'Y, a. Musculous ; fleshy ; bulky ; having large, 
strong muscles ; strong. Dryden. 


^ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BULL, UNITE. — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


BRE 


104 


BRE 


BRAY, V. t. [Sax. frraca?i.] 1. To pound, beat, or grind 
small. 2. 'I'^o make a harsh sound, as of an ass. 3. To 
make a harsh, disagreeable, grating sound. 

BRAY, 71. 1. The harsh sound or roar of an ass ; a harsh, 
grating sound. 2. Shelving ground. Fairfax. 

t BRAY, n. [W. ire.] A bank or mound of earth. 

BRaY'ER, 71. 1. One that brays like an ass. 2. An in- 
strument to temper ink in printing offices. 

BRaY'ING, ppr. Pounding or grinding small ; roaring. 

BRaY^ING, 71. Roar j noise j clamour. Smith. 

BRAZE, V. t. [Fr. brascr.] 1. To soder with brass. 2. To 
harden to impudence j to harden as with brass. 

BRa'ZEN, (bra'-zn) a. 1. Made of brass. 2. Pertaining to 
brass ; proceeding from brass. 3. Impudent ; having a 
front like brass . — Brazen age, or age of brass, in mytholo- 
gy, the age which succeeded the silver age. 

BRa^ZEN, V. i. To be impudent ; to bully. 

BRa'ZEN-BROWED, a. Shameless j impudent. Brown. 

BRa'ZEN-FACE, n. An impudent person ; one remark- 
able for effrontery. Shak. 

BRa'ZEN-FACED, a. Impudent j bold to excess j shame- 
less. Dryden. 

BRa'ZEN-LY, adv. In a bold, impudent manner. 

BRa'ZEN-NESS, 71. 1. Appearance like brass. 2. Impu- 
dence ; excess of assurance. 

BRa'ZIER. See Brasier. 

'^BRA-ZIL', or BRA-ZIL'-WOOD, n. [Port. hraza.'\ Bra- 
zil, or Brazil-wood, or hraziletio', is a very lieavy wood, of 
a red color, growing in Brazil, and otlier tropical coun- 
tries. 

BRAZ-IL-ET'TO, n. The same as Brazil-wood. 

BRA-ZIL'IAN, a. Pertaining to Brazil. Barlow. 

breach, 71. [Fr. hreehe.'] 1. The act of breaking ; or state 
of being broken j a rupture ; a break ; a gap *, the space 
between the several parts of a solid body, parted by vio- 
lence. 2. The violation of a law ; the violation or non- 
fulfillment of a contract *, the non-performance of a moral 
duty. 3. An opening in a coast. [JVot usual.'\ A. Sepa- 
ration between friends by means of enmity j difference *, 
quarrel. 5. Infraction j injury ; invasion j as, a breach 
upon kingly power. 6. Bereavement *, loss of a friend, 
and its consequent affliction. 7. A violation of the public 
peace, as by a riot, affray, or any tumult which is con- 
trary to law, and destructive to the public tranquillity, is 
called a breach of the peace. 

breach, V. t. To make a breach, or opening. Life of Wel- 
lington. 

BREAD, (bred) n. [Sax. breod.'] 1. A mass of dough, made 
by moistening and kneading the ffour or meal of some 
species of grain, and baking it in an oven or pan. 2. Food 
in general. 3. Support of life in general *, maintenance. 

t BREAD, V. t. [Sax. brcedan.l To spread. Ray. 

BREAD'-CHIP-PER, n. One who chips bread; a baker’s 
servant ; an under butler. 

BREAD'-CORN, n. Corn of which bread is made. 

BREAD'EN, (bred'dn) a. Made of bread. [Littleused.'] 

BREAD'LESS, a. Without bread ; destitute of food. 

BREAD'-ROOM, n. An apartment in a ship’s hold, where 
the bread is kept. 

BREAD'STUFF, 71. Bread-corn; meal; bread. [Used in 
the United States.] 

BREAD'-TREE, n. The bread-fruit-tree, or artocarpus, a 
tree which grows in the isles of the Pacific ocean. 

BREADTH, (bredth) n. [Sax. breed and In'ed.] The measure 
or extent of any plain surface from side to side. 

BREADTH'LESS, a. Having no breadth. More. 

* BREAK, V. t. pret. broke, [brake. 06^.] ; pp. broke, or bro- 
ken. [Sax. brcBcan, brecan^ 1. To part or divide by force 
and violence, as a solid substance ; to rend apart. 2. To 
burst or open by force. 3. To divide by piercing or pene- 
trating ; to burst forth. 4. To make breaches or gaps by 
battering, as in a wall. 5. To destroy, crush, weaken, or 
impair, as the human body or constitution. 6. To sink ; to 
appall, or subdue ; as, to break the spirits. 7. To crush ; 
to shatter ; to dissipate the strength of, as of an army. 8. 
To weaken, or impair, as the faculties. 9. To tame ; to 
train to obedience ; to make tractable. 10. To make bank- 
rupt. 11. To discard, dismiss or cashier. Sioift. 12. To 
crack ; to part or divide, as the skin ; to open, as an apos- 
teme. 13. To violate, as a contract or promise. 14. To 
infringe or violate, as a law, or any moral obligation. 15. 
To stop ; to interrupt ; to cause to cease. 16. To inter- 
cept ; to check ; to lessen the force of. 17. To separate ; 
to part. 18. To dissolve any union, sometimes with off. 

19. To cause to abandon ; to reform, or cause to reform. 

20. To open, as a purpose ; to propound something new ; 
to make a first disclosure of opinions. 21. To frustrate ; 
to prevent. 22. To take away. 23. To stretch ; to strain ; 
to rack. 

To break the back, to strain or dislocate the vertebers with 
too heavy a burden ; also, to disable one’s fortune. — To 
break bulk, to begin to unload. Mar. Diet . — To break a 
deer, to cut it up at table. — To break fast, to eat the firet 
meal in the day, but used as a compound worl. — To break 


ground, to plow. — To break ground^ to dig ; to open 
trenches. — To break the heart, to afflict grievously. — To 
break a jest, to utter a jest unexpectedly. — T'o break the 
neck, to dislocate the joints of the neck. — To break off. 1. 
To put a sudden stop to ; to interrupt ; to discontinue. 2. 
To sever ; to divide. — To break up. 1. To dissolve or put 
an end to. 2. To open, or lay open. 3. To plow ground 
the first time, or after lying long unplowed. 4. To sepa- 
rate. 5. To disband. — To break upon the wheel, to stretch 
and break the bones by torture upon the wheel. — To break 
wind, to give vent to wind from the body backward. 

* BREAK, V. i. 1. To part ; to separate ; to divide in two. 
2. To burst. 3. To burst, by dashing against something. 
4. To open, as a tumor. 5. To open, as the morning ; to 
show the first light ; to dawn. 6. To burst forth ; to utter 
or exclaim. 7. To fail in trade or other occupation ; to 
become bankrupt. 8. To decline in health and strength ; 
to begin to lose the natural vigor. Sioift. 9. To issue out 
with vehemence. Pope. 10. To make way with violence 
or suddenness; to rush; often with a particle. 11. To 
come to an explanation. 12. To suffer an interruption of 
friendship ; to fall out. 13. To faint, flag or pant. 

To break away, to disengage itself from ; to rush from ; also, 
to dissolve itself or dissipate, as fog or clouds. — To break 
forth, to issue out. — To break from, to disengage from ; to 
depart abruptly, or with vehemence. — To break in, to en- 
ter by force ; to enter unexpectedly ; to intrude. — To 
break loose, to get free by force ; to escape from confine- 
ment by violence ; to shake off restraint. — To break off, 
to part ; to divide ; also, to desist suddenly. — To break off 
from, to part from with violence. — To break out. 1. To issue 
forth ; to discover itself by its effects, to arise or spring 
up. 2. To appear in eruptions, as pustules. 3. To throw 
off restraint, and become dissolute. — To break up, to dis- 
solve itself and separate ; as, a company brealcs up. — To 
break with, to part in enmity ; to cease to be friends. 

BREAK, n. 1. A state of being open, or the act of separat- 
ing ; an opening made by force ; an open place. 2. A 
pause ; an interruption. 3. A line in writing or printing, 
noting a suspension of the sense, or a stop in the sentence. 
— 4. In a ship, the break of the deck is the part where it 
terminates, and the descent on to the next deck below 
commences. 5. The first appearance of light in the morn- 
ing ; the dawn ; as, the break of day. — 6. In architecture, 
a recess. 

BREAK'A-BLE, a. Capable of being broken. 

BREaK'AGE, 71. A breaking ; also, an allowance for things 
broken, in transportation. 

’^'BREaK'ER, 71. 1. The person who breaks any thing ; a 
violator or transgressor. 2. A rock which breaks the 
waves ; or the wave itself which is broken. 3. A pier, 
mound, or other solid matter, placed in a river, to break 
the floating ice. 4. One that breaks up ground. 5. A de- 
stroyer. Micah, ii. 

BREAK'FAST, (brekffast) n. 1. The first meal in the day ; 
or the thing eaten at the first meal. 2. A meal, or food in 
general. 

BREAK'FAST, (brek'fast) v. L To eat the first meal in the 
day. 

BREAK'FAST-ING, (brek'fast-ing) ppr. Eating or taking 
the first meal in the day. 

BREAK'FAST-ING, n. A party at breakfast. 

"''BREAKING, ppr. Parting by violence; rending asun- 
der ; becoming bankrupt. 

BREAK'NECK, n. A fall that breaks the neck ; a steep place 
endangering the neck. Shak. 

t BREAK'PROM-ISE, n. One who makes a practice of 
breaking his promise. 

I BREAK' VOW, 71. One who habitually breaks his vows 
Shak. 

BREAK'WA-TER, n. 1. The hull of an old vessel sunk at 
the entrance of a harbor, to break or diminish the force of 
the waves, to secure the vessels in harbor. 2. A small 
buoy fastened to a large one, when the rope of the latter 
is not long enough to reach the surface of the water. 3. A 
mole, at the mouth of a harbor, intended to break the force 
of[the waves. 

BReAM, n. [Fr. breme.] A fish, the cyprinus brama, an in- 
habitant of lakes and deep water. 

BReAM, V. t. In sea language, to burn off the filth, such as 
grass, sea-weed, ooze, &c., from a ship’s bottom. 

BREAST, (brest) n. [Sax. breast.] 1. The soft, protuberant 
body, adhering to the thorax, which, in females, furnishes 
milk for infants. 2. The fore part of the thorax, or the 
fore part of the human body between the neck and the 
belly. 3. The part of a beast which answers to the breast 
in man. 4. Figuratively, the heart ; the conscience ; the 
disposition of the mind ; the affections ; the seat of the 
affections and passions. 5. Formerly, the power of sing- 
ing. Tusser. 

BREAST, (brest) v. t. To meet in front ; to oppose breast 
to breast. Goldsmith. 

BREAST'BONE, n. The bone of the breast ; the sternum. 

BREAST'-€ASK-ET, n. One of the largest and longest of 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


BRE 


105 


the caskets or strings on the middle of the yard of a 
ship. 

BREAST'-DEEP, a. Breast-high ; as liigh as the breast. 

BREAST'ED, a. Having a broad breast ; having a fine 
voice. 

BREAST'FAST, «. A large rope to confine a ship sidewise 
to a wharf or key. 

BREAST'-HTGH, (brestfiii) a. High as the breast. 

BRE/VST'HOOK, n. A thick piece of timber placed directly 
across the stem of a ship, to strengthen the fore part, and 
unite the bows on each side. 

BREAST'ING, ppr. Meeting with the breast j opposing in 
front. 

BREAST'KNOT, (brest'not) n. A knot of ribands worn on 
the breast. 

BREASTTIN, 71. An ornamental pin, fixed in the linen 
near the breast 5 sometimes also called a broach. 

BREAST'PLATE, n. 1. Armor for the breast. 2. A strap 
that runs across a horse’s breast. — 3. In Jewish antiquity , 
a part of the vestment of the high priest. 

BREAST'PLOW, n. A plow, driven by the breast, used to 
cut or pare turf. 

BREAST'ROPE, n. In a ship, breastropes are used to fasten 
the yards to the parrels ; now called jjarrei ropes. 

BREAST'-WoRK, n. In fortification^ a work thrown up 
for defense ; a parapet, which see. 

BREATH, (breth) n. [Sax. brath.'] 1. The air inhaled and 
expelled in the respiration of animals. 2. Life. 3. The 
state or power of breathing freely *, opposed to a state of 
exhaustion from violent action. 4. Respite 5 pause ; time 
to breathe. 5. Breeze 5 air in gentle motion. 6 . A single 
respiration. 7. An instant ; the time of a single respira- 
tion : a single act. 8 . A word. 

BReATH'A-BLE, a. That may be breathed. 

BReATHE, V. i. 1. To respire ; to inspire and expire air. 
Hence, to live. 2. To take breath j to rest from action. 
3. To pass as air. 

BReATHE, v. t. 1. To inhale as air into the lungs, and ex- 
pel it. 2. To inject by breathing ; to infuse ; followed by 
into. 3. To expire ; to eject by breathing j followed by 
out. 4. To exercise ; to keep in breath. 5. To inspire or 
blow into 5 to cause to sound by breathing. 6 . To ex- 
hale ; to emit as breath. 7. To utter softly or in private. 

8 . [W. brathu, to pierce.] To give air or vent to j to open. 

9. _ To express ; to manifest. 

BREATHED, pp. Inhaled and exhaled ; respired ; uttered. 

BReATII'ER, n. One that breathes or lives ; one that ut- 
ters •, an inspirer 5 one who animates or infuses by inspira- 
tion. 

BREATH'FUL, (brethTul) a. Full of breath ; full of odor. 

BReATHTNG, ppr. 1. Respiring ; living 5 uttering. 2. a. 
Exhibiting to the life. 

BReATIFING, n. 1. Respiration ; the act of inhaling and 
exhaling air. 2. Aspiration ; secret prayer. 3. Breathing- 
place : vent. 4. Accent *, aspiration. 

BReATHTNG-PLACE, n. 1. A pause. 2. A vent. 

BReATHTNG-TIME, n. Pause ; relaxation. 

BREATH'LESS, (breth'les) a. 1. Being out of breath ; spent 
with labor or violent action. 2. Dead. 

BREATIPLESS-NESS, n. The state of being exhausted of 
breath. 

BREG'CIA, 71. [It.] In mineralogy , an aggregate composed 
of angular fragments of the same mineral, or of difierent 
minerals, united by a cement, and presenting a variety of 
colors. 

BRE€'CIA-TED, a. Consisting of angular fragments, ce- 
mented together. 

BRECIPITE, n. A fossil allied to the alcyons. 

BPvED, pp. of breed. Generated j produced ; contrived ; ed- 
ucated. 

t BREDE, n. A braid. .Addison. 

* BREECH, (brich) n. 1. The lower part of the body be- 
hind. 2. Breeches ; but rarely used in the singular. 3. 
The hinder part of any thing. 

^ BREECH, V. t. 1. To put into breeches. 2. To whip on the 
breech. 3. See Brxtch. 

BREECH'ES', (brich'ez) n. plu. [Sax. brwc, brwccce.l A 
garment worn by men, covering the hips and thighs. — To 
wear the breeches is, in the wife, to usurp the authority of 
the husband. 

BR,EECIPING, (briclPing) ppr. 1. Furnishing with breeches, 
or with a breech. 2. Whipping the breech j and, as a 
noun, a whipping. 

BREECH'Ii\G, in gunnery on board of ships. 

BREED, V. t. pret and pp. bred. [Sax. bredan, brccdan.] 1. 
To generate ; to engender ; to hatch ; to produce the 
young of any species of animals. Always applied to the 
mother or dam. 2. To jxroduce within or upon the body. 
3. To cause ; to occasion ; to produce ; to originate. *4. 
To contrive ; to hatch •, to produce by plotting. 5. To 
give birth to ; to be the native place of. 6 . To educate ; 
to instruct ; to form by education. 7. To bring up *, to 
nurse and foster ; to take care of in infancy, and 
through the age of youth ; to provide for, train and 


BRE 

conduct ; to instruct the mind and form the manners in 
youth. 

BREED, V. i. 1 . To produce, as a fetus *, to bear and nour- 
ish, as in pregnancy. 2. To be formed in the parent or 
dam ; to be generated, or to grow, as young before birth. 
3. To have birth j to be produced. 4. To be increased by 
a new production. 5. To raise a breed. 

BREED, n. LA race or progeny from the same parents or 
stock. 2. A cast j a kind ; a race of men or other ani- 
mals. 3. Progeny *, offspring j applied to other things than 
animals. 4. A number produced at once •, a hatch •, a brood. 

t BREED'-BATE, n. One that breeds or originates quarrels. 
Shale. 

BREED'ER, n. 1. The female that breeds or produces, 
whether human or other animal. 2. The person who ed- 
ucates or brings up ; that which brings up. 3. That which 
produces. 4. One who raises a breed •, one who takes 
care to raise a particular breed, or breeds, as of horses or 
cattle. 

BREED'ING, ppr. Bearing and nourishing, as a fetus 5 en- 
gendering ; producing 3 educating. 

BREED'ING, n. 1. The act of generating or of producing. 
2. The raising of a breed or breeds. 3. Nurture 3 educa- 
tion 3 instruction 3 formation of manners. 4. By way of 
eminence, manners 3 knowledge of ceremony 3 deport- 
ment or behavior in the external offices and decorums of 
social life. Hence, good breeding is politeness. 

BREEZE, n. [Sax. briosa.] A genus of flies or insects, tech- 
nically called tabanus. 

BREEZE, 77 . [It. breiza.] 1. A light wind 3 a gentle gale. 
2. A shifting wind, that blows from the sea or from the 
land, for a certain time, by night or by day. 

BREEZE, V. i. To blow gently 3 a word common among sea- 
men. Barlow. 

BREEZE'LESS, a. Motionless 3 destitute of breezes. 

BREE'ZY, a. 1. Fanned with gentle winds or breezes. 2. 
Subject to frequent breezes. Qray. 

BRe'HON, n. In Irish, a judge. 

BRE'IS-LA-KITE, n. A Vesuvian mineral. 

t BREME, a. [Sax. brermnan.'] Cruel 3 sharp. Chaucer. 

t BREN, 77. t. [Sax. brennan^ To burn. Spenser. 

BREN'NAGE, n. In the middle ages, a tribute or composi- 
tion which tenants paid to their lord, in lieu of bran, which 
thev were obliged to furnish for his hounds. 

t BRENT, or t BRANT, a. [W. bryn.] Steep 3 high. 

BRENT, 77 . 1. A brant, or brand-goose, a fowl. 2. part. 
Burnt 3 [0&5.I See Bren. 

BREST, or BREAST, n. In architecture, the member of a 
column, more usually called torus, or tore. 

BREST'-SUM-MER, 77 . In architecture, a piece in the out- 
ward part of a wooden building, into which the girders 
are framed. 

BRET, 77 . A local name of the turbot, called also hurt or 
brut. 

t BRET'FIIL, a. Brimful. Chaucer. 

BRETH'REN, n. ,• plu. of brother. It is used almost exclu- 
sively in solemn and Scriptural language, in the place of 
brothers. See Brother. 

BREVE, 77. [It. breve; L. brevis.'] 1 . In music, a note or 
character of time. — 2. In law, a writ directed to the chan- 
cellor, judges, sheriffs or other officers, whereby a person 
is summoned, or attached, to answer in the king’s court. 
This word, in the latter sense, is more generally written 
brief. 

BRE-VET*, 77. 1 . In the French customs, the grant of a fa- 
vor or donation from the king, or the warrant evidencing 
the grant 3 a warrant 3 a brief, or commission. More par- 
ticularly, a commission given to a subaltern officer, writ- 
ten on parchment, without ^eal. 2. A commission to an 
officer which entitles him to a rank in the army above his 
pay. 

BReV'IA-RY, 77 . [Fr. breviaire.] 1. An abridgment 3 a 
compend 3 an epitome. 2. A book containing the daily 
sm vice of the Romish church. 

BReV'IAT, 77 . A short compend 3 a summary. 

t BReV'IATE, v. t. To abridge. See Abbreviate. 

BReVTA-TURE, 77. An abbreviation. 

BRE-VIeR', 77. [Fr. breviaire.] A small kind of printing 
types, in size between bourgeois and minion. 

BREV'I-PED, a. [L. brevis and yes.] Having short legs, as 
a fowl. 

BREVT-PED, 77. A fowl having short legs. 

BREV'I-TY, 77. [L. brevitas.] 1 . Shortness 3 applied to time. 
2. Shortness 3 conciseness 3 contraction into few words 3 
applied to discourses. 

BREW, V. t. [Sax. briwan.] 1. In a general sense, to boil, 
and mix. 2. In a more restricted sense, to make beer, ale, 
or other similar liquor. 3. To mingle. 4. To contrive 3 
to plot. 5. To put in a state of preparation. 

BREW, V. i. 1. To be in a state of preparation 3 to be mix- 
ing, forming or collecting. 2. To perform the business of 
brewing or making beer. 

BREW, 77. The mixture formed by brewing 3 that wffiich is 
brewed. 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D 6 VE 3 — BULL, UNITE. — € as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 GH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


BRl 


106 


BRI 


BREW'ACrEj Wk Malt liquor ; drink brewed. 

BREWED, pp. Mixed, steeped, and fermented ; made by 
brewing. » 

BREWER, n. One whose occupation is to prepare malt li- 
quors ; one who brews. 

BREVV'ER-Y, n. A brew-house ; the house and apparatus 
where brewing is carried on. 

BREW -HOUSE, n. A brewery j a house appropriated to 
brewing. 

BKEW'ING, ppr. 1. Preparing malt liquor. 2. In a state of 
mixing, forming, or preparing. 3. Contriving j preparing. 

BREV\ 'IJVG, n. 1. The act or process of preparing liquors 
from malt and hops. 2. The quantity brewed at once. — 3. 
Among seamen^ a collection of black clouds portending a 
storm. 

BREW'IS, n. 1. Broth ; pottage ; [oZ>5.] 2. A piece of bread 
soaked in boiling fat pottage, made of salted meat. 

BRl^AR. See Brier. 

BRIBE, n. [Ir. breah.'] 1. A price, reward, gift or favor be- 
stowed or promised with a view to pervert the judgment, 
or corrupt the conductof a judge, witness, or other person. 
2. That which seduces. 

BRIBE, v.t. 1. To give or promise a reward or consideration, 
with a view to pervert the judgment, or corrupt the con- 
duct. 2. To gain by a bribe. 

BRiBE'-DE-VOUR'lNG, a. Greedy of bribes. 

BRiB'ER, n. One who bribes, or pays for corrupt practices. 

BRIB'ER-Y, n. The act or practice of giving or taking re- 
wards for corrupt practices. 

BRIBE'-WoR'THY, a. Worth bribing to obtain. 

BRICK, n. [Fr. brique.^ 1. A mass of earth, chiefly clay, 
first moistened and made fine by grinding or treading, 
then formed into a long square in a mold, dried and baked 
or burnt in a kiln •, used in buildings and walls. 2. A 
loaf shaped like a brick. 

BRICK, V. t. 1. To lay or pave with bricks. 2. To imitate or 
counterfeit a brick wall on plaster. 

BRICK'BAT, 71. A piece or fragment of a brick. 

BRICK'-BUILT, a. Built with bricks. Drydev. 

BRICK'CLAY, n. Clay used or suitable for making bricks. 

BRtCK'DUST, n. Dust of pounded bricks. 

BRICK'EARTH, n. Clay or earth used or suitable for bricks. 

BRICK'KILN, (brik'kil) n. A kiln, or furnace, in which 
bricks are baked or burnt. 

BR1CK'LaY-ER, n. One whose occupation is to build with 
bricks ; a mason. 

tBRIC'KLE,a. Brittle; easily broken. 

BRIC'KLE-NESS, n. Fragility. Barret. 

BRICK'MA-KER, n. {brick and make.'] One who makes 
bricks, or whose occupation is to make bricks. 

BRICK' Work, n. The laying of bricks, or a wall of bricks. 

BRICK'Y, a. Full of bricks, or formed of bricks. 

BRi'DAL, a. Belonging to a bride, or to a wedding ; nup- 
tial ; connubial. 

BRi'DAL, n. The nuptial festival. Dryden. 

t BRi-DAL'I-TY, 7i. Celebration of the* nuptial feast. 

J3RIDE, 71. [Sax. bryd.] 1. A woman new married. 2. A 
woman espoused, or contracted to be married. 

t BRIDE, V. t. To make a wife of ; to marry. 

BRiDE'BED, n. The marriage bed. Prior. 

BRiDE'CAKE, n. The cake which is made for the guests 
at a wedding ; called, in the United States, wedding cake. 

BRiDE'CHaM-BER, 71. The nuptial apartment. 

BRiDE'GROOM, n. [Originally and properly, hridegoom^ 
from the Sax. brydguma, a brideinan ; Dan. brudgom ; 
Sw. brudgumme.] A man newly married ; or a man about 
to be married. 

BRiDE'MAlD, n. A woman who attends on a bride at her 
wedding. 

BRlDE'MAN, n. A man who attends upon a bridegroom 
and bride at their marriage. Often pronounced bride’s 
man and bride’s maid. 

BRIDE'ST AKE, n. A stake or post set in the ground to dance 
round. B. Jonson. 

BRlDE'WELL, n. A house of correction, for the confine- 
ment of disorderly persons ; so called from the palace built 
near St. Bride’s or Bridget’s well, in London, which was 
turned into a workhouse. 

BRIDGE, (bridj) n. [Sax. 6?ac, hrieg, brigg.] 1. Any struc- 
ture of wood, stone, brick, or iron, raised over a river, 
pond, or lake, for the passage of men and other animals. 
2. The upper part of the nose. 3. The part of a stringed 
instrument of music, over which the strings are stretched. 
— 4. In gunnery, the two pieces of timber which go be- 
tween the two transums of a gun-carriage. 

BRIDGE, V. t. 1. To build a bridge or bridges over. 2. To 
erect bridges on ; to make a passage by abridge or bridges. 

BRIDGED, pp. Covered or furnished with a bridge. 

BRIDG'ING, 7 ;pr. Erecting a bridge ; building a bridge over. 

tBRlDG'Y, a. Full of bridges. Sherwood. 

BRI'DLE, 71. [Sax. bridl, or bridel.] 1. The instrument with 
which a horse is governed and restrained by a rider. 2. A 
restraint ; a curb ; a check. 3. A short piece of cable 
well served, attached to a swivel on a chain, laid in a 


harbor, and the upper end draw'ii into a ship and secured 
to the bitts. 

BlirDLE, V. t. 1. To put on a bridle. 2. To restrain, guide 
or govern ; to check, curb or control. 

BRI'DLE, V. i. To hold up the head, and draw in the chin. 

BRI'DLED, pp. Having a bridle on ; restrained. 

BRI'DLE-IIAND, n. The hand which holds the bridle in 
riding. Sidney. 

BRl'DLER, n. One that bridles ; one that restrains and 
governs. 

BRI'DLING, ppr. 1. Putting on a bridle ; restraining; curb- 
ing. 2. Holding up the head, and drawing in the chin. 

brief, a. [Fr. bref ; L. ftreuL.] Short ; concise ; it is used 
chiefly of language, discourses, ^c■^'itings and time. 

BRIeF, n. 1. An epitome ; a short or concise writing. In 
modern times, an apostolical brief is a letter which the 
pope dispatches to a prince, or other magistrate, relating to 
public affairs. — 2. In law, an abridgment of a client’s 
case, made out for the instruction of council on a trial at 
law. Also, a writ, summoning a man to answer to any 
action. 3. A letter patent, from proper authority, author- 
izing a public collection or charitable contribution of money 
for any public or private purpose. JVeio England. 4. A 
writing in general. 

BRIeF'LY, adv. Concisely ; in few words. 

BRIeF'NESS, 71. Shortness ; conciseness in discourse or 
vvriting. 

BRT'ER, n. [Sax. breer ; Ir. &?*iar.] 1. In a general sense, a 
prickly plant or shrub. — 2. In a limited sense, the sweet- 
brier and the wild-brier, species of the rose. 

BRI'ER-Y, a. Full of briers ; rough ; thorny. 

BRi'ER-Y, n. A place where briers grow. Huloet. 

BRIG, the termination of names, signifies a bridge, or per- 
haps, in some cases, a town, or burg. 

BRIG, n. [from brigantine.] A vessel with two masts, 
square rigged, or rigged nearly like a ship’s mainmast and 
foremast. 

BRI-GaDE', n. [Fr.] A party or division of troops, orsoldiers, 
whether cavalry or infantry, regular or militia, command- 
ed by a brigadier. 

BRI-GaDE', V. t. To form into a brigade, or into brigades. 

BRI-GaDE'-Ma-JOR, n. An officer appointed by the briga- 
dier, to assist him in the management and ordering of his 
brigade. 

BRIG-A-DIeR', 71. [Fr.] The general officer who commands 
a brigade, whether of horse or foot, and in rank next be- 
low a major-general. 

BRIG' AND, 77. [Fr.] A robber; a freebooter; a lawless 
fellow, who lives by plunder. 

BRIG'AND-AGE, n. Theft ; robbery ; plunder. 

BRIG'AN-DiNE, n. Anciently, a coat of mail. 

BRIG'AN-TTNE, n. [Fr. brigantin.] See Brig. 

BRIGHT, (brite) a. [Sax. beorht, briht hyrht, or bryht.] 
1. Shining ; lucid ; luminous ; splendiu 2. Clear • Dans- 
parent, as liquors. 3. Evident ; clear ; manifesc to the 
mind, as light is to the eyes. 4. Resplendant with 
charms. 5. Illuminated with science ; sparkling with 
wit. 6. Illustrious ; glorious. — 7. In popular language, 
ingenious ; possessing an active mind. 8. Promising good 
or success. 9. Sparkling ; animated. 

BRiGHT'-BURN-ING, a. Burning with a bright flame. 

BRIGHT'EN, (bri'tn) v. t. 1. To make bright or brighter ; 
to make to shine ; to increase lustre. 2. To make lumi- 
nous by light from without, or by dispelling gloom. 3. To 
cheer ; to make gay or cheerful. 4. To make illustrious, 
or more distinguished. 5. To make acute or witty. 

BRiGHT'EN, (bri'tn) v. i. 1. To grow bright, or more 
bright ; to clear up. 2. To become less dark or gloomy. 

BRIGHT'-EYED, (brite'ide) a. Having bright eyes. 

BRIGHT'-HaIRED, a. Having bright hair. 

BRiGHT'-HAR-NESSED, a. Having glittering armor. 

BRIGHT'LY, (brite'ly) adv. Splendidly ; with lustre. 

BRIGHT'NESS, (brite'- nes ) ti. 1. Splendor ; lustre; glit- 
ter. 2. Acuteness, applied to the faculties ; sharpness 
of wit. 

BRiGHT'-SHIN-ING, a. Shining with splendor. 

t BRI-GOSE', a. Contentious. Puller. 

BRiGUE, (breeg) n. [Fr. brigue.'] A cabal ; intrigue ; fac- 
tion ; contention. {Little w^ed.j Chesterfield. 

BRIGUE, (breeg) v. i. To canvass ; to solicit. {Little used.] 

BRILL'IAN-CY, n. Splendor ; glitter ; great brightness. 

BRILL'IANT, a. {¥r. brillant.] 1. Sparkling with lustre; 
glittering. 2. Splendid ; shining ; as, a brilliant achieve- 
ment. 

BRILL'IANT, n. 1. A diamond of the finest cut, formed into 
angles, so as to refract the light, by which it is rendered 
more glittering. 2. In the manege, a brisk, high-spirited 
horse, with a stately carriage. 

BRILL'IANT-LY, adv. Splendidly. Warton. 

BRTLL'IANT-NESS, n. Brilliancy ; splendor ; glitter. 

BRILLS, 77. The hair on the eyelids of a horse. 

BRIM, 71. [Sax. brymm.] 1. The rim, lip, or broad border of 
any vessel or other thing. 2. The upper edge of a vessel, 
whether broad or not. 3. The top of any liquor ; the 


BRI 


107 


edge or that next the border at the top. 4. The edge or 
brink of a fountain ; the verge. 

t BRIM, a. [Sax. Public j well known ; celebrated. 

BRIM, V. t. To fill to the brim, upper edge, or top. 

BRIM, V. i. To be full to the brim. Philips. 

BRIM'FIJL, a. Full to the top j completely full j as, a glass 
brimful. 

f BRIM'FIjL-NESS, n. Fullness to the top. Shak. 

BRIM'LESS, a. Having no brim. Addison. 

BRIM'MER, 11 . A bowl full to the top. Dryden, 

BRIM'MING, a. Full to the top or brim. Dryden. 

BRIM'STONE, n. [Sax. bryne^ and stoncj burn-stone .“I Sul- 
phur j a hard, brittle, infiammable substance, of a lemon- 
yellow color. 

BR13FSTO-NY, a. Full of brimstone, or containing it j re- 
sembling brimstone ; sulphurous. 

BRINl) El), a. [It. brinato.] Marked with spots ; tabby ; 
having ditferent colors. Milton. 

BRIN'DLE, n. The state of being brinded j spottedness. 
Richardson. 

BRIN DEED, a. Spotted ; variegated with spots of different 
colors. Addison. 

BRINE, n. [Sax. bryne.] 1. Water saturated or strongly im- 
pregnated with salt. 2. The ocean or sea. 3. Tears, so 
called from their saltness. 

BRINE, V. t. To steep in brine, as corn to prevent smut ; 
also, to mix salt with. Encyc. 

BRINE'-PAN, n. A pit of salt water, where, by the action 
of the sun, salt is formed by crystalization. 

BRlNE'-PIT, n. A brine-pan, or a salt spring from which 
water is taken to be boiled or evaporated for making 
salt. 

BRiNE'-SPRING, n. A spring of salt water. 

BRING, V. t. pret. and pp. brought. [Sax. bringan.] 1. To 
fetch ; to bear, convey or lead from a distant to a nearer 
place, or to a person. 2. To produce ; to procure as a 
cause ; to draw to. 3. To attract or draw along. 4. To 
cause to come. 5. To cause to come to a point, by moral 
influence. The primary sense is, to lead, draw, or cause 
to come ; the sense of conveying or bearing is secondary. 
Its use is extensive, and, in general, it implies motion 
from a place remote, either in a literal or figurative sense. 

To bring back is to recall, implying previous departure, 
either in a literal or figurative sense. — To bring about, to 
bring to pass ; to effect *, to accomplish ; to bring to the 
desired issue. — To bring forth is to produce, as young or 
fruit *, also, to bring to light j that is, to make manifest *, 
to disclose. — To bring forward, to cause to advance ; to 
produce to view. — To bring in, to import ; to introduce ; 
to place in a particular condition ; to collect things dis- 
persed ; to reduce ; to produce, as income, rent or reve- 
nue : to induce to join, &c. — To bring off, to bear or 
convey from a distant place ; also, to procure to be ac- 
quitted ; to clear from condemnation ; to cause to escape. 

— To bring on, to cause to begin ; as, to bring on an action •, 
also, to originate or cause to exist ; also, to bear or convey 
from a distance ; also, to attend, or to aid in advancing. 

— To bring over, to bear across •, also, to convert ; to draw 
to a new party *, to cause to change sides, or an opinion. 

— To bring out, to expose ; to detect ; to bring to light 
from concealment. — To bring under, to subdue ; to re- 
press ; to restrain ; to reduce "to obedience ; also, to bring 
beneath any thing. — To bring up, to nurse ; to educate ; 
to instruct ; to feed and clothe ; to introduce to practice ; 
to cause to advance near ; to bear or convey upwards. — 
In navigation, to cast anchor. — To bring down, to cause to 
come down ; also, to humble or abase. — To bring to, in 
navigation, to check the course of a ship, by arranging the 
sails in such a manner, that they shall counteract each 
other, and keep her nearly stationary. 

BRING'ER, n. One who brings, or conveys to. — Bringer 
in, the person who introduces. — Bringer up, an instruc- 
tor •, one who feeds, clothes, and educates j also, one who 
is ill the rear of an army. 

BIUNG'ING, ppr. Bearing to ; conveying ; persuading 5 
causing to come. 

BRINGING Forth, ». Production. Shak. 

BRT'NISH, a. Like brine ; salt ; somewhat salt ; saltish. 

BRT NISH-NESS, n. Saltness; the quality of being saltish. 

BRINK, 11 . [Dan. Sw. brink.'] The edge, margin or border 
of a steep place, as of a precipice. 

BRI'NY, (bri ne) a. Pertaining to brine, or to the sea ; par- 
taking of the nature of brine ; salt. 

BRrO-NY. See Bryony. 

BRISK, a. [W. brysg.] 1. Lively ; active ; nimble ; gay ; 
sprightly ; vivacious. 2. Full of spirit or life ; efferves- 
cing, as liquors. 3. Lively ; burning freely ; as, a brisk 
fire. 4. Vivid ; bright ; {not used.] 

t BRISK, t. To make brisk. 

BRISK UP, V. t. To make lively ; to enliven ; to animate. 

BRISK UP, V. i. To come up with life and speed ; to take 
an erect, or bold attitude. 

BRISK'ET, n. [qu. Fr. brechet.] The breast of an animal ; 
or that part of the breast that lies next to the ribs. 


BRO 

BRISK'LY , adv. Actively ; vigorously ; with life and 
spirit. 

BRISK^NESS, n. Liveliness ; vigor in action ; quickness : 
gayety ; vivacity ; effervescence of liquors. 

BRIS'TLE, (bris'sl) n. [Sax. bristl.l 1. The stiff, glossy 
hair of swine, especially that growing on the back, used 
for making brushes ; similar hair on other animals. 2. A 
species of pubescence on plants, in form of stiff, roundish 
hair. 

BRIS'TLE, V. t. 1. To erect in bristles ; to erect in defiance 
or anger, like a swine. Shak. 2. To fix a bristle. 

BRIS'TLE, V. i. I. To rise or stand erect. 2. To raise the 
head and strut, as in anger or defiance. In this sense the 
word is common in the United States, but generally pro- 
nounced brustle. 

BRIS'TLE-LIKE, a. Stiff as a bristle. 

BRIS'TLE-SHaPED, a. Of the thickness and length of a 
bristle. Martyn. 

BRIS'TLY, (bris'ly) a. Thick-set with bristles, or with 
hairs like bristles ; rough. Bacon. 

BRIS'TOL-FLOW-ER, n. A species of lychnis. 

BRIS TOL-STONE, n. Rock crystal. 

BRIS'TOL-W A-TER, n. The water of a warm spring, near 
the city of Bristol in England. 

BRIT, 71. A fish ; probably a different orthography of bret, 
or hurt. Carew. 

BRI-TAN'NIC, a. Pertaining to Britain ; or, in its present 
use, to Great Britain. 

BRITCH, 71. [G. britsche.] The large end of a cannon, or of 
a musket, or other fire arm. 

BRITCH, V. t. To fasten with britching. 

BRITCIFING, n. A strong rope, fastened to the cascabel or 
pummelion of a cannon. 

BRITE, or BRIGHT, v. i. To be or become over-ripe, as 
wheat, barley or hops. 

BRIT'ISH, a. Pertaining to Great Britain or its inhabitants. 
It is sometimes applied to the language of the Welsh. 

BRIT'ON, 71. A native of Britain. 

BRIT ON, a. British. Spenser. 

BRIT'TLE, a. [Sax. brittan.] Easily broken, or easily 
breaking short, without splinters, or loose parts, rent from 
the substance ; fragile ; not tough or tenacious. 

BRIT'TLE-LY, adv. In a brittle manner. 

BRIT'TLE-NESS, n. Aptness to break ; fragility ; opposed 
to toughness and tenacity. 

BR^ZE, 77. The gad fly. See Breeze. 

BRoACH, 77. [Fr. broche.] 1. A spit, and, in some parts of 
the English dominions, an awl, and a bodkin. 2. A mu- 
sical instrument. 3. A clasp or small utensil to fasten a 
vest. [See Brooch.] 4. A start of the head of a young 
stag. 

BRoACH, V. t. [W. prociaiD.] 1. To spit ; to pierce, as with 
a spit. 2. To tap ; to pierce, as a cask, in order to draw 
the liquor ; hence, to let out. 3. To open, as a store ; 
[unusual.] 4. To utter ; to give out ; to publish first ; 
to make public what was before unknown. — To broach 
tOj in navigation, to incline suddenly to windward. 

BROACHED, pp. Spitted ; tapped ; opened ; uttered ; first 
published. 

BRoACIPER, 77 . A spit ; one who broaches, opens, or ut- 
ters ; a first publisher. Dryden. 

BROAD, (brawd) a. [Sax. brad.] 1. Wide ; extended in 
breadth, or from side to side. 2. Wide ; extensive ; 
vast. 3. Large. 4. Open; clear; not covered, confined 
or concealed. 5. Gross ; coarse. 6. Plain ; tending to 
obscenity. 7. Bold ; not delicate ; not reserved. 8. Com- 
prehensive. — Broad as long, equal upon the whole. 
UEstrange. 

BROAD-AX, (brawd'ax) n. Formerly, a military weapon. 
In modern usage, an axe for hewing timber. 

BROAD-BACKED, a. Having a broad back. 

BROAD-BLoWN, a. Full blown. Shak. 

BROAD-BREAST-ED, a. Having a broad breast. 

BROAD-BRIMMED, a. Having a broad brim. 

BROAD-CAST, n. Among farmers, a casting or throwing 
seed from the hand for dispersion in sowing. 

BROAD-CAST, adv. By scaitering or throwing at large 
from the hand. 

BROAD-CAST, a. Cast or dispersed upon the ground with 
the’ hand, as seed in sowing ; opposed to planting in hills 
or rows. 

BROAD-CLOTH, n. A species of woolen cloth, so called 
from its breadth. 

BROAD'EN, (brawd'dn) v. i. To grow broad. [Uniusval.] 

BROAD'-EYED, a. Having a wide view or survey. Shak. 

BROAD'-FRoNT-ED, a. Having a broad front. 

BROAD-HORNED, a. Having large horns. 

BROADTSH, a. Rather broad. Russel. 

BROAD'-LEAVED, or BROAD'-LEAFED, a. Having broad 
leaves. 

EIIOAD'LY, adv. In a broad manner. 

BROAD'NESS, n. Breadth ; extent from side to side ; 
coarseness ; grossness ; fulsomeness. 

BROAD'-PIeCE, n. A piece of gold coin. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


BRO 


BRO 


108 


BROAD-SeAL, n. The great seal of England : as a verb. 
not used. 

BROAD'-tfHoUL-DERED, a. Broad across the shoulders. 
Spectator, 

BROAD'-SIDE, n. 1. A discharge of all the guns on one 
side of a ship, above and below, at the same time. 2. 
The side of a ship, above the water, from the bow to the 
quarter. — 3. In printings a sheet of paper containing one 
large page, or printed on one side only. 

BROAD'-iSPREAD-ING, a. Spreading widely. Shak. 

BRO AD'-S Word, (brawd'sord) n. A sword with a broad 
blade, and a cutting edge. Ash. 

BROAD'-TAILED, a. Having a broad tail. Sandys. 

BROAD'-WISE, ado. In the direction of the breadth. 

BRO-GaDE', n. [Sp. brocado.] Silk stuff, variegated with 
gold and silver, or raised and enriched with flowers, foli- 
age, and other ornaments. 

BRO-GaD'ED, a. 1. Woven or worked, as brocade, with 
gold and silver. 2. Dressed in brocade. 

BRO-€aDE'-SHELL, n. The trivial name of the cojius geo- 
graphic us. 

BRo^G AGE, n. 1. The premium or commission of a broker. 
2. The hire given for any unlawful office. 3. The trade 
of a broker ; a dealing in old things. 4. The business of 
a broker. 5. The act of pimping. Ash. 

BRO'GA-TEL, ) n. [Sp. brocatel.] 1. A calcarious 

BRO-GA-TEL'LO, ) stone. 2. A kind of coarse brocade, 
used chiefly for tapestry. 

BROG'GO-LI, 71 . [It. broccolo.] A variety of cabbage, or 
brassica. 

BRoCHE. The true, but not the common, orthography of 
broach. 

BROGK, n. [Sax. broc.~\ A badger. 

BROGK'ET, n. A red deer two years old. Bailey writes 
this brock or brocket. The French write it brocard. 

BRoDE'KIN, n. [Fr. brodequin,'] A buskin or half boot. 

j BROG'GLE, V. i. To fish for eels. 

BRoGUE, (brog) n. [Ir. brog.'\ 1. A shoe. 2. A cant word 
for a corrupt dialect or manner of pronunciation. 3. 
Brogues is used by Shenstone for breeches^ from the Irish 
brog. 

BRoGUE'-Ma-KER, n. A maker of brogues. 

t BROID, V. t. To braid. See Braid. 

BROID'ER, V. t. [Fr. broder.] To adorn with figures of 
needle- work. 

BROID'ER-ER, ?i. One that embroiders. 

BROID'ER-Y, 77. Embroidery *, ornamental needle-work 
wrought upon cloth. Ticket. See Embroider. 

BROIL, 71. [Fr. brouillerie.] A tumult ; a noisy quarrel ; 
contention ; discord, either between individuals or in the 
state. 

BROIL, V. t. [Fr. brouiller.'\ To agitate with heat j to 
dress or cook over coals, or before the fire. 

BROIL, V. i. To be subjected to the action of heat, like 
meat over the fire j to be greatly heated, or to sweat with 
heat. 

BROILED, pp. Agitated or dressed by heat. 

BROIL'ER, 77. One that excites broils 5 that which dresses 
by broiling. 

BROIL'ING, ppr. Agitating by heat 5 sweating. 

BROKE, V. i. [Sax. brucaii.] To transact business for 
another in trade. 

BROKE, pret. and pp. of break. 

BRo'KEN, (br5'kn) pp. of break. Parted by violence ; rent 
asunder *, infirm ; made bankrupt. 

BRO'KEN-BAGKED, a. A broken-backed ship is one which 
is so weakened in her frame as to droop at each end. 

BRo'KEN-BEL-LIED, a. Having a ruptured belly. 

BRo'KEN-HEART-ED, a. Having the spirits depressed or 
crushed by grief or despair. 

BRo^KEi\-LY, adv. In a broken, interrupted manner j 
without a regular series. Hakewill. 

BRo'KEN-MEAT, 77. Fragments. Swift. 

BRo'KEN-NESS, 77. 1. A state of being broken j uneven- 
ness. 2. Contrition. 

BRo'KEN-WIND, 77. A disease in horses, which disables 
them from bearing fatigue. 

BRo'KEN-WIND'ED, a. Having short breath, as a horse. 

BRo'KER, 77. 1. An agent or negotiator, who is employed 
by merchants to transact business. 2. One who deals in 
o[d household goods. 3. A pimp or procurer. Shak. 

BRo'KER-AGE, 77. The fee, reward or commission given 
or charged for transacting business as a broker. 

BRrVKER LY, a. Mean ; servile. Joiison. 

t BRo'KER-Y, 77. The business of a broker. Hall. 

BRoK'ING, ppr. Transacting business as a broker *, prac- 
ticed by brokers. Shak. 

BROME, 77. [Gr. (^pwpos.] A liquid of a deep red-brown 
color, very volatile. 

BRdME'-GRASS, 77. A plant, the bromiis. 

BRONGH'I-AL, a. [Gr. Belonging to the bron- 

chia, or ramifications of the wind-pipe in the lungs. 

BRONGH'IG, a. The same as bronchial. 


BRON'GHO-CeLE, 77. [Gr. and 707X77.] An en- 

larged thijroid gland ; a tumor on the fore part 01 the neck, 
called goiter ; the Derbyshire neck. 

BRON-GHOT'O-MY, n. [Gr. Ppoy^o? and roprj.'j An incis- 
ion into the windpipe or larijnz, between the rings } call- 
ed, also, tracheotomy. 

BROND, 77. A sword. See Brand. 

BRON-TOL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. fipovrij and Xoyo?.] A discourse 
or dissertation upon thunder. 

* BRONZ, ) 71. [Fr. bro7ize.] 1. A compound of copper 

* BRONZE, ) and tin, to which other metallic substances 
are sometimes added, especially zink. 2. A color pre- 
pared for the purpose of imitating bronze. — 3. Among an- 
tiquaries, any figure of men, beasts, urns, or other piece 
of sculpture, which the ancients made of bronze. 4. Any 
statue or bust cast of bronze. — 5. Among 7nedalists, any 
copper medal. 

* BRONZE, V. t. 1. To imitate bronze, by means of copper- 
dust or leaf. 2. To color like bronze. 3. To harden. 

* BRONZHNG, ppr. Imitating bronze. 

* BRONZHNG, n. The act or art of imitating bronze, by 
means of copper-dust or leaf. 

BRONZ'ITE, 71. A mineral. 

* BRoOCH, (broche) n. [Slav, obrutsh."] 1. An ornamental 
utensil for fastening the vest, or the bosom of a shirt. 2. 
A jewel. — 3. With painters, a painting all of one color. 

BRoOCH, v.t. To adorn or furnish with brooches or jew- 
els. Shak. 

BROOD, V. i. [Sax. hrod.] 1. To sit on and cover, as a 
fowl on her eggs. 2. To sit on j to spread over, as with 
wings. 3. To remain a long time in anxiety or solicitous 
thought. 4. To mature any thing with care. 

BROOD, V. t. 1. To sit over, cover, and cherish. 2. To 
cherish. 

BROOD, 71. [Sax. brod.] 1. Offspring ; progeny. 2. A 
hatch 5 the young birds hatched at once. 3. That which is 
bred ; species generated ; that which is produced. 4. The 
act of covering the eggs, or of brooding. [Uzmsual.] Shak. 

BROOD'ED, pp. Covered with the wings ; cherished. 

BROODTNG, ppr. Sitting on j covering and warming ; 
dwelling on with anxiety. 

BROOD^Y, a. In a state of sitting on eggs for hatching , 
inclined to sit. [U7iusual.] Ray. 

BROOK, 71. [Sax. broc, or brooc.] A small natural stream of 
water, or a current flowing from a spring or fountain less 
than a river. 


BROOK, V. t. [Sax. brucan.] Literally, to chew or digest. 
To bear 5 to endure ; to support. Dryden. 

t BROOK, 7 ’. 7. To endure. Sidney. 

BROOK*-LIME, 77. A plant. 

Br 66 k'-MINT, 71. The water mint. 

BRo 6 k'-WEED, 77. A plant, water pimpernel. 

BROOK'Y, a. Abounding with brooks. Dyer. 

BROOM, 77. [Sax. bruzn.] 1. A plant of several species, 
called dyeFs 7ceed. 2. A besom, or brush with a long 
handle, for sweeping floors. 

BROOM. See Bream. 

RROOM'CORN, 77. A species of holcus, or Ouinea-corTi, 
bearing a head, of which brooms are made. 

BROOM'ING a 5 ^ 7 p. See Bream. 

BROOM'LAND, 77. Land producing broom. 

BROOM'RAPE, n. A plant, orobanche. 

BROOmItiS^’ i or handle of a broom. Swift. 

BROOM' Y, a. Full of broom ; containing broom. 

BROS'TEN 1 dialect. 

BROTH, 71. [Sax. b7‘oth.] 1. Liquor in which flesh is boiled 
and macerated. 2. In America, the word is often applied 
to foaming water. 


BROTH'EL, 77. [Fr. ftordeL] A house of lewdness ; a house 
appropriated to the purposes of prostitution j a bawdy- 
house ', a stew. 

BROTH'EL-ER, n. One that frequents brothels. 

BROTH'EL-HOUSE, n. A brothel. 

BROTH'EL-RY, 77. Lewdiiess •, obscenity. 

BRoTH'ER, 77. ; jdv,. Brothers, or Brethren. [Goth. 
brothar ; Sax. brother . — The common plural is brothers ; in 
the solemn style, brethren is used.] 1. A human male, 
born of the same father and mother. 2. Any one closely 
united. 3. One that resembles another in manners. — In 
Scripture, the term brother is applied to a kinsman by 
blood more remote than a son of the same parents. Per- 
sons of the same profession call each other brother . — In a 
rnore general sense, brother, ox brethren, is used for man in 
general. — Brothcr-gcrma7i is a brother by the father’s and 
mother’s side, in contradistinction to a uterine brother, 
or one by the mother only. 

BRoTH'ER-HOOD, n. 1. The state or quality of being a 
brother. 2. Aii association of men for any purpose, as a 
society of monks •, a fraternity. 3. A class of men of the 
same kind, profession, or occupation. 

BRoTH'ER-LESS, a. Without a brother. Shak. 


* See Sy7iopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, Zo?7n-._FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete. 


BRU 


109 


BUG 


BR6TH/ER-LIKE, a. Becoming a brother. Shak. 

BR6TH ER-L 0 VE, n. Brotherly affection. Shak. 

BR6TH'ER-LY, a. Rertaining to brothers ; such as is nat- 
ural for brothers 5 becoming brothers j kind ; affectionate. 
Shakspeare uses this word as an adverb. “ 1 speak but 
brotherly.'*^ 

BROUGHT, (brawt) pret. andpp. of bring. See Bring. 

BROW, n. [Sax. brceio, bi'uwa.] ]. The prominent ridge 
over the eye, forming an arch above the orbit. — To knit 
the brotvs, is to frown. 2. The hair that covers the brow, 
forming an arch, called the eye-brotv. 3. The forehead. 
Hence, the general air of the countenance. 4. The edge 
of a steep place, ns the brink of a river or precipice. 5. A 
fringe of coppice, adjoining to the hedge of a field. 

BROW, V . t. To bound j to limit. Milton. 

BROW'-ANT-LER, n. 1. The first start that grows on a 
deer’s head. 2. The branch of a deer’s horn next the 
tail. 

BROW /-Be AT, V . t. To depress or bear down with haughty, 
stern looks, or with arrogant speech and dogmatic asser- 
tions. 

BROW'BeAT-EN, (brow'be-tn) pp. Overborne by impu- 
dence. 

BROW'BeAT-ING, ppr. Overbearing with severe brows, 
stern looks, or positive assertions. 

BROW'BeAT-ING, 71. A bearing down with stem looks, 
supercilious manners, or confident assertions. 

BROW/BOUND, a. Crowned ; having the head encircled 
as with a diadem. Shak. 

BROW'LESS, a. Without shame. Addison. 

BROW'-PoST, 71. Among builders^ a beam that goes across 
a building. Kncyc. 

fBROW/-SICK, a. Dejected ; hanging the head. 

BROWN, a. [Sax. i>r7r/i.] Dusky ; of a dark or dusky color, 
inclining to redness ; but the shades are various. Brown 
results from a mixture of red, black, and yellow. 

BROWN, V . t. To make brown or dusky. Barloio. 

BROWN'-BILL, n. A weapon formerly used by the English 
foot-soldiers. 

BROW'NIE, 77. A spirit, foolishly supposed to haunt old 
houses in Scotland. 

BROWNHSH, a. Somewhat brown. 

BROWN'ISM, n. The doctrines or religious creed of the 
Brown ists. 

BROWN'IST, n. A follower of Robert Brown. 

BROWN'NESS, n. A brown color. Sidney. 

BROWN-SPAR, 71. Pearl spar, or sidvru-calvUe. 

BROWN'-STUD-Y, 7t. Gloomy study; dull thoughtfulness. 

BROWN'-WoRT, n. 1. A plant, prunella. 2. A species 
of scrophularia^ the vervalis. 

t BROWNW, a. Brown. Shak. 

BROWSE, 75. f. [Gr. jSpwcrxw.] To eat the ends of branches 
of trees and shrubs, or the young shoots. 

BROWSE', V . i . To feed on the tender branches or shoots 
of shrubs and trees, as cattle. 

BROWSE, (brows) n. The tender branches or twigs of trees 
and shrubs, fit for the food of cattle and other animals. 

BROWS'ING, ppr. Feeding on branches, shrubs, or shoots 
of trees. 

BRu'CIA, ) n. A vegetable alkali, extracted from the 

BRu'CINE, ) bark of the false angustura. 

BRu'CITE, 71. A mineral, the chondrodite 0/ Berzelius. 

BRuISE, V . t. [Sax. brysan.] To crush by beating or 
pounding with an instrument not edged or pointed. 

BRulSE, n. A contusion ; a hurt upon the flesh of animals, 
upon plants or other bodies, with a blunt or heavy instru- 
ment. 

BRUISED, pp. Crushed ; hurt or broken by a blunt or 
heavy instrument. 

BRuIS'ER, 71. 1. A concave tool for grinding the ipccwZa 
of telescopes. — ^2. In vulgar language^ a boxer. 

BRulSE'WoRT, 77. A plant, comfrey. 

BRUISING, pp?*. Crushing; breaking or wounding by a 
blunt or heavy instrument. 

BRuIS'ING, 71. In popular language, a beating or boxing. 

fBRuIT, n. [Fr.] Report; rumor; fame. 

t BRuIT, 75. t. To report ; to noise abroad. 

BRu'MAL, 71. [L. bruma.] Belonging to the winter. Brown. 

BRUME, 77. [Fr. 6?uiW7«;.J Mist; fog; vapors. [^Little used. 1 
Barlow. 

t BRUN, or BURN, n. A river or stream. 

BRU-NETTE', \ n. [Fr.] A woman with a brown or dark 

BRU-NET', ) complexion. 

BRUN'ION, 77. [Fr. brugnon.] A sort of fruit between a 
plum and a peach. 

BRUNT, 77. [Dan. brynde, and byninst.] 1. The heat, or 
utmost violence of an onset ; the strength or violence of 
any contention. 2. The force of a blow ; violence ; shock 
of any kind. 3. A sudden effort. 

BRUSH, 77. [Fr.6ro.95c.] 1. An instrument for cleaning any 
thing of dust and dirt by light rubbing. 2. The larger 
pencils used by painters. 3. Branches of trees lopped off ; 
brushwood; a sense common in the United States. 4. The 
small trees and shrubs of a wood ; or a thicket of small 


trees. Eneye. 5. A skirmish ; a slight encounter ; also, 
an assault ; a shock, or rude treatment, from collision. 6. 
In electricity, the luminous appearance of electric matter. 
7. A tail. 

BRUSH, 75. t. 1. To sweep or rub with a brush. 2. To 
strike, as with a brush : to strike lightly, by passing over 
the surface, without injury or impression. 3. To paint 
with a brush. 4. IVith off, to remove by brushing. 5. 
To move as a brush ; to pass over with a light contact. 

BRUSH, 75. 7. 1. To move nimbly in haste ; to move so 
lightly as scarcely to be perceived. 2. To move or skim 
over, with a slight contact, or without much impression. 

BRUSHED, pp. Rubbed with a brush ; struck lightly. 

BRUSH'ER, 77. One who brushes. 

BRUSH'ET. See Busket. 

BRUSH'ING, ppr. Sweeping or rubbing with a brush ; 
striking gently ; moving nhnbly in haste ; skimming over 
lightly. 

BRUSH'ING, a. Brisk ; light. Encyc. 

BRUSH'LIKE, a. Resembling a brush. Asiat. Res. 

BRUSH'WOOD, 77. Brush ; a thicket or coppice of small 
trees and shrubs ; also, branches of trees cut off*. Dry den. 

BRUSH'Y, a. Resembling a brush ; rough ; shaggy ; having 
long hair. Boyle. 

BRUSK, a. [Fr. brusque.1 Rude ; rough. Wotton. 

BRUS'TLE, (brus'sl) 75.7. [Sax. 6ra5H7'a77.] To crackle ; to 
make a small crackling noise ; to rustle, as a silk garment ; 
to vapor, as a bully. 

BRUS'TLING, ppr. Crackling ; rustling ; vaporing. 

fBRUT, 75. i. [Fr. 6ro77fer.] To browse. Evelyn. 

BRu'TAL, a. 1. Pertaining to a brute. 2. Savage ; cruel ; 
inhuman ; brutish ; unfeeling, like a brute ; merciless. 

BRU-TAL'I-TY, n. Inhumanity ; savageness ; churlish- 
ness ; insensibility to pity or shame. 

BRu'TAL-iZE, V . t . To make brutal, churlish, or inhuman. 

BRu'TAL-lZE, V. i. To become brutal, inhuman, or coarse 
and beastly. Addison. 

BRu'TAL-LY, adv. Cruelly ; inhumanly ; in a coarse, 
churlish, or brutal manner. Arbuthnot. 

BRUTE, a. [Fr. 6r77f.] 1. Senseless ; unconscious. 2. Ir- 
rational ; ferine. 3. Bestial ; in common with beasts. 
4. Pmugh ; uncivilized ; insensible. 

BRUTE, 77. 1. A beast ; any animal destitute of reason. 
2. A brutal person ; a savage in heart or manners ; a low- 
bred, unfeeling man. 

f BRUTE, 75. t . for bruit , to report. 

BRuTE'LY, adv. In a rude manner. Milton. 

f BRuTE'NESS, n. Brutality. Spenser. 

BRu'TI-FY, 75. t . To make a person a brute ; to make 
senseless, stupid, or unfeeling. Congreve. 

BRu'TISH, a. 1. Like a brute or beast. 2. Insensible ; 
stupid. 3. Unfeeling ; savage ; ferocious ; brutal. 4. 
Gross ; carnal ; bestial. 5. Ignorant ; uncivilized ; un- 
taught. 

BRU'TISH-LY, adv. In the mhnner of a brute ; grossly ; 
irrationally ; stupidly ; savagely. 

BRu'TISH-NESS, n. Stupidity ; insensibility ; brutality ; 
savageness ; the qualities of a brute. 

BRu'TISM, 77. The nature and characteristic qualities of a 
brute. 

t BRUT'TING, 77. Browsing. 

BRY'O-NY, 77. [L. bryonia.^ White jalap ; a genus of plants 
of several species . — Black bryony is a genus of plants, 
called tamus. 

BUB, 77. A cant word for strong malt liquor. Prior. 

t BUB, v. t. To throw out in bubbles. Sackville. 

BUB'BLE, 77. [D. 6o66eZ.l 1. A small bladder or vesicle of 
water or other fluid, inflated with air. 2. Any thing that 
wants firmness or solidity ; a vain project ; a fraud. 3. 
A person deceived. 

BUB'BLE, V . 7. 1. To rise in bubbles, as liquors when boil- 
ing or agitated. 2. To run with a gurgling noise. 

BUB'BLE, V. t. To cheat ; to deceive or impose on. 

BUB'BLER, 77. One who cheats. Digby. 

BUB'BY, 77. A woman’s breast. Arbuthnot. 

BU'BO, 77. [Gr. ^ov(3(ov ; L. 67760.] A tumor or abscess 
with inflammation, which rises in certain glandular parts 
of the body, as in the groin, or armpit. 

BU-BON'O-CeLE, 77. [Gr. /JoujSwv and Hernia in- 

guinalis, or inguinal rupture. 

t Bu'BU-KLE, 77. A red pimple. Shak. 

BU-BUL'CA, 77. A flat fresh-water fish. 

BUC-A-NEER', ) n. [Fr. boucaner,'] Primarily, a bucaneer 

BUC-A-NIeR', I is said to be one who dries and smokes 
flesh or fish after the manner of the Indians. The name 
was first given to the French settlers in Haiti or Hispan- 
iola, whose business was to hunt wild cattle and swine. 
It was afterwards applied to the piratical adventurers, 
English and French, who combined to make depredations 
on the Spaniards in Ahierica. 

BU-€A'0, 77 . A species of owl, in the Philippine isles. 

BUU'UAL, a. [L. 6ucca.] Pertaining to the cheek. 

BUG-CEL-La'TION, 77. [L. 677cceZZa, buccea.\ The act of 
breaking into large pieces. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. [ Obsolete. 


BUI 


BUD no 


jBU€'CI-NITE, n. Fossil remains or petrifactions of the 
shells called buccinum. 

BU^ENT'AUR, n The state barge of Venice. 

BU-CEPH'A-LUS, n An animal of the gazelle tribe. 

BU'CE-ROS, n. The hornbill, or Indian raven. 

BU€H'OL-ZITE, n. A mineral. 

BUCK, n. [G. hauchej beuche.] 1. Lye in which clothes 
are soaked in the operation of bleaching ; the liquor in 
which clothes are washed. 2. The cloth or clothes soaked 
or washed in lye. 

BUCK, V. t. [G. beuchen.] To soak or steep in lye, a pro- 
cess in bleaching ; to wash or steep in lye or suds. 

BUCK, 71. [Sax. iuc, bucca.] The male of the fallow deer, 
of the goat, the sheep, the rabbit and hare. 

BUCK, V. i. To copulate as bucks and does. 

BUCK'-BASKET, n. A basket in which clothes are carried 
to the wash. Shak. 

BUCK'BeAN, n. This is properly bogbean. 

BUCKED, pp. Soaked in lye. Ash. 

BUCK'ET, n. [Sax. Jmc.] The vessel in which water is 
drawn or carried. 

BUCK'ING, 2 >pr. Soaking in lye, in the process of bleach- 
ing 5 washing. 

BUCK'ING, 71. "Jihe act or process of soaking cloth in lye for 
bleaching ; also, the lye or liquor ; a washing. 

BUCK'ING-STOOL, ?i. A washing block. 

BUC'KLE, 71. [Fr. boucle.] 1. An instrument made of some 
kind of metal, for fastening together certain parts of dress, 
as the straps of shoes. 2. A curl, or a state of being curled 
or crisped, as hair. 3. In coats of arTTis^ a token of the 
surety, faith and service of the bearer. 

BUC'KLE, V. t. 1. To fasten with a buckle, or buckles. 2. 
To prepare for action ; a metaphor, taken from buckling 
on armor. 3. To join in battle. 4. To confine or limit. 

BUC'KLE, v.i. To bend j tc bow. — To buckle to bend 
to ; to apply with vigor ; to engage with zeal. — To buckle 
iji, to close in ; to embrace or seize the body, as in a 
scuffle; a popular use in America. — To buckle with, to 
encounter with embrace ; to join in close combat. 

BUCK LER, 7i. [W. bwccled.] A kind of shield, or piece of 
defensive armor. 

t BUCK'LER, V. t. To support ; to defend. Shak. 

BUCK'LER-THORN, w. Christ’s thorn. 

BUCK'MaST, 71. [buck, that is, beach, and mast.'] The mast, 
or fruit of the beach tree. 

BUCK'RAM, 71. [Fr. bougraii.] A coarse linen cloth, stif- 
fened with glue. 

BUCK'RAM, a. Stiff* ; precise. Fulke. 

BUCK'RAMS, 71. The same wild garlic. 

BUCKS'HORN, 7i. A plant, a species of plantago, or plan- 
tain, called coro7iopus. 

BUCK'SKIN, n. The skin of a buck. As an adjective, 
Trade of leather, prepared from the skin of a buck. 

BUCK'STALL, n. A toil or net to take deer. 

BUCK'THORN, 7i. A genus of plants, called rhamnus, of 
many species. 

BUCK'WHkAT, n. [D. boek-weit.] A plant and a species 
of grain ; called also brank. 

BU-COL'IC, or BU-COL'I-€AL, a. [Gr. povKoXog.] Pas- 
toral . 

BU-COL'T€, 71. 1. A pastoral poem, representing rural af- 
fairs. 2. A writer of pastorals. 

BUD, n. [D. bot.] A gem ; the shoot of a plant ; a small 
protTiberance on the stem or branches of a plant, contain- 
ing the rudiments of future leaves or a flower. 

BUD, V. i. 1. To put forth or produce buds or gems. 2. To 
put fortli shoots ; to grow as a bud into a flower or shoot. 
3. To begin to grow, or to issue from a stock in the man- 
ner of a bud, as a horn. 4. To be in bloom, or growing 
like a young plant. 

BUD, V. t. To inoculate a plant ; to insert the bud of a plant 
under the bark of another tree, for the purpose of raising, 
upon any stock, a species of fruit different from that of 
the stock. 

BUD'DED, pp. Put forth in buds ; inoculated. 

BUD'DHISM, 71. The doctrines of the Buddhists. 

BUD'DING, ppr. Putting forth buds ; inoculating. 

BUD'DLE, n. In mining, a large square frame of boards, 
used in washing tin ore. Ash. 

BUD'DLE, V. i. Among miners, to wash ore. 

BUDGE, V. t. [Fr. and Norm, bouger.] To move off* ; to 
stir ; to wag. In America, wag is much used as equiva- 
lent to budge i b»it the use of both words is vulgar. 

BUDGE, 71. The dressed skin or fur of lambs. 

BUDGE, a. 1. Brisk ; jocund. 2. Surly ; stiff* ; formal ; 
[ofes.] 

BUDGE'-BACH'E-LORS. A company of men who accom- 
pany the lord mayor of London at his inauguration. 

BUDGE'-BAR-REL, n. A small barrel with only one head, 
used for carrying powder. 

t BUDGE NESS, 7i. Sternness; severity. 

BUDG'ER, n. One who moves or stirs from his place. 

BUDG'ET, 71. [Fr. bougette.] 1. A bag ; a little sack, with 
its contents. Hence, a stock or store. 2. The papers re- 


specting the finances of the British nation. — To open the 
budget, to lay before a legislative body the papers of the 
executive government. 

t BUDG'Y, a. Consisting of fur. 

BUD'LET, n. A little bud springing from a parent bud. 

BUFF, n. [contracted from buffalo, or buff'skin.] 1. Buff- 
skin ; a sort of leather, prepared from the skin of the buf- 
falo. 2. A military coat made of buff-skin or similar 
leather. 3. Tlie color of buff* ; a light yellow. 4. A yel- 
low, viscid substance, formed on the surface of blood 
drawn in inflammatory diseases. Parr. 

BUFF, V. t. To strike. See Buffet. 

BUFF'A-LO, 71. [It. and Sp. bufalo.] The bubalus, a spe- 
cies of the bovine genus. The name is also applied to 
wild oxen in general, and particularly to the bison of 
North America. See Bison. 

BUFF'EL, 71 . Buff*el’s-head duck, a bird. 

BUFF'ET, 71. [Fr. buffet.] A cupboard, or set of shelves, for 
plates, glass, china and other like furniture. 

BUFF'ET, 71. [It. buffetto.] A blow with the fist ; a box on 
the ear or face ; a slap. Milton. 

BUFF'ET, v.t. 1. To strike with the hand or fist ; to box ; 
to beat. 2. To beat in contention ; to contend against. 

BUFF'ET, V. i. To exercise or play at boxing. 

BUFF'ET-ED, pp. Struck ; beaten. 

BUFF'ET-ER, n. One who buflTets ; a boxer. 

BUFF'ET-ING, ppr. Striking with the hand ; boxing ; con- 
tending against. 

BUFF'ET-ING, n. 1. A striking with the hand. 2. Con- 
tention ; attack ; opposition. 

BUFF'IN, n. A sort of coarse stuff. 

BUF'FLE, 7J. [Fr.] The buffalo. 

BUF'FLE, V. i. To puzzle ; to be at a loss. Swift. 

BUF'FLE-HEAD, n. One who has a large head. 

BUF'FLE-HEAD-ED, a. Having a large head, like a buf- 
falo ; dull ; stupid ; foolish. 

BUFF'ON, n. The Numidian crane. 

BUF-FOON', 71. [Fr. bovffon.] 1. A man who makes a 
practice of amusing others by low tricks, antic gestures 
and postures, jokes and other vulgar pleasantries. A 
droll ; a mimic. 2. He that uses indecent raillery. 

BUF-FOON', V. t. To make ridiculous. 

BUF-FOON'ER-Y, 71. The arts and practices of a buff*oon ; 
low jests ; ridiculous pranks ; vulgar tricks and pos- 
tures. 

BUF-FOON'ING, 7i. Buffoonery. Drijden. 

BUF'-FOON'TSH, a. Tuke a buffoon ; consisting in low jests 
or gestures. 

BUF-FOON'ISM, 71. The practices of a buffoon. 

t BUF-FOON'iZE, v. i. To play the fool, jester, or buflfoon- 

BUF-FOON'-LIKE, a. Resembling a buffoon. 

BUF-FOON'LY, a. Consisting of low vulgar tricks. 

Bu'FON-lTE, 71. [L. bufo.] Toadstone. 

BUG, n. [qu. W. ba^, bij;an.] The name of a vast multi- 
tude of insects, which infest houses and plants. 

BUG, or BUG'BEaR, 71. [W. bwg.] A frightful object; a 
walking spectre ; any thing imaginary that is considered 
as frightful. Locke. 

BUG'BEaR, v. t. To alarm or frighten with idle phantoms. 
Archbishop King. 

BU-GEE', n. A species of monkey in India. 

BU-GEL'U-GEY, n. A large species of lizard. 

BUG'GER, 71 . [Fr. bougre.] One guilty of the crime against 
nature. A vile wretch ; a term of reproach. 

BUG'GER-Y, n. The unnatural and detestable crime of 
carnal intercourse of man or woman with a beast ; or of 
human beings unnaturally with each other. &'odomy. 

BUG'GI-NESy, 71. The state of being infected with bugs. 

BUG'GY, a. Abounding with bugs. 

BU'GLE, or Bu'GLE-HORN, 71. [W. bugail.] 1. A hunt- 
ing-horn. Shak. 2. A military instrument of music. 

BU'GLE, 71. A shining bead of black glass. Shak. 

Bu'GLE, 71. [L. bugula, or bugillo.] A genus of plants, 
ajvga, of several species. 

BU'GLE, 71. [L. biiculus.] A sort of wild ox. 

Bu'GLE-WEED, n. A plant, the hjeopus virginicus. 

Bu'GLOSS, 71 . [L. buglossus.] A genus of plants. 

BUG'WoRT, 71. A plant, the cimicifuga. 

BUHR'STONE, n. A subspecies of silex or quartz. This 
word is often written biirr-sto7ie. 

BUILD, ) (bild) v. t. pret. built ; pp. built. The regular 

BILD, ^ pret. and pp., budded, is sometimes used. [Sax. 
bijldaii.] 1. To frame, construct, and raise, as an edifice. 
2. To raise by art ; to frame or shape into a particular 
form. 3. To raise any thing on a support or foundation. 
4. In Scripture, to increase and strengthen ; to cement 
and knit together ; to settle, or establish and preserve. 

BUILD, (bild) v. i. 1. To exercise the art, or practice the 
business of building. 2. To constmet, rest or depend on 
as a foundation. 

BUILD'ER, (bild'er) n. 1. One who builds ; an architect, a 
ship-wright, a mason, &c. 2. A creator. 

BUILD'ING, (bild'ing) ppr. Framing and erecting ; resting 
on. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — | Obsolete, 


BUL 


111 


BUN 


BUILD ING, (bild'ing) n. A fabric of edifice constructed 
for use or convenience, as a house. 

BUILT, (bill) pp. Framed and raised ; constructed. 

BUILT, (bill) 71. 1. Form ; shape j general figure of a 
structure* Drydeiu 2. Species of building. 

BUL, n. The common flounder. Chambers. 

BULB, n. [Gr* (h'XPo^.] A round body, applied to man7j 
objects. But, in botayiij, it is appropriately a bud formed 
under ground, upon or near the roots of certain herbaceous 
plants, which are hence called bulboTis plants, as the 
onion and lily. 

BULB, V. i. To bulb out^ is to project or be protuberant. 
[Little used.] Evelyn. 

BUL-Ba'C£OUS, a. Bulbous. 

BULBED, a. Round-headed. 

BUL-BIF^ER-OUS, a. Producing bulbs. 

BULB^OUS, a. 1. Containing bulbs or a bulb ; growing 
from bulbs ; round or roundish. 2. Containing a knob, 
or protuberant part ; swelling out ; presenting rounded 
elevations. 

BUL'CHIN, n. A young male calf. Marston. 

BULGE, n. A different orthography of bilge. [W. b7clg.] 
The bilge or protuberant part of a cask ; protuberance. 

BULGE, V. i. 1. To swell out ; to be protuberant. 2. To 
bilge as a ship. See Bilge. 

BULG'ING, ppr. or a. Swelling out ; bilging. As an ad- 
jective^ protuberant. 

BU'LI-MY, ?j. [Gr. (jovXipia.] A voracious appetite *, a dis- 
ease in which the patient has a perpetual and insatiable 
appetite for food, and often faints, if not indulged. 

BULK, ri. [W.bu lg.] 1. Magnitude of material substance j 
whole dimensions ; size of a thing. 2. The gross ; the 
majority; the main mass or body. Swift. 3. Main fabric. 
4. The whole content of a ship’s hold for the stowage of 
goods. 5. A part of a building jutting out. Shak . — To 
break bulk, in seamen’s language, is to begin to unload. — 
Laden in bulk, having the cargo loose in the hold, or not 
inclosed in boxes, bales or casks. 

BULK'-HEAD, ?i. A partition in a ship, made with boards, 
to form separate apartments. 

BULK'I-NEjSS, n. Greatness in bulk, size or stature. 

BULK'Y, a. Large ; of great dimensions. 

BULL, n. [G. bull.] 1. The male of the bos, or bovine genus 
of quadrupeds, of which coio is the female. 2. In a Scriptu- 
ral sense, an enemy. 3. Taurus, one of the twelve signs 
of the zodiac. 

BTJLL, 71. [It. holla. This name was given to the seal 
which was appended to the edicts and briefs of the pope, 
and, in process of time, applied to the edict itself. Spel- 
ma.n.] 1. A letter, edict or rescript of the pope, published 
or transmitted to the churches over which he is head, 
containing some decree, order or decision. 2. A blunder 
or contradiction. Pope. 

BULL, a prefix, signifies a bull, or large, or having a large 
head. 

BULL'-BaIT-ING, n. The practice of baiting or exciting 
bulls with dogs. Addison. 

BULL'-BEEF, n. The flesh of a bull ; coarse beef. 

BULL'-BEG-GAR, n. Something terrible, or frightful. 

BjjLL'-€ALF, n. A male calf; a stupid fellow. 

BULL'-DOG, n. A species of dog of a particular form, and 
of remarkable courage. 

BULL’S'-EYE, n. 1. Among seamen, piece of wood in 
the form of a ring. 2. Aldebaran, a star. 3. A small, 
obscure cloud, portending a great storm. 

BIJLL'-FACED, a. Having a large face. Dryden. 

BULL'-FEAST. See Bull-fight. 

BijLL'-FiGHT, n. A combat with a bull ; an amusement 
among the Spaniards and Portuguese. 

BllLL'-FINCH, n. A bird of the sparrow kind. 

BtlLL'-FLY, or BULL'- BEE, n. An insect. 

BULL'-FROG, n. A large species of frog. 

BtjLL'-HEAD, n. 1. A genus of fishes, the cottus. 2. A 
stupid fellow ; a lubber. 3. A small, black, water vermin. 

BlJI>L'-TROUT, n. A large species of trout. 

BULL'-WEED, n. Knap weed. Johnson. 

BfiLL'-WoRT, 71. Bishopsweed. Johnson. 

BULL'- ACE, 71. 1. The bully-tree, or chrysophylbim, a 

plant. 2. The wild plum. 

BUL-LAN'TI€, a. Designating certain ornamental capital 
letters, used in apostolic bulls. It is used also as a noun. 

BIJLL'A-RY, 71. A collection of papistical bulls. 

BUL'LATE, a. [L. bullatxis.] Having elevations, like blis- 
ters. 

BULL'ET, 71. [Fr. houlet.] A ball of iron or lead called also 
shot, used to load guns for killing man or beast. 

BULL'E-TIN, n. [Fr.] 1. An official report from an officer 
to his commander or superior. 2. An official report of a 
physician respecting the king’s health. 3. A little note 
given by a banking company. 4. It is sometimes used 
for a notice, or public announcement. 

* BIJLL'ION, n. [Fr. billo7i.] Uncoined gold or silver in 
tlie mass. 


BIJL'LI-RAG, V. t. To insult in a bullying manner. 

BULL'ISH, a. Partaking of the nature of a bull or blunder. 
Milton. 

BULL'IST, n. A writer of papal bulls. Harmar* 

BUL'LITE, n. A petrified shell, or the fossil remains of 
shells, of the genus bulla. 

f BUL-LI"TlON, 71 . [L. bullio.] The act or state of boiling. 
Superseded by ebullition. 

BULL'OCK, n. [Sax. bulluca.] An ox, or castrated bull, 
in America, it is applied to a full-grown ox. 

BiJLL'Y, 71. [Sw. bbla.] A noisy, blustering, overbearing, 
quarrelsome fellow, more distinguished for insolence and 
empty menaces than for courage. Addison. 

BULL'Y, V. t. To insult and overbear with noise and blus- 
tering menaces. King. 

BULL'Y, V. i. To be noisy and quarrelsome. 

BjjL'RUSH, 71. [bole, or boll, and rw^A.] A large kind of 
rush, growing in wet land or water. 

BIJL'RUSH-Y, a. Made of bulrushes. H7iloet. 

t BUL'TEL, 71. A bolter or bolting cloth ; also, bran. 

BUL'WARK, 77. [Sw. AoZva/'cA:.] 1. In fortificatio7i, 3. has- 
tion, or a rampart, &c. 2. A fortification ; also, any 
means of defense. 3. That which secures against an 
enemy or external annoyance ; a screen or shelter ; means 
of protection and safety. 

BjJL' WARK, V. t. To fortify with a rampart ; to secure by 
a fortification ; to protect. Addiso7i. 

BUM, 77. The buttocks ; the part on which we sit. 

BUM, V. i. To make a noise. Marston. 

BUM-BaIL'IFF, 77. [a corruption of bo7ind bailiff.] In 
E7igland, an under-bailiff. 

BUM'Bx^RD. See Bombard. 

BUM'BAST, 77. [a different orthography of &07nA<75t, which 
see.] 1. A cloth made by sewing one stuff upon anoth- 
er ; patchwork. 2. Linen stuffed with cotton ; stuffing ; 
wadding. 

BUM'BLE-BEE, 77. [L. bombrrs.] A large bee, sometimes 
called_humblc-bee ; so named from its sound. 

BUM'BoAT, 71. A small boat, for carrying provisions to a 
ship at a distance from shore. 

BUM'KIN, 77. [Sec Bumpkin.] 1. A short boom projecting 
from each bow of a ship. 2i A small out-rigger over the 
stern of a boat. 

BUMP, 77. [W. picmp.] 1. A swelling or protuberance. 2. 
A thump ; a heavy blow. 

BUMP, V. 7. To make a loud, heavy or hollow noise, as the 
bittern. It is also written boom ,• [vV. bwmp.] 

BUMP, V. t. To strike as with or against any thing large or 
solid ; to thump. 

BUMP'ER, 77. A cup or glass filled to the brim, or till the 
liquor runs over. Dryde7i. 

BUMP'KIN, 71. An awkward, heavy rustic ; a clown, or 
country lout. Locke. 

t BUMP'KIN-LY, a. Clownish. Richardson. 

BUNCH, 77. [W. pwng.] 1. A protuberance ; a hunch ; a 
knob or lump. 2. A cluster ; a number of the same kind 
growing together. 3. A number of things tied together. 
4. A collection of things ; a knot. 

BUNCH, V. i. To swell out in a protuberance ; to be protu- 
berant or round. 

BUNCH, V. t. To form or tie in a bunch or bunches. 

BUNCH'-BACKED, a. Plaving a bunch on the back ; 
crooked. 

BUNCH'I-NESS, n. The quality or being bunchy, or grow- 
ing in bunches. 

BUNCH'Y, a. Growing in bunches ; like a bunch ; having 
tufts. 

BUN'DLE, 77. [Sax. bijndel.] 1. A number of things put 
together. 2. A roll ; any thing bound or rolled into a 
convenient form for conveyance. 

BUN'DLE, V. t. To tie or bind in a bundle or roll ; often 
followed by up. Swift.- 

BUNG, 77. [Fr. &o77do77.] 1. The stopple of the orifice in the 
bilge of a cask. 2. The hole or orifice in the bilge cf a 
cask. 

BUNG, V. t. To stop the orifice in the bilge of a cask with 
a bung ; to close up. 

BUNG'-HOLE, 7i. The hole or orifice in the bilge of a 
cask. 

BUN'GLE, (bung'gl) v. i. To perform in a clumsy, awk- 
ward manner. Dryden. 

BUN'GLE, V. t. To make or mend clumsily ; to botch ; to 
manage awkwardly ; with up. Dryden. 

BUN'GLE, 77. A botch ; inaccuracy ; gross blunder ; clumsy 
performance. Ray. 

BUN'GLER, 77. A clumsy, awkward workman ;. one who 
performs without skill. Peacham. 

BUN'GLING, ppr. Performing awkwardly. 

BUN'GLING, a. Clumsy ; awkwartily done. 

BUN'GLING-LY, adv. Clumsily ; awkwardly. 

BUNK, 77. [Dan. by7ike.] A case or cabin of boards for a 
bed ; a toord iised in some parts of A7iierica. 

BUNN, or BUN, n. [Scot, bun, bunn.] A small cake, or a 
kind of sweet bread. Qay. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BTJLL, UNITE. — C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


BUR 


112 


BUR 


BtTN^SlNG, n. An animal found at the Cape of Good Hope. 
BUNT, 71. The middle part, cavity, or belly of a sail. 

BUNT, V. i, 1. To swell out. 2. In popular language, to 
push with the horns j to butt. 

BUNT'ER, 7i. A cant word for a woman who picks up rags 
in the streets j hence, a low, vulgar woman. 

BUNT'ING, 71. A bird of the genus emberiza. 

BUNTING, or BUN'TINE, n. [Ger. bunt.] A thin woolen 
stuff, of which the colors or flags and signals of ships are 
made. 

BUNT'LINES, n. Ropes fastened to cringles on the bottoms 
of square sails. 

* BUOY, (bwoy) n, [Fr. bouee.] A close empty cask, or a 
block of wood or cork, fastened by a rope to an anchor, 
and floating on the water, to show where the anchor is 
situated. 

* BUOY'ROPE, 71. The rope which fastens a buoy to an an- 
chor. 

* BUOY, (bwoy) v. t. 1. To keep afloat in a fluid ; to bear 
up, or keep from sinking in a fluid, as in water or air ; 
with up. 2. To support, or sustain ; to keep from sinking 
into ruin or despondency. 3. To fix buoys, as a direction 
to mariners. 

* BUOY, (bwoy) v. i. To float ; to rise by specific lightness. 

* BUOY'AN-CY, (bwoy'an-sy) n. The quality of floating 
on the surface of water, or in the atmosphere ; specific 
lightness. 

* BUOY'ANT, (bwoy'ant) a. 1. Floating; light; that will 
not sink ; having the quality of rising or floating in a 
fluid. 2. Bearing up, as a fluid ; [unusual.] Dryden. 

BU-PRES^TES, 71. A species of cantharides. 

BUR, BOUR, or BOR, Sax. bur, signifies a chamber or a 
cottage. 

BUR, 71. [Sax. burre.] 1. A rough, prickly covering of the 
seeds of certain plants, as of the chestnut. 2. A broad 
ring of iron behind the place for the hand on a spear, used 
in tilting. 

BUR'BOT, 71. [from L. barbatus.] A fish of the genus ga~ 
dus, shaped like an eel. 

BURD'E-LAIS, (bur'de-lay) n. A sort of grape. 

BURD^EN, (bur'dn) n. written also burthen. [Sax. byrden, 
byrthen.] 1. That which is borne or carried ; a load. 2. 
That which is borne with labor or difficulty ; that which 
is grievous, wearisome or oppressive. 3. A birth. Shak. 

4. [Fr. bourdon.] The verse repeated in a song, or the 
return of the theme at the end of each verse ; the chorus. 

5. In common language, that which is often repeated ; a 
subject on which one dwells. 6. A fixed quantity of cer- 
tain commodities. 7. The contents of a ship ; the quan- 
tity or number of tuns a vessel will cany. 8. A club ; 
[not in 74^e.] Spenser. 

BURD'EN, (bur'dn) v. t. 1. To load ; to lay on a heavy 
load ; to incumber with weight. 2. To oppress with any 
thing grievous. 3. To surcharge. 

BURD'ENED, pp. Loaded with weight; incumbered; op- 
pressed. 

BURD'EN-ER, n. One who loads ; an oppressor. 
BURD'EN-OUS, a. 1. Grievous ; heavy to be borne ; op- 
pressive. 2. Cumbersome ; useless. Milton. 
BURD'EN-SoME, a. Heavy ; grievous to be borne ; caus- 
ing uneasiness or fatigue ; oppressive. 
BURD'EN-SoME-NESS, n. The quality of being burden- 
some ; heaviness ; oppressiveness. 

BUR'DOCK, 71. A genus of plants. 

Bu'REAU, (bu'ro) n. [Fr. bureau.] 1. A chest of drawers, 
fur keeping papers, or clothes. 2. An embassador’s or 
secretary’s office. 

BURG, 71. [This is the same word as borough, the only dif- 
ference being in the pronunciation of the final letter.] A 
borough ; originally, a fortified town, but 7iow, a city or 
town, which sends members to parliament. See Borough. 
BURG'AGE, n. [from burg.] In English law, a tenure, 
applied to cities, or towns, or where houses or lands are 
held of some lord in common socage, by a certain estab- 
lished rent. 

BURG^A-MOT, 71 . 1. A species of pear. [See Bergamot.] 
2. A kind of perfume. See Bergamot. 

BURG'A-NET, or BURG'O-NET, n. [Fr. bourguignote.] 
A kind of helmet, the Spanish murrion. 

BUR-GEOIS', (boor-zha.) n. [Fr. bourgeois.] A burgess. 
BUR-GEOIS', or BOUR-GEOIS', (bur-jois') n. A species 
of type, or printing letter, smaller than long primer, and 
larger than brevier. 

BUR'GEON. See Bourgeon. 

BUR'GEON, (bur'jun) n. In gardening, a knot or but- 
ton, put forth by the branches of a tree, in the spring. 
Chambers. 

BURG'ER-MAS-TER, n. An aquatic fowl. 

BURG'ESS, 71, [Fr. bourgeois.] 1. An inhabitant of a bor- 
ough, or walled town ;^or one wlio possesses a tenement 
therein ; a citizen or freeman of a borough. 2. A repre- 
sentative of a borough in parliament, 3. A magistrate of 
certain towns, 

BURG'ESS-SHIP, n. The state or quality of a burgess. 


BURGH, (burg) 71. A different orthography of burg, borough 
which see. 

BURGH'-BOTE, n. In old laws, a contribution towards the 
building or repairing of castles, &c. 

BURGH'-BRECH, n. A fine imposed on a burgh, for a 
breach of the peace. 

BURGIl'ER, 71. An inhabitant of a burgh or borough, or one 
who enjoys the privileges of a place. 

BURGH'ER-SHIi\ n. The state or privilege of a burgher. 
BURGH'-MAS-TER, n. A burgomaster ; also, an officer in 
the tin-mines. 

BURGH'MOTE, n. The court of a burgh or borough. 
BURG'LAR, 71. [burgh, or burg, a house, and Arm. laer, 
a thief.]^ One guilty of nocturnal house-breaking. 
BURG-La'RI-AN, 71. A person guilty of burglary. 
BURG-La'RI-OUS, a. Pertaining to burglary ; constituting 
tlie crime of burglary. 

BURG-LA'RI-OUfc5-LY, adv. With an intent to commit burg- 
lary ; in the manner of a burglar. 

BURG'LA-RY, 71. The act or crime of nocturnal house- 
breaking, with an intent to commit a felony. 
BURG'-MOTE, n. A borough court. Burke. 
BURG'O-MAS-TER, n. A burgh-master ; a magistrate, or 
one employed in the government of a city. 

BUR'GRAVE, n. [burg, and G. graf.] In some European 
countries, an hereditary governor of a town or castle. 
BUR'GUN-DY, n. A kind of wine, so called from Burgun- 
dy in France. Shenstone. 

BURH is the same as burg, burgh, with the aspirate. It is 
Saxon, and signifies a city, a castle, a house, or tower. 
BUR'I-AL, (ber'-e-al) n. 1. The act of burying a deceased 
person ; sepulture ; interment. 2. The act of placing any 
thing undf^r earth or water. 3. The church service for 
funerals. 

BUR(-I-AL-PLACE, n. A place appropriated to the burial 
of the dead ; a grave-yard. 

BUR'I-ER, (ber'e-er) n. One who buries a deceased person. 
BU'RIN, 71. [Fr. burin.] A graver ; an instrument for en- 
graving. 

BURL, V. t. 1. To dress cloth, as fullers do. Johnson. 2. 

To pick knots and loose threads off from cloth. 
BUR'LACE, n. [a contraction of burdelais.] A sort of 
grape. 

BL^RL^ER, n. A dresser of cloth. 

BUR-LESQ,UE', > a. [Fr. ; ll.burlesco.] Jocular ; tending to 
BUR-LESK', ) excite laughter by ludicrous images. 
BUR-LESUUE', j n. 1. Ludicrous representation ; a contrast 
BUR-LESK', ^ between the subject and the manner of 
treating it, which tends to excite laughter or ridicule. 2. 
A composition in which the contrast between the subject 
and the manner of considering it renders it ludicrous or ri- 
diculous. 

BUR-LESdUE', 1 V. t. To turn into ridicule ; or to make 
BUR-LESK' ) ludicrous by representation. 
BUR-LESCl'tJER, ) n. One who burlesques, or turns to ridi- 
BUR-LESK'ER, \ cule. 

BUR-LET'TA, n. [It.] A comic opera ; a musical enter- 
tainment. 

BUR'LI-NESS, 71. Bulk ; bluster. 

BURL'Y, a. Great in size ; bulky ; tumid ; falsely great ; 
boisterous. Dryden. 

BURN, V. t. pret. and pp. burned or burnt. [£*ax. bernan, 
bwrnan or byrnan.] 1. To consume with fire ; to reduce 
to ashes by the action of heat or fire. 2. To expel the vol- 
atile parts and reduce to charcoal by fire. 3. To cleanse 
of soot by burning ; to inflame. 4. To harden in the fire ; 
to bake or harden by lieat. .5. To scorch; to affect by 
heat. 6. To injure by fire ; to affect the flesh by heat. 
9. To dry up, or dissipate ; with up. 8. To dry excessive- 
ly ; to cause to wither by lieat. 9. To heat or inflame ; 
to affect with excessive stimulus. 10. To affect with 
heat in cookery, so as to give the food a disagreeable taste. 
11. To calcine with excessive heat. — To burn up, to con- 
sume entirely by fire. — To burn out, to burn till the fuel 
is all consumed. 

BURN, V. i. 1. To be on fire ; to flame. 2. To shine ; to 
sparkle. 3. To be inflamed with passion or desire. 4. 
To act with destructive violence, as fire. 5. To be in 
commotion ; to rage with destructive violence. 6. To 
be heated ; to be in a glow. 7. To be affected with a 
sensation ‘of heat, pain, or acidity. 8. To feel excess of 
heat, — To burn out, to burn till the fuel is exhausted, 
and the fire ceases. 

BURN, n. LA hurt or injury of the flesh, caused by the 
action of fire. 2. The operation of burning or baking, as 
in brickmaking. 

BURN'A-BLE, a. That may be burnt. [Little used.] 
BURN'-GOW, or BURST'-GOW, n. A genus of insects. 
BURNED, or BURNT, pp. Consumed with fire ; scorched 
or dried with fire or heat ; baked or hardened in the fire. 
BURN'ER, 71. A person who burns or sets fire to any thing. 
BURN'ET, n. A plant, potcrium, or garden buniet. 
BURN'ET-SAX'I-FRAGE, 7i. A plant, pimpinella. 
BURNING, ppr. Consuming with fire ; flaming ; scorch- 


*Sce Synopsis. A, E, T, 0, tj, Y, ZoTig-.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete 


BUR 


113 


BUT 


Ing; hardening by fire; calcining; charring; raging as 
fire ; glowing. 

BURN'ING, n. Combustion ; the act of expelling volatile 
matter and reducing to ashes, or to a calx ; a fire ; inflam- 
mation ; the heat or raging of passion. 

BURN'ING, a. 1. Powerful ; vehement. 2. Much heated ; 
very hot ; scorching. 

BURN'ING-GLASS, n. A glass which collects the rays of 
the sun into a small space, called a focus, producing an 
intense heat. 

BURIV ING-THORN/Y-PLANT. A species of spurge. 

BURN'ISH, V. t. [Fr. brunir.] To polish by friction ; to 
make smooth, bright and glossy. 

BURN'ISH, V, t. 1. To grow bright or glossy. Swift, 2. To 
grow ; to spread out. Dryden. 

BURN'ISH, n. Gloss ; brightness ; lustre. Christ. Obs. 

BURN'ISHED, pp. Polished ; made glossy. 

BURN'ISH-ER, n. 1. The person who polishes, or makes 
glossy. 2. An instrument used in polishing, of different 
kinds. 

BURN'ISH-ING, ppr. Polishing ; making smooth and glossy. 

BURN^OOSE, I n. [Sp. albornoz.] An upper cloak or gai*' 

BURN'OS, \ ment. 

BURNT, pp. of burn. Consumed ; scorched ; heated ; sub- 
jected to the action of fire. 

BURNT/-OF'FER-ING, n. Something offered, and burnt 
on an altar, as an atonement for sin ; a sacrifice ; called 
also burnt-sacrifice. 

BURR, n. 1. The lobe or lap of the ear. 2. The round 
knob of a horn next a deer’s head. 3. The sweet-bread . 

BUR'RAS PIPE, n. An instrument or vessel used to keep 
corroding powders in. 

BUR/-REED, n. A plant, the sparganmm. 

BUR'REL, n. A sort of pear, called the red butter pear, 

BUR^REL-FLY, n. The ox-fly, gad-bee, or breeze. 

BUR'REL-SHOT, n. [Fr. JourreZer, and s/iot.] Small shot, 
nails, stones, pieces of old iron, &c., put into cases, to be 
discharged among enemies. 

BUR'ROCK, n. A small wier or dam where wheels are laid 
in a river, for catching fish. 

BUR'RoW, n. A different orthography of burgh, borough, 
which see. 

BUR'RoW, n. [Sax. byrgen.'\ A hollow place in the earth, 
or in a warren, where small animals lodge. 

BUR'RoW, V. i. To lodge in a hole excavated in the 
earth j to lodge in any deep or concealed place. 

BUR'RoW-ING, ppr. Lodging in a burrow. 

BURS'AR, n. 1. A treasurer, or cash-keeper ; a purser. 2. 
A student, to whom a stipend is paid out of a burse, or 
fund. Johnson. 

BURS' AR-SHIP, n. The office of a bursar. Hales. 

BURS' A-RY, n. 1. The treasury of a college, or monastery. 
2. In Scotland, an exhibition. 

BURSE, (burs) n. [Fr. bourse.] 1. A public edifice in certain 
cities, for the meeting of merchants, to consult on matters 
of trade and money ; an exchange. 2. In Prance, a fund 
or foundation for the maintenance of poor scholars in 
their studies. 

BURST, V. i. pret. and pp. burst. The old participle bursten 
is nearly obsolete. [Sax. byrstan, burstan.] 1. To fly 
or break open with force, or with sudden violence ; to suf- 
fer a violent disruption. 2. To break away ; to spring 
from. 3. To come or fall upon suddenly or with violence ; 
to rush upon unexpectedly. 4. To issue suddenly, or to 
come from a hidden or retired place into more open view. 
5. To break forth into action suddenly. 6. To break or 
rush in with violence. 

BURST, V. t. To break or rend by force or violence ; to 
open suddenly. 

BURST, 71. 1. A sudden disruption ; a violent rending ; a 
sudden explosion or shooting forth. 2. A rupture ; a her- 
nia. 

BURST, or BURST'EN, pp. or a. Affectpd with a rupture, 
or hernia. 

BURST, pp. Opened or rent asunder by violence. 

BURST'EN-NESS, n. The state of liaving a rupture ; the 
hernia. 

BURST'ER, n. One that bursts. 

BURST'ING, ppr. Rending or parting by violence ; explod- 
ing. 

BURST'-W6RT, n. The /iCrTiiana, a plant said to be good 
against hernia or ruptures. 

BURT, 7?. A flat fish of the turbot kind. Johnson. 

BURTH'EN. See Burden. 

BUR'TON, (bur'tn) n. A small tackle formed by two blocks 
or pulleys. 

BUR'Y, (ber'ry) n. This word is a different orthography of 
burg, burh, borough. It signifies a house, habitation, or 
castle, and is retained in many names of places, as in 
Shrewsbury, Danbury. The word is used by Grew, for 
burrow. 

BUR'Y, (ber'ry) v. t. [Sax. byrian, burgan.] 1. To deposit 
a deceased person in the pave ; to inter a corpse ; to en- 
tomb. 2. To cover with earth, as seed sown. 3. To 


hide ; to conceal ; to overwhelm ; to cover with any 
thing. 4. To withdraw or conceal in retirement. 5. To 
commit to the water ; to deposit in the ocean. 6. To 
place one thing within another. 7. To forget and forgive ; 
to hide in oblivion. — To bury the hatchet, in the languagt 
of .American Indians, is to lay aside the instruments of 
war, forget injuries, and make peace. 

BUR'Y-ING, (ber're-ing) ppr. Interring ; hiding ; cover- 
ing with earth ; ovenvhelming. 

BUR'Y-ING, n. The act of interring the dead ; sepulture. 

BUR'Y-ING-PLACE, n. A grave-yard ; a place appropri- 
ated to the sepulture of the dead ; a church-yard. 

BUR'Y-PEaR, ?i. [Fr. beuree.] The name of a very tender 
and delicate pear. Cotgrave. 

BUSH, n. [D. bosch.] 1. A shrub with branches ; a thick 
shrub ; also, a cluster of shrubs. With hunters, a fox tail. 
2. An assemblage of branches interwoven. 3. A branch 
of a tree fixed or hung out as a tavern sign. 4. A circle 
of metal let into the sheaves of such blocks as have irou 
pins, to prevent their wearing. 

BUSH, V. i. To grow thick or bushy. Milton. 

BUSH, V. t. To furnish a block with a bush. 

BIJSH'EL, 71 . [Fr. hoisseau.] 1. A dry measure, containing 
eight gallons, or four pecks. 2. A large quantity. 3. TJic 
circle of iron in the nave of a wheel ; in America called a 
box. 

BUSH'EL-AGE, n. A duty payable on commodities by the 
bushel. 

BUSH'ET, 71 . A wood. See Busket. 

BUSH'I-NESS, 71 . The quality of being bushy. 

BliSH'-MAN, n. [D. bosch-man.] A woodsman. 

t BUSH'MENT, n. A thicket ; a cluster of bushes. 

BUSH'Y, a. 1. Full of branches ; thick and spreading, like 
a bush. 2. Full of bushes ; overgrown with shrubs. 

BUS'IED, (biz'zid)pp. of busy. 

BUSd-LE^, (biz'ze-les) a. Without business ; at leisure ; 
unemployed. 

BUS'I-LY, (biz'ze-ly) adv. 1. With constant occupation ; 
actively ; earnestly ; as, to be busily employed. 2. With 
an air of hurry or importance ; with too much curiosity ; 
importunately ; officiously. 

BUS'I-NESS, (biz'nes) n. 1. Employment ; that which oc- 
cupies the time, attention and labor of men. 2. Affairs ; 
concerns. 3. The subject of employment ; that which 
engages the care and attention. 4. Serious engagement; 
important occupation, in distinction from trivial affairs. 
5. Concern ; right of action or interposing. 6. A point ; 
a matter of question ; something to be examined, consid- 
ered or performed. — To do the business for a man, is to 
kill, destroy, or ruin him. 

BUSK, 71 . [Fr. busque.] A piece of steel or whale-bone, 
worn by women to strengthen their stays. 

t BUSK, n. A bush. 

BUSK, v.i. To be active or busy. Fairfax uses it in the 
sense of prepare, transitively, “to busk them for the bat- 
tle.” 

BUSK'ET, 71. A small bush, or a compartment of shrubs in 
a garden. Spenser. 

BUSK'IN, 71 . 1. Akindof half boot, or high shoe, covering 
the foot and leg to the middle, worn by ancient actors 
of tragedy. 2. In classic authors, the word is used for 
tragedy. 

BUSK'INED, a. Dressed in buskins. Milton. 

BUSK'Y, a. Bushy ; wooded ; shaded or overgrown with 
trees or shrubs ; generally written bosky. 

BUSS, n. [L. basio ; Fr. baiser.] 1. A kiss ; a salute with 
the lips. 2. [D. buis.] A small vessel. 

BUSS, V. t. To kiss ; to salute with the lips. Shak. 

BUST, 71. [It. and Sp. busto.] In sculpture, the figure of a 
person in relief, showing only the head, shoulders, and 
stomach. 

BUST'ARD, n. The tarda, a species of fowl of the grallic 
order. 

BUS'TLE, (bus'sl) v. i. To stir quick ; to be very active ; 
to be very quick in motion. 

BUS'TLE, (bus'sl) n. Hurry ; great stir ; rapid motion with 
noise and agitation ; tumult. 

BUS'TLER, (bus'ler) n. An active, stirring person. 

BUS'TLING, (bus'ling) ppr. Stirring ; moving actively with 
noise or agitation. 

BUST'0, 71. A bust ; sometimes, perhaps, used for a statue. 

BUS'Y, (biz'zy) a. [Sax. bysi, bysig.] 1. Employed with 
constant attention ; engaged about something that renders 
interruption inconvenient. 2. Actively employed ; occu- 
pied without cessation ; constantly in motion. 3. Active 
in that which does not concern the person ; meddling with 
or prying into the affairs of others ; officious ; importu- 
nate ; vexatious. 4. Much occupied with employment. 

BUS'Y, (biz'zy) v. t. To employ with constant attention ; 
to keep engaged ; to make or keep busy. 

BUS'Y-BOD-Y, (biz'ze-bod-e) n. A meddling person ; one 
who officiously concerns himself with the affairs of others. 

BUT, part, for butan. (Commonly, but not correctly classed, 
by lexicographers, among conjunctions or prepositions.) 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.—C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


BUT 


114 


BY 


[Sax. butajif buton.] 1. Except ; besides ; unless. 2. 
Only. 

BUT, co?ij. [Sax. 6ote.] More; further; noting an addition. 

BUT, 71. [Fr. bout.] 1. An end; a limit; a bound. 2. 
The end of a plank in a ship’s side or bottom, which 
unites with another ; generally written butt. 

BUT, V. i. To be bounded by ; to lie contiguous to ; a word 
‘used in America. See Abut. 

BUT-END, 71. The largest or blunt end of a thing. 

ByTCH'ER, 71. [Fr. boucher.] 1. One who slaughters ani- 
mals for market. 2. One who kills men, or commands 
troops to kill them. 

BUTCH'ER, V. t. 1. To kill or slaughter animals for food, 
or for market. 2. To murder. 

BUTCH^ER-BiRD, n. The shrike, genus lanius. 

BljTCH'ER-LI-N^S, n. A cruel, savage, butcherly man- 
ner. i 

BUTCH/ER-LY, a. Cruel ; savage ; murderous ; grossly j 
and clumsily barbarous. S/iak. j 

BUTCH' ER-ROW, n. The row of shambles. Whitlock. | 

BIJTCH'ER’S-BROOM, n. Ruscus ; a genus of plants, \ 
called also knee-holly. ! 

BUTCH'ER-Y, n. 1. The business of slaughtering cattle 
for the table, or for market. 2. Murder ; great slaughter. 
Dryden. 3. The place where animals are killed for mar- 
ket ; a shambles, or slaughter-house. 

BUT'LER, n. [Fr. bouteillier .] A servant or officer in the 
houses of princes and great men, whose principal business 
is to take charge of the liquors, plate, &c. 

BUT'LER-AGE, n. A duty of two shillings on every tun of 
wine imported into England by foreigners. 

BUT'LER-SHIP, n. The office of a butler. 

BUT'MENT, n. 1. A buttress of an arch ; the supporter, or 
that part which joins it to the upright pier. 2. The mass 
of stone or solid work at the end of a bridge, by which 
the extreme arches are sustained. It is written also abut- 


ment. 

BUT'SHAFT, n. An arrow to shoot at butts with. 

BUTT, 71. 1. Literally^ end, furthest point. Hence, a 

mark to be shot at ; the point where a mark is set or fixed 
to be shot at. 2. The point to which a purpose or ef- 
fort is directed. Shak. 3. The object of aim. 4. The 
person at whom ridicule, jests, or contempt are directed. 
5. [Sax. fciAtte, or bytt.] A push or thrust given by the head 
of an animal. 6. A cask whose contents are two hogs- 
he^sj called also 2 c pipe. 7. The end of a plank in a ship’s 
side pr bottom. 8. A particular kind of hinge for doors, 
&c. 


BUTT, V. i. [It. buttare.] To thrust the head forward ; to 
strike by thrusting the head against, as a ram. 

BUT'TER, 71. [Sax. buter, butera ; Ger. butter ; L. buty- 
rum.] An oily substance obtained from cream or milk by 
churning. 

BUT'TER, V. t. 1. To smear with butter. 2. To increase 
the stakes at every throw or every game. 

BUT'TER-BUMP, n. The bittern. Johnson. 

BU']’'TER-BURR, n. A plant, a species of tussilago. 

BUT'TER-€UPS, n. A name given to a species of rariWTicu- 
lus, or crow-foot. 

BUT'TER-FLOW-ER, n. A yellow flower. Oay. 

BUT'TER-FLY, n. Papilio, a genus of insects of the order 
of lepiaopters. 

BUT'TER-FLY-SHELL, n. A genus of testaceous mollus- 
cas, with a spiral, unilocular shell. 

BUT'TER-IS, 71. An instrument of steel set in wood for 
paring the hoof of a horse. 

BUT'TER-MILK, n. The milk that remains after the but- 
ter is separated from it. 

BUT'TER-NUT, n. The fruit of an American tree, the 


ju 

BU': 


71. A piece of carved wood, used to 
mark cakes of butter. 

A broad fore tooth. 

A woman who sells butter. 


juglans cinerea. 

FT'TER-PRINT, 

BUT'TER-STAMP, 

BUT'TER-TOOTH, n. 

BUT'TER-WIFE, ) ^ 

BUT'TER- WOM-AN, ] 

BUT'TER-WORT, n. A species of pinguicula. 
BUT'TER-Y, a. Having the qualities or appearance of but- 
ter. Harvey. 

BUT'TER-Y, 71. An apartment in a house, where butter, 
milk, provisions, and utensils are kept. 

BUT'TOGK, 71. 1. The rump, or the protuberant part be- 
hind. 2. The convexity of a ship behind, under the 
st6rn • 

BUT'TON, (but'tn) 71. [Fr. bouton.] 1. A knob; a small 
ball ; a catch used to fasten together the dilferent parts of 
dress. 2. Any knob or ball fastened to another body ; a 
small protuberant body. 3. A bud ; a gem of a plant. 
4. A flat piece of wood, turning on a nail or screw, to fas- 
ten doors. 5. The sea-urchin. 

BUT'TON, (but'tn) v. t. 1. To fasten with a button, or 
buttons ; to inclose, or make secure with buttons. 2. To 
dress or clothe • [not used.] 

BUT'TON-HOLE, n. The hole or loop in which a button is 
caught. 


BUT'TON-MA-KER, n. One whose occupation is to make 
buttons. 

BUT'TON-STONE, n. A species of figured stone, or hard 
flint, resembling a button. 

BUT'TON-TREE, n. The conocarpus . 

BUT'TON -WEED, n. A genus of plants. 

BUT'TON-WOOD, n. 1. The cephalanthus, a shrub. 2. 
The platanus ’ occidentalism western plane-tree, a large 
tree growing in N.' America, producing rough balls, from 
which it is named. 

BUT'TRESS, 71. 1. A prop ; a wall or abutment built arch- 
wise, serving to support another wall on the outside. 2. 
Any prop or support. 

BUT'TRESS, V. t. To support by a buttress ; to prop. 

BUT'TRESSED, a. Supported with a buttress. 

BUTTS, n.pl.A place where archers meet to shoot at a mark. 

BUT'-WINK, n. A bird. Johnson. 

BUT-Y-Ra'CEOUS, ) a. [from L. butyrumm butter.] Hav- 

BUT'Y-ROUS, ) ing the qualities of butter ; resem- 
bling butter. 

BUX'OM, a. [Sax. bocsum.] 1. Obedient ; obsequious ; 
ready to obey ; [065.] 2. Gay ; lively ; brisk. J^ilton, 
3. Wanton ; jolly. Dryden. 

BUX'OM-LY, adv. Obediently ; [0J5.] 2. Wantonly ; am- 
orously. 

BUX'OM-NESS, 71. Meekness ; obedience ; [065.] Chaucer. 

2. Briskness ; amorousness 

BUY, (bl) V. t., pret and pp. bou^t, pron. bawt. [Sax. bi- 
gan, or bycgaiim bygan.] 1. To acquire the property, 
right, or title to any thing, by paying a consideration or 
an equivalent in money ; to purchase ; to acquire by pay- 
ing a price. 2. To procure by a consideration given ; to 
procure at a price. 3. To bribe ; to corrupt or pervert the 
judgment by paying a consideration. 

To buy offm to influence to compliance ; to cause to bend or 
yield by some consideration. — To buyout. 1. To buy off, or 
detach from. 2. To purchase the share or shares of a per- 
son in a stock. — In popular language ^ to buy is to pay 
dear for, as in Chaxicer. 

BUY, (bl) V. i. To negotiate or treat about a purchase. 

BUy'ER, (bl'er) n. One who buys ; a purchaser. 

BUY'ING, ppr. Purchasing. 

BUZZ, V. i. [It. buizicare.] 1. To make a low, hissing 
sound, as bees. 2. To whisper; to speak with a low, 
hissing voice ; to make a low, hissing sound. Shak. 

BUZZ, V. t. To whisper ; to spread, as report, by whispers, 
or to spread secretly. Bentley. 

BUZZ, n. The noise of bees ; also, a whisper. 

BUZZ'ARD, 71. [D. buzaard.] 1. A species of falco, or 
hawk, the buteo ,• a rapacious, but sluggish bird. 2. A 
blockhead ; a dunce. 

BUZZ'ARD, a. Senseless ; stupid. Milton. 

BUZ-ZARD-ET', n. A species offalcoj or hawk. 

BUZZ'ER, n. A whisperer; one who is busy in telling 
tales secretly. 

BUZZ' ING, ppr. Making alow, hissing sound ; whispering ; 
tattling in secret. 

By, prep. [Sax. or big ,* Goth. Ji.] 1. Near ; close ; as, 
sit by me. 2. Near, in motion ; as, to pass by a church. 

3. Through, or with, denoting the agent, means, instru- 
ment, or cause; as, “a city is destroyed by fire.” 4. 
“ Day by day ;” “ year by year ;” “ article by article.” 
In these phrases, by denotes passing from one to another, 
or each particular separately taken. 5. “ By the space of 
seven years.” In this phrase, by denotes through, pass- 
ing or continuing, during. 6. “ By this time the sun had 
risen.” The word here seems to denote, at, present^ or 
come to. 7. According to ; as, “ this appears by his own 
account ;” “ these are good rules to live 6y.” 8. On ; as, 
“ to pass by land or water.” 9. It is placed before words 
denoting quantity, measure, or proportion ; as, to sell by 
the pound. 10. It is used to represent the means or in- 
strument of swearing, or affirming ; as, to swear by 
heaven. 11. In the phrase, “he has a cask of wine by 
him,” by denotes nearness or presence. 12. “ To sit by 
one’s self,” is to sit alone, or without company. 13. “To 
be present by attorney.” In this phrase, by denotes means 
or instrument ; through or in the presence of a substitute. 
14. In the phrase, “north ft?/ west,” the sense seems to 
be, north passing to the west, inclining or going westward 
or near west. — As an adverby by denotes also nearness, or 
presence ; as, there was no person by at the time. — By 
and by is a phrase denoting nearness in time ; in a short 
time after ; presently ; soon. — By the by signifies, as we 
proceed or pass, [Fr. en passant^] noting something inter- 
posed in the progress of a discourse, which is distinct 
from the main subject. — To stand by, is to stand near, or 
to support. — In the common phrase, good-bye, bye signifies 
passing, going. The phrase signifies, a good going, a 
prosperous passage, and it is equivalent to farewell. — By 
is used in many compound words, in most of which we 
observe the sense of nearness, closeness, or a withdraw- 
ing or seclusion. 

f BY. See Aby. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — j- Obsolete. 


CAB 


115 


CAC 


B'S’^ASS. See Bias. 

BIZ'-COFFEE-HOUSE, n. A coffee-house in an obscure 
place. Jlddison. 

B1?'-CON-CERN'MENT, n. An affair distinct from the 
main business. Dryden. 

BY'-CORN-ER, n. A private corner. 

BY-DE-PEND'ENCE, n. An appendage ; that which de- 
pends on something else. 

B'j-DE-SIGN', n. An incidental design, or purpose. 
B'?'-DRINK-ING, n. A private drinking. 

BY'-END, n. Private end ; secret purpose or advantage. 
B1?'-GONE, a. Past j gone by. Scots dialect. Grew. 
BY'-IN'TER-EST, n. Self-interest •, private advantage. 
BY'-LANE, n. A private lane, or one out of the usual road. 
BY'-LAW, n. A town law ; the law of a city, town or pri- 
vate corporation. Bacon. 

BY'-MAT-TER, n. Something incidental. Bacon. 
B^''-NAME, 71. Nickname ; an incidental appellation. 
BY'-NAME, “u. t. To give a nickname. Camden. 
B^'-PAST, a. Past ; gone by. Scots dialect. 

B^/-PATH, n. A private path ; an obscure way. 
B^'-RE-SPE€T', n. Private end, or view. Dryden. 
BY'-RoAD, n. A private or obscure road Swift. 
B'?'-ROOM, n. A private room or apartment. Shak. 
B^''-SPEECH, n. An incidental or casual speech, not di- 
rectly relating to the point. Hooker. 
f B^'-SPELL, n. [Sax. higspell.^ A proverb. Coles. 


B'S^^-STAND-ER, n. [Sax. higstandan.'] One who stands 
near *, a spectator ; one who has no concern with the busi- 
ness transacting. 

BY'-STREET, n. A separate, private or obscure street. 

B^f— TURN-ING, 71. An obscure road. Sidney. 

B'f'-VIEW, 71. Private view j self-interested purpose. 

B^'-WALK, 71. A secluded or private walk. Dryden. 

BY'-WAY, n. A secluded, private or obscure way. 

BY-WEST', adv. Westward j to the west of. Davies. 

BY'-WiPE, 77. A secret stroke or sarcasm. Milton. 

BY'-W6RD, n. [Sax. or big^ and word.'] A common say- 
ing j a proverb ; a saying that has a general currency. 

BYE, 77. [Sax.] A dwelling. Gibson. 

BYRE, 77. A cow-house. 

I BYS'SIN, or | BYS'SUS, n. [Gr. /Svaaos-] A silk or linen 
hood. Gower. 

BYS'SINE, a. Made of silk. Coles. 

BYS'SO-LlTE, 77. [Gr. (ivcrcog and Xt0of.] A rare mineral, 
occurring in very delicate filaments, short, flexible and 
elastic. 

BYS'SUS, 77. [L.] The asbestus is, by some, called by this 
name. 

BYZ'ANT, ) 77. [from Byzantium.] A gold coin of the 

BYZ'AN-TiNE, ^ value of fifteen pounds sterling, so call- 
ed from being coined at Byzantium. 

BY-ZAN'TINE, or BY-ZAN'TIAN, a. Pertaining to By- 
zantium. 


C. 


C the third letter in the English alphabet, and the second 
) articulation or consonant, is a palatal, nearly corre- 
sponding in sound with the Greek k, kappa. 

In English^ C has two sounds, or rather it represents two 
very different articulations of the organs *, one close, 
like k^ which occurs before a, o and u; the other, a sib- 
ilant, precisely like 5, which occurs before e, i and y. 

As an abbrevia^ture, C stands for Caius, Carolus, Ciesar, con- 
demnoy &c., and CC for consulib 2 is. As a numeral, C 
stands for 100, CC for 200, &c. — In music, C after the 
clitf, is the mark of common time. 

CAB, 77. [Heb. Ch. kab.] An oriental dry measure, con- 
taining two pints and five sixths, English and American 
corn measure. 

CA-BAL', 77. ^Fr. cahale.] 1. A number of persons united 
in some close design, usually to promote their private 
views in church or state by intrigue. A junto. This 
name was given to the ministry of Charles II., Clifford, 
Ashley, Buckingham, Arlington, and Lauderdale, the ini- 
tials of whose names compose the word. 2. Intrigue ; 
secret artifices of a few men united in a close design. 
Dryden. 

CA-BAL', or CAB'A-LA, n. Tradition, or a mysterious 
kind of science among Jewish rabbins, pretended to 
have been delivered to the ancient Jews by revelation, 
and transmitted by oral tradition ; serving for the inter- 
pretation of difficult passages of Scripture. 

CA-BAL', V. i. To unite in a small party to promote private 
views by intrigue , to intrigue. 

Cx'\B'A-LISM, 77. The secret science of the cabalists. 
CAB'A-LIST, 77. 1. A Jewish doctor who professes the 
study of the cabala, or the mysteries of Jewish traditions. 
— ^2. In French commerce, a factor or agent. 
CAB-A-LTST'IC, 'la. Pertaining to the cabala; con- 
CAB-A-LTST'I-CAL, | taining an occult meaning. 
CAB-A-LIST'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the manner of the caba- 
lists. 

CAB'A-LTZE, v. i. To use the manner or language of the 
cabalists. [J\Tot much used.] 

CA-BAL'LER, n. One who unites with others in close de- 
signs to effect an object by intrigue ; one who cabals. 
CAB'AL-LlNE, a. [L. cahalUnus.] Pertaining to a horse. 
CA-BAL'LING, ppr. Uniting in a cabal ; intriguing in a 
small party. 

CAB'A-RET, 77. [Fr.] A tavern. 

CAB'BAGE, 77. [It. cappuccio.] A genus of plants, called, 
in botany, brassica, of several species j some of which 
are cultivated for food. 

CAB'BAGE, V. i. To form a head in growing. 

CAB'BAGE, V. t. [D. kabassen.] To purloin or embezzle, 
as pieces of cloth, after cutting out a garment. Arbuthnot. 
CAB'B AGE-NET, n. A small net to boil cabbage in. 
CABBAGE-TREE, n. The cabbage-palm, a species of areca, 
the oleracea, a native of warm climates. 
CAB'BAGE-WGRM, 77. An insect. Johnson. 

CAB'I-AI, 77. An animal of S. America resembling a hog. 
CAB'IN, 77. [Fr. cabane.] 1. A small room ; an inclosed 
place. 2. A cottage ; a hut, or small house. 3. A tent ; 
a shed •, any covered place for a temporary residence. 4. 
An apartment in a ship for officers and passengers. 


CAB'IN, V. i. To live in a cabin ; to lodge. Shak. 

CAB'IN, V. t. To confine in a cabin. Shak. 

CAB'IN-BOY, 77. A boy whose duty is to wait on the offi- 
cers and passengers on board of a ship. 

CAB'INED, Inclosed-, covered. Milton. 

CAB'I-NET, 77. [Fr.] 1. A closet ; a small room, or retired 
apartment. 2. A private room, in which consultations are 
held. 3. The select or secret council of a prince or exec- 
utive government ; so called from the apartment in which 
it was originally held. 4. A piece of furniture, consisting 
of a chest or box, with drawers and doors. A private box. 
5. Any close place where things of value are reposited for 
safe keeping. 6. A hut ; a cottage ; a small house ; [oZ»6*.] 
Spenser. 

CAB'I-NET, V. t. To inclose. Howel. [Little ?7serf.] 

CAB'I-NET-COUN'CIL, 77. 1. A council held with privacy ; 
the confidential council of a prince or executive magis- 
trate. 2. The members of a privy council ; a select num- 
ber of confidential counselors. 

CAB'I-NET -ED, pp. Inclosed in a private apartment, or in 
a cabinet. 

CAB'I-NET-Ma'KER, n. A man whose occupation is to 
make cabinets, tables, bureaus, &c. 

CAB'IN-MATE, 77. One who occupies the same cabin with 
another. Beaumont. 

CAB-I-Rii'AN, n. One of the Cahiri. Faber. 

CA-BIR'I-AN, ^ a. Pertaining to the Cabiri, certain deities 

CA-BIR'IC, > greatly venerated by the ancient pagans 

CAB-I-RIT'IC, ) in Greece and Fhenicia. Bryant. Faber. 

Ca'BLE, n. [Sp., Fr. cable.] A large, strong rope or chain, 
used to retain a vessel at anchor. 

Ca'BLED, a. Fastened with a cable. 

CAB'LET, 7?_. A little cable. Mar. Diet. 

Ca'BLE-TIeR, 77. The place where the cables are coiled 
away. Mar. I)ict. 

CA-BOB', V. t. To roast meat in a certain mode. 

CA-BOCHED, or CA-BoSHED, a. In heraldry, having the 
head cut close, so as to have no neck left. 

CA-BOOSE', 77. [G. kabuse.] 1. The cook-room or kitchen 
of a ship ; a fire-place or stove for cooking in a small ves- 
sel. 2. A box that covers the chimney in a ship. 

UAB'OS, 77. A species of eel-pout, about two feet long. 

€AB'RI-OLE, ] 77. [Fr. cabriolet.] A gig ; a one-horse 

€AB'RI-0-LET, \ chair, a light carriage. 

UAB'URE, 77. A Brazilian bird of the owl kind. 

UAB'URNS, 77. ►Small lines made of spun-yarn, to bind ca- 
bles, seize tackles, and the like. 

€A'€Ao, or €o'€OA, (co'co) n. The chocolate-tree, a spe- 
cies of the theobroma a native of the West Indies. 

€A€-€OONS', 77. A plant, called, in 'botany , fievillea. 

€ACH'A-LOT, n. A cetaceous fish, the physeter, or sperma- 
ceti whale. 

€ACHE, 77. [Fr.] A term used by traders and explorers in 
the unsettled western country belonging to the United 
States, for a hole dug in the ground, for the purpose of 
preserving and concealing such provisions and commodi- 
ties as it may be inconvenient to carry with them through- 
out their journey. Lewis and Clark’s Travels. 

€A-€HE€'TiSaL, i an ill habit of body. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ; — BULL, UNITE. — € as K j G as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


CAF 


116 CAL 


* CA-€fIEX^Y, [Gr. A:a;^f|ta.] A vicious state of the 
powers of the body ; a deranged state of the constitution, 
without fever or nervous disease. 

€^AGH-1N-N action, n. [L. cachinnatio.J Loud laughter. 
[Little used.} 

€ACPl'0-LONG, n. A variety of chalcedony. 

CA€K, V. i. [L. caco.] To ease the body by stool. 
CA€K'ER-EL, n. A species of fish. 

GAG'KLE, V. i. [D. kaakelen.] 1. To make a particular 
noise, as a hen. 2. To laugh with a broken noise, like 
the cackling of a goose ; to gi^^ffle. 3. To prate j to praL 
tie ; to tattle ; to talk in a sUly manner. 

CAG'KLE, n. 1. The broken noise of a goose or hen. 2. 
Idle talk ; silly prattle. 

€A€'KLER, n. 1. A fowl that cackles. 2. A telltale ; a 
tattler. 

€A€'KLING, ppr. Making the noise of a goose or hen. 
GAG^KLING, n. The broken noise of a goose or hen. 
GA€-0-€HYM'I€, ) a. Having the fluids of the body 

GAG-O-CHYMT-GAL, I vitiated, especially the blood. 
GAG'O-GHYM-Y, n. [Gr. KUKo^viJua.] A vicious state of 
the vitaUmmors, especially of the blood. 

GAG-O-Dk'MON, n. [Gr. kukos and Saipojv.] An evil spirit. 
GAG-O-E'THES, n. [Gr. KUKondeta.} 1. A bad custom or 
habit 5 a bad disposition.— 2. In medicine, an incurable 
ulcer. 

fGA-GOG'RA-PHY, n. Bad spelling. 

GA-GOPH'O-NY, 7i. [Gr. KaKos and 1. In rhetoric, 

an uncouth or disagreeable sound of words, proceeding 
from the meeting of harsh letters or syllables. — 2. In med- 
icine, a depraved voice ; an altered state of the voice. — 3. 
In music, a combination of discordant sounds. 
GA-Da'VER, n. [L.] A corpse. 

GA-DAV'ER-OUS, a. [L. cadaver.} 1. Having the appear- 
ance or color of a dead human body ; pale j wan 5 ghastly. 
2. Having the qualities of a dead body. 

GAD'DIS, n. A kind of tape or riband ; a kind of worm. 

2. A kind of worm or grub found in a case of straw. 
GAD'DoW, 71. A chough: a jackdaw. 

GAD'DY, 71. A small box for keeping tea. 

GADE, a. Tame j bred by hand ; domesticated ; as, a cade 
lamb. 

GADE, V. t. To bring up or nourish by hand, or with ten- 
derness ; to tame. 

CADE, 77. [L. cadas.} A barrel or cask. 

GA'DE-OIL, 77. In the materia medica, an oil made of the 
fruit of the oxycedrus. 

GADE-W6RM, 77. The same as caddis. 

Ga'DENCE, or Ga^DEN-CY, n. [Fr. cadence ; Sp., Port. 
cadencia.] 1. A fall *, a decline ; a state of sinking. 2. A 
fall of the voice in reading or speaking. 3. The general 
tone of reading verse. 4. Tone ; sound.— 5. In micsic, re- 
pose ; the termination of a harmonical phrase on a repose, 
or on a perfect chord. — 6. In horsemanship, an equal 
measure or proportion observed by a horse in all his mo- 
tions. — 7. In heraldry, the distinction of families. 
Ga'DENCE, V. t. To regulate by musical measure. 
Ga'DENCED, pp. or a. Having a particular cadence. 

G A-DeNE', 77. A species of inferior carpet. 

Ga'DENT, a. [L. cadens.] Falling down ; sinking. 
GA-DEN'ZA, 77. [It.] The fall or modulation of the voice in 
singing. 

GA-DET', 77. [Fr. cadet / It. cadetto.} 1 . The younger or 
youngest son. Brown. 2. A gentleman who carries arms 
in a regiment, as a private man, with a view to acquire 
military skill, and obtain a commission. 3. A young man, 
in a military school. 

GA-DEW', 77. A straw-worm. See Caddis. 
fGADGE, V. t. To carry a burden. Ray. 

GADG'ER. See Codger. 

GAD'GY, a. Cheerful ; merry after good eating and drink- 
ing. Brockett, JVorth of Eng. 

GA'DI, 77. In the Turkish dominions, a judge in civil affairs. 
GA-D1 LHjAG, 77. A sort of pear. Johnson. 

GAD-Me'AN, or GAD'MI-AN, a. Relating to Cadmus, a 
reputed prince of Thebes, who introduced into Greece the 
sixteen simple letters of the alphabet — a, (i, y, 6, t, i, k, 

y,v, 0 , rc, p, O', T, V. These are called Cadmean let- 
ters. 

GAD'MI-A, 77. An oxyd of zink which collects on the sides 
of furnaces where zink is sublimed. 

GAD'Ml-UM, 77. A metal discovered in 1817. 

GA-Du'CEUS, 77. [L.] In ancient mythology. Mercury’s 
rod, a wand entwisted by two serpents. 

GA-Du'CI-TY, 77. [L. caducus.} Tendency to fall. Chester- 
field^ [Little 775erf.] 

GA-Du'GOUS, a. In botany, falling early. 
j-GA-DOKE', a. [Old Fr. caduc.} Fleeting, or frail. Hickes. 
CAl'CIAS, 77. [L.J A wind from the north-east. 

CAil'RULE. SeeCERULE and Cerulean. 

CAj-Sa*RI-AN. See Cesarian. 

CA3-Su'RA. See Cesura. 

GAF'FEIN, 77. A substance obtained from an infusion of 
unroasted coffee, by treating it with the muriate of tin. j| 


GAF/TAN, n. [Persic.] A Persian or Turkish vest or gar- 
ment. 

GAG, 77. [Fr. caque ; Dan. kag.} A small cask, or barrel. 
It is generally written keg. 

GAGE, 77. [Fr. cage.] 1. A box or inclosure, for confining 
birds or beasts. 2. An inclosure made with palisades for 
confining wild beasts. 3. A prison for petty criminals. — 
4. In carpentry, an outer work of timber, inclosing an- 
other within it. 

GAGE, V. t. To confine in a cage ; to shut up, or confine. 
Donne. 

Ga'GIT, 77. A beautiful green parrot of the Philippine isles. 
GAG'U- 1 , 77. A monkey of Brazil, of two species. 

Ga'IG, or Ga'IQ,UE, n. [Fr.] A skiff belonging to a galley. 
GAIL. See Kail. 

GaI'MAN. See Cayman. 

GAIRN, 77. [Welsh, earn ] A heap of stones. 

^GA'IS-SON, or GAIS-SOON', 77. [Fr.] 1. A wooden chest 
into which several bombs are put, and sometimes gun- 
powder. 2. A wooden frame or chest used in laying the 
foundation of the pier of a bridge. 3. An ammunition 
chest, or wagon. 

GaI'TIFF, or CAI'TIF, n. [It. cattivo.] A mean villain ; a 
despicable knave. 

GaI'TIFF, GaI'TIF, or GaI'TIVE, a. Base 5 servile. 

SpCTtSCV ^ 

GAJ'E-PUT, 77. An oil from the East Indies. 

GA-JoLE', V. t. [Fr. cajoler.} To flatter j to soothe ; to 
coax ; to deceive or delude by flattery. 

GA-JoL'ER, 77. A flatterer ; a wheedler. 

GA-JoL'ER-Y, 77. Flattery ; a wheedling to delude. 
GA-JoL'ING, ppr. Flattering ; wheedling ; deceiving. 
GA-Jo'TA, 77. A Mexican animal resembling a wolf and a 
dog. 

GAKE, 77. [D. koek.] 1. A small mass of dough baked ; or 
a composition of flour, butter, sugar, or other ingredients, 
baked in a small mass. 2. Something in the form of a 
cake, rather flat than high, but roundish. 3. A mass of 
matter concreted ; as, a cake of ice. 4. A hard swelling 
on the flesh, or a concretion. 

GAKE, V. t. To form into a cake or mass. 

GAKE, V. i. To concrete, or form into a hard mass. 
fGAKE, V. i. To cackle. Ray. 

GAIi'A-BASH, 77. [Sp. calabaza.} 1. A vessel made of a 
dried gourd-shell, or of the shell of a calabash-tree. 2. A 
popular name of the gourd-plant, or cucurbita. 
GAL'A-BASH-TREE, n. A tree of two species, known, in 
botany, by the generic name crescentia. 

GA-LaDE', 77. The slope or declivity of a rising manege- 
ground. 

GA-La'1TE, 77. A name given to the turquois ; which see. 
GAL-A-MANG'O, n. [Fr. callimanque.] A woolen stuff, of 
a fine gloss, and checkered in the warp. 

GAL'A-MAR, n. [Sp.] An animal having an oblong body, 
and ten legs. 

GAL'AM-BAG, n. [Sp. calambuco.] Aloes- wood, xyloe- 
aloes, a drug. 

GAL'AM-BOUR, n. A species of the aloes-wood. 
GAL-A-MIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing plants having a long, 
hollow, knotted stem. 

GAL'A-MINE, or GAL'A-MIN, n. Lapis calaminaris, or 
cadmia fossilis ; an ore of zink. 

GAL'A-MINT, n. [L. calamintha.] An aromatic plant, a 
species of melissa, or baum. 
t G AL'A-MIS-TRATE, v. t. To curl or frizzle the hair. 
IGAL-A-MIS-TRa'TION, 77. The act of curling the hair. 
GAL A-MIT, 77. [L. calamus.} A mineral. 
GA-LAM'l-TOUS, a. [Fr. calamiteux.] 1. Very miserable ; 
involved in deep distress ; oppressed with infelicity ; 
wretched from misfortune. 2. Producing distress and mis- 
ery ; making wretched. 3. Full of misery j distressful j 
wretched. 

GA-IiAM'I-TOUS-LY, adv. In a manner to bring great dis- 
tress* 

GA-LAM'I-TOUS-NESS, n. Deep distress ; wretchedness j 
misery ; the quality of producing misery. 

GA-LAM'I-TY, n. [L. calamitas.] Any great misfortune, 
or cause of misery. 

GAL'A-MUS, 77. [L.] 1 . The generic name of the Indian 

cane, called also rotang. — ^2. In antiquity, a pipe or fistula, 
a wind instrument, made of a reed or oaten stalk. 3. A 
rush or reed used anciently as a pen to write on parch- 
ment or papyrus. 4. A sort of reed, or sweet-scented 
cane, used by the Jews as a perfume. 5. The sweet flag. 
GA-LAN'DRA, n. A species of lark. 

GA-LAN'DRE, or GAL'AN-DER, n The French name of 
a species of insect of the beetle kind. 

GA-LAN'GAY, n. A species of white parrot. Ash. 
GA-LASIP, 77. [Fr. caleche.] 1. A light chariot or carriage 
with very low wheels. 2. A cover for the head, used by 
ladies. 

GALG'AR, 77. In glass-works, a kind of oven. 
GALG'AR-ATE, a. [L. calcar.] Furnished with a spur. 
GAL-Ga'RI-O-SUL'PHU-ROUS, a. Having lime and sul- 
phur in combination, or partaking of both. 


* See Synopsis, a, k, 1, 0, V, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT j— PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete 


CAL 


117 


CAL 


€AL-€A^RI-OUS, a, [h. calcarius.] Partaking of the na- 
ture of lime ; having the qualities of lime. 

€JAL €A-VAL'LA, n. A kind of sweet wine from Portugal. 
€AL'CE-A-TED, a. [L. calceattis.] Shod ; fitted with or 
wearing shoes. 

€JAL'C£-DON, n. With jewelers, a foul vein, like chalce- 
dony. [See Cha.lc«dony.1 Ash. 

€AL-CE-DON'I€, or €AL-CE-Do'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to 
or resembling chalcedony. 

CAL'CE-DO-NY. See Chalcedony, the more correct or- 
thography. 

CAL-CJF'ER-OUS, a. Producing calx or lime. 
CAL'CI-FORM, a. In the form of calx. 

CAL-CI-Mu'RITE, ?i. A species of earth, of the muriatic 
genus, of a blue or olive-green color. 

GAL-CIN'A-BLE, a. That may be calcined ; capable of be- 
ing reduced to a friable state by the action of fire. 
CAL'CI-NATE, v. t. To calcine. 

CAL-CI-Na^T10N, n, 1. The operation of expelling from a 
substance, by heat, some volatile matter with which it is 
combined, and thus reducing it to a friable state. 2. The 
operation of reducing a metal to an oxyd, or metallic calx, 
'f' €AL'CI-NA-TO-RY, n. A vessel used in calcination. 

* CAL'CINE, or CAL-ClINE', v. t. [Fr. calciner.] 1. To 
reduce a substatice to a powder, or to a friable state. 2. 
To oxydize, as a metal ; to reduce to a metallic calx. 3. 
To dissolve. 

* GAL'CINE, V. L To be converted into a powder or friable 
substance, or into a calx, by the action of heat. 

I €AL'CI-TRATE, v. i. [Fr. calcitrer.] To kick ; to spurn, 
f GAL-CI-TRa'TION, n. The act of kicking. Ross. 
€AL'CI-UM, 71. The metallic basis of lime. 
GAL-GO-GRAPH 'I -GAL, a. Pertaining to calcography. 
GAL-GOG'RA-PHY, n. [L. calx, and Gr. ypacpco.] An en- 
graving in the likeness of chalk. 

GALG'-SIN-TER, n. Stalactitic carbonate of lime. 
GALG'-TUFF, n. An alluvial formation of carbonate of 
lime. 

GAL'GU-LA-BLE, a. That may be calculated, or ascertain- 
ed by calculation. 

GAL'GU-LA-RY, n. [L. calculus.] A congeries of little 
stony knots dispersed through the parenchyma of the pear 
and other fruits, formed by concretions of the sap. 
GAL'GU-LA-RY, a. Relating to the disease called the 
stone. 

GAL'GU-LATE, v. t. [Fr. calculer.] 1. To compute ; to 
reckon. 2. To ascertain by the use of tables or numbers. 
3. To form tables upon mathematical principles, as loga- 
rithms. 4. To compute the situation of the planets at a 
certain time, for astrological purposes. 5. To adjust by 
computation ; to fit or prepare by the adaptation of the 
means to the end. Tillotson. 

GAL'GU-LATE, v. i. To make a computation. — In popular 
use, this word is often equivalent to intend or purpose, 
that is, to make arrangements, and form a plan ; as, a 
man calculates to go a journey. 

CAL'GU-LA-TED, pp. Computed j reckoned j suited •, 
adapted by design. 

GAL<GU-LA-TING, ppr. Computing 5 reckoning ; adapting 
by design ; adjusting. 

GAL-GU-La'TION, n. 1. The art, practice or manner of 
computing by numbers. 2. The result of an arithmetical 
operation ; computation ; reckoning. 3. Estimate formed 
in the mind by comparing the various circumstances and 
facts which influence its determination. 
GAL'GU-LA-TIVE, a. Pertaining to calculation ; tending 
to calculate. 

GAL'GU-LA-TOR, n. One who computes or reckons. 
GAL'GU-LA-TO-RY, a. Belonging to calculation. 
tGAL'GULE, n. Reckoning; computation, 
t GAL'CULE, V. t. To calculate. Chaucer. 

GAL'GU-LOUS, a. 1. Stony ; gritty ; hard, like stone. 

2. Affected with the gravel or stone. 

GAL'GU-LUS, 71. [L.] 1. The stone in the bladder or kid- 

neys. — 2. In mathematics, differential calcuhts isthe arith- 
metic of the infinitely small differences of variable quan- 
tities. 

GAL'DRON, (cawl'dron) ti. [Old Fr. chauldron, now cJiau- 
dron.] A kirge kettle or boiler. 

GALECHE. See Calash. 

GAL-E-Do'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Caledonia. 
GAL-E-Do'NI-iVN, n. A nativ^e of Caledonia, now Scot- 
land. 

GAL-E-Fa'CIENT, a. Warming ; heating. 
GAL-E-Fa'CIENT, 71. That which warms or heats. 
GAL-E-FAG'TION, n. [L. calefactio.] 1. The act or op- 
eration of warming or heating. 2. The state of being 
heated. 

GAL-E-FAG'TIVE, I a. That makes warm or hot ; that 
GAL-E-FAG'TO-RY, ^ communicates heat. 

GAL'E-FY, V. i. [L. calefio.] To grow hot or warm ; to be 
heated. 

GAL'E-FY, V. t. To make warm or hot. 

GAL'EN-DAR, n. [L. calendarium.] 1. A register of the 


* See Synopsis. 


year, in which the months, weeks, and days are set down 
in order, with the feasts observed by the church, &c. ; an 
almanac. 2. A list of prisoners in the custody of the 
sheriff'. 3. An orderly table or enumeration of persons or 
things. — Calendar -month, a solar month as it stands in al- 
manacs. 

GAL'EN-DAR, v. t. To enter or write in a calendar. 

GAL'EN-DER, V. t. [Fr. caleiidrer.] To press between roll- 
ers, for the purpose of making smooth, glossy and wavy. 

GAL'EN-DER, 77. A machine, or hot press, used in manu- 
factories to press cloths. 

GAL'EN-DER, or KAL'EN-DER, n. The name of a sort of 
dervises in Turkey and Persia. 

GAL'EN-DRER, 71. The person who calenders cloth. 

GAL'ENDS, 77. plu. [L. calendar.] Among the Romans, the 
first day of each month. 

GAL'EN-TURE, n. [Sp. calentura.] A violent, ardent fe- 
ver, incident to persons in hot climates, especially natives 
of cooler climates. 

CALF, (cilf) 77.,- pZ77. Calves, (c^lvz) [Sax. ccaZ/; Sw. 
half; Dan. kalv / D. half.] 1. The young of the cow. — 
2. In co 7 itempt, a dolt ; an ignorant, stupid person ; a 
weak or cowardly man. 3. The thick, fleshy part of the 
leg behind. — 4. The calves of the lips, in Hosea, signify 
the pure offerings of prayer, praise and thanksgiving. 
Brown. 

GALF'-LIKE, a. Resembling a calf. Shak. 

GALF'-SKIN, n. The hide or skin of a calf; or leather 
made of the skin. 

GAL’I-BER, 77. [Fr.] 1. The diameter of a body. 2. The 
bore of a gun, or the extent of its bore. — Caliber-compasses, 
calibers, or callipers, a sort of compasses made with archea 
legs, to take the diameter of round bodies, as masts, shot, 
<fec. 

GALT-BRE, n. A sort or kind ; a figurative meaning of the 
preceding word. Burke. 

GAL'ICE, 77. [L. calix ; Fr. calice.] Usually written chalice. 
A cup ; appropriately, a communion cup. 

GAL'I-GO, 77. [from Calicut, in India.] Cotton cloth. — In 
England, white or unprinted cotton cloth is called calico. 
— In the United States, calico is printed cotton cloth, hav- 
ing not more than two colors. 

GAL'I-GO-PRINT'ER, n. One whose occupation is to prindt 
calicoes. 

GAL'ID, a. [L. calidus.] Hot ; burning ; ardent. 

GA-LIDT-TY, 71. Heat. Brown. 

GAL'1-DUGT, 77. Among the ancients, a pipe or canal used 
to convey heat from a furnace to the apartments of a 
house. 

Ga'LIF, 77. written also Caliph and Kalif. [from Ar. 
calafa, to succeed. Hence a calif is a successor, a title 
given to the successors of Mohammed.] A successor or 
vicar ; a representative of Mohammed, bearing the same 
relation to him as the pope pretends to bear to St. Peter. 

GALA F-ATE, GALTPH-ATE, GA'LIPH-SHIP, or K AL'IF 
ATE, 77. The office or dignity of a calif 3 or the govern 
ment of a calif. Harris. 

GAL-I-Ga'TION, 77. [L. caligatio.] Darkness ; dimness ; 
cloudiness. 

GA-LIG'IN-OUS, a. Dim ; obscure ; dark. 

Gx\-LlGffN-OUS-NESS, 77. Dimness ; obscurity. 

GAL-I-GRAPH'IG, a. Pertaining to elegant penmanship. 
TV art on. 

GA-LIG^RA-PHY, ) 77. [Gr. xaXXiypa^ia.] Fair or elegant 

GAL-LIG'RA-PHY, j writing, or penmanship. 

Ga'LIN, 77. A compound metal of the Chinese. 

GATT-PA'^H ) 

GAL^I-PEE ’ \ cooker]} in dressing a turtle. 

GxALff-VER, 77. A kind of hand-gun, musket, or arquebuse. 
Shak. 

Ga'LIX, 77. [L. caliz.] 1. A cup. 2. The membrane which 
covers the papillw in the pelvis. 

GALK, (cawk) v. t. 1. To drive oakum, or old ropes un- 
twisted, into the seams of a ship or other vessel, to pre- 
vent their leaking, or admitting water. — 2. In some parts 
of America, to set upon a horse or ox shoes armed with 
sharp points of iron, to prevent their slipping on ice. 

GALK, (cawk) n. In H'ew England, a sharp-pointed piece 
of iron on a shoe for a horse or an ox, called, in Great 
Britain, calkin ; used to prevent the animal from slipping. 

GALK'ER, (cawk'er) n. A man who calks. 

GALKED, (cawkt) pp. Having the seams stopped ; furnish- 
ed with shoes with iron points. 

GALK'fN, (cawkfln) n. A calk. 

GALKTNG, (cawk'ing) ppr. Stopping the seams of a ship 3 
putting on shoes with iron points. 

GALK'ING, (cawk'ing) n. In painting, the covering of the 
back side of a design with black lead, or red chalk, and 
tracing lines through on a waxed plate, which leaves an 
impression of the color on the plate or wall. 

GATjKTNG-T-RON, (cawk'ing-I-urn) 77. An instrument like 
a chisel, used in calking ships. 

GALL, V. t. [L. calo.] 1. To name ; to denominate, or 
give a name. 2. To convoke ; to summon ; to direct or 


f Obsolete, 


E, BOOK, DOVE ;— BlILL, UNITE. 




CAL 


118 


CAM 


order to meet ; to assemble by order or public notice. 3. 
To request to meet or come. 4. To invite. 5. To invite 
or summon to come or be present ; to invite, or collect. 
6. To give notice to come by authority j to command to 
come. 7. To proclaim ; to name, or publish the name. 
8. To appoint, or designate, as for an office, duty, or em- 
ployment. 9. To invite •, to warn ; to exhort. 10. To 
invite or draw into union with Christ. 11. To own 
and acknowledge. 12. To invoke or appeal to. 13. To 
esteem or account. 

To call down, to invite, or to bring down. — To call back, to 
revoke, or retract ; to recall j to summon, or bring back. — 
To call for, to demand, require or claim j or to cause to 
grow. Also, to speak for j to ask j to request. — To call 
in, to collect ; or to draw from circulation, or to summon 
^ together j to invite to come together. — 2'o call foi'th, to 
bring or summon to action. — To call off, to summon away ; 
to divert. — To call up, to bring into view or recollection j 
also, to bring into action, or discussion. — 'To call over, to 
read a list, name by name ; to recite separate particulars 
in order. — To call out, to summon to fight j to challenge ; 
also, to summon into service. — To call to mind, to recol- 
lect ; to revive in memory. 

CALL, V. i. 1. To utter a loud sound, or to address by 
name ; to utter the name. 2. To stop, without intention 
of staying; to make a short stop. — To call on, to make 
a short visit to •, also, to solicit payment, cr make a de- 
mand of a debt. — In a theological sense, to pray to, or 
worship. — To call out, to utter a loud voice ; to bawl ; a 
popular use of the phrase. 

CALL, 71. 1. A vocal address, of summons or invitation. 2. 
llernand ; requisition ; public claim. 3. Divine vocation, 
or summons. 4. Invitation *, request of a public body or 
society. 5. A summons from heaven ; impulse. 6. Au- 
thority ; command. 7. A short visit ; as, to make a call. 
8. Vocation ; employment. 9. A naming ; a nomination. 
10. Among hunters, a lesson, blown on the horn, to com- 
fort the hounds. — 11. Among seamen, a wiiistle or pipe. 12. 
The English name of the mineral called by the Germans 
tungsten or wolfram. — 13. Among fowlers, the noise or cry 
of a fowl, or a pipe to call birds, by imitating their voice. — 
14. In legislative bodies, the call of the house, is a calling 
over the names of the members, to discover who is absent, 
or for other purpose. 

CALLED, pp. Invited ; summoned ; addressed ; named ; 
appointed ; invoked *, assembled by order ; recited. 

CALL'ER, 71. One who calls. 

t C.4 lL'LET, or t CAL'LAT, n. A trull, or a scold. Shak. 

f CAL'LET, V. i. To rail ; to scold. 

|CAL'LI-CO. See Calico. 

CAL-LID'I-TY, 71. [L. calliditas.] Craftiness. Cockeram. 

CAL-LIG'RA-PHY. See Caligraphy. B. Jonson. 

CALL'ING, ppr. Inviting ; summoning ; naming ; address- 
ing ; invoking. 

CALL'ING, n. 1. A naming, or inviting; a reading over 
or reciting in order, or a call of names with a view to ob- 
tain an answer, as in legislative bodies. 2. Vocation ; 
profession ; trade ; usual occupation, or employment. 3. 
Class of persons engaged in any profession or employ- 
ment. 4. Divine summons, vocation, or invitation. 

CAL'LI-0-PE, n. In pagan mythology, the muse that pre- 
sides over eloquence and heroic poetry. 

CAL'LI-PERS. See Caliber. 

CAL-LOS'I-TY, 71. [Fr. callosite.'^ Hardness, or bony hard- 
ness ; the hardness of the cicatrix of ulcers. 

CAL'LOT. See Calotte. 

CAL'LOUS, a. [L. callus.] 1. Hard ; hardened ; indurat- 
ed. 2. Hardened in mind ; insensible ; unfeeling. 

CAL'LOUS-LY, adv. In a hardened or unfeeling manner. 

CAL'LOUS-NESS, n. Hardness, induration, applied to the 
body ^ insensibility, applied to the mind or heart. 

CAL'LoW, a. [Ir. calbh ; L. calvus.] Destitute of feath- 
ers ; naked ; unfledged ; as a young bird. 

CAL'LUS, n. [L.] Any cutaneous, corneous or bony hard- 
ness, but generally the new growth of osseous matter, be- 
tween the extremities of fractured bones, serving to unite 
them ; also, a hardness in the skin. 

CAIjM, (Cam) a. [Fr. calme.] 1. Still ; quiet ; being at 
rest, as the air ; not stormy or tempestuous. 2. Undis- 
turbed ; not agitated. 3. Undisturbed by passion ; not 
agitated or excited ; quiet ; tranquil ; as the mind, tem- 
per, or attention. 

CALM, (Cim) n. Stillness; tranquillity; quiet; freedom 
from motion, agitation, or disturbance. 

CALM, (Cam) v. t. To still ; to quiet ; as the wind, or ele- 
ments ; to still, appease, allay or pacify, as the mind, 
or passions. 

CALM'ER, (cam'er) n. The person or thing that calms, or 
has the power to still, and make quiet ; that which allays 
or pacifies. 

CALM'ING, (Cam'ing) ppr. Stilling ; appeasing. 

CALM'LY, (cam'ly) adv. In a quiet manner ; without 
disturbance, agitation, tumult, or violence ; without pas- 
sion ; quietly. 


CALM'NESS, (Cim'nes) n. 1. (Quietness ; stillness j tran 
quillity. 2. Quietness; mildness; unruffled state. 

CALM'Y, (Cim'y) a. Calm ; quiet; peaceable. Cozrley. 

CAL'O-MEL, n. A preparation of mercury, much used in 
medicine. 

CA-LOR'IC, 71. [L. calor, heat.] The principle or matter 
of heat, or the simple element of heat. 

CA-LOR'IC, a. Pertaining to the matter of heat. 

CAL-O-RIF'IC, a. That has the quality of producing heat ; 
causing heat ; heating. 

CAL-O-RIM'E-TER, 71. [L. caZor, and Gr. /icrpoj/.] An ap- 
paratus for measuring relative quantities of heat, or the 
specific caloric of bodies. 

CAL'O-RI-MO-TOR, n. [caloric, and Ij. motor.] A galvan- 
ic instrument, in which the calorific influence or effects 
are attended by scarcely any electrical power. 

UA-LOTTE', or CA-LoTE', 7i. [Fr. calotte.] A cap or coif 
of hair, satin or other stuff’. 

CA-LOY'ERS, or CALOGERI, n. Monks of the Greek 
church, of three orders. 

CALP, 77. A subspecies of carbonate of lime. 

UAL'TROP, n. [Sax. coltrceppe.] 1. A kind of thistle, the 
Latin tribulus. 2. In military affairs, an instrument with 
four iron points disposed in a triangular form, so that, three 
of them being on the ground, the other points upward, to 
wound horses’ feet. 

UAL'U-MET, 77. Among the aboriginals of America, a pipe 
used for smoking tobacco. 

GA-LUM'NI-ATE, v. t. To accuse or charge one falsely 
and knowingly with some crime, offense, or something 
disreputable ; to slander. 

€A-LUM'NI-ATE, v. i. To charge falsely and knowingly 
with a crime or offense ; to propagate evil reports with a 
design to injure the reputation of another. 

GA-LUM'Nl-A-TED, pp. Slandered ; falsely and malicious- 
ly accused of what is criminal, immoral or disgraceful. 

GA-LUM'Nl-A-TING, ppr. Slandering. 

UA-LUM-NI-a'TION, 71. False accusation of a crime or of- 
fense, or a malicious and false representation of the words 
or actions of another, with a view to injure his good name. 

€A-LUM'NI-A-TOR, n. One who slanders ; me who ma- 
liciously propagates false accusations or reports. 

€A-LUM'NI-A-TO-RY, a. Slanderous. 

UA-LUM'NI-OUS, a. Slanderous ; bearing or implying cal- 
umny ; injurious to reputation. 

CA-LUM'NI-OUS-LY, adv. Slanderously. 

€A-LUM'NI-OUS-NESS, n. Slanderousness. 

€AL'UM-NY, 77. [L. calumnia.] Slander ; false accusation 
of a crime or offense, maliciously made or reported. 

GAL'VA-RY, 77. [L. calvaria.] 1. A place of skulls ; par- 
ticularly, the place where Christ was crucified. — 2. In her- 
aldry, a cross so called, set upon steps. 

CALVE, (civ) V. i. [Sax. calfian.] 1. To bring forth young, 
as a cow. — 2. In a metaphorical sense, to bring forth ; to 
produce. 

CALVES'-SNOUT, n. A plant, snap-dragon, antirrhinum. 

f CALV'ER, V. t. To cut in slices. B. Jonson, 

fCALV'ER, V. i. To shrink by cutting, and not fall to 
pieces. 

CAL'VILLE, 77. [Fr.] A sort of apple. 

CAL'VIN-ISM, 77. The theological tenets or doctrines of 
Calvin. 

CAL'VIN-IST, 77. A follower of Calvin ; one who em- 
braces the theological doctrines of Calvin . 

CAL-VIN-IST'IC, ) a. Pertaining to Calvin, or to his 

€AL-VIN-IST'I-€AL, ) opinions in theology. 

CALV'ISH, (c’av'ish) a. Like a calf. [More properly, calf- 
is/7.] Sheldon. 

CALX, 77. ; plu. Calxes, or Calces. [L.] Properly, lime 
or chalk ; but more appropHately, the substance of a metal 
or mineral which remains after being subjected to violent 
heat, or solution by acids. 

CA-LYC'I-NAL, } a. Pertaining to a calyx ; situated on a 

CAL'Y-CINE, S calyx. 

CAL'Y-CLE, 77. [L. calyculus.] In botany, a row of small 
leaflets, at the base of the calyx, on the outside. 

CA-LYC'U-LATE, or CAL'Y-CLED, a. Having a calycle 
at the base on the outside. 

CA-LYP'TER, 77. [Gr. Ka\vKTri^.] The calyx of mosses, ac- 
cording to Linne. 

Ca^LYX, 77. ; plu. Calyxes. [L. calyx.] The outer cov- 
ering of a flower. 

CAL-ZOONS', 77. [Sp. caltones.] Drawers. [JVbi Eng- 
lish.] Herbert. ^ 

CA-Ma'IEU. See Cameo. 

CAM'BER, -77. [Fr. cambrer.] Among builders, cumber or 
camber-beam is a piece of timber cut archwise, used in 
platforms. 

CAM'BER-ING, ppr. or a. Bending ; arched. 

CAM'BIST, 77. [It. cambista.] A banker ; one who deals 
in notes and bills of exchange. Christ. Obs. 

CAMB'LET. See Camlet. 

CaM'BRIC, 77. A species of fine white linen, made of flax, 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, t), "Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — f Obsolete. 


CAN 


CAM 119 


said to be named from Cambray^ in Flanders, where it was 
first manufactured. 

CAME, pret. of come^ which see. 

CAME, n. A slender rod of cast lead, of which glaziers 
make their turned lead. 

CAM'EL, n. [ L. camelus,'\ 1. A large quadruped used in 
Asia and Africa for carrying burdens, and for riders. 2. 
In Holland^ camel, [or kameelj as Coze writes it,] is a 
machine for lifting ships. 

CAM'EL-BACKED, a. Having a back like a camel. 

CA-Me'LE-ON MIN'E-RAL [Sec Chameleon.] A com- 
pound of pure potash and black oxyd of manganese. 

* CAM'EL-O-PARl), n. [L. camelus and pardalis.] The 
giraff”, a species constituting the genus Camelopardalis. 

CAM'E-LOT. SccCami.et. 

€AM'E-0, €A-Ma' 1FU, or €A-Ma'YEU, n. [ft. cammeo , 
Fr. camayeu.^ A peculiar sort of onyx. 

CAM'E-RA OB-SCU'RA, or dark chamber^ in optics, an 
apparatus representing an artificial eye, in which the 
images of external objects, received through a double con- 
vex glass, are exhibited distinctly, and in their native 
colors, on a white matter, placed within the machine, in 
the focus of the glass. 

CAM'E-RADE, n. [L. camera.] One who lodges or resides 
in the same apartment ; now comrade. 

CAM-ER-A-LIS'TIC, a. Pertaining to finance and public 
revenue. 

CAM-ER-A-LIS'TICS, n. [G. cameralist.] The science of 
finance, or public revenue. 

CAM'ER-ATE, V. i. [L. camcro.] To vault; to ceil. [L.u.] 

CAM'ER-A-TED, a. [L. camcralus.] Arched ; vaulted. 

CAM-ER-a'TION, 71. An arching or vaulting. 

CAMTS, n. [It. camice,] A thin dress. [JVbi English.] 

CAM-IS-aDE', 11 . [Fr.J An attack by surprise, at night or 
at break of day, when the enemy is supposed to be in bed. 

CAM'IS-A-TED, a. Dressed with a shirt outwards. Johnson. 

CAM'LET, n. [from camel ; sometimes written camelot 
and camblet.] A stuff originally made of camel’s hair. 
It is now made sometimes of wool, sometimes of silk, 
sometimes of hair, especially that of goals, with wool or 
silk. 

€AM'LET-ED, a. Colored or veined. Herbert. 

CAM'MOC, n. [Sax. ca777?noc, or ca77i?«ec.] A plant, petty 
whin or rest-harrow, ononis. 

€AM'0-MlLE, 71. [Fr. camomille.] A genus of plants, an- 
tliemis, of many species. 

CAM'OUS, or CA-MOYS^, a. [Fr. camus.] Flat ; depressed ; 
applied only to the nose, and little used. 

CAM'OUSED, a. Depressed ; crooked. Ben Jonson. 

CAM'OUS-LY, adv. Awry. Skelton. 

CAMP, 71 . [L. campus ; Fr. camp and champ. 1 1. The 

ground on which an army pitch their tents. 2. The order 
or arrangement of tents, or disposition of an army, for 
rest. 3. An army. Hume. 

CAMP, V. t. or i. To rest or lodge, as an army, usually 
in tents ; to pitch a camp ; to fix tents j but seldom used. 
See Encamp. 

CAMP'-FiGHT, 71. In law writers, a trial by duel, or the 
legal combat of two champions. 

CAM-PaIGN^, ) (kam-pane') n. [Fr. campagne.] 1. An 

CAM-PaIN', i open field ; a large, open plain ; an ex- 
tensive tract of ground without considerable hills. [Sec 
Champaign.] 2. The time that an army keeps the field, 
either in action, marches, or in camp, without entering 
into winter quarters. 

CAM-PaIGN', V. i. To serve in a campaign. 

CAM-PaIGN'ER, (kam-pa'ner) n. One who has served in 
an army several campaigns ; an old soldier ; a veteran. 

CAM-Pa'NA, 71. [L.] The pasque-flower. 

CAM-Pa'NI-A. The same as campaign. 

CAM-PANff-FORM, a. [L. campana.] In the shape of a 
bell ; applied to flowers. 

CAM-PA-NOL'O-GY, n. [L. campana.] The art of ringing 
bells. 

CAM-PAN'U-LA,7i. [L.j The bell-flower. 

CAM-PAN'U-LATE, a. [L. campanula.] In the form of a 
bell. 

CAM-PeACH'Y-WOOD, 11 , From Campeachy, in Mexico. 
See Logwood. 

CAM-PES'TRAL, ) a. [flu. campestris.] Pertaining to an 

CAM-PES'TRI-AN, | open field ; growing in a field or 
open ground. 

CAM'PHOR, n. properly cafor. [Low L. camphora ; Fr. 
camphre.] A solid, concrete juice or exudation, from the 
laurus camphora, ox Indian laurel-tree. It has a bitterish, 
aromatic taste, and a very fragrant smell, and is a power- 
ful diaphoretic. 

CAM'PHOR, V. t. To impregnate or wash with camphor. 
[Little used.] 

CAM'PHO-RATE, 71. In chemistry, a compound of the acid 
of camphor, with different bases. 

CAM'PHO-RATE, a. Pertaining to camplior, or impreg- 
nated with it. 

CAM'PHO-RA-TED, a. Impregnated with camphor. 


CAM-PHOR'IC, a. Pertaining to camphor.’ 

CAM'PIIOR-OIL. See Camphor-tree. 

€AM'PHOR-TREE, n. The tree from which camphor is 
obtained, found in Borneo and Japan. 

CAM-PIL'LA, 71. A plant of a new genus, used by dyers. 

CAMP'ING, ppr. Encamping. 

CAMP'ING, 71. A playing at football. Bryant. 

CAMP'I-ON, 11 . A plant, the popular name of the lychnis. 

CAM'US, or CAM'IS, 71. [L. caiaLa.] A thin dress. [JVbfi 
English.] Spenser. 

CAN, 71 . [D. kan ; Sax. canna.] A cup or vessel for liquors 

CAN, V. i. pret. could, which is from another root. [See 
Could.] [Sax. cunnan. to know, to be able ; Dan. kan, 
to be able.] To be able ; to have sufiicient moral or 
physical power, or capacity. 

fCAN, r. t. To know. Spenser. 

CAN'- BUOY, 7 ?. In seamanship, a buoy in form of a cone. 

€AN'-IIOOK, n. An instrument to sling a cask by the ends 
of its staves. 

CA-Na'DI-AN, a. Pertaining to Canada. 

CA-Na'DI-AN, n. An inhabitant or native of Canada. 

CA-NAILTiE', 77 . [Fr. ca7tai7Ze.] The coarser part of meal; 
hence, the lowest people ; lees ; dregs ; offscouring. 

CAN'A-KIN, n. A little can or cup. Shak. 

CA-NAL', n. [L. canalis.] 1. A passage for water ; a 
water-course ; jrroperly, a long trench or excavation in 
the earth for conducting water, and confining it to narrow 
limits ; but the term may be applied to other water- 
courses. — 2. In anatomy, a duct or passage in the body of 
an animal, through which any of the juices flow, or other 
substances pass. 3. A surgical instrument ; a splint. 

* CA-NAL'-CoAL. See Cannel-coal. 

CAN-A-LIC'U-LATE, ) a. [L. canaliculatus .] Channel- 

CAN-A-LIC'U-LA-TED, i ed ; furrowed. In botany, 
having a deep longitudinal groove above, and convex un- 
derneath. 

CA-Na'RY, 11 . 1. Wine made in the Canary isles. 2. An 
old dance. — Shakspeare has used the word as a verb in a 
kind of cant phrase. 

CA-Na'RY, 77. i. To dance ; to frolic. 

CA-Na'RY-BiRD, 11 . A singing bird from the Canary isles, 
a species of fringilla. 

CA-NA'RY-GRASS,n. A plant, ihephalaris. 

CAN'CEL, 77 . t. [Fr. canceller.] 1. To cross the lines of a 
writing, and deface them ; to blot out or obliterate. 2. 
To annul, or destroy ; as, to cancel an obligation or a debt. 

fCAN'CEL, 77. i. To become obliterated. Cowley. 

€AN'CE-LA-TED, a. [L. cancellatus.] Cross-barred ; mark- 
ed with cross lines. 

CAN-CE-LA'TION, n. The act of defacing by cross lines ; 
a canceling. 

CAN'CELED, pp. Crossed ; obliterated ; annulled. 

CAN'CEL-ING, ppr. Crossing ; obliterating ; annulling. 

CAN'CER, n. [L. cancer ; Sax. cancre.] 1. The crab, or 
crab-fish. — 2. In astronomy, one of the twelve signs of 
the zodiac, the sign of the summer solstice, represented 
by the form of a crab. — 3. In medicine, a roundish, hard, 
unequal, scirrous tumor of the glands, which usually ul- 
cerates, is very painful, and generally fatal. 

CAN'CER-ATE, v. i. To grow into a cancer ; to become 
cancerous. 

CAN-CER-a'TION, 71. A growi^ig cancerous, or into a 
cancer. 

CAN'PER-OUS, a. Like a cancer ; having the qualities of 

CAN'CER-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being cancerous. 

CAN'CRI-FORM, a. 1. Cancerous. 2. Having the form 
of a cancer or crab. 

CAN'CRiNE, a. Having the qualities of a crab. 

CAN'CRITE, 11 . A fossil or petrified crab. 

CAN'DENT, a. [L. candens.] Very hot ; heated to white- 
ness ; glowing with heat. 

CAN'DI-CANT, a. Growing white. Diet. 

CAN'DID, a. [L. Candidas. ] 1. White. Drydeii. [But in 
this sense rarely used.] 2. Fair; open; frank; ingenu- 
ous ; free from undue bias ; disposed to think and judge 
according to truth and justice, or without partiality or 
prejudice. 3. Fair; just; impartial. 

CAN'DI-DATE, n. [L. candidatus.] 1. A man who seeks 
or aspires to an office. 2. One who is in contemplation 
for an office, or for preferment. 3. One who, by his ser- 
vices or actions, will or may justly obtain preferment or 
reward, or whose conduct tends to secure it. 4. A man 
who is qualified, according to the rules of the church, to 
preach the gospel, and take the charge of a parish or reli- 
gious society, and proposes to settle in the ministry. U. 
States. 5. One who is in a state of trial or probation. 

t CAN'DI-DATE, 77. t. To render fit as a candidate. Felt- 
ham . 

CAN'DID-LY, ado. Openly ; frankly ; without trick or 
disguise ; ingenuously. 

CAN'DID-NESS, n. Openness of mind ; frankness ; fair- 
ness ; ingenuousness. 

CAN'DIED, pp. or a. Preserved with sugar, or incrusted 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this f Obsolete. 


CAN 


CAN 120 


with it ; covered with crystals of sugar or Ice, or with 
matter resembling them. 

CAN'DI-FY, V. t. To make white, or candid. 

CAN'DI-FY, V. i. To become candid. 

CAN'DLE, n. [L., Sp., It., candela.] 1. A long, but small 
cylindrical body of tallow, wax or spermaceti, formed on 
a wick, used for a portable light of domestic use. 2. A 
liglit. 3. A light j a luminary. 

CAN'DLE-BER-RY-TREE, ?i. The myrica cerifera^ or 
wax-bearing myrtle. 

CAN'DLE-RoMB, n. A small glass bubble, filled with wa- 
ter, placed in the wick of a candle, where it bursts with 
a report. 

CAN'l)LE-HOLD-ER, n. A person that holds a candle. 

CAN'DLE-LiGHT, ?i. The light of a candle j the necessary 
candles for use. 

€AiV'DLE-MAS, n. [candle and mass ; Sax. mcessa ; can- 
dle-feast.] The feast of the church, celebrated on the sec- 
ond day of February, in honor of the purification of the 
Virgin Mary ; so called from the great number of lights 
used on that occasion. 

€AX'I)LE-STI€K, n. [Sax. candel-sticca.] An instrument 
or utensil to hold a candle. 

CAN'DLE-STUFF, n. A material of which candles are 
made, as tallow, wax, &c. 

EAN'DLE-WAS'TER, n. One who wastes or consumes 
candles ; a hard student ; a spendthrift. Shak. 

€AN'DLES-ENDS, n. Scraps : fragments. 

€AN'DO€, n. A plant or weed that grows in rivers. 

€AN'DOR, n. [L. candor.] Openness of heart ; frankness ; 
ingenuousness of mind ; a disposition to treat subjects 
with fairness : freedom from tricks or disguise 5 sincerity. 

OAN'DY, V. t. [It. candire.] 1. To conserve or dress with 
sugar ; to boil in sugar. 2. To form into congelations or 
crystals. 3. To cover or incrust with congelations, or 
crystals of ice. 

€AN'DY, V. i. To form into crystals, or become congealed ; 
to take on the form of candied sugar. 

OAN'DY-ING, ppr. Conserving with sugar. 

€AN'DY-ING, n. The act of preserving simples tn sub- 
stance, by boiling them in sugar. 

€AK'DY-LI'ON’S-FOOT, n. A plant. Miller. 

€AN'DY-TUFTS, n. 1. A plant, the iberis. 2. A Cretan 
flower. 

CAN'DY-TIJFT-TREE, n. A plant. Chambers. 

CANE, n. [L. canna.] 1. In botany, this term is applied 
to several species of plants. [See Sugar-cane.] 2. A 
walking-stick. 3. A lance or dart made of cane. Dryden. 
4. A long measure, in several countries of Europe. 

CANE, V. t. To beat with a cane or walking-stick. 

CANE'-BRAKE, n. A thicket of canes. 

CANE'-HOLE, n. A hole or trench for planting the cut- 
tings of cane, on sugar plantations. 

CANE'-TRASH, n. Refuse of canes. 

CA-NESCENT, a. [L. canescens.] Growing white or 
hoary. 

CA-NIC'U-LA, or CA'NI-CULE, n. [L. canicula.] A star 
in the constellation of Canis Major, called also the dog- 
star, or Sirius. 

CA-NIC'U-LAR, a. [L. canicularis.] Pertaining to the 
dog-star. 

CA-NINE', a. [L. cani7i?m[] Pertaining to dogs •, having the 
properties or qualities of a dog ; as, a canine appetite, in- 
satiable hunger; canine madness, or hydrophobia. — Ca- 
nine teeth are two sharp-pointed teeth in each jaw of an 
animal, one on each side, between the incisors and grind- 
ers ; so named from their resemblance to a dog’s teeth. 

CANNING, n. A beating with a stick or cane. 

CAN'IS-TER, 11 . [L. canistrum.] Properly, a small basket, 
as in Dryden ; but more generally, a small box or case, for 
tea, coffee, &c. 

CANK'ER, n. [L. cancer ; Sax. cancere, or cancre.] 1. A 
disease incident to trees, which causes the bark to rot and 
fall. 2. A popular name of certain small eroding ulcers 
in the mouth, particularly of children. 3. A virulent, 

xorroding ulcer; or any thing that corrodes, corrupts, 
or destroys. 4. An eating, corroding, virulent humor ; 
corrosion. 5. A kind of rose, the dog-rose. — 6. In far- 
riery, a running thrush of the worst kind ; a disease in 
horses’ feet. 

€ANK'ER, V. t. 1. To eat, corrode, corrupt, consume, in 
the manner that a cancer affects the body. 2. To infect, 
or pollute. 

CANK'ER, V. i. To grow corrupt ; to decay, or waste away 
by means of any noxious cause ; to grow rusty, or to be 
oxydized, as a metal. 

€ANK'ER-BIT, a. Bitten with a cankered or envenomed 
tooth. Shak. 

CANK'ERED, pp. 1. Corrupted. 2. a. Crabbed ; uncivil. 
Spenser. 

CANK ER-ED-LY, adv. Crossly ; adversely. 

CANK'ER-FLY, n. A fly that preys on fruit. 

CANK'ER-LIKE, a. Eating or corrupting like a canker. 

CANK'ER-OUS, a. Corroding like a canker. 


CANK'ER-WORM, n. A worm, destructive to trees or 
plants. In America, this name is given to a worm 
that, in some years, destroys the leaves and fruit of ap- 
ple-trees. 

CANK'ER-Y, a. Rusty. 

CAN'NA-BINE, a. [L. cannabinus,] Pertaining to hemp 
hempen. 

* CAN'NEL-CoAL, or CAN'DLE-CoAL, n, A hard, 
opake, inflammable fossil coal of a black color, sufficient- 
ly solid to be cut and polished. 

€AN'NE-aUIN, 71. White cotton cloth from the East In- 
dies, suitable for the Guinea trade. 

CAN'NI-BAL, n. A human being that eats human flesh j a 
man-eater, or anthropophagite. 

€AN'NI-BAL-ISM, n. 1. The act or practice of eating hu- 
man flesh, by mankind. 2. Murderous cruelty ; barbar- 
ity. 

CAN'NI-BAL-LY, adv. In the manner of a cannibal. Shak. 

CAN'NI-PERS. See Callipers. 

CAN'NON, n. [Fr. canon.] A large military engine for 
throwing balls, and other instruments of death, by the 
force of gunpowder. 

CAN-NON-ADE', n. The act of discharging cannon and 
throwing balls, for the purpose of destroying an army, 01 
battering a town, ship, or fort. 

CAN-NON-ADE', v. t. To attack with heavy artillery ; to 
batter with cannon-shot. 

CAN-NON-aDE', V. i. To discharge cannon ; to play with 
large guns. 

CAN'NON-BALL, n. A ball, usually made of cast-iron, to 
be thrown from cannon. — Cannon-bullet, of the like signi- 
fication, is not now used. 

CAN-NON-EER', ) n. A man who manages cannon ; an en- 

CAN-NON-IeR', J gineer. 

CAN'NON-ING, 11 . The noise as it were of a cannon. 
Brewer. 

CAN'NON-PROOF, a. Proof against cannon-shot. 

CAN'NON-SHOT, 71. A ball for cannon ; also, the range or 
distance a cannon will throw a ball. 

CAN'NOT, [can and not.] These words are usually united, 
but perhaps without good reason ; canst and not are never 
united. 

CAN'NU-LAR, a. [L. canna.] Tubular ; having the form 
of a tube. 

CA-NOE', (ka-noo') n. [Fr. canot ; Sp. canoa.] 1. A boat 
formed of the body or trunk of a tree excavated. 2. A 
boat made of bark or skins, used by savages. 

CAN'ON, 71. [Sax., Fr., Sp., Port, canon.] 1. In ecclesias- 
tical affairs, a law, or rule of doctrine or discipline. 2. A 
law or rule in general. 3. The genuine books of the Holy 
Scriptures, called the sacred canon. 4. A dignitary of the 
cliurch. Regular canons live in monasteries or in com- 
munity, and to the practice of their rules have added the 
profession of vows. — 5. In 7nonasteries, a book containing 
the rules of the order. 6. A catalogue of saints canon- 
ized. 7. The secret words of the mass from the preface 
to the Pater. — 8. In ancient music, a rule or method for 
determining the intervals of notes. — 9. In modern music, 
a kind of perpetual fugue, in which the different parts, 
beginning one after another, repeat incessantly the same 
air. Busby. — 10. In geometry and algebra, a general rule 
for the solution of cases of a like nature with the present 
inquiry. Every last step of an equation is a canon. — 11. 
In pharmacy, a rule for compounding medicines. — 12. In 
surgery, an instrument used in sewing up wounds. — 
Canon-law is a collection of ecclesiastical laws, serving 
as the rule of church government. 

€AN'0N-B1T, n. That part of a bit let into a horse’s 
mouth. 

€AN'ON-ESS, 71. A woman who enjoys a prebend, affixed, 
by the foundation, to maids, without obliging them to 
make any vows, or renounce the world. 

€A-NON'IG, a. Canonical. 

CA-NON'I-CAL, a. [L. canonicus.] Pertaining to a canon ; 
according to the canon or rule. — Canonical books, or canon- 
ical Scriptures, are those books of the Scriptures which are 
admitted, by the canons of the church, to be of divine ori- 
gin. 

CA-NON'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a manner agreeable to the 
canon. 

€A-NON'I-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being canonical. 

€A-NON'I-€ALS, n. plu. The full dress of the clergy, 
worn when they officiate. 

CA-NONT-CATE, 71. The office of a canon. 

CAN'ON-IST, 71. A professor of canon law ; one skilled in 
the study and practice of ecclesiastical law. 

€AN-0N-1ST'I€, a. Having the knowledge of a canonist. 

CAN-ON-I-Za'TION, 71. 1. The act of declaring a man a 
saint, or the act of ranking a deceased person in the cata- 
logue o^saints. 2. The state of being sainted. 

€AN'ON-IZE, V. t. To declare a man a saint, and rank him 
in the catalogue called a canon. 

€AN'ON-RY, ) n. An ecclesiastical benefice in a cathe- 

€AN'ON-SHIP, I dral or collegiate church. 


* Se» Sijnopsis. A, E, T, O, 0, Y, FAR, FALL, WH^T ;—PRSY PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — f Obsolete. 


CAN 


121 


CAP 


CAN'O-PIED, fit. Covered with a canopy. 

CAN^O-PY', n. [Gr. /cwvwrretov.] 1. A covering over a 
throne, or over a bed ; more generally^ a covering over 
the head. — 2. In architecture and sculpture, a magnificent 
decoration, serving to cover and crown an altar, throne, 
tribunal, pulpit, chair, or the like. 

GAiV'O-PY, V. t. To cover with a canopy. 

CA-NQ'ROUS, a. [L. canorus.] Musical ; tuneful. 
CA-No'ROUS-NESS, n. Musicalness. 

CANT, V. t. [L. canto.l 1. In popular usage, to turn about, 
or to turn over, by a sudden push or thrust ; as, to cant 
over a cask. Mar. Diet. 2. To toss. 3. To speak with 
a whining voice, or an affected, singing tone. [In this 
sense it is usually intransitive.] 4. To sell by auction, or 
to bid a price at auction. Swift. 

CANT, n. 1. A toss ; a throw, thrust, or push, with a sud- 
den jerk. 2. A whining, singing manner of speech ; a 
quaint, affected mode of uttering words, either in conver- 
sation or preaching. 3. The whining speech of beggars, 
as in asking alms, and making complaints of their dis- 
tresses. 4. The peculiar words and phrases of profes- 
sional men ; phrases often repeated, or not well author- 
ized. 5. Any barbarous jargon in speecli. 6. Whining 
pretension to goodness. 7. Outcry, at a public sale of 
goods ; a call for bidders at an auction. 

CANT, 71. [D. leant.] A niche ; a corner, or retired place. 
CAN-Ta'BRI-AN, a. Pertaining to Cantabria. 
CANQ^A-LIV-ER, ?i. [cantle and eaves.] In architecture, 
a piece of wood, framed into the front or side of a house, 
to suspend the molding and eaves over it. 

C \N*TA-RO j eastern weight. 

CAN-Ta'TA, n. [It.] A poem set to music ; a composition 
or song, intermixed with Tecitatives and airs, chiefly in- 
tended for a single voice. 
fCAN-TA'TION, n. A singing. 

CAN-TEEN', 71. [It. cantina.] A tin vessel used by soldiers 
for carrying liquor for drink. 

CAN'TE-LEUP, 7t. A variety ofmuskmelon. 

CANT'ER, V. i. [Arm. cantreal.] To move as a horse in a 
moderate gallop, raising the two fore feet nearly at the 
same time, with a leap or spring. 

CANT'ER, V. t. To ride upon a canter. 

CANT'ER, 71. 1. A moderate gallop. 2. One who cants, or 
whines. 

C ANT'ER-BUR-Y-BELL, (kan'ter-ber-re-beP) n. A species 
of campanula. See Bell-flower. 
CAiNT'ER-BUR-Y-GAL'LOP, n. The gallop of a horse, 
commonly called a canter ; said to be derived from the 
pilgrims riding to Canterbury on easy, ambling horses. 
CANT'ER-BUR-Y TALE, n. A fabulous story j so called 
from the tales of Chaucer. 

CANT'ER-ING, ppr. Moving or riding with a slow gal- 
lop. 

CAN-TIIART-DIN, n. That peculiar substance existing in 
the meloe vesicatorius, or cantharides, which causes vesi- 
cation. 

CAN-THa'RIS, or plu. CAN-TIIAR'I-DE.‘S, n. [Gr. KavOa- 
pt?.] Spanish flies ; a species of meloe. 

CANTII'US, 11 . [Gr. KavOog.] An angle of the eye ; a cavity 
at the extremities of the eyelids. 

CAN'TI-GLE, n. [Sp. and It. cantico.] 1. A song. — In the 
plural, Canticles^ the Song of Songs, or Song of Solomon. 
2. A cjinto ; a division of a song ; [oi^.] 
CAN'TI-LIV-ERS, n. Pieces of wood framed into the front 
or sides of a house, to sustain the molding over it. Moxon. 
CAN'TIL-LATE, v. t. [L. cantillo.] To chant ; to recite 
with musical tones. M. Stuart. 

CAN-TIL-La'TION, 77. A chanting; recitation with mu- 
sical modulations. 

CANT'ING, ppr. 1. Throwing with a sudden jerk ; toss- 
ins. 2. Speaking with a whine or song-like tone. 
CANT'ING-LY, adv. With a cant. 
tCAN'TION, n. A song or verses. Spenser. 
tCAN'TLE, 77. [Ann. chantcll ; Fr. chanteau.] A frag- 
mejit ; a piece ; a portion. Shale. 
t CAN'TLE, v. t. To cut into pieces ; to cut out a piece. 

C VNT'LET, 77. A piece ; a little corner ; a fragment. 

CAN TO, 77. [It.] A part or division of a poem, answering 
to what, in prose, is called a book. In Italian, canto is a 
song, and it signifies, also, the treble part, fii-st treble, or 
highest vocal part. 

CAN'TON, 77. [It. cantone.] 1. A small portion of land, 
or division of territory ; also, the inlnibitants of a canton. 

2. A small portion or district of territory, constituting a 
distinct state or government ; as in Switzerland. — 3. In 
heraldry, a corner of the shield. 4. A distinct part or di- 
vision. 

GAN'TON, 77. t. [Sp. Gca77to77ar.] 1. To divide into small 
parts or districts, as territory. 2. To allot separate quar- 
ters to each regiment of an army or body of troops. 
€AN'TON-AL, a. Pertaining to a canton ; divided into 
cantons. 


GAN'TONED, pp. Divided into distinct parts or quarters ; 

lodged in distinct quarters, as troops. 

GAN'TON-ING, ppr. Dividing into distinct districts ; allot- 
ting separate quarters to each regiment. 

GAN'TON-iZE, v. t. To canton, or divide into small dis- 
tricts. Davies. 

GAN'TON-MENT, n. A part or division of a town or vil- 
lage, assigned to a particular regiment of troops ; separate 
quarters. 

GAN TRED, ) n. [L. centum,] A hundred villages, as in 
GAN'TREF, \ Wales. 

GAN'TY, a. In the north of England, cheerful, talkative. 
GAN'VAS, 77. [Fr. canevas.] 1. A coarse cloth, made of 
hemp or flax, used for tents, sails of sliips, painting, and 
other purposes. 2. A clear, unbleached cloth, wove reg- 
ularly in little squares, used for working tapestry with 
the needle. — 3. Among the French, the rough draught or 
model on which an air or piece of music is composed, and 
given to a poet to finish. — 4. Among seamen, cloth in 
sails, or sails in general. 

GAN'VAS-GLiMB'ER, n. A sailor that goes aloft to handle 
sails. Shak. 

GxAN'VASS, V. t. [Old Fr. cannahasser .] 1. To discuss 

2. To examine returns of votes ; to search or scrutinize. 
GAN'VASS, V. i. To seek, or go about to solicit votes or in- 
terest ; to use efforts to obtain ; to make interest in favor 
of. 

GAN'VASS, 77. 1. Examination ; close inspection to know 
the state of. 2. Discussion ; debate. 3. A seeking, soli- 
citation, or efforts to obtain. 

GAN'VASSED, pp. Discussed ; examined. 

GAN'VASS-ER, n. 1. One who solicits votes, or goes about 
to make interest. 2. One who examines the returns of 
votes for a public officer. 

GAN'VASS-ING, ppr. Discussing ; examining ; sifting ; 
seeking. 

GAN'VASS-ING, n. The act of discussing, examining, or 
making interest. 

Ga'NY, a. Consisting of cane, or abounding with canes. 
GAN'ZONE, 77. [It.] A song or air in two or three parts, 
with passages of fugue and imitation. 

GAN'ZO-NET, n. [It. canzonetta.] A little or short song, 
in one, two or three parts. 

GA-OUT'CHOUG, n. The Indian name of gum-elastic, or 
Indian rubber, a substance produced from the syringe-tree 
in South America. 

GAP, 77. [Sax. cwppe.] 1. A part of dress made to cover 
the head. 2. The ensign of a cardinalate. 3. The top, 
or the uppermost ; the highest. 4. A vessel in form of a 
cap. 5. An act of respect, made by uncovering the head. 
GAP, V. t. 1. To cover the top, or end ; to spread over. 
2. To deprive of the cap, or take off' a cap. — To cap 
verses, is to name alternately verses beginning with a par- 
ticular letter ; to name in opposition or emulation ; to 
name alternately in contest, 
t GAP, V. 7._To uncover the head in reverence or civility. 
GAP-A-PIe'. [Fr.] From head to foot ; all over ; as, arm- 
ed cap-a-pie. 

GAP'-Pa-PER, 77. A coarse paper, used to make caps to 
hold commodities. ^ 

GAP'-SIIeAF, 77. The top sheaf of a stack of grain ; the 
crowner. 

GA-PA-BIL'I-TY, 77. The quality of being capable ; capa- 
city ; capableness. Shak. 

Ga'PA-BLE, a. [Fr. capable.] 1. Able to hold or contain ; 
able to receive ; sufficiently capacious. 2. Endued with 
power competent to the object. 3. Possessing mental 
powers ; intelligent ; able to understand, or receive into 
the mind ; having a capacious mind. 4. Susceptible. 
5. Clualified for ; susceptible of. 6. Ciualified for, in a 
moral sense y having legal pow'er or capacity. 7. Hollow ; 
[oZ»5.] Shak. 

Ga'PA-BLE-NESS, 77. The state or quality of being capa- 
ble ; capacity ; power of understanding ; know’ledge. 
GA-PAC'I-FY, V. t. To qualify. [I/777/5i7aL] 

GA-Pa'CIOUS, a. [L. capax.] 1. Wide ; large ; that w'ill 
liold much. 2. Broad ; extensive. 3. Extensive ; com- 
prehensive ; able to take a wide view. 

GA-Pa'CIOUS-LY, adv. In a wide or capacious manner. 
GA-Pa'CIOUS-NESS, 77. l. VVideness ; largeness ; as of a 
vessel. 2. Extensiveness*; largeness ; as of a bay. 3. 
Comprehensiveness ; power of taking a wnde survey. 
GA-PACM-TATE, V. i. 1. To make capable ; to enable ; 
to furnisli with natural pow'^er. 2. To endue Avith moral 
qualifications ; to qualify ;‘to furnish with legal powers. 
GA-PAC'I-TA-TED, jip. Made capable ; qualified. 
GA-PAC-I-Ta'TION, 77. The act of making capable. 
GA-PAC'I-TY, 77. [L. cajiackas.] 1. PassiA’^e poAver ; the 
poAver of containing or holding ; extent of room or space. 
2. The extent or comprehensiveness of the mind ; the 
poAver of receiving ideas or knoAvledge. 3. Active pow- 
er ; ability. 4. State; condition; character; profession; 
occupation. 5. Ability, in a moral or legal sense ; qual- 
ification ; legal poAver or right. — 6. In geometry, the solid 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SK ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


CAP 


122 


CAP 


contents of a body. — 7. In chemistry y that state, quality 
or constitution of bodies, by which they absorb and con- 
tain, or render latent, any duid. 

CA-P All 1-SON, n. [Sp. caparazon.] A cloth or covering 
laid over the saddle or furniture of a horse. 
€JA-PAR^l-SON, V. t. 1. To cover with a cloth, as a horse. 

2. To dress pompously j to adorn with rich dress. 
€AP'€ASE, n. A covered case. {^Little used.'] 

OAPE, n. [Sp., Port, cabo ; It. capo ,• Fr. cap.] 1. A head- 
land ; properhjy the head, point or termination of a nock 
of land, extending some distance into the sea, beyond the 
common shore. 2. I'lie neck-piece of a cloke or coat. 
€AP^E-LAN, n. A small fish. 

€A-PEL'LA, 71. A bright fixed star in auriga. 

€AP'EL-LET, n. A kind of swelling, like a wen, gr-owing 
on the heel of the hock on a horse, and on the point of the 
elbow. 

Ca'PER, V. i. [Fr. cabrer.] To leap j to skip or jump j to 
prance ; to spring. 

Ca PER, n. A leap j a skip j a spring •, as in dancing or 
mirth, or in the frolick of a goat or lamb. 

€a'PER, 71. [Fr. capre.] The bud of the caper-bush, which 
is much used for pickling. 

Ea'PER-^BUSU. See Caper. 

Ca'PER-CUT'TING, a. Leaping or dancing in a frolick- 
some manner. Bcaum. 

€a PER-ER, 71. One who capers, leaps and skips about, or 
dances. 

CA'PER-ING, ppr. Leaping j skipping. 

Ca Pl-AS, «. [L. capio.] In lawy a writ of two sorts j one 
before judgment, the other after judgment. 

GAP'I-RAR, 71. An animal partaking of the form of a hog 
and of a rabbit, the cabiai. 

€AP-1L-La'CEOUS, a. [L. capillaceus.] Hairy j resem- 
bling a hair. See Capillary. 

€A-PiL-LaIRE', 71. [Fr.] A kind of sirup, extracted from 
maiden-hair. 

CA-PIL LA-MENT, n. [L. capill amentum.] 1. The fila- 
ment, a small fine thread, like a hair, tliat grows in the 
middle of a flower, with a little knob at the top ; a chive. 
2. A fine fibre, or filament, of whicli the nerves are com- 
posed. 

* CAP'lL-LA-RY, a. [L. capillaris.] 1. Resembling a hair, 
fine, minute, small in diameter, though long. — 2. In bot- 
anyy capillary plants are hair-shaped, as the ferns. 

GAP IL-LA-RY, n. A fine vessel or canal. Darwin. 
t CAP-1 L-La'T 10N, 71. A blood-vessel like a hair. 
GA-PIL'LI-FORM, a. [L. capillus and forma.] In the shape 
or form of a hair, or of hairs. 

GAP'l-TAL, a. [L. capitalis.] 1. Literally y pertaining to 
the head. [ This use is not common.] 2. Chief ; principal *, 
first in importance. 3. Punishable by loss of the head or 
of life ; incurring the forfeiture of life *, punishable with 
death. 4. Taking away life, or afiecting life. 5. Great, 
important. 6. Large *, of great size ; as, capital letters. — 
Capital stock is the sum of money or stock which a mer- 
chant, banker or manufacturer employs in his business. 
GAP'l-TAL, 71. [L. capitellum.] The uppermost part of a 
column, pillar or pilaster. — By the customary omission of 
the noun, to which the adjective, capitaly refers, it stands 
for, 1. The chief city or town in a kingdom or state ; a 
metropolis. 2. A large letter or type, in printing. 3. A 
stock in trade, in manufactures, or in any business requir- 
ing the expenditure of money with a view to profit. 
GAPT-TAL-IST, n. A man who has a capital or stock in 
trade. Burke. 

GAP'I-TAL-LY, adv. 1. In a capital manner j nobly j 
finely. 2. With loss of life. 

GAP 1-TAL-NESS, n. A capital offense. 'ILittle xised.] 
GAP*I-TATE, a. [L. capitatus.] In botanyy growing in a 
head, applied to a flower, or stigma. 

GAP-I-Ta'TION, 71. [L. capitatio.] 1. Numeration by the 
head •, a numbering of persons. 2. A tax, or imposition 
upon each head or person j a poll-tax. Sometimes written 
Capitaiion-taz. 

GAP'l-TE. [L. caput.] In English laWy a tenant in capitCy 
or in chief y is one who holds lands immediately of the 
king. 

GAP'l-TOL, 71. [L. capitolium .] 1. The temple of Jupiter, 
in Rome, and a fort, or castjc, on the Mans Capitolinus. 
2. ^’lie edifice occupied by the Congress of the Unitec 
States in their deliberations. In some states^ the state- 
house, or house in which the legislature holds its sessions. 
GAP-l-To'Ll-AN, a. Pertaining to the capitol in Rome. 
GAP'I-TO-LlNE, a. Pertaining to the capitol in Rome. 
GA-PIT'U-LAR, or GA-PIT'U-LA-RY, v. [L. capitxdum.' 
1. An act passed in a chapter, either of knights, canons or 
religious. 2. The body of laws or statutes of a chapter, 
or of an ecclesiastical council. 3. The member of a chap- 
ter. 

GA-PIT'U-LAR-LY, adv. In the form of an ecclesiastical 
chapter. Swift. 

GA-PIT'U-LA-RY, a. Relating to the chapter of a cathe- 
dral. 


GA-PIT'TI-LATE, v i. 1. To draw up a writing in chap- 
ters, heads or articles *, [065.] Shale. 2. To surrender, as 
an army or garrison, to an enemy, by treaty. 
GA-PIT-U-La'TION, 71. 1. The act of capitulating, or sur- 
rendering to an enemy upon stipulated terms. 2. The 
treaty or instrument containing the conditions of surren- 
der. 3. A reducing to heads *, [not xnuch used.] 
GA-PIT'U-Lx\-TOR, 71. One who capitulates, 
t GAP'I-TULE, 71. A summary. Wickliffe. 

GA-Pi'VI, 71. A balsam of the Spanish West-Indies. See 
Copaiba. 

GAP'NO-MAN-CY, 71. [Gr. kutvos and pavreia.] Divina- 
tion by the ascent or motion of smoke. 

GA-PoCIF, 71. [Sp. capucho.] A monk’s hood, 
f G A-PoCH', V. t. Uncertain j perhaps to strip off the hood. 
Hudibras. 

Ga'PON, (ka'pn) n. [Sp. capon.] A castrated cock. 
Ga'PON, v.t. To castrate, as a cock. Birch. 
GAP-ON-N1eRE', 71. [Fr.] In /<7rti;icGtio7», a covered lodg- 
ment, sunk four or five feet into the ground, encompassed 
with a parapet. 

GA-POT', 71. [Fr.] A winning of all the tricks of cards at 
the game of piquet. 

GA-POT', V. t. I’o win all the tricks of cards at piquet. 
GAP'PER, 71. One whose business is to make or sell 
caps. 

GAP'RE-O-LATE, a. [L. capreolus.] In botamjy having 
tendrils, or filiform spiral claspers. 

GA-PRiCE', 71. [Fr. capx'ice.] A sudden start of the mind ; 
a sudden change of opinion, or humor j a whim, freak, 
or particular fancy. 

GA-PRI''CHl-0, 71. Freak •, fancy. Shak. 

GA-PRF'CIOUS, a. Freakish ; whimsical ; apt to change 
opinions suddenly, or to start from one’s purpose *, un- 
steady ; changeable j fickle j fanciful ; subject to change 
or irregularity. 

GA-PRl 'CIOUS-LY, adv. In a capricious manner 5 whim- 
sically. 

GA-PRi 'CIOUS-NESS, 71. 1. The quality of being led by 
caprice ; whimsicalness ; unsteadiness of purpose or opin- 
ion. 2. Unsteadiness j liableness to sudden changes. 
GAP'RI-GORN, 71. [L. capx’icormis .] One of the twelve 
signs of the zodiac, the winter solstice. 
GAP-RI-FI-Ga'TION, 71. [L. caprificatio.] A method of 
ripening figs by means of a gnat or insect that pricks the 
bud. 

GAP'RI-FOLE, 71. [L. caprifolium.] Honeysuckle 5 w'ood- 
bine. Spenser. 

GAP'RI-FORM, a. [L. caper and forma.] HaVing the form 
of a goat. Eel. Rev. 

GAP'Rl-OLE, 71. [Fr., now cabriole ; Sp., Port, cabriola.] 
In the manegey caprioles are leaps that a horse makes in 
the same place without advancing. 

GAP'RI-PED, a. [L. caper and pes.] Having feet like those 
of a goat. 

GAP'SI-GUM, 71. Guinea pepper. Chambers. 

GAP-SIZE', V. t. To upset or overturn j a seaman's phrase. 
Mar. Diet. 

GAP'STAN, 71. sometimes written capstc^Ti. [Fr. caftc^taii.] 
A strong, massy column of timber, formed like a truncated 
cone, and having its upper extremity pierced, to receive 
bars or levers, for winding a rope round it, to raise great 
weights. 

GApIu-LA^Y j ^ chest. 

GAP'SU-LATE, } a. Inclosed in a capsule, or as in a 
GAP'SU-LA-TED, ( chest or box. 

GAP'SULE, 71. [L. capsxda.] 1. The seed-vessel of a plant. 
2. A small saucer made of clay for roasting samples of 
ores for melting them. 

GAP'TAIN, (kap'tin) n. [Fr. capitaine.] 1. Literally y a 
head or chief officer ; appropriately y the military officer 
who commands a company. 2. The commander of a 
ship. 3. The commander of a military band. 4. A man 
skilled in wmr or military affairs. 5. A chief commander. 
Shak. But in this sense rarely used, but in composi- 
tion. 

Captain- O ever al is the commander in chief of an army, or 
of the militia. — Captain-Lieutenant is an officer, who, 
with the rank of captain and pay of lieutenant, com- 
mands a company or troop. — Captain-Bashaw y or Capu- 
dan-BashaWy in Turkey, is the high admiral. 

GAP'TAIN, a. Chief; valiant. Shak. 

GAP'TAIN-CY, n. 1. The rank, post or commission of a 
captain. Washington. 2. The jurisdiction of a captain, 
or commander, as in Soxdh America. 

GAP'TAIN-RY, n. The pow’er or command over a certain 
district ; chieftainship. Spenser. 

Gx\P TAIN-SHIP, n. 1. The condition or post of a captain 
or chief commander. 2. The rank, quality or post of a 
captain. 3. The command of a clan, or government of a 
certain district. 4. Skill in military affairs. 
GAP-Ta'TION, 77. [L. captatio.] The act or practice of 
catching favor or applause by flattery or address. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, T, 0, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, EillD ; — | Obsolete. 


CAR 


123 


CAR 


€AFTION, 71. [L. captio.'] 1. The act of taking, or appre- 
hending by a judicial process ; [little used.] 2. A certifi- 
cate signed by commissioners in chancery, declaring 
when and where the commission was executed. 3. A 
preamble. 

CAP'TIOUS, a. [L. captiosus,] 1. Disposed to find fault, or 
raise objections j apt to cavil. 2. P’itted to catch or in- 
snare ; insidious. 3. Proceeding from a caviling dispo- 
sition. 

CAP TIOUS-LY, adv. In a captious manner ; with an in- 
clination or intention to object or censure. 

CAP'TIOUS-NESS, n. Disposition to find fault j inclination 
to object ; peevishness. Locke. 

CAP'Tl-VATE, V. t. [L. captivo.] 1. To take prisoner j to 
seize by force ; as an enemy in war. Shah. 2. To sub- 
due ; to bring into bondage. 3. To overpower and gain 
with excellence or beauty ; to charm ; to engage the 
affections •, to bind in love. Addison. 4. To enslave. 
Locke. 

CAP'TI-VATE, a. Taken prisoner. Shak. 

CAP'Tl-VA-TED, pp. Made prisoner ; charmed. 

CAP'TI-VA-TING, ppr. 1. Taking prisoner ; engaging the 
affections. 2. a. Having power to engage the afl’ections. 

CAP-TI-Va'TION, 71. The act of taking a prisoner j a tak- 
ing one captive. 

CAP'TiVE, n. [Fr. captif.] 1. A prisoner taken by force 
or stratagem in war, by an enemy. 2. One who is 
charmed or subdued by beauty or excellence ; one whose 
afiections are seized. 3. One who is insnared by love or 
flattery, or by wiles. 4. A slave. 

CAP^TTVE, a. 1. Made prisoner in war; kept in bondage 
or confinement. 2. Holding in confinement. 

t CAP'TiVE, V. t. To take prisoner; to bring into subjec- 
tion. Drydcn 

CAP-TIV'l-TY, n. [Fr. captivite ; L. captivitas.] 1. The 
state of being a prisoner. 2. Subjection to love. 3. Sub- 
jection ; a state of being under control. 4. Subjection ; 
servitude ; slavery. 

C \P'T01l, 71. [1j. capio.] One who takes, as a prisoner 
or a prize. It is appropriately one who takes a prize at 
sea. 

CAPT'URE, n. [L. captura ; Fr. capture.] 1. The act of 
taking or seizing. 2. The thing taken ; a prize ; prey 
taken by force, surprise or stratagem. 3. Seizure ; arrest. 

CAPT URE, V. t. To take or seize by force, surprise or 
stratagem, as an enemy or his property ; to take by force 
umler the authority of a commission. 

CAPT'URED, pp. Taken as a prize. 

CAPT UR-ING, ppr. Seizing as a prize. 

CA-PUC'Cl-O, n. [It.] A capuchin, or hood. 

€’A-PtCIPED, a. Covered with a hood. [L. w.] Brown. 

CAP-U-CIIIN', n. [Fr. capncine.] 1. A garment for females, 
consisting of a cloke and hood, made in imitation of the 
dress of capuchin monks. 2. A pigeon whose head is 
covere^l with feathers. 

CAP-U-CH iNS', 71. Monks of the order of St. Francis, who 
cover their heads with a capuce, cupuchon. 

CAP'U-CINE, 71. A species of monkey, the sagoo^ or sat. 

CAP'U-LIN, 71. The Mexican cherry. 

CAR, CAER, CHAR, in names of places, is sometimes the 
Celtic Caer, a town or city, as in Caermarthen. 

CAR, n. [W. car.] 1. A small vehicle moved on wheels, 
usually drawn by one horse. — 2. In poetical language, any 
vehicle of dignity or splendor ; a chariot of war, or of 
triumph. 3. The constellation called Charles’s wain, or 
t>fl& bCQ-7*» 

CAR'A-BlNE, or CAR-BlNE', n. [Fr. carabine.] A short 
gun, or fire arm, carrying a ball of 24 to the pound. 

CAR-A-Bl-NEER', ?i. A man who carries a carabine ; one 
who carries a longer carabine than others, which is some- 
times used on foot. 

CAR' AC, j 7J. [Port, cari'aca ; Fr. caraque.] A large ship 

CAR'ACK, ; of burden ; a Portuguese Indiaman. 

CAR'A-COL, 71. [Fr. ca7-acoZc.] 1. In the 7?ia?ic^e, a semi- 
round, or half turn, which a horseman makes. — 2. In archi- 
tecture, a staircase in a helix or spiral form. 

CAR'A-COL, V. i. To move in a caracol ; to wheel. 

€’AR'A-COL-Y, v. A mixture of gold, silvxr and copper. 

CAR'AT, 77. [It. carato,- Fr. carat.] 1. The weight of four 
grains, used by gold-smiths and jewelers. 2. The weight 
that expresses the fineness of gold. The whole mass of 
gold is divided into 24 equal parts, and as many 24th parts 
as it contains of pure gold, it is called gold of so many 
carats. Thus gold of twenty-two parts of pure metal is 
gold of twenty-two carats. 3. The value of any thing ; 

[rtZ>.5.] 

CAR'A-VAN, 77. [Ar. ; Pp. caravana ; Fr. caravane.] A 
company of travelers, pilgrims or merchants, marching or 
proceeding in a body over the deserts of Arabia, or other 
region infested with robbers. 

CAR-A-VAN'SA-RY, n. A place appointed for receiving 
and loading caravans ; a kind of inn, where the caravans 
rest at night, being a large square building, with a spa- 
cious court in the middle. 


CAR'A-VEL, or CAR'VEL, n. [Sp. caravela ; It. caravetlo } 
Fr. caravelle.] 1. A small vessel on the coast of France, 
used in the herrinig fishery. 2. A light, round, old-fash- 
ioned ship. ’ 

CAR'A-WAY, 71. [Gr. Kapog, uagov.] A plant of the genus 
carum, a biennial plant. 

CAR'BON, n. [L. carlo ; Sp. carbon.] Pure charcoal ; a 
simple body, black, brittle, light and inodorous. 

CAR-BON-a'CEOUS, a. Pertaining to charcoal. See Car- 
bonic. 


t CAR'BO-NADE, or f CAK-BO-Na'DO, n. Flesh, fowl or 
the like, cut across, seasoned, and broiled on coals. 


V. t. To cut or hack. Shak. 


t CAR'BO-NADE, 
t CAR-BO-Na'DO, 

CAR'BON-ATE, n. In chemistry, a compound formed by 
tlie union of carbonic acid with a base ; as the carbonate 
of lime. 


CAR'BON-A-TED, a. Combined with carbon. 

CAR-BON'IC, a. Pertaining to carbon, or obtained from it. 

CAR-BON-IF'ER-OUS, a. [L. carlo and fero.] Producing 
carbon, or coal. 

CAR-BON-I-Za'TION, 77. The actor process of carbonizing 

CAR'BON-lZE, V. t. To convert into carbon by combustion 
or the action of fire ; to expel from wood or other sub- 
stance all volatile matter. 

CAR'BON-iZED, pp. Converted into carbon or charcoal. 

CAR'BON-O-HY'DROUS, a. [carfioTi, and Gr. i)(5u;p.] Com- 
ix)sed of carbon and hydrogen. 

CAR'BON-OUS, a. Carbonous acid is carbon not fully satu- 
rated with oxygen. 

CAR'BUN-CLE, n. [L. carbunc^ihis.] 1. An anthrax ; an 
inflammatory tumor, or painful gangrenous boil or ulcer. 
2. A beautiful gem, of a deep-red color. — 3. In heraldry, 
a charge or bearing consisting of eight radii, four of which 
make a comlnon cross, and the other four a saltier. 

CAR'BTJN-CLED, a. Set with carbuncles ; spotted. 

€AR-BUN'CU-LAR, a. Belonging to a carbuncle ; resem- 
bling a carbuncle ; red ; inflamed. 

CAR-BUN-CU-La'TION, 77. [L. carbunculatio.] The blast- 
ing of the young buds of trees or plants. 

CAR'BU-RET, n. A combination of carbon with a metal, 
earth or alkali. 

€AR'BU-RET-ED, a. Combined with carbon, or holding 
carbon in solution. 

€AR'€A-JO, 77. I'he glutton, a voracious, carnivorous an- 
imal. 

CAR'C A-NET, n. [Fr. carcan.] A chain or collar of jewels. 
Shak. 

CAR'CASS, 77. [Fr. carcasse.] 1. The body of an animal ; 
usually the body when dead. 2. The decaying remains 
of a bulky thing, as of a boat or ship. 3. The frame or 
main parts of a thing unfinished, or without ornament. 

CAR'CASS, 77. [It. carcassa.] An iron case or hollow ves- 
sel, about the size of a bomb, of an oval figure, filled with 
combustible and other substances, as meal-powder, salt- 
petre, sulphur, broken glass, turpentine, &c., to be thrown 
from a mortar into a town, to set fire to buildings. 

t CAR'CEL-AGE, n. [L. career.] Prison fees. 

CAR'CER, 77. A starting-post. 

CARCER-AL, a. Belonging to a prison. 

CAR-CI-No'MA, 77. [Gr. KapKivoipa.] A cancer ; also, a 
turgescerme of the veins of the eye. 

CAR-CT-No'MA-TOUS, a. Cancerous ; like a cancer, or 
tending to it. 

CARD, 77. [Fr. carte.] 1. A paper or pasteboard of an ob- 
long figure, on which are painted figures or points ; used 
in games. 2. A blank piece of paper, or the like paper 
with some writing upon it, used in messages of civility 
or business. 3. The paper on which the points of the 
compass are marked. 

CARD, V. i. To play much at cards ; to game. 

CARD, 77. [D. kaard.] An instrument for combing, opening 
and breaking wool or flax. 

CARD, V. t. To comb, or open wool, flax, hemp, «fec., with 
a card. 

CARD'A-MiNE, n. [Gr.] The plant meadow'-cresses, or 
cuckow-flow’er. 

CAR DA-MOM, n. [Gr. Ka^hapiopov .] A plant of the genus 
amomum. 

CARD'ED, pp. Combed ; opened ; cleansed with cards. 

CARD'ER, 77. One wflio cards wool ; also, one who pla3’s 
much at cards. Wotton. 

* CAR'DI-A-CAL, | a. [L. cardiacus.] 1. Pertaining to the 

CAR'DI-AC, ) heart. 2. Exciting action in the 
heart, through the medium of the stomach. 

CAR'DI-AC, 77. A medicine which excites action in the 
stomach, and animates the spirits. 

CAR'DI-AL-6Y, 77. [Gr. KapSia and aXyoj.] The heart- 
burn. It is called, also, the cardiac passion. 

CAR'DI-NAL, a. [L. cardinalis.] Chief, principal, preemi- 
nent, or fundamental ; as the cardinal virtues, which pa- 
gans supposed to be justice, prudence, temperance and 
fortitude. 


*See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BULL,^ UNITE. — C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


CAR 


124 


CAR 


CAR^DI-NAL, n. 1. An ecclesiastical prince in the Romish 
church, who has a voice in the conclave at the election of 
a pope. 2. A woman’s cloke. 

CAR’Dl-NAL-FLOW-ER, n. A plant of the genus lobeliuj 
of many species. 

€AR D1-NAL-ATE, or €AR'DI-NAL-SHIP, 71. The office, 
rank or dignity of a cardinal. 

CAR'DI-NAL-IZE, t;. t. To make a cardinal. [Little used.] 

€ARD'ING, ppr. 1. Combing, as flax, wool, <fcc. 2. The 
act of playing at cards. [Little used.] 

CARD'iNG-iVIA-CHlNE', n. A machine for combing, break- 
ing and cleansing wool and cotton. 

€AR'DI-OID, 71. [Gr. xap^ta.J An algebraic curve, so call- 
ed from its resemblance to a heart. 

CARD'ITE, 71. Fossil or petrified shells of the genus car- 
dium. 

CARD^-Ma-KER, 71. A maker of cards. 

CARD'-MATCH, 7i. A match made by dipping pieces of 
card in melted sulphur. 

CAR-DOON', 71. [Sp. cardan.] A species of C7jnara^ resem- 
b.iiig the artichoke, but larger. 

CARD'-Ta-BLE, 71. The table appropriated to the use of 
gamesters, or used for playing cards on. 

€AR'DU-US-BEN-E-DI€'TUS, ti. Tlie herb called blessed 
thistle. 

CARE, 71. [Sax. car, cara.] 1. Concern ; anxiety ; solici- 
tude ; noting some degree of pain in the mind, from ap- 
prehension of evil. “ They shall eat bread by weight and 
with care.” Ezek. iv. 2. Caution •, a looking to ; regard j 
attention, or heed, with a view to safety or protection. 
3. Charge or oversight, implying concern for safety and 
prosperity. 4. The object of care, or watchful regard and 
attention. 

CARE, V. i. 1. To be anxious or solicitous j to be concern- 
ed about. 2. To be inclined or disposed ; tiTliave regard 
to. 

CARE'-CRAZED, a. Broken or disordered by care, or so- 
licitude. 

CARE'-DE-FY'ING, a. Bidding defiance to care. 

CARE'-TuNED, a. Tuned by care ; mournful. Shak. 

CARE'-WOUND-ED, a. Wounded with care. Maij. 

t CAR'ECT, 71 . A charm. Sec Charact. 

CA-REEN', V. t. [Fr. careiier.] In sea language, to heave 
or bring a ship to lie on one side, for the purpose of re- 
pairing. 

CA-REEN', V. i. To incline to one side, as a ship under a 
press of sail. Mar. Diet. 

CA-REEN'ED, (ca-reend'j Laid on one side ; inclined. 

CA-REENTNG, ppr. Heaving dowrt on one side j inclin- 
ing. 

CA-REENTNG, 71. The act of heaving down on one side, 
as a ship. 

CA-REER', 71. [Fr. carriere.] 1. A course ; a race, or 
running ; a rapid running ; speed in motion. 2. General 
course of action or movement ; procedure ; course of pro- 
ceeding. 3. The ground on which a race is run. 4. In 
the ma7iege, a place inclosed with a barrier, in which they 
run the ring. — 5. lwfalco7ir7j, a flight or tour of the hawk, 
about 120 yards. 

€A-REER', V. i. To move or run rapidly. 

€A-REER'ING, ppr. Running or moving with speed. 

€ARE'FUL, a. 1. Full of care ; anxious ; solicitous. 2. 
Provident ; attentive to support and protect. 3. Watch- 
ful ; cautious j giving good heed. 4. Filling with care 
or solicitude ; exposing to concern, anxiety or trouble ; 
full of cares. 

CARE'FUL-LY, adv. 1. With care, anxiety, or solicitude. 
2. Heedfully ; watchfully ; attentively. 3. In a manner 
that shows care. 4. Providently ; cautiously. 

€ARE'FIJL-NESS, 7i. 1. Anxiety ; solicitude. 2. Heed- 
fulness- caution; vigilance in guarding against evil, and 
providing for safety. 

CARE'LESS, a. 1. Having no care ; heedless ; negligent ; 
unthinking ; inattentive ; regardless ; unmindful. 2. 
Free from care or anxiety ; whence, undisturbed ; cheer- 
ful. 3. Done or said without care ; unconsidered. 4. 
Not regarding with care ; unmoved by ; unconcerned for. 
.5. Contrived without art. 

€ARE'LESS-IiY, adv. In a careless manner or way -, neg- 
ligently ; heedlessly ; inattentively ; without care or con- 
cerji. 

fJARE'LESS-NESS, v. TIeedlessncss ; inattention; negli- 
gence ; manner without care. 

t Ca^REN-CY, 71. Lack ; want. Bp. Richardson. 

CAR'EN-TANE, ?i. [Fr. quarantainc.] A papal indul- 
gence, multiplying the remission of penance by forties. 
Taylor. 

CA-REFS', r. t. [Fr. caresser.] To treat with fondness, af- 
fection, or kindness ; to fondle ; to embrace with tender 
affection ; tis a parent a child. 

CA-RESS', 71. An act of endearment ; any act or expression 
of affection ; an embracing with tenderness. 

€A-RESS'ED, (ca-rest') pp. Treated or embraced with af- 
fection. 


€A-RESSRNG,ppr. Treating with endearment, or affection. 

CaRIET, 71. [L,] In icriting, this mark, a, which shows 
that something, omitted in the line, is interlined above, 
or inserted in the margin, and should be read in that 
place. 

CAR'GA-SON, 71. A cargo ; which see. Ilotcell. 

CAR'GO, 71. [W. carg ; ij^p. cargo-] The lading or freight 
of a ship ; the goods, merchandise, or whatever is convey- 
ed in a ship or other merchant vessel. 

CAR'GOOSE, 71. A fowl belonging to the genus colyinbiLS. 

Ca'RI-A-TED, a. Carious. See Carious. 

CA-RI-ATff-DES. See Caryatides. 

CAR'i-BOO, 71. A quadruped of the stag kind. 

CAR'I-CA, 71. The papaw, a tree bearing a fleshy fruit of 
the size of a small melon. 

CAR'I-CA-TuRE, 7i. [It. cai-icatui'a.] A figure or descrip- 
tion, in which beauties are concealed and blemishes exag- 
gerated, but still bearing a resemblance to the object. 

€AIPI-€A-TuRE, v. t. 'Po make or draw a caricature ; to 
represent as more ugly than the life. Lyttelton. 

CAR'I-CA-TU-RliST, 71 . One who caricatures others. 

CAR-I-COG'RA-PHY, n. [L. carex, and Gr. ypa^w.] A 
description of the plants of the genus carex, or sedge. 
Dewey. 

CART-COUS, a. [L. carica.] Resembling a fig. 

Ca'RI-ES, 71. [L.] The corruption or mortification of a 
bone ; an ulcerated bone. 

€AR'IL-LON, n. [Fr.] A little bell. Also, a simple air in 
music. See Carol. 

CAR'I-NATE, 1 a. [L. ca7-t/?afM5.] In Z^otaTiy, shaped like 

€AR'I-NA-TED, \ the keel of a ship. 

CA-RIN'THIN, 71. A mineral from Carinthia. 

CA-RI-OS'I-TY, 71 . [Sec Caries.] Mortification, or ulcera- 
tion of a bone. Wiseman. 

€a'RI-OU3, a. Mortified ; corrupted ; ulcerated ; as a bone. 
Wiseman. 

fCARK, n. [W. care.] Care; anxiety; concern; solici- 
tude ; distress. Sidney. 

f CARK, V. i. To be careful, anxious, solicitous, concerned. 
Sidney. 

t CARKTNG, 2 >pr. Distressing ; perplexing ; giving anxiety. 

CARLE, (carl) 71 . [Sax. carl.] 1. A rude, rustic, rough, 
brutal man. [Oft*-. Sec Churl.] 2. A kind of hemp. 
Tusser. 

t CARLE, V. i. To act like a churl. Biu-ton. 

CAROLINE, or CAR'O-LLNE, 71 . A silver coin in Naples. 

CAROLINE, ) 71. [Fr. carlingue, or escarlmguc.] A piece 

CAR'LTNG, ) or timber in a ship, ranging fore and aft, 
from one deck beam to another. — Car li/ie- knees are tim- 
bers in a ship, lying across from the sides to the hatchway, 
and serving to sustain the deck. 

CAR'LINE-THIS'TLE, n. A genus of plants growing in 
the south of France, and one a native of Great Britain. 

CARLTSH, CARLTSH-NESS. See Churlish. 

CAR'LOCK, 71. A sort of isinglass from Russia. 

t CAR'LOT, n. A countryman. See Carle. 

CAR-LO-VIN'GI-AN, a. Pertaining to Charlemagne. 

CAR'M AN, 71 . A man whose employment is to drive a cart. 

CAR'ME-LIN, ) a. Belonging to the order of Carmel- 

CAR'MEL-ITE, j ites. 

CAR'MEL-lTE, 71 . [from Mount Carmel.] 1. A mendicant 
friar. 2. A sort of pear. 

CAR-MTN'A-TiVE, a. [Fr. carminatif.] Expelling wind 
from the body ; warming ; antispasmodic. 

CAR-MIN'A-TIVE, n. A medicine, which tends to expel 
wind, or to remedy colic and flatulencies. 

CAR'MINE, n. [Fr. carmin.] A powder, or pigment, of a 
beautiful red or crimson color, used by painters. 

CAR'NAGE, n. [Fr. carnage.] 1 . Literally, flesh, or heaps 
of flesh, as in shambles. 2. Slaughter ; great destruction 
of men ; havock ; massacre. 

CAR'NAL, a. [Vx. chameU L. car7xnlis.] \. Pertaining to 
flesh ; fleshly ; sensual ; opposed to syirUxial. 2. Being in 
the natural state ; unregenerate. Rom. viii. 3. Pertain- 
ing to tlie ceremonial law ; as, carnal ordinances. 4. 
Lecherous ; lustful ; libidinous ; given to sensual indul- 
gence. Shak. — Carnal knoxcledge, sexual intercourse. 

€AR'NAL-IST, ti. One given to the indulgence of sensual 
appetites. 

CAR'NAL-lTE, n. A worldly-minded man. 

CAR-NAL'I-TY, 72 . 1. Fleshly lust, or desires, or the in- 
dulgence of those lusts ; sensuality. 2. Grossness of mind 
or desire ; love of sensual pleasures. 

CAR'NAL-TZE, v. t. To make carnal ; to debase to car- 
nality. Scott. 

CAR'N AL-LY, adv. In a carnal manner ; according to the 
flesh. 

CAR'NAL-MiND'ED, a. Worldly-minded. More. 

€AR'NAL-MlND'ED-NES^, 71 . Grossness of mind. 

CAR-Na'TION, 71 . [Fr. car7ia.tion.] 1. Flesh color; the 
parts of a picture which are naked, or without drapery, 
exliibiting the natural color of the flesh. 2. A genus of 
plants, dianthus, so named from the color of the flower. 

€AR-Na'TIONED, a. Made like carnation color. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, t), Y, ? 07 i^.— FAR, FALL, WIL\T ;— PR^Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


CAR 125 CAR 


CAR-NeL'IAN, n. [Fr. cornalme.] A siliceous Stone, a 
variety of chalcedony. 

CARhVEL-WoRK, in ship-huilding , is the putting together 
the timbers, beams and planks. 

GAR'NE-OUS, a. [L. caraeu^.] Fleshy j having the qual- 
ities of flesh. 

GAR'NEY, n. A disease of horses, in which the mouth is so 
furred that they cannot eat. 

€AR-NI-F1-€a'TION, n. A turning to flesh. 

CAR'NI-F Y, V. i. To form flesh 5 to receive flesh in growth. 
GAR'NI-VAL, ) 71, [Sp., Port, carnaval ; Fr. carnaval.] 
GAR'NA-VAL, J The feast or season of rejoicing, before 
Lent, observed, in Catholic countries, with great solem- 
nity, by feasts, balls, operas, concerts, &c. 
€AR-NIV-0-RAC'l-TY, n. Greediness of appetite for flesh. 
€AR-NIV'0-ROUS, a. [L. caro and voro.] Eating or feed- 
ing on flesh ; an epithet applied to animals which natu- 
rally seek flesh for food. 

€AR-NOS^I-TY, 71. \Fx. carnosite.'] A little fleshy excres- 
c 0 ncc* 

CAR'NOUS, a. Fleshy. See Carneous. 

CAR'OB, 71. [Sp. algarroha ; It. carruba.] The carob-tree, 
ceratonia siliqua. 

GA-RoCHE', 71. [It. carrotza.] A carriage of pleasure. 
GA-ROCH ED, ^ca-rocht') a. Placed in a caroche. 

GAR'OL, 77 . [It. carola'-, W. carawl.] A song j a song of 
joy and exultation ; a song of devotion. 

GAIFOL, V. i. [It. carolare.] To sing j to warble ; to sing 
in joy or festivity. Shale. 

GAR'OL, r. t. To praise or celebrate in song. MIUoti. 
GAR-O-Li'NA, 71. The name of two of the Atlantic States 
in North America, called J\Torth Carolina and South Car- 
olina. 

GAR'OL-ING, 71. A song of praise or devotion. 
GAR-O-LIN'I-AN, a. Pertaining to Carolina. 
GAR-O-LIN'I-AN, 71. A native or inhabitant of Carolina. 
GAR'O-MEL, 71. The smell exhaled by sugar, at a calcining 
heat. Ure. 

GA-ROT'ID, a. [Gr. KapcoriSeg.] The carotid arteries in the 
body are two arteries, the right and left, which convey 
the blood from the aorta to the head and brain, 
t GA-ROT^T-DAL, a. Carotid. Smith. 

GA-ROUS^AL, 71 . A feast or festival. Johnson. But in 
America, it signifies a noisy drinking-bout, or reveling. 
GA-ROUSE', (ca-rouz') v. i. [Fr. carrouse.] To drink hard ; 
to guzzle. In the U7iited States, it signifies also to be 
noisy, as bacchanalians, 
t GA-ROUSE',r. t. To drink lavishly. Shak. 

GA-ROUSE', (ca-rouz') n. A drinking match ; a full draught 
of liquor; a noisy drinking match. 

GA-ROUS'ER, 77 . A drinker; a toper ; a noisy reveler, or 
bacchanalian. 

GA-ROUS'ING, j 7 / 77 *. Drinking hard ; reveling. 

GARP, V. i. [L. carpo.] Literally, to snap or catch at, or 
to pick. Hence, to censure, cavil, or find fault, particu- 
larly without reason, or petulantly. 
fCARP, V. t. To blame. Abp. Cranmer. 

CARP, 71 . [Fr., Port, carpe.] A fish, a species of cijprinus. 
GAR 'PAL, o. [L. carpus. 1 Pertaining to the wrist. 
GAR-Pa'THI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Carpates, a range 
of mountains. 

GAR'PEN-TER, 77. [Fr. charpentier.] An artificer who 
works in timber ; a framer and builder of houses, and of 
ships. 

GAR'PEN-TRY, 77. The art of cutting, framing, and join- 
ing timber, in the construction of buildings. 

GaRP'ER, 71. One who carps ; a caviler. 

CAR PET, 71. 1. A covering for floors, tables, stairs, &cc. 

2. Level ground co\^ered, as with grass. Shak . — To be on 
the carpet, is to be under consideration. The French 
phrase, to be on the tapis, is used in the like sense. — Car- 
pet-knight, in Shakspeare, is a knight who enjoys ease and 
security , or luxury. — Carpet-monger is used in a like sense. 
GAR'PET, V. i. To cover with a carpet. Bacon. 
GAR'PET-ED, pp. Covered with a carpet. 

GAR'PET-ING, v. Cloth for carpets ; carpets in general. 
GAR'PET-WALK, 7?. A walk on smooth turf. 

GARP'ING, ppr. Caviling ; captious ; censorious. 

GARP'ING, 77. The act of caviling ; a cavil ; unreasonable 
censure. 

CARP'ING-LY, adv. Captiously ; in a carping manner. 
GARP'MeALS, 71. A kind of coarse cloth made in the north 
of England. Phillips. 

GARFO-LITE, 77. [Gr. icapTrog and X70of.] Petrified fruits, 
as nuts converted into silex. 

GAR-POL'0-GIST, 77. [Gr. Kapzrog and Xeyw.] One who 
describes fruits. 

G AR-POL'O-GY, 77 . A description of fruits. 

GaR'PUS, 77. [L.] The wrist, but not an E7iglish toord. 
CARR, 71 . A marsh or flat land. JVorth of England. 
GAR'RAG. SecCARAC. 

GAR'RAT. See Carat. 

G AR'RA-W aY, 77. A kind of apple. Mason. 


t GAR'RI-A-BLE, a. That may be carried. 

GAR'RIAGE, (car'ridje) n. [Fr. char7n,agc.\ 1. The act of 
carrying, bearing, transporting, or conveying. 2. The 
act of taking by an enemy ; conquest ; acquisition ; [ofts.] 

3. That which carries, especially on wheels ; a vehicle, 

4. The price or expense of carrying. 5. Tliat which is 
carried ; burden, as baggage, vessels, furniture, &c. [lit- 
tle used.] G. The manner of carrying one’s selH beha- 
vior ; conduct ; deportment ; personal manners. Vryden 
7. Measures ; practices ; management. Shak. 

GAR*RI-B00. See Cariboo. 

GAR'RIGK-BEND, 77 . A particular kind of knot. 

GAR'RIGK-BITTS, n. In a ship, the bitts which support 
the windlass. Mar. Viet. 

GAR'RI-ER, 71. 1. One who carries ; that which carries or 
conveys ; also, a messenger. 2. One who is employed to 
carry goods. 3. A pigeon that conveys letters from place 
to place, the letters being tied to the neck. 

GAR'RI-ON, 77 . [It. carogna.] 1. The dead and putrefying 
body or flesh of animals. 2. A worthless woman ; a ter7ii 
of reproach. Shak. 

GAR'RI-ON, a. Relating to dead and putrefying carcasses ; 
feeding on carrion. Shak. 

GAR-RON-aDE', 77 . [from Carron, in Scotland, where it 
was first made.] A short piece of ordnance, having a 
large caliber, and a chamber for the powder, like a mor- 
tar. 

GAR-ROON', 77 . 1. In Lozidon, a rent received for the priv- 
ilege of driving a cart. Ash. 2. A species of cherry, 
Tooke. 

GAR'ROT, 77 . [It. carota ; Fr. carotte.] An esculent root, 
of the genus daucxis. 

GAR'ROT-Y, a. Like a carrot in color ; azi epithet givczi to 
red hair. 

GAR'RoWS, 71. In Ireland, people who wander about, and 
get their living by cards and dice ; strolling gamesters. 
Spenser. 

GAR'RY, V. t. [W. cariaw ; Fr. charrier.] 1. To bear, con- 
vey, or transport, by sustaining and moving the thing car- 
ried. 2. To convey ; as, sound is carried in the air. 3. To 
eflect ; to accomplish ; to prevail ; to gain the object ; as, 
to carry a point. 4. To bear out ; to face through. 5. To 
urge, impel, lead or draw, noting moral impulse. 6. To 
bear ; to have. 7. To bear ; to show, display or exhibit 
to view. 8. To imply or import. 9. To contain or com- 
prise. 10. To extend or continue in time. 11. To ex- 
tend in space. 12. To support or sustain. 13. To bear 
or produce, as trees. 14. To manage or transact, usually 
with on. — 15. To carry one^s self, to behave, conduct or 
demean. 16. To remove, lead or drive. 17. To remove ; 
to cause to go. 18. To transport ; to atfect with extraor- 
dinary impressions on the mind. 19. To fetch and bring. 
20. To transfer. 

To carry coals, to bear injuries. Mason. — To carry off, to 
remove to a distance ; also, to kill. — To carry on. 1. To 
promote, advance, or help forward ; to continue. 2. To 
manage or prosecute. 3. To prosecute, continue or pur- 
sue. — To carry through, to support to the end ; to sustain 
or keep from failing, or being subdued. — To carry out, to 
bear from within ; also, to sustain to the end ; to continue 
to the end. — To cain-y away, in seamanship, is to break ; 
to carry sail till a spar breaks. 

GAR'RY, V. 7 . 1. To run on rotten ground, or on frost, 
which sticks to the feet, as a hare. 2. To bear the head 
in a particular manner, as a horse. 3. To convey ; to 
propel. 

t GAR'RY, 77 . The motion of the clouds. 

GAR'RY-ING, ppr. Bearing, conveying, removing, &c. 

GAR'RY-ING, n. A bearing, conveying, removing, trans- 
porting. — Carrijing trade, the trade which consists in the 
transportation of goods by water from country to country, 
or place to place. 

f GAR'RY-TALE, n. A tale-bearer. Shak. 

GART, 77. [W. cart.] 1. A carriage with two wheels. 2. A 
carriage in general. 

GART, V. i. To use carts for carriage. Mortimer. 

GART, v.t. 1. To carry or convey on a cart. 2. To expose 
in a cart, by way of punishment. 

GART'AGE, 71. The act of carrying in a cart, or the price 
paid for carting. 

GART-BOTE, 77 . In English laic, wood to which a tenant 
is entitled for making and repairing carts and other in- 
struments of husbandry. 

GART'ED, pp. Borne or exposed in a cart. 

GART- HORSE, n. A horse that draws a cart. 

GART'ING, ppr. Conveying or exposing in a cart. 

GART'ING, 77 . The act of carrying in a cart. 

GART'-JADE, 77 . A sorry horse ; a horse used in drawing, 
or fit only for the cart. Sidney. 

GART'-LoAD, 77 . A load borne on a cart ; as much as is 
usually carried at once on a cart, or as is sufficient to 
load it. 

GART'-ROPE, 77 . A rope for binding hay or other articles 
on a cart. 


* See Synopsis;. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BULL, UNITE. — G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 


CAR 


126 


CAS 


€XRT'-RUT, n. The cut or track of a cart-wheel. 

CART'-TIRE, n. The tire, or iron bands, used to bind the 
wheels of a cart. 

CART'-WAY, n. A way that is or may be passed with 
carts, or other wheel carriages. 

CART'-WHEEL, n. The wheel of a cart. 

€ART'-WRIGHT, (cart‘rXte) n. An artificer who makes 
carts. 

CARTE-BLANCHE, (kirt-blinsh') [Fr.] Paper. A blank 
paper signed at the bottom with a person’s name, given 
to another person with permission to superscribe what 
conditions he pleases. 

*€AR'TEL, n. [\t. tartello ; Fr., Sp., Port. carteZ.] 1. A 
writing or agreement between states at war, for the ex- 
change of prisoners, or for some mutual advantage ; also, 
a vessel employed to convey the messenger on this occa- 
sion. 2. A letter of defiance or challenge •, a challenge to 
single combat. This sense the word has still in France 
and Italy •, but with us it is obsclete. — Cartel-ship^ is a 
ship employed in the exchange of prisoners, or in carrying 
propositions to an enemy. 

t CAR TEL, V. i. To defy. B. Jonson.- 

CART'ER, n. The man who drives a cart, or whose occupa- 
tion is to drive a cart. 

t €ARTT]R-LY, adv. Rude, like a carter. Cotgrave. 

CAR-Tk'SIAN, (car-te'zlmn) a. Pertaining to the philoso- 
pher Des Cartes, or to his philosophy. 

€AR-Tk'SIAN, n. One who adopts the philosophy of Des 
C^Rrt0S 

CAR-THxA-GlN*I-AN, a. Pertaining to ancient Car- 
thage. 

CAR-THA-GIN'I-AN, n. An inhabitant or native of Car- 
thage. 

CAR'TllA-MUS, 71. The generic name of bastard saffron. 
See Safflower. 

€AR-THu'SlAN, (car-thu'zhun) n. One of an order of 
monks, so called from Chartretise, the place of their insti- 
tution. 

GAR-THu^SIAN, a. Relating to the order of monks so call- 
ed Chambers. 

CAR'TIL-AGE, n. [L. cartilago ; Fr. cartilage.] Gristle j a 
smooth, solid, elastic substance, softer than bone. 

CAR-Tl-LAGdN-OUS, a. 1. Pertaining to or resembling a 
cartilage ; gristly ; consisting of cartilage. — 2. In ichthyol- 
og-y, cartilaginous fishes are those whose muscles are sup- 
ported by cartilages instead of bones. 

CAR-TOON', n. [It. cartone.] In painting, a design drawn 
on strong paper. 

CAR-TOUCH', 71. [Fr. cartonche.] 1. A case of wood, girt 
with marlin, holding about four hundred musket balls, 
and six or eight iron balls of a pound weight, to be fired 
out of a howitz, for defending a pass. 2. A portable box 
for charges. [See Cartridge-box.] 3. A roll or scroll 
on the cornice of a column. 

CAR'TRIDgE, n. A case of pasteboard or parchment, hold- 
ing the charge of powder, or powder and ball, for a can- 
non, mortar, musket or pistol. 

CAR'TRIDGE-BOX, n. A case, usually of wood, covered 
with leather, with cells for cartridges. 

CAR'TU-LA-RY, n. [Fr. cartulaire.] A register-book, or 
record, as of a moiiEistery. 

CAR'U-CATE, n. [L. caruca.] As much land as one team 
can plow in the year. 

CAR'UN-CLE, n. [L. carnncula.] 1. A small, fleshy ex- 
crescence, either natural or morbid. Coze. 2. The fleshy 
comb on the head of a fowl. 

CA-RUNC'U-LAR, a. In the form* of a caruncle. 

CA-RUNC'U-LA-TED, a. Having a fleshy excrescence, or 
soft, fleshy protuberance. 

CARV'^E, 7J. Z. [SsiX. ceorfaji, cearfan.] 1. To cut into small 
pieces or slices, as meat at table. 2. To cut wood, stone 
or other material into some particular form ; to engrave ; 
to cut figures or devices on hard materials. 3. To make 
or shape by cutting. 4. To apportion ; to distribute ; to 
provide at jdeasure ; to select and take, as to one’s self, or 
to select and give to another. 5. To cut ; to hew. Shah. 
— To carve out, is to cut out, or to lay out, by design *, to 
plan. 

€ARVE, V. i. 1. To cut up meat. 2. To exercise the trade 
of a sculptor. 3. To engrave or cut figures. 

t CARVE, 71. A carucate. 

CARVED, pp. Cut or divided ; engraved ; formed by carv- 
ing. 

CAR'VEL, 71. 1. Sec Caravel. 2. The urtica marina, or sea 
blubber. 

CARV'ER, 71. 1. One who cuts meat at table ; a sculptor *, 
one who apportions or distributes at will. Dryden. 2. A 
large table knife for carving. 

CARV'ING, ppr. Cutting, dividing, as meat ; cutting in 
stone, wood or metal ; apportioning ; distributing. 

CARV'ING, 71. The act of cutting, as meat ; the act or art 
of cutting figures in wood or stone ; sculpture ; figures 
carved. 

CAR-Y-a'TES, or CAR-Y-AT'I-DES, n. In architecture. 


figures of women dressed in long robes, after the Asiatic 
manner, serving to support entablatures. 

€AR-Y-A1‘'IC, a. Pertaining to the Caryans or Caryatides. 

CAR-Y-O-PHYL'LE-OUS, a. [Gr. Kapvov and ^uXAov.] 
Having five petals with long claws, in a tubular calyx j 
applied to flowers. 

fCAR-Y-OPH'YL-LOID, 71. [Gr. A species 

of mica. 

€A-SARC'A, 71. A fowl of the genus anas. 

CASC'A-BEL, n [Port, cascavel.] The knob or pummelion 
of a cannon. 

CAS-CaDE', 71. [Fr. cascade.] A waterfall. The word is 
applied to falls that are less than a cataract. 

CAS-CAL'HO, 71. [Port.] In Brazil, a deposit of pebbles, 
gravel and sand, in which the diamond is usually found. 

CASE, 71. [Fr. tame.] 1. A covering, box or sheath ; that 
which incloses or contains. 2. The outer part of a build- 
ing. 3. A certain quantity. 4. A building unfuniished ; 
\iiot used.] 

CASE, V. t. 1. To cover with a case ; to surround with any 
material that shall inclose or defend. 2. To put in a case 
or box. 3. To strip olf a case, covering, or the skin j [itn- 
usual.] Shah. 

CASE, 71. [Fr. cas ; L. ca5tL<?.] 1. Literally, that which 

falls, comes, or happens *, an event. Hence, the particular 
state, condition, or circumstances that befall a person, or 
in w'hich he is placed. 2. The state of the body, with re- 
spect to health or disease. — To he in good case, is to be 
fat, and this phrase is customarily abridged, to be in case. 
3. A question ; a state of facts involving a question foi 
discussion or decision. 4. A cause or suit in court. — 5. In 
grammar, the inflection of nouns, or a change of termina- 
tion . — In case is a phrase denoting condition or supposi- 
tion j if it should so fall out, or happen . — Ptit the case, sup- 
pose the event, or a certain state of things . — Action on the 
case, in laic, is an action in which the whole cause of 
complaint is set out in the writ. 

f CASE, V. i. To put cases. L'‘ Estrange. 

CASED, pp. Covered with a case. 

CA SE'-HARD-EN, r. t. To harden the outer part or super- 
ficies, as of iron, by converting it into steel. 

CA'SE-IC, a. [L. caucus.] The caseic acid is the acid of 
cheese. 

CASE'-KNiFE, 7i. A large table knife, often kept in a case. 

CASE'MATE, n. [Fr. casemate.] 1. \u fortiflcation, a vault 
of mason’s work in the flank of a bastion, next to the cur- 
tain, serving as a battery to defend the face of the opposite 
bastion, and the moat or ditch. 2. A well, with its sub- 
terraneous branches, dug in the passage of the bastion. 

CASE'MENT, n. [It. casamento.] 1. A hollow molding, 
usually one sixth or one fourth of a circle. 2. A little, 
movable window. 

CA'SE-OUS, a. [L. casews.] Like cheese ; having the qual- 
ities of cheese. 

CAS'ERN, 71. [Fr. caserne.] A lodging for soldiers in garri- 
son towns. 

CASE'-SHOT, 71. Musket balls, stones, old iron, &c., put in 
cases, to be discharged from cannon. 

CASE'-W6RM, n. A worm that makes itself a case. 

CASH, n. [Fr. caisse.] Money ; primarily, ready money, 
money in chest or on hand, in bank or at command. 

CASH, v.t. ]. To turn into money, or to exchange for 
money. 2. To pay money for. 

f CxXSH, V. t. To discard. [For cashier.] 

CxASH'-AC-COUNT', n. An account of money received, 
paid, or on hand. 

CxASH'-BOOK, n. A book in which is kept a register or ac- 
count of rnoney. 

CASH'-KEEP-ER, n. One intrusted with the keeping of 
money. 

CASII'EW-NUT, 71. A tree of the West Indies. 

CASH-IeR', n. [Fr. caw^er.] One who has charge of 
moneyj, a cash-keeper. 

CASH-IeR', V. t. [Fr. casser.] 1. To dismiss from an office 
or place of trust, by annulling the commission ; to break, 
as for mal-conduct, and therefore with reproach. 2. To 
dismiss or discard from service or from society. 3. To re- 
ject to annul or vacate. 

CASH-IeR'ED, (cash-eerd') pp. Dismissed ; discarded ; an- 
nulled. 

CASH-IeR'ER, n. One who rejects, discards or breaks. 

CASH-IeR'ING, ppr. Discarding : dismissing from service. 

CASH'OO, 71. The juice or gum or a tree in the East Indies. 

CAS'ING, ppr. Covering with a case. 

CAS'ING, n. 1. The act or operation of plastering a house 
with mortar on the outside. 2. A covering ; a case. 

CASK, or CASGlUE, n. [Fr. casque.] A head-piece ; a 
helmet ; a piece of defensive armor, to cover and protect 
the head and neck in battle. 

tCASK, V. t. To put into a cask. 

CASK, n. [Sp., Port, casco.] A close vessel for containing 
liquors, as a pipe, hogshead, butt, barrel, &c. 

CAS'KET, n. 1. A small chest or box, for jewels or other 


* See S 7 j 7 iopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, Zon^-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PEN, M.XRINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


CAS 


CAS 127 


small articles. — 2. In seavien^s language^ a small rope, 
fastened to grcmets. 

CAS'KET, V, t. To put in a little chest. Shak. 

CAS'Pl-AiV, a. [L. Caspice.] An epithet given to a large 
lake between Persia and Astrachan, called the Caspian 
Sea. 

|€ASS, V. t. [Fr. casser ,• L. To quash j to defeat ; 

to annul. Raleigh. 

CASS'A-DA, or €ASS'A-V1, n. A plant, of the genus ja- 
tropha, of diflerent species. 

CAS-SA-MU-NAIll^, n. An aromatic vegetable. 

]■ CAS'SATE, V. t. [Fr. casser.] To vacate, annul, or make 
void. 

C^\S-Sa'TION, n. The act of annulling. In France there is 
a court of cassation. 

CAS SA-VVAIIE. See Cassowary. 

CAS'SIA, (casii'ia) n. [Fr. casse.] A genus of plants of 
many species. Cassia is also the name of a species of laa- 
rns, the bark of which usually passes under the name of 
cinnamon. From a plant of this kind was extracted an 
aromatic oil, used as a perfume by the Jews. 

CAS'S[-DO-NY, 71. [Fr. cassidoine.] A species of plant, 
gnaphalinm, cotton-weed. 

CAS'SI-MER, n. [Sp. casimira.] A thin, twilled, woolen 
cloth. 

C.\S-Si'NO, 71. A game at cards. Todd. 

CAS'SI-O-BU-RY, 71. A species of plant, of the genus cas- 
sine. 

CAS-SI-O-Pe'A, 71. A constellation in the northern hemi- 
sphere. 

CAS-SI-Te'RI-A, n. [L. cassiteron.] A kind of crystals. 

CAS'SOCK, n. [Sp. casaca.'j A robe or gown worn over the 
other garments, particularly by the clergy. A close gar- 
ment, now generally that which clergymen wear under 
their gowns. 

CAS'SOCKED, a. Clothed with a cassock. 

CAS-SON-aDE', 71. [Fr.] Cask-sugar ; sugar not refined. 

CAS'SO-VVA-RY, n. [Sp. casueZ.] A large fowl of the genus 
struthio. 

CASS'-WEED, 71. A weed called shepherd'* s-pouch. 

CAST, V. t. pret. and pp. cast. [Dan. kaster ; Sw. kasta.'] 
1. To throw, fling or send ; that is, to drive from, by 
force, as from the hand, or from an engine. 2. To sow ; 
to scatter seed. 3. To drive or impel by violence. 4. To 
shed or throw off; as, trees cast their fruit. 5. To throw 
or let fall. 6. To throw, as dice or lots. 7. To throw on 
the ground, as in wrestling. 8. To throw away, as 
worthless. 9. To emit, or throw out. 10. To throw, to 
extend, as a trench. 11. To thrust. 12. To put, or set, 
in a particular state. 13. To condemn ; to convict, as a 
criminal. 14. To overcome in a civil suit, or in any con- 
test of strength or skill. 15. To cashier or discard. 16. To 
lay aside, as unfit for use ; to reject, as a garment. 17. To 
make to preponderate j to throw into one scale, for the 
purpose of giving it superior weight ; to decide by a vote 
that gives a superiority in numbers. 18. To throw to- 
gether several particulars, to find the sum ; to compute ; 
to reckon ; to calculate. 19. To contrive •, to plan. 20. To 
judge, or to consider, in order to judge. 21. To fix, or 
distribute the parts of a play among the actors. 22. To 
throw, as the sight ; to direct, or turn, as the eye ; to 
glance. 23. To found ; to form into a particular shape, 
by pouring liquid metal into a mold *, to run. 24. Figu- 
ratively^ to shape ; to form by a model. 25. To commu- 
nicate ; to spread over. 

To cast aside, to dismiss or reject as useless or inconven- 
ient. — To cast away, to reject •, to throw away ; to lavish 
or waste by profusion ; to turn to no use ; to wreck, as a 
ship. — To cast by, to reject ; to dismiss or discard with 
neglect or hate, or as useless. — To cast down, to throw 
down •, to deject or depress the mind.-.— 7’o cast forth, to 
throw out, or eject, as from an inclosed place ; to emit, or 
send abroad ; to exhale. — To cast off, to discard or reject ; 
to drive away ; to put off; to put away ; to disburden. — 
Among huntsmen, to leave behind, as dogs ; to set loose, 
or free. — Among seamen, to loose, or untie. — To cast out, 
to send forth *, to reject or turn out ; to throw out, as 
words ; to speak, or give vent to. — To cast 7tp, to com- 
pute ; to reckon ; to calculate. Also, to eject *, to vomit. 
— To cast on, to refer or resign to. — 'To cast one’s self on, 
to resign or yield one’s self to the disposal of, without re- 
serve. — To cast young, to miscarry ; to suffer abortion. — 
To cast in the teeth, to upbraid ; to charge ; to twit. 

€AST, V. i. 1. To throw forward, as the thoughts, wflth a 
view to some determination -, or to turn or revolve in the 
mind ; to contrive. 2. To receive form or shape. 3. To 
warp ; to twist from regular shape. Moxon. — 1. In sea- 
7 nen’s language, to fall otf, or incline, so as to bring the 
side of a ship to the wind. 

CAST, 71. 1. The act of casting •, a throw ; the thing thrown ; 
the form or state of throwing ; kind or«nanner of throw- 
ing. 2. The distance passed by a thing thrown ; or the 
space through which a thing thrown may ordinarily pass. 
3. A stroke , a touch. 4. Motion or turn of the eye ; di- 


rection, look or glance *, a squinting. 5. A throw of diCd J 
hence, a state of chance or hazard. 6. Form *, shape. 7. A 
tinge ; a slight coloring, or slight degree of a color. 8. 
Manner ; air } mien ; as, a peculiar cast of countenance. 
9. A flight *, a number of hawks let go at once. 10. A 
small statue of bronze. — 11. Among fou7iders, a tube of 
wax, fitted into a mold, to give shape to metal. 12. A 
cylindrical piece of brass or copper, slit in two lengthwise, 
to form a canal, or conduit, in a mold, for conveying metal. 
— 13. Among plumbers, a little brazen funnel, at one end 
of a mold, for casting pipes without sodering, by means of 
which the melted metal is poured into the mold. 14. ^^p., 
Port, casta.'] A breed, race, lineage, kind, sort. — 15. In 
Hmdostan, a tribe or class of the same rank or profession. 
16. A trick. Martin. 

€AS-Ta'L£-AJ\, a. Pertaining to Castalia, a cool spring on 
Parnassus, sacred to the muses. 

EAST' A-NET, 71. [Sp. castane.ta, castahuela.] An instru- 
ment of music formed of small concave shells of ivory or 
hard wood, shaped like spoons. 

€AST'A-WAY, n. That which is thrown away. A person 
abandoned by God, as unworthy of his favor ; a repro- 
bate. 

€AST'A-WAY, a. Rejected *, useless *, of no value. 

CAST'ED, pp. for cast, is not in use. 

GAS'TEL-LAN, n. [Sp. castellan,] A governor or consta- 
ble of a castle. 

€AS*TEL-LA-NY, 71 . The lordship belonging to a castle ; 
or the extent of its land and jurisdiction. 

€AS'TEL-LA-TED, a. 1. Inclosed in a building, as a foun- 
tain or cistern. 2. Adorned with turrets and battlements, 
lilvo Ocistlo 

€AS-TEL-La'TION, 71. The act of fortifying a house, and 
rendering it a castle. 

EAST'ER, 71. 1. One who throws or casts ; one who com- 
putes j a calculator *, one who calculates fortunes. 2. A 
small vial or vessel for the table. 3. A small wljeel on a 
swivel, on which furniture is cast, or rolled, on the floor. 

EAS'TI-GATE, v.t. [L. castigo.] To chastise ; to punish 
by stripes *, to correct j to chasten ; to check. 

EAS'Tl-GA-TED, pp. Punished ; corrected. 

EAS'TI-GA-TING, ppr. Punishing •, correcting *, chastising. 

EAS-TI-Ga'TION, n. 1. Punishment ; correction ; penance , 
discipline ; emendation j restraint. — 2. Among the Roma7ts, 
a military punishment inflicted on offenders, by beating 
with a wand or switch. 

EAS'TI-GA-TOR, 71 . One who corrects. 

EAS'TI-GA-TO-RY, a. Tending to correction 5 corrective 5 
punitive. Bramhall. 

EAS'TI-GA-TO-RY, 71 . An engine formerly used to punish 
and correct arrant scolds, called also a ducking-stool, or 
trebucket. 

EAS'TiLE-SoAP, n. A kind of pure, refined soap. 

EAS-TIL'IAN, a. Pertaining to Castile in Spain. 

EAS-TIL'IAN, 71. An inhabitant or native of Castile in 
Spain. 

EAST'ING, ppr. Throwing •, sending •, computing j calcu- 
lating •, turning ; giving a preponderancy ; deciding ; run- 
ning or throwing into a mold to give shape. 

EAST'ING, 71. 1. The act of casting or founding. 2. That 
which is cast in a mold *, any vessel formed by casting 
melted metal into a mold, or in sand. 3. I’lie taking of 
casts and impressions of figures, busts, medals, &c. 

EAST'ING-NET, n. A net which is cast and drawn, in 
distinction from a net that is set and left. 

EAST'ING-VOTE, or EAST'ING- VOICE, n. The vote of 
a presiding officer, in an assembly or council, which de- 
cides a question, when the votes of the assembly or house 
are equally divided between the affirmative and negative. 
U. States. Coze. 

EAS'TLE, ^cas'sl) n. [Sax. castel ; L. castellum.] 1. A 
house fortified for defense against an enemy ; a fortress. 
2. The house or mansion of a nobleman or prince. — 3. In 
a ship, there are two parts called by this name ; the fore- 
castle, a short deck in the fore part of the ship, above the 
upper deck ; and the hmdcastle, at the stern. — Castle in 
the air, a visionary project j a scheme that has no solid 
foundation . 

EAS'TLE, V. t. In the game of chess, to cover the king with 
a castle, by a certain move. 

EAS TLE-BUILD'ER, n. One who forms visionary 
sclicmGS* 

EAS'TLE-BUILD'ING, 71. The act of building castles in 
the air. 

EASTLE-EROWNED, a. Crowned with a castle. 

EAS'TLED, a. Furnished with castles. Drydcn. 

EAS'TLE-GUARD, n. A feudal tenure. 

EAS'TLE-RY, n. The government of a castle. 

EAS'TLE-SoAP, 71. [from Castile soap.] A kind of soap. 
Addison. 

EAS'TLET, n. A small castle. Lelamd. 

EAS'TLE-WARD, 71 . An imposition laid for maintaining 
watch and ward in the casfle. 

EAST'LING, n. An abortion or abortive. 


* Sec Sy7iopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BULL, UNITE. — E as K ; G as J j S as Z 5 CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 


CAT 


128 


CAT 


CXS'TOR, n. [L.] 1. A beaver, an amphibious quadruped, 
with a flat, ovate tail, short ears, a blunt nose, small fore 
and large hind feet. 2. A reddish brown Bubstance, 
ot a strong, penetrating smell, taken from bags or cods in 
the groin of the beaver ; a powerlul antispasmodic. — 3. In 
astronomy, a moiety of the constellation Oemini, called 
also Apollo. — Castor and Pollux, in meteorology, a fiery 
meteor, which, at sea, appeal's sometimes adhering to a 
part of a ship, in the form of balls. 

€AS-To'RE-UM, u. The inguinal gland of the beaver. 

CAS'TO-RIN, { n. An animal principle, prepared by boil- 

GAS' I'O-RINE, I ing castor. 

CAS*TOR-OIL, n. The oil of the ricinus, or palma Christi, 
a plant of the West Indies. 

fCAS'TO-RY, n. Probably the oil drawn from the castore- 
um. 

CAS-TRA-ME-Ta^TION, n. [L. castrametor.] The art 
or act of encamping ; the marking or laying out of a 
camp. 

CAS'TRATE, v. t. [L. castro.] 1. To geld 5 to deprive of 
the testicles ; to emasculate. 2. To take away or re- 
trench, as the obscene parts of a writing. 3. To take out 
a leaf or sheet from a book, and render it imperfect. 

CAS'TRA-TED, pp. Gelded ; emasculated ; purified from 
obscene expressions. 

CAS'TRA-TING, ppr. Gelding ; taking away the obscene 
parts of a writing. 

CAS-TRa'TION, 71. The act of gelding; the act or practice 
of making eunuchs ; the act of taking away the obscene 
parts of a writing ; the act of taking out a leaf or sheet of 
a book. — In botany the cutting off of the anthers, or tops 
of the stamens of flowers, before the ripening of the 
pollen. 

CAS-TRa'TO, 71. [It.] A male person emasculated for the 
purpose of improving his voice for a singer. 

CAS'TREL, or KES'TREL, n. A kind of hawk, resembling 
the lanner in shape, and the hobby in size. 

€AS-TREN^SIAN, a. [L. castrensis.'\ Belonging to a camp. 

CAS'U-AL, (cazh'u-al) a. [Fr. casuel ; Sp., Port, casual.} 
1. Falling' ; happening, or coming to pass, without design 
in the person or persons affected, and without being fore- 
seen, or expected ; accidental ; fortuitous ; coming by 
chance. 2. Occasional ; coming at certain times, without 
regularity, in distinction from stated, or regular. 3. Tak- 
ing place, or beginning to exist, without an efficient intel- 
ligent cause, and without design. 

CAS'U-AL-LY, adv. Accidentally ; fortuitously ; without 
design ; by chance. 

€AS'U-AL-NESS, n. Accidentalness ; the quality of being 
casual. 

CAS'U-AL-TY, (cazh'u-al-ty) n. I. Accident ; that which 
comes by chance or without design, or without being fore- 
seen : contingency. 2. An accident that produces unnat- 
ural death ; and, by a metonymy, deain, or other misfor- 
tune, occasioned by an accident. — 3. In Scots law, an 
emolument due from a vassal to his superior, beyond the 
stated yearly duties, upon certain casual ev^ents. 

CASTI-IST, (cazhffi-ist) n. [It., Sp., Port, easuista.} One 
who studies and resolves cases of conscience. 

€AS'U-IST, V. i. To play the part of a casuist. 

€As"u-li'TI^AL I cases of conscience. 

CAS'U-IS-TRY, (cazh'u-is-try) n. The science or doctrine 
of cases of conscience ; the science of determining the 
lawfulness or unlawfulness of what a man may do. — 
Casus foederis. [L.] The case stipulated by treaty. 

CAT, 71. [Ir. cat ,• Fr. chat.} 1. A name applied to a cer- 
tain species of carniverous quadrupeds, of the genus 
fells. 2. A ship formed on the Norwegian model. 3. A 
strong tackle or combination of pulleys, to hook and draw 
an anchor perpendicularly up to the cat-head of a ship. 4. 
A double tripod, having six feet. — Cat of nine tails, an in- 
strument of punishment, consisting of nine pieces of line 
or cord. 

CAT'-BLOGK, n. A two or three fold block, with an iron 
strop and large hook, used to draw up an anchor to the 
cat-head. 

CAT’S'-EYE, 71. Sun-stone, a subspecies of quartz. 

CAT'-EYED, a. Having eyes like a cat. 

CAT'-FISTI, n. A species of the squahis, or shark. 

GAT’S'-FOOT, 71. A plant of the genus glechoma. 

CAT'-GUT,* 77 . The intestines of slieep or lambs, dried and 
twisted together, used as strings for violins and other in- 
struments. 

CAT'-HARP-INGS, n. Ropes serving to brace in tlie 
shrouds of the lower masts behind their respective yards, 
to tighten the shrouds, and give more room to draw in the 
yards, when the ship is close hauled. 

CAT'-HEAD, n. A strong beam projecting horizontally 
over a ship’s bows. 

CAT’S'-HEAD, 71. A kind of apple. 

CAT'-IIOOK, n. A strong hook fitted to the cat-block. 

CAT'-MINT, n. ,A plant of the genus nepeta. 

CAT’S'-PAW, n. 1. Among seamen, a light air, perceived 


in a calm, by a rippling of the surface of the water ; also, 
a particular turn in tlie bight of a rope, made to hook a 
tackle on. 2. A dupe ; the instrument which another 
uses. 

GAT'-^ALT, n. A sort of salt beautifully granulated, form- 
ed out of the bittern or leach-brine. 

€AT'SIL-VER, n. A fossil, a species of mica. 

€AT'-TAIL, n. 1. A species of reed, of the genus typha. 
2. A substance growing on nut-trees, pines, &c. 

€AT-A-BAP'TIST, n. [Gr. Kara and jSaTrrtarjyj.] One who 
opposes baptism. 

€AT-A-€AUS'TI€, a. [Gr. KaraKavcis.} Catacaustic 
curves, in geometry, are that species of caustic curves, 
which are formed by reflection. 

GAT-A-OHRe'SIS, 71 . [Gr. Karaxpvfyf-^-} An abuse of a 
trope or of words ; a figure in rhetoric, when one word 
is abusively put for another. 

€AT-A-€HKES'TI€, ) a. Belonging to a catachresis ; 

€AT-A-€HRES'T1-€AL, \ forced ; far-fetched ; wrested 
from its natural sense. 

€AT-A-€HRES'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In a forced manner. 

€AT'A-€LYSM, n. [Gr. KaraK^vapos.} A deluge, or over- 
flowing of water. [Little used.} Hall. 

CAT'A-GoMB, (cat'a-come) n. [Gr. Kara and Kvp^os.} 
A cave, grotto, or subterraneous place for tlie burial of 
the dead. 

GAT-A-GOUS/TIGS, n. [Gr. KaraKovw.} That part of 
acoustics, or the doctrine of sounds, which treats of re- 
flected sounds. 

GAT-A-Dl-OP'TRIG, ) a. [Gr. Kara and SiouTopai.} Re- 

GAT-A-DI-OP'TRI-GAL, ] fleeting light. 

GAT^A-DUPE, 71 . [Gr. Kara and Sovircio.} A cataract or 
waterfall. Brewer. 

GAT-AG-MATTG, a. [Gr. Karaypa.} That has the qual- 
ity of consolidating broken parts. 

GAT'A-GRAPH, n. [Gr. Kara and The first 

draught of a picture ; also, a profile. 

GAT-A-LEG'TIG, a. [Gr. Kara and Xryw.] Pertaining 
to metrical composition, or to measure. — Catalectic verses 
are such as want either feet or syllables. 

GAT-A-LEP'SIS, 1 n. [Gr. A sudden suppres- 

GAT'A-LEP-SY, \ sion of motion and sensation, a kind of 
apdplexy, in whicli the patient is speechless, senseless, 
and fixed in one posture. 

GAT-A-LERTIG, a. Pertaining to catalepsy. 

t GAT'A-LO-GiZE, v. t. To insert in a catalogue. 

GAT'A-LOGUE, (kat'a-log) 71 . [Gr. KaraXoyoj.l A list or 
enumeration of the names of men or things disposed in 
order. 

GAT'A-LOGUE, v. t. To make a list of. Herbert. 

GA-TAL'PA, n. A large tree of Carolina. 

GA-TAL^Y-SIS, n. [Gr. xarcXac-if.] Dissolution. Taylor. 
[Little used.} 

GA-TAM'A-RAN, n. In naval language, a float so called. 

GAT-A-Me'NI-A, 71. The menses ; the monthly courses. 

GAT-A-Me'NI-AL, a. [Gr. Karaprjviog.} Pertaining to the 
catamenja, or menstrual discharges. 

GAT'A-MiTE, n. [L. catamitus.} A boy kept for unnat- 
ural purposes. 

GAT'A-MOUNT, or GAT'A-MOUN'TAIN, ti. Cat of the 
mountain ; the wild cat. 

GAT'A-PASM, 71 . [Gr. Karairacpa.} A dry powder for 
sprinkling the body. Coxe. 

GAT'A-PELT, or GAT'A-PULT, 71. [Gr. Karaire^ryg ■, L. 
catapulta.} A military engine used by the ancient Greeks 
and Romans. 

GAT-A-PEL'TIG, a. Pertaining to the catapelt. As a 
noun, the catapelt. 

GAT-A-PHONffGS, 71. [Gr. Kara and (piovr).} The doc- 
trine of reflected sounds, a branch of acoustics. 

GAT'A-PHRAGT, n. [L. cataphracta.} 1. In the ancient 
military art, a piece of heavy defensive armor. 2. A 
horseman in complete armor. Milton. 

GAT'A-PLASM, n. [Gr. Karan^acKa.} A poultice. 

I GAT^A-PUCE, 71 . The herb spurge. Chaucer. 

GAT^A-PULT, 71 . [L. catapulta.} See Catapelt. 

GAT'A-RAGT, n. [L. cataracta.} 1. A great fall of wa- 
ter over a precipice, as that of Niagara. It is a cascade 
upon a great scale. 2. In medicine and surgery, an opaci- 
ty of the crystaline lens, or its capsule ; a disorder in the 
eye, by whicli the pupil, which is usually black and 
transparent, becomes opake, blue, gray, brown, «Scc., by 
which vision is impaired or destroyed. 

GA-TARRH', n. [L. catari'hus.} A defluxion of mucus from 
the membranes of the nose, fauces, and bronchire, with 
fever, sneezing, cough, thirst, lassitude, and loss of appe- 
tite, called also a cold, coryza. An epidemic catarrh is 
called influenza. 

GA-TARRH'AL, ) a. Pertaining to catarrh, produced by 

GA-TARRH'OUS, j it, or attending it. 


*See Synopsis. A, E, 7, 6, tJ, Y, Zon^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD j Obsolete. 


CAT 


129 


CAT 


CA-TAS'TE-RISM, n. [Gr. *caTacTepia}xeg.] A constella- 
tion, or a placing among the stars. 

€A-TAS'TRO-PHE, j n. [Gr. KaracTpoipt).] 1. The change 

€A-TAS'TRO-PHY, \ or revolution which produces the 
final event of a dramatic piece ; or the unfolding and 
winding up of the plot. 2« A final event j conclusion ; 
generally i an unfortunate.conclusion, calamity, or disaster. 

CAT'GALL, n. A squeaking instrument, used in play- 
house^ to condemn plays. 

CATCH, V, t. pret. and pp. catchcd, or caught, [Sp. eager. 
The popular or common pronunciation is ketch.\ 1. To 
seize or lay hold on with the hand ; carrying the sense of 
pursuit, thrusting forward the hand, or rushing on. 2. To 
seize, in a general sense. 3. To seize, as in a snare or 
trap ; to insnare ; to entangle. 4. To seize in pursuit ; 
hence, simply, to overtake. 5. To take hold \ to communi 
cate to. G. To seize the aff*ections ; to engage and attach 
to. 7, To take or receive by contagion or infection. 8. 
To snatch ; to take suddenly. 9. 'J’o receive something 
passing. — To catch at^ to endeavor to seize suddenly. — 
To catch up, to snatch ; to take up suddenly. 

CATCH, c. i. 1. To communicate j to spread by infecting. 
2. To seize and hold, 

CATCH, n. 1. Seizure ; the act of seizing. 2. Any thing 
that seizes or takes hold, as a hook. 3. The posture of 
seizing ; a state of preparation to catch, or of watching an 
opportunity to seize. 4. A sudden advantage taken. 5. 
The thing caught, considered as an object of desire ; prof- 
it ; advantage. 6. A snatch ; a short interval of action. 
7. A little portion. 8. In iau^ic, a fugue in the unison, 
wherein, to humor some conceit in the words, the melo- 
dy is broken, and the sense is interrupted in one part, and 
caught and supported by another, or a different sense is 
given to the words. 

CATCH'A-BLE, a. That may be caught. [JV'ot well author- 
iied,.] 

CATCiHER, n. One who catches j that which catches, 
or in which any thing is caught. 

CATCH'-FLY, n. A plant of the genus lychnis ; campion. 

CATCH'ING, 2W- Seizing ; taking hold j insnaring ; en- 
tangling. 

CATCH'IjN'G, a. Communicating, or that may be communi- 
cated by contagion ; infectious. 

CATCII'PEN-NY', n. Something worthless, particularly a 
book or pamphlet, adapted to the popular taste, and in- 
tended to gain money in market. 

€ATCH'-PoLL, 7t. A bailifTs assistant, so called by way 
of reproach. 

*€ATCH'UP, or*€AT'SUP, n. A liquor extracted from 
mushrooms, used as a sauce. 

€ATCH'-WoRD, n. Among printers, the word placed at 
the bottom of each page, under the last line, which is to 
be inserted as the first word on the following page. 

CATE. See Cates. 

CAT-E-CIIETH-CAL, or €AT-E-€HET'I€, a. 1. Relat- 
ing to oral instruction, and particularly in the first princi- 
ples of the Christian religion. 2. Relating to, or consist- 
ing in asking questions and receiving answers. 

€AT-E-CHET'I-€AL-LY, adv. By question and answer ; 
in the way of oral instruction. 

GAT'E-CHISE, V. t. [Gr. KaTyy^^i^w.] 1. To instruct by 
asking questions, receiving answers, and offering explana- 
tions and corrections. 2. To question ; to interrogate j to 
examine or try by questions, and sometimes with a view 
to reproof, by eliciting answers from a person, which con- 
demn his own conduct. 3. Appropriately, to ask ques- 
tions concerning the doctrines of the Christian religion ; 
to interrogate pupils, and give instruction in the princi- 
ples of religion. 

CAT'E-CHTSED, pp. Instructed. 

€AT'E-€HIS-ER, n. One who catechises 5 one who in- 
structs by question and answer, and particularly in the 
rudiments of the Christican religion. 

€AT'E-CHIS-ING, ppr. Instructing in rudiments or princi- 
ples. 

CAT'E-CIITSM, 71. [Gr. #caT7?^{(rjuo?.] A form of instruc- 
tion by means of questions and answers, particularly in 
the principles of religion. 2. An elementary book, con- 
taining a summary of principles in any science or art, but 
appropriately in religion, reduced to the form of questions 
and answers. 

CAT'E-CHIST, 7J. [Gr. Kary‘)(^i<TTr]^.'\ One who instructs 
by question and answer ; a catechiser ; one appointed by 
the church to instruct in the principles of religion. 

CAT-E-€HIS1’'IC, \ a. Pertaining to a catechist, or cat- 

CAT-E-CHIST'I-CAL, \ echism. 

CAT-E-CIIISTH-CAL-LY, adv. In a catechistical manner. 
South. 

€AT'E-CHU, 7t. Tcm-a Japonica, a dry extract, or brown as- 
tringent substance. 

GAT-E-CHu'MEN, n. [Gr. KarTj^ovfxcva.'] One who is 
in the first rudiments of Christianity ; one who is receiv- 
ing instruction and preparing himself for baptism. 


GAT-E-CHU-MENH-CAL, a. Belonging to catechumens. 

GAT-E-GHO^MEN-IST, n. A catechumen. 

GAT-E-GOR'I-GAL, a. 1. Pertaining to a category. 2. Ab- 
solute j positive j express j not relative or liypotheti- 
cal. 

GA P-E-GOR'I-GAL-LY, adv. Absolutely: directly; ex- 
pressly ; positively. 

G A3 'E-GO-R Y, 71. [Gr. KaTyyopia.] In logic, a series or 
order of all the predicates or attributes contained under a 
genus. 

GA3’-E-Na'RI-AN, I a. [L. catenarius.] Relating to a 

GA'P'E-NA-RY, ) chain ; like a chain. 

GAT'E-NATE, v. t. [L. catena. j To chain, or rather to 
connect in a series of links or ties. 

GAT-E-NA'TION, n. Connection of links, union of parts, 
as in a chain ; regular connection. See Concatena- 
tion. 

GAT'E-NU-LATE, a. Consisting of little links or chains. 

Garter, v. i. To provide food j to buy or procure provis- 
ions. 

Ga'TER, n. A provider. [See Caterer.] Old Eng. acha- 
tor. Chaucer. 

Carter, 71. The four of cards or dice ; so written for Fr. 
quatre. 

Ga'TER-CoUS'IN, 71. A quatre-cousin, a remote rela- 
tion. 

Ga''PER-ER, 71. [from cater. In Chaucer, achator, from 
acheter.] A provider, buyer, or purveyor of provisions. 

Ga'TER-ESS, 71. A woman who caters j a female provider 
of food. 

GA3’'ER-PIL-LAR, 7t. The colored and often haiiy larva 
of the lepidopterous insects. 

GAT'ER-PIL-LAR-eAT'ER, 71. A worm bred m the body 
of a caterpillar, which eats it. 

GAT'ER-VVAUL, V. i. To cry or waul, as cats in rutting 
time : to nVake a harsh, offensive noise. 

CAT'ER-WAUL-ING, 71. 3'he cry of cats 5 a harsh, disa- 
greeable noise or cry. 

Ga'TER-Y, 71. 3’he place where provisions are deposited. 

GATES, 71. Delicious food or viands j dainties. 

GATH'A-RTST, n. [Gr. A-aOapof.] One who pretends to 
more purity than others possess. 

GA-THAR'TIG, or GA-THAR'TI-GAL, a. [Gr. Kadapri- 
xoj.] Purging ; cleansing the bowels ; promoting evacu- 
ations by stool ; purgative. 

GA-THAK'TIG, n. A medicine that promotes alvine dis- 
charges, and thus cleanses the stomach and bowels *, a 
purge ; a purgative. 

GA-'rHAR'TI-GAL-NESS, 71. The quality of promoting dis- 
charges from the bowels. 

GA-THe'DRAL, 71. [L. cathedra.] The see or seat of a 
bishop •, the principal church in a diocese. 

GA-THe'DRAL, a. I. Pertaining to the church which is 
the bishop’s seat, or head church of a diocese 5 containing 
the see of a bishop. 2. Resembling the aisles of a cathe- 
dral. 

GATH'E-DRA-TED, a. Relating to the authority of the 
cliair or office of a teacher. 

GATH'E-RlNE-PEAR, 71. An inferior kind of pear. 

GATH'E-TER, 71. [Gr. Kaderyp.] In surgery, a tubular 
instrument, usually made of silver, to be introduced into 
the bladder, to draw off the urine when the natural dis- 
charge is sujjpressed. 

GATH'E-TUS, n. [Gr. KaOero^.] In geometry, a line or 
radius, falling perpendicularly on another line or surfiice. 

GAl’^HOLES, 71. Two little holes astern above the gun- 
room ports of a ship. 

CATH'O-LIG, a. [Gr. AaOoXtxof.] 1. Universal or general ; 
as, the Catholic church. 2. Liberal ; not narrow-minded, 
partial or bigoted. — Catholic epistles, the epistles of the 
apostles which are addressed to all the faithful, and not to 
a particular church. 

GATH'O-LIG, 71. A papist. 

GA-THOL'I-GAL, a. General. Gregory. 

* GATH^O-LT-CISM, n. I . Adherence to the Catholic church. 

2. Universality, or the orthodox faith of the whole church. 

3. More generally, liberality of sentiments. 

* GATIPO-LI-CIZE, V. i. To become a Catholic. [Uttle 
used.] 

GATH'O-LTG-LY, adv. Generally ; in a Catholic manner. 

GATH'O-LIG-NESS, 71. Universality. 

GA-THOL'I-GON, 71. [Gr. KadoXiKov.] A remedy for .all 
diseases ; a universal remedy ; a remedy supposed to be 
efficacious in purging away all humors •, a panacea. 

GATH-LIN-ISM, 71. The practices of Catiline, the Roman 
conspirator ; conspiracy. 

GAT'KIN, 71. In botany, a species of calyx, or rather of in- 
ti orescence. 

GAT'-LIKE, a. Resembling a cat. Shak. 

GATTANG, n. 1. A dismembering knife, used by surgeons. 
2. The down or moss growing about walnut-trees, resem- 
bling the hair of a cat. 3. Catgut. Shak. 

GAT'NIP, 71. A plant j cat-mint. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J j S as Z ; CH as SH j TH as in this. 

9 


t UbsoUte. 


CAV 


CAU 130 


CA-ToWI-AN, a. Pertaining to or resembling Cato ; grave j 
severe ; inflexible. 

CA-TOP'TER, orCA-TOP^TRON, n. [Gr. Karoizr^ov.'] An 
optical glass or instrument. 

€A-TOP<TRie, ) a. Relating to catoptrics, or vision by 

CA-TOP'TRI-CAL, J reflection. 

CA-TOP'TRICS, 71. [Gr. Karoirr^iKog.'] That part of optics 
which explains the properties of reflected light. 

€A-TOP'TRO-M AN-CY, n. [Gr. *:aro7rrpo/iavraa.] A spe- 
cies of divination among the ancients. 

CAT'-PIPE. See Catcall. 

* CAT SUP. See Catchup, Ketchup. 

CAT'TLE, 71. sing, or ■pin. [Norm, catal, chasteL] 1. 
Beasts or quadru'peds in general, serving for tillage, or 
other labor, and for food to man. In its primary sense, 
the word includes camels, horses, asses, all the varieties 
of domesticated horned beasts, of the bovine genus, sheep 
of all kinds, and goats. 2. In the United States, cattle, in 
common usage, signifies only beasts of the bovine genus, 
oxen, bulls, cows, and their young. 3. In reproach, hu- 
man beings are called cattle. 

€AU-€a'S 1AN, or €AU-€A-Sk'AN, a. Pertaining to 
Mount Caucasus in Asia. 

CAUC'US, n. A word used, in America, to denote a meet- 
ing of citizens to agree upon candidates, to be proposed 
for election to oflices, or to concert measures for sup- 
porting a party. The origin of the word is not ascer- 
tained. 

CAUD'AL, a. [L. cauda.l Pertaining to a tail; or to the 
thread which terminates the seed of a plant. 

CAUD^ATE ) 

TfEE 1 cauda."^ flaving a tail. Favr^ajc. 

CAUD'EX, n. ; plu. Caudexes. [L.] In botany, the stem 
of a tree. 

CAU'DLE, 71. [Ft* chaudeau.'] A kind of warm broth, a 
mixture of wine and other ingredients. 

CAU'DLE, V. t. To make or prepare caudle, or to dress 
with caudle. Shak. 

CAUF, n. A chest with holes for keeping fish alive in 
water. 

CAUGHT, (cawt) pret. andpp. oi catch. 

CAUK, *or CAWK, 71. A name given, by miners, to cer- 
tain specimens of the compact sulphate of barytes. 

CAUK'Y, a. Pertaining to cauk ; like cauk. 

CAUL, 71. [L. caula.^ 1. In anatomy, a membrane in the 
abdomen, covering the greatest part of the lower intes- 
tines. 2. A kind of net in which females inclose their 
hair ; the liinder part of a cap. 3. Any kind of net. 

CAU-LES'CENT, a. [L. caulis.} In botany, having a stem 
different from that which produces the flower. 

CAU^LET, 71. [L. caulns.^ Cole wort. 

C AU-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. caulis and fcro.] In botany, hav- 
ing a stem or stalk. 

CAUL'I-FLOW-ER, n. [It. cavoljiore.] A variety of bras- 
sica, or cabbage, well known and much esteemed. 

CAUL'I-FORM, a. [L. caulis and forma.] Having the form 
of a stalk, or of stems. 

CAUL'INE, a. [L. caulis.] In botany, growing immediate- 
ly on the stem. 

CAULK. See Calk. 

t CaUP'O-NATE, V. i. [L. cauponor.] To keep a victual- 
ing house. 

f CAUP'O-NiSE, V. t. To sell wine or victuals. 

CAUS'A-BLE, a. That may be caused, produced or effected. 

CAUS'AL, a. Relating to a cause or causes ; implying or 
containing a cause or causes ; expressing a cause. 

CAUS'AL, 77. In grammar, a word that expresses a cause, 
or introduces the reason. 

CAUS-ALT-TY, n. The agency of a cause ; the action or 
power of a cause, in producing its effect. 

CAUS'AL-LY, adv. According to the order or series of 
causes. Brown. 

CAUS'AL-TY, 71. Among miners, the lighter, earthy parts 
of ore, carried off by washing. 

CAUS-a'TION, 77. The act of causing or producing; the 
act or agency by which an effect is produced. 

€AUS'A-TiVE, a. That expresses a cause or reason ; also, 
that effects as a cause. 

GAUS'A-TIVE-LY, adv. In a causative manner. 

UAUS-A'TOR, 77. One who causes or produces an effect. 

CAUSE, 77. [Fr. cause ,* Sp., Port., It. causa ; L. causa.] 1. A 
suit or action in court ; any legal process which a party 
institutes to obtain his demand. 2. That which produces 
an effect ; that by virtue of which any thing is done ; that 
from which any thing proceeds, and without which it 
would not exist. 3. The reason or motive that urges, 
moves, or impels the mind to act or decide. 4. Sake ; 
account. 5. That which a party or nation pursues ; or 
rather pursuit, prosecution of an object. — 6. Without cause, 
without good reason. 

CAUSE, V. t. 1. To produce ; to bring into existence. 2. To 
effect by agency, power, or influence. 

t CAUSE, V. i. To assign insufficient cause. 


CAUSED, pp. Produced ; effected ; brought about. 

CAUSE'LESS, a. 1. Having no cause, or producing agent 

2. Without just ground, reason or motive. 

CAUSE'LESS-LY, adv. Without cause or reason. 

CAUSE'LESS-NESS, 77. The state of being causeless. 

CAUS'ER, 77. He that causes ; the agent by which an effect 

is produced. 

CAUS'EY, (cauz'y) n. [Norm, calsay j Fr. chaussee.] A 
way raised above the natural level of the ground, by 
stones, earth, timber, fascines, &c., serving as a dry pas- 
sage over wet or marshy ground. 

CAU-SID'I-CAL, a. [L. causidicus.] Pertaining to an ad- 
vocate, or to the maintenance and defense of suits. 

CAUS'ING,;)pr. Producing; effecting; bringing into being. 

CAUS'TIC, ) a. [Gr. KavariKog.] Burning ; corroding ; 

CAUS'TI-CAL, \ destioying the texture of animal flesh. 

CAUS'TIC, n. In medicine, any substance which, applied to 
living animals, acts like fire ; an escharotic. 

CAUS-TIC I-TY, 77. The quality of acting like fire on ani- 
mal matter. 

CAUS'TIC-NESS, 77. The quality of being caustic. Scott. 

fCAU'TEL, 77. [L. ca77teZa.] Caution. Shak. 

CAIJ^TEL-OUS, a. [Fr. cauteleux.] 1. Cautious ; wary ; 
provident. 2. Cunning ; treacherous ; wily. 

CAU'TEL-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Cunningly ; slily ; treacher- 
ously. Bacon. 2. Cautiously ; warily. Brown. 

CAU'TEL-OUS-NESS, n. Cautiousness. 

CAU^TER, 77. A searing hot iron. Minsheu. 

CAU'TER-ISM, 77. The application of cautery. 

CAU-TER-I-Za'TION, 77. In surgery, the act of burning 
or searing some morbid part, by the application of fire. 

CAU'TER-IZE, 77. t. [Ftc. cauteriser.] To burn or sear with 
fire or a hot iron, as morbid flesh. 

CAU'TER-lZED, pp. Burnt or seared with a hot iron. 

CAU'TER-IZ-ING,;7pr. Burning, as with a hot iron. 

CAU'TER-iZ-ING, n. The act of burning, as with a hot 
iron. 

CAU'TER-Y, 77, [Gr. tcavrypiov.] A burning or searing, as 
of morbid flesh, by a hot iron, or by caustic medicines. 

CAU'TION, 77. [L. cautio ; Fr. caution.] 1. Provident care ; 
prudence in regard to danger ; wariness. 2. Security for. 

3. Provision or security against ; measures taken for se- 
curity. 4. Precept ; advice ; injunction ; warning ; ex- 
hortation, intended as security or guard against evil. 

CAU'TION, V. t. To give notice of danger ; to warn ; to 
exhort ; to take heed. 

CAU'TION-A-RY, u. 1. Containing caution, or warning, to 
avoid danger. 2. Given as a pledge or in security. 

CAU'TIONED, pp. Warned; previously admonished. 

CAU'TION-ER, 71. In Scots law, the person who is bound 
for another, to the performance of an obligation. 

CAU'TION-ING, ppr. Warning; giving previous notice of 
danger. 

CAU'TION-RY, 77. In Scots law, the act of giving security 
for another. 

CAU'TIOUS, a. Wary ; watchful ; careful to avoid evils , 
attentive to examine probable effects and consequences 
of measures, with a view to avoid danger or misfortune ; 
prudent ; circumspect. 

CAU'TIOUS-LY, adv. With caution ; in a wary, scrupu- 
lous manner. 

CAU'TIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being cautious , 
watchfulness ; provident care ; circumspection ; prudence 
with regard to danger. 

CAV'AL-CADE, n. [Fr. cavalcade.] A procession of per- 
sons on horseback. 

CAV-A-LIeR', 77. 1. A horseman, especially an armed 
horseman ; a knight. 2. A gay, sprightly, military man. 
3. The appellation of the party of king Charles I. — 4. In 
fortification, an elevation of earth, situated ordinarily in 
the gorge of a bastion, bordered with a parapet, with em- 
brasures.— 5. In the manege, one who understands horse- 
manship. _ 

€AV-A-LIeR', a. 1. Gay ; sprightly ; warlike ; brave ; 
generous._ 2. Haughty ; disdainful. 

€AV-A-LIeR'LY, adv. Haughtily ; arrogantly ; disdain- 
fully. 

€AV-A-LIeR'NESS, 77. Haughtiness ; a disdainful man- 
ner. 

CAV'AL-RY, 77. [Fr. cavalerie.] A body of military troops 
on horses ; a general term, including light-horse, dragoons, 
and other bodies of men, serving on horseback. 

Ca'VATE, V. t. To dig out and make hollow ; but super- 
seded by excavate. 

€AV-A-Ti'NA, n. [It.] In music, a short air, without a 
return or second part, which is sometimes relieved by reci- 
tative. 

CA-Va'ZION, 77. [L. cavo.] In architecture, the underdig- 
ging or hollowing of the earth for the foundation of a 
building. 

CAVE, 77. [Fr. cave ; L. cavea.] A hollow place in the 
earth ; a subterraneous cavern ; a den. 

CAVE, V. t. To make hollow. Spenser. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, Zc777^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


CEM 


CEl 131 


CAVE, t). i* To dwell in a cave. Skak . — To cave in, to fall 
in and leave a hollow. 

Ca'VE-AT, 71. [L.] 1. In law, a process in a court, especially 
in a spiritual court, to stop proceedings, as to stop the prov- 
ing of a will 5 also, to prevent the institution of a clerk 
to a benefice. — In ./3/nmca, it is used in courts of common 
law. 2. Intimation of caution ; hint ; warning ; admo- 
nition. 

Ca'VE-AT, V. i. To enter a caveat. Judge Innes. 
Ca'VE-A-TING, 71. In fencing, the shifting of the sword 
from one side of an adversary to the other. 
Ga'VE-A-TOR, n. One who enters a caveat. Judge Innes. 
CAV'ERN, 71. [L. caverna.^ A deep, hollow place in the 
earth. 

CAV'ERNED, a. 1. Full of caverns, or deep chasms ; hav- 
ing caverns. 2. Inhabiting a cavern. 

€AV'ERN-OUS, a. [L. cavernosus.] Hollow j full of cav- 
erns. Woodicard. 

CAV-ERN'U-LOUS, a. [L. cavernula.'] Full of little cavi- 
ties. 

CA-VET'TO, n. [from It. cavo.'] In architecUtre, a hollow 
member, or round concave molding. 

CAV^E-ZON, or CAV^ES-SON, n. [Fr. cavegon, or caves- 
soTi.] A sort of nose-band, which is put on the nose of a 
horse to forward the breaking of him. 

CA-VIAR', (ca-veer') 71. [Sp. cabial ; It. caviale.] The roes 
of certain large fish, prepared and salted. 

CAV'IL, V. i. [Sp. cavilar.] 1. To raise captious and frivo- 
lous objections ; to find fault without good reason. 2. To 
advance futile objections, or to frame sophisms, for the 
sake of victory in an argument. 

€AV'IL, V. t. To receive or treat with objections. [A'ot 

US 7 Ull.'\ 

€AV'IL, 71. False or frivolous objections ; a fallacious kind 
of reason. 

€AVftL-ER, 71. One who cavils ; one who is^^apt to raise cap- 
tious objections ; a captious disputant. 

GAV'IL-ING, 27/77*. Raising frivolous objections. 
GAV^IL-ING-LY, adv. In a caviling manner. 
€AV'IL-IjVG-NESS, n. The disposition to cavil. 
CAV-IL-a'TION, n. [L. cavillatio.] The act or practice 
of caviling, or raising frivolous objections. 

GAV'IL-OUS, a. Captious ; unfair in argument ; apt to ob- 
ject without good reason. 

€AV'IL-OUS-LY, adv. In a cavilous manner ; captiously. 
GAV'IL-OUS-NESS, n. Captiousness ; disposition or apti- 
tude to raise frivolous objections. 

CAV'IN, 71. [Fr.] In the military art, a hollow waj*, or 
natural hollow, adapted to cover troops. 

CAV'I-TY, 71. [L. cavitas.~\ A hollow place ; hollowness ; 
an opening. 

CAV^O-LIN-ITE, 71. Vesuvian mineral. 

Ca'VY, 71. A genus of quadrupeds, holding a middle place 
between the murine and lepo 7 ~ine tribes. 

CAW, V. i. [Sax. ceo.] To cry like a crow, rook, or raven. 
CAX’ON, 71. A cant expression for a wig. 

CAX'OU, 71. [Sp. caxa, caxon.] A chest of ores of any 
metal that has been burnt, ground and washed, and is 
ready to be refined. [Local.] 

Ca Y'MAN, 71. An animal of the genus lacerta, found in the 
West Indies *, the alligator. 

CA-ZIC', or €A-Z1Q,UE', (ca-zeek^) n. The title of a king 
or chief among several tribes of Indians in America. 
CeASE, V. i. [Fr. cesser.] 1. To stop moving, acting or 
speaking ; to leave off ; to give over. 2. To fail ; to be 
wanting. 3. To stop j to be at an end. 4. To be forgot- 
ten. 5. To abstain. 

CkASE, V. t. To put a stop to ; to put an end to. Milto 7 i. 
t CeASE, 71. Extinction. Shak. 

CeASE'LESS, a. 1. Without a stop or pause ; incessant ; 
continual ; without intennission. 2. Endless j enduring 
for ever. 

CeASE' LESS-LY, adv. Incessantly ; perpetually. 
CExAS'ING, p/ 77*. Stopping *, ending ; desisting *, failing. 
CEC-CIIiN', 71. A coin of Italy and Barbary. See Zechin. 

* OL'Cl-TY , n. ['Ll. cwcitas.] Blindness. Brorvn. 
f CE-CU'TIEN-CY, 71. Tendency to blindness. 

Ce'DAR, 71. [L. cedrus.] A tree. 

Ce'DAR-LIKE, a. Resembling a cedar. 

Ce'DARN, a. Pertaining to the cedar. Milton. 

CEDE, V. t. [Fr. ceder.] 1. To yield *, to surrender *, to give 
up ; to resign. 2. To relinquish and grant. 

CeD'ED, / ip. Yielded ; surrendered ; given up. 
CED'ING,ppr. Yielding; giving up. 

Ce'DRAT, 71. A species of citron-tree. 

Ce'DRINE, a. Belonging to cedar. 

Ce'DRY, a. Having the color or properties of cedar. 
tCED'ULE, 71. A scroll ; a writing. Cotgrave. 

CED'U-OUS, a. Fit to be felled. Evelyn. 

CEIL, (seel) v. t. [Sp. cielo.] To overlay or cover the inner 
roof of a building *, or to cover the top or roof of a room. 
(/EILED, pp. Overlaid with timber, or with plastering. 
('eIL'ING, ppr. Covering the top of a room or building. 
CeIL'ING, 71. 1. The covering which overlays the inner 


roof of a building, or the timbers which form the top of a 
room. — 2._ In ship~buildmg, the inside planks of a ship. 
CEL'AN-DiXE, 71. [D. celedo7iie.] A plant, swallow-wort, 
horned or prickly poppy. 

*Ce'LA-TURE, 71. [L. cailatura.] 1. The act or art of en- 
graving or embossing. 2. That which is engraved. 
CEL'E-BRATE, v. t. [Fr. celebrer ,• L. celebro.] 1. To 
praise ; to extol ; to commend ; to give praise to ; to make 
famous. 2. To distinguish by solemn rites ; to keep holy. 
3. To honor or distinguish by ceremonies and marks of 
joy and respect. 4. To mention in a solemn manner, 
whether of joy or sorrow. 

CEL'E-BRA-TED, /7/7. Praised ; extolled ; honored. 
CEL'E-BRA-TING, ppr. Praising ; honoring. 
CEL-E-BRa'TION, 71. 1. Solemn performance *, a distinguish- 
ing by solemn rites. 2. A distinguishing by ceremonies, 
or by marks of joy or respect. 3. Praise ; renown ; lionor 
or distinction bestowed. 

CEL'E-BRA-TOR, 71. One who celebrates. 
CE-Le'BRI-OUS, a. Famous ; renowned. [Little used.] 
CE-Le'BRI-OUS-LY, adv. With praise or renown. [L. u.] 
CE-Le'BRI-OUS-NESS, 71. Fame ; renown. [Little used.] 
CE-LEB'RI-TY, n. [Li. celebritas.] 1. Fame ; renown : the 
distinction or honor publicly bestowed on a nation or per 
son, on character or exploits. 2. Public and splendi 
transaction. 

CEL'E-RI. See Celery. 

CE-Le'RI-A€, 71. A variety of celery, called also the tur 
nep-rooted celery. Sec Celery. 

CE-LER'I-TY, 71. [L. celeritas.] 1. Rapidity in motion ; 
swiftness ; speed. 2. An affection of motion by which a 
movable body runs through a given space in a given 
time. 

CEL'E-RY, 71. [Fr. ceZc?*i.] A plant, a species of apium, 
cultivated for the table. 

CE-LES'TIAL, a. [L. calestis.] 1. Heavenly ; belonging 
or relating to heaven ; dwelling in heaven. 2. Belonging 
to the upper regions, or visible heaven. 3. Descending 
from heaven. 

CE-LES'TIAL, 71. An inhabitant of heaven. Pope. 
CE-LES'TIAL-LY, adv. In a heavenly or transporting 
mariner. 

fCE-LES'TI-FY, v. t. To communicate something of a 
heavenly nature to any thing. 

CEL'ES-TIN, ) 71. In mineralogy , native sulphate of 
CEL'ES-TINE, ] strontian. 

CEL'ES-TIXS, 71. A religious order, so named from Pope 
^elestin. 

Ce'LI-AC, a. [L. coeliacus.] Pertaining to the lower belly, 
or intestines. 

* CE-LIB'A-CY, or CEL'I-BA-CY, n. [L. ccelebs, caliba- 
Uis.'i An unmarried state ; a single life. 

CELI'-BATE, 71. A single life *, celibacy. 

CELL, 77. [L. cella.] 1. A small or close apartment, as in a 
prison, or a bath. 2. A cottage ; a cave ; a small or mean 
place of residence. 3. A small cavity or hollow place, 
variously applied. — 4. In botanij, a hollow place in a peri- 
carp, particularly in a capsule, in which seeds are lodged. 
— 5. In a7iatomy, a little bag, or bladder, containing fluid 
or other matter. 6. A religious house. 

CEL'LAR, 71. [L. cellarium.] A room under a house or other 
building, used as a repository of liquors, provisions, and 
other stores for a family. 

CEL'LAR-AGE, 71. The room for a cellar ; a cellar, or cel- 
lars. 

CEL'LA-RET, n. A case of cabinet work, for holding bot- 
tles of liquors. [Local.] 

CEL'LAR-IST, or CEL'LAR-ER, n. An officer in a monas- 
tery who has the care of the cellar, 
t CEL'LER-ER, 71. A butler. 

CEL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cella and fero.] Bearing or pro- 
ducing cells. 

CEL'LU-LAR, a. [L. celhila.] Consisting of cells, or con- 
taining cells. Kir wan. — The cellular 7ne7nbrane, in animal 
bodies, is composed of an infinite number of minute cells, 
communicating with each other. 
fCEL'LULE, 77. A little cell. 

CEL-LU-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cellula aud/ero.] Bearing or 
producing little cells. 

CELS'I-TUDE, 71. [L. celsitudo.] Height ; elevation. Clia7i- 
cer. 

CELT, 77. One of the primitive inhabitants of the South of 
Europe. See Celtic. 

CEL-TI-Be'RI-AX, a. Pertaining to Celtiberia. 
CEL-TI-Be'RI-AX, 71. An inhabitant of Celtiberia. 
CELT'IC, a. [W. Celt.] Pertaining to the primitive inhab- 
itants of the South and West of Europe, or to the early 
inhabitants of Italy, Gaul, Spain and Britain. 

CELT'IC, 77. The language of the Celts. 

CELT'I-CISM, n. The manners and customs of the Celts. 
TVarton. 

CELT'TS, 71. The nettle-tree, of several species. 

CEM'EXT, 71 . [L. cceme7itu7i7 .] 1. Any glutinous or other 
substance, capable of uniting bodies in close cohesion. 


* Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BELL, UNITE.— € as K *, G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 


CEN 


132 


CEN 


2. Bond of union ; that which unites firmly. 3. Pow- 
ders, or pastes, surrounding bodies in pots and crucibles, 
for chemical purposes. 

CE-MENT', V. t. J. To unite by the application of matter 
that produces cohesion of bodies. 2. To unite firmly or 
closely. 

CE-INIENT', V. i. To unite or become solid j to unite and 
cohere. 

CEM-EN-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of cementing ; the act 
of uniting by a suitable substance. — 2. In chemistry^ the 
act of applying cements to substances, or the corroding 
and changing of them by cement. 

CE-MENT'A-TO-RY, a. Cementing*, having the quality 
of uniting firmly. 

CE-MEx\l 'El),p;>. United by cement *, changed by cement j 
firmly united ; consolidated. 

CE-MENT'£ll, n. The person or thing that cements. 

CE-MENT'ING, ppr. Uniting by cement ; changing by 
means of a cement ; uniting closely ; consolidating. 

CEM-EN-Tl'^TIOUS, a. Having the quality of cementing ; 
oonglutinating ; tending to unite or consolidate. 

CEM'E-T£R-Y, n. [L. emmet eriurn.] A place where the 
dead bodies of human beings are buried. 

CEN and CIN denote kinsfolk. Gibson. 

* CEN'A-TO-RY, a. [L. ccenatorius.'] Pertaining or relat- 
ing to supper. Brown. 

Ce'NO-BTTE, 71. [Gr. koivo^iott}^.'] One of a religious order, 
who live in a convent, or in community. 

CEN-O-BIT'IC, \ a. Living in community, as men be- 

CEN-O-BITH-CAL, | longing to a convent. 

Ce'NO-BY, n. A place where persons live in community. 
Buck. 

CEN'O-TAPH, 71. [Gr. KcvoraSiuv.] An empty tomb erect- 
ed in honor of some deceased person j a monument erect- 
ed to one who is buried elsewhere. 

CENSE, (sens) n. [L. censtis.] 1. A public rate or tax. 
Bacon. 2. Condition ; rank ; [oZ>s.l B. Jonson. 

CENSE, V. t. [Fr. encenser.] To perfume with odors from 
burning substances. 

GENS'ER, 71. [Fr. encensoir.] A vase or pan in which in- 
cense is burned. 

CENS'ING, ppr. Perfuming with odors. 

fCEN'SION, 71. [L. censio.] A rate, tax, or assessment. 
.T. Bail . 

CENS'OR, n. [L. censor.] 1. An officer in ancient Rome, 
whose business was to register the effects of the citizens, 
to inspect their manners, and impose taxes. 2. One who 
is empowered to examine all manuscripts and books, be- 
fore they are committed to the press. 3. One who is giv- 
en to censure. 

CEN-So'RI-AL, ) a. 1. Belonging to a censor, or to the 

CEN-So'RI-AN, ^ correction of public morals. 2. Full of 
censure. Sec Censorious, the proper word. 

CEN-So'Rl-OUS, a. 1. Addicted to censure ; apt to blame 
or condemn ; severe in making remarks on others, or on 
their writings or manners. 2. Implying or expressing 
censure. 

CEN-S()'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In a censorious manner. 

CEN-So'RI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Disposition to blame and 
condemn ; the habit of censuring or reproaching. 2. The 
quality of being censorious. 

CENS'OR-LIKE, a. Censorious ; austere. Cotgrave. 

CENS'OB-PHIP, n. The office or dignity of a censor; the 
time during which a censor holds his office. 

CENi5'U-AL, (sen'shu-al) a. [L. censualis.^ Relating to, or 
containing a census ; liable to be rated. 

CENS U-RA-BLE, (sen'shu-ra-bl)a. [See Censure.] Wor- 
thy of censure ; blamable ; culpable ; reprehensible ; 
faulty. 

CENS'U-RA-BLE-NESS, n. Blamableness ; fitness to be 
censured. fV hillock. 

CEN.*:>'U-RA-BLY, ado. In a manner worthy of blame. 

CENS'URE, (sen'shur) 7?. [L. ceM,9j/.ra ,* Fr. censure.] l.The 
act of blaming or finding fault, and condemning as wrong. 
2. Judicial sentence ; judgment that condemns. 

CENSTJRE, (sen'shur) v. t. [Fr. censurer.] 1. To find fault 
with and condemn as wrong ; to blame ; to express dis- 
approbation of. 2. To condemn by a jjidicial sentence, 
as in ecclesiastical affairs. 3. To estimate ; [not in use.] 
Shak. 

tCENSURE, v.i. To judge. 

CENvS'URED, pp. Blamed ; reproved ; condemned. 

CENS'UR-ING, ppr. Blaming ; finding fault with ; con- 
demning. 

CENS'US, 71 . [L. from censeo. See Cense.] 1. In ancient 
Rome, an authentic declanation made before the censors, 
by the citizens, of their names and places of abode. 2. In 
the United States of America, an enumeration of the in- 
habitants, taken by public authority. 

CENT, 71. [Fr. cent.] 1. A hundred. In commerce, per 
cent, denotes a certain rate by the hundred. — 2. In the 
United States of America, a copper coin whose value is 
the hundredth part of a dollar. 

CENT' AGE, n. Rate by the cent or hundred. 


CEN'TAUR, n. [L. centaurus.] 1. In mytholo^, a fabtl* 
lous being, supposed to be half man and half horse. 
2. Part of a southern constellation, in form of a centaur; 
the archer. Evcyc. 

CEN'TAUR-LIKE, a. Having the appearance of a centaur. 

CEN'TAU-RY, n. [L. centaurea.] 'Ihe name of a plant, 
and a genus of plants, of numerous species. 

CEN-TE-Na'RI -AN, 71. A person a hundred years old. 
Trans, of Malte-Brun. 

CENT'EN-A-RY, n. [L. centenarius.] The number of a 
hundred. 

CENT'EN-A-RY, a. Relating to a hundred ; consisting of 
a hundred. 

CEN-TEN'NI-AL, a. [L. centum.] 1. Consisting of a hun- 
dred years, or completing that term. 2. Pertaining to a 
hundred years. 3. Happening every hundred years. 

CEN-TES'i-MAL, a. [L. centesimus.] The hundredth. As 
a noun, the next step of progression after decimal in the 
arithmetic of fractions. 

CEN-TES-I-Ma'T10N, n. A military punishment, for de- 
sertion, mutiny or the like, where one person in a hundred 
is selected for execution. 

f CEN'TESM, 71. [L. centesimus.] The hundredth part of 
an integer or thing. 

CEN-TI-FO'LI-OUS, a. [L. centum and folium.] Having a 
hundred lea\ es. 

CEN'TI-GRADE, a. [L. centum and ^radui*.] Consisting of 
a hundred degrees ; graduated into a hundred divisions 
or equal parts. 

CEN'TI-GRAM, n. [L. centum, and gram.] In French mea$~ 
ure, the hundredth part of a gram. 

CEN'TI-LIT-ER, n. [L. centum, and Fr. litre, or litron.] 
The hundredth pait of a liter. 

CEN-TIL'O-CiUY, n. An hundred-fold discourse. Burton, 

CEN-TIM'E-TER, n. [L. centum, and Gr. perpov.] In 
French measure, the hundredth part of a metre. 

tCEN'TI-NO-DY, 7J. Knotgrass. 

CEN'TI-PED, 71. [L. centipeda.] An insect having a hun- 

CEN'TI-PEE, for centiped, is not used. 

CENT'NER, n. [L. centum, centenarius.] In metallurgy 
and assaying, a dociinastic hundred. 

CEN'TO, n. [L.] A composition formed by verses or pas- 
sages from other authors, disposed in a new order. 

CEN'TRAL, a. [L. centralis.] Relating to the centre; 
placed in the centre or middle ; containing the centre, or 
pertaining to the parts near the centre. — Central forces, in 
mechanics, the powers which cause a moving body to 
tend towards or recede from the centre of motion. 

CEN-TRAL'I-TY, n. The state of being central. 

CEN'TRAL-LY, ado. With regard to the centre ; in a cen- 
tral manner. 

CEN'TRE, ) 71. [Gr. tcevrpov.] 1. A point equally distant 

CEN'TER, ] from the extremities of a line, figure, or body ; 
the middle point or place. 2. The middle or central object. 
In an army, the body of troops occupying the place in the 
line between the wings 3. A single body or house. 

CEN'TRE, \v.t. 1. To place on a centre ; to fix on a central 

CEN TER, ) point. 2. To collect to a point. 

CEN'TRE, \v.i. 1. To be collected to a point. 2. To be 

CEN'TER, ) collected to a point ; to rest on. 3. To be 
placed in the middle. 

CEN'TRED, pp. Collected to a point or centre ; fixed on 
a central point. 

CEN TRING, ppr. riacing on the centre ; collecting to a 
point. 

CEN'TRIC, a. Placed in the centre or middle. 

CEN'TRI-€AL-LY, adv. In a central position. 

CEN'TRI-CAL-NEES, n. Situation in the centre. 

* CEN-TRIF'U-GAL, a. [L. centrum and fugio.] Tending 
to recede from the centre. — The centrifugal force of a 
body is that force by which all bodies moving round ano- 
ther body in a curve tend to fly off* from the axis of their 
motion. 

*CEN-TRIP'E-TAL, a. [L. centrum and peto.] Tending 
towards the centre. — Centripetal force is that force which 
draws or impels a body tow.ards some point as a 
centre. [A'bfe. The common accentuation of centrifugal 
and centripetal is artificial and harsh. The accent on the 
first and third syllables, as in circumpolar , would be natu- 
ral and easy.] 

CEN'TUM-VIR, 71. [L. centum and rir.] One of a hundred 
and five judges, in ancient Rome. 

CEN-TUM'VI-RAL, a. Pertaining to the centumvirs. 

CEN'TU-PLE, a. [Fr.] A hundred fold. 

CEN'TU-PLE, V. t. To multiply a hundred fold. 

CEN-TD'PLI-CATE, v. t. [L. centum and plicatus.] To 
make a hundred fold. 

CEN-Tu'RI-AL, a. Relating to a century, or a hundred 
years. J TVoodbridge. 

CEN-Tu'RI-ATE, v. t. [L. centurio.] To divide into hun- 
dreds. 

CEN-TU-RT-a'TOR, or CEN'TU-RIST, n. [Fr. cevturia- 
teur.] An historian who distinguishes time into centuries. 


♦ See Synopsis, a, E, I, 0, C, Y, FAR, F^LL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete 


CER 


las 


CES 


CEN-TO'RI-ON, n. [L. eenturio.^ Among the Romans^ a i 
military officer who commanded a hundred men. 

CEN'TU-RV, 71. [L. centuria.] 1. In a general sense^ a 
hundred. 2. A division of tlie Roman people ; a compa- 
ny consisting of a hundred men. 3. A period of a hun- 
dred years. 

CENT-ZONT'LI, n. The Mexican name of the turdus poly- 
glottusj or mocking thrusli. 

CEOL, Sax. a ship, L. celoz^ or Eng. keel. This word is 
sometimes found prefixed to names. 

CEPIi-A-LAL'(jtIC, 77 . A medicine good for the headache. 

CEPH'A-LAL-GY, ?i. [Gr. Kcpa\a\yia.] The headache. 

CE-PIIAL'I€, a. [Gr. xe^aXt/coj.] Pertaining to the head. 

CE-PH AL'[€, n. A medicine for headache or other disorder 
in tlie^head. 

CE-PIlF.'US, 71 . A constellation in the northern hemi- 
sphere. 

CK'PHUS, 77 . A fowl of the duck kind ; also, a species of 
monkey, the vwna. 

CER-A-SEE', 71. The male balsam apple. 

CER'A-SIN, 77 . [L. cfra*’U 5.1 Any gummy substance which 
swells in cold water, but does not readily dissolve in it. 

CER'A-SITE, 77 . [L. cerasum.] A petrifaction resembling a 
cherry. 

CE-RAS'TES, 77 . [Gr. Tccpaorr??.] In zoology^ the name of 
a serpent, of the genus coluber. 

CE'RATE, 77 . [L. ceratum.] A thick kind of ointment, com- 
posed of wax and oil, with other ingredients. 

Cf.'RA-TED, a. [L. ceratus.] Covered with wax. 

CERE, 77 . The naked skin that covers the base of a hawk’s 
bill. 

CERE, V. t. [L. cera.] To wax, or cover with wax. 

t CE-RE-a'LI-OUS, a. Pertaining to corn. Sir. T. Broten. 

CER'E-BEL, \ 77 . [^L. cerebellum.] The hinder part 

CER-E-BEL LUM, I of the head, or the little brain. 

CER'E-BRAL, ) a. [L. cerebrum, the brain.] Pertaining to 

CER'E-BRINE, ) the cerebrum, or brain. 

CeRE'CLOTH, 71. [L. cera, and cloth.] A cloth smeared 
with melted wax, or with some gummy or glutinous mat- 
ter. 

CfRE'MENT, 77 . [L. cera.] Cloths dipped in melted wax, 
with which dead bodies were infolded when embalmed. 

CER-E-MO'NT-AL, a. 1. Relating to ceremony, or external 
rite : ritual ; according to the forms of established rites. 
2. Formal *, observant of old forms ; exact *, precise in 
manners. Vryden. [In this sense, ceremonious is now 
used.] 

OER-E-Mo'NI-AL, n. 1. Outward form *, external rite, or 
established forms or rites, including all the forms pre- 
scribed ; a system of rules and ceremonies, enjoined by 
law or established by custom, whether in religious wor- 
ship, in social intercourse, or in the courts of princes. 2 . 
The order for rites and forms in the Romish church, or 
the book containing the rules prescribed to be observed on 
solemn occasions. 

CER-E-Mo'NI-AL-LY, adv. In a ceremonial or formal man- 
ner. 

CER-E-MO'NVAL-NESS, 77. Ceremonial. 

CER-E-Mo^NI-OUS, a 1. Consisting of outward forms and 
rites. [In this sense, ceremonial is now used.] 2. Full of 
ceremony, or solemn forms. 3. According to the rules and 
forms prescribed or customary ; civil ; formally respectful. 
4. Formal ; according to the rules of civility. 5. Formal j 
exact ; precise ; too observant of forms. 

CER-E-Mo'Nl-OUS-LY, adv. In a ceremonious manner j 
formally ; with due forms. 

CER-E-Mo'Nl-OUS-NESS, 77. The use of customary forms ; 
the practice of too much ceremony : great formality in 
manners. 

CER'E-MO-NY, n. [L., Sp., It., Port, ccremonia.] 1. Out- 
ward rite ; external form in religion. 2. Forms of civili- 
ty ; rules established by custom for regulating social inter- 
course. 3. Outward forms of state *, tlie forms prescribed 
or established by order or custom, serving for the purpose 
of civility or magnificence, as in levees of princes, the 
reception of embassadors, &c . — Master of ceremonies, an 
officer who superintends the reception of embassadors. A 
person who regulates the forms to be observed by the com- 
pany or attendants on a public occasion. 

CER'E-O-LITE, n. [L. cera, and Gr. X 7 O 0 ?.] A substance 
which in appearance and softness resembles wax 5 some- 
times confounded with steatite. 

Cf.'RE-OUS, a. [L. cereus.] Waxen ; like wax. Oayton. 

CE'RES, 71. 1. In mythology, the inventor or goddess of 

corn, or rather the name of corn deified. 2. The name of 
ji planet discovered by M. Piozzi, in 1801. 

Ce'RIN, 77. [L. cera.] 1. A peculiar substance which pre- 
cipitates on evaporation, froni alcohol, which has been 
digested on grated cork. 2. The part of common wax 
which dissolves in alcohol. 3. A variety of the mineral 
allanite. 

CE-RINTIFI-ANS, 77. A sect of heretics, so called from Ce- 
rinthus. 


Ce'RITE, 77 . [See Cerium.] 1 . The siliceous oxyd of ceri- 
um, a rare mineral, of a pale rose-red color, with a tinge 
of yellow. 2. A fossil shell. 

Ce'R 1-UM, 77. A metal recently discovered in Sweden, in 
the mineral cerite. 

CE-ROON', 77. [from the Spanish.] A bale or package 
made of skins. 

Ce'ROTE, 77. The same with cerate. 

CER/RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the cerrus, or bitter oak. 
CER'RUS, 77. [L.] The bitter oak. 

CER'TAIN, (ser'tm) a. [Fr. certain.] 1. Sure ; true ; un- 
doubted *, unquestionable j that cannot be denied ; exist- 
ing in fact and truth. 2. Assured in mind ; having no 
doubts j followed by 0 /, before a noun. 3. Unfailing ; al 
ways producing the intended effect. 4. Not doubtful or 
casual ; really existing. 5. Stated ; fixed ; determinate ; 
regular. 6. Particular, 
f CER'TAIN, 77. Quantity; part. Chaucer. 

CER'TAIN-LY, ado. 1 . Without doubt or question ; in truth 
and fact. 2. V\Tthout failure. 

CER'TA IN-NESS, v. Certainty, which see. 

CEIUTAIN-TY, n. 1. A fixed or real state ; truth ; fact. 
2. Full assurance of mind ; exemption from doubt. 3. 
Exemption from failure ; as the certainty of an event, or 
of the success of a medicine. 4. Regularity ; settled 
state. 

t CER'TES, fl(Zy. Certainly; in truth ; verily. Chaucer. 
CER-TIF'I-CATE, n. [Fr. certificat.] 1. A written testi- 
mony not sworn to; a declaration in Avriting, signed by 
the party, and intended to verily a fact. 2. A written 
declaration, under the hand or seal, or both, of some pub- 
lic officer, to be used as evidence in a court, or to substan- 
tiate a fact. 

CER-TIF'I-€ATE, v. t. or i. 1. To give a certificate ; to 
lodge a certificate with the proper officer, for the purpose 
of being exempted from the payment of taxes. J\'ew Eng- 
land. 2. To give a certificate to, acknowledging one to 
be a parishioner. Blackstone. 

CER-T1-FI-€a'TION, n. The act of certifying. 
CER'TI-FlED, pp. Assured ; made certain ; informed. 
CER^TI-FI-ER, 77. One who certifies, or assures. 
CER'TI-FY, V. t. [Fr. certifer.] 1. To testify to in writ- 
ing; to make a declaration m writing, under hand, or 
hand and seal, to make known or establish a fact. 2. To 
give certain information to. 3. To give certain informa- 
tion of. 

CER'TI-FY-ING, ppr. Giving a written testimony, or cer- 
tificate ; giving certain notice ; making certainly known. 
CER-TIO-Ra'RI, 77. [Low L. certioror.] A writ issuing out 
of chancery, or other superior court, to call up the records 
of an inferior court, or remove a cause there depending. 
CER'TI-TUDE, 77. [Low L. certitudo.] Certainty ; assur- 
ance ; freedom from doubt. Dryden. 
fCER'ULE, a. [L. caruleus.] Blue. Dyer. 

CE-RC'LE-OU^ i Sky-colored ; blue. 

CER-U-LIF'IG, a. Producing a blue, or sk 5 ’-color. 
CE-Ru'MEN, 77. [L. cera.] The wax or yellow matter se- 
creted by the ear. 

^CER'USE, 77. [Fr. cc7*775c.] White-lead; a carbonate of 
lead, produced by exposing the metal in tliin plates to the 
vapor of vinegar. — Ceruse of antimony is a white oxyd of 
antimony. 

CER USED, a. Washed with a preparation of white-lead. 
CER'VI-CAL, a. [L. ccrvicalis.] Belonging to the neck, 
CERV'IN, I a. [L. cervimis.] Pertaining to the deer, or to 
CERV^INE, j animals of the genus cervus. 
CE-SA'RE-AN, a. The Cesarean operation is the taking of 
a child from the womb by cutting ; an operation, w'liich, 
it is said, gave name to Ctesar, the Roman emperor. 
CES-PI-Ti'^TIOU?, a. [L. cespe^.] Pertaining to turf; 
made of turf. Oough. 

CES'PI-TOUS, a. Pertaining to turf ; turfy\ 
fCESS, as a noun, a rate or tax, and as a verb, to rate or 
lay a tax, is, probably, a corruption of assess, or from the 
satne root. Spenser. 

t CESS, V. i. [L. c«s5o.] To neglect a legal duty. 

•f CESS, V. t. To rate. Spenser. 

CES-Sa'TION, 77. [L. ce5*af7o.] 1. A ceasing; a stop; a 
rest ; the act of discontinuing motion or action of any 
kind, whether temporary or final. 2. A ceasing or sus- 
pension of operation, force or effect. 

CES-SaWIT, 77. [L.] In law, a writ given by statute, to 
recover lands, when the tenant or occupier has ceased for 
two years to perform the service, which constitutes the 
condition of his tenure. 

CES'SER, 77 . A ceasing ; a rreglect to perform services or 
payment for two yeais. Blackstone. 

CES-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The act of giving way, or receding. 
\Little ?tserf.] Digby. 

CES'SI-BLE, a. Giving way ; yielding ; easy to give way. 
CES SION, 77. [L. CC5S70.] 1. The act of giving way ;*a 
yielding to force or impulse. 2. A yielding, or surrender, 
as of property or rights, to another person. — 3. In the civil 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete 


134 


CHA 


CHA 

law^ a voluntary surrender of a person’s effects to his 
creditors, to avoid imprisonment. — 4. In ecclesiastical law, 
the leaving of a benetice without dispensation, or being 
otherwise qualified. 

CES^SION-A-RY, a. Having surrendered effects, 
t CESS'MENT, 71. An assessment or tax. 

CES'SOR, n. [L. ce^’so.] 1. In law, he that neglects, for 
two years, to perforin the service by which he holds lands, 
so that he incurs the danger of the writ of cessavit. 2. 
An assessor, or taxer. 

CEST, 71. A lady’s girdle. Collins. 

CEST'US, 77. [L*] The girdle of Venus, or marriage-girdle, 
among the Greeks and Romans. 

CE-SU'RA, ) n. [Fr. cesure ; It. cesura ; L. cwsura.] A 
Ce'SURE, \ pause in verse, so introduced as to aid the 
recital, and render the versification more melodious. It 
divides a verse or line into equal or unequal jiarts. 
CE-Su'RAL, a. Pertaining to the cesure. 

CE-Ta'CEOUS, a. [L. cete.] Pertaining to the whale ; be- 
longing to the whale kind. 

Ce'TATE, 71. A compound of cetic acid, with a base. 
CET'E-RA€H, n. A name of a species of asplcnmm. 

Ce TIC, a. [L. cetus.'\ Pertaining to the whale. 

Ce'TIN, n. [L. cetus.l A name given to spermaceti by 
Cltcw cu t * 

CET-O-LOCH-CAL, a. Pertaining to cetology. 
CE-T0L'0-6IST, 7 i. One who is versed in the natural his- 
tory of the whale and its kindred animals. 

CE-TOL'O-OY, 71 . [Gr. ktjtos and Xoyoj.] The doctrine or 
natural history of cetaceous animals. 

Ce'TUS, n. In astrononi7j, the whale, a large constellation 
of the souUiern hemisphere. 

CeY'LAN-iTE, 77. [from Ceylon.] A mineral, classed with 
the ruby family ; calleii also pleonaste. 

C FA UT. A note in the scale of music. 

CHAB'A-SIE, ) 71. [sc/iabasit.] A mineral which has been 
CHAB'A-SITE, ) regarded as a variety of zeolite. 
CHA-COON', 71. [Sp. chacona.]- A dance like a saraband. 
CHAD, (shad) n. A kind of fish. Carew. ^ 

CHAFE, r.t. \Yx. echauffer.] 1. To excite heat"or inflam- 
mation by friction ; also, to fret and wear by rubbing. 2. 
To excite beat in the mind ; to excite passion *, to in- 
flame ; to make angry j to cause to fret ; to provoke or 
incense. 3. To excite violent action ; to cause to rage. 
4. To perfume ; rather, to stimulate, or agitate j to excite 
by pungent odors. 

CHAFE, V. i. 1. To be excited or heated •, to rage ; to fret ; 
to be in violent action. 2. To act violently upon, by rub- 
bing j to fret against, as waves against a shore. 3. To be 
fretted and worn by rubbing. 

CHAFE, 77. 1. Heat excited by friction. 2. Violent agita- 
tion of the mind or passions ; heat ; fret ; passion. 
CHAFED, pp. Heated or fretted by rubbing ; worn by fric- 
tion. 

CHAFFER, n. One who chafes. 

CHaF'ER, 77. [Sax. ceafor.] An insect, a species of scara- 
bcBus, or beetle. 

CHA'FER-Y, 77. In iron wo7'ks, a forge. 

CHAFE'-WAX, 77. In E7igla7id, an officer belonging to the 
lord chancellor, who fits the wax for the sealing of writs. 
CHAFF, 77. [Sax. ceaf.] 1. The husk, or dry calyx of 
com and grasses. 2. Refuse ; worthless matter ; especial- 
ly that which is light, and apt to be driven by the wind. 
CHAF'FER, V. i. [Sax. ceapian.] To treat about a pur- 
chase j to bargain ; to haggle ; to negotiate ; to chop and 
change. 

f CHAF'FER, V. t. To buy ; to exchange. Spc7iser. 
t CHAF'FER, 71. Merchandise. Skelton. 

CHAF'FER-ER, n. One who chaffers ; a bargainer ; a buyer. 
CHAF'FERN, 77. A vessel for heating water. [Z.<7cc/.l 
t CHAF'FER-Y, 7i. Traffick ; buying and selling. 
CHAF'FINCH, n. A species of birds, of the genus fringilla. 
CHAFF'LESS, a. Without chaff. Shak. 

CHAFF'-WEED, n. A plant, cud-weed. 

CHAFF'Y, a. Like chaff; full of chaff ; light. 

CHAF'ING, ppr. Heating or fretting by friction. 
CHaF'ING-DISH, 77. A dish or vessel to hold coals for 
lieating any thing set on it ; a portable grate for coals. 

* CHA-GRIN', 77. [Fr. See Shagreen.] Ill-humor; vex- 
ation ; peevishness ; fretfulness. 

*CHA-GRIN', v.t. [Fr. chagriner.] To excite ill-humor 
in ; to vex ; to mortify. 

* CHA-GRlN'ED, (sha-grind') pp. Vexed; fretted; dis- 
pleased. 

CHAIN, 77. [Fr. chaine.] I. A series of links or rings con- 
nected, or fitted into one another. 2. That which binds ; 
that which restrains, confines, or fetters ; a bond. 3. 
Bondage ; affliction. 4. Bondage ; slavery. 5. Orna- 
ment. 6. A series of things linked together ; a series of 
things connected or following in succession. 7. A range, 
or line of things connected. 8. A series of links, forming 
an instrument to measure land. 9. A string of twisted 
wire, or something similar, to hang a watch on ; and also 
for other purposes. 10. In Fra7ice, a measure of wood for 


cle on poles, borne by men. 6. A pulpit. 7. 
wheeled carriage, drawn by one horse ; a 




fuel, and various commodities, of vaiious length. — 11. In 
ship-building, chains are strong links or plates of iron, 
bolted at the lower end to the ship’s side. — 12. The warf» 
in 7veaving, as in French. 

Chain-pump. This consists of a long chain equipped with a 
sufficient number of valves, moving on two wheels, one 
above, the other below, passing downward through a 
wooden tube, and returning through another. — Chain- 
shot, two balls connected by a chain, and used to cut 
down masts, or cut away shrouds and rigging. — Chain- 
icales of a ship, broad and thick planks projecting 
from a ship’s side, abreast of and behind the masts, for 
the purpose of extending the shrouds. — Chain-7cork, work 
consisting of threads, cords, and the like, linked together 
in the form of a chain. 

CHAIN, v.t. 1. To fasten, bind, or connect with a chain , 
to fasten or bind with any thing in the manner of a chain. 
2. To enslave ; to keep in slavery. 3. To guard with a 
chain, as a harbor or passage. 4. To unite ; to fonri 
chain-work. 

CHAINED, pp. Made fast, or bound by a chain ; connected 
by a chain ; bound ; enslaved. 

CHAIN'ING, ppr. Binding; fastening, or connecting with 
a chain ; binding, or attaching to ; enslaving. 

CHAIR, 77 . [Fr. chaire.] 1. A movable seat ; a frame with 
a bottom, made of different materials, used for persons to 
sit in ; orighially, a stool. 2. A seat of justice or of au- 
thority. 3. A seat for a professor, or his office. 4. The 
seat for a speaker or presiding officer of a public council or 
assembly ; as, the speaker’s chair. 5. A sedan ; a vehi- 

A twm- 
. „ _ 8. Su- 

preme office or magistracy. Belknap. — Ctirule chair, an 
ivory seat placed on a car, used by the prime magistrates 
of Rome. 

CHAIR'-MAN, 77 . 1. The presiding officer or speaker of an 
assembly, association, or company, particularly of a legis- 
lative house ; also, the president or senior member of a 
_ emnmittee. 2. One wfliose business is to carry a chair. 
CHaISE, 77. [Fr. chaise.] A two-wheeled carriage, drawn 
by one horse ; a gig. It is ojTen or covered. 
€HAL-CE-D0N'IC, a. Pertaining to chalcedony. 
CHAL'CE-DO-NY, n. [from Chalcedon.] A subspecies of 
quartz, a mineral called also white agate, used in jewelry. 
CHAL'CE-DO-NYX, n. A variety of agate. 

CHAL'CITE, 77. [Gr. ;;^aXAOf.] Sulphate of iron, of a red 
color, so far calcined as to have lost a considerable part of 
its acid. 

€HAL-COG'RA-PHER, n. An engraver in brass. 
€HAL-OOG'RA-PH Y, n. [Gr. ^a^Kog and ypa(p(o.] The act 
or art of engraving in brass. 

OHAL-DA'IfJ, a. Pertaining to Chaldea. 

CHAL-Da'IC, 77. The language or dialect of the Chaldeans. 
CHAL'DA-ISM, 77. An idiom or peculiarity in the Chaldee 
dialect._ 

CHAL-De'AN, 77. An inhabitant of Chaldea. 

CHAL'DEE, a. Pertaining to Chaldea. 

CHAL'DEE, 77. The language or dialect of the Chaldeans. 

♦CHAL'DRON, ) rr? t. n l , 

♦ PHAT/nER (n. [hr. chaudron.] A measure of coals, 

*CH \U'DRON 7 consisting of 3() bushels. 

* CHALflCE, 77. [Yv. calice.] A cup or bowl; usually, a 
communion cup. 

* CHAL'ICED, a. Having a cell or cup. 

CHALK, (chawk) 77. [Sax. cealc.] A wxll known calcari- 
ous earth, of an opake-white color, soft, and admitting no 
polish. — Black-chalk is a species of earth used by painters 
for drawing on blue paper. — Red-chalk is an indurated 
clayey ochre, used by painters and artificers. 

CHALK, V. t. 1. To rub with chalk ; to mark with chalk. 
2. To manure with chalk, as land. 3. From the use of 
chalk in marking lines, the phrase to chalk out is used to 
signify to lay out, draw out, or describe. 

CHALK '-CUT-TER, n. A man that digs chalk. 
CHALK'I-NESS, (chawk'e-nes) n. The state of being 
chalky. 

CHALK'-PIT, 77. A pit in which chalk is dug. 

CH ALK'-STONE, n. 1. In 7nedicine, a calcarious concre- 
tion in the hands and feet of men violently affected by 
the gout. 2. A small lump of chalk. 

CHALK'Y, (chawk'y) a. 1. Resembling chalk. 2. White 
with chalk ; consisting of chalk. 3. Impregnated with 
chalk. 

CHAL'LENGE, 77. [Norm, calenge.] 1. A calling upon 
one to fight in single combat ; an invitation or summons 
to decide a controversy by a duel. 2. A claim or demand 
made of a right or supposed right.— 3. Among A 7777 tcrs, 
the opening and crying of hounds at first finding the scent 
of their game. — 4. In law, an exception to jurors ; the 
claim of a party that certain jurors shall not sit in trial 
upon him or his cause. 

CHAL'LENGE, 7;. t. 1. To call, invite or summon to an- 
swer for an offense by single combat, or duel. 2. To call 
to a contest ; to invite to a trial. 3. To accuse ; to call to 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, fJ, Y, long.— FAR, FAT.L, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— | Obsolete. 


CHA 


135 


CHA 


answer. 4. To claim as due ; to demand as a right. — 5. In 
law^ to call off a juror, or jurors ; or to demand that jurors 
shall not sit in trial upon a cause. 6. To call to the per- 
formance of conditions. 

CIIAL'LEN6E-A-BLE, a. That may be challenged j that 
may be called to account. 

CIIAL'LEN6ED, pp. Called to combat or to contest j 
claimed ; demanded as due j called from a jury. 

CHAL'LENCr-ER, n. One who challenges j one who in- 
vites to a single combat ; one who claims superiority ; one 
who calls a juror, or a jury, from the trial of his cause. 

CHAL'LENO-ING, ppr. Summoning to a duel, or to con- 
test ; claiming as a right j defying ; calling off from a 
jury. 

CHA-LYB'E-AN, a. Pertaining to steel well tempered. 

CIIA-LYB'E-ATE, a. [L. chalyhs.'\ Impregnated with par- 
ticles of iron. 

CHA-LYB'E-ATE, n. Any water or other liquor into which 
iron enters. 

CHAM, n. The sovereign prince of Tartary. Usually writ- 
ten khan. 

CHA-MaDE', n. [Fr.] In war, the beat of a drum, or sound 
of a trumpet, inviting an enemy to a parley. 

CIIaM'BEK, n. [Fr. chambre.] 1. An apartment in an 
upper story, or in a story above the lower floor of a dwell- 
ing-house ; often used as a lodging-room. 2. Any retired 
room ; any private apartment. 3. Any retired place. 4. 
A hollow or cavity. 5. A place where an assembly 
meets, and the assembly itself. — 6. In military affairs, 
the chamber of a mortar is that part of the chase where 
the powder lies. 7. A potoder-chamber, or bomb-chamber, 
a place under ground for holding powder and bombs, 
v/here they may be safe and secured from rains. 8. The 
chamber of a mine, a place, generally of a cubical form, 
where the powder is confined. 9. A species of ordnance. 
10. The clouds. Ps. civ. 11. Certain southern constel- 
lations which are hid from us. — Chamber-council, a private 
or secret council. Shak. — Chamber-counsel, a counselor 
who gives his opinion in a private apartment, but does not 
advocate causes in court. 

CHaM'BER, V. i. 1. To reside in or occupy as a chamber. 
2. To be wanton j to indulge in lewd or immodest be- 
havior. 

CHaM'BER, V. t. To shut up as in a chamber. Shak. 

CHaM'BER-ER, n. One who intrigues, or indulges in wan- 
tonness. 

CHaM'BER-FEL'LoW, n. One who sleeps in the same 
apartment. Spectator. 

CHaM'BER-HANG'ING, n. Tapestry or hangings for a 
chamber. 

CHaM'BER-TNG, n. Wanton, lewd, immodest behavior. 

CHaM'BER-LAIN, n. [Fr. chambellan.] 1. An officer 
charged with the direction and management of a cham- 
ber, or of chambers. The Lord Chamberlain of Oreat 
Britain is the sixth officer of the crown. 2. A servant 
who has the care of the chambers in an inn or hotel. 

CHaM'BER-LAIN-SHIP, 11 . The office of a chamberlain. 

CHaM'BER-LYE, 71. Urine. 

CHaM'BER-MAID, n. A woman who has the care of 
chambers, making the beds and cleaning the rooms, or 
who dresses a lady, and waits upon her in her apartment. 

CHaM'BER-POT, n. A vessel used in bed-rooms. 

CHaM'BER-PRAC'TICE, 71. The practice of counselors at 
law, who give their opinions in private, but do not appear 
in court. 

fUHAM BLET, v. t. To vary ; to variegate. 

GHAM^BREL, 71. The joint or bending of the upper part 
of a horse’s hind leg. In JSTeio England pronounced gam- 
brel, \vhich see. 

GHA-Me'LE-ON, 71. [L. chamceleon.^ An animal of the ge- 
nus lacerta, or lizard, with a naked body, a tail, and four 
feet. 

€HA-Mk'LE-ON-IZE, V. t. To change into various colors. 

CHAM'FER, V. t. 1. To channel ; to cut a furrow, as in a 
column, or to cut into a sloping form. 2. To wrinkle. 
Shak. 

CHAM'FER, or CHAM'FRET, n. A small gutter or furrow 
cut in wood or other hard material ; a slope. 

CHAM'FERED, pp. Cut into furrows, or cut sloping. 

CHAM'FER-ING, ppr. Cutting a gutter in ; cutting in a 
slope. 

€H AM ITE, 71. Fossil remains of the chama, a shell. 

CHAM'LET. See Camlet. 

* CHAM^OIS, (sham'me) n. [Fr.] An animal of the goat 
kind, whose skin is made into soft leather, called sham- 
mv. 

CHAM'O-MILE. See Camomile. 

CHAMP, V. t. [Fr. champayer.^ 1. To bite with repeated 
action of the teeth. 2. To bite into small pieces j to chew •, 
to masticate ; to devour. 

CHAMP, V. i. To chew j to perform the action of biting by 

_ repeated motion of the teeth. 

CHAM-PaGNE', 1 71. A kind of brisk, sparkling wine, 

CHAM-PaNE', i from Champagne, in France. 


* CHAM-PaIGN', ) * ^ , 

* cHAM-PaIN', ^ opeii country. Mdton. 

CHAM-PaIN', 11 . In heraldry, champain, or point champain, 
is a mark of dishonor in the coat of arms of him who has 
killed a prisoner of war after he has asked for quarter. 

CHAMPED, pp. Bitten ; chewed. 

CHAMP'ER, 11 . One that champs or bites. 

CHAM'PER-TOR, n. In law, one who is guilty of cham- 
perty. 

CHAM'PER-TY, 71. [Fr. champart.] A species of mainte- 
nance, being a bargain with a plaintiff or defendant, to 
divide the land, or other matter in suit, between them, if 
they prevail ; whereupon the champertor is to carry on 
the party’s suit at his own expense. 

CHAM-PIGN'ON, (sham-pin'yon) n. [Fr.] A kind of mush- 
room. 

CHAMP'ING, ppr. Biting with repeated action. 

CHAM'PI-ON, 11 . [Fr. champion.] 1. A man who under- 
takes a combat iii the place or cause of another. 2. A 
man who fights in his own cause in a duel. 3. A hero ; 
a brave warrior. Hence, one who is bold in contest. 

CHAM'PI-ON, V. t. To challenge to a combat. 

CHAM'PI-ON-ESS, n. A female champion. 

CHANCE, 11 . [Fr. chance.] 1. An event that happens, falls 
out, or takes place, without being contrived, intended, ex- 
pected, or foreseen ; the effect of an unknown cause j ac- 
cident ; casualty ; fortuitous event. 2. Fortune ; what for- 
tune may bring. 3. An event, good or evil ; success or mis- 
fortune j luck. 4. Possibility of an occurrence ; opportunity. 

CHANCE, V. i. To happen ; to fall out ; to come or arrive 
without design, or expectation. 

CHANCE, a. Happening by chance ; casual. 

CHANCE' A-BLE, a. Accidental ; casual ; fortuitous. 

CIIANCE'-C6M-ER, n. One who comes unexpectedly. 

CHANCE'FUL, a. Hazardous. Spenser. 

CHANCE'-MED-LEY, n. In law, the killing of a person by 
chance, when the killer is doing a lawful act 5 for if he is 
doing an unlawful act it is felony. 

CHAN'CEL, n. [Fr. chancel, or chanceau.] That part of 
the choir of a church between the altar or communion 
table and the balustrade or railing that incloses it, or that 
part where the altar is placed. 

CHAN'CEL-LOR, n. [Fr. chancelier.] Originally, a chief 
notary or scribe, under the Roman emperors ; but in Eng- 
land, in later times, an officer invested with judicial pow- 
ers, and particularly with the superintendence of all char- 
ters, letters, and other official writings of the crown, that 
required to be solemnly authenticated. Hence, this offi- 
cer became the keeper of the great seal. — The Lord High 
Chancellor of Great Britain, or Keeper of the Great Seal, 
is the highest officer of the crown, and keeper of the 
king’s conscience. — Chancellor of an Ecclesiastical Court 
is the bishop’s lawyer, to direct the bishop in causes of 
the church . — Chancellor of a Cathedral is an officer who 
hears lessons and lectures in the church, inspects schools, 
&c. — Chancellor of the Exchequer is an officer who pre- 
sides in that court, takes care of the interest of the crown, 
and has great authority in managing the royal revenues. — 
Chancellor of a University is an officer who seals the di- 
plomas, or letters of degree, &c., and is the chief magis- 
trate in the government. — Chancellor of the Order of the 
Garter, and other military orders, is an officer who seals 
the commissions and mandates of the chapter,— In France, 
a secretary is, in some cases, called a chancellor . — In the 
United States, a chancellor is the judge of a court of chan- 
cery or equity, established by statute. 

CHAN'CEL-LOR-SHIP, n. The office of a chancellor j the 
time during which one is chancellor. 

CHAN'CE-RY, n. [Fr. chancellerie.] 1. In Great Britain, 
the highest court of justice, next to the parliament. — 2, In 

_ the United States, a court of equity. 

CHAN'GRE, 11 . [Fr. chancre.] A venereal ulcer. 

CHAN'CROUS, a. Ulcerous 5 having the qualities of a 
chancre. 


CHAN-DE-LIeR', 71. [Fr.] I. A frame with branches to 
hold a number of candles, to illuminate a public or large 
room. — 2. In fortification, a movable parapet, serving to 
support fascines to cover pioneers. 

CHAND'LER, n. An artisan whose trade is to make can- 
dles, or one who sells candles. 

CIIAND'LER-LY, a. Like a chandler. Milton. 

CHAND I4ER-Y, 71. The commodities sold by a chandler. 

CHAND'RY, 11 . The place where candles are kept. 

CHANGE, V. t. [Fr. changer.] 1. To cause to turn or pass 
from one state to another ; to alter or make different ; to 
vary in external form or in essence. 2. To put one thing in 
the place of another ; to shift. 3. To quit one thing or state 
for another. 4. To give and take reciprocally. 5. To bar- 
ter ; to exchange goods. 6. To quit, as one place for an- 
other. 7. To give one kind of money for another. 8. To 
become acid or tainted 5 to turn from a natural state of 
sweetness and purity. 

CHANGE, V. i. 1. To be altered ; to undergo variation 
2. To pass the sun, as the moon in its orbit. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J j S as Z 5 CH as SH 5 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


CHA 


136 


CHA 


CHaN 6E, n. 1. Any variation or alteration in form, state, 
quality, or essence •, or a passing from one state or form 
to another. 2. A succession of one thing in the place of 
another j vicissitude. 3. A revolution. 4. A passing by 
the sun, and the beginning of a new monthly revolution. 

6. A different state by removal ; novelty ; variety. 6. 
Alteration in the order of ringing bells •, variety of sounds. 

7. That which makes a variety, or may be substituted for 
another. 8. Small coins of money, which may be given 
for larger pieces. 9. The balance of money paid beyond 
the price of goods purchased. 10. The dissolution of the 
body j death. — 11. Change^ for exchange^ a place where 
merchants and others meet to transact business ; a build- 
ing appropriated for mercantile transactions. — 12. In 
arithmetic, permutation ; variation of numbers. 

CHANCtE-A-BlLT-TY, n. Changeableness, tchich is gener- 
ally used, Fleming. 

CHaNGE'A-BLE, a. 1. That may change*, subject to al- 
teration ; fickle j inconstant ; mutable ; variable. 2. 

’ Having the quality of suffering alteration of external ap- 
pearance. 

CHaNOE'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being change- 
able ; fickleness ; inconstancy ; instability j mutability. 
2. Susceptibility of change, or alteration. 

CHANCE' A-BLY, adv. Inconstantly. 

CHANCED, pp. Altered *, varied *, turned ; converted j 
shifted. 

CHANCE'FUL, a. Full of change; inconstant; mutable; 
fickle ; uncertain subject to alteration. 

CHANCE'LESS, a. Constant ; not admitting alteration. 

CHANCE'LING, 71. 1. A child left or taken in the place of 
another. 2. An idiot ; a fool. Locke. 3. One apt to 
change ; a waverer. 4. Any thing changed and put in 
the place of another. Shale. 

CHANC'ER, 71. 1. One who alters the form of any thing. 
2. One that is employed in changing and discounting 
money ; a money-changer. 3. One given to change. 

CHANC'ING, pipr. Altering; turning; putting one thing 
for another ; shifting. 

CHAN'NA, n. A fish taken in the Mediterranean. 

CHAN'NEL, 71. [Ir. cainneal ; Fr. canal.] 1. A passage ; 
a place of passing or flowing ; a water-course. 2. The 
place where a river flows. 3. The deeper part of a strait, 
bay, or harbor, where the principal current flows. 4. 
That through which any thing passes ; means of passing, 
conveying, or transmitting. 5. A gutter or furrow in a 
column. 0. An arm of the sea; a strait or narrow sea, 
between two continents, or between a continent and an 
isle. 7. C/ia7i7icfs of a ship ; 5ee Chain-wales. 

CHAN'NEL, V. t. To form a channel ; to cut channels in ; 
to groove. 

CHAN'NELED, pp. Having channels; grooved longitu- 
dinally. 

CHAN'NEL-ING, ppr. Cutting channels ; grooving longi- 
tudinally. 

CHAN'SON, 71. [Ff*] A song. Shak. 

CHANT, 75. t. [Fr. chanter.] 1. To sing ; to utter a melo- 
dious voice. 2. To celebrate in song. 3. To sing, as in 
church-service ; to repeat words in a kind of canting 
voice, with modulations. 

CHANT, 75.7. 1. To sing ; to make melody with the voice. 
2. To repeat words in the church-service with a kind of 
singing. 

CHANT, 7J. Song; melody; church-service. 

ClIANT'ED, pp. Sung ; uttered with modulations of voice. 

CHANT'ER, 71. 1. One who ch.ants ; a singer or songster. 
2. The chief singer, or priest of the chantry. 3. The pipe 
which sounds the tenor or treble in a bag-pipe. 

CHANT I-CLEER, n. {chant and clear, Fr. clair.] A cock, 
so called from the clearness or loudness of his voice in 
crowing. 

CHANT'ING, ppr. Singing; uttering a melodious voice; 
repeatin j words with a singing voice. 

CHANT'ING, 71. The act of singing, or uttering with a song. 

CHANT'RESS, n. A female singer. Milton. 

CHANT'RY, 77. [Fr. chantrerie.] A church or chapel en- 
dowed with revenue, for priests daily to sing or say mass 
for the souls of the donors. 

CHA'OS, 77. [L. chaos.] 1. That confusion, or confused 
mass, in which matter is supposed to have existed before 
it was reduced to order by the creating power of God. 2. 
Any mixed mass, without due form or order. 3. Confu- 
sion ; disorder ; a state in which the parts are undistin- 
guished. 

€HA-OT'I€, a. Resembling chaos ; confused. 

CHAP, {sometimes pronounced chop) v. t. To cleave, split, 
crack, or open longitudinally, as the surface of the earth, 
or the skin and flesh of the hand. 

CHAP, 75. i. To crack ; to open in long slits. 

CHAP, 77. A longitudinal cleft, gap, or chink, as in the sur- 
face of the earth, or in the hands or feet. 

CHAP, 77. [Sax. ceajl.] The upper and lower part of the 
mouth ; the jaw. It is applied to beasts, and, vulgarly, 
to men ; generally in the plural, the chaps, or mouth. 


CHAP, 71. A man or a boy ; a youth. It is used also in the 
sense of a buyer. “ If you want to sell, here is your 
chap.^^ In this sense it coincides with chapman, [See 
Cheap.] Steele. 

fCHAP, 75.7. [Sax. ceapian.] To cheapen. 

CHAP'BOOK, 77. A small book or pampiilet, carried about 
for sale by hawkers. 

CHAPE, 77. [Fr. chape.] 1. The catch of any thing, as the 
hook of a scabbard, or the catch of a buckle, by w’hich it 
is held to the back strap. 2. A brass or silver tip or case, 
that strengthens the end of a scabbard. 

CHAP'EAU, (shap'po) n. [Fr.] A hat ; in heraldry, a cap, 
or bonnet. 

CHAP'EL, 77. [Fr. chapelle.] 1. A house for public wor- 
ship ; primarily, a private oratory, or house of worship be- 
longing to a private person. In Great Britain, parochial 
chapels are distinct from the mother church ;* chapels of 
ease, built in large jjarishes for the accommodation of the 
inhabitants. 2. A printer’s workhouse. 

CHAP'EL, 75. t. To deposit in a chapel. Beaumont. 

CHaPE'LESS, a. Without a chape. 

CHAP'EL-ET, or CIIAP'LET, n. [Fr. chapelct.] A pair of 
stirrup leathers, with stirrups. 

CHAP'EL-LA-NY, 77. A place founded within some church, 
and dependent thereon. Ayliffe. 

CHAP'EL-LING, n. The act of turning a ship round in a 
light breeze of wind, when close hauled. 

CHAP'EL-RY, 77. The bounds or jurisdiction of a chapel. 

* CH AP'E-RON, 77. [Fr.] A hood or cap worn by the knights 
of the garter in their habits. 

* CH AP'E-RON, 75. t. To attend on a lady in a public assem- 
bly. Todd. 

CHAP'-FALL-EN, a. Having the lower chap depressed ; 
hence, dejected ; dispirited ; silenced. 

CHAP'1-TER, 77. [Fr. chopiteau.] 1. The upper part or 
capital of a column or pillar ; a word used in the 8'crip- 
tures. 2. That which is delivered by the mouth of the 
justice in his charge to the inquest. 

CHAP'LAIN, 77. [Fr. chapelain.] 1. An ecclesiastic who 
has a chapel, or Avho performs service in a chapel. 2. A 
clergyman who belongs to a ship of war, or to a regiment 
of land forces, for performing divine service. 3. A cler- 
gyman who is retained to perform divine service in a 
family. 

CHAP'LAIN-CY, 77. The office or station of a chaplain. 

CHAP'LAIN-SHIP, n. 1. The office or business of a chap- 
lain. 2. The possession or revenue of a chapel. 

CHAP'LESS, a. Without any flesh about the mouth. Shak. 

CHAP'LET, 77. [Fr. chapelet.] 1 . A garland or wreath to 
be worn on the head ; the circle of a crown. 2. A string of 
beads used by the Roman Catholics, by which they count 
the number of their prayers. — 3. In architecture, a little 
molding, carved into round beads, pearls, olives, or the 
like. — 4. In horsemanship, a chapelet, which see. 5. A 
tuft of feathers on a peacock’s head. 6. A small chapel 
or shrine. 

CHAP'MAN, 77. ; plu. Chapmen. [Sax. ceap-man.] 1 . A 
cheapener ; one that offers as a purchaser. 2. A seller ; a 
market- man. 

CHAPPED, pp. Cleft ; opened, as the surface or skin. 

CHAP'PING, ppr. Cleaving, as the surface or skin 

CHAP'PY, a. Full of chaps ; cleft. 

CHAPS, 77. The mouth or jaws. See Chap. 

CHAPT. See Chapped. 

CHAP'TER, 77. [Fr. chapitre.] 1 . A division of a book or 
treatise. — 2. In ecclesiastical polity, a society or commu- 
nity of clergymen, belonging to a cathedral or collegiate 
church. 3. A place where delinquents receive discipline 
and correction. 4. A decretal epistle. 

CHAP'TER, 75. t. To tax ; to correct. Dryden. 

CHAP'TER-HOUSE, n. A house where a chapter meets. 

CHAP'TREL, 77. The capitals of pillars and pilasters, which 
support arches, called imposts. 

CHAR, 77. A fish. 

CHAR, 77. In England, work done by the day ; a single job 
or task. — In Mew England, it is pronounced chore, which 
see. 

CHAR, 75. f. To perform a business. May. 

CHAR, 75. i. To work at others’ houses by the day, without 
being a hired servant : to do small jobs. 

CHAR'-WoM-AN, n. A woman hired for odd work, or for 
single days. 

CHAR, V. t. [Russ, jaryu, or charyu.] 1. To burn or re- 
duce to coal or carbon. 2. To expel all volatile matter 
from stone or earth by heat. 

fCHAR'ACT, or jCHAR'ECT, n. An inscription. Skelton. 

CHAR'AC-TER, n. [L. character ^ Fr. caractere.] 1. A 
mark made by cutting or engraving ; a mark or figure 
made with a pen or style ; a letter or figure used to form 
words, and communicate ideas. 2. A mark or figure 
made by stamping or impression, as on coins. 3. The 
manner of writing ; the peculiar form of letters used by a 
particular person. 4. The peculiar qualities, impressed 
by nature or habit on a person, which distinguish him 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, D, Y, Zoti^.—FAR, FALL, WHA.T ;~PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— | Obsolete. 


CHA 


137 


CHA 


from others 5. An account, description or representation 
of any thing, exhibiting its qualities and the circum- 
stances attending it. 6. A person. 7. By way of emi- 
nence^ distinguished or good qualities ; those which are 
esteemed and respected *, and those which are ascribed to 
a person in common estimation. 8. Adventitious quali- 
ties impressed by office, or station ; the qualities that, in 
public estimation, belong to a person in a particular sta- 
tion. — 9. In natural history, the peculiar discriminating 
qualities or properties of animals, plants and minerals. 

CMAR'A€-T£R, v.t. 1. To engrave; to inscribe. 2. To 
describe ; to distinguish by particular marks or traits. 

CHAR'A€-TERED, pp. Engraved ; inscribed ; distinguish- 
ed by a particular character. 

€HAR'A€-TER-ISM, n. 1. The distinction of character. 
2. A particular aspect or configuration of the heavens. 

CHAR-A€-TER-IS'TI€, or €HAR-A€-TER-IS'TI-CAL, 
a. [Gr. %apaKT; 7 p(ari;cof.] That constitutes the character ; 
that marks the peculiar, distinctive qualities of a person 
or thing. 

CIIAR-AC-TER-IS'TI€, n. 1. That which constitutes a 
character ; that which characterizes ; that which distin 
guishes a pei'son or thing from another. — 2. In grammar, 
the principal letter of a word, which is preserved in most 
of its tenses, in its derivatives and compounds. 

€IIAR-A€-TER-IS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner that 
distinguishes character. 

€HAR-Ae-TER-IS'TI-€AL-NESS, n. The state or quali- 
ties of being characteristic. 

CHAR'A€-TER-IZE, v. t. [Gr. ;)^apa/cr; 7 ()i(^a).] 1. To give a 
character, or an account of the personal qualities of a 
man ; to describe by peculiar qualities. 2. To distin- 
guish ; to mark, or express the character ; to exhibit the 
peculiar qualities of a person or thing. 3. To engrave or 
imprint. [Little used.'] 4. To mark with a peculiar 
stamp, or figure. 

€IIAR'A€-TER-TZED, pp. Described or distinguished by 
peculiar qualities. 

CHAR'A€-TER-iZ-ING, ppr. Describing or distinguishing 
by peculiar qualities. 

€HAR'A€-TER-LESS, a. Destitute of any peculiar char- 
acter. 

€HAR'A€-TER-Y, n. Impression ; mark ; distinction. 
HA-RADE', n. [Fr.] A composition in which the subject 
must be a word of two syllables, each forming a distinct 
word ; and these syllables are to be concealed in an enig- 
matical description, first separately and then together. 

CHAR'GoAL, n. [char and coal.] Coal made by charring 
wood. 

CHARD, n. [Fr. charde.] The leaves of artichokes tied and 
wrapped all over, except the top, in straw, during autumn 
and winter. 

charge, V. t. [Fr. charger.] 1. To rush on ; to fall on ; 
to attack, especially with fixed bayonets. 2. To load, as 
a musket or cannon ; to thrust in powder, or powder and 
ball or shot. 3. To load or burden ; to throw on or im- 
pose that which oppresses. 4. To set or lay on ; to im- 
pose, as a tax. 5. To lay on or impose, as a task. 6. To 
put or lay on ; as, to charge a building with ornaments, 
often implying superfluity. 7. To lay on, as a duty ; 
followed by with. 8. To intrust to ; as, an officer is 
charged with dispatches. 9. To set to, as a debt ; to place 
on the debit side of an account. 10. To load or lay on, in 
words, something wrong, reproachful or criminal ; to im- 
pute to. 11. To lay on in words ; to impute to. 12. To 
censure ; to accuse. 13. To lay on, give or communicate, 
as an order, command or earnest request ; to enjoin ; to 
exhort. 14. To give directions to ; to instruct authorita- 
tively. 15. To communicate electrical matter to, as to a 
coated vial, or an electrical battery. 

charge, V. i. To make an onset. 

charge, n. [Fr. charge.] 1. That which is laid on or in. 

2. The quantity of powder, or of powder and ball or shot, 
used to load a musket, cannon or other like instrument. 

3. An onset ; a rushing on an enemy ; attack. 4. An 
order, injunction, mandate, command. 5. That which is 
enjoined, committed, intmsted or delivered to another, 
implying care, custoay, oversight, or duty to be performed 
by the person entrusted. 6. The person or thing commit- 
ted to another’s custody, care or management ; a trust. 
7. Instructions given by a judge to a jury, or by a bishop 
to his clergy. 8. Imputation in a bad sense ; accusation. 
9. That which constitutes debt, in commercial transac- 
tions ; an entry of money or the price of goods, on the 
debit side of an account. 10. Cost ; expense. 11. Impo- 
sition on land or estate ; rent, tax, or whatever constitutes 
a burden or duty. — 12. In military affairs, a signal to at- 
tack. 13. The posture of a weapon fitted for an attack or 
combat. — 14. Among farriers, a preparation of the consist- 
ence of a thick decoction, or between an ointment and a 
plaster, used as a remedy for sprains and inflammations. — 
15. In heraldry, that which is borne upon the color ; or 
the figures represented on the escutcheon, by which the 


bearers are distinguished from one another.— 16. In eUe- 
trical experiments, a quantity of electrical fluid, commu- 
nicated to a coated jar, vial or pane of glass. — A charge of 
lead is thirty-six pigs, each containing six stone, wanting 
two pounds. 

CHARGE' A-BLE, a. 1. That may be charged ; that may 
be set, laid, imposed. 2. Subject to be charged. 3. Ex- 
pensive ; costly. 4. Laying or bringing expense. 5. Im- 
putable j that may be laid or attributed as a crime, fault or 
debt. 6. Subject to be charged or accused. 

CHARGE'A-BLE-NESS, n. Expensiveness ; cost *, costli- 
ness. Boyle. 

CHARGE'A-BLY, adv. Expensively ; at great cost. 

charged, pp. Loaded ; burdened ; attacked ; laid on j 
instructed ; imputed ; accused ; placed to the debt ; or- 
dered ; commanded. 

t CHARGE'FUL, a. Expensive; costly. Shak. 

CHARGE'LESS, a. Not expensive ; free from expense. 

CHARG'ER, 71. 1. In Scots laic, one who charges another 
in a suit. 2. A large dish. JV'uw. vii. 3. A horse used 
for att.ack. 

CHARG'ING, ppr. Loading ; attacking ; laying on ; in- 
strncting ; commanding ; accusing ; imputing. 

CHA'RI-LY, adv. Carefully ; warily ; frugally. [Little 
used.] Shak. 

CHa'RI-NESS, n. Caution ; care ; nicety ; scrupulousness, 
[Little used.] Shak. 

CilAR'I-OT, n. [Fr. chariot.] 1. A half coach ; a carriage 
with four wheels and one seat behind, used for conven- 
ience and pleasure. 2. A car or vehicle used formerly in 
war, drawn by two or more horses. 

CHAR'I-OT, V. t. To convey in a chariot. Jililton. 

CHAR'I-OT-ED, pp. Borne in a chariot. Cowper. 

CHAR-I-OT-EER', n. The person who drives or conducts 
cl chciriot 

CHART-OT-MAN, n. The driver of a chariot. 

CHAR'I-OT-RACE, n. A race with chariots ; a sport in 
which chariots were driven in contest for a prize. 

CHAR'I-T A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Benevolent and kind. 2. 

Liberal in benefactions to the poor, and in relieving them 
in distress. 3. Pertaining to charity ; springing from 
charity, or intended for charity ; benevolent. 4. Formed 
on charitable principles ; favorable ; dictated by kindness. 

CHAR'I-TA-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The disposition to be char- 
itable ; or the exercise of charity. 2. Liberality to the 
poor. 

CHAR'I-TA-BLY, adv. Kindly ; liberally ; benevolently ; 
with a disposition to help the poor ; favorably. 

f CHART-TA-TiVE, a. Disposed to tenderness. 

CHAR'I-TY, n. [Fr. charite Lt. charitas.] 1. In 3. general 
sense, love, benevolence, good will ; that disposition of 
heart which inclines men to think favorably of their fel- 
low men, and to do them good. In a theological sense, it 
includes supreme love to God, and universal good will to 
men. 2. In a more particular sense, love, kindness, af- 
fection, tenderness, springing from natural relations. 3. 
Ijiberality to the poor, consisting in alms giving or bene- 
factions, or in gratuitous services to relieve them in dis- 
tress. 4. Alms ; whatever is bestowed gratuitously on 
the poor for their relief. 5. Liberality in gifts and ser- 
vices to promote public objects of utility, as to found and 
support Bible societies, missionary societies, and others. 
6. Candor ; liberality in judging of men and their actions ; 
a disposition which inclines men to think and judge fa- 
vorably, and to put the best construction on words and 
actions which the case will admit. 7. Any act of kind- 
ness, or benevolence. 8. A charitable institution. — Char- 
ity-school is a school maintained by voluntary contribu- 
tions for educating poor children. 

t CHARK, V. t. To burn to a coal ; to char. See Char. 

CHAR'LA-TAN, n. [Fr.] One who prates much in his 
own favor, and makes unwarrantable pretensions to skill ; 
a quack ; an empiric ; a mountebank. 

CHAR-LA-TAN'I-CAL, a. Quackish ; making undue pre- 
tensions to skill ; ignorant. Corcley. 

CHAR'LA-TAN-RY, n. Undue pretensions to skill ; quack- 
ery ; wheedling ; deception by fair words. 

CHARLES’S-WAIN, n. In astronomy, aeven steu's in the 
constellation called ursa major. 

CHAR'LOCK, 71. [Sax. cerlicc.] The English name of the 
raphanus raphanistrum and sinapvs arvensis, very perni- 
cious weeds among grain. 

CHARM, 71. [Fr. charme.] 1. Words, characters or other 
things, imagined to possess some occult or unintelligible 
power ; spell ; enchantment. 2. That which has iwwer 
to subdue opposition, and gain tlie affections ; that which 
can please iiTesistibly ; tliat which delights and attracts 
the heart. 

CHARM, V. t. 1. To subdue or control by incantation or 
secret influence. 2. To subdue by secret power, espe- 
cially by that which pleases and delights the mind ; to 
allay, or appease. 3. To give exquisite pleasure to the 
mind or senses ; to delight. 4. To fortify with charms 
against evil. [Wot in m5c.] 5. To make powerful by 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete 


CHE 


CHA 


138 


thatms. 6. To summon by incantation. 7. To temper 
agreeably. 

CHARM, V, i. To sound harmonically. Milton 
CHAR'MA, n. A fish resembling the sea- wolf. 

CHARMED, pp. Subdued by charms ; delighted j enchant 
ed. 

CHARM'ER, n. 1. One that charms, or has power to 
charm ; one that uses or has the power of enchantment. 
2. One who delights and attracts the affections. 
CHARM'ER-ESS, 71. An enchantress. Chaucer. 
CHARM'Fl/L, a. Abounding with charms. Coicley. 
CHARMHNG, ppr. 1. Using charms ; enchanting. 2. a. 

Pleasing in the highest degree ; delighting. 
CHARMHNG-LY, adv. Delightfully j in a manner to charm, 
or to give delight. 

CHARM'ING-NESS, n. The power to please. 
CHARM'LESS, a. Destitute of charms. Swift. 

CHAR'NEL, a. [Fr. charnel.] Containing flesh or car- 
casses. 

CHAR'NEL-HOUSE, n. A place under or near churches, 
where the bones of the dead are rejwsited. 

CHaHION, n. In fabulotis history, the son of Erebus and 
Nox, whose office was to ferry the souls of the deceased 
over the waters of Acheron and Styx. 

CHARR, n. A fish, a species of salrno. 

CHARRED, pp. Reduced to a coal. 

CHAR'RING, ppr. Reducing to coal ; depriving of volatile 
matter. 

CHAR'RY, a. Pertaining to charcoal j like charcoal, or par- 
taking of its qualities. 

CHART, 71. [L. charta.] A hydrographical or marine 
map ; a draught or projection of some part of the earth’s 
superficies on paper, with the coasts, isles, rocks, banks, 
channels or entrances into harbors, rivers, and bays, the 
points of compass, soundings or depth of water, &c., to 
regulate the courses of ships in their voyages. 
CHAR'TEL. See Cartel. 

CHAR'TER, 71. [Fr. chartre.] 1. A written instrument, 
executed with usual forms, given as evidence of a grant, 
contract, or whatever is done between man and man. 
An instrument of a grant conferring powers, rights and 
privileges. 2. Any instrument, executed with form and 
solemnity, bestowing rights or privileges. 3. Privilege j 
immunity j exemption. 

CHAR'TER, V. t. 1. To hire or to let a ship by charter. 
2. To establish by charter. 

CHAR'TER-LAND, n. Land held by charter, or in socage. 
CHAR'TER-PAR'TY, n. [Fr. chartc-partie.] in commerce, 
an agreement respecting the hire of a vessel and the 
freight. 

CHAR'TERED, pp. 1. Hired or let, as a ship. 2. Invested 
with privileges by charter j privileged. 3. Granted by 
charter. 

CHAR'TER-ING, ppr. 1. Giving a charter; establishing 
by charter. 2. Hiring or letting by charter. 
CHART'LESS, a. Without a chart ; of which no chart has 
been made ; not delineated on paper. 

CHAR'TREUX, or CHAR'TREUSE, n. [Fr.] A celebrated 
monastery of Carthusians. 

CHAR'TU-LA-RY, n. [Fr. chart ulaire.] An officer in the 
ancient Latin church, who had the care of charters and 
other papers of a public nature. 

CHa'RY, a. [Sax. cearig.] Carefirf ; wary; frugal. Shak. 
CHa'SA-BLE, a. That may be chased ; tit for the chase. 
CHASE, V. t. [Fr. chasser.] 1. Literalhj, to drive, urge, 
press forward with vehemence ; hence, to pursue for the 
purpose of taking, as game ; to hunt. 2. To pursue, or 
drive, as a defeated or flying enemy. 3. To follow or 
pursue, as an object of desire ; to pursue for the purpose 
of taking. 4. To drive ; to pursue. — To chase awaij, is 
to compel to depart ; to disperse. — To chase 7iietals. See 
Enchase. 

CHASE, 71. 1. Vehement pursuit ; a running or driving 
after ; as game, in hunting. 2. Pursuit with an ardent 
(lesire to obtain, as pleasure, &c. ; earnest seeking. 3. 
That which may be chased ; that which is usually taken 
by chase. 4. That which is pursued or hunted. — 5. In 
la w, a driving of cattle to or from a place. 6. An open 
ground, or place of retreat for deer and other wild beasts. 
7. [Fr. c/tflifse.] An iron frame used by printers to confine 
types, when set in columns. 8. Chase of a guv, is the 
whole length of the bore. 9. A term in the game of ten- 
7 iis . — Chase gu7is, in a ship of war, guns used in chasing 
an enemy, or in defending a ship when chased. These 
have their ports at the head or stern. 

CHASED, pp. Pursued ; sough** ardently ; driven. 
CHaS'ER, n. 1. One who chases ; a pursuer ; a driver ; a 
hunter. 2. An enchaser. See Enchase. 

CHaSTNG, ppr. Pursuing ; driving ; hunting. 

CHASM, (kazm) n. [Gr. X^<rpa.] 1. A cleft ; a fissure ; a 
gap ; properly, an opening made by disrupture, as a 
breach in the earth or a rock. 2. A void space ; a va- 
cuity. 

CHASMED, a. Having gaps or a chasm. 


CHAS^SE-LAS, 71. A sort of grape. 

CHaSTE, a. [Fr. 1. -Pure fiom all unlawfiil com- 

merce of sexes. 2. Free from obscenity. 3. In language, 
pure ; genuine ; uncorrupt ; free from barbarous words 
and phrases, and from quaint, affected, extravagant ex- 
pressions. 

CHASTE -EYED, a. Plaving modest eyes. 

GHaSTE'-TREE, n. The agnus castus, or t'hex. 

CHASTE'LY, adc. In a chaste manner ; witiiout unlawful 
commerce of sexes ; without obscenity ; purely ; without 
barbarisms or unnatural phrases. 

'^'CHAS'TEN, (cha'sn) v.t. [Fr. chhticr.] I. To correct l;y 
punishment ; to punish ; to inflict pain for tlie jmrj.'ose of 
reclaiming an offender. 2. To afflict by other means. 
3. To purify from enors or faults. 

* CHAS'TENED, pp. Corrected ; punished ; afflicted for coi- 
rection. 

* CHAS'TEN-ER, ?i. One who punishes, for the purpose of 
correction. 

CHASTE'NESS, w. Chastity ; purity. 

*CHAS'TEN-ING, ppr. Correcting; afflicting for cqrrec- 
tiom 

CHAS TEAT-ING, 7i. CoiTection ; punishment for the pur- 
pose of reclaiming. 

CHAS-TlS'A-BLE, a. Deserving of chastisement. 

CHAS-TISE', v.t. [Fr. chdtier.] L To correct by punish- 
ing ; to punish ; to inflict pain, for the purpose of punish- 
ing an offender, and recalling him to his duty. 2. To re- 
duce to order or obedience ; to restrain ; to awe ; to re- 
press. 3. To correct ; to purify by expunging faults. 

CHAS-TIS'ED, (chas-tizd') jrp. Punished ; corrected. 

* CHAS'TTSE-MENT, 7i. [Fr. chdtiment.] Correction ; pun- 
ishment ; pain inflicted for punishment and correction, 
either by stripes or otherwise. 

CHAS-TIS'ER, n. One who chastises; a punisher ; a cor- 
rector. _ 

CIlAS-TiSTXG, jtpr. Punishing for correction ; correct- 


ing. 


CHAS'TI-TY, n. [L. castitas.] L Purity of the body; 
freedom from all unlawful commerce of sexes. 2. Free- 
dom from obscenity, as in language or conversation. 
3. Freedom from bad mixture ; purity in words and 
phrases. 4. Purity ; unadulterated state. 

CHAT, V. i. [G. /.cic/i.] 1. To talk in a familiar manner ; 
to talk without form or ceremony. 2. To talk idly ; to 
prate. 

t CHAT, V. t. To talk of. Shak. 

CHAT, 71. Free, familiar talk ; idle fid k ; prate. 

CHAT, 71. A twig, or little stick. See Chit. 

CHAT'EAU, (shat to) n. [Fr.] A castle ; a seat in the 

_ country. 

ClJAT'E-LET, 7f. A little castle. Chambers. 

CllAT/EL-LA-NY, v. [Fr. chatellcnie.] The lordship or 
jurisdiction of a castellan, or governor of a castle. See 
Castellany. 

CHA-TOY'ANT, a. [Fr. chat and ail.] Having a change- 
able, undulating liuXre, or color, like that of a cat’s eye in 

CHA-TOY'ANT, 7i. A hard stone. 

ClIA-TOY'MENT, n. Changeable colors, or changeableness 
of color, in a mineral ; play of colors. 

CHAT TEL, 71 . Any article of movable goods. 

CHAT'TER, V. i. 1. To utter sounds rapidly and indis- 
tinctly, as a magpie, or a monkey. 2. 7’o make a noise 
by collision of the teeth. 3. To talk idly, carelessly or 
rapidly ; to jabber. 

CHAT'l'ER, n. Sounds like those of a pie or monkey ; idle 
talk. 

CHA'P'TER-BOX, n. One that talks incessantly. 

CHA7’'TER-ER, v. A prater ; an idle talker. 

CIIAT'TER-ING, ppr. Uttering rapid, indistinct sounds, as 
birds ; talking idly ; moving rapidly and clashing, as the 
teeth. 

CHAT'TER-ING, ?j. Rapid, inarticulate sounds, as of birds ; 
idle talk ; rapid striking of the teeth, as in chilliness. 

CIIA1'''TING, ppr. Talking familiarly. 

CHATTY, a. Given to free conversation ; talkative. 

CIIATYVOOD, 77. Little sticks ; fuel. 

CHAUODR’O’N. Scfi Chawdron, and Chaldron. 

CH.AU-MOX-TELLE', 7i. [Fr.] A sort of pear. 

fCHAUN, or CHAWN, ?t. A gap. See Yawn. 

t CHAUN, V. 7. To open ; to yawn. 

CIIAUNI'. See Chant. 

CHAV^EX-DER, or CHEVTN, v. [IT. cheves7ie.] 7'he 
chub, a fish. 

CHAW, 7'. f. [Sax. ceo7nan.] 1. 7’o grind with the teeth ; 
to masticate ; to ruminate. 2. To ruminate in thought ; 
to revolve and consider ; [o&5.] 

CHAW, 71 . L The jaw. — 2. In z-^ul gar larrguage, a cud, 
as much as is put in the mouth at once. 

CHAW DllON, 77. Entrails. Shak. 

CHAY, 71. Chaya-root ; the root of the oldenlavdia 7imbcl- 
Icfn, used in dyeing red. 

CIIkAP, a. [6ax. ccap.] 1. Rearing alow price, in market ; 


^ See Synopsis. A, K, T, O, U, Y, Zt 777^.-FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;~riN, MARiXF, EiRD ;— f Obsolete. 


CHE 


139 


CHE 


that may be purchased at a low price. 2. Being of small 
value j common j not respected. 

CHkAP, n. Bargain ; purchase. 

CHkAP'EN, V. t [Sax. ceapian.'\ 1. To attempt to buy ; 
to ask the price of a commodity j to chalfer. 2. To lessen 
value. 

CHeAP'EN-ER, 71 . One who cheapens or bargains. 

CHEAP' LY, adv At a small price j at a low rate. 

CHeAP'NESS, 71 . Lowness in price, considering the usual 
price, or real value. 

CHeAR. See Cheer. 

cheat, V. t. [Sax ccatt.] 1. To deceive and defraud in 
a bargain j to deceive for the purpose of gain in selling. 
2. To deceive by any artifice, trick or device, with a view 
to gain an advantage contrary to common honesty. 3. 
To impose on 5 to trick. 

CHEAT, 71 . 1. A fraud committed by deception j a trick ; 
imposition ; imposture. 2. A person who cheats 5 one 
guilty of fraud bv deceitful practices. 

CHeAT'A-BLE-NESS, 71. Liability to be cheated. 

CHeAT'-BREAD, 71. Fine bread purchased, or not made 
in the family. [Little used.] 

CHeAT'ED, pp. Defrauded by deception. 

CHeAT'ER, 71 . One who practices a fraud in commerce. 

cheat ing, jrpr. Defrauding by deception ; imposing on. 

CJHeAT'ING, 11 . The act of defrauding by deceitful arts. 

CHECK, V. t. [Fr. echec.] 1. To stop j to restrain •, to hin- 
der ; to curb. 2. To rebuke ; to chide or reprove. 3. To 
compare any paper with its counterpart or with a ciplier, 
with a view to ascertain its authenticity j to compare cor- 
responding papers ; to control by a counter-register. — I* In 
seamanship, to ease off a little of a rope, which is too stift- 
ly extended 5 also, to stopper the cable. 

CHECK, v.i. L To stop j to make a stop. 2. To clash or 
interfere. 3. To strike with repression. 

CHECK, 71 . 1. A stop j hinderance; rebuft'^ sudden restraint, 
or continued restraint ; curb ; control ; government. 2. 
Tliat which stops or restrains, as reproof, reprimand, re- 
buke, slight or disgust, fear, apprehension, a person ; any 
stop or obstruction. — 3. In falconnj, when a hawk for- 
sakes her proper game, to follow rooks, pies, or other 
fowls that cross her in her flight. 4. The correspondent 
cipher of a bank note j a corresponding indenture ; any 
counter-register. 5. A term in chess, when one party 
obliges the other either to move or guard his king. 6 An 
order for money, drawn on a banker, or on the casl)ier of 
a bank, payable to the bearer. — 7. In popular use, checker- 
ed cloth ; check, for checkered. — Check ox check-roll, a roll 
or book containing the names of persons who are attend- 
ants and in the pay of a king or great personage, as do- 
mestic servants. — Clerk of the check, in the British king’s 
household, has the check and control of the yeomen of 
the guard. 

CHECKED, CHECKT, pp. Stopped; restrained; repress- 
ed ; curbed ; moderated ; controlled ; reprimanded. 

CllECK'ER, V. t. 1. To variegate with cross lines ; to form 
into little squares, like a chess-board, by lines or stripes 
of different colors. 2. To diversify ; to variegate with 
different qualities, scenes, or events. 

CllECK'ER, 71. 1. One who checks or restrains ; arebuker. 
2. A chess-board. 

CHECK'ER, or CHECK'ER-WoRK, 71 . Work varied alter- 
nately as to its colors or materials ; work consisting of 
cross lines. 

CIIECK'ERS, 71. plu. A common game on a checkered 
board. 

CHECK'ING, ppr. Stopping ; curbing ; restraining ; moder- 
ating ; controlling ; rebuking. 

CHECK'LESS, a. That cannot be checked, or restrained. 

CHECK'-MATE, 71 . 1. The movement on a chess board, or 
in the game of chess, that kills the opposite men, or hin- 
(lei-s them from moving, so that the game is finished. 2. 
Defeat ; overthrow. 

CHECK'-MATE, v. t. To finish. Skeltoit. 

CHECK'Y, 11 . In heraldry, a border that has more than two 
rows of checkers, or when the bordure or shield is check- 
ered, like a chess-board. 

CHEEK, 7/. [Sax. ceac, ceoca.] 1. The side of the face 
below the eyes on each side. — 2. Amon^ 7necha7iics, cheeks 
are those pieces of a machine, which form corresponding 
sides, or which are double and alike. — Cheek h7j jowl, 
closeness, proximity. Beaumont. 

CHEEK'-BONE, 7U The bone of the cheek. 

CHEEKED, ft. Brought near the cheek. 

CHEEK'-TOOTH, 7U The hinder tooth or tusk. Joel i. 6. 

CHEEP, 75. i. To chirp, as a small bird. 

CHEER, V. t. [Fr. chore.] 1. To salute with shouts of joy, 
or cheers. 2. To dispel gloom, sorrow, silence or apathy ; 
to cause to rejoice ; to gladden ; to make cheerful. 3. To 
infuse life, spirit, animation ; to incite ; to encourage. 

CHEER, V. i. To grow cheerful ; to become gladsome or 
joyous. 

CHEER, 71. 1. A shout of joy. 2. A state of gladness or 
joy ; a state of animation. 3. Mirth ; gayety ; jollity ; as 


at a feast. 4. Invitation to gayety. 5. Entertainmefit t 
that which makes cheerful ; provisions for a feast. 6. Aif 
of countenance noting a greater or less degree of cheer^ 
fulness. 

CHEERED, pp. Enlivened ; animated ; made glad. 

CHEER'ER, 71. One who cheers ; he or tliat which glad- 
dens. 

*CHEER'FUL, a. 1. Lively ; animated ; having good spir- 
its ; moderately joyful. This is the most usual significa- 
tion of the word, expressing a degree of animation, less 
than mirth and jollity. 2. Full of life ; gay ; animated • 
mirthful ; musical. 3. Expressive of good spirits or joy ; 
lively ; animated. 

* CHEER'FIJL-LY, adv. In a cheerful manner ; with alac- 
rity or willingness ; readily ; witli life, animation or good 
spirits. 

* CHEER'FUL-NESS, ??. Life ; animation ; good spirits ; a 
state of moderate joy, or gayety ; alacrity. 

CHEER'I-LY, ftdu.With cheerfulness ; with spirit. 

CHEER'ING, ppr. Giving joy or gladness ; enlivening ; en- 
couraging ; animating. 

f CIIEER'ISH-NESS, ??. State of cheerfulness. 

CHEER'LESS, a. Without joy, gladness, or comfort ; 
gloomy ; destitute of any thing to enliven or animate the 
spirits. 

CIIEER'LY, ft. Gay ; cheerful ; not gloomy. 

CHEER'LY, adv. Cheerfully ; heartily ; briskly. 

CHEER'UP, or CIIIR'UP, v. t. To make clieerful. [.d col- 
loquial woi'd.] Dr. Che7jnc. 

CHEER'Y, ft. Gay ; sprightly ; having power to make gay. 

CIIEES^E, 71. [Sax. cese, or C7jse.]. 1. The curd of milk, 
coagulated by rennet, separated from the serum or whey, 
and pressed in a vat, hoop or Tiiold. 2. A mass of pom- 
ace or ground apples, placed on a press. JsTew-En gland. 

CHEESE'-CAKE, n. A cake made of soft curds, sugar, 
and butter. 

CHEE!5E'-M6N-GER, ti. One who deals in or sells cheese. 

CHEESE'-PaR-ING, 71. Tlie rind or paring of cheese. 

CHEESE'-PRESS, n. A press, or engine for pressing ciud 
in the making of cheese. 

CHEESE'-REN-NET, 71 . A plant, ladies’ bed-straw, 
verTtm. 

CHEESE'-VAT, ti. The vat or case in which curds ajc 
confined for pressing. Olanville. 

CKEES'Y, ft. Having the nature, qualities, taste or form 
of cheese. 

CHEG'OE, 77. A tropical insect that enters the skin of the 
feet, and multiplies incredibly, causing an itching. Eiinjc. 

CHEI'ROP-TER, 71. [Gr. ^^^1 rxrtpov.] An animal, 
whose anterior toes are connected by a membrane, and 
whose feet thus serve for wings, as the bat. 

CHEL'I-DON, 71. [Gr.] A brown fly with silvery wings. 

CHE-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [Gr. h.fero.] Furnish- 

ed with claws, as an animal. 

CHEL'I-FORM, a. [L. chela, and form.] Having the form 
of a claw. 

CHELMS'FOED-ITE, 7?. A mineral, arranged as a subspe- 
cies of schaalsteiii ; found in Chelmsford, Massachu- 
setts. 

€HE-Lo'NI-AN, a. [Gr. ;^£Awvj 2.] Pertainiim to or 

designating animals of the tortoise kind. 

CHEL'Y, 77. [1j. chela.] The claw of ashell-fisli. 

CHEM'I-CAL, ft. 1. Pertaining to chemistry. 2. Resulthig 
from the operation of the principles of bodies by decoui- 
position, combination, &c. 3. According to the principles 
of chemistry. 

€HEM'I-€AL-LY, adv. According to the principles cf 
chemistry ; by chemical process or operation. 

CHE-MlSE', 71. [Fr. chemise.] 1. A shift, or under garment 
worn by females. 2. A wall that lines the face of any 
work of earth. 

CHEM'IST, 71. A person versed in chemistry ; a professor 
of chemistry. 

€HEM'IS-TRY, ) 71. [This word being from the Arabic kim- 

€HIM'IS-TRY, j 7ft, the occult science, chimistrij is the 
correct orthography , in accordance with the Fr. chimie, Sp 
chwiia. It. and Port, chimica.] A science, the object of 
which is to discover the nature and properties of all bodies 
by analysis and synthesis. Macquer. 

CHECl'UER. See Checker. 

CHE-CiUIN'. SeeCEccHiN. 

CHER'IFF, 71. written also The prince of Mecca ; 

a high priest among the Mohammedans. 

CHER'ISH, V. t. [Fr. cherir.] 1. To treat with tenderness 
and affection ; to give warmth, ease or comfort to. 2. To 
hold as dear ; to embrace with affection ; to foster, and 
encourage. 3. To treat in a manner to encourage growth, 
by protection, aid, attendance, or supplying nourishment. 
4. To harbor ; to indulge and encourage in the mind. 

CHER'ISKED, pp. Treated with tenderness ; warmed , 
comforted ; fostered. 

CHER'ISH-ER, 71. One who cherishes ; an encourager ; ’u 
supporter. 


* Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BULL, UNITE. — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete. 


140 


CHI 


CHE 

CHER^ISH-INGjjjp*. Warming ; comforting j encouraging; 
fostering ; treating with affection. 

CHER'ISH-ING, n. Support ; encouragement. 

CHER'ISH-ING-LY, ado. In an affectionate manner. 

fCHER'ISH-MENT, n. Encouragement; comfort. 

CHER'MES. See Ksrmss. 

CHERiV. Sec Churn. 

CHER'RY, 71. [Fr. cerise ; L. cerasus, so named from Cera- 
sus, a city in Pontus, whence the tree was imported into 
Italy.] The fruit of a tree, a species of prunusj of which 
there are many varieties. 

CHEIMIY, a. Like a red cherry in color ; red, ruddy, 
blooming. 

CHER'RY, 71. A cordial composed of cherry-juice and spir- 
it, sweetened and diluted. 

CHER'RY-BAY. See Laurel. 

CHER'RY-CHEEKED, a. Having ruddy cheeks. 

CHER^RY-PIT, n. A child’s play, in which cherry-stones 
are thrown into a hole. 

CHER'RY-TREE, n. A tree whose fruit is cherries. 

CHER'SO-NeSE, 7f. [Gr. ^epaovtjaog.] A peninsula ; a 
tract of land of any indefinite extent, which is nearly sur- 
rounded by water, but united to a larger tract by a neck 
of land, or isthmus. 

CHERT, 77. In mineralogy., a subspecies of rhomboidal 
quartz ; called also hornstone, petrosilex, or rock Jiint. 

CHERT' Y, a. Like chert ; flinty. Pennant. 

CIIER'UB, 77. ; plu. Cherubs, but the Hebrew plural Cher- 
ubim is also used. [Heb. 3113.] A figure composed of 
various creatures, as a man, an ox, an eagle, or a lion. 
In the celestial hierarchy, cherubs are represented as spir- 
its next in order to seraphs. 

* CHER'U-BIC, ) a. [The accent is usually laid on the sec- 

♦ CHE-RO'BI€, ) ond syllable, but improperly.] Pertain- 
ing to cherubs ; angelic. Sheldon. 

CHER*U-BIM, 71. The Hebrew plural of cherub. 

CHER'[J-BIN, a. Cherubic ; angelic. Shak. 

CHER'U-BIN, n. A cherub. Dryden. 

CHER'UP. A corruption of chirp, which see. 

CHERWIL, 71. [Solx. cerfdle.] A genus of plants. 

CHES^A-PEAK, n. A bay of the United States. 

CHES'I-BLE, 71. [Old Fr. casuble.] A short vestment with- 
out sleeves, worn by a popish priest at mass. 

CHES'LIP, 71. A small vermin that lies under stones and 
tiles. Skiimer. 

CHESS, n. [Fr. echccs.'] An ingenious game peiformed by 
two parties, with different pieces, on a checkered board, 
that is, a board divided into sixty-four squares or houses. 

CHESS, n. In J\rew England, that weed which grows 
among wheat, and is supposed to be wheat degenerated cr 
changed. 

CHESS'-AP-PLE, n. A species of wild service. 

CIIESS'-BoARD, 77. The board used in the game of chess, 
and from the squares of which chess has its name. 

CHESS'-MAN, 7/. A piece or puppet, for the game of chess. 

CHESS'-PLAY-ER, n. One wdio plays chess ; one skilled 
in the game of chess. 

CHESS'-TREE, n. In ships, a piece of w’ood, bolted per- 
pendicularly on the side, to confine the clews of the main- 
sail. 

CHESiB'OM, 77, MellPw earth. Bacon. 

CHEST, 77. [Sax. cest, or cj/st.] 1. A box of wood or other 
material, in which goods are kept or transported. 2. The 
trunk of the body, from the neck to the belly ; the thorax. 
3. In commerce, a certain quantity ; as, a chest of sugar. 
— Chest of drawers is a case of movable boxes, called draw- 
ers. 

CHEST, V. t. To reposit in a chest ; to hoard. 

CHEST'ED, a. Having a chest. 

CHEST'-FOUND-ER-ING, 77. A disease in horses. 

CHEST'NUT, 77. [Sax. cystel.] The fruit, seed or nut of a 
tree, belonging to the genus fagas. 

CHEST'NUT, a. Being of the color of a chestnut ; of a 
brown color. 

CIIEST'NUT-TREE, n. The tree which produces the 
chestnut. 

CIIES'TON, 77. A species of plum. Johnson. 

t CHEV'A-CIIlE, 71. An expedition with cavalry. Chaucer. 

CHEV'AGE. See Chiefage. 

CHEV'AL DE FRI.SE, (shev'o-de-freez') generally used in 
the plural, chevaux de frise. [Fr. cheval and frise.'^ - 1. 
A piece of tiinber, traversed with wooden spikes, pointed 
wuth iron, five or six feet long ; used to defend a passage, 
stop a breach, or make a retrenchment to stop cavalry. 
2. A kind of trimming. 

CHEV-A-LIeR', 77. [Fr.] 1. A knight; a gallant young 

man. 2. In heraldry, a horseman armed at all points. 

CTIEV^'EN, n. [Fr. chtvcsnx.] A river fish, the chub. 

CHEV'ER-IL, 77. [Fr. c/ictreau.] A kid, or, rather, leather 
made of kid-skin ; 'used as a noun or adjective. 

CHEV'ER-IL-TZE, v. t. To make as pliable as kid-leather. 

CIIEV'I-SANCE, 77. [Fr. chevir.'] 1. Achievement ; deed ; 
performance ; enterprise accomplished ; [ois.] — 2. In law, 


a making of contracts ; a bargain. 3. An unlawful agree- 
ment or contract. 4. An agreement or composition, as 
an end or order set down between a creditor and his 
debtor. 

CHEV'RON, n. [Fr.] In heraldry, an honorable ordinary, 
representing two rafters of a house meeting at the top. 
CHEV'RONED, a. Having a chevron, or the form of it. B. 
Jon son. 

CHEV'RON-EL, 71. A diminutive of the heraldic chevron. 
B. Jonson. 

CHEV-RO-TAIN', n. [from Fr. chevre.] The smallest of 
the rmtelope kind. 

CHEW, V. t. [Sax. ccowan.] 1. To bite and grind with the 
teeth ; to masticate, as food, to prepare it for deglutition 
and digestion. 2. To ruminate in the thoughts ; to medi- 
tate. 3. To champ; to bite, hold, or roll about in the 
mouth. 4. To taste without swallowing. 

CHEW, V, i. To champ upon ; to ruminate. 

CHEW, 77. That whicli is chewed ; that which is held in 
the mouth at once ; a cud. [ Vulgar.] 

CHEWED, pp. Ground by the teeth ; masticated. 
CHEW'ET, 77. .A kind of pic, made with chopped sub- 
stances. 

CHEW'ING, ppr. Grinding with the teeth; masticating; 

ruminating ; meditating ; champing. 

CHFA, 77. A beautiful Mexican plant. 

CHI'AN, a. Pertaining toHJhius, an isle in Hie Levant. 
CHI-AS'TO-LrrE, 77. A mineral, called also 777acZc. 
CHIB'BAL, 77. [Fr. ciboule.] A small sort of onion. 
CIII-CaNE', 77. [Fr. chicane,] 1. In latv, shift ; turn ; trick ; 
cavil ; an abuse of judiciary proceedings, by artifices, un- 
fair practices, or idle objections. 2. fc;ophistry. 3. Any 
artifice or stratagem. 

CHI-CaNE', V. i. [Fr. c/77ca7icr.] To use shifts, cavils 01 
_ artifices. 

CHI-CaN'ER, 77. [Fr. chienneur.] One who uses shifts, 
turns, evasions or undue artifices, in litigation or disputes ; 
_ a cavfler ; a sophister ; an unfair disputant. 
CHI-CaN'ER-Y, 77. [Fr. ckicmierie.] Sophistry ; mean or 
unfair artifices, to fierplex a cause and obscure the truth. 
CHICIPES, 77. plu. Dwarf peas. 

CHICIi'LING, 1 77. A vetch or pea, of the genus 

CHICIPLING-VETCH, \ lathyrus. 

CHICK, V. i. To sprout, as seed in the ground ; to vegetate. 
Todd. 

CHICK, ) 11. [Pax. cicen.] 1. The young of fowls, par- 
CHICK'EN, ) ticularly of the domestic hen, or gallinaceous 
fowls. 2. A person of tender years. 3. A word of ten- 
(icni6ss 

CmCK'EN-riEART'ED, a. Timid ; fearful ; cowardly. 
CHICK'EN-POX, 77. A mild, contagious, eruptive disease, 
generally appearing in children. 

CIIICK'LING, 77. A small chick or chicken. 

CHICK'-PEA, 77. [L. ciccr.] A plant or pea. 
CHICK'-WEED, 77. A plant of the genus alsinc. 

CHIDE, V. t. ; pret. chid ; [chodc is olis.] ; part, chid, chidden 
[Sax. cidav, chidan.] l.'To scold at ; to reprove ; to utter 
words in anger, or by way of disapprobation ; to rebuke. 
2. To blame ; to reproach. 

CHIDE, V. i. 1. To scold ; to clamor ; to find fault ; to con 
tend in words of anger. 2. To quarrel. 3. To make a 
rough, clamorous, roaring noise. 

CHIDE, 77. Murmur ; gentle noise. Thomson. 

CIIID'Ell, 77. One who chides, clamors, reproves or re- 
l)H lC0S 

f CHID'ER-EPP, 77. A female who chides. 

CHTDHXG, ppr. Peopling ; clamoring ; rebuking ; making a 
harsli or continued noise. 

CHIDHNG, 77. A scolding or clamoring ; rebuke ; reproof. 
CIIlDHNC-LY, adv. In a scolding or reproving manner. 
CHlb'.F, (cheef) a. [Fr. chef.] J. Highest in office or rank ; 
principal. 2. I’rincipal or ino.'Jt eminent, in any quality 
or action ; most distinguished ; having most influence ; 
commanding most respect ; taking the lead ; most valua- 
ble ; most important. 3. First in affection ; most dear and 
familiar. 

CHIf.F, 77. 1. A commander; particularly a military com- 
mander ; the person wlio heads an army. 2. The princi- 
pal person of a tribe, family, or congregation, &c. — 3. In 
chief, in English law, in capite. To hold land in chief, is 
to hold it directly from the king, by honorable pereonal 
services. — 4. In heraldry, chief signifies the head or up- 
per part of the escutcheon, from side to side, representing 
a man’s head. 5. \n Spenser, it seems to signify soine- 
thiiur like achievement, a mark of distinction. Johnson. 
6. This word is often used, in the singular number, to ex- 
press a plurality. 7. The [irincipal part ; the most or 
larcest part of one thing or of many. 
chief, ndv. Chiefly. 

t Cin eF'AGE, or t CHi?.V<AGE, 77. A tribute by the head 
C^HIkF'DOM, 77. Sovereignty. Spenser. 
tCHlKF'EPS, 77. A female chief among the Indians. Car- 
ver. 

CHIeF'LEPP, a. Without a chief or leader. 


*See Synopsis. A, E, T, 6, t), Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY PtN, MARINE, BIRD;— [ Obsolete. 


CHI 


141 


CHISF'LY, adv. 1. Principally j eminently j in the first 
place. 2. For the most part. 

CHIeF'RIF, a. A small rent paid to the lord paramount. 

CHIeF'TAIN, 71. A captain, leader, or commander j a 
chief } the Jiead of a troop, army, or clan. 

CHIeF'TAIN-IIY, \n. Headship-, captaincy; the gov- 

CHIEF'TAIJV-SHIP, j eminent over a clan. 

I CH1eV^\NCE, n. [Norm, c/iieisaricc.] An unlawful bar- 
gain ; traffick in which money is extorted. 

f jUHIEVE, or CHIVE, V. 7. [Fr. cheoir.] To come to an 
end ; to issue ; to succeed Chaucer. 

CHIL'BLAIN, 71. A blain or sore produced by cold. 

CHILD, 71.; plu. CHiL^DKErf. [Sax. ciZd.] 1. A son or a 
daughter ; a male or female descendant in the first de- 
gree ; the immediate progeny of parents ; applied to the 
human race, and cliietly to a person when young. 2. 
One weak in knowledge, experience, judgment, or at- 
tainments. 3. One young in grac-e. 4. One who is born 
again, spiritually renewed and adopted. 5. One who is 
the product of another ; or whose principles and morals 
are the product of another. G. In the plural, the descend- 
ants of a man, however remote ; as, the children of Israel. 
7. The inhabitants of a country. — To he with child, to be 
pregnant. 

t CHILD, V. i. To bring children. Shak, 

CHILD'-BEaR-ING, a. or ppr. Bearing or producing chil- 
dren. 

CHILD'-BEAR-ING, ?i. The act of producing or bringing 
forth children ; parturition. 

CHILD'BED, 77. The state of a woman bringing forth a 
child, or being in labor ; parturition. 

CHILD'BiRTH, 7i. The act of bringing forth a child ; trav- 
ail j labor. 

tCHiLD'ED, a. Furnished with a child. Shak. 

CHILD'ER-MAS-DAY, n. An anniversary of the cliurch of 
England, held on the 28th of December, in commemora- 
tion of the children of Bethlehem slain by Herod ; called 
also Innocents^-Day. 

CHILD'HOOD, 77. [Sax. ciZd/iad.] 1. The state of a child, 
or the time in which persons are children, including the 
time from birth to puberty. 2. The properties of a child. 

CHILDUNG, ppr. [The verb to child is not now used.] 
Bearing children ; producing ; as, childing women. 

CHILD'iSH, a. 1. Belonging to a child ; trifling ; puerile. 
2. Pertaining to a child. 3. Pertaining to chilaren ; igno- 
rant ; silly ; weak. 

CHTLD'ISH-LY, adv. In the manner of a child ; in a tri- 
fling way ; in a weak or foolish manner. 

fCHILD'ISH-MIND'ED-NESS, 77. Triflingness. Bacon. 

CHTLDTSII-NESS, n. Triflingness ; puerility ; the state or 
qualities of a child. 

CHILD LESS, a. Destitute of children or offspring. 

CHILD LIKE, a. Resembling a child, or that which belongs 
to children ; becoming a child ; meek ; submissive ; duti- 
ful. 

CHILD'LY, a. Like a child. 

CIIIL'DREN, 77. pin. of child. 

CHIL'f-AD, 77. [Gr. 1. A thousand ; a collection 

or sum containing a thousand individuals or particulars. 
2. The period of a thousand years. 

CH IL'I-A-GON, 77. [Gr. and ywvia.J A plain figure 
of a thousand angles and sides. 

CillL-f-A-HE DRON, n. [Gr. and f^pa.] A figure of 
a thousand equal sides. 

CHIL'1-ARCH, 77. [Gr. ;3^7X7aand The military com- 

mander or chief of a thousand men. 

€HiL'I ARGH-Y, n. A body consisting of a thousand 
men. 

CH IL'f-AST, 77. One of the sect of Millenarians. 

eniL-l-FAC'TIVE. Sec Chyli facti ve. 

CHIL-I-OL'l-TER. Sec Kiloliter. 

CH IL-l-OM'E-TER. See Kilometer. 

CHILL, 71. [Sax. cele, cijle, cyZ.] 1. A shivering with 
cold ; rigors, as in aii ague ; the cold fit that precedes a 
fever ; sensation of cold in an animal body ; chilliness. 
2. A moderate degree of cold ; chilliness in any body ; 
that which gives the sensation of cold. 

CHILL, a. 1. Cool; moderately cold; tending to cause 
.shivering. 2. Shivering with cold. 3. Cool ; distant ; 
formal ; dull; not warm, animated, or aflectionate. 4. 
Depressed ; dispirited ; dejected ; discouraged. 

CHILL, 1 '. t. 1. To cause a shivering, or slirinking of the 
skin ; to check circulation or motion. 2. To make cold, 
or cool ; as, the evening air chills the earth. 3. To blast 
with cold ; to check the circulation in plants, and stop 
their growth. 4. To check motion, life, or action ; to de- 
press ; to deject ; to discourage. 

t CHITjIj, V. i. To shiver. 

CHILLED, pp. Made cool ; made to shiver ; dejected. 

CHIL'LI, 77. A Mexican plant, Guinea pepper. 

CHILL'[-NESS, 77. 1. A sensation of shivering; rigors. 
2. A moderate degree of coldness. 

CIIILL'ING, ppr. Cooling ; causing to shiver. 


cm 

CHILL'NESS, 7t. Coolness ; coldness ; a shivering* 
CHILL'Y, a. Cool ; moderately cold, 

I CHILL* Y, arfy. Coldly. Sherwood. 

CHIL'O^RAM, Sec Kilogram. 

CHIMB. See Chime. 

CHIME, 77. [Cliaucer, chimbe ; Dan. Winter.] 1. The con- 
sonant or liarinonic sounds of several correspondent in- 
struments. 2. Correspondence of sound. 3. The musi- 
cal sounds of bells struck with hammers. 4. Correspond- 
ence of proportion or relation. 5. A kind of periodical 
music, or tune of a clock, produced by an apparatus an- 
nexed to it. 6. A set of bells which chime, or ring in 
harmony. 

CHIME, V. i. 1. To sound in consonance or harmony ; to 
accord. 2. To correspond in relation or proportion. 3. 
To agree ; to fall in with. 4. To agree ; to suit with. 
5. To jingle; to clatter. 

CHIME, XT. t. 1. To move, strike, or cause to sound in har- 
mony. 2. To strike or cause to sound, as a set of bells. 
CHIME, 77. [D. kirn ; G. Ai77i777e.] The edge or brim of a 
cask or tub, formed by the ends of the staves. 

CHIM'ER, 77. One who chimes. 

CHI-Mk*RA, 77. [L. chi/iuera.] 1. In fabulous history, a 
monster with three heads, that of a lion, of a goat, and of 
a dragon, vomiting flames. — 2. In modern usage, a vain 
or idle fancy. 

CHI-MeRE*, 71. [It. ciamare.] A robe. Wheathj. 
€HI-MER'I-CAL, a. Merely imaginary ; fanciful ; fantas- 
tic ; wildly or vainly conceived ; that has or can have no 
existence except in thought. 

€HI-MER'I-€AL-LY% adv Wildly; vainly; fancifully; 
fantastically. 

t CHIM*ER-1TE, V, i. To entertain wild fancies. 
CHIM*I-€AL, ) a. 1. Pertaining to chemistry. 2. Result- 
CHEMfl-CAL, \ ing from the operation of the principles 
of bodies by decomposition, combination, <Scc. 3. Accord- 
ing to the principles of chemistry. 

CHIM'I-CAL-LY, | adv. According to chemical principles ; 
CHEMH-CAL-LY, \ by chemical process or operation. 
CHIM IN-AGE, 77. [Fr. chemin.] In law, a toll for passage 
through a forest. 

CHiM'ING, ppr. Causing to chime ; sounding in accodr- 
ance. 

CHIM'IST, ) n. A person versed in chemistry ; a professor 
CHEMHST, i of chemistry. 

CHIM*IST-RY, ) 77. [Fr. chimie ; Sp.chimia. Theorthogra- 
CHEMHST-RY, j pliy of tliis word has undergone changes 
through ignorance of its origin. It is the Arabic kimia, the 
occult art or science, from kamai, to conceal. The common 
orthography is from %£to, to melt or fuse ; the old orthogra 
phy was from same word, differently written.] A 

science, the object of which is to discover the nature and 
properties of all bodies by analysis and synthesis. Jl/cc- 
(jtier. See Chemistry. 

CHIM'NEY, 77. ; plu. Chimneys. [Fr. ckemhiee.] 1. In 
architecture, a body erected in a building, containing a 
funnel or funnels, to convey smoke through the roof, from 
the fire-place. 2. A fire-place ; the lower part of the body 
of brick or stone, w'hich confines and conveys smoke. 
CrilM'NEY-COR*NER, n. 1. The corner of a fire-place, or 
the space between the fire and the sides of the fire-place. 
2. In a xnorc enlarged sense, the fire-side, or a place near 
tlie fire. 

CHIM*NEY-IIOOK, n. A hook for holding pots and kettles 
over a fire. 

CHIM'NEY-MoN'EY, n. Hearth-money, a duty paid for 
each chimney in a house. 

CHIM'NEY-PIeCE, 77. An ornamental piece of wood or 
stone set round a fire-place. 

CHIM'xNEY-SWEEP'ER, 77. One whose occupation is to 
sweep and scrape chimneys, to clean them of the soot 
that adheres to their sides. 

CHIM*NEY-TOP, n. The summit of a chimney 
CHIM-PAN*ZEE, 77. An animal of the ape kind. 

CHIN, 77. [Fax. cinyie.] The lower extremity of the face 
below the mouth ; the point of the under jaw. 

*CHI'NA, 77. A species of earthen ware made in China,, 
and so called from the country ; called also china war& 
and porcelain. See Porcelain. 

* CHPNA-OR'ANGE, 77. The sweet orange, said to have 
been originally brought from China. 

* CIIl'NA-ROOT, 77. The root of a species of smilax.. 
CHINCH, 77. A genus of insects. 

CHIN'-COUGH, 77. [D. ki/ik-hoest.] A contagious disease, 
often epidemic among children. 

CHINE, 77. [Fr. echine.'] 1. The back-bone, or spine of an 
animal. 2. A piece of the back-bone of an animal, with 
the adjoining parts, cut for cooking. 3. The chime of a 
cask, or the ridge formed by the ends of the staves. Stat* 
of Penn. 

CHINE, V. t. To cut through the back-bone, or into chine- 
pieces. 

CHINEJ), a. Pertaining to the back. Beaumont 
CHI-NeSE*, a. Pertaining to China. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


CHO 





CHI 





CHt‘N£SE', w. sing, and plu. A native of China ; also, the 
language of China. 

CHIiS'GLE, 71. Gravel free from dirG See Shingle. 

CHINK, 71. [Sax. ci/ia or ci7iM.] A small aperture length- 
wise j a cleft, rent, or fissure ; a gap or crack. 

CHINK, v% i. To crack j to open. Barret, 

CHINK, V. t. To open or part, and form a fissure. 

CHINK, V. t. To cause to sound by shaking coins or small 
pieces of metal. 

CHINK, V. i. To make a small, sharp sound, as by the col- 
lision of little pieces of money, or other sonorous bodies. 

CHINK'A-PIN, n. The dwarf chestnut, f ague pu?/iila. 

CHINK'Y, a. Full of chinks, or fissures j gaping j opening 
in narrow clefts. Dry den. 

CHINNED, a. Having a long chin. Kersey, 

CHINSE, V. t. In naval affairs, to thrust oakum into the 
seams or chinks of a ship with a chisel or point of a 
knife. 

CHINTS, 77. [D. chits t Hindoo, cheent ; Pers. chinz.l Cot- 
ton cloth, printed with more than two colors. 

CHIOP-PINE', (chop-peen') n, [Sp.chapin.] A high shoe, 
formerly worn by ladies. Shak. 

CHIP, CHEAP, CHIP'PING, in the names of places, im- 
ply a market ; from Sax. ceapan, cypan, to buy or sell. 

CHIP, n. 1. A piece of wood, or other sutetance, separated 
from a body by a cutting instrument, particularly by an 
axe. 2. A fragment or piece broken off ; a small piece. 

CHIP, V. t. To cut into small pieces, or chips ; to diminish by 
cutting away a little at a time, or in small pieces ; to hew. 

CHIP, V. i. To break or fly off in small pieces, as in potter’s 
ware. 

CHIP'-AXE, 71. An axe for chipping. ♦ 

CHIPPED, pp. Cut in chips, or small pieces* hewed. 

CHIP'PING, ppr. Cutting off in small pieces. 

CHlPTINGj n. 1. A chip ; a piece cut off or separated by 
a cutting or engraving instrument ; a fragment. 2. The 
flying or breaking off, in small pieces, of the edges of pot- 
ter’s ware and porcelain. 

€HI-RAG'RA, n. The gout in the hands only. 

CHI-RAG'RI-CAL, a. [^from chiragra.'] Having the gout in 
the hand, or subject to that disease. 

CHillK, a. [D. circken.'] Lively ) cheerful ; in good spirits ; 
in a comfortable state. 

|CHiRK, r. i. To chirp. Chaucer. 

I OHiRM, V. i. [Sax. cyrman.] To sing as a bird. 

CIIPRO-GRAPH, 7». [Gr. and ypa(p(t).] 1. Anciently, 
a deed, which, requiring a counterpart, was engrossed 
twice on the same piece of parchment, with a space be- 
tween, in which was written chirograph, through which 
the parchment was cut, and one part given to each party. 
It answered to what is now called n charter-party. 2. A 
fine, so called from the manner of engrossing, which is 
still retained in the chirographer’s office in England. 

GHI-ROG'RA-PHER, n. He that exercises or professes the 
art or business of writing. — In England, an officer in the 
common pleas, who engrosses fines. 

eHUKO-GRAPfflSAL, \ “■ Tertaining to chirograpliy. 

€HI-ROG'RA-PllIST, n. One who tells fortunes by exam- 
ining the hand. Arbuthnot. 

€HI-ROG'RA-PIIY, 71. The art of writing, or a writing 
with one’s own hand. 

€HI-RO-LOG'l-€AL, a. Pertaining to chirology. 

CHI-ROL'O-GIST, n. [Gr. and Aoyo?.] One who com- 
municates thoughts by signs made with the hands and 
fingers. 

€II1-R0L'0-GY, 71. The art or practice of communicating 
thoughts by signs made by the hands and fingers ; a sub- 
stitute for language or discourse, used by the deaf and 
dumb. 

OHIIFO-MAN-CER, 71. One who attempts to foretell fu- 
ture events, or to tell the fortunes and dispositions of per- 
sons, by inspecting the hands. 

* €HIR'0-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. ^eip and pavreia.] Divination 
by the hand. 

»GHIR-0-MAN'TI€, a. Pertaining to chiromancy, or divina- 
tion by the hand. 

CIIiRP, 71 . 7 . [Ger. zirpen.] To make the noise of certain 
small birds, or of certain insects. 

CHiftP, V. t. To make cheerful. Pope. 

CHiRP, 71 . A particular voice of certain birds or insects. 

CHiRP'ER, n. One that chirps, or is cheerful. 

CHiRPTNG, ppr. Making the noise of certain small birds. 

CHiRP'ING, n. The noise of certain small birds and in- 
sects. 

CIIIRRE, V. i. [Sax. ceorian.] To coo, as a pigeon. 

t OHI-RUR/GEON, n. [Gr. A surgeon; one 

whose profession is to heal diseases by manual opera- 
tions, instruments, or external applications. 

€HI-RUR'GE-RY, n. [Gr. Xf^^povpyia.'] That part of the 
medical art which consists in healing diseases and wounds 
by instruments and external applications ; now written 
surgery. 


€HI-RT[R^Gl€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to surgety. 2. Hav- 

€HI-RUR'Gl-€AL, \ ing qualities useful in external appli- 
cations for healing diseases or injuries. It is now writ- 
ten surgical, 

CHIS'EL, n. [Fr. ciseau,] An instrument of iron or steel, 
used either for pafing wood or stone. 

CHI.'^'EL, V. t. To cut, pare, gouge, or engrave with a 
chisel. 

CHIS'ELED, pp. Cut or engraved with a chisel. 

CHIS'EL-ING, ppr. Cutting with a chisel. 

CHIS'LEU, 71. [Heb. )Sd 3.J The ninth month of the Jew 
ish year, answering to a part of November and a part of 
December, in the modern division of the year. 

CHIT, 71. [Sax. cit/t.] 1. A shoot or sprout ; the first shoot- 
ing or germination of a seed or plant. 2. A child or babe, 
in familiar language. 3. A freckle, that is, a push. 

CHIT, V. i. To Sprout ; to shoot, as a seed or plant. 

CHIT-CHAT, 71 . [See Chat, Chatter.] Prattle ; familiar 
or trifling talk. 

fCHIT'TER, V i. [Dutch, citteren.] To shiver. 

CHIT'TER-LING, n. The frill to the breast of a shirt. 

CHITTER-LINGS,7i.pZ. [G. kuttel.] The guts or bowels ; 
sausages. Bailey. 

CHITTY, a. 1. Childish ; like a babe. 2. Full of chits or 
warts. 

* OHIV'AL-ROUS, a. Pertaining to chivalry, or knight- 
errantry ; warlike ; bold ; gallant. 

*CHIV'AL-RY, 71. [Fr. chevalerie.'] 1. Knighthood; a 
military dignity, founded on the service of soldiers on 
horseback, called knights ; a service formerly deemed 
more honorable than service in infantry. 2. The quali- 
fications of a knight, as valor and dexterity in arms. 3. 
The system of knighthood ; the privileges, characteristics 
or manners of knights ; the practice of knight-errantry, or 
the heroic defence of life and honor. 4. An adventure or 
exploit, as of a knight. 5. The body or order of knights. 
— (3. In English law, a tenure of lands by knight’s ser- 
vice. 

CHIVE, 71. [Fr. cive ,* L. cepa.'] A species of small onion. 

CHIVES, 71. plu. In botany, slender threads or filaments 
in the blossoms of plants. 

CHLo'RATE, n. A compound of chloric acid with a salifi- 
able base. 

CHLo'RIC, a. Pertaining to chlorine, or obtained from it. 

CHLo'RIDE, ) n. A compound of chlorine with a combus- 

CHLo'RID, i tible body. 

€HLo-RIl>I€, a. Pertaining to a chloride. Ure. 

CHLoTINE, I 71. [Gr. ;i^Xa)poff.] Chloric gas, or oxymuri- 

CHLo'RIN, I atic gas. 

CHLO-RI-ODTC, a. Consisting of chlorine and iodine, or 
obtained from them. Davy. 

CHLo'RIS, 71. [Gr. vXwpoj.] The greenfinch, a small 

bird. 

CHLo'RITE, 71. [Gr. vXwpo?.] A mineral. 

€HLo'RO-€AR-BON'l€, \ a. Terms applied to a com- 

€HLo'RO-€aR'BO-NOUS, i pound of chlorine and car- 
bonic oxyd. 

CHLO-Ro'PAL, 71. A mineral, of two varieties. 

CHLo'RO-PHANE, n. [Gr. ;:^Xwpo? and 0atvw.] A variety 
of fluor spar, from Siberia. 

CHLO'RO-PHEiTE, n. [Gr. x}^wpog and <paiog.'\ A rare min- 
eral, found in small nodules. 

CllLo'RO-PHYL, 71. [Gr. ;;^Xa)pof and 0uXXov.] The green 
matter of the leaves of vegetables. 

CHLO-Ro'SIS, 71. [Gr. ;^Xcopo?.j The green sickness; a dis- 
ease of females. 

CIlLO-ROTffC, a. 1. Pertaining to chlorosis. 2. Affected 
by chlorosis. 

CHLryROUS, a. Pertaining to chlorine. 

CHOAK. See Choke. 

CHOCK, 71. In marine language, a kind of wedge for con- 
fining a cask or other body. 

CHOCK, 7?. An encounter. See Shock. 

CHOC'O-LATE, n. [Fr. chocolat ; Sp., Port, chocolate.l 1. 
A paste or cake composed of the kernel of cacao, with 
other ingredients, usually a little sugar, cinnamon or va- 
nilla. 2. The liquor made by dissolving chocolate in boil- 
ing water. 

CHOC'O-LATE- HOUSE, n. A house where company may 
be served with chocolate. 

CHOC'O-LATE-NUT. See Cacao. 

CHODE. The old preterit of chide, which see. 

CHOICE, n. [Fr. choix.'] 1. The act of choosing ; the vol- 
untary act of selecting or separating from two or more 
things that which is preferred ; election. 2. The power 
of choosing ; option. 3. Care in selecting ; judgment or 
skill in distinguishing what is to be preferred, and in giv- 
ing a preference. 4. The thing chosen ; that which is 
approved and selected in preference to others ; selection. 
5. The best part of any thing ; that which is preferable ; 
and properly, the object of choice. 6. The act of electing 
to office by vote ; election. — To make choice of, to choose j 
to select ; to separate and take in preference. 


* See Synopsis, A, E, I, O, tJ, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete, 


CHO 


143 


CHO 


CHOICE, a. 1. Worthy of being preferred ; select ; pre- 
cious ; very valuable. 2. Holding dear ; preserving or 
using \vith care, as valuable ; frugal. 3. Selecting with 
care, and due attention to preference. 

CHOICE'-DRAWN, a. Selected with particular care. Shak. 

CHOICE'LESS, a. Not liaving the power of choosing j not 
free, 

CHOICE LY, (chois'ly) adv. 1. With care in choosing ; 
with nice regard to preference 5 with exact choice. 2. 
Valuably; excellently ; preferably; curiously. 3. With 
great care ; carefully. 

CHOICE'NESS, (chois'ness) 11 . Valiiableness ; particular 
value or worth. 

* CHOIIl, (kwire) n. [L. c/toru5.] 1 A collection of singers, 
especially in divine service, in a church. 2. Any collec- 
tion of singers. 3. That part of a church appropriated for 
the singers, separated from the chancel and the nave. — 4. 
in nunneries, a large hall adjoining to the body of the 
church, separated by a grate, where the nuns sing the of- 
fice. 

€HOiR-SER'VICE, The service of singing performed by 
a choir. 

CHOKE, v.t. [Sax. aceocan.] 1. To stop the passage of the 
breatli, by filling the windpipe, or compressing the neck ; 
to suifocate ; to strangle. 2. To stop by filling ; to ob- 
struct ; to block up. 3. To hinder by obstruction or im- 
pediments ; to hinder or check growth, expansion, or 
progress. 4. 1 o smother or sulTocate, as fire. 5. To sup- 
press or stifle. Shak. 6. To oftend ; to cause to take an 
exception. 

CHOKE, V. i. I. To have the windpipe stopjied. 2. To 
he offended ; to take exceptions. 

CHOKE, n. The filamentous or capillary part of the arti- 
choke. 

CH6KE'-CHER-RY, n. The popular name of a species of 
wild cherry, remarkable for its astringent qualities. 

CHOKED, Suflbeated ; strangled ; obstructed by filling ; 
stifled ; suppressed ; smothered. 

CHOKE'-FULL, a. Full as possible ; quite full. 

CHoKE'-PEaR, n. 1. A kind of pear that has a rough, as- 
tringent taste, and is swallowed with difficulty. 2. An 
aspersion or sarcasm by which a person is put to silence ; 
[ti loio term.'\ 

CHoK'ER, n. One that chokes another ; one that puts an- 
other to silence ; that which cannot be answered. 

CHoKE'-WEED, n. A plant so called. 

CHOK'Y, a. That tends to suifocate, or has power to suffo- 
cate. 

GHOIi'A-GOG tJE, (koPa-gog) «. [Gr. ;^oX?7yayos'.] A medi- 
cine that has the specific quality of evacuating the bile. 

CHOL'ER, ?i. [L. c/io/era.] J. The bile. 2. Anger; wrath; 
irritation of the passions. — Cholera morbus, a sudden 
evacuation of bile, both upwards and downwards. 

CHOL'ER-IG, a. 1. Abounding with choler. 2. Easily irri- 
tated ; irtiscible ; inclined to anger. 3. Angry ; indicat- 
ing anger ; excited by anger. 

€MI6L'ER-IC-NESS, 71 . Irascibility; anger; peevishness. 

CIIO-LES'TER-IC, a. Pertaining to cholesterine, or obtain- 
ed from it. 

€1]0-LEkS'3’ER-INE, ) n. [Gr. V0X77 and crepcog.] The 

CHO-LES'TER-IN, | pearly or crystaline substance of 
human biliary calculi. 

CnOL-[-AM'BlC, 7/. [L. choliambi.] A verse in poetry hav- 
ing an iambic foot in Hie fifth place, and a spondee in the 
sixth or last. 

CHON'DRO-DITE, n. A mineral, called also brucite. 

CHOOSE, V. t.; pret. chose ; pp. chosen, chose. [Sax. ceosan ; 
1). kiezen.] ]. To pick out; to select; to take by way 
of preference from two or more things offered ; to make 
choice of. 2. To take in preference. 3. To prefer ; to 
choose for imitation ; to follow. 4. To elect for eternal 
happiness ; to predestinate to life. 5. To elect or desig- 
nate to office or employment by votes or suffrages. 

CHOOSE, V. i. 1. To prefer ; as, I choose to go. 2. To 
liave tlie power of choice. 

CIJOOS'ER, ??. He that cliooses ; he that has the power or 
right of choosing ; an elector. 

CHOOS'ING, ])pr. Selecting ; taking in preference ; elect- 
ing. 

CHOOSTNG, 77. Choice ; election. 

CHOP, V. t. [G. and D. kappen.l E To cut off or separate, 
by striking with a sharp instrument, either by a simile 
blow or by rejieated blows. 2. To cut into small pieces ; 
to mince. 3. To grind and mince with the teeth ; to de- 
vour eagerly ; witl'i up. 4. To break or open into chinks 
or fissures ; to crack ; to chap. See Chap. 

fClIOP, V. i. E To catch or attempt to seize witli the 
mouth. 2. To light or fall on suddenly. — To chop in, to 
become modish. — To chop out, to give vent to. 

3HOP, V. t. [Sax. ceapian, cypan.] E To buy, or rather to 
barter, truck, exchange. 2. To exchange ; to put one 
thing in the place of another. 3. To bandy ; to alter- 
cate ; to return one word or thing for another. 


CHOP, V. i. To turn, vary, change or shift suddenly. 

CHOP, 71. 1. A piece chopped oft'; a small piece of ineaL 
2. A crack or cleft. 3. The chap ; the jaw ; plu. the 
jaws ; the mouth ; the sides of a river’s mouth or chan- 
nel. See Chap. 

CHOP'-CHURCH, 7ij An exchange or an exchanger of ben- 
efices. 

CHOP'-FAI^LEN, a. Dejected ; dispirited. 

CHOP'-HOUSE, n. A house where provision ready dressed 
is sold. 

^CHOP'IN, 77. \¥\'. chopine.l A liquid measure in FraTice, 
In Scotland, a quart of wine measure. 

CHOPPED, pp. Cut; minced. 

CHOP PER, n. A butcher’s cleaver. 

CHOPTING, ppr. Cutting; mincing; buying; bartering. 

CHOPTING, a. Stout ; lusty ; plump. 

CHOP'PING, 71. chapin.] 1. A high-heeled shoe, worn 
by ladies in Italy. [See Chiopfine.] 2. A cutting ; a 
mincing ; from chop. 

CHOP'PING-BLOCK, n. A block on which any thing is laid 
to be chopped. 

CHOPTfNG-KNIFE, n. A knife for mincing meat. 

CHOPTY, a. Full ofclefts or cracks. 

CHOPS. See Chop. 

fCHO-RA'GHS, 7t. [L.] The superintendent of the ancient 
chorus. 

CHO'RAIj, a. [from chorus.] 1. Belonging to or composing 
a choir or concert. 2. Singing in a choir. 

€HO'RAL-LY, ado. In the manner of a chorus. 

CHORD, 77. [L. chorda.] 1. The string of a musical instru- 
ment. — 2. In music, the union of two or more sounds ut- 
tered at the same time, forming an entire harmony.^3. 
In geometry, a right line drawn or supposed to extend 
from one end of an arch of a circle to the other. 

CHORD, V. t. To string. Dryden. 

CHOR-DEE', 7t. In medicine and surgery, an inflammatory 
or spasmodic contraction of the frcenuin. 

CHORE, (tshore) n. [Eng. char.] In America, this word 
denotes small work of a domestic kind, as distinguished 
from the principal work of the day. See Char. 

CHOR-E-PIS'CO-PAL, a. [Gr. and tTTicKoroq.] Per- 

taining to the power of a suffragan, or local bishop. 

t CHOR-E-PIS'CO-PUS, n. A suffragan, or local bishop. 

CHO-RE'US, 71. [Gr. x^peiog.] In ancient poetry, a foot of 
two syllables, the first long, and the second short ; the 
trochee. 

CHOR'I-AMB, or CHOR-I-AAPBUS, 7i. [Gr. and 

iap(^og.] In anciejit poetry, a foot consisting of four sylla- 
bles, of which the first and last are long, and the others 
short. 

CIIOR-I-AIM'BIG, 71. A choriamb. 

CHOR-I-AIVPBIC, a. Pertaining to a choriamb. Mason. 

€Ho^RI-ON, n. [Gr. ;i^o(7{ov, or ;^wp£ov.] In anatomy, the 
exterior membrane which invests the fetus in utero. 

CHo'RlST, 77. [Fr. choriste.] A singing man in a choir. 

* CIIOR'IS-TER, 77. 1. Literally, a singer ; one of a choir; 
a singer in a concert. 2. One who leads a choir in church 
music. This is the sense in the United States. 

CIlO-ROGTi-A-PlIER, 77. A person who describes a particu- 
lar region or country ; or one who forms a map of partic- 
ular countries. . 

CHOR-O-GRAPHT-CAL, a. Pertaining to chorography ; 
descriptive of particular regions or countries ; laying down 
or marking the bounds of particular countries. 

CHOR-O-GRAPHT-CAL-LY, adv. In a chorographical man- 
ner ; in a manner descriptive of particular regions. 

CHO-ROG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. The art or practice of 

making a map of a particular region, country, or province ; 
or of marking its limits, bounds or position. 

CHd'ROID, 77. [Gr. ;\;oj37oi/ and In anatomy, a term 

applied to several parts of the body that resemble the cho- 
rion. 

CIJo'RUS, 77. [L. c/7or7rs.] 1. A number of singers ; a com- 
pany of persons singing in concert. 2. The persons who 
are supposed to behold what passes in the acts of a trage- 
dy, aiid sing their sentiments between the acts. 3. The 
song between the acts of a tragedy. 4. Verses of a song 
in which the company join the singer ; or the union of a 
company with a singer, in repeating certain couplets or 
verses, at certain periods in a song. 5. A musical com- 
position of two or more parts. 6. Among the Greeks, a 

_ clmrus consisted of a number of singers and dancers. 

ClIdSE, 77. [Fr. c/ioA’c ,* Sp. cosa.] In Z a tc, property in ac- 
tion ; a right to possession. 

CHdSE,pret. andpp. oi choose. 

CHo'SEN, (cho'zn) pp. 1. Selected from a number ; picked 
out ; taken in preference ; elected ; predestinated ; des 
ignated to office. 2. a. Select ; distinguished by prefer 
ence ; eminent. 

CHOUGH, (chuff) 77. [Fr. choucas.] The Cornish chough is 
a fowl of the genus corvus. 

CHOULE. See Jowl. 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BI.JLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


CHU 


CHR 


144 


CHOUSE, r. L To cheat, trick, defraud, f/t is vul^ar.'l 

Swift, 

CHOUSE, n. One who is easily cheated j a tool j a simple- 
ton. A trick ; sham ; imposition. 

CHOUSED, pp. Cheated ; defrauded ; imposed on. 

CHOUS'ING, ppr. Cheating ; imposing on. 

CHOW^DER, 71, In A'lcio Engla.id^ a dish of fish boiled with 
biscuit, &c. 

CHOW'DER, V, t. To make a chowder. 

CIIOVV'TER, V, i. To grumble like a frog or a froward 
child. Phillips 

CHRISM, n. [Gr. ^pi(Tpa.] Unguent ; unction 5 consecrat- 
ed oil used in sacred ceremonies. 

CHRIS'MAL, a. Pertaining to chrism. Brevint, 

CHRIS-Ma'TION, n. The act of applying the chrism, or 
consecrated oil. 

€HRIS'MA-TO-RY, n. A vessel to hold the oil for chrism. 

GIIRIS'OM, 71. [See Chrism.] A cliild tliat dies within a 
montli after its birth j so called from the chrisom-cloth. 
Also, the cloth itself. 

CHRIST, 71. [Gr. ypiarof.] The Anointed; an appella- 
tion given to the Savior of the world, and synonymous 
with the Hebrew Messiah. 

CHRiST-CROSS-RoVV, (kris-kros-ro) 71. An old term for 
the alphabet, probably from the cross usually set before 
it. Whitlock. 

CHRIS^TEN, (kris'sn) tj. t. [Sax. Crist7iian.] 1. To baptize, 
or rathe: to baptize and name ; to initiate into the visible 
church of Christ by the application of water. 2. To 
name ; to denominate. 

CHRIS'TEN-DOM, (kris'sn-dum) 71. [Sax. Cristcndom.] 1. 
The territories, countries or regions inhabited by Chris- 
tians, or those who profess to believe in the Christian re- 
ligion. 2. The whole body of Christians. 3. Christian- 
ity ; the Christian religion 5 [unMsuaZ.] 

CHRIS'TENED, (kris'snd) pp. Baptized and named ; ini- 
tiated into Christianity. 

CHRIS'TEN-ING, Baptizing and naming. 

CHRIjS'TEN-ING, 71. The act or ceremony of baptizing and 
naming j initiation into the Christian religion. 

CHRfST'IAN, (krist'yan) 7 J. [Gr. ^pianavog Christia- 
n7is.] 1. A believer in the religion of Christ. 2. A pro- 
fessor of liis belief in the religion of Christ. 3. A real 
disciple of Christ ; a believer in Christ who is character- 
ized by real piety. — 4. In a general sense, the word Chi-is- 
tians includes all who are born in a Christian country, or 
of Christian parents. 

CHRIST'IAN, a. Pertaining to Christ, taught by him, or 
received from him. 2. Professing the religion of Christ. 
3. Belonging to the religion of Christ •, relating to Christ, 
or to his doctrines, precepts and example. 4. Pertaining 
to the church *, ecclesiastical. 

t CIIRIST'IAN, v.t. To baptize. Fulke. 

CHRISTTAN-ISM, n. [Gr. ^piaTiavierixog.] 1. The Chris- 
tian religion. 2. The nations professing Christianity. 

CriRlST'lAN-ITE, rt. Vesuvian mineral. 

CHRIST-IANH-TV, 71 . The religion of Christians ; or the 
system of doctrines and precepts taught by Christ, and re- 
corded by the evangelists and apostles. 

€HRIWT-IAi\-I-ZA'TIOx>J, 71. The act of Christianizing ; a 
icord sometimes 7ised i7i America. 

€HRISTTAx>J-IZE, v.t. To make Christian ; to convert to 
Christianity. 

€HR1ST'IAN-LTKE, a. Becoming a Christian. 

CHRIST'! AN-LY, adv. In a Christian manner j in a man- 
ner becoming the principles of the Christian religion, or 
the profession of that religion. 

CHRTST'IAN-NAME, 71 . The name given in baptism, as 
distinct from the gentilitious or surname. 

CHRlbT'IAN-NESri, 71. The profession of Christianity. 
Hannnond. 

tCHRIST'IAN-OG'RA-PIIY, 71. A description of Christian 
nations. 

CHRIST'MAS, 71 . [Christ and 7nass ; Sax. mcessa ; D. kers- 
mis.] 1. The festival of the Cliristiari church, observed 
.annually on the 25th day of December, in memory of the 
Inrth of Christ. 2. Christmas-day. 

fc'H R I^T'M Arf-BOX, 71 . 1. A box in which little presents are 
deposited at Christmas. 2. A present made at Christmas. 

(CHRIST MAS-DAY, rt.. The 25th day of December. 

<r‘i I Ai-'-FLOW-ER, 71. Hellebore. 

CnRlS'P'MAS-ROSE, n. A plant of the genus hellebortts. 

CHRTST’S-THOilN, ti. The rham7ius paliurius. 

CIIRO-AS'TA-CES, 71. [Gr. ;^pou.] In natural histov7j, a 
genus of pellucid gems. 

CHRO'MATE, 7 ». A salt or compound formed by the chro- 
mic acid with a base. 

eilRO-MAT'IC, a. [Gr. vpw/iartifo?.] 1. Relating to col- 
or. 2. Noting a particular species of music, which pro- 
ceeds by several semitones in succession. 

CHRO-MAT'IC, 71. A kind of music that proceeds by sev- 
eral consecutive semitones. 

CIIRO-MAT'I-CAL-LY, ado. In the chromatic manner. 


€HRO-MAT'I€S, 71. The science of colors. 

CHROME, 71. [Gr. ^ptapa.] A metal consisting of a porous 
mass of agglutinated grains. 

CHRo'MIC, a. Pertaining to chrome.— C/iroTntc yellow, the 
artificial chromate of lead, a beautiful pigment. 

CHRON'IC, i a. [Fr. chronique.] Continuing a long 

CHRON'I-€AL, | time, as a disease. A chronic disease 
is one which is inveterate or of long continuance, in dis- 
tinction from an acute disease, which speedily termi- 
nates. 

€HRON'I-€LE, 71 . 1. A historical account of facts or events 
disposed in the order of time. — 2. In a more general sc7ise, 
a history. 3. That which contains history. — 4. Chroni- 
cles, plu. Two books of the Old Testament. 

€HRON'i-€LE, v. t. To record in history, or chronicle *, to 
record •, to register. 

CHRON'I-CLER, ?i. A writer of a chronicle ; a recorder 
of events in the order of time j a historian. 

€HRON'IQ,UE, (kron'ik) n. A chronicle. Addison 

CHRON'O-GRAM, 71 . [Gr. An in- 

scription in which a certain date or epoch is expressed by 
numeral letters ; as in the motto of a medal struck by 
Gustavus Adolplius, in lb32. 

ChrlstVs DVX j ergo trIVMphVs. 

€HR0N-0-GRAM-MAT'I€, ) a. Belonging to a chron- 

€HRON-0-GRA.M-MAT'I-CAL, ) ogram, or containing 
one. 

€HR0N-0-GRAM'MA-TIST, 71. A writer of chronograms. 

CHRO-NOG'RA-PflER, n. [Gr. ypac^o).] One 

who writes concerning time or the events of time j a 
clironologer. 

CHRO-NOG'RA-PHY, n. The description of time past. 
[Little Tised.] 

€HR0-N0L'0-GER, or €HR0-N0L'0-GlST, ti. 1. A per- 
son who attempts to discover the true dates of past events 
and transactions, and to arrange them under their proiier 
years. 2. One who studies chronology, or is versed iu 
the science. 

€HRON-0-L06'1€, ) a. Relating to chronology ; con- 

€HR0N-0-L0G'I-€AL, \ taining an account of events iu 
the order of time *, according to the order of time. 

€HR0N-0-L0G'l-€AL-LY, ado. In a chronological man- 
ner ; in a manner according with the order of time, the 
series of events, or rules of chronology. 

€HRO-NOL'0-GY, 71. [Gr. ;^;povoXoyia.] The science of 
time •, the method of measuring, or computing time by 
regular divisions or periods, according to the revolutions 
of the sun or moon, of ascertaining the true periods or 
years when past events or transactions took place, and 
arranging them in their proper order according to their 
dates. A. Holmes. 

€HRO-NOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. and uerpov.] Any in- 

strument that measures time, or that divides time into 
equal portions, or that is used for that purpose, as a clock, 
w'atch or dial ; particularly an instrument that measures 
time with great exactness. Chro7ioscope is now rarely 
used. 

€HRA^S'A-LID. Chrysalis. 

CHRYS'A-LIS, 71. [L. chrysalis ; Gr. p^^pviraXXi?.] The par- 
ticular form which butterflies, moths, and some other in- 
sects assume, before they arrive at their winged or perfect 
state. 

€HRYS'0-BER-YL, n. [Gr.xpvcog and ftyjpvWtov.] A sili- 
ceous gem, of a dilute yellowish-green color. 

€HRYfe'b-€OIj-LA, 71 . [Gr. ;i^pv(roicoXXa.] Carbonate of 
copper, of two subspecies. 

CHRYS'O-LITE, 71. [Gr. and Xi0of.] A mineral. 

CHRYS'O-PRASE, 71 . [Gr. XF->^oKpaaog.] A mineral, asub- 
species of quartz. 

CHUB, 71. A river fish, called also cheven, of tlie genus cy- 
prinus. 

CHUB'BY^’ I ^ ’’ thick. 

CHUB’ FACED, a. Having a plump, round face. 

CHUCK, V. i. To make the noise of a hen or partridge, 
when she calls her chickens. 

CHUCK, V. t. To call, as a hen her chickens. 

CHUCK, 77.1. To jeer ; to laugli. See Chuckle. 

CHUCK, V. t. [Fr. choquer.] I. To strike, or give a gentle 
blow. 2. To throw, with quick motion, a short distance •, 
to pitch ; [vulgar. ] 

CHUCK, 71. 1. The voice or call of a hen. 2. A sudden 
small noise. 3. A word of endeannent, corrupted from 
chirk, chicken. 

CHUCX’-FAR-THING, 71 . A play in which a farthing is 
pitched into a hole. 

CHUC'KIjE, V. t. 1. To call, as a hen her chickens. 2. 
To fondle 5 to cocker. 

CHUC'KLE, V. i. [Ch. ^in, chuk.] To laugh heartily, or 
convulsively ; to shake with laughter, or to burst into fits 
of laughter. 

CHUC'KLE-IIEAD, n. A vulgar word in America, denot- 


♦ See Synopsis. A, E, I, 5, t, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT j— PREY j-HN, MARINE, BIRD }— | Obsolete. 


CHU 


145 


CID 


ing a person with a large head, a dunce. Bailey says, a 
rutiiing, noisy, empty lellow. 

fCHUD, v.t. 'i’o champ ; to bite. Stafford. 

CHU'ET, n. Forced meat. Bacon. 

CHUFF, n. A clown; a coarse, heavy, dull or surly fel- 
low. 

CIlUFFH-LY, adv. In a rough, surly manner; clown- 
islily. 

CM UFF'I-NESS, n. Surliness. 

CllUFF'Y, a. lilunt ; clownish; surly; angry; stomach- 
ful. In J\Tc!o England, this word expresses that displeas- 
ure which causes a swelling or surly look and grumbling, 
rather than heat and violent expressions of anger. 

CM UK, n. A wv)rd used in calling swine. 

CHUM, n. [Arm. chonini.] A chamber-fellow ; one who 
lodges or resides in the same room ; a icord used in col- 
leges. 

CHUM, v.i. [from the noun.] To occupy a chamber with 
ajiotlier ; used in American colleges. 

CHUMP, n. A short, thick, heavy piece of wood, less than 
a block. .Johnson. 

CHUNK, n. A short, thick block, or bit of wood ; a collo- 
quial tcord in America. 

CHUKCH, n. [iSax. circc, circ, or eyrie; Scots, kirk.] 1. 
A house consecrated to the worship of God, among Chris- 
tians ; the Lord’s house. 2. The collective body of Chris- 
tians, or of those who profess to believe in Christ. In 
this sense, the church is sometimes called the catholic or 
7utioersal church. 3. A particular number of Christians, 
united under one form of ecclesiastical government, in 
one creed, and using the same ritual and ceremonies. 4. 
'I’he followers of Christ in a particular city or province. 
5. 'J'he disciples of CJirist assembled for worship in a par- 
ticular place, as in a private house. 6. The worshipers 
of Jehovah, or the true God, before the advent of Christ. 
7. The body of clergy, or ecclesiastics, in distinction from 
the laity. Hence, ecclesitistical authority. 8. An assem- 
bly of sacred rulers, convened in Christ’s name, to exe- 
cute his laws. 9. The collective body of Christians, wh ‘ 
have made a public profession of the Christian religion, 
and who are united under the same pastor, in distinc- 
tion from those who belong to the same parish, or ec- 
clesiastical society, but have made no profession of their 
faith. 

CHURCH, v.t. To perform with anyone the office of re- 
turning thanks in the church, after any signal deliver- 
ance, as from the dangers of childbirth. 

CHUilCH'-ALE, 71. A wake or feast coinmemoratory of the 
dedication of the chu”ch. 

CHURCH'-AT-TTRE', n. The habit in which men officiate 
in divine service. 

CHURCH'- A U-THORT-TY, n. Ecclesiastical power ; spir- 
itual jurisdiction. 

CHURCH'-BENCH, n. The seat in the porch of a church. 

CHURCH'-BU-RI-AL, n. Burial according to the rites of the 
church. 

CHURCH'-DIS'CT-PLINE, n. Discipline of the church, in- 
tended to correct the offenses of its members. 

CHURCH'DOM, n. The government or authority of the 
church. 

CHURCH'-FOUND-ER, n. He that builds or endows a 
church. Hooker. 

CHURCH'-HIST'O-RY, n. History of the Christian church ; 
ecclesiastical history. 

CHURCH' ING, 71. The act of offering thanks in church af- 
ter childbirth. 

CHURCH'-LAND, n. Land belonging to a church. 

CMURCH'LIKE, a. Becoming the church. 

CHURCH'iMAN, n. 1. An ecclesiastic or clergyman ; one 
who ministers in sacred things. 2. An Episcopalian, as 
distinguished from a Presbyterian or Congregationalist, &c. 

CHURCH'-MEM'BER, n. A member in communion with a 
church ; a professor of religion. 

CHURCfP-MU'SlC, V. 1. The service of singing or chant- 
ing in a church. 2. Music suited to church service. 

CHURCH-PRE-FER'MENT, t?. Benefice in the church. 

CHURCH'SHIP, 77. Institution of the church. 

CHURLlI'-WAR'DEN, n. A keeper or guardian of the 
church, and a representative of the parish. 

CHURCH'-VVAY, n. Tlie way, street or road that leads to 
the church. 

CHURCH'-W6RK, n. Work carried on slowly. 

CHURCH'-YARD, n. The ground adjoining to a church, in 
which the dead are buried ; a cemetery. 

CHURL, V. [Sax. ceorl.] 1. A rude, surly, ill-bred man. 
2. A riistic ; a countryman, or laborer. 3. A miser ; a 
niggard. 

CHURL'ISH, a. 1. Rude ; surly ; austere ; sullen ; rough 
in temper; unfeeling; uncivil. 2. Selfish ; narrow-mind- 
ed ; avaricious. 3. IJnpliant ; unyielding ; cross-grained ; 
harsh ; unmanageable. 4. Hard ; firm. 5. Obstinate. 

CHURL'ISH-LY, ado. Rudely ; roughly ; in a churlish 
manner. 

CHURL'ISII-NESS, ti. Rudeness of manners or temper ; 


sullenness ; austerity ; indisposition to kindness or cour- 
tesy. 

CHURL'Y, a. Rude ; boisterous. 

fCHURME, or CHIRM, n. [bax. cyrm.] Noise ; clamor, or 
confused noise. Bacon. 

CHURN, n. [Sax. ciern.] A vessel in which cream or milk 
is agitated for separating the oily part from the caseous 
and sert)us parts, to make butter. 

CHURN, V. t. J. lo stir or agitate cream fur making butter 
2. J'o shake or agitate witli violence or contumod motion, 
as in the operation of making butter. 

CH URNED, /7/7. Agitated; made into butter. ‘ 

CHURN'iNG, ppr. Agitating to make butter; shaking' 
stirring. " ^ 

CHURN'iNG, 77. 1. The operation of making butter from 
cream by agitation ; a shaking or stiiTiiig.. 2. As niucli 
butter as is made at one opeiation. 

CHURN'-STac’F, 77. The stall’ or instrument used in churn- 
ing. 

CHURR'WoRM, 77. [Sax. cyrran.] An insect that turns 
about nimbly', called also a fancncket. 

CHUSE. Choose. 

CHu SiTE, 77. A yellowish mineral. 

CHY-La'CEOUS, a. Belonging to chyle ; consisting of 
chyle. 

CHYIjE, 77. [Gr. In ariimal bodies, n white or milky 

fiuid, separated from aliments by means of digestu-n. 

CH i'L-l-FAC'TlON, 77. [cA?//e, and \ 2 .fuci 0 .] 'ii;e act or 
process by which chyle is formed from food in animal 
bodies. 

CHYL-I-FAC'TIVE, a. Forming or changing into chyle ; 
having the power to make chvle. 

tCHYL-f-FI-CA''J’0-RY, 77 . Making chyle. 

CHY-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. chylas and fero.] Bearing or 
transmitting chyle. 

CHY-LO-PO-ET'l€, a. [Gr. ')(y\og and noieo).] Chylifac- 
tive ; having the power to change into chyle ; making 
chyle. 

CHY'LOUS, a. Consisting of chyle, or partaking of it. 

CHYIME,77. [Gr. That particular modification which 

food assumes after it has undergone the action of the 
stomach. 

CHYMTC, CHYM'IST, CHYMTS-TRY. See Chemical, 
Chemist, Chemistry. 

€HYM-1-F1-€a'TION, n. The process of becoming or being 
formed into chyle. 

CHYMT-Fy, V. [L. cJiymus and facio.] To form or become 
chyme. 

CI-Ba'RI-OUS, a. [L. cibarius.] Pertaining to food ; use- 
ful for food ; edible. 

CIB'OL, 77. [Fr. ciboule ; L. cepula.] A sort of small onion. 

CI-Ca'DA, 77. [L.] The frog-hopper, or flea-locust. 

CIC'A-TRIC-LE, 77. [L. cicatricula .] The germinating or 
fetal point in the embryo of a seed or the yelk of an egg. 

CIC'A-TRI-SIVE, a. Tending to promote the formation of 
tV cientvix 

CIC'A-TRIX, or CIC'A-TRTCE, ??. [L. cicatrix; Fr. cica- 
trice.] A scar; a little seam or elevation of flesh remain- 
ing after a wound or ulcer is healed. 

CIC'A-TRI-ZANT, n. A medicine or application that pro- 
motes the formation of a cicatrix. 

CI€-A-TRI-Za'TION, 77. The process of healing or forming 
a cicatrix ; or the state of being healed, cicatrized, or 
skinned over. 

CIC'A-TRIZE, V. t. To heal, or induce the formation of a 
cicatrix in wounded or ulcerated flesh ; or to ajipiy medi- 
cines for that purpose. 

CIC'A-TRTZE, V. i. To heal or be healed ; to skin over ; as, 
wounded flesh cicatrizes. 

CIC'A-TRTZED, pp. Healed, as wounded flesh ; having a 
cicatrix formed. 

CI€'A-TRTZ-ING, ppr. Healing; skinning over; forming 
a cicatrix. 

CIC'E-LY, 77. A plant, a species of cha^rophyUum . 

CIC-E-RO'NE, 71. [from Cicero.] A guide ; one who ex- 
plains curiosities. Addison. 

CTC-E-Ro'Nl-AN, a. Resembling Cicero. 

CIC-E-Ro'NI-AN-TSM, 77. Imitation or resemblance of the 
style or action of Cicero. 

CI-€HO-Ra'CEOUS, a. [from L. cichorium.] Having the 
qualities of succory. 

CTCH'PeASE, (chik'peez) 7?. A plant. 

CIC-IS-Bk'ISM, 77. The practice of dangling about females. 

CIC-TS-Bk'O, 77. [Tt.J A dangler about females. Smollett. 

CICTT-RATE, V. t. [L. cicuro.] To tame ; to reclaim from 
wildness. {Little used.] 

CI€-U-Ra TlON, 77. The act of taming wild animals. [ 2 /.w.] 

CI-Cu'TA, 77. [L. cicuta.] Water-hemlock, a plant whose 
root is poisonous. 

CID, 77. [Sp.] A chief ; a commander. 

CI'DER, 77. [Fr. cidre, or sidre.] The juice of apples expressed, 
a liquor used for drink. The word was formerly used to 
signify also other strong liquors. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, ^OOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH , TH as in this, f Obsolete 


% 


CIR 146 CIR 


CFDER-IST, n. A maker of cider. Mortimer. 

Ci'DER-KIN, n. The liquor made of the gross matter of 
apples, after the cider is pressed out. 

CIeL'ING. See Ceiling. 

CIeRGE, n. [Fr.] A candle carried in processions. 

CI-GAR/, n. [Sp. cigarro.] A small roll of tobacco, so formed 
as to be tubular, used for smoking. 

CIL'IA-RY, a. [L. ciliuvi.'\ Belonging to the eyelids. 

CILTA-TED, a. In botany, furnished or surrounded with 
parallel filaments, or bristles, resembling the hairs of the 
eye-lids. 

CI-LI'dOUS, a. Made or consisting of hair. 

Cl'MA. See Cvma. 

CIMAR. See Chimere, and SiMAR. 

CIM'BAL, n. [It. ciambella.] A kind of cake. 

CIM'BRIC, a. Pertaining to the Cimbri. 

CIM'BRIC, 71. The language of the Cimbri. 

t CI-MELT-ARCH, n. The chief keeper of the things of 
value belonging to a church. Diet. 

CIM'ISS, 71 . [L. cimez.] The bug. 

CIMT-TER, 71. [Fr. cimiterre ; Sp. and Port, cimitarra ; It. 
scimitarra.] A short sword with a convex edge or recur- 
vated point, used by the Persians and Turks. 

CIM-Me'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Cimmerium. 

CIM'O-LITE, 71. [Gr. xipoXta.] A species of clay, used by 
the ancients as a remedy for erysipelas and other in- 
flammations. 

CIN-CHo'NA, 71. The Peruvian bark, quinquina. 

CINCT'URE, 71. [L. cinctura.'\ 1. A belt, a girdle, or some- 
thing worn round the body. 2. That which encompasses, 
or incloses. — 3. In architecture, a ring or list at the top 
and bottom of a column, separating the shaft at one end 
from the base ; at the other, from the capital. 

CIX'DER, 71. chiefly used in the plu., cinders. [Fr. cevdre.] 
1. Small coals or particles of fire mixed with ashes •, em- 
bers. 2. Small particles of matter, remaining after com- 
bustion, in which fire is extinct. 

CINM3ER-WENCH, 1 ti. A woman whose business is to 

CIN'DER-WOM'AN, | rake into heaps of ashes for cinders. 

CTN-ER-a'TION, 71. The reducing of any thing to ashes by 
conibustion. 

CIN-E RE-OUS, a. [L. cinereus.] Like ashes ; having the 
color of the ashes of Wood. 

CIN-E-RI'^TIOUS, a. [L. cincricius.] Having the color or 
consistence of ashes. 

CI.V-ER'U-LENT, a. Full of ashes. 

CIN'GLE, 71 . [L. cingulum.] A girth ; but the word is little 
used. See Surcingle. 

C’IN'NA-BAR, 71. [Gr. Kivva^api ; L. cinnaharis.] Red sul- 
phiiret of mercury. 

CliV'NA-BA-RINE, a. Pertaining to cinnabar; consisting 
of cinnabar, or containing it. 

CIN'NA-MON, 71. [Gr. Kivvayov, or Kivvayaiyov ; L. cinna- 
momum.] The bark of two species of laurus. The true 
cinnamon is the inner bark of the laurus cinnamomum, a 
native of Ceylon, and is a most grateful aromatic. 

CINQ,UE, (sink) n. [Fr., Jive.] A five ; a word used in 
games. 

ClNQ,UE'-FOIL, 71. [Fr. cinque and feuille.] Five-leaved 
clover, a species of potentilla. 

C1NQ.UE'-PACE, 71. [Fr. cinque and pa.?.] A kind of grave 
dance. 

CIXQ,ITE'-PoRTS, 71. [Fr. cinque, and ports.] Five havens 
on the ea.stern shore of England, towards France, viz. 
Hastings, Romney, Ilythe, Dover and Sandwich. To 
these ports, Winchelsea, R3'^e and Seaford have been ad- 
ded. 

CINClLTE'-SPOT-TED, a. Having five spots. Shak. 

CT'ON, 71. [Fr. cion, or sciim.] 1. A young shoot, twig or 
sprout of a tree, or plant, or rather the cutting of a twig, 
intended for ingrafting on another stock ; ;ilso, the shoot 
or slip inserted in a stock for propagation. 

CT'PIlI'iR, 71. [Fr. chiffre.] 1. In arithmetic, an Arabian or 
<^)riental character, of this form, 0, wliicli, standing by it- 
self, expresses nothing, but increases or diminishes the 
lvalue of other figures, according to its position. 2. A 
ciiaracter in general. 3. An intertexture of letters, as 
I be initials of a name ; a device ; an enigmatical character, 
'j. A secret or disguised manner of writing ; certain char- 
acters arbitrarily invented and agreed on by two or more 
p(;rsons, to stand for letters or words, and understood only 
liy the persons who invent, or agree to use them. 

CPIMlFiR, v.i. In popular language, Xo use figures, or to 
[iractice arithmetic. 

(!T PHI'R, V. t. 1. To write in occult characters. 2. To des- 
ignate ; to characterize. 

CTM’HER-ING, ppr. 1. Using figures, or practicing arithme- 
tic. 2. Writing in occult characters. 

Ib'P'O-LIN, 71. [qu. It. cipolla.] A green marble. 

(’iRG. See Circus. 

CiR-(’E'AN, a. Pertaining to Circe. 

Ct R-CEN'SIAN, a. [L. circenses.] Pertaining to the circus, 
ill Rome. 


CiR'CI-NAL, a. [L. circinus.] Rolled in spirally down- 
wards, the tip occupying the centre ; a term in foliation 
or leafing, as in ferns. 

CiR'CI-NATE, V. t. [L. ciremo.] To make a circle ; to 
compass. 

f CtR-CI-NA'TION, 71. An orbicular motion. 

CiR'CLE, 71. [Fr. cercle / It. circolo ; L. circulus.] 1. In 
geometry, a plane figure comprehended by a single curve 
line, called its circumference, every part of which is equal- 
ly distant from a point called the centre. — 2. In popular 
use, the line that comprehends the figure, the plane or 
surface comprehended, and the whole body or solid mat- 
ter of a round substance, are denominated a circle ; a 
ring ; an orb ; the earth. 3. Compass ; circuit ; a terri- 
torial division. 4. An assembly surrounding the principal 
person. 5. A series ending where it begins, and perpetu- 
ally' repeated ; a going round. 6. Circumlocution ; indi- 
rect form of words. — 7. In logic, an inconclusive form of 
argument, when the same terms are proved in orhem by 
the same tenns, and ilie parts of the syllogism alternately 
by each other, directly and indirectly. 

CiR'CLE, v.t. 1. To move round ; to revolve round. 2. To 
encircle ; to encompass ; to surround ; to inclose. — 3. To 
circle in, to confine ; to keep together. 

CiR'CLE, V. i. To move circularly. 

CiR'CLED, pp. Surrounded ; encompassed ; inclosed. 

CiR'CLED, a. Having the form of a circle ; round. 

CiR'CLER, 71. A mean poet, or circular poet. 

CiR'CLET, 71. A little circle ; a circle ; an orb. 

CiR'CLING, ppr. Surrounding ; going round ; inclosing. 

CiR'CLING, a. Circular ; round. Milton. 

fCiR'CLY, a. In the form of a circle. Huloet. 

CiR'CO-CeLE, 71. [Gr. Kpiaoos, or Kpiaog, and k: 77X;7. j A va- 
rix, or dilatation of the spermatic vein ; a varicocele , 
hernia varicosa. 

CiR'CUIT, (sur'kit) n. [Fr. circuit.] 1. The act of moving 
or passing round. 2. The space inclosed in a circle, or 
within certain limits. 3. Any space or extent measurca 
by traveling round. 4. That which encircles ; a ring ; a 
diadem. 5. The journey of judges for the purpose of 
holding courts. 6. The counties or states in whicli Uie 
same judge or judges hold courts and administer justice. 
7. A long deduction of reason. — 8. In law, a longer course 
of proceedings than is necessary to recover the thing sued 
for. 

CiR'CUIT, V. i. To move in a circle ; to go round, rhilips. 

CiR'CUIT, V. t. To move or go round. Warton. 

CiR-CUIT-EER', n. One tbal travels a circuit. Pope. 

CiR-CU-I"TiON, 71. [h. circuitio.] Tiie act ol’ going round ; 
compass ; circumlocution. [Little used.] llooker. 

CiR-Cu'I-TOUS, (sur ku'e-tus) a. Going round in a cir- 
cuit ; not direct. 

CiR-CU'I-TOUS-LY, (sur-ku'e-tus ly) ado. In a cir- 
cuit. 

CiR-CU'I-TY, 71. A going round ; a course not direct. 

t CiR'€U-LA-BLE, a. That may be circulated. 

CiR'CU-LAR, a. [L. circularis.] 1. In the form of a circle ; 
round ; circumscribed by a circle ; spherical. 2. Succes- 
sive in order; alway'S returning. 3. Vulgar; mean; 
cirenmforaneous. Dennis. 4. Ending in itself; used of a 
paralogism, where the second proposition at once pri/ves 
the first, and is proved by it. 5. Addressed to a circle, or 
to a number of persons having a common interest. — fi. CVi - 
cular lines, such straight lines as are divided from the 
divisions made in the arch of a circle. — 7. Circular v a in- 
kers are those whose powers terminate in the roots them- 
selves ; as 5 and 6, whose squares are 25 and 3<5. — 8. Cir- 
cular sailing is the method of sailing by the arch of a 
great circle. 

Cill'€U-LAR, 71. A circular letter, or paper. 

CiR-€U-LAR'I-TY, n. A circular form. 

CiR'€U-LAR-LY, adv. In a circular manner ; in the form 
of a circle ; in the form of going and returning. 

|CtR'€U-LAR-LY, a. Ending in itself. Hooker 

CiR'GU-LATE, u. 7. [Yx. circuler •, l,.circulo.] I. To move 
in a circle ; to move or pass round ; to move round, and 
return to the same point. 2. To pass from place to place, 
from person to person, or from hand to hand ; to be dif- 
fused. 3. To move round ; to run ; to flow in veins or 
channels, or in an inclosed place. 

CiR'€U-LaTE, V. t. To cause to pass from place to place, 
or from person to person ; to put about ; to spread. 

CiR-GU liA'TlON, 71. 1. I'he act of moving round, or in a 
circle, or in a course which brings, or tends to bring, the 
moving body to the point where its motion began. 2. A 
series in which the same order is preserved, and things re- 
turn to the same state. 3. The act of going and returning, 
or of passing from jilace to place, or from person to persijn. 
4. Currency ; circulating coin, or notes or bills current for 
coin. — 5. In chemistry, circulation is an operation by 
which the same vapor, raised by fire, falls back to be re- 
turned and distilled several times. 

CiR-€U-LA-To'RI-OUS, a. Traveling in a circuit, or from 
house to house. [Little used.] 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, 0, U, V, FAR, FALT., WIIAT ;— PRF.Y ;— I*T^, MARINE, BIRD ;— | Obsolete. 


CIR 


147 


CIR 


CiR'€U-LA-TO-RY, a, 1. Circular. 2. Circulating. 
CiR'CU-LA-TO-RY, n. A chemical vessel. 

CiR-CUM-AM BI-EN-CY, n. [L. circum and ambio.] The 
act of surrounding, or encompassing. 
CiR-CLTM-AM'BI-ENT, a. Surrounding ; encompassing ; 
inclosing, or being on all sides ; used particularly of the 
air about the earth. 

CiR-CUM-AM'BU-LATE, V. i. [L. circumambulo.] To walk 
round about. [Little used.] 

CiR-CUM-AM-BU-LA'TION, n. The act of walking round. 
[Little used.] 

Cill-CUM-CELL^ION, n. In church history^ a set of illite- 
rate peasants that adhered to the Donatists in the fourth 
century. 

CiK'CUM-ClSE, V, t. [L. circumcido.] To cut off the pre- 
puce or foreskin *, a ceremony or rite in the Jewish and 
Mohammedan religions. 

CiR^CUM-CiS-ER, 7 t. One who performs circumcision. 
CiR-CUM-CIS'ION, 71. The act of cutting off the prepuce or 
foreskin. 

t ClR-CUM-CUR-SA'TION, n. [L. circum and curso.] The 
act of running about. 

CiR-CUM-DUCT', V. t. [L. circumduco.] To contravene ; 

to nullify ; a term of civil law. [Little used.] 
CiR-CUM-DUC'TlON, n. 1. A leading about. [Little used.] 
2. An annuling ; cancelation. [Little used.] 
f CiR'CUM-FER, V. t. [L. circumfero.] To bear or carry 
round. Bacon. 

Ciil-CUM'FE-RENCE, n. [L. circumferentia.] 1. The line 
that bounds a circle ; the exterior line of a circular body ; 
the whole exterior surface of a round body ; a periphery. 
2. The space included in a circle. 3. An orb j a circle ; 
any thing circular or orbicular. 
tCiR-€UM'FE-RENCE, v. t. To include in a circular 
space. Brown. 

CiR-€UM-FE-REN'TIAL, a. Pertaining to the circum- 
ference. Parkhurst. 

CiR-CLTM-FE-REN'TOR, n. An instrument used by sur- 
veyors for taking angles. 

CiR'CLJM-FLEX, n. [L. circumfiexus.] In grammar, an 
accent serving to note or distinguish a syllable of an in- 
termediate sound between acute and grave j marked in 
Greek thus 

CiR'eUM-FLEX, V. t. To mark or pronounce with the ac- 
cent called a circumflex. 

CiR-CUM'FLU-ENCE, n. [L. circitmfluens.] A flowing 
round on all sides ; an inclosure of waters. 
CiR-€UM'FLU-ENT, a. Flowing round j surrounding as a 
fluid. Pope. 

CiR-€UM'FLU-OUS, a. [L. circu7njluus.] Flowing round ; 

encompassing as a fluid ; circumfluent. 
CiR-GUM-FO-RA'NE-AN, ) a. [L. circumforaneus.] Go- 
CiR-CUM-FO-RA'NE-OUS, j ing about *, walking or wan- 
dering from house to house. 

CiR-€UM-FuSE', V. t. □!<. circumfusus.] 1. To pour round ; 
to spread round, as a fluid. 2. To spread round j to sur- 
round. 

CiR-€UM-Fu'SILE, a. [h. circum and fusilis.] That may 
be poured or spread round. 

CiR-€UM-Fu'SION, n. The act of pouring or spreading 
round ; the state of being poured round. 
CiR-CUM-GES-TA'TION, n. [L. circum and gestatio.] A 
carrying about. Taylor. 

CiR-€UM'GY-RATE, or CiR-€UM-GYRE^ v. t. [L. cir- 
cum and gyrus.]To roll or turn round. [Little used.] 
CiR-€UM-GV'-RA'TION, n. The act of turning, rolling or 
whirling round ; the turning of a limb in its socket, 
f CiR-€UM-I''TION, 71. [lu. circumeo.] The act of going 
round. Diet. 

CiR-€UM-JA'CENT, a. [L. circum jacens.] Lying round ; 
bordering on every side. 

CiR-€UM-Ll-GA'TlON, n. [L. circumligo.] The act of 
binding round ; the bond with which any thing is en- 
compassed. 

CiR-€UM-LO-€C'TION, 71. [L,. circumlocutio.] A circuit or 
compass of words-, a periphrase ; the use of a number of 
words to express an idea instead of a single term. 
CiR-€UM-LO€'CT-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to circumlocution ; 
consisting or contained in a compass of words ; periphras- 
tic. 

CiR-GUM-MuR'ED, a. [L. circum and Walled 

round ; encompassed with a wall. 

Ci R-€UM-NAV'I-GA-BLE, a. That may be sailed round. 
Ray. 

CiR-GUM-NAV'I-GATE, 7 J. t. ['L. circumnavigo.] To sail 
round ; to pass round by water. 
CiR-€UM-NAV-l-GA'TION, n. The act of sailing round. 
CiR-€UM-NAV'I-GA-TOR, n. One who sails round. 
C'iR-GUM-PLI-CA'TION, n. [\j.' circumpUco.] A folding, 
winding or wrapping round ; or a state of being inwrap- 
ped. [Little used.] 

CiR-€fJM-P5'LAR, a. About the pole. 

CiR eUM-PO-Sl"TION, n. The act of placing in a circle ; 
or the state of being so placed. 


CiR-€UM-RA'SION, n. [L. circumrasio.] The act of shav- 
ing or paring round. [Little used.] 

CiR-€UM-RO'TA-RY, a. Turning, rolling or whirling 
round. Shenstone. 

CiR-GUM-RO-TA'TION, 71. [L.. circum and rotatio.] The 
act of rolling or revolving round, as a wheel 5 circumvo- 
lution ; the s^ate of being whirled round. 

CiR-€UM-SGRlBE^, v. t. [L. circumscribo.] 1. To inclose 
within a certain limit ; to limit, bound, confine. 2. To 
write round [little wsed.] 

CiR-€UM-S€RlB'ED, (sur-kum-skribd') pp. Drawn round, 
as a line ; limited ; confined. 

CiR-€UM-S€RlB'lNG, ppr. Drawing a line round ; in 
closing ; limiting ; confining. 

CiR-€UM-S€RIP'TI-BLE, a. That may be circumscribed 
or limited by bounds. 

CiR-GUM-tsGRIP'TION, n. 1. The line that limits ; limi 
tation ; bound ; confinement. — 2. In natural philosophy , 
the termination or limits of a body. 3. A circular inscrip 
tion. 

CiR-€UM-S€RIP'TIVE, a. Defining the external form 
marking or inclosing the limits or superficies of a body. 

CiR-€UM-S€RIFTIVE-LY, adv. In a limited manner. 
Montagu. 

CiR'GUM-SPEGT, a. [L. circumspectus.] Cautious ; pru- 
dent ; watchful on all sides. 

t CiR'CUM-SPE€T, v. t. I’o examine carefully. 

CiR-€UM-SPEG'TION, 71. [L. circumspectio.] Caution; at- 
tention to all the facts and circumstances of a case. 

CiR-CUM-SPEC'TIVE, a. Looking round every way ; 
cautious : careful of consequences ; watchful of danger. 

CiR-€UM-SPE€'TIVE-LY, adv. Cautiously ; vigilantly ; 
heedfully ; with watchfulness to guard against danger. 

CiR'€UM-SPECT-LY, adv. Cautiously j with watchfulness 
every way ; with attention to guard against surprise or 
danger. 

CiR'CUM-SPE€T-NESS, n. Caution ; circumspection ; vig- 
ilance in guarding against evil from every quarter. 

CiR'CUM-STANCE, n. [L. circujnstantia.] 1. Something 
attending, appendant, or relative to a fact, or case ; a 
particular thing, which, though not essential to an action, 
in some way affects it. 2. The adjuncts of a fact, which 
make it more or less criminal, or make an accusation 
more or less probable ; accident ; something adventitious ; 
incident ; event. 3. Circumstances, in the plural, condi- 
tion, in regard to wmrdly estate ; state of property. 

t CiR^CUM-STANCE, v. t. To place in a particular situa- 
tion. Donne. 

CiR'CUM-STANCED, pp. or a. Placed in a particular man- 
ner, with regard to attending facts or incidents ; as, cir- 
cumstanced as we were, we could not escape. 

t CiR'€UM-STANT, a. Surrounding. 

t CtR-€UM-STAN'TIA-BLE, a. Capable of being circum- 
stantiated. Bp. Taylor. 

CiR-CUM-STAN'TIAL, a. 1. Attending ; relating to ; but 
not essential. 2. Consisting in or pertaining to circum- 
stances, or to particular incidents. 3. Incidental ; casual. 
4. Abounding with circumstances, or exhibiting all the 
circumstances ; minute ; particular. — 5. In laic, circxim- 
stantial evidence is that which is obtained from circum- 
stances, which necessarily or usually attend facts of a 
particular nature, from which arises presumption. 

CiR-CUM-STAN'TIAL, n. Circumstantials are things in- 
cident to the main subject. 

CiR-€UM-STAN-TIAL'I-TY n. 1. The appendage of cir- 
cumstances ; the state of anything as modified by cir- 
cumstances. 2. Particularity in exhibiting circumstances ; 
minuteness. 

CiR-CUM-STAN'TIAL-LY, adv. 1. According to circum- 
stances ; not essentially ; accidentally. 2. Minutely; ex- 
actly ; in every circumstance or particular. 

CiR-€UM-STAN'TIATE, v. t. 1. To place in particular 
circumstances. 2. To place in a particular condition with 
regard to power or wealth. Swift. [This word is little 

%iSC(l% 1 

CiR-CijM-TER-RA'NE-OUS, a. [L. circum and terra.] 
Around the earth. 

CiR-€UM-VAL'LATE, v. t. To surround with a rampart. 
[Little 

CiR-GUM-VAL-LA'TION, n. [L. circumvallo.] 1. In the 
art of war, a surrounding with a wall or rampart ; also a 
wall, rampart, or parapet with a trench, surrounding the 
camp of a besieging army. 2. The rampart, or fortifica- 
tion surrounding a besieged place. 

f CiR-€UM-VE€'TION, n. [L. circum and veho.] A carry- 
ing about. 

CiR-€UM-VENT', v. t. [L. circumvenio.] To gain advan- 
tage over another, or to accomplish a purpose, by arts, 
stratagem, or deception ; to deceive ; to prevail over an- 
other by wiles or fraud ; to delude ; to impose on. 

CiR-€UM-VENT'ED, pp. Deceived by craft or stratagem ; 
deluded. 

CiR-€UM-VENT'TNG, ppr. Deceiving; imposing on. 

Cill-€UM-VEN'TION, n. 1. The act of prevailing over 


* See Sijnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIILL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SII ; TII as in this, f Obsolete. 


CIT 


148 


CIV 


another by arts, address, or fraud ; deception ; fraud ; im- 
posture; delusion. 2. Prevention; p/eoccupation ; [obs.] 
S/tak. 

CiR-CUM-VENT'IVE, a. Deceiving by artifices ; deluding. 

CiR-EUM-VEST', v. t. [L. circumvestio.] To cover round, 
as ^vith a garment. Wotton. 

CiR-EUM-VO-LA'TION, n. [L. circumvolo.^ The act of 
flying round. [Little iwed.] 

CiR-€UM-V()-Lu'TION, n. 1. The act of rolling round; 
the state of being rolled ; also, the thing rolled round an- 
other. — 2. In architecture^ the torus of the spiral line of 
the ionic order. 

CiR-CUM-V'OLVE', (sur-kum-volv') v.t. ['L.circumvolvo.'] 
To roll round ; to cause to revolve ; to put into a circular 
motion. 

CiR-ClJM-VOLVE', V. i. To roll round ; to revolve. 

CiR-€lJi\I-VOLV'ED, (sur-kum-volvd ) pp. Rolled round; 
moved in a circular manner. 

CiR-EUM-VOEV''tNG, ppr. Rolling round ; revolving. 

CiRE (Jl?, plu. Circuses. [L.] 1. In antiquity^ around or 
oval edifice, used for the exhibition of games and shows 
to the people. 2. The open area, or space inclosed, in 
wliich were exhibited games and shows. — 3. in modern 
times, a circular inclosure for the exhibition of feats of 
horsemanship. 

CiRL, n. An Italian bird about the size of a sparrow. 

ClR-illF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cirrus and fero.] Producing ten- 
drils or claspers, as a plant. 

CIR'ROUS, a. [L. cirrus.] Terminating in a cirrus, curl or 
tendril. 

CIS-ALP'INE, a. [L. cis and Jllpes.] On this side of the 
Alps, with regard to Rome ; that is, on the south of the 
Alps ; opposed to transalpine. 

CIS PA-DANE, a. [L. cis and Padus.] On this side of the 
Po, with regard to Rome ; that is, on the south side. 

CIS-SOID', 71. [Gr. Kiacog and a(5oj.] A curve of the second 
order, invented by Diodes. - 

t CIS'SOR. See Cizar and Scissor. 

CIST, 71. A case. See Cyst, the proper orthography. 

CIST ED, a. Inclosed in a cyst. See Cysted. 

CIS-TER'CIAN, 71. [Cidteaux.] A monk, a reformed Bene- 
dictine. 

CIS'TERN, 71. [L. cisterna.] 1. An artificial reservoir or 
receptacle for holding water, beer or other liquor, as in 
domestic uses, distilleries and breweries. 2. A natural 
reservoir; a hollow place containing water; as a fountain 
or lake. 

CIST'IC. See Cystic. 

CIST'US, 71. [Gr. /aarog.] The rock-rose. Encyc. 

CiT, n. [contracted from citizen.] A citizen, m a loip sense ; 
an inhabitant of a city ; a pert townsman ; a pragmatical 
trader. Pope. 

CIT'A-DEL, 71. [Fr. citadellc ; It. cittadella.] A fortress or 
castle, in or near a city, intended for its defense ; a place 
of arms. 

CITAL, 77. I. Reproof; impeachment; [little used.] Shale. 
2. Summons; citation; quotation; [little used.] 

CI-TA'TiON, 77. [L. citatio.] 1. A summons ; an official 
call or notice, giv'en to a person, to appear in a court. 

2. Quotation ; the act of citing a passage from a book. 

3. Enumeration ; mention. 

CITA-TO-RY, a. Citing; calling; having the power or 
form of citation. 

CITE, V. t. [L. cito.] 1. To call upon officially, or authori- 
tatively ; to summon ; to give legal or official notice, as to 
a defendant to appear in court. 2. To enjoin ; to direct ; 
to summon ; to order or urge. 3. To quote ; to name or 
repeat, as a passage or the words of another, either from a 
book or from verbal communication. 4. To call or name, 
in support, proof or confirmation. 

CIT'ER, 71. 1. One who cites or summons into court. 2. 
One who quotes a passage or the words of another. 

CIT 'ESS, n. A city woman. [Little used.] 

CITH-A-RIS'TIC, a. [L. citharo.] Pertaining to or adapted 
to the harp. 

CITIFERN, n. [L. cithara.] A stringed musical instrument, 
among the ancients. 

CIT'I-CISM, 77. The manners of a cit or citizen. 

CIT'IED, a. Belonging to a city. Drayton. 

CIT'I-SIN, 77. A substance of a yellow color, obtained from 
the seeds of the cytisus lahumum . 

CITT-ZEN, (sit e-zn) v. [Fr. ritoyen.] 1. A native of a 
city, or an inhabitant who enjoys the freedom and privi- 
leges of the city in which he resides. 2. A townsman ; a 
man of trade ; not a gentleman. 3. An inhabitant ; a 
dweller in any city, town or place. — 4. In a ffeneral sense, 
a native or permanent resident in a city or country. — 
.5. In the U. States, a person, native or naturalized, who 
has the privilege of exercising the elective franchise, and 
of purchasing and holding real estate. 

CIT'I-ZEN, a. Having the qualities of a citizen. 

CITR-ZEN-TZE, r. t. To make a citizen ; to admit to the 
rights and privileges of a citizen. Pickering. 


CITT-ZEN-SniP, n. The state of being vested with the 
rights and privileges of a citizen. 

CIT RATE, 77. [L. C7tr77s.] In ehemistry, a neutral salt, 
formed by a union of the citric acid with a base. The 
onion yiel Is citrate of lime. Ore. 

CITRUC, a. Belonging to lemons or limes ; as citric acid. 

CIT'RIL, 77, A beautiful song bird of Italy. 

ClT-Rl-]S^\'TION, 77. The turning to a yellow-green color. 

CIT'RliXE, a. [L. C7tn77 77;>’.] Like a citron or lemon ; of a 
lemon color ; yellow, or greenish-yellow. 

CITRilNE, 77. A species of very fine sprig crystal. 

CIT'RON, 77. [Fr. citro?!.] The fruit of the citron-tree, a 
large species of lemon. 

Cll'diOA-TREE, 77. The tree which produces the citron, 
of the genus citrus. 

CIT'RO^-VVA'TER, n. A liquor distilled with the rind of 
citrons. 

tCTl'RUL, 77. The pompion or pumpkin. 

CiT'Y, 77. [Fr. cite ; It. nftw.] 1. in a general sense, a 
large town. — 2. In a more upprrpriate sf7ise, a corporate 
town ; a town or collective body of inhabitants, incorpo- 
rated and governed by particular olficers, as a mayor and 
aldermen. — in Great Lritain, a town corporate, that has a 
bishop and a cathedral church. 3. 'I'he collective body 
of citizens, or the inhabitants of a city. 

Crj 'V, a. Pertaining to a city. Shak. 

ClT'Y-CdUKT, 77. The municipal court of a city, consist- 
ing of the mayor or recorder and aldermen. U. States. 

GIVES, 77. [Fr. cive.] A species of leek, of the genus al- 

H U 777 . 

CIV'ET, 77. [Fr. ewette.] A substance, of the consistence 
of butter or honey, taken from a bag under the tail of the 
civet-cat. It is used as a iierfume. 

CIV'ET-€A7’', 77. The animal that produces civet, a spe- 
cies of vie err a. 

CIVRC, a. [L. civicus.] Literally, pertaining to a city or 
citizen ; relating to civil ali'airs or lionors. 

t CIV'IC-AL, a. Belonging to civil honors. 

CIV'IL, a. [L. civilis.] 1. Relating to the community, or 
to the policy and government of the citizens and subjects 
of a state. 2. Relating to any man as a member of a 
community. 3. Reduced to order, laile and government ; 
under a regular administration ; implying some refinement 
of manners ; not savage or wild. 4. Civilized ; courteous ; 
complaisant ; gentle and obliging ; well-bred ; afi’able ; 
kind ; having tlie manners of a city. 5. Grave ; sober ; 
not gay or showy. G. Complaisant ; polite ; a popular 
colloquial use of the word . — 7. Civil death, in law, is that 
which cuts oflT a man from civil society. — -8. Civil law, in 
a general sense, the law of a state, city or country ; but 
in an appropriate sewsr, the Roman law. — 9. Civil list, the 
olficers of civil government, wlm are paid from the public 
treasury. — 10. Civil state, the whole body of the laity or 
citizens, not included under the military, maritime and 
ecclesiastical states. — 11. Civil war, a war between people 
of the same state or city. — 12. Civil year, the legal year, 
or annual account of time which a government appoints 
to be used in its own dominions. — 13. Civil architecture, 
the architecture which is employed in constructing build- 
ings for the purposes of civil life. 

CI-VIL'IAN, 77. 1. One who is skilled in the Roman law ; 
a professor or doctor of civil law. 2. In a more extended 
sense, one who is versed in law and government. 3. A 
student of the civil law at the university. 

tCrV'IL-lST, 77. A civilian. 

Cl-VIL'I-TY, 77. [Li. civilitas.] 1. The state of being civil- 
ized ; refinement of manners ; applied to nations. Spenser. 
2. Good breeding; politeness; complaisance; courtesy; 
decorum of beliavior in the treatment of others, accom- 
panied with kind offices. Civility respects manners or 
external deportment, and, in the plural, civilities denote 
acts of politeness. 

CIV-IL-I-Za'TION, 77. 1. The act of civilizing, or the state 
of being civilized. 2. The act of rendering a criminal 
process civil ; [not used.] 

CIVHL-IZE, v.t. [It. cirilizzare : Fr. ciriliser.] To reclaim 
from a savage state ; to introduce civility of manners 
among* a people, and instruct them in the arts of regular 
life. 

CIV'lL-IZED, pp. Reclaimed from savage life and man- 
ners ; Jnstructed in arts, learning and civil manners. 

CIV'IL-lZ-ER, 77. I. One who civilizes ; he that reclaims 
others from a wild and savage life, and teaches them the 
rules and customs of civility. 2. Tliat which reclaims 
from savageness. 

CIV'lL-TZ-!iVG, ppr. Reclaiming from savage life ; instruct- 
ing in arts and civility of manners. 

CIViL-LY, adv. I. In a manner relating to government, or 
to the rights or character of a member of the community. 
2. In a manner relating to private rights. 3. Not natu- 
rally, hut in law. 4. Politely; cornplaisantly ; gently 
wRh due decorum ; courteously. 5. Without gaudy col- 
ors, or finery ; [i7fe.] 

CIVRSM, 77. [L. cieis.] Love of country ; patriotism. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, Zoa^r.—FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsdete. 


CLA 


149 


CLA 


t CIZ'AR, V. t. To clip with scissors. Beaumont, 

C’lZ'AR. Sec Scissors. 

CIZE. for Size, is not in use. 

€LAii'BER, or BON'NY-€LAB'BER, ?i. Milk turned, be- 
come thick or inspissated. 

CliACK, V. i. [Fr. claquer.] 1. To make a sudden, sharp 
noise, as by striking or cracking ; to clink ; to click. 2. 
To utter words rapidly and continually, or with sharp, 
abrupt sounds ; to let the tongue run. 

€IiACK, a. [VV. c^ec.] 1. A sharp, abrupt sound, continu- 
ally repeated, such as is made by striking an object, or by 
bursting or cracking ; continual talk. 2. The instrument 
that strikes the hopper of a grist-mill, to move or shake it, 
for discharging the corn. And, according to Johnson^ a 
bell that rings when more corn is required to be put in. 

€LA€K'-DiSli, n. A beggar’s dish, with a movable cover, 
which they clack. Skak. 

€LA€K'ER, n. One that clacks ; that which clacks. 

CLAOK'ING, ppr. Making a sharp, abrupt sound, continu- 
ally repeated j talking continually j tattling ] rattling with 
the tongue. 

CLAGK'LvG, n. A prating. 

GLAD, pp. [See Geothe.] Clothed 5 invested ; covered as 
with a garment. 

CLAIM, V. t. [L. clamo.'] 1. To call for ; to ask or seek to 
obtain, by virtue of authority, right or supposed right; to 
challenge as a right ; to demand as due. 2. To assert, or 
maintain as a right. 3. To have a right or title to. 4. To 
proclaim ; [oAs.] 5. To call or name ; [06s.] 

CLAIM, n. A demand of a right or supposed right ; a calling 
on another for something due, or supposed to be due. 
2. A right to claim or demand ; a title to any debt, privi- 
lege or other thing in possession of another. 3. The thing 
claimed or demanded. 4. A loud call ; [oZ/s.] Spenser. 

GLaIM'A-BLE, a. That may be demanded as due. 

CLAIM' ANT, /;. 1. A person who claims; one who de- 
mands any thing as l>is right. 2. A person who has a 
right tn claim or demand. 

CLAIMED, Demanded as due ; challenged as a right; 
asserted ; maintained. 

CLAIM'ER, n. A claimant ; one who demands as due. 

CLAIMING, ppr. Demanding as due; challenging as a 
right ; asserting ; maintaining ; having a right to de- 
mand. 

CLAlR'-OB-SGuRE'. See Glare-obscure. 

CLAM, n. A bivalvular shell-fisli. 

CLAM -SHELL, n. The shell of a clam. 

CLAM, V. t. [Sax. chemian.'] To clog with glutinous or vis 
cons matter. 

CLAM, V. i. To be moist. [Little used. 

CLAGMAN7', a. Crying ; beseeching. 

CLAM'BER, «. i. To climb with difficulty, or with hands 
and feet. 

CLAM'BER-ING, ppr. Climbing with effort and labor. 

CLAMGMI-NESS, n. The .state of being viscous ; viscosity ; 
stickiness ; tenacity of a soft substance. 

CLAM'MY, a. Thick, viscous, adhesive; soft and sticky; 
glutinous ; tenacious. 

CLAM'OB, ?/. [L. clamor.] 1. A great outcry; noise; ex- 
clamation ; continued vociferation. Skak. 2. Figurative- 
ly, loud and continued noise. 

CLAM'OR, V. t. I'o stun ^ith noise. Bacon. — To clamor 
bells, is to multiply the strokes. 

CLAM'OR, V. i. 'J’o utter loud sounds, or outcries ; to talk 
loud ; to utter loud voices repeatedly ; to vociferate ; to 
utter loud voices ; to complain ; to make importunate de- 
mands. 

CliAM OR-ER, 71. One who clamors. 

CLAM'OR-ING, ppr. Uttering and repeating loud words; 
making a great and continued noise, particularly in com- 
plaint or importunate demands. 

CLAIM OR-OIJS a. Speaking and repeating loud words; 
noisy ; vociferous ; loud ; turbulent. 

CLA.VI'OR-OUS-IjA", adv. With loud noise or words. 

Gli AM'OR-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being loud 
or noisy. 

G^LAMF, 71. [D. klamp.] 1. In general, something that 
fistens or binds ; a piece of timber or of iron, used to fas- 
ten work together ; ora particular manner of uniting work 
))V letting boards into each other. — 2. In ship-building, a 
thick plank on the inner part of a ship’s side, used to sus- 
tain the ends of the beams. 3. A smooth, crooked plate of 
iron, forelocked on the trunnions of a cannon, to keep it fast 
to tlie carriage. 4. A pile of bricks laid up for burning. 

CLA?dP, V. t. 1. To fasten with clamps. 2. In joiner?/, to 
fit a piece of board with the grain to the end of another 
piece of board across the grain. 

CLAMP, V. i. [D. klompen.] To tread heavily. Craven di- 
alect. 

CLAMPED, pp. United or strengthened with a clamp. 

CLAMPING, 2W' Fastening or strengthening with a 
clamp. 

CLAN, 71. [Ir. clann, or eland ; Erse, clan, or klaan.] 1. A 
race ; a family ; a tribe ; an association of persons under 


a chieftain. 2. In contempt, a sect, society, or oody of 
persons closely united. Swift. 

CLAN'GU-LAR, a. [L. clancularius.] Clandestine; se- 
cret ; private ; concealed. [Little tised.] 
CLAN'GU-LAR-LY,ady. Privately ; secretly. [Little used.] 
CLAN-DES'TiNE, a. [L. clandentinus.] Secret; private; 

hidden ; withdrawn from public view. 
CLAN-DES'TINE-LY, adv. Secretly; privately; in se- 
cret. 


CLAN-DES'TINE-NESS, n. Secrecy ; a state of conceal- 
ment. 

t CLAN-DES-TIN'I-TY, n. Privacy or secrecy. 

CLANG, V. t. [L. clango.] To make a sharp, shrill sound, 
as by striking metallic substances ; or to strike with a 
sharp sound. 

CLANG, 71. [L. cla7igor.] A sharp, shrill sound, made by 
striking together metallic substances, or sonorous bodies, 
or any like sound. 

CLxANG'OR, 71. [L.J A sharp, shrill, harsh souna. [See 
Clang.] Dr7jde7i. 

CLANG'OR-OUS, a. Sharp or harsh in sound. 

CLANG'OUS, a. Making a clang, or a shrill or harsh 
sound. 

CLAN ISH, a. Closely united, like a clan ; disposed to ad- 
here closely, as the members of a clan. 

GLAN'ISH-NESS, 71. Close adherence or disposition to 
unite, as a clan. 

CLANK,??. The loud, shrill, sharp sound, made by a col- 
lision of metallic or other sonorous bodies. 

CLANK, V. t. To make a sharp, shrill sound ; to strike with 
a sharp sound. 


CLAN 'SHIP, n. A state of union, as in a family or clan ; an 
association under a chieftain. 

CLAP, V. t. pret. and pp. clapped or clapt. [D. klappe 7 i, 
kloppen.] 1. To strike with a quick motion, so as to 
make a noise by the collision ; to strike with sometihng 
broad, or having a flat surface. 2. To thrust ; to drive to- 
gether ; to shut hastily. 3. To thrust or drive together ; 
to put one thing to another by a hasty or sudden motion. 
4. To thrust ; to put, place, or send. 5. To applaud ; to 
manifest approbation or praise by striking the hands to- 
gether. 6. To infect with venereal poison. — To clap up. 

1. To make or complete hastily. 2. To imprison hastily, 
or with little delay. 

CLAP, y. 7. 1. To move or drive together suddenly with 
noise. 2. To enter on with alacrity and briskness; to 
drive or thrust on. 3. To strike the hands together in ap- 
plause. 

CLAP, 71. 1. A driving together ; a thrust and collision of 
bodies with noise, usually bodies with broad surfaces. 

2. A sudden act or motion ; a thrust. 3. A burst of 
sound ; a sudden explosion. 4. An act of applause ; a 
striking of hands to express approbation. 5. [Fr. clapoir.] 
A venereal infection. Pope. — 6. With /aZeoner*-, the neth- 
er part of the beak of a hawk. 

CLAP'-BoARD, n. A thin, narrow board for covering 
houses. — In England, according to BaileTj, a clapboard is 
also what in America is called a stare for casks. 

CLAP'-DISH, n. A wooden bowl or dish. 

CLAP'-DOC-TOR, ?i. One who is skilled in healing the 
clap. 

CLAP'-NET, n. A net for taking larks. 

CLAPPED, pp. Thrust or put on or together ; applauded by 
striking the hands together; infected with the venereal 
disease. 

CLAP'PER, n. LA person who claps, or applauds by clap- 
ping. 2. That which strikes, as the tongue of a bell, or 
the piece of wood that strikes a mill-hopper. 

|CL.4P'PER, ??. [Old Fr. clapier.] A place for rabbits to 
burrow in. Chaucer. 

CIjAP'PER-CLAW, V. t. To scold ; to abuse with the 
tongue ; to revile. Shak. 

CLAP'PING, ppr. Driving or putting on, in, over, or under, 
by a sudden motion ; striking the hands together. 

CLARE, ??. A nun of the order of St. Clare. 

CLAR'EN-CEUX, ) S Oreat Britain, 

CLAR'EN-CIEUX, i the second king at 
arms, so called from the duke of Clarence. 

CLARE-OB-SGuRE', n. [L. clarus and oZ?scMrws.] Light 
and shade in painting. 

CLAR'ET, ??. [Fr. clairet.] A species of French wine, of a 
clear pale red color. 

CLAR'I-GHORD, n. [L. clarus and chorda.] A musical in- 
strument in form of a spinet, called also manickord. 

CLAR-I-FI-GA'TION, 71. The act of clearing ; particularly 
the clearing or fining of liquid substances. 

CLx4.R'I-FIED, pp. Purified ; made clear or fine ; defecat- 
ed. 

CLAR'l-Fl-ER, n. L That which clarifies or purifies. 2. 
A vesseljn which liquor is clarified. 

CLAR'I-FY, r. L [Fr. clarifier.] 1. To make clear; to 
purify from feculent matter ; to defecate ; to fine. 2. To 
make clear ; to brighten or illuminate ; [rarely i/s?*?/.] 

CLyVR'I-FY, v. i. 1. To clear up; to grow clear or bright. 


* See Sijnopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6 VE BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH j TH as in t/ti« v | Obsolete. 


CLE 


CLA 150 


2. To grow or become clear or fine j to become pure, as 
liquors. 

CLAR'I-F5-1NG, ppr. Making clear, pure, or bright j def- 
ecating ; growing clear. 

€LAR'I-NET, n. [Fr. clarinette.'\ A wind instrument of 
music. 

*€LAR'ION, n. [Fr. claironJ] A kind of trumpet, whose 
tube is narrower, and its tone more acute and shrill, than 
that of the common trumpet. 

€LAR/I-TUDE, n. Clearness ; splendor. [Little used.'\ 

€L AR'I-TY, n. [Fr. clarU ; L. claritas.] Clearness j bright- 
ness ; splendor. [Little used.] 

CLART, V. t. To daubj to smear j to spread. J^orth of 
England. 

CLART' Y, a. Wet j slippery; dirty; miry. Orose. 

t CLAR'Y, V. i. To make a loud or shrill noise. 

GLa'RY, n. A plant of the genus salvia, or sage. 

CLa'RY-WA'TER, n. A compt^ition of brandy, sugar, 
clary-flowere, and cinnamon, with a little ambergris dis- 
solved in it. 

CLASH, V. i. [D. kletsen.] 1. To strike against; to drive 
against with force. 2. To meet in opposition ; to be con- 
trary ; to act in a contrary direction ; to interfere. 

CLASH, V. t. To strike one thing against another with 
sound. 

CLASH, n. 1. A meeting of bodies with violence ; a 
striking together with noise ; collision, or noisy collision 
of bodies. 2. Opposition ; contradiction, as between dif- 
fering or contending interests, views, purposes, «fcc. 

CLASHHNG, p/w. Striking against with noise; meeting in 
opposition ; opposing ; interfering. 

CLASHING, 71 . A striking against; collision of bodies ; 
opposition. 

CLASP, 71 . [It. clasba.] 1. A hook for fastening ; a catch. 
2. A close embrace ; a throwing of the arms round. 

CLASP, V. t. 1. To shut or fasten together with a clasp. 
Pope. 2. To catch and hold by twining ; to surround and 
cling to. 3. To inclose and hold in the hand ; or simply 
to inclose or encompass with the fingers. 4. To embrace 
closely ; to throw the arms round ; to catch with the 
arms. 5. To inclose, and press. 

CLASPED, pp. Fastened with a clasp ; shut ; embraced ; 
inclosed ; encompassed ; caught. 

CLASP'ER, 71. He or that which clasps ; usually the tendril 
of a vine or other plant, which twines round something 
for support. 

CLASP'ERED, a. Furnished with tendrils. 

CLASP'ING, ppr. 1. Twining round; catching and hold- 
ing ; embracing ; inclosing ; shutting or fastening with a 
clasp. 2. In botany, surrounding the stem at the base, 
as a leaf. 

CLASP'-KNIFE, n. A knife which folds into the handle. 

CLASS, rt. [L. classis.] 1. An order or rank of persons ; a 
number of persons in society, supposed to have some re- 
semblance or equality, in rank, education, property, tal- 
ents, and the like. 2. A number of students in a college 
or school, of the same standing, or pursuing the same 
studies. 3. Scientific division or arrangement; a set of 
beings or things, having something in common, or ranged 
under a common denomination. 

CIjASS, V. t. 1. To arrange in a class or classes ; to arrange 
in sets or ranks, according to some method founded on 
natural distinctions. 2. 7’o place in ranks or divisions 
students that are pursuing the same studies ; to form into 
a class or classes. 

CLAS'SIC, or CLAS'SI-CAL, a, [L. classicus.] 1. Relat- 
ing to ancient Greek and Roman authors, of the first rank 
or estimation. 2. Pertaining to writers of the first rank 
among the moderns ; being of the first order. 3. Denot- 
ing an order of Presbyterian assemblies. 

CLi&'riiC, n. 1. An author of the first rank; a writer 
whose style is pure, correct, and refined ; primarily, a 
Creek or Roman author of this character. 2. A book 
written by an author of the first class. 

CLAS'SI-CAL-LY, flrfo. 1. In the manner of classes; ac- 
cording to a regular order of classes or sets. 2. In a 
classical manner; according to the manner of classical 
autliors. 

CLAS-t^lF'IC, a. Constituting a class or classes; noting 
classification, or the order of distribution into sets. Jticd. 
Repos. 

Cli A>'^-SI-FI-Ca'TIOX, n. The act of forming into a class 
or classes ; distribution into sets, sorts or ranks. 

CLAS'SI-FIED, pp. Arranged in classes; formed into a 
class or classes. 

CLAR'31-FY, V. t. [L. dassM.] To make a class or classes ; 
to distribute into classes ; to arrange in sets according to 
some common properties or characters. 

CLAS Si-FY-ING, ppr. Forming a class or classes ; arrang- 
ing in sorts or ranks. 

CLAS'SIS, 71. 1. Class ; order ; sort. 2. A convention or 
assembly. 

CLAT'TER, V. i. [D. klateren.] 1. To make rattling 
sounds ; to make repeated sharp sounds, as by striking 


sonorous bodies. 2. To utter continual or repeated sharp 
sounds, or rattling sounds, by being struck together. 
3. To talk fast and idly; to run on; to rattle with the 
tongue. 

CLAT'TER, V. t. 1. To strike and make a rattling noise. 

2. To dispute, jar, or clamor. 

CLAT'TER, 71. 1. A rapid succession of abrupt, sharp 
sounds, made by the collision of metallic or other sono- 
rous bodies ; rattling sounds. 2. Tumultuous and con- 
fused noise ; a repetition of abrupt, sharp sounds. 

CLAT'TER-ER, n. One who clatters ; a babbler. 

CLAT'TER-ING, ppr. Making or uttering sharp, abrupt 
sounds, as by a collision of sonorous bodies ; talking fast 
with noise ; rattling. 

CLAT'TER-ING, n. A rattling noise. 

CLAU'DENT, a. [L, claudens.] Shutting ; confining ; 
drawing together. [Little used.] 

CLAU'DI-CANT, a. Halting ; limping. [Little twed.] 

CLAU'DI-CATE, 7). 7. LL.claudico.] To halt or limp. [Lit- 
tle used, or not at all.] 

CLAU-DI-CA'TION, 71. A halting or limping. [Little used.] 

CLAUSE, 7«. [Yr. clause ^ L. claxisura.] 1. A member of 
a period or sentence ; a subdivision of a sentence. 2. An 
article in a contract or other writing ; a distinct part of a 
contract, will, agreement, charter, commission, or other 
writing. 

CLAUS'TRAL, a. [L. claustrum.] Relating to a cloister, or 
religious house. 

CLAUS'URE, 71. 1. The act of shutting up or confining ; 
confinement ; [little used.] 2. In anatomy, an imperfo- 
rated canal. 

CLAV'A-TED, a. [L. clava.] 1. Club-shaped ; having the 
form of a club; growing gradually thicker towards the 
top, as certain parts of a plant. 2. Set with knobs. 

CLAVE, pret. of cleave. 

CLAV'EI^LA-TED, a. Clavellated ashes, potash and 
pearlash. Coze. 

fCLA'VER, 71. [Sax. cZ«/cr.] Clover. Sandys. 

CLAV'IA-RY, 71. [L. clavis.] A scale of lines and spaces 
in music. 

CLAV'I-CHORD, n. [L. clavis and chorda.] A musical in- 
strument of an oblong figure, of the nature of a spinet. 

CLAV'I-CLE, n. [L. clavicula.] The collar-bone. 

CLAVH-GER, n. [L. clavis ana gcro.] One who keeps the 
keys of any place. 

CLAW, 71. [Sax. claw.] 1. The sharp hooked nail of a 
beast, bird or other animal. 2. The whole foot of .an ani- 
mal, armed with hooked nails. 3. The hand, in contempt. 

CLAW, V. t. [Sax. clawen.] 1. To pull, tear or scratch 
with the nails. 2. To scratch or tear in general ; to tickle. 

3. To flatter; [o&s.] — To claw offer away. 1. To scold 
or rail at. — 2. In seainanship, to turn to windward and 
beat, to prevent falling on a lee shore. — 3. In vulgar Ian- 

uage, to scratch away ; to get off or escape. 

AW'BACK, n. One who flatters; a sycophant; awhee- 
dier. Jewel. 

fCLAW'BACK, a. Flattering. Bp. Hall. 

CLAWED, pp. 1. Scratched, pulled or torn with claws. 

2. rt. Furnished with claws. Grew. 

CLAW'ING, ppr. Pulling, tearing or scratching with claws 
or nails. 

CLAW'LESS, rt. Destitute of claws. Journ. of Science. 

CLAY, n. [Sax. clwg.] 1. The name of certain substances 
which are mixtures of silex and alumin, sometimes with 
lime, magnesia, alkali and metallic oxyds ; a species of 
earths. — ^2. In poetry and in Scripture, earth in general. — 

3. In Scripture, clay is used to express frailty, liableness to 
decay and destruction. 

CLAY, v.t. 1. To cover or manure with clay. 2. To pu- 
rify and whiten with clay, as sugar. 

CLAY'-CoLD, rt. Cold as clay or earth ; lifeless. Rotre. 

CLAYED, pp. 1. Covered' or manured with clay. 2. Pu- 
rified and whitened with clay. 

CLAYES, 71. plu. [Fr. claie.] In fortification, wattles or 
hurdles made with stakes interwoven with osiers, to cover 
lodgments. 

CLAY'EY, rt. Consisting of clay ; abounding with clay ; 
partaking of clay ; like clay. 

CLAY'-GROUND, n. Ground consisting of clay, or abound- 
ing with it. 

CLA Y'ISH, rt. Partaking of the nature of clay, or contain- 
ing particles of it. 

CLAY'-LAND, or CLAY'-SOIL, n. Land consisting of 
clay, or abounding with it. 

CLAY'-MARL, n. A whitish, smooth, chalky clay. 

CLAY'MORE, 71 . [See Glaymore.] A two-handed sword. 

CLAY'-PIT, 71. A pit where clay is dug. Woodward. 

CLaY'-SLATE, n. In mineralogy, argillaceous shist ; ar- 
gillite. 

CLAY'-STONE, n. A mineral, the thonstcin of Werner. 

clean, rt. [Sax. clwne.] 1. Free from dirt, or other foul 
matter. 2. Free from weeds or stones. 3. Free from 
knots or branches ; as clean timber. In America, clear is 
generally used. 4. Free from moral impurity; innocent. 



*See Synopsis. A, % I, 0, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PRgY HN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


OLE 


151 


CLE 


5. Free from ceremonial defilement. C. Free from guilty 
sanctified j lioly. 7. 'J’liat might be eaten by the He- 
brews. 8. That might be used. 9. Free from a foul dis- 
ease j cured of leprosy. 10. Dextrous j adroit ; not bun- 
ghng j free from awkwardness. 11. Free from infection. 

clean, adv. 1. Quite ; j)erfectly ; wholly j entirely 3 fully. 
2._ Without miscarriage ; dextrously. 

clean, V. t, [Sax. cl(cna 7 i.] To remov^e all foreign mat- 
ter from 3 to purify. 

CLEAN'LI-NESS, (clenfie-ness) n. 1. Freedom from dirt, 
filth, or any foul, extraneous matter. 2. Neatness of per- 
son or dress 3 purity. 

t CLEAN'LI-LY, (clen'le-ly) adv. In a cleanly manner. 

CliEAN LY, (clenly) a. 1. Free from dirt, filth, or any foul 
matter 3 neat 3 carefully avoiding filth. 2. Pure 3 free from 
mixture 5 innocent. 3. Cleansing 3 making clean. 4. 
Nice 3 artful 3 dextrous 3 adroit 3 [oZ>s.] 

GLEAN'LY, (clen'ly) adv. In a clean manner3 neatly 3 
wjthout filth. 

CLeAN'NESS, n. 1. Freedom from dirt, filth, and foreign 
matter 3 neatness. 2. Freedom from infection or a foul 
disease. 3. Exactness 3 purity 3 justness 3 correctness. 
4. Purity 3 innocence. — In Scripture, cleanness of hands 
denotes innocence. Cleanness of teeth denotes want of 
provisions. 

CLEANS' A-BLE, (clenz'a-bl) a. That may be cleansed. 

CLEANSE, (clenz) v. t. [Sax. cl(cnsian.] 1 . To purify 3 to 
make clean 3 to remove filth, or foul matter. 2. To free 
from a foul or infectious disease 3 to heal. 3. To free 
from ceremonial pollution, and consecrate to a holy use. 
4. To purify from guilt. 5. To remove. 

CLEANSED, (clenzd) Purified 3 made clean 3 purged 3 
healed. 

CLEANS'ER, n. He or that which cleanses 3 in medicine, 
a detergent. 

CLEANS'ING, (clenz'ing) pp. Purifying 3 making clean 3 
purging 3 removing foul or noxious matter from 3 freeing 
from guilt. 

CLEAN S'ING, (clenz'ing) n. The act of purifying, or purg- 
ing^ 

t CLeAN'-TIM-BERED, a. Well-proportioned. 

CJjEAR, a. [W . claer.] 1. Open 3 free from obstruction, 
2. Free from clouds, or fog 3 serene. 3. Free from for- 
eign matter 3 unmixed. 4. Free from any thing that cre- 
ates doubt or uncertainty 3 apparent 3 evident 3 manifest 3 
not obscure 3 conspicuous 3 that is, open to the mind. 5. 
Unclouded 3 luminous 3 not obscured. G. Unobstructed 3 
unobscured. 7. Perspicacious 3 sharp. 8. Not clouded 
with care, or ruffled by passion 3 cheerful 3 serene. 9. Ev- 
ident 3 undeniable 3 indisputable. 10. Quick to under- 
stand 3 prompt 3 acute. 11. Free from guilt or blame 3 in- 
nocent 3 unspotted 3 irreproachable. 12. Free from bias 3 
unprepossessed 3 not preoccupied 3 impartial. 13. Free 
from debt, or obligation 3 not liable to prosecution. 14. 
Free from deductions, or charges. 15. Not entangled 3 un- 
embarrassed 3 free. 16. Open 3 distinct 5 not jarring, or 
harsh. 17. Liberated 3 freed 3 acquitted of charges. 18. 
Free from spots or any thing that disfigures. 

clear, adv. 1. Plainly 3 not obscurely 3 manifestly. 2. 
Clean 3 quite 3 entirely 3 wholly 3 indicating entire separa- 
tion. — Clear, or in the clear, among jomcrjf and carpenters, 
denotes the space within walls, or length and breadth, 
clear, or exclusive, of the thickness of tlie wall. 

C’LkAK, ?•. t. 1. 'I'o make clear 3 to fine 5 to remove any 
thing foreign 3 to separate from any foul matter 3 to purify 3 
to clarify. 2. To free from obstructions. 3. To free from 
any thing noxious or injurious. 4. To remove any in- 
cuml)i ance, or embarrassment. 5. 3'o free 3 to liberate, 
or disengage 3 to exonerate. 6. To cleanse. 7. To re- 
move any thing that obscures. 8. To free from obscurity, 
perplexity or ambiguity. 9. To purge from the imputa- 
tion (tf guilt 3 to justify or vindicate. 10. In a lenal sense, 
tu accpiit on trial, by verdict. 11. To make gain or profit, 
beyond all expenses and charges. 12. 3’o remove wood 
fruin land 3 to cut down trees, remove or burn them, and 
prepare land for tillage or pasture. — 'J'o clear a ship at the 
castom -house, is to exhibit the documents required, give 
bmnis, and procure a permission to sail. 

CL!<:AP, r. v. 1. To become free from clouds or fog 3 to 
become fair. 2. To be disengaged from incumbrances, 
or entanglements 3 to become free or disengaged. 

f’l.KAK' A(tE, }?. 3'he renmving of any thing. [Little used.] 

U-hi<:AK'AN('E, ??. A certificate that a ship or vessel has 
Iteen cl eared at the custom-house ; permission to sail. 

CLkARE!), pp. Purified 3 freed from foreign matter, or 
from inciimbrance 5 made manifest 3 made luminous 3 
cleansed 5 liberated 3 acquitted. 

CI.f.AR'ER, n. That whicli dears, purifies, or enlightens 3 
that which brightens. 

CLf.AR'ING, ppr. Purifying 3 removing foul matter, in- 
c\inibrances, or obstructions 3 making evident, or lumin- 
ous ; cleansing 3 liberating 3 disengaging 3 acquitting 3 
making gain beyond all costs and charges. 

CLeAR'ING, V. 1. A defense 3 justification 3 vindication. 


2. A place or tract of land, cleared of wood for cultivati(»n 3 
a common use of the irurd in Jlmcrica. 3. 'I'lie act of mak- 
ir^ clear. 

CLeAR'LY, adu. 1. Plainly 3 evidently 3 fully. 2. With- 
out obstruction 3 luminously. 3. With clear discernment. 
4. Without entanglement or confusion. 5. Plainly 3 
honestly 3 candidly. 6. Without reserve, evasion or sub- 
terfuge. 

CLeAR'NESS, n 1. Freedom from foul or extraneous mat- 
ter 3 purity. 2. Freedom from obstruction or incumbrance. 

3. Freedom from fogs or clouds 3 openness. 4. Distinct- 
ness 3 perspicuity 3 luminousness. 5. Plainness, or plain 
dealing 3 sincerity 3 honesty 3 fairness 3 candor. 6. Free- 
dom from imputation of ill. 7. Freedom from spots, or 
any thing that disfigures. 

CLeAR'-8HiN-ING, a. Shining with brightness or unob- 
structed splendor. 

CLeAR-SIGHT'ED, a. Seeing with clearness 3 having 
acuteness of sight 3 discerning 3 perspicacious. 

CLeAR'-SiGHT'ED-NESS, 71 . Acute discernment. 

CLeAR'-STARCH, V. t. To stiffen and clear with starch, 
and by clapping with the hands. 

CLeAR'-STaRCH'ER, n. One who clear-starches. 

CLeAR'-STaRCH'ING, ppr. 1. Stiffening and clearing 
with starch. 2. n. The act of stiffening and clearing 
wjth starch. 

CliEAT, n. A piece of wood, used in a ship to fasten ropes 
upon. 

CLeAV'AGE, 71 . 1. The act of cleaving or splitting. 2. In 
mijneralog 7 j,\he manner of cleaving. 

CLeAVE, V. i. : pret. clave, or cleaved. [Sax. cleofa 7 i.] 1. 
To stick 3 to adhere 3 to hold to. 2. To unite aptly 3 to 
fit 3 to sit well on. 3. To unite or be united closely in 
iiRerest or affection 3 to adhere with strong attachment. 

CLeAVE, V. t. ; pret. cleft ; pp. cleft, or cleaved. The old 
pret. clove is obsolete 5 clave is obsolescent. The <»ld 
participle c.lovc 7 i is obsolescent, or rather used as an ad- 
jective. [Sax. cleofian, or clifian.] 1. To part or divide 
by force 3 to split or rive 3 to open or sever the coheiing 
parts of a body. 2. To part or open naturally. 

CLeAVE, V. i. To part 3 to open 3 to crack 3 to separate, 
a^parts of cohering bodies. 

CLeAVED, pp. Split 3 rived 3 divided. 

CLeAVE'LAND-iTE, n. A mineral, called also silicco-us 
felspar, or albite. 

CLeAV'ER, n. One who cleaves 3 that which cleaves 3 a 
butcher’s instrument for cutting animal bodies into joints 
o^pieces. 

CLeAV'ING, ppr. Sticking 3 adhering 3 uniting to. Also, 
splitting 3 dividing 3 riving. 

CLECHE, 71 . In heraldrij, a kind of cross. 

CLEDGE, 71 . Among mhiers, the upper stratum of fuller’s 
earth. 

CliEF, 71 . [Fr. cZc/.] A character in music. 

CLEFT, pp. of cleave. Divided 3 split 3 parted asunder. 

CLEFT, n. 1. A space or opening made by splitting 3 a 
crack 3 a crevice. 2. A disease in horses 3 a crack on the 
bought of the pastern. 3. A piece made by splitting. 

CLEFT'-GRAFT, V. t. To ingraft by cleaving the stock, 
and inserting a cion. 

CLEG, n. The hoi-se-fly 3 Dan. klceg. 

[ CLEM, V. i. [G. klemrnc 7 i.] To starve. B. Jonso 7 i. 

CT^EM'EN-CY, n. [h. cle 77 ientia.] 1. Mildness 3 softness. 
2. Mildness of temper 3 gentleness or lenity of disposition 3 
disposition to treat with favor and kindness. 3. Mercy 3 
disposition to treat with lenity, to forgive or to spare, as 
offenders 3 tenderness in punisliing 3 opposed to severity, 
harshness, or rigor. 

CLEM'ENl’, a. Mild in temper and disposition 3 gentle 5 
lenient 5 merciful 3 kind 3 tender3 compassionate. 

Clff.M'EN-TINE, a. Pertaining to St. Clement, or to his 
compilations 5 or to the constitutions of Clement the Fifth. 

€LEM'ENT-LY, adv. With mildness of temper 3 merciful- 
ly. Ta 7 jlcr. 

CLENCH. See Clinch. 

t CLEPE, 2?. f. or i. [Sax. clepan.] To call or name. Shak. 

CLEP-SAM'MI-A, n. [Gr. xXcTirw and appog.] An instru- 
ment for measuring time by sand, like an hour-glass. 

CLEPSY-DRA, n. [L.] 1. A time-piece used by the 

Greeks and Romans, which measured time by the dis- 
charge of a certain quantity of water. 2. A chemical vessel. 

t CLER'Gl-CAL, a. Pertaining to tlie clergy. See Cler- 
ical. 

CLER'GY, n. [Fr. elerge.] 1. The body of men set apart 
to the service of God, in the Christian church 3 the body 
of ecclesiastics, in distinction from the laity. 2. The priv- 
ilege or benefit of clergy. Blackstone. — Benefit of clergy, 
in Eiiglish law, origmally, the exemption of the persons 
of clergymen, froin criminal process, before a secular 
judge. 

CLER'GY-A-BLE, a. Entitled to or admitting the benefit of 
clergy. Blacksto 7 ie. 

CLER'GY-MAN, n. A man in holy orders 3 a man licensed 
to preach the gospel. 


» See Synojisls. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 3 — BlILL, UNITE. — € as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SII 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete 


CLl 


152 


CLI 


CLER'I€, n. A clerk or clergyman. Horsley. 

€LEll'i€, a. Relating to the character of a clergyman. 

€LER 1-tJAL, a. [L. clerictLs.] Relating or pertaining to 
iJie clergy. 

♦€LERK, n. [Sax. cleric^ clcrc^ clcre ; L. clerims.] 1. A 
clergyman, or ecclesiastic ; a man in holy orders. 2. A 
man that can read. 3. A man of letters j a scliolar. Sid- 
ney. 4. fn modern usa^e, a writer ; one who is employed 
in the use of the pen, in an ofiice, public or private, for 
keeping records and accounts. 5. A layman who is the 
reader of responses in church service. 

*€LKRK*-ALE, n. In England^ the feast of the parish 
clerk. 

* t a. Ignorant; uncivilized. Waterhouse. 

♦CLERK'LIKE, a. Like a clerk ; learned. Shak. 

*£ILERK'L\ , a. Scholarlike. Cranmcr. 

*€LEUK'LY, adc. In a learned manner. Oascoigne. 

* CLERK SHIP, 71. 1. A state of being in holy orders. 2. 
Scholarship. 3. The otiice or business of a clerk or writer. 
Swift. 

€LER'0-MAN-CY, v. [Gr. Kkripos and yavreia.] A divin- 
ation by tlirowing dice or little bones, and observing the 
points or marks turned up. 

CLEVE, CLIF, or CLIVE, in the composition of names, de- 
note a place situated on or near a clift’, on the side of a hill, 
rock or precipice ; as Clercland, Clifton. 

CLEVER, a. 1. Fit; suitable; convenient; proper; com- 
modious. Pope. 2. Dextrous ; adroit ; ready ; that per- 
forms with skill or address. Addison. 3. In Eng- 
land, good-natured, possessing an agreeable mind or dis- 
position. 

CLEV’'ER-LY, adw. Fitly ; dextrously ; handsomely. 

CLEV'ER-NESS, n. I. Dexterity ; adroitness ; skill. 2. 
In A''ew Plngland, mildness or agreeableness of disposi- 
tion ; obligingness ; good nature. 

CLEV'Y, or CLEV'IS, n. An iron bent to the form of an ox 
bow, with the two ends perforated to receive a pin, used 
on the end of a cart-neap to hold the chain of the forward 
horse or oxen ; or a draft-iron on a plow. Jfeio England. 

CLEW, n. [»?ax. clcow, cliice.] 1. A ball of thread. 2. 
'J’he tlireaa that forms a ball ; the thread that is used to 
guide a person in a labyrinth. Hence, any thing that 
guides or directs one in an intricate case. 3. The lower 
corner of a square-sail, and the aftermost corner of a stay- 
sail. 

CLEW, V. t. ]. In seamanship, to truss up to the yard, by 
means of clew-garnets or clew-lines, in order to furling. 
2. To direct. 

CLE^V-GA R'NETS, n. In marine language, a sort of 
tackle, or rope and pulley, fastened to the clews of the 
main and fore-sails, to truss them up to the yard. 

CLE W'-LTNES, n. 'I'hese are the same tackle, and used for 
the like purpose as clevv^-garnets. 

CLICK,!’. 7. [D. /.-Zi7;A:c7?.] To make a small, sharp noise, 
or rather a succession of small, sharp sounds, as by a gentle 
striking. 

CIjICK, n. In seameiCs language, a small piece of iron 
falling into a notched wheel, attached to the winches in 
cutters, &c. 

CLICK, n. The latch of a door. [Loeal.^ 

CfilCK'ER, n. The servant of a salesman, who stands at the 
door to invite customers. 

CLICK'D'!’, n. The knocker of a door. 

CfnCK'ING, ppr. Making small sharp noises. 

CLT'RNT, n. [Fr. client ; L. cliens.] 1. Among the Romans, 
a citizen who put himself under the protection of a man 
of distinction and influence, who, in respect to that rela- 
tion, was called his patron. 2. One who applies to a law- 
yer or counsellor for advice in a question of law, or 
commits his cause to his management. 3. A depend- 
ent. 

CLT'ENT-AL, a. Dependent. [Unusual.] Burke. 

CLT'EXT-ED, a. Supplied with clients. Carcic. 

fCLI-EX-TicLE', 71. The condition or ofiice of a client. 
Bp. Hall. 

CIiT'E\T-SHTP, n. The condition of a client; a state of 
being under the protection of a patron. 

CLIFF, n. [fc'ax. clif.] 1. A steep bank. 2. A high and 
steep rock ; any precipice. [This word has been some- 
times written clift.] 

CTjIFF, in nnisp. Sec Clef. 

CTilFF'Y, a. Having cliffs ; broken ; craggy. 

CLIFT ED, a. Broken. 

CLIFT'Y, a. The same as cliffy. Pennant. 

CLI-MAC''rER, n. [Gr. TcAtpa/cr/yp.] 1. A critical year in 
human life. 2. A certain space of time. [JVbt wsed.] 

* CLI-MAC'TER-IC, a. [Gr. KSipaKTy^iKoq.] Literally, 
noting a scale, progression, or gradation ; appropriately, 
denoting a critical period of human life. 

* CLI-MAC'TER-IC, n. A critical period in human life, or 
a period in which some great change is supposed to take 
place in the human constitution. 'I'he critical periods are 
supposed by some persons to be the years produced by 


multiplying 7 into the odd numbers 3,5, 7, and 9; to 
which others add the 81st year. The 63d year is cal.ed the 
grand climacteric. 

CLIM-AC-TER'I-CAL, n. The same as climacteric. 

CLIM-A-TARCH'IC, a. [Gr. K\ipa and ap)(r].] Presiding 
over climates. 

CLrMATE, 71 . [Gr. xXt/ra.] 1. In geography, a part of 
the surface of the earth, bounded by two circles parallel 
to the equator, and of such a breadth that the longest day 
in the parallel nearest the pole is half an hour longer 
than that nearest to the equator. 2. In a popular sense, a 
tract of land, region, or country, differing from another 
in the temperature of the air. 

CLi'M ATE, V. i. To dwell ; to reside in a particular region. 
Shak. [Little used.] 

CLI-MA'I^'IC, ) a. Pertaining to a climate ; limited by 

€LI-MAT'I-€AL, j a climate. S. S. Smith. 

+ €LI'MA-TURE, n. A climate. Shak. 

GLI'MAX, n. [Gr. TcXtpa^.] 1. Gradation ; ascent ; a figure 
of rhetoric, in which a sentence rises, as it were, step by 
step. 2. A sentence, or series of sentences, in which the 
successive members or sentences rise in force, importance 
or dignity, to the close of the sentence or series. 

€LIMB, (clime) ^. i. ; pret. and pp. climbed, or clomb, but 
the latter is not elegant. [Sax. climan, or cUmban.] 1. 
To creep up by little and little, or step by step ; to rise on 
any fixed object, by seizing it with the hands, and lifting 
the body, and by thrusting with the feet. 2. To mount or 
ascend with labor and difficulty. 3. To rise or ascend 
with a slow motion. 

€LIMB, (clime) v. t. 1. To ascend by means of the hands 
and feet, implying labor, difficulty and slow progress. 
2. 'Po mount or ascend, with labor or a slow motion. 

€LIMB'A-BLE, (cli'ma-bl) a. That may be climbed. 

CLIMBED, (climd) pp. Ascended by the use of the hands 
and feet ; ascended with labor. 

CLiMB'ER, (cli'-mer) n. 1. One who climbs, mounts or 
rises, by the hands and feet ; one who rises by labor or 
effort. 2. A plant that creeps and rises on some support. 

t CLiMB'ER, V. i. To climb ; to mount with effort. 

CLiMB'ING, ppr. Ascending by the use of the hands and 
feet ; ascending with difficulty. 

CLTMB'IJN’G, 71. The act of ascending. 

CLLME, n. [L. clima.] A climate; a tract or region of 
the earth ; a poetical word, but sometimes used in prose. 
See Cli mate. 

CLINCH, V. t. [D. klinken.] 1. To gripe with the hand ; to 
make fast by bending over, folding, or embracing closely. 
2. "i'e fix or fasten ; to make firm. 

CLINCH, V. i. To hold fast upon. 

CLINCH, n. ]. A word used in a double meaning ; a pun ; 
an ambiguity ; a dujilicity of meaning, with identity of 
expression. 2. A witty, ingenious reply. 3. In seumen’s 
language, the part of a cable which is fastened to the 
ring of an anchor. 

CLINCHED, pp. Made fast by doubling or embracing close- 
ly* 

CLINCH'ER, n. 1. That which clinches ; a cramp or piece 
of iron bent down to fasten any thing. 2. One who makes 
a smart reply. 3. That which makes fast. 

CLINCH'ER-BUILT, or CLINK ER-BUILT, a. Made of 
clincher work. 

CLINCH ER-W6RK, a. In ship building, the disposition of 
the planks in the side of a boat or vessel, when the lower 
edge of every plank overlays the next below it, like slates 
on the roof of a house. 

CLINCH'ING, ppr. Making fast by doubling over or em- 
bracing closely ; griping with the fist. 

CLING, v.i. ; pret. and pp. clung. [Fax. clingan.] 1. To 
adhere closely ; to stick to; to hold fast upon, especially 
by winding round or eniDracing. 2. 'I’o adhere closely ; 
to stick to. 3. To adhere closely and firmly, in interest 
or affection. 

t CLING, V. t. To dry up, or wither. Shak. 

CLING'ING, ppr. Adhering closely; sticking to; winding 
round and holding to. 

CLING'Y, a. Apt to cling ; adhesive. 

CLIN'IC, or CLIN'I-CAL, a. [Gr. A\tv7#fos.] In Oi general 
sense, pertaining to a bed. A clinical lecture is a discourse 
delivered at the bed side of the sick. 

CLIN'IC, 11 . One confined to *he bed by sickness. 

CLTN'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a clinical manner ; by the bed- 
side. 

CLINK, V. t. [Sw. klinga.] To ring or jingle ; to make a 
small, sharp sound, or a succession of such sounds. 

CLINK, n. A sharp sound, made by the collision of small 
sonorous bodies. 

CLINK, V. i. To utter a small, sharp noise. Prior. 

CLINK'ING, ppr. Making a small, sharp sound, or succes- 
sion of sounds. 

CLINK'STONE, n. [clink and stone.] A mineral. 

CLI -NOM'E-TER, 77. [Gr. tcXcvco and perpov.] An instru- 
ment for measuring the dip of mineral strata. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, 1,0, ij, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


CLO 


153 


CLO 


€L[NQ.'UANT, (cllngk^ant) a. [Fr.] Dressed in tinsel fine- 

ry. [JWi English,] Shak. 

CLIP, t. [Sax. clypan.] 1. To cnt otf with shears or 
scissors ; to separate by a sudden stroke. 2. To diminish 
coin by paring the edge. 3. To curtail •, to cut short. 4. 
To confine, limit, restrain, or hold ; to hug. [Little u^erf-.] 
Shak. — To clip ity is a vulgar phrase in J\Tew England^ for 
to run with speed. 

CLIP, i. A term in falconry. Dryden. 

CLIP, n. 1. A blow or stroke with the hand. JVeio England. 
2. An embrace 3 that is, a tlirowing tlie arms round. Sid- 
veu. 

CLIPPED, CLTPT, j)p. Cut off 3 cut short 3 curtailed 3 di- 
minished by paring. 

CLIP PER, V. One who clips 3 especially one wh3 cuts off 
the edges of coin. 

CLIP'PING, ppr. Cutting off or shortening with shears or 
scissors 3 diminishing coin by paring off the edges 3 cur- 
tailing. 

CLIP'PING, n. 1. The act of cutting off, curtailing cr di- 
minishing. 2. That which is clipped off 3 a piece separat- 
ed by clipping. 

C LISH'-CLASII, v.i. To sound like the clashing of swords. 

CLIV'ER. See Cleaver. 

CLIV'ERS, n. A plant, the galium aparine. 

CLoAK. Sec Cloke 

CLoAK'ED-LY, adv. Tn a concealed manner. 

fCLo'ClIARD, n. A belfry. JVecoer. 

CLOCK, n. [Sax. clugga ; D. klok ; G. klocke ; Dan. klokke ; 
Sw. klocka ,* Fr. cloche ; W. cldc.] 1. A machine which 
measures time, and its divisions. The phrases, what 
o^clock is itl it is nine o^clock, seem to be contracted 
from what of the clock 1 it is nine of the clock. 2. A figure 
or figured work in the ankle of a stocking. 

CLOCK, V. t. To call. See Cluck. 

CLOCK, V. i. To make a noise like the hen. 

CLO€K^-MA-KER, n. An artificer whose occupation is to 
iiinkc clocks* 

t CLOCK'-SET-TER, n. One who regulates the clock. 

CLOCK^-WoRK, n. 1. The machinery and movements of 
a clock. 2. Well adjusted work, with regular movement. 
Prior. 

CLOD, n. [D. klvit ; G. klots.] 1. A hard lump of earth, of 
any kind 3 a mass of earth cohering. 2. A lump or mass 
of metal 5 [liftle used.] 3. Turf 3 the ground. 4. That 
which is earthy, base and vile, as the body of man com- 
pared to his soul. .5. A dull, gross, stupid fellow 3 a doll. 
0. Any thing concreted. 

CLOD, V. i. To coll'^ct into concretions, or a thick mass 3 to 
coagulate. See Clot. 

CLOD, V. t. To pelt with clods. 

CLOD'DV, a. 1. Consisting of clods 3 abounding with clods. 
2. Earthy 3 mean 3 gross. 

CLOn»lIOF»-PER, 71. A clown 3 a dolt. 

CLOD'PATE, n. A stupid fellow 3 a dolt 5 a thickskull. 

CLOD'PA-TEl), a. Stupid 3 dull 3 doltish. 

CLOL'PoLL, 71. A stupid fellow 3 a dolt 3 a blockhead. 

S'lak. 

CLOFF, n. The same with dough. 

CLOG, V. t. [W. deg.] 1. To load or fill with something 
that retards or hinders motion. 2. To put on any thing 
that encumbers, with a view to hinder or restrain leap- 
ing 5 to shackle. 3. To load with any thing that ejicum- 
bers ; to burden ; to embarrass. 4. To obstruct natural 
motion, or render it difficult ; to hinder 3 to impede. 

CLCX^, r. i. 1. 3'o coalesce ; to unite and adhere in a clus- 
ter or mass. 2. To form an accretion 3 to be loaded or en- 
cumbered with extraneous matter. 

CTiOG, n. 1. Any thing put upon an animal to hinder mo- 
tion, or leaping, as a piece of wood fastened to his leg. 
2. An encumbrance ; that which hinders motion, or ren- 
ders it difficult 3 hindrance 3 impediment. 3. A wooden 
shoe ; also, a sort of patten worn by ladies to keep their 
feet dry in wet weather. 

CLOGGED, vp. Wearing a clog 3 shackled 3 obstructed 3 
loaded with encumbrance. 

CLOfl'Gl-NEFP, u. The state of being clogged. 

CLOG'GING, pnr. Putting on a clog 3 loading with encum- 
brance ; obstructing ; impeding. 

CLOG'GY, a. That clogs, or has power to clog 3 thick 3 
gross. 

CTiOIS'TER, n. [Fr. dcitre ; Fax. dausfr.] 1. A monaste- 
ry or nunnery ; a house inhabited by monks or nuns. 
The principal part of a regular monastery, in which the 
monks meet for conversation. 2. A peristyle ; a piazza. 

CLOIF'TER, V. t. 1. To confine in a cloister or monastery. 
2. To shut up 3 to confine closely within walls 3 to im- 
mune 3 to shut up in retirement from the world. 

CLOTF'TER-AL, a. Confined to a cloister 3 retired from the 
world 3 recluse. Walton. 

CLOIF'TERED, p/7. 1. f^hut up in a cloister 3 inhabiting a 
monastery. 2. a. Folitary 3 retired from the world. 3. 
Puilt with peristyles or piazzas 3 inclosed. 

CLOIS'TER-ER, n. One belonging to the cloister. 


€LOIS'TER-TNG, ppr. Shutting up in a monastery ; coitfln- 
ing 5 secluding from the world. 

GLOIS'TREFS, n. A nun 3 a woman who has vowed reli- 
gious retirement. [Little used.] 

€LOKE, n. [Fax. Inch.] 1. A loose outer garment worn 
over other clothes both by men and women. 2. A cover; 
that which conceals 3 a disguise or pretext 3 an excuse 3 a 
fair pretense. 

€LOKE, V. t, 1. To cover with a cloke. 2. To hide 3 to 
coiiceal 3 to use a false covering. 

€LoKE'-BAG, n. A bag in which a cloke or other clothes 
are carried 3 a portmanteau. 

CLoKED, pp. Covered with a cloke 3 concealed under a 
cover. 

CLoK'ING, ppr. Covering with a cloke 3 hiding under an 
external covering. 

CLOMB, pret. of climb. 

CLONG, old part, of cling. 

CLON'IC, a. [Gr. kXovoj.] Shaking 3 convulsive 3 irregular. 
Coze. 

€I.OOM, V. t. [Fax. daman.] To close with glutinous mat- 
ter. [Local.] Mortimer, 

CLOSE, V. t. [Fr. 1. To shut 3 to make fast, by 

pressing together, or by stopping an open place, so as to 
intercept a passage, in almost any manner. 2. To end 3 
to finish 3 to conclude 3 to complete 3 to bring to a period 3 
as, to close a bargain, or contract. 3. 'J'o unite, as the 
parts of a breach or fracture 3 to make whole ; to consoli- 
date. 4. To cover 3 to inclose 3 to encompass 3 to over- 
whelm. To inclose 3 to confine. [See IrrcLosE.] G. 'I’o 
move or bring together 3 to unite separate bodies or parts, 

CLOSE, V. i. 1. 'I'o unite ; to coalesce 3 to come together, 
as the parts of a wound or fracture, or parts separated 
2. To end 3 to terminate, or come to a period. 

To close on or upon^ to come to a mutual agreement 3 to 
agree on or Join in. — To close with, to accede to 3 to con- 
sent or agree to 3 to unite with. — To close irith, or to close 
In with., to unite 3 to join closely 3 to grapple, as persona 
in a contest. 

CLOSE, n. 1. An inclosed place ; any place surrounded by 
a fence or other body which defends or c(*nfines it. 2. Con- 
clusion 3 termination 3 final end. 3. A temporary finish- 
ing 3 a pause ; rest 3 cessation 3 intermission. 4. The 
manner of shutting. 5. A grapple in wrestling. 

CLOSE, a. 1. Shut fast 3 tight 3 made fast, so as to hax’e no 
opening. 2. Having parts firmly united 3 compact 3 dense 3 
applied to solid substances of any kind. 3. Having parts 
firmly adhering 3 viscous 3 tenacious. 4. Confined 3 stag- 
nant 3 without ventilation or motion. 5. Confined 3 re- 
tired. 6. Hid 3 private 3 secret. 7. Confined within nar- 
row limits 3 narrow. 8. Near 3 within a small distance. 
9. Joined 3 in contact, or nearly so 3 crowded. 10. Com- 
pressed, as thoughts or words 3 hence, brief 3 concise 3 op- 
posed to loose., or diffuse. 1 1. Very near, in place cr time ; 
adjoining, or nearly so. 12. Having the (piality of keep- 
ing secrets, thoughts or designs 3 cautious. 13. Having 
an appearance of concealment 3 implying art, craft or 
wariness. 14. Intent 3 fixed 3 attentive 3 pressing uptm 
the object. 15. Full to the point ; home 3 pressing. Iff. 
Pressing 3 earnest 3 warm. 17. Confined 3 secluded from 
communication. 18. Covetous ; penurious 3 not liberal. 
19. Applied to the weather or air, close, in popular lan- 
guage, denotes warm and damp, cloudy or fi gay, or 
warm and relaxing, occasioning a sense of las^■;tude and 
depression. 20. Ftrictly adhering to the original.— 21. In 
heraldry, drawn in a coat of arms wuth the wings close, 
and in a standing posture. 

CLOSE, adv. Closely 3 nearly 3 densely 3 secretly 3 pressing- 
1}\ Milton. 

€LoSE'-RAND-ED, a. Being in close order 3 closely united. 

CLoFE'-BOD-IED, a. Fitting the body exactly 3 setting 
close, as a garment. 

CLoFE'-COiVI-PACT'ED, a. Being in compact order 3 com- 
pact. Jlddison. 

CLoFE' -COUCHED, a. Quite concealed. Milton. 

CLcSE'-CUR-TAINED, a. Inclosed or surrounded with 
curtains. 

CLOFE'-FIST-ED, a. Covetous ; niggardly. Berkeley. 

CLoFE'-HAND-ED, a. Covetous 3 penurious. Hale. 

CLoFE'-HAND-ED-NEFF, n. Covetousness. 

CLcFE'-II AULED, a. In seamanship, having the tacks t»r 
lower corners of the sails drawn close to the side to wind- 
ward, and the sheets hauled close aft, in sailing near the 
wind. 

CLoFE'-PENT, a Flint close. Dryden. 

CLoFE'-Q.UAR-TERF, n. Ftrong barriers of wood used in 
a ship for defense when the ship is boarded. 

CLoFE'-FTOOL, n. A chamber utensil for the convenience 
of the sick and infirm. 

CLoFE'-ToNGUED, a. Keeping silence 3 cautions in 
speaking. Shak. 

CTiOFED, pp. Flint 3 made fast ; ended ; concluded. 

ClidFE'LY, adv. 1. In a close, compact manner 3 with the 
parts united, or pressed together, so as to leave no vent. 


* See Synopsis, MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 3 — BULL, UNITE. — C as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CII as FH 3 TH as in this. | Obsolete, 


CLO 


154 


CLO 


S. NearJyj with little space intervening. 3. Intently; 
attentively ; with the mind or thoughts fixed ; with near 
inspection. 4. Secretly ; slily. 5. With near affection, 
attachment or interest ; intimately. 6. Strictly ; within 
close limits ; without communication abroad. 7. With 
strict adherence to the original. 

€LoSE'NESS, 11 . 1. The state of being shut, pressed to- 
gether, or united. 2. Compactness ; solidity. 3. Narrow- 
ness ; straitness. 4. Tightness in building, or in apart- 
ments ; firmness of texture in cloth, &c. 5. Want of ven- 
tilation. 6. Confinement or retirement of a person ; re- 
cluseness ; solitude. 7. Reserve in intercourse ; secrecy ; 
privacy ; caution. 8. Covetousness ; penuriousness. Jid- 
dison. ' 9. Connection ; near union ; intimacy, whether of 
friendship or of interest. 10. Pressure ; urgency ; vari- 
ously applied. 11. Adherence to an original. 

CLoS'ER, n. A finisher ; one who concludes. 

CLoS'ER, a. comp, of close. More close. 

CliOS'EST, a. superl. of close. Most close. 

CLOS'ET, n. 1. A small room or apartment for retirement ; 
any room for privacy. 2. An apartment for curiosities or 
valuable things. 3. A small, close apartment or recess 
in the side of a room for repositing utensils and furni- 
ture. 

CLOS'ET, V. t. To shut up in a closet ; to conceal ; to take 
into a private apartment for consultation. 

CT.OS'ET-ED, pp. Shut up in a closet ; concealed. 

CLOS'ET-ING, ppr. Shutting up in a private room ; con- 
cealing. 

CLOS'ET-SIN, n. Sin committed in privacy. 

CLOSE, n. A disease in the feet of cattle,* called also the 
founder. 

CLoS'ING, ppr. Shutting ; coalescing ; agreeing ; ending. 

CLoS'lNG, a. That ends or concludes ; as, a closing word 
or letter. 

CLoS'lNG, V. End ; period ; conclusion. 

CLoS'URE, (clo'zhur) n. 1. The act of shutting ; a closing. 
2. That which closes, or shuts ; that by which separate 
parts are fastened, or made to adhere. 3. Inclosure ; that 
which confines. 4. Conclusion. Shak. 

CLO'r, V. A concretion, particularly of soft or fluid matter, 
wliich concretes into a mass or lump. 

CLOT, V. i. 1 . To concrete ; to coagulate, as soft or fluid 
matter into a thick, inspissated mass. 2. To form into 
clots or clods ; to adhere. 

CLOT'-lURD, V. The common cenanthc, or English ortolan. 

CLOT'-BUR, 71. [G. klctte.] Burdock. 

CLOTH, 71. [Sax. clath. The plural is regular, cloths ; 
but when it signifies garments, it is written clothes.'] 
1. A manufacture or stuff', formed by weaving or inter- 
texture of threads, and used for garments or other cover- 
ing. 2. The covering of a table ; usually called a table- 
cloth. 3. The canvas on which pictures are drawn. 4. 
A texture or covering put to a particular use. 5. Dress ; 
raiment. [See Clothes.] 6. The covering of a bed ; [tio£ 
7/.scd.] 

CLoTHE, V. t . ; pret. and pp. clothed^ nr clad. 1. To put on 
garments ; to invest the body with raiment ; to cover with 
dress. 2. To cover with something ornamental. 3. To 
furnish with raiment ; to provide with clothes ; as, a 
master is to feed and clothe his apprentice. 4. To put on ; 
to invest ; to cover, as with a garment. 5. To invest ; to 
surround ; to encompass. G. To invest ; to give to by 
commission. 7. To cover or spread over. 

CL(Tf HE, V. i. To wear clothes. 

CLdTHED, pp. Covered with garments; dressed; invest- 
ed ; furnished with clothing. 

* CLOTHES, (clothes, or cloze) n. plu. of cloth. 1. Garments 
for the human body ; dress ; vestments ; vesture ; a gen- 
eral term for whatever covering is worn, or made to be 
worn, for decency or comfort. 2. The covering of a bed ; 
bed-clothes. 

CLoTH'IER, (cloth'yer) n. 1. In English authors ^ aman who 
makes cloths ; a maker of cloth. .Johnson. — 2. In Ameri- 
ca, a man whose occupation is to full and dress cloth. 

CIjOTH'ING, ppr. Covering wither putting on vestments 
of any kind ; providing with garments ; investing ; cover- 
inc:. 

CLoTH'lNG, n. 1. Garments in general; clothes; dress; 
raiment ; covering. 2. The art or practice of making 
cloth ; [unusual.] 

CliOTH'-SIlKAR-ER, n. One who shears cloth, and frees 
it from superfluous nap. 

CLOTH'-WoRK-ER, t». A maker of cloth. 

CLOT'PdLL, n. A thickskull ; a blockhead. See Clod- 
toll. 

CLOT'TED, pp. Concreted into a mass ; inspissated ; adher- 
ing in a lump. 

CljOT'TER, V. i. To concrete or gather into lumps. 

CLOT'TfNG, ppr. Concreting; inspissating; forming into 
clots. 

CLO'r'TY, a. Ftill of clots, or small, hard masses ; full of 
concretions, or clods. 

CLOUD, 7J. LA collection of visible vapor, or watery parti- 


cles, suspended in the atmosphere, at some altitude. 2. A 
state of obscurity or darkness. 3. A collection of smoke, 
or a dense collection of dust, rising or floating in the air. 
4. The dark or varied colors, in veins or spots, on stones 
or other bodies, are called clouds. 5. A great multitude ; 
a vast collection. 

CLOUD, V. t. 1. To overspread with a cloud or clouds. 2. 
To obscure ; to darken. 3. To darken in veins or spots ; 
to variegate with colors. 4. To make of a gloomy aspect ; 
to give the appearance of sullenness. 5. To sully ; to 
tarnish. 

CLOUD, V. i. To grow cloudy ; to become obscure with 
cloTids. 

CLOUD'-AS-CEND'ING, a. Ascending to the clouds. 

CLOUD -BER-RY, n. A plant, called also knot-berry ; rubus 
chanimmorus . 

CLOUD'-BORN, a. Born of a cloud. Dryden. 

CLOUD'-CAPT, a. Capped with clouds; touching the 
clouds ; lofty. Shak. 

CLOUD'-COM-PEL'LER, n. He that collects clouds ; Jove. 

CLOUD'-COM-PEL'LING, a. Collecting clouds ; or driving 
clouds. Dryden. 

CLOUD'-C6V-ERED, a. Enveloped with clouds. 

CLOUD'-DIS-PEL'LING, a. Plaving power to disperse 
clouds. 

CLOUD'-E-CLIPSED, a. Eclipsed by a cloud. Shak. 

CLOUD'ED, pp. Overcast ; overspread with clouds ; ob- 
scured ; darkened ; rendered gloomy or sullen ; variegated 
with colored spots or veins. 

CLOUD'I-LY, adv. With clouds ; darkly ; obscurely. 

CLOUD'I-NESS, n. l.The state of being overcast with 
clouds. 2. Obscurity ; gloom ; want of brightness. 3. 
Darkness of appearance ; variegation of colors in a fossil 
or other body. 4. Appearance of gloom or sullenness. 

CLOUD'ING, 7 >pr. Overspre.ading with clouds; obscuring; 
giving an appearance of gloom or sullenness. 

CLOUD'-KIt^S-ING, a. Touching the clouds. Shak. 

CLOUD'LESS, a. Being without a cloud ; unclouded ; clear ; 
bright ; luminous. 

€LOUD'-PIERC-ING, a. Penetrating or rising above the 
clouds. Philips. 

€LOUD'-TOPT, a. Having the top covered with a cloud. 
Gray. 

€LOUD'-T6UCH-ING, a. Touching the clouds. 

ULOUD'Y, a. 1. Overcast with clouds; obscured with 
clouds. 2. Consisting of a cloud or clouds. 3. Obscure ; 
dark ; not easily understood. 4. Having the appearance 
of gloom ; indicating gloom, anxiety, sullenness, or ill- 
nature ; not open or cheerful. 5. Indicating gloom or sul- 
lenness ; as, cloudy wrath. 6. Marked with veins or spots 
of dark or various hues, as marble. 7. Not bright. 

* CL6UGII, (cluf ) 77. [Sax. cZom^A.] A cleft in a hill. — In 
commerce, an allowance of two pounds in every hundred 
Aveight, for the turn of the scale, that the commodity may 
hold out in retailing. 

CLOUT, 77. [Sax. clut.] L A patch; a piece of cloth or 
leather, &c., to close a breacli. 2. A piece of cloth for . 
mean purposes. 3. A piece of white cloth, for archers to 
shoot at. [jVo£ now used.] Shak. 4. An iron plate on an 
axletree, to keep it from wearing. 5. [Fr. clou, clouter.] 
A small nail. — 6. In vulgar language, a blow with tlie 
hand. J^''ew England. Todd. 

CLOU7’, V. t. 1. To patch ; to mend by sewing on a piece 
or patch. 2. To cover with a piece of cloth. 3. To join 
clumsily. 4. To cover or arm with an iron plate. 5. To 
strike ; to give a blow. — Clouted cream, in Gay, is evi- 
dently a mistake for clotted cream. 

CLOUT'ED, pp. Patched ; mended clumsily ; covered with 
a clout. 

CLOUT'ER-LY, a. Clumsy ; awkward. Mortimer. 

CLOUT'ING, ppr. Patching ; covering with a clout. 

t CTjOVE, pret. of cleave. Spenser. 

CLOVE, 71. [D. kloof.] A cleft ; a fissure ; a gap ; a ravine. 
It is properly a Dutch word. .Journ. of Science. 

CLOVE, 77. [Sax. clufe.] 1. A very pungent, aromatic 
spice, the flower of the clove-tree, caryophyllus. 2. [From 
cleave.] I'he parts into which garlic separates, when the 
outer skin is removed. 3. A certain weight ; seven pounds 
of wool ; eight pounds of cheese or butter. 

CLoVE'-GlL-LY-FLOW-ER, n. A species of dianthus, 
bearing a beautiful flower. 

CLo'VEN, (clo'vn) pp. cleave. Divided ; parted. 

CLo'VEN-FOOT-ED, ) a. Having the footer hoof divided 

CLo'VEN-H^OFED, ) into two parts, as the ox ; bisul- 
cous. 

CLo'VER, or CLo'VER-GRXSS, n. [Sax. clcefer-wvrt.] A 
genus of plants, called trifolium, trefoil, or three-leafed ; 
Fr. trefle. — To live in clover, is to live luxuriously, or in 
abundance. 

CLo'VERED, a. Covered with clover. Thomson. 

CLOWN, 71. [L. colonus.] A countryman ; a rustic ; hence, 
one who has the manners of a rustic ; a churl ; a man of 
coarse manners ; an ill-bred man. 

f CLOWN' AGE, 77. The manners of a clown. 


* See Synopsis. A, ic, T, o, U, V, long . — 


FAR, FALL, AVHAT ;— PREY PIN, MARINE, BiRD | Obsolete. 


CLU 


155 COA 


CLOWN^ER-Y, n. Ill-breeding ; rustic behavior j rudeness 
of manners. [Little v^ed.] 

€IiOWN'ISH, a. 1 . Containing clowns j consisting of rus- 
tics. 2 . Coarse ; hard ; rugged ; rough. 3 . Of rougli man- 
ners ; ill-bred. 4 . Clumsy j awkward. 

CLOWN' ISH-LY, adv. In the manner of clowns j coarsely 5 
rudely. 

CLOWN'ISH-NESS, n. The manners of a clown ; rustici- 
ty ; coarseness or rudeness of behavior 3 incivility 3 awk- 
wardness. 

CLOWN ’S-MUS'TARD, 71 . A plant. 

CLOY, V, t. [Fr. clouer.\ I. To fill 3 to glut 5 to satisfy, as 
the appetite ; to satiate. 2 . To spike up a gun 5 to drive 
a spike into the vent. — 3 . In farriery^ to prick a horse in 
shoeing. 

CliOYEl), pp. Filled 5 glutted ; filled to satiety and lothing 3 
spiked 3 pricked in shoeing. 

CLOY'ING, ppr. Filling 3 filling to satiety or disgust. 

CLOY'LESS, a. That cannot cloy, or fill to satiety. 

CLOY^MENT, n. Surfeit 3 repletion beyond the demands 
of appetite. [Little used.} S/iak. 

CLUB, n. [W. clopa^ clwpa.] 1 . Properly^ a stick or piece 
of wood, with one end thicker and heavier than the other, 
and no larger than can be wielded with the hand. 2 . A 
thick, heavy stick, that may be managed with the hand, 
and used for beating, or defense. 3 . The name of one of 
the suits of cards 3 so named from its figure. 4 . A collec- 
tion or assembly of men 3 itsualbjj a select number of 
friends met for social or literary purposes. 5 . A collection 
of expenses 3 the expenses of a company. 6. Contribu- 
tion 3 joint charge. 

CliUB, V. i. [W. clapiaw.} 1 . To join, as a number of in- 
dividuals, to the same end. 2 . To pay an equal propor- 
tion of a common reckoning or charge. 

CLUB, V. t. 1 . To unite different sums of expense in a 
common sum or collection. — 2 . In common parlance^ to 
raise or turn uppermost the britch or club of a musket. 

CLUBBED, pp. I. Collected into a sum and averaged, as 
different expenses. 2 . United to one end or effect. 3 . 
Shaped like a club. 4 . Having the britch turned up- 
wards, as a musket. 5 . Heavy, like a club. 

CLUB HER, or CLUB'BIST, n. One who belongs to a party, 
club or association. Burke. 

CLUB'BING, ppr. Joining in a club 3 uniting to a common 
end. 

CLUB'-FIST, n. A large, heavy fist. 

CLUB'-FIST-ED, a. Having a large fist. Hoicell. 

CLUB'-FOOT-ED, a. Having short or crooked feet. 

CLUB'-HEAD-ED, a. Having a thick head. Derham. 

CLUB'-LAW, 71 . Government by clubs, or violence 3 the 
use of arms, or force, in place of law 3 anarchy. 

CLUB'-MAN, 71 . One who carries a club. 

CLUB'-ROOM, 71 . The apartment in which a club meets. 

CLUB'-RUSH, 71 . A genus of plants, the scirpus. 

CLUB'-SHaPED, a. Shaped like a club 3 growing thicker 
towards the top 3 clavated. 

CLUCK, v.i. [Sax. cloccan.} To make the noise, or utter 
the voice, 01 the domestic hen. 

CLUCK, 7). t. To call chickens by a particular sound. Shak. 

CLUCK'ING,ppr. Uttering the voice of a sitting hen 3 call- 
ing chickens. 

CLUE. See Clew. 

CIjUMP, 71 . [G. klump.} 1 . A thick, short piece of wood, 
or other solid substance 3 a shapeless mass. 2 . A cluster 
of trees or shrubs 3 formerly written plump. In some parts 
of Encrland, it is an adjective, signifying lazy, unhandy. 

CLUMP'ER, V. t. To form into clumps or masses. More. 

CLUMPS, n. A stupid felfoW 3 a numskull. 

CLUM'SI-LY, adv. In a clumsy manner 3 awkwardly 3 in 
an unhandy manner 3 without readiness, dexterity or 
grace. 

CLUM'SI-NESS, n. The quality of being short and thick, 
and moving heavily 3 awkwardness 3 unhandiness 3 un- 
gainliness. 

CLUiM'SY', a. 1 . Properly, short and thick. 2 . Moving 
heavily, slowdy or awkwardly. 3 . Awkward 3 ungainly 3 
unhandy 3 artless 3 without readiness, dexterity or grace. 
4 . Ill-made 3 badly constructed. 

CLUNCH, 7?. Among miners, indurated clay, found in coal 
pits next to the coal. Bailey. 

CLUNG, prct. and pp. of cling, which see. 

t CLUNG, v.i. To shrink. See Cling. 

t CLUNG, a. Wasted with leanness 3 shrunk with cold. 

CIjU'NI-AC, V. One of a reformed order of Benedictine 
monks, so called from Cluni, in Burgundy. 

CLUS'TER, 77. [Sax. cluster.} I. A bunch 3 a number of 
things of the same kind growing or joined together 3 a 
knot. 2 . A number of individu ils or things collected or 
gathered into a close body. 3 . A number of things situ- 
ated near each other. 

CTjUS'TER, V. i. 1 . To grow in clusters 3 to gather or 
unite in a bunch, or bunches. 2. To form into flakes. 3 . 
To collect into flocks or crowds. 

CLUS'TER, V. t. To collect into a bunch, or c/ose body. 


CLUS'TERED, pp. Collected into a cluster, or crowd 3 
crowded. 

CLUS'TER-GRAPE, n. A small black grape. 
CLUS*TER-ING, ppr. Growing in a cluster, or in bunches 3 
uniting in a bunch, or in a flock, crowd, or close body. 
CLUS'TER-Y, a. Growing in clusters 3 full of clusters. 
CLUTCH, V, t. I. To double in the fingers, and pinch or 
compress them together 3 to clinch. 2 . To seize, clasp or 
gripe with the hand. 3 . To seize, or grasp. 

CLUTCH, n, A griping or pinching with the fingers 3 seiz- 
ure 3 grasp. 

CLUTCH'ES, plu. 1 . The paws or talons of a rapacious 
animal, as of a cat or dog. 2 . The hands, in the sense 
of instruments of rapacity or cruelty, or of power. 
CLUT'TER, 71 . [W. cluder.] 1 . A heap or assemblage of 
things lying in confusion. 2. Noise 3 bus^'e. 
CLUT'TER, V. t. To crowd together in disorder 3 to fill 
with things in confusion. 

CLUT'TER, V. i. To make a bustle, or fill with confu- 
sion. 

CLUT'TERED, pp. Encumbered with things in disorder. 
CLUT^TER-ING, ppr. Encumbering with things in confu- 
sion. 

*CLYS'TER, 77. [Gr. xXi'o-T;7p.] An injection 3 a liquid 
substance injected into the lower intestines. 
CLYS'TER-lZE, v. i. To apply a clyster. Cotgrave. 
CLYS^TER-PIPE, u. A tube or pipe used for injections. 
CLYS'TER-WISE, adv. In the manner of a clyster. 

CO, a prefix, signifying with, in conjunction. See Con. 
CO-A-CERV'ATE, v. t. [L. coacervo.} To heap up 3 to pile. 
[Little used.} 

CO-A-CERV*ATE, a. [L. coacervatus.} Heaped 3 raised 
into a pile 3 collected into a crowd. [Little used.} 
CO-AC-ER-VA'TION, n. The act of heaping, or state of 
being heaped together. [Little used.} 

CoACH, 71 . [Fr. coche.} A close vehicle for commodious 
traveling, borne on four wheels, and drawn by horses or 
other animals. It differs from a chariot in having seats in 
front, as well as behind. — Hackney-coach, a coach kept 
for hire. — Mail-coach, a coach that carries the public mails. 
— Stage-coach, a coach that regularly conveys passengers 
from town to town. See Stage. 

CoACH, or COUCH, ri. An apartment in a large ship of war 
near the stern, the roof of which is formed by the poop 
Mar. Diet. 

CoACH, V. t. To carry in a coach. Pope. 
t CoACH, V. i. To ride in a coach. Waterhoxtse. 
CoACH'-BOX, 71. The seat on which the driver of a coacn 
sits. Arlmthnot. 

CoACH'-HIRE, 71 . Money paid for the use of a hired 
coach. 

CoACH'-HORSE, n. A horse used in drawing coaches. 
CoACH'-HOUSE, 71 . A house to shelter a coach from the 
weather. Swift. 

CoACH'-Ma-KER, 77. A man whose occupation is to make 
coaches. Sicift. 

CoACH'FUL, 77. A coach filled with persons. Addison. 
CoACH'MAN, 77. The person who drives a coach. 
CoACH'MAN-SHIP, n. Skill in driving coaches, 
t CO-ACT^, V. i. To act together. Shak. 
t CO-ACT'ED, pp. or a. Forced 3 compelled. 
CO-AC'TION, 77. [L. ccactio.} Force 3 compulsion, either 
in restraining or impelling, ^uth. 

CO-ACT'TVE, a. 1 . Forcing 3 compulsory 3 having the pow- 
er to impel or restrain. Raleigh. 2 . Acting in concur- 
rence. 

CO-A€T'IVE-LY, adv. In a compulsory manner. 

€ 0 -AD-Ju'MENT, 77. Mutual assistance. 

* € 0 -AD-Jtj'TANT, a. [L. con and adjutans.] Helping 3 
mutually assisting or operating. 

€ 0 -/ D-Ju'TOR, 77. 1 . One who aids another 3 an assist- 
ant 3 a fellow-helper 3 an associate in operation. — ^ 2 . In 
the canon law, one who is empowered or appointed to 
perform the duties of another. 

€0-AD-Ju'TOR-SHIP, n. Joint aid. 

€ 0 -AD-Jfi'TRIX, n. A female assistant. Smollett. 
€ 0 -AD-Ju'VAN-CY, 77. Joint help 3 assistance 3 concur- 
rent aid 3 co-operation. [Little w^ed.j 
€ 0 -AD'U-NATE, 0. [L. coadunatus.} In botany, coadxLiiatc 
leaves are several united at the base. 
€O-AD-U-NI"TI 0 N, ??. The union of different substances 
in one mass. [Little Hale. 

GO-AD-VENT'UR-ER, n. A fellow adventurer. 
€ 0 -AF-F 01 l'EST, v. t. To convert ground into a forest. 
CO-a'GENT, 77. An assistant or associate in an act. Bcaum. 
f€ 0 -AG-MENT', r. t. [L. coagmento.} To congregate or 
heap together. Glanville. 

€ 0 -AG-MEN-Ta'TI 0 N, n. Collection into a mass or united 
body 3 union 3 conjunction. [Little used.}- 
€ 0 -AG-MENT'ED, a. Congregated 3 heaped together 3 uni- 
ted in one mass. [Little used.} 

CO-AG-U-LA-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being coagu- 
lated. 

CO-AG'U-LA-BLE, a. That may be concreted 3 capable of 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK. D6VE 3— BULL, UNITE.— C as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TII as in this, f Obsolete. 


COB 


COA 156 


congealing or changing ftom a liquid to an inspissated 
state. 

€0-AG'CJ-LiATE, v. t. [L. coafrulo.] To concrete ; to cur- 
dle ; to congeal ; to cliange from a'fiuid into a fixed sub- 
stance, or solid mass, 

€0-AG U-LA'l’E, V, i. To curdle or congeal ; to turn from 
a tiuid ioto a consistent state, or fixeu substance ; to 
thicken. 

CO-AG'U-LA-TED, Concreted; curdled. 

€0-AG'U-LA-TliNG, p/ir. Curdling; congealing. 

CO-AG-l J-La'TION, a. The act oi changing from a fluid to 
a fixed state ; concretion ; the state of being coagulated ; 
tlie body formed by coagulating. 

CO-AG'U-LA-TIVE, a. That has the power to cause con- 
cretion. Boyle, 

CO AG'U-LA-TOR, n. That which causes coagulation. 

CO-AG'U-LCM, 71. Rennet ; curd ; the clot of blood, sepa- 
rated by cold, acid, &.c. 

€()-A'i-TJ, n. A species of monkey in South America. 

CoAK. See Coke. 

Coal, ??. [Sax. col, or coll.] 1. A piece of wood, or other 
combustible substance, ignited, burning, or charred. 2. 
In the language of chemists^ any substance containing oil, 
which has“been exposed to a fire in a close vessel, so that 
its volatile matter is expelled, and it can sustain a red heat 
without further decomposition. — 3. In mineralogy^ a sol- 
id, opaque, intiammable substance, found in the earth, 
and, by way of distinction, called fossil coal. 

Coal, v.t. l. To bum to coal, or charcoal ; to char. 2. 
To mark or delineate with charcoal. 

CoAL'-BLA€flC, «. Black as a coal ; very black. 

€o.\L'-BOX, 71. A box to cany coal to the fire. Swift. 

CoAL'-FlSH, n. A species of gadus^ or cod. 

CoAJj'-llOUSE, n. A house or shed for keeping coal. 

CoAL'-MINE, n. A mine or ])it in which coal is dug. 

CoAI^'-MIiS'ER, 71. One who works in a coal mine. 

CoAL'- MOUSE, n. A small species of tit-mouse, with a 
l)lack head. 

CoAL'-BlT, n. A pit where coal is dug. — In America^ a 
place where charcoal is made. 

CoAL'-SiilB, n. A ship employed in transporting coal. 

CoAIj'-STONE, n. A kind of cannel coal. 

Co A L'- Work, 7/. A coalery ; a place where coal is dug, 
mcluding the machinery for raising the coal. 

€oAl.'ER-Y, n. A coal-mine, coal-pit, or place wdiere coals 
are dug. 

CO-A-LESCE', (ko-a-less') v. i. [L. coalesco.] 1. To grow 
together ; to unite, as separate bodies, or separate parts, 
into one body. 2. I'o unite and adhere in one body or 
mass, by spontaneous approximation or attraction. 3. 
'J’o unite in society, in a more general sense. 

CO-A-LEfc''CE,VCE, 7/. The act of growing together; the 
act of uniting by natural aflinity or attraction ; the state 
of being united ; union ; concretion. 

CO-A-LES'GENT, a. Joined ; united. 

CO-A-IjE?i'CtNG, ppr. Growing or coming together; unit- 
ing in a body or mass ; uniting and adhering together. 

CoAL'lER, or CoAL'LIER. Sec Collier. 

tCOA-LITE, 15. i. To unite or coalesce. Bolingbroke. 

CO-A-LT"TlON, 77. 1. Union in a body or mass ; a coming 
together, as of separate bodies or parts, and their union in 
one body or mass. 2. Union of individual persons, par- 
ties or states. 

CO-AL-LY', 71. A joint ally ; as, the subject of a co-ally. 
Kent. 

CoAL'Y, a. Like coal ; containing coal. Jililton. 

CoA.M'lNGsS, 77. In ships, the raised borders or edges of the 
i 1 <i tc i)os 

CO-AB PllE-HEND', v. t. To apprehend with another. 
[Little used.] Brown. 

GO-AP-Ta 'I'fON, 77. The adaptation or adjustment o^ parts 
to each other. Boyle. 

CO-AllCT', )v.t. [L. coarcto.] 1. To press together ; 

GO-ARC'TATE, i to crowd ; to straiten ; to confine close- 
ly. 2. To restrain ; to confine. 

CO-AKC-Ta^TON, 77. 1. Confinement; restraint to a nar- 
row space. 2. Pressure ; contniction. 3, Restraint of 
liberty. 

CoAILSE, a. 1. Thick ; large or gross in bulk ; compara- 
tively of large diameter. 2. Thick ; rough ; or made of 
coarse thread or yarn. 3. Not refined ; not separated 
from grosser particles or impurities, 4, Rude ; rough ; 
unrefined ; uncivil. 5. Gross ; not delicate. 6, Rude ; 
rougli ; unpolished ; inelegant. 7. Not nicely expert ; 
not accomplished by art or education. 8. Mean ; not 
nice ; not refined or elegant. 

CoAIySL'LY, ado. Roughly; without fineness or refine- 
ment ; rudely ; inelegantly ; uncivilly ; meanly ; without 
art or polish. 

CdARSE'NESS, v. 1. Largeness of size ; thickness. 2. 
The quality of being made of coarse thread or yarn ; whence 
thickness and roughness. 3. Unrefined state; the state 
of being mixed with gross particles or impurities. 4. 
Roughness; grossness; rudeness. 5. Grossness ; want of 


refinement or delidacy ; want of polish. C Meanness; 
want of art in preparation; want of nicety. 

CO-AS-EES'SOR, 71. A joint assessor. 

CO-AS-SuME', v.t. lo assume something xVith another 
Walsall. 

Coast, n. [L. costa ; W. cost ; Fr. eCte.] 1. The exteri- 
or line, limit or border of a country. 2. 'ihe edge or 
margin of the land next to the sea ; the seashoie. 3. A 
side. 4. The country near the sea-shore. — The coast is 
clear is a proverbial phrase, signifying, the danger is over ; 
the enemies have marched otf, or left the coast. 

C6AST, V i 1. To sail near a coast ; to sail by or near the 
shore, or in sight of land. 2. To sail from port to port in 
the same country. 

Coast, v. t. l. To sail by or near to. 2. To draw near ; 
to approach ; to follow ; [oio\] 

CoAST'EU,pp. Sailed by. 

CoAST'ER, 77 . 1. One who sails near the shore. 2. A 

vessel that is employed in sailing along a coast, or is li- 
censed to navigate or trade from port to port in the same 
country. 

CoAST'lNG, Sailing along or near a coast. 

CoAST'ING-Pi'LOT, 71, A pilot who conducts vessels along 
a coast. 

CoASI’qNG-TRADE, n. The trade which is carried on be- 
tween the diff*erent ports of the same country. 

CoAST'JNG-VES'SEL, n. A vessel employed in coasting; 
a coaster. 

CdAT, 71. [Fr. cotte.] 1. An upper garment. 2. A petti- 
coat ; a garment worn by infants or young children. 3. 
The habit or vesture of an order of men, indicating the or- 
der or ollice. 4. External covering, as the fur or hair of 
a beast. 5. A tunic of the eye ; a membrane that serves 
as a cover ; a tegument, (j. The division or layer of n 
bulbous root. 7. A cover ; a layer of any substance cov- 
ering another. 8. That on which ensigns armorial are 
portrayed, usually called a coat of arms. 9. A coat if 
mail is a piece of armor, in form of a shirt, consisting of a 
net-work of iron rings. 10. A card ; a coat-card is one on 
which a king, queen or knave is painted. 

CoAT, V. t. 1 . 'I'o cover or spread over with a layer of any 
substance. 2. To cover with cloth or canvas. 

CoAT'-aR-MOR, 71. A coat of arms; armorial ensigns. 

CoAT'-CaRD, 71 . [From the dress or coat in which the 
king, queen and knave are represented.] A card ; called, 
also, court-card. B. Jonson. 

CoAT'ED, jyp. 1. Covered with a coat ; loricated ; covered 
or overspread with any thing that defends ; clothed with 
a membrane. 2. Having concentric coats or layers. 

COATI, 77 . An animal of South America, resembling the 
racoon, but with a longer body and neck, shorter fur, and 
smaller eyes. 

CoAT'lNG, ppr. Covering with a coat ; overspreading. 

CoATiNG, 71. LA covering, or the act of covering ; lorica- 
tion ; any substance spread over for cover or defense. 2, 
Cloth for coats ; as, merchants advertise an assortment of 
coatings. 

CoAX, (koks) V. t. [VV. cocru.] To wiieedle ; to flatter ; to 
soothe, appease or persuade by flattery and fondling. [A 
low 7cord.] 

fCoAX, 77 . A dupe. Beaumont a 7 \d Fletcher, 

jcOAX-A'TION, 77 . The art of coaxing. 

Coaxed, pp. soothed or persuaded by flattery, 

CoAX'ER, 71. A wheedler ; a flatterer. 

CoAX'ING, ;7p7*. Wheedling; flattering. 

COB, 71 . [W. cob, or C77;7.J 1. fliie top or head ; a covetous 

wretch ; a foreign coin. 2. In America, the receptacle of 
the maize, or American corn; a shoot in form of a pin or 
spike, on which grows the corn in rows. This recepta- 
cle, with the corn, is called the ear. 3. [It. gabbiano.] 
A sea-fowl, the sea-cob. 4. A ball or pellet for feeding 
fowls. 5. In some pai'ts of E 7 igland, a spider. 6, A horse 
not castrated ; a strong poney. 

COB, V. t. In seamen^s Language, to punish by striking the 
breech with a flat piece of wood, or with a board. 

* CO'BALT, 71 . [D. cobalt.] A mineral of a reddish-gray or 
grayish-white color. — Cobalt-bloom , acicular ai-seniate of 
cobalt. — Cobalt-ci'ust , earthy arseniate of cobalt. 

CO-BALTflC, a. Pertaining to cobalt, or consisting of it ; 
resembling cobalt, or containing it, 

COB'BLE, or€OB'BLE-STONE,77. [E.r\g. copplc.] A round- 
ish stone ; a pebble ; supposed to be a fragment, rounded 
by the attrition of water. We give this name to stones 
of various sizes, from that of a hen’s egg, or smaller, to 
that of large paving stones. These stones are called by 
the English coppl e-stones, and bowlder-stones, or boicl- 
ders. 

COB BLE, V. t. 1. To n;:.ke or mend coarsely, as shoes ; to 
botch. 2. To make or do clumsily or unhandily. Dry- 
den. 

COB'BLER, 77. 1. A mender of shoes, 2. A clumsy work- 
mail. 3. A mean person. 

COB BLING, ppr. Mending coarsely. 

[ GOB'BY, a. &'tout ; brisk. Chaucer. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, 0, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PR£Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— | Obsolete. 


coc 


157 


COE 


COB'CAL, n> A sandal worn by ladies in the East. 

€OI> €oAL!i“, n. Large round coals. 

€ 0 -BLL-JAG'E 1 L-E.n r, a. L'arryiiig on war in conjunction 
with another power. 

CO-liLL-LiOr'Lil-Ei\T, n. A nation or state tliat carries 
on war in connection with another. 

n. An andiron with a knob at me top. 

,}. A joint or coadjutant bishop. 

C^'BLK, a. [Sax. caopLc.] A boat used in the herring fish- 
ery. 

€OlJ'LoAF, n. A loaf that is irregular, uneven or crusty. 

n. A boy’s play, or a hazel-nut; the conquer- 
ing nut. 

CO-hOii'. See Cabob. 

€0-ikK)SE'. See Caboose. 

C’Oi> STONE. See Cobble. 

COB'SVVOVN, n. The head or leading swan. 

COB'VVEii, II. [co^, or kot>pe.] 1. ’1 he line, thread or fila- 
ment wijicJi a spider spins from its abdomen ; the net- 
work spread by a spider to catch its prey. 2. Any snare, 
implying insidiousness and weakness . — In this sense it is 
used udjectioely,or in composition ^ fo?- thin, fiiinsy, slender, 
feeble, S-eift. 

eOB'W’^EBBED, a. 1. In botany , covered with a thick inter- 
woven pubescence. 2. Covered whtii cobwebs. 

€o C/A. See Cacoa and Cocoa. 

Co'CA-LOX, n. A large cocoon, of a weak texture. 

€0€-(TE'KR-OtJS, a. [L. coccus and fero.] Bearing or pro- 
ducing berries. 


€OC'CU-LITE, n. [Gr. kokkos and X(0oj.] A variety of au- 
gite or pyroxene. 

€UC €U'-LUS iA'Dl-CUS. The fruit of the menispermum 
cocculusj a poisonous berry. 

COG'Ci'X, n. [L.J In anatomy , a bone joined to the ex- 
tremity of the os sacrum. 

* CUCliC-NEAL, n. [i?p. cochinilla.] An insect, the coccus 
cactij of the genus coccus. These insects form a mass or 
drug, which is the proper cochineal of the shops. It is 
used in giving red colors, especially crimson and scarlet, 
and for making carmine. 

^ cochlea.] Having the form of a 

t.ccii ^ . turbinated. 


€OCH'LE-A-TED, 


€0€H'LITE, n. [Gr. xo;Y^<aj.] A fossil shell. 

COCiv, n. [Sax. coc ; b r. cog.] 1. The male of birds, par- 
ticularly of gallinaceous or d»jmestic fowls. 2. A weatli- 
er-cock ; a vane in shape of a cock. 3. A spout ; an in- 
strument to draw out or discharge liquor from a cask, vat 
or pipe ; so named from its projection. 4. Tlie projecting 
corner of a hat. 5. A small conical pile of hay, so shaped 
for shedding rain ; called in England a cop. b. The style 
or gnomon of a dial. 7. The needle of a balance. 8. 1 he 
piece which covers the balance in a clock or watch. 9. 
[It. cocca.] The notch of an arrow. 10. The part of a 
musket or other fire arm, to which a flint is attached, and 
which, being impelled by a spring, strikes fire. 11. A 
small boat. [W. c/cc ; It. cocca.] It is now called a cock- 
boat. 12. A leader ; a chief man. 13. Cock-crowing ; 
the time when cocks crow in the morning . — Cock a hoop, 
or cock on the hoop, a phrase denoting triumph ; triumph- 
ant ; exulting . — Cock and a bull, a phrase denoting te- 
dious trifling stories. 

GOCK, V. t. 1. To set erect ; to turn up. 2. To set the 
brim of a hat so as to make sharp corners or points ; or to 
set up with an air of pertness. 3. To make up hay in 
small conical piles. 4. To set or draw back the cock of a 
gun, in order to fire. 

COCK, V. i. To hold up the head ; to strut ; to look big, 
pert, or menacing. 2. To train or use fighting cocks ; 
[little used.] 3. To cocker ; [not in 

COCK-aDE', n. [Fr. cocarde.] A riband or knot of riband, or 
something similar, worn on the hat, usually by officers of 
the army or navy, sometimes by others. 

COGK-aD ED, a. Wearing a cockade. Young. 

COCK'AL, 71. A game called huckle-bone. Kinder. 

C0GK-A-3’00', n. A bird of the parrot kind. Herbert. 

COCK'A-TRICE, n. [Fr. cocatrix.] A serpent imagined to 
proceed from a cock’s egg. 

COClv-BILL. In seameiCs language, the anchor is a cock- 
bill, when it is suspended perpendicularly from tlie cat- 
head, ready to be let go in a moment. 

GOGIv'-BoAT, 71. A small boat. See Cock, J\To. 11. 

COCK -BRAINED, a. Giddy; rash. Milton. 

COGK'-BROTH, n. Broth made by boiling a cock. 

€OGK'-CHAF-FER, n. The May-bug or dorr-!)eetle, a spe- 
cies of sr araheens . 

COGK'-GRoW-ING, n. The time at which cocks crow; 
early morning. 

GOGK'ER, V. t. [W. cocra.] To fondle ; to indulge ; to 
treat with tenderness ; to pamper. 

GOGK'ER, 71. 1. One who follows cock-fighting. 2. A sort 
of spatter- dash. 

GOGK'ER-EL, n. A young cock. Dryden. 


GOGK ER-ING, n. Indulgence. Milton. 

GOGK'E’J', a. Brisk; pert. Shcncoud. 

GOGK'ET, 11 . A seal of the customhouse ; a royal seal; 
ratJier a scroll of parchment, sealed and delivered by Ibe 
officers t»f tlie custom-house to merchants, as a wairrant 
that tlieir merchandise is entered, 'i he otiice id entry. 
GOGK F/I'-B READ, n. l iie finest sort of w’heai bread. 
GOGK'-ITGHT, 


GOGK'-FTGHT-ING, 


71. A match or contest of cocks. 


GOGK'-HORbE, a. On horse back; triumphant; exult 


ing. 

GOGK'ING, 71. Cock-fighting. Beaumont. 

GOG'KLE, 71. [8ax. c<;ccc/.j A plant or weed. 

GOG'KLE, 11 . [Fr. coque, coguille.] i. A small testaceous 
shell ; or rather a genus of shells, the cai duun. 2. A min- 
eral. 3. A young cock ; st-e Coc k euel. 

GOC-'K LE, V. i. or t. To contract into wrinkles ; to shrink, 
pucker, or wrinkle, as cloth. 

GOG'KLED, pp. 1. Contracted into folds or W'linkles; 
winding. 2. Having shells. 

GOG KLLR, 71. One that takes and sells cockles. 

GOG'KLE-fcTAlRS, ii. Vv inding or spiral stairs. 

GOGK'- LOFT, n. 'i‘he top h.ft ; the upper room in a house 
or other building ; a lumber room. 

GOGK'-MAS-TLR, n. One who breeds game cocks. 

GOGK'-M.ATCH, n. A match of cucks ; a cock-fight. 

GOGK NEY, n. [most probably from L. coquina, a kitchen, 
or coquino, to cook.] 1. A native of T ondon, by way of 
contempt. 2. An elTeininate, ignorant, despicable citizen. 

GOG-K'NEY-LIKE, a. Resembling the manners of a cock- 
ney. 

GOGK'-PAD-DLE, n. The lump-fish or sea-owd. Kncyc. 

GOGK'PIT n. 1. A pit or area, where game cocks fight, — 
2. In ships of tcai , a room or apartment, in which the 
wounded men are dressed. 

GOGK'RoACH, n. A genus of insects, the 

GOGKSGoMB, n. 1. d'he caruncle or comb of a cock. 
2 A plant. 3. A fop, or vain silly fellow. 8cc Coxcomb. 

GOGKS HEAD, n. A plant, the hcdijsa'um or sainfoin. 

GOGK'SHUT, 71. The close of the day, when fowls go to 
roost, 

GOGK'SPUR, n. Virginia hawtliorn, a species of medlar. 

GOGK'PURE, a. Gonfidenlly certain. [A low word.] 

* GOGK'SWAIN, 71. [in familiar speech, contracted into 
cozen.] An ofiicer on board of a ship who has the care of 
the boat and the boat’s crew. 

GOGK'- WEED, ti. A plant, called also dittander and pepper- 
7Cort. 

Go'GOA, (coco) n. [Sp. coco.] A tree belonging to the 
genus cocos, of the order of palmce ; and the fruit or nut 
of the tree. 

Go GOA-NUT, n. The nut or fruit of the cocoa-tree. 

GO-GOON', 77. [Fr. coerm.j An oblong ball or case in which 
the silk-worm involves itself. 

GOG'TiLE, a. [L. coctilis.] Made by baking, or exposing 
to heat, as a brick. 

GOG'TION, n. [L. coctio.] The act of boiling or exposing 
to heat in liquor. — In medicine, that alteration in the crude 
matter of a disease, which fits it for a discharge ; diges- 
tion. 

GOD, or GOD'FISH, n. A species of fish, of the genus 
gadus, inhabiting northern seas. 

GOD, 71. [Sax. 1. Any husk, envelop or case, con- 

taining the seeds of a plant ; a pod. 2. A bag ; the scro- 
tum. 3. A pillow ; [not in use.] 

t GOD, V. i. To inclose in a cod. Mm'timer. 

GOD'DED, a. Inclosed in a cod. Mortimer. 

GOD DER, n. A gatherer of cods or peas. Johnson 

G'OD'DY, a. Husky. Sliericood. 

CODE, 71. [L. codex, or caudex ; Fr. code.] 1. A collection 
of the laws and constitutions of the Roman emperors. 
2. Any collection or digest of laivs. 

GOD'GEB, n. A rustic ; a clown ; a miserly man. 

GOD'I-CIL, 71. [L. cGdicillus.] A wa iting by way of sup- 
plement to a will. 

GOD-l-CIL'LA-RY, a. Of the nature of a codicil. 

GO-DILLE', (co-dill') n. [Fr. cadille.] A term at ombre, 
when the game is won. 

GOD'LE, or GOD DLE, (kod dl) v.t. To parboil, or soften 
by the heat of water. 

t GOD'LE, V. t. To make much of. 

GOD'LING, or GOD'LIN, 7i. An aiiple codied; or one suit- 
able for codling, or used for that purpose. 

GOD'LIiNG, n. A young cod. 

GO-EF'FI-GA-CY, r^. Joint efficacy. 

GO-EF-FT"CrEN-CY, n. Coo[)eration ; joint power of two 
or more things or causes, acting to the sair ^ end. 

GO-EF-Fl"GlENT, a. Cooperating; acting in union to the 
same end. 


GO-EF-Fi"CIENT, n. 1. That w’hich unites in action %vith 
something else to produce the same efiect. — 3. In algebra, 
a number or known quantity put before letters, or quanti- 
ties, know'u or unknown, and into wdiicli it is sujiposed 
to be multiplied. — 3. In fluxions, the coeflicient of any 


* See Sij7iopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


COF 


158 COG 


generating term is the quantity which arises from the di- 
vision of that term by the generated quantity. 

eO-EF-FI''CIENT-LY, adv. By cooperation. 

CO“ELD'ER, n. An elder of the same rank. Trapp. 

CCB'LI-A€, or CE'LI-A€, o. [Gr. KoiXiaKog.] Pertaining 
to the belly, or to the intestinal canal. — Caliac artery is the 
artery which issues from the aorta just below the dia- 
phr'gm. — Cceliac passion^ the lientery, a flux or diarrhea 
of undigested food. — Cceliac vein, a vein of the intestinum 
rectum* 

eO-EMP'TION, n. [L. coemptio.] The act of purchasing 
the whole quantity of any commodity. 

€0-EN-J0Y', V. t. To enjoy together. Howell. 

€0-E aUAL, a. [L. con and equalis.] Equal with another 
person or thing of the same rank, dignity or power. 

CO-E/Q,(JAL, n. One who is equal to another. 

€0-E-Q,UAL'I-TY, n. The state of being equal with an- 
other; equality in rank, dignity or power. 

€0-E'0UAL-LY, adv. With joint equality. 

CO-ERCE', (co-ers') v. t. [L. coerceo.] 1. To restrain by 
force ; to keep from acting, or transgressing ; to repress. 
2. To compel ; to constrain. Dtcight. 

€0-ER'CED, (co-erst') pp. Restrained by force ; compelled. 

CO-ER'CI-BLE, a. That may or ought to be restrained or 
compelled. 

€0-ER'CING, ppr. Restraining by force ; constraining. 

CO-ER'CION, 71. Restraint, check, particularly by law or 
authority ; compulsion ; force. 

€0-ER'CIVE, a. 1. That has power to restrain, particularly 
by moral force, as of law or authority. 2. Compulsory ; 
constrEiining ; forcing. 

€0-ER'CIVE-LY, adv. By constraint. 

CO-ES-SEN'TIAL, a. Partaking of the same essence. 

CO-ES-SEN-TIAL'I-TY, n. Participation of the same es- 
sence. 

€0-ES-SEN'TIAL-LY, adv. In a coessential manner. 

CO-E-ST AB'LISH-MENT, n. Joint establishment. 

€0-E-Ta'NE OUS, a. \^, cocetancus i coetanean is rarely 
used.] Of the same age with another ; beginning to exist 
at the same time. 

CO-E-TERN'AL, a. Equally eternal with another. 

€0-E-TERN'AL-LY, adv. With equal eternity. 

CO-E-TERNT-TY, n. Existence from eternity equal with 
another eternal being ; equal eternity. 

CO-E'VAL, a. [L. cowvxls.] Of the same age ; beginning to 
exjst at the same time ; of equal age. 

CO-E'VAL, 71. One of the same age; one who begins to 
exjst at the same time. 

CO-E'VOUS, a. The same as coeval^ but not used. 

CO-EX-E€'U-TOR, n. A joint executor. 

CO-EX-IST', V. i. To exist at the same time with another. 

CO-EX-IST'ENCE, n. Existence at the same time with an- 
other. 

CO-EX-IST'ENT, a. Existing at the same time with an- 
other. 

CO-EX-TEND', V. i. To extend through the same space or 
duration with another; to extend equally. 

CO-EX-TEND'ED, pp. Being equally extended. 

CO-EX-TEND'ING, ppr. Extending through the same space 
or duration with another. 

CO-EX-TEN'SION, n. The act of extending equally, or the 
state of being equally extended. Hale. 

CO-EX-TEN 'SI VE, a. Equally extensive ; having equal 
extent. 

CO-EX-TEN'SIVE-NESS, n. Equal extension or extent. 

COFFEE, n. [Fr. caffe-, It. caffe ^ Sp. ca/c.] 1. The berry 
of a tree belonging to tlie genus coffea, growing in Arabia, 
Persia, and in other warm climates of Asia and America. 
2. A drink made from the berry of the coflce-tree, by de- 
coction. 

COF'FEfj-CUP, 71. A cup from which coffee is drank. 

COF'FEE-IIOUSE, n. L A liouse of entertainment, where 
guests are supplied with coffee and other refreshments. 
2. A house of entertainment; an inn; which in some 
cities is also an exchange. 

COF'FEE-MAN, n. One who kee^>s a coffee-house. 

COF’'FEE-POT, w. A covered pot in which coffee is boiled, 
or in which it is brought upon the table for drinking. 

COF'FER, n. [Fr.coffre.] 1. A chest or trunk. 2. A cliest 
of money ; a treasure. — 3. In architecture^ a squfire de- 
})ression or sinking in each interval between the niodil- 
iions of the Corinthian cornice. — 4. In fortification, a hol- 
low lodgment across a dry moat, from G to 7 feet deep, and 
from IG to 18 broad. 

COF'FER, V. t. To reposit or lay up in a coffer. 

COF’'FEREI), pp. Raid up in a coffer. 

COF'FER-ER, n. The cofferer of the king’s household in 
Great Britain was a principal officer of the court, next 
under the controller. 

COF'FIN, n. [Fr. coffre.] 1- The chest or box in which a 
dead Imtnan body is buried, or deposited in a vatilt. 2. A 
mold of paste for a pie. 3. A paper case, in the form of a 
cone, used by grocers. — 4. In farriery, the hollow part of 
a horse’s hoof ; or the whole hoof above the coronet, in- 


cluding the coffin-bone, which is a small spungy bone in 
the midst of the hoof. 

COF'FIN, V. t. To put in or inclose in a coffin. 

COF'FINED, pp. Inclosed in a coffin. 

€OF'FIN-Ma-KER, 71 . One who makes, or whose occupa- 
tion is to make coffins. 

€0-F0UND'ER, n. A joint founder. Weever. 

COG. v.t, [yv , coegiaw.] 1. To flatter; to wheedle; to 
s#«uce or draw from, by adulation or artifice. 2. To ob- 
trude or thrust in, by falsehood or deception. — To cog a 
die, to secure it so as to direct its fall ; to falsify ; to cheat 
in playing dice. 

COG, V. i. 1. To deceive ; to cheat ; to lie. Shak. 2. To 
willed I 0 

COG, 71 . [ VV. cocos.] The tooth of a wheel, by which it 
drives another wheel or body. 

COG, V. t. To fix a cog ; to furnish with cogs. 

COG'-WHEEL, 71 . A wheel furnished with cogs, by which 
it drives another wneel. 

COG, or COG'GLE, n. A boat ; a fishing boat. 

CO'GEN-CY, 71 . [L. cogens.] Force ; strength ; power of 
compelling ; literally, urgency, or driving. 

t CO-Ge'N 1-AL, for congenial. Warton. 

Co'GENT, a. [Se« Cogency.] 1. Forcible, in a physical 
sense. 2. Urgent ; pressing on the mind ; forcible ; pow- 
erful ; not easily resisted. 

CO'GENT-LY', adv. With urgent force ; with powerful im- 
pulse ; forcibly. Locke. 

COGGED, pp. Flattered ; deceived ; cheated ; thrust in 
deceitfully ; falsified ; furnished with cogs. 

COG'GER, 71. A flatterer, or deceiver. 

COG'GER-Y, 71. Trick ; falsehood. Watson. 

COG'GING, ppr. Wheedling; deceiving; cheating; in- 
serting deceitfully ; fixing cogs. 

COG'GING, n. Cheat; deception ; fallacy. Beaumont. 

COG'GLE-STONE, n. A small pebble. 

COG'I-TA-BLE, a. That may be thought on ; that may be 
meditated on. Johnson. 

COG'I-TATE, V. i. [L. cogito.] To think ; to meditate. 

COG-I-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The act of thinking ; thought ; med- 
itation ; contemplation. 2. Thought directed to an ob- 
ject; purpose. 

COG'I-TA-TIVE, a. 1. Thinking ; having the poAver of 
thinking, or meditating. 2. Given to thought, or contem- 
plation. 

COG'NATE, a. [L. cognatus.] 1. Allied by blood ; kindred 
-by birth. 2. Related in origin ; proceeding from the same 
stock ; of the same family. 3. Allied in the manner of 
formation or utterance ; uttered by the same organs. 

COG'NATE, n. In Scots law, any male relation through the 
mother. 

COG-Na'TION, n. [L. cognatio.] 1. In the civil law, kin- 
dred or natural relation between males and females, both 
descended from the same father ; as agnation is the rela- 
tion between males only descended from the same stock. 

2. Kindred ; relation by descent from the same original. 

3. Relation ; participation of the same nature. 

COG-NI"TION, n. [L. cogvitio.] Knowledge or certain 

knowledge, as from personal view or experience. 

COG NI-TIVE, a. Knowing, or apprehending by the un- 
derstanding. [RittZe used.] South. 

* COG'NI-ZA-BLE, or COGN'1-ZA-BLE, a. [Fr. eonnoie- 
sable.] 1. That falls under judicial notice ; that may be 
heard, tried and determined. 2. That falls or may fall 
under notice or observation ; that may be known, per- 
ceived or apprehended. 

* COG'NI-ZANCE, or COGN'I-ZANCE, 71. [Fr. connois- 
sance.] 1. Judicial notice or knowledge ; the hearing, trying 
and determining of a cause in court. 2. Jurisdiction, or 
right to try and determine causes. — 3. In law, an acknowl- 
edgment or confession. 4. A badge on the sleeve of a water- 
man or servant, by which he is known to belong to this or 
that nobleman or gentleman. 5. Knowledge or notice ; 
perception ; observation. G. Knowledge by recollection. 

* COG-NI-ZEE', or COGN-l-ZEE', v. One to whom a 
fine is acknowledged, or tlie plaintiff’ in an action for the 
assurance of land by fine. 

* COG-NI-ZOR', or COGN-I-ZOR', n. One who acknowl- 
edges the right of the cognizee, in a fine ; otherwise called 
the defendant, or deforciant. 

COG-NOM'I-NAL, a. [L. cognomen.] 1. Pertaining to a 
surname. 2. Having the same name. [Z-itzZe used.] 

I COG-NOM'I-NATE, v. t. To give a name. Cockeram. 

COG-NOM-I-Na'TION, 71. [L. cognomen.] A surname ; 
the name of a family ; a name given from any accident or 
quality ; as, Alexander the fh-eat. 

COG-NOS'CENCE, n. Knowledge ; the act or state of 
knowing. Little wseeZ.] 

COG-NOS'CENTE, n. [It. plu. cognoscenti.] One who is 
well versed in any thing ; a connoisseur. 

I €OG-NOS-CI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being cognos- 
cible. 

€OG-NOS'CI-BLE, a. That may be known. [/.. n.] Hale 


* See Synopsis, a, E, T, o, U, Y, lono.—VAU, FAIJ., WHAT PREY -—PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete. 


COI 


159 


COL 


€OG-NOS CI-TIVE, a. Having the power of knowing. 

€0GUAR, n. A carnivorous quadruped of America. 

€0-GUAKD'I-AN, n. A joint guardian. Kent. 

€0-HAB'lT, V. i. 1. To dwell with ; to inhabit or reside 
in company, or in the same place, or country. 2. To 
dwell or live together as husband and wife 3 usually or 
often applied to persons not legally married. 

€0-HAB'I-TANT, n. One who dwells with another, or in 
the same place. 

GO-HAB-I-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act or state of dwelling 
together or in the same place with another. 2. The state 
of living together as man and wife, without being legally 
married. 

GO-HEIR', (ko-air') n. fL. colutres.'^ A joint heir 5 one 
who succeeds to a share of an inheritance, which is to be 
divided among two or more. 

€0-HEIR'ESS, (ko-air'es) n. A female who inherits a share 
of an estate, which is to be divided among two or more 
heirs or heiresses ; a joint heiress. 

€0-HeRE', V. i. \1 j. cohcereo.^ 1. To stick together; to 
cleave ; to be united ; to hold fast, as parts of the same 
mass. 2. To be well connected ; to follow regularly in 
the natural order ; to be suited in connection ; as the parts 
of a discourse. 3. To suit ; to be fitted ; to agree. 

€0-He'RENCE, )ii. 1. A sticking, cleaving or hanging 

€0 He'REN-CY, I together; union of parts of the same 
b(xly, or a cleaving together of two bodies, by means of 
attraction. Locke. 2. Connection ; suitable connection or 
dependence, proceeding from the natural relation of parts 
or things to each other, as in the parts of a discourse ; 
con^stency. Locke. 

€0-Ue'RENT, a. 1. Sticking together; cleaving; as the 
parts of bodies, solid or fluid. 2. Connected ; united, by 
some relation in form or order. 3. Suitable, or suited ; 
regularly adapted. 4. Consistent ; having a due agree- 
ineiR of parts. 

€0-He'RENT-LY, adv. In a coherent manner; with due 
connection or agreement of parts. 

CO-HE-SI-BIL'I-TY, 71. The tendency of one part of mat- 
ter to unite with another. 

€0-He'SI-BLE, a. Capable of cohesion. 

€0-He'SI0N, 71. \\t. coesione.^ 1. The act of sticking to- 
gether ; the state of being united by natural attraction, as 
the constituent particles of bodies which unite in a mass, 
by a natural tendency ; one of the diflerent species of at- 
traction. 2. Connection ; dependence ; as the cohesion of 
ideas. But in this sense, see Coherence. 

C0-HE'6IVE, a. That has the power of sticking or cohe- 
ring ; tending to unite in a mass, and to resist separation. 

CO-He'SIVE-LY, adv. With cohesion. 

CO-He'SIVE-NESS, 71. The quality of being cohesive ; the 
quality of adhering together, as particles of matter. 

t CO-HIB'IT, V. t. [L. cohibeo.] To restrain. 

f €0-HI-BI"TI0N, 71. [L. cohibitio.] Hindrance ; restraint. 

Go'HO-BATE, V. t. [Port, cohorar.] Among chemists, to 
repeat the distillation of the same liquor, or that from the 
same body, pouring the liquor back upon the matter re- 
maining in the vessel. 

€0 HO-BA-TED, pp. Repeatedly distilled. 

€ 0 'HO-BA-TING, ppr. Distilling repeatedly. 

CO-HO-Ba'TION, n. [Sp. cohobacion.l The operation of 
repeatedly distilling the same liquor, or that from the same 
substance. 

€0-HoES', or CO-HoZE', n. A fall of water, or falls ; a 
word of Indian origin in America. 

Co'IIORT, 71. [L. cohors Fr. cohorte.'] 1. Among the Ro~ 
mans, a body of about five or six hundred men. — 2. In 
poetry, a band or body of warriors. 

t CO-HOR-Ta'TION, n. Exhortation ; encouragement. 

COIF, 71. [Fr. coiffe.^ A kind of caul, or cap, worn on the 
head. 

COIF, V. t. To cover or dress with a coif. 

COIFED, a. Wearing a coif. 

COIF'FURE, 71. [Fr.] A head-dress. Addison. 

COIGNE, for coin. See Coin, a corner. 

COIGNE, or COIN'Y, v. i. To live by extortion. [An Irish 
word.] Bryskett. 

COIL, V. t. [Fr. cueillir.] To gather, as a line or cord into 
a circular form ; to wind into a ring, as a serpent, or a 
rope. 

COIL, n. 1. A rope gathered into a ring. 2. A noise, tu- 
mult, bustle ; [not ^ised.] Bailey. 

COILED, pp. Gathered into a circular form, as a rope or a 
serpent. 

COIIj'ING, ppr. Gathering or winding into a ring or circle. 

COIN, n. [Fr. com.] 1. A corner ; a jutting point, as of a 
wall. 2. A wedge for raising or lowering a piece of ord- 
nance. 3. A wedge or piece of wood to lay between 
c.'Lsks on shipboard. 

COIN, n. [Sp. cuna ; Fr. coin.] 1. Money stamped ; apiece of 
metal, as gold, silver, copper, or other metal, converted into 
money, by impressing on it marks, figures or characters. — 
Current coin is coin legally stamped, and circulating in 
trade. — Ancient coins are chiefly those of the Jews, Greeks 


and Romans, which are kept in cabinets as curiosities,— 
2. In architecture, a kind of die cut diagonally, after the 
manner of a flight of a stair-case. 3. That which serves 
for payment. 

COIN, V. t. 1. To stamp a metal, and convert it into 
money ; to mint. 2. To make. 3. To make; to forge ; 
to fabricate. Dry den. 

COIN'AGE, or COIN'ING, n. I. The act, art or practice 
of stamping money. 2. Coin ; money coined ; stamped 
and legitimated metal for a circulating medium. 3. 
Coins of a particular stamp. 4. The charges or expense 
of coining money. 5. A making ; new production ; form- 
ation. 6. Invention ; forgery ; fabrication. 

CO-IN-ClDE', 7J. i. [Low L. coMicido.] 1. To fall or to meet 
in the same point, as two lines, or bodies ; followed by 
with. 2. To concur ; to be consistent with ; to agree. 

CO-IN'CI-DENCE, 71. 1. The falling or meeting of two cr 
more lines, surfaces or bodies in the same point. 2. Con- 
currence ; consistency ; agreement. 3. A meeting of 
events in time ; concurrence ; a happening at the same 
time. 

CO-IN'CI-DENT, a. 1. Falling on the same point ; meeting 
as lines, surfaces or bodies. 2. Concurrent; consistent; 
agreeaWe to. 

€0-IN-ClD'ER, 77. He or that which coincides or concurs. 

CO-IN -CID'ING, ppr. Meeting in the same point ; agreeing ; 
concurring. 

CO-IN-DI-Ca'TION, 77. [L. con and indicatio.] In medicine, 
a sign or symptom, which, with other signs, assists to 
show the nature of the disease, and the proper remedy ; a 
concurrent sign or symptom. 

COINED, pp. Struck or stamped, as money ; made ; invent- 
ed ; forged. 

COIN'ER, 77 . 1. One who stamps coin; a minter; a maker 
of money. 2. A counterfeiter of the legal coin ; a maker 
of base money. 3. An inventor or maker, as of words. 

COIN'ING, jppr. Stamping money; making; inventing; 
forging ; fabricating. 

t CO-IN'Q,UI-NATE, 7>. t. CL, coinquino.] To pollute. 

t CO-IN-aUI-NA'TION, 77 . Defilement. 

COIS'TRIL, u. 1. A coward ; a runaway. Shak. 2. A 
young lad. 

COIT, 77. A quoit, which see. 

COIT'ING. SceCluoiT. 

CO-I"TION, 77 . [L. coitio.] A coming together ; chiefly the 
venereal intercourse of the sexes ; copulation. 

CO-JOIN', V. t. [L. conjungo.] To join with another in the 
saine office. [Little usedT] Shak. 

CO-Ju'ROR, 77 . One who swears to another’s credibility. 

COKE, 77 . Fossil coal charred, or deprived of its bitumen, 
sulphur, or other extraneous or volatile matter, by fire. 

C6L'AN-DER, 77 . [L. colo.] A vessel with a bottom perfo- 
rated with little holes for straining liquors. In America, 
this name is given, I believe, exclusively to a vessel of 
tin, or other metal. In Great Britain, the name is given 
to vessels, like sieves, made with hair, osiers or twigs. 
Dryden. 

CO-La'TION, 77 . The act of straining, or purifying liquor, 
by passing it through a perforated vessel [Little used.] 

COL'A-TURE, 77 . The act of straining; the matter strain. 
[Little used,] 

COL'BER-TINE, n. A kind of lace worn by women. 

COL'CO-THAR, 77 . The brown-red oxyd of iron which re- 
mains after the distillation of the acid from sulphate of 
iron. 

Cold, «. [Sax. cald.\ 1. Not warm or hot ; gelid ; frigid ; 
a relative term. 2. Having the sensation of cold ; chill , 
shivering, or inclined to shiver. 3. Having cold qualities 

4. Frigid; wanting passion, zeal or ardor; indifferent, 
unconcerned ; not animated, or easily excited into action. 

5. Not moving; unaffecting; not animated ; not able to 
excite feeling ; spiritless. 6. Reserved ; coy ; not affec- 
tionate, cordial or friendly ; indicating indifference. 
7. Not heated by sensual desire. 8. Not hasty ; not vio- 
lent. 9. Not affecting the scent strongly. 10. Not having 
the scent strongly affected. Shak. 

€t)LD, 77 . [Sax. cele, cyl, cyle.] 1. The sensation produced 
in animal bodies by the escape of heat, and the conse- 
quent contraction of the fine vessels. Also, the cause of 
that sensation. 2. A shivering ; the effect of the contrac- 
tion of the fine vessels of the body ; chilliness, or chill- 
ness. 3. A disease ; indisposition occasioned by cold ; 

€oLD-BL60D'ED, a. 1. Having cold blood. 2. Without 
sensibility, or feeling. 

CoLD'-FINCH, 77 . A species of motacilla, a bird. 

€oLD'-HEXRT-ED, c. Wanting passion or feeling ; indif- 
fcrC/Ti t 

CoLD'-ilEXRT'ED-NESS, n. Want of feeling or sensi- 
bility. 

CoLD'LY, adv. In a cold manner; without warmth ; with- 
out concern ; without ardor or animation ; without appa- 
rent passion, emotion or feeling; with indifference or 
negligence. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UxNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


COL 


ino 


COL 


Col.D'NESS, n. 1. Want of ft%al. 2. Unconcern ; ifidif- i 
ference ; a frigid slate of teiujier ; want of ardor, zeal, 1 
eiiiotiiar, aniiiiTititm, or spirit, negligence, y. Want of 
apjKirent aifeclion, or kiinlness. 4. Coyness ; reserve; in 
dirterence. 5. Want of sensual desire ; frigidity' ; chastity. 

CdLLi'-cilvjU'J', a, liriule when c«du, as a metal. 

CCCE. fi. [fc'UX. cunl^ caicly or catcel.] 4 he^eneral name of 
all sortsof caliliage or brani>iva ; hut we generally use it in 
its conijKtunds, uile'iourty cuuUjUuccry &LC. 

COLE -aK>U£sE. See Coal MOUSE. 

COL'E-UI*-'J'ER, ) n. [Cr. aoAcwj and rrepov.] The cole- 

C. >L-E-Ul* TE-ltA, s opters, in Limie's system of ento- 
mology, are an order of inst;cts. 

CUL-ti.-v>P 'I'E-RAL, u. liaving wings covered with a case 
or sheath. 

C01-.E -l^EilCf], a. A stnall fish. 

CdLE'riELI), n. 1. The seed of the naveWy naptis saliva. 
'2. Cahhage seed. Mortimer. 

CdLL'-u oitT, n. A particular species of cole, brassicuy or 
cabbage. 

COL'iC, n. [L. colicu<i,] A severe pain in the bowels, of 
wliicM there are several varieties. 

COL'iC -\L j ■^^^'KCling the bowels. Milton. 

C'iL'iA, n, A bird of the partri«lge kind. 

j Cv)LL, 0 . t. 'J'o embrace. [See Collar.] Spenser. 

COl.-L.\PiSE', (kol-laps') V. i. [L. collapsus.] To fall to- 
gether, as the two sides of a vessel ; to%close by falling 
together. 

COL-LAl^'ED, (kol-lapst') pp. Fallen together; v-losed. 

CuL-LAP SION, 7t. A state of falling together; a state of 
vessels closed. 

COL'IjAH, II. [L collare.] 1. Something worn round the 
neck, as a ring of metal, or a chain. 2. Tlie part of a gar- 
ment wiiitli surnmnds the neck. 3. A part of a harness 
for the neck of a horse or other beast, used in. draught. — 
4. .Among seaineiiy the upper part of a stay ; also, a rope 
in form of a wreafh, to which a stay is confined. — I'o slip 
tne collar, is to escape or get free ; to disentangle one’s 
self from dirhculty, labor, or engagement. — .'V collar of 
bni'i)n, is the quantity bmind •![) in one parcel. 

COL EAR, V. t. 1. To seize by the collar. 2. To put a col- 
lar on. — To collar beef or other meat, is to roll it up and 
bind it close with a string. 

COL' L. A 11- AGE, n. A tax or fine, laid for the collars of 
wine-drawing horses. 

COL’LAK-HOxNE, n. The clavicle. 

COL'LAREl), pp. 1. Seized by the collar. 2. Having a col- 
lar on the neck. 

COL-L.A'l’Et, V. t. [L. collatum, collatus.'] 1. To lay to- 
gether and compare, by examining the points in which 
two or more things of a similar kind agree or disagree. 
2. To confer or bestow a benefice. 3. To bestow or con- 
fer. To pi or. 

C'JL La'J’E', V. i. To place in a benefice, as by a bishop. 

COL-IjA'TEI), pp. Laid together and compared ; examined 
by comparing ; presented and instituted, as a clergyman, 
to a benefice. 

COL-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. eollateralis.] 1. Being by the side, 
side by side, on the side, or side to side. — 2. In genealogy, 
descending from the same stock or ancestor, but not one 
from the other ; as distinguished from lineal. — 3. Collateral 
security is security for the performance of covenants or the 
payment of money, besides the principal security. 4. Run- 
ning parallel. 5. Eiftused on either side ; springing from 
relations. G. Not direct, or immediate. 7. Concurrent. 

COlj-L \T'ER-AL, II. A collateral relation or kinsman. 

COL-LA7’'ER-AL-LY, ado. 1. Side by side ; or by the side. 
2. Indirectly. 3. In collateral relation ; not in a direct 
line ; not lineally. 

COL-L Al''ER-AL-NESS, n. The state of being collateral. 

COL-L.AT'[NG,ppr. Comparing; presentingand instituting. 

COL-La'TION, n. 1. The act of bringing or laying together, 
and comparing; a comparison of one copy or thing of a 
like kind with another. 2. The act of conferring or be- 
stowing ; a gift. — 3. In the canon lam, the p.’‘esentation 
ol’a clercyman to a benefice by a bishop, who has it in his 
own gift or patronage. — 4. In common law, the presenta- 
tion of a copy to its original, and a comparison made by 
examination, to ascertain its conformity. 5. In Scots law, 
tlie rigid which an heir has of throwing the whole herita- 
ble and movable estates of the deceased into one mass, 
and sharing it equally with others who are of the same 
degree of kindred. G. A repast between full meals; as a 
cold collation . — Collation of seals denotes one seal set on 
the same label, on the reverse of another. 

GOL-LA-TF'TIOUS, a. Done by the contribution of many. 
Diet. 

€OL-LA'7’lVE, a. Advowsons are presentative, coUafive 
or donative. An advovv'son collative is where the bishop 
and patron are one and the same person. 

€OL-La'TOR, n. 1. One who collates or compares manu- 
scripts or cojiies of books. 2. One who collates to a bene- 
fice. 


€OIj-LAUD', v.t. [L. collaudo.] To unite in praising. 
[Little used.] Howell. 

COL'LkAGUE, (kolMeeg) n. [1 j. collega ; Fv. collegue.] A 
partner or associate in the sanr oBice, emplojanent or 
comunssiou, civil or ecclesiastical. 

€^)L-LKAGUE', (kol-leeg') v. t. or i. >To unite with in the 
same oliice. 

COL-LF:AGU'ED, (kol-leegd') pp. United as an associate in 
the same office. 

GOL'lii*: AGUE-SHIP, n. Partnership in office. 

UOL-LEOT , V. t. [L. colUgo, coll ectum .] 1. To gather, as 
separate persons or things, into one body or place ; to as- 
semble or bring together. 2. To gain by observation or 
information. 3. To gather from premises , to infer as a 
consequence. 4. 'I’o gather money or revenue from debt- 
ors ; to demand and receive. 5. To gather, as crops ; to 
reap, mow or pick, and secure in jiroper repositories. 
6. 'I o draw together ; to bring into united action. 7. To 
obtain from contribution. — To collect one2s sc//, is to re- 
cover from surprise, or a disconcerted state ; to gain C(an- 
mand over the thoughts, when dispersed ; over the pas- 
sions, when tumultuous ; or the mind, when dismayed. 

COL-LEGT', V. i. 'To run together ; to accumulate. 

UOL'LEGT, n. 1. A short comprehensive prayer ; a prayer 
adapted to a particular day or occasion. 2. A collection 
or gathering of money. [Little used.] 

€OL-LE€-TA'NE-OUfc?, a. [L. collectaneus.] Gathered; 
collected. 

COL-LE€T'ED, pp. 1. Gathered ; assembled ; congregated ; 
dravvMi together. 2. a. Recovered from surprise or dis- 
may ; not disconcerted ; cool ; firm ; prepared. 

UOL-fiE€T'ED-LY, ado. In one view; together; in one 
body. 

COL-LE€T'ED-NES?, n. A collected state of the mind ; 
recovery from surprise. 

€OL-LE€T'l-BLE, a. 1 . Thatmay be collected or gathered ; 
that may be inferred. 2. That may be gathered or re- 
covered ; as, the debts or taxes are or are not collectible. 

GOL-LEGT'ING, ppr. Gathering ; drawing together ; as- 
sembling. 

GOL-LEU'TION, n. 1. The act of gathering, or assembling. 
2. The body formed by gatliering ; an assemblage, or as- 
sembly ; a crowd. 3. A contribution ; a sum collected 
for a charitable purpose. 4. A gathering, as of matter in 
an abscess. 5. 'The act of deducing consequences ; rea- 
soning ; inference, [Little 'used.'] 6. A corollary ; a con- 
sectary ; a deduction from premises ; consequence. 7. A 
book compiled from other books, by the putting together 
of parts ; a complation. 

f €OL-LE€-Ti"TIOUS, a. Gathered up. 

GOL-LEG3'HVE, a. [L. collecthms.] 1. Formed by gather- 
ing ; gatherevl into a mass, sum, or body ; congregated, or 
aggregated. 2. Deducing consequences ; reasoning ; in- 
ferring. — 3. In grammar, expressing a number or multi- 
tude united. 

GOL-LEGT'IVE-LY, adv. In a mass, or body ; in a col- 
lected state ; in the aggregate ; unitedly ; in a state of 
combination. 

GOL-LEGTTVE-NESS, n. A state of union ; mass. 

GOL-LEGT'OR, n. 1. One who collects or gathers things 
which are scattered or separate. 2. A compiler ; one 
vvho gathers and puts together parts of books, or scattered 
pieces, in one book. — 3. In botany, one who gathers 
plants, without studying botany as a science. 4. An 
officer appointed and com.nissioned to collect and receive 
customs, duties, taxes or toll. 5. A bachelor of arts in 
Oxford, who is appointed to superintend some scholastic 
proceedings in Lent. 

GOL-LEGT'OR-SHIP, n. 1. The office of a collector of cus- 
toms or taxes. 2. The jurisdiction of a collector. 

GOL-LEG'A-TA-RY, ??. In the civil law, a person wlio lias 
a legacy left to him in common with one or more other 
persons. 

GOLTjEGE, n. [L. collegium.] 1. In a general sense, a col- 
lection, assemblage or society of men, invested with cer- 
tain povvers and rights, performing certain duties, or 
engaged in some common employment, or pursuit. — 2. In 
a particular sense, an assembly ffir a jiolitical or ecclesias- 
tical purpose. — In Great Britain and the United States of 
jiinerica, n society of physicians is called a co7/c<r(!. 
also there are colleges of surgeons, &C. 3. An edifice ap- 
propriated to the use of students, who are acquiring the 
languages and sciences. 4. The society of persons en- 
gaged in the pursuits of literature, including the officers 
and students. — 5. In foreign universities, a public lec- 
ture. 

GO L' LEG E-LIKE, n. Regulated after the manner of a 
college. 

COL-TiF.'GI-AL, a. Relating to a college ; belonging to a 
college ; having the properties of a college. 

GOL-Lic'Gl-AN, V. A member of a college, particularly of 
a literary institution so called ; an inhabitant of a college. 

GOL-Lf/GI-.ATE, a. 1. Pertaining to a college. 2. Con- 
taining a college ; instituted after the manner of a college. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, 6, tJ, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ITiN, MARINE, BIRD 3— f Obsolete. 


COL 


161 COL 


3. A collegiate church is one that has no bishop’s see, 
but has the ancient retinue of a bishop, canons and preb- 
ends. 

€OL-LE 6T-ATE, n. The member of a college. 

COL'LET, n. [Fr. collet.] 1. Among jewelers, the hori- 
zontal face or plane at the bottom of brilliants j or the part 
of a ring in which the stone is set. — 2. In glass-making, 
that part of glass vessels which sticks to the iron instru- 
ment used in taking the substance from the melting-pot. 
3- Anciently, a band or collar. 4. A term used by turn- 
ers, 

COL-LET/I€, a. Having the property of gluing ; agglutin- 
ant. 

COL-LET/I€, n. [Gr. KoWrjriKog.] An agglutinant. 
COL-LiDE*, V. i. [L. collido.] To strike or dash against each 
other. Brown. 

€OLL'IER, (kol'yer) n. 1. A digger of coal ; one who works 
in a coal-mine. 2. A coal-merchant or dealer in coal. 3. A 
coasting vessel employed in the coal trade. 

€OLL'IER-Y, (kol'yer-y) n. 1. The place where coal is dug. 

[Sec Coal2ry.] 2. The coal trade. 

€OL'LI-FLOW-ER. See Cauliflower. 

COL'LI-GATE, v. t. [L. colligo.] To tie or bind together. 
COULI-GA-TED, pp. Tied or bound together. 
COL'LI-GA-TING, ppr. Binding together. 
€OL-LI-Ga'TION, n. A binding together. 
€OL-LI-MA<TION, n. [L. collimo.] The act of aiming at a 
mark ; aim. 

COL-LIN-E- action, n. [L. collineo.] The act of aiming, 
or directing in a line to a fixed object, 
t COL'LING, n. [L. collum ] An embrace 5 dalliance. Chau- 
cer. 

€OL-LIQ,/UA-BLE, a. That may be liquefied, or melted j 
liable to melt. 

COL-LICl’UA-MENT, n. 1. The substance formed by melt- 
ing : that which is melted. 2. The fetal part of an egg. 
3. The first rudiments of an embryo in generation. 
€OL'LI-Q,UANT, a. That has the power of dissolving or 
melting. 

COL'LI-dUATE, V. i. [L. colliqueo.] To melt j to dissolve j 
to change from solid to fluid ; to become liquid. 
€OL'LI-Q,UATE, v. t. To melt or dissolve. 
COULI-Q.UA-TED, pp. Melted j dissolved ; turned from a 
solid to a fluid substance. 

GOL'LI-Q,UA-TING, ppr. Melting; dissolving. 
€OL-LI-Q,TJa'TION, n. 1. The act of melting. 2. A dis- 
solving, flowing or wasting. 

€OL-LIU'UA-TlVE, fl. Melting; dissolving; appropriately, 
indicating a morbid discharge of the animal fluids. 
€OL-LIQ,-UE-F AC'TION, n. [L. colliquefacio.] A melting 
together ; the reduction of different bodies into one mass 
by fusion. 

€OL-LI''SION, n. [L. collisio.] 1. The act of striking to- 
gether ; a striking together 01 two hard bodies. 2. The 
state of being struck together ; a clashing. 3. Opposition; 
interference. 4. A running against each other, as ships 
at sea. Marshal. 

COL'LO-CATE, v. t. [L. colloco.] To set or place ; to set ; 
to station. 

f, OL'LO-€ATE, a. Set ; placed. Bacon. 

COL'LO-CA-TED, pp. Placed. 

COL/LO-CA-TING, ppr. Setting ; placing. 
COL-LO-Ca'TION, n. [L. collocatio.] 1. A setting; the 
act of placing ; disposition in place. 2. The state of being 
placed, or placed with something else. 

€OIi-LO-€C'TION, n. [L. colloc7itio.] A speaking or con- 
vc'^sing together ; conference ; mutual discourse. 
€OL-LO-€u'TOR, n. One of the speakers in a dialogue. 
t€OL-LoGUE', V. t. To wheedle. 
t€OL-LoGU'lNG, n. Flattery; deceit. Burton. 

GOL'LOP, n. 1. A small slice of meat ; a piece of flesh; a 
thick piece or fleshy lump. 2. In burlesque, a child. 
€OL-Lo'QUI-AL, a. Pertaining to common conversation, 
or to mutual discourse. 

OOL'LO-OUIST, n. A speaker in a dialogue. 

€OL LO-Q,UY, n. [L. colloqumm.] Conversation ; mutual 
discourse of two or more ; conference ; dialogue. 
COL'LOW. See Colly. 

€OIi-LUG'TAN-CY, 71. [L. coll 7 ictor.] A struggling to re- 
sist ; a striving against; resistance; opposition of na- 
ture. 

€OL-LU€-Ta'TION, 71. A struggling to resist; contest; 

resistance ; opposition ; contrariety. 

€OL-LuDE', V. i. [L. colludo.] To play into the hand of 
each otlier ; to conspire in a fraud ; to act in concert. 
€OL-LuD'ER, n. One who conspires in a fraud. j 

GOL-LuD'ING, ppr. Conspiring with another in a fraud. 
COL-LfiD'ING, 71. A trick ; collusion. 

COL-LU'SION, 71. [L. collusio.] 1. In law, a deceitful agree- 
ment or compact between two or more persons, for the 
one party to bring an action against the other, for some 
evil purpose. 2. A secret agreement for a fraudulent 
purpose. I 


COL-LC^SIVE, a. Fraudulently concerted between two or 
more. 

COL-Ltj*SIVE-LY, adv. By collusion; by secret agree- 
ment to defraud. 

COL-LC’SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being collusive. 

COIi-Lu'SO-R Y, a. Carrying on a fraud by a secret con- 
cert ; containing collusion. 

COLDLY, or COL'IiOW, «. The black grime or soot of coal 
or burnt wood. 

COL'LY, V. t. To make foul ; to grime with the smut of coal. 

COL'LY-RITE, 71 . [Gr. xoAAaptov.] A variety of clay, of a 
white color. 

COL-LYR'I-UM, n. [L.] Eye-salve; eye-wash; a topical 
remedy for disorders of the eyes. 

COL'MAR, 71. [Fr.] A sort of pear. 

COL'O-CYNTH, n. [Gr. /coAo/ci;v0ij.] The coloqiiintida, or 
bitter apple of the shops. 

CO-LoGNE'-EARTII, 71 . A kind of light bastard ochre, of 
a deep brown color. 

CO-LOM'BO, 71. A root from Colombo in Ceylon. 

Co'LON, 71. [Gr. xwAov.] 1. In anato7ny, the largest of the 
intestines, or rather the largest division of the intestinal 
canal. — 2. In grammar, a point or character formed thus 
[ : ] , used to mark a pause greater than that of a semico- 
lon, but less than that of a period. 

COL'ONEL, (kuFnel) n. [Fr. colonel.] The chief command- 
er of a regiment of troops. 

COL'ONEL-CY, (kur'nel-sy) \ 71 . The office, rank or 

COL^ONEL-SHIP, (kur'nel-ship) ^ commission of a colo- 
nel. Swift. Washmgton. 

CO-Lo'NI-AL, a. Pertaining to a colony. 

t €0-L0JV'I-€AL, a. Relating to husbandmen. Spehnan. > 

COL'O-NIST, n. An inhabitant of a colony. 

€OL-0-NI-Za'TION, 71. The act of colonizing, or state of 
being colonized. 

COL'O-NiZE, V. t. 1. To plant or establish a colony in ; to 
plant or settle a number of the subjects of a kingdom or 
state in a remote country, for commercial or other pur- 
poses. 2. To migrate and settle in, as inhabitants. 

COL'O-NiZED, pp. Settled or planted with a colony. 

COL'O-NIZ-ING, ppr. Planting with a colony. 

COL'O-NiZ-ING, 71. The act of establishing a colony. 

COL-ON-NaDE', 71. [It. colo7inata.] 1. In archltect7ire, a 
peristyle of a circular figure, or a series of columns, dis- 
posed in a circle, and insulated within side. 2. Any series 
or range of columns. A polyst7jle colonnade is a range of 
columns too great to be taken in by the eye at a single 
view. 

€0L'0-NY, 71. [L. colo7iia.] 1. A company or body of peo- 
ple transplanted from their mother country to a remote 
province or country to cultivate and inhabit it, and re- 
maining subject to the jurisdiction of the parent state. 2. 
The country planted or colonized ; a plantation ; also, the 
body of inhabitants in a territory colonized, including tJie 
descendants of the first planters. 3. A collection of ani- 
mals. 

€OL'0-PHON, 71. [from a city of Ionia.] The conclusion of 
a book, formerly containing the place or year, or both, of 
its publication. 

€0L'0-PH0N-ITE, 71. A variety of garnet. 

* €0L'0-PH0-NY, 71. In pharmacy,\)\'A.ek resin or turpen- 
tine boiled in water and dried. 

€0L-0 Q,UINTT-DA, 71 . [Gr. xoXoxw0is'.] The colocynth 
or bitter apple. 

GOL'OR, 71. [L. color ; It. colore ; Sp., Port, color ; Fr. 
couleur.] 1. In physics, a property inherent in light, 
which, by a difference in the rays and the laws of refrac- 
tion, or some other cause, gives to bodies particular ap- 
pearances to the eye. The principal colors are red, orange, 
yellow, green, blue, indigo, and viiffet. 2. Appearance 
of a body to the eye, or a quality of Sensation, caused by 
the rays of light ; hue ; dye. 3. A red color ; the fresh- 
ness or appearance of blood in the face. 4. Appearance 
to the mind. 5. Superficial cover ; palliation ; that which 
serves to give an appearance of right. 6. External a}>- 
pearance ; false show ; pretense ; guise. 7. Kind ; spe- 
cies ; character ; complexion. 8. That which is used for 
coloring ; paint ; as red lead, ochre, orpiinent, cinnabar, 
or vermilion, &c. 9. CoZor^, with a plural termination, in 
the military art, a flag, ensign or standard, borne in an 
army or fleet. [See Flag.] — 10. In law, color, in pleading, 
is when the defendant in assize or trespass gives to the 
plaintiff a color or appearance of title, by stating his title 
specially ; thus removing the cause from the jury to the 
court. — Water-colors are such as are used in painting witli 
gum-water or size, without being mixed with oil. 

€oL'OR, V. t. 1. To change or alter the external appearance 
of a body or substance ; to dye ; to tinge ; to paint ; to 
stain. 2. To give a specious appearance ; to set in a fair 
light ; to palliate ; to excuse. 3. To make plausible ; to 
exaggerate in representation. — To color a stra7iger^s goods, 
is when a freeman allows a foreigner to enter goods at the 
custom-house in his name, to avoid the alien’s duty. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | ObsoleU 


COM 


162 COM 


€!6L'OR, V. i. To blush. 

€6L'OR-A-BLE, a. Specious j plausible ; giving an appear- 
ance of right or justice. 

C6L'OR-A-BLY, adv. Speciously ; plausibly ; with a fair 
external appearance. Bacon. 

COL'OR-ATE, a. [L. coloratusA Colored; dyed ; or tinged 
with some color. \^Littlc used.] 

C6L-0R-a'T10N, n. [L. color o.] The art or practice of col- 
oring, or the state of being colored. 

C6L'OR-A-TLFRE, n. In music^ all manner of variations, 
trills, &c., intended to make a song agreeable. 

COL'ORED, pp. 1. Having the external appearance chang- 
ed ; dyed ; tinged ; painted or stained. 2. Streaked ; strip- 
ed ; having a diversity of hues. 3. Having a specious ap- 
pearance. — Colored people, black people, Africans or their 
descendants, mixed or unmixed. 

COL-OR-IF'IC, a. [color, and L. facio.] That has the 
quality of tinging ; able to give color or tint to other 
bodies. 

€6L'OR-ING, ppr. 1. Dyeing ; staining; tinging. 2. Giv- 
ing a fair external appearance ; palliating ; excusing. 

€6L'OR-ING, n. 1. The act or art of dyeing ; the state of 
being colored ; color. 2. A specious appearance ; fair ar- 
tificial representation. — 3. Among painters, the manner of 
applying colors ; or the mixture of light and shade, formed 
by the various colors employed. 

GOL'OR-IST, 72. One who colors ; a painter who excels in 
giving the proper colors to his designs. 

CoL^OR-LE^, a. Destitute of color; not distinguished by 
any hue ; transparent. 

€0-L0S'SAL, \a. Like a colossus; very large; huge; 

€OL-OS-Si£'AN, I gigantic. 

€0-LOS'SUS, n. [L.] A statue of a gigantic size. The 
most remarkable colossus of antiquity was one at Rhodes. 

GO-LOS'SUS-VVISE, adv. In the manner of a colossus. 

L'OL'STAFF, n. A staff for carrying burdens by two on 
their shoulders. [Local.] 

€oLT, 11. [t?ax. colt.] 1. The young of the equine genus 
of animals, or horse kind. — In America, colt is equally ap- 
plied to the male or female. The male is called a horse- 
colt, and the female is called a filly. 2. A young, foolish 
fellow ; a person without experience or stability. 

I €oLT, V. i. To frisk, riot or frolick, like a colt ; to be li- 
centious. Spenser. 

t€oLl', V. t. To befool. Shah. 

€oLT’S-FOOT, n. A genus of plants, the tussilaffo. 

€oLT’S-T66 TH, n. 1. An imperfect or superfluous tooth 
in young horses. 2. A love of youthful pleasure ; [little 
used.] 

€oL'TER, 72 . [L. culter.] The fore iron of a plough, with a 
sharp edge, that cuts the earth or sod. 

€oLT'ISH, a. Like a colt ; wanton ; frisky ; gay. 

GOL'U-BER, 72 . [L.l In zoology, a genus of serpents. 

COL'U-BRINE, a. [L. coluhrinus .] Relating to the coluber, 
or to serpents ; cunning; crafty. [Little used.] 

GOL'(JM-BA-RY, n. [L. columbarium.] A dove-cot ; a 
pigeon-house. 

GO-LUiM'BATE, n. A salt, or compound of columbic acid 
with a base. 

€0-LUM'BI-AN, a. Pertaining to the United States, or to 
America, discovered by Columbus. 

CO-LUM'BIC, a. Pertaining to columbium. 

€OL-UM-BIF'£R-OUS, a. Producing or containing colum- 
bium. 

COL'UjM-BINE, a. Like or pertaining to a pigeon or dove ; 
of a dove-color, or like the neck of a dove. 

COL'UM-BINE, 72 .. [L. columbina.] Aquilegia, a genus of 
plants of several species. 

€0-LUM'BITE, 72. The ore of columbium. 

CO-LUM'BI-UM, 71 . A metal first discovered in an ore or 
oxyd found at New London, in Connecticut. 

CO-LUM'BO. See Colombo. 

COL'U-MEL, 77. In botany, the central column in a capsule, 
taking its rise from the receptacle, and having the seeds 
fixed to it all round. 

COL'UMN, (koPlum) 77. [T. columna, columen.] 1 . In ar- 
chitecture, a long, rottnd body of wood or stone, used to 
support or adorn a building, composed of a base, a shaft 
arid a capital. 2. An erect or elevated structure resem- 
bling a column in architecture. 3. Any body pressing 
perpendicularly on its base, and of the same diameter as 
its base. — 4. In the military art, a large body of troops 
drawn up in order. — 5. Among printers, a division of a 
page ; a perpendicular set of lines separated from another 
set by a line or blank space. 

CO-LUM'NAR, a. Formed in columns ; having the form of 
columns ; like the shaft of a column. 

€0-LUM'.VAR-ISH, a. Somewhat resembling a column. [A 
bad word.] 

CO-LuRE'^ 72. [Gr. xoXoupo?.] In astronomy and geoffra- 
phv, the colures are two great circles supposed to intersect 
each other at right angles, in the poles of the world. 

€OM, in composition, as a prefix, Ir. comh, or coimh, W. cijm, 
or cyv, L. com, or cum, denotes with, to or against. 


Co'MA, n. [Gr. Kuipa.] Lethargy ; dozing ; a preternatural 
propensity to sleep. 

Co'MA, n. f L.] 1. In botany, a species of bracte, terminat- 
ing the stem of a plant, in a tuft or bush. — ^2. In astrono^ 
my, hairiness ; the hairy appearance that surrounds a 
comet, when the earth or the spectator is between the 
co^met and the sun. 

fGo'MART, 77. A treaty ; article; agreement. Shah. 

Go'MATE, a. [L. comatus.] Hairy ; encompassed with a 
coma^ or bushy appearance, like hair. 

€0'-MaTE, 77 . A fellow mate, or companion. Shah. 

Go'MA-T’OSE, ) a. Preternatu rally disposed to sleep ; 

€o'MA-TOUS, I drowsy ; dozing, without natural sleep ; 
lethargic. 

t €oMB, 72. [Sax.] A valley between hills or mountains. 

€oMB, (koine) n. [Sax. camb.] 1. An instrument, with 
teeth, for separating, cleansing and adjusting hair, wool, 
or flax. 2. The crest, caruncle, or red fleshy tuft, growing 
on a cock’s head. 3. The substance in which bees lodge 
their honey. 4. A dry measure of four bushels. 

€oMB, (koine) v. t. To separate, disentangle, cleanse, and 
adjust with a comb. 

€oMB, V. i. In the language of seamen, to roll over, as the 
top of a wave. 

{ €oMB'-BiRD, 77 . A gallinaceous fowl of Africa. 

' €oMB'-BRUSH, n. A brush to clean combs. 

I CoMB'-Ma-KER, 77. One whose occupation is to make 
j combs. 

I *COM'BAT, V. i. [Fr. combatttre.] 1. To fight ; to struggle 
or contend with an opposing force. 2. To act in opposi- 
tion. 

*€OM'BAT, V. t. 1. To fight with ; to oppose by force. 2. 
To contend against ; to oppose ; to resist. 

* GOM'BAT, 72. 1. A fighting ; a struggling to resist, over- 
throw or conquer ; contest by force ; engagement ; battle. 
2. A duel ; a fighting between two men ; formerly, a 
formal trial of a doubtful cause, or decision of a controver- 
sy between two persons, by swords or batoons. 

€OM-BAT'A-BLE, a. That may be disputed, or opposed. 
[Modern.] 

* COM'BAT-ANT, a. Contending; disposed to contend. 

^ €OM'BAT-ANT, n. 1. A person who combats ; any per- 
son who fights with another, or in an army, or fleet. 2. A 
duelist ; one who fights or contends in battle, for the de- 
cision of a private quarrel or difference ; a champion. 3. A 
person who contends with another in argument, or con- 
troversy. 

* €OM'BAT-ED, pp. Opposed; resisted. Locke. 

*€0M'BAT-ER, 77 . One who fights or contends. 

^€OM'BAT-ING, ppr. Striving to resist ; fighting; oppos- 
ing by force or by argument. 

GoMBED, pp. Separated, cleaned, or dressed with a 
comb. 

GoMB'ER, 77 . One who combs ; one whose occupation is to 
comb wool, &c. 

fGOM'BER, 77 . Incumbrance. 

GOM'BER, 72. A long, slender fish, with a red back, found 
in Cornwall, England. 

GOM-BlN'A-BLE, a. Capable of combining. 

t COM'Bl-NATE, a. Espoused ; betrothed Shak. 

GOM-BI-Na'TION, 72. [Fr. combinaison.] 1. Intimate 
union, or association of two or more persons or things. 
2. An assemblage ; union of particulars. 3. Commixture ; 
union of bodies or qualities in a mass or compound. 4. 
Chemical union ; union by affinity. — 5. In mathematics, 
the union of numbers or quantities in every possible man- 
ner ; or the variation or alteration of any number of quan- 
tities, letters, sounds, or the like, in all the different man- 
ners possible. 

COM-BINE', V. t. [Fr. combiner.] 1. To unite or join two 
or more things ; to link closely together. 2. To agree ; to 
accord ; to settle by compact ; [72ot 7752227 /.] 3. To join 

words or ideas together ; opposed to analyze. 4. To cause 
to unite ; to bring into union or confederacy. 

GOM-BTNE', V. i. 1. To unite, agree or coalesce. 2. To 
unite in friendship or design ; to league together. 3. To 
unite by affinity, or natural attraction. 4. To confederate ; 
to unite as nations. 

GOM-BlN'ED, (kom-bind') pp. United closely ; r.ssociated ; 
leagued ; confederated ; chemically united. 

COM-BTN'ER, n. The person or thing that combines. 

CoMB'ING, ppr. Separating and adjusting hair, wool, &c. 

CoMB'TNG, 72. Borrowed hair combed over a bald part of 
the head. [Local.] 

GOM-BTN'ING, ppr. Uniting closely; joining in purpose; 
confederating ; uniting by chemical affinity. 

GoMB'LESS, a. Without a comb or crest. 

COM-BUST', a. [L. combustus.] When a planet is in con- 
junction with the sun, or apparently very near it, it is said 
to be co'^bitsf, or in combustion. 

GOM-BUST'I-BLE, a. [Fr. combustible.] That will take 
fire and biirn ; capable of catching fire. 

GOM-BUST'I-BLE, n. A substance that will take fire and 
burn. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, o, u, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete 


COM 


163 


COM 


€OM-BUST'I-BLE-NESS, or €OM-BUST-I-BlLa-TY, n. 
The quality of taking fire and burning. 

COM-BUS'TfON, (korn-bus'chun) ?/•. [Low L. covibustioJ] 

1. The operation of fire on inflammable substances. 2. A 
burning ; the processor action of fire in consuming a body, 
attended with heat, or lieat and flame. 3. Conflagration ; 
•a great fire. 4. Tumult ; violent agitation, with hurry and 
noise ; confusion ; uproar. 

t COM-BUS'7'IVE, a. Disposed to take fire. Bp, Oauden, 

C6ME, (kum) v. i. ,* pret. came, part, covie. [Sax. cuman. ] 1. 
To move towards ; to advance nearer, from any distance. 

2. To draw nigh ; to approach ; to arrive ; to be present. 

3. To advance and arrive at some state or condition ; as, 
the ships came to action. 4. To happen or fall out ; as, 
how comes that ? 5. To advance or move into view ; to 
appear. 6. To sprout, as plants ; to spring. 7, To become. 
8. To appear or be formed, as butter. 9. Coyne, in the im- 
perative, is used to excite attention, or to invite to motion 
or joint action ; come, let us go. 

To come about, to happen ; to fall out ; to come to pass ; to 
arrive. — To come about, to turn ; to change ; to come 
round. — To come agum, to return, — To come after, to fol- 
low. Also, to come to obtain. — To come at, to reacli ; to 
arrive within reach of; to gain ; to come so near as to be 
able to take or possess* — To come aicay^ to depart from ; 
to leave ; to issue from. — To come back, to return. — To 
come by, to pass near. Also, to obtain, gain, acquire. Dry- 
den. — To come down, to descend. Also, to be humbled or 
abased. — To come for, to come to get or obtain ; to come 
after. — To come forth, to issue or proceed from. Also, to 
depart from; to leave. Also, to come abroad. — To come 
from, to depart from ; to leave. — To come in, to enter, as 
into an inclosure ; to comply ; to yield ; to arriv’^e at a port, 
or place of rendezvous ; to become fashionable ; to be 
brought into use ; to enter as an ingredient or part of a 
composition ; to grow and produce ; to come to maturity 
and yield. — To come in for, to arrive in time to take a 
share. — To come into, to join with; to bring help; to 
agree to ; to comply with. — To come near, to approach. — 
7’o come yiigh is used in like senses. — To come no near., in 
t eamanship, is an order to the helmsman not to steer so 
close to the wind. — To come of, to issue from ; to proceed 
from, as a descendant. — To come off, to depart from ; to 
remove from on. Bacon. To escape ; to get free. — To 
come off from, to leave ; to quit. — To come on, to advance ; 
to proceed ; to fall on ; to happen to. — To come over, to 
pass above or across, or from one side to another ; to pass 
from one party, side or army, to another ; to change sides. 
— To come out, to depart or proceed from ; to become pub- 
lic ; to escape from concealment or privacy ; to be discov- 
ered. — To come out of, to issue forth, as from confine- 
ment, or a close place ; to proceed or depart from. — To 
come out icith, to give publicity to ; to disclose. — To come 
short, to fail ; not to accomplish. — To come to, to consent 
or yield ; to amount to ; to recover, as from a swoon. — To 
come together, to meet or assemble. — To come to pass, to 
be ; to happen ; to fall out ; to be effected. — To come up, 
to ascend ; to rise ; to spring ; to come into use. — To come 
up the capstern, in seamanship, is to turn it the contrary 
way, so as to slacken the rope about it. — To come up the 
tackle fall, is to slacken it gently . — To come yip to, to ap- 
proach near ; to amount to ; to advance to ; to rise to. — 
To come up icith, to overtake. — To come upon, to fall on ; 
to attack or invade. — To come, in futurity ; to happen 
hereafter. — Come, come, the repetition of come, expresses 
haste, or exhortation to hasten. Sometimes it introduces 
a threat. 

|C6ME, n. A sprout. Mortimer. 

C6MF^-OFF, V. Means of escape ; evasion ; excuse. 

€0-Mic'DI-AN, V. 1. An actor or player in comedy ; or a 
player in general, male or female. 2. A writer of comedy. 

€OM'E-DY, 71. [L. comcedia.] A dramatic composition in- 
tended to represent human characters, which are to be 
imitated in language, dress and manner, by actors on a 
stage, for the amusement of spectators. 

C6ME'LI-IjY, (kum'le-ly) adv. In a suitable or decent man- 
ner. \ Little used.] Sherwood. 

€0ME'LT-NESS, (kum'le-nes) n. That which is becoming, 
fit or suitable, in form or manner. 

CoME'LY, (kumly) a. 1. Properly, becoming; suitable: 
whence, handsome ; graceful. 2. Decent ; suitable ; prop- 
er ; becoming ; suited to time, place, circumstances or per- 
sons. 

CoMRTiY, (kumMy) aav. Handsomely ; gracefully. 

CoM'ER, n. One that comes; one who approaches; one 
who has arrived and is present. 

€OM-ES-Sa'TION, 11 . [L. comessatio.] Feasting or revel- 
ing. 

t €0-MES'TI-BLE, a. [Fr.] Eatable. TVotton. 

COM'ET, 71. [L. cometa.] An opaque, spherical, solid body, 
like a planet, but accompanied with a train of light, per- 
forming revolutions about the sun, in an elliptical orbit, 
having the sun in one of its foci. 

COM'ET, 71. A game at cards. Southerne. 


1 71. A machine exhibiting an .dea of 
) the revolution of a comet round the 


€OM-ET-AtRT-UM, 

€OM'ET-A-RY^ 
sun. 

'CX3M'ET-A-RY^ a. Pertaining to a comet. Chtync^ 

EO-MET'IC, Relating to a comet. 

€OM'ET-LIKE^ a. Resembling a comet. Shak. 

COM-ET-OG'RA-PIIY, n. [comet, and Cr. ypnipw.] A de- 
scription or treatise of comets. 

€6M'FIT, or €6M»FI-TURE, 77. [D. konfyt ; Fr. conft, 
confiture.] A dry sweet meat; any kind of fruit or root 
preserved with sugar and dried. 

CoM'FIT, V. t. To preserve dry with sugar. 

€6M'FIT-Ma-KEK, n. One who makes or prepares comfits. 

€6M'F0RT, V. t. [LoW L. conforto.] 1. To strengthen ; to 
invigorate; to cheer or enliven. 2. To strengthen the 
mind when depressed or enfeebled ; to console ; to give 
new vigor to the spirits ; to cheer, or relieve from depres- 
sion, or trouble. — 3. In law, to relieve, assist or encourage, 
as the accessory to a crime after the fact. 

CoM'FORT, 71. 1. Relief from pain ; ease ; rest or moderate 
pleasure after pain, cold, or distress, or uneasiness of body. 
2. Relief from distress of mind ; the ease and quiet which 
is experienced when pain, trouble, agitation or affliction 
ceases ; consolation. 3. Support ; consolation under ca- 
lamity, distress or danger. 4. That which gives strength 
or support in distress, difficulty, danger, or infirmity. — 
.5. In law, support ; assistance ; countenance ; encourage- 
ment. 6. That which gives security from want, and fur- 
nishes moderate enjoyment. 

CoM'FORT- A-BLE, a. 1. Being in a state of ease, cr mod- 
erate enjoyment, as a person after sickness or i)ain. "This 
is the most common use of the word in the United States. 
2, Admitting comfort ; tiiat may afford comfort. 3. Giv- 
ing comfort ; affording consolation. 4. Placing above 
want, and affording moderate enjoyment. 

CoM'FORT- A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of enjoying comfort. 

CoM'FORT-A-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner to give comfort 
or consolation. 2. With comfort, or cheerfulness ; with- 
out despair. 

€6M'FORT-ED, pp. Strengthened ; consoled ; encouraged. 

CoM'FORT-ER, n. l.One who administers comfort or con- 
solation ; one who strengthens and supports tlie mind in 
distress or danger. 2. The title of the Holy Spirit, whose 
office it is to comfort and support the Christian. 

fCoM'FORT-FTJL, a. Full of comfort. 

G6M'FORT-ING, ppr. Giving strength or spirits ; giving 
ease ; cheering ; encouraging ; consoling. 

C6M'FORT-LESS, a. Without comfort. 

CoM'FORT-RESS, n. A female that affords comfort. 

CoM'FREY, 

COM'FRY, 


n. A genus of plants, the symphytum. 

COM'IC, fl. [L. coTTjicMS.] 1. Relating to comedy, ns distinct 
from tragedy. 2. Raising mirth ; fitted to excite merri- 
ment. 

COM'I-CAL, a. 1. Relating to comedy ; comic. 2. Exciting 
mirth ; diverting ; sportive ; droll. 

COM'l-CAL-LY,adu. 1. In a manner befitting comedy. 2. 
In a comical manner ; in a manner to raise mirth. 

COM'I-CAL-NESS, n. The quality of being comical ; the 
power or quality of raising mirth. 

CoM'ING, ppr. 1. Drawing nearer, or nigh; approaching; 
moving towards ; advancing. 2. a. Future ; yet to come. 


3. Forward ; ready to come. 
COM'ING, 71. 1. The act of 
state of being come ; arrival. 
CO-MIN'GLE. Sec Commingle. 


coming ; 


approach. 2. The 


C6M'ING-IN, 71. 1. Entrance. 2. Beginning; commence- 
ment. 3. Income; revenue; [Tjot now used.] 4. Com- 
pliance ; submission ; [not in wsc.] 

CO-Ml"TIAL, a. [L. comitia.] 1. Relating to tlie comitia or 
popular assemblies of the Romans, for electing officers and 
passing laws. 2. Relating to an order of Presbyterian 
assemblies. 

COM'I-TY, n. [L. co77?tfer5.] Mildness and suavity of man- 
ners ; courtesy ; civility ; good breeding. 

COM'MA, n. [Gr. Koppa.] 1. In icriting and printing, this 
point [ , ] denoting the shortest pause in reading.— 2. In 
music, an enharmonic interval, being the eighth part of a 
tone, or the diff'erence between a major and a minor semi- 
tone. 3. Distinction. 

COM-MAND', V. t. [Fr. commander ; con, or com, and L. 
mando.] 1. To bid ; to order; to direct ; to charge ; im- 
plying authority, and power to control, and to require 
obedience. 2. To govern, lead or direct ; to have or to 
exercise supreme authority over. 3. To have in power ; 
to be able to exercise power or authority over. 4. To over- 
look, or have in the power of the eye, without obstruction. 
5. To direct ; to send. 6. To have or to exercise a con- 
trolling influence over. 

COM-MAND', V. i. To have or to exercise supreme authori- 
ty ; to possess the chief power ; to govern. 

COM-MAND', n. 1. The right or power of governing with 
chief or exclusive authority ; supreme power ; control. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; $ as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


COM 


164 


COM 


2. The power of controlling ; governing influence ; sway. 

3. Cogent or absolute authority. 4. The act of command- 
ing ; the mandate uttered ; order given. 5. The power 
of overlooking, or surveying, without obstruction. 6. The 
power of governing or controlling by force, or of defend- 
ing and protecting. 7. That which is commanded ; con- 
trol. Marshall. 

€OM-MXND'A-BLE, a. That may be commanded. 

COM-MAN-DANT', n. [Fr.J A commander j a command- 
ing oflicer of a place or of a body of forces. 

COM-MAND'A-TO-RY, a. Having the force of a command. 

COM-MAND'ED, pp. Ordered j directed 3 governed ; con- 
trolled. 

COM-MAND'ER, n. 1. A chief j one who has supreme 
authority ; a leader ; the chief officer of an army, or of 
any division of it. 2. One on whom is bestowed a bene- 
fice or commandry. 3. A heavy beetle or wooden mallet, 
used in paving, &c. 4. An instrument of surgery. 

COM-MAND'ER-Y, ) n,\¥T.commanderie.'\ Akindofbene- 

COM-MAND'RY, J fice or fixed revenue, belonging to 
a military order, conferred on knights of merit. 

COM-MAND'ING, ppr. 1. Bidding; ordering; directing 
with authority ; governing ; bearing rule ; exercising su- 
preme authority ; having in power ; overlooking without 
obstruction. 2. a. Controlling by influence, authority, or 
dignity. 

€0M-MAND'ING-LY, adv. In a commanding manner. 

COM-MAND'MENT, n. 1. A command ; a mandate ; an 
order or injunction given by authority ; charge ; precept. 

2. By way of eminence^ a precept of the decalogue, or 
moral law, written on tables of stone, at Mount Sinai. 

3. Authority ; coercive power. 

€OM-MAND'RESS, n. A woman invested with supreme 

authority. 

COM'MARK^ n. [Fr. comarque.'] The frontier of a country. 

COM-M A-Te'RI-AL, a. Consisting of the same matter with 
another thing. Bacon. 

COM-MA-TE-RI-AL'I-TY, n. Participation of the same 
matter. 

COM'MA-TISM, n. Briefness ; conciseness in writing. Bp. 
Horsley. 

COM-MEAS'U-RA-BLE, (kom-mezh'ur-a-bl.) a. Reduci- 
ble to the same measure. But commensxLrahle is generally 
used. 

COM'ME-LINE, n. A genus of herbaceous plants, comme- 
Una. 

COM-MEM'O-RA-BLE, a. Memorable ; worthy to be re- 
membered, or noticed with honor. See Memorable. 

COM-MEM'O-RATE, v. t. [L. commemoro.] To call to 
remembrance by a solemn act ; to celebrate with honor 
and solemnity. 

COM-MEM'O-R A-TED, pp. Called to remembrance by some 
act of solemnity. 

COM-MEM'O-R A-TING, ppr. Celebrating with honor by 
some solemn act. 

€A)M-MEM-0-Ra'TION, n. The act of calling to remem- 
brance by some solemnity ; the act of honoring the 
memory of some person or event by solemn celebration. 

€0M-MEM'0-RA-TIVE, a. Tending to preserve \he re- 
membrance of something. 

€OM-MEM'0-RA-TO-RY, a. Serving to preserve the mem- 
ory of. 

COM-MENCE', (kom-mens') v. i. [Fr. coynmencer.] 1. To 
begin to take rise or origin ; to have first existence. 2. To 
begin; to be, as in a change of character. 3. To take 'a 
degree or the first degree in a university or college. 

COM-MENCE', V. t. 1. To begin ; to enter upon ; to per- 
form the first act. 2. To begin ; to originate ; to bring. 

COM-MEN'CED, (kom-menst') pp. Begun ; originated. 

COM-MENCE'MENT, n. 1. Beginning ; rise ; origin ; first 
existence. 2. The time Avhen students in colleges com- 
mence bachelors ; a day in which degrees are publicly 
conferred on students who have finished a collegiate edu- 
cation. In Cambridge, {Eng.) the day when masters of 
arts and doctors complete their degrees. 

COM-MEN'CING, ppr. Beginning ; entering on ; originat- 
ing. 

COM-MEND', V. t. [Ti. commendo.] 1. To represent as 
worthy of notice, regard, or kindness ; to speak in favor 
of ; to recommend. 2. To commit ; to intrust or give in 
charge. 3. To praise ; to mention with approbation. 

4. To make acceptable or more acceptable. 5. To pro- 
duce or present to favorable notice. 6. To send or bear 
to. 

tGOM-MEND', n. Commendation. Shale. 

* COM-MEMD'A-BLE, a. [Formerly accented improperly 
on the first syllable.] That may be commended or praised ; 
worthy of approbation or praise ; laudable. 

*COM-MEND'A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being commenda- 
ble. 

^COM-MEND'A-BLY, adv. Laudably; in a praise-worthy 
manner. 

€JOM-MEND'AM, n. In ecclesiastical law, in England, a 
benefice or living commended, by the king or head of the 


church, to the care of a clerk, to hold till a proper pastor 
is provided. Blackstone, 

COM-MEND'A-TA-RY, n. [Fr. commendataire.] One who 
holds a living in commendam. 

COM-MEND-a'TION, n. [L. commendatio.] 1. The act of 
commending ; praise ; favorable representation in words ; 
declaration of esteem. 2. Ground of esteem, approbation 
or praise ; that which presents a person or thing to ano- 
ther in a favorable light, and renders worthy of regard, or 
acceptance. 3. Service; respects; message of love. 

COM-MEND'A-TOR, n. He who holds a benefice in com- 
mendam usually with a bishopric. 

€OM-MEND'A-TO-RY, a. 1. Which serves to commend ; 
presenting to favorable notice or reception ; containing 
praise. 2. Holding a benefice in commendam. 

€OM-MEND'A-TO-RY, n. A commendation ; eulogy. 

€OM-MEND'ED, pp. Praised ; represented favorably ; com- 
mitted in charge. 

€OM-MEND'ER, n. One who commends or praises. 

€OM-MEND'ING, ppr. Praising ; representing favorably ; 
committing, or delivering in charge. 

f €OM-MENS'AL, n. [L. con and mensa.] One that eats 
the same table. Chaucer. 

€OM-MEN-SAL'I-TY, n. [Sp. commensalia.] Fellowship at 
table ; the act or practice of eating at the same table. 
[Little w.sed.] Brown. Gillies. 

t COM-MEN-Sa'TION, n. Eating at the same table. 

€OM-MEN-SU-RA-BIL'I-TY, ( n. [Fr. commensurahiliti.] 

€OM-MEN'SU-RA-BLE-NESS, \ The capacity of being 
compared with another in measure, or of being measured 
by another, or of having a common measure. 

€OM-MEN'SU-RA-BLE, a. [Fr.] That have a common 
measure ; reducible to a common measure. 

€OM-MEN'SU-RATE, a. [It. commensurare.] 1. Reducible 
to one and the same common measure 2. Equal ; pro- 
portional ; having equal measure or extent. 

€OM-MEN'SU-RATE, v. t. To reduce to a common meas- 
ure. 

€OM-MEN'SU-RATE-LY, adv. 1. With the capacity of 
measuring orbeing measured by some other thing. 2. With 
equal measure or extent. 

€0M-MEN-SU-Ra'T10N, n. Proportion, or proportion in 
measure ; a state of having a common measure. 

=''€OM'MENT, v.i. [1 j. commentor.] 1. To write notes on the 
works of an author, with a view to illustrate his meaning, 
or to explain particular passages ; to explain ; to expound ; 
to annotate. 2. To make verbal remarks, or observations. 

*€OM'MENT, V. t. 1. To explain. 2. To feign ; to devise ; 
[06s.] 

GOM'MENT, n. 1. A note, intended to illustrate a writing, 
or a difficult passage in an author ; annotation ; explana- 
tion ; exposition. 2. That which explains or illustrates. 
3. Remark ; observation. 

€OM'MEN-TA-RY, 71. 1. A comment; exposition; expla- 
nation ; illustration of difficult and obscure passages in an 
author. 2. A book of comments or annotations. 3. A 
historical narrative ; a memoir of particular transactions. 

COM'MEN-TA-RY, v. t. To write notes upon. [L. u.] 

€OM'MEN-TATE, v. i. To annotate ; to write notes upon. 
Pursuits of Lit.. 

€OM'MEN-TA-TOR, n. One who comments ; one who 
writes annotations ; an expositor ; an annotator. 

€OM'MENT-ER, n. 1. One that writes comments ; an an- 
notator. 2. One who makes remarks. 

€OM'MENT-ING, ppr. Making notes or comments on some- 
thing said or written. 

€OM-MEN-TI"TIOUS, a. [L. commentitius.] Invented ; 
feigned ; imaginary. 

COM'MERCE, 71. [Fr. commerce.] 1. In a general sense, an 
interchange or mutual change of goods, wares, produc- 
tions, or property of any kind, between nations or indi- 
viduals, either by barter, or by purchase and sale ; trade ; 
traffick. 2. Intercourse between individuals. 3. Famil- 
iar intercourse between the sexes. 4. Interchange ; re- 
ciprocal communications. 

OOM'MERCE, V. i. 1. To traffick ; to carry on trade. 2. To 
hold intercourse with. 

t €OM-MER'CER, n. One who trafficks or holds intercourse 
with another. 

€OM-MER'CIAL, a. 1. Pertaining to commerce or trade. 
2. Carrying on commerce. 3. Proceeding from trade. 

COM-MER'CIAL-LY, adv. In a commercial view. 

COM'MI-GRATE, v. i. [L. commigro.] To migrate togeth- 
er ; to move in a body from one country or place to another 
for permanent residence. [Little used.] 

€OM-MI-GRa'TION, 71. The moving of a body of people 
from one country or place to another with a view to per- 
manent residence. 

€OM-MI-Na'TION, 77. [L. comminatio.] 1. A threat or 
threatening ; a denunciation of punishment or vengeance. 
2. The recital of God’s tbreatenings on stated days ; an 
office in the liturgy of the church of England. 

€0M-MIN'A-T0-RY, a. Threatening ; denouncing punish- 
ment. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, J, O, V, Y, Zot 7£^.— FAR, FALL, WH AT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD 5— f Obsolete. 


COM 


165 


COM 


COM-MIN'GLE, v. t. To mix together ; to mingle in one 
mass, or intimately ; to blend. 

COM-MIN'GLE, v, i. To mix or unite together, as different 
substances. Bacon. 

t€OM-MlN'U-ATE, v. t. To grind. 

€!OM-MlN*U-I-BLE, a. Reducible to powder. 

€OM'Mf-NUTE, V. t. [L. comminuo. ] To make small or 
fine j to reduce to minute particles, or to a fine powder j 
to pulverize ; to triturate ; to levigate. 

COM'MI-NU-TED, pp. Reduced to fine particles j pulver- 
ized ; trituitUed. 

COM'MI-NU-TING, ppr. Reducing to fine particles ; pul- 
verizing ; levigating. 

€OM-MI-Nu'TiON, n. 1 . The act of reducing to a fine pow- 
der or to small particles j pulverization. 2 . Attenuation. 

€ 0 M-M 1 S'ER-A-BLE, a. Deserving of commiseration or 
pity ; pitiable ; that may excite .sympathy or sorrow. 
[Little 

COM-MIS'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. commiseror.^ 1 . To pity ; to 
compassionate ; to feel sorrow, pain or regret for another 
in distress. 2 . To regret 3 to pity 3 to be sorry for. 

COM-MLS'ER-A-TED, pp. Pitied. 

COM-MIS'ER-A-TING, ppr. Pitying 3 compassionating 3 
feeling sorrow for. 

COM-MIS-ER-A'TION, n. Pity 3 compassion 3 a sympathetic 
suffering of pain or sorrow for the wants, afflictions or dis- 
tresses of another. 

t € 0 M-MIS'ER-A-TIVE, a. Compassionate. 

€ 0 M-MIS^':R-A-TIVE-LY, adv. From compassion. 

COM-MIS'ER-A-TOR, n. One who pities. 

COM-MIS-Sa'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a commissary. Smol- 
lett uses commissariat ; but Giis is not authorized. 

COM-M 1 S-Sa*R 1 -ATE, 71 . [Sp. comisariato.] The office 
or employment of a commissary 3 or tlie whole body of 
officers in the commissary’s department 

COM'iMlS-SA-RY, [Fr. commisi'aire.] 1 . A commissioner} 
one to whom is committed some charge, duty or office. — 

2 . In ecclesiastical law, an officer of the bishop, who ex- 
ercises spiritual jurisdiction in places of the diocese. — 

3 . In a militanj sense, an officer who has the charge of 
furnishing provisions, clothing, &c., for an army. 4 . An 
officer who musters the army, receives and inspects its 
muster-rolls, and keeps an account of its strength. 

COM-MIS-Sa'RI-AT, n. The commissary department. 

€OM'MIS-SA-RY-SHIP, w. The office of a commissary. 

COM-MIS'SION, n. [Fr. commission. 1 . The act of commit- 
ting, doing, performing or perpetrating. 2 . The act of com- 
mitting or sending to 3 the act of intrusting, as a charge or 
duty. 3 . The thing committed, intrusted or delivered 3 
letters patent, or any writing from proper authority, given 
to a person as his warrant for exercising certain powers, 
or the performance of any duty. 4 . Charge 3 order} man- 
date 3 authority given. — 5 . By a ynetomjmy, a number of 
persons joined in an office or trust. 6. The state of that 
which is intrusted. — 7 . In commerce, the state of acting 
under authority in the purchase and sale of goods for 
another. 8. The allowance made to a factor or commis- 
sion-merchantefor transacting business. 

COM-MIS SION-MER'CH ANT, n. A merchant who trans- 
acts business as the agent of other men, in buying and 
selling. 

COM-MIS'SIOIV, V. t. 1 . To give a commission to ; to em- 
power or authorize by commission. 2 . To send with a 
mandate or authority. 3 . To authorize or empower. — 
[Note. Commissionate, in a like sense, has been used, but 
rarely.] 

COM-MIS'SION-AL, \ a. Appointed by warrant. [Little 

€OM-MlS'SION-A-RY, ] used.] 

COM-MIS'SION-ATE, v. t. To commission. Whithj. 

COM-MIS'SIONED, pp. Furnished with a commission 5 
empowered 3 authorized. 

COM-MIS'SION-ER, ?i. A person who has a commission or 
warrant from proper authority, to perform some office, or 
execute some business. 

COM-MIS'SION-ING, ppr. Giving a commission to 5 fur- 
nishing with a warrant 5 empowering by letters patent or 
other writing 3 authorizing. 

* GOIVFMIS-SURE, n. [L. connyiissura.] 1 . A joint, seam or 
closure 3 the place where two bodies or parts of a body 
meet and unite 3 an interstice or cleft between particles 
or parts, as between plates or lamellcc. — 2 . In architecture, 
the joint of two stones, or application of the surface of one 
to that of another. — 3 . In anatomy, a suture of the crani- 
um or skull 5 articulation ; the corners of the lips. Also, 
certain parts in the ventricles of the brain, uniting the two 
hemispheres. 

GOM-MIT', V. t. [L. committo.] 1 . To give in trust} to put 
into the hands or power of another 3 to intrust. 2. To 
put into any place for preservation ; to deposit. 3 . To put 
or send to, for confinement. 4 . To do 3 to effect or perpe- 
trate. 5 . To join or put together, for a contest 3 to match 3 
followed by with ; a Latinism. 6. To expose or endanger 
by a preliminary step or decision which cannot be recalled. 
7 . To engage 3 to pledge 3 or to pledge by implication. 


Marshall. 8. To refer or intrust to a committee, or select 
number of persons, for their consideration and report 3 a 
term of les^slatioii. 

f € 0 M-MIT', r. i. To be guilty of incontinency. Shak. 

COM-MIT'MENT, n. 1 . The act of committing 3 a sending 
to prison 3 a putting into prison 3 imprisonment. 2 . An 
order for confining in prison. But more generally we use 
mittimus. 3 . The act of referring or intrusting to a com- 
mittee for consideration 5 a term in legislation. 4 . Tlie 
act of delivering in charge, or intrusting. 5 . A doing, or 
perpetration, as of sin or a crime 3 commission. 6. The 
act of pledging or engaging 3 or the act of exposing or en- 
dangering. Hamilton. 

€OM-MlT'TED, pp. Delivered in trust 3 given in charge; 
deposited 3 imprisoned 3 done 3 perpetrated 3 engaged ; 
exposed 3 referred to a committee. 

COM-MIT'TEE, n. One or more persons, elected or appoint- 
ed, to whom any matter or business is referred, either by 
a legislative body or either branch of it, or by a court, cr 
by any corporation, or by any society, or collective body 
of men acting together. 

€ 0 M-M 1 T'TEE-SH 1 P, n. The office and profit of commit- 
tees. 

€OM-MIT'TER, n. One who commits 3 one who does or 
perpetrates. 

€OM-MIT'TI-BLE, a. That may be committed. [L. v.] 

COM-MIT'TING, ppr. Giving in trust 3 depositing 3 im- 
prisoning; perpetrating 3 engaging 3 refening to a com- 
mittee 3 exposing. 

OOM-MIX', 71 . 1 . [L. commisceo.] To mix or mingle 3 to 
blend 3 to mix, as different substances. 

OOM-MIX', i. To mix 3 to mingle. Shalt. 

COM-MIX'ED, (kom-mixt') pp. Mixed 3 blended. 

OOM-M IXTNG, p2>r. Mixing 3 blending. 

€OM-MIX'TION, n. Mixture 3 a blending of different in- 
gredients in one mass or compound. 

COM-MIXT'URE, 71. 1 . The act of mixing; the state of 
being mingled 3 the blending of ingredients in one mass or 
compound. 2 . The mass formed by mingling difierent 
things 3 composition 3 compound. — 3 . In Scots law, a 
method of acquiring property, by blending difierent sub- 
stances belonging to different proprietors. 

COM-MoDE', 71 . [Fr. 3 L. commodus.] A kind of head-dress 
formedy worn by ladies. 

€OM-Mo'DI-OUS, a. [Fr. com 7 tiodc.] Convenient 3 suita- 
ble 3 fit 3 proper 3 adapted to its use or purpose, or to wants 
and necessities. 

€OM-Mo'DI-OUS-LY, adv. Conveniently 3 in a commodious 
manner 3 suitably 3 in a manner to afford ease, or to }>re- 
vent uneasiness. 

€OM-Mo'DI-OUS-NESS, n. Convenience 3 fitness 3 suita- 
bleness for its purpose. 

COM-MOD'I-TY, 71 . [L. com 7 noditas.] 1 . Primarily, con- 
venience 3 profit 3 advantage 3 interest. In this sense 
7 ieai-ly obsolete. 2 . That which affords ease, convenience 
or advantage 3 any thing that is useful, but particularly in 
commerce, including every thing movable that is bought 
and sold, goods, wares, merchandise, produce of land and 
manufactures. — Staple commodities are those which are the 
produce or manufacture of a country, and constitute the 
principal articles of exportation. 

COM'MO-DoRE, 71 . [It. comandatore.] 1 . The officer who 
commands a squadron or detachment of ships. 2 . A title 
given by courtesy to the senior captain, when three or 
more ships of war are cruising in company. 3 . The con- 
voy or leading ship in a fleet of mercliantmen, which car- 
ries a light in her top to conduct the other ships. 

COM-MOD-U-La'TION, 77. [L. con and modulatio.] Meas- 
ure 3 agreement. [Little 7 ised.] 

fCOM'MOlGNE, n. [Fr.] A monk of the same convent. 

EOM^MON, a. [L. comm 7 inis ; Fr. commun.] 1 . Belonging 
equally to more than one, or to many indefinitely. 2. 
Belonging to the public 3 having no separate owner. 3 . 
General 3 serving for the use of all. 4 . Universal 3 be- 
longing to all. 5 . Public 3 general 3 frequent. 6. Usual 3 
ordinary. 7 . Of no rank or superior excellence 3 ordinary. 
Applied to 7 nen, it signifies, not noble. 8. Prostitute ; 
lewd. — 9 . In grammar, such verbs as signify both action 
and passion, are called common ; also, such nouns as are 
both masculine and feminine, as parens. 

Commo 7 i law, in Great Britahi and the United States, the 
7 in 7 vritten law, the law that receives its binding force from 
immemorial usage and universal reception, in distinc- 
tion from the toritten or statute law. — Commo 7 i Pleas, i)i 
Great Britain, one of the king’s courts, now held in 
Westminster Hall. In some of the American states, a 
court of common pleas is an inferior court, whose jurisdic- 
tion is limited to a county, and it is sometimes called a 
co 7 inty co 7 vrt. — Commmi Prayer, the liturgy of the church 
of England, which all the clergy of the church are enjoin- 
ed to use. 

COM^IVION, n. 1 . A tract of ground, the use of which is not 
appropriated to an individual, but belongs to the public, or 
to a number. — 2 . In laic, an open ground, or that soil the 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 3— BULL, UNITE.~€ as K 3 0 as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete 


COM 


166 COiM 


use of which belongs equally to the inhabitants of a town 
or of a lordship, or to a certain number of proprietors, 
CO.M MON, V. i. 1. To have a joint right with others in 
common ground. 2, To board together 5 to eat at a table 
in common. 

CO.M'MON, adv. Commonly. 

COM MON-COUN CIL, n. The council of a city or corpo- 
rate town, empowered to make by-laws for the govern- 
ment of the citizens. 

COM'MON-COUN'CIL-MAN, n. 1. One who communi- 
cates in council with others. 2. A member of the com- 
mon-council of London. B. Jonson. 

COM'MON-CRl ER, n. A crier whose occupation is to give 
notice of lost things. 

COM'MON-H ALL, n. A hall or house in which citizens 
meet for business. 

COM'MON-LAW'YER, 71 . One versed in commem law. 
COM'MON-PLACE, n. A memorandum ; a common topic. 
COM'MON-PLACE, v. t. To enter in a commonplace-book, 
or to reduce to general heads. — Commonplace-book^ a book 
in which are registered such facts, opinions or observa- 
tions as are deemed worthy of notice or remembrance, so 
disposed that any one may be easily found. Hence com- 
monplace is used as an epithet to denote what is common 
or often repeated, or trite. 

COM'MON-A-BLE, a. 1. Held in common. 2. That may 
be pastured on common land. 

COM'MON-ACE, 71. The right of pasturing on a common 5 
the joint right of using any thing in common with others. 
COM'MON-AL-TY, 71. 1. The common people. In Great 
Britain, all classes and conditions of people, who are be- 
low the rank of nobility. 2. The bulk of mankind. 
COM'MON-ER, 71. 1. One of the lower rank, or common 
people ; one under the degree of nobility. 2. A member 
of the house of commons. 3. One who has a joint right 
dn common ground. 4. A student of the second rank in 
the universities in England; one who eats at a common 
table. 5. A prostitute. Shak. 6 . A partaker. 
COM-MO-Ni''TION, n. [L. cominonitio.] Advice ; warn- 
ing ; instruction. [Little used.] 

€OM-MON'l-TIV’^E, a. Warning ; monitory. [Little 
COM'MON-LY, adv. Usually ; generally ; ordinarily ; fre- 
quently ; for the most part. 

COM 'MON-NESS, 71. 1. Frequent occurrence; a state of 

being common or usual. 2. Equal participation by two 
or more. [Little used.] 

COM'MONS, 71. jdu. 1. The common people, who inherit 
or possess no honors or titles ; the vulgar. Drydcn. 2. In 
England, the lower house of Parliament, consisting of the 
representatives of cities, boroughs and counties. This 
body is called the House of Commons. 3. Common 
grounds ; land possessed or used by two or more persons 
in common. 4. Food provided at a common table, as in 
colleges, where many persons eat at the same table or in 
the same hall. — Doctors Commons, in London, a college 
founded by Dr. Harvey, for the professors of the civil law, 
wliere the civilians common together. 
fCOM-MON'STRATE, «. t. To teach. Cockeram. 
COM'MON-TY, 71. In Scots laic, land belonging to two or 
more common proprietors ; or a heath or muir, of which 
there has beeji a promiscuous possession by pasturage. 
COM-MON-WkAL', 1 7J. 1. An established form of gov- 
COM-xMON-WEALTIF, | ernment or civil polity ; or, more 
generally, a state ; a body politic ; properly, aVree state. 
2. The whole body of people in a state ; the public. 3. 
The territory of a state ; as, all the land within the limits 
of the commonwealth . Massachusetts. 
COM-MON-WEALTH’S'MAN, n. One who favors the 
commonwealth, or a republican government. 
CO.’M'MO-RANCE, ) 71 . [L. co minor ans.] A dwelling or or- 
COM'MO-RAN-CY, | dinary residence in a place ; abode ; 
habitation. 

COM'MO-RANT, a. Dwelling ; ordinarily residing ; in- 
habiting. 

t COM-MO-Ra'TION, 71. A staying, or tarrying. Cockeram. 
COM-Mo'RI-ENT, a. [L. commoriens.,] Dying at the same 
time. 

€OM'MqTH-ER, n. A godmother. [Little used.] 
COM-MO'TION, 71. [L. commotio.] 1. Agitation; as the 
commotion of the sea. 2. Tumult of people ; disturbance ; 
disorder, which may amount at times to sedition or insur- 
rection. 3. Agitation; perturbation ; disorder of mind ; 
heat ; excitement. 

€OM-Md'TION-ER, 71. One who excites commotion. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

COM-MOVE', V. t. [L. eommoven.] To put in motion ; to 
disturb ; to agitate ; to unsettle ; a poetic word. Thomson. 
€'OM-MuNE', V. i. [Fr. communier.] 1. To converse ; to 
talk together familiarly ; to impart sentiments mutually. 
In private or familiar discourse. 2. To have intercourse 
in contemplation or meditation. 3. To partake of the sa- 
crament or Lord’s supper ; to receive the communion ; a 
common use of the word in America. 

COM-M.uNEJ , 71. A small territorial district in France — one 


of the subordinate divisions of the country introduced in 
the late revolution. 

COM-Mu'NI-BUS AN-NIS. One year with another; on an 
average. — Communibus locis. One place with another ; on 
a medium. 

COM-MU-NI-CA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being com- 
municable ; capability of being imparted from one to an- 
otJier. 

COM-Mu'NI-CA-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That may be commu- 
nicated ; capable of being imparted from one to another. 

2. That may be recounted. 3. Communicative ; ready 
to impart ; [iiot used.] 

COM-MU'NI-€A-BLE-NESS, n. Being communicable. 

COM-Mu'NI-€ANT, 71. One who communes at the Lord’s 
table ; one who is entitled to partake of the sacrament, at 
the celebration of the Lord’s supper. 

COM-Mu'NI-CATE, v.t. [L. communico.] 1. To impart ; 
to give to another, as a partaker ; to confer for joint pos- 
session ; to bestow, as that which the receiver is to hold, 
retain, use or enjoy. 2* To impart reciprocally, or mu- 
tually ; to have or enjoy a share of. 3. To impart, as 
knowledge ; to reveal ; to give,, as information, either by 
words, signs or signals. 4. To deliver ; to give. 

€OM-Mu'NI-CATE, 7?. i. 1. To partake of the Lord’s sup- 
per. Taylor. 2. To have a communication or passage 
from one to another ; to have the means of passing from 
one to another. 3. To have intercourse ; applied to per- 
sons. 4. To have, enjoy or suffer reciprocally ; to have a 
share with another. 

COxM-Mu'NI-CA-TED, pp. Imparted from one to another ; 
bestowed ; delivered. 

COM-Mu'NI-CA-TING, ppr. 1. Imparting ; giving or be- 
stowing ; delivering. 2. Partaking of the sacrament of 
the Lord’s supper. 3. Leading or conducting from place 
to place, as a passage ; connected by a passage or chan- 
nel. 4. Having intercourse by words, lettei-s or messages ; 
corresponding. 

€OM-MU-NI-Ca'TION, 71. 1. The act of imparting, confer- 
ring or delivering, from one to another. 2. Intercourse 
by words, letters or messages ; interchange of thoughts or 
opinions, by conference or other means. 3. Intercourse ; 
interchange of knowledge ; correspondence ; good under- 
standing between men. 4. Connecting passage; means 
of passing from place to place. 5. That which is commu- 
nicated or imparted. — 6. In rhetoric, a trope by which a 
speaker or writer takes his hearer or speaker as a partner 
in his sentiments, and says we, instead of I or you. 

COM-Mu'NI-CA-TiVE, a. 1. Inclined to communicate ; 
ready to impart to others. 2. Disposed to impart or dis- 
close, as knowledge, opinions or facts ; free to communi- 
cate ; not reserved. 

COM-MC'NI-CA-TiVE-NESS, 71. Thequality of being com- 
municative ; readiness to impart to oUiers ; freedom from 

COM-Mu'NI-C-A-TO-RY, a. Imparting knowledge. 

€OM-MuN'ING, ppr. Conversing familiarly ; having fa- 
miliar intercourse. 

COM-MuN'ING, 71. Familiar converse ; private intercourse. 
E. T. Fitch. 

COM-MuN'ION, 71. [L. communio ; Fr. communion.] 1. 
Fellowship ; intercourse between two p^^rsons or more ; 
interchange of transactions, or offices ; a fetate of giving 
and receiving ; agreement ; concord. 2. Mutual inter- 
course or union in religious worship, or in doctrine and 
discipline. 3. The body of Christians who have one com- 
mon faith and discipline. 4. The act of communicating 
the sacrament of the eucharist ; the celebration of the 
Lord’s supper ; the participation of the blessed sacrament. 
5. Union of professing Cliristians in a particular church. 
— Communion-service, in the Liturgy of the Episcopal 
church, is the office for the administration of the holy sa- 
crament. 

€OM-MuNTON-IST, n. One who is of the same commun- 
ion. Dvry. 

COM-MU'NI-TY, 71. [L. communitas.] 1. Properly, com- 
mon possession or enjoyment. 2. A society of people, 
having common rights and privileges, or common inter- 
ests ; or living under the same laws and regulations ; a 
commonwealth or state, a body politic. 3. Commonness ; 
frequency ; [ 065 .] 

€OM-MU-TA-BIL'I-TY, 71. The quality of being capable 
of being exchanged, or put, one in the place of the other. 

COM-Mu'TA-BLE, a. [L. commutabilis .] That may be ex- 
changed, or mutually changed ; that may be given for 
another. — In philology, that may pass from one into an- 
other. 

€OM-MU-TA'TION, n. [L. commutatio.] 1. Change ; al- 
tercation ; a passing from one state to another. 2. Ex- 
change ; the act of giving one thing for another ; barter. — 

3. In laic, the change of a penalty or punishment from a 
greater to a less ; as banishment instead of death. 

COM-Mu'TA-Ti V^E, a. [Fr. commutatif.] Relative to ex- 
change ; interchangeable ; mutually passing from one to 
another. 


* See Synop»is. a, E, I, O, U, Y, Zerijr.—FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete, 


COM 


COM 167 


COM-MO'TA-TIVE-Ly, adv. By way of reciprocal ex- 
change, 

COM-JMuTE', V. t. [L. commuto.] 1. To exchange ; to put 
one thing in the place of another ; to give or receive one 
thing for another. — 2. In law, to exchange one penalty or 
punishment for another of less severity. 

CuM-MuTE', V, i. To atone j to compensate; to stand in 
the place of. 

COM-MuT'U-AL, a. Mutual; reciprocal; used in poetry. 

COM-FACT', a. {L. compactus.] 1. Closely and firmly 
united, as the particles of solid bodies ; firm ; close ; sol- 
id ; dense. 2. Composed ; consisting. 3. Joined ; held 
together. {Little used.] 4. Brief; close; pithy; not dif- 
fuse ; not verbose. 

COAFFAGT, n. [L. compactum.'] An agreement ; a con- 
tract between parties ; a word that may be applied, in a 
general sense, to any covenant or contract between indi- 
viduals ; but it is more generally applied to agreements 
between nations and states, as treaties and confedera- 
cies. 

COxM-PACT', V. t. 1. To thrust, drive or press closely to- 
gether ; to join firmly ; to consolidate ; to make close ; as 
the parts which compose a body. 2. To unite or connect 
firmly, as in a system. 3. To league with. To com- 
pose or make out of. 

€UM-FA€T'ED, pp. Pressed close ; firmly united, or con- 
nected. 

GOM-PA€T^ED-LY, adv. Closely. Lovelace. 

COM-PACT'ED-NESS, n. A state of being compact ; firm- 
ness ; closeness of parts ; density, whence results hard- 
ness* 

t COM-PA€T'I-BLE, a. That may be joined. 

CUM-PACT^ING, 2W- Uniting closely ; consolidating. 

COM-PAC'TION, n. The act of making compact : or the 
state of being compact. 

eOM-PACT'LY, adv. Closely ; densely ; with close union 
of parts. 

eOAI-PACT'NESS, n. Firmness ; close union of parts ; 
density. 

COM-PACT'URE, n. Close union or connection of parts ; 
structure well connected ; manner of joining. 

€0M-Pa'6ES, / n. [L.] A system or structure of many 

COM'PA-GES, ^ parts united. 

t €0M-PAG'IN-ATE, V. t. To set together that which is 
broken. 

eOM-PAO-I-NA'TION, 71. [L. compa^o.] Union of parts; 
structure ; connection ; contexture. [Little used.] 

t €oM'PA-NA-BLE, a. Companionable. Chaucer. 

•f €6M'PA-NA-BLE-NESS, 71. Sociableness. Sidney. 

I COM-PAN'I-A-BLE, a. Social. Bacon. 

f C0:M-PA.\'I-A-BLE-NESS, n. Sociableness. Hall. 

COAI-PAN'ION, (koin-pan yun) 71. [Fr. ctim/m^no7t.] l.One 
who keeps company with another ; one with whom a 
person frequently associates, and converses. 2. One who 
accompanies another ; as two persons meeting casually 
and traveling together are called companions. 3. A part- 
ner ; an associate. 4. A fellow ; a mate. 5. A sort of 
wooden porch placed over the entrance or stair-case of 
the cabin in merchant ships. Hence the ladder by which 
officers ascend to and descend from the quarter deck is 
called the companion ladder. 

COM-PAN'ION-A-BLE, a. Fit for good fellowship ; quali- 
fied to be agreeable in company ; sociable ; agreeable as a 
companion. 

€0M-PAN'10N-A-BLY, adv. In a companionable man- 
ner. 

GOM-PAN'ION-SHIP, n. 1. Fellowship ; association. 2. 
Company ; train. 

C6APPA-NY, 71. [li. compagnia.] 1. In military affairs , i\\e 
soldiers united under the command of a captain ; a subdi- 
vision of a regiment. 2. Any assemblage of persons ; a 
collection of men, or other animals, in a very indefinite 
sense. 3. An assemblage of persons for entertainment or 
festivity ; a party collected by invitation or otherwise. 4. 
Persons that associate with others for conversation or 
pleasure ; society. 5. The state of being a companion ; 
the act of accompanying ; fellowship ; society. 6. A 
number of persons united for the same purpose, or in a 
joint concern. 7. The crew of a ship, including the offi- 
cers ; also, a fleet. — To bear company, to accompany ; to 
attend; to go with. — To keep company, to accompany; 
to attend ; also, to associate with frequently or habitually. 

€6M'PA-NY, V. t. To accompany ; to attend ; to go with ; 
to be companion to. 

€6M'PA-NY, V. i. 1. To associate with; to frequent the 
company of. 2. To be a gay companion ; [o&s.] 3. To 
have commerce with the other sex. 

COM'PA-R A-BLE, a. [L. cornparabilis.] That may be com- 
pared ; worthy of comparison; being of equal regard; 
that may be estimated as equal. 

COMTA-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree worthy to 
be compared, or of equal regard. 

COM'PA-RATES, n. In logic, the two things compared to 
one another. 


COM-PAR'A-TIVE, a. [L. comparativus.] 1. Estimated 
by comparison ; not positive or absolute. 2. Having the 
power of comparing different things.— 3. In grammar, 
expressing more or less. The comparative degree of an 
adjective expresses a greater or less degree of a quantity, 
or quality, than the positive; as brignter.— Comparative 
anatomy, that branch of anatomy which treats of the anat- 
omy of other animals than man, with a view to compare 
their structure witn that of human beings. 

t €OM-PAR'A-TlVE, n. One wlio is equal or pretends to 
be an equal. Shale. 

€OM-PAR'A-TIVE-LY, adv. In a state of comparison ; by 
comparison ; according to estimate made by comparison"; 
not positively, absolutely or in itself. 

COM-PaRE', V. t. [L. comparo.] 1. To set or bring things 
together in fact or in contemplation, and to examine the 
relations they bear to each other, with a view to ascertain 
their agreement or disagreement. 2. To liken ; to repre- 
sent as similar, for the purpose of illustration. 3. To ex- 
amine the relations of things to each other, with a view 
to discover their relative proportions, quantities or quali- 
ties. — 4. In grammar, to form an adjective in the degrees 
of comparison; as, blackish, black, blacker, blackest. 5. 
To get ; to procure ; to obtain ; as in Latin ; 

COAI-PaRE', V. i. 1. To hold comparison ; to be like or 
equal. 2. To vie ; Spenser. 

COAI-PaRE', 71. 1. The state of being compared ; compara- 
tive estimate ; comparison ; possibility of entering into 
comparison, or being considered as equal. 2. fciinile ; 
similitude ; illustration by comparison. 

COAI-PaR'ED, (korn-pard') pp. ^'et together and examined 
with respect to likeness or unlikeness, agreement or dis- 
agreement ; likened ; represented as similar. 

COAI-PaR'ER, 71. One who compares or makes a compar- 
ison. 

COAI-PaR'ING, ppr. Examining the relations of things to 
each other ; likening. 

COAI-PAR'I-SON, n. [It. comparazione ; Fr. comparaison.] 

1. The act of comparing. 2. The state of being compared. 

3. Comparative estimate ; proportion. — 4. In grammar, 
the formation of an adjective in its several degrees of sig- 
nification. 5. A simile, similitude, or illustration by si- 
militude. — 6. In rhetoric, a figure by which two things 
are considered with regard to a third, which is common 
to them both. 

COAI-PART', V. t. [Fr. compartir .] To divide ; to mark 
out a plan or design into its several i)arts, or subdivisions. 
IVotton. 

COAI'PaRT, 71. A member. Scott. 

COAI-PaRT'ED, pp. Divided into parts or apartments. 

COAI-PARTdNG, ppr. Dividing or disposing into parts. 

GOAI-PAR-TD'TION, n. J. The act of dividing into parts. 

2. Division ; part divided ; a separate part. IVotton. 

COAI-PART'AIEAJT, n. [Fr. compartiment.] 1. A division 

or separate part of a general design, as of a picture, or of a 
ground-])lot. 2. A design composed of several difl’erent 
figures, disposed with symmetry, for ornament. 

€OA1-PaRT'NEB, 71. A sharer. Tcarson. 

C6MTASS, n. [Fr. cy/z/pas.] 1. S?tretcli; reach; extent; 
the limit or boundary of a space, and the space included. 
2. A p;rssing round ; a circular course ; a circuit. 3. Alod- 
erate bounds ; limits of truth ; moderation ; due limits. 

4. The extent or limit of the voice or of sound. .5. An 
instrument for directing or ascertaining the course of ships 
at sea, consisting of a circular box, containing a paper 
card marked with the thirty-two points of direction, fixed 
on a magnetic needle, that always points to the north, the 
variation excepted. — u. Compass or compasses, an instru 
ment for describing circles, measuring figures, &c., con- 
sisting of two pointed legs or branches, made of iron, steel 
or brass, joined at the top by a rivet, on which they move. 
7. An instrument used in surveying land, constructed in 
the main like the mariner’s compass. 

CoAPPASS, V. t. 1. To stretch round ; to extend so as to 
embrace the whole ; to inclose, encircle, grasp or seize. 
2. To surround ; to environ ; to inclose on all sides. 3. 
To go or walk round. 4. To besiege ; to beleaguer ; to 
Block up. 5. To obtain ; to attain to ; to procure ; to 
bring within one’s power ; to accomplish. 6. To ])ur- 
pose ; to intend ; to imagine ; to plot ; to contrive ; as we 
say, to go about to perform, but in mind only. 

€6A1'PASS-SAW, n. A species of saw, whose office is to 
cut around. 

C6AFPASSED, pp. Embraced ; surrounded ; inclosed ; ob- 
tained; imagined. 

€oAPPASS-IiNG, ppr. 1. Embracing; going round ; inclos- 
ing ; obtaining ; accomplishing ; imagining ; intending. — 
2. In ship-building, incurv^ated ; arched. 

€OAI-PAS'SION, 71. [It. compassione.] A suffering with 
another ; painful sympathy ; a sensation of sorrow ex- 
cited by the distress or misfortunes of another ; pity ; com- 
miseration. 

t COxAI-PAS'STON, V. t. To pity. Shale. 

€OAI-PAS'SION-A-BLE, a. Deserving of pity. [L.u.] Barrow. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


COM 


168 


COM 


t COM-PAS'SION-A-RY, a. Compassionate. Cotgrave. 
COM-PAS'SION-ATE, a. Having a temper or disposition to 
pity ; inclined to show mercy ; merciful ; having a heart 
that is tender, and easily moved by the distresses, suffer- 
ings, wants and infirmities of others. 
€OM-PAS'SION-ATE, v. t. To pity ; to commiserate j to 
have compassion for. 

€0M-PAS'S10N-ATE-LY, adv. With compassion j merci- 
ftilly. Clarendon. 

COM-PAS'SION-ATE-NESS, n. The quality of being com- 
passionate. 

COM-PA-TERNT-TY, n. The relation of a godfather to the 
person for whom he answers. 

COM-PAT-I -BILT-TY, n. Consistency ; the quality or 
power of coexisting with something else ; suitableness. 
COM-PAT'i-BLE, a. \¥r. compatible.^ 1. Consistent; that 
may exist with; suitable ; not incongruous ; agreeable. 
COM-PAT'I-BLE-NESS, 71. Consistency; fitness; agree- 
ment ; the same as compatibility^ which is generally used. 
COM-PAT'I-BLY, adv. Fitly ; suitably ; consistently. 
COM-Pa'TIENT, a. Suftering together. \ Little used.'] 

* COM-PAT'RI-OT, or €OM-PA'TRI-OT, n. [It. compa- 
triotta.] A fellow patriot ; one of the same country. 

* COM-PAT'RI-OT, a. Of the same country. 

COM-PEER', 71. [L.compar.] An equal ; a companion; an 

associate ; a mate. 

COM-PEEll', V. t. To equal ; to match ; to be equal with. 
Shak. 

COM-PEL', V. t. [L. compello.] 1. To drive or urge with 
force, or irresistibly ; to constrain ; to oblige ; to necessi- 
tate. 2. To force ; to take by force, or violence ; to seize. 
3. To driv'e together ; to gather ; to unite in a crowd or 
company : a Latinism, compellere gregcm. 4. To seize ; 
to overpower ; to hold ; [umis^ial.] 5. To call forth ; 

COM-PEL'LA-BLE, a. That may be driven, forced or con- 
strained. 

COM-PEL'LA-BLY, adv. By compulsion. 
COM-PEL-La'TION, n. [L. coinpellatio.] Style or manner 
of address ; the word of salutation, 
t COM-PEL'LA-TO-RY, a. Having the force of compelling ; 
compulsatory. Cavendish. 

COM-PEL'LED, (kom-peld') pp. Forced ; constrained ; 
obliged. 

COM-PEL'LER, n. One who compels or constrains. 
COM-PEL'LING, ppr. Driving by force ; constraining ; 
obliging. 

COM'PEND, or COM-PENDT-UM, 71. [L. compendium.] An 
abridgment ; a summary ; an epitome ; a brief compilation 
or composition. 

€OM-PEN-DI-a'RI-OUS, a. Short ; contracted. [L. 7^.] 
t COM-PENDT-ATE, V. t. To sum or collect together, 
t €OM-PEND-I-OS'I-TY, n. Shortness. 

COM-PENDT-OUS, a. 1. Short ; summary ; abridged ; com- 
prehensive ; containing the substance or general princi- 
ples of a subject or work in a narrow compass. 2. Short ; 
direct ; near ; not circuitous. 

COM-PEND'I-OUS-LY, adv. In a short or brief manner; 

summarily ; in brief ; in epitome. 
COM-PENDT-OUS-NESS, n. Shortness; brevity; compre- 
hension in a narrow compass. 

€OM-PE\S'A-BLE, a. That may be compensated. 

* eOM'PEN-SATE, or €OM-PEN'SATE, v. t. [L. com- 
penso.] 1. To recompense ; to give an equivalent. 2. To 
be equivalent in value or effect to ; to counterbalance ; to* 
make amends for. 

* €OM'PEN-SATE, v. i. To make amends ; to supply an 
equivalent. — This word is generally accented on the 
second syllable, most unfortunately, as any ear will de- 
termine by the feebleness of the last syllables in the par- 
ticiples, corn-pens' a-ied^ corn-pens' a-ting. 

* €OM'PEN-SA-TED, pp. Recompensed ; supplied with an 
equivalent in amount or effect ; rewarded. 

* €OM'PEN-SA-TING, ppr. Giving an equivalent ; recom- 
pensing; remunerating. 

€OM-PEN-Sa'TION, 71. 1. That which is given or received 
as an equivalent for services, debt, want, loss, or sufter- 
ing ; amends ; remuneration ; recompense. — 2. In larc, 
a set-off ; the payment of a debt by a credit of equal 
amount. 

GOM-PEN'SA-TTVE, a. Making amends or compensation. 
€OM-PEN'SA-TO-RY, a. Serving for compensation ; mak- 
ing amends. 

t GOM-PENSE', V, u To recompense, 
f GOM-PE-REN'DI-NATE, v. t. [L. compcrendino.] To 
delay. 

t GOM-PE-REN-DI-NA'TION, n. Delay ; dilatoriness. 
GOM-PeTE', V. i. [L. compete.] 1. To seek, or strive for 
the same thing a.s another ; to carry on competition or 
rivalry. 2. To strive or claim to be equal. Miner. 
GOMPE-TENCE, ) n. [Ij. competens.] 1. Sufficiency; 
GOM'PE-TEN-CY, | such a quantity as is sufficient ; 
property or means of subsistence sufficient to furnish the 
necessaries and eonveniencies of life, without superfluity. | 


2. Sufficiency, applied to other things than property, a. 
Legal capacity or qualifications ; fitness. 4. Right or au 
thority ; legal power or capacity to take cognizance of a 
cause. 5. Fitness ; adequacy ; suitableness ; legal suffi- 
ciency. 

GOMPE-TENT, a. 1. Suitable; fit; convenient; hence, 
sufficient, that is, fit for the purpose ; adequate. 2. Qual- 
ified ; fit ; having legal capacity or power. 3. Incident ; 
belonging ; having adequate power or right. 

GOM'PE-TENT-LY, adv. Sufficiently ; adequately ; suit- 
ably ; rea.sonably. 

I GOM-PET'I-BLE. See Comtatielb. 

f GOM-PET'I-BLE-NESS, n. Suitableness ; fitness. 

GOM-PeT'ING, ppr. Striving in rivalry. 

G0M-PE-TI"T10N, n. [Low L. cojnpetitio.] 1. The act of 
seeking, or endeavoring to gain, what another is endeav- 
oring to gain, at the same time ; rivalry ; mutual strife for 
the same object; also, strife for superiority. 2. A state 
of rivalship ; a state of having equal claims. 3. Double 
claim ; claim of more than one to the same thing. 

GOM-PET'I-TOR, n. 1. One who seeks and endeavors to 
obtain what another seeks ; or one who claims what an- 
other claims ; a rival. 2. An opponent. 

GOM-PETT-TO-RY, a. Rivaling ; acting in competition. 
Dangers of the Country. 

GOM-PET'I-TRESS, \ 

V IGIT13-10 competitor# 

GOM-PI-La'TION, 77. 1. A collection of certain parts of a 
book or books into a separate book or pamphlet. 2. A 
collection or assemblage of other substances; or the act of 
collecting and forming an aggregate. 

t GOM-PI-LA^TOR, n. A collector. 

GOM-PILE', V. t. [L. compilo.] 1. To collect parts or pas- 
sages of books or writings into a book or pamphlet ; to se- 
lect and put together parts of an author, or to collect parts 
of different authors ; or to collect and arrange separate 
papers, laws or customs, in a book, code or system. 2. To 
w'rite ; to compose. 3. To contain; to comprise; {not 
7<5crf.] 4. To make up ; to compose ; [not xised.] 5. To 
put together ; to build ; [not used.] ^ 

GOM-PIL'ED, (kom-plld') pp. Collected from authors ; se- 
lected and put together. 

GOM-PiLE'MENT, n. The act of piling together or heap- 
ing ; coacervation. [Little used.] 

GOM-PiL'ER, 71. A collector of parts of authors, or of sep- 
arate pa;^rs or accounts ; one who forms a book or com- 
position from various authors or separate papers. 

GOM-PiL'ING, ppr. Collecting and arranging parts of books, 
orsepamte papers, in a body or composition. 

GOM-PLa'CP^NCE, 'In. [L. complacens.] 1. Pleasure ; sat- 

GOM-PLa'CEN-CY, I isfaction ; gratification. 2. The 
cause of pleasure or joy. 3. Complaisance ; civility ; 
softness of manners ; deportment and address that afibrd 
pleasure. — In the latter sense, complaisance^ from the 
French, is now used. See Complaisance. 

GOM-PLa'CENT, a. Civil ; complaisant. Burke. 

GOM-PLA-CEN'TIAL, a. Marked by complacence; ac- 
commodating. Ch. Relig. Appeal. 

GOM-PLaGENT-LY, adv. Softly ; in a complacent man- 
ner. 

GOM-PLaIN', v.i. [Yx. complaindre.] 1. To utter expres- 
sions of grief; to lament. 2. To utter expressions of 
censure or resentment ; to murmur ; to find fault. 3. To 
utter expressions of uneasiness or pain. 4. To charge ; 
to accuse of an offense ; to present an accusation against 
a pei-son to a proper officer. 5. To represent injuries, 
particularly in a writ of audita querela. 

GOM-PLaIN', V. t. To lament ; to bewail. 

t GOM-PLaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be complained of. 

GOM-PLaIN'ANT, n. [Fr. complaignant.] 1. A prosecu- 
tor ; one who prosecutes by complaint, or commences a 
legal process against an oftender. 2. The plaintiff in a 
writ of audita querela. 

GOM-PLaIN'ER, 71. One who complains, or expresses 
grief ; one who laments ; one who finds fault ; a mur- 
murer. 

t GOM-PLaIiWUL, a. Full of complaint. 

GOM-PLAIN'ING, ppr. Expressing grief, sorrow or cen- 
sure ; finding fault ; murmuring ; lamenting ; accusing of 
an offense. 

GOM-PLAIN'ING, 71. The expression of regret, sorrow, or 
injury. 

GOM-PLAINT', 71. [Yr. complainte.] 1. Expression of grief, 
regret, pain, censure, or resentment; lamentation; mur- 
muring ; a finding finilt. 2. The cause or subject of 
complaint, or murmuring. 3. The cause of complaint, or 
of pain and uneasiness in the body ; a malady ; a disease ; 
usually applied to disorders not violent. 4. Accusation ; 
a charge against an offender. 5. Representation of inju- 
ries, in a general sense ; and, appropriately^ in a w’rit of 
audita querela. 

GOM'PLAI-SANCE, (kom'pla-zance) n. [Yr. complaisance.] 
1. A pleasing deportment ; courtesy ; that manner of ad- 
dress and behavior in social intercourse which gives pleas- 


♦ See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, tJ, Y, long.—YA-R, FALL, WHAT PR£Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


COM 169 COM 


ure ; civility ; obliging condescension ; kind and affable 
reception and treatment of guests j exterior acts of civility. 
2. Condescension ; obliging compliance with the wishes 
or humors of others. 3. Desire of pleasing ; disposition 
to oblige. 

COAhPLAI-SANT, (kom'pla-zant) a. 1. Pleasing in man- 
ners j courteous 5 obliging j desirous to please. 2. Civil, 
courteous ; polite. 

COiM'PLAl-SANT-LY, (kom'pla-zant-ly) adv. In a pleas- 
ing manner j with civility j with an obliging, affable ad- 
dress or deportment. 

COAI'PLAl-SANT-NESS, ». Civility; complaisance. \_Little 

sscL J 

COAPPLA-NATE, ) v, t. [L. complano.] To make level; 

COM-PLaNE', ^ to reduce to an even surface. 

COAI-PLeAT'. See Complete. 

COAl'PLE-AIENT, n. [L. complementum.] 1. Fulness ; 
completion ; whence, perfection. 2. Full quantity or 
number ; the quantity or number limited. 3. That which 
is added, not as necessary, but as ornamental ; something 
adventitious to the main thing ; ceremony. [See Compli- 
ment.] — 4. In geometry^ what remains of the quadrant of 
a circle, or of ninety degrees, after any arch has been 
taken from it. — 5. In astronomy^ the distance of a star 
from the zenith. — 6. Arithmetical complement of a loga- 
rithm, is what the logarithm wants of 10,000,000. — 7. In 
fortification y the complement of the curtain is that part in 
the interior side which makes the deinigorge. 

COiM-PLE-AIENT'AL, a. Filling ; supplying a dehciency ; 
completing. 

t COAI-PLE-AIENT'A-RY, n. One skilled in compliments. 

COAI-PLeTE', a. [L. completus.] 1. Having no deficiency; 
jierfect. 2. Finished ; ended ; concluded. — 3. In botany , 
a complete flower is one furnished with a calyx and co- 
rolla ; or having all the parts of a flower. 

COAI-PLeTE', V. t. 1. To finish ; to end ; to perfect. 2. 
To fill ; to accomplisli. 3. To fullfil ; to accomplish ; to 
perform. 

COAI-PLeT^ED, pp. Finished ; ended ; perfected; fullfill- 
ed ; accomplished. 

COAI-PLeTE'LY, adv. Fully; perfectly; entirely. 

COAI-PLeTE'AIENT, 71. The act of completing ; a finishing. 

COAI-PLeTE^NESS, 7t. The state of being complete ; per- 
fection ._ 

COAI-PLeT^ING, ppr. Finishing ; perfecting ; accomplish- 
ing. 

COAI-PLe'TION, 71. 1. Fulfillment ; accomplishment. 2. 
Act of completing ; state of being complete ; utmost ex- 
tent ; perfect state. 

COAI-PLe'TIVE, a. Filling ; making complete. Harris. 

€0AI'PLE-T0-RY, a. Fulfilling ; accomplishing. 

€0 APPLE -TO-RY, n. The evening service ; the complin 
of the Romish church. 

COAPPLEX, or €OAI-PLEX'ED, a. [L. complexus.'\ 1. 
Composed of two or more parts or things ; composite ; not 
simple ; including two or more particulars connected. 

2. Involved ; difficult. 

COAPPLEX, 71. Assemblage ; collection ; complication. 
[Little ?7sed.] 

€OAI-PLEX'ED-NESS, n. Complication ; involution of parts 
in one integral ; compound state. 

COAI-PLEX'ION, (kom-plex'yun) n. 1. Involution; a com- 
plex state ; [little used.'\ 2. The color of the skin, partic- 
ularly of the face ; the color of the external parts of a body 
or thing. 3. The temperament, habitude, or natural dis- 
position of the body ; the peculiar cast of the constitution, 
which gives it a particular physical character. 

COAI-PLEX'ION-AL, a. Depending on or pertaining to 
complexion. 

COAI-PLEX'ION-AL-LY, adv. By complexion. Brown. 

COAI-PLEX'ION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to the complexion, 
or to the care of it. 

COAI-PLEX'IONED, a. Having a certain temperament or 
state. 

COM-PLEX'I-TY, 71. The state of being complex ; coni- 
plexness. 

COAITLEX-LY, adv. In a complex manner ; not simply. 

COAPPLEX-NESS, ti. The state of being complex or in- 
volved. 

COAI-PLEX^URE, n. The involution or complication of 
one thing with others. 

€OAI-PLT'A-BLE, a. That can bend or yield. 

COAI-PLI'ANGE, n. 1. The act of complying ; a yielding, 
;is to a request, wish, desire, demand or proposal ; conces- 
sion ; submission. 2. A disposition to yield to others. 

3. Obedience ; followed by with. 4. Performance ; exe- 
cution. 

€OAI-PLFANT, a. 1. Yielding, bending. 2. Yielding to 
request or desire ; civil ; obliging. 

€OAI-PLI'ANT-LY, adv. In a yielding manner. 

€OAI'PLI-€A-CY, n. A state of being complex or intricate. 

GOAPPLI-GATE, v. t [L. complico.'] 1. Literally ^ to inter- 
weav'e ; to fold and twist together. Hence, to make 
complex ; to involve ; to entangle ; ^ unite or connect 


mutually or intimately, as different things or parts. 2. 
To make intricate. 

GOAPPLI-GATE, a. 1. Complex ; composed of two or more 
parts united. — 2. In botany^ folded together, as the valves 
of the glume or chaff in some grasses. 

GOAI'PLl-GA-TED, pp. Interwoven ; entangled ; involved ; 
intricate ; composed of two or more things or parts united. 

GOAPPLI-GATE-LY, adv. In a complex manner. 

GOAPPLI-GATE-NESS, 7i. The state of being complicated; 
involution ; intricacy ; perplexity. 

GOAPPLI-GA-TING, Interweaving; infolding ; unit- 
ing. 

GOAL PLI-G action, n. 1. The act of interweaving, or in- 
volving two or more things or parts ; the state of being 
interwoven, involved or intimately blended. 2. Tlie 
integral consisting of many things involved or interwoven, 
or mutually united. ; 

GOAPPLiCE, 7i. [It. complice.] One who is united with 
another in the commission of a crime, or in an ill design ; 
an associate or confederate in some unlawful act or de- 
sign ; an accomplice. The latter is now used. See Ac- 
complice. 

GOAI-PLPED, (kom-plide') pret. of comply. 

GOAI-PLI'ER, 71. One who complies, yields or obeys ; a 
person of ready compliance ; a man of an easy, yielding 
temper. 

GOAITLI-AIENT, n. [Fr. id. ; It. complimento .] J. An ex- 
pression of civility, respect or regard. 2. A present or 
favor bestowed. 

GOAPPLI-AIENT, v.t. 1. To praise ; to flatter by expres- 
sions of approbation, esteem or respect. 2. To congratu- 
late ; as, to compliment a prince on the birth of a son. 
3. To bestow a present ; to manifest kindness or regard 
for, by a present or other favor. 

GOAPPLI-AIENT, v.i. To pass compliments; to use cere- 
mony, or ceremonious language. 

GOAl-PLI-AIENT'AL, a. Expressive of civility or respect ; 
implying compliments. 

GOAI-PLI-AIENT'AL-LY, adv. In the nature of a compli- 
ment ; by way of civility, or ceremony. 

COAI-PLI-AIENT'A-RY, a. Complimental ; gratulatory; 
congratulatory ; flattering. 

GOAPPLI-AIENT-ER, n. One who compliments ; one given 
to compliments ; a flatterer. 

GOAPPLINE, or GOAPPLIN, v. [Fr. complie.] The last 
division of the Romish breviary ; the last prayer at night, 
to be recited after sunset. 

GOAPPLISH, for accomplish, is not now used. 

t GOM-PLoRE', V. i. [L. comploro.] To lament together. 

* GOAPPLOT, n. [con, or com, and plot.] A plotting togeth- 
er; a joint plot; a plot; a confederacy in some evil de- 
sign ; a conspiracy. 

GOAI-PLOT', V. t. To plot together; to comspire ; to form a 
plot ; to join in a secret design, generally criminal. 

GOAI-PLOT'AIENT, -n. A plotting together; conspiracy. 

GOAI-PLOT'TED, pp. Plotted together ; contrived. 

GOAI-PLOT'TER, 7i. One joined in a plot ; a conspirator. 

GOAI-PLOT'TING, ppr. Plotting together ; consjiiniig ; con- 
triving an evil design or crime. 

GOAI-PLY', V. i. ; pret. complied. [It. compiacere.] 1. To 
comply with, to fulfill ; to perfect or carry into effect ; to 
complete ; to perform or execute. 2. To yield to ; to be 
obsequious ; to accord ; to suit. 

GOAI-PLY'ING lait/i, PP'. Fulfilling; performing; yielding 
to. 

f GOAI-PON'DER-ATE, v. t. [L. compondero.] To weigh 
together. 

GOAI-PoNE^, ) In heraldry, a bordure compone is that 

GOAI-Po'NED, I formed or composed of a row of angular 
parts or checkers of two colors. 

GOAI-Po'NENT, a. [L. componens.] Literally, setting or 
placing together ; hence, composing ; constituting ; form- 
ing a compound. 

GOAI-PoRT', 77. i. [li. comportare ; Yr.comportcr.] To corn- 
po7’t tcith, literally, to bear to or with ; to carry together. 
Hence, to agree with ; to suit ; to accord. 

GOAI-PoRT', 77. t. 1. TVith the reciprocal pronoun, to be- 
have ; to conduct. Burke. [Little used.] 2. To bear ; to 
endure^ [JVbi used.] 

* GOAPPoRT, 71. Behavior ; conduct ; manner of acting. 
[Rarely used.] 

€OAI-P5RT'A-BLE, a. Suitable ; consistent. 

t GOAI-PoRT'ANCE, n. Behavior; deportment. 

f GOAI-PoRT-a'TION, 71. An assemblage. 

I GOAI-PoRT^AIENT, n. Behavior ; demeanor ; manner of 
acting. Addison. 

GOAI'POS AIEN'TIS. [L. con and po5.] Possessed of mind ; 
in a sound state of mind. 

GOAI-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. comjfoser.] 1. To fomi a compound, 
or one entire body or thing, by uniting two or more tilings, 
parts or individuals. 2. To invent and put together 
words and sentences ; to make, as a discourse or writing ; 
to write, as an author. 3. To constitute, or form, ai5 
parts of a whole. 4. To calm ; to quiet; to appease; to 


* See Synopsis. AIOVE, BQOK, DoVE ; — BIJLL, UNITE. — G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


\ 


COM 1?0 COM 


tysuKiXiilize j that is, to set or lay. 5. To settle ; to adjust. 

6. To place in proper form, or in a quiet state. 7 . lo set- 
tle into a quiet state. 8. To dispose ; to put in a proper 
state for any purpose. — 9 . In printings to set types or char- 
acters in a composing stick, from a copy, arranging the 
letters in the proper order. — 10 . In vuisic, to form fv tune 
or piece of music with notes, arranging them on the stave 
in such a manner as, when sung, to produce harmony. 

€OM-PoS'ED, (kom-pozd') pp. 1 . 8et together, or in due or- 
der ; formed j constituted ; calmed ; quieted ; settled ; ad- 
justed. 2 . a. Calm j sedate 3 quiet 3 tranquil 3 free from 
agitation. 

€OM-PoS'ED-LY, adv. Calmly 3 seriously 3 sedately. 

COM-PoS'ED-NESS, 71 . A state of being composed 3 calm- 
ness 5 sedateness 3 tranquillity. 

€OM-PoS'ER, 71. 1 . One who composes 3 one who writes 
an original work, as distinguished from a compiler 3 an 
author 3 also, one who forms tunes, whether he adapts 
them to particular words or not. 2 . One wlio quiets or 
calms 5 one who adjusts a ditference. 

COM-POS'ING, pp*. Placing together 3 forming 3 constitut- 
ing 3 w’riting an original work 3 quieting 3 settling 3 adjust- 
ing 5 setting types. 

C 0 M-POS'E\G-STIGK, 71. Among printers, an instrument 
on which types are set from the cases, adjusted to the 
length of the lines. 

COM-POS ITE, a. In architecture, the Comimsite order is 
the last of the five orders of columns 3 so called because 
its capital is composed out of those of the other orders or 
columns. — Composite 7 iumbc 7 ‘s are such as can be meas- 
ured exactly by a number exceeding unity, as G by 2 
or 3 . 

COM-PO-Sl"TION, 71 . 1 . In a gC 7 ieral sense, the act of 
composing, or that which is composed 3 the act of forming 
a whole or integral, by placing together and uniting differ- 
ent things, parts or ingredients 3 or the whole body, mass 
or compound, thus formed. — 2. In literature, the act of 
inventing or combining ideas, clothing them with words, 
arranging them in order, and, in general, committing them 
to paper, or otherwise writing them. 3 . A written or 
printed work 3 a writing, pamphlet or book. — 4 . In music, 
the act or art of forming tunes 3 or a tune, song, anthem, 
air, or other musical piece. 5 . The state of being placed 
together 3 union 3 conjunction 3 combination. 6. The dis- 
position or arrangement of figures connected in a picture. 

7 . Adjustment 3 orderly disposition. 8. Mutual agree- 
ment to terms or conditions. 0 . Mutual agreement for 
the discliarge of a debt, on terms or by means different 
from those required by the original contract, or by law, as 
by the payment of a different sum, or by making other 
compensation. Hence, the sum so j>aid, or compensation 
given, in lieu of that stipulated or required. 10 . Consist- 
ency 5 congruity 3 [little used.] 11. The act of uniting 
simple ideas in a complex idea or conception 3 opposed to 
anahjsis. 12 . The joining of two words in a compound, 
as in book-case ; or the act of forming a word with a prefix 
or affix, which varies its signification 3 as return, from 
turjx. 13 . The synthetical method of reasoning 3 synthe- 
sis 3 a method of reasoning from known or admitted truths 
or principles, as from axioms, postulates or propositions 
previously demonstrated, and from these deducing a clear 
knowledge of the thing to be proved. — 14 . In p 7 -inting, 
the act of setting types or characters in the composing- 
stick, to form lines, and of arranging the lines in a galley, 
to make a column or page, and from this to make a form. 
— 15 . In chemistry, the combination of different sub- 
stances, or substances of different natures, by affinity. 

COM-POS'I-TOR, 71 . 1 . In printing, one who sets types, and 
makes up the pages and forms. 2. One who sets in order. 
€OM-POS'I-TI VE, a. Compounded 3 or having the power 
of compounding. 

COM-POS-SES'SOR, n. A joint possessor. 

fCOM-POS'SI-BLE, a. Consistent. 

COlNPPoST, 71 . [It. composta.] In agriculture, a mixture 
or composition of various manuring substances for fertiliz- 
ing laud. 

COM 'Post, V. t. To manure with compost. 

t COM-POST'URE, n. ^oil ; manure. 

COM-PoS'URE, (korn-po'zhur) 71. 1 . The act of composing, 
or that which is composed 3 a composition. 2 . Composi- 
tion ; combination 3 arrangement 3 order 3 [little used.] 

3 . The form, adjustment, or disposition of the various 
parts. 4 . Frame 3 make ; temperament. 5 . A settled state 
of the mind 3 sedateness; calmness 3 tranquillity. 6. 
Agreement 3 settlement of differences 3 composition. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

COM-PO-T ACTION, n. [h. compotatio.] The act of drink- 
ing or tippling together. 

COM'PO-TA-TOR, n. One wlio drinks with another. 

GOM-POUND', V. t. [L. compono.] 1 . To mix or unite 
two or more ingredients in one mass or body. 2 . To unite 
or combine. 3 . To compose 3 to constitute 3 [not 7ised.] — 

4 . In grammar, to unite two or more words ; to form one 
word of two or more. 5 . To settle amicably 3 to adjust 


by agreement 3 as a difference or controversy. 6. To pay 
by agreement 3 to discharge, as a debt, by paying a part, 
or giving an equivalent different from tliat stipulated or 
required. — To compound felony, is for the |)erson robbed 
to take the goods again, or other compensation, upon an 
agreement not to prosecute the thief or robber. 

GOM-POUND', V. i. 1 . To agree upon concession ; to come 
to terms of agreement, by abating something of tlie first 
demand. 2 . To bargain in the luinp 3 to agree. 3 . To 
come to terms, by granting something on each side 3 to 
agree. 4 . To settle with a creditor by agreement, and 
discharge a debt by paying a part of its amount 3 or to 
make an agreement to pay a debt by means or in a man- 
ner different from that stipulated or required by law. — To 
compound 7cith a fehm, is to take the goods stolen, or 
other amends, upon an agreement not to prosecute 
him. 

GOM'POUND, a. 1 . Composed of two or more ingredients. 
— 2 . In granwiar, composed of two or more words. — 3 . In 
botamj, a compound jiower is a species of aggregate flower, 
containing several florets, inclosed in a common perianth, 
on a common receptacle. 

COM POUND, 71 . A mass or body formed by the union or 
mixture of two or more ingredients or different substances 3 
the result of composition. 

COM- POUND' A-BLE, a. Capable of being compounded. 

COM-POUND'ED, pp. Made up of difterent materials 3 mix- 
ed 3 formed b}' union of two or more substances. 

GOM-POUND Ell, 71 . 1 . One who compounds or mixes dif- 
ferent things. 2 . One who attempts to bring parties to 
terms of agreement 3 [little xiscd.] 

G 03 I-POUND ING, ppr. Uniting different substances in one 
body or mass ; forming a mixed body 3 agreeing by con- 
cession, or abatement of demands 3 discharging a debt by 
agreement to pay less than the original sum, or in a differ- 
ent manner. 

GOM‘-PllE-HEND', v. t. [L. comprehendo.] 1 . To contain 3 
to include 3 to comprise. 2 . To imply 3 to contain or 
include by implication or construction. 3 . To under- 
stand 3 to conceive 3 that is, to take, hold or contain in 
tlie mind ; to possess or to have in idea. 

GOM-PRE-IIEND'ED, pp. Contained 3 included 3 imp! ed 3 
understood. 

GOM-PRE-HEND'ING, ppr. Including 3 comprising 3 under- 
standing 3 implying. 

GOM-PIlE-HEN'iSl-BLE, a. [L. co 7 npr€hensibilis.] 1 . That 
may be comprehended, or included 3 possible to be com- 
prised. 2 . Capable of being understood 3 intelligible 3 con 
ceivable bv the mind. 

GOxM-PRE-HEN Si-BLE-NESS, n. Capability of being un- 
derstood. 

GOM-PRE-HEN'SI-BLY, adc. With great extent of em- 
brace, or comprehension 3 with large extent of significa- 
tion 3 in a manner to comprehend a large circuit. 

GOM-PRE-IIEN'SION, n. [L. comprehensio.] 1 . The act 
or quality of comprehending, or containing 3 a comprising. 
2 . An including or containing within a narrow compriss 3 
a summary 3 an epitome or compend. 3 . Capacity of the 
mind to understand 3 power of tlie understanding to re- 
ceive and contain ideas 3 capacity of knowing. — In rheto- 
7 ’ic, a trope or figure by which the name of a whole is put 
for a part, or that of a part for a whole, or a definite num- 
ber for an indefinite. 

GOM-PRE-IIEN'SIVE, a. I. Having the quality of compris- 
ing much, or including a great extent 3 extensive. 2 . Hav- 
ing tlie power to comprehend or understand many things 
at once. 

GOM-PRE-IIEN'SIVE-LY, adv. 1 . In a comprehensive 
manner 3 with great extent of embrace. 

GOM-PRE-HEN'! 81 VE-NESS, «. 1 . The quality of being 
comprehensive, or of including much extent. 2 . The 
quality of including much in a few words or narrow com- 
pass. 

fCOM-PRE-HEN'SOR, 71. One who has obtained knowl- 
edge. Hall. 

GOM-PRES-BY-Te'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the Presbyte- 
rian form of ecclesiastical ministration. 

GOM-PRESS', V, t. [L. compressus.] 1 . To press together by 
external force 3 to force, urge or drive into a narrow'er 
compass 3 to crowd. 2. To embrace carnally. 3 . To 
crowd 3 to bring within narrow limits or space. 

GOM'PRESS, 71 . In surgery, a bolster of soft linen cloth, 
with several folds, used by surgeons to cover a plaster or 
dressing. 

GOM-PRESS'ED, (kom-prest') pp. 1 . Pressed or squeezed 
together 3 forced into a narrow or narrower compass 3 em- 
braced carnally. — 2 . In botany, flatted 3 having the two 
opposite sides plane or flat. 

GOM-PREt?S-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being compress- 
ible, or yielding to pressure 3 the qualitj' of being capa- 
ble of compression into a smaller space or compass. 

GOM-PRESy'I-BLE, a. Cai)able of being forced or driven 
into a narrower compass 3 yielding to pressure 3 giving 
way to a force applied. 



*See Synopsis. A, K, T, o, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


COM 171 CON 


GOM*PRESS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Compressibility 5 the quality 
of being compressible. 

C03I-PRES'Si0N, n. 1, The act of compressing, or of 
pressing into a narrower compass ; the act of forcing the 
parts of a body into closer union or density, by the appli- 
cation of force. 2. The state of being compressed. 
COM-PRESS'lVE, a. Having power to compress. 
COM-PRESS'URE, n. The act or force of one body pressing 
against aiiother ; pressure, 
t COM'PRIeST, 7t. A fellow priest. Milton. 

COM-PRINT^, V. i. [See Print.] To print together. It is 
taken, in law^ for the deceitful printing of another’s copy, 
or book_, to the prejudice of the proprietor. [Little tised.] 
€OM-PRlS'AL, n. The act of comprising or comprehend- 
ing. Barrow. 

COM-PRISE', V. t. [Fr. compris.'\ To comprehend; to con- 
tain ; to include ; as, the substance of a discourse may be 
comprised in a few words. 

COM-PRIS'ED, (kom-prizd')pp. Comprehended ; contained. 
COM-PRIS'ING, ppr. Containing ; including ; comprehend- 
ing. 

COilsPPRO-BATE, v. i. To agree in approving ; to concur 
in testimony. Klyot. 

COM-PRO-Ba'TION, n. [h. comprohatio.'] Proof ; joint at- 
testation. [Little itsed.] 

CO.M'PRO-MISE, 71. [L. compromvisum.'\ 1. A mutual 
promise or contract of two parties in controversy, to refer 
their differences to the decision of arbitrators. 2. Af^ 
amicable agreement between parties in controversy, to 
settle their differences by mutual concessions. 3. Mutual 
agreement; adjustment. 

COM'PRO-MiSE, V. t. 1. To adjust and settle a difference 
by mutual agreement, with concessions of claims by the 
parties; to compound. 2. To agree; to accord. 3. To 
commit ; to put to hazard ; to pledge by some act or dec- 
laration. 

t COM'PRO-MTSE, v. i. To agree ; to accord. Fuller. 
COM'PKO-MISED, pp. Settled by agreement with mutual 
concessions. 

€OM'PRO-Ml5-ER, n. One who compromises. 
€OM'PRO-MTS-ING, ppr. Adjusting by agreement. 
€’OM-PROM-[S-So'RI-AL, a. Relating to a compromise. 
COM'PRO-MIT, V. t. [Fr. compromettre.] To pledge or en- 
gage, by some act or declaration, which may not be a di- 
rect promise, but which renders necessary some future 
act. Hence, to put to hazard, by some previous act or 
measure, which cannot be recalled. 

€0M'PR()-M1T-ED, pp. Pledged by some previous act or 
declaration. 

€OM'PRO-MlT-ING, ppr. Pledging; exposing to hazard. 
€OM-PRO-VINdAL, n. One belonging to the same prov- 
ince or archiepiscopal jurisdiction. 
fOOMPT, (comt) n. [Fr. compte.] Account; computation, 
i GOMPT, u. t. To compute. Sec Count. 
f COMP7’, a. [L. comjdus.] Neat ; spruce. 
jeOMPTT-BLE, a. Accountable; subject; submissive. 

I COMPT'LY, adw. Neatly. Sherwood. 
t COMPT'NESS, 71. Neatness. Sherwood. 

COMP'TON-ITE, 77. A newly-discovered mineral. 
COMP-TRoLIV, from Fr. compter, L. computo, to count or 
compute, and rolle, a register. If this word were of gen- 
uine origin, both the verb and its derivative, comptroller, 
as applied to a public officer, would not be sense. But 
there is no such legitimate word in English, nor in any 
other known language. See Control. 
€OM-PULS'A-TIVE, or COM-PULS'A-TO-RY, a. [L. 
compulsu^.^ Compelling ; forcing ; constraining ; ope- 
rating by force. 

COM-PULS'A-TIVE-LY, adv. By constraint or compul- 
sion. 

COM-PUL'SION, 77. [Low L. compulsio.'] 1 . The act of 
driving or urging by force, physical or moral ; force ap- 
plied ; constraint of the will ; the application of a force 
that is irresistible. 2. The state of being compelled or 
urged by violence. 

COM-PUL'SIV'E, a. Having power to compel; driving; 

forcing; constraining; applying force. 
CQM-PlJL'SIVE-LY, adv. By compulsion ; by force. 
COM-PUL'SIVE-NESS, 77. Force; compulsion. 
COM-PULS'O-RI-LY, ado. In a compulsory manner; by 
force or constraint. 

COM-PULS'O-RY, a. Having the power or quality of com- 
pelling ; applying force ; driving by violence ; constrain- 
ing. 

f COM-PUNCT', a. Pricked ; stimulated. 
COM-PUNC'TION, 77. [L. compunctio.'\ 1 . A pricking ; 
stinjulation ; irritation. 2. A pricking of heart ; poignant 
grief or remorse, proceeding from a consciousness of guilt ; 
the sting of conscience proceeding from a conviction of 
having violated a moral duty. 

COM-PUNC'TIOUS, a. Pricking the conscience ; giving 
pain for offenses committed. 

COM-PUNC'TIVE, a. Causing remorse. 

COM-PU'PIL, 77. A fellow pupil. [Little «sed.] 


COM-PUR-GA'TION, 77. [L. compurgo.] In law, the ftcf C? 
practice of justifying a man by the oath of others, whe? 
swear to their belief of his veracity. 

COM-PUR-Ga'TOR, 77. One who bears testimony or swears 
to the veracity or innocence of another. 

COM-Pu'TA-BLE, a. Capable of being computed, number- 
ed or reckoned. 

t COMTLT-TATE, v. t. To account; to reckon. Cockcram . 

COM-PU-Ta'TION, 77. [L. computatio.] 1. The act of 
computing, numbering, reckoning or estimating ; the pro- 
cess by which different sums or particulars are numbered, 
estimated or compared. 2. The sum, quantity or amount 
ascertained by computing or reckoning. 3. Calculation. 

COM-PuTE', u. t. [h. computo.] 1. To number ; to count ; 
to reckon ; to cast together several sums or particulars, to 
ascertain the amount or aggregate. 2. To cast or estimate 
in the mind ; to estimate the amount by known or suppos- 
ed data^ 3. To calculate. 

t COM-PuTE', 77. Computation. Brown. 

COM-PuT'ED, pp. Counted ; numbered ; reckoned ; esti- 
mated 

COM-PuT'ER, 77. One who computes, a reckoner; a calcu- 
lator. Swift. 

COM-PuT'ING, ppr. Counting; numbering; reckoning; 
estimating. 

fCOM'PC-TIST, 77. A computer. IVotton. 

^COM'RADE, 77. [Fr. camarade.'[ A fellow; a mate or com- 
panion ; an associate in occupation. 

t COM'RoGUE, 77. A fellow rogue. 

CON. A Latin inseparable preposition or prefix to other 
words. In compounds, it is changed into I before I, as 
in colligo, to collect, and into m before a labial, as in 
comparo, to compare. Before a vowel or h, the 77 is drop- 
ped ; as in coalesco, to cotilesce, to cooperate; cohibeo, to 
resti-ain. It denotes union, as in conjoin^ or opposition, 
as in conflict, contend. 

CON. [abbreviated from Latin contra, against.] In the 
phrase pro and con^ for and against, con denotes the neg- 
ative side of a question. As a noun, a person who is in 
the negative ; as, the pros and cons. 

CON, u. t. [Sax. cc/777rt77, connan, cunnan.] 1. To know; 
[oZ»s.] 2. To make one’s self master of ; to fix in the 
mind, or commit to memory; as, to con a lesson. Milton. 
— To con thanks, to be pleased or obliged, or to thank ; 

i o^»s.] Shale. 

-NA'TUi?, 77. [L.] 1. Effort; attempt 2. The tenden- 

cy of a body towards any point. Paley. 
CON-CAM'ER-ATE, 7;. t. [L. co77ca777 f7-o.] To arch over; 

to vault ; to lay a concave over. 

CON-CAM'ER-A-T’El), jp. Arched over. 
CON-CAM-ER-a'TION, 77 . An arching; an arch or vault. 
CON-CAT'E-NATE, v. t. [It. concatennre.] To link to- 
gether ; to unite in a successive series or chain, as things 
depending on each other. 

COiN-CAT'E-NA-TEU, pp. Linked together; united in a 
series. 

€ON-CAT-E-Na'TION, n. A series of links united ; a suc- 
cessive series or order of things connected or depending 
on each other. 

t CON-CAUiSE', 77. Joint cause. Fotherby. 

CON-CA-Va TION, 77 . The act of making concave. 
CON'CAVE, a. [L. concavus.] 1. Hollow, and arched or 
rounded, as the inner surface of a spherical body. 2. In 
botany, a concave leaf is one whose edge stands above the 
disk. 

CON'CAVE, 77. A hollow; an arch or vault; as, the ethe- 
real concave. 

CON'CAVE, V. t. To make hollow. Seward. 
CON'CAVE-NESS, 7?. Hollowness. 

CON-CAV'I-TY, 77. [U. concavitd.] Hollowness ; the inter- 
nal surface of a hollow spherical body, or a body of other 
figure ; or the space within such body. 
CON-Ca'VO-CON'CAVE, a. Concave or hollow on both 
siirf**iC0S» 

CON-Ca'VO-CON'VEX, a. Concave on one side, and con- 
vex on the other. 

CON-Ca'VOU;?, a. [L. co77ca?;w5.] Concave, which see. 
CON-Ca'VOUS-LY, adr. With hollowness; in a manner 
to discover the internal surface of a hollow sphere. 
CON-CeAL', V. t. [Low L. co77ceZo.] 1. To keep close or 
secret ; to forljear to disclose ; to withhold from utterance 
or declaration. 2. To hide ; to withdraw from observa- 
tion ;_to cover or keep from sight. 

CON-CeAL'A-BLE, a. That may be concealed, hid, or 
kept close. 

CON-CeAL'ED, (kon-seeld') pp. Kept close or secret ; hid; 

withdrawn from sight; covered. 

CON-CeAL'ED-LY, adv. So as not to be detected.^ 
tCON-CEAL'ED-NESS, 77. Privacy; obscurity. Diet. 
CON-CeAL'ER, 77. One who conceals. 

CON-CeAL'ING, ppr. Keeping close or secret; forbearing 
to disclose ; liiding ; covering. 

COxX-CeAL'ING, 77. Abiding; a withholding from disclo- 
sure. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE ; — BULk, UNITE. — C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 


CON 


172 CON 


COX-C£AL'MENT, n, 1. Forbearance of disclosure ; a 
keeping close or secret. 2. The act of hiding, covering, 
or withdrawing from sight. 3. The state of being hid or 
concealed ; privacy ; as, a project formed in concealment, 
4. The place of hiding ; a secret place 3 retreat from ob- 
servanon ; cover from sight. 

CON-CeDE', V. t. [L. concedo.'] 1. To yield ; to admit as 
true, just, or proper; to grant; to let pass undisputed. 
2. To allow ; to admit to be true. 

CON-CeDE', V. i. To admit ; to grant. Bentley. 

€OX-CeD'ED, pp. Yielded; admitted ; granted ; as, a 
question, proposition, fact or statement is conceded, 

€ON-CeD'ING, ppr. Yielding ; admitting ; granting. 

COX-CeIT', n, [It. concetto.] 1. Conception ; that vyhich 
is conceived, imagined or formed in the mind ; idea ; 
thought-; image. 2. Understanding; power or faculty of 
conceiving ; apprehension ; as, a man of quick conceit ; 
[nearly antiquated.] 3. Opinion ; notion ; fancy'; imagi- 
nation ; fantastic notion ; as, a strange or odd conceit. 4. 
Pleasant fancy ; gayety of imagination. 5. A striking 
thought ; affected or unnatural conception. 6. Favorable 
or self flattering opinion; a lofty or vain conception of 
one’s own person or accomplishments. — Out of conceit 
withj not having a favorable opinion of; no longer pleas- 
ed with. 

COX-CeIT', V. t. To conceive ; to imagine ; to think ; to 
fancy. _ 

f COX-(2 eIT', V. i. To form a notion ; to conceive. 

€OX-Ce 1T'ED, pp. 1. Conceived ; imagined ; fancied. 

2. part. a. Endowed with fancy or imagination ; [06s.] 

3. a. Entertaining a flattering opinion of one’s self ; hav- 
ing a vain or too high conception of one’s own person or 
accoinplishments ; vain. 

COX-Ce1T'ED-LY, ado. In a conceited manner; fanciful- 
ly ; whimsically. 

COX-CeIT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being conceited ; 
conceit ; vanity ; an overweening fondness of one’s own 
person or endowments. 

fCON-CElT'LESS, a. Of dull conception; stupid; dull of 
apprehension. Shak. 

COX-CeIV'A-BLE, a. [Fr. concevable.] 1. That may be 
imagined or thought ; capable of being framed in the 
mind by the fancy or imagination. 2. I’hat may be un- 
derstood or believed. 

COX-CeIV'A-BLE-XESS, n. The quality of being conceiv- 
able. _ 

COX-CeIV'A-BLY, ado. In a conceivable or intelligible 
manner. 

€OX-CeIVE', V. t. [Fr. concetwir.] 1. To receive into the 
womb, and breed ; to begin the formation of the embryo 
or fetus of an animal. 2. To form in the mind ; to ima- 
gine ; to devise. 3. To form an idea in the mind ; to un- 
derstand ; to comprehend. 4. To think ; to be of opinion ; 
to hav^e an idea; to imagine. 

COX-CeIVE', V. i. 1. To have a fetus formed in the womb; 
to breed ; to become pregnant. 2. To think ; to have a 
conception or idea. 3. To understand ; to comprehend ; 
to have a complete idea of. 

€OX-CeIV'ED, (kon-seevd') pp. Formed in the womb; 
frame^ in the mind ; devised ; imagined ; understood. 

€OX-CeIV'ER, n. One that conceives; one that compre- 
hend^. 

CON-CeIVTNG, ppr. Forming a fetus in the womb ; fram- 
ing in the mind ; imagining ; devising ; thinking • com- 
prehending. 

€ON-CElV'iXG, n. Apprehension ; conception. 

t GOX-CEL'E-BRATE, V. t. To celebrate together. 

CON-CEXT', n. [L. co^icentrts'.] 1. Concert of voices ; con- 
cord of sounds ; harmony. 2. Consistency ; accordance. 

COX-CENT'ED, part. a. 5lade to accord. Spenser. 

CON-CENT'FUL, a. Harmonious. Fotherby. 

CON-CEX'TRATE, V. t. 1. To bring to a common centre, 
or to a closer union ; to cause to approach nearer to a 
point or centre ; to bring nearer to each other. 2. To in- 
crease the specific gravity of bodies. 3. To free from ex- 
traneous matter ; as, to concentrate an acid. 

COX-CEX'TRA-TED, pp. Brought to a point or centre; 
brought to a closer union ; reduced to a narrow compass ; 
collected into a closer body. 

€OX-CEX'TRA-TING, ppr. Bringing to a point, or to 
closer union ; collecting into a closer body or narrow 
compass. 

GON-CEX-TRa'TIOX, 71. The act of concentrating ; the 
act of bringing nearer together ; collection into a central 
point ; compression into a narrow space ; the state of be- 
ing brought to a point. 

€ON-CEN'TRE, ) v. i. [Fr. co7icc/itrer.] To come to a point, 

€OX^-CEN'TER, | or to meet in a common centre ; nsed 
of Conner {Tins lines, or other thinrrs that meet in a point. 

UON-CEX'TRE, v. t. To draw or direct to a common cen- 
tre ; to bring to a point, as two or more lines or other 
things. 

CON-CEX'TRED, pp. Brought to a common centre ; unit- 
ed in a point. 


€ON-CEN'TRI€, a. [It. concentrico.] Having a common 
centre. 

GON-CEN'TRING, ppr. Tending to a common centre ; 
bringing to a centre. 

€ON-CENT'U-AL, a. Harmonious ; accordant. 

CON-CEP'TA-GLE, n. [L. conceptaculum.] 1. That in 
which any thing is contained ; a vessel ; a receiver or re- 
ceptacle. — 2. In botany, a follicle ; a pericarp of one valve, 
opening longitudinally on one side, and having the seeds 
loose in it. 

f CON-CEP'TI-BLE, a. That may be conceived; conceiv- 
able ; intelligible. 

€OX'-CEP'TION, 71. [L. conceptio.] 1. The act of conceiv- 
ing ; the first formation of the embryo or fetus of an ani- 
mal. 2. The state of being conceived. — 3. Inpnenmatcl- 
ogy, apprehension of any thing by the mind ; the act of 
conceiving in the mind. 4. Conception may be sometimes 
used for the power of conceiving ideas, as when we say, 
a thing is not within our conception. 5. Purpose conceiv- 
ed ; conception with reference to the performance of an 
act. 6. Apprehension ; knowledge. 7. Conceit ; afiected 
sentiment or thought. 

t COX^-CEP'TIOUS, a. Apt to conceive ; fruitful ; pregnant. 
Shak. 

€ON-CEP'TIVE, a. Capable of conceiving. [Little 
Brown. 

CON-CERN', V. t. [Fr. concerner.] 1. To relate or belong 
to. 2. To relate or belong to in an ernphatical manner ; 
to aflect the interest of ; to be of importance to. 3. To 
interest or aflect the passions ; to take an interest in ; to 
engage by feeling or sentiment. 4. To disturb ; to make 
uneasy ; [little used.] 5. To intermeddle. 

COIs-CERX^', n. 1. That which relates or belongs to one , 
business ; affair. 2. Interest ; importance ; moment ; that 
which affects the welfare or happiness. 3. Affection ; 
regard ; careful regard ; solicitude ; anxiety. 4. Persons 
connected in business ; or their affairs in general. 

CON-CERN'ED, (kon-sernd') pp. or a. 1. Interested ; engag- 
ed ; having a connection with that which may affect the 
interest, welfare or happiness. 2. Interested in business ; 
having connection in business. 3. Regarding with care ; 
solicitous ; anxious. 

€ON-CERX'ED-IiY, adv. With affection or interest. 

CON-CERX'IXG, ppr. [commonly, but not correctly, class- 
ed among prepositions.] Pertaining to ; regarding ; hav- 
ing relation to. 

t€ON-CERX'lNG, n. Business. Shak. 

GON-CERNOIENl^ n. i. The thi)ig in which one is con- 
cerned or interested ; concern ; affair ; business ; interest. 
2. A particular bearing upon the interest or happiness of 
one ; importance ; moment. 3. Concern ; interposition ; 
meddling. 4. Emotion of mind ; solicitude. 

CON-CERT', V. t. [It. concertare.] To contrive and settle 
by mutual communication of opinions or propositions ; to 
settle or adjust. 

CONCERT, 77. 1. Agreement of two or more in a design 
or plan ; union formed by mutual communication of opin- 
ions and views ; accordance in a scheme ; harmony. 2. 
A number or company of musicians, playing or singing 
the same piece of music at the same time ; or the music 
of a company of players or singers, or of both united. 3. 
A singing in company. 4. Accordance ; harmony. 

CON-CER-Ta'TION, 71. Strife ; contention. [Little W5cd. j 

t CON-CER'TA-Tl VE, a. Contentious ; quarrelsome. Diet. 

CON-CERT'0, 71. [It.] A piece of music for a concert. 
Mason . 

CON-CES'StON, 71. [L. co7icc5sio.] 1. The act of granting 
or yielding. 2. The thing yielded. — 3. In rhetoric or de- 
bate, the yielding, granting, or allowing to the opposite 
party some point or fact that may bear dispute, with a 
view to obtain something which cannot be denied, or to 
show that, even admitting the point conceded, the cause 
is not with the adverse party, but can be maintained by 
the advocate on other grounds. 4. Acknowledgment by 
way of apology ; confession of a fault. 

CON-CES'SION-A-RY, a. Yielding by indulgence or allow- 
ance. 

€ON-CES'SIVE, a. Implying concession. 

CON-CES'SIVE-LY, ado. By way of concession or yield- 
ing ; by way of admitting what may be disputable. 
Broicn. 

|CON-CET'TO, 71. [It.] Aflfected wit; conceit. [Mot Eng- 
lish.] 

CONCIT, 71. [L. concha.] A marine shell. 

CON-CHIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. concha Tmd fero.] Producing or 
having shells. 

CON-CHILT-OUS, a. Of or belonging to shells. 

CONCH'ITE, 71. A fossil or petrified conch or shell. 

€ON-€HOlD', 71. [conch, and Gr. ct^o?.] The name of a 
curve, given to it by its inventor, Nicomedes. 

€ON-€HOID'AL, a. In mineralogy, resembling a conch or 
marine shell ; having convex elevations, and concave de- 
pressions, like shells. 

€ON-€HO-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to conchology. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


CON 


173 


CON 


GON-CHOL^O*6lST, n. One versed in the natural history 
of shells or shell-fish ; one who studies the nature, prop- 
erties and habits of shells and their included animals. 

€ON-€HOL'O-0Y, 71. [Gr. and Xoyoj.] The doctrine 
or science of shells and shell-fish. 

€ON-€HOM'E-TER, ?i. [Gr. and ftcrpco),] An in- 

strument for measuring shells. 

€ON-CI1Y-La'CEOUS, a. Pertaining to shells j resembling 
ci slidl • 

€ON-€IlYL-I-OUO-GIST, ) Sometimes used as synonyms 

€0N-€HYL-I-0L'0-G Y, | of the preceding words j but 

they are words of inconvenient length, and useless. 

€ON'CIA-TOR, 71. In glass-works, the person who weighs 
and proportions the salt on ashes and sand, and who 
works and tempers them. 

€ON-CIeRGE', n. [Fr.] The keeper of a palace ; a house- 
keeper. 

f €ON-CIL'I-A-BLE, 71. [L.conciliabulum.] A small assem- 
bly. Bacon. 

€ON-CIL'IAR, a. Pertaining or relating to a council. [Lit- 
tle used.'] 

GON-CIL'IATE, v. t. [L. concilio.] 1. To lead or draw to, 
by moral influence or power ; to win, gain or engage, as 
the affections, favor or good will. ‘2. To reconcile, or 
bring to a state of friendship, as persons at variance. 

€ON -CILTA-TED, pp. Won; gained; engaged by moral 
influence, as by favor or affection ; reconciled. 

€ON-CIL'IA-TING, ppr. 1. Winning; engaging; recon- 
ciling. 2. a. Winning ; having the quality of gaining 
favor. 

€ON-CJL-I-A'TION, n. The act of winning or gaining, as 
esteem, favor or affection ; reconciliation. 

€ON-CiL-I-A'TOR, n. One who conciliates or reconciles. 

GON-CIL'IA-TO-RY, a. Tending to conciliate, or recon- 
cile ; tending to make peace between persons at variance ; 
pacific. 

f€ON-ClN^NATE, v. t. To make fit. Cockeram. 

CON-CIN'NI-TY, 71. [L. concinnitas.'\ 1. Fitness ; suita- 
bleness ; neatness ; [little used.~\ 2. A jingling of words. 

CON-CIN'NOUS, a. [L. concinnus.] Fit ; suitable ; agree- 
able ; becoming ; pleasant. 

t €ON-CIO-Na'TOR, 71. A preacher. 

€ON'CIO-NA-TO-RY, a. [L. concionato7'ius.\ Used in 
preaching, or discourses to public assemblies. 

GON-CISE', a. [L. co/icisus.] Brief ; short, applied to lan- 
guage or style ; containing few words ; comprehensive ; 
comprehending much in few words, or the principal mat- 
ters only. 

GON-CiSE'LY, adv. Briefly ; in few words ; comprehen- 
sively. 

GON-CTSE'NESS, n. Brevity in speaking or writing. 

GON-CIS'ION, n. [Low L. concisio.] Literally, a cutting 
off. Hence, in Scripture, the Jews, or those who adhered 
to circumcision. 

GON-CI-Ta^TION, 71. [L. concitatio.] The act of stirring 
up, exciting or putting in motion. 

f GON-CITE', 7J. t. [L. concito.] To excite. 

GON-GLA-Ma'TION, 71. [L. conclamatio.] An outcry or 
shout of many together. 

GON'GLAVE, n. [L. conclave.] 1. A private apartment, 
particularly the room in which the cardinals of the Rom- 
ish church meet in privacy, for the election of a pope. 2. 
The assembly or meeting of the cardinals, shut up for the 
election of a pope. 3. A private meeting ; a close assem- 
bly. 

GON-GLuDE', v. t. [L. concliLdo.] 1. To shut. 2. To in- 
clude ; to comprehend. 3. To collect by reasoning ; to 
infer, as from premises ; to close an argument by inferring. 
4. To decide ; to determine ; to make a final judgment or 
determination. 5. To end ; to finish. 6. To stop or re- 
strain, or, as in law, to estop from further argument or 
proceedings ; to oblige or bind. 

GON-GLtjDE', V. i. 1. To infer, as a consequence ; to de- 
termine. 2. To settle opinion ; to form a final judgment. 
3. To end. 

GON-GLuD'ED, pp. Shut ; ended ; finished ; determined ; 
inferred ; comprehended ; stopped, or bound. 

GON-GLuD^EN-CY, ?i. Inference ; logical deduction from 
premises. 

GON-GLuD'ENT, a. Bringing to a close ; decisive. 

GON-GLuD'ER, n. One who concludes. 

GON-GLuDTNG, ppr. 1. Shutting; ending; determining; 
inferring; comprehending. 2. a. Final; ending; clos- 
ing ; as, the concluding sentence of an essay. 

GON-GLuDTNG-LY, adv. Conclusively; with incontro- 
vertible evidence. [Little used.] 

GON-GLu'St-BLE, a. That may be concluded or inferred ; 
determinable. [Little used.] 

GON-GLO'SION, n. [L. conclusio.] 1. End; close; the 
last part. 2. The close of an argument, debate or reason- 
ing ; inference that ends the discussion ; final result. 3. 
Determination ; final decision. 4. Consequence ; infer- 
ence ; that which is collected or drawn from premises ; 
particular deduction from propositions, facts, experience. 


or reasoning. 5. The event of experiments ; expetiment j 
little used.] 6. Confinement of the thoughts ; silence } 
not used.] 

I GON-GLLmSION-AL, a. Concluding. Hooper. 

GON-GLU'SIVE, a. [It. conclusivo.] 1. Final ; decisive. 
2. Decisive ; giving a final determination ; precluding a 
further act. 3. Decisive ; concluding the question ; put- 
ting an end to debate. 4. Regularly consequential. 

GOJ\'^-GLu'SIVE-LY, adv. Decisively ; With final determi- 
nation. 

GON-GLu'SlVE-NESS, n. The quality of being conclusive, 
or decisive ; the power of determining the opinion, or of 
settling a question. 

GON-GO-AG'U-LATE, v. t. To curdle or congeal one thing 
with another. 

CON-GO- AG'U-LA-TED, pp. Curdled ; concreted. 

GON-GO-AG'U-LA-TING, ppr. Concreting ; curdling. 

GON-GO-AG-U-La'TION, n. A coagulating together, as 
different substances, or bodies, in one mass. Crystaliza* 
tion of different salts in the same menstruum. 

GON-GOGT', V. t. [L. concoguo, concoctum.] 1. To digest 
by the stomach, so as to turn food to chyle or nutriment. 
2. To purify or sublime ; to refine by separating the gross 
or extraneous matter. 3. To ripen. 

GON-GOGT'ED, pp Digested ; purified ; ripened. 

GON-GOGTTNG, ppr. Digesting; purifying; ripening. 

GON-GOC'TION n. [L. concoctio.] 1. Digestion or solu- 
tion in the stomach ; the process by which food is turned 
into chyle. 2. Maturation ; the process by which morbid 
matter is separated from the blood or humors, or other- 
wise changed and prepared to be thrown off. 3. A ripen- 
ing ; the acceleration of any thing towards perfection. 

CON-GOGTT VE, a. Digesting ; having the power of digest- 
ing or ripening. 

f CON-C6L'OR, a. Of one color. Brown. 

GON-GOM'I-TANCE, ) n. [L. con and comitor.] A being 

CON-GOMT-TAN-CY, i together, or in connection with 
another thing. 

GON-COMT-TANT, a. Accompanying ; conjoined with ; 
concurrent ; attending. 

GON-GOM'I-TANT, n. A companion ; a person or thing 
that accompanies another, or is collaterally connected. 

GON-GOM'I-TANT-LY, adv. In company with others. 

t GON-GOMT-TATE, v. t. To accompany or attend ; to be 
collaterally connected. Harvey. 

GON'GORD, 71. [Fr. Concorde ; L. concordia.] 1. Agree- 
ment between persons ; union in opinions, sentiments, 
views or interests ; peace ; harmony. 2. Agreement be- 
tween things ; suitableness ; harmony. — 3. In music, con- 
cent of sounds ; harmony ; tlie relation between two or 
more sounds which are agreeable to the ear. [See Chord.] 
4. A compact ; an agreement by stipulation ; treaty. 5. 
— In law, an agreement between the parties in a fine, 
made by leave of the court. — 6. In grammar, agreement 
of words construction. — Form of concord, in ecclesiasti- 

cal history, is a book among the Lutherans containing a 
system of doctrines to be subscribed as a condition of com- 
munion, composed at Torgaw in 1576. 

I GON-GORD , 7. To agree. Lord Clarendon. 

GON-GORD'A-BLE, a. Agreeing ; harmonious. 

GON-GORIFA-BLY, adv. Witli agreement. Rogers. 

GON-GORD'ANCE, n. [Fr. concordance.] 1. Agreement. 
— 2. In gj-ammar, concord ; [not Msec?.] 3. A dictionary in 
which the principal words used in the Scriptures are ar- 
ranged alphabetically, and the book, chapter and verse in 
wliich each word occurs are noted. 

GON-GORD'AN-CY, n. Agreement. 

GON-GORD'ANT, a. Agreeing ; agreeable ; correspondent ; 
harmonious. 

GON-GORD'ANT, n. That which is accordant. 

GON-GORD'ANT-LY, adv. In conjunction. 

GON-GORD'AT, n. In the canon law, a compact, covenant 
or agreement concerning some beneficiary matter, as a 
resignation, permutation, promotion and the like. In par- 
ticular, an agreement made by a priiice with the pope rel- 
ative to the collation of benefices. 

GON-GORD'IST, n. The compiler of a concordance. Ch. 

^ 7**1/ f 7* • 

t GON-GORTOR-AL, a. Of the same body. Diet. 

GON-GOR'PO-RATE, V. t. [L. concorporo.] To unite differ- 
ent things in one mass or body ; to incorporate. [Little 
used.] 

GON-GORTO-RATE, v. i. To unite in one mass or body. 

GON-GOR-PO-Ra'TION, n. Union of things in one mass 
or body. 

GON'GoURSE, 71. [Fr. concours.] 1. A moving, flowing 
or running together; confluence. 2. A meeting; an as- 
sembly of men ; an assemblage of things ; a collection 
formed by a voluntary or spontaneous moving and meeting 
in one place. 3. The place or point of meeting, or a meet- 
ing ; the point of junction of two bodies. JSTewton. 

GON-GRE-aTE', V. t. To create with, or at the same time, 

GON-GRE-aT^ED, pp. Created at the same time, or in union 
with. 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— G as K ; 0 as J ; $ as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 


CON 


CON 174 


^€0N-€RED'IT, ». t. To intrust. Barrow. 

COX-CRE-MA'TION, n. [L. concremo.] The act of burn- 
ing different things together. [Little u^sed.] 

€0*veUE-MENT, 7U [Low L. coticremenUua.'] A growing 
together ; the mass formed by concretion. Hale. 

CO^'-€R£S^CENCE, n. [L. concrescentia.] Growth or in- 
crease 3 the act of growing of increasing by spontaneous 
union, or the coalescence of separate particles. Raleigh. 

€ON-€RE£'Cl-BLE, a. Capable of concreting; that may 
congeal or be changed from a liquid to a solid state. 

€0N'CRETE, a. [L. concretus.] 1. Literally, united in 
growuh. Hence, formed by coalition of separate particles 
in one body ; consistent in amass ; united in a solid form. 

■ — 2. In logic, applied to a subject ; not abstract. — A concrete 
number expresses or denotes a particular subject, as three 
men. 

CON CRETE, 71 . L A compound ; a mass formed by con- 
cretion.— 2. In philosophy, a mass or compound body, 
made up of different ingredients ; a mixed body or mass. 
— 3. In logic, a concrete term ; a term that includes both 
the quality and the subject in which it exists. 

CON-CR^/rE') v.i. To Unite or coalesce, as separate par- 
ticles, into a mass or solid body, chiefly by spontaneous 
cohesion, or other natural process. 

COxV-CReTE', v.t. To form a mass by the coliesion or co- 
alescence of separate particles. 

CON-CReT'ED, pp. United into a solid mass; congealed; 
inspissated ; clotted. 

CON-CReTE'LY, ado. In a concrete manner; in a man- 
ner to indjde the subject with the predicate ; not ab- 
stractly. JsTorHs. 

CON-CReTE'NESS, n. A state of being concrete ; coagu- 
lation. 

CON-€ReTHNG, ppr. Coalescing or congealing in amass ; 
becoming thick ; making solid. 

€ON-CReTION, n. 1. The act of concreting ; the process 
by which soft or fluid bodies become thick, consistent, 
solid or hard. 2. The mass or solid matter formed by 
growing together, by congelation, condensation, coagula- 
tion or mduration ; a clot ; a lump. 

€0N-€RK'TIVE, a. Causing to concrete ; having power to 
produce concretion; tending to form a solid mass from 
separate j)articles. 

t GON-CRe'TURE, n. A mass formed by concretion. 

i CON-CREW', 77. i. To grow together. Spenser. 

€ON-Cu^BI-NAGE, 77. [Fr.] The act or practice of cohab- 
iting, as man and woman, in sexual commerce, without 
the authority of law, or a legal marriage. 

fCON-CG'BI-NA-RY, a. Relating to concubinage 

t CON-Cu' BI-NATE, 77. Whoredom; lewdness. 

CON'CLT-BlNE, n. [Fr. ] h. concubina.] 1. A woman who 
cohabits with a man, without the authority of a legal mar- 
riage ; a woman kept for lewd purposes ; a kept mistress. 

2. A wife of inferior condition ; a lawful wife, but not 
united to the man by the usual ceremonies, and of in- 
ferior condition. 

CON-CUL'GATE, v. t. [L. cojiculco.] To tread on ; to tram- 
pie under foot. Mountagu. 

€OxN-CUL-Ca'TION, 77. A trampling under foot. [JVbt 
much used.] 

CON-CU PIS-CENCE, n. fL. concupiscentia.] Lust ; unlaw- 
ful or irregular desire of sexual pleasure ; inclination for 
unlawful enjoyments. 

CON-Cu'PIS-CENT, a. Desirous of unlawful pleasure ; li- 
bidinous. 

t CON-C(J-PIS-CEN'TIAL, a. Relating to concupiscence. 

COxN-CO'PIS-CI-BLE, a. Exciting or impelling to the en- 
joyment of carnal pleasure ; inclining to the attainment 
of pleasure or good. 

CON-CUR', V. i. [L. concur7'o.] 1. To meet in the same 
point ; to agree. 2. To agree ; to join or unite, as in one 
action or opinion ; to meet, mind with mind. 3. To 
unite or be conjoined, with the consequential sense of 
aiding, or contributing power or influence to a common 
object. 

CON-CUR'RENCE, 77 . 1. A meeting or coming together; 
union ; conjunction. 2. A meeting of minds ; agreement 
in opinion ; union in design ; implying joint approbation. 

3. A meeting or conjunction, whether casual or intend- 
ed ; combination of agents, cirannstances or events. 4. 
Agreement ; consent ; approbation. 5. Agreement or 
consent, implying joint aid or contribution of power or 
influence. 6. A meeting as of claims, or power ; joint 
rights ; implying equality in different persons or bod- 
ies. 

CON-CU R'REN-CY, 77 . The same as concurrence ; but little 
used. 

CON-CUR'RENT, a. 1. Meeting ; uniting ; accompanying ; 
acting in conjunction ; agreeing in the same act ; contrib- 
uting to the same event or effect; operating with. 2. 
Conjoined ; associate ; concomitant. 3. Joint and equal ; 
existing together, and operating on the same objects. 

CON-CUR'RENT, 77 . That which concurs ; joint or con- 
tributory cause. 


€ON-€UR'RENT-LY, adv. With concurrence ; unitedly. 

CON-CUR'RING, ppr. Meeting in the same point ; agree- 
ing ; running or acting together ; uniting in action ; con- 
tributing to tne same event or effect ; consenting. 

CON-CUtS-SA'TION, n. [Sec Concussion.] A violent shock 
or agitation. 

CON-CUE'iSED, a. Shaken. Cocker am. 

CON-CUS'SION, 77 . [L. coTicTccMo.] 1. The act of shaking, 
particularly and properly, by the stroke or impulse of an- 
other body. 2. The state of being shaken ; a shock ; as 
the concussio7i of the brain by a stroke. It is used also 
for shaking or agitation in general. 

CON-CUS'SIVE, a. Having the power or quality of shak- 
ing. Johnson. 

COND, V. t. [Fr. co7iduire.'] In seame7Js langtiage, to con- 
duct a ship ; to direct the man at helm how to steer. 

CON-DEMN', (kon-dem') v. t. [L. co7idemno.] 1. To pro- 
nounce to be utterly wrong ; to utter a sentence of disap- 
probation against ; to censure ; to blame. 2. To deter- 
mine or judge to be wrong, or guilty ; to disallow ; to dis- 
approve. 3. To witness against ; to show or prove to be 
wrong, or guilty, by a contrary practice. 4. To pro- 
nounce to be guilty ; to sentence to punishment ; to utter 
sentence against judicially ; to doom. 5. To doom or 
sentence to pay a fine ; to fine. 6. To judge or pronounce 
to be unfit for use or service. 7. To judge or pronounce 
to be forfeited. 

CON-DEM'NA-BLE, a. That maybe condemned; blam- 
able ; culpable. Brown. 

CON-DEM-Na'TION, 77. [L. condemiiatio.] ]. The act of 
condemning ; the judicial act of declaring one guilty, and 
dooming him to punishment. 2. The state of being con- 
demned. 3. The cause or reason of a sentence of con- 
demnation. John iii. 

CON-DEM'NA-TO-RY, a. Condemning; bearing condem- 
nation or censure. 

CON-DEM'NED, (kon-demd') pp. Censured ; pronounced 
to be wrong, guilty, worthless or forfeited ; adjudged or 
sentenced to punishment. 

CON-DEM'NER, 71 . One who condemns or censures. 

CON-DEM'NING, p/ir. Censuring; disallowing; pronounc- 
ing to be wrong, guilty, worthless or forfeited ; sentenc- 
ing to punishment. 

CON-DENS'A-BLE, a. Capable of being condensed; that 
may be compressed into a smaller compass, and into a 
more close, compact state. 

CON-DENS' ATE, v. t. To condense ; to compress into a 
closer form ; to cause to take a more compact state ; to 
make more dense. 

CON-DENS' ATE, v. i. To become more dense, close or 
hard. 

CON-DENS'ATE, a. Made dense ; condensed ; made more 
close or compact. 

CON-DEN-Sa'TION, a. [L. co7idensatio.] The act of mak- 
ing more dense or compact ; or the act of causing the 
parts that compose a body to approach or unite more 
closely, either by mechanical pressure, or by a natural 
process ; the state of being condensed. 

CON-DENS' A-TIVE, a. Having a power or tendency to 
condense. 

CON-DENSE', (kon-dens') v. t. [L. condenso.] 1. To make 
more close, thick or compact ; to cause the particles of a 
body to approach, or to unite more closely, either by their 
own attraction or affinity, or by mechanical force. 2. To 
make thick ; to inspissate. 3. To compress into a smaller 
compass, or into a close body ; to crowd. 

CON-UENSE', (kon-dens') v. i. To become close, or more 
compact, as the particles of a body ; to approach or unite 
more closely ; to grow thick. 

CON-DENSE', (kon dens') a. Close in texture or compo- 
sition ; compact ; firm ; dense ; condensated. See Dense, 
which is generally used. 

CON-DENS'ED, (kon-densf) pp. Made dense, or more close 
in parts ; made or become compact ; compressed into a 
narrower compass. 

CON-DENS'ER, n. He or that which condenses ; particu- 
larly a pneumatic engine or syringe in which air may be 
com pressed • 

CON-DENS'I-TY, 77. The state of being condensed ; dense- 
ness ; density. [The latter are ge7\eralhj twed.] 

COND'ER, 77. [Fr. condnb'e.] 1. A person who stands upon 
a clitf, or elevated part of the sea-coast, in the time of the 
herring fishery, to point out to the fishermen, by signs, the 
course of the shoals of fish. 2. One who gives directions 
to a helmsman how to steer the ship. 

fCON DE-SCENCE', 77. Descent from superiority. P 7 iller. 

CON-DE-SCEND', 75 . 7 . [It. co7?de5cc7?dere.] 1. To descend 
from the privileges of superior rank or dignity ; to submit 
or yield, as to an inferior. 2. To recede from one’s rights 
in negotiation, or common intercourse, to do some act, 
which strict justice does not require. 3. To stoop or de- 
scend ; to yield ; to submit ; implying a relinquishment of 
rank, or dignity of character, and sometimes a sinking 
into debasement. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


CON 


175 


CON-DE-:vSCEND'ENCE, n. A voluntary yielding or sub- 
mission to an inferior. 

€ON-l)E-SCEND/INGr, ppr. 1. Descending from rank or 
distinction in the intercourse of life ; receding from rights 
or claims j yielding. 2. a. Yielding to inferiors ; courte- 
ous ; obliging. 

CON-DE-SCEN D^ING-LY, adv. By way of yielding to in- 
feriors ; with voluntary submission ; by way of kind con- 
cession ; courteously. 

€OX-DE-SCEiX'SION, n. Voluntary descent from rank, 
dignity or just claims ; relinquishment of strict right j sub- 
mission to inferiors in granting requests or performing 
acts which strict justice does not require. 
GOX-DE-SCEN'SIVE, a. Condescending; courteous, 
t COX-DE-SCENT^, 7j. Condescension. Bp, Hall, 
COX^-DlGX', (kon-dine') a. [L. condignus.'\ Deserved ; 
worthy ; merited ; suitable. 

€0X-D1G'NI-TY, n. Merit; desert. — In school divivity^ the 
merit of human actions which claims reward, on the score 
of justice. 

GOX-DIGX"’'LY, (kon-dine'ly) adv. According to merit, 
COX-DIGX'XESS, (kon-dine'nes) n. Agreeableness to de- 
serts ; suitableness. 

COX^Dl-MEXT, n. [L. condimentmn.^ Seasoning; sauce; 
that which is used to give relish to meat or other food, 
and to gratify the taste. 

COX-DlS-tJPPLE, n. [L. co7idiscipulus.] A school fellow ; 

a learner in the same school, or under the same instructor. 
COX-DITE', V. t. [L. condio. conditiun.] To prepare and 
preserve with sugar, salt, spices, or the like ; to pickle. 
Taylor. [Little used.'] 

COX-DTTE'MEXT, 71. A composition of conserves, pow- 
ders, and spices, in the form of an electuary. [Little 

XLS€Cl0 1 

€OX-DlT'ING, ppr. Preserving. [Little used.] 
COX-DI'^TIOX’^, n. [L. conditio!] 1. State ; a particular 
mode of being ; applied to external circumstances, to the 
body, to the mind, and to things. 2. duality ; property ; 
attribute. 3. State of the mind ; temper; temperament; 
complexion. 4. Moral quality ; virtue or vice. .5. Rank, 
that is, state with respect to the orders or grades of socie- 
ty, or to property. 6. Terms of a contract or covenant ; 
stipulation ; that is, that which is set, fixed, established 
or proposed. 7. A clause in a bond, or other contract con- 
taining terms or a stipulation that it is to be performed, 
and, in case of failure, the penalty of the bond is to be in- 
curred. 8. Terms given, or provided, as the ground of 
something else ; that which is established, or to be done, 
or to happen, as requisite to another act. 

€OX-Dr TtOX, V. i. To make terms ; to stipulate. 
GOX-DI'nXON, V. t. To contract ; to stipulate. 
€0X-DI"T10N-AL, a. 1. Containing or depending on a con- 
dition or conditions ; made with limitations ; not absolute ; 
made or granted on certain terms. — 2. In grammar and 
loo'ic, expressing a condition or supposition. 
COX-t)I"riOX-AL, 77. A limitation. Bacon. 
GOX-DI-TIOX-AL'I-TY, n. The quality of being condi- 
tional, or limited ; limitation by certain terms. 

COX-DI 'TIOX-AL-LY, adv. With certain limitations ; on 
particular terms or stipulations ; not absolutely or posi- 
tively. 

t €OX-DI"7TOX-A-RY, a. Conditional; stipulated, 
f COX-DI"T[OX-ATE, a. Conditional ; established on cer- 
tain terms. Hammond. 

t €OX-Dl"TrOX-ATE, v. t. To qualify ; to regulate. 
€0X-DI"TI0NED, p;7. 1. Stipulated ; containing terms to 
be performed. 2. a. Having a certain state or qualities. 
This iron'd is 'usiially preceded by some qualifuimT term. 
t eOX-DI"TIOxX-LY, adv. On certain terms. 

COX-DoIiE', V. i. [L. condolco.] To feel pain, or to grieve, 
at the_distress or misfortunes of another. 

COX-DoLE', V. t. To lament or bewail with another, or on 
account of another’s misfortune. [Unusual.] 
COX^-DoLE'MEXT, 77. Grief; pain of mind at another’s 
loss or^ misfortune ; sorrow ; mourning. 

COX-Do' LEX^CE, 77. Pain of mind, or grief excited by the 
distress or misfortune of another. 

COX-DoL'ER, 77. One who condoles. 

COX-DoL'ING, ppr. Grieving at another’s distress. 
COX-DdL TNG, 77. Expression of grief for another’s loss. 
CO\'DO-MA, 77. An animal of the goat kind, as large as a 
stag, and of a gray color. 

COX-DO-Xa'TIOX, 77. [L. condono.] The act of pardoning. 
[Little i75cd.l 

COX'DOR, 77. The largest species of fowl hitherto discover- 
ed ; a native of South America. 

COX-DOCE', v. i. [L. conduco.] To lead or tend ; to con- 
tribute. — In the transitive sense, to conduct, it is not au- 
thorized. 

fCOX-DDCE', v.t. To conduct ; to accompany in the way. 
€OX-DOCE'MENT, n. A leading or tending to ; tendency. 

Greaorv. 

COX-DO'CENT, a. Tending or contributing to. 
€OX-DO'CI-BLE, a. [L. conducibilis.] Leading or tending 


CON 

to ; having the power of conducing ; having a ten6eitcy 
to promote or forward. 

COX-DO'CI-BLE-XESS, n. The quality of leading or coiv 
tributmg to any end. 

CON-Du'Cl-BLY, adv. In a manner promoting an end^. 

COX-DU'CIVE, a. That may conduce or contribute ; hav-^ 
ing a tendency to promote. 

CON-DO'ClVE-NESS, n. The quality of conducing or tend- 
ing to promote. Boyle. 

GOX'DUGT, 77. [Sp, conducta.] 1. Literally, the act of 
leading ; guidance ; command. 2. The act of convoying, 
or guarding ; guidance or bringing along under protection# 
Shak. 3. Guard on the way ; convoy ; escort. Shak. — 4. 
In a general sense, personal behavior ; course of actions ; 
deportment ; applicable equally to a good or bad course of 
actions, b. Exact behavior ; regular life. Swift. G. Man- 
agement ; mode of carrying on. 7. The title of two cler- 
gymen appointed to read prayers at Eton college in Eng- 
land. 

€OX^-DU€T', V. t. [Sp. conducir.] 1. To lead ; to bring 
along ; to guide ; to accompany and show the way, 2. To 
lead ; to direct or point out the way. 3, To lead ; to usher 
in ; to introduce ; to attend in civility. 4. To give a di- 
rection to ; to manage ; applied to things. 5. To lead, as 
a commander ; to direct ; to govern ; to command . G. 
With the reciprocal pronoun, to conduct one’s self, is to 
behave. Hence, by a customary omission of the pronoun, 
to conduct, in an intransitive sense, is to behave ; to direct 
personal actions. 7. To escort ; to accompany and pro- 
tect on the way. 

COX-DUCT'ED, pp. Led ; guided ; directed ; introduced ; 
commanded ; managed. 

€0X-DHGT'1NG, ])pr. Leading; escorting; introducing; 
commanding; behaving; managing. 

COX-DU€'TION, 77. 1. The act of training up; [obs.] 2, 
Transmission by a conductor. 

€0N-DU€-TI''T10US, a. [L. conductitius.] Hired ; em- 
ployed for wages. Ayliffe. 

€OX-DU€T'OR, n. 1. A leader ; a guide ; one who goes be- 
fore or accompanies, and shows the way. 2. A chief ; a 
commander : one who leads an army or a people. 3. A 
director ; a manager. — 4. In surgery, an instrument which 
serves to direct the knife in cutting for the stone, and in 
laying up sinuses and fistulas ; also, a machine to secure 
a fractured limb. — 5. In electrical experiments, any body 
that receives and communicates electricity. 6. A metallic 
rod, erected by buildings or in ships, to conduct lightning 
to tlie earth or water, and protect the building from its ef- 
fccts* 

€ON-DU€T'RESS, n. A female who leads or directs ; a di- 
rectress. 

€OX't)UlT, (kon'dit) n. [Fr. conduit.] 1. A canal or pipe' 
for the conveyance of water ; an aqueduct. 2. A vessel 
that conveys the blood or other fluid. 3. A conductor. 
4. A pipe ''r cock for drawing off liquor. 5. Any chan- 
nel that conveys water or fluids ; a sink, sewer or 
drain. 

GON-Du'PLI-GATE, a. [L. conduplicatus.] Doubled or 
folded over or together. 

GOX-Du'PLI-€ATE, v. t. To double ; to fold together. 

€OX-DuTLI-€A-TED, a. Doubled ; folded together. - 

COX-DIJ-PLI-€a'TIOX, n. [L. conduplicatio.l A doubling ; 
a duplicate. 

€ON'DYL, 77. [L. condylus.] A protuberance on the end of 
a bone ; a knot, or joint ; a knuckle. 

€ON'DY-LOlD, a. [Gr. kovSvXo$ and f75o?.] The condyloid 
process is the posterior protuberance at the extremities of 
the under jaw. 

€OX^DY-LOlD, 77. The apophysis of a bone ; the projecting 
soft end, or process of a bone. 

€OXE, 77. [Fr. cone ; Gr. /cwvo?.] 1. A solid body or figure 
having a circle for its base, and its top terminated in a 
point or vertex, like a sugar-loaf. — 2. In botany, the 
conical fruit of several evergreen trees, as of the pine, 
fir, cedar and cypress. 

€0'NEPATE, or GO'XEPATL, n. An animal of the weasel 
kind in America. 

€o'XEY. Sec Cony. 

CON-FAB'U-LATE, v. i. [L. confabulor.] To *alk familiar- 
ly together ; to chat ; to prattle. [Little used.] Coivper. 

COX-FAB-U-La'TION, 77. [L. confabulatio.] Familiar 

talk ; easy, unrestrained, unceremonious conversation. 

€0X-FAB'U-LA-T0-RY, a. Belonging to familiar talk. 
[Little used,] 

t COX-FA-MIL'IAR, a. Very familiar. 

CON-FAR-RE-a'TIOX, 77. [L. confarreatio.] The solemni- 
zation of marriage among the Romans, by a ceremony in 
which the bridegroom and bride tasted a cake made of 
flour, with salt and water. 

f€OX-FAT'ED, a. Fated together. 

t COX-FECT', V. t. To make sweetmeats. See Comfit. 

COX'FECT, 77. [L. confectus.] Something prepared with 
sugar or honey, as fruit, herbs, roots and the like ; a sweet- 
meat. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BULL, UNITE. — C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete , 


CON 


176 


CON 


€ON-FE€^TION, n. [L. confectio.] 1. Any thing prepared 
with sugar, as fruit j a sweetmeat something preserved. 
2. A ccmpOTition or mixture. 3. A soft electuary. 

€0N-FE€'TI0N-A-RY, or €ON-FE€'TION. ER, n. One 
whose occupation is to make or to sell sweetmeats, &c. 

CON-FE€'TION-A-RY, n. 1. A place for sweetmeats j a 
place where sweetmeats and similar things are made or 
sold. 2. Sweetmeats in general j things prepared or sold 
by a confectioner. 

CON-FEC'TOR, n. [L.J An officer in the Roman games, 
whose business was to kill an]^ beast that was dangerous. 

CON-FE€'TO-RY, a. Pertaining to the art of making 
sweetmeats. 

CON-FED'ER-A-CY, %. [Low L. confaderatio.'] 1. A 
league, or covenant ; a contract between two or more 
persons, bodies of men or states, combined in support of 
each other, in some act or enterprise \ mutual engage- 
ment : federal compact. 2. The persons, states or nations 
united by a league. — 3. In law^ a combination of two or 
more persons to commit an unlawful act. 

CON-FED'ER-ATE, a. [Low L. conf<zderatus.'\ United in 
a league ; allied by treaty j engaged in a confederacy. 

CON-FED'ER-ATE, n. One who is united with others in a 
league ; a person or nation engaged in a confederacy j an 
ally. Dryden. 

CON-FED'ER-ATE, v. i. [Fr. confederer.] To unite in a 
league ; to join in a mutual contract or covenant. 

CON-FED'ER-ATE, v. t. To unite in a league j to ally. 

CON-FED'ER-A-TED, pp. United in a league. 

€ON-FED'ER-A-TING, ppr. Uniting in a league. 

CON-FED-ER-A*TION, n. [Fr. confederation.] 1. The act 
of confederating ; a league j a compact for mutual sup- 
port ; ailiance^particularly of princes, nations or states. 
2. The UnitedKtates of America are sometimes called the 
confederation. 

UON-FER', V. i. [Fr. conferer.] To discourse j to converse ; 
to consult together ; implying conversation on some seri- 
ous or important subject, in distinction from mere talk, or 
light, familiar conversation. 

€ON-FER', V. t. 1. To give, or bestow ; followed by on. 
2. To compare ; to examine by comparison : literally^ to 
bring together ; [<?ft5.] [See Compare.] 3. To contribute j 
to conduce to ; that is, to bring to j [oo5.] 

CON'FER-ENCE, n. [Fr. con/ercnce.J 1. The act of con- 
versing on a serious subject ; a discoursing between two 
or more, for the purpose of instruction, consultation, or 
deliberation j formal discourse ; oral discussion. 2. A 
meeting for consultation, discussion or instruction. 3. 
Comparison j examination of things by comparison 3 
[065.] 

CON-FER'RED, (kon-ferd') pp. Giv'en j imparted j be- 
stowed. 

€ON-FER'RER, n. One who confers j one who converses ; 
one who bestows. 

CON-FER'RING, ppr. Conversing together ; bestowing. 

CON-FER'RING, n. 1. The act of bestowing. 2. Compari- 
son ; examination. 

CON-FER'VA, n. In botany, hairweed. 

CON-FESS', V. t. [Fr. confesser.] 1. To own, acknowledge 
or avow, as a crime, a fault, a charge, a debt, or some- 
thing that is against one’s interest, or reputation. — 2. In 
the Catholic church, to acknowledge sins and faults to a 
priest ; to disclose the state of the conscience to a priest, 
in private, with a view to absolution ; sometimes with the 
reciprocal pronoun. 3. To own, avow or acknowledge ; 
publicly to declare a belief in and adherence to. 4. To 
own and acknowledge, as true disciples, friends or chil- 
dren. 5. To own ; to acknowledge ; to declare to be true, 
or to admit or assent to in words ; opposed to deny. 6. To 
show by the effect ; to prove ; to attest. 7. To hear or re- 
ceive the confession of another. 

CON-FESS', V. i. To make confession j to disclose faults, or 
the state of the conscience. 

CON-FESS'ANT, n. One who confesses to a priest. 

t €ON-FESS'A-RY, n. One who makes a confession. 

CON-FESS^ED, (kon-fest') pp. Owned ; acknowledged ; de- 
clared to be true ; admitted in words ; avowed j admitted 
to disclose to a priest. 

CON-FESS'ED-LY, adv. 1. By confession or acknowledg- 
ment ; avowedly j undeniably. 2. With avowed pur- 
pose. 

CON-FESS'ING, ppr. Owning ; avowing ; declaring to be 
true or real ; granting or admitting by assent ; receiving 
disclosure of sins, or the state of the conscience of another. 

CON-FES'SION, n. 3. The acknowledgment of a crime, 
fault, or something to one’s disadvantage ; open declara- 
tion of guilt, failure, debt, accusation, &c. 2. Avowal ; 
the act of acknowledging ; profession. 3. The act of dis- 
closing sins or faults to a priest ; the disburdening of the 
conscience privately to a confessor ; sometimes called au- 
ricular confession. 4. A formulary in which the articles 
of faith are comprised ; a creed. 5. The acknowledgment 
of a debt by a debtor before a justice of the peace, &c., on 
which judgment is entered and execution issued. 


€ON-FES'SION-AL, n. The seat where a priest or cohfessor 
sits to hear confessions j a confession-chair. 

CON-FES'SION-A-RY, n. [Sp. confesionario.] A confes- 
sion-chair, as above. 

€ON-FES'SION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to auricular confession. 

€ON-FES'SION-IST, 71. One who makes a profession of 
faitli. Mountagxi. 

€ON-FESS'OR, n. [Fr. confesseur ,* Sp. confesor.] 1. One 
who confesses ; one who acknowledges his sins. 2. One 
who makes a profession of his faith in the Christian reli- 
gion. The word is appropriately used to denote one who 
avows his religion in the face of danger, and adheres to 
it in defiance of persecution and torture. 3. A priest ; 
one who hears the confessions of others, and has power 
to grant them absolution. 

CON-FEST', pp. Owned j open 5 acknowledged ; apparent j 
not disputed. 

€ON-FEST'LY, adv. [for confessedly.] Avowedly ; indis- 
putably. [Little usea.] 

t €0N-FI»C1ENT, a. [L. conficiens.] That causes or pro- 
cures* 

* CON'FI DANT, ) n. [The latter is the regular English or- 

€ON'FI-DENT, \ thography, as sanctioned by Mitford 
and others.] One intrusted with secrets ; a confidential 
or bosom friend. 

CON-FIDE', V. t. [L. confido.] To trust ; to rely on, with 
a persuasion of faithfulness or veracity in the person trust- 
ed, or of the reality of a fact ; to give credit to ; to believe 
in, with assurance. 

CON-FIDE', V. t. To intrust ; to commit to the charge of, 
with a belief in the fidelity of the person intrusted ; to de- 
liver into possession of another. 

CON-FID'ED, pp. Intrusted ; committed to the care of, for 
preservation, or for performance or exercise. 

CON'FI-DENCE, n. [L. confidentia.] 1. A trusting, or re- 
liance ; an assurance of mind or firm belief in the integri- 
tv, stability or veracity of another, or in the truth and re- 
ality of a fact. 2. Trust 5 reliance ; belief in one’s own 
competency. 3. That in which trust is placed ; ground 
of trust ; he or that which supports. 4. Safety, or assur- 
ance of safety ; security. 5. Boldness ; courage. 6. Ex- 
cessive boldness ; assurance, proceeding from vanity or a 
false opinion of one’s own abilities or excellencies. 

CON'FI-DENT, a. 1. Having full belief ; trusting ; relying ; 
fully assured. 2. Positive ; dogmatical. 3. Trusting ; 
without suspicion. 4. Bold to a vice j having an excess 
of assurance. 

€ON'FI-DENT, n. One intrusted with secrets ; a confiden- 
tial or bosom friend. Mitford. 

CON-FI-DEN'TIAL, a. 1. Enjoying the confidence of an- 
other ; trusty ; that may be safely trusted. 2. That is to 
be treated or kept in confidence j private. 3. Admitted 
to special confidence. 

€ON-FI-DEN'TIAL-LY, adv. In confidence 5 in reliance 
or secrecy. 

€ON'FI-DENT-LY, adv. With firm trust ; with strong as- 
surance 3 without doubt or wavering of opinion ; posi- 
tively. 

€ON'FI-DENT-NESS, n. Confidence ; the quality or state 
of having full reliance. 

CON-FiD'ER, n. One who confides j one who intrusts to 
another. 

CON-FIG'U-RATE, v. i. [L. configuro.] To show like the 
aspects of the planets towards each other. 

€ON-FIG-U-Ra'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. External form, figure, 

shape ; the figure which bounds a body. 2. Aspects of 
the planets ; or the face of the horoscope, according to the 
aspects of the planets toward each other at any time. 3. 
Resemblance of one figure to another. 

CON-FIG'URE, V. t. [L. configuro.] To form ; to dispose 
in a certain form, figure or shape. 

CON-FTN'A-BLE, a. That may be confined or limited. 

CON'FINE, n. [L. confinis.] Border ; edge ; exterior part ; 
the part of any territory which is at or near the end or ex- 
tremity. It is used generally in the plural. 

CON'FINE, a. Bordering on ; lying on the border ; adja- 
cent ; having a common boundary. 

CON'FINE, V. i. [Fr. confiner.] To border on ; to touch the 
limit ; to be adjacent or contiguous, as one territory, king- 
dom or state to another. 

CON-FINE', V. t. [Sp. conf nar.] 1. To bound or limit ; to 
restrain within limits ; hence, to imprison ; to shut up ; to 
restrain. 2. To immure ; to keep close, by a voluntary 
act. 3. To limit or restrain voluntarily, in some act or 
practice. 4. To tie or bind ; to make fast or close. 5. To 
restrain by a moral force. 

CON-FIN'ED, (kon-find') pp. Restrained within limits ; im- 
prisoned ; limited ; secluded ; close. 

CON'FINE-LESS, a. Boundless ; unlimited ; without end. 

CON-FTNE'MENT, n. 1. Restraint within limits; impris- 
onment ; any restraint of liberty by force or other obsta- 
cle or necessity. 2. Voluntary restraint ; seclusion. 
3. Voluntary restraint in action or practice. 4. Restraint 
from going abroad by sickness, particularly by child-birth. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 5, ti, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — | Obsolete. 


CON 


177 


CON 


CON-FIN'ER, n. He or that which limits or restrains. 

CON'FIN-ERj 1. A borderer j one who lives on con- 
fines, or near the border of a country. 2. He or that 
which is near the limit ; a near neighbor j he or that 
which is adjacent or contiguous. 

€ON-FIN'ING, ppr. Restraining ; limiting ; imprisoning. 

€ON-FIN'I-TY, n. [L. confinitas.'[ Contiguity ; nearness ; 
neighborhood. Diet. 

CON-FiRM', V. t. [L. conjirmo.] 1. To make firm, or 
more firm j to add strengtli to; to strengthen. 2. To fix 
more firmly ; to settle or establish. 3. To make firm or 
certain ; to give new assurance of truth or certainty ; to 
put past doubt. 4. To fix ; to radicate. 5. To strength- 
en ; to ratify. 6. To make more firm ; to strengthen. 7. 
To admit to the full privileges of a Christian, by the impo- 
sition of hands. 

€ON-FiRM<A-BLE, a. That may be confirmed, established 
or ratified ; capable of being made more certain. 

GOiV-FlRM-A'TlON, n. 1. The act of confirming or estab- 
iishijig ; a fixing, settling, establishing or making more 
certain or firm ; establishment. 2. The act of ratifying. 
3. The act of giving new strength. 4. The act of giving 
new evidence. 5. That which confirms; that whicli 
gives new strength or assurance ; additional evidence ; 
proof; convincing testimony. — G. In /aw, an assurance of 
title, by the conveyance of an estate or right in esse, 
from one man to another, by wliich a voidable estate is 
made sure or unavoidable, or a particular estate is in- 
creased, or a possession made perfect. — 7. In church af- 
fairs, the act of ratifying the election of an archbishop or 
bishop, by the king, or by persons of his appointment. 
8. The act or ceremony of laying on of hands, in the ad- 
mission of baptized persons to the enjoyment of Christian 
privileges. 

€ON-FiRM'A-TIVE, a. Having the power of confirming ; 
tending to establish. 

COxV-FIRM-a'TOR, n. He or that which confirms. 

€ON-FiRM'A-TO-RY, a. 1. That serves to confirm ; giv- 
ing additional strength, force or stability, or additional as- 
surance or evidence. 2. Pertaining to the rite of confirm- 
ation. 

GON-FiRM'ED, (kon-fermd^) pp. 1. Made more firm ; 
strengthened ; established. 2. Admitted to the full priv- 
ileges of the church. 

CON-FiRM'ED-NESS, n. A fixed state. 

CON-FiRM^ER, n. He or that which confirms, establishes 
or ratifies ; one that produces new evidence ; an at- 
tester. 

CON-FiRM'ING, ppr. Making firm or more firm ; strength- 
ening ; ratifying ; giving additional evidence or proof ; 
establishing. 

€ON-FiRM'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to strengthen or 
make firm. 

CON-FIS'CA-BLE, a. That may be confiscated ; liable to 

* CON'FIS-CATE, or CON-FIS'CATE, v.t. [L. confisco.] 
To adjudge to be forfeited to the public treasury. 

* €ON'FIS-€ATE, a. Forfeited and adjudged to the public 
treasury, as the goods of a criminal. 

€ON'FIS-€A-TED, pp. Adjudged to the public treasury, 
as forfeited goods or estate. 

COX'FIS-CA-TING, ppr. Adjudging to the public use. 

€OxV-FIS-€a'TION, n. The act of condemning as forfeited, 
and adjudging to the public treasury. 

CONTIS-CA-TOR, n. One who confiscates. 

COX-FIS'GA-TO-RY, a. Consigning to forfeiture. Burhe. 

COX'FIT, n. A sweetmeat. See Confect. 

COX'FI-TENT, n. [L. confitens.] One who confesses his 
sins and fa\rlts. viuch used.] 

COX'FI-TURE, n. [Fr.] A sweetmeat ; confection ; comfit. 
Bacon. 

COX-FIX', V. t. [L. confiao.] To fix down ; to fasten. Shah. 

COX-FIX'ED, (kon-fikst') pp. Fixed down or to ; fastened. 

COX-FIX'ING, ppr. Fixing to or on ; fastening. 

COX'-FIX'URE, n. The act of fastening. 

COX-FLa'GRANT, a. [h. covjlagraris^ Burning together ; 
involved in a common flame. 

CON-FLA-GRa'TION, 71. [L. conflagratio.] 1. A great 
fire, or the burning of any great mass of combustibles, as 
a house, but more especially a city or a forest. 2. The 
burning of the world at the consummation of things. 

COX-FLa'TIOX, n. [L. conflatio.] 1. The act of blowing 
two or more instruments together. 2. A melting or cast- 
ing of metal. [Little Msec/.] 

t COX-FLEX URE, n. A bending. 

COX'FLICT, n. [L. conflictus.] 1. A striking or dashing 
against each other, as of two moving bodies in opposition ; 
violent collision of substances. 2. A fighting ; combat, 
as between men, and applicable to individuals or to ar- 
mies. 3. Contention ; strife ; contest. 4. A struggling 
with difficulties ; a striving to oppose, or overcome. 5. A 
struggling of the mind; distress; anxiety. 6. The last 
struggle of life ; agony. 7. Opposing operations ; counter- 
vailing action ; collision ; opposition. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, ^OVE ; 


CON-FLICT', V. i. To strike or dash against ; to meet and 
oppose, as bodies driven by violence. 2. To drive or 
strike against, as contending men or armies ; to fight ; to 
contend with violence. 3. To strive or struggle to resist 
and overcome. 4. To be in opposition, or contradictory 

COX-FLICT'ING, ppr. 1. Striking or dashing together; 
fighting; contending; struggling to resist and overcome. 
2. a. Being in opposition ; contrary ; contradictory. 

CON'FLU-EXCE, n. [L. confluentia.] 1. A flowing to 
gether ; the meeting or junction of two or more streams 
of water, or other fluid ; also, the place of meeting. 2. 
The running together of people ; the act of meeting and 
crowding in a place ; a crowd ; a concourse. 3. A collec- 
tion ; meeting ; assemblage. 

€OX'FLU-EXT, a. [L,. covf uens.] 1. Flowing together, 
meeting in their course, as two streams. — 2. In medical 
science, running together, and spreading over a large sur- 
face of the body. — 3. In botany, united at the base ; grow- 
ing in tufts. 

GOX'FLUX, 71. [Low L. co7?^7mo.] 1. A flowing togeth- 

er , a meeting of two or more currents of a fluid. 2. A 
collection ; a crowd ; a multitude collected. 

€OX-FLUX-I-BlL'I-TY, n. The tendency of fluids to run 
together. [Little used.] Boyle. 

CON-FOR]\l', fl. [1j. con formis.] Made to resemble ; assum- 
ing the same form ; like ; resembling. [L. 74.] Bacon. 

COX-FORM', V. t. [L. conformo.] 1. To make like, in ex- 
ternal appearance ; to reduce to a like shape, or form, 
with something else ; with to. 2. More generally, to re- 
duce to a likeness or correspondence in manners, opinions 
or moral qualities. 3. To make agreeable to; to square 
with a rule or directory. 

COX-FORM', 7 ;. 7. To comply with, or yield to; to live or 
act .according to. 2. To comply with ; to obey. 

COX-FORM'A-BLE, a. 1. Correspondent ; having the 
same or similar external form or shape ; like ; resem- 
bling. 2. Having the same or similar manners, opinions, 
or moral qualities. 3. Agreeable^ suitable; consistent. 
4. Compliant; ready to follow directions; submissive; 
obsequious ; peaceable ; disposed to obey. 

COX-FORM' A-BLY”', a4/t\ With or in conformity ; suitably j 
agreeably. 

COX-FORM-a'TION, n. The manner in which a body is 
formed ; the particular texture or structure of a body, or 
disposition of the parts which compose it ; form ; struc- 
ture. 2. The act of conforming ; the act of producing 
suitableness, or conformity. — 3. In medical science, the 
particular make or construction of the body peculiar to an 
individual. 

COX-FORM'ED, (kon-formd') pp. Made to resemble ; re- 
duced to a likeness of ; made agreeable to ; suited. 

COX-FORM'ER, 74. One who conforms ; one who complies 
with established forms or doctrines. 

COX-FORM'IXG, ppr. Reducing to a likeness; adapting; 
complying with. 

COX-FORM'IST, n. One who conforms or complies ; appro- 
priately, one who complies with the worship of the 
church of England, or of the established church, as distin- 
guished from <a Dissenter, or Nonconformist. 

€ON-FORM'I-TY, n. 1. Likeness ; correspondence with a 
model in form or manner ; resemblance ; agreement ; con- 
gruity with something else. 2. Consistency ; agreement. 
— 3. In theology, correspondence in manners and princi- 
ples ; compliance with customs. 

COX-FOR-Ta'TIOX, 71. The act of comforting or giving 
strength. Bacon. 

COX^-FOUXD', V. t. [Fr. confondre.] 1. To mingle and 
blend different things, so that their forms or natures can- 
not be distinguished”; to mix in a mass or crowd, so that 
individuals cannot be distinguisiied. 2. To throw into 
disorder. 3. To mix or blend, so as to occasion a mistake 
of one thing for another. 4. To perplex; to disturb the 
apprehension by indistinctness of ideas or words. 5. 
Tt» abash; to throw the mind into disorder; to cast 
down; to make ashamed. 6. To perplex with terror; 
to terrify ; to dismay ; to astonish ; to throw into conster- 
nation ; to stupify with amazement. 7. To destroy ; to 
overthrow. 

COXT-FOUND'ED, pp. 1. Mixed or blended in disorder: 
perplexed ; abashed ; dismayed ; put to shame and si- 
lence ; astonished. 2. a. Enormous; [vulgar.] 

CON-FOUXDED-LY, adv. Enormously; greatly; shame- 
fully. [A low word.] 

COX-FOUND'ED-NESS, n. The state of being confounded 
Milton. 

€ON-FOUXD'ER, n. One who confounds; one who dis 
turbs the mind, perplexes, refutes, frustrates and puts to 
shame or silence ; one who terrifies. 

COX-FOUXD'ING, Mixing and blending; putting into 
disorder; perplexing; disturbing the mind ; abashing ana 
putting to shame and silence ; astonishing. 

€OX-FRA-TER'NI-TY, n. [It. confraternitd.] A brother- 
hood ; a society or body of men, united for some purpose 
or in some profession. 


—BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


CON 178 CON 


CON-FRI-€a/TION, n. [It. confricazione.] A rubbing 
against j friction. Bacon. 

60 N-FRPER, 11. [Fr. confrere.'\ One of the same religious 
order. Weei^er. 

*€)OS-FRoyT‘y V. t. [It. confrontare.] 1 . To stand face 
to face in full view ; to face j to stand in front. 2 . To 
stand in direct opposition ; to oppose. 3 . To set face to 
face y to bring into the presence of ; as an accused person 
and a witness, in court, for examination and discovery of 
the truth ; followed by -with. 4 . To set together for com- 
parison ; to compare one thing with another. 

CON-FRON-Ta'TION, n. The act of bringing two persons 
into the presence of each other for examination and dis- 
covery of truth. 

* €ON-FR6NT'ED, pp. Set face to face, or in opposition j 
brought into the presence of. 

* €ON-FR6NT'ING, ppr. Setting or standing face to face, or 
in opposition, or in presence of. 

* €OX-FR6NT'MENT, H. Comparison. Oley. 

CON-FUSE', V. t. [L. confiisus.] 1 . To mix or blend things, 

so that they cannot be distinguished. 2 . To disorder. 
3 . To perplex ; to render indistinct. 4 . To throw the 
mind into disorder ; to cast down or abash ; to cause to 
blush ; to agitate by surprise, or shame ; to disconcert. 

CON-FuSE', a. Mixed ; confounded. Barret. 

CON-FuS'ED, (kon-fuzd ) pp. 1 . Mixed ; blended, so that 
the things or persons mixed cannot be distinguished. 2. 
Perplexed by disorder or want of system. 3 . Abashed j 
put to the blush or to shame 3 agitated 3 disconcerted. 

CON-FOS'ED-LY, ado. In a mixed mass 3 without order or 
separation 3 indistinctly 3 not clearly 3 tumultuously 3 with 
agitation of mind 3 without regularity or system. 

CON-F OS'ED-NESS, n. A state of being confused 3 want 
of order, distinction or clearness. 

CON-FuSE'LY, t;do. Obscurely. Barret. 

CON-Fu'SION, (kon-fu'zhun) n. 1 . A mixture of several 
things promiscuously 5 hence, disorder 5 irregularity. 2. 
Tumult 3 want of order in society. 3 . A blending or con- 
founding 3 indistinct combination 3 opposed to distinctness 
or perspicuity. 4 . Abashment 3 shame. 5 . Astonish- 
ment 5 agitation 3 perturbation 3 distraction of mind. 6. 
OverthroV 3 defeat 3 ruin. 7 . A shameful blending of 
natures 3 a shocking crime. 

CON-FO TA-BLE, a. That may be confuted, disproved or 
overthrown 3 that may be shown to be false, defective or 
invalid. 

€ON-FU'TANT, n. One who confutes or undertakes to con- 
fute. Milton. 

CON-FU-Ta'TION, n. The act of confuting, disproving or 
proving to be false, or invalid 5 refutation 3 overthrow. 

CON-FuTE', V. t.l'L. confuto.] 1 . Todisprove3 to prove 
to be false, defective or invalid 3 to overthrow. 2 . To prove 
to be wrong 3 to convict of error, by argument or proof. 

€)ON-FuT'£D, pp. Disproved 3 provr d to be false, defective 
or unsound 3 overthrown by argument, fact or proof. 

€ON-FuT'Ell, n. One who disproves or confutes. 

€ON-FuT'ING, ppr. Disproving 3 proving to be false, de- 
fective or invalid 5 overthrowing by argument or proof. 

f OON-FuTE'MENT, 71 . Disproof. Milton. 

•■''CON'GE, (kon'jee) 7t. [Fr. co7i^e.] 1 . Leave 3 farewell 3 
parting ceremony. 2 . The act of respect performed at 
the parting of friends. Hence, the customary act of civil- 
ity on other occasions 3 a bow or courtesy. 

€ON-Ge', V. i. To take leave with the customary civilities 3 
to bow or courtesy. 

GON-CiE-D’-E-LIRE', (kon-je-de-leer') In ecclesiastical af~ 
fairsy the king’s license or permission to a dean and chap- 
ter, to choose a bishop ; or to an abbey or priory of his own 
foundation to choose their abbot or prior. 

CON-GE, 71 . In architecture y a mold in form of a quarter 
round, or a cavetto, which serves to separate two members 
from one another. Also, a ring or ferrule, formerly used 
on th^ extremities of columns. 

€ON-GlcAL', t;. t. \\j. conaelo.'] 1 . To change from a flu- 
id to a solid state, as by cold, or a loss of heat, as water in 
freezing, liquid metal or wax in cooling, blood in stagnat- 
ing or cooling, &c. 3 to harden into ice, or into a substance 
of less solidity. 2 . Tc bind or fix with cold. 

€ON-Gi<:AL', 75. i. To grow hard, stiff or thick 3 to pass 
from a fluid to a solid state 3 to concrete into a solid mass. 

€ON-Gi<:AL'A-IUjE, a. That may be congealed 3 capable 
of beirig converted from a fluid to a solid state. 

€ON-Gi<: AL ED, (kon-jeeld') pp. Converted into ice, or a solid 
mass,_by the loss of heat, or other process 5 concreted. 

€ON-OkAL'ING, ppr Changing from a liquid to a solid 
state 3_concreting. 

€ON-GeAL'MENT, 71 . A clot or concretion 5 that which is 
formed by congelation. Also, congelation. 

CON-GE-La'TI6n, 71 . \\a. congelatio.'\ The process of pass- 
ing, or the act of converting, from a fluid to a solid state 3 
or the state of being congealed 5 concretion. 

t CON-GEM-I-Na'TION, 71 . A doubling or often repeating. 

CON-Ge'NER, 77. [L. congener.'] A thing of the same kind 
or nature. 


€ON-Ge/NER, or € 0 N-GEN'ER- 0 US, a Of the same 
kind or nature 3 allied in origin or cause. 

€ON-GEN'ER-A-CY, n. Similarity of origin. 

CON-GE-NER'IC, a. Being of the same kind or nature. 

€ 0 N-GEN'ER- 0 US-NESS, 71 . The quality of being from 
the same original, or of belonging to the same class. 

CON-Ge'NI-AL, a. [L. con and 1 . Partaking of 

the same genus, kind or nature 3 kindred 3 cognate. 2. 
Belonging to the nature 3 natural 3 agreeable to the na- 
ture. 3 . Natural 5 agreeable to the nature 3 adapted. 

€ON-GE-NI-AL'I-TY, ) n. Participation of the same ge- 

CON-Ge'NI-AL-NESS, ^ mis, nature or original ; cogna- 
tion 3 natural affinity 3 suitableness. 

t€ON-GE'i\T-OUS, a. Of the same kind. 

CON-GEN'ITE, or CON-GEN'I-TAL, a. [L. congenitus.] 
Of the same birth 3 born with another 3 connate 3 negotten 
together. 

CON GER, (kong'gur) 71. [L. congery or congrus.] The sea- 
eel 5 ^ large species of eel. 

CON-Ge'R 1 -ES, 71 . [L.] A collection of several particles or 
bodies in one mass or aggregate. 

CON-GEST', V. t. [L. co-ngeroy congestum.] To collect or 
gather into a mass or aggregate. 

CON-GEST'I-BLE, a. That may be collected into a mass. 

CON-GES'TION, 71 . [L. congestio.] A collection of humors 
in an animal body, hardened into a tumor. An accumu- 
lation of blood in a part. 

CON'GI-A-RY, 71 . [L. congianum.] Properly y a present 
made by the Roman emperors to the people, originally in 
corn or wine, measured out to them in a congius. 

CON-GLa'CIATE, V. i. [L. conglacio.] To turn to ice 3 to 

^J«0020 

€ON-GLA-CI-a'TION, n. The act of changing into ice, or 
the state of being converted to ice 3 a freezing 3 congela- 
tion. 

CON-GLo'BATE, a. ['L. conglobatus.] Formed or gathered 
into a ball. 

CON-GLo'BATE, 75. t. To collect or form into a ball or 
hard, round substance. 

CON-GLo'BA-TED, pp. Collected or formed into a ball. 

CON-GLo BATE-LY, adv. In a round or roundish form. 

CON-GLO-Ba'TION, 71 . The act of forming into a ball 3 a 
round body. 

CON-GLoBE', 75. t. [L. conglobo.] To gather into a ball 3 
to collect into a round mass. 

CON-GLoBE', 75. i. To collect, unite or coalesce in a round 
mass. 

CON-GLoB'ED, (kon-globd') pp. Collected into a ball. 

CON-GLoB'ING, ppr. Gathering into a round mass or ball. 

CON-GLOB'U-LATE, 75. i. To gather into a little round 
mass or globule. 

CON-GLOM'ER-ATE, a. [L. conglomero.] 1 . Gathered 
into a ball or round body. 2 . In botamjy conglomerate 
flowers grow on a branching peduncle or foot stalk, on 
short pedicles, closely compacted together without order. 
3 . Conglomerate rocks. Sec Puddi ng-stone. 

CON-GLOM'ER-ATE, v. t. To gather into a ball or round 
body 5 to collect into a round mass. 

CON-GLOM'ER-ATE, n. In mineralogyy a sort of pudding- 
stone, or coarse sand-stone, composed of pebbles of quartz, 
flint, siliceous slate, &c. 

CON-GLOM'ER-A-TED, pp. Gathered into a ball or round 
mass. 

CON-GLOM'ER-A-TING, ppr. Collecting into a ball. 

CON-GLOM-ER-a'TION, 71 . The act of gathering into a 
ball 5 the state of being thus collected 3 collection 3 accu- 
mulation. 

CON-GLu'TT-NANT, a. Gluing 3 uniting 3 healing. 

CON-GIjU'TI-NANT, n. A medicine that heals wounds. 

CON-GLu TI-NATE, v. t. [L. conglut'ino.] 1 . To glue to- 
gether 5 to unite by some glutinous or tenacious substance. 
2 . To heal 3 to unite the separated parts of a wound by 
a tenacious substance. 

CON-GLu'TI-NATE, 75. i. To coalesce 3 to unite by the in- 
tervention of a callus. 

CON-GLO'TI-NA-TED, pp. Glued together 3 united by a 
tenacious substance. 

CON-GLu'TI-NA-TING, ppr. Gluing together 3 uniting or 
closing by a tenacious substance. 

CON-GI.U-TI-Na'TION, 71 . The act of gluing together 3 a 
joining by means of some tenacious substance 3 a healing 
by uniting the parts of a wound 3 union. 

CON-GLu'TI-NA-TiVE, a. Having the power of uniting 
by glue, or other substance of like nature. 

CON-GLu'TI-NA-TOR, n. That which has the power of 
uniting wounds. 

€ON'GO, (kong'go) n. A species of tea from China. 

CON-GRAT'U-LAN 7 \ a. Rejoicing in participation. 

CON-GRAT'H-LATE, v. t. [L. congratulor.] 'Po profess 
one’s pleasure or joy to another on account of an event 
deemed happy or fortunate, as on the birth of a child, suc- 
cess in an enterprise, victory, escape from danger, «Scc. 3 
to wish joy to another. 

€ON-GRAT'U-IiATE, v. i. To rejoice in participation. Swift. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3— | Obsolete. 


CON 


179 


CON 


CON-GRAT'U-LA-TED, pp. Complimented with expres- 
sions of joy at a happy event. 

€ON-GKAT'U-LA-']'lJ\G, ppr. Professing one’s joy or 
satisfaction on account of some happy event, prosperity or 
success. 

€Oj.\-GRAT-U-La'TION, n. The act of professing one’s 
joy or good wishes at the success or liappmess of anotlier, 
or on account of an event deemed fortunate to both par- 
ties, or to the community. 

€ON-GlvAT'U-LA-TOK, n. One who offers congratula- 
tion. 

€ON-GRAT'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Expressing joy for the good 
fortune of anotJier, or for an event fortunate for both par- 
ties, or for the community. 
t€ON-GREE', V. i. To agree. Shak. 
t COi\-GREET', V. t. 'J’o salute mutually. Shale. 
CON'GRE-GATE, v. t. [L. congrego.] To collect separate 
persons or things into an assemblage ; to assemble j to 
bring into one place, or into a crowd or united body. 
COA'GRE-GATE, v. i. To come together 3 to assemble ; to 
meet. Denham. 

CON'GRE-GATE, a. Collected 3 compact 3 close. \^Little 
Bacon. 

€OiS'GRE-GA-TED, pp. Collected 3 assembled in one place. 
CON'GRE-t; A-TING, ppr. Collecting 5 assembling 3 coming 
together. 

€Ox\-GRE-Ga'TION, n. 1. The act of bringing together, 
or assembling. 2. A collection or assemblage of separate 
things. 3 . JVIore generally, an assembly of persons 3 
and, appropriately, an assembly of persons met for the 
worship of God. 4 . An assembly of rulers. JSTajnb. xxxv. 
5 . An assembly of ecclesiastics or cardinals appointed by 
the pope. Also, a company or society of religious can- 
toned out of an order. 6. An academical assembly for 
transacting business of the university. 
€0 N-GRE-Ga'T10N-AL, a. Pertaining to a congregation ; 
appropriately used of such Christians as hold to church 
government by consent and election, maintaining that 
each congregation is independent of others, and has the 
right to choose its own pastor, and govern itself. 
€ 0 iN'-GRE-GA'T 10 N-AL-iSM, n. Ecclesiastical govern- 
ment in the hands o-f each church, as an independent 
body. 

€ON-GRE-Ga'TION-AL-IST, n. One who belongs to a 
congregational church or society 
COxN'GRElsS, n. [L. congressus.\ 1 . A meeting of individ- 
uals 3 an assembly of envoys, commissioners, deputies, 
&c., particularly a meeting of the representatives of sever- 
al courts, to concert measures for their common good, c^r 
to .adjust their mutual concerns. 2 . The assembly of 
delegates of the several British colonies in America, 
which united to resist the claims of Great Britain in 1774 . 
3 . The assembly of the delegates of the several United 
States, after the declaration of independence, in 1776 , and 
until the adoption of the present constitution. 4 . The 
assembly of senators and representatives of the several 
states of North America, according to the present consti- 
tution, or political comp.act, by which they are united in 
a federal republic. 5 . A meeting of two or more persons 
in a contest 3 an encounter 5 a conilict. 6. The meeting 
of the sexes in sexual commerce, 
t €ON-GRES'SION, n. A company. 

€ON-GRES'rilON-AL, a. Pertaining to a congress, or to 
the congress of the United States. Barlow. 
€ 0 N-GRES'S 1 VE, a. 1 . Meeting, as the sexes. 2 . Encoun- 
tering. 

fGON-GRuE', V. i. To agree. Shak. 

GON'GRU-EXCE, ) n. [L. congruentia.'] Suitableness of 
€ON-GRO'EN-CY, ) one thing to another 3 agreement 3 
consistency. 

€ON'GRU-ENT, a. Suitable 3 agreeing 3 correspondent. 
Davies. 

GON-GRu'I-TY, n. 1 . Suitableness 3 the relation of agree- 
ment between things. 2 . Fitness 3 pertinence. 3 . Rea- 
son ; consistency 3 propriety. 4 . In school divinity, the 
good actions which are supposed to render it meet and 
equitable that God should confer grace on those who per- 
form them. — 5 . In geometry, figures or lines, which, when 
laid over one another, exactly correspond, are in congruity. 
t €ON'GRU-MENT, n. Fitness 3 adaptation. 
CON'GRU-OUS, a. [L. con^ruus.] 1 . Suitable 3 consistent 3 
agreeable to. 2 . Rational5 fit. 

CON'GRU-OUS-LY, adv. Suitably 3 pertinently 3 agreea- 
bly ; consistently. Boyle. 

€ON'l€, \ a. [L. conicus.'] 1 . Having the form of a 

€ONT-€AL, \ cone 5 round, and decreasing to a point. 
2 . Pertaining to a cone . — Conic section, a curve line form- 
ed by the intersection of a cone and plane. The conic 
sections are the parabola, hyperbola, and ellipsis. 
€ONT-CAL-LY, adv. In the form of a cone. 
€ONT-€AL-NESS, n. The state hr quality of l)eing conical. 
UON'ieS, n. That part of geometry which treats of the cone 
and the curves which arise from its sections. 
€ 0 -NlF'ER- 0 US, a. [L. conifer, coniferus,] Bearing cones 3 


producing hard, dry, scaly seed-vessels of a conical figure, 
as the pine, fir, cypress and beech. 

Co'NI-FORM, a. In form of a cone 3 conical. 

UONT-SOR. SeeCoGNisoR. 

Uo'NITE, 71 . [Gr. /covi?.] A mineral, of an ash or greenish- 
gray color. 

t UON-JEUT', -y. t. To throw together, or to throw. 
t€ON-JE€T', v.i. To guess. Shale. 

€ON-JE€T'OR, n. [L.] One who guesses or conjectures. 
Swift. 

CON-JE€T'U-RA-BLE, a. That may be guessed or con- 
jectured. 

€ON-JE€T'U-RAL, a. Depending on conjecture 3 done or 
said by guess. 

f €ON-JE€T-U-RALT-TY, n. That which depends upon 
guess. Brown. 

CON-JEGT'U-RAL-LY, adv. Without proof, or evidence 3 
by conjecture 5 by guess. 

€ON-JEUT'UR£, n. [L. conjectura.~\ 1 . Literally, a cast- 
ing or throwing together of possible or probable events, 
or a casting of the mind to something future, or something 
past, but unknown 3 a guess 3 preponderance of opinion 
without proof 5 surmise. 2. Idea 5 notion. 
€ON-JE€T'URE, v. t. To guess 3 to judge by guess, or by 
the probability or the possibility of a fact, or by very slight 
evidence 5 to form an opinion at random. 
€ON-JECT'URED, pp. Guessed 3 surmised. 
UON-JEUT/UR-ER, n. One who guesses 5 a guesser 3 one 
who forms or utters an opinion without proof. 
€ 0 N-JE€T'UR- 1 NG, ppr. Guessing 3 surmising. 
CON-JOB'BLE, V. t. To settle 3 to conceit. A cant icord. 
UON-JOIN', V. t. [Fr. conjoindre.} 1 . To join together, 
without any thing intermediate 5 to unite two or more 
persons or things in close connection. 2 . To associate, or 
connect. 

CON-JOIN', V. i. To unite 5 to join ; to league. Shak. 
CON-JOIN'ED, (kon-joind') pp. Joined to or with 3 united 3 
associated. 

CON-JOIN'ING, ppr. Joining together 3 uniting 3 connect- 
ing. 

CON-JOINT', a. United 3 connected 3 associate. — Conjoint 
degrees, in imisic, two notes which follow each other im- 
mediately in tlie order of the scale. — Conjoint tetrachords, 
two tetrachords or fourths, where the same chord is the 
highest of one and the lowest of the other. 
CON-JOINT'LY, adv. Jointly 3 unitedly 3 in union 3 to- 
gether. 

CON'JU-GAL, a. [L. conjugalis.] 1 . Belonging to mar- 
riage 3 matrimonial 3 connubial. 2 . Suitable to the mar- 
ried state 5 becoming a husband in relation to his consort, 
or a consort in relation to her husband. 

CON'JU-GAL-LY, adv. Matrimonially; connubially. 
CON'JU-GATE, V. t. [L. conjugo.] 1 . To join 3 to unite in 
marriage 3 [not now wsed.] — 2 . In grammar, to distribute 
the parts or inflections of a verb into the several voices, 
modes, tenses, numbers and persons. 

CON'JU-GATE, 71 . A word agreeing in derivation with 
another word, and therefore generally resembling it in 
signification. 

CON'JU-GATE, a. In botany, a conjugate leaf is a pinnate 
leaf which has only one pair of leaflets. — Conjugate diam- 
eter or axis, in geometry, a right line bisecting the trans- 
verse diameter 3 the sliortest of the two diameters of an 
ellipsis. 

CON-JU-Ga'TION, n. [L. covjugatio.] 1 . A couple or 
pair 3 [little used.] Brown. 2 . The act of uniting or com- 
piling; union; assemblage. Bentley. — 3 . In grammar, 
the distribution of the several inflections or variations of 
a verb, in their different voices, modes, tenses, numbers 
and persons ; a connected scheme of all the derivative 
forms of a verb. 

CON-JUNCT', a. [L. conjunctus.] Conjoined 3 united 3 
concurrent. Shak. 

CON-JUNC'TION, 77. \JL. conjunctio.] 1. Union 3 connec- 
tion 3 association by treaty or otherwise. Bacon. — 2 . In as- 
tronomy, the meeting of two or more stars or planets in 
tlie same degree of the zodiac. — 3 . In grammar, a con- 
nective or connecting word. 4 . The copulation of the 
sexes. 

CON-JUNC'TIVE, a. 1 . Closely united. a A- . 2 . Uniting ; 

serving to unite. — 3 . In grammar, the conjunctive mode is 
that which follows a conjunction, or expresses some con- 
dition, or contingency. It is more generally called sub- 
junctive. 

CON-JUNC'TIVE-LY, adv. In conjunction, or union 3 to- 
gether. 

CON-JUNC'TIVE-NESS, n. The quality of conjoining or 
uniting. 

CON-JUNCT'LY, adv. In union 3 jointly 3 together. 
CON-JUNCT'URE, n. [¥\\ conjoncturc.] 1 . A joining; n 
combination or union, as of causes, events or circum- 
stances. 2 . An occasion ; a critical time, proceeding froiu 
a union of circumstances. 3 . Union ; connection 3 mode 
of union. 4 . Connection 3 union 3 consistency. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— C as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


CON 


180 


CON 


eoN-JU-RA/TION, 71. The act of using certain words or 
ceremonies to obtain the aid of a superior being ; the act 
of summoning in a sacred name 5 tlie practice of arts to ex- 
pel evil spirits, allay storms, or perform supernatural or 
extraordinary acts. 

€ON-JuRE', 77. t. [L. conju.ro.] 1. To call on or summon 
by a sacred name, or in a solemn manner j to implore 
with solemnity. 2. To bind two or more by an oath ; to 
unite in a common design. Hence, intransitively , to con- 
spire ; [not usual.] 

CoX'JURE, Tj.t. To expel, to drive or to affect in some 
manner, by magic arts, as by invoking the Supreme Being, 
or by the use of certain words, characters or ceremonies, 
to engage supernatural influence. 

C6NJHKE, 77 . t. ]. To practice the arts of a conjurer; to 
use arts to engage the aid of spirits in performing some 
extraordinary act. — 2. In a vulgar sense^ to behave very 
strangely ; to act like a witch ; to play tricks. 

CON-Jult'ED, (kon-jurd') pp. Bound by an oath. 

€OX-JuRE'MENT, /t. Serious injunction ; solemn demand. 
Milton. 

C6X'JUR-ER, 71. One who practices conjuration ; one who 
pretends to the secret art of performing things supernatural 
or extraordinary, by the aid of superior powers. Ironical- 
ly, a man of shrewd conjecture ; a man of sagacity. 

CON-JUR'ING, ppr. Enjoining or imploring solemnly. 

OOX-XAS'CEXCE, ?/. [L. con and nascar.] 1. The com- 
mon birth of two or more at the same time ; production of 
two or more together. 2. A being born or produced with 
another. 3. The act of growing together, or at the same 
time. 

€OX'NATE, a. [L. con and natus.] I. Born with another; 
being of the same birth. — 2. In botany, united in origin ; 
growing from one base ; united into one body. 

€OX-XAT'U-RAL, a. 1. Connected by nature ; united in 
nature ; born with another. 2. Participating of the same 
nature. 

COX-NAT-U-RALT-TY, n. Participation of the same na- 
ture ; natural union. 

€ON-XAT'U-RAL-IZE, v. t. To connect by nature ; to 
make natural. Scott. 

€ON-xXAT'U-RAL-LY, adv. By the act of nature ; orig- 
inally. Hale. 

eON-XAT/U-RAL-NESS, n. Participation of the same na- 
ture ; natural union. Pearson. 

CON-NECT', 77. t. [L. connecto.] 1. To knit or link to- 
gether; to tie or fasten together. 2. To join or unite ; to 
conjoin, in almost any manner, either by junction, by 
any intervening means, or by order and relation. 

CON-NECT', V. i. To join, unite or cohere ; to have a close 
relation. 

€Ox\-NE€'TIOX, 71. [L. connexio.] The act of joining, or 
state of being joined ; a state of being knit or fastened to- 
gether ; union by junction, by an intervening substance 
or medium, by dependence or relation, or by order in a 
series ; a word of very general import. 

COX-XE€T'IVE, a. Having the power of connecting. 

€OX"-X’^E0T'IVE, n. In grammar, a word that connects 
other words and sentences ; a conjunction. Harris. 

COx\-XECT'IVfi-LY, adv. In union or conjunction ; joint- 
ly. Swift. 

t COX-XEX', V. t. [L. coimezum.] To link together ; to 
join. Hall. 

COX-X^EX'ION, n. Connection. [But for the sake of regu- 
lar analogy, I have inserted connection, as the derivative 
of the English connect, and would discard connexion.] 

COX'-XEX'I VE, a. Connective ; having the power to con- 
nect; uniting; conjunctive. [Little tised.] 

fCOX’^-NIC-TA'TIOX, n. [L. connicto.] A winking. Diet. 

COX-XTV'AXCE, n. Properly, the act of winking. Hence, 
figuratively, voluntary blindness to an act ; intentional 
forbearance to see a fault or other act, generally implying 
consent to it. 

GOX-XIVE', V. i. [L. conniveo.] 1. To wink ; to close and 
open the eyelids rapidly. 2. In ti figurative sense, to close 
the eyes upon a fault or other act ; to pretend ignorance 
or blindness ; to forbear to see ; to overlook a fault. 

COX^-XTV EX-CX, n. Connivance, which see. 

COX’’-XTV'EXT, a. 1. Shutting the eyes ; forbearing to see. 
— 2. In anatomy, the connivent valves are those wrinkles, 
cellules and vascules, which are found on the inside of 
the two intestines, ilium and jejunum. — 3. In botany, 
closely united ; converging together. Eaton. 

COX-XiV'ER, n. One who connives. 

COX-XTV'IXG, ppr. Closing the eyes against faults; per- 
mitting faults to pass uncensured. 

*€OX-XOIS-SErR', (kon-)iis-sure', or ko-nis-sauW) n. 
[Fr.] A person well versed in any subject; a skilful or 
knowing person ; a critical judge or master of any art, 
particularly of painting and sculpture. 

COX-XOlB-SEuR'SIIIP, n. The skill of a connoisseur. 

COX'XO-TATE, V. t. [con and note ; L. noto.] I’o desig- 
nate with something else ; to imply. [Little used.] Ham- 
mond. 


COX^-XO-Ta'TIOX, 71. The act of designating with some- 
thing; implication of something beside itself; inference. 
[Littl^ used.] 

COX-X'oTE', V. t. [L. con and nota.] To make known 
together ; to imply ; to denote or designate ; to include. 
[Little used.] 

CUX-X U'BI-AL, a. [L. connubialis.] Pertaining to mar- 
riage ; nuptial ; belonging to the state of husband and 
wife. 

€OX-XU-MER-a'TIOX, n. A reckoning together. 

COX'XU-SAXCE, n. [Fr. connoissance^ Knowledge. See 
Cognizance. 

CON'XU-SAXT, a. Knowing; informed; apprized. 
Browne. 

COX"'XY, a. [W. cono.] Brave ; fine. [Local.] Orose. 

Co'X'OID, 71. [Gx. Kwvoti^rjs.] 1. In a solid form- 

ed by the revolution of a conic section about its axis. — 2. In 
anatomy, a gland in the third ventricle of the brain. 

CO-XOIH'IC, ) a. Pertaining to a conoid ; having the 

CO-XOID'I-CAL, I form of a conoid. 

COX-Q.UAS'EATE, t. [L. To shake. [Little 

used.] Harvey. 

t COX-Q.UAS-S a'TIOX’^, 71. Agitation; concussion. 

COX'CiUER, (kon'ker) v. t. [Jr. conquerir.] 1. To subdue ; 
to reduce, by physical force, till resistance is no longer 
made ; to overcome ; to vanquish. 2. To gain by force ; 
to win ; to take possession by violent means ; to gain do- 
minion or sovereignty over. 3. To subdue opposition or 
resistance of the will by moral force ; to overcome by ar- 
gument, persuasion or other influence. 4. To overcome, 
as dilficulties ; to surmount, as obstacles ; to subdue what- 
ever opposes. 5. To gain or obtain by effort. 

COX'CiUER, V. i. To overcome ; to gain the victory. 

€OX'(iUER-A-BLE, a. That may be conquered, overcome 
or subdued. 

COA’^QUER-A-BLE-XESS, n. Possibility of being overcome. 

GOX^'QUERED, pp. Overcome; subdued; vanquished; 
gained ; won. 

€UX'Q,UER-ESS, n. A female who conquers ; a victorious 
female. 

€OX'Q,UER-IX^G, ppr. Overcoming; subduing; vanquish- 
ing ; obtaining. 

€OX'Q,UER-OK, n. One who conquers ; one who gains a 
victory ; one who subdues and brings into subjection or 
possession, by force or by influence. 

€OX'Q,UEST, n. [Fr. conquSte.] 1. The act of conquering ; 
the act of overcoming or vanquishing opposition by force, 
physical or moral. 2. Victory ; success in arms ; Uie 
overcoming of opposition. 3. That which is conquered; 
possession gained by force, physical or moral. 4. In a 
feudal sense, acquest ; acquisition ; the acquiring of prop- 
erty by other means than by inheritance. Blackstone. — 5. 
In the law of nations, the acquisition of sovereignty by 
force of arms. 6. The act of gaining or regaining by effort. 

GOX-SAX^-GUIX'E-OUS, a. [L. consanguineus.] Of the 
same blood ; related by birth ; descended from the same 
parent or ancestor. 

0OX-SAX'-GU1XH-TY, n. [L. consanguinitas.] The rela- 
tion of persons by blood ; the relation or connection of 
persons descended from the same stock or common an- 
C0stor. 

€OX-SAR-CIX-a'TIOX, n. The act of patching together. 
Diet. 

GOX'SCIEXCE, (kon'shens) n. [Fr., from L. conscientia.] 
]. Internal or self-knowledge, or judgment of right ana 
wrong; or the faculty, power or principle within us, 
which decides on the lawfulness or unlawTulness of our 
own actions and affections, and instantly approves or 
condemns them. — It is called by some w’riters the moral 
sense. 2. The estimate or determination of conscience ; 
justice ; honesty. 3. Real sentiment ; private thoughts ; 
truth. 4. Consciousness ; knowledge of our own actions 
or thoughts. This primary sense of the word is nearly, 
perhaps wholly, obsolete. 5. Knowledge of the actions 01 
others. 6. In ludicrous language, reason or reasonable- 
ness. — 7'o make conscience, or a matter of conscience, is 
to act according to the dictates of conscience. — Court of 
conscience, a court established for the recovery of small 
debts in liondon, and other trading cities and districts. 

COX'fc’ClEX^CED, a. Having conscience. 

fCOX'SCIEXT, fl. Conscious. Bacon. 

COX^-SCI-EX^'TIOUS, (kon-she-en shus) a. 1. Influenced 
by conscience ; governed by a strict regard to the dic- 
tates of conscience, or by the known or supposed rules of 
right and wrong. 2. Regulated by conscience ; accord- 
ing to the dictates of conscience. 

COX-SCI-EX^'TIOUS-LY, adv. According to the direction 
of conscience ; with a strict regard to riglit and w'rong. 

GOX^-SCI-EX'TIOl^S-X^ESS, n. A scrupulous regard to the 
decisions of conscience ; a sense of justice, and strict con- 
formity to its dictates. 

€OX/SCIOX^-A-BLE, a. According to conscience ; reasona- 
ble ; just. 

GOX^'SCIOX-A-BLE-X^ESS, 7i. Reasonableness ; equity. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, V, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIX, MARiXE, BIRD - f Obsolete. 


CON 


181 


CON 


CON^SCION-A-BLY, adv. In a maimer agreeable to con- 
science j reasonably j justly. 

COiV'SCIOUS, a. [L. corascms.] 1. Possessing the facul- 
ty or power of knowing one’s own thoughts, or mental 
operations. 2. Knowing from memory, or without extra- 
neous information. 3. Knowing by conscience, or inter- 
nal perception or persuasion. 

€ON'C)CIOlJiS-LY, ado. With knowledge of one’s own men- 
tal operations or actions. 

CON'SCIOUS-NESS, n. 1. The knowledge of sensations 
and mental operations, or of what passes in one’s own 
mind j the act of the mind which makes known an inter- 
nal object. 2. Internal sense or knowledge of guilt or in- 
nocence. 3. Certain knowledge from observation or ex- 
perience. 

COA'SCRIPT, a. [L. conscriptm.'] Written ; enrolled ; as, 
conscript fathers, the senators of Home, so called because 
their names were written in the register of tlie -senate. 

CON'SCRIPT, 71. An enrolled soldier ; a word 'used in 
France. 

CON-SCRIP'TION, n. [L. conscriptio.] 1. An enrolling or 
registering. 2 . Soldiers or forces levied by enrolling. 

COA'SE-CRATE, v. t. [L. consecro.^ 1. To make or 
declare to be sacred, by certain ceremonies or rites ; to 
appropriate to sacred uses ; to set apart, dedicate, or de- 
vote, to the service and worship of God. 2. To canonize ; 
to exalt to the rank of a saint ; to enroll among the gods. 
3. To set apart and bless the elements in the eucharist. 4. 
To render venerable ; to make respected. 

GOA^'SE-CRATE, a. Sacred j consecrated ; devoted ; dedi- 
cated. 

COA^'SE-CRxYTED, pp. Made sacred by ceremonies or sol- 
emn rites j separated from a common to a sacred use 5 de- 
voted or dedicated to the service and worship of God j 
made venerable. 

€0A^'SE-CRA-T1A"G, ppr. Making sacred ; appropriating to 
a sacred use 5 dedicating to the service of God j devoting 5 
rendering venerable. 

CON-SE-CRxX'TlON, n. 1. The act or ceremony of separat- 
ing from a common to a sacred use, or of devoting and 
dedicating a pei-son or thing to the service and worship 
of God, by certain rites or solemnities. 2. Canonization ; 
the act of translating into heaven, and enrolling or num- 
bering among tlie saints or gods j the ceremony of the 
apotheosis of an emperor. 3. The benediction of the ele- 
ments in the eucharist ; the act of setting apart and bless- 
ing the elements in the communion. 

COj\'SE-€RA-TOR, n. One who consecrates ; one who per- 
forms tJie rites by which a person or thing is devoted or 
dedicated to sacred purposes. 

€Oi\/tfE-CRA-TO-RY, a. Making sacred. Bp. Morton. 

CON'SEC-TA-RY, a. [L. cons ectar ins Following ; conse- 
quent ; consequential ; deducible. 

€ON'SE€-TA-RY, n. That which follows 5 consequence ; 
deduction from premises ; corollary. 

€ON-SE-€U'TION, n. [L. consecutio.^ 1. A following or 
sequel ; train of consequences from premises ; series of 
deductions. 2. Succession ; series of things that follow 
each other. — 3. In astronomy, consecution month is the 
space between one conjunction of the moon with the sun 
and another. 

€ON-SE€'U-TlVE, a. [It. consecutivo.^ 1. Following in 
a train ; succeeding one another in a regular order ; suc- 
cessive ; uninterrupted in course or succession. 2. Fol- 
lowing ; consequential ; succeeding. 3. Consecutive chords, 
in 7nusic, imply a succession or repetition of the same con- 
sonance in similar motion. 

€ON-SEC'U-TIVE-LY, adv. By way of consequence or 
succession. 

I GON-SEMT-NATE, v. t. [L. consemino.] To sow differ- 
ent seeds together. Diet. 

GON-SE-NES'CENCE, ) n. [L. consenesco.] A growing 

GON-SE-xNES'CEN-CY, \ old ; decay from age. Ray. 

GON-SEA^'SION, n. [L. cmiscasto.] Agreement ; accord. 
[fAttle used.'] 

GOxV-SENT', n. [L. consensus.] 1. Agreement of the mind 
to what is proposed or stated by another ; accord ; hence, 
a yielding of the mind or will to that which is proposed. 
2. Accord of minds ; agreement ; unity of opinion. 3. 
x‘\greeinent ; coherence ;* correspondence in parts, quali- 
ties or operation. 4. In the animal economy, an agree- 
ment, or sympathy, by which one affected part of the sys- 
tem affects some distant part. 

GON-SEA"T^, V. i. [L. consentio.] 1. Literally, to think with 
another. Hence, to agree or accord. More generally, to 
agree in mind and will ; to yield to what one lias the 
power, the right, or the disposition, to withhold, or refuse 
to grant. 2. To agree. 3. To assent. 

GO\-SEN-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [D. consentaneus.] Agreeable j 
accordant ; consistent with : suitable. 

GON-SEN-Ta'NE-OUS-LY, adv. Agreeably ; consistent- 
ly ; suitably. 

GON-SEX-Ta'NE-OUS-NESS, n. Agreement j accordance ; 
consistency. Diet. 


GON-SEX^T'ER, n. One who consents. 

GON-SEN'TIENT, a. [L. consentiens.] Agreeing in mind j 
accordant in opinion. 

CON'SE-Q,UENCE, 71. [L. consequentia.] 1. That which 
follows from any act, cause, principle or series of actions. 
Hence, an ev'ent or effect produced by some preceding 
act or cause. — 2. In logic, a proposition collected from the 
agreement of other previous propositions 3 the conclusion 
which results from reason or argument 3 inference 3 de- 
duction. 3. Connection of cause and effect 3 consecution. 
4. Influence 3 tendency, as to effects. 5. Importance 3 
extensive influence 3 distinction . — In consequence, by 
means of 3 as the effect of. 

GON'SE-QUEAT, a. [L. consequens.] 1. Following, as 
the natural effect. 2. Following by necessary inference 
or rational deduction. 

GOX'SE-QUEXT, 71. 1 . Effect 3 that which follows a cause. 
2. That which follows from propositions by rational deduc- 
tion 3 that which is deduced from reasoning or argument- 
ation 3 a conclusion or inference. 

GON-SE-Q,UEN'TIAL, a. 1. Following as the effect 3 pro- 
duced by the connection of effects with causes. 2. Hav- 
ing the consequence justly connected with the premises 3 
conclusive. 3. Important. 4. Conceited 3 pompous 3 ap- 
plied to perso77s. 

GON-SE-QUEN'TIAL-LY, adv. 1. With just deduction of 
consequences 3 with right connection of ideas. 2. By 
consequence 3 not immediately 3 eventually. 3. In a reg- 
ular series 3 in the order of cause and effect. 4 . With as- 
sumed importance 3 with conceit. 

GON-SE-Q,UEN'TIi\L-X^ESS, 71. Regular consecution in 
discourse. 

GOX'SE-Q,UENT-LY, adv. By consequence 3 by necessa- 
ry connection of effects with their causes 3 in consequence 
of something. 

GON'SE-QUENT-NESS, n. Regular connection of proposi- 
tions, following each other 3 consecution of discourse. 
[Little 7ised.] 

GON-SER'TION, n. [L. co7isero.] Junction 5 adaptation. 
Young. 

GOX-SERV'A-BLE, a. That may be kept or preserved from 
decay or injury. 

GON-SERV'AN-CY, n. [L. conservans.] A co7i7't of con- 
servancy is held by the lord mayor of London, for the 
preservation of the fishery on the Thames. 

GON-SERV'ANT, a. Preserving 5 having the power or 
quality of preserving from decay or destruction. 

GON-SER-Va'TION, 71. [Ij. co7iscrvatio.] The act of pre- 
serving, guarding or protecting 3 preservation from loss, 
decay, injury, or violation 3 the keeping of a thing in a 
safe or entire state. 

GON-SERV'x'V-TiVE, a. Preservative 3 having power to 
preserv'^e in a safe or entire state, or from loss, waste, or 
injury. 

GON-SER-Va'TOR, 71. 1. A preserver 3 one who preserves 
from injury or violation. Appropriately, an officer wdio 
has the charge of preserving the public peace, as judges 
and sheriffs 3 also, an officer who has the charge of pre- 
serving the rights and privileges of a city, corporation, or 
community. 2. In Connecticut, a person appointed to su- 
perintend idiots, lunatics, &c., manage their property, 
and preserve it from waste. 

GON-SERV^A-TO-RY, a. Having the quality of preserv- 
ing from loss, decay or injury. 

GOA -SERV'A-TO-RY, 71. 1. A place for presening any 
thing in a state desired, as from loss, decay, waste, or in- 
jury. 2. A large peen-house for exotics, in wliich the 
plants are planted in beds and borders, and not in tubs, or 
pots, as in the common green-house. 

GOA’^-SERVE', (kon-serv') v. t. [L. co7iservo.] To keep 
in a safe or sound state 3 to save 3 to preserve from loss, 
decay, waste or injury 3 to defend from violation. 

GON'SERVE, 7 f. 1. A sweetmeat made of the inspissated 
juice of fruit, boiled with sugar. — 2. In phaj'macy, a form 
of medicine contrived to preserve theflow’ers, herbs, roots 
or fruits of simples, as nearly as possible, in their natural 
fresh state. 3. A conservatory 3 [not 7Lsual.] 

GOA'-SERV'ED, (kon-servd') pp. Preserved in a safe and 
sound state 5 guarded 3 kept 3 maintained 3 protected 3 
prepared with sugar. 

GOA"^-SERV'ER, 71. One who conserves 3 one who keeps 
from loss or injury 3 one who lays up for preservation 3 a 
preparer of conserves. 

GON-SERVHAG, ppr. Keeping in safety 3 defending 3 main- 
taining 3 preparing with sugar. 

GOA’^-SES'SIOA^, 71. [L. cowsessio.j A sitting together. 
[Little used.] 

GON-SES'SOR, 71. One that sits with others. [Little 7ised.] 

GON-SID'ER, V. t. [L. considero.] 1. To fix the mind on, 
with a view to a careful examination 3 to think on with 
care 3 to ponder 3 to study 3 to meditate on. 2. To view 
attentively 3 to observ^e and examine. 3. To attend to 5 
to relieve. 4. To have regard to 3 to respect. 5. To take 
into view in examination, or into account in estimates. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE 3 — BlILL, UNITE. — Gas K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SII 3 TH as in this. | Obsolete 


CON 


182 


CON 


6. In the imperative^ consider is equivalent to think with 
care, attend, examine the subject with a view to truth or 
tlie consequences of a measure. 7. To requite j to re- 
waid ; particularly for gratuitous services. 
eOX-SID'EK, V. i. 1. To think seriously, maturely or care- 
fully 5 to reriect. 2. To deliberate j to turn in the mind j 
as in the case of a single person ; to deliberate or consult, 
as numbers. 3. To doubt ; to hesitate. 
eON-SID'ER-A-BLE, a. [Fr.,Sp.] 1. That may be consider- 
ed 5 that is to be observed, remarked or attended to. [ This 
priniarij use of the word is very rarely ^tsed.'\ 2. Worthy 
of consideration ; worthy of regard or attention. 3. Respect- 
able ; deserving of notice ; of some distinction. 4. Import- 
ant; valuable; or moderately large, according to the subject. 
0ON-SID'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. Some degree of importance, 
moment or dignity ; a degree of value or importance that 
deserves notice. 

CON-SID'ER-A-BLY, adv. In a degree deserving notice ; 

in a degree not trifling, or unimportant. 
f€0*\-S?lD'ER-ANCE, n. Consideration; reflection; sober 
thought. 

COA-SIIFER-ATE, a. [L. consider atas.'] 1. Given to con- 
sideration, or to sober reflection ; thoughtful ; hence, seri- 
ous ; circumspect ; careful ; discreet ; prudent ; not hasty 
or rash ; not negligent. 2. Having respect to ; regardful ; 
[little used.] 3. Moderate ; not rigorous. 
€OX-SID'ER-ATE-LY, adv. With deliberation ; with due 
consideration ; calmly ; prudently. 

CON-SID ER-ATE-NESS, n. Prudence ; calm deliberation. 
CON-SID-ER-A'TION, n. [L. consider atio.] 1. The act of 
considering ; mental view ; regard ; notice. 2. Mature 
thought ; serious deliberation. 3. Contemplation ; medi- 
tation. 4. Some degree of importance ; claim to notice, 
or regard ; a moderate degree of respectability. 5. That 
which is considered ; motive of action ; influence ; ground 
of conduct. 6. Reason ; that which induces to a deter- 
mination. — 7. In law, the reason which moves a con- 
tracting party to enter into an agreement ; the material 
cause of a contract ; the price or motive of a stipulation. 
CON-SID'ER-A-TIV’E, a. Taking into consideration. [L. w.] 
•f €OA'-SID'ER-A-TOR, n. He who is given to considera- 
tion. Brown. 

CON-SID ERED, pp. Thought of with care ; pondered ; 

viewed attentively ; deliberated on ; examined. 

CON-SID ER-ER, n. A thinker ; one who considers ; a 
man of reflection. 

COx\-SfD'ER-ING, ppr. Fixing the mind on ; meditating 
on ; pondering ; viewing with care and attention ; delib- 
erating on. — [A''ote. We have a peculiar use of this word, 
whicli may be a corruption for considered, or which may 
be a deviation from analogy by an insensible change in 
the structure of the phrase. “ It is not possible for us to 
act otlierwise, considering the weakness of our nature.”] 
€0N-S1D^ER-ING, n. The act of deliberating, or carefully 
attending to ; hesitation. 

GO\-SID'ER-ING-LY, adv. With consideration or delibera- 
tion. 

€ON-vSTGN', (kon-sine') v. t. [L. consigno.'] 1. To give, 
send or set over ; to transfer or deliver into the possession 
of another, or into a different state, with the sense of 
fixedness in that state, or permanence of possession. 

2. To deliver or transfer, as a charge or trust ; to commit. 

3. To set over or commit, for permanent preservation. 

4. To appropriate. 

t GOX-SIGN^, (kon-sine') v. i. To submit to the same terms 
with another; also, to sign ; to agree or consent, 
f €ON-SIG'XA-TA-RY, «. One to whom is consigned any 
trust or business. 

€OX-S1G-Na'TION, n. The act of consigning; the act of 
delivering or committing to another person, place or 
state. [Little used.'] 

GON-SIG'NA-TURE, 11 . Full signature; joint signing or 
stamping. 

COX-STGN'ED, (kon-sind') pp. Delivered ; committed for 
keeping, or management ; deposited in trust. 
CON-SI-GNEE', (kon-se-nce') n. The person to whom goods 
or other things are delivered in trust, for sale or superin- 
tendence ; a factor. 

€ON-BlGX'ER, ) n. The person who consigns ; one who 
€OX-STGN'OR, | sends, delivers, or commits goods to 
another for sale, or a ship for superintendence, bills of 
lading, papers, &c. 

COX-BlG-NfF-I-GA'TfOX, n. Joint signification. 
€OX-BIG-XIFT-€A-TiVE, a. Having a like signification, 
or jointly significative. 

GOX-BTGNTXG, ppr. Delivering to another in trust ; send- 
ing, or committing. 

€OX-STGN'MEXT, (kon-sine'ment) n. 1. The act of con- 
signing ; consignation ; the act of sending or committing, 
as a charge for safe-keeping or management ; the act of 
depositing with, as goods for sale. 2. The thing con- 
signed ; the goods sent or delivered to a factor for sale. 
3. The writing by which any thing is consigned. 
0ON-SIMT-LAR, a. Having common resemblance. [L. w.] 


GON-SI-MIL'I-TUDE, n. Resemblance. [Little used."] 

t GON-SI-MIL'I-TY, n. Resemblance. Aubrey. 

GON-SIST', V. i. [L. consisto.] 1. To stand together ; to be 
in a fixed or permanent state, as a body composed of parts 
in union or connection. Hence, to be ; to exist ; to subsist J 
to be supported and maintained. 2. To stand or be ; to lie ; 
to be contained. 3. To be composed. — To consist together, 
to coexist ; to have being concurrently. — To consist with, 
to agree ; to be in accordance with ; to be compatible. 

€ON-BIST'EXCE, ) n. 1. A standing together ; a being 

€ON-SIST'EN-CY, ) fixed in union, as the parts of a body ; 
that state of a body, in which its component parts remain 
fixed. 2. A degree of density or spissitude, but indefinite. 
3. Substance ; make ; firmness of constitution. 4. A 
standing together, as the parts of a system, or of conduct, 
&c. ; agreement or harmony of all parts of a complex 
thing among themselves, or of the same thing with itself 
at different times ; congruity ; uniformity. 5. A stand- 
ing ; a state of rest, in which things capable of growffh or 
decrease remain for a time at a stand. 

GON-SIST'ENT, a. [h. consist ens.] I. Fixed; firm ; not 
fluid. 2. Standing together or in agreement ; compatible ; 
congruous ; uniform ; not contradictory or opposed. 

GOX-SIST'ENT-LY, ady. In a consistent manner ; in agree- 
ment ; agreeably. 

GON-SIS-To'RI-AL, or GON-SIST'O-RY, a. Pertaining or 
relating to a consistory, or ecclesiastical court of an arch- 
bishop or bishop. 

GON-SlS-To'Rl-AN, a. Relating to an order of Presbyte- 
rian assemblies. 

* GON-SIST'O-RY, n. [L. consistorium.'] \. Primarily, a 
place of meeting ; a council-house, or place of justice. 

2. A place of justice in the spiritual court, or the court it- 
self ; the court of every diocesan bishop, held in their ca- 
thedral churches, for the trial of ecclesiastical causes. 

3. An assembly of prelates ; the college of cardinals at 
Rome. 4. A solemn assembly or council. 5. A place of 
residence ; [not used.'l 6. In the reformed churches, an 
assembly or council or ministers and elders. 

GON-So'CIATE, 11 . [L. consociatus.'] An associate ; a part- 
ner or confederate ; an accomplice. Hayward. 

GON-So'CIATE, V. t. [L. consociatus.] 1. To unite ; to 
join ; to associate. 2. To cement, or hold in close union. 
3. To unite in an assembly or convention, as pastors and 
messengers or delegates of churches. Saybrook Platfoi’in. 

GON-So'CIATE, V. i. 1. To unite ; to coalesce. 2. To 
unite, or meet in a body ; to form a consociation of pastors 
and messengers. Saybrook Platform. 

GON-SO-CI-a'TION, n. 1. Intimate union of persons ; fel- 
lowship ; alliance ; companionship ; union of things. Wot- 
ton. 2. Fellowship or union of churches by their pastors 
and delegates ; a meeting of the pastors and delegates of a 
number of congregation^ churches. Trumbull. 

GON-SO-CI-a'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to a consociation. 
Trumbull. 

GON'SOL, n. Consols, in England, are the funds or stocks 
formal by the consolidation of different annuities. Crabbe. 

GON-SoL'A-BLE, a. That admits comfort; capable of re- 
ceiving consolation. 

t GoX'SO-LATE, V. t. To comfort. 

GON-SO-La'TION, n. [L. consolatio.] 1. Comfort; allevia- 
tion of misery, or distress of mind ; refreshment of mind 
or spirits. 2.* That which comforts, or refreshes the 
spirits ; the cause of comfort. 

GON'SO-LA-TOR, n. One who comforts. 

'*'GON-SOI.'A-TO-RY, a. [L. consolatorius.] Tending to 
give comfort ; refreshing to the mind ; assuaging grief. 

GON-SOL'A-TO-RY, ii. A speech or writing containing 
topics of comfort. Milton. 

GON-SoLE', V. t. [L. consolor.] To comfort ; to cheer the 
mind in distress or depression ; to alleviate grief, and give 
refreshment to the mind or spirits ; to give contentment 
or moderate happiness by relieving from distress. 

GON'SOLE, n. [Fr.] In architecture, a bracket or shoulder- 
piece ; or an ornament cut upon the key of an arch. 

GON-SoL'ED, (kon-sdW) pp. Comforted; cheered. 

GON-SoL'ER, n. One that gives comfort. 

GON-SOLT-DANT, a. Having the quality of uniting 
wounds or forming new flesh. 

GON-SOL'I-DANT, n. A medicine that heals or unites the 
parts of wounded flesh. Coxe. 

GON-SOLT-DATE, v. t. [It. consolidare.] 1. To make 
solid ; to unite or press together loose or separate parts, 
and form a compact mass ; to harden or make dense and 
firm. 2. To unite the parts of a broken bone, or the lips 
of a wound, by means of applications. 3. To unite two 
parliamentary bills in one.— U. In law, to combine two 
bcncficcs in oiic# 

GON-SOLT-DATE, v. i. To grow firm and hard ; to unite 
and become solid. 

GON-SOLT-DATE, a. Formed into a solid mass. 

GON-SOLT-DA-TED, pp. Made solid, hard, or compact; 
united. 

GON-SOLT-DA-TING, ppr. Making solid ; uniting. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, D, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WTIAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


CON 


183 


CON 


60 N-SOL-I-DA TION, n. 1 . The act of making or process 
of becoming solid ; the act of forming into a firm, compact 
mass, body or system. 2 . The annexing of one bill to 
another in parliament or legislation. 3 . The combining 
of two benefices in one. 4 . The uniting of broken bones 
or wounded flesh. 

f€ON-SOL^I-DA-TIVE, a. Having the quality of healing. 

€ON'SOLS, 7J. A kind of transferable stocks. 

€ON/SO-NANCE, n. [Fr.. from L. conso 7 iaatia,'^ 1 . Accord 
or agreement of sounds. — In 7/iwsic, consonance is an accord 
of sounds which produces an agreeable sensation in the 
ear. 2 . Agreement ; accord j congruity 3 consistency 3 
agreeableness- 3 suitableness. 

€OiV'SO-NANT, a. 1. Agreeing 3 according 3 congruous 3 
consistent. — 2 . In music ^ composed of consonances. 

CON'SO-NANT, n. A letter, so named because it is consid- 
ered as being sounded only in connection with a vowel. 

COA'.SO-NANT-LY, ado. Consistently 3 in agreement. 

COi\'SO-NANT-,\E:SS, n. Agreeableness 3 consistency. 

€ON'SO-NOUS, a. [L. consonus.] Agreeing in sound 3 
symphonious. 

t€Oi\-So'PI-ATE, V. t. To lull asleep. 

t CON-SO-PI-a'TION, 71 . A lulling asleep. 

f CON'SO-PITE, V. t. [L. consopio.] To compose 3 to lull to 
sleep. 

t CON'SO-PITE, a. Calm 3 composed. More. 

CON'SORT, 71 . [L. consors.'\ 1 . A companion 3 a partner 3 
an intimate associate 3 particularly^ a partner of the bed 3 
a wife or husband. 2 . An assembly or association of per- 
sons, convened for consultation. 3 . Union 3 conjunction 3 
concurrence. 4 . A number of instruments played to- 
gether 3 a symphony 3 a concert. In this sense, concert is 
now used. — 5 . In navisration, any vessel keeping compa- 
ny witli another . — Queen consort, the wife of a king, as 
distinguished from a queen resent, who rules alone, and a 
queen dowager, the widow of a king. 

CON-SORT', 0. i. To associate 3 to unite in company 3 to 
keep company. 

CON-SORT', V. t. I. To join 3 to marry, 2 . To unite in 
company. 3 . To accompany 3 [not used.] 

CON-SORT' A-BLE, a. Suitable. Wotton. 

CON-SORT'ED, pp. United in marriage. 

CON-SORT'ING, ppr. Uniting in company with 3 associat- 
ing. 

t CON-SOR'TION, 77. Fellowship. Brown. 

CON'SORT-SHIP, 71 . Fellow’ship 3 partnership. 

CON'SOUND, 71 . The name of several species of plants. 

|CON-SPEC'TA-BLE, a. [L. coiispectiis.] Easy to be seen. 

CON-SPI-Cu'I-TY, 71 . Conspicuousness 3 brightness. [Little 
used.] Shah. 

CON SPIC'U-OUS, a. [L. conspicuus.] 1 . Open to the view 3 
obvious to the eye 3 easy to be seen 3 manifest. 2 . Ob- 
vious to the mental eye 3 clearly or extensively known, 
perceived or understood. Hence, eminent 3 famous 3 dis- 
tinguished. 

CON-SPIC'U-OUS-LY, ado. In a conspicuous manner 3 
obviously ; in a manner to be clearly seen 3 eminently 3 
remarkably. 

CON-SPIC'U-OUS-NESS, n. I. Openness or exposure to 
the view 3 a state of being visible at a distance. 2 . Emi- 
nence 3 fame 3 celebrity 3 renown 3 a state of being exten- 
sively known and distinguished. 

CON-SPIR'A-CY, 71 . [L. conspiratio.] I. A combination of 
men for an evil purpose 3 an agreement, between two or 
more persons, to commit some crime in concert 3 particu- 
larly, a combination to commit treason, or excite sedition 
or insurrection against the government of a state 3 a plot. 
— 2 . In laic, an agreement between two or more persons, 
falsely and maliciously to indict, or procure to be indicted, 
an innocent person of felony. 3 . A concurrence 3 a gen- 
eral tendency of two or more causes to one event. 

CON-SPl'RANT, a. [L. conspirans.] Conspiring 3 plotting 3 
engaging in a plot to commit a crime. 

GON-SPI-Ra'TION, 71 . Conspiracy 3 agreement or concur- 
rence of things to one end. 

GON-SPIR'A-TOR, n. 1 . One who comspires 3 one who en- 
gages in a plot to commit a crime, particularly treason. — 
2. In laiD, one who agrees with another falsely and ma- 
liciously to indict an innocent person of felony. 

GON-SPjRE', V. i. [L. conspiro.] 1 . To agree, by oath, 
covenant or otherwise, to commit a crime 3 to plot 3 to 
hatch treason. — 2 . In late, to agree falsely and malicious- 
ly to indict an innocent person of felony. 3 . To agree 3 
to concur to one end. 

CON-SPIR'ER, 71 . One who conspires or plots 3 a conspira- 
tor. SJiak. 

GON-SPIR'ING, ppr. 1 . Agreeing to commit a crime 3 plot- 
ting 3 uniting or concurring to one end. — 2 . In mechanics, 
conspiring poicers are such as act in a direction not opposite 
to one another 3 cooperating powers. 

GON-SPiR'ING-LY, ado. In the manner of a conspiracy 3 
by conspiracy. Milton. 

GON-SPIS-Sa'TION, 71 . [Li. conspissatus.] The act of mak- 
ing thick or viscous 3 thickness. 


f GON'SPUR-GATE, t. [L. conspurco.] To defile. 

|GON-SPUR-Ga-TION, 71 . [L. conspurco.] The act of de- 
filing 3 defilement 3 pollution. 

GoN'bT A-BLE, n. [iSp. condestable ; It. conestabile ; Fr. 
connctable ; L. comes stabuli.] 1. 'J’he lord high constable 
of England, the seventh officer of the crown. He had the 
care of the common peace, in deeds of arms, and matters‘’of 
war 3 being a judge of the court of chivalry, now called the 
coicrt of honor. 2 . An officer of the jieace. — In Kngland, 
there are high constables, jietty cmistables, and consta- 
bles of London. Their duty is to keep the peace, and for 
tliis purpose they are invested witli the power of arresting 
and imprisoning, and of breaking open houses. — 3 . in tlie 
United States, constables are town-oflicers of the peace, 
with powers similar to those possessed by the constables 
in Great Britain. They are invested also with ]>0Avers to 
execute civil as well as criminal process, and to levy exe- 
cutions. — To overrun the co/ista6Zc, to spend more than 
a man is worth or can pay 3 a vulgar phrase. 

t GoN'STA-BLE-RY, n. The district called also constable- 
wick. 

G6N'.STA-RT. E-SHIP, 71 . The office of a constable. 

€6N'STA-BLE-VVICK, n. The district to which a consta- 
ble’s power is limited. Hale. 

GON'STAN-CY, 71 . [L. coastaiitia.] 1 . Fixedness 3 a stand- 
ing firm 3 hence, applied to God or his works, immutabil- 
ity 3 unalterable continuance 3 a permanent state, 2. 
Fixedness or firmness of mind 3 persevering resolution 3 
steady, unshaken determination 3 lasting atfection , sta- 
bility in love or friendship. 3 . Certainty 3 veracity 3 reality. 

GON'STANT, a. [L. co/istaas.] 1 . Fixed 3 firm 3 opposed to 
fluid. [7/1 this sense not used.] 2 . Fixed 3 not varied 3 
unchanged 3 permanent 3 immutable. 3 . Fixed or firm 
in mind, purpose, affection or principle 3 unshaken 3 un- 
moved. 4 . Certain 3 steady 3 firmly adherent. 

GON-S 3 'AN-TI-NO-POL'I-TAN, a. Relating to Constanti- 
nople, the metropolis of Turkey in Europe. 

GOiN'STANT-LY, ado. Firmly 3 steadily 3 invariably 3 con- 
tinually 3 perse veringly. 

GON'STAT, 71 . [L.] I. In England, a certificate given by 
the clerk of the pipe and auditors of the exchequer, to a 
person who intends to plead or move for a discharge of 
any thing in that court. The effect of it is to show what 
appears upon the record, respecting the matter in ques- 
tion. 2 . An exemplification, under the great seal, of tlie 
enrollment of any letters patent. 

*GON'STEL-LATE, v. i. [Low L. constellaius.] To join 
lustre 3 to shine with united radiance, or one general light. 
[Little used.] 

CON'STEL-LATE, v. t. To unite several shining bodies 
in one splendor. [LittZe 2ised.] 

* GON'STEL-LA-TED, pp. I. United in one splendor. 
2 . Starry 3 set or adorned with stars or constellations. 
. 7 . Barlow. 

GON-STEL-La'TION, 7J. 1 . A cluster of fixed stars 3 an 
asterism 5 a number of stars which appear as if situated 
near each other in the heavens, and are considered as 
forming a particular division. 2 . An assemblage of splen- 
dors or excellences. 

GON-STER-Na'TION, 71 . [L. consternatio.] Astonishment 3 
amazement or horror that confounds the faculties, and 
incapacitates a person for consultation and execution 3 
excessive terror, wonder or surprise. 

GON'STI-PATE, v. t. [L. constipo.] I. To crowd or cram 
into a narrow compass 3 to thicken or condense. 2 . To 
stop, by filling a passage, and preventing motion. 3 . To 
fill or crowd the intestinal canal, and make costive. 

GON-STI-Pa'TJON, 71 . I. The act of crowding anything 
into a less compass 3 a pressing together 3 condensation. 
2 . More generally, a crowding or filling to hardness the 
intestinal canal, from defective excretion 3 costiveiiess 3 
obstipation. 

GON-STIT'U-ENT, a. [L. constiUiens.] Setting 3 constitut- 
ing. Hence, necessary or essential 3 elemental 3 forming, 
composing or making as an essential part. 

GON-STIT'"U-ENT, n. L He or that which sets, fixes or 
forms 3 he or that which constitutes or composes. 2 . That 
which constitutes or composes, as a part, or an essential 
part. 3 . One who appoints or elects another to an olfice 
or employment. Burke. 

GON'STI-TUTE, v.t. [L. coTisZiZiio.] 1 . To set 3 to fix 5 
to enact 3 to establish. 2 . To form or compose 3 to give 
formal existence to 3 to make a thing what it is. 3 . To 
appoint, depute or elect'" to an office or employment 3 to 
make and empower. 

t GON'STI-TUTE, n. An established law. 

GON'STI-TU-TED, pp. Set 3 fixed 3 established 3 made 3 
elected 3 appointed. 

GON'STI-TU-TER, 71 . One who constitutes or appoints. 

GON'STI-TU-TING, ppr. Setting 3 establishing 3 compos- 
ing 3 electing; appointing. 

GON-STI-Txi'TION, n. 1 . The. act of constituting, enact- 
ing, establishing or appointing. 2 . The state of being 3 
that form of being, or peculiar structure and connection of 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 3— BULL, UNITE.— G as K 3 0 as J 3 S as Z 3 OH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete 


CON 


184 


CON 


parts, uiiich makes or characterizes a system or body. 
Hence the particular frame or temperament of the human 
body is called its constitution. 3. The frame or temper of 
mind, affections or passions. 4. The established form of 
government in a state, kingdom or country ; a system of 
fundamental rules, principles and ordinances for the gov- 
ernment of a state or nation. 5. A particular law, ordi- 
nance, or regulation, made by the authority of any supe- 
rior, civil or ecclesiastical, b. A system of fundamental 
principles for the government of rational and social be- 
ings. 

COi\-STI-Tu'TION-AL, a. 1. Bred or inherent in the 
constitution, or in the natural frame of body or mind. 

2. Consistent with the constitution j authorized by the 
constitution or fundamental rules of a government; legal. 

3. Relating to the constitution. Palcy. 

CON-STI-Tu'TION-AL-IST, n. 1. An adherent to the 

constitution of government. 2. An innovator of the old 
constitution, or a framer or friend of the new constitution 
in France. 

€ON-STI-TU-TION-AL'I-TY, ?i. 1. The state of being 
constitutional ; the state of being inherent in the natural 
frame. Coxc. 2. The state of being consistent with the 
constitution or frame of government, or of being author- 
ized by its provisions. 

CON-^TI-Tu'TION-AL-LY, adv. In consistency with the 
constitution or frame of government. 

COX-STI-Tu'TION-IST, n. One who adheres to the con- 
stitution of the country. 

* CON'STI-TU-TiVE, a. 1. That constitutes, forms or 
composes ; elemental ; essential. 2. Having power to 
enact or establish ; instituting. 

CON-STRAIN^, V. t. l^Fr. contraindre.'] 1. To compel or 
force ; to urge with irresistible power, or with a power 
sufficient to produce the effect. 2. To confine by force ; 
to restrain from escape or action ; to repress. 3. To hold 
by force ; to press ; to confine. 4. To constringe ; to 
bind. 5. To tie fast ; to bind ; to chain ; to confine. 6. 
To necessitate. 7. To force ; to ravish ; used.'] 8. 
To produce in opposition to nature. 

CON-STRaINM-BLE, a. That may be constrained, forced 
or repressed ; liable to constraint, or to restraint. 

CON-STRAIN'ED, (kon-straind') pp. Urged irresistibly or 
powerfully; compelled; forced; restrained; confined; 
bound ; imprisoned ; necessitated. 

CON-STR AIN'ED-LY, adv. By constraint ; by compulsion. 

CON-STRaIN'ER, n. One who constrains. 

CON-STRaIN'ING, ppr. Urging with irresistible or power- 
ful force ; compelling ; forcing ; repressing ; confining ; 
holding by force ; pressing ; binding. 

UON4STRAINT', n. [Fr. contraiiite.] Irresistible force, or 
its effect; any force, or power, physical or moral, which 
compels to act or to forbear action, or which urges so 
strongly as to produce its effect upon the body or mind ; 
compulsion ; restraint ; confinement. 

€ON-STRaIN'TIVE, a. Having power to compel. Carew. 

CON-STRIUT', V. t. [L. constring 0.] To draw together; 
to bind ; to cramp ; to draw into a narrow compass ; 
hence, to contract or cause to shrink. 

CON-STRI€T'ED, pp. Drawn together ; bound ; contract- 
ed. 

CON-STRIUTTNG, Drawing together ; binding; con- 
tracting. 

€OxV-STlU€'TION, n. A drawing together or contraction 
by means of some inherent power, or by spasm, as distin- 
guished from compression, or the pressure of extraneous 
bodies. 

CON-STRIGT'OR, n. 1. That which draws together or 
contracts. — In anatomy, a muscle which draws together 
or closes an orifice of the body. 2. A species of serpents, 
the black snake of the United States. Also, the hoa con- 
strictor, the largest of known serpents. 

CON'STRINGE*, (kon-strinj') v. t. [U. constHngo.] To 
draw together; to strain into a narrow compass ; to con- 
tract ; to force to contract itself. 

€ON-STRING'ED, (kon-strinjd') pp. Contracted; drawn 
together. 

CON-STRiN'GENT, a. Having the quality of contracting, 
binding or compressing. 

CON-STRING'ING, ppr. Drawing or compressing into a 
smaller compass; contracting; binding. 

CON-S'rRUCT', V. t. [L. construo, constructum.] 1. To 
put together the parts of a thing in their proper place and 
order ; to build ; to form. 2. To devise and compose ; 
as, to construct a new system. 3. To interpret or under- 
stand. 

CON-STRUCT'ED, pp. Built; formed; composed; com- 
piled.- 

CON-STRUCT^ER, n. One who constructs or frames. 

CON-STRUCT'ING, ppr. Building framing ; composing. 

€ON-STRUe'TION, n. [L. constActio.] 1. The act of 
building, or of devising and forming ; fabrication. 2. 
The form of building; the manner of putting together the 
parts of a building, a machine, or a system ; structure ; 


* See Synopsis. 


conformation. — 3. In grammar, syntax, or the arrange- 
ment and connection of words in a sentence, according to 
established usages, or the practice of good writers and 
speakers. 4. 8cnse ; meaning ; interpretation ; explana- 
tion ; or the manner of understanding the arrangement of 
words, or of understanding facts. 5. The manner of 
desciibing a figure or problem in geometry. — 6. In alge- 
bra, the construction of equations is the method of reduc- 
ing a known equation into lines and figures, in order to a 
geometrical demonstration. 

€0N-STRUU'T10N-AL, a. Pertaining to construction. 
[Unusual.] 

€ON-STRUU'TIVE, a. By construction ; created or deduc- 
ed by construction, or mode of interpretation ; not directly 
expressed, but inferred. 

CON-STRU€'TIVE-LY, adv. In a constructive manner; 
by way of construction or interpretation ; by fair infer- 
dice* 

€ON-S*TRUGT'URE, n. An edifice ; pile ; fabric. Black- 
more. 

* UON'STRUE, 75. t. [L. construo.] 1. To arrange words in 
their natural order ; to reduce from a transposed to a nat- 
ural order, so as to discover the sense of a sentence ; 
hence, to interpret ; and, when applied to a foreign lan- 
guage, to translate ; to render into English. 2. To inter- 
pret ; to explain ; to show or to understand the meaning. 

UON'STRUED, pp. Arranged in natural order ; interpret- 
ed ; understood ; translated. 

€ON'STRU-ING, ppr. Arranging in natural order; ex- 
pounding ; interpreting ; translating. 

€ON'STU-PRATE, v. t. [L. constupro.] To violate ; to 
debauch ; to defile. 

€ON-STU-PRa'TION, n. The act of ravishing ; violation j 
defilement. Bp. Hall. 

UON-SUB-SIST', 75. i. To subsist together. 

GON-SUB-STAN'TIAL, a. [L. consubstantialis.] 1. Having 
the same substance or essence ; co-essential. 2. Of the 
same kind or nature. 

UON-SUB-STAN'TIAL-IST, n. One who believes in cen- 
substantiation. Barrow. 

€ON-SUB-STAN-TI-AL'I-TY, n. 1. The existence of more 
than one in the same substance. Hammond. 2. Partici- 
pation of the same nature. 

OON-SUB-STAN'TIATE, 75. t. [L. con and substantia.] To 
unite in one common substance or nature. 

€ON-SUB-STAN'TIATE, v. i. To profess consubstantia- 
tion. Dryden. 

CON-8UB-STAN-TI-A'TION, n. The union of the body of 
our blessed Savior with the sacramental elements. The 
Lutherans maintain that after consecration of the ele- 
ments, the body and blood of Christ are substantially 
present with the substance of the bread and wine, which 
is called consubstantiation, ox hnpanation. 

CON'SUL, 71. [L.] 1. The chief magistrate of the ancient 
Roman republic, invested with regal authority for one 
year. — 2. In modern usage, the name consul is given to a 
person commissioned by a king or state to reside in a for- 
eign country as an agent or representative, to protect the 
rights, commerce, merchants and seamen of the state, and 
to aid the government in any commercial transactions 
with such foreign country. 3. An adviser ; [/lof author- 
ized.] Bacon. 

CON'SUL-AGE, 71. A duty laid by the British Levant Com- 
pany on imports and exports for the support of the com- 
pany’s affairs. Eton. 

€ON'SUL-AR, a. Pertaining to a consul. 

CON'SUL-ATE, n. [L. consulatus.] 1. The office of a 
consul. 2. The jurisdiction or extent of a consul’s au- 
thority. 

CON^SUL-SHIP, n. The office of a consul ; or the term of 
his office. 

CON-SULT', 75.7. [L. co7757iZto.] ]. To seek the opinion or 
advice of another, by a statement of facts, and suitable 
inquiries, for the purpose of directing one’s own judg- 
ment. 2. To take counsel together ; to seek opinions and 
advice by mutual statements, inquiries and reasonings ; 
to deliberate in common. 3. To consider with delibera- 
tion. 

CON-SULT^, 75. t. 1 . To ask advice of ; to seek the opinion 
of another, as a guide to one’s own judgment. 2. To 
seek for information, or facts, in something. 3. To re- 
gard ; to have reference or respect to, in judging or act- 
ing ; to decide or to act in favor of. 4. To plan, devise 
or contrive ; [t/u's sense is unusual.] 

* CON-SULT', 71. The act of consulting ; the effect of con- 
sultation ; determination; a council, or deliberating as- 
sembly. Dryden. [This word is, I believe, entirely obso- 
lete, except in poetry.] 

UON-SUL-TA'TION, n. 1. The act of consulting ; delib- 
eration of two or more persons, with a view to some de- 
cision. 2. The persons who consult together ; a number 
of persons seeking mutually each other’s opinions and 
advice ; a council for deliberation. — Writ of consultation, 
in lu7o, a writ awarded by a superior court, to return a 


A, E, i, o, V, Y, Zew^r.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


CON 


185 


CON 


cause, which had been removed by prohibition from the 
court Christian, to its original jurisdiction. 
CON-SLTLT'A-TtVE, a. Having the privilege of consult- 
ing. 

COi\-SULT'ED, 23 ?. Asked j inquired of for opinion or ad- 
vice ; regarded. 

CON-SULT'ER, n. One who consults, or asks counsel or 
information. 

CON-SUJlT'ING, ppr. Asking advice ; seeking informa- 
tion j deliberating and inquiring mutually ; regarding. 
CON^UM'A-BEE, a. That may be consumed ; possible to 
be destroyed, dissipated, wasted or spent. 

GON-SUiME', V. t. [L. coi}^umo.] 1. To destroy, by separ- 
ating the parts of a thing, by decomposition, as by fire, or 
by eating, devouring, and annihilating the form of a sub- 
stance. '2. To destroy by dissipating or by use ; to ex- 
pend j to waste ; to squander. 3. To spend ; to cause to 
pass away, as time. 4. To cause to disappear ; to waste 
slowly. 5. To destroy ; to bring to utter ruin j to exter- 
minate. 

€ON-SuME', V. i. To waste away slowly ; to be exhausted. 
CON-SuM'ED, (kon-sumd') pp. Wasted; burnt up; de- 
stroyed ; dissipated ; squandered ; expended. 
CON-SuM'ER, n. One who consumes, spends, wastes or 
destroys ; that which consumes. 

€OlV-SuAI'ING, p 7 ?r. 1. Burning; wasting; destroying; 
expending ; eating ; devouring. 2. a. That destroys. 

* CON'SUAI-MATE, v. t. [L. consummo, cojisunimatus.] 
To end ; to finish by completing what was intended; to 
perfect ; to bring or carry to the utmost pohit or degree. 

€ON-SUM'MATE, a. Complete; perfect; earned to the 
utmost extent or degree. 

* COi\'SCJM-MA-TED, pp. Completed; perfected; ended. 
CON-SUMhAIATE-LY adv. Completely ; perfectly. 

* C0N‘SUM-MA-T1NG, ppr. Completing; accomplishing; 
perfecting. 

€OxV-SUM-AI action, n. [L. consummatio.] 1. Comple- 
tion; end; perfection of a work, process or scheme. 2. 
The end or completion of the present system of things ; 
the end of the world. 3. Death; the end of life. — Con- 
sumniation of marriage^ the most intimate union of the 
sexes, which completes the connubial relation. 
CON-SUMP'TION, n. [Ij. consumptio.] 1. The act of con- 
suming ; waste ; destruction by burning, eating, devour- 
ing, scattering, dissipation, slow decay, or by passing 
away, as time. 2. The state of being wasted, or dimin- 
ished. — 3. In medicine^ a wasting of iiesh ; a gradual de- 
cay or diminution of the body ; a xcord of extensive signif- 
ication. ]i\\i particularly^ the disease called phthisis pul- 
vwnalis, pulmonic consumption, a disease seated in the 
lungs, attended with hectic fever, cough, «Stc. 
€ON-{SlJMP'TIVE, a. 1. Destructive; wasting; exhaust- 
ing ; having the quality of consuming or dissipating. 
2. Affected with a consumption or pulmonic disease, as, 
consumptive lungs ; or inclined to a consumption ; tending 
to the phthisis pulnionalis. 

CON-SUMP'TIVE-LY, adv. In away tending to consump- 
tion. 

€ON-SUMP'TIVE-NESS, n. A state of being consumptive, 
or a tendency to a consumption, 
f €ON-SU'TILE, a. [L. consutilis.] That is sewed or 
stitched together. 

€ON-TAB'U-LATE, v. t. [L. contabulo.J To floor with 
boards. 

€ON-TAB-U-La'TION, n. The act of laying with boards, 
or of flooring. 

€ON'TA€T, n. [L. contactus.] A touching ; touch ; close 
union or juncture of bodies. 

€0N-TA€'T10JN, n. The act of touching. 

€ON-Ta'GION, n. [L. contagio.] 1. Literally^ a touch or 
touching. Hence, the communication of a disease by 
contact, or the matter communicated. More generally^ 
that subtil matter which proceeds from a diseased person 
or body, and communicates the disease to another person. 
2. That which communicates evil from one to another ; 
infection ; that which propagates mischief. 3. Pesti- 
lence £ a pestilential disease ; venomous exhalations. 
€ON-Ta'GIOUS, a. 1. Containing or generating conta- 
gion ; catching ; that may be communicated by contact, 
or by a subtil excreted matter. 2. Poisonous ; pestilen- 
tial ; containing contagion. 3. Centaining miscliief that 
may be propagated. 4. That may be communicated from 
one to another, or may excite like affections in others. 
CON-TA'GIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being contagious. 
€ON-TaIN', V. t. [L. contineo.] 1. To hold, as a vessel ; 
to have capacity ; to be able to hold. 2. To comprehend ; 
to hold within specified limits. 3. To comprehend ; to 
comprise. 4.. To hold within limits prescribed ; to re- 
strain ; to withhold from trespass or disorder ; [o&5.] 5. 
To include. 6. To inclose. 

€ON-Ta1N', v.i. To live in continence or chastity. 
buthnot. 

GON-TaIN^A-BLE, a. That may be contained, or com- 
prised. 


GON-TaIN'ED, (kon-tandO pp» Held j comprehsuded j 
comprised ; included ; inclosed. 

GON-TAiNdNG, ppr. Holding; having capacity to hold; 
comprehending , comprising ; including ; inclosing. 

GON-TAM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. contamino.] To defile ; to 
pollute ; usually in a figurative sense ; to sully ; to tar- 
nish ; to taint. 

GOJN-TAM'I-NATE, a. Polluted ; defiled ; corrupt. 

GON-TAM'I-NA-TED, pp. Polluted ; defiled ; tarnished. 

GON-TAM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Polluting ; defiling ; tarnish 
ing. 

GON-TAM-I-Na'TION, 71. The act of polluting ; pollution ; 
defilement ; taint. 

GON'TECK, 71. Quarrel; contention. [JV'ot E7i^ZisA.] 

I GON-TEG'TION, n. [L. contego.] A covering. Sir T. 
Browne. 

t GON-TEM'ER-A-TED, a. Violated ; polluted. Diet. 

GON-TEMN^, (kon-tem ) v. t. [L. contemno.'\ 1. To de- 
spise ; to consider and treat as mean and despicable ; to 
scorn. 2. To slight ; to neglect as unworthy of regard ; 
to reject with disdain. 

GON-TEM'NED, (kon-temd') pp. Despised ; scorned ; 
sliglited ; neglected, or rejected with disdain. 

GON-TEM'NER, n. One who contemns; a despiser; a 
scorner. 

GON-TEAPNING, ppr. Despising ; slighting as vile or des- 
picable ; neglecting or rejecting, as unworthy of re- 
gard. 

GON-TEAITER, v. t. [Low L. contempero.'] To moderate ; 
to reduce to a lower degree by mixture with opposite or 
different qualities ; to temper. 

GON-TEM'P£R-A-MENT, n. Moderated or qualified de- 
gree ; a degree of any quality reduced to that of another ; 
temperament. 

GON-TEM'PER-ATE, v. t. To temper ; to leduce the qual- 
ity of, by mixing something opposite or different ; to 
moderate. 

GON-TEAI-PER-a'TION, 71. 1. The act of reducing a 
quality by admixture of the contrary ; the act of moderat- 
ing or tempering. 2. Temperament ; proportionate mix- 
ture. [Instead of these words, temper and temperament 
are now generally used.] 

* GON'l EM-PLATE, v.t. [L. contemplor.] 1. To view 
or consider with continued attention ; to study ; to med- 
itate on. 2. To consider or have in view, in relerence to 
a future act or event ; to intend. Hamilton. 

* GON'TEM-PLATE, v. i. To think studiously ; to study ; 
to muse ; to meditate. 

* GON'TEM-PLA-TED, pp. Considered with attention ; 
meditated on ; intended. 

* GON'TEAI-PLA-TING, ppr. Considering with continued 
attention ; meditating on ; musing. 

G0N-TEM-PLa'T10]\, 71. [L. contemplatio.] 1. The act 
of the mind in considering with attention ; meditation ; 
study ; continued attention of the mind to a particular 
subject. 2. Holy meditation ; attention to sacred things. 
— To have in contemplation, to intend or purpose, or to 
have under consideration. 

GON-TEM'PLA-TiVE, a. 1. Given to contemplation, or 
continued application of the mind to a subject ; studious ; 
thoughtful. 2. Employed in study. 3. Having the ap- 
pearance of study, or a studious habit. 4. Having the 
power of thought or meditation. 

GON-TEAl'PL A-TIVE-LY, adv. With contemplation ; at- 
tentively ; thoughtfully ; with deep attentjon. 

* GON'TEAl-PLA-TOR, n. One who contemplates; one 
employed in study or meditation ; an inquirer after knowl- 
edge. 

GON-TEAI-PO-Ra'NE-OUS, a. [See Cotemporary.] Liv- 
ing or being at the same time. 

GON-TEM'PO-RA-RI-NESS, n. Existence at the same 
point of time. Howell. 

GON-TEAPPO-RA-RY, a. [It., Sp. contempcranco : Fr. 
contemporain. For the sake of easier pronunciation, 
this word is often changed to cotemporary.] Coeta- 
neous ; living at the same time ; being or existing at 
the same time. See Cotemporary, the preferable 
word. 

GON-TEM'PO-RA-RY, n. One who lives at the same time 
with another. 

t GON-TEAI'PO-RiSE, v. t. To make contemporary ; to 
place in the same age or time. 

GON-TEAIPT', n. [L. contemptus.] 1. The act of despis- 
ing ; the act of viewing or considering and treating ^ 
mean, vile and worthless ; disdain ; hatred of what is 
mean or deemed vile. 2. The state of being despised ; 
whence, in a Scriptural sense, shame, disgrace. — In lawi, 
disobedience of the rules and orders of a court, which is a 
punishable offense. 

GON-TEMPT'I-BLE, a. [L. contemptibilis.] 1. Worthy of 
contempt ; that deserves scorn or disdain ; despicable ; 
mean; vile. 2. Apt to despise ; contemptuous; [?iot le- 
gitimate.] Shak. 

GON-TEMPT'I-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being con- 


* See Sijnopsis. AIOVE, BOOK, D6VE B[JLL, UNITE.— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


CON 


CON 186 


temptible, or of being despised ; despicableness j mean- 
ness ; vileness. 

€ON-TEMPT'I-BLY, adv. In a contemptible manner; 

meanly ; in a manner deserving of contempt. 
€ON-TEMPT'U-0(JSj a. Manifesting or expressing con- 
tempt or disdain ; scornful ; apt to despise ; haughty ; in- 
solent. 

CON-TEMPT'U-OUS-LY, adv. In a contemptuous man- 
ner ; with scorn or disdain ; despitefully. 

€0.\-TEMPT U-OUS-x\EiSS, n. Disposition to contempt ; 

act of contempt ; insolence ; scornfulness ; haughtiness. 
CON-TEND', V. i. [L. contendo.'^ 1. To strive, or to strive 
against ; to struggle in opposition. 2. To strive ; to use 
earnest efforts to obtain, or to defend and preserve. 3. To 
dispute earnestly ; to strive in debate. 4. To reprove 
sharply ; to chide ; to strive to convince and reclaim. 
5. To strive in opposition ; to punish. C. To quarrel ; to 
dispute fiercely ; to wrangle. — To contend for , to strive to 
obtain. 

€ON-TEND', V. t. To dispute ; to contest. This transitive 
use of contend is not strictly legitimate. 

CON-TENDED, pp. Urged in argument or debate; dis- 
puted ; contested. 

CON-TEND'ENT, n. An antagonist or opposer. 
CON-TEND'ER, n. One who contends; a combatant; a 
champion. Locke. 

CON-TENDING, ppr. 1. Striving; struggling to oppose; 
debating ; urging in argument ; quarreling. 2. a. Clash- 
ing ; opposing ; rival. 

CON-TEN'E-MENT, n. Land, or freehold contiguous to a 
tenement. Blackstonc. 

CON-TENT', a. [L. contentus.] Literally^ held, contained 
within limits ; hence, quiet ; not disturbed ; having a 
mind at peace ; easy ; satisfied, so as not to repine, ob- 
ject. or oppose. 

CON-TEN'J’', V. t. 1. To satisfy the mind ; to make quiet, 
so as to stop complaint or opposition ; toapjiease ; to make 
easy in any situation. 2. To please or gratify. 
CON-TENT', n. 1. Rest or quietness of the mind in the 
present condition. 2. Acquiescence ; satisfaction with- 
out examination. 3. The term used in tlie house of 
lords in England^ to express an assent to a bill or motion. 
^CON'TENT, n. 1. Often in the plural, contents. That 
which is contained ; the thing or things held, included or 
comprehended within a limit ; as, the of a book. 

— 2. In (reoinetnj, the area or quantity of matter or space 
included in certain lines. 3. The power of containing; 
capacity ; extent within limits. Bacon. 
t CON-TEN-Ta TION, a. Content; satisfaction. 
CON-TENT'ED, p/). ora. Satisfied; quiet; easy in mind; 

not complaining, opposing or demanding more. 
CON-TENT'ED-LY, a<if. In a contented manner ; quietly; 
without concern. 

CON-TENT'ED-NESS, n. ^?tate of resting in mind ; quiet ; 

satisfaction of mind with anv condition or event. 
tCON-TENT'FUL, a. Full of contentment. 
CON-TEN'TION, n. [Ij. contentio.] J. Strife; struggle; a 
violent effort to obtain something, or to resist a person, 
claim or injury ; contest ; quarrel. 2. Strife in words or 
debate ; quarrel ; angry contest ; controversy. 3. Strife 
or endeavor to excel ; emulation. 4. Eagerness ; zeal ; 
ardor ; vehemence of endeavor ; [ofts.J 
CON-TEN'TIOUS, a. [Fr. contentieuz.j 1. Apt to contend ; 
given to angry debate ; quarrelsome ; perverse. 2. Relat- 
ing to contention in law ; relating to litigation ; having 
power to decide causes between contending parties. 3. 
Exciting or adapted to provoke contention or disputes. 
CON-TEN TIOUS JU-RIS-DIC'TION. A court which has 
power to judge and determine differences between con- 
tending parties. 

CON-TEN'TIOUS-LY, adv. In a contentious manner; 
quarrelsomely ; perversely. 

CON-TEN'TIOUS-NESS, 7i. A disposition to contend; 

proneness to contest ; perverseness ; quarrelsomeness. 
CON-TENT'LESS, a. Discontented; dissatisfied; uneasy, 
t CON-TENT'IiY, adv. In a contented way. 
CON-TENT'I\IENT, n. [Fr. co)itentc7ncnt.] 1. Content; a 
resting or satisfaction of mind without disquiet ; acquies- 
cence. 2. Gratification. 

CON-TERM'IN-A-BLE, a. [L. con and tei'Tninus.^ Capable 
of the same bounds. 

CON-TERM'IN-ATE, a. Having the same bounds. B. Jon- 

8071. 

CON-TERM' IN-OU8, a. [L. conter7nimLs.'\ Bordering 
upon ; touching at the boundary ; contiguous, 
f CON-TER-Ra'NE-AN, ) a. [L. contcrraneus.'\ Being of 
t CON-TER-Ra'NE-OUS, I the same country. 
CON-TES-SE-Ra' 7TON, w. Assembly; collection. 
CON-TEST', V. t. [Fr. contester.] 1. To dispute ; to strive 
earnestly to hold or maintain ; to struggle to defend. 2. 
To dispute; to argue in opposition to; to controvert ; to 
litigate ; to oppose ; to call in question. 

CON-TEST', v.i. 1. To strive ; to contend. 2. To vie ; to 
emulate. 


CON'TEST, 71. 1. Strife ; struggle for victory, superiority, 
or in defense ; struggle in arms. 2. Dispute ; debate ; 
violent controversy ; strife in argument. 

CON-TEST'A-BLE, a. That maybe disputed or debated; 
disputable ; controvertible. 

CON-TEST' A-BLE-N ESS, 7i. Possibility of being contest- 
ed. 

CON-TES-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The act of contesting ; strife ; 
dispute. 2. Testimony ; proof by witnesses. 

€ON-TEST'ING-LY, adv. In a contending manner. 

CON'TEST-LESS, a. Not to be disputed. JJill. 

t CON-TEX', V. t. To weave together. Boyle. 

CON TEXT, 71 . [L. conteztus.'] The general series or com- 
position of a discourse ; more particularly, the parts of a 
discourse which jirecede or follow the sentence quoted ; 
the passages of Scripture which are near the text, either 
before it or after it. 

CON-TEXT', a. Knit or woven together ; close ; firm. 

t CON-TEXT', V. t. To knit together. 

CON-TEXT'URE, 71. The manner of interweaving several 
parts into one body ; the disposition and union of the con- 
stituent parts of a thing, witli respect to each other; com- 
position of parts ; constitution. 

CON-TEXT'U-RAL, a. Pertaining to contexture, or to the 
human frame. 

CON-TIG-Na'TION, 71. [L. contignatio.'] 1. A frame of 
beams ; a story. 2. The act of framing together, or unit- 
ing beams in a fabric. 

CON-TI-Gu'I-TY, 71. Actual contact of bodies ; a touching. 
Hale. 

CON-TIG'U-OUS, a. [L. contiguus.'] Touching ; meeting 
or joining at the surface or border. 

CON-TIG'U-OUS-LY, adv. In a manner to touch ; without 
intervening space. 

CON-TIG'U-OUS-NESS, n. A state of contact ; close union 
of surfaces or boiv-ers. 

CON'TI-NENCE, ) 7i. [L. co7iti7ientia.] 1. In a general 

€ON'TI-NEN-CY, ^ sense, the restraint which a person 
imposes upon his desires and passions ; self-command. 
2. jdpprop7'iately, the restraint of the passion for sexual en- 
joyment ; resistance of concupiscence ; forbearance of 
lewd pleasures ; hence, chastity. But the term is usual- 
ly applied to males, as chastity is to females. 3. Forbear- 
ance of lawful pleasure. 4. Moderation in the indul- 
gence of sexual enjoyment. 5. Continuity ; uninterrupt- 
ed course ; [not now used.] 

CON'TI-NExNT, a. [L. continens.] 1. Refraining from un- 
lawful sexual commerce, or moderate in the indulgence 
of lawful pleasure; chaste. 2. Restrained; moderate; 
temperate. 3. Opposing ; restraining. 4. Continuous ; 
connected ; not interrupted. Brerewood. 

CON'TI-NENT, 71. 1. In geography, a great extent of land, 
not disjoined or interrupted by a sea ; a connected tract 
of land of great extent ; as the eastern and western con- 
tine7it. 2. That which contains any thing ; [not used.] 
Shak. 

€ON-TI-NENT'AL, a. Pertaining or relating to a conti- 
nent. — In Amei-ica, pertaining to the United States, as 
conthiental money, in distinction from what pertains to 
the separate states ; a word much used during the revolu- 
tion. 

CON'TI-NENT-LY, adv. In a continent manner; chaste- 
ly ; moderately ; temperately. 

I CON-TINGE', V. i. [L. co7itingo.] To touch; to hap- 
pen. 

CON-TIN'GENCE, 1 n. [L. covtingens.] 1. The quality 

CON-TIN'GEN-CY, j of being contingent or casual ; a 
hnppening ; or the possibility of coming to pass. 2. Cas- 
ualty ; accident ; fortuitous event. 

CON-TIN'GENT, a. 1. Falling or coming by chance, that 
is, without design or expectation on our part ; accidental ; 
casual. — 2. In laio, depending on an uncertainty. 

CON-TIN'GENT, n. ]. A fortuitous event; that which 
comes without our design, foresight or expectation. 2. 
That which falls to one in a division or apportionment 
among a number ; a quota ; an equal or suitable share ; 
proportion. 

CON-TIN'GENT-LY, adv. Accidentally ; without design 
or foresight. 

CON-TIN'GENT-NESS, 71. The state of being contingent ; 
fortuitousness. 

CON-TIN'U-AL, a. [Fr. continuel ; L. contmuus.] 1. Pro- 
ceeding without interruption or cessation ; unceasing ; not 
intermitting ; used in reference to time. 2. Very fre- 
quent ; often repeated. — 3. Conthiual fever, or continued 
fever, a fever tliat abates, but never entirely intermits, 
till it comes to a crisis ; thus distinguished from remitting 
and intermitting fever. — 4. Continual claim, in law, a 
claim that is made from time to time within every year or 
day, to land or other estate, the possession of wliich can- 
not be obtained without hazard. 5. Perpetual. 

CON-TIN'U-AL-LY, adv. 1. Without pause or cessation ; 
unceasingly. 2. Very often ; in repeated succession ; 
from time to time. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, 0, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PR£Y ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 


CON 


187 


CON 


CON-TIN'U-AL-NESS, n. Permanence. Hales, 

€ON-TIN'U-ANCE, n. 1. A holding on or remaining in a 
particular state, or in a course or series. Applied to time, 
duration j a state of lasting. 2. Perseverance. 3. Abode 3 
residence. 4. Succession uninterrupted j continuation ; 
a prolonging of existence. 5. Progression of time. — 6 . In 
laic^ tlie deferring of a suit, or the giving of a day for the 
parties to a suit to appear. 7. In the United States^ the 
defeiTing of a trial or suit from one stated term of the 
court to another. 8 . Coutimiity j resistance to a separa- 
tion of parts 5 a holding together ; [not used.] 

CON-TIN'U-ATE, v. t. To join closely together. Potter. 

CON-TIN'U-ATE, a. [L. contiimatus .] 1. Immediately 

united ; holding together. [Little tised.] 2. Uninterrupt- 
ed ; unbroken. [Little 

CON-TIN'U-ATE-LY, adv. With continuity j without in- 
terruption. [Little w^ed.l 

CON-TIN-U-a'TION, n. [L. continuatio.] 1. Extension of 
existence in a series or line ; succession uninterrupted. 2 . 
Extension or carrying on to a further point. 3. Extension 
in space ; production 3 a carrying on in length. 

CON-TIN'U-A-TIVE, ?i. 1. An expression noting perma- 
nence or duration. — 2. In grammar^ a word that contin- 
ues. 

COX-TIN-U-a'TOR, 71. One who continues or keeps up a 
series or succession. 

CON-TIN'UE, V. i. [Fr. continuer; L. continuo.] 1. To 
remain in a state, or place ; to abide for any time indefi- 
nitely. 2. To last ; to be durable ; to endure j to be per- 
manent. 3. To persevere 5 to be steadfast or constant in 
any course, 

0ON-TIN'LJE, V. t. 1. To protract j not to cease from or to 
terminate. 2. To extend from one thing to another j to 
produce or draw out in length. 3. To persevere in ; not 
to cease to do or use. 4. To hold to or unite j [not 

CON-TIiV'UED, ;>p. 1. Drawn out; protracted; produced; 
extended in length ; extended without interiiiption. 2 . 
a. Extended in time without intermission ; proceeding 
without cessation ; unceasing. — Continued proportion^ in 
arithmetic^ is where the consequent of the first ratio is the 
same with the antecedent of the second, as 4 : 8 : : 8 : 16, 
in contradistinction from discrete proportion. 

€ON-TIN'U-ED-LY, adv. Without interruption; without 
ceasing. H'orris. 

CON-TIN'U-ER, 71. One who continues ; one that has the 
power of perseverance. 

CON-TIN'U-ING, ppr. 1. Remaining fixed or permanent ; 
abiding; lasting; enduring; perseveiing; protracting; 
producing in length. 2. a. Permanent. 

CON-TI-NuT-TY, n. [L. continuitas .] Connection unin- 
terrupted ; cohesion ; close union of parts ; unbroken tex- 
ture. 

€ON-TIN'U-OUS, a. [L. continuus.] Joined without in- 
tervening space. 

CON-TORT', V. t. [L. contorqueo, contortus.] To twist to- 
gether ; to writhe. 

CON-TORT'ED, pp. Twisted together. 

CON-TOR'TION, ) n. [Fr. contorsion.] 1. A twisting ; a 

CON-TOR'SION, ] writhing ; a wresting ; a twist ; wry 
motion. — 2. In medicine^ a twisting or wresting of a limb 
or member of the body out of its natural situation ; the 
iliac passion ; partial dislocation ; distorted spine ; con- 
tracted neck. 

CON-TOUR' 5 n. [Fr. contour.] The outline ; the line that 
defines or terminates a figure. 

CON-ToUR'NI-A-TED, a. Having edges appearing as if 
turned in a lathe. 

CON'TRA. A Latin preposition signifying against, in op- 
position, entering into the composition of some English 
words. 

CON'TR A-BAND, a. [It. contrahbando ; Fr. contrehande.] 
Prohibited. — Contraband goods are such as are prohibited 
to be imported or exported, either by the laws of a partic- 
ular kingdom or state, or by the law of nations, or by spe- 

cicil T.i*(3n.ti0s • 

CON'TR A-BAND, n. 1. Prohibition of trading in goods 
contrary to the laws of a state or of nations. 2. Illegal 
trail] ck. 

CON'TRA-BAND, v. t. To import goods prohibited. 

CON'TRA-BAND-IST, 71. One who trafficks illegally. 

CON-TRACT', 77 . t. [L. contraho, contractum.] 1. To draw 
together or nearer ; to draw into a less compass, either in 
length or breadth ; to shorten ; to abridge ; to narrow ; to 
lessen. 2 . To draw the parts together; to wrinkle. 3. 
To betroth ; to affiance. 4. To draw to ; to bring on ; to 
incur ; to gain. 5. To shorten by omission of a letter or 
syllable. 6 . To epitomize ; to abridge. 

CON-TRACT', V. i. 1. To shrink ; to become sliorter or 
narrower. 2. To bargain ; to make a mutual agreement, 
as between two or more persons. 

CON-TRACT', for contracted, pp. Affianced ; betrothed. 
Shale. 

CON'TRACT, n. 1. An agreement or covenant between 
two or more persons ; a mutual promise upon lawful con- 


sideration or cause, which binds the parties to a perfotm- 
ance ; a bargain ; a compact. 2. The act by which a man 
and woman are betrothed, each to the other. 3. The 
writing which contains the agreement of parties with the 
terms and conditions. 

CON-TRACT'ED, pp. 1. Drawn together, or into a short- 
er or narrower compass ; shmnk ; betrothed ; incurred ; 
bargained. 2. a. Narrow ; mean ; selfish. 

CON-TRACT'ED-LY, adv. In a contracted manner. 

CON-TRACT'ED-NESS, 7 t. 1. The state of being contract- 
ed. 2. Narrowness ; meanness ; excessive selfishness. 

CON-TRA€T-l-BlL'I-TY, n. Possibility of being contract- 
ed ; quality of suffering contraction. 

CON-TRACT'l-BLE, a. Capable of contraction. 

€ON-TRA€T'I-BLE-NESS, v. The quality of suffering 
contraction ; contractibility. Diet. 

€ON-TRACT'ILE, a. Tending to contract ; having the 
power of shortening, or of drawing into smaller dimen- 
sions. 

€ON-TRA€-TIL'I-TY, n. The inherent quality or force by 
which bodies shrink or contract. 

CON-TR ACT'ING, ppr. 1 . Shortening or narrowing ; draw- 
ing together ; lessening dimensions ; shrinking ; making 
a b^argain ; betrothing. 2. a. Making or having made a 
contract or treaty ; stipulating. 

CON-TR AC'TION, n. [L. contractio.] 1. The act of draw- 
ing together, or shrinking ; the act of shortening, narrow- 
ing or lessening extent or dimensions, by causing the 
parts of a body to approach nearer to eacli other ; the state 
of being contracted. 2. The act of shortening, abridging, 
or reducing within a narrower compass by any means. 
— 3. In grammar, the shortening of a word, by the omis- 
sion of a letter or syllable. 4. A contract ; marriage con- 
tract ; [not 5. Abbreviation. 

€ON-TRA€T'OR, n. 1. One who contracts; one of the 
parties to a bargain^, one who covenants to do any tiling 
for another. 2. One who contracts or covenants with a 
government to furnish provisions or other supplies, or to 
perform any work or service for the public, at a certain 
price or rate. 

CON'TRA-DANCE, ) n. [Fr. contre-danse.] A dance in 

COUN'TER-DANCE, i which the partners are arranged 
in opposition, or in opposite lines. 

CON-TRA-DICT', V. t. [L. contradico.] 1. To oppose by 
words ; to assert the contrary to what has been asserted, 
or to deny what has been affirmed. 2. To oppose ; to be 
directly contrary to. 

€ON-TRA-DICT'ED, pp. Opposed in words ; opposed ; de- 
nied. 

€ON-TRA-DI€T'ER, n. One who contradicts or denies ; 
an opposer. Swift. 

€ON-TRA-DI€T'ING, ppr. Affirming the contrary to what 
has been asserted ; denying ; opposing. 

GON-TRA-DI€'TION, n. [L. contradictio.] 1. An asser- 
tion of the contrary to what has been said or affirmed ; 
denial; contrary declaration. 2 . Opposition, whether by 
words, reproaches or attempts to defeat. 3. Direct oppo- 
sition or repugnancy ; inconsistency with itself ; incon- 
gruity or contrariety of things, words, thoughts or propo- 
sitions. 

t €ON-TRA-DI€'TION-AL, a. Inconsistent. 

€ON-TRA-DI€'TIOUS, a. 1. Filled with contradictions ; 
inconsistent. 2. Inclined to contradict ; disposed to deny 
«jr cavil. 3. Opposite ; inconsistent. 

€0N-TRA-DT€'T10US-NESS, 71. 1. Inconsistency ; contra- 
riety to itself. 2. Disposition to contradict or cavil. 

€ON-TRA-DI€T'0-RI-LY, adv. In a contradictory man- 
ner ; in a manner inconsistent with itself, or opposite to 
others. 

CON-TRA-DI€T'0-RI-NESS, n. Direct opposition ; con- 
trariety in assertion or effect. 

€ON-TRA-DI€T'0-RY, a. 1. Affirming the contrary ; im- 
plying a denial of what has been asserted. 2 Inconsist • 
ent ; opposite ; contrary. 

€ON-TRA-DI€T'0-RY, n. A proposition which denies or 
opposes another in all its terms ; contrariety ; inconsist- 
ency. 

€ON-TRA-DIS-TIN€T'j a. Distinguished by opposite qual- 
ities. 

€ON-TRA-DIS-TIN€'TION, n. Distinction by opposite 
qualities. 

€ON-TRA-DIS-TIN€T'IVE, a. Distinguishing by oppo- 
sites* TJo^vvis » 

€ON-TRA-DIS-TIN'GUISH, V. t. To distinguish, not mere- 
ly by differential, but by opposite qualities. 

€ON-TRA-DIS-TIN'GUISHED, pp. Distinguished by op- 
posites. 

€ON-TRA-DIS-TIN'GUISH-ING, ppr. Distinguishing by 
opposites. 

€ON-TRA-FIS'SURE, n. In surgery, a fissure or fracture 
in the cranium, on the side opposite to that which receiv- 
ed the blow, or at some distance from it. 

€ON-TR A-IN'DI-€ANT, n. A symptom that forbids to treat 
a disorder in the usual way. Burke. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BIJLL, UNITE. — 0 as K ; Oas J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


CON 


188 


CON 


€OX-TRA-IN'DI-€ATE, v. t. In medicine^ to indicate some 
method of cure> contrary to that which the general tenor 
of the disease requires ; or to forbid that to be done which 
the main scope of the malady points out. 

CO-\-TRA-L\-DI-€a''J’ION, n. An indication, from some 
peculiar symptom or fact, that forbids the method of cure 
which the main symptoms or nature of the disease re- 
quires. 

€O.VTRA-MURE, n. An out wall. See Countermure. 

€OiV-TRA-NAT'U-RAL, a. Opposite to nature. [L". u.] 

€ON-TRA-Nl'TEN-CY, n. Reaction ; resistance to force. 

j€ON-TRA-PoSE', v. t. [L. contrapositus.] To place 
against ; to set in opposition. 

€ 0 N-TRA-P 0 -ST'T 10 N, n. A placing over against 3 oppo- 
site position. 

€ON-TRA-PUNTTST, n. One skilled in counterpoint. 

€ON-TRA-REG-U-LART-TY, n. Contrariety to rule, or to 
regularity. 

€ON-TRa'RI-ANT, a. [Fr.] Contradictory 3 opposite 5 in- 
consistent. \_Little uscd.'\ 

CC)X'TRA-RrF.!«, 71 . plu. In logic^ propositions which de- 
stroy each otner, but of which the falsehood of one does 
not establish the truth of the other. 

COX-TRA-RI'E-TY, n. [L. contrarietas.] 1 . Opposition in 
fact, essence, quality or principle 3 repugnance. 2 . In- 
consistency 3 quality or position destructive of its oppo- 
site. 

CO\'TRA-Rl-LY, ad«. In an opposite manner 5 in opposi- 
tion ; on the other side ; in opposite ways. 

COX'TRA-RI-NESS, 71 . Contrariety 3 opposition. 

CON-TRa'RI-OUS, tt. Contrary 3 opposite 3 repugnant. 

€ON-TRa'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Contrarily 3 oppositely. Shak. 

€ON'TRA-RI-WlSE, ado. On the contrary 3 oppositely 3 on 
the other hand. 

COx\'TRA-RY, a. [L. co7itrarijis.] 1 . Opposite 3 adverse 3 
moving against or in an opposite direction. 2 . Opposite 3 
co?itradictory 3 not merely different, but inconsistent or 
repugnant. — This adjectiv'e, in nrany phrases, is to be 
treated grammatically as an adverb, or as an adjective re- 
ferring to a sentence or affirmation 3 as, this happened 
contrary to my expectations. 

COX'TRA-RY, n. 1 . A thing that is contrary or of opposite 
qualities. 2 . A proposition contrary to another, or a fact 
contrary to what is alledged . — On the contrary^ in opposi- 
tion 3 on the other side. — To the contrary, to an opposite 
purpose, or fact. 

f COX'TRA-RY, V. t. [Fr. contrarier.'] To contradict or op- 
pose. 

CON'TRA-RY-MiND'ED, a. Of a different mind or opin- 
ion. Hall. 

COX-TRAST', V. t. [Fr. contraster.'] 1 . To set in opposi- 
tion two or more figures of a like kind, with a view to 
sliow the difference or dissimilitude. 2 . To exhibit dif- 
ferences or dissimilitude in painting and sculpture, by po- 
sition or attitude, either of the whole figure or of its mem- 
bers 3 or to sliow to adv’^antage by opposition or difference 
of piosition. 3 . To set in opposition different things or 
qualities, to show the superior excellence of one to ad- 
vantage. 

COX'TllAST, 71 . 1 . Opposition or dissimilitude of figures, 
by which one contributes to the visibility or effect of the 
other. 2 . Opposition, or difference of position, attitude, 
&.C., of figures, or of their several members 3 as in paint- 
ing and sculpture. 3 . Opposition of things or (pialities 3 
or the placing of opposite things in view, to exhibit the 
superior excellence of one to more advantage. 

CON-TRAST'ED, pp. Set in opposition 3 examined in op- 
position. 

COX-TRAST'ING, ppr. Placing in opposition, with a view 
to discover the difference of figures or other things, and 
exhibit the advantage or excellence of one beyond that of 
the other. 

€OX'TRA-TEX'OR, 71. In music, a middle part between 
the tenor and treble 3 counter. 

COX'TRATE-WIIEEL, n. In watchwo 7 'k, the wheel next 
to the crown, the teetli and hoop of which lie contrary to 
those of tlie other wheels, whence its name. 

COX-TRA-VAL-La'TION, 71 . [Fr. contrevallatiov.'] In 
fortification, a trench guarded with a parapet, thrown 
round a place by the besiegers, to secure themselves, and 
check the sffilies of the garrison. 

COX-TR A-VkNE', V. t. [L. contravenio.] To oppose 3 to 
oppose in principle or effect 3 to contradict 3 to obstruct in 
operation 3 to defeat. 

€/'OX-TRA-VkX'ED, (kon-tra-veend') pp. Opposed 3 ob- 
structed • 

OON-TRA-VkN'ER, 71 . One who opposes. 

€OX-TRA-VkN'ING, ppr. Opposing in principle or effect. 

€ON^- 3 ’RA-VEN'TfON, n. Opposition 3 obstruction 3 a de- 
feating of the operation or effect. 

CON-TRA-VER'SION, 71 . [L. contra and versio.l A turn- 
ing to tiie opposite side 3 antistrophe. 

€ 0 N-TRA-YER'VA, 71 . [Sp.] The genus of plants dorste- 
nia. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, 


€ON-TRE€-Ta'TION, n. [L. contrectatio.] A touching or 
handling. Ferrand. 

€OX^-TRilPU-TA-RY, a. Paying tribute to the same sove- 
reign 3 contributing aid to the same chief or principal. 

COX-TRIB'UTE, v. t. [L. contribuo.] 1 . To give or grant 
in common with others 3 to give to a common stock, or for 
a common purpose 3 to pay a share. 2 . To impart a por- 
tion or share to a common purpose. 

€OX-TRIBTTTE, v. i. To give a part 3 to lend a portion of 
power, aid or influence 3 to have a share in any act or 
effect. 

€ON-TRIB'U-TED, pp. Given or advanced to a common 
fund, stock or purpose 3 paid as a share. 

COX-TRIB'U-TIXG, ppr. Giving in common with others 
to some stock or purpose 3 imparting a share. 

€ON-TRI-Bu'TION, 71. i. The act of giving to a common 
stock, or in common with others 3 the act of lending a 
portion of power or influence to a common purpose 3 the 
payment of each man’s share of some common expense. 

2 . That which is given to a common stock or purpose, 
either by an . individual or by many. — 3 . In a military 
sense, impositions paid by a frontier country, to secure 
themselves from being plundered by the enemy’s army 3 
or impositions upon a country in the power of an enemy, 
which are levied under various pretenses. 

€ON-TRIB'U-TIVE, a. Tending to contribute 3 contrib- 
uting 3 having the power or quality of giving a portion of 
aid or influence 3 lending aid to promote, in concurrence 
with others. 

€ 0 N-TR 1 B'(J-T 0 R, 71 . One who contributes 3 one who 
gives or pays money to a common stock or fund. 

COX-TRIB'IJ-TO-R Y, a. Contributing to the same stock or 
purpose 3 promoting the same end 3 bringing assistance to 
some joint design, or increase to some common stock. 

f COX-TRIS'TATE, v. t. [L. contristo.] To make sorrow- 
ful. Bacon. 

f COX-TRIS-Ta'TION, 71 . The act of making sad. Bacon. 

*COX'TRITE, a. \\j. contritus,'] Literally, worn or bruis- 
ed. Hence, broken-hearted for sin 3 deeply affected with 
grief and sorrow for having offended God 3 humble 3 peni- 
tent. 

*€ON^TRITE-LY, ado. In a contrite manner 3 with peni- 
tence. 

€OX'TRITE-NESS, n. Deep sorrow and penitence for 
sin. 

€ON-TRI"TION, 71. [Ij.contritio.] 1 . The act of grinding or 
rubbing to powder. 2 . Penitence 3 deep sorrow for sin 3 
grief of heart for having offended an infinitely holy and 
benevolent God. 

€ 0 N-TRIV'A-BLE, a. That may be contrived 3 capable of 
being planned, invented, or devised. 

COX-TRiV'AXCE, 71. 1 . The act of inventing, devising, 
or planning. 2 . The thing invented or planned 3 a 
scheme 3 jdan 3 disposition of parts or causes by design. 

3 . Artifice 3 plot 3 scheme. 

COX^-TRIVE', 71 . t. [Fr. coiitroMiier.] 1 . To invent 3 to de- 
vise 3 to plan. 2 . To wear out 3 [ois.] Spenser. 

€ON-TRiVE', V. i. To form or design 3 to plan 3 to scheme. 

€ON-TRiV'ED, (kon- trivd') pp. Invented 3 planned 3 de- 
vised. 

CON-TRIVE'MENT, n. Contrivance 3 invention. 

€ON-TRIV^ER, n. An inventor 3 one who plans or devises 3 
a schemer. 

€ON-TRIV'ING, ppr. Planning 3 forming in design. 

COX-TRoL', 1 71 . [Fr. controlle.^ 1 . Primarily, a book, 

€OX-TRoLL', \ register or account, kept to correct or 
check another account or register 3 a counter- register. 
Hence, check, restraint. 2 . Power 3 authority 3 govern- 
ment 3 command. 3 . He or that which restrains. Burke. 

COX-TRoL', ) V. t. 1 . To keep under check by a coun- 

€OX-TRoLL', ) ter-register or double account. 2 . To 
check 3 to restrain 3 to govern. 3 . To overpower 3 to sub- 
ject to authority 3 to counteract 3 to have under command. 

4 . To direct or govern in opposition 3 to have superior 
force or authority over. 

€OX-TRoLL'A-BLE, a. That may be controlled, checked 
or restrained 3 subject to command. 

€OX-TRoLL'ED, (kon-trold') Checked 3 restrained 3 
governed. 

COX-TRoLL'ER, n. [Norm, countre-rouler.] 1 . One who 
controls or restrains 3 one that has the power or authority 
to govern or control. 2 . An officer ajipointed to keep a 
counter-register of accounts, or to oversee, control or verify 
the accounts of other officers 3 as, in Great Britain, the 
controller of the hanaper, of the household, of the pipe, and 
of the pells. — In the United States, the duty of the con- 
troller of the treasury is to superintend the adjustment 
and preservation of the public accounts. 

COX-TRoLL'ER-SHIP, n. The office of a controller. 

COX-TRoL^MEXT, ) n. 1 . The power or act of controll- 

€OX-TRoLL’MEXT, ^ ir g 3 the state of being restrained 3 
control 3 restraint. 2. Opposition 3 resistance 3 counter- 
action 3 refutation. 

t €OX-TRO-VER'SA-RY, a. Disputatious. Bp. Hall. 


WHAT 3— PREY 3— PIX, MARIXE, BIRD 3— t Obsolete. 


CON 


CON 189 


t €ON'TRO-VERSE, n, and v. Controversy, and to dis- 
pute. 

t €ON'TRO-VERS-ER, or f €ON'TRO-VERS-OR, n, A 

disputant. Mountairv. 

COiV-TRO-VER'rilAL, a. Relating to disputes 3 as, a con- 
trovcrsial discourse. 

CON-TRO-VER'SIAL-IST, n. One who carries on a con- 
troversy ; a disputant. 

f CON'TRO-VER'Sl-LESS, a. Not admitting controversy; 
questionless. 

€ON'TRO-VER-SY, 71. ['Ll. controversia.'] 1. Dispute ; de- 
bate ; agitation of contrary opinions. A dispute is com- 
monly oral, and a controversy in writing. Johnson. 2. A 
suit in law ; a case in which opposing parties contend for 
their respective claims before a tribunal. 3. Dispute ; op- 
position carried on. 4. Opposition ; resistance. 
CON'TRO-VER-SY-WRIT'ER, n. A controversialist. 
CON'TRO-VERT, v. t. [L. controverto.^ 'i’o dispute ; to 
oppose by reasoning ; to contend against in words or writ- 
ings ; to deny, and attempt to disprove or confute ; to agi- 
tate contrary opinions. 

CON'TRO-VERT-ED, pp. Disputed; opposed in debate. 
€ON'TRO-VERT-ER, 7t. One wlio controverts; a contro- 
versial writer. B. Jonson. 

€ON-TRO-VERT'I-BLE, a. That may be disputed; dis- 
putable ; not too evident to exclude difference of opin- 
ion. 

COiVTRO-VERT-ING, ppr. Disputing ; denying, and at- 
tempting to refute. 

€ON'TRO-VERT-IST, 77. One who controverts; a dispu- 
tant ; a man vereed or engaged in controversy or disputa- 
tion. 

CON-TU-MaCIOUS, a. [L. contumax.] 1. Literally, 
swelling against ; haughty. Hence, obstinate ; perv’erse ; 
stubborn; inflexible; unyielding; disobedient. — 2. In 
law, wilfully disobedient to the orders of a court. 
CON-TH-Ma'CIOUS-LY, adv. Obstinately; stubbornly; 

perversely ; in disobedience of orders. 
GON-TU-Ma'CIOUS-NESS, n. Obstinacy ; perverseness ; 
stubbornness ; contumacy. 

€0 V'TU-MA-CY, n. [L. contumacia.'] 1. Stubbornness; 
unyielding obstinacy ; inflexibility. — 2. In law, a wilful 
contempt and disobedience to any lawful summons or or- 
der of court. 

GON-TO-Me'LI-OUS, a. [Li.contnmeliosus.'] 1. Haughti- 
ly reproachful ; contemptuous ; insolent ; rude and sar- 
castic. 2. Haughty and contemptuous ; disposed to utter 
reproach, or to insult; insolent; proudly rude. 3. Re- 
proachful ;_shameful ; ignominious. 
€ON-TU-Me'LI-OUS-LY, adv. In a contumelious manner ; 
with pride and contempt ; reproachfully ; rudely ; inso- 
lently. 

€ON-TU-ME'LI-OUS-NESS, n. Reproach ; rudeness ; con- 
tempt. 

€ON'TU-ME-LY, n. [L. contumelia.'] Rudeness or re- 
proach compounded of haughtiness and contempt ; con- 
temptuousness ; insolence ; contemptuous language, 
f €ON-Tu'MU-LATE, 77. f. [L. contumulo.] To bury; to 
lay in the grave. 

GON-TUND', v.t. [L. contundo.] To beat; to bruise by 
beating. [ZiiffZe used.] 

GON-TuSE', V. t. [L. contusus.] To beat ; to bruise ; to in- 
jure the flesh or substance of a living being or other thing 
without breaking the skin or substance, sometimes with a 
breach of the skin or substance. 

GON-Tu'SION, n. [L. contusio.] 1. The act of beating 
and bruising, or the state of being bruised. 2. The act 
of reducing to powder or fine particles by beating. — 3. In 
surgery, a bruise ; a hurt or injury to the flesh or some 
part of the body by a blunt instrument, or by a fall. 
GO-MIJN'DRUM, n. A low jest ; a mean conceit. 
fGON'U-SA-BLE, a. Liable to be tried or judged. 
GON^U-SANCE, n. [Fr. connoissance.'] Cognizance ; knowl- 
edge ; notice. 

GON'U-SAN3', a. Knowing ; having notice of. 
GON-VA-LESCENCE, ) n. [L. convalesco.] Renewal of 
GON-VA-LES'CEN-CY, | health ; the insensible recovery 
of health and strength after disease ; the state of a body 
renewing its vigor after sickness or weakness. 
GON-VA-LES'CENT, a. Recovering health and strength 
after sickness or debility. 

GON'VAL-LA-RY, n. A genus of plants, convallaria. 
GON-Vi<:N^\-BLE, rt. 1. That may be convened or assem- 
bled. _2. Consistent ; [oZ»s.] Spenser. 

GON-VeNE', V. i. [L. convenio.] 1. To come together; to 
meet; to unite, as things; [M7?M.f7iaZ.] 2. 'J’o come to- 
gether ; to meet in the same place ; to assemble, as per- 
sons. 

GON-VeNE', V. t. 1. To cause to assemble ; to call togeth- 
er; to convoke. 2. To summon judicially to meet or 
appear^ 

GON-VeN'ED, (kon-veendO pp. Assembled ; convoked. 
CON-VeN'ER, 71. One who convenes or meets with others ; 
one who calls together. 


GON-VeN'IENCE, ) «. [L. convenientia.'l 1, Fitness; 

GON-VeN' 1EN-CY, i suitableness ; propriety; adaptation 
of one thing to another, or to circumstances. 2. Commo- 
diousness ; ease ; freedom from difticulty. 3. That which 
gives ease ; accommodation ; that which is suited to 
wants_or necessity. 4. Fitness of time or place. 

GON-VeN'IENT, a. Fit; suitable; proper; adapted to use 
or to vyants ; commodious. 

GON-VeN'IENT-LY, adw. 1. Fitly; suitably; with adapt- 
ation to the end or effect. 2. Commodiously ; with e<ise ; 
without trouble or difticulty. 

GON-VeN'ING, ppr. Coming together ; calling together. 

GON-VeNANG, n. The act of coming together; conven- 
tion. 

GON'VENT, n. [L. conventus.] 1. An assembly of per- 
sons devoted to religion ; a body of monks vir nuns. 2. A 
house for persons devoted to religion ; an abbey ; a mon- 
astery ; a nunnery. 

GON-VENT', V. t. [L. conventus.'\ To call beforea judge or 
judicature. Shak. 

t GON-VENT', V. i. To meet; to concur. 

* GON-VENT'I-GLE, n. [L. convcnticulum.^ 1, An as- 
sembly or meeting ; usually applied to a meeting of dis- 
senters from the established church, for religious worship. 
Hence, an assembly, in contempt. — In the United States, 
this word has no appropriate application. 2. A secret as- 
sembly or cabal ; a meeting for plots. 

* GON-VENT'I-GLE, v. i. To belong to a conventicle. 

^ GON-VENT'I-GLER, w. One who supports or frequents 
conventicles. Drydev. 

GON-^y^N'TION, 7t. [Li. conventio.'\ 1. The act of coming 
together; a meeting of several persons or individuals. 2. 
Union; coalition. 3. An assembly. In this sense the 
word includes any formal meeting or collection of men for 
civil or ecclesiastical purposes. 4. An agreement or con- 
tract between two parties, as between the commanders of 
two armies ; an agreement previous to a definitive treaty. 

GON-VEN'TION-AL, a. [Fr. conventionnel.] Stipulated; 
formed by agreement. 

GON-VEN'1'lUN-A-RY, a. Acting under contract; settled 
by stipulation ; conventional. 

GON-VEN'TION-ER, n. One who belongs to a convention. 

GON-VEN'TION-IST, n. One who makes a contract. 

GON-VENT'U-AL, a. [Fr. conventuel.] Belonging to a 
convent ; monastic. 

GON-V ENT'U-AL, n. One tliat lives in a convent ; a monk 
or nun. Jiddison. 

GON-VERGE', (kon-verj') v. i. [Low L. convergo.] To 
tend to one point ; to incline and approach nearer togeth- 
er, as two lines which continually approach each other; 
opposed to diverge. 

GON-VERG'ENCE, )n. The quality of converging; ten- 

GON-VERG'EN-CY, \ dency to one point. 

GON-VERG'ENT, a. Tending to one point ; approaching 
each other, as they proceed or are extending. 

GON-VERG'ING, pjir. Tending to one point ; approaching 
each other, as lines extended. — Converging rays, in optics, 
those rays of light, which, proceeding from difterent 
points of an object, approach, meet and cross, and become 
diverging rays. — Converging series, in mathematics, is 
that in which the magnitude of the several terms gradual- 
ly diminishes. Encyc. 

GON-VERS'A-BLE, a. [It. conversabile ; Fr. conversable.1 
(Qualified for convei-sation, or rather disposed to converse ; 
ready or inclined to mutual communication of thoughts; 
sociable ; free in discourse. 

GON-VERS'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being free in 
conversation ; disposition or readiness to converse ; socia- 
bility. 

GON-VERS'A-BLY, adv. In a conversable manner. 

*G0N'VER-SANT, fl. [It. c Olivers ante.] 1. Keeping com- 
pany; having frequent or customary intercourse ; inti- 
mately associating ; familiar by fellowship or cohabita- 
tion ; acquainted. 2. Acquainted by familiar use or 
study. 3. Concerning; having concern or relation to; 
having for its object. 

GON-VER-Sa'TION, n. 1. General course of manners ; be- 
havior ; deportment; especially as it respects morals. 2. 
A keeping company ; familiar intercourse ; intimate fellow- 
ship or association ; commerce in social life. 3. Intimate 
and familiar acquaintance. 4. Familiar discourse ; gen- 
eral intercourse of sentiments; chat; unrestrained talk , 
opposed to a formal conference. 

fGON-VER-SA'TIONED, a. Acquainted with the manner 
of acting in life. 

GON-VER-Sa'TION-IST, 71. One who distinguishes him- 
self in conversation. modern word. 

GON-VERS'A-TIVE, a. Relating to an intercourse with 
men. 

GON-VER-SA-ZI-o'NE, 77 . [It.] A meeting of company. 
Gray. 

GON-VERSE', (kon-vers') v. i. [I>. conversor.] ]. To keep 
company ; to associate ; to cohabit ; to hold intercourse 
and be intimately acquainted. 2. To have sexual 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete , 


CON 


190 CON 


ccmmerce. 3 To talk familiarly ; to have free inter- 
course in mutual communication of thoughts and opin- 
ions: to convey thoughts reciprocally. 

CON'VFjRSE, 71. 1. Conversation; ftimiliar discourse or 
talk ; free interchange of thoughts or opinions. 2. Ac- 
quaintance by frequent or customary intercouree ; coliabi- 
tation ; familiarity. — 3. In inathematics^ an opposite prop- 
ositii n. 

€ON' VERSE, a. Opposite or reciprocal. 

€ON'V^ERSE-LY, adn. With change of order; in a con- 
trary order ; reciproc.ally, 

CON-V'ER'SfON) n. [L. conversio.^ l\\ ta general sense^ 
a turning or change from one state to another ; loith re- 
gard to substances^ transmutation. — 2. In niilitary affairs ^ 
a change of front, as when a body of troojis is attacked in 
the dank, and they change their position to face the ene- 
my. — 3. In a theological or /noral sense, a change of heart, 
or dispositions, succeeded by a reformation of life. 4. 
Change from one side or party to another. 5. A change 
from one religion to another. 6. The act of appropriating 
to private use. — Conversion of equations, in algebra, the 
reduction of equations by multiplication, or the manner 
of altering an equation, when the quantity sought, or any 
member of it, is a fraction ; the reducing of a fractional 
equation into an integral one. — Conversion of propos^ition^t, 
in logic, is a changing of the subject into the place of the 
predicate, and still retaining the quality of the proposi- 
tion. — Conversion of the ratios, in a'rithmetic, is the com- 
paring of the antecedent with the difference of the ante- 
cedent and consequent, in two equal ratios or proportions. 

f COM-VERS'IVE, a. Conversable. 

CON-VERT', V. t. [L. converto.'] 1. To change or turn into 
another substance or form. 2. To change from one state 
to another. 3. To change or turn from one religion to 
another, or from one party or sect to another. 4. To turn 
from a bad life to a good one ; to change the heart and 
moral character, from enmity to God, and from vicious 
habits, to love of God and to a holy life. 5. To turn to- 
ward a point ; 6. To turn from one use or 

destination to another. 7. To appropriate or apply to 
one’s own use, or to personal benefit. 8. To change one 
propvisition into another, so that what was the subject of 
the first becomes the predicate of the second. 9. To turn 
into another language. 

CON-VERT', v.i. To turn or be changed; to undergo a 
change. 

CON' VERT, 71. 1. A person who is converted from one 
opinion or practice to another ; a person who renounces 
one creed, religious system or party, and embraces an- 
other. 2. In a more strict sense, one who is turned from 
sin to holiness. — 3. In monasteries, a lay-friar or brother, 
admitted to the service of the house, without orders, and 
not allowed to sing in the choir. 

CON-VERT'ED, pp. Turned or changed from one substance 
or state to another ; turned from one religion or sect to an- 
other ; changed from a state of sin to a state of holiness ; 
applied to a particular use ; appropriated. 

CON-VERT'£R, n. One wlio converts; one who makes 
converts. 

CON-VERT-I-llILT-TY, n. 1. The quality of being possible 
to be converted or changed from one substance, form or 
state to another. Burke. 2. The quality of being change- 
able from one letter to another. 

CON-VERT'I-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That may be changed ; sus- 
ceptible of change ; transmutable ; transformable. 2. So 
much alike that one may be used for another. 3. That 
may be changed, as one letter for another. 

CON-VERTT-BLY, adv. Reciprocally ; witli interchange of 
terms. 

t €ON' VERT-ITE, n. A convert. 

€ON'VEX, a. [L. convexus.'] Rising or swelling on the ex- 
terior surface into a spherical or round form ; gibbous ; 
opposed to concave, which expresses a round form of the 
interior surface. 

€ON'VEX, n. A convex body ; as, heaven’s convex. 

GON'VEXED, a. Made convex ; protuberant in a spherical 
form. 

GON-VEX'ED-LY, adr. In a convex form. 

GON-VEXT-TY, ??. [L. convexitas.'\ The exterior surface 
of a convex body ; a gibbous or globular form ; roundness. 

GON'V’^EX-IjY, adv. In a convex form. 

€ON'VEX-NESS, n. Convexity, which see. 

€OxN-VEX'0-CON'€AVE, a. Convex on one side and con- 
cave on the other ; having the hollow on the inside cor- 
responding to the convex surface. 

€ON-VEX'0-€ON'VEX, a. Convex on both sides. 

CON-VEY', V. t. [L. conveho.^ 1. To carry, bear or trans- 
port, either by land or v/ater, or in air. 2. To pass or 
cause to pass ; to transmit. 3. To transfer ; to pass a title 
to any thing from one person to another, as by deed, as- 
signment or otherwise. 4. To cause to pass ; to transmit ; 
to carry, by any medium. 5. To manage ; to carry on ; 
\not used.'] 6. To impart ; to communicate. 

|€ON-VEY', V. i. To play the thief. Shale. 


€ON-VEY'A-BLE, a. That may be conveyed or transferred, 
Bxl7*Jcc • 

€ON-VEY'ANCE, n. 1. The act of conveying ; the act of 
bearing, carrying, or transporting, by land or water, or 
through any medium. 2. The act of transmitting, or 
transferring, as titles, estates or claims, from one person to 
another ; transmission ; transferrence ; assignment. 3. 
The instrument or means of passing a thing from place to 
place, or person to person. 4. Removal ; the act of remov- 
ing or carrying. 5. Management ; artifice ; secret prac- 
C0S * 1 

€ON-VEY'AN-CER, n. One whose occupation is to draw 
conveyances of property, deeds, &c. 

€ON-VEY'AN-CING, n. The act or practice of drawing 
deeds, leases or other writings for transferring the title to 
property from one person to another. 

€ON-VEY'ER, n. I. One who conveys; he or that which 
conveys, carries, transports, transmits or transfers from 
one person or place to another. 2. A juggler. 

GON-VEY'ING, ppr. Carrying; transporting; transferring. 

CON-VI-CINT-TY, 71. Neighborhood ; vicinity. Warton. 

CON-VICT', V. t. [L. convinco, convictum.] 1. To deter- 
mine the truth of a charge against one ; to prove or find 
guilty of a crime charged ; to determine or decide to be 
guilty. 2. To convince of sin ; to prove or determine to 
be guilty, as by the conscience. 3. To confute ; to prove 
or show to be false ; [065.] 4. To show by proof or evi- 
dence ; [065.] 

CON-VICT', pp. for convicted. Proved or found guilty. 
Shak. 

CON'VICT, 71. A person proved or found guilty of a crime 
alledged against him, either by the verdict of a jury or 
other legal decision. 

CON-VI€T'ED, pp. Proved or determined to be guilty, 
either by verdict of a jury or by the decision of con- 
scicnc©* 

CON-VI€T'ING, ppr. Proving or finding guilty. 

CON-VIC'TION, n. 1. The act of proving, finding or de- 
termining to be guilty of an offense charged against a per- 
son before a legal tribunal. 2. The act of convincing, or 
compelling one to admit the truth of a charge ; the act of 
convincing of sin or sinfulness ; the state of being con- 
vinced or convicted by conscience ; the state of being sen- 
sible of guilt. 3. The act of convincing of error ; confuta- 
tion , the act of compelling one to acknowledge his error, 
Of the truth of what is alledged. 

€ON-VI€T'IVE, a. Having the power to convince or con- 
vict. 

€ON-VI€'TIVE-LY, adv. In a convincing manner. 

GON-VINCE', V. t. [L. convince.] 1. To persuade or satisfy 
the mind by evidence ; to subdue the opposition of the 
mind to truth, or to what is alledged, and compel it to 
yield its assent. 2. To convict ; to prove guilty ; to con- 
strain one to admit or acknowledge himself to be guilty. 
3. To evince ; to prove ; [065.] Shak. 4. To overpower ; 
to surmount ; to vanquish ; [o&5.] Shak. 

GON-VIN'CED, (kon-vinst') pp. Persuaded in mind ; satis- 
fied with evidence ; convicted. 

GOxN-VINCE'MENT, n. Conviction. [Little Trserf.J 

GON-VIN'CER, n. He or that wiiich convinces ; that which 

lT)CllC0S 

GON-VIN'CI-BLE, a. 1. Capable of conviction. 2. Capable 
of being disproved or refuted ; [little used.] 

GON-VIN'CING, ppr. 1. Persuading the mind by evidence ; 
convicting. 2. a. Persuading the mind by evidence ; ca- 
pable of subduing the opposition of the mind and compel- 
ling its assent. 

GON-VIN'CING-LY, adv. In a convincing manner; in a 
manner to leave no room to doubt, or to compel assent. 

GON-VIN'CING-NESS, n. The power of convincing. 

t GON-VI"TIOUS, a. [L. convitior.] Reproachful. 

t GON-ViVE', 75. t. To entertain ; to feast. Shak. 

GON^-VIV'I-AL, a. [L. convivalis.] Relating to a feast or 
entertainment ; festal ; social ; jovial. 

GON-VI V-I-AL'I-TY, v. 1. The good humor or mirth in- 
dulged at an entertainment. 2. A convivial spirit or dis- 
position. 

GON'VO-GATE, v. t. [L. convoco.] To convoke ; to call or 
summon to meet ; to assemble by summons. 

GON-VO-Ga'TION, n. [L. convocatio.] 1. The act of call- 
ing or assembling by summons. 2. An assembly. — 3. In 
England, an assembly of the clergy, by their representa- 
tives, to consult on ecclesiastical affairs. 4. An acca- 
demical assembly, in which the business of the university 
is transacted. 

GON-VoKE', V. t. [L. convoco.] To call together; to sum- 
mon to meet ; to assemble by summons. 

GON-VoK'ED, (kon-vokt') pp. Summoned or assembled by 
order. 

GON-VdK'ING, ppr. Summoning to convene ; assembling. 

GON'VO-LUTE, ) a. Rolled together, or one part on an- 

GON'VO-LU-TED, \ other. 

GON-VO Lu'TION, n. [L. convohitio.] 1. The act of roll- 
ing or winding together, or one thing on another ; the 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, ^lARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


coo 191 COP 


State of being rolled together. 2. A winding or twisting ; 
a winding motion. 

CON-VOLVE', (kon-volv') v. t. [L. comwlvo.] To roll or 
wind together ; to roll one part on another. 

CON-VOLV'U-LUS, n. [L.] Bindweed, a genus of plants 
of many species. 

CON-VOY', V. t. [Fr. convoyer.l To accompany on the way 
for protection, either by sea or land. 

CON'VOY, 11 . 1. A protecting force accompanying ships or 
property on their way from place to place, either by sea 
or land. By sea, a ship oi ships of war whicli accompany 
merchantmen for protection from an enemy. By land., 
any body of troops whicIi accompany provisions, ammu- 
nition or other property for protection. 2. The ship or 
fleet conducted ami protected ; that which is conducted 
by a protecting force ; that which is convoyed. 3. The 
act of attending for defense. 4. Conveyance j [oZ»s.] 
Skak. 

CON-VOY'ED, (kon-voyd^) pp. Attended on a passage by a 
protecting force. 

CON-VOY'ING, ppr. Attending on a voyage or passage for 
defense from enemies ; attending and guarding. 

CON-VULSE', (kon-vuls') v. t. [L. convnlsii^-.] J. To draw 
or contract, as the muscular parts of an animal body ; to 
affect by irregular spasms. 2. To shake ; to affect by vio- 
lent, irregular action. 

CON-VULS'ED, (kon-vulst') pp. Contracted by spasms •, 
shaken violently. 

€ON-VXTjSnjNG, ppr. Affecting by spasmodic contractions j 
shaking with violence. 

COiV-VCL'SION, 11 . [L. conmiLsio.] 1. A preternatural, 
violent and involuntary contraction of the muscular parts 
of an animal body. 2. Any violent and irregular motion ; 
tumult ; commotion. 

C0N-V[JL'S1VE, a. 1. That produces convulsion. 2. At- 
tended with convulsion or spasms. 

CON-VUL'SIVE-LY, adv. With violent shaking or agita- 
tion. 

*Co'YY, or ’^'Co'NEY, n. [D. konyn.] A rabbit ; a quad- 
ruped of the genus lepus, which has a short tail and naked 
ears. 

^Co'NY-BUR-RoW, n. A place where rabbits burrow in 
the earth. 

'f' €6'NY-€ATCH, v.i. In the cant of thieves, to cheat j to 
bite ; to trick. Shak. 

t * €o'NY-G ATCH'ER, n. A thief ; a cheat ; a sharper. 

t*€o'NY-€ATCH'ING, n. Banter. Shak. 

€00, V. i. To cry, or make a low sound, as pigeons or doves. 
Thomson. 

COOffNG, ppr. Uttering a low sound, as a dove. 

€00'ING, n. Invitation, as the note of the dove. 

€OOK, V. t. [Sax. ^ecocnian ; D. kooken.] 1. To prepare, 
as victuals for the table, by boiling, roasting, baking, broil- 
ing, &c. To dress, as meat or vegetables, for eating. 2. 
To prepare for any purpose. 3. To throw ; [o*5. or local.] 
Orose. 

€00K, V. i. To make the noise of the cuckoo. 

COOK, n. [Sax. coc ; D. kok.] One whose occupation is to 
prepare victuals for the table ; a man or woman who 
dresses meat or vegetables for eating. 

COOKED, pp. Prepared for the table. 

C06K'ER-Y, n. The art or the practice of dressing and pre- 
paring victuals for the table. 

COOK'ING, ppr. Preparing victuals for the table. 

COOK'MaID, 11 . A female servant or maid who dresses 
provisions. 

COOK'ROOM, 11 . A room for cookery ; a kitchen. On 
board of ships, a galley or caboose. 

COOL, a. [Sax. col.] 1. Moderately cold ; being of a tem- 
perature between hot and cold. 2. Not ardent or zealous ; 
not angry ; not fond ; not excited by passion of any kind ; 
indifferent. 3. Not hasty j deliberate ; calm. 4. Not re- 
taining heat ; light. 

COOL, n. A moderate state of cold ; moderate temperature 
of the air between hot and cold. 

COOL, V. t. [Sax. colian, acolian.] 1 . To allay heat ; to 
make cool or cold ; to reduce the temperature of a sub- 
stance. 2. To moderate excitement of temper ; to allay, 
as passion of any kind ; to calm, as anger ; to abate, as 
love ; to moderate, as desire, zeal or ardor ; to render in- 
different. 

COOL, V. i. 1. To become less hot ; to lose heat. 2. To 
lose tlie heat of excitement or passion ; to become less ar- 
dent, angry, zealous, or affectionate ; to become more 
moderate. 

COOL-CUP, n. A beverage that is cooling. 

COOLED, pp. Made less hot, or less ardent. 

COOL'ER, 11 . 1. That which cools ; any substance which 
abates heat or excitement. 2. A vessel in which liquors 
or other things are cooled. 

COOL'-HEAD-ED, a. Having a temper not easily excited ; 
free from passion. Burke. 

COOL'ING, ppr. Abating heat or excitement ; making or 
becoming cool. 


COOLTSH, a. Somewhat cool. Goldsmith. 

COOL'LY, adv. 1. Without heat or sharp cold* 2. In a COoJ 
or indifferent manner ; not cordially ; without passion or 
ardor. 3. Without haste ; calmly ; deliberately. 

COOL'NESS, n. 1. A moderate degree of cold ; a tempera- 
ture between cold and heat. 2. A moderate degree, or a 
want of passion ; want of ardor or zeal j indifference j 
want of affection ; as, theyparted with coolness. 

COOM, n. [Fr. cambouis.] Soot that gathers over an oven’s 
mouth ; also, the matter that works out of the naves or 
boxes of carriage wheels. 

COOMB, or COMB, n. [tiu. L. cumulus.] A dry measure of 
four bushels, or half a quarter. 

COOP, 11 . [D. kuip.] 1. A box of boards, grated or barred 
on one side, for keeping fowls in confinement. 2. A pen 3 
an inclosed place for small animals. 3. A barrel or cask 
for the preservation of liquors. 4. A tumbrel or close cart. 

COOP, V. t. To put in a coop ; to confine in a coop 3 to shut 
up or confine in a narrow compass. 

COOPED, pp. Shut up in a coop ; confined to narrow limits. 

COOP'ER, 11 . One whose occupation is to make barrels, 
hogsheads, butts, tubs and casks of various kinds. 

COOP'ER-AGE, 11 . The })rice paid for cooper’s work 3 also, 
a place where cooper’s work is done. 

CO-OP'ER-ANT, a. Working together 3 laboring to the same 
end. Bp. A''icholson. 

CO-OP'ER-ATE, V. i. [L. con and opero ; Fr. cooperer.] 

1. To act or operate jointly with another or others to the 
same end 3 to work or labor with mutual efforts to pro- 
mote the same object. 2. To act together 3 to concur ni 
producing the same effect. 

CO-OP'ER-A-TING, ppr. Acting or operating together. 

CO-OP-ER-a'TION, 11 . The act of working, or operating 
together, to one end 3 joint operation 3 concurrent effort 
or labor. 

€0-0P'ER-A-TTVE, a. Operating jointly to the same end. 

CO-OP'ER-A-TOR, n. One wlio endeavors jointly with 
others to promote the same end. 

COO'PIE. See Coupee. 

fCO-OP'TATE, v.t. [L. coopto.] To choose, or choose 
with another. 

CO-OP-Ta'TION, 71. Adoption 3 assuinption. Howell. 

CO-OR'DI-NATE, a. [L. con and ordinatus.] Being of 
equal order, or of the same rank or degree 3 not subordi- 
nate. 

CO-OR'DI-NATE-LY, adr. In the same order or rank 3 in 
equal degree ; without subordination. 

CO-OR'Dl-NATE-NESS, 71. The state of being co-ordinate 3 
equality of rank and authority. 

CO-OR-DI-Na'TION, 71. Tlie state of holding equal rank, 
or of standing in the same relation to something higher. 

COOT, 71. [D. koet.] A fowl of the genus fulica, frequent- 
ing lakes and other still waters. 

COP, 71 . [Sax. cop, or copp.] The head or top of a thing, as 
in cob-castle for cop-castle, a castle on a hill 3 a tuft on the 
head of birds. Chaucer. 

CO-PAI'BA, 71. [Sp., Port.] Balsam of copaiba, or capivi, 
is a liquid, resinous juice, flowing from incisions made in 
the stem of a tree called copaifera officinalis. 

Co'PAL, 71 . [Mexican, copalli.] The concrete juice of a tree 
growing in Mexico. 

CO-PaR'CE-NA-RY, 71. Partnership in inheritance 5 joint 
heirship 3 joint right of succession, or joint succession to 
an estate of inheritance. 

CO-PA R'CE-NER, n. [con and parcener.] A coheir 3 one 
who has an equal portion of the inheritance of his or her 
ancestor with others. 

CO-PaR'CE-NY, 71. An equal share of an inheritance. 

t CO-PART'MENT, n. The same as compartment. 

CO-PART'NER, 71. [co 7 i and partner.] 1. One who has a 
share in a common stock for transacting business, or who 
is jointly concerned with one or more persons, in carrying 
on trade or other business 3 a partner 3 an associate, par- 
ticularly in trade or manufactures. 2. A sharer 3 a par- 
taker. 

CO-PART'NER-SHIP, 71. 1. Joint concern in business 5 a 
state of having a joint share in a common stock, or a joint 
interest and concern in business, particularly in trade and 
manufactures. 2. The persons who have a joint concern. 

fCoTA-TAN, 71. High raised ; pointed. Shak. 

CO-PaYWA, 71. A gum which distils from a tree in Brazil. 

COPE, 71. [W. edb ; Sax. cceppe.] 1. A cover for the head. 

2. A sacerdotal ornament or vestment worn in sacred 
ministrations. 3. Any thing spread or extended over the 
head ; the arch or concave of the sky 5 the roof or cover- 
ing of a house 5 the arch over a door, &c. 4. An ancient 
tribute due to the king or lord of the soil, out of the lead 
mines in some part of Derbyshire. 

COPE, v.i. 1. To cover as with a cope. .Addison. 2 To 
pare the beak or talons of a hawk. Bailey. 3. To em- 
brace 3 [ 0 & 5 .] Shak. 

COPE, V. i. [Dan. kiv.] 1. To strive or contend on equal 
terms, or with equal strength 3 to equal in combat 3 to 
match 3 to oppose with success. Jlddison. 2. To contend ; 


* Sse Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 5 — BULL, UNITE. — C as K 3 G as j 3 S as Z 5 CH as SH 3 TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


COP 


192 


COR 


to strive or struggle j to combat. 3. To encounter ; to in- 
tercliange kindness or sentiments. 4. To make return: 
to reward j 5. To exchange, or baiter j [ois.J 

Bailey- 

fCoPE^MAN, n. A chapman. Shah. 

€0-rER'Nl-€AN, a. Pertaining to Copernicus. 
tCoPES^MATE, n. A companion or friend. 

Copied, pp. Taken off ; written or transcribed from an 
original or form ; imitated. 

€OP'i-ER, or COPY-IST, ?i. One who copies ; one who 
writes or transcribes from an original or form j a tran- 
scriber ; an imitator ; also, a plagiary. 

Copying, n. The top or cover of a wall, made sloping to 
carry off the water. 

CcVPl-OUS, a. [Ft. copieux j Li. copiosus-l 1. Abundant; 
plentiful ; in great quantities ; full ; ample ; furnishing 
full supplies. 2. Furnisliing abundant matter; not bar- 
ren ; rich in supplies. 

Co'Pl-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Abundantly ; plentifully ; in large 
quantities. 2. Largely ; fully ; amply ; diffusely. 
Co'Pl-OUS-NESS, ?j. 1. Abundance; plenty; great quanti- 
ty ; full supply. 2. Diffusiveness of style or manner of 
treating a subject. 

Co'PlST, 71. A copier ; an ill-formed word. 

€-OP’LAJ\D, 71. A piece of ground terminating in a cop, or 
acute angle. [JSTot used in j^mcrica.] 
t CO-PL Ai\T', V. t. To plant together. Howel. 
jCO-PoR'TION, 71. Equal share. Spenser. 

COPPED, or COP'PLED, a. Rising to a point, or head. 
COP'PEL. Sec Cupel. 

COPTER, 71. [D. koper ; G. kupfcr ; Sw. koppar.] A metal, 
of a pale-red color, tinged with yellow. Next to gold, sil- 
ver and platina, it is the most ductile and malleable of the 
metals, and it is more elastic than any metal except steel, 
and the most sonorous of all the metals. 

COPTER, a. Consisting of copper. Cleavelayid. 

COPPER, 71. 1. A vessel made of copper, particularly a 
large boiler. 2. Formerly^ a small copper coin. Franklin. 
COPTER, V. t. To cover or sheathe with sheets of copper. 
COP'PER-AS, 71. [Fr. couperose.^ Sulphate of iron, or green 
vitriol ; a salt of a peculiar astringent taste, and of various 
colors, green, gray, yellowish, or whitish, but more usu- 
ally green. 

COPTER-BOTTOMED, a. Having abottom sheathed with 
copper. 

COPTERED, pp. Covered with sheets of copper; sheathed. 
COPTER-FAST'ENED, a. Fastened with copper bolts. 
COP'PER-ISH, a. Containing copper; like copper, or par- 
taking of it. 

COPTER-NOSE, n. A red nose. S/iak. 

COPTER-PLATE, n. A plate of copper, on which concave 
lines are engraved or corroded, according to some deline- 
ated figure or design. 

COP'PER-SMITH, 71. One whose occupation is to manufac- 
ture copper utensils. 

COP'PER-VVoRK, 71. A place where copper is wrought or 
manufactured. Woodward. 

COP' PER- Worm, 71. A little worm in ships ; a worm that 
frets garments ; a worm that breeds in one’s hand. 
COPTER-Y, a. Mixed with copper ; containing copper, or 
made of copper ; like copper in taste or smell. 

COPTJNG. See Coping. 

COPTICE, or COPSE, n. [Norm. coupii.'\ A wood of small 
growth, or consisting of underwood or brushwood ; a 
wood cut at certain times for fuel. 

COPTLEl), a. Rising to a point ; conical. 

COP'PLE-DUST, n. Powder used in purifying metals. 
COP'PLE-STONES, n. Lumps and fragments of stone 
broke from the adjacent cliffs, rounded by being bowled 
and tumbled to and again by the action of water. John- 
' son. — In A'ew Enffland, we pronounce this word cobble^ 
cobble-stones, and apply it to small, round stones, from 
the size of an inch or two, to five or six inches or more, 
in diameter, wherever they may be found. 

COPSE. See Coppice. 

COPSE, V. t. To preserve underwood. Swift. 

COP'SY, a. Having copses. Dyer. 

COP'l'lC, a. Pertaining to the descendants of the ancient 
Egyptians, called Copts or Cophti. 

COP Tl€', n. The language of the Copts. 

COP'H-LA, 71. [L.] In locric, the word which unites the 
subject and predicate of a proposition. 

COP'IJ-LATE, a. Joined. [Little 7ised.'\ 

C01*'H-LATE, V. t. [L. copulo.l To unite ; to join in pairs. 

[ Little used.] 

COP'IJ-LATE, 71. i. To unite in sexual embrace. 
COP-U-LA'TION, 71. [1j. copulatio.^ The act of coupling; 

the embrace of the sexes in the act of generation ; coition. 
COP'U-LA-TI VE, a. That unites or couples. — In iframmar, 
the copulative conjunction connects two or more subjects 
or predicates. 

COP'U-IiA-TIVE, 71. 1. A copulative conjunction. 2. 
Connection ; [not in use.'] 

COP'Y, 71. [Fr. copie; Arm. copy.] 1. A writing like an- 


other writing ; a transcript from an original ; or a book 
printed according to the original ; hence, any single book, 
or set of books, containing a composition resembling the 
original work. 2. The form of a picture or statue accord- 
ing to the original ; the imitation or likeness of any figure, 
draught, or almost any object. 3. An original work ; the 
autograph ; the archetype ; that which is to be imitated in 
writing or printing ; a pattern or example for imitation. 
4. [L. copia.] Abundance ; [065.] 

COP'Y, V. t. 1. To write, print or engrave, according to an 
original ; to form a like work or composition by writing, 
printing or engraving ; to transcribe. 2. To paint or draw 
according to an original. 3. To form according to a mod- 
el, as in architecture. 4. To imitate or attempt to resem- 
ble ; to follow an original or pattern in manners or course 
of life. 

COP'Y, V. i. To imitate or endeavor to be like ; to do any 
thing in imitation of something else. 

COP'Y-BOOK, 71. A book in which copies are written or 
printed for learners to imitate. 

€UP'YED, pp. Transcribed ; imitated ; usually written 
copied. 

€OP'Y-ER, n. One who copies or transcribes ; usually writ- 
ten copier. 

€OP'Y-HoLD, 71. In England, a tenure of estate by copy 
of court roll ; or a tenure for which the tenant hath noth- 
ing to show, except the roils made by the steward of the 
lord’s court. Blackstone. 

€OP'Y-HoLD-ER, n. One who is possessed of land in 
copyhold. 

€OP'Y-IST, 77. A copier ; a transcriber. 

OOP'Y-RiGHT, n. The sole right which an author has in 
his own original literary compositions ; the exclusive right 
of an author to print, publish and vend his own literary 
works, for his own benefit ; the like right in the hands 
of an assignee. 

€0-0UAL'LlN, 71. A small quadruped of the squirrel kind, 
but incapable of climbing trees. 

€oaUE'Ll-€OT, or GoOUE LI-€0, (koke'le-co) n. [Fr.] 
Wild poppy ; corn rose ; hence, the color of wild poppy. 

* €0-aUET', or CO-aUETTE', (ko-ket', or ko-queP) n. 
[Fr.] A vain, airy, trifling girl, who endeavors to attract 
admiration and advances in love, from a desire to gratify 
vanity, and then rejects her lover ; a jilt. 

*€0-dUET', V. t. To attempt to attract notice, admiration 
or love, from vanity , to entertain with compliments and 
amorous tattle ; to treat with an appearance of amorous 
tenderness. 

* CO-Q,UET', V. i. To trifle in love ; to act the lover from 
vanity ; to endeavor to gain admirers. 

* €0-Q,UETTSH, a. Practicing coquetry. 

* C6'CIUET-RY, 77. [Fr. coqtietterie.] Attempts to attract 
admiration, notice or love, froiA vanity ; affectation of 
amorous advances ; trifling in love. 

•f t'OR, 77. The measure of a pottle. 

€OR'A-€LE, 71. [W. cwrwgle.] A boat used in Wales by 
fishermen, made by covering a wicker frame with leather 
or oil-cloth. 

€OR'A-€OID, 77. A small, sharp process of the scapula, 
shaped like a crow’s beak. 

€OR'A-tJID, a. Sliaped like a beak. Buckland. 

GOR'AL, 77. [Li. corallmyn.] 1. In zooZo^t/, a genus belong- 
ing to the order of vermes zooph7jta. Tlie trunk is radi- 
cated, jointed and calcarious. 2. A piece of coral worn 
by children about their necks. 

GOR'AL, a. Made of coral ; resembling coral. 

COR'AL-TREE, n. A genus of plants, crythrina, of several 
species, natives of Africa and America. They are all 
shrubby, flowering plants, adorned chiefly with trifoliate 
or three-lobed leaves, and scarlet spikes of papilionaceous 
flowers. 

GOJDAL-W6RT, n. A genus of plants, dentaria. 

€OR-AL-La'CEOUS, a. Like coral, or partaking of its 
qualities. 

€OR'AL-LI-FORM, a. Resembling coral; forked and 
crooked. Kirwan. 

€OR'AL-LINE, a. Consisting of coral; like coral; con- 
taining coral. 

COR^AL-LINE, 77. A submarine plant-like body, consist- 
ing of many slender, jointed branches. 

COR'AIj-Ij[N-ITE, 77. A fossil polypier or coralline. 

COR'AL-LITE, n. A mineral substance or petrifaction, in 
the form of coral ; or a fossil polypier, larger than a cor- 
allinite. Kirwan. 

COR'AL-LOID, orCOR-AL-LOID'AL, a. [coral, and ci^os.] 
Having the form of coral ; branching like coral. 

COR/AL-LOID, 77. Eschara or hornwrack, a species of cor- 
alline. 

CO-RANT, 77. [Fr. courant.] A lofty, sprightly dance. 
Temple. 

CORB, 77. [L. co7'bis.] 1. A basket used in coaleries. 2. 
An ornament in a building. 

COR IP AN, 77. [Ij. corbis.] 1. In Jewish antiquity, an offer- 
ing which had life ; an animal offered to God ; in opposi- 


*See Synopsis. A, £, I, (5, U, Y, Zot 7^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;~PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


COR 


193 


COR 


tion to the mincha^ which was an offering without life. 
2« An alms-basket ; a vessel to receive gifts of charity j a 
gift ; an alms j a treasury of the church, where offerings 
are deposited. — 3. Among Mohammedans , a ceremony 
performed at the foot of mount Arafat in Arabia, near 
Mecca. It consists in killing a number of sheep, and dis- 
tributing them among the poor. 

I €01vBE, a. [Fr. courdc.] Crooked. S^fenser. 

COKB'EIL, 11 . [Fr. corbeille.'\ 1. In fortification^ a little 
basket, to be filled with earth, and set upon a parapet, to 
shelter men from the fire of besiegers. 

CORB'EL, 71. 1. In architecture, the representation of a 
basket, sometimes set on the heads of caryatides. 2. The 
vase or tambour of the Corinthian column j so called from 
its resemblance to a basket. 

€ORB'EL, 71. 1. A short piece of timber in a wall, jutting 
six or eight inches, in the manner of a shoulder-piece 
2. A niche or hollow left in walls for images, figures or 
statues. 

t COR'BY, 77 . A raven. 

eORCE'LEl', or CORSE^LET, (kors'let) 77. [Fr. corselet.] 
In natural history, that part of winged insects, which an- 
swers to the breast of other animals. 

€OR'GULE, or GOR^GLE, n. [L. corculum.] In botany, 
the heart of the seed, or rudiment of a future plant. 

GORD, 77. [W.cord; Fr. cor de.] 1. A string, or small rope, 
composed of several strands twisted together. 2. A quan- 
tity of wood, or other material, originally measured with 
a cord or line. The cord is a pile containing 128 cubic 
feet j or a pile eight feet long, four feet high, and four 
feet broad. 3. In Scripture, tlie cords of the -wicked are 
the snares with which they catch the unwary. 

GORE, V. t. 1. To bind with a cord or rope ; to fasten with 
cords. 2. To pile wood or other material for measure- 
ment and sale by the cord. 

GORD'MA-KER, n. One whose occupation is to make 
ropes ; but, in America, called rope-maker. 

GORD' WOOD, n. Wood cut and piled for sale by the cord, 
in distinction from long wood j properly, wood cut to the 
length of four feet. 

GORD'AOE, n. [Sp. cordage ,* * Fr. id.] All sorts of cords or 
ropes used in tW running rigging of a ship 5 all ropes and 
lines used on board of ships. 

GORD' ATE, ) a. [L. cordatus.] Having the form of a 

GORD'A-TED, ] heart 5 heart-shaped j a term used by 
naturalists. 

GORD'ATE-LY, adv. In a cordate form. 

GORD'ED, pp. 1. Bound or fastened with cords. 2. Piled 
in a form for measurement bj^ the cord. 3. Made of cords ; 
furnished with cords. — 4. In heraldry, a cross corded is 
one wound with cords, or made of two pieces of wood. 

GOR-DE-LIeR', n. [Fr.] A Franciscan friar; one of the 
order of religious founded by Bt. Francis ; a gray friar. 

*GORD'IAL, a. [Fr.] 1. Proceeding from the heart ; hearty ; 
sincere ; not hypocritical ; warm ; aflectionate. 2. Re- 
viving the spirits ; cheering ; invigorating ; giving strength 
or spirits. 

* GORD'I AL, 71. I. In medicine, that which suddenly excites 
the system, and increases the action of the Itf?art or circu- 
lation when languid ; any medicine which increases 
strength, raises the spirits, and gives life and cheerfulness 
to a person when weak and depressed. 2. Any thing that 
comforts, gladdens and exhilarates. 

GORD-I AL'I-TY, n. Relation to the heart; [?iot m^ctZ.] 
Brown. 2. Sincerity ; freedom from hypocrisy ; sincere 
affection and kindness. 

* GORD'IAL-LY, adv. Heartily ; sincerely ; without hypoc- 
risy ; with real affection. 

* GORD'IAL-NESS, 77 . Heartiness. Cotgrave. 

GORD'IE-RITE, 71. The mineral called otherwise iolite and 

dichroite. 

GORD'I-FORM, a. Heart-shaped ; having the form of the 
human heart. 

f GORD'I-NER. See Cordwainer. 

GORD'ON, 77 . [Fr., Sp. co7yZo77.] 1. In fortification, a row 
of stones jutting before the rampart, and the basis of the 
parapet. — 2. In military language, a line or series of mili- 
tary posts. 

GORD'O-VAN, 77 . Spanish leather. 

GOR-DU-ROY', 71. A thick cotton stuff ribbed. 

GORD' WAIN, 77 . [Sp. coidohan ; Port, cordovarn ; Fr. cor- 
dovan; from Cordova.] Spanish leather; goat-skin tanned 
and dressed. 

GORD'WAIN-ER, 77. [from cordTocm.] A shoemaker. This 
word was formerly written cor diner. 

GORE, 77. [Fr. cceur ; Norm, core.] 1. The heart or inner 
part of a thing ; particularly , the central part of fruit, con- 
taining the kernels or seeds. It was formerly applied to 
place ; as, in the core of a square. Raleigh. 2. The inner 
part of an ulcer or boil. Dryden. 3. [Fr. co 7 *p 5 .] A body; 
[not used.] 4. A disorder of sheep, occasioned by worms 
in the liver. 

GoRED, a. In the herring fishery, rolled in salt and pre- 
pared for drying. Ash. 


1 GO-Re'6ENT, 77. A joint regent or ruler. Wrazall. 

GO-REL'A-TI V'E. See Correlative. 

GO-RI-a'CEOUS, a. [L. coriaceous.] 1. Consisting of leath- 
er, or resembling leather ; tough.— 2. In botany, stiff, like 
leather or parchment. 

GO-RI-AN'DER, n. [L. coriandrum.] A genus of plants of 
two species. 

GO-RIN'DON. See Corundum. 

GOR'INTH, 77. 1. A city of Greece. Hence, 2. A small 
fruit, now called currant, which see. Philips. 

GO-RINTH'I-AG, a. Pertaining tc Corinth. iJ^Anville. 

GO-RINTIl'I-AN, a. Pertaining to Corinth. — The Co-rinth- 
ian order, in architecture, is the most delicate of all the 
orders, and enriched vvitli a profusion of ornaments. 

GO-RINTH'I-AN, n. An inhabitant of Corinth. 

GO-RI'VAL, 77. [c< 777 , and rival ; written improper!}' coiri- 
val.] A rival, or fellow rival ; a competitor. Shak. 

GO-Ri'VAL, V. t. To rival ; to pretend to equal. Shak. 

CORK, 77. [D. kurk ; G. kork.] 1. A glandiferous tree, a 
species of quercus, growing in Spain and Portugal, having 
a thick, rough, fungous, cleft bark. 2. The outer bark of 
tlie tree, or epidermis, of wliich stopples for bottles and 
casks are made. 3. A stopple for a bottle or cask, cut out 
of cork. 

CORK, V. t. To stop bottles or casks with corks ; to confino 
or make fast with a cork. 

CORK, 77. A frost nail, or sharp steel point on a horse-shoe. 

CORK, V. t. 'I’e form sharp points ; to shoe with points ; to 
wound with corks or sharp points. Used in J\'ew England. 
Sec Calk. 

GORK'ING-PIN, 77. A pin of a large size. Swift. 

GORK'-SGREW, n. A screw to draw corks from bottles. 

GORK'Y, a. Consisting of cork ; resembling cork ; made of 
cork ; tough. 

GOR'MO-RANT, n. [Fr. cormoran.] 1. The water-raven, 
a large fowl of the pelican kind. 2. A glutton. 

GORN, 77. [Sax. corn.] I. A single seed of certain plants, 
as wheat, rye, barley and maize ; a grain. In this sense, 
it has a plural ; as, tliree barley corns make an inch. 2. 
The seeds of certain plants in general, in bulk or quan- 
tity ; as, corn is dear or scarce. In this sense, the word 
comprehends all the kinds of grain which constitute the 
food of men and horses. In Great Britain, corn is gen- 
erally applied to wheat, rye, oats and barley. In the 
United States, it has the same general sense, but, by cus- 
tom, it is appropriated to maize. In this sense, corn has 
no plural. 3. The plants which produce corn, when 
growing in the field ; the stalks and eai-s, or the stalks, 
ears and seeds, after reaping and before thrashing. — 4. In 
surgery, a hard excrescence, or induration of the skin, on 
the toes or some part of the feet, occasioned by the pres- 
sure of the shoes ; so called from its hardness and resem- 
blance to a corn. 5. A small, hard particle. See Grain. 

GORN, V. t. 1. To preserve and season with salt in grains ; 
to sprinkle with salt. 2. To granulate ; to form into small 
grains._ 

GORN'BIND, 77. Climbing buck-wheat. [Local.] Grose. 

GORN'BLADE, n. The leaf of the maize. 

GORN'CHAN-DLER, 77. A dealer in corn. 

GORN'GLAD, a. Covered with growing corn. Barlow. 

GORN'GRAKE, n. The crake or land-rail ; the corn-crow. 

GORN'-GUT-TER, n. One who cuts corns, or indurations 
of the skin. 

GORN'FiELD, n. A field where corn is growing. 

GORN'FLAG, n. A genus of plants, the gladiolus, of sev- 
eral species, bearing red or white flowers. 

GORN'FLoOR, n. A floor for corn, or for thrashing corn. 

GORN'FLOW-ER, n. A flower or plant growing among 
corn ; as the blue-bottle, wild poppy, <fcc. 

GORN'HEAP, 77. A heap of corn Jiall. 

GORN'LAND, n. Land appropriated or suitable to the pro- 
duction of corn, or grain. 

GORN'LOFT, n. An apartment for corn ; a granary. 

GORN-MAR-Y-GoLD, n. A genus of plants, the chrysan- 
themum. 

t GORN'MAS-TER, n. One who cultivates corn for sale. 

GORN'ME-TER, n. One who measures corn. 

GORN'MILL, 77. A mill for grinding corn, more generally 
called a grist-mill. 

GORN'-PARS-LEY, n. A genus of plants, the sison. 

GORN'PIPE, 77. A pipe made by slitting the joint of a green 
stalk of corn. Johnson. 

GORN'-ROGK-ET, n. A genus of plants, the bunias. 

GORN'ROSE, 77. A species of poppy, or pflparcr. 

GORN'-SAL-LAD, n. A plant, a species of valeriana. 

GORN'STALK, n. A stalk of corn, particularly a stalk of 
the maize. America. 

GORN'-VI-O-LET, n. A species of campanula. 

GORN'-WAIN, 77. A wagon loaded with corn. Bp. Horsley, 

GORN'AGE, 77. An ancient tenure of lands, w'hich obliged 
the tenant to give notice of an invasion by blowing a horn. 

GORN'E-A, 77. [from L. cornu.] The transparent membrane 
in the fore-part of the eye, through which the rays of light 
pass. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— G as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete 

* ‘ 13 


COR 


194 


COR 


t^ORN'EL, €ORN'EL-TREE, or €OR-NeL'IAN-TREE, 
«. [L, corntis.] The cornelian cherry or dog-wood, a ge- 
nus of plants of several species. 

COR-NkL'IAN. See Carnelian. 

CORN'E-MUSE, or €ORN'A-MUTE, n. [Fr. corneviuse.'] 
A kind of rustic flute. Drayton. 

EORN'E-OUS, a. [L. cor?iejw.] Horny; like horn ; consist- 
ing of a horny substance, or substance resembling horn ; 
hard. 

EORN'ER, 71 . [W. cornel.] 1. The point where two con- 
verging lines meet ; pi-operly^ the external point ; an an- 

' gle. 2. The interior point where two lines meet ; an 
angle. 3. The space between two corivergin" lines or 
walls which meet in a point. 4. An inclosed place, a 
secret or retired place. 5. Indefinitely^ any part ; a part. 
6. The end, extremity or limit. — Corner-teeth of a horse^ 
the foreteeth between the middling teeth and the tushes. 

CORjN'ERED, a. Having corners ; having three or more 
angles. 

€ORN'ER-STONE, n. The stone which lies at the corner 
of two walls, and unites them ; the principal stone, and 
especially the stone which forms the corner of the foun- 
dation of an edifice. 

CORN'ER-WISE, adv. Diagonally ; with the corner in 
front ; not parallel. 

COhN'ET, n. [Fr. cornet^ cornettc.] 1. An instrument of 
music, in the nature of a trumpet, sounded by blowing 
with the mouth. — 2. In modern usajre, an officer of caval- 
ry, who bears the ensign or colors of a troop. 3. A com- 
pany of cavalry ; a troop of horse ; [?Jot used.] — 4. The 
cornet of a horse [coronet] is the lowest part of his pastern, 
that runs round the coffin. 5. A little cap of paper in 
which retailers inclose small wares. 6. A scarf anciently 
worn by doctors. 7. A head-dress. 

CORN'ET-CY, 71. The commission or rank of a cornet. 

CORN'ET-TER, or €ORN'ET-ER, n. One who blows a 
cornet. Hakewill. 

COR'ATCE, n. [It.] 1. In architecture^ the uppermost 

member of the entablature of a column, or the highest 
projecture ; that which crowns an order. 2. A little pro- 
jecture in joinery or masonry. — Cornice-ring of a cannon 
is the ring next from the muzzle-ring backward. 

CORN'I-CLE, n. [1 j. corniculum.] A little horn. 

COR-NIO'U-LATE, a. 1. Horned ; having horns. — 2. In 
botany^ producing horned pods ; bearing a little spur or 
horn. 

COR-NIO'ER-OUS, a. [L. corniger.] Horned ; having 
horns. 

CORN^ING-IIOUSE, n. A house or place where powder is 
granulated. 

€ORN'ISH, a. Pertaining to Cornwall, in England ; and, 
as a «yw/i, the language of Cornwall. 

CORX'IST, n. A performer on the cornet or horn. 

CORN'LESS, a. Destitute of corn. 

COR-NU-CO'PI-A, n. [L. cornu and copia.] 1. The horn of 
plenty, an emblem of abundance of fruits. — 2. In archi- 
tecture and sculpture, the figure of a horn, from which 
fruits and flowers are represented as proceeding. 

COR-NuTE', V. t. [L. corjiutus.] To bestow horns ; to 
cuckold. 

COR-NuT'ED, pp. or a. 1. Grafted with horns; horned; 
cuckolded. — 2. In botany, horn-shaped. 

COR-NC'TO, 71. [It.] A man that w’ears the horns ; a cuck- 
old. 

COR-Nu'TOR, 71. A cuckold-maker. .Jordan. 

CORN'Y, a. [L. cornu.] Horny; strong, stiff or hard like 
horn ; resembling horn. 

CORN'Y, a; Producing corn ; containing corn. 

COR'O-DY, or €OR'RO-DY, n. [It. corredo.] An allowance 
of meat, drink or clothing, due to the king from an abbey 
or other religious house. 

COR'OL, I n. [L. corolla.] In botany, the inner cover- 

CO-ROL'LA, I ing of a flower. 

COR-OL-La'CEOUS, a. Pertaining to a corol ; inclosing 
and protecting like a wreath. 

* COR'OL-LA-RY, n. [L. corollarium.] 1. A conclusion or 
consequence drawn from premises, or from what is ad- 
vanced or demonstrated. 2. A surplus. Shak. 
COR'OL-LET, in. One of the partial flowers which make 

COR'D L-LULE, \ a compound one ; the floret in an aggre- 
gate flower. 

CO-Ro'NA, n. [Ij.] 1. In architecture, a large, flat member 
of a cornice, crowning the entablature and the whole or- 
der ; called by workmen the drip. — 2. In anatomy, the 
upper surface of the molar teeth, or grinders. — 3. In botany, 
the circumference or jnargin of a radiated compound flow- 
er. — 4. In optics, a halo or luminous circle around the sun, 
moon or stars. 

COR'O-NAL, a. Belonging to the crown or top of the head. 

COR'O-NAL, n. 1. A crown; wreath; garland. 2. The 
first suture of the skull. 

COR'O-NA-RY, a. Relating to a crown ; seated on the top 
of the head ; or placed as a crown. — Coronary 7^cssels, in 
anato7ny, certain vessels which furnish the substance of 


the heart with blood. — Coronary arteries, two arteries 
which spring from the aorta. 

COR-O-Na'TION, 71. 1. The act or solemnity of crowning 
a king or emperor ; the act of investing a prince with the 
insignia of royalty, on his succeeding to the sovereignty. 
2. TJie pomp or assembly attending a coronation. — Coro- 
7iation-oath, the oath taken by a king at his coronation. 

f COR'ONEL, (kur'nel) 71. [Sp. coronet.] The officer who 
commands a regiment. Spenser. 

COR'O-NER, n. [law Lat. coronator.] An officer whoso 
office is concerned principally with pleas of the crown. 
One chief part of his duty is, when a person is slain or 
dies suddenly, or in priso7i, to inquire into the manner of 
his death. — In some of the states in Jhnerica, there is a 
coro7?er, but his principal or only duty is to inquire into 
the causes of untimely death. 

€0R'0-NET, 71. [from corona.] 1. An inferior crown worn 
by noblemen. — 2. In poetical language, an ornamental 
head-dress. — Coronet of a horse. See Cornet. 

€0R'O-NI-FORM, a. Having the form of a crown. 

COR'O-NOID, a. [Gr. Kofunvy and rt^oj.] Noting the upper 
and anterior process of the end of the lower jaw, called 
the coronoid process. Coze. 

COR'O-NULE, 71. A coronet or little crown of a seed ; the 
downy tuft on seeds. 

COR'PO-RAL, n. [It. caporale ; Fr. caporal.] 1. The low- 
est officer of a company of infantry, next below a sergeant. 

2. The corporal of a ship of war is an officer under the 
master at arms, employed to teach the sailors the use of 
small arms. 

COR'PO-RAL, a. [L. corporalis.] 1. Belonging or relating to 
the body. 2. Material ; not spiritual. SeeCoRPOREAL. SAa/c. 

COR'PO-RAL, I 71. A fine linen cloth, used to cover the 

COR'PO-RALE, I sacred elements in the eucharist, or in 
wiiich the sacrament is put. Paley . — Coiporal oath, a 
solemn oath, so called from the ancient usage of touching 
the corporate, or cloth that covered the consecrated ele- 
ments. Paley. 

COR-PO-RAL'I-TY, n. The state of being a body or em- 
bodied ; opposed to spirituality. Raleigh. 

COR'PO-RAL-LY, adv. Bodily*; in or with the body. 

COR'PO-RAL-SHIP, 7i. A corporal’s command in a Russian 
company. 

COR'PO-RAS, 71. The old name of the corporal, or com- 
munion cloth. 

COR'PO-R ATE, a. [L. corporatus.] 1. United in a body, or 
community, as a number of individuals, who are empow- 
ered to transact business as an individual ; formed into a 
body. 2. United ; general ; collectively one. 

f COR'PO-RATE, V. t. To unite. More. 

COR'PO-RATE-LY, adv. In a corporate capacity. 

COR'PO-RATE-NESS, n. The state of a corporate body. 

COR-PO-Ra'TION, 71. A body politic or corporate, formed 
and authorized by law to act as a single person ; a socie- 
ty having the capacity of transacting business as an in- 
dividual. 

€OR-PO-Ra'TOR, 71. The member of a corporation. 

|€OR'PO-RA-TURE, n. The state of being embodied 
More. 

€OR-Po'RE-AL, or €OR-Po'RE-OUS, a. Having a body , 
consisting of a material body ; material ; opposed to spirit- 
ual, or immaterial. 

€OR-Po'RE-AL-IST, n. One who denies the existence of 
spiritual substances. 

€OR-Po'RE-AL-LY, adv. In body ; in a bodily form or 
manner. 

€OR-PO-Re'I-TY, 71. The state of having a body, or of 
being embodied ; materiality. 

€OR-POR-I-FI-Ca'TION, n. The act of giving body or 
palpability. 

t €OR-Po lil-FY, V. t. To embody ; to form into a body. 

UOR'PO-SANT, or COR'PU-SANSE, n. [Sp. cuerpo 5ct7ito.] 
A name given by seamen to a luminous appearance often 
beheld, in dark, tempestuous nights, about the decks and 
rigging of a ship, but particularly at the mast-heads and 
yard-arms, supposed to be electrical. 

UORPS, (kore) n. [Fr., from L. corpus.] I. In military lan- 
guage, a body of troops ; any division of an army. 2. A 
body, in contempt, as used by Milton and Dryden, but 
probably pronounced in the English manner, as corpse. 

3. A carcass; a dead body. [See Corpse.] Shak. — 4. In 
a/’cAheetj/re, any part tliat projects beyond a wall, serv- 
ing as the ground of some decoration. 

CORPSE, (korps) n. [L. corpus.] The dead body of a human 
being. 

€ORPS'-DE-GARDE, (kore'de-gard) n. [Fr.] See Court 
OF Guard. 

COR'PU-LENCE, \ n. [L. corpulentia.] 1. Fleshiness ; ex- 

€OR'PU-LEN-CY, ^ cessive fatness ; a state of being load- 
ed with flesh, 2. Spissitude ; grossness of matter ; [L u.] 

COR'PU-LENT, a. Fleshy ; having a great or excessive 
quantity of fat or flesh, in proportion to the frame of the 
body. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, V, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— | Obsolete. 


COR 


195 


COR 


COR'PUS €HRIS'TI. [Body of Christ.'] A festival of the 
church of England, kept on the next Thursday after 
Trinity-Sunday, in lionor of the eucharist. 

£K)K'PUS-CLE, (^kor'pus-sl) n. [L. corpuscwlum.] A minute 
particle, or physical atom. 

COR-PUS CU-LAll, a. Relating to corpuscles, or small par- 
ticles, supposed to be tlie constituent materials of all large 
bodies. 'I’he corpuscular philosophy attempts to account 
for the phenomena of nature, by the motion, figure, rest, 
position, &c., of the minute particles of matter. Kncyc. 

EOR-PUS-EU-La'RI-AN, a. Corpuscular, as above. 

COR-PUS-€U-La'RI-AN, n. An advocate for the corpuscu- 
lar philosophy. 

COR'RA-CLE. Sec Coracle. 

tCOR-RADE*, V . t. To rub off ; to scrape together. 

COR-RA-DI-a'TION, n. A conjunction of rays in one 
point. Bacon. 

COR-REGT', a. [L. correctus.] Literally^ set right or made 
straight. Hence, right ; conformable to truth, rectitude or 
propriety, or conformable to a just standard ; not faulty ; 
free from error. 

GOR-RECT', V . t . 1. To make right ; to rectify ; to bring to 
the standard of truth, justice, or propriety. 2. To amend ; 
to remove or retrench faults or errors ; to set riglit. 3. To 
bring back or attempt to bring back to propriety in morals ; 
to punish for faults or deviations from moral rectitude ; to 
chastise ; to discipline. 4. To obviate or remove what- 
ever is wrong or inconvenient ; to reduce or change the 
qualities of any thing by mixture, or other application j 
to counteract whatever is injurious. 

GOR-REGT'ED,pp. Set right ; freed from errors ; amended ; 
punished. 

GOR-REGTTNG, ppr. Bringing to the standard of truth, 
justice or propriety ; amending ; chastising. 

GOR-REG'TlOiV, n. [L. correctio.] 1. The act of correct- 
ing ; the act of bringing back, from error or deviation, 
to a just standard, as to truth, rectitude, justice or pro- 
priety. 2. Retrenchment of faults or errors ; amendment. 

3. That which is substituted in the place of what is wrong. 

4. That which is intended to rectify, or to cure faults ; 
punishment j discipline ; chastisement ; that whicli cor- 
rects. — 5. In scriptural language, whatever tends to cor- 
rect the moral conduct, and bring back from error or sin, 
as afflictions. 6. Gritical notice ; animadversion. 7. 
Abatement of noxious qualities ; the counteraction of 
what is inconvenient or hurtful in its effects. — House of 
correction^ a house where disorderly persons are confined j 
a bridewell. 

€OR-REG'TION-AL, a. Tending to or intended for cor- 
rection. Walsh. 

GOR-REG'TION-ER, n. One that has been in the house of 
correction. Shak. 

GOR-REGTTVE, a. Having the power to coivect j having 
tlie quality of removing or obviating wliat is wrong, or in- 
jurious ; tending to rectify. 

GOR-REGTTVE, n. 1. That which has the power of cor- 
recting ; that which has the quality of altering or obviatijig 
what is wrong or injurious. 2. Limitation; restriction; 
[little R.sed.] 

GOR-REGT'LY, ady. In a correct manner; in conformity 
with truth, justice, rectitude, or propriety ; according to a 
standard ; exactly; accurately. 

GOR-REGT'NESS, n. 1. Conformity to truth, justice, or 
propriety. 2. Conformity to settled usages or rules. 3. 
Conformity to a copy or original. 4. Conformity to estab- 
lished rules of taste or proportion. 

GOR-REGT'OR, n. 1. One who corrects ; one who amends 
faults, retrenches error, and renders conformable to truth 
or propriety, or to any standard. 2. One who punishes 
for correction ; one who amends or reforms by chastise- 
ment, reproof or instruction. 3. That wliich corrects ; 
that which abates or removes what is noxious or incon- 
venient ; an ingredient in a composition which abates or 
comderacts the force of another. 

GOR-REG'LDOR, n. [Sp.] A Spanish magistrate. 

GOR-RE-LaTE', V . i. fL. con and relatus.] To have a 
reciprocal relation, as father and son. 

GOR'RE-LATE, n. One who stands in an opposite relation, 
as father and son. South. 

GOR-RE-La'TION, n. Reciprocal relation. Paley. 

G0R-REL''A-TIVE, a. [L. con and relativus.] Having a 
reciprocal relation, so that the existence of one in a cer- 
tain state depends on the existence of another; as father 
and son, husband and wife, are correlative terms. 

GOR-REL'A-TiVE, 71. That which is opposed to something 
else in a certain relation. The son is the correlative of 
his father. 

GOR-REL'A-TTVE-LY, adv. In a correlative relation. 

GOR-REL'A-TiVE-NESS, n. Thestateof being correlative. 

GOR-REP'TION, n. [L. corripio.] Chiding ; reproof ; rep- 
rimand. Hammond. 

GOR-RE-SPOND', y. i. [\t.corrispondere Fr. correspondre.] 
1. To suit ; to answer ; to agree ; to fit ; to be congruous ; 
to be adapted to. 2. To be equal ; to be adequate or pro- 


portioned. 3. To communicate by letters sent and re» 
ceived ; to hold intercourse with a person at a distance by 
sending and receiving letters. 


GOR-RE SPOND^ENCE, 
GOR-RE-SPOND'EN-C Y . 


71. ]. Relation ; fitness; congru- 
ity ; mutual adaptation of one 
thing to another. 2. Intercourse between persons at a 
distance, by means of letters sent and answers received. 
3. The letters wliich pass between coriespondents. 4. 
Friendly intercourse ; reciprocal exchange of offices or 
civilities ; connection. 

GOR-RE-SPOND'ENT, a. Suitable ; fit ; congruous ; agree- 
able ; answerable; adapted. 

GOR-RE-SPOND'ENT, n. One who corresponds ; ortg with 
whom an intercourse is carried on by letters or messages. 
GOR-RE-SPOND'ENT-LY,ady. In a corresponding manner. 
GOR-RE-SPOND'ING, ppr. 1. Carrying on intercourse by 
letters. 2. a. Answering ; agreeing ; suiting. 
GOR-RE-SPON'SIVE, a. Answerable ; adapted. 
GOR’Rl-HoR, 71. [Fr. ; Bp. corredor.] 1. In urchitecture, 
a gallery or long aisle round a building, leading to several 
chambers at a distance from each other. — 2. In fortification, 
the covered way lying round the whole compass of the 
fortifications of a place. 

GOIPRI-GI-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That may be set right, or 
amended. 2. That may be reformed. 3. Punishable; 
that may be chastised for correction. 

GOR-RrVAIi, u. A fellow rival ; a competitor. 

redly co-rival, which sec. 
tGOR-RI'VAL, a. Contending. Bp. Fleetwood. 
tGOR-RFVAL, v. i. To vie with. Fitzgeffi-y. 
t GOR-RI-VAL'I-TY, 
t GOR-Rl' VAL-RY, 


More cor- 


71. Competition. 

f GOR-RPVAL-SIUP, 71. Opposition ; rivalry. Sir T. Herbert. 

GOR'RI-VATE, v. t. To draw water out of several streams 
into one. [Little used.] 

GOR-RI-Va'TION, 71. The running of different streams 
into one. [JV'bt Tnuch 7/5cd.] 

GOR-ROB'O-RANT, a. Strengthening ; having the power 
or quality of giving strength. 

GOR-ROB'O-RANT, n. A medicine that strengthens the 
human body when weak. 

GOR-ROB'O-RATE, v. t. [L. corrohoro.] 1. To strengthen ; 
to make strong, or to give additional strength to. 2. To 
confirm ; to make more certain. 

GOR-ROB'O-RA-TED, pp. Strengthened ; confirmed ; ren- 
dered more certain. 

GOR-ROB'O-RA-TING, ppr. Strengthening; giving fimi- 
ness or additional assurance. 

GOR-ROB-O-Ra'TION, 77. The act of strengthening or 
confirming ; addition of strength, assurance, or security ; 
confirmation. 

GOR-ROB'O-RA-TIVE, a. Having the power of giving 
strength, or additional strength ; tending to confirm. 

GOR-ROB'O-RA-TIVE, n. A medicine that strengthens ; a 


corroborant. 

GOR-RoDE', V . t . [L. corrodo .] 1. To eat away by degrees ; 
to wear away, or diminish, by gradually separating small 
particles from a body, in the manner an animal gnaws a 
substance. 2. To wear away by degrees ; to prey upon ; 
to impair ; to consume or diminish by slow degrees. 

GOR-RoD'ED, pp. Eaten away gradually ; worn, diminish- 
ed, impaired, by slow degrees. 

GOR-Ro'DENT, a. Having the power of corroding, or 
wasting bv degrees. 

GOR-Ro'DENT, n. Any substance or medicine that cor- 
rodes. Coxe. 

GOR-Ro'DI-ATE, v. t. To eat away by degrees. Sandys. 

GOR-RO-DI-BIL'1-TY, n. The quality of being corrodible. 

GOR-Ro'HI-BLE, a. That mav be corroded. Brown. 

GOR-ROD'ING, ppr. Eating away gradually; impairing; 
wasting. 

GOR'RO-DY. [Sec Corod y.] But corrody is the more correct 
orthography. 

GOR-Ro'Sl-BLE, a. See Corrodible. 

GOR-RO-SI-BILT-TY, n. See Corrodibility. 

GOR-Rd'SI-BLE-NESS, v. Susceptibility of corrosion. Diet. 

GOR-Rd'SION, 71 . The action of eating or wearing away 
by slow degrees, as by the action of acids on metals, by 
which the substance is gradually changed. 

GOR-RO'SIVE, a. 1. Eating ; wearing away ; having tlio 
power of gradually wearing, consuming or impairing 
2. Having the quality of fretting or vexing.— Cor?T7S7rc 
sublimate, the corrosive muriate or perchloride of inercuiy • 

GOR-Rd'SIVE, 77. l.That which has the quality of eating 
or wearing gradually. 2. That which has the power of 

fretting. . 

GOR-Ro'SIVE-LY, adv. Iffke a corrosive ; with the power 

of corrasion ; in a corrosive manner. 

GOR-Rd'SIVE-NESS, 77 . The quality of corroding, eating 
awav or wearing ; acrimony. 

GOR'RU-GANT, a. Having the power of contracting into 
Igs 

GOR'RU-GATE, v. t. [L. corrugo.] To wrinkle ; to draw 
or contract into folds. Bacon. 


*See Sy7wpsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BUIX, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH asSH ; TH asin t/iw. 1[ Obsolete. 


COR 


196 


COS 


€OR'RU-GATE, a. Wrinkled. Young. 

COR'RU-GA-TED, pp. Wrinkled. 

€OR'RU-GA-TING, ppr. Contracting into wrinkles. 

COR-RU-Ga'TION, n. A wrinkling j contraction into wrin- 
kles. 

COR'RU-GA-TOR, n. A muscle which contracts the skin 
of the forehead into wrinkles. Coze. 

COR-Ru'GENT-MUS'CLE, n. A muscle of the eye, called 
also corrugator supercilii. Chambers. 

COR-RUPT', v.t. [L. corruptus.] 1. To change from a 
sound to a putrid or putrescent state 5 to separate the com- 
ponent parts of a body, as by a natural process, which is 
accompanied by a fetid smell. 2. To vitiate or deprave ; 
to change from good to bad. 3. To waste, spoil, or con- 
sume. 4. To defile or pollute. 5. To entice from good, 
and allure to evil. 6 . To pervert ; to break, disobey or 
make void. 7. To pervert or vitiate integrity ; to bribe. 
8 . To debase or render impure, by alterations or innova- 
tions. 9. To pervert ; to falsify ; to infect with errors. 

COR-RUPT', V. i. 1. To become putrid j to putrefy j to rot. 
2. To become vitiated ; to lose purity 

COR-RUPT', a. [L. corruptus.] 1. Changed from a sound 
to a putrid state, as by natural decomposition. 2. Spoil- 
ed ; tainted ; vitiated ; unsound. 3. Depraved ; vitiated j 
tainted with wickedness. 4. Debased ; rendered impure ; 
changed to a worse state. 5. Not genuine 3 infected with 
errors or mistakes. 

COR-RUPT'ED, pp. Putrefied ; vitiated ; depraved ; spoil- 
ed ; marred ; bribed ; infected with errors. 

COR-RUPT'ER, 7 J. 1. One who corrupts ; one who vitiates, 
or taints. 2. One who bribes ; that which depraves or 
destroys integrity. 3. One who introduces errors. 

COR-RUPT-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The possibility of being cor- 
rupted. 

COR-RUPT'I-BLE, a. [Fr. corruptible.] 1. That may be 
corrupted ; that may become putrid ; subject to decay and 
destruction. 2. That may be vitiated in qualities or prin- 
ciples ; susceptible of depravation. 

COR-RUPT'I-BLE, n. That which may decay and perish 3 
the human body. 1 Cor. xv. 

COR-RUPT'I-BLE-NESS, n. Susceptibility of corruption j 
corruptibility. 

COR-RUPT'I-BLY, adv. In such a manner as to be cor- 
rupted or vitiated. 

COll-RUPT'ING, ppr. Putrefying ; depraving ; vitiating. 

COR-RUP'TION, n. [L. comqdio.] 1. The act of corrupt- 
ing, or state of being corrupt or putrid 3 the destruction of 
the natural form of bodies, by the separation of the com- 
ponent parts, or by disorganization, in the process of pu- 
trefaction. 2. Putrid matter 3 pus. 3. Putrescence 5 a 
foul state occasioned by putrefaction. 4. Depravity 3 
wickedness 5 perversion or deterioration of moral princi- 
ples 3 loss of purity or integrity. 5. Debasement 3 taint 3 
or tendency to a worse state. 6 . Impurity 5 depravation 5 
debasement. 7. Bribery. — 8 . In Zaw’, taint 3 impurity of 
blood, in consequence of an act of attainder of treason or 
felony, by which a person is disabled to inherit lands 
from an ancestor. 

COR-RUPT'IVE, a. Having the quality of corrupting, taint- 
ing or vitiating. Ray. 

€OR-RUPT'LESS, a. Not susceptible of corruption, or de- 
cay. Dry den. 

€OR-RUPT'LY, adv. I. In a corrupt manner 5 with cor- 
ruption 3 viciously 3 wickedly 3 without integrity. 2. By 
bribery. 

UOR-RUPT'NESS, n. 1. The state of being corrupt ; putrid 
state, or putrescence. 2. A state of moral impurity. 3. 
A vicious state 5 debasement 5 impurity. 

€OR-RUPT'RESS, n. A female that corrupts others. 

UOR'SAIR, n. [Fr. corsaire.] A pirate 5 one who cruises or 
scours the ocean, with an armed vessel, without a com- 
mission from any prince or state, to seize and plunder 
merchantmen. 

€OR'SAK,n. A species of fox. Pennant. 

CORSE, n. [Fr. corps ; L. corpus.] A corpse 3 the dead 
body of a human being 5 a poetical word. .Bddi^on. 

CORSE'-EN-CUM'BERED, a. Loaded with dead bodies. 
Barlow. 

CORSE'-PRES-ENT, n. A mortuary or present paid at the 
interment of a dead body. 

CORSE'LET, (kors'let) 71. [Fr. cerseZet.] 1. A little cuirass, 
or an armor to cover the body for protection, worn for- 
merly by pike-men. 2. See CORCELET. 

CORSE'LET, (kors'let) v. t. To encircle with a corselet. 
Beaumont. 

CORS'ET, n. [Fr.] A bodice 5 jumps ; something worn 
to give shape to the body 3 used by ladies and dandies. 

CORS'NED, 71. [Sax. corsnaide.] The morsel of execration 
or curse 5 a piece of bread consecrated by exorcism, and 
to be swallowed by a suspected person, as a trial of his 
innocence. 

COR-TEGE', (kor-tazhe') n. [Fr.] A train of attendants. 

CORT'ES, n. plu. [from Sp. corte, court.] The Spanish 
name of the states of the kingdom, composed of nobility, 


clergy, and representatives of cities 3 the assembly of the 
states, answering, in some measure, to the parliament of 
Great Britain. 

COR'TI-CAL, a. Belonging to bark 3 consisting of bark or 
rind 3 resembling bark o»’ rind 3 external 3 belonging to the 
external covering. 

COR'TI-CATE, ) a. [h.corticatus.] Resembling the bark 

COR'TI-CA-TED, ) or rind of a tree. Brown. 

COR-TI-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cortex and /cro.] Producing 
bark, or that which resembles it. Diet. 

COR-TIC'I-FORM, a. Resembling bark. 

CORT'I-COUS’ I full of bark. Diet. 

CO-RUND'UM, 71. The corindon-harmophane of Haiiy, and 
the adamantine spar of Kirwan. 

CO-RUS'CANT, a. Flashing 3 glittering by flashes. 

COR'US-C ATE, V. i. [L. corusco.] To flash 3 to lighten 3 to 
glitter. Qreenhill. 

COR-US-Ca'TION, n. [L. coruscatio.] 1. A flash 3 a sud- 
den burst of light in the clouds or atmosphere. 2. The 
light produced by the combustion of inflammable gas in 
the earth . — Artificial coruscations are produced by phos- 
phorus and sulphuric acid, or by sulphuric acid and iron 
filings. 

UOR'VET, 71. [Fr. corvette.] A sloop of war 3 an advice- 
boat. 

COR-VET'TO, 71. The curvet. Peacham. 

UORV'US, 7 J. \1j. corvus.] 1. In asZro/ioT/iy, a constellation 
of the southern hemisphere, containing nine stars. 2. A 
military engine or gallery used by the Romans for board- 
ing ships in war. 

€OR-Y-BAN'TI€, a. Madly agitated 3 inflamed like the 
Corybantes, the frantic priests of Cybele. 

GOR'YMB, 71. [L. corymbus.] Primarily^ a top, head, or 
cluster. In modern botany, a species of inflorescence. 

€0-RYM'BI-A-TED, a. Garnished with corymbs. 

COR-YM-BIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. corymbifer.] Producing cor- 
ymbs 3 bearing flowers, fruit, or berries in clusters. 

€0-RYM'B0US, a. Consisting of corymbs 5 in clusters. 

CO-RYM'BU-LOUS, a. Having or consisting of little cor- 
ymbs. 

COR'Y-PHENE, n. A fish with a sloping, truncated head, 
and the dorsal fin extending the whole length of the back. 

€OR-Y-PHe'US, 71. [Gr.] The chief of a chorus 3 the chief 
of a company. South. 

COS-CI-NOM'AN-CY, n. [Gr. kogkivov and pavreia.] The 
art or practice of divination by means of a sieve. 

CO-Se'CANT, n. In geometry, the secant of an arc which 
is the complement of another to ninety degrees. 

COS'EN. See Cozen. 

I Co'SIER, 71. [Fr. co 7 iSM.] A botcher. Shah. 

I €0-SIG-NHF'I-CA-TIVE, a. Having the same significa- 
tion. 

C 6 S'IN-AGE, n. [Fr. cousinageT] In law, a writ to recover 
possession of an estate in lands, when a stranger has en- 
tered and abated, after the death of the tresail, or the 
grandfather’s grandfather, or other collateral relation. 

C 6 '-SINE, 71. In geometry, the sine of an arc which is the 
complement of another to ninety degrees. 

COS-MET'IC, a. [Gx. KoapyriKos.] Beautifying 3 improving 
beauty, particularly the beauty of the skin. 

COS-MET'IC, 71. Any preparation that renders the skin 
soft, pure and white, and helps to beautify and improve 
the complexion. 

COS'MI-CAL, a. [Gr. KoapiKos.] 1. Relating to the world, 
or to the whole system of visible bodies, including the 
earth and stars. — 2. In astronomy, rising or setting with 
the sun 5 not acronical. 

COS'MI-CAL-LY, adv. With the sun at rising or setting ; 
a star is said to rise or set cosmically, when it rises or sets 
with the sun. 

COS-MOG'O-NIST, n. One who treats of the origin or form- 
ation of the universe. 

COS-MOG'O-NY, n. [Gr. Koapoyovia.]] The generation, 
origin or creation of the world or universe. In physics, 
the science of the origin or formation of the universe. 

COS-MOG'RA-PHER, n. One who describes the world or 
universe, including the heavens and the earth. 

COS-MO-GR APH'TC, \ a. Relating to the general de- 

COS-MO-GRAPH'I-CAL, j scription of the universe. 

COS-MO-GR APH'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a manner relating to 
tlio science of describing the universe, or corresponding to 
cosmography. 

COS-MOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. Koapoypa<pia.] A description 
of the world or universe 5 or the art which teaches tlie 
construction of the whole system of worlds, or the figure, 
disposition and relation of all its parts, and the manner of 
representing them on a plane. 

COS'MO-LABE, n. [Gr. Koapog, wnild, and \ap(3av(o, to 
take.] An ancient instrument for measuring distances in 
the heavens or on earth, much the same as the astrolabe, 
and called also pantacosm. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, U, Y, Zen^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT 5 — PREY 3 — PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3 — f Obsolete. 


COT 


197 


COU 


GOS-MOL'A-TO-RY, n. [Gr. Kocrfiog and Xarpcuw.] The 
worship paid to the world, or its parts, by heathens. 

CO.?-MO-LOG'I-CAL, a. Relating to a discourse or treatise 
of the world, or to the science of the universe. 

€0S-3I0L'0-G1ST, n. One who describes the universe. 

€OS-MOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. Koaixo'Xoyia.] The science of the 
world or universe 3 or a treatise relating to the structure 
and parts of the system of creation. 

GOS-MO-PLAS/TIG, a. [Gr. Koafxog and TrXatrcra).] World- 
forming ; pertaining to the formation of the world. 

GOS-MO-POL'I-TAN, ) n. [Gr. Kccfiog and rro'XiTijg.] A per- 

GOS-MOP'O-LlTE, | son who has no fixed residence ; 
one who is no where a stranger, or who is at home in ev- 
ery place ; a citizen of the world. 

GOSS, 71. A Hindoo measure of one English mile and a 
quarter nearly. Asiat. Res. 

GOS'SAGK, 71. The Cossacks inhabit the Ukraine, in the 
Russian empire. 

GOS'SAS, 77. Plain India muslins, of various qualities and 
breadths. 

GOS'SET, 7J. [qu. G. kossat.] A lamb brought up by hand, 
or without the aid of the dam. 

GOS'SIG, a. Relating to algebra. Bp. Hall. 

COST, 77. [G., D., Sw., Dan. host.] 1. The price, value 
or equivalent of a thing purchased ; the amount in val- 
ue paid, charged or engaged to be paid for any thing 
bought or taken in barter. 2. Expense ; amount in value 
expended or to be expended ; charge ; that which is given 
or to be given for another thing. — 3. In law, the sum fixed 
by law, or allowed by the court, for charges of a suit award - 
ed against the party losing, in favor of tlie party prevail- 
ing, &c. 4. Loss or expense of any kind ; detriment 3 

pain 3 suffering. 5. Sumptuousness 3 great expense. 

GOST, 77. [L. costa.] A rib or side. B. Jonsoa. 

GOST, V. t. ,• pret. and pp. cost. [G. and D. kosten.] 1. To 
require to be given or expended in barter or purchase 3 to 
be bought for. 2. To require to be laid out, given, be- 
stowed or employed. 3. To require to be borne or suf- 
fered. 

GOST'AL, a. [Fr. costal.] Pertaining to the side of the body 
or the ribs 3 as, costal nerves. 

GOST'ARD, 77. 1. A head 3 [not used.] Shak. 2. An ap- 
ple, round and bulky, like the head. 

GOST'ARD-MoNG'ER, 77 . An apple-seller. 

GOST'ER-MONG'ER, 77. An apple-seller. 

GOS'TIVE, a. [from It. costipato, costipare ; L. const'ipo.] 
1. Literally, crowded, stuffed, as the intestines 3 hence, 
bound in body 3 retaining fecal matter in the bowels, in a 
hard and dry state 3 having the excrements obstructed, or 
the motion of the bowels too slow. 2. Dry and hard 3 
[not xLsed.] Mortimer. 

GOS'TIVE-NESS, n. A preternatural detention of the fecal 
matter of the bowels, with hardness and dryness 3 an ob- 
struction or preternatural slowness of evacuations from the 
bowels. 

GOST'LI-NESS, n. Expensiveness 3 great cost, or expense 3 
sumptuousness. Sidney. 

GOST'LESS, a. Costing nothing. Barrow. 

GOST^LY, a. Of a high price 3 sumptuous 3 expensive 3 
purchased at a great expense. 

GOST'MA-RY, n. [L. costus, and Maria.] A species of 
tansy, or tanacetum ; alecost. 

t GOS'TREL, 77. A bottle. 

GOS'TUME, 77. [Fr.] 1. In painting^, a rn\e or precept by 
which an artist is enjoined to make every person and thing ^ 
sustain its proper character, observing the scene of action, ' 
the country or place, and making the habits, arms, man- 
ners and proportions correspond. Hence, the observance 
of this rule in execution. 2. An established mode of 
dress. 

GO-SUF'FER-ER, 77. One who suffers with another. 

GO-SU-PRf.ME^, 77. A partaker of supremacy. 

GO-SuRE^TY, 77. One who is surety Avith another. Mass. 
Rep. 

GOT, GOTE, or GOAT, at the end of the names of places, 
come generally from the Saxon cot, a cottage. Gibson. 

GOT, or GOTE, n. [Sax. cot, cote, cyte.] 1. A small house 3 
a hut 3 a mean habitation 3 also, a shed or inclosure for 
beasts. 2. A leathern cover for a sore finger. 3. An 
abridgment of cotquean. 4. A cade lamb 3 [local.] Grose. 
5. A little boat. 

GO-TAB'U-LATE. See Contabulate. 

GO-TAN'GENT, 77. The tangent of an arc which is the 
complement of another to ninety degrees. 

GOTE. See Guote, which was formerly written cote. 

GOTE, 77. A sheepfold. See Cot. 

GOTE, V. t. To pass by and turn before 3 to gain ground in 
coursing and give a competitor the turn. [Little u^ed.] 

GO-TEM-PO-Ra'NE-OUS, a. Living or being at the same 
time. 

GO-TEM'PO-RA-RY, a. Living or being at the same time. 
Locke. 

GO-TEM'PO-RA-RY, 77. One who lives at the same time 


with another. [I consider this word as preferable to con- 
temporary, as being more easily pronounced.] 

GO-TEN'A_NT, 77. A tenant in common. Kent. 

GO-TE-RIe', 77. [Fr.] A friendly party, or fashionable 
association. 

GO-THURN'ATE, \ a. Euskined 3 relating to tragedy. 

GO-THURN'A-TED, \ Cockeram. 

GO-TIG'U-LAR, a. [L. coticula.] Pertaining to whetstones 3 
like, or suitable for whetstones. Kirwan. 

GO-TIL'LON, (ko-tiPyun) n. [Fr.] A brisk dance, per- 
formed by eight persons together 3 also, a tune which reg- 
ulates the dance. 

GOTHLAND, 77. Land appendant to a cottage. 

GOT'GUEAN, n. A man who busies himself with the af- 
fairs which properly belong to women. 

GO-TRUS-TEE', 77. A joint trustee. Kent. 

GOTS'WoLD, 77. [Sax. cote and 7 ooZtZ.] Sheepcotes in an 
open country. 

GOTT, 77. [Sax. cot, cote.] A small bed 3 on hoard of ships, 
a bed frame suspended from the beams, for the officers to 
sleep in, between the decks 3 a piece of canvas, extended 
by a frame. 

GOT'TAGE, 77. A cot 3 a hut 3 a small, mean habitation. 

GOT'TAGED, a. Set or covered with cottages. 

GOT'TAGE-LY, a. Rustic 3 suitable to a cottage. 

GOT'TA-GER, 77. 1. One who lives in a hut or cottage. — 
2. In laze, one who lives on a common, without paying 
any rent, or having land of liis own. 

GOT'TER, GOT'TAR, or GOTQTER, 77. A cottager. 

GOT'TON, (kot'tn) n. [Fr. coion; \i. cotone.] 1. A soft, 
downy substance, resembling fine wool, growing in the 
capsules or pods of a shrub, called the cotton-plant. 2. 
Cloth made of cotton. 

GOT'TON, a. Pertaining to cotton 3 made of cotton 3 con- 
sisting of cotton. 

GOT'TON, 7J. 7. 1. To rise with a nap. Johnson. 2. To ce- 
ment 3 to unite Avith 3 a cant word. Swift. 

GOT'TON-GIN, n. A machine to separate the seeds from 
cotton, invented by E. Whitney. 

COT'TON-GRASS, n. A genus of plants, the eriophorxim . 

€OT'TOJ\-MA-CHiNE', n. A macliine for carding or spin- 
ning cotton. 

GOT'TON-MILL, n. A mill or building with machinery for 
carding, roving, and spinning cotton, by the force of Ava- 
ter or steam. 

COT’TON-PLANT, | n. A plant or shrub of tlie genus gos- 

COT'TON-SHRUB, i 5^77^7777, of several species, all groAV- 
ing in Avarm climates. 

COT'TON-THIS'TLE, 77. A plant, ihe onopordum . 

COT'TON-WEED, n. A plant, the filago. The name is 
given also to the snaphalinm, cud-Aveed, or goldy-locks. 

GOT'TON-Y, or GOT'TON-OUS, a. 1. DoAvny 3 nappy 3 
coA^ered with hairs or pubescence like cotton. Martzjn. 2. 
Soft, like cotton. 

CO'TY-LE, or €o'TY-LA, n. [Gr. aotcXt?.] The cavity of 
a bone Avhicli receives the end of another in articulation. 

GO-TYL'E-DON, n. [Gr. KOTv\r]6o)v.] 1. In botany, the 
perishable lobe or pZace77t77 of the seeds of plants.— 2. In 
anatomy, a little glandular body adhering to the chorion 
of some animats. 3. A genus of plants, navel-Avort, or 
kidney-Avort, of sev^eral species. 

COT-Y^-LED'O-NOUS, a. Pertaining to cotyledons 3 having 
a seed-lobe. 

COUCH, V. i. [Fr. couche^] 1. To lie doAvn, as on a bed or 
place of repose. 2. Tolie.doAvn on the knees 3 to stoop 
and recline on the knees, as a beast. 3. To lie doAvn in 
secret or in ambush 3 to lie close and concealed. 4. To 
lie 5 to lie in a bed or stratum. 5. To stoop 3 to bend tlie 
body or back 3 to loAA^er in reverence, or to bend under 
labor, pain, or a burden. 

COUCH, V. t. 1. To lay down 3 to repose on a bed or place 
of rest. 2. To lay down 3 to spread on a bed or floor. 3. 
To lay close, or in a stratum. 4. To hide 3 to lay close, 
or in another body. 5. To include secretly 3 to hide 3 or 
to express in obscure terms, that imply Avhat is to be un- 
derstood. 6. To involve 3 to include 3 to comprise 3 to 
comprehend or express. 7. To lie close. 8. To fix a 
spear in the rest, in the posture of attack. 9. To depress 
the condensed crystaline humor or film that OAxrspreads 
the pupil of the eye. To remoA’^e a cataract. 

COUCH, 77 . 1. A bed 3 a place for rest or sleep. 2. A seat 
of repose 3 a place for rest and ease, on Avhich it is com- 
mon to lie down undressed. 3. A layer or stratum. — 4. 
In painting, a lay or impression of color, in oil or AA’^ater, 
coA'ering the canvas. Avail, or other matter to be painted. 
5. Any lay, or impression, used to make a thing firm or 
consistent, or to screen it from the Aveather. 6. A cover- 
ing of gold or silver leaf, laid on any substance to be gild- 
ed or silA’ered. 

COUCH'ANT,*a. t^r.] Lying doAvn 3 squatting.— In Acr- 
aldry, lying down Avith the head raised, Avhich distin- 
guishes the pclsture of'couchant from that of dormant, or 
sleeping 3 applied to a lion or other beast. 

COUCHED, pp. Laid doAvn 3 laid on 3 hid 3 included or 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 5— B1:JLL, UNITE.— G as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 5 CH as SH 5 TH as in this, t Obsolete. 


cou 


. 198 


COU 


involved ; laid close ; fixed in the rest, as a spear j de- 
pressed or removed, as a cataract. 

€oUCJI'EE, n. [Fr.] Bedtime j late visiting at night. 
Drijden. 

COUCH'ER, n. 1. One who couches cataracts. — 2. In old 
Encrlish statutes, a fiictor ; a resident in a country for 
trafiick. 3. A book in which a religious house register 
their acts. 

COUCH -FEL-LoW, n. A bed-fellow ; a companion in 
lodging. 

COUCH'-GRaSS, 71. A species of grass, very injurious to 
other plants. 

COUCH 'ING, ppr. Lying down ; laying down ; lying close ; 
involving; including; expressing; depressing a cataract. 

COUCHHiVG, V. The act of stooping or bowing. 

COUGH, (kauf) ??. Qiu. D. kuch.] A violent effort of the 
lungs to throw off offending matter ; a violent, sometimes 
involuntary, and sonorous expiration, suddenly expelling 
the air through the glottis. 

COUGH, V. i. To hdve the lungs convulsed ; to make a vi- 
olent effort with noise, to expel the air from the lungs, 
and evacuate any offending matter that irritates the parts 
or renders respiration difficult. 

COUGH, V. t. To expel from the lungs by a convulsive ef- 
fort with noise ; to expectorate. 

COUGH'ER, n. One that coughs. 

COUGH'ING, ppr. Expelling from the lungs by a violent 
effort with noise ; expectorating. 

COU'HAGE, n. A kind of kidney-beans 

COULD, (kood) [The past tense of can, according to our 
customary arrangement in grammar ; but, in reality, a dis- 
tinct word, can having no past tense. Could, we receive 
through the Celtic dialects, W. galln. Corn, gaily. Arm. 
gallout, to be able.] Had sufficient physical or moral 
powder or capacity. 

CoUL'TER. See Colter. 

COUjS'CIIj, 7>. [Fr. ; Sp. concilio.] 1. An assembly 

of men summoned or convened for consultation, delibera- 
tion, and advice. 2. A body of men specially designated 
to advise a chief magistrate in the administration of the 
government, as in Great Britain. — 3. In sotneof the Amer- 
ican states, a branch of the legislature, corresponding with 
the senate in other states, and called legislative council. 
JVew Jersey. A. An assembly of prelates and doctors, 
convened for regulating matters of doctrine and discipline 
in the church. 5. Act of deliberation ; consultation of a 
council. — Common council of a city generally is the body 
of representatives of the citizens. — Ecumenical council, in 
church history, a general council or assembly of prelates 
and doctors, representing the whole church. — Privy coun- 
cil, a select council for advising a king in the administra- 
tion of the government. — Aulic council. See Aulic. 

€OU.\'CIL-BoARD, n. Council-table ; the table round 
which a council holds consultation. Hence, the council 
itself in deliberation or session. 

COUN'CIL-OR, n. The member of a council. See Coun- 
selor. 

€OUX'CIL-Ta-BLE, 71. Council-board. 

CO U2^-DER-STANDTNG, n. Mutual understanding. How- 
ell. 

jCO-U-NlTE', V. t. To unite. More. 

COUX'BEIj, n. [Fr. conseil.] 1. Advice; opinion, or in- 
struction, given upon request or otherwise, for directing 
the judgment or conduct of another; opinion given upon 
deliberation or consultation . 2. Consultation ; interchange 
of opinions. 3. Deliberation ; examination of conse- 
quences. 4. Prudence ; deliberate opinion or judgment, 
or the faculty or habit of judging with caution. — 5. In a 
bad sense, evil advice or designs; art; machination. 6. 
Secrecy ; the secrets intrusted in consultation ; secret 
opinions or purposes. — 7. In a Scriptural sense, purpose ; 
design; will; decree. 8. Directions of God’s word. 9. 
The will of God or his truth and doctrines concerning the 
way of salvation. 10. Those who give counsel in law ; 
any counselor or advocate, or any number of counselors, 
barristers or sergeants. 

COUN'SEL, V. t. [L. consilior.] 1. To give advice or de- 
liberate opinion to another for the government of his con- 
duct ; to advise. 2. To exhort, warn, admonish, or in- 
struct. 3. To advise or recommend ; [act 7 uuch wA'cd.] 
Pry den. 

GOUN'SEL-KEEP'ER, n. One who can keep a secret. 
Shak. 

GOUN'SEL-KEEP'ING, a. Keeping secrets. 

€OUN'SEL-A-BLE, a. Willing to receive counsel ; dis- 
posed to follow the advice or opinions of others. 

GOUN'SELED, pp. Advised ; instructed ; admonished. 

€OUN'SEL-ING, ppr. Advising ; instructing ; admonish- 
ing. 

€OUN'SEL-OR, n. L Any person who gives advice; but 
properly, one who is authorized by natural relationship, 
or by birth, office or profession, to advise another in re- 
gard to his future conduct and measures. 2. A mem- 
ber of a council ; one appointed to advise a king or chief 


magistrate. 3. One who is consulted by a client in a law- 
case ; one who gives advice in relation to a question of 
law ; one whose profession is to give advice in law, and 
manage causes for clients. — Privy counselor, a member oi 
a privy council. 

GOUN'SEL-OR-SHIP, n. The office of a counselor, or privy 
counselor. 

€OUi\T, V. t. [Fr. conter.] 1. To number ; to tell or name 
one by one, or by small numbers, for ascertaining the 
whole number of units in a collection. 2. To reckon ; to 
preserve a reckoning ; to compute. 3. To reckon ; to 
place to an account ; to ascribe or impute ; to consider or 
esteem as belonging. 4. To esteem ; to account ; to 
reckon; to think, judge or consider. 5. To impute; to 
charge. 

€OUi\T, V. i. To count on or upon, to reckon upon ; to 
found an account or scheme on ; to rely on. 

GOUIVT, ?r. [Fr. conte and compte.] 1. Reckoning; the act 
of numbering. 2. Number. — 3. In lain, a particular 
charge in an indictment, or narration in pleading, setting 
forth the cause of complaint. 

COUNT, 71 . [Fr. comte.] A title of nobility, on the conti- 
nent of Europe, equivalent to the English earl, and whose 
domain is a county. An earl ; the alderman of a shire. 

GOUNT'-WHEEL, n. The wheel in a clock wliich moves 
round and causes it to strike. 

COUNT'A-BLE, a. That may be numbered. Spenser. 

GOUNT'ED, pp. Numbered ; told ; esteemed ; reckoned ; 
imputed. 

COUN^^rE-NANCE, n. [Fr. contenance.'] 1. Literally, the 
contents of a body ; the outline and extent which consti- 
tutes the whole figure or external appearance. Appropri- 
ately, the human face ; the whole form of the face, or 
system of features ; visage. 2. Air ; look ; aspect ; ap- 
jiearance of the face. 3. The face or look of a beast. 4. 
Favor ; good will ; kindness. 5. Support ; aid ; patron- 
age ; encouragement ; favor in promoting and maintain- 
ing a person or cause. 6. Show ; resemblance ; superfi- 
cial appearance. — 7. In law, credit or estimation. — To 
keep the coxintenance, is to preserve a calm, composed, or 
natural look, unruffled by passion. — In countenance, in fa- 
vor ; in estimation. — To keep in countcuavee, to give assur- 
ance or courage to ; to support ; to aid by favor. — To put in 
countenance, to give assurance ; to encourage ; or to bring 
into favor ; to support. — Outof couvte7iance, confounded ; 
abashed ; with the countenance cast down ; not bold or 
assured. — To put oiit of count enmice, to cause the counte- 
nance to fall ; to abash ; to intimidate ; to disconcert. 

COUN'TE-NANCE, 1. To favor; to encourage by 

opinion or words. 2. To aid ; to support ; to encourage ; 
to abet ; to vindicate by any means. 3. To encourage ; 
to appear in defense. 4. To make a show of. 5. To keep 
a?i appearance. 

€OUN'TE-NANCED,pp. Favored ; encouraged ; supphrted. 

€0UN'TE-NAN-CER, 71. One who countenances, favor's or 
supports. 

€0UN'TE-NAN-CING, ppr. Favoring ; encouraging ; sup- 
porting. 

COUNT'ER, 71. 1. A false piece of money or stamped 
metal, used as means of reckoning; anything used to 
keep an account or reckoning, as in games. 2. Money, 
in contempt. 3. A table or board on which money is 
counted ; a table on which goods in a shop are laid for ex- 
amination by purchasers. 4. The name of certain prisons 
in London. 5. One that counts or reckons ; also, an au- 
ditor. 6. Encounter ; [not wsed.] — 7. In ships, an arch or 
vault, whose upper part is terminated by the bottom of 
the stern. — Counter of a horse, that part of a horee’s fore- 
hand which lies between the shoulder and under the 
jieck. 

COUN'TER, adv. [Fr. contre ; L. contra.] 1. Contrary; 
in opposition ; in an opposite direction ; used chiefly with 
run or go ; as, to rtin coitntcr to the rules of virtue. 2. 
The wrong way ; contrary to the right course. 3. Con- 
trariwise ; in a contrary manner. 4. The face, or at the 
face; [not used.] Sandys. This word is prefixed to many 
othei-s, chiefly verbs and nouns, expressing opposition. 

COUN-TER-ACT', v. t. To act in opposition to ; to hinder, 
defeat or frustrate by contrary agency. 

COUN-TER-ACT^ED, pp. Hindered ; frustrated ; defeated 
by contrary agency. 

COtlN-TER-ACT'ING, ppr. Hindering; frustrating. 

COUN-TER-AC'TION, n. Action in opposition ; hin- 
derance. 

COUN'TER-AT-TRAC'TION, 7i. Opposite attraction. 

COUN-TER-BAL^ANCE, n. t. To weigh against ; to weigh 
against with an equal weight ; to act against with equal 
power or effect ; to countervail. 

COUN-TER-BAL'ANCE, n. Equal weight, power or agen- 
cy acting in opposition to any thing. 

COUN-TER-BAL'ANCED, pp. Opposed by equal weight, 
power or effect. 

COUN-TER-BAL'AN-CING, ppr. Opposing by equal 
weight, power, or operation. 


* See Synopsis. 


A , E, I, o, U, Y, Zo7?5-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— FREY PIN. 


MARINE, BIRD ; — ■[ Obsolete, 


cou 


399 


COUN'TER-BOND, n. A bond to save harmless one who 
has given bond for another. 

GOUIV-TEil-BUFF', v. t. To strike back or in an opposite 
direction j to drive back ; t stop by a blow or impulse in 
front. 

GOUJV'TER-BUFF, n. A blow in an opposite direction ; a 
stroke that stops motion, or causes a recoil. 

COUN-TER-BUFF'ED, (koun-ter-buft') jyp. Struck with a 
blow in opposition. 

COUN'TER-CAST, n. Delusive contrivance j contrary 
cast. 

€OUN^TER-€AST-ER, n. A caster of accounts j a reckon 
er ; a book-keeper, in contempt. 

GOUN'TER-CHaNgE, n. Exchange ; reciprocation. 

GOUN-TER-CHaNgE', V. t. To give and receive j or to 
cause to change places. 

GOUJV-TER-CHaNG'ED, (koun-ter-chanjd') pp. Exchang- 
ed. — In heraldr]!^ intermixed, as the colors of the field 
and charge. 

€OUJN''TER-CHARM, n. That which has the power of 
dissolving or opposing the effect of a charm. 

€OUN-TER-CI1aRM', v. t. To destroy the effect of enchant- 
ment. 

€0(JN-TER-CHE€K', v. t. To oppose or stop by some ob- 
stacle ; to check. 

€0UN'TER-CHE€K, n. Check; stop; rebuke; or a cen- 
sure to check a reprover. 

€OUJV-TER-CUR'RENT, a. Running in an opposite direc- 
tion. Kir wan. 

€OUN'TER-€UR-RENT, n. A current in an opposite di- 
rection. 

€OUN-TER-DIS-TIN€'TION, n. Contradistinction. 

COUN-TER-DRAVV', v. t. In painting, to copy a design or 
painting, by means of a fine linen clotb, an oiled paper, or 
other transparent matter, whereon the strokes appearing 
through, they are traced with a pencil. 

COUN-TER-DRAW'ING, ppr. Copying by means of lines 
drawn on soine’transparent matter. 

eOLTN-TER-DRAWN', Copied from lines drawm on 
something else.’ 

COUN'TER-EV'I-DENCE, ??. Opposite evidence ; evi- 
dence or testimony which opposes other evidence. 

€OUN-TER-FaFSANCE. See Counteufesance. 

COUN'TER-FElT, (^kouifiter-fit) v. t. [Fr. contrefaire, con- 
trcfait.'^ 1. To forge ; to copy or imitate, without author- 
ity or right, and with a view' to deceive or defraud, by 
passing the copy or thing forged for that which is original 
or genuine. 2. To imitate ; to copy ; to make or put on a 
resemblance. 

eOUN'TER FEiT, V. i. To feign; to dissemble; to carry 
on a fiction or deception. S/ia/c. 

COCJV'TER-FElT, a. 1. Forged; fictitious; false; fabri- 
cated without right ; made in imitation of something else, 
with a view to defraud, by passing the false copy for 
genuine or original. 2. Assuming the appearance of 
something ; false ; hypocritical. 3. Having the resem- 
blance of ; false ; not genuine. 

COUN'TER-FElT, n. 1. A cheat; a deceitful person; one 
who pretends to be w'hat he is not ; one w'ho personates 
another; an impostor — 2. In laic, one w'ho obtains money 
or goods by counterfeit letters or false tokens. 3. That 
which is made in imitation of something, but w'ithout 
lawful authority, and witli a view to defraud, by pass- 
ing the false for the true. 

€OUN'TER-FElT-ED, p/>. 1. Forged ; made in imitation of 
something, with a view to defraud ; copied ; imitated ; 
feigned. 

€OUN'TER-FEiT-ER, n. 1. One who counterfeits ; a 
forger. 2. One who copies or imitates ; one who assumes 
a false appearance. 3. One who endeavours to set off a 
thing in false colors. 

€10UN'TER-FEIT-LY, adv. By forgery ; falsely ; fictitious- 
ly- 

I €OUN'TER-FEiT-NESS, n. The state of being counter- 
feit. 

€OUN-TER-FER'MENT, n. Ferment opposed to ferment. 
Addison. 

f €OUx\-TER-Fk/SANCE, n. [Fr. contrcfaisance.'] The 
act of forging ; forgery. 

GOUN'TEIUFOIL, or GOUX'TER-STOOK, n. That part 
of a tally struck in the exchecpier, w'liicli is kept by an 
officer in that court, the other being delivered to the per- 
son who has lent the king money on the account, and is 
called the stock. 

€OUN'TER-FoRT, n. A buttress, spur or pillar serving to 
support a wall or terrace subject to bulge. 

€OUN'TER-GAGE, n. In carpentry, a method used to 
measure the joints, by transferring the breadth of a mor- 
tise to the place where the tenon is to be, in order to 
make them fit each other. 

GOUNQ’ER-GUaRD, n. in fortification, a small rampart or 
work raised before the point of a bastion, consisting of 
two long faces parallel to the faces of the bastion, making 
a salient angle, to preserve the bastion. 


COU 


€OUN^TER-IN'FLU-ENCE, v. t. To hinder by opposing 
infiuence. [Little used.i 

Libration. 

COUIv'TER-LiGHT, n. A light opposite to any thing, 
whir.li makes it appear to disadvantage. 

GOUN-T. ER-MAND*, v.t. [Fr. contremandcr.^ 1. To re- 
voke a former command, or to give an order contrary to 
one before given, which annuls a fonner command, and 
forbids^ its execution. 2. To oppose ; to contradict the or- 
ders of another. 3. To prohibit; [little used. i Harvey. 

GOUA^l ER-IVIAND, n. A contrary order; revocation of a 
former order or command. Sliak. 

GOUN-TER-MAND'ED, j>p. Revoked ; annulled, as an or- 
der. 


GOUN-TER-MANDRNG, ppr. Revoking a former order ; 
giving directions contrary to a former command. 

GOUN-TER-MARCH', v. i. Tomarcli back. 

GOUN'TER-MARCH, n. 1. A inarching back ; a returning. 

2. A change of the wdngs or face of a battalion, so as to 
bring the right to the left, or the front into the rear. Cyc. 

3. A change of measures ; alteration of conduct. 

GOUJV'TER-MARK, v. 1. A second or third mark put on a 

bale of goods belonging to several merchants, that it may 
not be opened, but in the presence of all the owners. 2. 
The mark of the Goldsmith’s Company, to show the metal 
to be standard, added to that of the artificer. 3. An arti- 
ficial cavity made in the teeth of horses, that li&ve cut- 
grow'ii their natural mark, to disguise their age. 4. A 
mark added to a medal, a long time after it lias been 
struck, by which its several changes of value may be 
know'll. 

GOUN-TER-MARK', v. t. To mark the corner teeth of a 
horse by an artificial cavity, to disguise his age. 

GOUN'TER-MlNE, n. I, In military affairs, a w'ell and 
galleiy sunk in the earth, and running under ground, in 
search of the enemy’s mine, or till it meets it, to defeat 
its effect. 2. Means of opjiosition or counteraction. 3. A 
stratagem or project to frustrate any contrivance. 

GOUiV-TER-MiNE', v. t. 1. To sink a w'ell and gallerj' in 
the earth, in search of an enemy’s mine, to frustrate* his 
designs. 2. To counterwork ; to frustrate by secret and 
opposite measures. 

GOUN'TER-MO'TION, n. An opposite motion ; a motion 
counteracting another. 

GOUN'TER-MoVE'MENT, n. A movement in opposition 
to another. 

GOUN'TER-MURE, v. [Fr. contremur.'\ A w’all raised 
behind another, to supply its place wdien a breach is 
made. 

GOUN'TER-MURE, v. t. To fortify with a wall behind an 
other. 


GOUN'TER-NATfft_i> aL, a. Contrary to nature. 

GOUIS'TER-NE-GO-TI-a'TION, 11 . Negotiation in opposi- 
tion to other negotiation. 

GOUN'TER-NOISE, n. A noise or sound by which another 
noise or sound is overpowered. 

GOUN'TER-o'PEN-ING, ii. An aperture or vent on the op- 
posite side, or in a different place. 

GOUN'TER-PACE, n. A step or measure in opposition to 
another ; contrary measure or attempt. 

GOUN'TER-PaLED, a. In heraldry, is w'hen the escutch- 
eon is divided into twelve pales parted perfesse, the two 
colors being counterchanged, so that the upper and 
lower are of different colors. 

GOUN'TER-PANE, n. 1. A particular kind of coverlet for 
a bed. See Counterpoint. 2. One part of an inden- 
ture ; [oi5.] 

GOUN'TER-PART, n. 1. The correspondent part ; the 
part that answers to another, as the two papers of a con- 
tract or indentures ; a copy ; a duplicate. Also, tlie part 
which fits another, as the key of a cipher. Addison. — 2. In 
music, the part to be applied to another. 

GOUN-TER-PAS'SANT, a. In heraldry, is w'hen tw'O lions 
in a coat of arms are represented as going contrary ways. 

GOUN'TER-PE-TI 'TION, n. A petition in opposition to 
another. Clarendon . 

GOUN'TER-PE-Ti"TION, v. i. To petition against another 
petition. 

GOUN'TER-PLeA, n. In late, a replication to a plea, or 
request. Coicel. 

GOUN-TER-PLOT', v. t. To oppose one plot to another; to 
attempt to frustrate stratagem by stratagem. 

GOUN'TER-PLOT, n. A plot or artifice opposed to anotlier. 

GOUN'TER-PLOT-TING, n. A plotting in opposition to a 
stratagem. 

GOUNn'’ER.-POINT, n. [Fr. contrepointe.] 1. A coverlet ; 
a cover for a bed, stitched or W’oven in squares ; written, 
corruptly, counterpane. — 2. In music, counterpoint is wlien 
the musical characters, by W’hich the notes in each part 
are signified, are placed in such a manner, each with re- 
spect m each, as to show' how the parts answer one to an- 
other, 3. An opposite point. 

GOUN'TER-POISE,??. E [Fr. contrepescr.] 1. To counter- 
balance ; to weigh against with equal weight ; to be equi- 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this | Obsolete, 


cou 


200 


COU 


ponderant to j to equal in weight. 2. To act against with 
equal power or effect j to balance. 

COU-V'TER-POISE, n, [Fr. co7itrepoids.] 1. Equal weight 
acting in opposition to something ; equiponderance ; a 
weight sufficient to balance another in the opposite scale ; 
equal balance. 2. Equal power or force acting in opiwsi- 
tion j a force sufficient to balance another force ; equipol- 
lence.— 3. In the manege, a position of the rider in which 
his body is duly balanced in his seat, not inclined more 
to one side than the other. 

COUN'TER-POISEI), pp. Balanced by an equivalent oppos- 
ing weight, or by equal power. 

€OUX'TER-POIS-ING, ppr. Balancing by equal weight in 
the opposite scale, or by equal power. 

COUN'TER-POl-SON, n. One poison that destroys the ef- 
fect of anotlier j an antidote 3 a medicine that obviates the 
effects of poison. 

€OUN-TER-PRA€'TICE, r. Practice in opposition to an- 
other. 

COUN-TER-PRESS'URE, 71. Opposing pressure j a force or 
pressure that acts in a contrary direction. 

€OUN'TER-PROJ-E€T, 7i. A project, scheme or proposal 
of one party, given in opposition to another, before given 
by the other party. 

OOIL\'TER-PROOF, n. In rolling-press printing, a print 
taken off from another fresh printed, which, by being 
passed through the press, gives the figure of the former, 
but inverted. 

€OUN'TER-FROVE, t. To take off a design in black lead 
or red chalk, by passing it through a rolling-press with an- 
other piece of pai>er, both being moistened with a spunge. 

€OUN'TER-REV-0-Lu'TION, n. A revolution opposed to 
a former one, and restoring a former state of things. 

€OUN'TER-REV-0-Lu'TION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to a 
counter-revolution. 

€OUN'TER-REV-0-Ltj'TION-IST, n. One engaged in 'or 
befriending a_counter-re volution. 

€OUN'TER-RoLL, n. 1. Iji law, a counterpart or copy of 
the rolls, relating to appeals, inquests, &.c. 2. As a verb, 
this word is contracted into control, which see. 

COUN-TER-RoL'MENT, n. A counter account. 

COUN'TER-Sa'LI-ANT, a. [Fr. contre and snillir.] In 
heraldr^j, is when two beasts are borne in a coat leaping 
from each other. 

COUN'TER-S€ARF, ?i. The same with counterscarp. 

COUN^TER-SCaRP, 71. [Fr. contrcscarpe.'] In fortification, 
the exterior talus or slope of the ditch, or the talus that 
supports the earth of the covered way ; but it often signi- 
fies the whole covered way, with its parapet and glacis. 

COUN'TER-S€UF-FLE, 71. Opposite scuffle ; contest. 

COUN'TER-SEAL, v. t. To seal with another. 

€OUN'TER-SE-€uRE', v. t. To secure one wlio has given 
security. 

COUN'TER-SE-€u'RI-TY, n. Security given to one who 
has entered into bonds or become security for anotlier. 

€OUN'TER-SENSE, n. Op|X)site meaning. Howell. 

COUN'TER-SiGN, v. t. Literally, to sign on the opposite 
side of an instrument or writing ; hence, to sign, as sec- 
retary or other subordinate officer, a writing signed by a 
principal or superior, to attest the authenticity of the writ- 
ing. 

€OUN'TER-STGN, 7/. A private signal, word or phrase, 
given to soldiers on guard, with orders to let no man 
pass unless he first names that sign j a military watch- 
word. 

COUN'TER-SIG-NAL, n. A. signal to answer or corre- 
spond to another ; a naval term. 

COUN'TER-SIG^NA-TURE, n. The name of a secretary, 
or other subordinate officer, countersigned to a writinu. 

COUN'TER-SIGNED, pp. Signed by a secretary or other 
subordinate officer. 

COUN^TER-SIGN-ING, ppr. Attesting by the signature of a 
subordinate officer. 

COUN'TER-SNARL, n. Snarl in defense or opposition. 

€OUxV-TEIUSTAT'UTE, ti. A contraiy statute, or ordi- 
nance. 

COUN'TER-STROKE, n. A contrary stroke ; a stroke re- 
turned. 

COUN-TER-SuRE'TY, n. A counterbond, or a surety to 
secure tme that has given security. 

COUN'TER-SVVAY, n. Contrary sway j opposite influ- 
ence. 

COUN'TER-TAL-LY, n. A tally corresponding to another. 

COUN'TER-TASTE, n. Opposite or false taste: 

COUN-TER-TEi\^OR, orCOUN'TER, n. In music, one of 
the middle pints, between the tenor and the treble ; high 
tenor. 

COUN'TER-TIDE, tj. Contrary tide. 

COUN'TER-TIME, n. 1. In the manege, the defense or re- 
sistance of a horse that interrupts his cadence and the 
measure of his manege, occasioned by a bad horseman or 
the bad temper of the horse. 2. Resistance ; opposition. 

COUN'TER-TURN, n. The height of a play, which puts 
an end to expectation. 


COUN-TER-VaIL', V. t. To act against with equal force 01 
power ; to equal ; to act with equivalent effect against any 
thing ; to balance 5 to compensate. 

COUjN'TER-VAIL, n. Equal weight or strength j power or 
value sufficient to obviate any effect 5 equal weight or 
value ; compensation j requital. 

COUN-TER-VaIL'ED, (koun-ter-vald') pp. Acted against 
with equal force or power ; balanced 5 compensated. 

COUA'^-TER-VaIL'ING, ppr. Opposing with equal strength 
or value ; balancing ; obviating an effect. 

COUA^'TER-VIEVV, (kounfter-vu) n. 1. An opposite or op- 
posing view ; opposition ; a posture in which two persons 
front each other. 2. Contrast ; a position in which two 
dissimilar things illustrate each other by opposition. 

COUN'TER-VOTE, V. t. To vote in opposition j to outvote. 
Scott. 

COUN'TER-WEIGH, v. t. To weigh against ; to counter- 
balance. Aschain. 

COUN'TER-WHEEL, v. t. To cause to wheel in an oppo- 
site direction. 

COUN'TER-WIND, 71. Contrary wind. 

COUA'-TER-W6RK^, v. t. To work in opposition to ; to 
counteract ; to hinder any effect by contrary operations. 

COUN-TER-WROUGHT', (koun-ter-raut') pp. Counteract- 
ed ; opposed by contrary action. 

COUNTLESS, n. [Fr. conitesse.'] The consort of an earl or 
count. 

COUNTftNG-HOUSE, ) n. The house or room apj;ropriated 

COUNTftA^G-ROOM, j by merchants, traders, and man- 
ufacturers to the business of keeping their books, accounts, 
letters and papers. 

COUNT'LES!?, a. That cannot be counted ; nrtt having 
the number ascertained, nor asceitainable j innumera- 
ble. 

CoUN^'TRY, (kun'try) n. [Fr. contree.'] I. Properly, the 
land lying about or near a city ; the territory situated in 
the vicinity of a city. 2. The whole territory of a king- 
dom or state, as opposed to city. 3. Any tract of land, or 
inhabited land ; any region, as distinguished from other 
regions ; a kingdom, state or less district. 4. 'J’he king- 
dom, state or territory in which one is born ; the land of 
nativity ; or the particular district, indefinitely, in which 
one is Iwrn. 5. The region in which one resides. G. 
Land, as opposed to water ; or inhabited territory. 7. 
The inhabitants of a region. 8. A place of residence ; a 
region of permanent habitation. — 9. In late, a jury or ju- 
rors ; as, trial by the country. 

C6UN'TRY, a. 1. Pertaining to the country or territory at 
a distance from a city ; rural ; nistic. 2. Pertaining or 
peculiar to one’s own country. 3. Rude; ignoraiit. — 
Country-dance, an erroneous orthography. See Condia- 

DANCE. 

G6UA^'TRY-MAN, n. 1. One born in the same cour.try 
with another. 2. One who dwells in the country, <is op- 
posed to a citizen ; a rustic ; a farmer or husbandman ; a 
man of plain, unpolished manners. 3. An inhabitant or 
native of a region. 

OOUN'TY, 77. \Ft. comtk.'] 1. 077^mfl'ZZi/, an earldom ; tlie 
district or territory of a count or earl. Now, a circuit or 
particular portion of a state or kingdom, separated from the 
rest of the territory, for certain purposes in the adminis- 
tration of justice. It is called also a shire. [Sec Shire.] 
2. A count; an earl or lord ; Shak. — County Cmat, 

the court whose jurisdiction is limited to a county, wiiose 
powers, in Amei-ica, depend on statutes. — County palatine, 
in England, is a county distinguished by particular privi- 
leges. — County corporate is a county invested with par- 
ticular privileges by charter or royal grant; as London, 
Y'ork, Bristol, &c. 

€OUN'TY, a. Pertaining to a county; as, county court. 

COUP-DE-MAIN, (koo-de-mane') n. [Fr.] A military ex- 
pression, denoting an instantaneous, unexpected, gener- 
ally de.sperate attack. 

GC)UP-D’0E1L, (koo-daJe') n. [Fr.] The first view of any 
thing ; a slight view of it. 

€c)U-PEE', 77. [Fr. couper.] A motion in dancing, when 
one leg is a little bent and suspended from the greund, 
and with the other a motion is made forward. 

GoUP'ING-GLASS. See Cupping-glass. 

C6UP'LA-BLE, a. Fit to be coupled with. Cotgrave. 

CoUP'LE, (kup'pl) 77. [Fr. ccuplc.'\ 1 . Two of the same 
species or kind, and near in place, or considered togetl’.er. 

2. Two things of any kind connected or linked together. 

3. A male and a female connected by marriage, betrothed 
or allied. 4. That which links or “connects two things 
together; a chain. 

CoUP'LE, V. t. [Fr. coupler.'] 1. To link, chain or connect 
one thing with another ; to sew or fasten together. 2. To 
marry ; to wed ; to unite, as husband and vvife. 

C6UP LE, V. i. To embrace, as the sexes. Dryden. 

CoUP'LE-BEG'GAR, n. One that makes it his business to 
marry beggars to each other. Sioiff,. 

€6UP»LED, pp. United, as two things ; linked ; married. 

€6UP'LE-MENT, 77. Union. Spenser. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, 0, tJ, Y, ?077£^.— FAR,. FALL, WHAT PREY HN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


cou 


201 


COU 


C6UP^LET, (kup'plet) n. [Fr.] 1. Two verses ; a pair of 
rliymes. 2. A division of a hymn or ode in which an 
equal number or equal measure of verses is found In each 
part, called a strophe. 3. A pair j [iiot used.'\ Shak. 

€oUP'LING, ppr. Uniting in couples j fastening or connect- 
ing together 3 embracing. 

CoUP'LING, n. 1. That which couples or connects. 2. 
The act of coupling. 

CoUR'AGE, (kur'rage) n. [Fr., Sp. corage ; It. coraggio.] 
Bravery ; intrepidity ; that quality of mind which ena- 
bles men to encounter danger and difficulties with firm- 
ness, or without fear or depression of spirits 3 valor 3 bold- 
ness 3 resolution. 

€6UR'AGE, V. t. To encourage. Huloet. 

CoUR-a'GEOUS, a. Brave 3 bold 3 daring 3 intrepid ; hardy 
to encounter difficulties and dangers 3 adventurous 3 en- 
terprising. 

C6UR-a'GEOUS-LY, adi\ With courage 3 bravely 3 bold- 
ly 3 stoutly. 

€6UR-a'GEOUS-NESS, n. Courage 3 boldness 3 bravery 3 
intrepidity 3 spirit 3 valor. 

€dU-RANT', I 71. [Fr. courante.] 1. A piece of music in 

€OU-RaN'TO, ^ triple time 3 also, a kind of dance, con- 
sisting of a time, a step, a balance and a coupee. 2. The 
title of a newspaper. 

COU-RAP/, 71. A distemper in the East Indies 3 a kind of 
herpes or itch in the armpits, groin, breast and face. 

fCOURB, V. i. [Fr. courber.] To bend. 

fCOURB, a. Crooked. 

COUR'BA-RIL, 71. Gum anime, which flows from the Ay- 
mcTura^ a tree of South America 3 used for varnisJiing. 

"''COU^RIkR, 71. [Fr. courier.] A messenger sent express, 
for conveyingJ^ters or dispatches on public business. 

COURSE, n. [i^ course.'] 1. In its general sense, a pass- 
ing 3 a moving, or motion forward, in a direct or curving 
line 3 applicable to any body or substance, solid or fluid. 
— Applied to animals, a running, or walking 3 a race 3 a 
career 3 a passing, or passage . — Applied to fluids, a flow- 
ing, as in a stream in any direction . — Applied to solid bod- 
ies, it signifies motion or passing . — Applied to 7iavigation, 
it signifies a passing or motion on water, or in balloons in 
air 3 a voyage. 2. The direction of motion 5 line of ad- 
vancing 3 point of compass, in which motion is directed. 
— In technical la7iguage, the angle contained between the 
nearest meridian and that point of compass on which a 
ship sails in any direction. 3. Ground on which a race 
is run. 4. A passing or process 3 the progress of any 
tiling. 5. Order of proceeding or of passing from an an- 
cestor to an heir. 6. Order 5 turn 3 class 3 succession of 
one to another in office or duty. 7. Stated and orderly 
method of proceeding 3 usual manner. 8. Series of suc- 
cessive and methodical procedure 3 a train of acts, or ap- 
plications. 9. A methodical series, applied to the arts or 
sciences ,* a systemized order of principles in arts or sci- 
ences, for illustration or instruction. 10. Manner of pro- 
ceeding 3 way of life or conduct 3 deportment 3 series of 
actions. 11. Line of conduct 3 manner of proceeding. 
12. Natural bent 3 propensity 3 uncontrolled will. 13. 
Tilt 3 act of running in the lists. 14. Orderly structure 3 
.system. 15. Any regular series . — In architecture, Vi con- 
tinued range of stones, level or of the same height, 
throughout the whole length of the building, and not in- 
terrupted by any aperture. A laying of bricks, &c. IG. 
The dishes set on table at one time 3 service of meat. 17. 
Regularity 3 order 3 regular succession. 18. Empty form. 
— Of course, by consequence 3 in regular or natural or- 
der 3 in the common manner of proceeding 3 without spe- 
cial directioiiL or provision. 

CqURS'ES, 71. plu. 1. In a ship, the principal sails, as the 
main-sail, fore-sail, and mizzen 3 sometimes the name is 
given to the stay-sails on the lower masts 3 also to the 
inain-stay-sails of all brigs and schooners. 2. Catame- 
nia 3 menstrual flux. 

Course, 75. t. l. To hunt 3 to pursue 3 to chase. 2. To 
cause to run 3 to force to move with speed. 3. To run 
through or over. 

COURSE, V. i. To run 3 to move with speed 3 to run or 
move about 3 as, the blood courses. 

COURSED, p/7. Hunted 5 chased 3 pursued 3 caused to run. 

COURS'ER, 71. 1. A swift horse 3 a runner 3 a war horse 3 
a, tcord used chieflij in poetnj. Dryden. 2. One who 
hunts 3 one who pursues the sport of coursing hares. 3. 
A disputant 3 [not in use.] 

CoURS'EY, 71. Part of the hatches in a galley. 

COURS'ING, ppr. Hunting 3 chasing 3 running 3 flowing 3 
compelling to run. 

COURS'ING, n. The act or sport of chasing and hunting 
hares, foxes or deer. 

COURT, n. [Sax. curt ; Fr. cour ; It., Sp. corte.] 1. A place in 
front of a house, inclosed by a wall or fence 3 in popular lan- 
guage, acourt-yard. 2. Aspace inclosed by houses, broader 
than a street 3 or a space forming a kind of recess from a 
public street. 3. A palace 3 the place of residence of a 
king or sovereign prince. 4. The hall, chamber or place 


where justice is administered. 5. Persons who composa 
the retinue or council of a king or emperor. 6. The per- 
sons or judges assembled for hearing and deciding causes, 
civil, criminal, military, naval or ecclesiastical. 7. Any 
jurisdiction, civil, military or ecclesiastical. 8. The art 
of pleasing 3 the art of insinuation 3 civility 3 flattery 3 ad- 
dress to gain favor. — 9. In Scripture, an inclosed part of 
the entrance into a palace or house. The tabernacle had 
one court ; the temple, three. 10. In the United States, a 
legislature consisting of two houses 3 as the General 
Court of Massachusetts. 11. A session of the legislature. 

€oURT, V. t. 1. In a ge7ieral sense, to flatter 3 to endeavor 
to please by civilities and address. 2. To woo 3 to solicit 
for marriage. 3. To attempt to gain by address 3 to so- 
licit 3 to seek. 

€oURT, V. i. To act the courtier 3 to imitate the manners 
of the court. 

€oURT'-BAR'ON, n. A baron’s court 3 a court incident to 
a manor. 

€6URT'-BRED, a. Bred at court. Churchill. 

€oURT'-BREED-ING, 71. Education at a court. Milton. 

€oURT'-BUB-BLE, n. The trifle of a court. Bcau7no7it. 

€6URT'-CARD. See Coat-card. 

€6URT'-CHAP-LAIN, n. A chaplain to a king or prince. 

CoURT'-CUP'BoARD, 71. The sideboard of ancient days. 

CoURT'-DAY, 71. A day in which a court sits to adminis- 
ter justice. 

CoURT'-DRESS, n. A dress suitable for an appearance at 
court or levee. 

CoURT'-DRESS-ER, n. A flatterer. Locke. 

€oURT'-t^^ ASH-ION, 7i. The fashion of a court. 

€oURT'-f a-VOR, 71. A favor or benefit bestowed by a 
court or prince. L^Esxrange. 

CoURT'-lIAND, 72. The hand or manner of writing used 
in records and judicial proceedings. Shak. 

COURT -HOUSE, n. A house in which established courts 
are held, or a house appropriated to courts and public 
meetings. America. 

€oURT'-LA-DY, n. A lady who attends or is conversant 
in court. 

CoURT'-LEET, 71. A court of record held once a year, in 
a particular hundred, lordship or manor, before the stew- 
ard of the leet. 

CoURT'-MAR'TIAL, 72. A court consisting of military 
or naval officers, for the trial of offenses of a military char- 
acter. 

CoURT'ED, pp. Flattered 3 wooed 3 solicited in marriage 3 
sought. 

*C6URT'E-OUS, (kurt'e-us) a. [Fr. courtois.] 1. Polite 3 
welllned 3 being of elegant manners 3 civil 3 obliging 3 
condescending 3 applied to persons. 2. Polite 3 civil 3 
graceful 3 elegant 3 complaisant ; applied to ma7iners, &cc. 
C6URT'E-OUS-LY, ady. In a courteous manner 3 with 
obliging civility and condescension 3 complaisantly. 

*€6URT'E-OUS-NESS, 72. Civility of manners 3 obliging 
condescension 3 complaisance. 

CoURT'ER, 72. One who courts 3 one who solicits in mar- 
riage. SherTCood. 

C6URT'E-SAN, (kur'te-zan) 72. [Fr. cy 22 rt 2 S 072 e.] A prosti- 
tute 3 a woman who prostitutes herself for hire, especial- 
ly to men of rank. 

C6URT'E-SY, (kurt'e-sy) n. [Fr. courtoisie.] 1. Ele- 
gance or politeness of manners 3 especially politeness 
connected with kindness 3 civility 3 complaisance. 2. 
An act of civility or respect 3 an act of kindness or favor 
performed with politeness. 3. A favor 3 as, to hold upon 
cou7'te.sy . — Te7iure brj courtesy, or curtesy, is where a man 
marries a woman seized of an estate of inheritance, and 
has by her issue born alive, which was capable of inher- 
iting her estate 3 in this case, on the death of his wife, he 
holds the lands for his life, as tenant by courtesy. 

CoURT'E-SY, (kurt sy) 72. The act of civility, respect or 
reverence performed by a woman. 

€6URT'E-SY, (kurt'sy) v. i. To perform an act of civility, 
respect or reverence, as a woman. 

f €oURT'E-SY, V. t. To treat with civility. 

CoURT'IER, (korte'yur) 72. 1 . A man who attends or fre- 
quents the courts of princes. Drydc7i. 2. One who courts 
or solicits the favor of anotl'.er 3 one who flatters to 
please 3 one who possesses the art of gaining favor by ad- 
dress and complaisance. 

t€oURT'IER-Y, 72. The manners of a courtier. 

COUR'TINE. See Curtain. 

CcURTTNG, /7/7r. Flattering 3 attempting to gain by ad- 
dress 3 wooing 3 soliciting in marriage. 

CoURT'LIKE, a. Polite 3 elegant. Carnden. 

CoURT'LI-NESS, 71. Elegance of manners 3 grace of mien 3 
civility 3 complaisance witli dignity. 

CoURT'LTNG, 71. A courtier 3 a retainer to a court. 

CoURT'LY, 0. Relating to a court 3 elegant 3 polite with 
dignity 3 flattering. Pope. 

CoURT'LY, adv. In the manner of courte 3 elegantly 3 in 
a flatterinc manner. 

CoURT'SHiP, 71. 1. The act of soliciting favor. 2. The 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 3— BULL, UNITE.— € as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


cov 


202 


COW 


act of wooing in love ; solicitation of a woman to mar- 
riage. 3. Civility ; elegance of manners ; [obs.] 

COUS IX, (kuz'zn) n. [Fr. coimn.] 1. In a general sense, 
one collaterally related more remotely than a brother or 
sister. 2'. Jippropriately, the son or daughter of an uncle 
or aunt ; the children of brothers and sisters being usually 
denominated cousins or cousin-germans. In the second 
generation, they are called second cousins. 3. A title 
given by a king to a nobleman, particularly to those of the 
council. 

fCOUS'IN, (kuz'zn) a. Allied. Chaucer. 

CoUTH. See Uncouth. 

COU-TEAU', (koo-to') n. [Fr., a knife.] A hanger. 

COVE, n. [Sax. cof, cofe.\ A small inlet, creek or bay ; a 
recess in the sea shore, where vessels and boats may 
sometimes be sheltered from the winds and waves. 

COVE, V. t. To aich over. Swinburne. 

t CoVE<XA-BLE, a. [Old Fr.] Fit ; suitable. Wickliffe. 

COV^E-XANT, n. [Fr. convenant.\ 1. A mutual consent 
or agreement of two or more persons, to do or to forbear 
some act or thing ; a contract 5 stipulation. 2. A writing 
containing the terms of agreement or contract between 
parties, br the clause of agreemoit in a deed containing 
the covenant. — 3. In church affairs, a solemn agreement 
between the members of a church, that they will walk 
together according to the precepts of the gospel, in broth- 
erly affection. 

CoV'E-XANT, u. i. To enter into a formal agreement j to 
stipulate ; to bind one’s self by contract. 

CoV'E-XAXT, V. t. To grant or promise by covenant. 

C6V<E-XANT-ED, pp. Pledged or promised by covenant. 

C6V-E-XAXT-EE', n. The person to whom a covenant is 
made. 

C6VE-XAXT-ER, n. He who makes a covenant. 

C6V'E-XAXT-ING, ppr. Making a covenant ; stipulating. 

CO'VEX-OUS, or Co'VIN-OUS, a. Collusive 3 fraudulent j 
deceitful. Bacon. 

COV’’'EXT, n. [Old Fr. covent, for convent. Covent Garden 
is supposed to mean a garden that belonged to a convent.] 
A convent or monastery. Bale. 

€6V'ER, V. t. [Fr. couvrir.] 1. To overspread the surface 
of a thing with another substance ; to lay or set over. 2. 
To hide ; to conceal by something overspread. 3. To con- 
ceal by some intervening object. 4. To clothe. 5. To 
overwhelm. 6. To conceal from n<^tice or punishment. 

7. To conceal ; to refrain from disclosing or confessing. 

8. To pardon or remit. 9. To vail, 10. To wrap, infold 
or envelop. 11. To shelter; to protect; to defend. 12. 
To brood ; to incubate. 13. To copulate with a female. 

14. To equal, or be of equal extent ; to be equivalent to. 

15. To disguise ; to conceal liypocritically. 16. To in- 
clude, embrace or comprehend. 

eoV'ER, n. 1. Any thing which is laid, set or spread over 
another thing. 2. Any thing which vails or conceals ; a 
screen ; disguise ; superficial appearance. 3. Shelter ; 
defense ; protection. 4. Concealment and protection. 
5. Shelter ; r^reat. 6. A plate laid at dinner. 

t CoV'ER-CHIeF, n. A covering for the head. Chaucer. 

CoV'ER-CLE, 71. [Fr.] A small cover ; a lid. 

CoV'ERED, pp. Spread over ; liid ; concealed ; clothed ; 
vailed ; having a hat on ; wrapped ; inclosed ; sheltered ; 
protected ; disguised. 

CoV'ER-ER, 71. That which covers. 

C6V'ER-IXG, ppr. Spreading over ; laying over; conceal- 
ing; vailing; clothing; wrapping; inclosing ; protect- 
ing ; disguising. 

eoV'ER-IXG, 71. 1. Tliat which covers ; any thing spread 
or laid over another, whether for security or concealment. 
2. A cover; a lid. 3. Clothing; raiment; garments; 
dress. 

C6V'ER-LET, n. [cover, and Fr. ZiC] The cover of a bed ; 
a piece of furniture designed to be spread over all the 
other covering of a bed. 

C6V'ER-SHAME, n. Something used to conceal infamy. 

GoV'ER-SLUT, 71. An appearance to hide sluttishness. 
Burke. 

GoV'ERT, a. [Fr. couvert.l 1. Covered; hid; private ; 
secret ; concealed. 2. Disguised ; insidious. 3. Shelter- 
ed ; not open or exposed. Pope. 4. Under cover, author- 
ity or protection ; as, a feme-covert, a married woman. 

€6V'ERT, 71. 1. A covering, or covering place; a place 
which covers and shelters; a shelter ; a defense. 2. A 
thicket ; a shady place, or a hiding place. 

€6V'ERT-LY, adv. Secretly ; closely ; in private ; insidi- 
ously. 

C6V'ERT-XESS, n. Secrecy ; privacy. 

COV^'ER-TURE, n. 1. Covering ; shelter ; defense. — 2. In 
law, the state of a married woman, who is considered as 
under cover, or the power of her husband, and therefore 
called n fern e-covert, or fcinmc-couvert. 

C6V<ERT-WAY, n. In fortification, a space of ground 
level with the field, on the edge of the ditch, three or four 
fathoms broad, ranging quite round the half moons or 
other works, towards the country. 


CDV'ET, r. t. [Fr. comwiter.] 1. To desire or wish for, 
with eagerness ; to desire earnestly to obtain or possess ; 
in a good sense. 2. To desire inordinately ; to desire 
that which it is unlawful to obtain or possess ; in a bad 
sense. 

CoV'ET, V. i. To have an earnest desire. 1 Tim. vi. 
C6V'ET-A-BLE, a. That may be coveted. 

C6V'ET-ED, pp. Earnestly desired ; greatly wished or 
longed for. 

€6V'ET-IXG, ppr. Earnestly desiring or wishing for ; de- 
siring inordinately to obtain or possess. 

€6V'ET-ING, n. Inordinate desire. Shak. 
CoV^ET-lXG-LY, adv. Eagerly. B. Jonson. 
t CoV'ET-ISE, n. Avarice. Spejiser. 

*C6V'ET-OUS, a. [Fr. convoiteux.] 1. Very desirous; 
eager to obtain ; in a good sense ; as, covetous of wisdom. 
Taijlor. 2. Inordinately desirous ; excessively eager to 
obtain and possess; directed to money or goods, avari- 
cious. 

"*=€6V'ET-OUS-LY, adv. With a strong or inordinate de- 
sire to obtain and possess ; eagerly ; avariciously. 
*€6V'ET-OUS-XEi?S, 77. 1. A strong or inordinate desire 
of obtaining and possessing some supposed good ; usually 
in a bad sense. 2. Strong desire ; eagerness. Shak. 
CoV'EY, 7?. [Fr. cojiwee.] J. A brood or hatch of birds ; an 
old fowl with her brood of young. Hence, a small flock 
or number of fowls together. 2. A company ; a set. 
CoV'IX, 77. In law, a collusive or deceitful agreement be- 
tween two or more to prejudice a third person. 

Co'VING, 77. In building, a term denoting an arch or arched 
projecture, as when houses are built so as to project over 
the ground-plot. 

C6VflX-OUS, a. Deceitful ; collusive ; fraudulent. 

COW, 77.; pin. Cows ; old plu. Kine. [Sax. cu ,• D. koe.'\ The 
female of the bovine genus of animals ; a quadruped with 
cloven hoofs, whose milk furnishes an abundance of food 
and profit to the farmer. — Sea-cow, the manatus, a species 
of the trichechus. 

COW, V. t. To depress with fear ; to sink the spirits or 
courage ; to oppress with habitual timidity. 
COW'-BaXE, 77. A name of the eethusa cynapium. 
COVV'HAGE, ) n. A leguminous plant of the genus dolichos, 
COW'-ITCH, ^ a native of warm climates. 

COW HERD, n. One whose occupation is to tend cows. 
COW'-HOUSE, 77. A house or building in which cows are 
kept or stabled. Mortimer. 

COW'-KEEF-ER, n. One whose business is to keep cows. 
COW'-LEECH, 71. One who professes to heal the diseases 
of cows. 

COW'-LEECH-iXG, n. The act or art of healing the dis- 
tempers of cows. Mortimer. 

COW'-LICK, n. A tuft of hair that appears as if licked by 
a cow. 

COW'-PARS-XEP, 77. A plant of the genus heracleum. 
COW'-PEX, 77. A pen for cows. 

COW'-POX, 77. The vaccine disease. 

COW^-Q,UAKES, 77. Guaking grass, the briza, a genus of 
plants. 

COW'SLTP, ) 77. A plant of the genus primula, or prim- 
COW’S-LIP, i rose, of several varieties. 
COW’S'-LUNG-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus verbas- 
cum. 

COW'-WEED, 77. A plant of the genus charcphyllum, or 
chervil. 

COW'-WHEAT, 77. A plant of the genus melampyrum. 
COW'ARD, 77. [Fr. couard.'] 1 . A person who wants cour- 
age to meet danger ; a poltroon ; a timid or pusillanimous 
man. — 2. In heraldry, a term given to a lion borne in the 
escutcheon with his tail doubled between his legs. 
COW'ARD, a. 1. Destitute of courage ; timid ; base. 2. 

Proceeding from or expressive of fear, or timidity. Shak. 
t COW'ARD, V. t. To make timorous or cowardly. 
COW'ARD-lCE, 77. [Fr. couardise.'] Want of courage to face 
danger; timidity; pusillanimity; fear of exposing one’s 
person to danger. 

fCOW'ARD-iZE, V. t. To render covmrdly. Scott. 
COW'ARD-LIKE, a. Resembling a coward ; mean. 
COW'ARD-LI-NESS, n. Want of courage ; timidity ; cow- 
ardice. 

COW'ARD-LY, a. 1. Wanting courage to face danger ; 
timid ; timorous ; fearful ; pusillanimous. 2. Mean ; 
base ; befitting a coward. 3. Proceeding from fear of 
danger. 

COW'ARD-LY, adv. In the manner of a coward ; meanly; 
basely. 

fCOW'ARD-OUS, a. Cowardly. Bari'ct. 
tCOW'ARD-SHIP, 77. Cowardice. Shak. 

COW'ER, V. i. [W. cicrian.] To sink by bending the 
knees ; to crouch ; to squat ; to stoop or sink downwards, 
t COW'ER, V. t. To cherish with care. Spenser. 

COW'ISH, a. Timorous ; fearful ; cowardly. [Little used.] 
COWL, 77. [Sax. cugle, cugele.] 1. A monk’s hood or 
habit. 2. A vessel to be carried on a pole betwixt two 
persons, for the conveyance of water. 


* See Synopsis, a, K, I, 0, U, Y, Zo77g.— F.^iR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;—PIX, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


CRA 


203 


CRA 


COWL'-STAFF, n. A staff or pole on which a vessel is 
supported between two persons. 

€OWLED, a. Wearing a cowl j hooded j in shape of a 
cowl. 

COW'LTKE, a. Resembling a cow. Pope. 

£;0_W6RK'ER, 11 . One that works with another j a co-op- 
erator. 

COW'RY, 11 . A small shell, the cyprma inoneta. 

COX'GoMB, 7^. [coclPs coml'.l 1. The top of tlie head. 2. 
The comb resembling that of a cock, wliicli licensed 
fools wore formerly in their caps. 3. A fop ; a vain, 
showy fellow ; a superficial pretender to knowledge or 
accomplishments. 4. A kind of red flower ; a name 
given to a species of celosia, and some other plants. 

f COX'CoMB-LY, a. Like a coxcomb. Beaumont. 

€OX'€oMB-RY, n. Foppishness. Lady JV. Montague. 

€OX-COM'I-€AL, a. Foppish j vain; conceited; alow 
word. 

€OY, a. [Fr. coi, or coy.] Modest ; silent ; reserved ; not 
' accessible ; shy ; not easily condescending to familiar- 
ity. 

€OY, V. i. 1. To behave with reserve ; to be silent or dis- 
tant ; to refrain from speech or free intercourse. 2. To 
make difficulty ; to be backward or unwilling ; not free- 
ly to condescend. 3. To smooth or stroke. 

f GOY, for decoy ^ to allure. Shak. 

GOY'ISH, a. Somewhat coy, or reserved. 

€OY'LY, adv. With reserve; with disinclination to famil- 
iarity. 

GOY'NESS, 11 . Reserve ; unwillingness to become famil- 
iar ; disposition to avoid free intercoui-se, by silence or 
retirement. 

GOYS'TREL, n. A species of degenerate hawk. 

C6Z. A contraction of cousin. Shah. 

GoZ'EN, (kuz'n) v. t. [qu. Arm. cougzyein, couchiein, con- 
cheta.] 1. To cheat; to defraud. 2. To deceive ; to be- 
guile. 

€oZ'EN-A6E, n. Cheat ; trick ; fraud ; deceit ; artifice ; 
the practice of cheating. Dryden. 

CoZ'ENED, pp. Cheated ; defrauded ; beguiled. 

€6Z'EN-ER, n. One who cheats, or defrauds. 

€6Z'EN-ING, ppr. Cheating ; defrauding ; beguiling. 

CO ZIER. Sec Cosier. 

CRAB, 71 . [Sax. c?-aWa.] 1. A crustaceous fish, the cray- 
fish, cancer., a genus containing numerous species. 2. A 
wild apple, or the tree producing it ; so named from its 
rougli taste. 3. A peevish, morose person. 4. A wooden 
encine witn three claws for launching ships and heaving 
thein into the dock. 5. A pillar used sometimes for the 
same purpose as a capstan. 6. Cancer, a sign in the zo- 
diac. — Crab-lice, small insects that stick fast to the skin. 

CRAB, a. Sour ; rough ; austere. 

CRAB'-AP-PLE, 11 . A wild apple. 

CRAB'-GRASS, n. A genus of plants, the digitaria. 

CRAB'-TREE, n. The tree that bears crabs. Shak. 

CR AB'-YAWS, 71. The name of a disease in the West In- 
dies. 

CRAB'BED, a. 1. Rough ; harsh ; austere; sour; peevish; 
morose ; cynical ; applied to the temper. Shak. 2. Rough ; 
harsh ; applied to things. 3. Difficult ; perplexing. 

CRAB'BED-LY, adv. Peevishly ; roughly ; morosely. 

CRAB'BED-N ESS, 77. 1. Roughness; harshness. 2. Sour- 
ness; peevishness; asperity. 3. Difficulty; perplexity. 

CRAB'BY, a Difficult. Moxon. 

CRAB'ER, 77. The water-rat. Walton. 

CRAB’S'-EyES, 11 . Whitish bodies produced by the com- 
mon craw-fish, and used in medicine. 

CRACK, V. t. [Fr. craquer ; D. kraaken.] 1. To rend, 
break or burst into chinks ; to break partially ; to divide 
the parts a little from each other. 2. To break in pieces. 
3. To break with grief ; to affect deeply ; to pain ; to tor- 
ture. 4. 7’o open and drink ; [Zo7c.] 5. To thrust out, 

or cast with smartness. G. To snap ; to make a sharp, 
sudden noise. 7. To break or destroy. 8. To impair 
the regular exercise of the intellectual faculties ; to disor- 
der ; to make crazy. 

CRACK, V. i. 1. To burst; to open in chinks; as, the 
earth cracks by frost ; or to be marred without an open- 
ing. 2. To fall to ruin, or to be impaired ; [not eleo-ant.] 
Dryden. 3. To utter a loud or sharp, sudden sound. 4. 
To boast ; to brag ; that is, to utter vain, pompous, blus- 
tering words ; with of ^ [not elegant.] Shak. 

CRACK, 77 . [Gr. Qayag.] 1. A disruption; a chink or fis- 
sure ; a narrow breach ; a crevice ; a partial separation of 
the parts of a substance, with or without an opening. 2. 
A burst of sound ; a sharp or loud sound, uttered sudden- 
ly or with vehemence ; the sound of any thing suddenly 
rent ; a violent report. 3. Change of voice in puberty. 
Shak. 4. Craziness of intellect ; or a crazy person. 5. 
A boast, or boaster ; [Zoio.] 6. Breach of chastity ; and a 
prostitute ; [low.] 7. A lad ; an instant ; [not used.] 

CRACK'-BRAINED, a. Having intellects impaired ; crazy. 

CRACKED, pp. 1. Burst or split ; rent ; broken ; partially 
severed. 2. Impaired ; crazy. 


CRACK'ER, n. 1. A noisy, boasting fellow. Shak. 2/ A 
rocket ; a quantity of gunpowder confined so as to ex- 
plode with noise. 3. A hard biscuit. Ainci'ica. 4. That 
which cracks any thing. 

CRAC’v'-IlEMP, or CR ACK'-ROPE, n. A wretch fated to 
the gallows ; one who deserves to be hanged. 

CRACKLING, ppr. Breaking or dividing jiartially ; open- 
ing ; impairing ; snapping ; uttering a sudden, sharp or 
loud sound ; boasting ; casting jokes. 

CRAC'KLE, r. 7. [dim. of cracA'.] To make slight cracks ; 
to make small, abrupt noises, rapidly or frequently re- 
peated ; to decrepitate. 

CRACK^LING, ppr. Making slight cracks, or abrupt noises, 

CRACK'LING, n. The making of small, abrupt cracks or 
reports, frequently repeated. 

CRACK'NEL, n. A hard, brittle cake or biscuit. 1 Kings, 
xiv. 3. 

CRA'DIiE, 77. [Sax. cradel.] 1. A mi vable machine, of va- 
rious constructions, placed on circular pieces of board, for 
rocking children. 2. Infancy. — P'rom the cradle, is from 
the state of infancy. 3. That part of the stock of a cross- 
bow, where the bullet is put. — 4. In surgery, a case in 
which a broken leg is laid, after being set. — 5. In ship- 
building, a frame placed under the bottom of a ship for 
launching. G. A standing bedstead for wounded seamen. 
— 7. In engraving, an instrument, formed of steel, and re- 
sembling a chisel, with one sloping side, used in scraping 
mezzotintos, and preparing the plate. Plncyc . — 8. Jn hus- 
bandry, a frame of wood, with long, bending teeth, to 
which is fastened a sythe, for cutting and laying oats and 
other grain in a swath. 

CRa'DLE, V. t. 1. To lay in a cradle ; to rock in a cradle ; 
to compose, or quiet. 2. To nurse in infancy. 3. To cut 
and lay with a cradle, as grain. 

CRa'DLE, V. i. To lie or lodge in a cradle. 

CRA'DLE-CLoTHE.^, n. The clothes used for covering 
one in a cradle. 

CRa'DLED, pp. Laid or rocked in a cradle ; cut and laid 
with a cradle, as grain. 

CR a'DLING, pp7’. Laying or rocking in a cradle; cutting 
and laying with a cradie, as grain. 

CRAFT, 77. [Sax. cTff/r.] 1. Art; ability; dexterity; skill. 
2. Cunning, art or skill, in a bad sense, or applied to bad 
purposes ; artifice ; guile ; skill or dexterity employed to 
effect purposes by deceit. 3. Art ; skill ; dexterity in a 
particular manual occupation ; hence, the occupation or 
employment itself ; manual art ; trade. 4. All sorts of 
vessels employed in loading or unloading ships, as light- 
ers, hoys, barges, scows, &c. — Small craft is a term given 
to small vessels of all kinds, as sloops, schooners, cutters, 
&c. 

t CRAFT, V. i. To play tricks. Shak. 

CRAFT'I-LY, adv. With craft, cunning or guile ; artfully ; 
cunningly ; with more art than honesty. 

CRAFT'I-NESS, n. Artfulness ; dexterity in devising and 
effecting a purpose ; cunning ; artifice ; stratagem. 

CRAFTS'MAN, 7i. An artificer; a mechanic; one skilled 
in a manual occupation. 

CRAFTS'MAS-TER, n. One skilled in his crafl or trade. 

CRAFT'Y, a. 1. Cunning ; artful; skilful in devising and 
pursuing a scheme, by deceiving others, or by taking ad- 
vantage of their ignorance ; wily ; sly ; fraudulent. 2. 
Artful ; cunning ; in a good sense, or in a laudable pur- 
suit. 

CRAG, 77. [W., Scot., Ir. craig ; Gaelic, creag.] A steep, 
rugged rock ; a rough, broken rock, or point of a rock. 

CRAG, 77. [Sax. hracca.] The neck ; formerly applied to the 
neck of a human being, as in Spenser. We now apply it 
to the neck or neck-piece of mutton, and call it a rack of 
mutton. 

CRAG'GED, a. Full of crags or broken rocks ; rough ; rug- 
ged ; abounding with prominences, points and inequali- 
ties. 

CRAG'GED-NESS, n. The state of abounding with crags, 
or broken, pointed rocks. 

CRAG'GI-NESS, n. The state of being craggy. 

CRAG'GY, a. Full of crags ; abounding with broken rocks ; 
rugged with projecting points of rocks. 

CRAKE, 72. A boast. Spenser, See Crack. 

CRAKE, n. [qu. Gr. The corn-crake, a migratory 

fowl, is a species of the rail, rallus. 

CRaK'ER, 77. A boaster. Huloet. 

CRaKE'-BER-RY, 77. A species of empetrum, or berry-bear- 
ing heath. 

CRAM, t. [Sax. cra777777707?.] 1. To press or drive, partic- 
ularly in filling or thrusting one thing into another ; to 
stuff ; to crowd ; to fill to superlluity. 2. To nil with food 
beyond satiety ; to stuff. 3. To thrust in by force ; to 
crowd. 

CRAM, V. i. To eat greedily or beyond satiety ; to stuff. 

CRAM'BO, 72. A rhyme ; a play in which one person gives 
a word, to which another finds a rhyme. 

CRAMMED, pp. Stuffed; crowded; thrust in; filled with 
' food. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BULL, UNITE. — C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


CRA 


204 


CRA 


CRAM'MING, ppr. Driving in ; stuffing ; crowding j eating 
beyond satiety ot sufficiency. 

CRAMP, n. [Sax. hramma ^ D. kramp.] 1. Spasm; the 
contraction of a limb, or some muscle of the body, attend- 
ed with pain, and sometimes with convulsions, or numb- 
ness. 2. Restraint ; confinement ; that which hinders 
from motion or expansion. 3. [Fr. crampon.] A piece of 
iron bent at the ends, serving to hold together pieces of 
timber, stones, &c. ; a cramp-iron. 

CRAMP, V. t. 1. To pain or alfect with spasms. 2. To con- 
fine ; to restrain ; to hinder from action or expansion. 
3. To fasten, confine or hold with a cramp or cramp- 
iron. 

€’<RAMP, ff. Difficult ; knotty. [Little used.] 

CRAMPED, pp. Affected with spasm ; convulsed ; confin- 
ed ; restrained. 

CRAMP'-FISH, n. The torpedo, or electric ray, the touch 
of which affects a person like electricity, causing a slight 
shock, and producing numbness, tremor, and sickness of 
the stomach. 

CRAMP^ING, ppr. Affecting with cramp ; confining. 

CRAMP'-lRON, 71. An iron used for fastening things to- 
geth.er ; a cramp, which see. 

CRa'NAGE, 71. [Low L. craiiagium.] The liberty of using 
a crane at a wharf for raising wares from a vessel ; also, 
the money or price paid for tlie use of a crane. 

CR AN'BER-RY, n. [crane and berry.] A species of vaccini- 
um ; a berry that grows on a slender, bending stalk ; also 
called moss-berry, or moor-berry, as it grows only on 
peat-bogs or swampy land. The berry, when ripe, 
is red, and of the size of a small cherry, or of the haw. 
It forms a sauce of exquisite flavor, and is used for 
tarts. 

CRANCH. See Eraunch. 

ERANE, 71. [Sax. cran.] 1. A migratory fowl of the genus 
ardea, belonging to the grallic order. 2. A machine for 
raising great tveights. 3. A siphon, or crooked pipe for 
drawing liquors out of a cask. 

ERANE’S^-BILL, n. 1. The plant geranium, of many spe- 
cies. 2. A pair of pincers used by surgeons. 

ERAN’E'-FLY, n. An insect of the genus tip ala. 

ERAN-T-OG'NO-MY, 7J. [Gr. Kpavtov and yvwpa.] The 
knowledge of the cranium or skull ; the science of the ex- 
pression of human temper, disposition and talents. 

'ERAN-I-OG^NO-M Y, n. [Gr. Kpavtov and yvo)pu)v.] The 
science of determining the properties or characteristics of 
the mind by the conformation of the skull. 

ERAN-I-O-LOG'I-EAL, a. Pertaining to craniology. 

ERAN-I-OL'O-GiST, 7i. One who treats of craniology, or 
one who is versed in the science of the cranium. 

ERAN-I-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. Kpavtov and \oyos.] A discourse 
or treatise on the cranium or skull ; or the science wdiich 
investigates the structure and uses of the skulls in various 
animals, particularly in relation to their specific character 
and intellectual powers. Ed. Encyc. 

ERAN-I-OIM/E-TER, 71. [Gr. Kpavtov and perpov.] An in- 
strument for measuring the skulls of animals. 

ERAN-I-O-MET'Rl-EAL, a. Pertaining to craniometry. 

ERAN-I-OM'E-TRY, 71. The art of measuring the cranium, 
or the skulls, of animals, for discovering their specific dif- 
ferences. 

ERAN-I-OS'EO-PY, n. [Gr. Koaviov and trtcoTretx).] The sci- 
ence of the eminences produced in the cranium by the 
brain. 

ERa'NI-UM, 71. [L.] The skull of an animal ; the assem- 
blage of bones which inclose the brain. 

ERANK, . 71. kronkel.] 1. Literally, a bend or turn. 
Hence, an iron axis, wuth the end bent like an elbow, for 
moving a piston, the saw in a saw-mill, &c., and causing 
it to rise and fall at every turn. 2. Any bend, turn or 
winding. 3. A twisting or turning in speech. 4. An 
iron brace for various purposes. 

ERANK, a. [D. krank.] 1. In seaiTieu’s liable to 

be overset, as a ship when she is too narrow, or has not 
sufficient ballast to carry full sail. 2. Stout ; bold ; erect. 
Spenser. 

ERANK, ) V. i. To run in a winding course ; to bend, 

ERAN'KLE, \ wind and turn. 

ERAN'KLE, v. t. To break into bends, turns or angles ; to 
crinkle. 

ERAN'KLE, n. A bend or turn ; a crinkle. 

ERAN'KLES, n. Angular prominences. 

ERANK'NESS, 7i. 1. Liability to be overset, as a ship. 2. 
Stoutness ; erectness. 

ERANK'Y, a. The same as crank. 

ERAN'NIED, a. Having rents, chinks or fissures ; as, a 
crannied wall. Shak. 

ERAN'NY, 71. [Fr. cran.] 1. Properly, a rent ; but com- 
monly, any small, narrow opening, fissure, crevice or 
chink, as in a wall, or other substance. 2. A hole ; a se- 
cret, retired place. — 3. In glass-making, an iron instru- 
jnent for forming the necks of glasses. 

ERAN'NY, o. Pleasant; agreeable; praiseworthy. Bailey. 


ERANTS, 71. [G. kram.] Garlands canied before the bier 
of a maiden and hung over her grave. 

ERAPE, V. [Fr. ertpe.] A thin, transparent stuff, made of 
raw silk gummed and twisted on the mill, woven with- 
out crossing, and much used in mourning. 

ERAPE, V. t. To curl ; to form into ringlets. 

ERAP'LE, n. [W. crau.J A claw. Spenser. 

ERAP'NEL, 71. A hook or drag. Q,u. grapnel. 

ERAP'U-LA, 71. [L.] A surieit or sickness by intemper- 
ance. 

ERAP'U-LENEE, n. [L. crapula.] Eropsickness ; drunk- 
enness ; a surfeit, or the sickness occasioned by intemper- 
ance. 

ERAP'U-LOUS, a. Drunk ; surcharged with liquor ; sick by 
intemperance. Diet. 

ERASE. See Graze. 

ERASH, V. t. [Fr. ecraser.] To break ; to bruise. 

ERASH, V. i. To make the loud, clattering, multifarious 
sound of many things falling and breaking at once. 

ERASH, n. The loud, mingled sound of many things fall- 
ing and breaking at once, as the sound of a large tree fall- 
ing, and its branches breaking, or the sound of a falling 
house. 

ERASH'ING, n. The sound of many things falling and 
breaking at once. 

ERa'SIS, 71. [Gr. Kpaatg.] 1. The temper or healthy con- 
stitution of the blood in an animal body ; the tempera- 
ment which forms a particular constitution of the blood. — 
2. In grammar, a figure by which two difterent letters 
are contracted into one long letter or into a diph- 
thong. 

GRASS, a. [L. CT-o-^iSus.] Gross; thick; coarse; not thin, 
nor fine. [Little used.] 

ERASS'A-MENT, n. The thick, red part of the blood, as 
distinct from the serum, or aqueous part ; the clot. 

ERASS^I-MENT,7t. Thickness. Smith. 

ERASS'I-TUDE, 7i. ['L.crassitudo.] Grossness; coarseness; 
thickness. Bacon. 

ERASS'NESS, n. Grossness. Glanville. 

ERAS-TI-Na'TION, 71. [L. eras.] Delay. Diet. 

ERATCH, 71. [Vt. creche.] A rack; a grated crib or man- 
ger. 

ERATGII. See Scratch. 

ERATCII'ES, n. phi. [G. kratie.] In the manege, a swell- 
ing on the pastern, under the fetlock of a horse. 

GRATE, n. [L. crates.] A kind of basket or hamper of 
wicker-work, used for the transportation of china, crock- 
ery and similar wares. 

ERa'TER, 71. [L. crater.] 1. The aperture or mouth of a 
volcano. 2. A constellation of the southern hemisphere, 
said to contain 31 stars. 

ERaUNCH,?;. t. [D. schranssen.] To crush with the teeth; 
to chew with violence and noise. 

ERAUNCH'ING, ppr. Crushing with the teeth with vio- 
lence. 

ERA-VAT', n. [Fr. cravate.] A neck-cloth ; a piece of fine 
muslin or other cloth worn by men about the neck. 

GRAVE, V. t. [Sax. crafian.] 1. To ask with earnestness 
or importunity ; to beseech ; to implore ; to ask with sub- 
mission or humility, as a dependent ; to beg ; to entreat. 
2. To call for, as a gratification ; to long for ; to require 
or demand, as a passion or appetite. 3. Sometimes intran- 
sitively, with /or before the thing sought. 

ERaVED, pp. Asked for with earnestness ; implored ; en- 
treated ; longed for ; required. 

ERa'VExN, era 'VENT, or ERA'VANT, ti. 1. A word of 
obloquy, used formerly by one vanquished in trial by bat- 
tle, and yielding to the conqueror. Hence, a recreant ; a 
coward ; a weak-hearted, spiritless fellow. 2. A van- 
quished, dispirited cock. 

ERa'VEN, V. t. To make recreant, weak or cowardly. 

ERaV'ER, 71. One who craves or begs. 

ERaV'ING, ppr. 1. Asking with importunity ; urging for 
earnestly ; begging ; entreating. 2. Calling for with ur- 
gency ; requiring ; demanding gratification. 

ER A V'lNG, n. Vehement or urgent desire, or calling for ; a 
longing for. 

ERaV'ING-NESS, n. The state of craving. 

ERAW, n. [Dan. kroe.] The crop or first stomach of fowls. 

ERAW-FISH, or ERAY-FISH, n. A species of cancer, or 
crab, a crustaceous fish. 

CRAWL, V. i. [D. krielen j Scot, crowl.] 1. To creep; to 
move slowly by thrusting or drawing the body along the 
ground, as a worm ; or to move slowly on the hands and 
knees. 2. To move or walk weakly, slowly, or timorous- 
ly. 3. To creep ; to advance slowly and slyly ; to insin- 
uate one’s self. 4. To move about ; to move in any di- 
rection ; used in contempt. 5. To have the sensation of 
insects creeping about the body. 

CRAWL, 71. A pen or inclosure of stakes and hurdles on 
tile sea coast for containing fish. 

ERAWL'ER, 71. He or that which crawls ; a creeper ; a 
reptile. 

ERAWL'ING, ppr. Creeping ; moving slowly along the 


* See Synopsis. A, K, I, O, D, Y, long.— TAB, FALL, WHAT PREY ;—HN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 


CRE 


205 


ground, or other substance ; moving or walking slowly, 
weakly or timorously ; insinuating. 

jcR ^Y'ER I ^ vessel. 

CRaY'-FISH, 71 . The river lobster. See Craw-fish. 

CRaY'OX, n. [Fr.] 1. A general name for all colored 

stones, earths, or otlier minerals and substances, used in 
designing or painting in pastel or paste. 2. A kind of 
pencil, or roll of paste, to draw lines with. 3. A drawing 
or design done with a pencil or crayon. 

CRaY'ON, V. t. 1. To sketch with a crayon. Hence, 2. To 
sketch ; to plan ; to commit to paper one’s first thoughts. 

CRaY'ON-PAINT'ING, 71. The act or art of drawing with 


crayons. 

CRAZE, V. t. [Fr. ccrascr.] 1. To break ; to weaken ; to 
break or impair the natural force or energy of. 2. To 
crush in pieces ; to grind to powder. 3. To crack the 
brain ; to shatter ; to impair the intellect. 

CRAZED, pp. Broken ; bruised ; crushed j impaired; de- 
ranged in intellect ; decrepit. 

CRa'ZED-NESS, n. A broken state ; decrepitude ; an im- 
paired state of the intellect. Hooker. 

CRaZE'-MILL, or CRAZ'ING-MILL, 7i. A mill resem- 
bling a grist-mill, used for grinding tin. 

CRA'Zl-LY, adv. In a broken or crazy manner. 

CRa'ZI-NESS, n. 1. The state of being broken or weaken- 
ed. 2. The state of being broken in mind; imbecility or 
weakness of intellect ; derangement. 

CRa'ZY, a. [Fr. ecrase.] 1. Broken; decrepit; weak; 
feeble. 2. Broken, weakened, or disordered in intellect ; 
deranged, weakened, or shattered in mind. We say, the 
man is crazy, 

fCREAGHT, 71. [Irish.] Herds of cattle. Davies. 

fCREAGHT, V. i. To graze on lands. Davies. 

CReAK, V. i. [W. crecian.] To n»ike a sliarp, liareli, grat- 
ing sound, of some continuance, as by the friction of hard 
substances. 

CReAK'ING, ppr. Making a harsh, grating sound. 

CReAK'ING, 71. A harsh, grating sound. 

CReAM, 71. [Fr. crime.] 1. The oily part of milk, which, 
when the milk stands unagitated in a cool place, rises and 
forms a scum on the surface. 2. The best part of a thing. 
— Cream of lime ^ the scum of lime-water. — Cream of tar- 
tar , the scum of a boiling solution of tartar. 

CReAM, v.t. ]. To skim ; to take off cream by skimming. 
2._To take off the quintessence or best part of a thing. 

CReAM, V. i. 1. To gather cream; to flower or mantle. 
2._To grow stilT, or formal. 

CReAM'-BoWL, 71. A bowl for holding cream. 

CReAM'-FaCED, a. White ; pale ; having a coward look. 

CReAM'-POT, 71. A vessel for holding cream. 

CReAM'Y, a. Full of cream ; like cream ; having the na- 
tuje of cream ; luscious. 

CRe'ANCE, 77. [Fr.] In falconry, a fine, small line, fast- 
ened to a hawk’s leash, when she is first lured. 

CReASE, n. [qu. G. krduseii.] A line or mark made by 
folding or doubling any thing ; a hollow streak, like a 
groove. 

CReASE, V. t. To make a crease or mark in a thing by 
finding or doubling. 

CRe'AT, n. [Fr.] In the ma7iege, an usher to a riding 
master. 

CRE-aTE', V. t. [Fr. creer ; L. creo.] 1. To produce; to 
bring into being from nothing ; to cause to exist. 2. To 
make or form, by investing with a new character. 3. To 
produce ; to cause ; to be the occasion of. 4. To beget ; 
to generate ; to bring forth. 5. To make or produce, by 
new combinations of matter already created, and by in- 
vesting these combinations with new forms, constitutions 
and qualities ; to shape and organize. 6. To form anew ; 
to change the state or character ; to renew. 

CRE-aTE', a. Begotten ; composed ; made up. Shak. 

CRE-aT'ED, pp. Formed from nothing ; caused to exist ; 
produced ; generated ; invested witli a new character ; 
formed into new combinations, with a peculiar shape, 
constitution and properties ; renewed. 

CRE-aT'ING, ppr. Forming from notlvng ; originating ; 
producing ; giving a new character ; constituting new be- 
ings from matter by shaping, organizing and investing 
with new properties ; forming anew. 

€RE-a'TION, 71. 1. The act of creating ; th« act of causing 
to exist ; and especially, the act of bringing this world in- 
to existence. Rom. i. 2. The act of making, by new com- 
binations of matter, invested with new forms and proper- 
ties, and of subjecting to different laws ; the act of shap- 
ing and organizing. 3. The act of investing with a new 
character. 4. The act of producing. 5. The things cre- 
ated ; creatures ; the world ; the universe. G. Any part 
of tlie things created. 7. Any thing produced or caused 
to exist. 

€RE-a'TIVE, a. Having the power to create, or exerting 
the act of creation. 

€RE-a'TOR, 77. [L.] 1. The being or person that creates. 

2. The thing that creates, produces or causes. 


CRE 

€RE-A'TRESS, n. A female that creates any thing. 

€ReAT'UR-AL, a. Belonging to a creature; having the 
qualities of a creature. 

CReAT'URE, 71, [Fr.] 1. That which is created ; every 
being besides the Creator, or every thing noi self-existent 
— 2. In a restricted sc7ise, an animal of any kind ; a living 
being ; a beast. — In a wiorc restricted sense, man. 3. A 
human being, in contempt. 4. With words of endear- 
ment, it denotes a human being beloved. 5. That which 
is produced, formed or imagined. 6. A person who owes 
liis rise and fortune to another ; one who is made to be 
what he is. 7. A dependent ; a person who is subject to 
the will or influence of another. 

CReAT'URE-LY, a. Having the qualities of a creature. 

CReAT URE-SHIP, 71. The state of a creature. Cave. 

t €REB'RI-TUDE, 77. [Tu. creber.] Frequency. Diet. 

j CREB'ROUS, a. Frequent. Diet. 

CRe'DENCE, 77. \\i. cr edema.] 1. Belief; credit; reliance 
of the mind on evidence of facts derived from other sources 
than personal knowledge, as from the testimony of others. 
2. That which gives a claim to credit, belief or confi- 

d 0D CG • 

f€RE DENCE, V. t. To believe. Skelton. 

€RE-DEN'DA, 77. [L.] In theology, things to be believed ; 
articles of faith ; distinguished from agC7ida, or practical 
duties. 

CRe'DENT, fl. 1. Believing; giving credit ; easy of belief. 
2. Having credit ; not to be questioned ; [rarely used.] 
Shak. 

€RE-DEN'TIAL, a. Giving a title to credit. 

CRE-DEN'TIALS, 77. phi. [Rarely or ziever used in the sin- 
g7ilar.] That which gives" credit ; that which gives a title 
or claim to confidence ; the warrant on which belief, 
credit or authority is claimed among strangers. 

€RED-I-BIL'I-TY, 77. [Ft. credibilite.] Credibleness ; the 
quality or state of a thing which renders it possible to be 
believed, or which admits belief, on rational principles ; 
the quality or state of a thing which involves no contra- 
diction, or absurdity. Credibility is less than certabity, 
and greater than possibility ; indeed it is less than proZ?a- 
bility, but is nearly allied to it. 

€RED'I-BLE, a. [L. credibilis.] 1. That may be believed ; 
worthy of credit. 2. Worthy of belief ; having a claim to 
credit ; applied to persons. 

CREb'I-BLE-NESS, n. Credibility ; worthiness of belief ; 
just claim to credit. 

€RED'I-BLY, adv. In a manner that deserves belief ; with 
good authority to support belief. 

CRED'IT, 77. [Fr. credit.] 1. Belief; faith ; a reliance or 
resting of the mind on the truth of somePhing said or done. 
2. Reputation derived from the confidence of others. 
Esteem ; estimation ; good opinion founded on a belief of 
a man’s veracity, integrity, abilities and virtue. 3. Honor ; 
reputation ; estimation ; applied to mc7i or thhigs. 4. That 
which procures or is entitled to belief ; testimony ; au- 
tiiority derived from one’s character, or from the confi- 
dence of others. 5. Influence derived from the reputation 
of veracity or integrity, or from the good opinion or confi- 
dence of others ; interest ; power derived from weight of 
character, from friendship, fidelity or other cause. — 6. In 
commerce, trust ; transfer of goods in confidence of future 
payment. 7. The capacity of being trusted ; or the repu- 
tation of solvency and probity, which entitles a man to be 
trusted. — 8. In book-keeping, the side of an account in 
which payment is entered ; opposed to debit. — 9. Public 
credit, the confidence which men entertain in the ability 
and disposition of a nation to make good its engagements 
witli its creditors. 10. The notes or bills which are issued 
by the public, or by corporations or individuals, are some- 
times called hills of credit. II. The time given for pay- 
ment for lands or goods sold on trust. 12. A sum of mon- 
ey due to any person ; any thing valuable standing on the 
creditor side of an account. 

GRED'IT, v.t. 1. To believe; to confide in the truth of. 
2. To irust ; to sell or loan in confidence of future pay- 
ment. 3. To procure credit or honor ; to do credit ; to 
give reputation or honor. 4. To enter upon the credit 
side of an account. .5. To set to the credit of. 

GREDTT-A-BLE, a. Reputable ; that may be enjoyed or 
exercised witn reputation or esteem ; estimable. 

€RED'IT-A-BLE-NESS, 77 . Reputation ; estimation. 

€RED'IT-A-BI.Y, adv. Reputably; with credit; without 
disgrace. 

€RED'IT-ED, pp. Believed ; trusted ; passed to the credit, 
or entered on the credit side of an account. 

€RED'IT-ING, ppr. Believing ; trusting ; entering to the 
credit in account. 

GRED^TT-OR. 77. [L.] 1. A person to whom a sum of money 
or other thing is due, by obligation, promise, or in law ; 
properly, one who gives credit in commerce ; but in a 
gc7ieral sense, one who has a just claim for money ; cor- 
relative to debtor. 2. One who believes ; [not Tised.] , 

€RED'I-TRIX, 77. A female creditor. 

GRE-Du'LI-TY, n. [Fr. creduliti ,* L. credulitas.] Easi 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE ; — BULL, UNITE. — € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


CRI 


CRE 


ao6 


tte^s of belief j a weakness of mind by which a person is 
dispi sed to believe, or yield his assent to a declaration or 
{Proposition, without sufficient evi ^cnce of the truth of 
wiiat is said or proposed j a disposition to believe on slight 
evidenr^ or no evidence at all. 

€REl)'L-LOUS, a. [L. credulus.'] Apt to believe without 
sufficient evidence j unsuspecting ; easily deceived. 

€RED'U-EOUS-LY, adv. In an unsuspecting manner. 
O-mlmaiu 

CRED'U-LOUS-NESS, n. Credulity; easiness of belief; 
readiness to believe without sufficient evidence. 

Creed, n. \ W. credo ; Sax. creda.] .1. A brief summary 
of the articles of Christian faith ; a symbol. 2. That 
which is believed ; any system of principles wliicli are 
believed or professed. 

CREEK, V. t. To make a harsh, sharp noise. S/m/c. 

^ CREEK, (krik) n. [Sax. crecca ,• D. hreek.^ 1. A small 
inlet, bay or cove ; a recess in the shore of the sea, or of a 
river. 2. Any turn or winding. 3. A prominence or jut 
in a winding coast. — 4. In some of the American states^ a 
small river. 

♦CREEK'Y, (krik'y) a. Containing creeks ; full of creeks; 
winding. Spenser, 

CREEL, n. An osier basket. Brockett, JSTorth of England. 

CREEP, -y. i. ; pret. and pp. crept. [Sax. creopan, crypan.] 

1. To move with the belly on the ground, or the surface 
of any other body, fis a worm or serpent without legs, or 
as many insects with feet and very short legs ; to crawl. 

2. To move along the ground, or on the surface of any 
other body, in growth, as a vine ; to grow along. 3. To 
move slowly, feebly or timorously ; ,as an old or infirm 
man, wlio creeps about Iiis chamber. 4. To move slowly 
and insensibiy, as time. 5. To move secretly ; to move 
«o as to escape detection, or prevent suspicion. G. To 
steal in ; to move forward unheard and unseen ; to come 
or enter unexpectedly or unobserved. 7. To move or be- 
have with servility ; to fawn. 

CREEP'ER, n. 1. One who creeps ; that which creeps ; a 
reptile ; also, a creeping plant, which moves along the 
surface of the earth, or attaches itself to some oilier body, 
as ivy. 2. An iron used to slide along the grate in kitch- 
ens. 3. A kind of patten or clog worn by women. 4. 
Creeper or creepers^ an instrument of iron with hooks or 
claws, for drawing up things from the bottom of a well, 
river or harbor. 5. A genus of birds, the certhia, or ox- 
eye. 

GREEPTIOLE, n. A hole into which an animal may creep 
to escape notice or danger ; also, a subterfuge ; an excuse. 

CREEPING, ppr. Moving on the belly, or close to the sur- 
face of the earth or other body ; moving slowly, secretly, 
or silently ; moving ins#»nsibly ; stealing along. 

CREEP'IMG-LY, ado. By creeping; slowly; in the man- 
ner of a reptile. Sidney. 

fCREETLE. Sefi Cripple. 

CREESE, n. A Malay dagger. 

CRE-Ma'TION, n. [L. crematio.'j A burning particularly, 
the burning of the dead, according to the custom of many 
ancient nations. 

CRE'MOR, n. [L.] Cream; any expressed juice of grain; 
yeast ; scum ; a substance resembling cream. Coxe. 

CREM^O-SIN. See Crimosix. 

CRe'NATE, \ a. [L. crenatus.'] Notched ; indented ; 

CRe'xNA-TED, i scolloped. 

CREN^A-TURE, n. A scollop, like a notch, in a leaf, or in 
the style of a plant. Bigelow. 

CREN'KLE, or CREiV'GLE. See Cringle. 

CREN'U-LATE, a. Having the edge, as it were, cut into 
very small scollops. 

CRe'OLE, n. In the West Indies and Spanish America, a 
native of those countries descended from European an- 
cestors. 

CREP'ANCE, 1 n. [L. crcpo.'] A chop or cratch in a horse’s 

CREP'ANE, \ leg, caused by the shoe of one hind foot 
crossing and striking the other hind foot. 

CREPT-TATE, v. i. [L. crepito.'] To crackle ; to snap ; to 
burst vvith a small, sharp, abrupt sound, rapidly repeated ; 
as salt in fire, or during calcination. 

CREP'I-TA-TING, ppr. Crackling; snapping. 

CREP-I-Ta^TION, n. 1. The act of bursting with a fre- 
quent repetition of sharp sounds ; the noise of some salts 
in calcination ; crackling. 2. The noise of fractured 
bones, when moved by a surgeon to ascertain a fracture. 

CREPT, pret. and pp. of creep. 

CRE-PUS'CLE, or CRE-PUSC'ULE, n. [L. crepusculum.'] 

_ Twilight ; the light of the morning from the first dawn to 
sunrise, and of the evening from sunset to darkness. 

€RE-PUS€'U-LAR, orCRE-PIJSCTJ-LOUS, a. Pertaining 
to twilight ; glimmering ; noting the imperfect light of the 
morning and evening ; hence, imperfectly clear or lu- 
minous. 

t CRE-PLFSC'U-LlNE, a. Crepuscular. 

CRES'CENT, a. [L. crescens.l Increasing ; growing. 
Milton. 

CRES'CENT, n. 1. The increasing or new moon, which. 


when receding from the siin, shows a curving rim oflight, 
' terminating in points or horns. 2. The figure or likeness 
of the new moon ; as that borne in the Turkish ttag or 
national standard. The standard itself, un^, figuratively , 
the Turkish power. — 3. In heraldry, a bearing m the form 
of a half moon. 4. The name ot a military order, insti- 
tuted by Renatus of Anjou. 

CRES'CExNT, V. t. To form into a crescent. Seward. 
CRES'CENT-SIIaPED, a. In botany, lunate ; lunated ; 

shaped like a crescent. Martyn. 

CREiS'CIVE, a. [L. cresco.] Increasing; growing. Shak. 
CRESS, n. [Fr. crcsso/*.] The name of several species of 
plants, most of them of the class tetradynamia. 
CRESS'ET, n. [Fr. croisette.'\ 1. A great light set on a 
beacon, lighthouse, or watch-tow'er. 2. A lamp or torch. 
Milion. 


CREST, n. [Fr. Crete.'] 1. The plume of feathers or other 
material on the top of the ancient helmet ; the helmet it- 
self. 2. 'I’he ornament of the helmet in heraldry. 3. The 
comb of a cock ; also, a tuft of feathers on the head of 
other fowls. 4. Any tuft or ornament worn on the head. 
5. Loftiness ; pride ; courage ; spirit ; a lofty mien. 

CREST, V. t. 1. To furnish with a crest ; to serve as a crest 
for. 2. To mark with long streaks. 

CREST'ED, a. 1. Wearing a crest; adorned with a crest 
or plume ; having a comb. — 2. In natural history, having 
a tuft like a crest. 

CREST'-FALL-EN, a. ]. Dejected; sunk; bowed; dis- 
pirited ; heartless ; spiritless. Shak. 2. Having the upper 
part of the neck hanging on one side, as a horse. 

CREST'LESS, a. Without a crest ; not dignified with coat- 
armor ; not of an eminent family ; of low birth. 

CRE-TaCEOUS, a. [L. cretaceus.] Chalky ; having the 
qualities of chalk ; like chalk ; abounding with chalk. 

CRe^TIC, n. [Gr. KprjTiKo^.] A poetic foot of three sylla- 
bles, one short between two long syllables. 

CRe'TIN, 11 . A name given to certain deformed and help- 
less idiots in the Alps. 

CREV'iCE, 11 . [Fr. crevasse.] A crack ; a cleft ; a fissure ; 
a rent ; an opening. 

CREV'iCE, V. t. To crack ; to flaw. Wotton. 

CREV'IS, 

CREV'iSSE, 

CREW, 11 . [Sax. cread, or criUh.] 1. A company of people 
associated. Spenser. 2. A company, in a low or bad 
sense; a herd. Milton. 3. The company of seamen who 
man a ship, vessel or boat ; the company belonging to a 
vessel. 

CREW, pret. of crow : but the regular preterit and participle, 
crowed, is now most commonly used. 

CREW'EL, 11 . [qu. D. klewel.] Yarn twisted and wound on 
a knot or ball, or two-threaded worsted. 

CREW'ET. See Cruet. 

CRIB, n. [Sax. crybb ; D. krib.] 1. The manger of a stable, 
in which oxen and cows feed. — In America, it is distin- 
guished from a rack for horses. 2. A small habitation or 
cottage. 3. A stall for oxen. 4. A case or box in salt 
works. 5. A small building, raised on posts, for storing 
Indian corn. U. States. 6. A lodging place for children. 

CRIB, V. t. To shut or confine in a narrow habitation ; to 


/• (/• Ji. V K.'&VAV'AV y 4-VX AAIATT • rr 

I The craw-fish. [Little used.] 


cage. 


Shak. 


fCRIB, V. i. To be confined ; to be cooped up. 

CRIB'BAGE, 11 . A game at cards. 

CRIBBED, pp. Shut up ; confined ; caged. 

CRIB'BLE, n. [L. cribellum.] I. A corn-sieve or riddle. 
2. Coarse flour or meal ; [not used in the U. States.] 

CRIB'BLE, V. t. To sift ; to cause to pass through a sieve or 
riddle. 

CRI-BRa'TION, 11 . The act of sifting or riddling ; used in 
pharmacy. 

CRIB'RI-FOR^I, a. [L. cribrum.] Resembling a sieve or 
riddle ; a term applied to the lamen of the ethmoid bone, 
througli which the fibres of the olfactory nerve pass to the 
nose. 

CRICH'TON-lTE, n. A mineral, so called from Dr. Crich- 
ton. 

CRICK, n. 1. The creaking of a door; [o/;s.] 2. A spas- 
modic affection of some part of the body, as of the neck or 
back ; local spasm or cramp. 

CRICK'E7\ 71. [D. krekel.] An insect of the genus gryllus. 

CRIfflv'ET, 11 . [qu. Sax. cricc.] 1. A play or exercise witli 
bats and ball. Pope. 2. A low stool. 

CRICK'ET-ER, n. One who plays at cricket. 

CRICK^ET-ING-AP-PLE, ii. A small species of apple. 

CRTCK'ET-MATCH, n. A match at cricket. Duncombe. 

CRiED, pret. and part, of cry. 

CRI'ER or CRV'ER, n. One who cries ; one who makes 
proclamation. 

CRIIME, 71. [L. crimen; Gr. Kpipa.] 1. An act which vio- 
lates a law, divine or human ; an act which violates a rule 
of nioral duty ; an offense against the laws of right, pre- 
scribed by God or man, or against any rule of duty plainly 
implied in those laws . — Bat in a more common and re~ 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, U, long. — FXR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — j Obsolete. 


CRI 


207 


CRI 


stricied sense, a crime denotes an offense, or violation of 
public law, of a deeper and more atrocious nature ; a pub- 
lic wrong ; as treason, murder, robbery, theft, arson, &,c. 
2 . Any great wickedness ; iniquity j wrong. — Capital 
C7'ime, a crime puuisliable with death. 

CKIME'FIJL, a. Criminal ; wicked ; partaking of wrong j 
contrary to law, right, or duty. Shale. 

CRIME'LESS, a. Free from crime ; innocent. Shale. 

CKIM'IN-AL, a. 1 . Guilty of a crime. 2 . Partaking of a 
crime ; involving a crime 3 tliat violates public law, divine 
or human. 3 . 'lhat violates moral obligation 3 wicked. 
4 . Relating to crimes 3 opposed to civil. 

€RIM'IN-AL, n. A person who has committed an offense 
against public law 3 a person indicted or charged with a 
public offense. — Criminal conversation, the illegal com- 
merce of the sexes 3 ad niter v. 

€REM-IN-AL'I-TY, or €R 1 M' 1 N-AL-NESP, n. The qual- 
ity of being criminal, or a violation of law 3 guiltiness 3 
the quality of being guilty of a crime. Elackstone. 

CRUVl'lN-AL-LY, ado. In violation of public law 3 in vio- 
lation of divine law 3 wickedly 3 in a wrong or iniquitous 
manner. 

CRIJFIN-ATE, V. t. [L. criminor.'] To accuse 3 to charge 
with a crime 3 to alledge to be guilty of a crime, offense, 
or wrong. Christ. Obs. 

CRIM'IN-A-TED, pp. Accused 3 charged with a crime. 

€RIM'IN-A-TING, ppr. Accusing 3 alledging to be guilty. 

CRIM-JN-a'TION, 7i. [L. criminatio.] 'I’he act of accusing 3 
accusation 3 charge of having been guilty of a criminal 
act, offense or wrong. 

€RIMTN-A-TO-RY, a. Relating to accusation 3 accusing. 

I €RIAPlN-OUS, a. Very wicked 3 heinous 3 involving 
great crime. Hammond. 

t GKIMTN-OUS-LY, ado. Criminally 3 heinously 3 enor- 
mously. 

fCRIMTX-OUS-NESS, «. Wickedness 3 guilt 3 criminali- 
ty. King Charles. 

CRENFOSlN. See Crimson. 

CRIMP, a. [Sax. flc?-yw?na?j.J 1 . Easily crumbled 3 friable 3 
brittle 3 [little used ] 2. JSot consistent 3 [not u^etZ.] 

CRIMP, V. t. [W. crimpiaw.'] To catch 3 to seize 3 to pinch 
and hold. 

CRIMP, V. t. [Sax. gecrympt.'] To curl or frizzle. 

CRIMP, 71 . ]. In England, an agent for coal-merchants, 
and for persons concerned in shipping. 2 . One who de- 
coys another into the naval or military service. 3 . A 
game at cards 3 [0/75.] 

CRIM'PLE, V. t. [D. krimpen.'\ To contract or draw to- 
gether 3 to shrink 3 to cause to shrink 3 to curl. Wise- 
man. 

CRIM'PLED, pp. Contracted 3 shrunk 5 curled. 

CRIM'PLING, 2J’p7‘. Contracting 3 shrinking 3 curling 5 hob- 
bling. Ash. 

CRIM'SON, (krim'zn) n. [It. cremisi, cremisino.'] A deep 
red color 3 a red tinged with blue 3 also, a red color in 
general. 

CRIM SON, a. Of a beautiful deep red. 

CRIIM'SON, v.t. To dye with crimson 3 to dye of a deep 
red color 3 to make red. 

CRIM'SON, V. i. To become of a deep red color 3 to be 
tinged with red 3 to blush. 

CRIM'SONED, pp. Dyed or tinged with a deep red. 

CRIM'SON-ING, pjrr. Dyeing or tinging with a deep red. 

CRINC'UM, n. A cramp 3 a contraction 3 a turn or bend 3 a 
whim. [A vulgar weyrd.'] Hudibras. 

CRINGE, (krinj) v. t. Properly, to shrink 3 to contract 3 to 
draw together 3 a popular use of the word. [Vulgarly, 
scringe.^ 

CRINGE, (krinj) v. i. To bow 3 to bend with servility 3 to 
fawn 3 to make court by mean compliances. 

CRINGE, (krinj) n. A bow 3 servile civility. Philips. 

CR ING'ER, n. One who cringes, or bows and flatters with 
servility. 

CRLNG'TNG, ppr. Shrinking 3 bowing servilely. 

CRTN'GLE, (kring'gl) n. [D. kring,le 7 ’inkel.] 1 . A witlie 
for fastening a gate 3 [local.] — 2 . In marme language, a 
hole in the bolt-rope of a sail. 

CRI-NIG'ER-OUS, a. [L. criuiger.] Hairy 3 overgrown 
with hair. Diet. 

CRi'NITE, a. [L. crinitus.] Having the appearance of a 
tuft of liair. 

CRIN'KLE, (krink'l) v. i. [D. k7'i7ikele7i.] To turn or wind 3 
to bend 3 to wrinkle 3 to run in and out in little or short 
bends or turns. 

CRIN'IvLE, V. t. To form with short turns or wrinkles 3 to 
mold into inequalities. 

CR IN KLE, n. A wrinkle 3 a winding or turn 5 sinuosity. 

CRT'NOSE, a. Hairy. [LlUle used.] 

CRI-NOi^'I-TY, n. Hairiness. [Little used.] 

CRIP'PLE, (krip'pl) n. [D. kreupe.l.] A lame person 3 pri- 
marily, one who creejis, halts or limps 3 one who has lost, 
or never enjoyed, the use of his limbs. 

CRIP'PLE, a. Larne. Shale. 

CRIP'PLE, V. t. 1 . To lame 3 to deprive of the use of the 


limbs, particularly of the legs and feet. 2. To disable j fty 
deprive of the power of exertion. 

CRIP'PLED, pp. Lamed 3 rendered impotent in the limbs J 
disabled. 

CRIP'PLF.-NESS, 71 . Lameness. 

CRIP'PLING, ppr. Laming 3 depriving of the use of the 
limbs 3 disabling. 

CRI'SIS, n. j 27lu. Crises. [Gr. Ak-pmts ; L. crL-ts.] 1 . In 
medical science, the change of a disease which indicates 
its event 3 that change which indicates recovery or death. 
2 . The decisive state of things, or the point of time when 
an affair is arrived to its height, and must soon terminate 
or suffer a material change. 

CRISP, a. [L. crispus.] I. Curled 3 formed into curls or 
lin^lcts. 2. Indented 3 winding. 3 . Brittle 3 friable j 
easily broken or crumbled. 

CRISP, V. t, [L. crispy.] 1 . To curl 3 to twist 3 to contract 
or form into ringlets, as the hair 3 to wreathe or inter- 
weave. 2 . To indent. Johnson, To twist or eddy. 

CRIS-PA'TiON, 71 . The act of curling, or state of being 
curled. Bacon. 

CIUSP'A-TURE, 71 . A curling 3 the state of being curled. 

CRISPED, pp. Curled 3 twisted 3 frizzled. 

CRISP'ING, ppr. Curling 3 frizzling. 

CRISP'ING-I'RON, «. A curling-iron. 

CRISP'ING-PIN, 7<. .A, curling-iron. Jsaiah, 

CRIS-PI-SUL'CANT, a. Waved or undulating, as light- 
ning is represented. 

CRISP'NESS, n. A state of being curled 3 also, brittleness.- 

CRISP'Y, a. 1 . Curled 3 formed into ringlets. 2 . Brittle 5 
dried, so as to break short. 

CRISS-CROSS-ROW, 77. Alphabet 3 beginning. 

CRIST'ATE, ) a. [L. cynsiatus.] In botany, crested ; tuft-' 

CRIST'A-TED, I ed 3 having an appendage like a crest or 
tuft. 


CRI-Tk'RI-ON, 77. ; plu. Criteria. [Gr. Tcpirypiov.] A 
standard of judging 3 any established law, rule, principle, 
or fact, by whidi facts, propositions and opinions are com- 
pared, in order to discover their truth or falsehood, or by 
which a correct judgment may be formed. 

CRITH'O-MAN-CY, 77. [Gr. KpcOy and pavreca.] A kind of 
divination by means of the dough of cakes, and the meal 
strewed over the victims, in ancient sacrifices. 

CRIT'IC, 77. [Gr. k-piTueos,] 1. A person skilled in judging 
of the merit of literary works 3 one who is able to discern 
and distinguish the beauties and faults of writing. In a 
more general sense, a person skilled in judging with pro- 
jiriety of any combination of objects, or of any work of 
art. 2 . An examiner 3 a judge. 3 . One wlio judges 
with seventy 3 one who censures or finds fault. Pope. 

CRIT'IC, a. Critical 3 relating to criticism, or the art of 
judging of the merit of a library perfoimance or discourse 
or of any work in the fine arts. 

CRIT'IC, V. i. To criticise 3 to play the critic. [Little used.] 

CRlT'l CAL, a. [L. criticus.] 1 . Relating lO criticism-, 
nicely exact. 2 . Having the skill or power nicely to dis- 
tinguish beauties from blemishes. 3 . Making nice dis- 
tinctions 3 accurate. 4 . Capable of judging with accuracy ; 
discerning beauties and faults 3 nicely judicious in mat- 
ters of literature and the fine arts. 5 . Capable of judging 
with accuracy 3 conforming to exact rules of propriety 3 
exact 3 particular. 6. Inclined to find fault, or to judge 
with severity. 7 . [Sc« Crisis.] Pertaining to a crisis 3 
marking the time or state of a disease which indicates its 
termination in the death or recovery of the patient. 8. 
Producing a crisis or cliange in a disease 3 indicating a 
crisis. 9 . Decisive 3 noting a time or state cn which the 
issue of things depends 3 important, as regards the conse- 
quences. 10 . Formed or situated to determine or decide, 
or having tlie crisis at command 3 important or essential 
for determining. 

€RIT'I-€AL-IjY, adv. 1 . In a critical manner 3 with nice 
discernment of truth or falsehood, propriety or impropri- 
ety 5 with nice scrutiny 3 accurately 3 exactly. 2 . At the 
crisis 3 at the exact time. 3 . In a critical situation, place 
or condition, so as to command the crisis. 

€RIT'I-€AL-NESS, v. I. The state of being critical 3 inci- 
dence at a particular point of time. 2 . Exactness 3 accu- 
racy 3 nicety 3 minute care in examination. 

€RlT'I-CTf^E, V. i. I. To examine and judge critically 3 to 
judge with attention to beauties and faults. 2 . To write 
remarks on the merit of a performance 3 to notice beauties 
and faults. 3 . To animadvert upon as faulty 3 to utter 
censure. 


€RIT'I-CISE, V. t. 1 . To notice beauties and blemishes or 
faults in 3 to utter or write remarks on the merit of a per- 
formance. 2 . To pass judgment on with lespect to merit 
or blame. 

GRIT'I-CISED, pp. Examined and judged with respect to 
beauties and faults. 

GRIT'I-CIS-ER, 77. One who makes or writes remarks. 

€RIT'I-CTS-ING, ppr. Examining and judging with regard 
to beauties and faults 3 remarking on 3 animadverting on. 


* See Sijnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 3— BULL, UNITE.— € as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete , 


CRO 


CRO 


208 


CRIT'I-CISM, n. 1. The art of judging with propriety of 
the beauties and faults of a literary performance, or of 
any production in ‘.he fine arts ; as, the rules of criticism. 
2. Tlie act of judging on the merit of a performance ; an- 
imadversion ; remark on beauties and faults j critical ob- 
servation, verbal or written. 

CRl-T'lClUE', or CRIT'IE, n. [Fr. critique.] 1. A critical ex- 
amination of the merits of a performance ; remarks or an- 
imadversions on beauties and faults. 2. Science of criti- 
cism ; standard or rules of judging of the merit of per- 
formances. Lockc. 

CRIZ'ZEL, 1 71. A kind of roughness on the surface 

CRIZ'ZEL-ING, I of glass, which clouds its transpa- 
rency. 

€RoAK, V. i. [Sax. cracettan ; Goth, hrukyan.] 1. To 
make a low, hoarse noise in the throat, as a frog or other 
animal. 2. To caw ; to cry as a raven or crow. 3. To 
make any low, muttering sound, resembling that of a 
frog or raven. 4. In contempt^ to speak with a low, hol- 
low voice. 

€RoAK, n. The low, harsh sound uttered by a frog or a 
raven, or a like sound. 

CRoAK'ER, 71. One that croaks, murmurs or grumbles ; 
one who complains unreasonably. 

GRoAK'ING, ppr. Uttering a low, harsh sound from the 
throat, or other similar sound. 

GRoAK'ING, 71. A low, harsh sound, as of a frog, or the 
bowels. 

€RO'ATS, 71. Troops, natives of Croatia. 

GRO'CAL ITE, n. A mineral, a variety of zeolite. 

GRO'CEOUS, a. [L. croceus.] Like saffron ; yellow ; con- 
sisting of sailron. 

GRoGHES, 71. Little buds or knobs about the tops of a 
deer’s horn. Bailey. 

GROC-I-Ta'TIOxV, 71. [L. crocito.] A croaking. 

t GROCK, n. [Sax. cruce^ crocca.J An earthen vessel ; a 
pot or pitcher ; a cup. 

GROGK, 71. Soot, or the black matter collected from com- 
bustion on pots and kettles, or in a chimney. Ray. 

GROGK, V. t. or i To black with soot, or other matter col- 
lected from combustion ; or to black with tlie coloring 
matter of cloth. J^cw England. 

GROGK'ER-Y, n. [W. crocan.] Earthen ware ; vessels 
formed of clay, glazed and baked. The term is applied 
to the coarser kinds of ware ; the finer kinds being usual- 
ly called china or porcelain. 

* GROG'O-DlLE, 77. [Gr, *rpoxo5ftXof.] 1. An amphibious 
animal of the genus lacerta, or lizard, of the largest kind. 
It inhabits the large rivers in Africa and Asia. See Alli- 
gator. — 2. In rhetoric^ a captious and sophistical argu- 
ment. 

* GROGG-DILE, a. Pertaining to or like a crocodile. 

GRo'GUS, 71. [Gr. ifpo/cof.] 1. Saffron, a genus of plants. 

— 2. In chemistry^ a yellow powder ; any metal calcined 
to a red or deep yellow color. 

GROFT, n. [Sax. croft.] A little close adjoining or near to 
a dwelling-house, and used for pasture, tillage or other 


purposes. 

GROI-SaDE', 71, [Fr.] A holy war ; an expedition of Chris- 
tians against the infidels, for the conquest of Palestine. 
See the more common word., Crusade. 

GROIS'ES, 71. 1. Soldiers enrolled under the banners of the 
cross. Burke. 2> Pilgrims who carry the cross. 

GRo'KER, n. A fowl that inhabits the Chesapeake and the 
large rivers in Virginia. 

GROM'LEGH, n. [V\^. cromleg.] Huge flat stones resting on 
other stones, set on end for that purpose j supposed to be 
the remains of Druidical altars. 

GRONE, 71. [Ir. criona.] 1. An old woman. Drydcn. 2. 
An old ewe. Tusser. 

GRo'NET, 71. \coronet.] 1. The hair which grows over 
the top of a horse’s hoof. 2. The iron at the end of a 
tilting spade. 

GRON'Y^^, i Acroxical. 

GRo'NY, 71. An intimate companion j an associate j a fa- 
miliar friend. 


GROOK, 71. [Sw. krok.] 1. Any bend, turn or curve; ora 
bent or curving instrument. 2. A shepherd staff, curving 
at the end ; a pastoral staff. 3. A gibbet. 4. An arti- 
fice ; a trick. 

CROOK, V. t. [Fr. crochuer.] 1. To bend ; to turn from a 
straight line ; to make a curve or hook. 2. To turn from 
rectitude ; to pervert. 3. To thwart ; [little used.] 

GROOK, V. i. To bend or be bent ; to be turned from a 
right line ; to curve : to wind. 

GROOK'-BAGK, 71. A crooked back ; one wdio has a crook- 
ed back or round shoulders. Shak. 

GROOK'-BAGKED, a. Having a round back or shoulders. 
Dry den. 

GROOK'ED, pp. or a. 1. Bent ; curved ; curving ; wind- 
ing.* 2. Winding in moral conduct ; devious ; froward ; 
perverse ; going out of the path of rectitude ; given to 
obliquity, or wandering fVom duty. 


GRQQK'ED-LY, adv. 1. In a winding manner. 2. Ufito- 
w’ardly; not compliantly. 

GROOK'ED-NESS, 7t. 1. A winding, bending or turning; 
ciirvity ; curvature ; inflection. 2. Perverseness ; unto- 
wardness ; deviation from rectitude ; iniquity ; obliqui- 
ty of conduct. 3. Deformity of a gibbous body. 

t GRQOK'EN, V. t. To make crooked. 

GROOIUING, ppr. Bending ; winding. 

GROOK'-KNEED, a. Having crooked knees. Shak. 

GROOIU-SHoUL'DERED, a. Having bent shoulders. 

GROJ?, 71. [Sax. crop, cropp.] 1. The first stomach of a 
fowl ; the craw. 2. The top or highest part of a thing ; the 
end; [7Jot in it5C.] Chaucer. 3. That which is gathered ; 
the corn or fruits of the earth collected ; harvest, a. 
Corn and other cultivated plants while growing. 5. Any 
thing cut off or gathered. 6. Hair cut close or short. 

GROP, V. t. 1. To cut off the ends of any thing ; to eat off ; 
to pull off ; to pluck ; to mow ; to reap. 2. To cut off 
prematurely ; to gather before it falls. 

t CROP, V. i. To yield harvest. Shak. 

GROP'-EAR, n. A horse whose ears are cropped. 

GROP'-eARED, a. Having the ears cropped. 

GROP'FUL, a. Having a full crop or belly ; satiated. 

CROPPED, or GROPT, pp. Cut off; plucked; eaten off; 
reaped, or mowed. 

GROP’PER, 71. A pigeon with a large crop. Walton. 

GROPTING, ppr. Cutting off; pulling off; eating off; 
reaping, or mowing. 

GROP'PING, 71. 1. The act of cutting off. 2. The raising 
of crops. 

GROP'-SIGK, a. Sick or indisposed from a surcharged stom- 
ach ; sick with excess in eating or drinking. 

GROP'-SIGK-NESS, n. Sickness from repletion of the stom- 
ach. [L. crapula.] 

GRo SIER, (krS'zhur) n. [Fr. crosse.] 1. A bishop’s crook 
or pastoral staff, a symbol of pastoral authority and care. 
— 2. In astronomy, four stars in the southern hemispliere, 
in the form of a cross. 

GROS^LET, 71. A small cross. — In heraldry, a cross crossed 
at a small distance from the ends. 

GROSS, 77. [W. croes.] 1. A gibbet consisting of two 
pieces of timber placed across each other, either in form 
of a T, or of an X. 2. The ensign of the Christian re- 
ligion ; and hence, figuratively, the reWgxon itself. 3. A 
monument with a cross upon it to excite devotion, such 
as were anciently set in market places. 4. Any thing in 
the form of a cross or gibbet. 5. A line drawn through 
another. 6. Any thing that thwcirts, obstructs, or per- 
plexes ; hinderance ; vexation ; misfortune ; opposition ; 
trial of patience. 7. Money or coin stamped with the 
figure of a cross. 8. The right side or face of a coin, 
stamped with a cross. 9. The mark of a cross, instead 
of a signature, on a deed, formerly impressed by those 
who could not write. 10. Church lands in Ireland. — 11. 
In theology, the sufferings of Christ by crucifixion. 12. 
The doctnne of Christ’s sufferings and of the atonement, 
or of salvation by Christ. — To take up the cross, is to sub- 
mit to troubles and afflictions from love to Christ. — 13. In 
mining, two nicks cut in the surface of the earth, thus -j-. 
— Cross and pile, a play with money. 

GROSS, a. 1. Transverse ; oblique ; passing from side 
to side ; falling athwart. 2. Adverse ; opposite ; ob- 
structing. 3. Perverse ; untractable. 4. Peevish ; fret- 
ful ; ill-humored. 5. Contrary ; contradictory ; perplex- 
ing. 6. Adverse ; unfortunate. 7. Interchanged ; as, a 
cross marriage. 8. Noting what belongs to an adverse 
party. 

GROSS, prep. Athwart ; transversely ; over ; from side to 
side ; so as to intersect. Dryden. 

GROSS, V. t. 1. To draw or run a line, or lay a body 
across another. 2. To erase ; to cancel. 3. To make 
the sign of the cross, as Catholics in devotion. 4. To 
pass from side to side ; to pass or move over. 5. To 
thwart ; to obstruct ; to hinder ; to embarrass. 6. To 
counteract ; to clash or interfere with ; to be inconsistent 
with. 7. To counteract or contravene ; to hinder by au- 
thority ; to stop. 8. To contradict. Hooker. 9. To de- 
bar or preclude. — To cross the breed of an animal, is to 
produce young from different varieties of the species. 

GROSS, V. i. 1. To lie or be athwart. 2. To move or pass 
laterally, or from one side towards tlie other, or from 
place to place. 3. To be inconsistent ; [not used.] Sid- 
ney. 

GROSS'-aRMED, a. With arms across. — In JofaTiT/, brachi- 
ate ; decussated ; having branches in pairs, each at right 
angles with the next. 

GROSS'- AR- ROW, n. An arrow of a cross-bow. Beaumont 
and Fletcher. 

GROSS'-BARRED, a. Secured by transverse bars. 

GROSS'-BAR-SHOT, n. A bullet with an iron bar passing 
through it. 

GROSS'-BEaR-ER, 77. In the Romish church, the chaplain 
of an archbishop, who bears a cross before him. 


♦ See Synopsis. A, £, I, O, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PR£Y ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


CRO 


209 


CRO 


CROSS -BILL, n. In chancery, a.n original bill by which 
the defendant prays relief against the plaintiff. 

CROSb'-BILL, n. A species of bird. 

CROSS'-BITE, n. A deception ; a cheat. JJEstrange. 

CKOSS'-BITE, V. t. To thwart or contravene by deception. 

CROSS'-BoW, n. In archery, a missive weapon formed by 
placing a bow athwart a stock. 

CKOS^'-BoVV-EIl, ??. One who shoots with a cross-bow. 

CKOSS'-BUN, n. A cake marked with the form of a cross. 

CROSb'EUT, V. t. To cut across. 

CKOSfc'CLJT-SAVV, n. A saw managed by two men, one 
at each end. 

CROSSED, pp. Having a line drawn over ; canceled ; eras- 
ed ; passed over thwarted 5 opposed j obstructed j coun- 
tcmctccl* 

CROSfc'-EX-AM-IN-A'TION, n. The examination or in- 
terrogation of a witness, called by one party, by the oppo- 
site party or his counsel. 

CROSS'-EX-AM INE, v. t. To examine a witness by the 
opposite party or his counsel, as the witness for the plain- 
tiff by the defendant, and vice versa. Kent. 

CROSb'-EX-AM'INED, pp. Examined or interrogated by 
the opposite party. 

CROSS'-FLoW, V. i. To flow across. Milton. 

CROSS'-GRaHNED, a. 1. Having the grain or fibres 
across or irregular. 2. Perverse j untractable j not con- 
descending. 

CROSS'iiVG, ppr. Drawing; running or passing a line 
over ; erasing ; canceling ; thwarting ; opposing ; coun- 
teracting ; passing over. 

CROSSUMG, 71. A thwarting ; impediment; vexation. 

€ROSS'-JA€K, (kro-jeck) n. A sail extended on the lower 
yard of the mizzen-mast;but seldom used. 

CROSS'-LEGGED, a. Having the legs across. 

CROSS'LET. See Croslet. 

CROSS'LY, adv. 1. Athwart ; so as to intersect something 
else. 2. Adversely; in opposition; unfortunately. 3. 
Peevishly ; fretfully. 

CROSS'NESS, n. Peevishness ; fretfulness ; ill-humor ; per- 
verseness^ 

CROSS'-PIeCE, n. A rail of timber extending over the 
windlass of a ship. 

CROSS'-PUR-POSE, 71. A contrary purpose ; contradictory 
system ; also, a conversation in which one person does or 

^ pretends to misunderstand another’s meaning. An enig- 
ma ; a riddle. 

CROSS'-Q,UES-TION, v. t. To cross-examine. 

CROSS'-RoW, 71. 1. The alphabet, so named because a 
cross is placed at the beginning, to show that the end of 
learning Js piety. 2. A row that crosses others. 

CRO^S'-EeA, 71. Waves running across others ; a swell 
running in different directions. 

€ROSS'-STAFF, n. An instrument to take the altitude of 
the sun or stars. 

€ROSS'-STONE, n. A mineral, called also harmotome, and 
staurolite. 

€ROSS'-TIN-ING, n. In husbandry, a harrowing by draw- 
ing the harrow or drag back and forth on the same 
ground. 

CROSS'-TREES, n. In ships, certain pieces of timber, sup- 
ported by the cheeks and trestle-trees, at the upper ends 
of the lower masts. 

€ROSS'-WAY, or €ROSS^-RoAD, n. Away or road that 
crosses another road or the chief road ; an obscure 
path intersecting the main road. 

€ROSS'-WlND, 7 t. A side wind; an unfavorable wind. 

€ROSS^-WISE, adv. Across ; in the form of a cross. 

€ROSS'-W 6 RT, n. A plant of the genus valantia. 

€ROTCH, 71 . [Fr. croc.] 1. A fork or forking; the parting 
of two legs or branches. — 2. In ships, a crooked limber 
placed on the keel, in the fore and aft parts of a ship. 3. 
A piece of wood or iron, opening on the top, and extend- 
ing two horns or arms, like a half moon. 

€ROTClIED, a. Having a crotch ; forked. 

€ROTCH'ET, 71. [Fr. crochet, croche.] 1. In printing, a 
hook including words, a sentence or a passage distin- 
guished from the rest, thus [ ]. — 2. In imisic, a note or 

character, equal in time to half a minim, and the double 

of a quaver, thus j*. 3. A piece of wood resembling a 

fork, used as a support in building. 4. A peculiar turn 
of the mind ; a whim, or fancy ; a perverse conceit. 

€ROTCH'ET, v. i. To play in a measured time of music. 

€ROTCPFET-ED, a. Marked with crotchets. 

GROUCH, V. i. [G. kriechen, kroch, krdche.] 1. To bend 
down ; to stoop low ; to lie close to the ground ; as an 
animal. 2. To bend servilely ; to stoop meanly ; to fawn ; 
to cringe. 

t CROUCH, V. t. To sign with the cross ; to bless. 

CROUCH'-BACK. See Crookback. 

CROUCH'ED-FRFARS, n. An order of friars, so called 
ftom the cross wliich they wore. 

CROUCHING, ppr. Bending; stooping; cringing. 

CROUD. See Crowd. 


CROUP, 1 77 . [Scot, croup, cropc, crupe.] The disease called 

CROOP, \ technically cy 7 itt 7 ic/ic trachcalis, an aftection of 
the throat, accompanied with a hoarse, difficult respira- 
tion. It is vulgarly called rattles. 

CROUP, I 71. [I r croupe.] 1 . The rump of a fowl ; the 

CROOP, ) buttocks of a horse, or extremity of tiie reins 
above tlie hips. 2. [Scot, croup.] The cynanche trache- 
alis, a disease of the throat. 

CRoU-PaDE', } n. in the manege, a leap in which the 

CROO-PaDE', \ horse pulls up his hind legs, as if he 
drew them up to his belly. 

CROUT, I n. [G. kreiut.] Sour crout is made by laying 

KROUT, ) minced or chopped cabbage in layers in a bar- 
rel, with a handful of salt and caraway seeds between 
the layers, then ramming down tlie whole, covering it, 
pressing it with a heavy weight, and suffering it to stand 
till it has gone through fermentation. It is an efficacious 
preservative against scurvy. 

CRoW, 7 i. [Sax. crawe.] 1. A large black fowl, of the ge- 
nus corvus . — 7'o pluck or pull a crow, is to be industrious 
or contentious about a trifle. 2. A bar of iron with a 
beak, crook or two claws, used in raising and moving 
heavy weights. 3. The voice of the cock. 

CRoVV, V. i.j pret. and pp. croiccd ; formerly, pret. crew. 
[Sax. craxcan.] 1. To cry or make a noise as a cock, in 
joy? gayety or defiance. 2 . 'I’o boast in triumph ; to 
vaunt ; to vapor ; to swagger. Orandison. 

CRoVV'-BAR, n. A bar of iron sharpened at one end, used 
as a lever for raising weights. 

CRoW'-BER-RY, n. A plant of the genus empetrum. 

CRoW’S'-BlLL, n. In surgery, a kind of forceps for ex- 
tracting bullets and other things from wounds. 

f CRoW’S'-FEET, 71. The wrinkles under the eyes, which 
are the effects of age. Chaucer. 

CRoW'-FLOW-ER, n. A kind of campion. 

CRoW'-FOOT, 77 . 1. On board of ships, a complication of 
small cords spreading out from a long block. — 2 . In botany, 
the ranunculus, a genus of plants. 

CRoVV’S'-FOOT, n. In the military art, a machine of iron, 
wjth four points ; a caltrop. 

CRoW'IMG, ppr. Uttering a particular voice, as a cock; 
boasting in triumph ; vaunting ; bragging. 

t CRoW'-KEEP-ER, n. A scarecrow. Shak. 

CRoW'-NET, 71. In England, a net for catching wild 
fowls ; the net used in Mew England for catching wild 
pigeons. 

CRoW'-SILK, n. A plant, the conferva rivalis. 

CRoW'-TOE, 71. A plant ; as the tufted croxv-toe. 

CROWD, or GROWTH, n. [Ir. crxdt.] An instrument of 
music with six strings ; a kind of violin. 

CROWD, 71. [i?ax. criit/i, cread.] 1. Property, a collection ; 
a number of things collected, or closely pressed together. 

2. A number of persons congregated and pressed together, 
or collected into a close body without order ; a throng. 

3. A multitude ; a great number collected. 4. A number 
of things near together; a number promiscuously assem- 
bled or lying near each other. 5. The lower orders of 
people ; the populace ; the vulgar. 

CROWD, V. t. 1. To press ; to urge ; to drive together. 

2 . To fill by pressing numbers together without order. 

3. To fill to excess. 4. To encumber by multitudes. 5. 
To urge ; to press by solicitation ; to dun. — 6 . In seaman- 
ship, to crowd sail, is to carry an extraordinary force of 
sail, with a view to accelerate tlie course of a ship, as in 
cliasing or escaping from an enemy ; to carry a press of 
sail. 

CROWD, v.i. 1. To press in numbers. 2. Tp^ press; to 
urge forward. 3. To swarm or he numerous. 

CROWD'ED, pp. Collected and pressed ; pressed together; 
urged ; driven ; filled by a promiscuous multitude. 

CROWD'ER, 71. A fiddler ; one who plays on a crowd. 

CROWDING, ppr. Pressing together ; pushing ; thrusting ; 
driving; assembling in a promiscuous multitude; filling; 
urging. 

CROWD'Y, 77 . Meal and water, sometimes mixed with 
milk. Grose. 

CROWN, 77 . [Fr. coxtrox^xxe.] 1. An ornament worn on the 
head by kings and sovereign princes, as a badge of impe- 
rial or regal power and dignity. Figuratively, regal 
power ; royalty ; kingly government, or executive au- 
thority. 2. A wreath or garland. 3. Honorary distinc- 
tion ; reward. 4. Honor ; splendor ; dignity. " 5. The 
top of the head ; the top of a mountain or other elevated 
object. The end of an anchor. 6 . The part of a hat 
which covers the top of the head. 7. A coin anciently 
stamped with the figure of a crown. 8 . Completion ; ac- 
complishment. 9. Clerical tonsure in a circular form ; a 
little circle shaved on the top of the head, as a mark of 
ecclesiastical office or distinction. — 10. Among jexcelcrs, 
the upper work of a rose diamond. — 11. In botany, an ap- 
pendage to the top of a seed, which serves to bear it in 
the wind. 

CROWN, V. t. 1. To invest with a crown or regal orna- 
ment. Hence, to invest with regal dignity and power. 


* See Sxjnopsis. MOVE, BOOK , D6VE BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 

‘ * 14 


CRU 


210 


CRU 


2. To cover, as with a crown j to cover the top. 3. To 
honor j to dignify ; to adorn. 4. To reward j to bestow 
an honorary reward or distinction on. 5. To reward ; to 
recompense. 6 . To terminate or finish 3 to complete j to 
perfect. 7. To terminate and reward. 

CROWNED, pp. Invested with a crown, or with regal 
power and dignity ; honored j dignified ; rewarded with 
a crown, wreath, garland or distinction j recompensed; 
terminated ; completed ; perfected. 

CROWN'ER, 71. He or that which crowns or completes. 

CROWN'ET, n. A coronet, which see. Shakspeare has 
used it for chief end or last purpose ; but this sense is 
singular. 

CROWN'-GLASS, n. The finest sort of English window- 
glass. 

CROWN'-IM-Pe'RI-AL, 71. A plant of the genus fritillaria, 
having a beautiful flower. 

CROWNHNG, ppr. Investing with a crown, or with royal- 
ty or supreme power ; honoring with a wreath or with 
distinction ; adorning ; rewarding ; finishing ; perfect- 
ing. 

CROWN'ING, n. 1. In architecture^ the finishing of a 
member or any ornamental work. — 2. In viarine lan- 
guage, the finishing part of a knot, or interweaving of the 
strands. 

CROWN^-OF-FICE, n. In England, an office belonging to 
the court of King’s Bench, of which the king’s coroner or 
attorney is commonly master, and in which the attorney- 
general and clerk exhibit infonnations for crimes and 
misdemeanors. 

CROVVN'-PoST, 71. In building, a post which stands up- 
right in the middle, between two principal rafters. 

€ROWN'-SGAB, n. A scab formed round the corners of a 
horse’s hoof, a cancerous and painful sore. 

€ROVVN'-THIS-TLE, 71. A flower. 

CROWN'-WHEEL, n. In a watch, the upper wheel next 
the balance. 

CRO\VN'-W 6 RK, 71. In fortification, an out-work running 
into the field, consisting of two demi-bastions at the ex- 
tremes, and an entire bastion in the middle, with cur- 
tains. 

GROYL'STONE, n. Crystalized cauk, in which the crystals 
are small. Johnson. 

GRU'CIAL, a. [Fr. cruciale.'] In surgery, transverse ; pass- 
ing across ; intersecting ; in form of a cross. 

€Ru'CIAN, n. A short, thick, broad fish, of a deep yellow 
color. 

GRU'CIATE, V. t. [L. crucio.'] To torture ; to torment ; to 
afflict with extreme pain or distress ; but the verb is sel- 
dom used. See Excruciate. 

GRu'CIATE, a. Tormented. [Little used.'] 

€RU CI-A'TION, 71. The act of torturing ; torment. [Little 
used.] Hall. 

CRu'Cl-BLE, 71. [It. crogiuolo nndi crociuolo.] 1. A chem- 
ical vessel or melting pot, made of earth, and so tempered 
and baked, as to endure extreme heat without melting. 
It is used for melting ores, metals, &c. ' 9. A hollow 
place at the bottom of a chemical furnace. 

CRU-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. crucifer.] Bearing the cross. 
Diet. 

€Ru'Ct-FT-ER, 71. A person who crucifies ; one who puts 
another to death on a cross. 

€Rtj'CI-FIX, 71. [L. crucifizus.] 1. A cross on which the 
body of Christ is fastened in effigy. 2. A representation, 
in painting or statuary, of our Lord fastened to the cross. 
3. Figuratively, the religion of Christ ; [little used.] Tay- 
lor. 

€RU-CI-FIX'ION, 71. The nailing or fastening of a person 
to a cross, for the purpose of putting him to death ; the act 
or punishment of putting a criminal to death by nailing 
him to a cross. 

CRU'Cl-FORM, a. [L. crux and forma.] Cross-shaped. — 
In botany, consisting of four equal petals, disposed in the 
form of a cross. 

CRU'CI-FY, V. t. [L. crucifix 0 •, Fr. crucifier.] ]. To nail 
to a cross 3 to put to death by nailing the hands and feet 
to a cross or gibbet. 2. In Scriptural language, to sub- 
due 3 to mortify 3 to destroy the power or ruling influence 
of. 3. To reject and despise. 4. To vex or torment 3 
[?{ot usedj] Burton. 

€RuCI-FY-ING, ppr. Putting to death on a cross or gib- 
bet ; subduing 3 destroying the life and power of. 

€IUJ-CIG'ER-0(JS, a. [L. cruciger.] Bearing the cross. 

€RUD, n. Curd. See Curd, the usual orthography. 

CRCD'DLE, V. i. To curdle 3 also, to stoop. Brackett. 

CRUDE, a. [L. crarfa*'.] 1. Raw 3 not cooked or prepared 
by fire or heat 3 in its natural state; undressed. 2. Not 
changed from its natural state 3 not altered or prepared by 
any artificial process. 3. Rough 3 harsh ; unripe ; not 
mellowed by air or other means. 4. Unconcocted ; not 
well digested in the stomach. 5. Not brought to perfec- 
tion 3 unfinished ; immature. 6 . Having indigested no- 
tions. 7. Indigested ; not matured 3 not well formed, 
arranged or prepared in the intellect. 


CRDDE'LY, adv. Without due preparation 3 without form 
or arrangement 3 without maturity or digestion. 

CRuDE'NESS, n. I. Rawness 3 unripeness 3 an undigested 
or unprepared state. 2. A state of being unformed, or 
irffligested 3 immatureness. 

€RU'DI-TY, 71. [L. cruditas.] Rawness 3 crudeness — 
Among physicians, undigested substances in the stomach. 

CRUD'LE, V. t. To coagulate. But this word is generally 
written curdle, which see. 

t CRUD'Y, a. 1. Concreted 3 coagulated. Spenser. 2. Rawj 
chill. Shak. 

CRu'EL, a. [Fr. cruel ; L. crudelis.] Disposed to give pain 
to others, in body or mind 3 willing or pleased to torment, 
vex or afflict 3 inhuman 3 destitute of pity, compassion or 
kindness 3 fierce 3 ferocious 3 savage 3 barbarous 3 bard* 
hearted 3 applied to persons. 

CRfj'EL-LY, adv. I. In a cruel manner; with cruelty j 
inhumanly 3 barbarously. 2. Painfully 3 with severe pain, 
or torture. 

CRU'EL-NESS, n. Inhumanity 3 cruelty. Spenser. 

CRu'EL-TY, 71. [h. crudelitas ^ 'Fx. cruautc.] I. Inhuman- 
ity 3 a savage or barbarous disposition or temper, which is 
gratified in giving unnecessary pain or distress to others 3 
barbarity 3 applied to persons. Shak. 2. Barbarous deed 3 
any act of a human being which inflicts unnecessary 
pain 3 any act intended to torment, vex or afflict, or which 
actually torments or afflicts, without necessity 3 wrong 3 
injustice 3 oppression. 

CRu'EN-TATE, a. [L. cruentatus.] Smeared with blood. 
[Little used.] Olanville. 

CRU-ENT'OUS, a. [L. cTnientus.] Bloody. 

CRU^ET, 71. [Fr. cruchette.] A vial, or small glass bottle, 
for holding vinegar, oil, &c. 

CRuISE, n. [D. kroes.] A small cup. See Cruse. 

CRuISE, V. i. [D. To sail back and forth, or to 

rove on the ocean in search of an enemy’s ships for cap- 
ture, or for protecting commerce 3 or to rove for plunder 
as a pirate. 

CRuISE, n. A voyage made in crossing courses 3 a sailing 
to and fro in search of an enemy’s ships, or by a pirate in 
search of plunder. 

CRUIS'ER, n. A person or a ship that cruises 3 usually, an 
armed ship that sails to and fro for capturing an enemy’s 
ships, for protecting the commerce cf the country, or for 
phinder. 

CRuISHNG, ppr. Sailing for the capture of an enemy’s 
ships, or for protecting commerce, or for plunder as a 
pirate. 

CRUM, n. [Sax. cruma.] A small fragment or piece 3 usu- 
ally, a small piece of bread or other food, broken or cut 
otf. 

CRUM, V. t. To break or cut into small pieces. 

CRUM'BLE, V. t. [D. kruimelen ; G. krumeln.] To break 
into small pieces 3 to divide into minute parts. 

CRUM'BLE, V. i. I. To fall into small pieces 3 to break or 
part into small fragments. 2. To fall to decay 3 to per- 
ish. 

CRUM'BLED, pp. Broken or parted into small pieces. 

CRUM'BLING, ppr. Breaking into small fragments 3 falling 
into small pieces 3 decaying. 

t CRU'ME-NAL, 77. [L. crumena.] A purse. Spenser, 

CRUM'MA-BLE, a. Capable of being broken into small 
pieces. 

CRUM'MY, a. Full of crums ; soft. 

CRUMP, a. [Sax. crT/TTjp.] Crooked 3 as, crMTwp-shouldered. 

CRUMP ET, 7 {. A soft caKe. 

CRUM'PLE, V. i. To draw or press into wrinkles or folds 3 
to rumple. Addison. 

CRUM'PLE, v.i. To contract 3 to shrink. Smith. 

CRUM'PLED, pp. Drawn or pressed into wrinkles. 

CRUIM'PLING, ppr. Drawing or pressing into wrinkles. 

CRUM'PLING, 77 . A small, degenerate apple. 

t crun^’le, ! 'T'* "y 

CRu OR, 77. [L.] Gore ; coagulated blood. 

CRUP, or CRoUP, n. The buttocks. 

fCRUP, a. Short 3 brittle. 

* CRIJP'PER, 77 . [Fr. c7'oiipiere.] 1. In the manege, the 
buttocks of a horse 3 the rump. 2. A strap of leather 
which is buckled to a saddle, and, passing under a horse’s 
tail, prevents the saddle from being cast forward on to the 
horee’s neck. 

'^'CRUP'PER, V. t. To put a crupper on. _ 

CRu'ilAL, a. [L. cruralis.] Belonging to the leg; as the 
a-ural artery, which conveys blood to the legs, and the 
crxtral vein, which returns it. 

CRU-SaDE', 77 . [Fr. croisade.] A military expedition, un- 
dertaken by Christians, for the recovery of the Holy Land, 
the scene of our Savior’s life and sufferings, from the 
power of infidels or Mohammedans. 

CRU-SaDE', 77. A Portuguese coin, stamped with a cross. 

CRU-SaD'ER, 77 . A person engaged in a crusade. 

CRU-Sa'DO, n. The same as crusade. 

CRUSE, 77. [D. kroes.] A small cup.— In J^ew England, it 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, f), Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY 3 — PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3 — 1; Obsolete, 


CRY 


211 


CUB 


Is used chiefly or wholly for a small bottle or vial for vin- 
egar, called a vinegar-cnise. 

€RC'SET, n. [Fr. creuset.] A goldsmith’s crucible or melt- 
ing pot. Phillips. 

CRFSfl, V. t. [Fr. ecraser ; S\v. krossa.} 1. To press and 
bruise between two hard bodies ; to squeeze, so as to 
force a thing out of its natural shape ; to bruise by pres- 
sure. 2. To press with violence j to force together into a 
mass. 3. To overwhelm by pressure ; to beat or force 
down, by an incumbent weight, with breaking or bruis- 
ing. 4. To overwhelm by power ; to subdue ; to conquer 
beyond resistance. 5. To oppress grievously. 6. To 
bruise and break into fine particles by beating or grinding j 
to comminute. 

CRUSH, V. i. To be pressed into a smaller compass by ex- 
ternal weight or force. 

CRUSH, 71. A violent collision, or rushing together, which 
breaks or bruises the bodies 3 or a fall that breaks or 
bruises into a confused mass. 

CRUSH a Cup. To empty a cup ; to drink together. Shak. 

CRUSHED, pp. Pressed or squeezed so as to break or 
bruise ; overwhelmed or subdued by power 3 broken or 
bruised by a fall 3 grievously oppressed 3 broken or bruised 
to powder 3 comminuted. 

CRUSH'ER, 71. A violent breaker. 

CRUSHING, ppr. Pressing or squeezing into a mass, or 
until broken or bruised 3 overwhelming 3 subduing by 
force 3 oppressing 3 comminuting. 

CRUST, 71. [L. crw.sta.] 1. An external coat or covering 
of a thing, which is hard, or harder than the intemal sutn 
stance. 2. A piece of crust 3 a waste piece of bread. 3. 
A shell, as the hard covering of a crab and some other 
animals. 4. A scab. 5. The superficial substances of 
the earth are, in geology j called its crust. 

CRUST, V. t. 1 . To cover with a hard case or coat 3 to 
spread over tlie surface a substance harder than the mat- 
ter covered. 2. To cover with concretions. 

CRUST, V. i. To gather or contract into a hard covering 3 
to concrete or freeze, as superficial matter. 

€RUS-TA-CE-OL'0-GY. See Crustalogy. 

CRUS-Ta'CEOUS, a. [Fr. crustacee.] Pertaining to crust 3 
like crust 3 of the nature of crust or shell. Crustaceous 
animals, or Crustacea, have a crust or shell composed of 
sev'eral jointed pieces. 

CRUS-Ta'CEOUS-NESS, 71. The quality of having a soft 
and jointed shell. 

CRUS-TA-LOG'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to crustalogy. 

CRUS-TAiyO-GiST, 71. One who describes, or is versed in 
the science of crustaceous animals. 

CRUS-TAL'O-GY, n. [L. crusta, and Gr. Xoyo?.] That 
part of zoology which treats of crustaceous animals. 

CRUST'A-TED, a. Covered with a crust. 

CRUS-Ta'TION, 71. An adherent crust 3 incrustation. 

CRUST'ED, pp. Covered with a crust. 

CRUSTT-LY, adv. Peevishly 3 harshly 3 morosely. 

CRUST'I-NESS, 71. 1. The quality of crust 3 hardness. 2. 
Peevishness 3 moroseness 3 surliness. 

CRUST'ING, ppr. Covering with crust. 

CRUST'Y, a. 1. Like crust 3 of the nature of crust 3 per- 
taining to a hard covering 3 hard. 2. Peevish 3 snap- 
pish 3 morose 3 surly. 

CRUTCH, 71. [It. croccia.] 1. A staff with a curving cross- 
piece at the head, to be placed under the arm or shoulder, 
to support the lame in walking. 2. Figuratively, old 
age. 

CRUTCH, v.t. To support on crutches 3 to prop or sustain, 
with miserable helps, that which is feeble. 

CRUX, 77. [L.] Any thing that puzzles and vexes. [Little 
used.i Dr. Sheridan. 

CRU'YS-HAGE, 71. A fish of the shark kind. 

CRU-Za'DO. See Crusado. 

CRY, V. i. ; pret. and pp. cried. [Fr. crier. ~\ 1. To utter a 
loud voice 3 to speak, call or exclaim with vehemence. 
2. To call importunately 3 to utter a loud voice, by way 
of earnest request or prayer. 3. To utter a loud voice in 
weeping 5 to utter the voice of sorrow 3 to lament. 4. To 
utter a loud sound in distress. 5. To exclaim 3 to utter a 
loud voice ; with out. 6. To proclaim 3 to utter a loud 
voice, in giving public notice. 7. To bawl 3 to squall 3 as 
a child. 8. To yelp, as a dog. It may be used for the 
uttering of a loud voice by other animals. — To cry against, 
to exclaim, or utter a loud voice, by way of reproof, 
threatening or censure. — To cry out. 1. To exclaim 5 to 
vociferate 3 to scream 3 to clamor. 2. To complain loudly. 
— To cry out against, to complain loudly, with a view to 
censure 3 to blame 3 to utter censure. — To cry to, to call 
on in prayer 3 to implore. 

€RY, V. t. To proclaim 5 to name loudly and publicly for 
giving notice. — 7’o c 7 -y down. 1. To decry 3 to depreciate 
by words or in writing 3 to dispraise 3 to condemn. 2. To 
overbear. — To cry up, to praise 3 to applaud 5 to extol. 

CRY, 71.; plu. Cries. 1. In a general sense, a loud sound ut- 
tered by the mouth of an animal 3 applicable to the voice 
of man or beast, and articulate or inarticulate. 2. A loud 


or vehement sound, uttered in weeping, or lamentation ; 
it may be a shriek or scream. 3. Clamor 3 outcry. 4. 
Exclamation of triumph, of wonder, or of other passion. 
5. Proclamation 3 public notice. 6. The notices of hawk- 
ers of wares to be sold in the street are called cries. 7. 
Acclamation 3 expression of popular favor. 8. A loud 
voice in distress, prayer or request 3 importunate call. 
9. Public reports or complaints 3 noise 3 fame. 10. Bitter 
complaints of oppression and injustice. 11. The sound or 
voice of irrational animals 3 expression of joy, fright, 
alarm or want. 12. A pack of dogs. 

CRY'AL, 77. [W. cregyr.] The heron. Ainsworth. 

CRY'ER, 77. A crier, which see. 

CllY^ER, 77. A kind of hawk, called the falcon gentle, an 
enemy to pigeons, and very swift. 

CRY'IiN'G, ppr. Uttering aloud voice 3 proclaiming, &c. 

CRY'ING, a. Notorious 3 common 3 great. Addison. 

CRY'IIVG, 77. Importunate call 3 clamor 3 outcry. 

CRY'O-LITE, 77. [Gr. Tcpvo? and A fluate of soda 

and alumin, found in Greenland. 


CRY-OPH'O-RUS, 77. [Gr. Kpvos and ^opeo).] Frost-bearer 3 
an instrument for showing the relation between evapora- 
tion at low temperatures and the production of cold. 


URYPT, 77. [Gr. Kpunrio .] A subterranean cell or cave, 
especially under a church, for the interment of persons 3 
also, a subterranean chapel or oratory, and the grave of a 
martyr. 

€R\ P'TI€, } Hidden 3 secret 3 occult. Watts. 


€RYP'TI-€AL, 

€RYP^TI-€AL-LY, adv. Secretly. 

CRYP'TO-GAM, n. [See Cryptogamy.] In botany, a plant 
whose stamens and pistils are not distinctly visible. 
€RYP-TO-Ga'MI-AN, a. Pertaining to plants of the class 
cryptogamia. 


€RYP-TOG^A-MY, n. [Gr. KpvnTo’g and yapog.] Concealed 
marriage 3 a term applied to plants whose stamens and 
pistils are not well ascertained. 

CRYP-TOG'RA-PHER, n. One who writes in secret char- 


acters. 


CRYP-TO-GRAPIPI-CAL, a. Written in secret characters 
or in cipher, or with sympathetic ink. 

CRYP-TOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. Kpunrog and ypaepw.] The 
act or art of writing in secret cliaracters 3 also, secret 
characters or cipher. 

CRYP-TOL^O-GY, 77. [Gr. Kpuirros and Xoyo?.] Secret or 
enigmatical language. 

CRYS'TAL, 77. [^L. crystallus.] I. In chemistry and min- 
eralogy, an inorganic body, which, by the operation of 
affinity, has assumed the form of a regular solid, termi- 
nated by a certain number of plane and smooth surfaces. 
2. A factitious body, c<ast in glass-houses, called crystal 
glass ; a species of glass, more perfect in its composition 
and manufacture than common glass. 3. A substance of 
any kind having the form of a crystal. 4. The glass of a 
watch-case . — Ruck crystal, or mountain crystal, a general 
name for all the transparent crystals of quartz, particularly 
of limpid or colorless quartz. 

CRYS'TAL, a. Consisting of crystal, or like crystal 3 clear 3 
transparent 5 lucid 3 pellucid. 

CRYS'TAL-FORM, a. Having the form of crystal. 

CRYS'T A-LINE, a. [L. crystallinus.] 1. Consisting of 
crystal. 2. Resembling crystal 3 pure 3 clear 3 transpa- 
rent 3 pellucid . — Crystaline humor, or crystalinc lens, a 
lentiform pellucid body, composed of a very white, trans- 
parent, firm substance, inclosed in a membranous capsule, 
and situated in a depression in the anterior part of the 
vitreous humor of the eye. 

CRYS'TAL-iTE, n. A name given to whinstone, cooled 
slowly after fusion. Hall. 

CRYS'TAL-i-ZA-BLE, a. That maybe crystalized 3 tliat 
may form or be fonned into crystals. 

€RYS-TAL-I-ZaRTON, 77. 1. The act or process by which 
the parts of a solid body, separated by the intervention of 
a fluid or by fusion, again coalesce or unite, and form a 
solid body. 2. The mass or body formed by the process 
of crystalizing. 

CPlYS'TAL-iZE, V. i. To cause to form crystals. 

CRYS'TAL-IZE, v.i. To be converted into a crystal 3 to 
unite, as the separate particles of a substance, and form a 
determinate and regular solid. 

CRYS'TAL-iZED, pp. Formed into crystals. 

CRYS'TAL-I-ZING, ppr. Causing to crystal ize 3 forming or 
uniting in crystals. 

CRYS-TAL-OGRA-PHER, n. One who describes crystals, 
or the manner of their formation. 

CRYS-TAL-O-GRAPH'IC, 1 a. Pertaining to crystalog- 

CRYS-TAL-O-GRAPIPl-CAL, \ raphy. 

€RYS-TAL-0-GRAPHT-€AL-LY% adv. In the manner of 
crystalography. 

CRY"S-TAL-OGRA-PHY, 77. [crystal, and ypa^n.] L The 
doctrine or science of crystal ization. 2. A discourse or 
treatise on crystalization. 

CUB, 77. 1. The young of certain quadrupeds, as of th« 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 5— BULL, UNITE.— € as K 5 G as J 3 $ as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


X 


I 




CUD 212 CUL 


bear and the fox ; a puppy ; a whelp. Waller uses the 
word for the you-ng of the whale. 2. A young boy or girl, 
in contempt, Shak. 
t CUB, 71. A stall for cattle. 

CUB, V. i. To bring forth a cub, or cubs. In contempt^ to 
bring forth young, as a woman. 
fCUB, v. t. To shut up or confine. Burton, 

CU-Ba'TION, n, [L. cubatio,^ The act of lying down ; a 
reclining. Diet. 

Cc'iiA-To-Ry, a. Lying down j reclining; incumbent. 
Cu'B A-TURE, n. The rinding exactly the solid or cubic 
contents of a body. Harris. 

CUBE, n. [Gr. kv^o^ L. cub 2 /.s,l 1. In freomefry, a regular 
solid body, with six equal siues, and containing equal 
angles. — 2. In arithmetic^ the product of a number multi- 
plied into itself, and that product multiplied into the same 
number. — Cube-root is the number or quantity, which, 
multiplied into itself, and then into the product, produces 
the cube. 

CuBE'-OKE, n. Ilexahedral olivenite, or arseniate of iron, 
a mineral of a greenish color. Ure. 

Cu'CEB, n. [Sp. cubeba.] The small spicy berry of the 
piper cubeba. 

Cu'BIC, I a. [L. cubicus.] Having the form or proper- 
CU'BIC-AL, ) ties of a cube ; that may be or is contain- 
ed within a cube. — Cubic number is a number produced 
by multiplying a number into itself, and that product by 
the same number. 

Ce'BIC-AL-LY, adv. In a cubical method. 
CO'BIC-AL-NESS, n. The state or quality of being cubical. 
CU-BIC'U-LAR, a. [L. cubiculum.^ Belonging to a cham- 
ber. 

CU-BIC'U-LA-RY, a. [L. cubicuhim.] Fitted for the pos- 
ture of lying down. [Little used.] 

CO'Bt-FORM, a. Having the form of a cube. Coze. 

CU'BIT, n. [L. cubitus.] 1. In anatomy^ the fore arm ; the 
a bone of the arm from the elbow to the wrist. — 2. 
In mensuration^ the length of i man’s arm from the elbow 
to the extremity of the middle finger. The cubit, among 
the ancients, was of a different length among different na- 
tions. Dr. Arbuthnot states the Roman cubit at 17 inches 
and 1 tenths ; the cubit of the Scriptures at a little less 
than 22 inches ; and the English cubit at 18 inches. 
Cu'BIT-AL, a. 1. Of the length or measure of a cubit. 

Brown. 2. Pertaining to the cubit or 7ilna. 

€U'B1T-ED, a. Having the measure of a cubit. 
Cu'BO-DO-DE-€A-Hk'DRAL, a. Presenting the two 
forms, a cube and a dodecahedron. Cleavcland. 
€u'B01D, a. Having the form of a cube, or differing little 
from it. 

CU-BOID'AL, a. [Gr. AcujSof and Cubiform ; in the 

shape of a cube. 

CU'BO-OC-TA-He'DRAL, a. Presenting a combination of 
the two forms, a cube and an octahedron. 
CUCK^ING-STOOL, n. An engine for punishing scolds and 
refractory women ; also brewers and bakers ; called also 
a tumbrel and a trebuchet. 

CUCK'OLD, n. [Chaucer, cokewold ; Fr. cocm. 1 A man 
whose wife is false to his bed ; the husband or an adul- 
teress. 

CUCK'OLD, V. t. 1. To make a man a cuckold by crimi- 
nal conversation with his wife. 2. To make a husband a 
cuckold by criminal conversation with another man. 
CUCK'OLD-D6M, n. The act of adultery ; the state of a 
cuckold. Dryden. 

CUCK^OLD-LY, a. Having the qualities of a cuckold ; 
mean ; sneakhig. Shak. 

CUCK'OLD-Ma'KER, n. One who has criminal conversa- 
tion with another man’s wife ; one who makes a cuckold. 
Dryden. 

CIJCK'OO, n. [L. cuculus ; Fr. coucou.] A bird of the genus 
cuculus, whose name is supposed to be called from its 
note. 

CT)CK'00-FL0W/ER, or €1J€K'00-BUD, n. A plant, a 
species of card amine. 

CUCK/OO-PINT, n. A plant of the genus arum. 
CtjCK'OO-SPIT, ) n. A dew or exudation found on 
CijCK'OO-SPIT'TLE, ^ plants, especially about die joints 
of lavender and rosemary. 

f cue OUEAN, [Fr. coquine.] A vile, lewd woman. 
CU'CUIi-LATE, )a. [L. cucullatus.] 1. Hooded; cowl- 
€u'CUL-LA-TED, ^ ed ; covered as with a hood. 2. 
Having the shape or resemblance of a hood ; or wide at 
the top, and diawn to a point below, in shape of a conical 
roll of paper. 

*CU'CUM-BER, w. [Fr. coucombre, or concombre ,* from L. 
cucumer, or cucumis.] The name of a plant and its fruity 
of the genus cucumis. 

€u CUR-P»IT, n. [L. cucurbita.] A chemical vessel in the 
shape of a gourd ; but some of them are shallow, with a 
wide mouth. 

CU-€UR-BI-Ta'CEOUS, a. Resembling a gourd. 

CUD, H. 1. The food which ruminating animals chew at 
leisure, when not grazing or eating ; rr that portion of it 


which is brought from the first stomach and chewed at 
once. 2. A portion of tobacco held in the mouth and 
chewed. 3. TJie inside of tJie mouth or throat of a beast 
that chews the cud. 

fCUD'DEN, or fCUD'DY, n. A clown; a low rustic; a 
dolt. Dryden. 

CUD'DLE, V. i. [Arm. cuddyo.] To retire from sight; to lie 
close or snug ; to squat. Prior. 

CUD DY, n. J. In ships, an apartment ; a cabin under the 
poop, or a cook-room. 2. The cole-fisii. 

CUD GEL, n. [VV. co^el.] A short, thick stick of wood, 
such as may W used by the hand in beating. — To cross 
the cudgels, to forbear the contest ; a plmise borrowed 
from tlie practice of cudgel-playei*s, who lay one cudgel 
over another. 

CUD GEL, V. t. 1. To beat with a cudgel or thick stick. 
Swift. 2. To beat in general. Shak. 

CUD'GEL-ER, n. One who beats with a cudgel. 

CUD'GEL-PROOF, a. Able to resist a cudgel ; not to be 
hurt by beating. Hudibras. 

CUD'LE, 71. A small sea-fish. Carew. 

CUD'VVEED, n. A plant of the genus gnaphalium. 

CUE, n. [Fr. queue ; L. cauda.] 1. I ne tail ; the end of a 
thing, as the long curl of a wig, or a long roll of hair. 2. 
The last words of a speech, which a player, who is to an- 
swer, catches, and regards as an intimation to begin. A 
hint given to an actor on the stage, what or when to 
speak. 3. A hint ; an intimation ; a short direction. 4. 
The part which any man is to play in his turn. 5. Humor ; 
turn or temper of mind ; [vulgar.] 6. A farthing or far- ‘ 
thing’s worth. 7. The straight rod used in playing bill- 
iards. 

CUERTO, (kwer'po) n. [Sp. cuerpo.] To be in cuerpo, or to 
walk in cuerpo, are Spanish phrases for being without a 
cloke or upper garment, or without the formalities of a 
full dress. 

CUFF, n. 1. A blow with the fist; a stroke ; a box. 2. It 
is used of fowls that fight with their talons. — To be at 
f sty-cuffs, to fight with blows of the fist. 

CUFF, V. t. To strike wdth the fist, as a man ; or with tal- 
ons or wings, as a fowl. Dryden. 

CUFF, V. i. To fight ; to scuffie. Dryden. 

CUFF, n. The fold at the end of a sleeve ; the part of a 
sleeve turned back from the hand. 

CUl-Bo'NO. [A Latin expression often tised.] For what 
purpose ; to what end. 

CUIiS'AGE, n. The making up of tin into pigs, &c., for 
carriage. Bailey. 

*CUI-RASS', (kwe-ras') 71. [Fr. cttira^se.] A breast-plate ; 
a piece of defensive armor. 

CU1R-AS-SIeR', (kwer-as-seeF) n. A soldier armed with a 
cuirass, or breast-plate. Milton. 

*CU1SH, (kwis) n. [Fr. cuisse.] Defensive armor for the 
thighs. Dryden. 

CUL'DEE, 71. [L. cultores Dei.] A monkish priest, remark- 
able for religious duties. The Culdees formerly inhabited 
Scotland, Ireland, and Wales. 

Cu'LER-AGE, 71. [Fr. cul.] Another name of the arse- 
smart. 

Cu'Ll-CI-FORM, a. [L. culex.] Of the form or shape of a 
flea ; resembling a flea. 

Cu'Ll-NA-RY, a. [L. culinarius.] Relating to the kitchen, 
or to the art of cookery ; used in kitchens. JsTewton. 

CULL, n. A fool ; one who is easily imposed upon. See 
Cully. 

CULL, V. t. [qu. Fr. cueillir.] To pick out; to separate one 
or more things from others ; to select from many. Pope. 

CULLED, pp. Picked out ; selected from many. 

CUL'LEN-DER, 71 . A strainer. See Colander. 

CULL'ER, n. One who picks or chooses from many ; an 
inspector who selects merchantable hoops and staves for 
market. 

CULL-I-BILT-TY, n. Credulity ; easiness of belief. Swift. 

CULL'ING, ppr. Selecting ; choosing from many. 

CULL'ING, u. Any thing separated or selected from a 
mass ; refuse. Drayton. 

CULL'ION, (kuPyun) 7J. [\i. coglione.] I. A mean wretch. 

If from cully, one easily deceived ; a dupe. Dryden. 2. 
[L. coZcMs.] A round or bulbous root ; orchis. 

fCULL'ION-LY, a. Mean; base. Shak. 

CUL'LIS, 7J. [Fr. cotiZts.] 1. Broth of boiled meat strained. 

2. A kind of jelly. 

CUL'LUM-BINE. See Columbine. 

CULL'Y, n. A person who is meanly deceived, tricked or 
imposed on, as by a sharper, jilt or strumpet; amean dupe. 

CULLW, V. t. [D. kullen.] To deceive ; to trick, cheat or 
impose on ; to jilt. 

CULL'Y-ISM, 77. The state of a cully. [CwZZyand its de- 
rivatives are not elegant W’ords.] 

CULM, 77. [L. culrnus.] 1. In botany, the stalk or stem of 
corn and grasses, usually jointed and hollow, and sup- 
porting the leaves and fructification. 2. The straw or 
dry stalks of corn and grasses. 3 A species of fossil coal. 

CUL'MEN, 77. [L.] Summit. Sir T. Herbert. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, Zo/7^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— ^Obsolete. 


CUM 


213 


CUP 


CUL-MIF'ER*OUS, a, [L. culmus and fero.] Producing 
stalks. Culmiferous plants have a smooth jointed stalk, 
and their seeds contained in chaffy husKs, as wheat, rye, 
oats and barley. 

€UL'MI-NATE, V. i. [L. cnlmen.] To be vertical; to come 
or be in the meridian ; to be in the liighest point of alti- 
tude, as a planet. 

CUL-MI-Na'TION, 71 . 1. The transit of a planet over the 
meridian, or highest point of altitude for the day. 2. Top ; 
crown. ♦ 

CUL-PA-BIL'I-TY, 71. Blamableness ; culpableness. 

CUL'PA-BLE, a. [Low L. culpabilis.] 1. Blamable; de- 
serving censure ; as the person who has done wrong, or 
the act, conduct or negligence of the person. 2. Sinful ; 
criminal; immoral; faulty. 3. Guilty of; [not used.] 

€ULTA-BLE-NESS, n. Blamableness ; guilt ; the quality 
of deserving blame. 

€LTL'P.\-BLY, ado. Blamably ; in a faulty manner; in a 
manner to merit censure. 

CUL'PllIT, 71 . 1. A person arraigned in court for a crime. 
2. Any person convicted of a crime ; a criminal. 

CUL'TER, 71. [L.] A colter, which see.^ 

CUL'Tl-VA-BLE, a. Capable of being tilled or cultivated. 
Edwards, W. Ind. 

CUL'TI-VATE, v.t. [Fr. cultivcr.] 1. To till ; to prepare 
for crops ; to manure, plough, dress, sow and reap ; to la- 
bor on, manage and improve in husbandry. 2. To im- 
prove by labor or study ; to advance the growth of ; to 
refine and improve by correction of faults and enlarge- 
ment of powers or good qualities. 3. To study ; to labor 
to improve or advance. 4. To cherish ; to foster ; to labor 
to promote and increase. 5. To improve ; to meliorate, 
or to labor to make better ; to correct ; to civilize. 6. To 
raise or produce by tillage. 

CUL'TI-V A-TED, pp. Tilled; improved in excellence or 
condition ; corrected and enlarged ; cherished ; melior- 
ated ; civilized ; produced by tillage. 

CUL'T[-VA-TING, ppr. Tilling; preparing for crops ; im- 
proving in worth or good qualities ; meliorating ; enlar- 
ging ; correcting ; fostering ; civilizing ; producing by 
tillage. 

€UL TI-Va'TION, 71. 1. The art or practice of tilling and 
preparing for crops ; husbandry ; the management of land. 
2. Study, care and practice directed to improvement, cor- 
rection, enlargement or increase ; the application of the 
means of improvement. 3. The producing by tillage. 

CUL'TI-VA-TOR, n. 1. One who tills or prepares land for 
crops ; one who manages a farm, or carries on the opera- 
tions of husbandry in general ; a farmer; a husbandman ; 
an agriculturist. 2. One who studies or labors to im- 
prove, to promote and advance in good qualities, or in 
growth. 

CUL'TRA-TED, a. [L. cultratus.] Sharp-edged and point- 
ed ; formed like a knife. 

CULT'URE, n. [L. cultura.] 1. The act of tilling and pre- 
paring the earth for crops ; cultivation ; the application of 
labor or other means of improvement. 2. 'Elie applica 
tion of labor or other means to improve good qualities in, 
or growth. 3. The application of labor or other means in 
producing. 4. Any labor or means employed for improve- 
ment, correction or growth. 

CULT'URE, V. t. To cultivate. Thomson. 

€UL'VER, 71 . [Sax. culfer, culfra.] A pigeon or wood- 
pigeon. Thomson. 

GUL'VER-HOUSE, 77. A dove-cote, llarmar. 

CUL'VER-IN, n. [Fr. coulenvrin e.] A long, slender piece 
of ordnance or artillery, serving to carry a ball to a great 
distance. 

CUL'VER-KeY, 77 . A plant or flower. Walton. 

CUL'VERT, 77. A passage under a road or canal, covered 
with a bridge ; an arched drain for the passage of water. 

GUL'VER.-TATL, v. Dove-tail, in joinery and carpentry. 

CUL'VER-T AILED, a. United or fastened, as pieces of 
timber, by a dove-tailed joint. 

GUM'BEXT, a. [L. cumbo.] Lying down. 

CU.'.BBER, V. t. [Dan. hummer.] 1. To load or crowd. 2. 
To check, stop or retard, as by a load or weight ; to make 
motion difficult ; to obstruct. 3. To perplex or embar- 
rass ; to distract or trouble. 4. To trouble ; to be trouble- 
some to ; to cause trouble or obstruction in, as any thing 
useless. Thus, brambles ctimber a garden or field. 

CUxM'BER, 77 . Hinderance ; obstruction; burdensomeness; 
embarrassment ; disturbance ; distress. [ This word is now 
scarcely used.] 

CUM'BER-SoME, a. I. Troublesome ; burdensome ; em- 
barrassing ; vexatious. 2. Unwieldy ; unmanageable ; 
not easily borne or managed. 

€UM'BER-F6ME-IiY, ado. In a manner to encumber. 

€UM'BER-S6ME-NE.SS, n. Burdensomeness ; the quality 
of being cumbersome and troublesome. 

€U.M'BRAXCE, n. That which obstructs, retards, or renders 
motion or action difficult and toilsome ; burden ; encum- 
brance ; hinderance ; oppressive load ; embarrassment. 

CUM'BROUS, a. 1. Burdensome; troublesome; rendering 


action difficult or toilsome ; oppressive. 2. Giving trou- 
ble ; vexatious. 3. Confused ; jumbled ; obstructing each 
other. 

CUM'BROUS-LY, adv. In a cumbrous manner. 

CUM'FREY, 77 . A genus of plants, the symphytum ; some- 
times written comfrey, comfry, and comphry. 

CUM'IN, 77. [L. ca777 7 77 U 777.] An annual plant of onc species, 
whose seeds have a bitterish, warm taste, with an aro- 
matic flavor. 

Cu'MU-LATE, V. t. [L. cumulo.] To gather or throw into 
a heap ; to form a heap ; to heap together. JVoodieard. 

CU-MU-IiA'TION, 77 . The act of heaping together ; a heap. 
See Accumulation. 

€u'MU-LA-TI VE, a. 1. Composed of parts in a heap; 
forming a mass. 2. That augments by addition ; that is 
added to something else. — In law, that augments, as evi- 
dence, facts or arguments of the same kind. 

CUN, v.t. 1. To know; [not used. See Con.] 2. To 
direct the course of a ship. See Cond, the true orthcgra- 
phy. 

CUNC-Ta'TION, n. [L. cunctor.] Delay. [JVot much 
used.] 

CUNC-Ta^TOR, 71. One who delays or lingers. [Little used.] 
Hammond. 

CUND, V. t. To give notice. See Cond. 

€u'NE-AL, a. [L. cunetis.] Having the form of a wedge. 

CO'nI-aS^’d, S Wedge-shaped. 

'f'Cu'NEI-FORM, 1 a. Having the shape or form of a 

CO'Nl-FORM, 1 wedge. 

CUN'NER, 77. [lepas.] A kind of fish, less than an oyster. 

CUIN^NING, a. [Sax. c7/77 77 a77, 007777077 .] 1. Knowing ; skil- 
ful ; experienced ; well-instructed. 2. Wrought with 
skill; curious; ingenious. [The foi'egoing senses are obso- 
lete.] 3. Artful ; shrewd ; sly ; crafty; astute; design- 
ing. 4. Deceitful ; trickish ; employing stratagems for a 
bad purpose. 5. Assumed with subtilty ; artful. 

CUN'NING, 77 . 1. Knowledge ; art ; skill ; dexterity ; [ 0 / 75 .] 

2. Art; artifice; artfulness; craft; shrewdness; the fac- 
ulty or act of using stratagem to accomplish a purpose. 
Hence, in a bad sense, deceitfulness or deceit ; fraudulent 
skill or dexterity. 

CUNWING-LY, adv. Artfully ; craftily ; with subtilty ; 
with fraudulent contrivance. 

€UN'NiNG-MAN, n. A man who pretends to tell fortunes, 
or teach how to recover stolen or lost goods. 

CUN'NING-NESS, 77 . Cunning; craft; deceitfulness. 

CUP, 77 . [Sax. cop, or citpp.] 1. A small vessel of capacity, 
used commonly to drink out of. 2. The contents of a 
cup ; the liquor contained in a cup, or that it may contain. 

3. In a Scriptural sense, sufferings and afflictions ; that 
which is to be received or endured. 4. Good received ; 
blessings and favors. 5. Any thing hollow, like a cup ; 
as, the cup of an acorn. The bell of a flower ; and a 
calyx is called a flotcer-cup. 6. A glass cup or vessel 
used for drawing blood in scarification. — Cup and can, fa- 
miliar cfompanions. Swift. — Cups, in the plural, social en- 
tertainment in drinking ; merry bout. 

GUP, V. t. 1. In surgery, to apply a cupping glass to pro- 
cure a discharge of blood from a scarified part of the body. 
2. To supply with cups ; [oZ»s.] Shah. 

€UP'BEaR-ER, 77 . An attendant of a prince or at a feast, 
who conveys wine or other liquors to the guests ; an offi- 
cer of Uie king’s household. 

* CUP Board, 77 . OriVjnaZZr/, a board or shelf for cups to 
stand on. — In modern houses, a small case or inclosure in 
a room, with shelves, destined to receive cups, plates, 
dishes and the like. Dryden. 

* f CUP'BoARD, V. t. To collect into a cupboard ; to hoard. 
Shah. 

CUP'GALL, 77 . A kind of gall found on oak-leaves. 

CUP'-liOSE, 77. The poppy. 

Cu'PEL, 77 . [L. cupella.] A small cup or vessel used in re- 
fining metals. 

CU-PEL-La'TION, 77 . The refining of gold or silver by a 
cupel or by scorification. 

CU-PID'I-TY, 77 . [L. cupiditas.] An eager desire to possess 
something ; an ardent wishing or longing ; an inordinate 
or unlawful desiie of wealth or power. 

Cu'PO-LA, 77 . [It. cupola ; Sp. cupula.] In architecture, a 
spherical vault on the top of an edifice ; a dome ; or the 
round top of a dome. 

t CO'PO-LAID, a. Having a cupola. Herbert. 

CUPTEL. See Coppel. 

CUP'PER, 77 . One who applies a cupping-glass ; a scarifier. 

CUP'PING, ppr. Applying a cupping-glass, with scarifica- 
tion ; a drawing blood with a cupping-glass. 

CUP'PING-GLXSS, 77 . A glass vessel like a cup, to be ap- 
plied to the skin, before and after scarification, for drawing 
blood. 

CU'PRE-OUS, a. [L. cupreus.] Coppery ; consisting of 
copper ; resembling copper, or partaking of its qualities. 

CU-PRIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. cuprutn.] Producing or affording 
copper. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


CUR 


214 


CUR 


CUR, n. [qu. Lapponic, coira.] A degenerate dog j and, in 
reproach, a worthless man. Addison. Dryden. 

Ctj'RA-BLE, a. That may be healed or cured 5 admitting a 
remedy. Dryden. 

CU'RA-BLE-NESS, n. Possibility of being cured, healed or 
remedied. 

Cl 3 'RA-CY, or Cu'RATE-SHIP, n. 1 . The office or employ- 
ment of a curate. 2 . A benefice held by license from the 
bisliop. 

CU'PtATE, n. [L. curator, or curatus.'] 1 . A clergyman in 
the church of England, who is employed to perform divine 
service in the place of the incumbent, parson or vicar. 
2 . One employed to perform the duties of another. Drtj- 
den. 

CCr'RA-TiVE, a. Relating to the cure of diseases j tending 
to cure. Arbuthnot. 

CU-Ra'TOR, 7i. [L.] 1 . One who has the care and super- 

intendence of any thing. 2 . A guardian appointed by 
law. — 3 . Among tlie Romans, a trustee of the affairs and 
interests of a person emancipated or interdicted. — 4 . In 
the United Provinces, or Holland, the curator of a univer- 
sity superintends the affairs of the institution, tlie admin- 
istration of the revenues, the conduct of the professors, 
&c. 

CURB, n. [Fr. courber.'] 1 . In the manege, a chain of iron 
made fast to the upper part of the branches of the bridle, 
in a hole called the eye, and running over the beard of the 
horse. 2 . Restraint ; check j hinderance. 3 . A frame or 
a wall round the mouth of a well. 4 . [Fr. courbe.] A 
hard and callous swelling on the hind part of the hock of 
a horse’s leg. A tumor on the inside of a horse’s hoof. 
Johnson. A swelling beneath the elbow of a horse’s hoof. 
Bailey. 

CURB, V. t. 1 . To restrain ; to guide and manage, as a 
horse. 2 . To restrain ; to check ; to hold back ; to con- 
fine ; to keep in subjection. 3 . To furnish or surround 
with a curb, as a well. 4 . To bend ; [not lised.] 

CURBED, pp. Restrained j checked 3 kept in subjection ; 
furnished with a curb. 

CURB'ING, ppr. Holding back ; checking ; restraining. 

CURBING, n. A check. 

CURB'-STONE, n. A stone placed at the edge of a pave- 
ment, to hold the work together. It is written, some- 
times, kerb or kirb. 

CURD, w. [Ir. cruth ; Scot, cmids. Sometimes in English, 
cr^ld.] The coagulated or thickened part of milk, which 
is formed into cheese. 

CURD, V. t. To cause to coagulate 5 to turn to curd. Shak. 

CUR'DLE, V. i. [sometimes written crudle.] 1 . To coagu- 
late or concrete 3 to thicken, or change into curd. 2 . To 
thicken 3 to congeal. 

CUR'DLE, V. t. 1 . To change into curd 3 to cause to thick- 
en, coagulate, or concrete. 2 . To congeal or thicken. 

CUR'DLED, pp. Coagulated 3 congealed. 

CUR'DLING, ppr. Concreting 5 coagulating. 

CURD'Y, a. Like curd 5 full of curd 3 coagulated. 

CURE, n. [L. cura ; Fr. cure.'] 1 . A healing 3 the act of 
healing 3 restoration to health from disease, and to sound- 
ness from a wound. 2 . Remedy for disease 3 restorative 3 
that which heals. 3 . The employment of a curate 3 the 
care of souls 3 spiritual charge. 

CURE, V. t. [L. cxiro.] 1 . To heal, as a person diseased, or 
a wounded limb 3 to restore to health, as the body, or to 
soundness, as a limb. 2 . To subdue, remove, destroy or 
put an end to 3 to heal, as a disease. 3 . To remedy 3 to 
remove an evil, and restore to a good state. 4 . To dry 3 
to prepare for preservation. 

Cured, pp. Healed 3 restored to health or soundness 3 re- 
moved, as a disease 3 remedied 3 dried, smoked, or other- 
wise prepared for preservation. 

CORE'LESS, a. That cannot be cured or healed 3 incura- 
ble 5 not admitting of a remedy. 

CuR'ER, n. A healer 3 a physician 5 one who heals. 

CUR'FEW, 71 . [Fr. couvre-feu.] 1 . The ringing of a bell or 
bells at night, as a signal to the inhabitants to rake up 
their fires and retire to rest. This practice originated in 
England from an order of William the Conqueror, who di- 
rected that at the ringing of the bell, at eight o’clock, ev- 
ery one should put out his light and go to bed. 2 . A cover 
for a fire 5 a fire-plate 3 [not used.] Bacon. 

f €U-RI-AL'I-TY, 7t. [h. curialis.] The privileges, prerog- 
atives or retinue of a court. Bacon. 

CuR'ING, ppr. Healing 3 restoring to health or soundness 3 
removing, as an evil 3 preparing for preservation. 

CORTNG-HOUSE, n. A building in which sugar is drained 
and dried. Edwards, W. Ind. 

CU-RI-O-LOGHC, a. [Gr. /cuptoXoym.] Designating a rude 
kind of hieroglyphics, in which a thing is represented by 
its picture. 

CU-RI-OS'I-TY, 77. [L. curiodlas.] l.*A strong desire to 
see something novel, or to discover something unknown, 
either by research or inquiry 3 a desire to gratify the senses 
with a sight of what is new or unusual, or to gratify the 
mind with new discoveries 3 inquisitiveness. 2 . Nicety 3 


delicacy. 3 . Accuracy 3 exactness 3 nice performance ; 
curiousness. 4 . A nice experiment 3 a thing unusual, or 
worthy of curiosity. 5 . An object of curiosity 3 that 
which excites a desire of seeing, as novel and extraordi- 
nary. 

€U-R Lo'SO, 71. [It.] A curious person 3 a virtuoso. 

€u'RI-OUS, a. [X. curiosus.] 1 . Strongly desirous to see 
what is novel, or to discover what is unknown 3 solicit- 
ous to see or to know 3 inquisitive. 2 . Habitually inquis- 
iti^^e 3 adaicted to research or inquiry. 3 . Accurate 3 
carefifl not to mistake 3 solicitous to be correct. 4 . Care- 
ful 3 nice 3 solicitous in selection 3 difficult to please. 5 . 
Nice 3 exact 3 subtile 3 made with care. 6. Artful 3 nicely 
diligent. 7 . Wrought with care and art 3 elegant 3 neat 3 
finished. 8. Requiring care and nicety. 9 . Rigid 3 se- 
vere 3 particular 3 [little used.] 10 . Rare 3 singular. 

€tj'RI-OUS-LY, adv. 1 . With nice inspection 3 inquisitive- 
ly 3 attentively. 2 . With nice care and art 3 exactly 3 
neatly 3 elegantly. 3 . In a singular manner 3 unusually. 

CC'RI-OUS-NESS, 77. 1 . Fitness to excite curiosity 3 exact- 
ness of workmanship. 2 . Singularity of contrivance. 3 . 
Curiosity. 

CURL, V. t. [D. krullen.] 1 . To turn, bend or form into 
ringlets 3 to crisp, as the hair. 2 . To writhe 3 to twist 3 
to coil, as a serpent. 3 . To dress with curls. 4 . To raise 
in waves or undulations 3 to ripple. 

CURL, V. i. 1 . To bend in contraction 5 to shrink into ring- 
lets. 2 . To rise in waves or undulations 3 to ripple 3 and, 
particularly, to roll over at the summit. 3 . To rise in a 
winding current, and to roll over at the ends. 4 . To 
writhe 3 to twist itself. 5 . To shrink 3 to shrink back 3 
to bend and sink. 

CURL, 77. ] . A ringlet of hair, or any thing of a like form. 
2 . Undulation 3 a waving 3 sinuosity 3 flexure. 3 . A 
winding in the grain of wood. 

CURL-HEAD'ED, or CURLED-PATE, a. Having the hair 
curled. Shak. 

CURLED, i>p. Turned or formed into ringlets 3 crisped 3 
twisted 3 undulated. 

CUR'LEW, 77. [Fr. courlis, or corlieu.] 1 . An aquatic fowl 
of the genus scolopaz and the grallic order. 2 . A fowl, 
larger than a partridge, with longer legs, which frequents 
the corn-fields in Spain. 

CURL'I-NESS, 77. A state of being curly. 

CURL'ING, ppr. Bending 3 twisting 3 forming into ringlets. 

CURL'ING-LY, adv. In a waving fashion or manner. 

CURL'ING-T-RONS, ) n. An instrument for curling the 

CURL'ING-TONGS, ) hair. 

CURL'Y, a. Having curls 3 tending to curl 3 full of ripples. 

CUR-MUD'GEON, n. An avaricious, churlish fellow 3 a 
miser ; a niggard 3 a churl. Hudibras. 

CUR-MUD'GEON-LY, a. Avaricious 3 covetous 3 niggard- 
ly 3 churlish. L’Estraiwe. 

CUR'RANT, 77. [from Corinth.] 1 . The fruit of a well- 
known shrub belonging to the genus ribcs. 2 . A small 
kind of dried grape, imported from the Levant, chiefly 
from Zante and Cephalonia 3 used in cookery. 

CUR'REN-CY, 77. 1 . Literally, a flowing, running or pass- 
ing 3 a continued or uninterrupted course, like that of a 
stream. 2 . A continued course in public opinion, belief 
or reception 3 a passing from person to person, or from 
age to age. 3 . A continual passing from hand to hand, as 
coin or bills of credit 3 circulation. 4 . Fluency 5 readiness 
of utterance. 5 . General estimation 3 the rate at which 
any thing is generally valued. 6. That which is current, 
or in circulation, as a medium of trade. 

GUR'RENT, a. [L. currcns.] 1 . Literally, flowing, run- 
ning, passing. Hence, passing from person to person, or 
from hand to hand 3 circulating 3 as, current opinions 3 
current coin. Hence, common, general or fashionable 3 
generally received 3 popular. Swift. 2 . Established by 
common estimation 3 generally received. 3 . Passable 3 
that may be allowed or admitted. 4 . Now passing 3 pres- 
ent in its course. 

€UR'RENT, 77. ]. A flowing or passing 3 a stream 3 applied 
to fluids. 2 . Course 3 progressive motion, or movement 5 
continuation. 3 . A connected series 3 successive course. 
4 . General or main course. 

CUR'RENT-LY, adv. In constant motion 3 with continued 
progression. Hence, commonly 3 generally 3 popularly 3 
with general reception. 

€UR'RENT-NESS, n. 1 . Currency ; circulation 3 general 
reception. 2 . Fluency 3 easiness of pronunciation. 

CUR'RI-CLE, 77. [L. curriculum.] 1 . A chaise or carriage, 
with two wheels, drawn by two horses abreast. 2 . A 
chariot 3 [o&s.] 3 . A course 3 [o&s.] 

CURfRIED, pp. Dressed by currying 3 dressed as leather 3 
cleaned ; prepared. 

CUR'RI-ER, 77. [L. coriarius.] A man who dresses and 
colors leather, after it is tanned. 

CUR'RISH, a. Like a cur 3 having the qualities of a cur , 
brutal 3 malignant 3 snappish 3 snarling 3 churlish 3 in- 
tractable 3 quarrelsome. 

CUR»RISH-LY, adv. Like a cur 3 in a brutal manner. 


* Sm Synopsis. R, E, T, 0, V, Y, Zo 77 |r.~FAR, F^LL, WHAT 3 — PR^Y 5 — PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3 — f Obsolete, 


CUR 


215 


cus 


CUR'RISH-NESS, n. Moroseness ; churlishness. 

€LJR'RY, V. t. [Fr. coi'roijer.] 1. To dress leather, after it 
is tanned ; to soak, pare or scrape, cleanse, beat and color 
tanned hides, and prepare them for use. 2. To rub and 
clean with a comb. 3. To scratch or claw ; to tear, in 
quarrels. 4. To rub or Stroke ; to make smooth ; to tickle 
by flattery ; to humor. But generally used in the phrase, 
'I'o curry favor, to seek or gain favmr by flattery, caresses, 
kindness, or oflicious civilities ; [not elegant.] Hooker. 

CUR'RY-CoMB, n. An iron instrument or comb, for rub- 
bing and cleaning horses. 

CUR'llY-lNG, i)pr. Scraping and dressing j cleaning; 
scratching. 

GFRSE, V. t. ; pret. and pp. cursed, or curst. [Sax. cursian, 
corsian.] 1. To utter a wish of evil against one ; to im- 
precate evil upon ; to call for mischief or injury to fall up- 
on ; to execrate. 2. To injure ; to subject to evil ; to vex, 
harass or torment with great calamities. 3. To devote to 
evil. 

CURSE, V. i. To utter imprecations ; to affirm or deny with 
imprecations of divine vengeance. 

CURSE, n. 1. Malediction ; the expression of a wish of evil 
to another. 2. Imprecation of evil. 3. Affliction ; tor- 
ment ; great vexation. 4. Condemnation ; sentence of 
divine vengeance on sinners. 5. Denunciation of evil. 

CURSED, pp. 1. Execrated ; afflicted ; vexed ; tormented ; 
blasted by a curse. 2. Devoted to destruction. 

CURS'ED, a. 1. Deserving a curse ; execrable ; hateful ; de- 
testable ; abominable. 2. a. Vexatious. Dryden. 

CURS^ED-LY, adv. In a cursed manner ; enormously ; 
miserably ; in a manner to be cursed or detested. [A low 
word.] 

CURS'ED-NESS, n. The state of being under a curse, or of 
being doomed to execration or to evil. 

CURS'ER, n. One who curses, or utters a curse. 

CUR'SHIP, n. Dogship ; meanness; ill-nature. 

CURS'ING, ppr. Execrating ; imprecating evil on , de- 
nouncing evil ; dooming to evil, misery, or vexation. 

CURS'ING, n. Execration ; the uttering of a curse ; a doom- 
ing to vexation or misery. 

CUR'SI-TOR, n. [L. curso, cursito.] In England, a clerk 
in the court of chancery, whose business is to make out 
original writs. 

CUR'SIVE, a. [It. corsivo.] Running ; flowing. Cursive 
hand is a running hand. 

t CUR'SO-RA-RY, a. Cursory; hasty. Shak. 

CUR'SO-RI-LY, adv. In a running or hasty manner ; slight- 
ly ; hastily ; without attention. 

CU R'SO-RI-NESS, n. Slight view or attention. 

CUR'SO-RY, a. [L. cursorius.] 1. Running ; hasty ; slight ; 
superficial ; careless ; not with close attention. 2. Run- 
ning about ; not stationary. 

CURS3', pp. of curse. 

CURST, a. Hateful ; detestable ; froward ; tormenting ; 
vexatious ; peevish ; malignant ; mischievous ; mali- 
cious ; snarling. 

CURST'NESS, n. Peevishness ; malignity ; frowardness ; 
crabbedness ; surliness. 

CURT, fl. [L. CMrtits.l Short. Brown. [Rarely tised.] 

CUR-TaIL', V. t. [Fr. court and tailler.] To shorten ; to 
cut off the end or a part. Hence, in a more general sense, 
to shorten in any manner ; to abridge ; to diminish. 

CUR'T AIL-DOG, n. A dog whose tail is cut off, according 
to the forest laws, and therefore hindered from coursing. 
Shak. 

CUR-TaIL'ED, (kur-tald') pp. Cut short or shorter ; abridg- 
ed. 

CUR-TaIL'ER, n. One who cuts off any thing. 

CUR-TaIL'ING, ppr. Cutting short or shorter ; abridging. 

CUR-TaILHNG, n. Abridgment; abbreviation. 

CUR'TAIN, (kur'tin) n. [It. cortina.] 1. A cloth hanging 
round a bed, or at a window, which may be contracted, 
spread or drawn aside at pleasure ; intended for ornament, 
or for use. Also, the hangings about the ark, among the 
Israelites. 2. A cloth-hanging used in theatres, to con- 
ceal the stage from the spectators. This is raised or let 
down by cords. Hence the phrases, to drop the curtain, 
to close the scene, to end ; to raise the curtain or the cur- 
tain will rise, to denote the opening of the play ; and to 
draw the curtain, is to close it, to shut out the light or to 
conceal an object ; or to open it and disclose the object. 
Behind the curtain, in concealment, in secret. — 3. In for- 
tification, that part of the rampart which is between the 
flanks of two bastions. — 4. In Scripture, tents ; dwellings. 

CUR'TAIN, V. t. To inclose with curtains ; to furnish with 
curtains. Shak. 

CUR'TAIN-LEC'TURE, n. Reproof given in bed by a wife 
to her husband. Addison. 

CURT'AL, n. A horse with a docked tail. B. Jonson. 

GURT'AL, a. Short ; abridged ; brief. Milton. 

CURT'ATE, a, [L. curtatus.] The curtate distance, in as- 
tronomy, is the distance of a planet from the sun to that 
point, where a perpendicular let fall from the planet meets 
with the ecliptic. 


GUR-Ta'TION, n. The interval between a planet’s dis* 
tance from the sun and the curtate distance. 

GUR'TE-LASSE, ) ^ ^ 

GUR'TE LAX. \ Cutlass. 

CURT'I-LAGE, n. In laic, a yard, garden, inclosure or 
field near and belonging to a messuage. 

t CURT'L Y, adv. Briefly. 

GURT'SY. See Courtesy. 

Cu'RULE, a. [L. curulis.] Belonging to a chariot. The 
curule chair or seat, among the Romans, was a stool with- 
out a back, covered with leather, and so made as to be 
folded. It was conveyed in a chariot, and used by public 
officers. 

€URV'A-TED, a. Curved ; bent in a regular form. 

€URV-a'TION, n. The act of bending. 

€URV'A-TURE, n. [L. curvatura.] A bending in a regular 
form ; crookedness, or the manner of bending ; flexure by 
which a curve is formed. 

CURVE, (kurv) a. [L. curvus.] Bending ; crooked ; in 
fleeted in a regular form, and forming part of a cir- 
cle. 

CURVE, n. A bending in a regular form, or without an- 
gles ; that which is bent; a flexure ; part of a circle. — In 
geometry, a line which may be cut by a right line in more 
points than one. 

CURVE, V. t. [L. curvo.] To bend ; to crook ; to inflect. 

CURVED, pp. Bent ; regularly inflected. 

CURV'ET, n. [It. corvetta.] 1. In the manege, a particu- 
lar leap of a horse, when he raises both his fore legs at 
once, equally advanced, and as his fore legs are falling, 
he raises his hind legs, so that all his legs are raised at 
once. 2. A prank ; a frolick. 

CURV'ET, V. i. [It. corvettare.] 1. To leap ; to bound ; to 
spring and form a curvet. 2. To leap and frisk. 

CUR-VI-LIN'E-AR, or CUR-VI-LIN'E-AL, a. [L. curvus 
and linea.] Having a curve line ; consisting of curve 
lines ; bounded by curve lines. 

CUR-VI-LIN-E-AR'I-TY, n. The state of being curvilinear, 
or of consisting in curve lines. 

CURV'ING, ppr. Bending in a regular form ; crooked. 

CURV'I-TY, 71. [L. curvitas.] A bending in a regular 
form ; crookedness. Holder 

CUSH' AT, n. The ring-dove or wood-pigeon. 

CUSH'ION, (kush'in) n. [Fr. coussin.] 1. A pillow for a 
seat ; a soft pad to be placed on a chair ; a bag, stuffed 
with wool, hair or other soft material. 2. A bag of leath- 
er filled with sand, used by engravers to support the plate. 
— 3. In gilding, a stuffing of fine tow or wool, covered by 
leather, on a board ; used for receiving the leaves of gold 
from the paper, in order to its being cut into proper sizes 
and figures. — Ladrfs cushion, a plant, a species of saxifra- 
ga. Lee. — Sea cushion, sea pink or thrift, a species of sta 
lice. Lee.' 

CTJSH'ION, V. t. To seat on a cushion. 

CiiSH'IONED, a. Seated on a cushion. 

CijSH'ION-ET, 71. A little cushion. Beaumont. 

t CUSK'IN, 71. A kind of ivory cup. Bailey. 

CUSP, 71 . [L. cuspis.] The point or horn of the moon. 

CUSP'A-TED, a. |l. Pointed ; ending in a point. 

CUSP'I-DAL, a. Ending in a point. More. 

fCUSP'I-DATE, V. t. To sharpen. Cockeram. 

CUSP'I-DATE, ) a. [L. cuspidatus.] Having a sharp end, 

CUSP'I-DA-TED, ) like the point of a spear ; terminating 
in a bristly point. 

CUS'PIS, 77. [L.l The sharp end of a thing. More. 

CUS'TARD, n. [Cymbric, cwstard.] A composition of milk 
and eggs, sweetened and baked or boiled, forming an 
agreeable kind of food. 

CUS'TARD-AP'PLE, n. A plant, a species of annona. 

CUS-To'DI-AL, a. Relating to custody or guardianship. 

CUS'TO-DY, 71. [L. custodia.] 1. A keeping ; a guarding ; 
care, watch, inspection, for keeping, preservation or se- 
curity. 2. Imprisonment ; confinement ; restraint of lib- 
erty.' 3. Defense from a foe ; preservation ; security. 

CUS'T6M,7i. [Fr. cou£m7/7c.] I. Frequent or common use, 
or practice ; a frequent repetition of the same act ; hence, 
way ; established manner ; habitual practice. 2. A buy- 
ing of goods ; practice of frequenting a shop and purchas- 
ing or procuring to be done. — 3. In law, long established 
practice, or usage, which constitutes the unwritten law, 
and long consent to which gives it authority. 

€US'T6M, V. t. 1. To make familiar. See Accustom, 
which is the word used. 2. To give custom to. 

GUS'ToM, V. i. To accustom. Spenser. 

€US'T6M, n. [Fr. coutume.] Tribute, toll or tax ; that is, 
cost or charge paid to the public. Customs, in the plural, 
the duties imposed by law on merchandise imported or 
exported. 

€US'T6M-HOUSE, n. The house where vessels enter and 
clear, and where the customs are paid or secured to be 
paid, 

€US'T6M-A-BLE, a. 1. Common ; habitual ; frequent. 2. 
Subject to the payment of the duties called customs. Law 
of Mass. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


CUT 216 CYL 


CUS'T 6 M-A-BLE-NESS, n. Frequency ; conformity to 
custom. [Little used.l 

CU.S'ToM-A-BLY, ado. According to custom. 

€’US^ToM-A-RI-LY, ado. Habitually j commonly. 

CUJjs'ToM-A-RI-NESS, n. Frequency j commonness j ha- 
bitual use or practice. 

CUS'TolM-A-R Y, a. [Fx. covtumier.'] 1. According to cus- 
tom, or to established or common usage. 2. Habitual ; in 
common practice. ‘3. Holding by custom. 4. Held by 
custom. 

CUS T 6 M-A-RY, n. [Fr. coutuniier, coustumier.] A book 
containing laws and usages, or customs. 

CUS'ToMED, a. 1. Usual ; common ; to which we are ac- 
customed. 2 . Furnished with customers. 

CUS'T 6 M-ER, 71. 1 . One who frequents any place of sale 
for the sake of purchasing goods ; one who purchases 
goods or wares. 2. One who frequents or visits any place 
for procuring what he wants. 3. A toll-gatherer j 

UUS^TOS, n. [L.] A keeper ; as, custos brevium. 

tCUS'TREL, n. [qu. Old Fr. couatillier.] A buckler-bearer. 
Also, a vessel for holding wine. 

UUS'TU-MA-RY, ?i. A book of laws and customs. Sel- 
dcii. 

CUT, V. t. ; pret. and pp. cut. [Norm. cotti.'\ 1. To separate 
the parts of any body by an edged instrument, either by 
striking, as with an axe, or by sawing or rubbing 3 to make 
a gash, incision or notch, which separates the external 
part of a body, as, to cut the flesh, it signifies also to cut 
into pieces 3 to sever or divide. 2. To hew. 3. To carve, 
as meat 3 to carve or engrave in sculpture. 4. To divide ; 
to cleave, by passing through. 5. I’o penetrate 3 to pierce 3 
to affect deeply, (j. To divide, as a pack of cards. 7. To 
intersect 3 to cross. 8 . To castrate. 

To cut across j to pass by a shorter course, so as to cut off an 
angle or distance. — To cut asunder^ to cut into pieces 5 to 
divide 5 to sever. — To cut down, to fell 3 to cause to fall by 
severing. Hence, to depress 5 to abash 3 to humble 5 to 
shame 3 to silence. Addison . — To cut off. 1. To separate 
one part from another. 2. To destroy 3 to extirpate 3 to 
put to death untimely. 3. To separate 3 to remove to a dis- 
tance, or to prevent all intercourse. 4. To interrupt. 
5. To separate 3 to remove 3 to take away. 6 . To in- 
tercept 3 to hinder from return, or union. The troops 
were cut off from the ships. 7. To end 3 to finish. 8 . 
^\) prevent or preclude. 9. To preclude or shut out. 
10. To stop, interrupt or silence. — To cut on. 1. To has- 
ten 3 to run or ride with the utmost speed 3 [a vulgar 
jihrase.'] 2. To urge or drive in striking 3 to quicken 
blows 3 to hasten. — To cut out. 1. To remove a part by 
cutting or carving. 2. To shape or form by cutting. 3. 
To scheme ; to contrive 3 to prepare. 4. To shape 3 to 
adapt. 5. To debar. 6 . To take the preference or pre- 
cedence of. 7. To step in and take the place of, as in 
courting and dancing. 8 . To interfere as a horse, when 
the shoe of one foot beats off the skin of the pastern joint 
of another. — 7'o cut short. 1. To hinder from proceed- 
ing by sudden interruption. 2. To shorten 3 to abridge. 
— To cut up. 1. To cut in pieces 3 as, to cut up beef. 2. 
To eradicate 5 to cut off. 

CUT, V. i. 1. To pass into or through, and sever 3 to enter 
and divide the parts. 2. To be severed by a cutting in- 
strument. 3. To divide by passing. 4. To perform a 
surgical operation by cutting, especially in lithotomy. 5 . 
To interfere, as a horse. — To cut in, to divide, or turn a 
card, for determining who are to play. 

CUT, pp. Cashed 3 divided 3 hewn 3 carved 3 intersected 3 
pierced 3 deeply affected 3 castrated. — Cut and dry, pre- 
pared for use 3 a metaphor from hewn timber. 

CUT, n. 1. The action of an edged instrument 3 a stroke or 
blow, as with an axe or sword. 2. A cleft 3 a gash 3 a 
notch 3 a wound 3 the opening made by an edged instru- 
ment, distinguished by its length from that made by 
perforation with a pointed instrument. 3. A stroke or 
blow with a whip. 4. A channel made bj' cutting or dig- 
ging 5 a ditch 5 a groove 5 a furrow 3 a canal. 5. A part 
cut off from the rest. Also, any small piece or shred. 6 . 
A lot made by cutting a stick. 7. A near passage, by 
which an angle is cut off'. 8 . A picture cut or carved on 
wood or metal, and impressed from it. 9. The stamp on 
which a picture is carved, and by which it is impressed. 
10 . The act of dividing a pack of cards. 11 . Manner in 
which a thing is cut 3 form 3 shape 3 fashion. 12. A fool 3 
a cully 3 a gelding. [.Vet in use .] — Cut and long tail, men 
of all kinds 3 a proverbial expression borrowed from 
dog's. 

CU-Ta'NE-OUS, a. Belonging to the skin, or cutis ,• exist- 
ing on, or affecting the skin. 

€UTH, in Saxon, signifies known, or famous. Hence, 
Cuthwin, a famous conqueror. Oihson. 

Cu'TI-CLE, n. [L. cutirnda.] 1 . The scarf-skin 3 the thin, 
exterior coat of the skin, which rises in a blister ; a thin, 
pellucid membrane covering the true skin. 2. The thin, 
external covering of the bark of a plant. 3. A thin skin 
formed on the surface of liquor. 


€U-TIC'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to the cuticle, or external 
coat of the skin. 

CUT'LAS, n. [Fr. coutelas.] A broad, curving sword 5 a 
hanger 3 used by soldiers in tJie cavalry, by seamen, &c. 

CUT'LER, n. [Fr. coutelier.] One whose occupation is to 
make knives and other cutting instruments. 

UUT'LER-Y, n. The business of making knives 3 or, more 
generally, knives and other edged instruments in general. 

CUT'LET, 71. [Fr. cdtelettc.] A small piece of meat for 
cooking. 

CUT'PURSE, 71. One who cuts purses for stealing them or 
their contents. One who steals from the person 3 a thief 3 
a robber. 

CUT'TER, 77 . 1. One who cuts or hews. 2. An instrument 
that cuts. 3. A fore tooth that cuts meat, as distinguished 
from a grinder. 4. A small boat used by sJiips of war. 
Also, a vessel with one mast and a straight running bow- 
sprit, which may be run in upon deck. 5. An officer in 
the exchequer that provides w'ood for the tallies. 6 . A ruf- 
fian 3 a bravo ; a d<^< 5 troyer 3 [oi»s.] 

CUT'-THRoAT, 71 . A murderer 3 an assassin 3 a ruffian. 

Dry den. _ 

€UT^-THRoAT, a. Murderous 3 cruel 3 barbarous. Carew. 

UUT'TING, ppr. ]. Dividing by an edged instrument 3 
cleaving by the stroke or motion of an edged instrument, 
as by a knife, axe, or saw 3 hewing 3 carving 3 intersect- 
ing 3 piercing. 2. a. Piercing the heart 3 wounding the 
feelings 3 deeply affecting with shame or remorse 3 pun- 
gent 3 piquant 3 satirical. 

CUT'TING, 71. 1. A separation or division 3 a piece cut off 3 
a slip. 2. The operation of removing a stone from the 
bladder. 

GUT'TLE, 1 71. [Sax. cTiiZeZe.] 1. A genus of 7 noZZii.sca, 

€JUT'TLE-FISn, | called sepia. Cuttle ii: used for a foul- 
mouthed fellow. 2. A knife 3 [not in use.'] Shak. 

UUT'-WA-TER, 71. The fore part of a ship’s prow, or knee 
of the head, which cuts the water. Also, a water-fowl. 

f€UT'-W 6 RK, 71. Embroidery. B. Jonson. 

CY'A-NITE, 71. [Gr. Koavog.] A mineral of a Berlin blue 
color. 

CY-AN'O-GEN, 71. [Gr. Kvavo^ and yepvao).] Carbureted 
azote, or carburet of nitrogen. 

CY 7 ATHT-FORM, a. [L. cyathus.] In the form of a cup, or 
drinking-glass, a little widened at the top. 

CY€'LA-DeS, n.plu. [Gr. xuxAoj.] A number of isles ar- 
ranged round the isle of Delos, in the Grecian Sea, in the 
form of a circle. 

CYC'LA-MEN, n. [L.] In botany, sow-bread. Sprat. 

CY'CLE, 71. [Gr. kvk^os ; L. cyclus.] 1. In chronology, a 
period or series of numbers, which regularly proceedlfrom 
first to It^t, and then return to tlie first in a perpetual cir- 
cle. 2. The cycle of the moon, or golden number, or Me- 
tonic cycle, so called from its inventor Melon, is a period 
of nineteen years, which being completed, the new and 
full moons return on the same days of the month.— 3. The 
cycle of the sun is a period of twenty-eight years. — 4. Cy- 
cle of indiction, a period of fifteen years. 5 ' A round of 
years, or period of time, in which the same course begins 
again. 6. An imaginary orb or circle in the heavens. 

CYC'LO-GRAPH, n. [Gr. kvkXos and ypa0w.] An instru- 
ment for describing the arcs of circles. 

CY'CEOID, 71. [Gr. kvkXos and ei^os.] A geometrical curve, 
on which depends tlie doctrine of pendulums 3 a figure 
made by the upper end of the diameter of a circle turning 
about a right line. 

CY-GLOID^\L, a. Pertaining or relating to a cycloid. 

CYOLO-LITE, 71. A name given to madrepores. 

CY-€LOM^E-TRY, n. [Gr. kvk\os and perpeu).] The art 
of measuring cycles or circles. 

CY-€LO-Pe'AN, a. Pertaining to the Cyclops 3 vast 5 ter- 
rific. Hall. 

CY-€LO-Pe'DI-A, or CY'CLO-PeDE, ti. [Gr. xuxXoj and 
Tai6eia.'] The circle or compass of the arts and sciences 3 
circle of human knowledge. Hence, the book or books 
that contain treatises on every branch of the arts and 
sciences, arranged under proper heads, in alphabetical 
order. See Encyclopedia. 

CY-CLOPTC, a. Pertaining to the Cyclops 3 gigantic 3 sav- 
age. 

CY'GLOPS, 77 . [Gr. /cutcAwi//.] In falndous history, certain 
giants, the sons of Neptune and Amphitrite, who had but 
one eye, which was circular, and in the midst of the fore- 
head. 

CY'DER. See Cider. 

CYG'NET, 77. [L. cygnus, eyemts.] A young swan. 

CYL'IN-DER, 77. [Gr. Kv'SivSpog.] In geometry, a solid l>ody 
supposed to be generated by the rotation of a parallelo- 
gram round one of its sides 3 or a long circular body of 
uniform diameter, and its extremities forming equal par- 
O.II 0 I circles 

CYL-IN-DRa'CEOUS, a. Cylindrical. [Little used.] 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, o, U, Y, Zo 77 ^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT 3 — PR£Y 3 — PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


DAC 


217 


DAG 


CY-LIN'DRI€, I «• Having the form of a cylinder, or 

CY-LrX'lJRI-€AL, | partaking of its properties. 

(;Y-LIN'DRI-F0RM, a. [c7/li/ider and form.'] Having the 
form of a cylinder. 

CYL'IN-DROID, n. [cylinder^ and a^o?.] A solid body, ap- 
proaching to the figure of a cylinder, but differing in some 
respects, as having the bases elliptical, but parallel and 
equal. 

CY-MaR', n. A slight covering ; a scarf ; properly, simar. 

CY-Ma'TI-UM, or CY'MA, n. [L.] In architecture^ a 
member or molding of the cornice, the profile of which is 
waving. 

CYM'BAL, 71. [It. cymbalum.] 1. A musical instrument used 
by the ancients. 2. A mean instrument, used by gip- 
sies and vagrants, made of steel wire, in a triangular 
form. 

CYM'BI-FORM, a. Shaped like a boat. 

CY'ME, or CY'MA, n. [Gr. Afu/za.] Literally, a sprout, par- 
ticularly of the cabbage. Technically , an aggregate flow- 
er composed of several florets. 

CYM'LING, 77. A squash. Virginia. 

CYM'O-PHANE, 71. [Gr. Acy/za and 0atva).] A mineral, called 
also chrysobcryl. 

CY-MOPIFA-NOUS, a. Having a wavy, floating light; opa- 
lescent ; chatoyant. 

CY'MOSE, ) a. Containing a cyme; in the form of a cyme. 

CY'MOUS, ^ Martyn. 

CY-NAX'€FIE, n. [Gr. Kovay^y.] A disease of the throat, 
attended with inliamination. 

CY-NAN'THRO-PY, n. [Gr. acuwv and avdpto-nog.] A kind 
of madness in which men have the qualities of dogs. 

CY-NARG-TOM'A-€HY, v. [Gr. kviov, apKTog, and pay^y.] 
Bear-baiting with a dog. [ji barbaro^is word.] Hudibras. 

tCYX-E-GET'I€S, n. The art of hunting with dop. 

CYN'IC, ) a. [Gr. AcuT/tAfo?.] Having the qualities of a 

CYN I-CAL, \ surly dog ; snarling ; captious ; surly ; cur- 
rish ; austere . — Cynic spasm, a kind of convulsion, in 
which the patient imitates the howling of dogs. 


CY'NQC, n. A man of a canine temper ; a surly or snarling 
man or philosopher; a follower of Hiogenes; a misan- 
thrope. 

CYNfl-CAL-LY, adv. In a snarling or morose manner. 

CYN'I-CAL-NESS, n. Moroseiicss ; contempt of riches and 
amusements. 

CYN'ICS, n. In ancient history, a sect of philosophers, who 
valued themselves on tJieir contempt of riches, of arts, 
sciences and amusements. 

*CYN'0-SURE, n. [Gr. Acovoo-otipa.] The constellation near 
the north pole, consisting of seven stars. 

CY'ON. See Cion. 

CYTHER. S6C Cipher. 

CY'PRESS, 71. [L. cupressus.] 1. A genus of plants or trees. 
2. The emblem of mourning fo*- the dead, cypress branch- 
es having been anciently used at funerals. 

CYP'IIIN, a. Pertaining to the fish of the genus cyprinus. 

CYTRUS, 77. A thin, transparent, black stuff. Shak. 

CYR-I-0-L0G'I€, a. [Gr. Kvpiog and \oyng.] Relating or 
pertaining to capital letters. 

CYST, or CYS'TIS, n. [Gr. Acurrrif.] A bag or tunic which 
includes morbia matter in animal bodies. 

CYSTRC, a. Pertaining to a cyst, or contained in a cyst. — 
Cystic oxyd, a name given to a peculiar substance, sup- 
posed to be generated in the bladder, or rather in the 
kidneys. 

CYS'TO-CeLE, 77. [Gr. Kvarig and Ky\y.] A hernia or rup- 
ture formed by the protrusion of the urinary bladder. 

CYS-TOT'O-M Y, 77. [Gr. Kvarig and repwo.] Tlie act or 
practice of opening encysted tumors, for the discharge of 
morbid matter. 

CYT'l-SUS, 77. A shrub or tree. Also, a genus of trees ; 
tre^-trefoil. 

CZAR, 77. A king ; a chief ; a title of the emperor of 
Russia ; pronounced tzar, and so written by good au- 
thors. 

CZAR-I'NA, 77. A title of the empress of Russia. 

CZAR'ISH, a. Pertaining to the czar of Russia. 



D in the English alphabet, is the fourth letter, and the 
j third articulation. 

D is a dental articulation, formed by placing the end of the 
tongue against the gum just above the upper teeth. It is 
nearly allied to T. It lias but one sound, as in do, din, 
bad ; and is never quiescent in English words. 

As a numeral, D represents five hundred, and when a dash 

or stroke is placed over it, thus, D, it denotes five thousand. 
As an abbreviation , D stands for Doctor ; as, M. D., Doctor of 
Medicine ; D. T., Doctor of Theology, or S. T. D., Doctor 
of Sacred Theology ; D. D., Doctor of Divinity, or dono de- 
dit ; D. D. D., dat, dicat, dedicat ; and D. D. D. D., dignum 
Deo donum ded'it. 

DA CA'PO. [It.] In music, these words signify that the first 
part of the tune is to be repeated from the beginning. 
DAB, V. t. [Fr. dauber.] 1. To strike gently with the hand ; 
to slap ; to box. 2. To strike gently with some soft or 
moist substance. 

DAB, 77. 1. A gentle blow with the hand. 2. A small lump 
or mass of any thing soft or moist. 3. Something moist or 
slimy thrown on one. — 4. In law language, an expert 
man. 5. A small flat fish, of the genus pi euronectes, of a 
dark-brown color. 

DAB'BLE, V. t. [Belgic, dahben, or dabbelen.] Literally, to 
dip a little or often ; hence, to wet ; to moisten ; to spat- 
ter ; to wet by little dips or strokes ; to sprinkle. 
DAB'BTiE, 77.7. 1. To play in water; to dip the hands, 
throw water and splash about ; to play in mud and water. 
2. To do any thing in a slight or superficial manner ; to 
tamper ; to touch here and there. 3. To meddle ; to dip 
into a concern. 

DAB BLER, n. 1. One who plays in water or mud. 2. One 
who dips slightly into any thing ; one who meddles, with- 
out qoing to the bottom ; a superficial meddler. 

DAB BLING, ppr. Dipping superficially or often ; playing 
in water, or in mud ; meddling.' 

DAB'CIIIGK, 77. A small water- fowl. Ray. 

DAB'STER, 77. One who is skilled ; one who is expert ; a 
master of his business. 

DACE, 77. [D. daas.] A fish, the cyprinus leuciscus ; a small 
river fish, resembling the roach. 

DAG TYL, 77. [Gr. <5a<ryXo?.] A poetical foot consisting of 
three syllables, the first long, and the others short. 
DAG'TYL-AR, a. Pertaining to a dactyl ; reducing from 
three to two syllables. 

DA€'TYL-ET, n. A dactyl. Bp. Hall. 

DAG'TYL-IG, a. Pertaining to or consisting of dactyls. 
DAG'TYL-IST, 77. One who writes flowing verse. 


DA€-TYL-0L'0-GY, 77. FGr. SaKrv'Xog and >oyoj.] The 
act or the art of communicating ideas or thoughts by the 
fingers. 

DAD, or DAD'DY, n. [V7. tad ; Hindoo, dada.] Father; a 
word used by infants, from whom it is taken. 

DAD'DLE, V. i. To walk with tottering, like a child or an 
old man. [Little used.] 

DAD'DLE, 77. A colloquial expression in several parts of 
England for the hand. 

DADE, V. t. To hold up by leading strings- [Little used.] 

Da'DO, 77 . [Ital. a die.] The plain part of a column between 
the base and the cornice ; tlie die. 

DiE'DAL, a. [L. Dwdalus.] 1. Various ; variegated. Spenser. 
2. Skilful. 

DiE-DA'LI-AN. See Dedalian. 

t DAFF, or f DAFFE, n. [Ice. dauf.] A stupid, blockish fel- 
low. Chaucer. 

DAFF, V. t. To daunt. [Local.] Grose. 

DAFF, 77. t. To toss aside ; to put off. See Doff. 

DAF'FLE, V. i. To betray loss of memory and mental fac- 
ulty. Brackett. 

DAF'FO-DIL, n. [D. affod'illc.] A plant of the genus narcis^ 
sus, of several species. Sometimes written daffadil, dafid' 
dillv, and daffadownd'dly. 

DAFT. See Daff. 

t DAG, 77. [Fr. daguc.] A dagger ; a hand-gun ; a pistol. 

t DAG, 77. Dew. 

DAG, 77. [Sax. dag.] 1. A loose end, as of locks of wool ; 
called also dag-locks. 2. A leathern latchet. 

t DAG, 77. t. 1. To daggle. 2. To cut into slips. 

DAG, V. i. To drizzle. Brcckett. 

DAG'GER, 77. [Fr. dague.] 1. A short sword ; a poniard. — 
2. \n fencing schools, a blunt blade of iron witli a basket 
liilt, used for defense. — 3. With printers, an obelisk, or 
obelus, a mark of reference in the form of a dagger ; 
thus, f. 

DAG'GER, 77. t. To pierce with a dagger ; to stab. 

DAG'GERS-DR AWTNG, n. The act of drawing daggers; 
approach to open attack or to violen^'e ; a quarrel. 

DAG GLE, V. t. To trail in mud or wet grass ; to befoul ; to 
dirty, as the lower end of a gaiment. 

DAG'GLE, 77. 7. To run through mud and water. 

DAG'GLED, pp. Dipped or trailed in mud or foul water; 
befouled. 

DAG'GLE-TATL, a. Having the lower ends of garments 
defiled with mud. 

DAG'GLING, ppr. Drawing along in mud or foul water. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.—G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 


218 DAM 


DAM 

t)AG'LO€K, n, A phrase, in many places, for the befouled 
locks of a sheep’s tail. 

DAG'-SWaIN, n, A kind of carpet. Harrison. 

DAG'-TaILEJD, a» The same as dagralc-tail ; trailed in 
mud. 

DaI'LY, a. [Sax. Happening or being every day ; 

done day by day j bestowed or enjoyed every day. 

DAl'LY, ado. Every day ; day by day. 

fDAlNT, a. [Fr. dam.] Delicate ; elegant, Spenser. 

|DaL\T, 71. Something of exquisite taste ; a dainty. 

DaINT'1-LY, adv. 1. Nicely j elegantly; [not in use.'] 

2. Nicely ; fastidiously ; with nice regard to what is well 
tasted. 3. Deliciously. 4. Ceremoniously ; scrupulously. 

Da1x\TT-NESS, 71. 1. Delicacy ; softness ; elegance ; nice- 
ty ; [oAs.] 2. Delicacy ; deliciousness ; applied to food. 

3. Nicety in taste; squeamishness; fastidiousness. 4. 
Ceremoniousness; scrupulousness; nice attention to man- 
ners ; [o6s.] 

t Da1N1''LY, ad. Deliciously. Saclcville. 

t DaINT^REL, 71. A delicacy. 

DaINT'Y, a. [W . dei/itiaiz j i?cot. dainty.] l.Nice; pleas- 
ing to the palate ; of exquisite taste ; delicious. 2. Deli- 
cate ; of acute sensibility ; nice in selecting what is tender 
and good ; squeamish ; soft ; luxurious. 3. Scrupulous in 
manners; ceremonious. 4. Elegant; tender; soft; pure; 
neat; effeminately beautiful. 5. Nice ; affectedly fine. 

DaINT'Y, 71. 1. Something nice and delicate to the taste; 
that which is exquisitely delicious ; a delicacy. 2. A 
term of fondness ; [not much wsed.] 

DaI'RY, n. 1. Milk, and all that concerns it, on a farm ; or 
the business of managing milk, and of making butter and 
cheese. The whtde establishment respecting milk, in a 
family or on a farm. 2. The place, room or house, where 
milk is set for cream, managed, and converted into butter 
or cheese. 3. Milk-farm. 

DaI'RY-HOUSE, or Da FRY-ROOM, n. A house or room 
appropriated to the management of milk. 

DaFRY-MaID, 71. A female servant, whose business is to 
manage milk. Addison. 

DaI'SIED, a. Full of daisies ; adorned with daisies. Shah. 

DaI'SY, n. [Sax. dieges-ege.] A plant of the genus bellis, 
of several varieties. 

Da'KER-HEN, 71. A fowl of the gallinaceous kind, some- 
what like a partridge or quail. The corn-crake or land- 
rail, a bird of the grallic order of Linne. 

DA'KIR, u. In English statutes, ten hides, or the twentieth 
part of a last of hides. 

DALE, 71. [Goth, dalei.] A low place between hills ; a vale 
or valley ; a poetic word. 

DAL'LI-ANCE, n. 1. Literally, delay ; a lingering ; appro- 
priately, acts of fondness ; interchange of caresses ; toying, 
as males and females. 2. Conjugal embraces ; commerce 
of the sexes. 3. Delay ; [o6s.] Shah. 

DAL'LI-ER, 71. One who fondles ; a trifler. 

t DAL'LOP, 71. A tuft or clump. Tusser. 

DAL'LY, V. i. [W ddl, or dala.] 1. Literally, to delay ; to 
linger ; to wait. 2. To trifle ; to lose time in idleness and 
trifles ; to amuse one’s self with idle play. 3. To toy and 
wanton, as man and woman ; to interchange caresses ; to 
fondle. 4. To sport ; to play. 

DAL'LY, V. t. To delay ; to defer ; to put off ; to amuse till 
a proper opportunity. [JVot much used.] 

DAIi'LY-ING, ppr. Delaying ; procrastinating ; trifling; 
wasting time in idle amusement ; toying; fondling. 

DAM, 71. [from dame.] 1. A female parent ; lised o/ Aeast5, 
particularly of quadrupeds. 2. A human mother, in con- 
tempt. Shah. 3. [Fr. dame.] A crowned man in the 
game of draughts. 

DAM, 77. [D. dam ; G. damm.] A mole, bank, or mound of 
earth, or any wall, or a frame of wood, raised to obstruct 
a current of water. 

DAM, V. t. [Sax. demman ,* G. ddmmeri.] 1. To make a 
dam, or to stop a stream of water by a bank of earth, or by 
any other work ; to confine or shut in water. 2. To con- 
fine or restrain from escaping ; to shut in. 

DAM' AGE, 71. [Fr. dommage.] 1. Any hurt, injury or 
harm to one’s estate ; any loss of property sustained ; any 
hinderance to the increase of property ; or any obstruction 
to the success of an enterprise. 2. The value of what is 
lost ; the estimated equivalent for detriment or injury sus- 
tained. 

DAM' AGE, V. t. [It. danneggiare.] To hurt or harm ; to in- 
jure ; to impair ; to lessen the soundness, goodness, or 
value of. 

DAM'AGE, V. i. To receive harm ; to be injured or impair- 
ed in soundness or value. 

DAM'AGE-FEAS'ANT, (dam'aje-fez'ant) a. Doing injury ; 
trespassing, as cattle. Blackstone. 

DAM'AGE-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be injured or impaired ; 
susceptible of damage. 2. Hurtful; pernicious; [rare.] 

DAM'AGED, pp. Hurt ; impaired ; injured. 

DAjM'AG-ING, ppr. Injuring; impairing. 

DAM'AS-CeNE, 71. [Jj. damascenus, from Damascus.] 1. A 
particular kind of plum, now pronounced damson, which 


see. 2. It may be locally applied to other species of 
plums. 

DAM' ASK, 71. [It. dommasco, from Damascus.] 1, A silk 
stuff, having some parts raised above the ground, repre- 
senting flowers and other figures. 2. A kind of wrought 
linen, made in Flanders, in imitation of damask silks. 3. 
Red color, from the damask-rose. — Damask-steel is a fine 
steel from the Levant, chiefly from Damascus, used for 
sword and cutlas blades. 

DAM' ASK, V. t. 1. To form flowers on stuffs ; also, to va- 
riegate ; to diversify. 2. To adorn steel-work with fig- 
ures. See Damaskeen. 

DAM'ASK- plum, n. A small black plum. 

DAM'ASK-ROSE, n. A species of rose which is red, and 
another which is white. 

DAM'AS-KEN, I V. t. [Fr. damasquiner.] To make in- 

DAM-AS-KEEN', | cisions in iron, steel, &c., and fill 
them with gold or silver wire, for ornament; used chiefly 
for adorning sword-blades, guards, locks of pistols, &c. 

DA.M-AS-KEEN'ED, pp. Carved into figures, and inlaid 
with gold or silver wire. 

DA.M-AS-KEEN'ING, ppr. Engraving and adorning with 
gold or silver wire inlaid. 

DAM-AS-KEEN'ING, n. The act or art of beautifying iron 
or steel by engraving and inlaying it with gold or silver 
wire. 

DAM'AS-KIN, 77. A sabre, so called from the manufacture 
of Damascus. 

DAME, 77. [Fr. dame.] Literally, a mistress,; hence, a 
lady ; a title of honor to a woman. It is now generally 
applied to the mistress of a family in the common ranks 
of life. In poetry, it is applied to a woman of rank. 

DaME’S'-VI-O-LET, ) 77. A plant of the genus hespcris 

DaME'-WoRT, I called also queen^s gilly-flower. 

Da'MI-AN-ISTS. In church history, a sect who denied any 
distinction in the Godhead. 

DAMN, (dam) v. t. [L. damno ; Fr. damner.] 1. To sentence 
to eternal torments in a future state ; to punish in hell. 
2. To condemn ; to decide to be wrong or worthy of pun- 
ishment ; to censure ; to reprobate. 3. To condemn ; to 
explode ; to decide to be bad, mean or displeasing, by 
hissing, or any mark of disapprobation. 4. A word used 
in profaneness ; a term of execration. 

DAM'N A-BLE, a. 1. That may be damned or condemned ; 
deserving damnation ; worthy of eternal punishment. 
More generally, that which subjects or renders liable to 
damnation. 2. In a loio or ludicrous sense, odious, de- 
testable or pernicious. 

DAM'NA-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of deserving 
damnation. 

DAM'NA-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner to incur eternal pun- 
ishment, or so as to exclude mercy. 2. In a loro sense, 
odiously ; detestably ; sometimes, excessively. 

DAM-Na'TION, 77. [L. damnatio.] 1. Sentence or con- 
demnation to everlasting punishment in the future state ; 
or the state of eternal torments. 2. Condemnation. 

DAM'NA-TO-RY, a. Containing a sentence of condemna- 
tion. Waterland. 

DAMNED, pp. 1. Sentenced to everlasting punishment in 
a future state; condemned. 2. a. Hateful; detestable; 
abominable ; a word chiefly used in profaneness by persons 
of vulgar manners. 

DAM-NIF'IC, a. Procuring loss ; mischievous. 

DAM'NI-FIED, pp. Injured; endamaged. 

DAM'NI-FY, V. t. [L. damniflco.] 1. To cause loss or 
damage to ; to hurt in estate or interest ; to injure ; to en- 
damage. 2. To hurt ; to injure ; to impair. 

DAM'NI-FY-ING, ppr. Hurting; injuring; impairing. 

DAM'NING, ppr. 1. Dooming to endless punishment ; con- 
demning. 2. a. That condemns or exposes to damnation. 

DAM'NING-NESS, 77. Tendency to bring damnation. 

DAMP, a. [G. dampf; D. damp.] 1. Moist; humid; being 
in a state between dry and wet. 2. Dejected ; sunk ; de- 
pressed ; chilled ; [w77usttaL] 

DAMP, 77. 1. Moist air; humidity; moisture; fog. 2. De- 
jection ; depression of spirits ; chill. 3. Damps, plu. Nox- 
ious exhalations issuing from the earth, and deleterious 
or fatal to animal life. 

DAMP, V. t. 1. To moisten ; to make humid or moderately 
w^et. 2. To chill ; to deaden ; to depress or deject ; to 
abate. 3. To weaken ; to make dull. 4. To check or 
restrain, as action or vigor; to make languid ; to dis- 
courage. 

DAIMPED, pp. Chilled ; depressed ; abated ; weakened ; 
checked; discouraged. 

DAMP'ER, 77. 1. That which damps or checks ; a valve or 
sliding plate in a furnace to stop or lessen the quantity of 
air admitted. 2. A part of a piano-forte, by which the 
sound is deadened. 

DAMP'ING, ppr. Chilling ; deadening ; dejecting ; abating ; 
checking ; weakening. 

DAMP'ISH, a. Moderately damp or moist. 

DAMP'ISH-NESS, n. A moderate degree of dampness, or 
moistness ; slight humidity. 


* See Synopsis. ^ , E, T, 5, D, Y, Zeno-.— FAR, F.-VLL, WHAT PR£Y ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


DAN 219 DAR 


DAMP'NESS, n. Moisture j fogginess ; moistness ; mode- 
rate humidity. 

DAMPS. See Damp. 

DAMFY, a. Dejected 5 gloomy. [Little 
DAM'SEL, n. [Fr. damoiselle, and demoiselle.'] A young 
woman. Formerly^ a young man or woman of noble or 
genteel extraction. 

DAM'SON, (dam'zn) n. [contracted from damascene.] The 
fruit of a variety of the prunus domestica ; a small black 
plum. 

fDAN, n. [Sp. don.] A title of honor equivalent to waiter. 
S/iak. 

DANCE, (dins) v. t. [Fr. danger.] 1. PrmaHZy, to leap or 
spring; hence, to leap or move with measured steps, reg- 
ulated by a tune, sung or played on a musical instru- 
ment ; to leap or step with graceful motions of the body, 
corresponding with the sound of the voice or of an instru- 
ment. 2. To leap and frisk about ; to move nimbly, or up 
and down. — To dance attendance^ to wait with obsequi- 
ousness ; to strive to please and gain favor by assiduous 
attentions and officious civilities. 

DANCE, V. t. To make to dance ; to move up and down, or 
back and forth ; to dandle. 

DANCE, n. 1. In a general sense, a leaping and frisking 
about. Appropriately, a leaping or stepping with motions 
of the body adjusted to the measure of a tune, particularly 
by two or more in concert. 2. A tune by which dancing 
is regulated, as the minuet, the waltz, the cotillon, &c. 
DAN'CEk, 71. One who practices dancing, or is skilful in 
the performance. 

DAN'CING, ppr. Leaping and stepping to the sound of the 
voice or of an instrument j moving in measured steps ; 
frisking about. 

DAN'CING-MAS'TER, n. One who teaches the art of dan- 
cing. 

DAN'CING-SCHOOL, n. A school in which the art of dan- 
cing is taught. 

DAN'DE-LI-ON, n. [Fr. dent de lion.] A well known plant 
of the genus leontodon. 

DAN'DER, V. i. To wander about ; to talk incoherently. 
DAN'DI-PRAT, 71 . [Fr. da 7 tc?i«, a ninny ; It. do7idolone.] A 
little fellow ; an urchin ; a word of fondness or contempt. 
Johnson. 

DAN'DLE, V. t. [G. t'dndeln.] 1. To shake or jolt on the 
knee, as an infant ; to move up and down in the hand ; 
literally, to amuse by play. 2. To fondle; to amuse; to 
treat as a child ; to toy with. 3. To delay ; to protract by 
trifles ; [o&s.] 

DAN'DLED, pp. Danced on the knee, or in the arms ; fon- 
dled ; amused by trifles or play. 

DAN'DLER, 7i. One who dandles or fondles children. 
DAN^DLING, ppr. Shaking and jolting on the knee ; mov- 
ing about in play or for amusement, as an infant. 
DAND'RUFF, n. [qu. Sax. tan and drof.] A scurf which 
forms on the head, and comes off in small scales or parti- 
cles. 

DAN'DY, 71 . [qu. Scot, dandie. See Dandiprat.] In mod- 
ern usage, a male of the human species, who dresses 
himself like a doll, and who carries his character on his 
t}RC k • 

DAN'DY-€0€K, or HEN, n. Bantam fowls. 

DAN'DY-ISM, 71. The manners and dress of a dandy. 
DANE, 71. A native of Denmark. 

DaNE'GELT, n. [Dane, and Sax. gelt, geld.] In England, 
an annual tax formerly laid on the Englisli nation, for 
maintaining forces to oppose the Danes, or to furnish trib- 
ute to procure peace. 

DANE -WoRT, n. A plant of the genus sambutus ; a spe- 
cies of elder, called dwarf-elder, or wall-woi't. 

DAN GER, 71. [Fr., Arm., Scot, danger.] Peril ; risk ; haz- 
ard ; exposure to injury, loss, pain or other evil. 

DaN'GER, V. t. To put in hazard ; to expose to loss or inju- 
ry. [Rarely used.] Shak. See Endanger. 
DAN'GER-LESS, a. Free from danger; without risk. 
[Little used.] Sidney. 

DaN'GER-OUS, a. 1 . Perilous ; hazardous ; exposing to 
loss; unsafe; full of risk. 2. Creating danger; causing 
risk of evil. 

DaN'GER-OUS-LY, adv. With danger; with risk of evil; 
with exposure to injury or ruin ; hazardously ; per- 
ilously. 

DaN/GER-OUS-NESS, 77 . Danger; hazard; peril; a state 
of being exposed to evil. 

DAN'GLE, 77. 7 . [pan. dingier.] 1. To hang loose, flowing, 
shaking or waving ; to hang and swing. “ He’d rather 
on a gibbet dangle.^' Hudibras. 2. To hang on any one ; 
to be a humble, officious follower. 

DAN'GLER, n. One who dangles or hangs about. 
D.VN^GLING, ppr. Hanging loosely ; busily or officiously ad- 
hering to. 

DaN'ISH, a. Belonging to the Danes or Denmark. 

DaN'ISH, 77 . The language of the Danes. 

DANK, a. [qu. G. tunken.] Damp; moist; humid ; wet. 
DANK, 71 . Moisture; humidity. Milton. 


DANK'ISH, a. Somewhat damp. 

DANK'ISH-NESS, n. Danipness ; humidity. 

Da'OU-RiTE, 77. A mineral, called 

DAP, Or DAPE, V. i. [Goth, daupyan.] To drop or let fall 
into tlie water ; a icord used by anglers. Walton. 
DA-PAT'I-CAL, a. [L. dapatirus.] Sumptuous in cheer. 
Cockeram. 

DAPH'NATE, n. A compound of the bitter principle of the 
Daphne Alpina with a base. 

DAPH'NIN, 77 . The bitter principle of the Daphne Alpina. 
DAP'I-FER, 77 . [L. dapes and fero.] One who brings meat 
to the table. Formerly, the title or office of the grand- 
master of a king’s household. 

DAPTER, a. [D. dapper.] Active; nimble; brisk; or little 
and active ; neat ; tight ; as, a dapper fellow. 
DAP'PER-LING, n. A dwarf ; a dandiprat. 

DAP'PLE, a. Marked with spots ; spotted ; variegated with 
spots of different colors or shades of color, as a dapple- 
gray. 

DAP'PLE, V. t. To spot ; to variegate with spots. 
DAP'PLED, pp. Spotted ; variegated with spots of different 
colors or shades of color. 

DAP'PLING, ppr. Variegating with spots. 

DAR, or DART, 77 . A fish found in the Severn. Bailey. 
t DARD, 77 . [Fr. dard.] What throws out, or is cast for- 
ward, as a dart is thrown. 

DARE, V. i. ; pret. durst. [Sax. dearran, durran.] To have 
courage for any purpose; to have strength of mind or 
hardihood to undertake any thing; to be bold enough; 
not to be afraid ; to venture ; to be adventurous. 

DARE, V. t. ; pret. and pp. dared. To challenge ; to pro- 
voke ; to defy. — To dare larks, to catch them by means 
of a looking-glass ; to terrify or amaze. Dryden. 
t DARE, 77 . Defiance ; challenge. Shak. 

DARE, 77 . A small fish, the same as the dace. 

DARED, pp. Challenged ; defied, 
t DARE'FIJL, a. Full of defiance. Shak. 

DARKER, 77 . One who dares or defies. 

DAR'IC, 77 . A gold coin of Darius the Mede. 

DARLING, ppr. 1. Having courage sufficient for a purpose ; 
challenging ; defying. 2. a. Bold ; courageous ; intrepid ; 
fearless ; adventurous ; brave ; stout. 3. Audacious ; im- 
pudently bold and defying. 

DARflNG-LY, adv. Boldly ; courageously ; fearlessly ; im- 
pudently. 

DAR'ING-NESS, 77. Boldness; courageousness ; audacious- 
ness. 

DARK, a. [Sax. deorc.] 1. Destitute of light ; obscure. 

2. Wholly or partially black ; having the quality opposite 
to white. 3. Gloomy; disheartening; having unfavora- 
ble prospects. 4. Obscure ; not easily understood or 
explained. 5. Mysterious. 6. Not enlightened with 
knowledge ; destitute of learning and science ; rude ; ig- 
norant. 7. Not vivid ; partially black. 8. Blind ; [not in 
77se.] Dryden. 9. Gloomy ; not cheerful. 10. Obscure ; 
concealed; secret; not understood. 11. Unclean; foul. 
Milton. 12. Opaque. 13. Keeping designs concealed. 

DARK, 77 . [Sans, tareki.] 1. Darkness ; obscurity ; the ab- 
sence of light. 2. Obscurity; secrecy; a state unknown 

3. Obscurity ; a state of ignorance. 
fDARK, V. t. To darken ; to obscure. 

DARK'-BROWED, a. Stern of aspect ; frowning. 
DARK'EN, (dar'kn) v. t. [Sax. adeorcian.] 1. To make 

dark; to deprive of light. 2. To obscure; to cloud. 3. 
To make black. 4. To make dim ; to deprive of vision. 
5. To render gloomy. 6. To deprive of intellectual vis- 
ion ; to render ignorant or stupid. 7. To obscure ; to 
perplex ; to render less clear or intelligible. 8. To render 
less wliite or clear ; to tan. 9. To sully ; to make foul. 
DARK'EN, V. i. To grow dark or darker ; also, to grow less 
white or clear. 

DARK'ENED, pp. Deprived of light ; obscured ; rendered 
dim ; made black ; made ignorant. 

DARK'EN-ER, n. That which darkens and confounds. 
B. .Tons on. 

DARK'EN-ING, ppr. Depriving of light; obscuring; mak- 
ing black or less white or clear ; clouding. 
DARK'-HOUSE, n. An old word for a mad-house. Shak. 
DARKHSH, a. Dusky ; somewhat dark. 

DARK'LING, a. Being in the dark, or without light; a po- 
etical word. Milton. 

DARIULY, adv. Obscurely ; dimly ; blindly ; uncertainly ; 

with imperfect light, clearness or knowledge. 
DARK'NESS, 77 . 1. Absence of light. 2. Obscurity ; want 
of clearness or perspicuity ; that quality or state which 
renders any thing difficult to be understood. 3. A state 
of being intellectually clouded ; ignorance. 4. A private 
place; secrecy; privacy. 5. Infernal gloom; hell. 6. 
Great trouble and distress ; calamities ; perplexities. 7. 
Empire of Satan. 8. Opaqueness . — Land of darkness, the 
grave. Job, x. 

DARK'SoME, a. Dark ; gloomy ; obscure. Milton. 
DARK'-WoRK-ING, a. Working in darkness or in secre- 
cy. Shak. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


DAT 220 DAY 


DAR'LING, o. [Sax. deorling.] Dearly beloved j favorite j 
regarded with great kindness and tenderness. 

DXK'LING, 71. One much l)eloved j a favorite. 

DARN, V. t. [W. darn ; Arm. darn.] To mend a rent or 
hole, by imitating the texture of the cloth or stuff with 
yarn or thread and a needle j to sew together with yarn 
or tJiread. 

DARN, 7/. A place mended by darning. 

DAR'NEL, 71, A plant of the genus lolium. 

DARN'ER, 71. One who mends by darning. 

DaRN'IG. See Dornic. 

DaRNTNG, ppr. Mending in imitation of the original tex- 
ture ; sewing together, as a torn stocking. 

D-ARN'INti, 71. The act of mending, as a liole in a garment. 

t DAR'RAIN, V. t. dareiguer^derener, dereig7ier, de- 

raigner.] I’o prepare, or to order, or to try j to endeavor j 
to prove : to apply to the contest. Shak. 

DART, 77. [Yr. dard.] 1. A pointed, missile weapon to be 
tJirown by the hand ; a short lance. Drijden. 2. Any 
missile weapon; that which pierces and wounds. 

Dart, v. t. i. To throw a pointed instrument with a sud- 
den thrust. 2. To throw suddenly or rapidly ; to send ; 
to emit ; to shoot. 

DART, V. i. 1. To fly or shoot, as a dart ; to fly rapidly. 
2. To spring and run with velocity ; to start suddenly and 
run. 

DART'ED, pp. Thrown or hurled as a pointed instrument; 
sent with velocity. 

DART'ER, 71. One who throws a dart. 

D.ARTMNG, ppr. Throwing, as a dart ; hurling darts; fly- 
ing rapidly. 

DASH, V. t. [Dan. dask.] 1. To strike suddenly or vio- 
lently, whether throwing or falling. 2. To strike and 
bruise or break ; to break by collision; but usually with 
the words in pieces. 3. To throw water suddenly, in sep- 
arate portions. 4. To bespatter ; to sprinkle. 3. To 
strike and break or disperse. 6. To mix and reduce or 
adulterate by throwing in another substance. 7. To form 
or sketch out in liaste, carelessly ; [miTisual.] 8. To 
erase at a stroke ; to strike out ; to blot out or obliterate. 
9. To break ; to destroy ; to frustrate. 10. To confound ; 
to confuse ; to put to shame ; to abash ; to depress by 
shame or fear. 

DASH, V. i. 1. To strike, break, scatter and fly off. 2. To 
rush, strike and break, or scatter. 3. To rush with vio- 
lence, and break through. 

DASH, 71. 1. Collision ; a violent striking of two bodies. 
2. Infusion ; admixture ; something thrown into another 
substance. 3. Admixture. 4. A rushing, or onset with 
violence. 5. A sudden stroke ; a blow ; an act. 6. A 
flourish; blustering parade ; [vulgar.] 7. Amarkorline 
in writing or printing, noting a break or stop in the sen- 
tence ; as in Virgil, quos ego — ; or a pause ; or the divis- 
ion of the sentence. 

DASHED, pp. Struck violently; driven against; bruised, 
broken or scattered by collision ; besprinkled ; mixed or 
adulterated ; erased, blotted out ; broken ; cast down ; 
confounded ; abashed. 

DASHdiVG, ppr. 1. Driving and striking against ; striking 
suddenly or violently ; breaking or scattering by collision ; 
infusing ; mixing ; confounding ; blotting out ; rusliing. 
2. a. Rushing ; driving ; blustering. 3. a. Precipitate ; 
rushing carelessly on. Biirkc. 

DAS'TARD, 71. [Sax. adastrigan.] A coward ; a poltroon ; 
one who meanly shrinks from danger. 

DAS'TARD, a. Cowardly ; meanly shrinking from danger. 

DAS TARD, V, t. To make cowardly ; to intimidate ; to 
dispirit. 

DAS'TARD-TZE, v. t. To make cowardly. Hoioell. 

DAS'TARD-LI-NESS, n. Cowardliness. Barrett. 

DAS'TARD-LY, a. Cowardly ; meanly timid ; base. 

DAS'TARD-NESS, 7J. Cowardliness; mean timorousness. 

DAS'TARD-Y, n. Cowardliness ; base timidity. 

Da'TA, 71. plu. [L. data.] Things given, or admitted ; 
(luantities, principles or facts given, known, or admitted, 
by which to find things or results unknown. 

DA'TA-RY, 71. 1. An olficer of the chancery of Rome, 
who affixes the datum Romce to the pope’s bulls. 2. The 
emjdoyment of a datary. 

DATE, //. [Fr. date It., Sp. data.] 1. That addition to a 
writing which specifies the year, month and day when 
it was given or executed. 2. The time when any event 
happened, when any thing was transacted, or when any 
thing is to be done. 3. End ; conclusion ; [w7i7tsMaZ.J 4. 
Duration ; continuance. 

DATE, V. t. 1. To write or note the time when a letter is 
written, or a writing executed ; to express, in an instru- 
ment, die year, month and day of its execution, and usu- 
ally the place. 2. To note or fix the time of an event or 
transaction. 3. To note the time when something be- 
gins. 

DA3’E, V. i. 1. To reckon. 2. To begin ; to have origin. 

DATE, 71. [Fr. datte.] The fruit of tJie great palm-tree, or 
date-tree, the phcenix dactijlifcra. 


DaTE'-TREE, 71. The tree that bears dates ; the great 
palm-tree. 

DAT'ED, pp. Having the time of writing or execution 
specified; having the time of happening noted. 

DATE'LESiS, a. Having no date ; having no fixed term. 

DaT'ER, 71. One tliat dates. 

DaT'ING, ppr. Expressing the time of writing or of execut- 
ing a paper or instrument ; noting the time of happening, 
or originating. 

Da'TIVE, a. [L. dativus.] In ^raTwiTJcr, the epithet of the 
case of nouns which usually follows verbs that express 
giving, or some act directed to an object. — Dative execu- 
tor^ in law^ one appointed by the judge of probate ; an ad- 
ministrator. 

DAT'O-LI'I’E, \ n. The siliceous borate of lime, a mineral 

DATIHO-LlTE, ] of two subspecies. 

Da'TUM, 71. [L.J Something given or admitted. See Data. 

DA-Tu'RA, 71. A vegeto-alkali obtained from datura stra- 
7nonium. 

DAUB, V. t. [W. dwMaw.] 1. To smear with soft, adhe- 
sive matter; to plaster; to cover with mud, slime, or 
other soft substance. 2. To paint coarsely. 3. I'o cover 
with something gross or specious ; to disguise with an 
artificial covering. 4. To lay or put on without taste ; to 
deck awkwardly or ostentatiously, or to load with affect- 
ed finery. 5. To flatter grossly. 

DAUB, V. i. To practice gross flattery ; to play the hypocrite. 

DAUB, 71. Coarse painting. Dela7iy. 

DAUBED, pp. Smeared with soft, adhesive matter ; plas- 
tered ; painted coarsely ; disguised ; loaded witli ill- 
chosen finery. 

DAUB'ER, 71. One who daubs ; a coarse painter ; a low and 
gross flatterer. 

DAUBHNG, ppr. Plastering; painting coarsely ; disguising 
clumsily ; decking ostentatiously ; flattering grossly. 

DAUB'ING, 71. Plastering; coarse painting ; gross flattery. 

DAUB'RY, or DAUB'ER-Y, 71 . A daubing; any thing art- 
ful. Skak. 

DAUB'Y, a. Viscous; glutinous; slimy; adhesive. 

DAUGH'TER, (daw ter) 71 . [8ax. do liter ; D. dogter ; G. 
tochter.] 1. 3 he female offspring of a man or woman ; a 
female child of any age. 2. A daughter-in-law ; a son’s 
wife. 3. A woman ; plu. female inhabitants. 4. A fe- 
male descendant ; lineage of females. 5. 33ie female 
penitent of a confessor. — This word is used in Scripture 
for the inhabitants of a city or country, male and female. 
Is. xvi. 2. 

DAUGH'3’ER-LI-NESS, 71. 1. The state of a daughter. 2. 
The conduct becoming a daughter. 

DAUGH'TER-LY, a. Becoming a daughter; dutiful. 

* DAUNT, (dant) v. t. [In Scot, dant, danton.] To repress 
or subdue courage ; to intimidate ; to dishearten ; to check 
by fear of danger. 

* DAUNT'ED, pp. Checked by fear ; intimidated. 

* DAUNT'ING, ppr. Repressing courage ; intimidating ; dis- 
heartening. 

♦DAUNT'LESS, a. Bold ; fearless ; intrepid; not timid ; 
not discburaged. 

'♦'DAUNT'LEisS-NESS, 71 . Fearlessness; intrepidity. 

DAU'PHIN, 71. [Fr. dauphin ,• L. delphin^ delphiims.] The 
eldest son of the king of France, and presumptive heir of 
the crown. 

DAUTHIN-ESS, n. The wife or lady of the dauphin. 

DAV'ER, V. t. 1. To stun ; to stupify. Brackett. 2. To fade 
likeafloAver. Grose. 

DaA’ID-ISTS, ) 71. A sect, so called from David 

DA'VID-GEOR'GTANJS, ) George, W'ho flourished in the 
sixteenth century. Pngiit. 

D.AVINA, 71. A Vesuvian mineral of a hexahedral form. 

DAV'IT, 71. A beam used on board of ships. 

-DAW, 71. A word that is found in the compound names of 
many species of birds. 

t DAW, V. i. To dawn. See Dawn. 

DAW, V. i. To thrive ; to mend ; to recover health. Grose. 

t DAVV'DLE, V. i. To waste time ; to trifle. 

t DAW/DLER, 71. A trifler. 

DAWHSH, a. Like a daw. Bale. 

DAWK, 71. A hollow, rupture or incision in timber. [Local.] 

DAWK, V. t. To cut or mark with an incision. 

DAWN, V. i. [Sax. dagian.] 1. To begin to grow light in the 
morning ; to grow light. 2. To begin to open or expand ; 
to begin to show intellectual light, or knowledge. 3. To 
glimmer obscurely. 4. To begin to open or appear. 

DAWN, 71. 1. The break of day ; the first appearance of 
light in the morning. 2. First opening or expansion ; first 
appearance of intellectual light. 3. Beginning ; rise ; first 
appearance. 4. A feeble or incipient light ; first beams. 

DAWN'ING, ppr. ]. Growing light ; first appearing lumi- 
nous; opening. 2. Opening; expanding; beginning to 
show intellectual light ; beginning. 

DAWN'ING, 71. 1. The first appearance of light in the morn- 
ing. 2. The first opening or appearance of the intellect- 
ual powers ; beginning. 

DAY, 71. [8ax. dccg^ dcg^ dag ; Goth, dags ; D. dag.] 1. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WH^T ; — PR£Y j — PIN, MARINE, BIRD j — ^Obsolete. 


DEA 


221 


That part of the time of the earth’s revolution on its axis, 
in which its surface is preseiited to the sua ; tlie part of 
tlie twenty-four hours wlien it is liglit ; or tlie space of 
time between the rising and setting of the sun ; called the 
artificial day. 2. The whole time or i)eriod of one revo- 
lutioir of the earth on its axis, or twenty-four hours ; called 
the natural day. In this sense, the day may commence 
at any period of the revolution. The Babylonians began 
the day at sun-rising ; the Jews at sun-setting ; the Egyp- 
tians ?lt midnight, as do several nations in modern times, 
the British, French, {Spanish, Americans, &c. This day, 
in reference to civil transactions, is called the cicil day. 
'I’hus, with us, the day when a legal instrument is dated 
begins and ends at midnight. 3. Light ; sunshine. 4. 
Time s{>ecified ; any period of time distinguished from 
other time ; age ; time, with reference to the existence of 
a person or thing. 5. The contest of a day ; battle ; or 
day of combat, b. An appointed or fixed time. 7. Time 
of commemorating an event ; anniversary ; the same day 
of the month, in any future year. — Day hy day^ daily ; 
every day ; each day in succession ; continually j with- 
out intermission of a day. — But or only from day to day, 
without certainty of continuance ; temporarily. Shale . — 
Tu-day^ ado. [Sax. to-deeg.] On the present day ; this day ; 
or at the present time. — Days of grace^ in theology^ the 
time when mercy is offered to sinners. — Days of gracc^ 
in law^ are days granted by the court for delay, at the 
prayer of the plaintiff or defendant. — Days of grace, in 
commerce, a customary number of days, (in Great Britain 
and America three) allowed for the payment of a note or 
bill of exchange, after it becomes due. 

DaV'BED, n. A bed used for idleness, indulgence, or rest, 
during the day. Shak. 

Da Y^-BOOK, n. A journal of accounts ; a book in which are 
recorded’ the debts and credits or accounts of the day. 

DaV'BREaK, n. I he dawn or first appearance of light in 
the morning. 

DaY'GoAL, n. The upper stratum of coal. 

DaY'DReAM, n. A vision to the waking senses. Dryden. 

Da Y'FLOW-ER, n. A genus of plants, the commeliv.a. 

DaY'FLY, n. A genus of insects that live one day only, or 
a very short time, called ephemera. 

Da Y La-BOR, n. Labor hired or performed by the day. 

DAY-LA‘BOR-ER, n. One who works by the day. 

DA Y'LIGHT, n. The light of the day ; the light of the sun, 
as opposed to that of the moon, or of a lamp or candle. 

DA V^'-IjIL-Y, n. The same with asphodel. 

DA Y'LY, a. The more regular orthography of daily, 

DA YS'M AN, 71. An umpire or arbiter ; a mediator. 

DAY'SPRING, 71. Tile dawn j the beginning of the day, or 
first apjiearance of light. 

DaY'STaR, 71. The morning star, Lucifer, Venus ; the star 
which precedes the morning light. 

DaY'TiAIE, 71. The time of the sun’s light on fhe earth. 

DAY'VVeA-RIED, a. Wearied with the labor of the day. 

DAY'-WOxM-AN, 7i. A dairy-maid. Shak. 

DAY' Work, n. Work by the day ; day labor. 

DAY’S'- Work, n. The work of one day. — Among seamen, 
the account or reckoning of a ship’s course for 24 hours, 
from noon to noon. 

DAZE, V. t. [qu. Sax. dwees, dysi, dysig.] To overpower 
with light ; to dim or blind by too strong a light, or to ren- 
der the sight unsteady. [JVot noio used, unless in poetry.] 
Dryden. 

DAZE, 71. Among miners, a glittering stone. 

DAZ'ZLE, V. t. 1. To overpower with light ; to hinder dis- 
tinct vision by intense light ; or to cause to shake; to ren- 
der unsteady, as the sight. 2. To strike or surprise with 
a bright or intense light ; to dim or blind by a glare of 
light, or by splendor, in a literal or figiiratioe sense. 

DAZ'ZLE, V. i. To be overpowered by light ; to shake or 
be unsteady ; to waver, as the sight. Dryden. 

DAZ ZLED, pp. Made wavering, as the sight; overpower- 
ed or dimmed by a too strong light. 

t DAZ'ZLE-MFINT, n. The act or power of dazzding. 

DAZ'ZLING, ppr. Rendering unsteady or wavering, as the 
sight ; overpowering by a strong light ; striking with 
splendor. 

DAZ'ZLING-LY, ado. In a dazzling manner. 

DE, a Latin prefix, denotes a moving from, separation ; as 
in debark, decline, decease, deduct, decamp. Hence it often 
expresses a negative ; as in derange. Sometimes it aug- 
nients the sense, as in deprave, despoil. 

DkA'GON, (de'kn) n. [L. diaconus.] 1. A person in the 
lowest degree of holy orders. 2. In Scotland, an over- 
seer of the poor, and the master of an incorporated com- 
pany. 

DeA GON-ESS, (de'kn-ess) n. A female deacon in the 
primitive church. 

DeA'€<^)N-RY, 1 71. The office, dignity or ministry of a 

DeA'GON-SHIP, ( deacon or deaconess. 

DEAD, (ded) a. [Sax. dead.] 1. Deprived or destitute of 
life. 2. Having never had life, or having been deprived 
of vital action before birth. 3. Without life ; inanimate. 


DEA 

4. Without vegetable life. 5. Imitating death ; deep of 
sound, b. Pertecily still ; motionless as death. 7. Emp- 
ty ; vacant; not enlivened by variety . 8. Unemployed; 
useless; unprofitable. 9. Dull; inactive. ID. Dull; 
gloomy ; still ; net enlivened. 11. Still ; deep; obscure. 

12. Dull ; not lively ; not resembling life. 13. Dull ; 
heavy. 14. Dull; frigid; lifeless; cold; not animated; 
not alfecting. 15 . Tasteless ; vapid ; spiritless, lb. Unin- 
habited. 17. Dull ; williout natural force or efficacy ; not 
lively or brisk. 18. In a state ol spiritual death ; void of 
grace ; lying under the power of sin. 19. Impotent ; una- 
ble to procreate. Rom. iv. 20. Decayed in grace. 21. 
Not proceeding from spiritual life ; not producing good 
works. 22. Proceeding from corrupt nature, in;t from 
spiritual life or a gracious iirirciple. — 23. In law, cut off 
from the rights of a citizen ; deprived ol the power of en- 
joying the rights of property. — Dead language, a language 
which is no longer spoken or in common use by a peojile, 
and known only in writings ; as the Hebrew, Greek and 
Latin. — Dead rising, or rising line, the parts of a ship’s 
floor or bottom throughout her length, where the floor 
timber is terminated on the lower futtock. 

DEAD, (ded) n. 1. The dead signifies dead men. 2. The 
state of the dead ; or death. 

DEAD, (ded) n. The time when there is a remarkable still- 
ness or gloom ; depth ; as in the midst of winter or of 
night. 

I DEAD, (ded) v. i. To lose life or force. Bacon. 

f DEAD, (ded) v. t. To deprive of life, force or vigor. Ba- 
con. 

t DEAD'-DO-ING, a. Destructive; killing. Spenser. 

DEAD'-DRUNK, a. So drunk as to be incapable of help- * 
ing one’s self. 

DEAD'EN, (ded'dn) v. t. [D. dooden.] 1. To deprive of 
a portion of vigor, force or sensation ; to abate vigor or 
action. 2. To I hint ; to render less susceptible or feeling. 

3. To retard ; to lessen velocity or motion. 4. To dimin- 
ish spiri^; to make vapid or spiritless. 

DEAD'-EYE, (ded i) n. \^dead inaii*s eye.] Among seamen, 
a round, flattish, wooden block, encircled by a rojie, or an 
iron band, and pierced with holes, to receive the laniard. 

DEAD'-HEART-ED, a. Having a dull, faint heart. 

DEAD'-HEART'ED-NESS, 71. Pusillanimity. 

DEAD'ISH, a. Resembling what is dead ; dull. 

DEAD'-KILL-IN'G, a. Instantly killing. Shak. 

DEAD'-LIFT, n. A heavy weight ; a hopeless exigency. 

DEAD'-LlGHT, (ded'llte) n. A strong wooden port, made 
to suit a cabin window, in which it is fixed, to prevent 
the water from entering a ship in a storm. 

DEAD'LI-HOOD, n. Tiie state of tPe dead. Pearson. 

DEAD'LI-NESS, (ded'li-nes) n. The quality of being 
deadly. 

DEAD LY, (ded'ly) a. 1. That may occasion death ; mortal ; 
fatal ; destructive. 2. Mortal ; implacable ; aiming to kill 
or destroy. 

DEAD'LY, (ded'ly) adv. I. In a manner resembling death. 

2. Mortally. 3. Implacably ; destructively. 4. In a vul- 
gar or ludicrous sense, very ; extremely. 

DEAD'LY-GAR'ROT, n. A plant of the genus thapsia. 

DEAD'LY-NTGHT'SHADE, 71. A plant of the genus at- 
ropa. 

DEAD'NESS, (ded'nes) n. 1. Want of natural life or vital 
power, in an animal or plant. 2. Want of animation ; 
dullness; languor. 3. Want of warmth or ardor; cold- 
ness ; frigidity. 4 . Vapidness ; want of spirit. 5. btate 
of being incapable of conception, according to the ordi- 
nary laws of nature. 6. Indifference ; mortification of the 
natural desires ; alienation of heart from temporal pleas- 
ures. 

DEAD'NET-TLE, n. A plant of the genus lamium, and 
another of the genus galeopsis. 

DEAD'PLEDGE, 71. A mortgage or pawning of things, or 
thing pawned. Bailey. 

DEAD'-REGK'ON-ING, 71. In navigation , the judgment or 
estimation of the place of a ship, without any observation 
of the heavenly bodies ; or an accon. t of the distance she 
has run by the log, and of the course steered by the com- 
pass, and this rectified by due allowances for drift, lee- 
way, &c. 

DEAD'Sl'RUGK, a. Confounded; struck with horror. 

DEAD'WA-TER, n. The eddy water closing in with a 
ship’s stern, as she passes through the water. 

DEAD'WOOl), n. Blocks of timber laid on the keel of a 
ship, particularly at the extremities. 

DEAD'WoRK^, n. The parts of a ship which are above the 
smface of the water, when she is balanced for a voyage. 

*DeAF, (deef) a. [Sax. dca/: Ict.dauf; D. doof. 7'his 
word is generally [uonounced, in this country, so as to 
rhyme with leaf, sheaf, Ike.., according to the uniform anal- 
ogy of words of this kind. 8'uch was the pronunciation 
in England, as late, at least, as the time of Tenqile and 
Prior ; since which dc/has been introduced, whicli is the 
Danish and Sw’edish pronuheiation.j 1. Not perc< iv% 
ing sounds ; not receiving impressions from sonorous 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ; — BULL, UNITE. — € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH • TH as in this. | Obsolete, 


DEA 


222 DEB 


bodies through the air. 2. Wanting the sense of hearing ; 
having organs vk^hich do not perceive sounds. — 3. Inawiet- 
aphorical .sense, not listening ; not regarding ; not moved, 
persuaded or convinced ; rejecting. 4. Without the abil- 
ity or will to regard spiritual things ; unconcerned. 5. 
Deprived of the power of hearing ; deafened. 6. Stifled j 
imperfect 3 obscurely heard. 

DEAF, t. To deafen. Dryden. 

DEAFE'LY, a. Lonely ; solitary j far from neighbors. 

^DeAF'EN, (deef'fn) v. t. 1. To make deaf ; to deprive of 
the power of hearing ; to impair the organs of hearing, so 
as to render them unimpressible to sounds. 2. To stun 3 
to render incapable of perceiving sounds distinctly. 

^ DeAF'LY, (deef ly) adv. Without sense of sounds 3 ob- 
scjirely heard. 

^DeAF'NESS, (deefnes) w. 1. Incapacity of perceiving 
sounds 3 the state of the organs which prevents the im- 
pressions which constitute hearing. 2. Unwillingness to 
hear and regard 3 voluntary rejection of what is addressed 
to the ear and to the understanding. 

Deal, v, t.; pret. and pp. dealt, pron. delt. [Sax. dcdan, 
bcdaelan, gedcelan.'] 1. To divide 3 to part 3 to separate 3 
hence, to divide in portions 3 to distribute. 2. To scatter 3 
to throw about. 3. To throw out in succession 3 to give 
one after another. 4. To distribute the cards of a pack to 
the players. 

Deal, v. L 1. To traffick 3 to trade 3 to negotiate. 2. To 
act between man and man 3 to intervene 3 to transact or 
negotiate between men. 3. To behave well or ill 3 to act 3 
to conduct one’s self in relation to others. 4. To distrib- 
ute cards. 

To deal by. To treat, either well or ill. — To deal in. 1. To 
have to do with 3 to be engaged, in 3 to practice. 2. To 
trade in.— To deal with. 1. To treat in any manner 3 to 
use well or ill. 2. To contend with 3 to treat with, by 
way of opposition, check or correction. 3. To treat with 
by way of discipline, in ecclesiastical affairs 3 to admon- 
ish. 

Deal, n. [Sax. dcel, dal, gedal.] 1. Literally, a division 3 
a part or portion ; hence, an indefinite quantity, degree or 
extent. 2. The division or distribution of cards 3 the art 
or practice of dealing cards. 3. The division of a piece 
of timber made by sawing 3 a board or plank. 

DE-AL'BATE, v. t. [Ij. dealbo.] To whiten. [Little used."] 

DE-AL-Ba'TION, 71. The act of bleaching 3 a whitening. 

DeAL'ER, n. 1. One who deals 3 one who has to do with 
any thing, or has concern with. 2. A trader 3 a traffick- 
er 3 a shopkeeper 3 a broker 3 a merchant 3 a word of very 
extensive use. 3. One who distributes cards to the play- 
ers. 

DeAL'ING, 1. Dividing 3 distributing 3 throwing out. 
2. Trading 3 trafficking 3 negotiating. 3. Treating 3 be- 
having. 

DeAL'ING, n. 1. Practice 3 action 3 conduct 3 behavior. 
2. Conduct in relation to others 3 treatment. 3. Inter- 
course in buying and selling 3 traffick 3 business 3 nego- 
tiation. 4. Intercourse of business or friendship 3 con- 
cern. 

t DE-AIVPBU-LATE, V. i. [L. deambulo.] To walk abroad. 

I)E-AM-BU-La'TION, 71. The act of walking abroad. 
Elyot. 

DE-AM'BU-LA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to walks. 

DE-AM'BU-LA-TO-RY, 71. A place to walk in. 

Dean, 71. [Fr. doyen ,* Arm. dean ; Sp. dean, decano.'] 1. 
In England, an ecclesiastical dignitary in cathedral and 
collegiate churches, and the head of a chapter 3 the sec- 
ond dignitary of a diocese. 2. An officer in each college 
of the universities in England. — 3. In the United States, 
an officer in a medical school. 

DeAN'ER-Y, 71. 1. The office or the revenue of a dean. 2. 
The house of a dean. Shak. 3. The jurisdiction of a 
dean . — Dean and chapter are the bishop’s council, to aid 
him with their advice in affairs of religion, and in the 
temporal concerns of his see. 

DeAN'SHIP, 71. The office of a dean. 

Dear, a. [Sax. dear.'] 1. Scarce 3 not plentiful 3 [oi^.] 
Shak. 2. Bearing a high price in comparison of the usual 
price 3 more costly than usual 3 of a higher price than the 
customary one. 3. Of a high value in estimation 3 great- 
1}^ valued 3 beloved 3 precious. 

|DeAR, a. [Sax. dey'ian.] Hurtful 3 grievous 3 hateful. 
Sluik. 

fDEAR, V. t. To make dear. Shelton. 

Dear, n. A darling 3 a word denoting tender affection or 
endearment 3 as, my dear. 

DitAR'BOUGIIT, a. Purchased at a high price. 

DeAR'LING. Sc« Darling. 

DeAR'L6VED, a. Greatly beloved. Shak. 

DEAR'LY, adv. 1. At a high price. 2. With great fond- 
ness. 

f DEARN, a. [Sax. deorn.] Lonely 3 solitary 3 melancholy. 
Shak. 

DeAR'NESS, n. 1. Scarcity 3 high price, or a higher price 
than the customary one. 2. Fondness 3 nearness to the ' 


heart or affections 3 great value in estimation 3 precious- 
ness 3 tender love. 

t DEARN'LY, adv. Secretly 3 privately. See Dernlt. 

DEARTH, (derth) ?i. 1. Scarcity. 2. Want 3 need 3 famine. 
3. Barrenness 3 sterility. 

t DE-AR-TIU'U-LATE, r. t. To disjoint. 

DEATH, (deth) n. [Sax. death.^ 1. That state of a being, 
animal or vegetable, but more particularly of an animal, 
in which there is a total and permanent cessatiqn of all 
the vital functions, when the organs have not only ceas- 
ed to act, but have lost the susceptibility of renewed action. 
2. The state of the dead. 3. The manner of dying. 4. 
The image of mortality represented by a skeleton. 5. 
Murder. 6. Cause of death. 7. Destroyer or agent of 
death. — 8. In poetry, the means or instrument of death. 
— 9. In theology, T^erpeixidii separation from God, and eter- 
nal torments 3 called the second death. Rev. ii. 10. Sep- 
aration or alienation of the soul from God 3 a being under 
the dominion of sin, and destitute of grace or divine life 3 
called spiritual death . — Civil death is the separation of a 
man from civil society, or from the enjoyment of civil 
rights 3 as by banishment. 

DEATH'-BED, (deth'bed) n. The bed on which a person 
dies, or is confined in his last sickness. 

DEATH'-BoD-ING, a. Portending death. Shak. 

DEATH'-DART-ING, a. Darting or inflicting death. 

DEATH’S'-DoOR, n. A near approach to death 3 the gates 
of death. Taylor. 

DEATH'FIJL, a. Full of slaughter 3 murderous 3 destruc- 
tive. 

DE ATH'FUL-NESS, n. Appearance of death. Taylor. 

DE ATII'LESS, a. Immortal 3 not subject to death, destruc- 
tion or extinction. 

DEATH'LIKE, a. 1. Resembling death 3 gloomy 3 still 3 
calm 5 quiet 3 peaceful 3 motionless 3 like death in horror 
or in stillness. 2. Resembling death 5 cadaverous. 

DEA7’H’S'-MAN, 71. An executioner 5 a hangman. 

DEATIP-SHAD-oWED, a. Surrounded by the shades of 
death. More. 

DEATH'-To-KEN, n. That which indicates approaching 
death. Shak. 

DEATH'WARD, adv. Toward death. Beaumont. 

DEATH'-WATCH, n. A small insect whose ticking is 
weakly supposed to prognosticate death. 

DE-AU'RATE, v. t. [L. deauro.'] To gild [Little used."] 

DE-AU'RATF,rt Gilded. 

t DE-AU-Ra'T 10N, 71. The act of gilding. 

t DE-BA€'€HATE, v. i. [L. debacchor.] To rage or roar 
after the manner of drunkards. Cockeram. 

t DE-BA€-CHa'TION, n. A raging 3 a madness. 

DE-BA€'LE, ?i. [Fr.] A breaking or bursting forth. 

DE-BaR', V. t. To cut off from entrance 3 to preclude 3 to 
hinder from approach, entry or enjoyment 3 to shut out 
or exclude. 

t DE-BaRB', V. t. To deprive of the beard. 

DE-BaRIU, 7?. t. [Fr. debar quer.] To land from a ship or 
boat 3 to remove from on board any water-craft, and place 
on land 3 to disembark. [It is less used than disem- 
bark.] 

DE-BARK', V. i. To leave a ship or boat and pass to the 
land. 

DE-BAR-Ka'TION, 71. The act of disembarking. 

DE-BARK'ED, (de-barkt') pp. Removed to land from on 
board a ship or boat. 

DE-BARK'ING, ppr. Removing from a ship to the land 3 
going from on board a vessel. 

DE-BAR'RED, (de-bard') pp. Hindered from approach, en- 
trance or possession. 

DE-BAR'RING, ppr. Preventing from approach, entrance 
or enjoyment. 

DE-BaSE', V. L 1 . To reduce from a higher to a lower 
state or rank, in estimation. 2. To reduce or lower in 
quality, purity, or value 3 to adulterate. 3. To lower or 
degrade 3 to make mean or despicable. 4. To sink in 
purity or elegance 3 to vitiate by meanness. 

DE-BaS'ED, (de-baste') pp. Reduced in estimated rank 5 
lowered in estimation 3 reduced in purity, fineness, qual- 
ity or value 3 adulterated 3 degraded 3 rendered mean. 

DE-BaSE'MENT, n. 7'he act of debasing 3 degradation 5 
reduction of purity, fineness, quality or value 3 adultera- 
tion 3 a state of being debased. 

DE-BaS'ER, n. One who debases or lowers in estimation, 
or in value 3 one who degrades or renders mean 3 that 
which debases. 

DE-BaS'ING, 1. Reducing in estimation or worth 5 
adulterating 3 reducing in purity or elegance 3 degrading 3 
rendering mean. 2. a. Lowering 3 tending to debase or 
degrade. 

DE-BaT'A-BLE, a. 7"hat may be debated 3 disputable 3 
subject to controversy or contention. 

DE-BaTE', n. [Fr. debat.] 1. Contention in words or argu- 
ments 3 discussion for elucidating truth 5 strife in argu- 
ment or reasoning, between persons of different opinions 3 
dispute 3 controversy. 2. fcftrife 3 contention. 3. The 


* See Synopsis A, fi, I, O, U, Y, Zon^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY 3— PIN, M.ARINE, BIRD 3— | Obsolete. 


DEB 


223 


DEC 


power of being disputed. — 4. Debate or debates^ the pub- 
lished report of arguments for and against a measure. 

DE-BaTE', V. t. [Fr. debattre.'] To contend for in words or 
arguments ; to strive to maintain a cause by reasoning ; to 
dispute j to discuss ; to argue j to contest, as opposing 
parties. 

DE-BaTE', V. i. 1. To debate on or in^ to deliberate j to dis- 
cuss or examine different arguments in the mind. 2. To 
dispute. 3. To engage in combat ; in 

DE-BaT'ED, pp. Disputed ; argued ; discussed. 

DE-BaTE'FUL, rt. 1. Of things^ contested j occasioning 
contention. Spenser. 2. Of persojiSj quarrelsome 3 con- 
tentious. [Little %Lsed.'\ 

DE-BaTE'F(JL-LY, adv. With contention. Sherwood. 

DE-BaTE'MENT, n. Controversy ; deliberation. [Little 
Shak. 

DE-BaT'ER, n. One who debates ; a disputant ; a contro- 
vertist. 

DE-BaT'[NG, ppr. Disputing; discussing; contending by 


arguments. 

DE-BA UCFF, v. t. [Fr. debaiLchcr.^ 1. To cormpt or vitiate. 
2. To corrupt with lewdness. 3. To seduce from duty 
or allegiance. 

DE-BAUCH', w. [¥r. dcbauchc.'] Excess in eating or drink- 
ing ; intemperance ; drunkenness; gluttony; lewdness. 

DE-BAUCH'ED, (de-baucht') pp. Corrupted; vitiated in 
morals or purity of character. 

DE-BAUCH'ED-LY, adv. In a profligate manner. 

DE-BAUC^H^ED-NESS, n. Intemperance. Bp. Hall. 

DEB-AU-CHEE', n. A man given to intemperance, or 
bacchanalian excesses. But chiejlij, a man habitually 
lewd. 

DE-BA UCH'ER, n. One who debauches or corrupts others ; 
a seducer to lewdness, or to any dereliction of duty. 

DE-BA UCII'ER-Y, n. 1. Excess in the pleasures of the ta- 
ble-gluttony ; intemperance. But c/ne^y, habitual lewd- 
ness ; excessive unlawful indulgence of lust. 2. Corrup- 
tion of fidelity ; seduction from duty or allegiance. 

DE-BA UCH'MENT, n. The act of debauching or corrupt- 
ing the act of seducing from virtue or duty. 

DE-BA UCH'NESS, 

DE-BAUCHT'NESS, 


n. Excess. 


t DE-BEL'LATE j debello.] To subdue, 

t DE-BEL-La'Ti 6 n, n. The act of conquering or subdu- 


ing. 

DE-BENT'URE, n. [Fr.] 1 A writing acknowledging a 
debt ; a writing or certificate signed by a public officer, as 
evidence of a debt due to some person. — 2. In the cus- 
toms, a certificate of drawback ; a writing which states 
that a person is entitled to a certain sum from the govern- 
ment, on the exportation of specified goods, the dutfeson 
which had been paid. 

DE-BENT'URED, a. Debentured goods are those for which 
a debenture has been given, as being entitled to draw- 


back. 

DEB'ILE, a. [L. debilis ; Fr. debile.] Relaxed ; weak ; fee- 
ble ; languid ; faint ; without strength. Shak. 

DE-BIL'I-TATE, v. t. [L. debilito.] To weaken ; to impair 
the strength of; to enfeeble ; to make faint or languid. 

DE-BIL'I-TA-TED, pj?. Weakened; enfeebled; relaxed. 

DE-BILH-TA-TING, ppr. Weakening; enfeebling; im- 
pairing strength. 

DE-BIL-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of weakening ; relaxa- 
tion. 

DE-BIL'I-TY, n. [L. debilitas.] Relaxation of the solids ; 
weakness ; feebleness ; languor of body ; faintness ; im- 
becility. 

DEB'IT, n. [L. debitum.] Debt. It is usually written debt. 
But it is used in mercantile language ; as, the debit side of 


an account. 

DEB'IT, V. t. 1. To charge with debt. 2. To enter an ac- 
count on the debtor side of a book. 

DEB'IT-ED, pp. 1. Charged in debt; made debtor on ac- 
count. 2. Charged to one’s debt, as money or goods. 

DEB'IT-ING, ppr. 1. Making debtor on account, as a per- 
son. 2. Charging to the debt of a person, as goods. 

DEB'IT-OR, n. A debtor. Shak. 

fDE-BOISE', ^ j ^ 

t DE-BOISH', i (leoaucn. 

DEB-ON-NaIR', a. [Fr.] Civil; well-bred; complaisant; 
elegant. JMilten. 

|DEB-0N NaIR'I-TY, 71. Graciousness ; gentleness ; ele- 
gance of manners. Donne. 

t DEB-OiV-NaIR'LY, adv. Elegantly ; with a genteel air. 

t DEB-ON-NaIR'NESS, 71. Civility ; complaisance. Sterne. 

DE-BoUCH', V. i. [Fr. deboucher.] To issue or march out 
of a narrow place, or from defiles, as troops. 

DE-BRIS', (de-bree') 71. [Fr.] Fracments ; rubbish; ruins; 
applied particularly to the fragments of rocks. 

DEBT, (det) v. [L. debitum.] 1. That which is due from 
one person to another, whether money, goods, or ser- 
vices ; that which one person is bound to pay or perform 
to another. 2. That which any one is obliged to do or to 


suffer. — 3. In law, an action to recover a debt. — 4. In 
S ripture, sin; trespass; guilt; crime; that which ren 
ders liable to punishment. 

t DEBT'ED, (det'ted) pp. Indebted; obliged to. Shak. 

DEBT-EE', (det-tee') 71. A creditor ; one to whom a debt is 
due. Blackstone. 

DEBT'LESS, (det'les) a. Free from debt. Chaucer. 

DEBT'OR, (det'tor) n. [L. debitor.] 1. The person who 
owes another either money, goods or services. 2. One 
who is under obligation to do something. 3 . The side of 
an account in which debts are charged. See Debit. 

t DEB-UL-Li"TION, n. A bubbling or seething over. 

DE-BUT', (de-bu') 71. [Fr.] A very modern expression, de- 
noting the commencement or opening of a discourse or 
any design. 

DEC'A-CHORD, ) n. [Gr. and 'xop^rj.] 1. A mu- 

DE€-A-€HORD'ON, f sical instrument of ten strings. 2. 
Something consisting of ten parts. 

f DEC-A-CU'MI-NA-TED, a. [\a. decacuminatus.] Having 
the top or point cut off. 

DEC' A-DAL, a. Pertaining to ten ; consisting of tens. 

DEC'ADE, n. [L. decas, decadis ; Fr. decade.] The sum or 
number often ; an aggregate consisting of ten. 

dI-CA'DEnSy, I Decay. See Decay. 

DEG'A-GON, n. [Gr. hcKa and yoivia.] In geometry^ a plane 
figure having ten sides and ten angles. 

DEC'A-GRAM, n [Gr. and oraTU.] A French weight 
of ten grams, equal to 5 drams, 65 decimals, avoirdupois. 


DEG'A-GYN, n. [Gr. IwKa and yovrj.] In botany, a plant 
having ten pistils. 

DEC-A-GYN'I-AN, a. Having ten pistils. 

DE€-A-HE'DRAL, a. Having ten sides. 

DE€-A-He'DRON, 71. [Gr. ^cKa and e^pa.] In geometry, a 
figure or body having ten sides. 

DEC'A-LIT-ER, n. [Gr. 6tKa, and liter.] A French meas- 
ure of capacity, containing ten liters. 

DE-€AL'0-GIST, n. One who explains the decalogue. 

DEG'A-LOGUE, (dek'a-log) n. [Gr. ^zKa and Xoyo?.] The 
ten commandments or precepts given by God to Moses. 

DE-CAM'E-TER, n. [Gr. 6tKa and perpov.] A French 
measure of length, consisting of ten metres, and equal tc 
393,71 English inches. 

DE-GAMP', V. i. [Fr. decamper.] To remove or depart from 
a camp ; to march off. 


DE-CAMP'MENT, n. Departure from a camp; a march- 
ing off. 

DEC'A-NAL, a. Pertaining to a deaner 5 ^ 


DE-GAN'DER, n. [Gr. Ssku and avyp.] In botany, a plant 
having ten stamens. 

DE-€AN'DRI-AN, a. Having ten stamens. 


DE-€AN'GU-LAR, a. [Gr. hcKa, and angular.] Having ten 
angles. Lee. 

DE-CANT', V. t. [L. decanto.] To pour off gently, as liquor 
from its sediment ; or to pour from one vessel into an- 
other. 

DE-CAN-Ta'TION, n. The act of pouring liquor gently 
from its lees or sediment, or from one vessel into another. 

DE-CANT'ED, pp. Poured off, or from one vessel into an- 
other. 

DE-CANT'ER, n. 1. A vessel used to decant liquors, or 
for receiving decanted liquors. A glass vessel or bottle 
used for holding wine or other liquors. 2. One who 
decants liquors. 

DE-CANT'ING, ppr. Pouring off, as liquor from its lees, or 
from one vessel to another. 

DE-CAP'l-TATE, v. t. [L. decapito.] To behead; to cut 
off the head. 

DE-CAP-I-TA'TION, n. The act of beheading. 

DE-CAPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. ScKa and cpvWov.] Having 
ten leaves. Martyn. 

DE-CAR'BON-iZE, v. t. To deprive of carbon. 

DE-CAR'BON-iZED, pp. Deprived of carbon. 

DE-CAR'BON-I-ZING, ppr. Depriving of carbon. 

DEC'A-STICII, 77. [Gr. and ertp^oj.] A poem consist- 
ing of ten lines. 


DEC'A-STYLE, 77. [Gr. ^cku and oruXof.] A building with 
an ordnance of ten columns in front. 

DE-CAY', V. i. [Fr. dechoir.] 1. To pass gradually from a 
sound, prosperous or perfect state, to a less perfect state, 
or towards destruction ; to fail ; to decline ; to be gradu- 
ally impaired. 2. To become weaker ; to fail. 

DE-CAY', V. t. To cause to fail ; to impair; to .bring to a 
worse state. [Rarely used.] 

DE-CAY', 77. 1. Gradual failure of health, strength, sound- 
ness, prosperity, or any species of excellence or perfec- 
tion ; decline to a worse or less perfect state ; tendency 
towards dissolution or extinction ; a state of depravation 
or diminution. 2. Declension from prosperity ; decline 
of fortune. 3. Cause of decay ; [not ?/.s«flU] 

DE-CAY'ED, (de-kade') pp. Having fallen from a good or 
sound state ; impaired ; weakened ; diminished. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BULL, UNITE. — C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CU as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


DEC 


DEC 224 


t)E-€AY'ED-NEfS, n. A state of being impaired ; decayed 
state. 

DE-€a Y'ER, 7J. That which causes decay. Shak, 

DE-t^A YMNG,;;;w. Failing; declining; passing from a good, 
prusperoua or sound state, to a worse condition ; perisli- 
ing. 

DE-€-aY'ING, 71. Decay ; decline. 

DE-CeASFi', 71. [L. Literally^ departure; hence, 

departure from this life ; death. 

DE-(JkASE', V, i. To depart from this life ; to die. 

DE-CeAjS'ED, (de-seest') yp. or a. Departed from life. This 
is used as a passive participle, 

DE-CKAS'r.\(r, ppr. Departing from life ; dying. 

DE-CE'DENT, n. [L. decedens.] A deceased person. Laws 
of Penn. 

DE-Ce 1T', 71. [Norm, decent ; L. deceptio.'\ 1. Literally^ a 
catching or )nsnaring. Hence, the misleading of a per- 
son ; the leading or another person to believe what is 
false, or not to believe what is true, and thus to insnare 
him ; fraud ; follacy ; cheat. 2. Stratagem ; aitifice ; de- 
vice intended to mislead. — 3. In ScripUtre, that which is 
obtained by guile, fraud or oppression. — 4. In Zow, any 
trick, device, craft, collusion, shift, covin or unde. hand 
practice, used to defraud another. 

DE-CeIT'FUL, fl. 1. Tending to mislead, deceive or in- 
snare. 2. Full of deceit ; trickish ; fraudulent ; cheating. 

DE-CEn[ 'FUL-LY, adv. In a deceitful manner; fraudu- 
lently ; with deceit ; in a manner or with a view to de- 
Cgiv6* 

DE-CeIT'FIJL-NESS, 71. 1. Tendency to mislead or de- 
ceive. 2. The ouality of being fraudulent. 3. The dis- 
position to deceive. 

DE-CElT'.iESS, a. Free from deceit. Hall. 

DE-CeIV'A-BLE, a. 1. Subject to deceit or imposition ; 
capable of being misled or entrapped ; exposed to impos- 
ture. 2. Subject or apt to produce error or deception ; de- 
ceitful. 

DE-CeiV'A-BLE-NESS, 71. 1. Liahleness to be deceived. 

2. Liableness to deceive. 

DE-CeI VE', 7J. t. fL. decipio ; Fr. decevoir.] 1. To mislead 
the mind ; to cause to err ; to cause to believe what is 
false, or disbelieve what is true ; to impose on ; to delude. 
2. To beguile ; to cheat. 3. To cut off from expectation ; 
to frustrate cr disappoint. 4. To take from ; to rob ; [rtot 
Tised.] Bacon. 

DE-CeIV ED, (de-seevdO pp» Misled; led into error; be- 
guiled ; cli»*ated ; deluded. 

DE-Ce 1VER, 71. One who deceives; one who leads into 
error ; a cheat ; an impostor. 

DE-CeIV' 1NG. Misleading; insnaring; beguiling; 
cheating. 

DE-CEM'BER, 7>. [L. December, "] The last month in the 
year, in which the sun enters the tropic of Capricorn, and 
makes tl.e winfar solstice. 

DE-CEM-DEN'TATE, a. [L. decern and dcntatus.l Hav- 
ing ten p(»ints or toeth. 

DEC'EM-FID, «. [\j. decern and fido."] Ten-cleft; divided 
into ten parts ; having ten divisions. 

DEC-EM-LOC'U-LAR, a. [L. decern and loculus.^ Having 
ten cells for seeds. 

DEC'EM-PE-DAL, a. [L. decern and pc5.] Ten feet in 
length. 

DE-CEM'ViR, 71. [L. decern and 7nr.] One of ten magis- 
trates, who had aWolute authority in ancient Rome. 

DE-CEM VI-RAL, a. Pertaining to the decemvirs in Rome. 

DE-CEM'VI-RATE, n. [L. decemvir atus.'\ J. The office or 
term of office of the decemvirs or ten magistrates in Rome, 
who had absolute authority for two years. 2. A body of 
ten men in authority. 

t De'CENCE. The same as decency. 

DE'CEN-CY, 71. [Fr. decence ; L. decentia.] 1. That which 
is fit, suitable or becoming, in words or behavior ; pro- 
priety of form, in social intercourse, in actions or dis- 
course ; propar formality ; becoming ceremony. It has a 
special reference to behavior. 2. ^Suitableness to char- 
acter ; propriety. 3. Propriety in speech ; modesty ; op- 
posed to ribaldry, or obscenity. 

DE-CEN'NA'RY, 77. [Ij. decenniSj decennium.] 1. A period 
of ten years. 2. A tithing consisting of ten freeholders 
and their families. 

DE-CEN'NI-AIi, a. [L. decennalis.] Continuing for ten 
years ; consisting of ten years ; or happening every ten 
years. 

DE(/'EN-No-VAL, ) a. [L. decern and novem.] Pertain- 

DE-CEN'NO-VA-RY, \ ing to the number nineteen ; des- 
ignating a period or circle of nineteen years. 

DE'CENT, a. [h. decens : Fr. decott.] 1. Becoming; fit; 
suitable, in words, behavior, dress and ceremony. 2. 
Comely ; not gaudy or ostentatious. 3. Not immodest. 
— 4. In popular lanp-ua(re^ moderate, but competent ; not 
large : as, a decent fortune. 

De CENT-LY, adv. 1. In a decent or becoming manner ; 
with propriety of behavdor or speech. 2. Without im- 
modesty. 


De CENT*NESS, 7t. Decency. 

DE-CEP-1 1-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being ca- 
pable or liable to be deceived. 

DE-CEBTl-bLE, a. That may be deceived. Brown. 

DE-CEP'TION, n. [L. deceptio.'\ 1. The act of deceiving 
or misleading. 2. The state of being deceived or misled. 

3. Artifice practiced ; ciieat. 

DE-CEP'TIOUS, a. Tending to deceive; deceitful. Shak. 

DE-C£P'T1VE, a. Tending to deceive; liaving power to 
mislead, or impress false opinions. 

* DE-CEP'TO-RY, a. I'ending to deceive; containing qual- 
ities or means adapted to mislead. 

f DE-CERN', V. t. [L. decerno.l To judge ; to estimate. 

t DE-CERPT', < 1 . [L. decerptus.'\ Cropped. 

DE-CERP'TI-BLE, a. That may be taken off. 

DE-CERP'TION, n. [L. decerpo.'\ A pulling or plucking 
off, a cropping. Olanville. 

DE-CER-TA-TION, n. [L. decertatio.'\ Strife ; contest for 
mastery. [Little Brown. 

DE-CES'SIOx\, 77. [h. decessio.] Departure. [Little used.] 

DE-CHaRM', V. t. [Fr. decharmer,] To remove a spell or 
enchantment ; to disenchant. Harvey. 

DE-CHARM'ED, (de-charmd') pp. Disenchanted. 

DE-CHARM'ING, ppr. Removing a spell. 

DE-€HRIS'TIAN-iZE, V. t. To turn from Christianity ; to 
banjsh Cliristian belief and principles from. J. P. Smith. 

DE-CiD'A-BLE, a. Tliat may be decked. Jones. 

DE-CiDE', V. t. [L. decido.] 1. To end ; to determine, as 
a controversy. 2. To end or determine, as a dispute or 
quarrel. 3. To end or determine a combat or battle. 4. 
To determine ; to fix the event of. 5. In general, to end ; 
to terminate. 

DE-CIDE', V. i. To determine ; to form a definite opinion ; 
to come to a conclusion. 

DE-CiD'ED, pp. Determined ; ended ; concluded. 

DE-CID'ED, a. That implies decision ; clear; unequivocal; 
that puts an end to doubt. P. Henry. 

DE-CID'ED-IjY, adv. In a decided or determined manner; 
clearly ; indisputably. 

t DE-Cl'DENCE, n. [L. decidens.] A falling off. Brown. 

DE-CID'ER, 77. One who determines a cause or contest. 

DE-CTD'ING, ppr. Determining; ending; concluding. 

DE-CID'U-0(JS, a. [L. deciduus.] Falling ; not perennial 
or permanent. — In botany, a deciduous leaf is one which 
falls in autumn. 

DE-CID'U-OUS-NESS, ti. The quality of falling once a 
year. 

DEC'I-GRAM, 71, A French weight of one tenth of a gram. 

De'CIL, n. An aspect or position of two planets, when 
they are distant from each other a tenth part of the zo- 
diac. 

DECT-LIT-ER, n. A French measure of capacity equal to 
one tenth of a liter. 

DEC'1-MAL, a. [L. decimus.] 1. Numbered by ten. 2. 
Increasing or diminishing by ten ; as, decimal fractions. 

3. Tenth. 

DECT-MAL, 77. A tenth. 

DEC'I-MAL-LY, adv. By tens ; by means of decimals. 

DEC'I-MATE, V. t. [L. decimo.] 1. To tithe ; to take the 
tenth part. 2. To select by lot and punish with death 
every tenth man. 3. To take every tenth. 

DEC-I-MA'TION, 77. 1. A tithing; a selection of every 

tenth by lot. 2. The selecting by lot for punishment eve- 
ry tenth man in a company or regiment, &lc. 

DEC'I-MA-TOR, n. One who selects every tenth man for 
punishment. South. 

DE-CIM'E-TER, 77. A French measure of length equal to 
the tenth part of a metre. 

DEC'I-MO-SEX'TO, ?i. [L.] A book is in decimo-sexto, 
when a sheet is folded into sixteen leaves. Taylor. 

DE-Cl'PHER, V. t. [Fr. dechiffrer.] 1. To find the alpha- 
bet of a cipher ; to explain what is written in ciphers, by 
finding what letter each character or mark represents. 
2. To unfold ; to unravel what is intricate ; to explain 
what is obscure or difficult to be understood. 3. To 
write out ; to mark down in characters ; [unconnnon.] 

4. To stamp ; to mark ; to characterize ; [7777776770^.1 
Shak. 

DE-Ci'PHERED, pp. Explained ; unravelled ; marked. 

DE-Cl'PHER-ER, n. One who explains what is written in 
ciphers 

DE-Ci'PHER-ING, ppr. Explaining; detecting the letters 
represented by ciphers; unfolding; marking. 

DE-CI.«'ION, 77. [L. decisio.] 1. Determination, as of a 
question or d^'ubt ; final judgment or opinion, in a case 
which has been under deliberation or discussion. 2. De- 
termination of a contest or ev^ent ; end cf a struggle. — 3. 
In Scotland, a narrative or report of the proceedings of 
the court of sessions. 4. Report of the opinions and de- 
terminations of any tribunal. 5. Act of separation ; di- 
vision ; [not used.] 

DE-CT'SI VE, a. I. Having the power or quality of de- 
termining a question, doubt, or any subject of deliber- 
ation ; final ; conclusive ; putting an end to controver- 


* See Synopsis, A, E, I, O, tj, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PR£Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete, 


DEC 


DEC ^ 225 


sy. 2. Having the power of determining a contest or 
event. 

I)E-CrSIVE-LY, adv. In a conclusive manner. 

DE-CrsSlVE-NESS, n. 1. The power of an argument or of 
evidence to terminate a difference or doubt ; conclusive- 
ness. 2. The power of an event to put an end to a con- 
test. 

DE-Cl SO-RY, a. Able to decide or determine. 

DE€K, V. t. [D. dekken ,* G. decken.~\ 1. Primarily , to 
cover ; to ovei-spread ; to put on. 2. To clothe ; to dress 
the person j but itsually, to clothe with more than ordina- 
ry elegance ; to array j to adorn 3 to embellish. 3. To 
furnish with a deck, as a vessel. 

DE€K, n. 1. The covering of a ship, which constitutes a 
floor, made of timbers and planks. 2. A pack of cards 
piled regularlj^ on each other. 

DEGKED, pp. Covered ; adorned ; furnished with a deck. 

DECK'ER, 71. 1. One who decks or adorns; a coverer. 2. 
Of a shipj we say, she is a two-decker or a three-decker., 
that is, she has two decks or three decks. 

DECKING, ppr. Covering; arraying; adorning. 

DECK ING, n. Ornament ; embellishment. 

DE-€LaIM', V. i. [L. declamo.'] 1. To speak a set oration 
in public ; to speak rhetorically ; to make a formal speech, 
or oration. 2. To harangue ; to speak loudly or earnest- 
ly, to a public body or assembly, with a view to convince 
their minds or move their passions. 

DE-CLaEM', V. t. 1. To speak in public. 2. To speak in 
favor of ; to advocate ; [iiot in zise.] 

DE-CL aIM'A NT, | n. 1. One who declaims ; a speaker in 

DE-GLaIM'ER, ^ public ; one who attempts to convince 
by a harangue. 2. One who speaks clamorously. 

DE-CLaIjM'ING, ppr. Speaking rhetorically ; haranguing. 

DE-CLaIM'ING, n. A harangue. Bp. Taylor. 

DEC-LA-Ma'TION, n. [L. declamatio.'] 1. A speech made 
in public, in the tone and manner of an oration ; a dis- 
course addressed to the reason or to the passions ; a set 
speech ; a harangue. 2. A piece spoken in public, or in- 
tended for the public. 

t DE€ 1 -LA-Ma'TOR, n. A declaimer. Taylor. 

DE-CLAM'A-TO-RY, a. [L. dPclamatorius.'\ 1. Relating 
to the practice of declaiming ; pertaining to declamation ; 
treated in the manner of a rhetorician. 2. Appealing to 
the passions ; noisy ; rhetorical without solid sense or ar- 
gument. 

DE-CLaR'A-BLE, a. That may be declared or proved. 

DEC-LA-Ra'TION, 71. [L. declaratio.] 1. An atlirination ; 
an open expression of facts or opinions ; verbal utterance. 
2. Expression of facts, opinions, promises, predictions, 
&c., in writings ; records or reports of what has been de- 
clared or uttered. 3. Publication ; manifestation. 4. A 
public annunciation ; proclamation. — 5. In lavi, that part 
of the process or pleadings in which the plaintiff sets forth 
at large his cause of complaint ; the narration or count. 

DE-CLAR'A-TiVE, a. 1. Making declaration ; explanato- 
ry ; making show or manifestation. 2. Making procla- 
mation or publication. 

DE-CL AR'A-TO-RI-LY, adv. By declaration or exhibition. 

DE-CL AR'A-TO-RY, a. Making declaration, clear mani- 
festation or exhibition ; expressiv'e. 

DE-CLaRE', V. t. [1 j. declaro.] 1. To clear; to free from 
obscurity ; to make plain ; [oZ»s.] Boyle. 2. To make 
known ; to tell explicitly ; to manifest or communicate 
plainly to others by words. 3. To make known ; to show 
to the eye or to the understanding ; to exhibit ; to mani- 
fest by other means than words. 4. To publish ; to pro- 
claim. 5. To assert ; to affirm. — To declare one^s self, to 
throw off reserve, and avow one’s opinion ; to show open- 
ly what one thinks, or which side he espouses. 

DE-CLaRE', v.i. 1. To make a declaration; to proclaim 
or avow some opinion or resolution in favor or in opposi- 
tion ; to make known explicitly some determination. — 
2. In law, to recite the causes of complaint against the 
defendant. 3. To show or manifest the issue or event ; 
to decide in favor of. 

DE-CLaR'ED, (de-klard') pp. Made known ; told explicitly ; 
avowed ; exhibited ; manifested ; published ; proclaimed ; 
recited. 

DE-CLaR'ED-LY, adv. Avowedly; explicitly. 

DE-CLaR'ER, 71. One who makes known or publishes ; 
that which exhibits. 

DE-CLaR'ING, ppr. Making known by words or by other 
means ; manifesting ; publishing ; affirming ; reciting the 
cause of complaint. 

DE-CLaRTNG, n. Declaration ; proclamation. 

DE-CLEN'SION, 71. [Li. declinatio.] 1. Literally, cleaning 
back or down ; hence, a falling or declining towards a 
worse state ; a tendency towards a less degree of excel- 
lence or perfection. 2. Declination; a declining; de- 
scent ; slope. — 3. In grammar, inffection of nouns, adjec- 
tives and pronouns ; the declining, deviation or leaning 
of the termination of a word from the termination of the 
nominative case ; change of termination to form the ob- 
lique cases. 


DE-CLTN'A-BLE, a. That may be declined , changing its 
termination in the oblique cases. 

DEC'LI-NATE, a. [L. dcclinutus .1 In botany, bejiding or 
bent downwards, in a curve ; declining. 

DEC-L1-Na'T 10N, 71. 1. ^ leaning; the act of bending 
down. 2. A declining, or falling into a worse state ; 
change from a better to a worse condition ; decay ; dete- 
rioration ; gradual failure or diminution of strength, sound- 
ness, vigor or excellence. 3. A deviation from a right 
line, in a literal sense ; oblique motion. 4. Deviation from 
rectitude in behavior or morals ; obliquity of conduct. — 
5. In astronomy , a variatioti from a fixed point or line. 
The distance of any celestial object from the equinoctial 
line, or equator, either northward or southward. — b. Bec- 
lination of the compass or needle is the variation of the 
needle from the true meridian of a place. — 7. in dialing, 
the declination of a 7call or plane is an arch of the hori- 
zon, contained between the plane and the jn-iine vertical 
circle, if reckoned from the east or west, or between the 
meridian and the plane, if you reckon from the north or 
south. — 8 . In grammar, declension ; or the inffecticn of a 
noun through its various terminations. 

DEC-LI-Na'TOR, I n. An instrument for taking the dec- 

DE-CLIN'A-TO-RY, ^ lination or inclination of a plane ; 
an instrument in dialing . — Declinatory plea, in law, a 
plea before trial or conviction. 

DE-CLINE', V. i. [L. declino.'\ 1. To lean downward. 2. 
To lean from a right line ; to deviate. 3. To lean or de- 
viate from rectitude ; to leave the path of truth or justice, 
or the course prescribed. 4. To fall ; to tend or draw to- 
wards the close. 5. To avoid or shun ; to refuse ; not to 
comply ; not to do. C. To fall ; to fail , to sink ; to de- 
cay ; to be impaired ; to tend to a less perfect state. 7. 
To sink ; to diminish ; to fall in value. 

DE-CLlNE', V. t. 1. To bend downward ; to bring down. 
2. To bend to one side ; to move from a fixed point or 
right line. 3. To shun or avoid ; to refuse ; not to engage 
in ; to be cautious not to do or interfere ; not to accept or 
comply with. 4. To inflect ; to change the termination 
of a word, for forming the oblique cases. 

DE-CLINE', n. Literally, a leaning from ; hence, a falling 
off ; a tendency to a worse state ; diminution or decay ; 
deterioration. 

DE-CLIN'ED, (de-klind') pp. Bent downward or from ; in- 
flected. 

DE-CLiN'ING, jopr. Leaning; deviating; falling; failing; 
decaying ; tending to a worse state ; avoiding; refusing ; 
inflecting. 

DE-CLIV'l-TY, 71. [L. dcclivitas.] Declination from a hori- 
zontal line ; descent of land ; inclination downward ; a 
slope ; a gradual descent. 

DE-CLI'VOUS, or DE-CLIV'I-TOUS, a. Gradually de- 
scending ; not precipitous ; sloping. 

DE-COCT', V. t. [L. decoquo, decoctum.'] 1. To prepare by 
boiling ; to digest in hot or boiling water. 2. To digest 
by the heat of tlie stomach ; to prepare as food for nour- 
ishing the body. 3. To boil in water, for extracting the 
principles or virtues of a substance. 4. To boil up to a 
consistence ; to invigorate. 

DE-COCTT-BLE, a. That may be boiled or digested. 

DE-COC'TION, n. \¥x. decoction.'^ 1. The act of boiling a 
substance in water, for extracting its virtues. 2 . T he 
liquor in which a substance has been boiled ; water im- 
pregnated with the principles of any animal or vegetable 
substance boiled in it. 

DE-COCT'IVE, a. That may be easily decocted. 

DE-COCT'URE, n. A substance drawn by decoction. 

De'COL-LATE, V. t. [L. decollo.l To behead. Burke. 

De'COL-LA-TED, pp. Beheaded. 

DE-COL-La'TION, 71. [L. decollatio.] The act of behead- 
ing ; the act of cutting off the neck of an animal, and sev- 
ering the head from the body. 

DE-C 6 L-OR-a'TION, 71. [L. dccoloratio.] Absence of col- 
or. Ferrand. 

De'COM-PLEX, a. Compounded of complex ideas. Locke. 

DE-COM-Po'SA-BLE, a. That may be decomposed ; capa- 
ble of being resolved into its constituent elements. 

DE-COM-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. decomposer .~\ To separate the 
constituent parts of a body or substance ; to disunite ele- 
mentary particles combined by affinity or chemical attrac- 
tion ; to resolve into original elements. 

DE-COM-PoS'ED, (de-kom-pozd') pp. Separated or resolved 
into the constituent parts. 

DE-COM-POSTNG, ppr. Separating into constituent 
parts. 

DE-COM-POS'lTE, a. [L. de and compositus.'] Compounded 
a second time ; compounded with things already com- 
posite. Bacon. 

DE-COM-PO-Si"TION, n. 1. Analysis; the act of separa- 
ting the constituent parts of a substance, which are chem- 
ically combined. 2. A second composition ; [in this sense 
not used.^ Boyle. 

DE-COM-POUND', V. t. 1. To compound a second time ; 
to compound or mix with that which is already com- 


t Obsolete. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 

15 


DED 


DEC 226 


pound ; to form by a second composition. JV'ewton. 2. To 
decompose ; [little used.] 

DE-COM-POtJND', a. 1. Composed of things or words al- 
ready compounded ; compounded a second time. Boyle. 

2. A decompound leaf, in botany, is when the primary 
petiole is so divided that each part forms a compound 
leaf. 

DE-COM-POUND'A-BLE, a. That may be decompounded. 

DE-COM-POLTND'ED, pp. Compounded a second time j 
composed of things already compounded. 

DE-€OM-POUND'lNG, ppr. Compounding a second time. 

t DEC'O-RA-MENT, n. Ornament ; embellishment. 

DEC'O-RATE, v. t. [L. decoro.] 1. To adorn ; to beautify j 
to embellish ; used of external ornaments or apparel. 2. 
To adorn with internal grace or beauty ; to render lovely. 

3. To adorn or beautify with any thing agreeable j to em- 
bellish. 

DEC'O-RA-TED, pp. Adorned ; beautified ; embellished. 

DEC^O-RA-TING, ppr. Adorning ; embellishing ; rendering 
beautififi to the eye, or lovely to the mind. 

DEC-O-Ra'TION, n. 1. Ornament ; embellishment ; any 
thing added which rendei-s more agreeable to the eye or 
to the intellectual view. — 2. In architecture, any thing 
which adorns and enriches an edifice, as vases, paintings, 
figures, festoons, &c. — 3. In theatres, the scenes, which 
are changed as occasion requires. 

DE€'0-RA-TOR, n. One who adorns or embellishes. 

*DEe O-ROUS, or DE-€o'ROUS, a. ['L. decorns.] De- 
cent ; suitable to a character, or to the time, place and 
occasion ; becoming ; proper ; befitting. 

^ DEC'O-ROUS-LY, adv. In a becoming manner. 

DE-COR'TI-€ATE, v. t. [L. decortico.] To strip off bark ; 
to peel ; to husk ; to take off the exterior coat. 

DE-€OR'TI-€A-TED, pp. Stripped of bark ; peeled j husk- 
ed. 

DE-COR'TI-€A-TING, ppr. Stripping off bark or the ex- 
ternal coat ; peeling. 

DE-€OR-TI-Ga'TION, n. The act of stripping off bark or 
husk. 

DE-€o'RUM, n. [L.] 1. Propriety of speech or behavior; 
suitableness of speech and behavior to one’s own charac- 
ter, and to the characters present, or to the place and oc- 
casion ; seemliness ; decency ; opposed to rudeness, li- 
centiousness or levity. — 2. In architecture, the suitable- 
ness of a building, and of its parts and ornaments, to its 
place and uses. 

DE-GOY', V. t. [D. kooi.] To lead or lure by artifice into a 
snare, with a view to catch ; to draw into any situation to 
be taken by a foe ; to entrap by any means which deceive. 

DE-€OY', n. I. Any thing intended to lead into a snare ; 
any lure or allurement that deceives and misleads into 
evil, danger or the power of an enemy. 2. A place for 
catching wild fowls. 

DE-€OY'-DtrCK, n. A duck employed to draw others into 
a net, or situation to be taken. 

DE-€OY'ED, (de-koyd') pp. Lured or drawn into a snare 
or net ; allured into danger by deception. 

DE-€OY'ING, ppr. Luring into a snare or net by deception ; 
leading into evil or danger. 

DE-GOY'-MAN, n. A man employed in decoying and 
catchmg fowls. 

DE-GRkASE', V. i. [L. decresco.] To become less ; to be 
diminished gradually, in extent, bulk, quantity or amount, 
or in strength, quality or excellence. 

DE-GReASE', V. t. To lessen ; to make smaller in dimen- 
sions, amount, quality or excellence, &cc. ; to diminish 
gradually, or by small deductions. 

DE-GReASE', n. 1. A becoming less ; gradual diminution ; 
decay. 2. The wane of the moon ; the gradual diminu- 
tion of the visible face of the moon from the full to the 
change. 

DE-GRe.AS^ED, (de-kreest') pp. Lessened ; diminished. 

DE-GReAS'ING, ppr. Becoming less ; diminishing; wan- 
ing. 

DE-GREE', n. [L. decretum.] 1. Judicial decision, or deter- 
mination of a litigated cause. — 2. In the civil law, a de- 
termination, or judgment of the emperor on a suit between 
parties. 3. An edict or law made by a council for regu- 
lating any business within their jurisdiction. — 4. In geii- 
eral, an order, edict or law, made by a superior as a rule 
to govern inferiors. 5. Established law, or rule. — 6. In 
theology, predetermined purpose of God. 

DE-GREE', V. t. 1. To determine judicially ; to resolve by 
sentence. 2. To determine or resolve legislatively ; to 
fix or appoint ; to set or constitute by edict or in purpose. 

DE-GREED', pp. Determined judicially ; resolved ; appoint- 
ed ; established in purpose. 

DE-GREE'ING, ppr. Determining ; resolving ; appointing ; 
ordering. 

DEG'RE-MENT, n. [L. decrernentum.] I. Decrease ; waste ; 
the state of becoming less gradually. 2. The quantity lost 
by gradual diminution or waste. — 3. In heraldry, the 
wane of the moon. — 4. In cry sialography, a successive 
diminution of the lamens of molecules. 


DE-GREP'IT, a. [L. decrepitus.] Broken down with age ; 
wasted or worn by the infirmities of old age ; being in the 
last stage of decay ; weakened by age. Pope. 

DE-GREP'I-TATE, v. t. [L. decrepo.] To roast or calcine 
in a strong heat, with a continual bursting or crackling of 
the substance. 

DE-GREP'I-TATE, v. i. To crackle, as salts when roast- 
ing. 

DE-GREP'I-TA-TED, pp. Roasted with a crackling noise. 

DE-GREP'I-TA-TING, ppr. Grackling ; roasting with a 
crackling noise ; suddenly bursting when exposed to heat. 

DE-GREP-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of roasting with a con- 
tinual crackling; or the separation of parts with a crack- 
ling noise, occasioned by heat. 

DE-GREP'IT-NESS, ) n. The broken, crazy state of the 

DE-GREP'I-TUDE, I body, produced by decay and the 
infirmities of age. 

DE-GRES'CENT, a. [L. decrescens.] Decreasing ; becom- 
ing less by gradual diminution. 

DE-GRe'TAL, a. Appertaining to a decree ; containing a 
decree# 

* DE-GRe'TAL, n. 1. A letter of the pope, determining 
some point or question in ecclesiastical law. 2. A book 
of decrees or edicts; a body of laws. 3. A collection of* 
the pope’s decrees. 

t DE-GRe'TION, n. A decreasing. Pearson. 

DE-GRe'TIST, n. One who studies or professes the knowl- 
edge of the decretals. 

DEfVllE-TO-RI-LY, adv. In a definitive manner. 

DEG'RE-TO-RY, a. 1. Judicial; definitive; established by 
a decree. 2. Gritical ; determining ; in which there is 
sti^ne definitive event. 

t DE-GREVV', V. i. To decrease. 

DE-GRi'AL, n. A crying down; a clamorous censure; 
condemnation by censure. 

DE-GRi'ED, (de-kride') pp. Cried down ; discredited ; 
brought into disrepute. 

DE-GRl'ER, 71. One who decries. 

DE-GROWN', V. t. To deprive of a crown. [Little used.] 

DE-GROWN'[NG, 7i. The act of depriving of a crown. 

DE-GRUS-Ta'TION, ??. [Fr. dcc7'7tstation.] An uncrusting. 

DE-GRY', V. t. [Fr. decrier.] 1. To cry down ; to censure 
as faulty, mean or worthless ; to clamor against ; to dis- 
credit by finding fault. 2. To cry down, as improper or 
unnecessary ; to rail or clamor against ; to bring into dis- 
repute ; as, to decry the measures of administration. 

DEG-U-Ba'TION, n. [L. decumbo.] The act of lying down. 
Evehjn. 

DE-GUM'BENCE, ) n. [L. dec7imbens.] The act of lying 

DE-GUM'BEN-CY, | down ; the posture of lying down. 

DE-GUM'BENT, a. In botany, declined or bending down ; 
having the stamens and pistils bending down to the lower 
side. 

DE-GUM'BI-TURE, n. 1. The time at which a person 
takes to his bed in a disease. — 2. In astrology, the scheme 
or aspect of the heavens, by which the prognostics of re- 
covery or death are discovered. 

DEG'U-PLE, a. [L. decuplus.] Tenfold; containing ten 
times as many. 

DEG'U-PLE, n. A number ten times repeated. 

DE-Gu'RI-ON, n. [L. decurio.] An officer in the Roman 
army, who commanded a decuria, or ten soldiers. 

DE-GUR'RENT, a. [li.decui'vens.] Extending downwards. 
Jylartjpi. 

DE-GUR'SION, n. [L, decursio.] The act of running down, 
as a stream. Hale. 

DE-GUR'SIVE, a. Running down — Decursively pinnate, 
in botaiiy, applied to a leaf having the leaflets decurrent, 
or running along the petiole. 

t DE-GURT', V. t. [L. decurto.] To shorten by cutting off. 

DE-GUR-Ta'TION, 71. [L. decurto.] The act of shorten- 
ing, or cutting short. 

DEG'U-RY, n. [L,. dccuria.] Aset of ten men under an 
officer called decu?'io. 

* De'GUS-SATE, or DE-GUS'SATE, v. t. [L. dccu55o.] 
To intersect ; to cross ; as lines, rays, or nerves in the 
body. 

* De'GUS-SATE, ) a. Crossed ; intersected. — In bota7iy, 

* De'GUS-SA-TED, ^ decussated leaves and branches are 
such as grow in pairs, which alternately cross each other 
at right angles, or in a regular manner. Lee. 

* De'GUS-SA-TING, ppr. Intersecting at acute angles ; 
crossing. 

DE-GUS-Sa'TION, n. The act of crossing at unequal an- 
gles ; the crossing of two lines, rays or nerves, wiiich 
meet in a point, and then proceed and diverge. 

DE-Da'LI-AN, a. [from Dcedalus.] Various; variegated; 
intricate ; complex ; expert. 

DED'A-LOUS, a. [from Dcedalus.] Having a margin with 
various windings and turnings ; of a beautiful and deli- 
cate texture. Lee. 

t DE-DEG'O-RATE, v. t. [L. dcdcco7-o.] To disgrace. 

t DE-DEG-O-Ra'TION, n. A disgracing. 

DE-DEG'O-ROUS, a. Disgraceful ; reproachful. 


* Sec S7jnopsis. a, E, I, O, V, Y, lo7ig. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PR!EY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — | Obsolete. 


DEE 


227 


DEF 


DE-DEN-Tf 'TION, ??. The shedding of teeth. 

DEI)'i-€ATE, V. t. [L. dcdico.'\ 1. To set apart and conse- 
crate to a divine Being, or to a sacred purpose j to devote 
to a sacred use, b}^ a solemn act, or by religious ceremo- 
nies. *2. To appropriate solemnly to any jjerson or pur- 
pose ; to give wholly or chiefly to. 3. To inscribe or 
address to a patron. 

DEU'I-€ATE, a. Consecrated ; devoted j appropriated. 
Shak. 

DEDfl-CA-TED, pp. Devoted to a divine Being, or to a 
sacred use j consecrated *, appropriated ; giv'en wholly to. 

DED I-CA-TlNG, ppr. Devoting to a divine Being, or to 
a sacred purpose j consecrating; appropriating; giving 
wholly to, 

DED-f-CA'TlON, 7j. 1. The act of consecrating to a divine 
Being, or to a sacred use, often with religious solemnities ; 
solemn appropriation. 2. The act of devoting or giving 
to. y. An address to a patron, preflxed to a book, testify- 
ing respect, and recommending the work to his protection 
and fav'or. 

DED'l-CA-TOR, n. One who dedicates ; one who inscribes 
a book to the favor of a patron. Pope. 

DEDT-CA-TO-RY, a. Composing a dedication. 

DE-DI"TION, 71. [L. deditiu.] Tlie act of yielding any 
thing ; surrendry. Hale. 

I DED^O-LENT, a. [L. dedoleo.] Feeling no compunction. 

DE-DuCE', V. t. \JLi. dedaco.^ 1. To draw from ; to bring 
from. 2. To draw from, in reasoning ; to gather a truth, 
opinion or proposition from premises ; to infer something 
from what precedes. Locke. 3. To deduct ; [net in 
B. J_nt}son. 4. To transplant ; [not in use.] Selden. 

DE-DuC'ED, (de-dust') pp. Drawn from ; inferred; as a 
consequence from principles or premises. 

DE-DuCE'xMENT, u. The thing drawn from or deduced ; 
inference ; that which is collected from premises. Dmjden. 

DE-DuC'I-BLE, a. That may be deduced ; inferable ; col- 
lectible by reason from premises ; consequential. 

DE-DOCTNG, ppr. Drawing from ; inferring ; collecting 
from principles or facts already established or known. 

DE-Du'ClVE, a. Performing the act of deduction. [L. u.] 

DE-DUCT', V. t. [L. dediico^ dedactum.] To take from ; to 
subtract ; to separate or remove, in numbering, estimating 
or calculating. 

DE-DUGT'ED, pp. Taken from ; subtracted. 

DE-DU€T'ING, ppr. Taking from ; subtracting. 

DE-DUCiTION, u. [L. dednetio.] 1. The act of deducting. 
2. That which is deducted ; sum or amount taken from 
another ; defalcation ; abatement. 3. That which is 
drawn from premises ; fact, opinion or hypothesis, col- 
lected from principles or facts stated, or established data ; 
inference ; consequence drawn ; conclusion. 

DE-DUCl'TVE, a. Deducible ; that is or may be deduced 
from premises. Glanville. 

DE-DUCT'IVE-LY, adv. By regular deduction ; by way of 
inference ; by consequence. Brown. 

DEED, 11 . [Sax. dad.] 1. That which is done, acted or ef- 
fected ; an act ; a fact. 2. Exploit ; achievement ; illus- 
trious act. 3. Power of action ; agency. 4. A writing 
containing some contract or agreement, and the evidence 
of its execution ; particularhj, an instrument on paper or 
parchment, conveying real ekate to a purchaser or donee. 
— Indeed, in fact ; in reality. These words are united, 
and called an adverb. 

DEED, V. t. To convey or transfer by deed ; a popular use 
of the icord in America. 

DEED'-A-CHIeV'ING, a. That accomplishes great deeds. 

DEED'LESS, a. Inactive ; not performing or having per- 
formed deeds or exploits. Pope. 

DEED'-PoLL, n. A deed not indented, that is, shaved or 
even, made by one party only. Blackstone. 

fDEED'Y, fl. Active; industrious. 

DEEM, V. t. [Sax. deman.] 1. I’o think ; to judge ; to be 
of opinion ; to conclude on consideration. 2. To esti- 
mate ; [c^'5.1 Spenser. 

DEEM, V. i. To judge ; to think ; to estimate. 

■[DEEM, n. Opinion ; judgment ; surmise. Shak. 

DEEMED, pp. Thought ; judged ; supposed. 

DEEM'IXG, ppr. Thinking; judging; believing. 

DEEM'STER, n. [deem and ster.] A judge in the Isle of 
Man, and in Jersey. .Johnson. 

DEEP, fl. [Snx. deop, dypa ; D. diep.] 1. Extending or being 
f\r below the surface ; descending far downward ; pro- 
found ; opposed to shallow. 2. Low in situation ; being 
or descending far below the adjacent land. 3. Entering 
far; piercing a great v/ay. 4. Far from the outer part; 
sexreted. 5. Not superficial or obvious ; hidden ; secret. 
6. Remote from comprehension. 7. Sagacious; penetrat- 
ing; having tlie power to enter far into a subject. 8. 
Artful ; contriving ; concealing artifice ; insidious ; de- 
signing. 9. Grave in sound ; low. 10. Very still ; sol- 
emn ; profound. 11. Thick; black; not to be penetrated 
by the sight. 12. Still ; sound ; not easily broken or dis- 
turbed. 13. Depressed ; sunk low, metaphoricalhj. 14. 
Dark ; intense ; strongly colored. 15. Unknown ; unin- 


telligible. 16. Heart-felt ; penetrating ; affecting. 17 
Intricate ; not easily understood or unraveled. — This word 
often qualifies a veib, like an adverb. 

DEEP, n. 1. The sea ; the abyss of waters ; the ocean. 2. 
A lake ; a great collection of water. 3. 1 hat which is 
profound, not easily fathomed, or incomprehensible. 4. 
J'he most still or solemn part ; the midst. 

DEEP'-I)RAW-Ix\G, a. Sinking deep into the water. 

DEEP'EN, "(dee'pn) v.t. 1. 'I’o make deep or deeper; to 
sink lower. 2. To make dark or darker ; to make more 
thick or gloomy. 3. To give a darker hue, or a stronger 
color. 4. To make more poignant or distressing. 5. To 
make more frightful. 6. To make more sad or gloomy. 
7. To make more grave. 

DEEP'EN, V. i. To become more deep. 

DEEP'ENED, pp. Made more deep. 

DEEP'EN-ING, ppr. Sinking lower ; making more deep. 

DEEP'LY, ado. J. At or to a great deiith ; far below the 
surfirce. 2. Profoundly ; thoroughly. 3. To or from the 
inmost recesses of the heart ; with great sorrow ; most 
feelingly. 4. To a great degree. 5. VV'ith a dark hue, or 
strong color. 6. Gravely. 7. With profound skill ; with 
art or intricac)^. 

DEEP'-MOUTHED, a. Having a hoarse, loud, hollow 
voice. Sl^ak. 

DEEP'-MuS-ING, a. Contemplative ; thinking closely or 
profoundly. Pope. 

DEEP'NESS, n. 1. Depth ; remoteness from the surface in 
a descending line ; interior distance from the surface ; 
profundity. 2. Craft; insidiousness; [unusual.] 

DEEP'-READ, a. Having fully read ; profoundly versed 
L^Estrangc. 

DEEP'-RE-VOLV'ING, a. Profoundly revolving or medi- 
tating. Shak. 

DEEP'-THRoAT-ED, a. With deep throats. Mlton. 

DEEP'-ToNED, a. Having a very low or grave tone. 

DEEP'-VAULT-ED, a. Formed like a deep vault or arch. 

DEEP'-WaIST-ED, u. Having a deep waist, as a ship 
when the quarter deck and forecastle are raised from four 
to six feet above the level of tlie main deck. 

DEER, n. sing, and plu. [Sax. deor.] A quadruped of the 
genus cervus, of several species ; as the stag, the fallow- 
deer, the roe-buck, the rein, or rein-deer, &c. 

DEER'-STEx\L-ER, n. One who steals deer. 

DEER'-STeAL-ING, 71. The act or crime of stealing deer. 

t De'ESS, 71. [Fr. cZeessr.] A goddess. Croft. 

DE-FaCE', V. t. [Arm. difagia ; L. de and facia.] 1. To 
destroy or mar the face or surface of a thing ; to injure 
the superficies or beauty ; to disfigure. 2. To injure any 
thing ; to destroy, spoil or mar ; to erase or obliterate. 3. 
To injure the appearance ; to disfigure. 

DE-Fa'CED, (de-laste') pp. Injured on the surface ; disfig- 
ured ; marred ; erased. 

DE-FaCE'xMENT, n. Injury to the surface or beauty ; ra- 
sure ; obliteration ; that which mars beauty, or disfigures. 

DE-Fa'CER, n. He or that which defaces ; one who in- 
jures, mars or disfigures. 

DE-Fa'CING, ppr. Injuring the face or surface ; marring ; 
disfiguring ; erasing. 

DE FAC'TO. [L.] Actually ; in fact ; existing ; as a king 
dc facto, distinguished from a king de jure, or by right. 

t DE-FaIL'ANCE, 7i. [Fr.] Failure; miscarriage. 

DE-FAL'€ATE, v. t. [Fr. defalquer.] To cut off; to take 
away or deduct a part ; used chiefly of money, accounts, 
rents, income, &c. 

DE-FAL-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of cutting off, or deduct- 
ing a part; deduction: diminution; abatement. 2. That 
which is cut ofi'. 

t DE-FALK', V. t. To defalcate. Bp. Hall. 

DEF-A-Ma'TIO]V, n. The uttering of slanderous words 
with a view to injure another’s reputation ; the malicious 
uttering of falsehood respecting another which tends to 
destroy or impair his good name, character or occupation j 
slander ; calumny. 

DE-FAM'A-TO-RY, a. Calumnious ; slanderous ; contain- 
ing defamation ; false, and injurious to reputation. 

DE-FaME', r. t. [Fw diffamer.] 1. 9’o slander ; falsely and 
maliciously to utter words respecting another which tend 
to injure his reputation or occupation. 2. To speak evil 
of; to dishonor by false reports ; to calumniate ; to libel ; 
to impair reputation by acts or words. 

DE-FaM'ED, (de-lamd') j!7p. Slandered; dishonored or in- 
jured by evil reports. 

DE-FaM'ER, n. A slanderer ; a detractor ; a calumniator. 

DE-FaM'ING, j)pr. Slandering; injuring the character by 
false reports. 

DE-FaM'TNG, n. Defamation ; slander. Jeremiah. 

DE-FAT LGA-BLE, a. Liable to be wearied. [.YoZ much 
used.] Glanville. 

DE-FAT'I-GATE, V. t. [L. defatigo.] To weary or tire. 
[Little used.] Herbert. 

DE-FAT-I-Ga'TION, n. Weariness. [Little used.] Bacon. 

DE-P'AULT', n. [Fr.defaut.] 1. A failing, or failure ; an 
omission of that which ought to be done ; neglect to do 


* Bee Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete . 


DEF 


228 


DEF 


wliat duty or law requires. 2 . Defect ; want ; failure. — 

3 . In Za?o, a failure of appearance in court at a day as- 
signed, particularly of tlie defendant in a suit when called 
to make answer . — To suffer a default, is to permit an ac- 
tion to be called without appearing or answering. 

DE-FAULT', V. i. To fail in performing a contract or agree- 
ment. Johnson. 

DE-FAULT', V. t. 1 . In laid, to call out a defendant, [ac- 
cording to the common expression.] To call a defendant 
officially, to appear and answer in court, and on his fail- 
ing to answer, to declare him in default, and enter judg- 
ment against him. 2 . To call out a cause, in which the 
defendant does not appear, and enter judgment on the 
default. 3 . To fail in performance. 

t DE-FAULT', V. t. To offend. 

DE-FAULT'ED, pp. 1 . Called out of court, as a defendant 
or his cause. 2 . a. Having defect. 

DE-FAULT'ER, n. 1 . One who makes default j one who 
fails to appear in court when called. 2 . One who fails to 
perform a public duty ; particularly, one who fails to ac- 
count for public money intrusted to his care 3 a delin- 
quent. 

DE-FAULT'ING, ppr. 1 . Failing to fulfil a contract ; de- 
linquent. 2 . Failing to perform a duty or legal require- 
ment. 3 . Calling out of court, and entering judgment 
against for non-appearance. 

DE-FeAS'ANCEj n. [Norm, defesance.'] 1 . Literally, a 
defeating ; a rendering null 5 the preventing of the opera- 
tion of an instrument. — 2 . In law, a condition, relating to 
a deed, which being performed, the deed is defeated or 
rendered void. 3 . The writing containing a defeasance. 

4 . Defeat ; [0&.5.] Spenser. 

DE-FeAS'I-BLE, a. That may be defeated or annulled. 

DE-FeAS'I-BLE-NESS, ?^. The quality of being defeas- 
ible^ 

DE-FeAT', w. [Ft. defaite.] 1 . Overthrow 3 loss of battle. 
The check, rout, or destruction of an army by the victory 
of an enemy. 2 . Successful resistance 3 as, the defeat of 
an attack. 3 . Frustration 3 a rendering null and void. 
4 . Frustration 3 prevention of success. 

DE-FeAT', V. t. 1 . To overcome or vanquish, as an army 3 
to check, disperse, or ruin by victory 5 to overthrow. 2. 
To frustrate 3 to prevent the success of 3 to disappoint. 3 . 
To render null and void. 4 . To resist with success. 

DE-FeAT'ED, Vanquished 3 effectually resisted 3 over- 
thrown 3 fVustrated 3 disappointed 3 rendered null or in- 
operative. 

DE-FeAT'ING, ppr. Vanquishing 3 subduing 3 opposing 
successfully 3 overthrowing 3 frustrating 3 disappointing 3 
rendering null and void. 

DE-FeAT'URE, n. 1 . Change of feature. Shak. 2 . Over- 
throw 3 defeat 3 [065.] Beaumont. 

DEF'E-€ATE, V. t. [L. defwco.] 1 . To purify 3 to refine 3 
to clear from dregs or impurities 3 to clarify. 2 . To purify 
from admixture 3 to clear ; to purge of extraneous matter. 

DEF'E-€A-TED, pp. Purified 3 clarified 3 refined. 

DEF'E-€A-TING, ppr. Purifying 3 purging of lees or im- 
purities. 

DEF-E-€a'TION, n. The act of separating from lees or 
dregs 3 purification from impurities or foreign matter. 

DE-FECT', n. [h. defectus.] 1 . Want or absence of some- 
thing necessary or useful towards perfection 3 fault 3 im- 
perfection. 2 . Failing 3 fault 5 mistake 3 imperfection in 
moral conduct, or in judgment. 3 . Any want, or imper- 
fection in natural objects 3 the absence of any thing ne- 
cessary to perfection 3 any thing unnatural or misplaced 3 
blemish 3 deformity. 

t DE-FECT', V. i. To be deficient. Brown. 

DE-FECT-I-BIL'I-TY, 71 . Deficiency 3 imperfection. {Little 
Hale. 

DE-FE€T'I-BLE, a. Imperfect 5 deficient 3 wanting. [Lit- 
tle usedf] Hale. 

DE-FE€'TION, n. [L. defectio.'] 1 . Want or failure of du- 
ty 5 particularly, a falling away 3 apostasy 3 the act of 
abandoning a person or cause to which one is bound by 
allegiance or duty, or to which one has attached himself. 
2 . Revolt. 

DE-FECTTVE, a. [L. defectivus.'] 1 . Wanting either in 
substance, quantity or quality, or in any thing necessary 3 
imperfect. 2. Wanting in moral qualities 5 faulty 5 blam- 
able 3 not conforming to rectitude or rule. — 3 . In gram- 
mar, a defective noun is one which wants a whole number 
or a particular case 5 an indeclinable noun. 4 . A defective 
verb is one which wants some of the tenses. 

DE-FE€T'IVE-LY, adv. In a defective manner 3 imper- 
fectly. 

DE-FECT'IVE-NESS, n. Want 3 the state of being imper- 
f0ct * fn.iiltiD0SS 

t DE-FECT-U-OS'I-TY, n. Defectiveness 3 faultiness. Mon- 
tagu. 

DE-FE€T'U-OUS, a. Full of defects. [L.w.] Worthington. 

t DEF-E-Da'TION, n. Pollution. Bentley. 

DE-FEND', v.t. [L. defendo.] 1 . To drive from ; to thrust 
back 3 hence, to deny 3 to repel a demand, charge, or ac- 


cusation 3 to oppose 3 to resist 3 the “effect of which is to 
maintain one’s own claims. 2 . To forbid 3 to prohibit 3 
that is, to drive from, or back. Temple. 3 . To drive back 
a foe or danger 3 to repel from any thing that which as- 
sails or annoys 3 to protect by opposition or resistance 3 to 
support or maintain 3 to prevent from being injured or 
destroyed. 4 . To vindicate 3 to assert 3 to uphold 3 to 
maintain uninjured, by force or by argument. 5 . To se- 
cure against attacks or evil 3 to fortify against danger or 
violence 3 to set obstacles to the approach of any thing 
that can annoy. 

DE-FEND', V. i. To make opposition. 

DE-FEND'A-BLE, a. That may be defended. 

DE-FEND'ANT, a. [French participle of de/e7idre.] I. De- 
fensive 3 proper for defense. 2 . Making defense 3 being 
in the character of a defendant. 

DE-FEND'ANT, 71 . 1 . He that defends against an assail- 
ant, or against the approach of evil or danger. — 2 . In la^o, 
the party that opposes a complaint, demand or charge 3 he 
that is summoned into court, and defends, denies or op- 
poses the demand or charge. 

DE-FEND'ED, pp. Opposed 3 denied 3 prohibited 3 main- 
tained by resistance 3 vindicated 3 preserved uninjured 5 
secured. 

DE-FEND'ER, n. One who defends by opposition 3 one who 
maintains, supports, protects or vindicates 3 an assertor 5 
a vindicator, either by arms or by arguments 3 a champion 
or an advocate. 

DE-FEND'ING, ppr. Denying 3 opposing 3 resisting 3 for- 
bidding 3 maintaining uninjured by force or by reason 3 
securing from evil. 

DE-FENS' A-TIVE, n. Guard 3 defense 3 a bandage, or 
plaster, to secure a wound from external injury. 

DE-FENSE', (de-fens') n. [L. defensio.'j 1 . Any thing that 
opposes attack, violence, danger or injury 3 any thing that 
secures the persons, the rights or the possessions of men ; 
fortification 3 guard 5 protection 3 security. 2 . Vindica- 
tion 3 justification 3 apology 3 that which repels or dis- 
proves a charge or accusation. — 3 . In law, the defend- 
ant’s reply to the plaintilTs declaration, demands, or 
charges. 4 . Prohibition 5 [0&5.] 5 . Resistance 3 opposi- 
tion. 6. The science of defending against enemies 3 mil- 
itary skill. — 7 . In fortification, a wmrk that flanks an- 
other. 

f DE-FENSE', V. t. To defend by fortification. 

DE-FENS'ED, (de-fenst') pp. Fortified. 

DE-FENSE'LESS, a. Being without defense 3 unarmed ; 
unprotected 3 unprepared to resist attack 3 weak 3 unable 
to oppose 3 uncovered 5 unsheltered. 

DE-FENSE'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being unguarded 
or unprotected. 

DE-FENS'I-BLE, a. 1 . That may be defended. 2 . That 
may be vindicated, maintained or justified. 

DE-FENS'IVE, a. [Fr. defensif.] 1 . That serves to defend 3 
proper for defense. 2 . Carried on in resisting attack or 
aggression. 3 . In a state or posture to defend. 

DE-FENS'IVE, n. Safeguard 3 that which defends. — To be 
on the deferisive, or to stand on the defensive, is to be or 
stand in a state or posture of defense or resistance, in op- 
position to aggression or attack. 

DE-FENS'IVE-LY, adv. In a defensive manner 3 on the 
defensive ; in defense. 

t DE-FENST', pp. Defended. Fairfax. 

DE-FER', v.t. [L. diffcro.~\ 1 . To delay 3 to put off 3 to 
postpone to a future time. 2 . To refer 3 to leave to an- 
other’s judgment and determination. 

DE-FER', V. i. To yield to another’s opinion 3 to submit in 
opinion. 

DEF'ER-ENCE, n. 1 . A yielding in opinion 3 submission 
of judgment to the opinion or judgment of another. Hence, 
regard 3 respect. 2 . Complaisance 3 condescension. 3 . 
Submission. 

DEF'ER-ENT, a. Bearing 3 carrying 3 conveying. [Little 
used.] Bacon. 

DEF'ER-ENT, n. 1 . That which carries or conveys. 2 . 
A vessel in the human body for the conveyance of fluids. 

DEF-ER-EN'TIAL, a. Expressing deference. 

DE-FER'MENT, n. Delay. Suckling. 

DE-FER'RER, n. One who delays or puts off. B. Jonson. 

DE-FER'RING, ppr. Delaying 3 postponing. 

DEF'FLY, adv. Finely 3 nimbly. Spenser. See Defly. 

DE-Fl'ANCE, 71 . [Fr.] 1 . A daring ; a challenge to fight 3 
invitation to combat 3 a call to an adversary to encounter, 
if he dare. 2 . A challenge to meet in any contest 3 a call 
upon one to make good any assertion or charge 3 an invi- 
tation to maintain any cause or point. 3 . Contempt of 
opposition or danger 3 a daring or resistance that implies 
the contempt of an adversary, or of any opposing power. 

DE-FT'A-TO-RY, a. Bidding or bearing defiance. 

DE-FI"CIEN-CY, or DE-FI"CIENCE, 71. [L. defidens.] 1 . 
A failing 5 a falling short 5 imperfection. 2 . Want 3 de- 
fect 5 something less than is necessary. 

DE-Fi"CIENT, a. 1 . Wanting 5 defective 3 imperfect 3 not 
sufficient or adequate. 2 . Wanting 3 not having a full or 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, U, Y, long.— F AH, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 5— | Obsolete. 


DEF 


239 DEF 


adequate supply . — Deficient numbers^ in arithmetic, are i 
those numbers, whose parts, added together, make less 
than the integer, whose parts they are. 

DEF'I-CIT, 71 . Want ^ deficiency j as a deficit in the taxes 
or revenue. 

DE-Fi'ER, 77. A challenger ; one who dares to combat or 
encounter 5 one who braves j one who acts in contempt of 
. opposition, law or authority. 

t DE-FIG-U-Ra'TION, 71 . A disfiguring. Hall. 

t DE-FIG^URE, V. t. To delineate. Weever. 

DE-FILE', V. t. [Sax. afylan, befylan, gefylan.] 1 . To 
make unclean ; to render foul or dirty. 2 . To make im- 
pure j to render turbid. 3 . To soil or sully j to tarnish j 
as reputation, &c. 4 . To pollute j to make ceremonially 
unclean. 5 . To corrupt chastity ; to debauch j to violate. 
G. To taint, in a moral sense / to corrupt 3 to vitiate j to 
render impure with sin. 

DE-FILE', V. i. [Fr. defiler,'] To march off in a line, or file 
by file ; to file otf. Roscoe. 

* DE-FiLE', 77. [Fr. defile.] A narrow passage or way, in 
which troops may march only in a file, or with a narrow 
front ; a long, narrow pass, as between hills, &;c. 

DE-FlL'ED, (de-flld') pp. Made dirty, or foul j polluted ; 
soiled ; corrupted 5 violated j vitiated. 

DE-FILE'MENT, n. 1 . The act of defiling, or state of being 
defiled ; foulness ; dirtiness ; uncleanness. 2 . Corruption 
of morals, principles or character j impurity 3 pollution 
by sin. 

DE-FiL'ER, n. One who defiles j one who corrupts or vio- 
lates ; that \vhich pollutes. 

DE-FlL'ING, ppr. 1 . Polluting ; making impure. 2 . 
Marching in a file, or with a narrow front. 

DE-FIN' ArBLE, a. 1 . Literally, that may be limited, or 
have its limits ascertained. Hence, capable of having its 
extent ascertained with precision ; capable of being fixed 
and determined. 2 . That may be defined or described ; 
capable of having its signification rendered certain, or ex- 
pressed with certainty or precision. 3 . That may be fix- 
ed, determined or ascertained. 

DE-FINE', V. t. [L. definio.] 1 . To determine or describe the 
end or limit. 2 . To determine with precision 3 to ascer- 
tain. 3 . To mark the limit 3 to circumscribe 3 to bound. 
4 . To determine or ascertain the extent of the meaning of 
a word 5 to ascertain the signification of a term 3 to ex- 
plain what a word is understood to express. 5 . To de- 
scribe 3 to ascertain or explain the distinctive properties or 
circumstances of a thing. 

f DE-FiNE', V. i. To determine ; to decide. Bacon. 

DE-FiN'ED, (de-fInd') pp. 1 . Determined 3 having the ex- 
tent ascertained 3 having the signification determined. 

2 . Having the precise limit marked, or having a deter- 
minate limit. 

DE-FiN'ER, 77. He who defines 3 he who ascertains or 
marks the limits 3 he who determines or explains the sig- 
nification of a word, or describes the distinctive properties 
of a thing. 

DE-FIN'ING, ppr. Determining the limits 3 ascertaining 
the extent 3 explaining the meaning 3 describing the prop- 
erties. 

DEF'I-NiTE, a. [L. definitus.] 1. Having certain limits 3 
bounded with precision 3 determinate. 2 . Having certain 
limits in signification 3 determinate 3 certain 5 precise. 

3 . Fixed 3 determinate 3 exact 3 precise. 4 . Defining 3 
limiting ; determining the extent. 

DEF'I-NITE, 77. Thing defined. Ayliffe. 

DEF'I-NITE-LY, adv. Precisely 3 in a definite manner. 

DEF'I-NiTE-NESS, n. Certainty of extent 3 certainty of 
signification 3 determinateness. 

DEF-I-Nl''TION, 77. [L. definitio.] 1 . A brief description 
of a thing by its properties. — 2 . In logic, the explication of 
tlie essence of a thing by its kind and difference. — 3 . In 
lexicography, an explanation of the signification of a word 
or term, or of what a word is understood to express. 

DE-FIN'I-TiVE, a. [L. definitivus.] 1 . Limiting the ex- 
tent 3 determinate 3 positive 3 express. 2 . Limiting 3 end- 
ing 5 determining 3 final. 

DE-FIN'I-TiVE, 77. In grammar, an adjective used to de- 
fine or limit the extent of the signification of an appellative 
or common noun. 

DE-FIN'I-TiVE-LY, adv. 1 . Determinately 3 positively 3 
expressly. 2 . Finally 3 conclusively 3 unconditionally. 

DE-FIN'I-TIVE-NESS, n. Determinateness 3 decisiveness 3 
conclusiveness. 

t DE-FIX', V. t. [L. deficro.] To fix 3 to fasten. Herbert. 

DEF-LA-GRA-BIL'I-TY, n. Combustibility 3 the quality 
of taking fire and burning away, as a metallic wire. 
Boyle. 

DE-FLa'GRA-BLE, a. Combustible ; having the quality 
of taking fire and burning, as alcohol, oils, &c. Boyle. 

DEF'LA-GRATE, v. t. [L. defiagro.] To set fire to 3 to 
burn 5 to consume. 

DEF-LA-GRa TION, 77. A kindling or setting fire to a sub- 
stance 3 burning 5 combustion. 

DEF'LA-GRA-TOR, 77. A galvanic instrument for produc- 


ing combustion, particularly the combuslion of metallic 
substances. Hare. 

DE-FLECT', V. i. [L. deflecto.] To turn from or aside 3 to 
deviate from a true course or right line 3 to swerve. 

DE-FLECT', V. t. To turn asid^C3 to turn or bend from a 
right line or regular course. 

DE-FLE€T'ED, pp. Turned aside, or from a direct line or 
course. — In botany, bending downward archwise. 

DE-FLE€T'ING, ppr. Turning aside 3 turning from a right 
line or regular course. 

DE-FLEC'TION, n. 1 . Deviation 3 the act of turning aside 5 
a turning from a true line or the regular course. 2 . The 
departure of a ship from its true course. 3 . A deviation 
of the rays of light towards the surface of an opaque body 3 
inflection. 

DE-FLEX'URE, n. A bending down 3 a turning aside 3 de- 
viation. 

DEF'LO-RATE, a. [L. defioratus.] In botany, having cast 
its farin, pollen, or fecundating dust. Martyn. 

DEF-LO-Ra'TION, 77. [Fr.] 1 . The act of deflouring 3 the 
act of depriving of the flower or prime beauties 3 pa/i-ticu- 
larly, the act of taking away a woman’s virginity. 2 . A 
selection of the flower, or of that which is most valuable. 

DE-FLOUR', V. t. [L. defloro.] 1 . To deprive a woman of 
her virginity. 2 . To take away the prime beauty and 
grace of any thing. 3 . To deprive of flowers. 

DE-FLOUR'ED, (de-flourd') pp. Deprived of maidenhood 3 
ravished 5 robbed of prime beauty. 

DE-FLOUR'ER, n. One who deprives a woman of her 
virginity. 

DE-FLOUR'ING, ppr. Depriving of virginity or maiden- 
hood 3 robbing of prime beauties. 

t DE-FLoW', tJ. 7. [L. defiiio.] To flow down. Broten. 

DEF'LU-OUS, a. [L. dcfiuus.] Flowing down 3 falling off. 
[Little used.] 

DE-FLUX', 77. [L. defliixus.] A flowing down 3 a running 
downward. Bacon. 

DE-FLUX'ION, 77. [L. defiuxio.] 1 . A flowing, running or 
falling of humors or fluid matter, from a superior to an in- 
ferior part of the body 3 properly, an inflammation of a 
part, attended with increased secretion. 2 . A discharge 
or flowing off* of humors. 

t DEF'LY, adv. Dextrously 3 skilfully. Spenser. 

j DEF-OE-Da'TION, 77. The act of making filthy 3 pol- 
lution. 

DE-FO-LT-A'TION, 77. [ Li . de SiY]d foliatio.] Literally, the 
fiill of the leaf or shedding of leaves 3 but technically, the 
time or season of shedding leaves in autumn. 

DE-FoRCE', V. t. To disseize and keep out of lawful pos- 
session of an estate ; to withliold the possession of an 
estate from the rightful owner. Blackstone. 

DE-FoRO'ED, (de-forst') pp. Kept out of lawful possession. 

DE-FoRCE'MENT, n. 1 . The holding of lands or tene- 
ments to which another person has a right. — 2 . In Scot- 
land, a resisting of an officer in the execution of law. 

DE-FOR'CIANT, n. He that keeps out of possession the 
rightful owner of an estate. 

DE-FoRC'ING, ppr. Keeping out of lawful possession. 

DE-FORM', V. t. [L. deformo.] 1 . To mar or injure the 
form ; to alter that form or disposition of parts which is 
natural and esteemed beautiful, and thus to render it dis- 
pleasing to the eye 3 to disfigure. 2 . To render ugly or 
displeasing, by exterior applications or appendages. 3 . To 
render displeasing. 4 . To injure and render displeasing 
or disgusting 3 to disgrace 3 to disfigure moral beauty. 
5 . To dishonor 3 to make ungraceful. 

DE-FORM', a. [L. deformis.] Disfigured 5 being of an un- 
natural, distorted, or disproportioned form 3 displeasing to 
the eye. 

DEF-OR-Ma'TION, 77. A disfiguring or defacing-. 

DE-FORM'ED, (de-formd') jyp. 1 . Injured in the form 3 dis- 
figured 5 distorted 3 ugly 3 wanting natural beauty, or 
symmetry. 2 . Base 3 disgraceful. 

DE-FORM'ED-LY. In an ugly manner. 

DE-FORM'ED-NESS, n. Ugliness ; a disagreeable or unnat 
ural form. 

DE-FORM'ER, n. One who deforms. 

DE-FORM'ING, ppr. Marring the natural form or figure ; 
rendering ugly or displetising 3 destroying beauty. 

DE-FORM'I-TY, n. [L. defurniitas.] 1 . Any unnatural 
state of the shape or form 5 want of that uniformity or 
symmetry which constitutes beauty 3 distortion 3 irregu- 
larity of shape or features 3 disproportion of limbs 5 de- 
fect 3 crookedness 3 ugliness. 2 . Any thing that destroys 
beauty, grace or propriety 3 irregularity 5 absurdity 3 gross 
deviation from order, or the established laws of propriety. 

f DE-FoRS'ER, 77. One that casts out by force. 

t DE-FOUL', V. t. To defile. 

DE-FRAUD', r. t. [L. defraudo.] 1 . To deprive of right, 
either by obtaining something by deception or artifice, or 
by taking something wrongfully, without the knowledge 
or consent of the owner 3 to cheat 5 to cozen ; followed by 
of before the thing taken. 2 . To withhold wrongfully 
from another what is due to him. 3 . To prevent 0110 


* See Sijnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE.3— BULL, UNITE.— € as K 3 0 as J 5 as Z 5 CH as SH 5 TH as ia this, f Obsolete. 


DEG 


230 


DEI 


wrongfiiHy from obtaining what he may justly claim. 4. 
To defeat or frustrate wrongfully. 

DE-FUAU-Da'TION, n. Privation by fraud. 

DE-FR AUD'ED, -pp. Deprived of property or right by trick, 
artifice or deception j injured by the withholding of what 
is due. 

DE-FllAUD'ER, n. One who defrauds ; one who takes from 
another his right by deception, or withholds what is his 
due ; a cheat ; a cozener j an embezzler ; a peculator. 

DE-FRALTDMNG, ppr. Depriving another of his property or 
right by deception or artifice j injuring by withholding 
wrongfully what is due. 

DE-FRAUD'MENT, n. The act of defrauding. 

DE-FRAY', V. t. [Fr. defrayer.'] 1. To pay ; to discharge, 
as cost or expense j to bear, as charge, cost or expense. 
3. To_satisfy ; [o/>s.] Spenser. 3. To fill ; [o6s.] Spetiser. 

DE-FRa Y'ED, (de-frade')pp. Paid ; discharged, as expense, 
or cost. 

DE-FRaY'ER, n. One who pays or discharges expenses. 

DE-FRa Y'ING, ppr. Paying; discharging. 

DE-FRaY'MENT, n. Payment. Shelton. 

f DEFT, a. Neat ; handsome ; spruce ; ready ; dextrous ; 
fit ; convenient. Dryden. 

f DEFT'LY, arZy. Neatly ; dextrously ; in a skilful manner. 
Shale. 

t DEFT 'NESS, n. Neatness ; beauty. Drayton. 

DE-FUNGT', a. [L. defanctas.'] Having finished the course 
of life; dead; deceased. Shale. 

DE-FUNGT', V. A dead person ; one deceased. 

tDE-FUNG'TfON, a. Death. Shah. 

DE-Fy', V. t. [Fr. defier.] I. To dare ; to provoke to com- 
bat or strife, by ap}>ealing to the courage of another ; to 
invite one to contest ; to challenge. 3. To dare ; to brave ; 
to offer to hazard a conflict by manifesting a contempt of 
opposition, attack or hostile force. 3. To challenge to say 
or do jiny thing. 

t DE-Fy', n. A challenge. Dryden. 

DE-FY'ER. See Defier. 

DEG, y. G [Sax. deagau.] To sprinkle. Orose. 

DE-GaR'NISH, V. t. [Fv. degarnir.] 1. To unfurnish; to 
strip of furniture, ornaments or apparatus. 3. To deprive 
of a garrison, or troops necessary for defense. Washington. 

DE-GaR'NISHED, / ip. Stripped of furniture or apparatus; 
deprived of troops for defense. 

DE-GaR'N 1SH-ING, pp?*. Stripping of furniture, dress, ap- 
paratus or a garrison. 

DE-GAR'NlSll-MENT, n. The act of depriving of furniture, 
apparatus or a garrison. 

t DE-GEN'DER, v. i. To degenerate. Spenser. 

DE-GEN'DERED, a. Degenerated. Spenser. 

DE-GEN'ER-A-CY, n. 1. A growing worse or inferior; a 
decline in good qualities ; or a state of being less valuable. 
— 3. In morals, decay of virtue ; a growing worse ; de- 
parture from the virtues of ancestors ; desertion of that 
wliich is good. 3. Poorness ; meanness ; as, a degenera- 
cy of spirit. 

DE-GEN'ER-ATE, V. i. [L. degencro.] To become woi*se ; 
to decay in good qualities ; to pass from a good to a bad or 
worse 'state ; to lose or suffer a diminution of valuable 
qualities, either in the natural or moral world. 

DE-GEN'ER-ATE, a. 1. Having fallen from a perfect or 
good state into a less excellent or worse state ; having lost 
something of the good qualities possessed ; having declin- 
ed in natural or moral worth. 3. Low ; base ; mean ; 
corrupt ; fallen from primitive or natural excellence ; hav- 
ing lost the good qualities of the species. 

DE-GEN'ER-ATE-LY, adv. In a degenerate manner. 

DE-GEN'ER-ATE-NESS, n. A degenerate state ; a state in 
which the natural good qualities of the species are decay- 
ed or Inst. 

DE-GEN-ER-a'TION, 77. ]. A growing worse, or losing of 
good qualities ; a decline from the virtue and worth of an- 
cestors ; a decay of the natural good qualities of the spe- 
cies ; a falling from a more excellent state to one of less 
worth. 3. The thing degenerated. 

DE-GEN'ER-OUS, a. 1. Degenerated ; fallen from a state 
of excellence, or from the virtue and merit of ancestors. 
2. Low base ; mean ; unworthy. Dryden. 

DE-GEN'ER-OUS-LY, ado. lu a degenerous manner ; base- 
ly ; meanly. 

DEG'GY, a. Foggy ; applied also to small rain. 

DE-GLXJ'TI-NA PE, v. t. [L. deglntiixo.] To unglue ; to 
loosen or separate substances glued together. ’ 

DEG-LU-Tl"TION, n. [L. deglutio.] I. The act of swal- 
lowing. 3. The power of swallowing. 

DEG-RA-Da'TION, 77. [Fr.] I. A reducing in rank; the 
act of depriving one of a degree of honor, of dignity, or 
of rank ; also, deposition ; removal or dismission from of- 
fice. 3. The state of being reduced from an elevated or 
more honorable station, to one that is low in fact or in es- 
timation ; baseness ; degeneracy. 3. Diminution or re- 
duction of strength, efficacy or value. — 4. In painting, a 
lessening and obscuring of the appearance of distant ob- 
jects in a landscape, that they may appear as they would 


do to an eye placed at a distance. 5. Diminution ; reduc- 
tion of altitude or magnitude. Journ. of Science. 

DE GRADE', v. t. [Fr. degrader.] 1. To reduce from a 
higher to a lower rank or degree ; to deprive one of any 
office or dignity, by which he loses rank in society ; to 
strip of honors. 3. To reduce in estimation ; to lessen the 
value of; to lower ; to sink. 3. To reduce in altitude or 
magnitude. Journ. of Science. 

DE-GRAD'ED, pp. Reduced in rank ; deprived of an office 
or dignity ; lowered ; sunk ; reduced in estimation or 
value. 

DE-GRADE'MENT, n. Deprivation of rank or office. 

DE-GRAD'ING, ppr. 1. Reducing in rank ; depriving of 
honors or offices ; reducing in value or estimation ; lower- 
ing. 3. a. Dishonoring ; disgracing the character. 

DE-GRAD'ING-LY, ado. In a degrading manner, or in a 
way to depreciate. 

DE-GREE', 77. [Fr. degre.] L A step ; a distinct portion of 
space of indefinite extent ; a space in progression. 3. A 
step or portion of progression, in elevation, quality, digni- 
ty or rank. — 3. In genealogy, a certain distance or remove 
in the line of descent, detennining the proximity of blood. 
4. Measure ; extent. — 5. In geometry, a divisitm of a cir- 
cle, including a three hundred and sixtieth part of its cir- 
cumference. — 6. In music, an interval of sound, marked 
by a line on the scale. Busby. — 7. In arithmetic, a degree 
consists of three figures ; thus, 370, 300, compose two de- 
grees. 8. A division, space or interval, marked on a 
mathematical or other instrument. — 9. In colleges and 
universities, a mark of distinction conferred on students, 
as a testimony of their proficiency in arts and sciences ; 
giving them a kind of rank, and entitling them to certain 
I)rivileges. — Honorary degrees are those of doctor of divin- 
ity, doctor of laws, &c. — By degrees, step by step ; gradu- 
ally ; by little and little ; by moderate advances. 

DEG-US-TA'TION, n. \1 u. de gusto.] A tasting. Bp. Hall. 

DE-IIIS'CENCE, 77. [L. dehiscens.] A gaping. — In botany, 
the opening of capsules ; the season when capsules open. 

DE-HIS'CENT, a. Opening, as the capsule of a plant. 

t DE-HON-ES-TA'TION, n. Discredit ; disgrace. Bp. Gau- 
den. 

DE-HORT', V. t. [L. dehortor.] To dissuade ; to advise to 
the contrar3^ Wilkins. 

DE-HOR-TA'TION, n. Dissuasion ; advice or counsel 
agai*nst something. 

DE-HORT'A-TO-RY, a. Dissuading; belonging to dissua- 
sion. 

DE-HORT'ER, n. A dissuader ; an adviser to the contrary. 

DE-HORT'ING, ppr. Dissuading. 

De'I-CiDE, 77. [U. deicidio.] 1. The act of putting to death 
Jesus Christ, our Savior. Prior. 3. One concerned in put- 
ting Christ to death. 

DE-IF'I€, a. [L. deus and facio.] 1. Divine ; pertaining 
to the gods. 3. Making divine. 

DE-IF'I-€AL, a. Making divine. Homilies. 

DE-I-FI-€A'TION, n. The act of deifying ; the act of ex- 
alting to the rank of, or enrolling among, the heathen dei- 
ties. _ 

De'1-FiED, pp. Exalted or ranked among the gods ; regard- 
ed or praised as divine. 

Dk'I-Fi-ER, 77. One that deifies. 

Dk'I-FORM, a. [L.deus and forma.] Like a god ; of a god- 
like form. 

t DE-I-FORM'I-TY, t?. Resemblance of deity. 

De'I-FY, V. t. [L. deus and/acio.] 1. To make a god ; to 
exalt to the rank of a heathen deity ; to enroll among the 
deities. 3. To exalt into an object of worship ; to treat as 
an object of supreme regard. 3. To exalt to a deity in es- 
timation ; to reverence or praise as a deity. 

De'I-FY-ING, ppr. Exalting to the rank of a deity ; treat- 
ing as divine. 

DEIGN, (dane) v.i. [Yr. daigner.] To think worthy; to 
vouchsafe ; to condescend. 

DEIGN, (dane) v. t. To grant or allow ; to condescend to 
give to. Shak. 

DEIGN'ING, (da'ning) ppr. Vouchsafing ; thinking worthy. 

t DE-IN'TE-GRATE, v. t. To disintegrate. 

DE-IP' A-ROUS, a. [L. deiparus.] Bearing or bringing forth 
a god ; an epithet applied to the Virgin Mary. 

DEIP-NOS'O-PHIST, 77. [Gr. 6tnrvov and coepiaTrjs.] One 
of an ancient sec^ of philosophers, who were famous for 
their learned conversation at meals. 

De'ISM, 77. [Fr. deisme.] The doctrine or creed of a deist ; 
the belief or system of religious opinions of those who ac- 
knowledge the existence of one God, but deny revelation. 

De'IST, 77. [Fr. deistc ,• It. deista.] One who believes in the 
existence of a God, but denies revealed religion ; one who 
professes no form of religion, but follows the light of na- 
ture and reason, as his only guides in doctrine and prac- 
tice ; a freethinker. 

DE-IST'I€, \ a. Pertaining to deism or to deists ; em- 

DE-TST'I-CAL, ) bracing deism. 

t De'I-TATE, a. Made God. .dtbp. Cranmer. 

De'I-TY, 77. [Fr. deite.] 1. Godhead ; divinity ; the nature 


* See Synopsis. A, £, I, o, tj, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


DEL 


231 


DEL 


and essence of the Supreme Bein». 2 . God ; the Supreme 
Being, or infinite self-existing Spirit. 3 . A fabulous god 
or goddess ; a superior being, supposed, by heathen na- 
tions, to exist, and to preside over particular departments 
of nature. 4 . TJie supposed divinity or divine qualities 
of a pagan god. Raleigh. 

DE-JECT', V. t. [L. dejiciu.'] 1 . To cast down ; u 3 ually^ to 
cast down the countenance ; to cause to fall with grief ; 
to make to look sad o“ grieved, or to express discourage- 
ment. 2 . To depress tlie spirits j to sink ; to dispirit j to 
discourage j to dishearten. Pope. 

DE-JE€T', a. [L. dehctiLS.'\ Cast down ; low-spirited. 
DE-JECT'ED, pp. Cast down ; depressed 5 grieved ; dis- 
couraged. 

DE-JECT^ED-LY, adv. In a dejected manner ; sadly ; heav- 
ily. Bacon. 

DE-JECT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being cast down j low- 
ness of spirits. 

DE-JECT'ING, ppr. Casting down ; depressing ; dispiriting. 
DE-JEC'TION, n. 1 . A ctisting down ; depression of mind ; 
melancholy ; lowness of spirits, occasioned by grief or 
misfortune. JUilton. 2 . Weakness ; [una^-ttaZ.] 3 . The 
act of voiding the excrements 3 or the matter ejected. 
Ray. 

DE-JECT'LY, ado. In a downcast manner. 

DE JEGT'O-RY, a. Having power or tending to cast down, 
or to promote evacuations by stool. 

DE-JE€T'URE, n. That which is ejected 3 excrements. 
Arbuthnot. 

fDEJ'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. dejero.] To swear deeply. 

I DEJ-ER-A'TION, n. A taking of a solemn oath. 
fDE-JEuNE', n. [Fr. dejune.] A sort of breakfast. 

DE-L AC-RY-Ma'TION, n. [L. delacrymatio.'\ A preternat- 
ural discharge of watery humors from the eyes 3 waterish- 
ness of the eyes. 

t DEL-A€-Ta'TION, n. [L. delactatio.'] A weaning. 
DEL-AP-Sa'TION, 71 . A falling down. Ray. 

DE-LAPSE', (de-laps') v.i. [L. delabor, delapsus.l To fall 
or slide down. 

DE-LAP'SrON, 71 . A falling down of the uterus, anus, <&c. 
DE-LAPS'ED, (de-lapst') pp. Fallen down. 

DE-LaTE', V. t. [L. delatus.] 1 . To carry 5 to convey. 
[Little MsecZ.] 2 . To accuse 3 to inform against 3 that is, 
to bear a charge against. B. Jonson. 

DE-La'TION, 71 . 1 . Carriage 5 conveyance. [Little used.'] 
2 . Accusation 3 act of charging with a crime 3 a term of 
the civil law. 

DE-La'TOR, n. [L.] An accuser 3 an informer. 

DE-LaY', V. t. [Fr. delai.] 1 . To prolong the time of act- 
ing, or proceeding 3 to put otf 5 to defer. 2 . To retard 3 
to stop, detain or hinder for a time 3 to restrain motion, or 
render it slow. 3 . To allay 3 [not in asc.] Spenser. 
DE-LaY', V. i. To linger 3 to move slow 3 or to stop for a 
time. 

DE-LaY', 71 . 1 . A lingering 3 stay 3 stop. 2 . A putting off 
or deferring 5 procrastination. 3 . Hinderance for a time. 
DE-LaY'ED, (de-lade') pp. Deferred 3 detained 3 hindered 
for a time 3 retarded. 

DE-LaY'ER, n. One who defers ; one who lingers. 
DE-LaY'ING, ppr. Putting off 3 deferring 3 procrastinating 3 | 
retarding 3 detaining. I 

DE-LaY'MENT, n. Hinderance. Gower. j 

De'LE, V. t. [L. imperative of deleo.] Blot out 3 erase. | 
DEL'E-BLE, a. [L. delebilis.] That can be blotted out. | 
JSIore. I 

DE-LE€'TA-BLE, a. [L. delectabilis .] Delightful 3 highly 
pleasing 5 that gives great joy or pleasure. 
DE-LE€'TA-BLE-NES.S, 71 . Delightfulness. Barret. 1 

DE-LEC'TA-BLY, adv. Delightfully. i 

DEL-E€-Ta'TIOX, n. Great pleasure 3 delight. More. j 

t DEL'E-GA-CY, ?i. A number of persons delegated. Land, j 
DEL'E-GATE, 7 j. t. [L. delego.] 1 . To send away 3 appro- | 
priately, to send on an embassy 3 to send with power to | 
transact business, as a representative. 2 . To intrust 3 to j 
commit ; to deliver to another’s care and exercise. i 

DEL'E-GATE, n. 1 . A person appointed and sent by an- 
otlier with powers to transact business as his representa- 
tive 5 a deputy 3 a commissioner 5 .a vicar. — 2 . In Great 
Britain, a commissioner appointed by the king, under the 
great seal, to hear and determine appeals from the eccle- 
siastical court. Hence, the court of delegates is the great 
court of appeal in all ecclesiastical causes. 3 . A layman 
appointed to attend an ecclesiastical council. 
DEL'E-GATE, a. Deputed 3 sent to act for or represent an- 
other. Taylor. 

DEL'E-G A-TED, pp. Deputed 3 sent with a trust or commis- 
sion to act for another 3 appointed a judge 3 committed, as 
authority. 

DEL'E-GA-TING, ppr. Deputing ; sending with a commis- 
sion to act for another 3 appointing 3 committing 3 in- 
trusting. 

DEL-E-Ga'TION, 71 . 1 . A sending away 5 the act of put- 
ting in commission, or investing with authority to act for 
another 3 the appointment of a delegate. Burke. 2 . The 


persons deputed to act for another, or for others. — 3 . In 
the civil law, the assignment of a debt to another, as 
when a debtor appoints his debtor to answer to the credi- 
tor in his place. 

f DEL-E-NIF'I-GAL, a. Having the virtue to ease or as- 
suagepain. 

fDE-LE'l]E', V. L [L. deleo.] To blot out. Ftiller. 

DEL-E-TE'RI-OUfe, a. [L. deleterius.] 1. Having the quali- 
ty of destroying, or extinguishing life 3 destructive 3 poi- 
sonous. 2 . Injurious 3 pernicious. 

DEL'E-TER-Y, a. Destructive 3 poisonous. Hudibras. 

DE-Le'TION, 71 . [L. deletio.] 1. The act of blotting out or 
erasing. 2 . Destruction 3 [little 7 Lsed.] Hale. 

DEL'E-TO-RY, n. That which blots out. Taylor. 

DELF, n. [Sax. delfan.] 1 . A mine 3 a quarry 3 a pit dug. 
[Rarely used.] 2 . Earthen ware, covered with enamel 
or wJiite glazing in imitation of China-ware or porcelain, 
made at Delft, in Holland 5 properly. Delft-ware. 

DEL' 1 -BATE, v. t. [L. delibo.] To taste 3 to take a sip. 
[Little used.'^ 

DEL-I-Ba'TION, n. A taste 3 an essay. [Little 7 iscd.] 

DE-LIB'ER-ATE, v. i. [L. delibero.] To weigh in the 
mind 3 to consider and examine the reasons for and 
against a measure 3 to estimate the weight or force of ar- 
guments, or the probable consequences of a measure, in 
order to a choice or decision 3 to pause and consider. 

DE-LIB'ER-ATE, v. t. To balance in the mind 3 to weigh 3 
to consider. Laud. 

DE-LIB'ER-ATE, a. 1 . Weighing facts and arguments 
with a view to a choice or decision 3 carefully considering 
the probable consequences of a step 3 circumspect 3 slow 
in determining. 2 . Formed with deliberation 3 well ad- 
vised or considered 3 not sudden or rash. 3 .i^low. Bacon. 

DE-LIB'ER-ATE-LY, adv. With careful consideration, or 
deliberation 3 circumspectly 3 not hastily or rashly 3 
slowly. 

DE-LIB'ER-ATE-NESS, n. Calm consideration 3 circum- 
spection 3 due attention to the arguments for and against 
a measure 3 caution. 

DE-LIB-ER-a'TION, 71 . [L. deliberatio.] 1 . The act of de- 
liberating 3 the act of weighing and examining the rea- 
sons for and against a choice or measure 3 consideration. 
2 . Mutual discussion and examination of the reasons for 
and against a measure. 

DE-LTB'ER-A-Tf VE, a. 1 . Pertaining to deliberation 3 pro- 
ceeding or acting by deliberation, or by mutual discussion 
and examination. 2 . Having a riglit or power to deliber- 
ate or discuss. . 3 . Apt or disposed to consider. 

DE-LIB'ER-A-TIVE, n. A discourse in which a question is 
discussed or weighed and examined. 

DE-LIB'ER-A-TiVE-LY. adv. By deliberation. Burke. 

DEL'I-€A-CY, n. [Fr. delicatesse.] 1 . Fineness of texture 5 
smoothness 3 softness 3 tenderness. 2 . Daintiness 3 pleas- 
antness to the taste. 3 . Elegant or feminine beauty. 4 . 
Nicety 3 minute accuracy. 5 . Neatness in dress 3 ele- 
gance proceeding from a nice selection and adjustment of 
the several parts of dress. 6. t'oftness of manners 3 civil- 
ity or politeness proceeding from a nice observance of pro- 
priety, and a desire to please. 7 . Indulgence 3 gentle 
treatment. 8. Tenderness 3 scrupulousness 3 tlie quakty 
manifested in nice attention to right, and care to avoid 
wrong, or offense. 9 . Acute or nice perception of what 
is pleasing to the sense of tasting 3 hence, figuratively, a 
nice perception of beauty and deformity, or the faculty of 
such nice perception. 10 . That which deligiits the sens- 
es, particularly the taste. 11 . Tenderness of constitution 3 
weakness 5 that quality or state of the animal body whicli 
renders it very impressible to injury. 12 . Smallness 3 fine- 
ness 3 slenderness 3 tenuity. 13 . Tenderness 3 nice sus- 
ceptibility of impression. 

DEL'I-CATE, a. [Fr. delicat.] 1 . Of a fine texture 3 fine 5 
soft 3 smooth 3 clear, or fair. 2 . Nice 3 pleasing to the 
taste 3 of an agreeable flavor. 3 . Nice in perception of 
what is agreeable 3 dainty. 4 . Nice 3 accurate 3 fine 3 soft 
to the eye. 5 . Nice in forms 3 regulated by minute ob- 
servance of propriety, or by condescension. 6. Pleasing 
to the senses. 7 . Fine 3 slender 3 minute. 8. That can- 
not be handled without injury or danger 3 tliat must be 
touched with care. 9 . Composed of fine threads, or nice- 
ly interwoven 3 soft and smooth to the touch. 10 . Ten- 
der 3 effeminate 3 not able to endure hardship 3 very im- 
pressible to injury. 11 . Feeble 3 not sound or robust. 

t DEL'I-CATE, n. Any thing nice 3 a nicety. Dryden. 

DEL'I-CATE-LY, adv. 1 . In a delicate manner 3 with nice 
regard to propriety and the feelings of others. 2 . Dainti- 
ly 3 luxuriously. 3 . With soft elegance. 4 . Tenderly; 
with indulgence in ease, elegance and luxury. 

DEL'I-CATE-NESS, v. The state of being delicate; ten- 
derness 3 softness 3 effeminacy. 

t DEL'I-CATES, 7/. Niceties 3 rarities. Jeremiah. 

DE-Li"CIOUS, a. [Fr. delicAcux.] 1 . Highly pleasing to the 
taste 3 most sweet or grateful to the senses 3 aftbrding ex- 
quisite pleasure. 2 . Most pleasing to the mind 3 very 
grateful 3 yielding exquisite delight. 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 3— BULL, UNITE.— € as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z ; CH as >SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


DEL 


232 DEL 


DE-LI"CIOUS-LY, adv. In a delicious manner j in a man- 
ner to please the taste or gratify the mindj sweetly j 
pleasantly ; delightfully. 

DE-LI''ClOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being delicious, or 
very grateful to the taste or mind. 2. Delight j great 
pleasure. 

DEL-1-Ga'TION, n. [L. dclijratio.] In surscrii. a binding 
up ; a bandaging. 

DE-LlGHT^, (de-lite') n. [Fr. delice.'] 1. A hi"h degree of 
pleasure, or satisfaction of mind ; joy. 2. That which 
gives great pleasure ; that which affords delight. — Delight 
is a more permanent pleasure than joy, and not dependent 
on sudden excitement. 

DE-LlGHT', V. [!5p. deleytar ; Port, dcleitar ; L. delector ; 
Fr. delectcTi] 1. To affect with great pleasure ; to please 
highly ; to give or afford high satisfaction or joy. 2. To 
receive great pleasure in. 

DE-LiGIIT', V. i. To have or take great pleasure ; to be 
greatly pleased or rejoiced. 

DE-LlGHT'ED, 1. Greatly pleased j rejoiced. 2. a. 
Full of delight. Shale. 

DE-LlGHT'EK, n. One who takes delight. Ba-n'ow. 

DE-LlGlITT'TJE, a. Highly pleasing j affording great plea- 
sure and satisfaction. 

DE-LlGIIT'FUL-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to receive great 
pleasure j very agreeably. 2. In a delightful manner 5 
charmingly ; in a manner to afford great pleasure. 

DE-LIGHT'FIIL-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being de- 
lightful, or of affording great pleasure. 2. Great pleasure ; 
delight. 

DE-LiGHT^LESS, a. Affording no pleasure or delight. 

DE-LiGHT SoME, a. Very pleasing ; delightful. 

DE-LlGIlT'S6ME-LY, adv. Very pleasantly 3 in a delight- 
ful manner. 

DE-LlGHT'S6ME-NESS, n. Delightfulness ; pleasantness 
in a high degree. 

DE-LIN'E-A-MENT, n. Representation by delineation. 

DE-LTN^E-ATE, v. t. [L. dclineo.] 1. To draw the lines 
which exhibit the form of a thing ; to mark out with 
lines; to make a draught; to sketch or design. 2. To 
paint ; to represent in picture ; to draw a likeness of. 3. 
Figuratively ^ to describe ; to represent to the mind or un- 
derstanding ; to exhibit a likeness in words. 

DE-LIN'E-A-TED, yp. Drawn ; marked with lines exhibit- 
ing the form or figure ; sketched ; designed ; painted ; de- 
scribed. 

DE-LIN'E-A-TING, ppr. Drawing the form ; sketching ; 
painting; describing. 

DE-LIN-E-a'TION, ?i. \lj.delincatio.] 1. First draught of 
a thing ; outline ; representation of a form or figure by 
lines ; sketch ; design. -2. Representation in words ; de- 
scription. 

t DE-LIN'E-A-TURE, n. Delineation. 

f DE-LINM-MENT, 71. [L. delinimentum.] Mitigation. 

DE-LIN'Q,UEN-CY, n. [L. delinquo.] Failure or omission 
of duty ; a fault ; a misdeed ; and, positively , an offense ; 
a crime. 

DE-LIN'Q,UENT, a. Failing in duty ; offending by neglect 
of duty. 

DE-LIN'ClUENT, n. One who fails to perform his duty, 
particularly a public officer who neglects his duty ; an of- 
fender ; one who commits a fault or crime. 

DEL'1-Q.UATE, v. t. or i. [L. deliqueo.] To melt or be dis- 
solved. See DELiquEscE and DELiquiAXE. 

DEL-I-Q,Ua'TION, 11 . A melting. See DEnquEscExcE 
and DELiqui ATioN. 

DEL-I-Q.UESCE', (del-e-ques') v. i. [L. deliquesco. See Li- 
quid.] To melt gradually and become liquid by attract- 
ing and absorbing moisture from the air. 

DEL-I-Q,UES'CENCE, n. Spontaneous liquefaction in the 
air; a gradual melting or becoming liquid by absorption 
of water from the atmosphere. 

DEL-I-Q,UES'CENT, a. Liquefying in the air ; capable of at- 
tracting moisture from the atmosphere and becoming liquid. 

DE-LId'UI-ATE, V. i. To melt and become liquid by im- 
bibing water from the air. 

DE-LId-UI- action, n. A melting by attracting water from 
the air. 

DE-Lia'UI-UM, n. [L.] 1. In chemistry, a melting or 

dissolution in the air, or in a moist place. 2. A liquid 
state. 3. In medicine, a swooning or fainting ; called 
also syncope. 

DE-LIR'A-MENT, n. A wandering of the mind ; foolish 
fancy. [Little 

DELT-RATE, v. i. [L. dcliro.] To dote ; to rave. 

DE-LIR'I-OUS, a. [L. delirus.] Roving in mind ; light- 
headed ; disordered in intellect; having ideas that are 
wild, irregular and unconnected. 

DE-LIR'I-OUS-NESS, ?i. The state of being delirious ; de- 
liiium. 

DE-LIR'I-UM, n. [L.] A state in which the ideas of a per- 
son are wild, irregular and unconnected, or do not corre- 
spond with the truth or with external objects ; a roving or 
wandering of the mind ; disorder of the intellect. 


DEL-I-TES'CENCE, n. [L. delitescerdia.] Retirement ; ob- 
scurity. .Johnson. 

DE-LIT'I-GATE", v. t. [L. delitigo.] To scold ; to chide 
vehemently. Diet. 

DE-LIT-I-G action, n. A striving ; a chiding. 

DE-LIV'ER, v. t. [P'r. delivrer.] 1. To free ; to release, as 
from lestraint ; to set at liberty. 2. To rescue, or save. 
3. To give or transfer ; to put into another’s hand or pow- 
er ; to commit ; to pass from one to another. 4. To sur- 
render ; to yield ; to give up; to resign. 5. To disburden 
of a child. 6. To utter ; to pronounce ; to speak ; to send 
forth in words. 7. To exert in motion ; [notin use.] — To 
deliver to the icind, or cast away ; to reject. — To deliver 
over. 1. To transfer ; to give or pass from one to another. 

2. To surrender or resign ; to put into another’s power ; 
to commit to the discretion of ; to abandon to. — To deliver 
up, to give up ; to surrender. 

t DE-LIV'ER, a. [L. liber.] Free ; nimble. Chaucer. 

DE-LIV'ER-A-BLE, a. That may be or is to be delivered. 
J\Ier. usage. Amer. Review. 

DE-LIV/ER-ANCE, n. [Fr. delivrance.] 1. Release from 
captivity, slavery, oppression, or any restraint. 2. Res- 
cue from danger or any evil. 3. The act of bringing forth 
children. 4. The act of giving or transferring from one 
to another. 5. The act of speaKing or pronouncing ; ut- 
terance. 6. Acquittal of a prisoner by the verdict of a jury. 

DE-LIV'ERED, pp. Freed; released; transferred or trans- 
mitted ; passed from one to another ; committed ; yielded ; 
surrendered ; rescued ; uttered ; pronounced. 

DE-LIV'ER-ER, n. 1. One who delivers; one who re- 
leases or rescues ; a preserver. 2. One who relates or 
communicates. 

DE-LIV'ER-ING, ppr. Releasing; setting free; rescuing; 
saving; surrendering; giving over; yielding; resigning. 

fDE-LlV'ER-LY, adv. Nimbly. 

DE-LIV'ER-NES^?, n. Agility. 

DE-LIV'ER-Y, n. 1. The act of delivering. 2. Release ; 
rescue, as from slavery, restraint, oppression or danger. 

3. Surrender; a giving up. 4. A giving or passing from 
one to another. 5. Utterance ; pronunciation ; or manner 
of speaking. 6. Childbirth. 7. Free motion or use of the 
limbs ; [o^>5.] Sidney. 

DELL, 71. [qu. dale, or W. dell.] A pit, or a hollow place ; 
a cavity or narrow opening. Milton. 

DELPII. Sec Delf, Mo. 2. 

DELPHT-A, 1 71. A v^egetable alkali lately discovered in 

DEL-PHIN'I-A, j the Delphinium staphysagria. 

DELPH'I-AN, 1 a. [from Delphi.] Relating to Delphi, and 

DELPHTC, ) to the celebrated oracle of that place. 

DELPIPlNE, a. [L. delphinus.] 1. Pertaining to the dol- 
phin, a genus of fishes. 2. Pertaining to the dauphin of 
France. 

DELPHTN-lTE, n. A mineral, called pistacite and epi- 
dote. 

DEL'TOID, 11 . [Gr. he\ra, the letter A, and rtooj.] 1. Re- 
sembling the Greek A ; triangular ; an epithet applied to a 
muscle of the shoulder. Coze. — 2. In i>ota7J 7/, shaped some- 
what like a delta or rhomb. 

DE-LuD'A-BLE, a. That may be deluded or deceived ; lia- 
ble to be imposed on. Brown. 

DE-LuDE', V. t. [L. deludo.] 1. To deceive ; to impose 
on ; to lead from truth or into error ; to mislead the mind 
or judgment ; to beguile. 2. To frustrate or disappoint. 

DE-LuD'ED, pp. Deceived ; misled ; led into error. 

DE-LuD'ER, n. One who deceives ; a deceiver; an impos- 
tor ;_one who holds out false pretenses. 

DE-LuD'ING, ppr. Deceiving ; leading astray ; misleading 
the opinion or judgment. 

DE-LuD'ING, 71. The act of deceiving ; falsehood. 

DEL'UGE, n. [Fr. deluge.] 1. Any overflowing of water; 
an inundation ; a flood ; a swell of water over the natural 
banks of a river or shore of the ocean, spreading over the 
adjacent land. But appropriately, the great flood or over- 
flowing of the earth by water, in the days of Noah. 2. A 
sweeping or overwhelming calamity. 

DEL'UGE, V. t. 1. To overflow with water ; to inundate ; 
to drown. 2. To overwhelm ; to cover with any flowing 
or moving, spreading body. 3. To overwhelm ; to cause 
to sink under the weight of a general or spreading calamity. 

DEL'UGE, V. i. To become a deluge. 

DEL'UGED, pp. Overflowed ; inundated ; overwhelmed. 

DEL'U-GING, pp\ Overflowing ; inundating ; overwhelm- 
ing. 

DE-LU'SION, 71. [L. delusio.] 1. The act of deluding; de- 
ception ; a misleading of the mind. 2. False representa- 
tion ; illusion ; error or mistake proceeding from false 
vievvs. 

DE-Lu'SIVE, a. Apt to deceive; tending to mislead the 
mind ; deceptive ; beguiling. 

DE-Lu'SIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being delusive ; ten- 
dency to deceive. 

DE-Lu'SO-RY, a. Apt to deceive ; deceptive. 

DELVE, (delv) v. t. [Sax. delfan.] 1. To dig; toopen the 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 5, D, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


DEM 


DEM 238 


ground with a spade. 2. To fathom ; to sound j to pen- 
etrate [not used.] 

DELVE, (delv) n. A place dug ; a pit ; a pit-fall ; a ditch ; a 


den ; a cave j [065. 
of fossil coals dug. 
DELV'ER, n. One w 


Spenser. — Delve of coals, a quantity 
JVot used, or local.] 
io digs, as with a spade. 

DELV'ING, ppr. Digging. 

DEM'A-GOGUE, (dem'a-gog) n. [Gr. Srjpayioyos.] 1. A 
leader of the people ; an orator who pleases the populace, 
and influences them to adhere to him. 2. Any leader of 
the populace ; any factious man who has great influence 
with the great body of people in a city or community. 

DE-MaIN', n. Written also demesne and demean. [Norm. 
demainer.] 1. A manor-house and the land adjacent or 
near, which a lord keeps in his own hands or immediate 
occupation. 2. Estate in lands. Skak. 

DE-MaND', V. t. [Fr. demander.] 1. To ask or call for, as 
one who has a claim or right to receive what is sought ; to 
claim or seek as due by right. 2. To ask by authority j 
to require ; to seek or claim an answer by virtue of a right 
in the interrogator. 3. To require as necessary or useful. 
4. To ask j to question ; to inquire. 5. To ask or require,' 
as a seller of goods. 6. To sue for ; to seek to obtain by 
legal process. 


DE-MAND', n. 1. An askic.g for or claim made by virtue 
of a right, or supposed right, to the thing sought ; an asking 
with authority ; a challenging as due. 2. The asking or 
requiring of a price for goods offered for sale. 3. Tliat 
which is or may be claimed as due ; debt. 4. The calling 
for in order to purchase ; desire to possess. 5. A desire 
or a seeking to obtain. — 6. In laic, the asking or seeking 
for what is due, or claimed as due, either expressly, by 
words, or by implication, as by seizure of goods, or entry 
into lands. 

DE-MaND'A-BLE, a. That may be demanded, claimed, 
asked for, or required. 

DE-MaND'ANT, n. One who demands 3 the plaintiff in a 
real action 3 any plaintiff. 

DE-MaND'ED, Called for 3 claimed 3 challenged as 
due 3 requested 3 required 3 interrogated. 

DE-MaND'ER, n. One who demands 3 one who requires 
with authority 3 one who claims as due 3 one who asks 3 
one who seeks to obtain. 

DE-MAND'ING, ppr. Claiming or calling for as due, or by 
authority 3 requiring 3 asking 3 pursuing a claim by legal 
process 3 interrogating. 

DE-MaND<RESS, 11. A female demandant. 

t DE-MARCIF, 71. [Fr. demarche.] March 3 w’alk 3 gait. 

DE-MAR-Ka'TION, n. [Sp. demarcacion.] 1. The act of 
marking, or of ascertaining and setting a limit. 2. A lim- 
it or bound ascertained and fixed 3 line of separation 
marked or determined. 

DE-!MeAN', V. t. [Fr. demener.] 1. To behave 3 to carry 3 
to conduct 3 with the reciprocal pronoun. 2. To treat. 
Spense_r. 

|DE-MeAN', V. t. To debase 3 to undervalue. Shak. 

I DE-MeAN', 77. 1. Behavior 3 carriage 3 demeanor. Spen- 
ser. 2. Mien. Ihm. 

DE-MeAN'. See Demain. 

DE-MeAN'OR, 71. Behavior 5 carriage 3 deportment. 

t DE-MeAN'URE, 71. Behavior. 

f De'MEN-CY, 71. [L. dementia.] Madness. Skelton. 

DE-jMEN'TATE, a. Mad 3 infatuated. Hammond. 

DE-MEN'TATE, V. t. [L. demento.] To make mad. Bur- 


ton. 

DE-MEN-Ta'TION, 77.. The act of making frantic. Whitlock. 
DE-MEPH-I-TI-Za'TION, 77. The act of purifying from 
mephitic or foul air. 

DE-MEPHT-TiZE, V. t. To purify from foul, unwholesome 


air. 


DE-MEPH'I-TIZED, pp. Purified 3 freed from foul air. 

DE-MEPIPI-TI-ZING, ppr. Purifying from foul air. 

DE-MER'IT, 77. [Fr. demerite.] 1. That which deserves 
punishment 3 the opposite oi merit 3 an ill-deserving 3 that 
which is blamable or punishable in moml conduct 3 vice or 
crime. 2. Anciently, merit 3 desert 3 in a good sense. 
Shak. 

fDE-MER'IT, V. t. Todeserv^e blame or punishment. 

DE-MERS'ED, a. [L. demersus.] Plunged 3 situated or 
growing under water. 

DE-MER'SION, n. [L. demersio.] 1. A plunging into a 
fluid 3 a drowning.’ 2. The state of being overwhelmed 
in water or earth. 3. The putting of a medicine in a dis- 
solving liquor. 

DE-MeSNE^, (de-meen') -Sec Demain. 

DEM I, a prefix, Fr. demi, from the L. dimidium, signifies 
half. It is used only in composition. 

DEM'I-BRIAIaDE', 77. A half-brigade. 

DEM I-Ca'DENCE, 77. In music, an imperfect cadence, or 
one that falls on any other than the key note. 

DEM'I-€AN^NON, n. A cannon of different sizes 3 the low- 
est carries a ball of 30 pounds weight, and 6 inches diam- 
eter 3 the ordinary is 12 feet long, and carries a shot of 6 
inches and one-sixth diameter, and 32 pounds weight 3 


that of the greatest size is 12 feet long, and carries a ball 
of 6 inches and five-eighths diameter, and 36 pounds 
weight. Diet. 

DEMI-CROSS, 77. An instrument for taking the altitude of 
the sun and stars. 

DEM^l-CUL'VER-IN, n. A large gun or piece of ordnance 5 
the least is 10 feet long, and carries a ball of 9 pounds 
weight and 4 inches diameter 3 that of ordinary size car- 
ries a ball of 4 inches and two-eighths diameter, and 10 
pounds 11 ounces in weight 3 the largest size is 10 feet 
and a third in length, and carries a ball 4 inches and a 
half in diameter, and of 12 pounds 11 ounces in weight. 

DEM'i-DEV'IL, 77. Half a devil. Shak. 

DEM'i-DIS'TANCE, 77. In fortification,' the distance be- 
tween the outward polygons and the flank. 

DEM'i-Dl'TONE, n. In music, a minor third. Busby. 

DEM'i-GOD, 77. Half a god 3 one partaking of the divine 
nature. Pope. 

DEM^I-GORGE, 71. In fortification, that part of the polygon 
which remains after the flank is raised, and goes from the 
curtain to the angle of the polygon. 

DEM^l-GROAT, n. A half-groat. Shenstone. 

DEM'i-LAN’CE, n. A light lance 3 a half-pike. 

DEM'I-LUNE, 77. A half-moon. 

DEM'I-MAN, 77. Haifa man 3 a terin of reproach. 

DEM'i-Na-TURED, a. Having half the nature of another 
animal. Shak. 

DEM'I-PREMT-SES, 77. plu. Half-premises. Hooker. 

DEM'i-(iUA-VER, 77. A note in music, of half the length 
of the quaver. 

DEM'i-REP, 77. A woman of suspicious chastity. [Demi- 
re piitation.l 

DEM'i-SEM'i-CIUa'VER, n. The shortest note in music, 
two of which are equal to a semi quaver. 

DEM'i-TONE, 77. In music, an interval of half a tone 3 a 
semi-tone. 

DEM'I-VILL, 77. A half-vill, consisting of five freemen or 
frank pledges. Blackstone. 

DEM'I-VOLT, 77. One of the seven artificial motions of a 
horse, in which he raises his fore legs in a particular man- 
ner. 

DEM^I-WoLF, 77. Half a wolf 3 a mongrel dog, between a 
dog and a wolf 3 lycisca. Shak. 

DEM'I-JOHN, 77. A large glass vessel or bottle. 

t DEMH-GRATE, DEM-l-GRA'TlON. See Migrate. 

DE-MiS'A-BLE, a. That may be leased. 

DE-MiSE', 77. [Fr. dc77775, demise.] 1. In England, a lay- 
ing down or removal, applied to the crown or royal au- 
thority. The demise of the crown is a transfer of the 
crown, royal authority or kingdom, to a successor. Black- 
stone. 2. A conveyance or transfer of an estate, by lease 
or will . — Demise and redem.ise, a conveyance where there 
are mutual leases inade from one to another of tlie same 
land, or something but of it. 

DE-MiSE', V. t. 1. To transfer or convey 3 to lease. 2. 
To bequeath 3 to grant by will. Swift. 

DE-MIS'SION, 77. A lowering 3 degradation 3 depression. 
H Estrange. 

DE-MISS'IVE, or DE-MISS', a. Humble. [Little used.] 
Shenstone. 

t DE-MISS'LY, adv. In a humble manner. Sherwood. 

DE-MIS'SO-RY. -SeeDiMissoRY. 

f DE-MIT', 77. t. [ 1 j. demitto.] To let fall 3 to depress 3 to 
submit. 

DEM'I-URGE, 77. [Gr. Sypiovypos.] In the mythology of 
Eastern philosophers, an eon employed in the creation 
of the world 3 a subordinate workman. 

DEM-I-URG'I€, a. Pertaining to a demiurge, or to creative 
power. 

DE-MO€'RA-CY, n. [Gr. ^ypoK^aria.] Government by the 
people 3 a form of government in which the supreme 
power is lodged in the hands of the people collectively, or 
in which the people exercise the powers of legislation. 

DEM'0-€RAT, 77. One who adheres to a government by 
the people, or favors the extension of the right of suffrage 
to all classes of men. 

DEM-O-ORAT I€, )a. Popular 3 pertaining to democ- 

DEM-0-€RAT'I-€AL , ) racy or government by the peo- 
ple. 

DEM-O-GRAT'I-GAL-LY, adv. In a democratical manner. 
Sidney. 

DE-MO€^RA-TIST, 71. The same as democrat. 

DE-MO€'RA-TY, n. Democracy. Burton. 

DE-MOL'ISH, V. t. [Fr. demoUr.] To throw or pull down 5 
to raze 3 to destroy, as a heap or structui*e 3 to separate 
any collected mass, or the connected parts of a thing 3 to 
ruin. 

DE-MOL'ISHED, pp. Pulled down 3 thrown down 3 razed 3 
destroyed, as a fabric or structure. 

DE-MOIVISH-ER, 77. One who pulls or throws down 3 one 
who destroys or lays waste. 

DE-MOL'ISH-ING, ppr. Pulling or throwing down 3 de- 
stroying. 

DE-MOL'ISH-MENT, n. Ruin 3 overthrow. Beaumont. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 5— BULL, UNITE.— € as K 5 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 5 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


DEM 


234 


DEN 


DEM-O-LI'TION, n. The act of overthrowing, pull- 
ing down or destroying a pile or structure 3 ruin 3 de- 
struction. 

De'MON, 71 . [L. dcemon.'] A spirit, or immaterial being, 
holding a middle place between men and tlie celestial dei- 
ties of the pagans. An evil spirit or genius, which is sup- 
posed to influence the conduct or direct the fortunes of 
mankind. 

Dli'MON-ESS, 71 . A female demon. Mede. 

DE-Md'NI-A€, DE-MO-NPA-eAL, or DE-Mo'NI-AN, a. 
1 . Pertaining to demons or evil spirits. 2 . Influenced by 
demons 3 produced by demons or evil spirits. 

DE-Mo'NI-A€, 71 . A human being possessed by a demon. 

DE-Mo'NI-AES, 71 . In church history^ a branch of the Ana- 
baptists, whose distinguishing tenet is, that at the end of 
the world the devil will be saved. 

L>E-MON- 0 €'RA-CY, 77. [Gr. and The 

power or government of demons. 

DE-MON-OL'A-TRY, n. [Gr. Saijxiav and Xarpria.] The 
worship of demons, or of evil spirits. 

DE-MON-OL O-GY, ??. [Gr. iaipuav and Xoyoj.] A discourse 
on demons 3 d treatise on evil spirits. 

DE-MON'O-MIST, 71. [Gr. ^aiyoiv and vopog.] One that 
lives in subjection to the devil, or to evil spirits. 

DE-MON'O-MY, n. The dominion of demons, or of evil 
spirits* J'TBvhsvt* 

DEMON-SHIP, 77. The state of a demon. Mede. 

DE-MON 'STRA-BLE, a. That may be demonstrated 5 that 
may be proved beyond doubt or contradiction 5 capable 
of being shown by certain evidence, or by evidence that 
admits of no doubt. 

DE-MON'STRA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being de- 
monstrable 

DE-MON 'STRA-BLY, adv. In a manner to preclude doubt 5 
beyond the possibility of contradiction. 

^ DEM'OxV-STRATE, or DE-MON'STRATE, v. t. [L. 
demonstro.] 1 . To prove beyond the possibility of doubt 3 
to prove in such a manner as to reduce the contrary posi- 
tion to evident absurdity. — 2. In anatomy, to exhibit the 
parts when dissected. 

* I)EM'ON-STRA-TED, pp. Proved beyond the possibility 
of doubt 3 rendered certain to the mind. 

•*DEI\PON-STRA-TING, ppr. Proving to be certain 3 evinc- 
ing beyond the possibility of doubt. 

DE?» 1 -ON-STRa'TION, 7j. 1 . The act of demonstrating, or 
of exhibiting certain proof. 2 . The highest degree, of evi- 
dence 3 certain proof exhibited, or such proof as estab- 
lishes a fact or proposition beyond a possibility of doubt, 
or as shows the contrary position to be absurd or im- 
possible. 3 . Indubitable evidence of the senses, or of 
reeison 3 evidence which satisfies the mind of the certain- 
ty of a fact or proposition. — 4 . In logic, a series of syllo- 
gisms, all whose premises are either definitions, self- 
evident truths, or propositions already established. 5 . 
Show 5 exhibition. — 6. In anatomy, the exhibition of parts 
■dissected • 

DE-MON STRA-TiVE, a. I. Showing or proving by certain 
evidence 3 having the power of demonstration 3 invincibly 
conclusive. 2 . Having the power of showing with clear- 
ness and certainty. 

DE-MON'STRA-TIVE-LY, adv. With certain evidence 3 
with proof which cannot be questioned 3 certainly 3 clear- 
ly ; convincingly. 

* DEM'ON-STRA-TOR, 77. I. One who demonstrates ; one 
who proves any thing with certainty, or with indubitable 
evidence. — 2 . In anatomy, one who exliibits the paits 
wliCD dissected 

DE-MON'STRA-TO-RY, a. Tending to demonstrate ; hav- 
ing a tendency to prove bejmnd a possibility of doubt. 

DE-MOR-AL-I-Za'TION, 7j. The act of subverting or cor- 
rupting morals 5 destruction of moral principles. 

DE-MOR'AL-IZE, v. t. To corrupt or undermine the morals 
of 3 to destroy or lessen the effect of moral principles on 3 
to render corrupt in morals. Orattan. 

DE-MOR'AL-IZED, pp. Corrupted in morals. 

DE-MOR^AL-IZ-ING, ppr. I. Corrupting or destroying 
morals or moral principles. 2 . a. Tending to destroy 
morals or moral principles. 

f DE-MULCE', (de-muls') v. t. \^. demulceo.'] To sooth 3 
to soften or pacify. 

DE-MUL'CENT, a. [L. demiiZccTi^.] Softening 3 mollifying 3 
lenient. 

DE-]MUL'CENT, 77. Any medicine which lessens acrimo- 
ny, or the effects of stimulus on the solids 3 that which 
softens or mollifies 3 as gums, roots of marsh-mallows, and 
other mucilaginous substances. 

DE-MUR', v.i. \Yx. demeurer.'] 1 . To stop 3 to pause 3 to 
hesitate 3 to suspend proceeding 5 to delay determination 
or conclusion. — 2 . In law, to stop at any point in the 
pleadings, and rest or abide on that point in law for a de- 
cision of the cause. 

DE-MUR', V. t. To doubt of. [JSTot legitimate.'] Milton. 


DE-MUR', 77. Stop 3 pause 3 hesitation as to the propriety 
of proceeding 3 suspense of proceeding or decision. 

DE-MuRE', a. Sober 3 grave 5 modest 3 downcast. Bacon. 

|DE-MuRE', v.i. To look with a grave countenance. 
Shakj 

DE-MuRE'LY, adv. With a grave, solemn countenance 5 
with a fixed look 3 with a solemn gravity. 

DE-MuRE'NESS, n. Gravity of countenance 5 soberness 3 a 
modest look. fSidney. 

DE-MUR'RAGE, 77. An allowance made to the master of a 
trading vessel, for delay or detention in port beyond the 
appointed time of departure. 

DE-MUR'RER, 77. 1 . One who demurs. — 2 . In late, a stop 
at some point in the pleadings, and a resting of the decision 
of the cause on that point 3 an issue on matter of law. 

DE-MUR'RING, ppr. Stopping 3 pausing; suspending pro- 
ceedings or decision 3 resting or abiding on a point in 
law. 

DE-MY', 77. [Fr. derni.] 1 . A particular size of paper ; a kind 
of paper of small size. 2 . A half fellow at Magdalen col- 
lege, Oxford. 

DEN, 77. [Sax. den, dene, denn.] 1 . A cave or hollow place 
in the earth 3 usually applied to a cave, pit, or subterrane- 
ous recess, used for concealment, shelter, protection or se- 
curity. 2 . As a termination, in names of places, it denotes 
the place to be in a valley or near a wood. 

DEN, V. i. To dwell as in a den. 

DE-NAR'€OT-lZE, v. t. To deprive of narcotine ; to deprive 
of the narcotic principle or quality. Journ. of Science. 

DEN'A-RY, a. [L. denarius,] Containing ten. 

DEN'A-RY, 77. The number. ten. Digby. 

* DE-Na'TION-AL-iZE, V. t. To divest of national charac- 
ter or rights, by transferrence to the service of another 
nation. See National. 

|DE-NaY', 72 . Denial 3 refusal. Shak. 

IDE-NaY', V. t. To deny. Spenser. 

DEN'DRA-CHATE, n. [Gr. ?>tv 6 pov and a^arys.'] Arbo- 
rescent agate 3 agate containing the figures of shrubs or 
parts of plants. 

DEN DRTTE, n. [Gr. A stone or mineral on or 

in which are the figures of shrubs or trees 3 an arborescent 
mineral. 

DEN-DR IT'IC, I a. Containing the figures of shrubs or 

DEN-DR I T'l -CAL, i trees. 

DEN'DROID, a. [Gr. 6evSpov and £7^05.] Resembling a 
shrub. 

DEN'DROIT, 77. A fossil which has some resemblance in 
form to the branch of a tree. 

DEN'DRO-LITE, n. [Gr. SevSpov and A petrified or 

fossil shrub, plant, or part of a plant. 

DEN-DROL'O-GY, 77. \Gr. ^evbpov and Xoyo^.] A discourse 
or treatise on trees 3 the natural history of trees. 

DEN-DROiM'E-TER, ?i. [Gr. cevSpov and perpao.] An in- 
strument to measure the height and diameter of trees. 

t DEN'E-GATE, V. t. [L. denego.] To deny. 

t DEN-E-Ga'TION, 77. Denial. 

DE-Ni'A-BLE, a. That may be denied, or contradicted. 

DE-Ni'AL, 77. 1 . An affirmation to the contrary 3 an asser- 
tion that a declaration or fart stated is not true 3 negation ; 
contradiction. 2 . Refusal to grant 3 the negation of a 
request or petition. 3 . A rejection, or refusing to ac- 
knowledge 3 a disowning. — 4 . A denial of one^s self, is a 
declining of some gratification 3 restraint of one’s appe- 
tites or propensities. 

DE-NI'ER, 77. One who denies, or contradicts 3 one who re- 
fuses, or rejects 3 a disowner 3 one who does not own, 
avow^or acknowledge. 

DE-NIkR', 77. [Fr.] A small denominationof French money, 
the twelfth part of a sol 3 a small copper coin. 

^ DEN'I-GRATE, V. t. [L. denigro.] To blacken 3 to make 
black. Boyle. 

DEN-I-GRa'TION, 77. The act of making black 3 a black- 
ening. 

DEN'l-.*?ON, 77. The same as Denizen. 

fDEN-I-TRA'TION, 7?. A disengaging of nitric acid. 

DEN-I-Za'TION, 77. The act of making one a denizen, sub- 
ject or citizen. 

DEN'I-ZEN, (den'e-zn) n. [W. dinasicr.'] 1 . In England, 
an alien who is made a subject by the king’s letters pa- 
tent, holding a middle state between an alien and a nat- 
ural born subject. 2 . A stranger admitted to residence 
and certain rights in a foreign country. 3 . A citizen. 

DEN'I-ZEN, V. t. To make a denizen ; to admit to resi- 
dence with certain rights and privileges 3 to in franchise. 

DE-NOM'I-NA-BLE, a. That may be denominated, or 
named. Broken. 

DE-NOM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. denomino.] To name 3 to give 
a name or epithet to. 

DE-NOM'I-NA-TED, pp. Named 3 called. 

DE-NOM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Naming. 

DE-NOM-I-Na'TION, 77. 1 . The act of naming. 2 . A name 
or appellation 3 a vocal sound, customarily used to express 


DEN 


235 DEP 


a thing or a quality, in discourse. 3. A class, society or 
collection of individuals, called by the same name. 

DE-NOM'f-NA-TIVE, a. That gives a name 5 that confers 
a distinct appellation. 

DE-NOM'I-NA-TOR, n. 1. He that gives a name. 2. In 
arithmetic^ that number placed below the line in vulgar 
fractions, which shows into how many parts the integer 
is divided. 

DE-NoT'A-BLE, a. That may be denoted or marked. 

DEX'O-TATE. See Denote. 

DEN-O-Ta'TION, n. [li. denotatio.] The act of denoting. 
Hammond. 

DE-NoT'A-TIVE, a. Having power to denote. 

DE-NoTE', V. t. [L. deyioto.j 1. 'lo mark ; to signify by a 
visible sign; to indicate; to express. 2. To show; to 
betoken ; to indicate. 

DE-NoT ED, pp. Marked; signified; indicated. 

DE-XoTE'MENT, V. Sign ; indication. Shale. 

DE-NoT'lNG, ppr. Marking; expressing; indicating. 

DE-XOLTE-MENT, (de-noo'mong') n. [Fr.] The unraveling 
or discovery of a plot. [jYot English.] JVarton. 

DE-XOUXCE', (de-nouns') v. t. [Fr. denonccr.] 1. To de- 
clare solemnly ; to proclaim in a threatening manner ; to 
announce or declare, as a threat. 2. To threaten by some 
outward sign or expression. 3. To inform against ; to 
accuse. 

DE-XOUN'CED, (de-nounst') pp. 1. Threatened by open 
declaration. 2. Accused ; proclaimed. 

DE-NOUNCE'MEXT, (de-nouns'ment) n. The declaration 
of a menace, or of evil ; denunciation. 

DE-XOUX'CER, n. One who denounces, or' declares a 
menace. 

DE-XOUX'CIXG, ppr. Declaring, as a threat ; threatening ; 
accusing. 

DEXSE, (dens) a. [L. densus ; Fr. dense.'] 1. Close; com- 
pact ; having its constituent parts closely united ; applied 
to solids or fluids. 2. Thick. 

DEXSE'XESS, (dens'nes) n. The same as density. 

DEXST-TY, n. [L. densitas.] 1. Closeness of constituent 
parts ; compactness. 2. Thickness. 

DEXT, n. ]. Literally^ a tooth or projecting point. But it 
is used to express a gap or notch, or rather a depression 
or small hollow in a solid body ; a hollow made by the 
pressure of a harder body on a softer; indentation. In 
this sense, it is in customary use in the United States. 
2. A stroke. Spenser. 

DEXT, V. t. To make a dent or small hollow. See Indent. 

DEX'TAL, a. [L. deiitalis.] Pertaining to the teeth. — In 
frrammar, formed or pronounced by the teeth, with the 
aid of the tongue. 

DEX'TAL, n. 1. An articulation or letter formed by placing 
the end of the tongue against the upper teeth, or against 
the gum that covers the root of the upper teeth. 2. A 
genus of shell-fish, dentaliiim, of several species. 

DEX'TA-LITE, n. A fossil shell of the genus dentalium. 

DEX'TATE, ) a. [L. dentatus.] Toothed ; notched. In 

DEX'TA-TED, ) botany^ a dentated root is one that con- 
sists of a concatenation of joints, resembling a necklace. 
A dentate leaf is one that has horizontal points, with a 
space between each, or points in the jdane of the disk, or 
having points like teeth on the margin. 

DEX'TA-TO-SIX'U-ATE, a. Having points like teeth, 
with hollows about the edge. 

DEXT'ED, a. Indented ; impressed with little hollows. 

DEX-TEL'LT, n. [It. dentello.] Modillions. Spectator. 

DEX'Tl-CLE, n. [L. denticulus .] A small tooth or project- 
ing point. Lee. 

DEX-TI€'U-LATE, )a. [J-i. denticulatus.] Having small 

DEX-TIC'U-LA-TED, ) teeth or notches. 

DEX-TIG-U-La'TIOX, n. The state of being set with small 
teeth, or prominences or points, resembling the teeth of a 
saw. 

DEX'TI-FORM, a. [L. dens and forma.] Having the form 
of a tooth. Kirwan. 

DEN'TI-FRICE, n. [Fr.] A powder or other substance to 
be used in cleaning the teeth. 

DEX'TIL, n. [L. dens.] In architecture^ an ornament in 
cornices bearing some resemblance to teeth ; used particu- 
larly in the Ionic and Corinthian orders. 

DEX'TIST, n. One whose occupation is to clean and ex- 
tract teeth, or repair the loss of them. 

DEX-TI' TfON, 71. [L. dentitio.] 1. The breeding or cutting 
of teeth in infancy. 2. The time of breeding teeth. 

DEX'TTZE, V. t. To renew the teeth, or have them re- 
newed. 

DEX'TOID, a. [L. dens, and Gr. ctJo?.] Having the form 
of teeth. Barton. 

DE-Xu'DATE, ) V. t. [L. deimdo.] To strip ; to divest of 

DE-XuDE', ( all covering ; to make bare or naked. 

DEX-U-Da'TIOX, n. 1. The act of stripping off covering ; 
a making bare. — 2. In ffeolo^y^ the act of wasliing away 
the surface of the earth by the deluge or other flood. 

DE-XuD'ED, pp. Stripped ; divested of covering ; laid bare. 

DE-NOD'IXG, ppr. Stripping off covering ; making bare. 


DE-NUN'CIATE, V, t. [L. denuncio,] To denounce, whic/i 
see. 

DE-NUX-CI-a'TION, n. [L. denunciatio ,] 1. Publication J 
proclamation; annunciation ; preaching. 2 . lolemn or 
formal declaration, accompanied with a menace ; or the 
declaration of intended evil ; proclamation of a threat ; a 
public menace. 

DE-NHN-CI-a'TOR, 71. L He that denounces; one who 
publishes or proclaims, especially intended evil ; one who 
threatens. 2. An accuser ; one who informs against 
another. 

DE-X^', r. t. [Fr. denier.] 1 . To contradict ; to gainsay ; to 
declare a statement or position not to be true. 2 . To 
refuse to grant. 3. Not to aflbrd ; to withhold. 4. To 
disown ; to refuse or neglect to acknowledge ; not to con- 
fess. 5. To reject ; todisovyn; not to receive or embrace. 
6. Not to aflbrd or yield. — To deny onc^sself, is to decline 
the gratification of appetites or desires ; to refrain from ; 
to abstain. 

DE-OB-STRUGT', v. t. [L. de and obstruo.] To remove ob- 
structions, or impediments to a passage ; to clear from any 
thing that hinders the passage of fluids in the proper ducts 
of the body. 

DE-OB-STRLJ€T'ED, pp. Cleared of obstructions ; opened. 

DE-OB-STRUCT'ING, ppr. Removing impediments to a 
passage. 

DE-OB'h 5 TP».U-ENT, a. Removing obstructions ; having 
power to clear or open the natural ducts of the fluids and 
secretions of the body ; resolving viscidities ; aperient. 

DE-OB'STRU-ENT, n. Any medicine which removes ob- 
structions, and opens the natural passages of the fluids of 
the body, as the pores and lacteal vessels ; an aperient. 

Dk'O-DAND, n. [L. Deo dandus.] In England^ a personal 
chattel which is the immediate occasion of the death of a 
rational creature, and, for that reason, given to Ood, that 
is, forfeited to the king, to be applied to pioiis uses, and 
distributed in alms by his high almoner. Blackstone, 

t DE-OX'ER-ATE, V. t. [L. deonero.] To unload. 

DE-OP'PI-LATE, V. t. [L. de and oppilo.] To free from ob- 
structions ; to clear a passage. [Little used.] 

DE-OP-PI-La'TION, n. The removal of obstructions. [Lit- 
tle used.] Brown. 

DE-OP'PI-LA-TiVE, a. Deobstruent ; aperient. Harvey. 

f DE-OR-DI-Na'TION, n. [L. de and ordinatio.] Disorder. 
Raioley. 

f DE-OS'CU-LATE, V. t. [L. deosculor .] To kiss. 

t DE-0 S-€U-La'T10N, 7 J. A kissing. Stillivgfleet. 

DE-OX'Y-DATE, v. t. [de and oxydateJ] To deprive of oxy- 
gen, or reduce from the state of an oxyd. 

DE-OX'Y-DA-TED, pp. Reduced from the state of an oxyd. 

DE-OX 'Y-DA-TING, ppr. Reducing from the state of an 
oxyd. 

DE-OX-Y-Da'TION, 71. The act or process of reducing from 
the state of an oxyd. 

DE-OX- Y-DI-Za'TION, n. Deoxydation. 

DE OX'Y-DiZE, V. t. To deoxydate. 

DE-OX'Y-DIZED, pp. Deoxydated. 

DE-OX'Y-DIZ-ING, ppr. Deoxydating. 

DE-OX'Y-GEX-ATE, V. t. To deprive of oxygen. Davy. 

DE-0X'Y"-GEN-A-TED, pp. Deprived of oxygen. 

DE-OX'Y-GEN-A-TING, ppr. Depriving of oxygen. 

DE-OX-Y-GEN-a'TIOX, 71. The actor operation of depriv- 
ing of oxygen. 

DE-Pi\INT', v. t. [Fr. depeindre, depeint.] 1. To paint; to 
picture ; to represent in colors, as by painting the resem- 
blance of. Spenser. 2. To describe in words. Gay. 

DE-PaINT'ED, pp. Painted ; represented in colors ; de- 
scribed. 

DfE-PAINT'ER, n. A painter. Douglas. 

DE-PaINT'ING, ppr. Painting; representing in colors 
describing. 

DE-PaRT', V. i. [Fr. departir.] 1. To go or move from. 

2. To go from ; to leave ; to desist, as from a practice. 

3. To leave ; to deviate from ; to forsake ; not to adhere 
to or follow. 4. To desist ; to leave ; to abandon. 5. To 
be lost ; to perish ; to vanish. 6 . To die ; to decease ; to 
leave this world. — To depart this life, is elliptical, from 
being understood. 7. To leave ; to forsake ; to abandon. 
8 . To cease. 9. To deviate : to vary from. 10. To vary; 
to deviate from the title or defense in pleading. 11 . To 
part with ; [not in tt 5 P.] Shak. — 7’o depart from God^isto 
forsake his service, and live in sin ; to apostatize ; to re- 
volt; to desert his government and laws. — God departs 
from men^ when he abandons them to their own sinful in- 
clinations. 

t DE-PART', V. t. To divide or separate ; to part. Shak. 

I DE-PART', n. 1. The act of going away; death. Shak. 
2. Division ; separation. Bacon. 

fDE-PART'ER, n. One who refines metals by sepa»-ation. 

DE-PART'ING, ppr. Going from ; leaving ; desisting ; for- 
saking; vanishing; dying. 

DE-PART'ING, n. A going away ; separation. Shak. 

DE-PART'MENT, n. [Fr. departement.] 1. Literally^ a 
separation or division ; hence, a separate part, or portion ; 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BIJLL, UNITE. — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


DEP 


236 


DEP 


a division of territory. 2. A separate allotment or part of 
business ; a distinct province, in which a class of duties 
are allotted to a particular person. 3. A separate sta- 
tion. 

DE-PART-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to a department, or 
division. 

DE-PART'URE, n. 1. The act of going away ; a moving 
from or leaving a place. 2. Death ; decease ; removiil 
from the present life. 3. A forsaking ; abandonment. 4. 
A desisting. 5. Ruin 3 destruction. 6. A deviation from 
the title or defense in pleading. — 7. In navigation, the 
distance of two places on the same parallel, counted in 
miles of the equator. 

DE-PAS'CENT, a, [L. depascens.'] Feeding. 

DE-PAST'URE, v. t. [L. depascor.] To eat up , to con- 
sume. Spenser. 

DE-PAST'URE, v. i. To feed ; to graze. Blackstone. 

DE-PAST'U-RING, ppr. Feeding j grazing ; eating up. 

DE-PAU'PER-ATE, v. t. [L. depaupero.] To make poor ; 
to impoverish 5 to deprive of fertility or richness. Jlrbutli- 
not. 

DE-PAUTER-A-TED, pp. Impoverished ; made poor. 

DE-PAU'PER-A-TING, ppr. Impoverishing ; making poor. 

t DE-PE€'TI-BLE, a. [L. depecto.] Tough j thick. 

DE-PE€-U-La'TION, 71. [L. depeculatio.] A robbing of the 
commonwealth. Cockeram. 

t DE-PE1N€T', (de-pant') v. t. [L. depingo.] To paint. 

DE-PEND', v.i. [L. dependeo.] 1. To hang ; to be sustained 
by being fastened or attachea to something above. 2. To 
be connected with any thing, as the cause of its existence 
or of its operation and effects ; to rely on j to have such 
connection with any thing as a cause, that, without it, 
the effect would not be produced. 3. To adhere; to 
hold to ; to be retained. 4. To be in suspense ; to be un- 
determined. 5. To rely ; to rest with confidence ; to 
trust; to confide; to have full confidence or belief. — To 
depend on or xipon, to rely ; to trust in, with confidence. 

t DE-PEND'A-BLE, a. That may be depended on. Pope. 

1)E-PEND'ENCE, | n. 1. A state of hanging down from a 

DE-PEND'EN-CY, ) supporter. 2. Any thing hanging 
dow'n ; a series of things hanging to another. 3. Concat- 
enation ; connection by which one thing is sustained by 
another, in its place, operations or effects, or is affected 
by it. 4. A state of being at the disposal of another ; a 
state of being subject to the will of an -intelligent cause, or 
to the power and operation of any other cause ; inability 
to sustain itself without the aid of. 5. Rel’iance ; confi- 
dence ; trust ; a resting on. 6. Accident ; that of which 
the existence presupposes the existence of something else ; 
that which pertains to something else. 7. That which is 
attached to, but subordinate to something else. 8. A ter- 
ritory remote from the kingdom or state to w'hich it be- 
longs, but subject to its dominion. 

DE-PEND'ENT, a. 1. Hanging down. 2. Subject to the 
power of; at the dispasal of ; not able to exist or sustain 
itself without the will or power of. 3. Relying on for 
support or favor ; unable to subsist or to perfonn any thing, 
without the aid of. 

DE-PEND'ENT, n. One who is at the dispi^sal of another ; 
one who is sustained by another, or who relies on another 
for support or favor ; a retainer. 

DE-PEND'ER, n. One who depends ; a dependent. 

DE-PEND'ING, ppr. 1. Hanging down ; relying. 2. a. 
Pending ; undecided. 

DE-PER'DIT, a. [L. deperditus.] That which is lost or de- 
stroyed. Paley. 

DEP-ER-Dl"TION, n. Loss ; destruction. Brown. 

DE-PER'DIT-LY, adv. In a lost or ruined manner. 

DE-PHLEG'MATE, v. t. [de, and Gr. <fXtypa.'\ To deprive 
of superabundant water, as by evaporation or distillation ; 
to clear spirit or acids of aqueous matter ; to rectify. [De- 
phlegm is used by Boyle.'] 

DEPH-LEG-Ma'TION, n. The operation of separating wa- 
ter from spirits and acids, by evaporation or repeated dis- 
tillation. 

I DE-PHLEGM'ED-NESS, (de-flem'ed-nes) n. A state of 
being freed from water. Boyle. 

DEPH-LO-GlS'TI-€ATE, v. i. \de, and Gr. ^Xoyttrro?.] To 
deprive of phlogiston, or the supposed principle of inflam- 
mability. 

DEPH-LO-GIS'TI-GA-TED, pp. Deprived of phlogiston. 

DE-PIGT', V. t. [L. depingo, depictum.] 1. To paint ; to 
portray ; to form a likeness in colours. 2. To describe ; 
to represent in words. 

DE-PI€T'ED, pp. Painted ; represented in colors ; described. 

DE-PIGT'ING, ppr. Painting ; representing in colors, or in 
w’ords. 

DE-PI€T'URE, V. t. To paint ; to picture ; to represent in 

SifiP 

DEP'I-LATE, v.t. il^.depilo.] To strip of hair. 

DEP-I-La'TION, 71. The act of pulling off the hair. 

* DE-PIL'A-TO-RY, a. Having the quality or power to take 
off hair and make bald. 


* DE-PIL'A-TO-RY, n. Any application which is used to 
take off the hair of an animal body ; such as lime and or- 
piraent. Encyc. 

f DEP'I-LOUS, a. Without hair. Brown. 

DEP-LAN-Ta'TION, n. [L. deplanto.] The act of taking 
up plants from beds. 

DE-PLe'TION, n. [L. depleo.] The act of emptying ; par- 
ticularly, in the medical art, the act of diminishing tbe 
quantity of blood in the vessels by venesection ; blood-let- 
ting. _ 

DE-PLoR'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be deplored or lament- 
ed ; lamentable ; that demands or causes lamentation ; 
hence, sad; calamitous; grievous; miserable ; wretched. 
Deplorate, in a like sense, is not used. 2. In popular use, 
low; contemptible; pitiable. 

DE-PLoR'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being deplorable ; 
misery ; wretchedness ; a miserable state. 

DE-PLoR'A-BLY, adv. In a manner to be deplored ; la- 
mentably ; miserably. 

DEP-LO-Ra'TION, 71. The act of lamenting. — In music, a 
dirge or mournful strain. 

DE-PLoRE', V. t. [L. deploro.] To lament ; to bewail ; to 
mourn ; to feel or express deep and poignant grief for. 

DE-PLoR'ED, (de-plord') pp. Lamented ; bewailed ; deep- 
ly regretted. 

t DE-PLoR'ED-LY, adv. Lamentably. Taylor. 

t DE-PLoRE'MENT, n. A weeping ; a lamenting. 

DE-PLoR'ER, n. One who deplores or deeply laments ; a 
deep mourner. 

DE-PLoR'ING, Bewailing; deeply lameniing. 

DE-PLOY', V. t. [Fr. deployer.] To display, to open, to 
extend ; a military term. 

DE-PLOY', V. i. To open ; to extend ; to form a mere ex- 
tended front or line. 

DE-PLOY'ING, ppr. Opening ; extending ; displaying. 

DEP-LU-Ma'TION, n. 1. The stripping or falling oif of 
plumes or feathers. 2. A tumor of the eyelids with loss 
of hair. 

DE-PLuME', V. t. [L. deplumo.] To strip or pluck off feath- 
ers ; ^o deprive 01 plumage. 

DE-PLuM'ED, (de-plumd') pp. Stripped of feathers or 
plumes. 

DE-PLuM'ING, ppr. Stripping off plumes or feathers. 

DE-Po'LAR-lZE, V. t. To deprive of polarity. 

I DE-PoNE', V. t. [L. depono.] To lay down as a pledge ; 
to wage. Hudibras. 

DE-Po'NENT, a. [L. deponens.] 1. Laying doAvn. — 2. A 
deponent verb, in the Latin Qrammar, is a verb which has 
a p^sive termination, Avith an active signification. 

DE-Po'NENT, 77. 1. One who deposes, or gives a deposition 
under oath ; one who gives written testimony to be used 
as evidence in a court of justice. 2. A deponent verb. 

DE-POP'U-LATE, v. t. [L. depopulor.] To dispeople ; to 
unpeople ; to deprive of inhabitants. % 

DE-POP'U-LATE, v. i. To become dispeopled. 

DE-POP'U-LA-TED, pp. Dispeopled ; deprived of inhabit- 
ants. 

DE-POP'U-LA-TING, ppr. Dispeopling ; depriving of in- 
habitants. 

DE-POP-U-La'TION, 77. The act of dispeopling; destruc- 
tion or expulsion of inhabitants. 

DE-POP'U-LA-TOR, 77. One who depopulates ; one Avho 
destroys or expels the inhabitants of a city, town or coun- 
try ; a dispeopler. 

DE-PoRT', V. t. [Fr. deporter.] 1. With the reciprocal 
pronoun, to carry ; to demean ; to beha\^e. 2. To trans- 
port ; to carry away, or from one country to another. 

^ Walsh. 

DE-PoRT', 77. Behaviour; carriage; demeanor; deport- 
ment. poetic word.] Milton. 

DEP-OR-TA'TION, n. Transportation; a carrying away; 
a removal from one country to another, or to a distant 
place ; exile ; banishment. 

DE-PoRT'ED, pp. Carried away ; transported ; banished. 

DE-PoRT'ING, ppr. Carrying away ; removing to a distant 
place or country ; transporting ; banishing. 

DE-PoRT'MENT, 77. [Fr. deportement.] Carriage ; manner 
of acting in relation to the duties of life ; behaviour ; de- 
meanor ; conduct ; management. 

DE-PoS'A-BLE, a. That may be deposed, or deprived of 
ofii<^. Howell. 

DE-Po'SAL, 77. The act of deposing, or divesting of office. 
Fox^ 

DE-PoSE', V. t. [Tr. deposer.] 1. To lay doAAm ; to throw ; 
to let fall. 2. To reduce from a throne or other high sta- 
tion ; to dethrone ; to degrade ; to divest of office. 3. To 
give testimony on oath, especially to give testimony 
Avhich is committed to Avriting ; to give ansAvers to inter- 
rogatories, intended as evidence in a court. 4. To lay 
aside. Barrow. 5. To take away ; to strip ; to divest ; 
[notin 77se.] Shak. 6. To examine on oath ; [not in use.] 
Shak. 

DE-PoSE', V. i. To bear Avitness. Sidney. 

DE-PoS'ED, (de-p5zd') pp. Dethroned ; degraded ; testified. 


* See Synopsis. A, £, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; 


t Obsolete. 


DEP 


237 DEP 


DE-P5S'ER, n. One who deposes or degrades from office. 

DE-PoS^ING, ppr. Dethroning j degrading j bearing wit- 

110SS* 

DE-PdS'ING, n. The act of dethroning. Selden. 

DE-POS'lT, V. t. [L. depositum.] 1. To lay down ; to lay ; 
to throw down. 2. To lay up ; to lay in a place for pre- 
servation. 3. To lodge in the hands of a person for safe- 
keeping or other purpose; to commit to the care of; to 
intrust ; to commit to one as a pledge. 4. To lay aside ; 
[little iised.J 

DE-POS'IT, n. 1. That which is laid or thrown down ; any 
matter laid or thrown down, or lodged. Kirwan. 2. Any 
thing intrusted to the care of another ; a pledge ; a pawn ; 
a thing given as security, or for preservation. 3. A place 
where things are deposited ; a depository. 4. [Fr. depot ] 
A city or town where goods are lodged for safe-keeping 
or for re-shipment. — In deposit, in a state of pledge, or 
for safe-keeping. 

DE-POS'I-TA-RS^, 71. [Fr. depositaire.] A peison with 
whom any thing is left or lodged in trust ; one to whom 
a thing is committed for safe keeping, or to be used for the 
benefit of the owner ; a trustee ; a guardian. 

DE-POS'IT-ING, ppr. Laying down ; pledging ; repositing. 

DEP-O-SF'TION, n. [L. depositio.] 1. The act of laying 
or throwing down. 2. That which is thrown down ; 
that which is lodged. 3. The act of giving testimony 
under oath. 4. The attested written testimony of a wit- 
ness ; an affidavit. 5. The act of dethroning a king, or 
the degrading of a person from an office or station ; a di- 
vesting of sovereignty, or of office and dignity ; a depriv- 
ing of clerical orders. 

DE-POS'1-TO-RY, 71. A place where any thing is lodged 
for safe-keeping. 

DE-PO.‘§'I-TUM, n. A deposit. [JVot English, nor in use.] 

DE-POT, (de-po') [A French word. See Deposit.] 

DEP-RA-VA'TION, n. [L. depravatio.] 1. The act of mak- 
ing bad or worse ; the act of corrupting. 2. The state of 
being made bad or worse ; degeneracy ; a state in which 
good qualities are lost, or impaired. 3. Censure ; defama- 
tion ; [not used.] Shak. 

DE-PRaVE', V. t. [L. depravo.] 1. To make bad or worse ; 
to impair good qualities ; to make bad qualities worse ; to 
vitiate ; to corrupt. 2. To defame ; to vilify ; [7iot used.] 
Shak. 

DE-PRaV'ED, (de-pravd') pp. 1. Made bad or worse ; vitiat- 
ed ; tainted ; corrupted. 2. a. Corrupt ; wicked ; destitute 
of holiness or good principles. 

DE-PRaV'ED-LY^, ado. In a corrupt manner. 

DE-PRaV'ED-NESS, 77. Corruption ; taint ; a vitiated state. 
Hammond. 

DE-PRaVE'MENT, n. A vitiated state. Broion. 

DE-PRaV'ER, 77. A corrupter ; he who vitiates ; a vilifier. 

DE-PRa V'ING, ppr. Making bad ; corrupting. 

I DE-PRaV'ING, 77. A traducing. 

DE-PRAV'I-TY, 77. 1. Corruption ; a vitiated state. 2. A 
vitiated state of the heart ; wickedness ; corruption of 
moral principles ; destitution of holiness or good princi- 
ples. 

f DEP'RE-CA-BLE, a. That is to be averted, or begged off. 

DEP'RE-CATE, v. t. [L. deprecor.] 1. To pray against ; 
to pray or entreat that a present evil may be removed, or 
unexpected one averted. 2. More generally, to regret; 
to have or to express deep sorrow at a present evil, or at 
one that may occur. 3. To implore mercy of ; [improper.] 
Prior. 

DEP'RE-CA-TED, pp. Prayed against ; deeply regretted. 

DEP'RE-€A-TING, ppr. Praying against ; regretting. 

DEP-RE-€a'TION, 77. 1. A praying against ; a praying 
that an evil may be removed or prevented. 2. Entreaty ; 
petitioning ; an excusing ; a begging pardon for. 

DEP'RE-CA-TOR, 77. One who deprecates. 

DEP'RE-€A-T0-RY, )a. 1. That serves to deprecate ; 

DEP^RE-CA-TIVE, ^ tending to remove or avert evil 
by prayer. 2. Having the form of prayer. 

DE-PRk'CI ATE, V. t. [Low L. depretio.] 1. To lessen the 
price of a thing ; to cry down the price or value. 2. To 
undervalue ; to represent as of little value or merit, or of 
less value than is commonly supposed. 3. To lower the 
value. 

DE-PRe^CIATE, V. i. To fall in value ; to become of less 
wortln 

DE-PRe'CIA-TED, pp. Lessened in value or price ; under- 
valued. 

DE-PRe'CTA-TING, ppr. 1. Lessening the price or worth ; 
undervaluing. 2. Falling in value. 

DE-PRE-CI-a'TION, 77. 1. The act of lessening or crying 
down price or value. 2. The falling of value ; reduction 
of worth. 

DEPRIE-DATE, v. t. [L. deprcedor.] 1. To plunder; to 
rob ; to pillage ; to take the property of an enemy or of a 
foreign country by force. 2. To prey upon ; to waste ; to 
spoil. 3. To devour ; to destroy by eating. 

DEFRE-DATE, V. i. To take plunder or prey ; to commit 
waste. 


DEP'RE-DA-TED, pp. Spoiled ; plundered ; wasted j pil- 
laged. 

DEP'RE-DA-TING, ppr. Plundering; robbing; pillaging. 

DEP-RE-Da'TION, 77. 1. The act of plundering ; a robbing ; 
a pillaging. 2. Waste; consumption; a taking away by 
any act of violence. 

DEP'RE-DA-TOR, 77. One who plunders, or pillages; a 
spoiler ; a waster. 

DEP'RE-DA-TO-RY, a. Plundering ; spoiling; consisting 
in pillaging. 

DEP-RE-HEND', 7>. f. [L. deprehendo.] 1. To catch; to 
take unawares or by surprise ; to seize, as a person com- 
mitting an unlawful ac^^^ 2. To detect ; to discover ; to 
obtain the knowledge of. [Deprehend and its derivatives 
are little used.] 

t DEP-RE-HEND', v. i. To discover. 

DEP-RE-HEND'ED, pp. Taken by surprise ; caught ; seiz- 
ed ; discovered. 

DEP-RE-HEND'ING, ppr. Taking unawares; catching; 
seizing ; discovering. 

DEP-RE-HEN'SI-BLE, a. That may be caught, or discov- 
ered 

DEP-RE-HEN'SLBLE-NESS, 77. Capableness of being 
caught or discovered. 

DEP-RE-HEN'SION, 77. A catching or seizing ; a discov- 
ery. 

DE PRESS', V. t. [L. depressus.] 1. To press down ; to 
press to a lower state or position. 2. To let fall ; to bring 
down. 3. To render dull or languid ; to limit or diminish. 

4. To sink; to lower; to deject ; to make sad. 5. To 
humble ; to abase. 6. To sink in altitude ; to cause to 
appear lower or nearer the horizon. 7. To impoverish ; 
to lower in temporal estate. 8. To lower in value. 

DE-PRESS'ED, (de-prest') pp. 1. Pressed or forced down ; 
lowered ; dejected ; dispirited ; sad ; humbled ; sunk ; 
rendered languid. — 2. In botany, a depressed leaf is hol- 
low in the middle, or has the disk more depressed than 
the sides. 

DE-PRESS'ING, ppr. Pressing down ; lowering in place ; 
letting fall ; sinking ; dejecting ; abasing ; impoverish- 
ing ; rendering languid. 

DE-PRES'SION, 77. 1. The act of pressing down; or the 
state of being pressed down ; a low state. 2. A hollow ; 
a sinking or falling in of a surface ; or a forcing inwards. 
3. The act of humbling ; abasement. 4. A sinking of the 
spirits ; dejection ; a state of sadness ; want of courage or 
animation. 5. A low state of strength ; a state of body 
succeeding debility in the formation of disease. 6. A low 
state of business or of property. 7. The sinking of the 
polar star towards the horizon, as a person recedes from 
the pole towards the equator. Also, the distance of a star 
from the horizon below. — 8. In algebra, the depression of 
an equation is the bringing of it into lower and more sim- 
ple terms by division. 

DE-PRESS'IVE, a. Able or tending to depress or cast down. 

DE-PRESS'OR, 77. 1. Hr that presses down ; an oppres- 

sor. — 2. In anatomy, a muscle that depresses or draws 
down the part to which it is attached. 

DEP'Rl-MENT, n. An epithet applied to one of the straight 
muscles that move the globe of the eye. 

DE-PRIV'A-BLE, a. That may be deprived. 

DEP-RI-Va'TION, 77. I. The act of depriving; a taking 
away. 2. A state of being deprived; loss; want; be- 
reavement by loss of friends or of goods. — 3. In law, the 
act of divesting a bishop or other clergyman of his spirit- 
ual promotion or dignity ; the taking away of a prefer- 
ment ; deposition. 

DE-PRI'/E', V. t. [L. de and privo.] 1. To take from ; to 
bereave of something possessed or enjoyed. 2. To hinder 
from possessing or enjoying ; to debar. 3. To free or re- 
lease from. 4. To divest of an ecclesiastical preferment, 
dignity or office ; to divest of orders. 

DE-PRiV'ED, (de-privd') PJ7. Bereft ; divested ; hindered; 
stripped of office or dignity ; deposed ; degraded. 

DE-PRIVE'MENT, n. The state of losing or being depriv- 
ed. 

DE-PRiV'ER, 77. Pie or that which deprives or bereaves. 

DE-PRiVMNG, ppr. Bereaving ; taking away what is pos^ 
sessed ; divesting ; hindering from enjoying ; deposing. 

DEPTH, 77. 1. Deepness ; the distance or measure of a thing 
from the surface to the bottom, or to the extreme part 
downwards or inwards. 2. A deep place. 3. The sea, 
the ocean. 4. The abyss ; a gulf of infinite profundity. 

5. The middle or height of a season, as the depth of win- 
ter ; or the middle, the darkest or stillest part, as the depth 
of night ; or the inner part, a part remote from the border 
as the depth of a wood. 6. Abstruseness ; obscurity; that 
which is not easily explored. 7. Unsearchableness ; in- 
finity. 8. The breadth and depth of the love of Christ are 
its vast extent. 9. Profoundness ; extent of penetration, 
or of the capacity of penetrating. — 10. The depth of a 
squadron or battalion is the number of men in a file, 
which forms the extent from the front to the rear. — 11, 
Depth of a sail, the extent of the square sails from the 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BULL, UNITE. — C as K ; 0 as J ; $ as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete-, 


DER 


238 DER 


head-rope to the foot-rope, or the length of the after-leech 
of a stay-sail or a boom-sail, 
t DEPTH! EiV, V, t. To deepen. Diet, 
f DE-PO CE-JiATE, v. t. To deflour j to bereave of virginity. 
I DE-PULSE , V. t. To drive away. Cockcram. 
DE-PUL'SION, n. [L. depulsio.] A driving or thrusting 
away. See Repulsion. 

DE-PUL'SO-RV, a. Driving or thrusting away ; averting. 
DEFU-RATE, v. t. [Fr. depurer.] To purify ; to free from 
impurities, heterogeneous matter or feculence. 
DEP'U-RATE, a. Cleansed j pure j not contaminated. 
Olanvillc. 

DEP'U-RA-TED, pp. Purified from heterogeneous matter, 
or from impurities. E, Stiles. 

DEP U-R A- I’ING, ppr. Purifying ; freeing from impurities. 
DEP-U-Ra'TJON, n. 1. The act of purifying or freeing flu- 
ids from heterogeneous matter. 2. The cleansing of a 
wound from impure matter. 

DEP'U-RA-TO-RiT, a. Cleansing ; purifying j or tending to 
purify. Sydenham. 
t DE-PORE', V. t. To depurate. 

DEP-U-Ta'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of appointing a sub- 
stitute or representative to act for another ; the act of 
appointing and sending a deputy or substitute to transact 
business for another, as his agent. 2. A special commis- 
sion or authority to act as the substitute of another . 3. The 
person deputed ; the person or persons authorized and 
sent to transact business for another. 

DE-POTE', V. t. [Fr. dcputcr.] To appoint as a substitute 
or agent to act for another 5 to appoint and send with a 
special commission or authority to transact business in 
another’s name. 

DE-PuT'ED, pp. Appointed as a substitute ; appointed and 
sent with special authority to act for another. 
DE-POT'ING, ppr. Appointing as a substitute j appointing 
and sending with a special commission to trans*act busi- 
ness for another. 

DEP'U-TiZE, V. t. To appoint a deputy; to empower to 
act for another, as a sheriff. 

DEP'U-Tlf , n. [Fr. depute.] 1. A person appointed or elected 
to act for another, especially a person sent with a special 
conimission to act in the place of another ; a lieutenant ; a 
viceroy. — 2. In law, one that exercises an office in ano- 
ther’s right, and the forfeiture or misdemeanor of such dep- 
uty shall cause the person he represents to lose his office. 
DEFU-TY-GOL-LEGT'OR, n. A person appointed to 
perform the duties of a collector of the customs, in place 
of the collector. 

DEP'U-TY-MAR'SIIAL, n. One appointed to act in the 
place of the marshal. 

DEF'U-T Y-PoST'-MAS-TER, n. A person who is appoint- 
ed to act as post-master, in subordination to the post-mas- 
ter-general. 

DEP'U-TY-SHER!IFF, ) n. A person deputed or authorized 
DEP'U-TY-SHER'IF, | to perform the duties of the 
sheriff, as his substitute. In like manner, we use deputy- 
commissary, deputy pay-master, &c. 
j DE-Q,UAN'TI-TATE, v.t. To diminish the quantity of. 
Brown. 

DER, prefixed to names of places, may be from Sax. deor, 
a wild beast, or from dur, water. 

DE-RAC'I-NATE, v. t. [Fr. deraciner.] To pluck up by 
the roots ; to extirpate. [Little used.] Shak. 
DE-RAC'I-NA-TED, pp. Plucked up by the roots; extir- 
pated. 

DE-RAC'I-NA-TIiVG, ppr. Tearing up by the roots ; extir- 
pating. 

t DE-RaIGN', I V. t. [Norm, derener, dereigner.] To prove ; 
fDE-RAIN', i to justify; to vindicate, as an asser- 
tion ; to clear one’s self. 

DE-RAIGN'MENT, \ n. The act of deraigning ; proof ; jus- 
DE-RAIiV'MENT, j tification. 

DE-RaN 6E', V. t. [Fr. deranger.] 1. To put out of order ; to 
disturb the regular order of; to throw into confusion. 
Burke. Lavoisier Tran. 2. To embarrass; to disorder. 
3. To disorder the intellect ; to disturb the regular opera- 
tions of reason. 4. To remove from place or office, as the 
personal staff of a principal military officer. W. H. Sumner. 
DE-RaNG'ED, (de-ra)ijd') pp. Put out of order; disturbed ; 
embarrassed ; confused ; disordered in mind ; delirious ; 
distracted. 

DE-RaNGE'MENT, n. 1. A putting out of order; dis- 
turbance of regularity or regular course ; ombarrassment. 
Washington. 2. Disorder of the intellect or reason ; deli- 
rium ; insanity. Paley. 

DE-RaNG'ING, pp\ 1. Putting out of order ; disturbing 
regularity or regular course ; embarrassment ; confusion. 
Hamilton. 2. Disordering the rational powers, 
f DE-RaY-', V. t. Tumult; disorder; merriment. 
j-DKllE, a. Hurtful. 

I DeRE, V. t. [Sax. derian.] To hurt. 

DER'E-LIGT, a. [L. dcrelictiis.] Left ; abandoned. 
DER'E-LIGT, n. 1. In laic, an article of goods, or any 
commodity, thrown away, relinquished or abandoned by 


the owner. 2. A tract of land left dry by the sea, and fit 
for cultivation or use. 

DER-E-LIG'TION, n. [L. derelictio.] 1. The act of leav- 
ing with an intention not to reclaim , an utter forsaking ; 
abandonment. 2. The state of being left or abandoned. 
3. A leaving or receding from. 

DE-RIDE', V. t. [L. derideo.] To laugh at in contempt ; to 
turn to ridicule or make sport of ; to mock ; to treat with 
scorn by laughter. 

DE-RID'ED, pp. Laughed at in contempt ; mocked ; ridi- 
culed. 

DE-RID'ER, n. 1. One wiio laughs at another in contempt ; 
a mocker ; a scoffer. 2. A droll or buffoon. 

DE-RID'ING, ppr. Laughing at with contempt ; mocking ; 
ridiculing. 

DE-RID'ING-LY, adv. By way of derision or mockery. 

DE-RI'SION, n. [L. derisio.] 1. The act of laughing at in 
contempt. 2. Contempt manifested by laughter ; scorn. 
3. An object of derision or contempt ; a laughing-stock. 

DE-RI'SIVE, a. Contaming derision; mocking; ridicul- 
ing._ 

DE-Ri SIVE-LY; adv. With mockery or contempt. 

DE-RI'SO-RY, a. Mocking ; ridiculing. Shaftesbury. 

DE-RiV'A-BLE, a. 1. I hat may be derived ; that may be 
drawn or received, as from a source. 2. That may be 
received from ancestors. 3. That may be drawn, as from 
premises ; deducible. 4. That may be drawn from a rad- 
ical word. 

DER'I-VATE, 71. [L. derivatus.] A word derived from 
another. Stuart. 

DER-I-Va'TION, a. [li. derivatio.] 1. The act of deriving, 
drawing or receiving from a source. — 2. In grammar, the 
drawing or tracing of a word from its root or original. 3. 
A drawing from, or turning aside from, a natural course 
or channel. 4. A drawing of humors from one part of the 
body to another. 5. 'I'he thing derived or deduced. 
Glanville. 

DE-RIV'A-TIVE, a. 1. Derived; taken or having pro- 
ceeded from another or something preceding ; secondary. 
— 2. A derivative chord, in music, is one derived from a 
fundamental chord. 

DE-RIV'A-TIVE, n. 1. That which is derived; a word 
which takes its origin in another word, or is formed from 
it. — 2. In music, a chord not fundamental. 

DE-RIV'A-TIVE-LY, adv. In a derivative manner; by 
derivation. 

DE-RIV^E', V. t. [L. derivo.] 1. To draw from, as in a reg- 
ular course or channel ; to receive from a source by a reg- 
ular conveyance. 2. To draw or receive, as from a 
source or origin. 3. To deduce or draw, as from a root, 
or primitive word. 4. To turn from its natural course ; 
to divert. 5. To communicate from one to another by de- 
scent. 6. To spread in various directions ; to cause to 
flow. 

DE-RIVE', V. i. To come or proceed from. [JVbt common.] 

DE-RiV'ED, (de-rivd') pp. Drawn, as from a source; de- 
duced ; received ; regularly conveyed ; descended ; com- 
municated ; transmitted. 

DE-RIV'ER, n. One who derives, or draws from a source. 

DE-RiV'IN(t, ppr. Drawing; receiving; deducing; com- 
municating ; diverting or turning into another channel. 

DERM'AL, a. [Gr. ht^pa.] Pertaining to skin ; consisting 
of skin. Fleming. 

DERM'OID, a. [Gr. ^eppa and Pertaining to the 

skin ; a medical term. 

t DERN, a. [Sax. dearn.] Solitary ; sad ; cruel. 

t DERN'FUL, a. Sad ; mournful. 

* DER-NIeR!, a. [Fr.] Last ; final ; ultimate ; as, the dernier 
resort. 

t DERN'LY, adv. Sadly ; mournfully. More. 

DER'O-GATE, V. t. [L. dcrogo.] 1. To repeal, annul or 
destroy the force and effect of some part of a law or estab- 
lished rule ; to lessen the extent of a law ; [little used.] 
2. To lessen the wortli of a j>erson or thing ; to disparage. 

DER'O-GATE, v.i. 1. To take away ; to detract ; to lessen 
by taking away a part. 2. To act beneath one’s rank, 
place or birth. [Unusual.] 

DER'O-GA-TED, pp. Diminished in value ; degraded ; dam- 
aged. [Shakspeare uses derogate in this sense.] 

DER'O-G ATE-LY, adv. In a manner to lessen or take 
from. 

DER'O-GA-TING, ppr. Annulling a part ; lessening by 
taking from. 

DER-O-Ga'TION, 71. The act of annulling or revoking a 
law, or some part of it. More generally, the act of taking 
away or destroying the value or effect of any thing, or of 
limiting its extent, or of restraining its operation. 2. The 
act of taking something from merit, reputation or honor; 
a lessening of value or estimation ; detraction ; dispar- 
agement. 

DE-ROG'A-TIVE, a. Derogatory. [The latter is mostly 
used.] 

DE-ROG'A-TO-RI-LY, adv. In a detracting manner. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, t), Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PR£Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


DES 


DES 239 


DE-ROG'A-TO-RI-NESS, n. The quality of being deroga- 
tory. 

DE-ROG'A-TO-RY, a. Detracting or tending to lessen by 
taking something from j that lessens the extent, effect or 
value. 

fDER'RING, a. Daring. Spenser, 

DER'VIS, 71. [Persian.] A Turkish priest or monk, who 
professes extreme poverty, and leads an austere life. 

DES' ART. See Desert. 

DES'GANT, 71. [Sp. discante,'] 1. A song or tune composed 
in parts. 2. A song or tune with various modulations. 
3. A discourse ; discussion ; disputation ; animadversion, 
comment, or a series of comments. 4. The art of compos- 
ing music in several parts. Descant is plain, figurative 
and double. 

DES-GANT', V. i. 1. To run a division or variety with the 
voice, on a musical ground in true measure ; to sing. 2. 
To discourse ; to comment ; to make a variety of remarks j 
to animadvert freely. 

DES-GANT'ING,p/> 7-. Singing in parts or with various mod- 
ulations ; discoursing freely ; commenting. 

DES-GAXT'ING, n. Remark ; conjecture. Burnet. 

DE-SGEND', V. i. [L. descendo.] 1. To move or pass from 
a higher to a lower place ; to move, come or go down- 
wards ; to fall ; to sink ; to run or flow down. 2. To go 
down, or to enter. 3. To come suddenly ; to fall violent- 
ly. 4. To go in ; to enter. 5. To rush ; to invade, as an 
enemy. 6. To proceed from a source or original 5 to be 
derived. 7. To proceed, as from father to son ; to pass 
from a preceding possessor, in the order of lineage, or ac- 
cording to the laws of succession or inheritance. 8. To 
pass from general to particular considerations. 9. To come 
down from an elevated or honorable station. — 10. In music, 
to fall in sounds to pass from any note to another less 
acute or shrill, or from sharp to flat. 

DE-SCEXD', V. t. To walk, move or pass downwards on a 
declivity. 

DE-SCEND'ANT, 71. [Fr. descendant.] Any person pro- 
ceeding from an ancestor in any degree j issue j offspring, 
in the line of generation. 

DE-SCEND'ENT, a. 1. Descending; falling; sinking. 2. 
Proceeding from an original or ancestor. 

DE-SCEND-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being descendi- 
ble, or capable of being transmitted from ancestors. 
Blackstone. 

DE-SCEND'I-BLE, a. 1. That may be descended, or passed 
down. 2. That may descend from an ancestor to an heir. 

DE-SCEN'SIOX, n. [L. descensio.] 1. The act of going 
downwards; descent; a falling or sinking; declension; 
degradation. — ^2. In astronomy, right descension is an arch 
of the equinoctial, intercepted between the next equinoc- 
tial point and the intersection of the meridian, passing 
through the centre of the object, at its setting, in a right 
sphere. 

DE-SCEN'SION-AL, a. Pertaining to descent. 

DE-SCEX'SIVE, a. Tending downwards ; having power to 
descend. Sherwood. 

DE-SCEXT', n. [Fr. descente ; L. descensus.] 1. The act 
of descending ; the act of passing from a higher to a lower 
place, by any form of motion, as by walking, riding, roll- 
ing, sliding, sinking or falling. 2. Inclination down- 
ward ; obliquity ; slope ; declivity. 3. Progress down- 
ward ; as, the descent from Jiigher to lower orders of be- 
ings. 4. Fall from a higher to a lower state or station. 
.5. A landing from ships ; invasion of troops from the sea. 
6. A passing from an ancestor to an heir ; transmission by 
succession or inheritance. 7. A proceeding from an orig- 
inal or progenitor. 8. Birth ; extraction ; lineage. 9. A 
generation ; a single degree in the scale of genealogy ; 
distance from the common ancestor. 10. Offspring ; is- 
sue ; descendants. 11. A rank in the scale of subordina- 
tion. 12. Lowest place. — 13. In music, a passing from a 
note or sound to one more grave or less acute. 

DE-SGRTB'A-BLE, a. That may be described ; capable of 
descri[)tion. 

DE-SGRTBE', v. t. [L. describo.] 1. To delineate or mark 
the form or figure. 2. To make or exhibit a figure by mo- 
tion. 3. To show or represent to others in words ; to com- 
municate the resemblance of a thing, by naming its na- 
ture, form or properties. 4. To represent by signs. 5. 
To draw a plan ; to represent by lines and other marks on 
paper, or other material. 6. To define laxly. 

DE-SGRTB'ED, (de-skribd') pp. Represented in form by 
marks or figures ; delineated ; represented by words or 
signs. 

DE-?GRIB'ER, n. One who describes by marks, words or 
signs. 

DE-SGRTB'IXG, ppr. Representing the form or figure of, by 
lines or marks ; communicating a view of, by words or 
signs, or by naming the nature and properties. 

DE-?GRi'ED, (de-skride') pp. Espied ; discovered ; seen. 

DE-SGRT'ER, n. One who espies, or discovers ; a discover- 
er ; a detector. Crashaw. 

DE-SGRIP'TION, n. [L. descriptio.] 1. The act of deline- 


ating, or representing the figure of any thing by a pTan, 
be presented to the eye. 2. The figure or appearance of 
any thing delineated, or represented by visible line4^ 
marks, colors, <fec. 3. The act of representing a thing by 
words or by signs, or the passage containing such repre- 
sentation ; a representation of names, nature or properties, 
that gives to another a view of the thing. 4. A definition, 
5. The qualities expiessed in a representation. 6. The 
persons having the qtialities expressed ; a class of persons 
to whom a description is applicable. Scott. 

DE-SGRIFTIVE, a. Gontaining description ; tending to de- 
scribe ; liaving the quality of representing. 

t DE-SGRiVE', V. t. [It. descrivcre.] To describe. 

DE-SGRY', V. t. [Norm, descrier or discriver,] 1. To espy; 
to explore ; to examine by observation. 2. To detect ; to 
find out ; to discover any thing concealed. 3. To see ; to 
behold ; to have a sight of from a distance. 4. To give 
notice of something suddenly discovered ; [not in use.] 
Hall. 

DE-SGRY” , n. Discovery ; thing discovered. [Unusual.] 

DE-SGRY'IXG, ppr. Discovering ; espying. ' 

|DES'E-GATE, v.t. To cut off; to cut away; to mow. 
Cocker am. 

DES'E-GRATE, r. #. [h. desecro.] I . To divert from a sa- 
cred purpose or appropriation ; opposed to consecrate. 2. 
To divest of a sacred character or office. 

DES'E-GRA-TED, pp. Diverted from a sacred purpose or 
appropriation ; divested of a sacred character or office. 

DES'E-GRA-TING, ppr. Diverting from a purpose to which 
a thing is consecrated ; divested of a sacred character or 
office. 

DES-E-GRa'TION, 11 . The act of diverting from a sacred 
purpose or use to which a thing had been devoted ; the 
act of diverting from a sacred character or office. 

DES'ERT, a. [L. desertus.] 1. Literally, forsaken ; hence, 
uninhabited. Hence, wild ; untilled ; waste ; uncultivat- 
ed. 2. Void ; empty ; unoccunied. 

DES'ERT, 77. [L. desert um.] An uninhabited tract of land ; 
a region in its natural state ; a wilderness ; a solitude ; 
particularly, a vast sandy plain. 

DE-SERT', V. t. [Fr. deserter.] I. To forsake f to leave ut- 
terly ; to abandon ; to quit with a view not to return to. 
2. To leave, without permission, a military band, or a 
ship, in which one is enlisted ; to forsake the service in 
which one is engaged, in violation of duty. 

DE-SERT', V. i. To run away ; to quit a service without 
permission. 

DE-SERT', 77. 1 . A deserving ; that which gives a right to re- 
ward or demands, or which renders liable to punishment ; 
merit or demerit ; that which entitk's to a recompense of 
equal value, or demands a punishment equal to the of- 
fense ; good conferred, or evil done, which merits an 
equivalent return. 2. I’hat which is deserved ; reward or 
punishment merited. 

DE-JSERT'ED, pp. Wholly forsaken ; abandoned ; left. 

DE-SERT'ER, n. A person who forsakes his cause, his 
post, or his party or friend ; particularly, a soldier or sea- 
man who quits the service without permission, and in vi- 
olation of his engagement. 

DE-SERT'FIJL, a. High in desert ; meritorious. 

DE-i?ERT'IXG, ppr. Forsaking utterly ; abandoning. 

DE-SER'TIOX, 77. 1. The act of forsaking or abandoning, 
as a party, a friend, a country, an army or military band, 
or a ship ; the act of quitting, with an intention not to re- 
turn. 2. The state of being forsaken by God; spiritual 
despondency. 

DE-?ERT'LESS, a. Without merit or claim to favor or re- 
ward. Dry den. 

DE-SERT'LESS-LY, adv. Undeservedly. Beaumont. 

DE SERT'RIX^’ I A female who deserts. Milton. 

DE-SERVE', (de-zerv') v.t. [L. deservio.] 1. To merit; 
to be worthy of ; applied to good or evil. 2. To merit by 
labor or services ; to have a just claim to an equivalent for 
good conferred. 3. To merit by good actions or qualities 
in general ; to be worthy of, on account of excellence. 
4. To be worthy of, in a bad sense ; to merit by an evil 
act. 

DE-SERVE', V. i. To merit ; to be worthy of or deserving. 

DE-SERV'ED, (de-zervd') pp. Merited ; w’orthy of. 

DE-SERV'ED-LY, adv. Justly ; according to desert, wheth- 
er of good or evil. 

DE-SERV'ER, n. He who deserves or merits; one who is 
worthy of. 

DE-SERV'ING, ppr. 1. Meriting ; having a just claim to re- 
ward ; justly meriting punishment. 2. a. Worthy of re- 
ward or praise ; meritorious ; possessed of good qualities 
that entitle to approbation. 

DE-SERV'IXG, 77. The act of meriting ; desert ; merit. 

LE-SERV'IXG-LY, adn. Meritoriously; with just desert. 

DESH-A-BILLE', ) , i n. [Fr.] An undress ; a 

DESH-A-BIL', \ on ; ^ loose morning dress ; 

hence, any home dress. 

DE-SIG GANT, a. Drying. 


* See Syyiopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— G as K ; G as J ; $ as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


DES 


DES “MO 


t)E-SIC'CANT, n. A medicine or application that dries a 
sore. Wiseman. 

* DES'ie-€ATE, or DE-SI€'€ATE, v. t. [L. defricco.] To 
dry ; to exhale or remove moisture from. 

DES'l€-CATE, V. i. To become dry. Hale. 

* DESM€-€ A-TED, pp. Dried. 

* DES'I€-€A-TING, ppr. Drying ; exhausting moisture. 

DES-I€J-€a'TION, n. The act of making dry 3 the state of 

being dried. Bacon. 

DE-SlC'GA-TfVE, a. Drying j tending to dry 3 that has the 
power to dry. 

DE-SI€'CA-TIVE, n. A dryer j that which has the quality 
of absorbing moisture. 

t DE-SID'ER-ATE, v. t. To want ; to miss. 

DE-SID-ER-a'TUM, n. ; plu desiderata. [L.] That which 
is desired 5 that which is not possessed, but which is de- 
sirable ; any perfection or improvement which is wanted. 

t DE-SID-I-oSE', a. [L. desidiosas.'] Idle ; lazy 3 heavy. 
DE-SIGN^, (de-sine') v. t. [L. designo.'] 1 . To delineate 
a form or figure by drawing the outline ; to sketch. 2 . To 
plan 3 to form an outline or representation of any thing. 

3 . To project 5 to form in idea, as a scheme 4 . To pur- 
pose or intend. 5 . To mark out by tokens ; [not used.'\ 
Locke. 6. To intend to apply or appropriate 3 with /or. 

'f'DE-SiGN', n. [Fr. dessein.] 1 . A plan or representation of 
a thing by an outline 3 sketch 3 general view 3 first idea 
represented by visible lines. 2 . A scheme or plan in the 
mind. 3 . Purpose 3 intention 3 aim 3 implying a scheme 
or plan in the mind. 4 . The idea or scheme intended to 
be expressed by an artist. — 5 . In manufactories, the fignres 
with which workmen enrich their stuffs, copied from 
painting or draughts. — 6. In music, the invention and 
conduct of the subject 3 the disposition of every part, and 
the general order of the whole. 

*DE-felGN'A-BLE, a. 1 . Capable of being designed or 
marked out. 2 . Distinguishable. 

DES'IG-NATE, v. t. [L. designo.] 1 . To mark out or show, 
so as to make known 3 to indicate by visible lines, marks, 
description or something known and determinate. 2 . To 
point out 3 to distinguish from others by indication. 3 . To 
appoint 3 to select or distinguish for a particular purpose 3 
to assign, with /or. 

DES'IG-NATE, a. Appointed 3 marked out. [Little used.] 

DES' IG-N A-TED, pp. Marked out 3 indicated 3 shown 3 
pointed out 3 appointed. 

DES'IG-NA-TING,ppr. Marking out 3 indicating 3 pointing 
out 5 appointing. 

DES-IG-Na'TION, n. 1 . The act of pointing or marking 
out by signs or objects. 2 . Indication 3 a showing or 
pointing 3 a distinguishing from others. 3 . Appointment 3 
direction. 4 . Appointment 3 a selecting and appointing 3 
assignment. 5 . Import 3 distinct application. 

DES'IG-NA-TIVE, a. Serving to designate or indicate. 

DES'IG-NA-TOR, n. A Roman officer who assigned to each 
person his rank and place in public shows and ceremo- 
nies. 

*DE-STGN'ED, (de-sInd') pp. Marked out 3 delineated 3 
planned 3 intended. 

* DE-SiGN'ED-LY, adv. By design 3 purposely 3 intention- 
ally. 

* DE-SIGN'ER, 71 . 1 . One who designs, marks out or plans 3 
one who frames a scheme or project 3 a contriver. 2 . One 
who plots 3 one who lays a scheme 3 in an ill sense. 

t DE-SIGN'FUL-NESS, n. Abundance of design. Barrow. 

■*DE-SIGN'ING, ppr. 1 . Forming a design 3 planning 3 de- 
lineating the outline ; drawing figures on a plane. — 2. a. 
In an ill sense, artful 3 insidious 3 intriguing 3 contriving 
schemes of mischief 3 hence, deceitful. 

* DE-STGN'ING, n. The art of delineating objects. 

* DE-SIGN'LESS, a. Without design or intention 3 inadvert- 
ent. 

DE-SiGN LESS-LY, adv. Without design 3 inadvertently 3 
ignorantly. 

*DE-SIGN'MENT, 71 . 1 . Design 3 sketch 3 delineation. 2 . 
Design ; purpose 3 aim 3 intent 3 scheme. Shak. 

DES'I-NENCE, n. [L. desino.] End ; close. Hall. 

DES'I-NENT, a. Ending 3 extreme 3 Imvermost. 

DE-SIFI-ENT, a. [L. desipiens.] Trifling 3 foolish 3 play- 
ful. 

DE-SIR'A-BLE, a. 1 . Worthy of desire 5 that is to be wish- 
ed for with sincerity or earnestness. 2 . Pleasing 3 agree- • 
able. 

DE-SIR' A-BLE-NESS^ n. The quality of being desirable. 
Goodman^ 

DE-SIRE', n. [Fr. desir.] 1 . An emotion or excitement of 
the mind, directed to the attainment or possession of an ob- 
ject from which pleasure, sensual, intellectual or spiritu- 
al, is expected 3 a passion excited by the love of an object, 
or uneasiness at the want of it, and directed to its attain- 
ment or possession. 2 . A prayer or request to obtain. 3 . 
The object of desire 3 that which is desired. 4 . Love ; af- 
fection. 5 . Appetite 5 lust. 

DE-SIRE', V. t. [Fr. desirer.] 1 . To wish for the possession 
or enjoyment of, with a greater or less degree of earnest- 


ness 3 to covet. 2 . To express a wish to obtain 3 to ask j 
to request 3 to petition. 3 . To require 3 [not in use j 
Spenser. 

DE-SIR'ED, (de-zird') pp. Wished for 3 coveted 3 requested 5 
entreated. 

DE-SiRE'LESS, a. Free from desire. Donne. 

DE-SIR'ER, n. One who desires or asks 3 one who wishes. 

DE-SIR'ING, ppr. Wishing for 3 coveting 3 asking 3 express- 
ing a wish 3 soliciting. 

DE-.^IR'OUS, a. Wishing for 3 wishing to obtain 3 coveting 3 
solicitpus to possess and enjoy 3 as. Be not desirous of his 
dainties. Prov. xxiii. Jesus knew they were desirous to 
ask him. John, xvi. 

DE-SIR'OUS-LY, adv. With desire 3 with earnest wishes. 

DE-SIR'OUS-NESS, n. The state or affection of being desir- 
ous. 

DE-SIST', V. i. [L. de&isto.] To stop 3 to cease to act or pro- 
ceed 3 to forbear. 

DE-SIST'ANCE, n. A ceasing to act 3 a stopping. 

. Ceasing to act or proceed. 

z. [L. desitus.] Final 3 conclusive. 

X. desitus.] End. 

DESK, 71 . [D. disch ; Sax. disc.] 1 . An inclining table for 
the use of writers and readers. 2 . The pulpit in a church 3 
vend, figuratively, the clerical profession. 

DESK, V. t. To shut up in a desk 3 to treasure. Hall. 

DES MINE, 71 . A mineral that crystalizes in little silken 
tufts. 

DES'O-LATE, a. [L. desolatus.] 1 . Destitute or deprived 
of inhabitants 3 desert 3 uninhabited 3 denoting either 
stripped of inhabitants, or never having been inhabited. 
2 . Laid waste 3 in a ruinous condition 3 neglected 5 de- 
stroyed. 3 . Solitary 3 without a companion 3 afflicted. 
4 . Deserted of God 3 deprived of comfort. 

DES'O-LATE, v. t. [L. desolo, desolatus.] 1 . To deprive of 
inhabitants 3 to make desert. 2 . To lay waste ; to ruin 3 
to ravage 5 to destroy improvements or works of art. 

DES'O-LA-TED, pp. Deprived of inhabitants 3 wasted 3 ru- 
ined. 

DES'O-LATE-LY, adv. In a desolate manner. 

DES'O-LA-TER, n. One who lays waste or desolates 3 that 
which desolates. 

DES'O-LA-TING, ppr. Depriving of inhabitants 3 wasting 3 
ravaging. 

DES-O-La'TION, 71 . 1 . The act of desolating 3 destruction 
or expulsion of inhabitants 5 destruction 3 ruin 3 waste. 
2 . A place deprived of inhabitants, or otherwise wasted, 
ravaged and ruined. 3 . A desolate state 3 gloominess; 
sadness 3 destitution. 

DES'O-LA-TO-RY, a. Causing desolation. 

DE-SPaIR', 71 . [Fr. desespoir.] 1 . Hopelessness 3 a hope- 
less state 5 a destitution of hope or expectation. 2 . That 
which causes despair 3 that of which there is no hope. 3 . 
Loss of hope in the mercy of God. 

DE-SPaIR', v. i. [Fr. desesperer.] To be without hope 3 to 
give up all hope or expectation. 

t DE-SPa 1 R', v. t. To cause to despair. Sir R. Williams. 

[DE-SPaIR A-BLE, a. Unhopeful. 

DE-SPaIR'ER, n. One without hope. Dryden. 

DE-SPaIR'FTJL, a. Hopeless. Sidney. 

DE-SPaIR'ING, ppr. Giving up all hope or expectation. 

DE-SPaIR'ING-LY, adv. In a despairing manner 3 in a 
manner indicating hopelessness. 

DE-SPATCH'. See Dispatch. 

DE-SPE€'TI 0 N, 71 . [L. despectio.] A looking down 3 a 
despising. [Little used.] 

DES-PE-Ra'DO, n. [from desperate.] A desperate fellow ; 
a furious man ; a madman 3 a person urged by furious 
passions 3 one fearless, or regardless of safety. 

DES'PE-RATE, a. [Jj, desperatus.] 1 . Without hope. 2 . 
Without care of safety 3 rash 3 fearless of danger. 3 . Fu- 
rious, as a man in despair. 4 . Hopeless ; despaired of ; 
lost beyond hope of recovery 3 irretrievable ; irrecovera- 
ble 3 forlorn. — 5 . In ^popular sense, great in the extreme. 
Pope. 

DES'PE-RATE-LY, adv. 1 . In a desperate manner, as in 
despair 3 hence, furiously 3 with rage 3 madly 3 without 
regard to danger or safety. — 2 . In a popular sense, great- 
ly ; extremely 3 violently. 

DES'PE-RATE-NESS, n. Madness 3 fury 3 rash precipi- 
tance. 

DES-PE-Ra'TION, 71 . 1 . A despairing ; a giving up of 
hope. 2 . Hopelessness 3 despair. 3 . Fury 3 rage 3 disre- 
gard of safety or danger. 

DES'PI-CA-BLE, a. [Low L. despicabilis.] That may be or 
deserves to be despised 3 contemptible 3 mean 3 vile ; 
worthless. 

DES'PI-CA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 
despicable ; meanness ; vileness ; worthlessness. 

DES'PI-CA-BLY, adv. Meanly 3 vilely ; contemptibly. 

DES-Pi"CIEN-CY, 71 . [L. despicio.] A looking down 3 a 
despising. Mede. [Little W5cd.] 

DE-SPIS'A-BLE, a. Despicable ; contemptible. 


DE-SIST'ING, ppr 
tDES'I-TIVE, I 
t DE-SIS'TIVE, \ ^ 
DE-SI"TION, 71 . [ 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3— f Obsolete. 


DES 


241 


DET 


t DE-SPIS/AL, n. Contempt. 

DE-SPISE', V. t. 1 . To contemn ; to scorn ; to disdain ; to 
have the lowest opinion of. 2 . To ablior. Shak. 

DE-SPIS^ED, (de-splzd') pp. Contemned j disdained j abhor- 
red. 

DE-SPIS/ED-NESS, n. The state of being despised. 

DE-SPIS'ER, n. A contemner ; a scorner. 

DE-SPIS'ING, ppr. Contemning j scorning ; disdaining. 

DE-SPlS'ING, n. Contempt. 

DE-SPIS'ING-LY, adc. With contempt. 

DE-SPITE', n. [Fr. d^pit ; Norm, despite.] 1 . Extreme 
malice ; violent hatred ; malignity ; malice irritated or en- 
raged ; active malignity ; angry liatred. 2 . Defiance with 
contempt, or contempt of opposition. 3 . An act of malice 
or contempt. 

DE-SPiTE', V. t. To vex ; to offend ; to tease. Raleigh. 

DE-SPITE'FTJL, a. Full of spite ; malicious ; malignant. 

DE-SPITE'FUL-LY, ado. With despite ; maliciously j con- 
temptuously. 

DE-SPlTE'FUL-NESS, n. Malice ; extreme hatred j malig- 
nity. 

f DES-PIT'E-OUS, a. Malicious. Milton. 

f DES-PIT'E-OUS-LY, ado. Furiously. Spenser. 

DE-SPOIL', V. t. [L. despolio.] 1 . To strip j to take from 
by force ; to rob ; to deprive ; followed by of. 2 . To strip 
or divest by any means. 

DE-SPOIL'ED, (de-spoild')pp. Stripped j robbed j bereaved 3 
deprived. 

DE-SPOIL'ER, n. One who strips by force ; a plunderer. 

DE-SPOIL'ING, ppr. Depriving ; stripping ; robbing. 

DES-PO-LI-A'TION, n. The act of despoiling 3 a stripping. 

DE-SPOND', V. i. [L. despondeo.] 1 . To be cast down 3 to 
be depressed or dejected in mind 3 to fail in spirits. 2 . To 
lose all courage, spirit or resolution 3 to sink by loss of 
hope. 

DE-SPOND'EN-CY, n. A sinking or dejection of spirits at 
the loss of hope 3 loss of courage at the failure of hope, or 
in deep affliction, or at the prospect of insurmountable 
difficulties. 

DE-SPOND'ENT, a. Losing courage at the loss of hope 3 
sinking into dejection 5 depressed and inactive in despair. 

DE-SPOND'ENT-LY, adv. Without hope. 

DE-SPOND'ER, n. One destitute of hope. 

DE-SPOND ING, ppr. Losing courage to act, in consequence 
of loss of hope, or of deep calamity, or of difficulties deem- 
ed insurmountable 3 sinking into dejection 3 despairing, 
with depression of spirits. 

DE-SPOND'ING-LY, adv. In a desponding manner 3 with 
dejection of spirits 3 despairingly. 

■f DE-SPONS' ATE, v. t. [L. desponso.] To betrotli. 

j DES-PON-Sa'TION, n. A betrothing. 

DES'POT, n. [Gr. SecTroTrjg.] An emperor, king or prince 
invested with absolute power, or ruling without any con- 
trol from men, constitution or laws. Hence, in a general 
sense, a tyrant. 

DES-P 0 T'I€, ) a. 1 . Absolute in power 3 independent 

DES-P 0 T'I-€AL, \ of control from men, constitution or 
laws 3 arbitrary in the exercise of power. 2 . Unlimited 
or unrestrained by constitution, laws or men 3 absolute. 
3 . Tyrannical. 

DES-POT'I-€AL-LY, adv. With unlimited power 3 arbitra- 
rily 3 in a despotic manner. 

DES-POT'I-€AL-NESS, n. Absolute authority. 

DES'POT-ISM, n. [Sp. despotismo.] 1 . Absolute power 3 
authority unlimited and uncontrolled by men, constitution 
or laws, and depending alone on the will of the prince. 2. 
An arbitrary government, as that of Turkey and Persia. 

DES'PU-MATE, v. i. [L. despumo.] To foam 3 to froth 3 to 
form froth or scum. 

DES-PU-Ma'TIOxY, 71 . The act of throwing off excremen- 
titious matter, and forming a froth or scum on the surface 
of liquor 3 clarification 3 scumming. 

DES-CIUA-Ma'TION, n. [1j. desquamo.] A scaling or ex- 
foliation of bone 3 the separation of the cuticle in small 
scales. 

t DESS, for desk. Chaucer. Spenser. 

DESS, V. t. 1 . To cut a section of hay from the stack. 2 . 
To lay close together 5 to pile up in order. Grose. 

DES-SERT', (dez-zert') n. [P’r. dessert.] A service of fruits 
and sweetmeats, at the close of an entertainment 3 the 
last course at the table, after the meat is removed. 

DES'TI-NATE, v. t, [L. destino, destinatus.] To design or 
appoint. [Seldom used.] See Destixe. 

DES'TI-NATE, a. Appointed 3 destined 3 determined. 

DES-TI-Na'TION, n. [L. destinatio.] 1 . The act of destin- 
ing, or appointing. 2 . The purpose for which any thing 
is intended or appointed 3 end or ultimate design, 3 . The 
place to which a thing is appointed. 

DES'TINE, V. t. [L. destino.] 1 . To set, ordain or appoint 
to a use, purpose, state or place. 2 . To fix unalterably, 
as by a divine decree. 3 . To doom 3 to devote 3 to ap- 
point unalterably. 

DES'TINED, pp. Ordained 5 appointed by previous deter- 
mination 3 devoted 3 fixed unalterably. 


DES'TIN-ING, ppr. Ordaining 3 appointing. 

DES'TI-NY, 71 . [Fr. destin.] 1. State or condition appointed 
or predetermined 3 ultimate fate. 2 . Invincible necessi- 
ty 3 fate 3 a necessity or fixed order of things established 
by a divine decree. — Destinies, the fates, or supposed 
powers which preside over human life, spin it out and de- 
termine it. 

DES'TI-TUTE, a. [L. destitutus.] 1 . Not having or pos- 
sessing 3 wanting. 2 . Needy 3 abject 3 comfortless 3 
friendless. 

DES'TI-TUTE, n. One who is without friends or comfort. 

t DES'TI-TUTE, v. t. 1 . To forsake. 2 . To deprive. 

DES-TI-Tu'TION, n. Want 3 absence of a thing 3 a state 
in which something is wanted or not possessed 3 poverty. 
Hooker. 

DE-STROY', V. t. [L. destruo.] 1 . To demolish 3 to pull 
down 3 to separate the parts of an edifice, the union of 
which is necessary to constitute the thing. 2 . To ruin 3 
to annihilate a thing by demolishing or by burning. 3 . 
To ruin 3 to bring to naught 3 to annihilate. 4 . To lay 
waste 3 to make desolace. 5 . To kill 3 to slay 3 to extir- 
pate. G. To take away 3 to cause to cease 3 to put an end 
to. 7 . To kill 3 to eat 5 to devour 3 to consume. 8. To 
pu! an end to 3 to annihilate a thing or the form in which 
it exists. — 9 . In chemistry, to resolve a bpdy into its parts 
or clcittonts* 

DE-STROY'A-BLE, a. That may be destroyed. 

DE-STROY"'ED, (de-stroyd') pp. Demolishecl5 pulled down 3 
ruined 3 annihilated 5 devoured 3 swept away, &c. 

DE-STROY'ER, n. One who destroys, or lays waste 3 one 
who kills a man, or an animal, or who ruins a country, 
cities &c. 

DE-STROY'ING, ppr. Demolishing 3 laying waste 3 killing 3 
annihilating 5 putting an end to. 

DE-STROY'ING, n. Destruction. Milton. 

t DE-STRUOT', for destroy, is not used. 

DE-STRU€-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable 
of destruction. 

DE-STRU€'TI-BLE, a. [L. destruo, destr^Lctum.] Liable 
to destruction 3 capable of being destroyed. 

DE-STRU€'TION, n. [L. destructio.] 1 . The act of de- 
stroying 3 demolition 3 a pulling down 3 subversion 3 ruin, 
by whatever means. 2 . Death 3 murder 3 slaughter 3 mas- 
sacre. 3 . Ruin. 4 . Eternal death. 5 . Cause of destruc- 
tion 5 a consuming plague 3 a destroyer. 

DE-STRU€'TIVE, a. Causing destruction 3 having the 
quality of destroying 3 ruinous 3 mischievous 3 pernicious. 

DE-STRUC'TIVE-LY, ado. With destruction 3 ruinously 3 
mischievously 3 with power to destroy. 

DE-STRU€'TIVE-NESS, n. The quality of destroying or 
ruining. 

t DE-STRUC'TOR, n. A destroyer 3 a consumer. 

DES-U-Da'TION, n. [L. desudo.] A sweating 3 a profuse 
or morbid sweating, succeeded by an eruption of pustules, 
called heat-pimples. 

DES'UE-TUDE, (des'swe-tude) n. [L. desuetudo.] The 
cessation of use 3 disuse 3 discontinuance of practice, cus- 
tom or fashion. 

DE-SUL'PHU-RATE, r. f. [L. de, txnd. sulphurate.] To de- 
prive of sulphur. Chemistry. 

DE-SUL'PHU-RA-TED, pp. Deprived of sulphur. 

DE-SUL'PHU-RA-TING, ppr. Depriving of sulphur. 

DE-SUL-PHU-Ra'TION, 71. The act or operation of depriv- 
ing of sulphur. 

* DES'UL-TO-RI-LY, adv. In a desultory manner 3 without 
method 3 loosely. 

DES'UL-TO-RI'-NESS, 71 . A desultory manner 3 uncon- 
nectedness 3 a passing from one thing to another without 
order or method. 

* DES'UL-TO-RY, or DES-UL-To'RI-OUS, a. [L. desulto- 
rms.] 1 . Leaping 3 passing from one thing or subject to 
another, without order or natural connection 5 unconnect- 
ed 3 immethodical. 2 . Coming suddenly 5 started at the 
moment 3 not proceeding from natural order or connection 
with what precedes. 

fDE-SuME', 75. t. [L. desuvio.] To take from 5 to borrow. 

DE-TACH', 7). t. [Fr. detacher.] 1 . To separate or disunite 5 
to disengage ; to part from. 2 . To separate men from 
their companies or regiments 3 to draw from companies or 
regiments, as a party of men, and send them on a particu- 
lar service. 3 . To select ships from a fleet, and send them 
on a separate service. 

DE-TACH'ED, (de-tacht') pp. 1 . Separated 3 parted from; 
disunited 3 drawn and sent on a separate service. 2. a. 
Separate. 

DE-TACH'ING, ppr. Separating 3 parting from 3 dravying 
and sending on a separate employment. 

DE-TACII'MENT, n. 1. The act of detaching or separat- 
ing. 2 . A body of troops, selected or taken from the main 
army, and employed on some special service or expedi- 
tion. 3 . A number of ships, taken from a fleet, and sent 
on a separate service. 

DE-TaIL', V. t. [Fr. detaillcr.] 1 . To relate, report or nar- 
rate in particulars 3 to recite the particulars of 3 to partic- 


f Obsolete. 


* See Sijnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 3- 

16 


-BULL, UNITE.— € as K 3 G as J ; S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this. 


DET 


242 


DET 


ularize ; to relate minutely and distinctly. 2. To select, 
as an officer or soldier from a division. Law of Mass. 

DE-Ta1L', n. [Fr.] 1. A narration or report of particu- 
lars ; a minute and particular account. 2. A selecting of 
officers or soldiers from the rosters. 

DE-Ta 1L'ED, (de-tald') pp. llelated in particulars; mi- 
nutely recited ; selected. 

DE-TaIL'ER, n. One who details. 

DE-Ta1L'1NG, ppr. 1. Relating minutely ; telling the par- 
ticuljirs. 2. iSelecting from the rosters. / 

DE-'J’aIN', V. t. [L. detineo.'\ 1. To keep back or from ; to 
withhold ; to keep what belongs to another. 2. To keep 
or restrain from proceeding, either going or coming ; to 
stay or stop. 3. To hold in custody. 

DE-TaIN'DER, 71. A writ. See Detinue. 

DE-Ta 1N'ED, (de-tand') pp. Withheld ; kept back ; pre- 
vented from going or coming ; held ; restrained. 

DE-TaIN'ER, 71. 1. One who withholds what belongs to 
another ; one who detains, stops or prevents from going. — 

2. In lawy a holding or keeping possession of what be- 
longs to another ; detention of what is another’s, though 
the original taking may be lawful. 

DE-TAlN'ING,ppr. Withholding what belongs to another; 
holding back ; restraining from going or coming ; holding 
in custody. 

DE-TaIN'MENT, n. The act of detaining ; detention. 

DE-TEGT', V. t. [L. dctego, delectus.] Literally^ to un- 
cover ; hence, to discover ; to find out ; to bring to 
light. 

DE-TEGT'ED, pp. Discovered ; found out ; laid open ; 
brought to light. 

DE-TECT'ER, n. A discoverer ; one who finds out what 
another attempts to conceal. 

DE-TE€T'ING, ppr. Discovering ; finding out. 

DE-TE€'TION, n. 1. The act of detecting; discovery of a 
person or thing attempted to be concealed. 2. Discovery 
of any thing before hidden, or unknown. 

|- DE-TEN'E-BRATE, v. t. [L. de and tenehrcc.] To remove 
darkness. Brown. 

DE-TENT', n. [L. deientus.] A stop in a clock, which, by 
being lifted up or let down, locks and unlocks the clock 
in striking. 

DE-TEN'TION, 71. 1. The act of detaining ; a withholding 
from another his right ; a keeping what belongs to anoth- 
er, and ought to be restored. 2. Confinement ; restraint. 

3. Delay from necessity ; a detaining. 

DE-TER', V. t. [L. detcrreo.] 1. To discourage and stop by 
fear ; to stop or prevent from acting or proceeding, by 
danger, difficulty or other consideration which disheart- 
ens, or countervails the motive for an act. 2. To prevent 
by prohibition or danger. 

DE-TERGE', (de-terj') v. t. [L. detergo.] To cleanse ; to 
purge away foul or offending matter, from the body, or 
from an ulcer. 

DE-TER6'ED, (dederjd') pp. Cleansed; purged. 

DE-TERG'ENT, a. Cleansing ; purging. 

DE-TERCi'ENT, 7?. A medicine that has the power of 
cleansing the vessels or skin from offending matter. 

DE-TERG'ING, ppr. Cleansing ; carrying oflf obstructions 
or foul matter. 

DE-Te'RI-O-RATE, V. i. [Fr. detcriorer.] To grow worse ; 
to be impaired in quality ; to degenerate ; opposed to 
meliorate. 

DE-Te'RI-O-RATE, V. t. To make worse ; to reduce in 
qualjty. Paley. 

DE-Te'RI-O-RA-TED, pp. IMade worse ; impaired in qual- 
ity. 

DE-Te'RI-O-RA-TING, ppr. Becoming worse or inferior 
in quality. 

DE-TE-RI-O-Ra'TION, 71. A growing or making worse ; 
the state of growing worse. 

DE-TE-RI-OR'I-TY, n. Worse state or quality. Ray. 

DE-TER'MENT, n. The act of deterring ; the cause of de- 
terring ; that which deters. Boyle. 

DE-TERM'I-NA-BLE, a. 1. That may be decided with 
certainty. Boyle. 2. That may end or be determined. 

DE-TERM'I-NATE, a. [L. deterndnat'us.] 1. Ijimited ; 
fixed ; definite. 2. Established ; settled ; positive. 3. 
Decisive ; conclusive. 4. Resolved on. 5. Fixed ; reso- 
lute. 

t DE-TERMT-NATE, t. To limit. 

DE-TERM'I-NATE-LY, adv. 1. With certainty. 2. Reso- 
lutely ; with fixed resolve ; [lunisual.] 

DE-TERM'I'^ATE-NESS, n. The state of being determi- 
nate, certain or precise. 

DE-TERM-I-Na'TION, 71. 1. The act of determining or 
deciding. 2. Decision of a question in the mind ; firm 
resolution ; settled purpose. 3. Judicial decision ; tlie 
ending of a controversy or suit by the judgment of a court. 

4. Absolute direction to a certain end. 5. An ending ; 
a putting an end to. 

DE-TERM'I-NA-TiVE, a. 1. That uncontrollably directs 
to a certain end. 2. Limiting ; that limits or bounds. 

DE-TERM'I-NA-TOR, n. One who determines. 


DE-TERM'INE, v. t. [L. determino.] 1. To end ; particu- 
larly, to end by the decision or conclusion of a cause, or 
of a doubtful or controverted point ; applicable to the de- 
cisions of the mind, or to judicial decisions. 2. To end 
and fix ; to settle ultimately. 3. To fix on ; to settle or 
establish. 4. I’o end ; to limit ; to bound ; to confine. 

5. To give a direction to ; to infiuence the choice ; that is, 
to limit to a particular purpose or direction. G. To re- 
solve, that is, to end or settle a point in the mind. 7. To 
destroy ; [not used.] Shak. 8. To put an end to. 9. To 
settle or ascertain, as something uncertain. 

DE-TERM'INE, v. i. 1. To resolve ; to conclude ; to come 
to a decision. 2. To end ; to terminate. 

DE-TERIVFiNED, pp. 1. Ended ; concluded ; decided ; 
limited ; fixed ; settled ; resolved ; directed. 2. a. Hav- 
ing a firm or fixed purpose ; or manifesting a firm resolu- 
tion. 

DE-TERM'IN-ER, n. One who makes a determination. 

DE-TERM'IN-ING, ppr. Ending ; deciding ; fixing ; set- 
tling ; resolving ; limiting ; directing. 

DE-TER-RA'TION, n. [L. de and terra.] The uncovering 
of any thing which is buried or covered with earth ; tak- 
ing from out of the earth. 

DE-TER'RED, (de-terd') pp. Discouraged or prevented 
from proceeding or acting, by fear, difficulty or danger. 

DE-TER'IUNG, ppr. 1. Discouraging or influencing not to 
proceed or act, by fear, difficulty, danger, or prospect of 
evil. 2. a. Discouraging; frightening. 

DE-TER'SION, n. [L. detersus.] The act of cleansing, as a 
sore. 

DE-TER'SIVE, a. (Tt. detersivo.] Cleansing ; having power 
to cleanse from offending matter. 

DE-TER'SIVE, n. A medicine which has the power of 
cleansing ulcers, or carrying off foul matter. 

DE-TEST', V. t. [L. detestor.] To abhor ; to abominate ; to 
hate extremely. 

DE-TEST' A-BLE, a. Extremely hateful ; abominable ; very 
odious ; deserving abhorrence. 

DE-TEST' A-BLE-NESS, n. Extreme hatefulness. 

DE-TEST' A-BLY, adv. Very hatefully ; abominably. 

DET-ES-Ta'TION, n. Extreme hatred ; abhorrence. 

DE-TEST'ED, pp. Hated extremely ; abhorred. 

DE-TEST'ER, n. One who abhors. 

DE-TEST'ING, ppr. Hating extremely ; abhorring ; abom- 
inating._ 

DE-THRoNE', v. t. [Fr. detroner.] 1. To remove or drive 
from a throne ; to depose ; to divest of royal authority and 
dignity. 2. To divest of rule or power, or of supreme 
power. 

DE-THRoN'ED, (de-thrond') pp. Removed from a throne ; 
deposed • 

DE-THRoNE'MENT, n. Removal from a throne ; deposi- 
tion of a king, emperor or prince. 

DE-THRoN'ER, n. One who dethrones. 

DE-THRoN'ING, ppr. Driving from a throne ; depriving 
of regal power. 

t DE-THRoN'iZE, r. t. To unthrone. Cotgrave. 

*DET'I-NuE, n. [Fr. detenu.] In law, a writ of detinue is 
one that lies against him who wrongfully detains goods or 
chattels delivered to him, or in his possession. 

DET'O-NATE, v. t. [L. detono.] In chemistry, to cause to 
explode ; to burn or inflame with a sudden report. 

DET'O-NATE, v. i. To explode ; to burn with a sudden 
report. Nitre detonates with sulphur. 

DET'O-NA-TED, pp. Exploded ; burnt with explosion. 

DET'O-NA-TING, ppr. Exploding ; inflaming with a sud- 
den report. 

DET-O-Na'TTON, n. An explosion or sudden report made 
by the inflammation of certain combustible bodies, as ful- 
minating gold. 

DET-O-NI-Za'TION, n. The act of exploding, as certain 
combustible bodies. 

DET'O-NIZE, V. t. To cause to explode ; to burn with an 
explosiim ; to calcine with detonation. 

DET'O-NiZE, V. i. To explode; to burn with a sudden 
report. 

DET'O-NTZED, pp. Exploded, as a combustible body. 

DET'O-NTZ-ING, ppr. Exploding with a sudden report. 

DE-TOR'SION, n. A turning or wresting ; perversion. 

DE-TORT', V. t. [L. detortus.] To twist ; to wrest ; toper- 
vert ; to turn from the original or plain meaning. 

DE-TORT'ED, pp. Twisted ; wrested ; perverted. 

DE-TORT'ING, ppr. Wresting ; perverting. 

DE-ToUR', n. [Fr.] A turning ; a circuitous way. 

DE-TRACT', V. t. [L. detractum.] 1. Literally, to draw 
from. Hence, to take away from reputation or merit; 
to detract from, is to lessen or depreciate reputation or 
worth ; to derogate from. 2. To take away ; to with- 
draw. 

DE-TRAC'TION, n. [L. detractio.] The act of taking 
something from the reputation or worth of another, with 
the view to lessen him in estimation ; censure ; a lessen- 
ing of worth ; the act of depreciating another, from envy 
or malice. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD - f Obsolete. 


DEV 


DEV 243 


t DE-TRA€'TIOUS, a. Containing detraction; lessening 
reputation. 

DE-TR ACT'IVE, a. Having the quality or tendency to les- 
sen the worth or estimation. 

DE-TRACT'OR, n. One who takes away or impairs the 
reputation of another injuriously ; one who attempts to 
lessen the worth or honor of another. 

DE-TRACT< 0 -RY, a. Derogatory ; defamatory by denial 
of desert; with//*om. Boyle. 

DE-TRACT'RESS, n. A female detractor ; a censorious 
woman. 

I DE-TRECT^, 17 . t. [L. detrecto.] To refuse. Fotherby. 

f DE-TREC-Ta'TION, 71 . A refusing to do a thing. 

DET'RI-MENT, n. [L. detrnmentujn.] Loss ; damage ; inju- 
ry ; mischief; harm; diminution. 

DET-RI-MENT'AL, a. Injurious ; hurtful ; causing loss or 
damage. 

DE-TRI''TION, 71 . [L. detero.] A wearing off. Stevens. 

DE-TRI'TUS, 71 . [L. detritus.J In gsology^ a mass of sub- 
stances worn off or detached from solid bodies by attri- 
tion. 

DE-TRfjDE', V. t. [L. detrudo.] To thrust down ; to push 
down with force. Locke. 

DE-TRuD'ED, pp. Thrust or forced down. 

DE-TRuD'lNC, pjw. Thrusting or forcing down. 

DE-TRUNC'ATE, v. t. [L. detrunco.] To cut off ; to lop ; 
to shorten by cutting. 

DET-RUN-Ca'TION, 77. The act of cutting off. 

DE-TRu'SION, 77. The act of thrusting or driving down. 

t DET-UR-Ba'TION, 77. [L. deturbo.] Degradation. 

DE-TURP'ATE, r. t. [L. detuTpo.] To defile. [Little iised.] 
Taylor. 

DEuCE, 77. [Fr. deux.] Two ; a card with two spots ; a 
die with two spots. 

DEuCE, 77. A demon. See Duse. 

DEU-TER-OG'A-MIST, n. One who marries the second 
time. Goldsmith. 

DEU-TER-OG'A-MY, n. [Gr. ^tvrcpog and yapo^.] A sec- 
ond marriage, after the death of the first husband or wife. 
Goldsmith. 

DEU-TER-ON'O-MY, n. [Gr. 6 cvTtpo^ and vopos.] The sec- 
ond law, or second giving of the law by Moses ; the name 
given to the fifth book of the pentateuch. 

f DEU-TER-OS'€ 0 -PY, 77. The second intention ; the mean- 
ing beyond the literal sense. 

DEU-TOX'YD, 77. [Gr. Sevrepogj and oxyd.] In chemistry^ a 
substance oxydized in the second degree. 

DE-VAP-O-Ra'TION, 77. The change of vapor into water, 
as in the generation of rain. 

f DE-VAST', V. t. [L. devasto.] To lay waste ; to plun- 
der. 

DEV'AS-TATE, v. t. [L. devasto.] To lay waste ; to 
waste ; to ravage ; to desolate ; to destroy improvements. 

DEV'AS-TA-TED, pp. Laid waste; ravaged. 

DEV'AS-TA-TING, ppr. Laying waste ; desolating. 

DEV-AS-Ta'TION, 77. [L. devastatio.] 1 . Waste ; ravage; 
desolation ; destruction of works of art and natural pro- 
ductions which are necessary or useful to man ; havock. 
— 2 . In law, waste of the goods of the deceased by an ex- 
ecutor, or administrator. 

DE-VEL'6P, V. t. [Fr. developper.] 1 . To uncover ; to un- 
fold ; to lay open ; to disclose or make known something 
concealed or withheld from notice. 2 . To unravel ; to 
unfold what is intricate. 

DE-VEL'6PED, pp. Unfolded ; laid open ; unraveled. 

DE-VEL'6P-ING, ppr. Unfolding ; disclosing ; unraveling. 

DE-VEL'6P-ME]\T, 77. 1 . An unfolding; the discovering 
of something secret or withheld from the knowledge of 
others ; disclosure ; full exhibition. 2 . The unraveling 
of a plot. 

DEV-E-NUS'TATE, V. t. [L. devenusto.] To deface ; to 
despoil. Waterhouse. 

f DE-VERG'ENCE, 77. [L. devergentia.] Declivity; decli- 
nation. 

DE-VEST', 77. t. [Fr. devHir. Generally written divest.] 

1. To strip; to deprive of clothing or arms ; to take oft. 

2 . To deprive; to take away. [See Divest.] 3 . To free 
from ; to disengage. — 4 . In law, to alienate, as title or 
right. 

DE-VEST', 77. 7. In law, to be lost or alienated, as a title or 
an estate. [This word is genemlly written divest, except 
in the latter and legal sense.] 

DE-VEST'ED, pp. Stripped of clothes; deprived; freed 
from ; alienated or lost, as title. 

DE-VEST'ING, ppr. Stripping of clothes ; depriving ; free- 
ing from ; alienating. 

fDE-VEX', a. [L. devexus.] Bending down. 

f DE-VEX', 77. Devexity. May. 

DE-VEX'I-TY, 77. [L.devexitas.] Abending downward ; a 
sloping ; incurvation downward. 

De'VI-ATE, 77, 7. [It. deviare.] 1 . To turn aside or wan- 
der from the common or right way, course or line, either 


in a literal or figurative sense. 2 . To stray from the path 
of duty ; to wander, in a moral sense; to err ; to sin. 

DE-VI-a'TION, 77. 1. A wandering or turning aside from 

the right way, course or line. 2 . Variation from a com- 
mon or established rule, or from analogy. 3 . A wander- 
ing from the path of duty ; waii^. of conformity to the 
rules prescribed by God ; error ; sin ; obliquity of con- 
duct. — 4 . In commerce, the voluntary departure of a ship, 
without necessity, from the regular and usual course of 
the specific voyage insured. 

DE-VICE', 77. [Fr. de7775, dc7775c.] 1 . That which is formed 

by design, or invented ; scheme ; artificial contrivance ; 
stratagem ; project. 2 . An emblem intended to repre- 
sent a family, person, action or quality, with a suitable 
motto ; used in painting, sculpture and heraldry. 3 . In- 
vention ; genius ; faculty of devising. 4 . A spectacle or 
show ; [065.] Beaumont. 

DE-VICE'FUL, a. Full of devices ; inventive. Spenser. 

DE-ViCE'FUL-LY, adv. In a manner curiously contrived. 

DEV'IL, (dev'l) n. [Sax. diafol j D. dtdvel ; Q. teufel.] 1 . 
In the Christian theology, an evil spirit or being ; a fallen 
angel, expelled from heaven for rebellion against God ; 
the chief of the apostate angels ; the implacable enemy 
and tempter of the human race. In the Mew Testament, 
the word is frequently and erroneously used for demon. 

2 . A very wicked person. 3 . An idol, or false god. 

DEV'IL-ING, 77. A young devil. [Mot in Ttse.] Beaumont. 

DEV'IL-ISH, a. 1 . Partaking of the qualities of the devil ; 

diabolical ; very evil and mischievous ; malicious. 2! 
Having communication with the devil ; pertaining to the 
devil. 3 . Excessive ; enormous. 

DEV'IL-ISH-LY, adv. 1 . In a manner suiting the devil ; 
diabolically ; wickedly. 2 . Greatly ; excessively. 

DEV'IL-ISH-NESS, n. The qualities of the devil. 

fDEV'IL-ISM, 77. The state of devils. Bp. Hall. 

fDEV'IL-TZE, 77. t. To place among devils. Bp. Hall. 

DEV'IL-KIN, 77. A little devil. Clarissa. 

DEV'IL-SHIP, 77. The character of a devil. 

De'VI-OUS, a. [L. devius.] 1 . Out of the common way or 
track. 2 . Wandering ; roving ; rambling. 3 . Erring ; 
going astray from rectitude or the divine precepts 

DE-ViR'GiN-ATE, v. t. [Low L. devirgino.] To deflour. 
Sandys. 

DE-VIS'A-BLE, a. 1 . That may be bequeathed or given by 
will. 2 . That can be invented or contrived. 

DE-ViSE', V. t. [Fr. deviser.] 1 . To invent; to contrive ; 
to form in the mind by new combinations of ideas, new 
applications of principles, or new arrangement of parts ; 
to excogitate ; to strike out by thought ; to plan ; to 
scheme ; to project. 2 . To give or bequeath by will, as 
land or other real estate. 

DE-VISE', V. i. To consider ; to contrive ; to lay a plan ; 
to form a scheme. 

DE-VISE', 77. 1 . Primarily, a dividing or division ; hence, 
the act of bequeathing by will ; the act of giving or dis- 
tributing real estate by a testator. 2 . A will or testament. 

3 . A share of estate bequeathed. 

t DE-VISE', 77. Contrivance; scheme invented. Hooker. 

DE-VIS'ED, (de-vizd') pp. Given by will ; bequeathed ; 
contrived. 

DEV-I-SEE’, 77. The person to whom a devise is made; one 
to vv^hom real estate is bequeathed. 

DE-VIS'ER, 77 . One who contrives or invents ; a contriver ; 
an inventor. Grew. 

DE-VIS'ING, pj)r. 1 . Contriving; inventing; forming a 
scheme or plan. 2 . Giving by will ; bequeathing. 

DE-VIS'OR, 77. One who gives by will ; one who bequeaths 
lands or tenements. Blackstone. 

t DE V'l-TA-BLE, a. Avoidable. 

t DEV-I-Ta'TION, 77 . An escaping. 

t DEV- 0 -€a'TI 0 N, 77. [L. devocatio.] A calling away ; se- 
duction. Hally well. 

DE-VOID', a. [de and void.] 1 . Void ; empty ; vacant. 2 . 
Destitute ; not possessing. 3 . Free from. 

DE-VOIR', (dev-wor') n. [Fr. devoir.] Primarily, service 6 r 
duty. Hence, an act of civility or respect ; respectful no- 
tice due to another. 

DEV-O-Lu'TION, 77. [L. devolutio.] 1 . The act of rolling 
down. 2 . Removal from one person to another ; a pass- 
ing or falling upon a successor. 

DE-VOLVE', (de-volv') v. t. [L. devolvo.] 1 . To roll down ; 
to pour or flow with windings. 2 . To move from one 
person to another ; to deliver over, or from one possessor 
to a successor. 

DE-VOLVE', (de-volv') v. i. Literally, to roll down ; hence, 
to pass from one to another ; to fall by succession from 
one possessor to liis successor. 

DE-VOLV'ED, (de-volvd') pp. Rolled down; passed over 
to another. 

DE-VOLV'ING, ppr. Rolling down ; falling to a successor. 

t DE-Vo'TA-RY, n. A votary. Gregory. 

DE-VoTE', 77 . t. [L. devoveo, devotus.] 1 . To appropriate 
by vow ; to set apart or dedicate by a solemn act ; to con- 
secrate. 2 . To give up wholly ; to addict ; to direct the 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BULL, UNITE. — C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


DEX 


244 DIA 


attention wholly or chiefly ; to attach. 3. To give up ; 
to resign. 4. To doom j to consign over. 5. To exe- 
crate ; to doom to evil. 

DE-VoTE', a. Devoted. Milton. 

DE-VoTE', n. A devotee. Sandys. 

DE-V6T'ED, pp. Appropriated by vow ; solemnly set apart 
or dedicated ; consecrated ; addicted j given up 5 doom- 
ed , consigned. 

DE-VoT'ED-NESS, w. The state of being devoted or given ; 
addictedness. Milner. 

DEV-O-TEE', 71. \Yr. dcvot.'\ One who is wholly devoted ; 
particularly, one given wholly to religion ; one who is 
superstitiously given to religious duties and ceremonies ; 
a bigot. 

DE-VoTE'MENT, 71. 1. Devotedness 5 devotion. 2. Vow- 
ed dedication. Mason. 

DE-VoT'ER, 71. One that devotes; also, a worshiper. 

DE-VoT'ING, ppr. Giving or appropriating by vow; sol- 
emnly setting apart or dedicating ; consecrating ; giving 
whoUy ; addicting ; dooming ; consigning. 

DE-Vo'TlON, n. 1. The state of being dedicated, conse- 
crated, or solemnly set apart for a particular purpose. 2. 
A solemn attention to the Supreme Being in worship ; a 
yielding of the heart and aflections to God ; devoutness. 

3. External worship ; acts of religion ; performance of re- 
ligious duties. 4. Prayer to the iSupreine Being. 5. An 
act of reverence, respect or ceremony. 6. Ardent love or 
affection ; attachment manifested by constant attention. 
7. Earnestness ; ardor ; eagerness. 8. Disposal ; power 
of disposing of; state of dependence. 

DE-Vo'TION-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to devotion; used in 
devotion. 2. Suited to devotion. 

DE-Vo'TION-AL-lST, 1 n. A person given to devotion ; or 

DE-Vo'TION-IST, ) one superstitiously or formally 
devout. 

DE-VrvTO, 71. [It.] A devotee. Spenser. 

; DE-Vo'TOR, n. One who reverences or worships. 

OE-VOUR', V. t. [L. devaro.] 1. To eat up; to eat with 
greediness ; to eat ravenously, as a beast of prey, or as a 
hungry man. 2. To destroy ; to consume with rapidity 
and violence. 3. To destroy ; to annihilate ; to consume. 

4. To waste ; to consume ; to spend in dissipation and 
riot. 5. To consume wealth and substance by fraud, op- 
pression, or illegal exactions. 6. To destroy spiritually ; 
to ruin the soul. 7. To slay. 8. To enjoy with avid- 
ity. 

DE-VOUR'ED, (de-vourd') pp. Eaten ; swallowed with 
greediness ; consumed ; destroyed ; wasted ; slain. 

DE-VOUR'ER, 71. One who devours ; he or that which eats, 
consumes or destroys ; he that preys on. 

DE-VOURTNG, ppr. Eating greedily ; consuming; wast- 
ing; destroying; annihilating. 

DE-VOUR'ING-LY, ado. In a devouring manner. 

DE-VOUT', a. [It. devoto ; Fr. devot.'] 1. Yielding a sol- 
emn and reverential attention to God in religious exer- 
cises, particularly in prayer. 2. Pious ; devoted to reli- 
gion ; religious. 3. Expressing devotion or piety. 4. 
Sincere ; solemn ; earnest. 

fDE-VOUT^, 7i. A devotee. Sheldon. 

DE-VOUT'LESS, a. Destitute of devotion. 

DE-VOUT LESS-NESS, n. Want of devotion. 

DE-VOUT'LY, ado. 1. With solemn attention and rever- 
ence to God ; with .ardent devotion. 2. Piously ; re- 
ligiously ; with pious thoughts. 3. Sincerely ; soleinnly ; 
earnestly. 

DE-VOUT'NESS, n. The quality of being devout. 

t DE-VOW', V. t. To give up. B. Jonson. 

DEW, n. [Sax. deaio.'] The water or moisture collected or 
deposited on or near the surface of the earth, during the 
night, by the escape of the heat which held the water in 
solution. 

DEW, V. t. To wet with dew ; to moisten. Milton. 

DEW'BENT, a. Bent by the dew. Thomson. 

DEW'-BER-RY, n. The fruit of a species of brier or bram- 
ble, that creeps along the ground, of the genus rubus. 

DEW'-BE-SPAN-GLED, a. Spangled with dew-drops. 

t DEW'-BE-SPRENT', a. Sprinkled with dew. Milton. 

DEW'-BE-SPRIN'KLED, a. Sprinkled with dew. 

DEW'-DROP, 71. A drop of dew, which sparkles at sun- 
lise ; a spangle of dew. Milton. 

DEvV'-DROP-PlNG, a. Wetting as with dew. 

DEWED, pp. Moistened with dew. 

DEW'-IM-PEARL'ED, a. Covered with dew-drops, like 
pearls. Drayton. 

DEW'ING, ppr. Wetting or moistening with dew. 

DEW'-LAP, n. 1. The flesh that hangs from the throat of 
oxen, which laps or licks the dew in grazing. — ^2. In 
Shakspeare, a lip flaccid with age. 

DEW'-LAPT, a. Furnished with a dew-lap. 

DEW'-WoRM, 71. A worm, called otherwise earth-worm, 
a species of lumbricus. 

DEW'Y, a. 1. Partaking of dew ; like dew. 2. Moist with 
dew. 

DEX'TER, a. [L. dexter.] Right, as opposed to left ; a term 


used in heraldry, to denote the right side of a shield or 
coat of arms. 

DEX-TER'I-TY, n. [L. dexteritas.] 1. Readiness of limbs; 
adroitness ; activity ; expertness ; skill ; that readiness in 
performing an action, which proceeds from experience or 
practice, united with activity or quick motion. 2. Read- 
iness of mind or mental faculties, as in contrivance, or 
inventing means to accomplish a purpose ; promptness in 
devising expedients ; quickness and skill in managing or 
conducting a scheme of operations. 

DEX'TRAL, a. Right, as opposed to left. Brown. 

DEX-TRAL'I-TY, n. The state of being on the right *ide. 

DEX-TROR'SAL, a. Rising from right to left, as a spiral 
line or helix. 

DEX'TROUS, a. 1. Ready and expert in the use of the 
body and limbs ; skilful and active in manual employ- 
ment ; adroit. 2. Ready in the use of the mental facul- 
ties ; prompt in contrivance and management ; expert ; 
quick at inventing expedients. 3. Skilful ; artful ; done 
with dexterity ; as, dextrous management. 

DEX'TROUS-LY, ado. With dexterity ; expertly ; skilful- 
ly ; artfully ; adroitly ; promptly. 

DEX'TROUS-NESS, n. Dexterity ; adroitness. 

DEY, 71. The title of the governor of Algiers. 

Dl, a prefix, a contraction of dis, denotes from, separation 
or nejration, or two. 

DIA, cfreek, a prefix, denotes through. 

DT'A-BASE, 71. Another name of greenstone. 

DI-AB-A-Tk'RI-AL, a. [Gr. 6ia(iaivio.] Border- passing. 
Mitford. 

DI-A-Bk'TES, n. [Gx.^ia^rjTyg.] Along-continued increas- 
ed quantity of urine ; an excessive and morbid discharge 
of urine. Coxe. 

Dl-A-BET'1€, a. Pertaining to diabetes. 

DT-A-BOL'IG, ) a. [L. diaholus.] Devilish ; pertaining 

DI-A-BOL'I-GAL, j to the devil ; hence, extremely mali- 
cious ; impious ; atrocious ; nefarious ; outrageously wick- 
ed ; partaking of any quality ascribed to the devil. 

DI-A-BOL'1-GAL-LY, ado. In a diabolical manner ; very 
wickedly ; nefariously. 

Di-A-BOL'l-€AL-NESS, n. The qualities of the devil. 

DI-A-BOL'I-FY, V. t. To ascribe diabolical qualities to. 

Di-AB'O-LISM, n. 1. The actions of the devil. 2. Posses- 
sion by the devil. Warburton. 

DT-A-€ ALTS' TIG, a. [Gr. ^ta/caton] Belonging to curves 
formed by refraction. Bailey. 

DI-A€H'Y-LON, n. [Gr. ^la and An emollient plas- 

_ter. 

Di-A€'0-NAL, a. [L. diaconus.] Pertaining to a deacon. 

DI-A-€OUS'TI€, a. [Gr. ^ta/couo).] Pertaining to the science 
or doctrine of refracted sounds. 

DI-A-€OUS'TIGS, n. The science or doctrine of refracted 
sounds ; the consideration of the properties of sound re- 
fracted by passing through different mediums ; called also 
diaphonics. 

DI-A-CRIT'I-€AL, or DI-A-€RIT'I€, a. [Gr. SiaKpiriKog.] 
That separates or distinguishes ; distinctive. 

DI'A-DELPH, 77. [Gr. Si and aSe\(pog.] In botany, a 
plant whose stamens are united into two bodies or bundles 
by their filaments. 

DI-A-DELPH'I-AN, a. Having its stamens united into two 
bodies by their filaments. 

DI'A-DEM, 71. [Gr. 6ia6rjpa.] 1. Anciently, a head-band or 
fillet worn by kings as a badge of royalty.— 2. In modern 
usage, the mark or badge of royalty, worn on the head ; 
a crown ; A, figuratively, empire ; supreme power. 3. 
A distinguished or principal ornament. 

Dl'A-DEMED, a. Adorned with a diadem ; crowned ; 
ornamented. Pope. 

DI'A-DRoM, n. [Gr. ^la^popy.] A course or passing ; a 
vibration ; the time in which the vibration of a pendulum 
is performed. 

m-JER'ESlS, DI-ER'E-SIS, or DI-ER'E-SY, 77. [Gr. 
^tatpcc/j.] The dissolution of a diphthong ; the mark ( •• ) 
placed over two vowels, denoting that they are to be pro- 
nounced as distinct letters ; as, aer. 

DI-AG-NOS'TIG, a. [Gr. SiayvwcTiKog.] Distinguishing ; 
characteristic ; indicating the nature of a disease. 

Dl-AG-NOS'Tl€, n. The sign or symptom by which a dis- 
ease is known or distinguished from others. 

DI-AG'O-NAL, a. [Gr. ^laywviog.] 1. In geometry, ex- 
tending from one angle to another of a quadrilateral fig- 
ure, and dividing it into two equal parts. 2. Being in an 
angular direction. 

DI-AG'O-NAL, n. A right line drawn from angle to angle 
of a quadrilateral figure, as a square or parallelogram, and 
dividing it into two equal parts. 

DI-AG'O-NAL-LY, ado. In a diagonal direction. 

DI'A-GRAM, 77. [Gr. Staypappa.] In geometry, a figure, 
draught nr scheme, delineated for the purpose of demon- 
strating the properties of any figure, as a square, triangle, 
circle, &c. Anciently, a musical scale. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, 0, U, Y, Zon^.— FAR; FALL, WHAT PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— 


t Obsolete* 


DIA 


245 


Die 


DT-A-GRAPI1'T€, ) a. [Gr. and rpa^w.] Descrip- 

I)I-A-GRAPHa-€AL, \ live. 

DI-A-Cill YD 1-ATES, n. Strong purgatives made with dia- 
grydium. 

DPAL, n. [Ir diaiL] An instrument for measuring time, 
by the aid of the suit; being a plate or plain surface, on 
which lines are drawn in such a manner, that the shadow 
of a wire, or of the upper edge of another plane, erected 
perpendicularly on the former, may show the true time 
of the day. 

DI'AL-PLATE, n. The plate of a dial on which the lines 
are drawn, to show’ the hour or time of the day. 

DI'A-LE€T, n. [Gr. ^taXr^cToj.] 1. The form or idiom of a 
language, peculiar to a province, or to a kingdom or state. 
2. Language ; speech, or manner of speaking. 

DT-A-LE€'TI-€AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a dialect, or dia- 
Jects ; not radical. 2. Logical ; arguniental. 

Dl'A-LE€'TI-€AL-LY, ado. In the manner of a dialect. 

Dl-A-Lfl€-TI''CIAN, v. A logician ; a reasoner. 

DI-A-LEG'TI€S, n. That branch of logic which teaches 
the rules and modes of reasoning. 

DI'AL-ING, n. The art of constructing dials, or of drawing 
dials on a plane. The sciateric science, or knowledge of 
showing the time by shadows. 

DPAL-IST, 11 . A constructor of dials ; one skilled in dial- 
ing. 

DPAL-LAGE, n. [Gr. ^mXXay;?.] A mineral, the smarag- 
dite of Saussure. The metalloidal subspecies is called 
schillerstein^ or shiller spar. 

DT-AL'O-GISM, 71. A feigned speech between two or more. 

Di-AL 0-GlST, n. A speaker in a dialogue ; also, a writer 
^f dialogues. Johnson. 

DI- \L-O^GiIt'iS A.L I form of a dialogue. 

DT-AL-0-GlST'I-€AL-LY, ado. In the manner of dia- 
logue. 

DI-AL'O-GTZE, v. i. To discourse in dialogue. 

Dl'A-LOGUE, (dPa-log) n. [Fr. dialogue.] 1. A conversa- 
tion or conference between tw'o or more persons ; partic- 
ularly^ a formal conversation in theatrical j>erformances ; 
also, an exercise in colleges and schools, in w’hich two or 
more persons carry on a discourse. 2. A written conver- 
sation, or a composition in wliich two or more persons are 
represented as conversing on some topic. 
pPA-LOGUE, V. i. I’o discourse together ; to confer. 
I'A-LOGUE-WRiT'ER, n. A writer of dialogues or 
feigned conversations. 

DT-AL'Y-SIS, 11 . [Gr. ^iaXu(n?.][ 1. A mark in waiting or 
printing, consisting of two points placed over one of two 
vowels, to dissolve a diphthong, or to show that the two 
vowels are to be separated in pronunciation. — 2. In medi- 
cine, debility ; also, a solution of continuity. 

[ DI-A-XIAN'TINE, for adamantine. 

DI-AXFE-TER, n. [Gr. SiaycTpog.] 1. A right line passing 
through the centre of a circle or other curvilinear figure, 
terminated by the circumference, and dividing the figure 
into two equal parts. 2. A right line passing through the 
centre of a piece of timber, a rock or other object, from 
one side to the other. 

DT-AXFE-TRAL, a. Diametrical, which see. 

DT-AM'E-TRAL-LY, ado. Diametrically. 

DI-A-MET'RI-€AL, a. 1. Describing a diameter. 2. Ob- 
serving the direction of a diameter ; direct. 

DI-A-MET'RI-€AL-LY, ado. In a diametrical direction ; 
directly. 

* DPA-MOND, (dl'a-mond, or diamond) n. [Fr. diamant.] 
1. A mineral, gem or precious stone, of the most valuable 
kind, remarkable for its hardness, as it scratches all other 
minerals. When pure, the diamond is usually clear and 
transparent, but it is sometimes colored. 2. A very small 
printing letter. 3. A figure, otherwise called a rhombus. 

Dl'A-MOND, a. Resembling a diamond ; consisting of dia- 
monds. 

Dl'A-MOND-ED, a. Having the figure of an oblique-angled 
parallelogram, or rhombus. Fuller. 

DI'A-MOND-XIINE, n. A mine in which diamonds are 
found. 

DI-AN'DER, n. [Gr. Sis, Si and av»;p.] In botany, a plant 
liaving two stamens. 

DI-AX'DRI-AN, a. Having tw’O stamens. 

t DFA-PASM, n. [Gr. Sianaaa'.o.] A perfume. 

DLA-Pa'SON, ) 71. [Gr. Siairaaiov.] 1. In music, the octave 

Dl'A-PASE, I or interval which includes all the tones. 
— 2. Among musical-instrumevt-niakers, a rule or scale by 
which they adjust tlie pipes of organs, tlie holes of flutes, 
&c., in due proportion for expressing the several tones 
and semitones. 

DI-A-PEN'TE, V. [Gr. Sin and ttcvtc.] ]. A fifth ; an in- 
terval making the second of the concords, and, with the 
diatessaron, an octave. — 2. In medicine, a composition of 
five ingredients. 

DPA-PER, 71. [Fr. diapre ; said to be from Ypres.] Figured 


linen cloth ; a cloth wove in flowers or figures ; much 
_iised for towels or napkins. Hence, a towel or napkin. 

Dl'A-PER, V. t. To variegate or diversify, as clotli, with 
figures ; to flower. Spenser. 

DI'A-PER, V. i. To draw flowers or figures, as upon cloth. 

Di'A-PHaNED, a. Transparent. [Little used.] 

DI-APH-A-NeT-TY, n. [Gr. Sia<paveia.] The power of 
transmitting light ; transparency ; pellucidness. 

DI-A-PIIAN'IG, a. [Gr. Siaipavys.] Having power to trans- 
mit light ; transparent. Raleigh. 

DT-APIi'A-NOUS, a. Having power to transmit rays of 
light, as glass ; pellucid ; transparent; clear. 

DI-APH-O-Re'SIJS, n. [Gr. Siaipopyais.] Augmented per- 
spiration ; or an elimination of tlie humors of the body 
Jhrough the pores of the skin. 

Dl-APlI-O-RET'IG, a. Having the power to increase per- 
spiration ; sudorific ; sw'eating. 

Di-APII-O-RET'lC, 11 . A medicine which promotes perspi- 
ration ; a sudorific. Coxe. 

DFA-PHRAGM, (dX^a-fram) n. [Gr. Siaippayya.] 1. In 
anatomy, the midi'jflf, a muscle separating the chest or 
thorax from the abdomen or lotver belly. 2. A partition 
or dividing substance. 

DI-A-POR'E-SIS, n. [Gr. Sianoprjais.] In rhetoric, doubt ; 
Jiesitation. Bailey. 

Di-a'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to a diary ; daily. 

Di'A-RIST, V. One who keeps a diary. 

DI-AR-RHe'A, 11 . [Gr. Purging or flux ; a fre- 

quent and copious ev’acuation of excrement by stool. 

Di-AR-RHET'IO, a. Promoting evacuation by stool ; pur- 
gative. 

Dl'A-RY, 7J. [L. diariurn.] An account of daily events or 
transactions ; a journal ; a register of daily occurrences or 
observations. — A diary fever is a fever of one day. 

DPAS-GHISM, 71. [Gr. Siaa‘)(^iaija.] In 7/j?mc, the diflerence 
between the comma and enharmonic diesis, commonly 
called the lesser comma. 

DPAS-PORE, 71. [Gr. ^rao-Trrtpw.] A mineral occurring in 
lamellar concretions. 

DI-AS-TAL'TI€, a. [Gr. ^taoraXrtxo?.] Dilated; noble; 
bold ; an epithet given by the Greeks to certain intervals 
in music. 

DI'A-STEM, n. [Gr. Siacrrjpa.] In ttimsic, a simple inter- 
val. 

DT-AS^TO-LE, ) n. [Gr. 5ta(rroX»/.] 1. Among physicians, 

DI-AS'TO-LY, 5 a dilatation of ihe heart, auricles and ar- 
teries ; opposed to s?/sto/c,or contmetion. — 2. In grammar, 
the extension of a syllable ; or a figure by which a sylla- 
ble naturally short is made long. 

DFA-STyLE, 11 . [Gr. Sia and trrvXoj.] An edifice in which 
three diameters of the columns are allowed for interco- 
lumniations. 

HI-A-TES^SA-RON, n. [Gr. Sia and rccaapa.] Among mu- 
sicians, a concord or harmonic interval, composed of a 
greater tone, a lesser tone, and one greater semitone. 

DI-A-TON'IG, a. [Gr. Sia and rovos.] Ascending or de- 
scending, tis in sound, or from sound to sound. Harris. 

DFA-TRIBE, n. [Gr. Siarpi(ir].] A continued discourse or 
disputation. Bailey. 

DI-A-ZEu'TIG, a. [Gr. Sia^evyvvpi.] A diazeutic tone, in 
ancient Oreck music, disjoined two-fourths, one on each 
side of it, and which, being joined to either, made a fifth. 
This is, in cur music, J'rom A to B. 

t DIB, V. i. To dip. Barret. 

DIB'BLE, 11 . A pointed instrument, used in gardening and 
agriculture, to make holes for planting seeds, &c. 

DIB'BLE, V. t. To plant with a dibble ; or to make holes 
for planting seeds, &c. 

DIB'BLE, V. i. To dibble or dip ; a term in angling. 

DIB'STONE, n. A little stone which children^tlirow at an- 
other stone. Locke. 

DI-GAC'l-TY, 11 . [L. dicacitas.] Pertness. [Little ii 5 cc?.] 
Graves. 

DPGAST, n. [Gr. SiKaaryg.] In ancient Greece, an officer 
.answering nearly to our juryman. Mitford. 

DICE, 71. plu. of die ; also, a game with dice. 

DICE, V. i. To play with dice. Shak. 

DlCE'-BOX, n. A box from which dice are thrown in 
gaming. Addison. 

DiCE'-Ma-KER, n. A maker of dice. 

Di'CER, 7i. A player at dice. 

DICH. This word seems corrupted from dit, for do it. Shak. 

DI-CHOT'O-MIZE, v.t. To cut into two parts ; to divide 
into pairs. 

DI-CIIOT'O-MOUS, a. [Gr. Si^a and refxvfo.] In botany, 
regularly dividing by p.airs from top to bottom. 

DI-CH0T'0-M0U!S-€0R'YMBED, «. Composed of cor- 
ymbs, in which the pedicles divide and subdivide by 
pairs. 

DI-€H0T'0-MY, n. [Gr. Si'AfToyia.] 1. Division or distri- 
bution of ideas by pairs ; [little used.] — 2. In astronomy. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH j TH as in this, t Obsolete. 


DIE 


246 


DIF 


that phase of the moon, in which it appears bisected, or 
shows only half its disk, as at the quadratures. 

DICfPllOlT, 71. See Iolite. 

DlC'ING-HOUSE, ?i. A house where dice are played j a 
gaming-house. [Little used.] 

D1€K'ER, 71. In old authors^ tlie number or quantity of ten, 
particularhj, ten hides or skins. 

I)I-€OG'€OUS, a. [Gr. Sis and kokkos.] Two-grained j con- 
sisting of two cohering grains or cells, with one seed in 
each. 

DI-€0-TYL'E-D0N, n. [Gr. Sis and /coruXi^^toj^.] A plant 
whose seeds divide into two lobes in germinating. 

Dl-€0T-Y-LED'0-N0US, a. Having two lubes. 

DIG'TATE, V. t. [L. dicto.] 1. To tell with authority; to 
deliver, as an oraer, command or direction. 2. To order 
or instruct what is to be said or written. 3. To suggest ; 
to admonish ; to direct by impulse on the mind. 

DIG'TATE, n. 1. An order delivered ; a command. 2. A 
rule, maxim or precept, delivered with authority. 3. 
Suggestion ; rule or direction suggested to the mind. 

DIC^'J'A-TED, ]>p. Delivered with authority ; ordered ; di- 
rected ; suggested. 

DIG''I’A-T1NG, pp7’. Uttering or delivering with authority ; 
instructing what to say or write ; ordering ; suggesting to 
the mind. 

D1€-Ta'TION, 71. The act of dictating ; the act or practice 
of prescribing. Palcy. 

D1€-Ta'TOR, V. [L.] 1. One who dictates ; one who pre- 
scribes rules ana maxims for the direction of others. 2. 
One invested with absolute authority. In ancient Rome, 
a magistrate, created in times of exigence and distress, 
and invested with unlimited power. 

DJ€-TA-To'R[-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a dictator; abso- 
lute ; unlimited ; uncontrollable. 2. Imperious ; dog- 
matical ; overbearing. 

DI€-Ta'TOR-SIIIP, n. 1. The office of a dictator ; the 
term of a dictator’s office. 2. Authority; imperiousness; 
dogmatism. Dr7jden. 

DI€'TA-TO-RY, a. Overbearing ; dogmatical. Milton. 

I)I€'TA-TURE, 71. 1. The office of a dictator; dictatorship. 
2. Absolute authority ; the power that dictates. 

DIG'TION, 71. [L. dictio.] Expression of ideas by words ; 
style ; manner of expression. 

DIC'TION-A-RY, n. [Fr. dictio imaire.] A book containing 
the words of a language arranged in alphabetical order, 
with explanations of their meanings ; a lexicon. Johnson. 

DID, p7'et. of do, contracted from doed. I did, thou didst, 
he did ; we did, you or ye did, they did. Did is used as 
the sign of the past tense of verbs, particularly in inter- 
rogative and negativ'e sentences. 

DI-I)A€'TI€, )a. [Gr. Adapted to teach ; 

DI-DAG'TIG-AIi, | preceptive ; containing doctrines, pre- 
cepts, principles or rules ; intended to instruct. 

DI-I)AG'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In a didactic manner; in a 
form to teach. 

Dl'DAP-PER, 71. A bird that dives into the water, a species 
of coUjmbus. 

DI-DAS'€A-LI€, a. [Gr. SiSacKaXiKos.] Didactic ; precep- 
tive ; giving precepts. [Little Tiscd.] 

•f DID'DER, V. i. [Teut. diddc7-7i.] To shiver with cold. 
Shericood. 

DID'DLE, V. i. To totter, as a child in walking. 

DID'DLING, 71. A word in many places applied in fondness 
to children._ 

DI-DE€-A-IIe'DRAL, a. [di and decahedral.] In crijstal- 
oerraphTj, having the form of a decahedral prism with 
pentahedral summits. 

DI-DO-DE-GA-He^DRAL, a. [di and dodecahedral.] In 
crystalographij, having the form of a dodecahedral prism 
with hexahedral summits. 

Dl-DRA€IFMA, 7i. [Gr.] A piece of money, the fourth of 
an ounce of silver. 

DIDST. The second person of the imperfect tense of do. 

DI-DUG'TION, 71. [L. diductio.] Separation by withdraw- 
ing one part from the other. Bo7jle. 

DID'Y-NAM, n. [Gr. Si, Sis and In hota7iy, a 

plant of four stamens, disposed in two pairs, one being 
shorter than the other. 

DID-Y-NAM'I-AN, a. Containing four stamens, disposed 
in pairs, one shorter than the other. 

DTE, v.i. [Sw. dd ; Dan. db'er.] 1. To cease to live; to 
expire ; to decease ; to perish ; and, icith i'cspect to 7nan, 
to depart from this world. 2. To be punished with death ; 
to lose life for a crime, or for the sake of another. 3. To 
come to an end ; to cease ; to be lost ; to perish or come 
to nothing. 4. To sink ; to faint. 5. To languish with 
pleasure or tenderness ; followed by away. 6. To lan- 
guish with affection. 7. To recede, as sound, and be- 
come less distinct ; to become less and less ; or to vanish 
from the sight, or disappear gradually. 8. To lose vege- 
table life ; to wither ; to perish, as plants. 9. To become 
vapid or spiritless, as liquors ; 7nostly %Lsed in the parti- 
ciple. — 10. In theology, to perish everlastingly ; to suffer 


divine wrath and punishment in the future world. 11. 
To become indifferent to, or to cease to be under the 
power of. 12. To endure great danger and distress. —To 
die away, to decrease gradually ; to ceeise to blow. 

DIE, 71. ; pftt. Dice. [Fr.de.] 1. A small cube, marked on its 
faces with numbers from one to six, used in gaming, by 
being thrown from a box. 2. Any cubic body; a flat tab- 
let. 3. Hazard ; chance. Spenser. 

DIE, n. ; plu. Dies. A stamp used in coining money, in 
founderies, &c. 

DI-eCIAN, n. [Gr. Sis and otxos.] In botany, one of a 
class of plants, whose male and female flowers are on 
different plants of the same species. 

DPER. See Dyer. 

DFE-SIS, 71. [Gr. In music, the division of a tone, 

jess than a semitone. 

Dl'ET, 71. [L. diwta.] 1. Food or victuals. 2. Food regu- 
lated by a physician, or by medical rules ; food prescribed 
for the prevention or cure of disease, and limited in kind 
or quantity. 3. Allowance of provision. 4. Board, or 
boarding. 

DFET, 71. [D. ryksdag ; G. reichstag.] An assembly of the 
states or circles of the empire of Germany and of Poland ; 
a convention of princes, electors, ecclesiastical dignitaries 
and representatives of free cities, to deliberate on the 
affairs of the empire. 

DFET, v.t. I. To feed; to board; to furnish provisions 
for. 2. To take food by rules prescribed. 3. To feed ; to 
furnish aliment. 

Di'ET, V. i. 1. To eat according to rules prescribed. 2. To 
eat ; to feed. 

DFET-A-RY, a. Pertaining to diet or the rules of diet. 

Dl'ET-A-RY, 71. A medicine of diet. Huloet. 

Di'ET-DRINK, n. Medicated liquors ; drink prepared with 
medicinal ingredients. 

DFET-ED, pp. Fed ; boarded ; fed by prescribed rules. 

DFET-ER, 71. One who diets ; one who prescribes rules for 
eating ; one who prepares food by rules. 

DI-E-TETTC, ) a. [Gr. SiairpriKrj.] Pertaining to diet, 

Dl-E-TETH-C AL, ) or to the rules for regulating the kind 
and quantity of food to be eaten. 

DFE-TINE, 71. A subordinate or local diet ; a cantonal con- 
vention. 

DPET-ING, ppr. Taking food ; prescribing rules for eating ; 
taking food according to prescribed rules. 

DIF-FAR-RE-a'TION, n. [L. dis and farreatio.] The part- 
ing of a cake ; a ceremony among the Romans, at the 
divorce of man and wife. 

DIFFER, V. i. [L. differo.] 1. Literally, to be separate 
Hence, to be unlike, dissimilar, distinct or various, in na- 
ture, condition, form or qualities; followed by /row. 2. 
To disagree ; not to accord ; to be of a contrary opinion. 
3. To contend ; to be at variance ; to strive or debate in 
words ; to dispute ; to quarrel. 

DIF'FER, i’. t. To cause to be different or various. Der- 
ham. 

DIF'FER-ENCE, n. 1. The state of being unlike or dis- 
tinct ; distinction ; disagreement ; want of sameness^ 
variation ; dissimilarity. 2. The quality which distin- 
guishes one thing from another. 3. Dispute ; debate ; 
contention ; quarrel ; controversy. 4. The point in dis- 
pute ; ground of controversy. 5. A logical distinction. 
6. Evidences or marks of distinction. 7. Distinction. — 
8. In mathematics , the remainder of a sum or quantity, 
after a lesser sum or quantity is subtracted. — 9. In logic, 
an essential attribute, belonging to some species, and not 
found in the genus ; being the idea that defines the spe- 
cies.— 10. In heraldry, a certain figure added to a coat of 
arms, serving to distinguish one family from another, or 
to show how distant a younger branch is from the elder or’ 
principal branch. 

DIF'FER-ENCE, v. t. To cause a difference or distinction. 

DIF'FER-ENT, a. 1. Distinct; separate; not the same. 
2. Various or contrary ; of various or contrary natures, 
forms or qualities ; unlike ; dissimilar. 

DIF-FER-EN'TIAL, a. An epithet applied to an infinitely 
small quantity, so small as to be less than any assignable 
quantity. This is called a differential quantity. 

DIFTER-ENT-LY, adv. In a different manner ; variously. 

DIF'FER-ING, ppr. Being unlike or distinct; disagreeing ; 
contending. 

DIF'FER-ING-LY, adv. In a different manner. 

f DIF'FI-CILE, a. [L. difficilis.] Difficult ; hard ; scrupu- 
lous. Bacon. 

t DIF'FI-CILE-NESS, 7i. Difficulty to be persuaded. 

t DIF-FI-ClLa-TATE, v. t. To make difficult. 

DIF'FI-CULT, a. [L. difficilis ,• Sp. dificultoso.] 1. Hard 
to be made, done or performed ; not easy ; attended with 
labor and pains. 2. Hard to be pleased ; not -easily 
wrought upon ; not readily yielding; not compliant; un- 
accommodating ; rigid ; austere ; not easily managed or 
persuaded. 3. Hard to be ascended, as a hill, traveled, 
as a road, or crossed, as a river, &c. 


* See Synopsis. L, £, I, 0, U, Y,long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT; — PREY; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— Obsolete. 


DIG 


247 


DIG 


t DIF'FI-CULT, V . t. To perplex ; to render difficult. 

DIF'FI-CUL-TV', 71. [Fr. difficulte.] 1. Hardness to be 
done or accoinplislied 5 the state of any thing which ren- 
ders its performance laborious or perplexing. 2. That 
which is hard to be performed or surmounted. 3. Per- 
plexity j embarrassment of alfairs ; trouble ; whatever 
renders progress or execution of designs laborious. 4. Ob- 
jection ; obstacle to belief; that which cannot be easily 
understood, explained or believed. — 5. In ^ipoimlar sense, 
bodily complaints ; indisposition. 

HlF-FlDE', V . i. [L. diffido.] To distrust ; to have no con- 
lidence in. {Little jtsed.] Drydcn. 

DIF'Ff-DEXCE, 71 . [\t. diSHdanza difidcncia.] 1. Dis- 
trust ; want of confidence ; any doubt of the power, ability 
or disposition of others. 2. J\Iure generally, distrust of 
one’s self; want of confidence in our own power, compe- 
tency, correctness or wisdom ; a doubt respecting some 
personal qualification. 3. Modest reserve ; a moderate 
degree of timidity or bashfulness. 

DIF'Fl-DENT, a. 1. Distrustful; wanting confidence; 
doubting of another’s power, disposition, sincerity or in- 
tention. 2. Distrustful of one’s self ; iiot confident ; 
doubtful of one’s own power or competency. 3. Reserv- 
ed ; modest ; timid. 

DIF'FI-DENT-LY, adv. With distrust; in a distrusting 
manner ; modestly. 

t DIF'FIND, V . t. [L. dijjindo.'] To cleave in two ; to 
split. Diet. 

DIF-FIX'I-TI VE, a. Determinate ; definitive. 

t DIF-FIS'SIOX^, 71. The act of cleaving or splitting. 

DIF-FLa'TIOX, 71. The act of scattering by a blast of 
wind. Diet. 

DIF'FLU-ENCE, ) n. [L. dijjiuo.] A flowing or falling 

DIF'FLU-EX-CY, j away on all sides. 

DIF'FLU-EXT, a. Flowing away on all sides ; not fixed. 

DIF'FORM, a. [L. dis and /or/zm,] 1. Irregular in form; 
not uniform ; anomalous. 2. Unlike ; dissimilar. 

DIF-FOR3M-TY, n. Irregularity of form ; want of uni- 
formity. Brown. 

DIF-FRAXUHISE, \ See Disfranchise, which is 

DIF-FRAX'CHISE-MENT. 1 the word in use. 

DIF-FUS5E', V . t. [L. diffusiis.] 1. To pour out and spread, 
as a fluid ; to cause to flow and spread. 2. To spread ; to 
send out or extend in all directions ; to disperse. 

DIF-FuSE', a. I. Widely spread ; dispersed. 2. Copious ; 
prolix ; using many words ; giving full descriptions. 3. 
Copious ; verbose ; containing full or particular accounts ; 
not concise. 

DlF-FuS'ED, (dif-fuzd') pp. 1. Spread ; dispersed. 2. 
Loose ; flowing; wild. S/iak. 

DIF-FuS'ED-LY, ads. In a diffused manner ; with wide 
dispersion. 

DIF-FuS'ED-NESS, n. The state of being widely spread. 
Sherwood. 

DIF-FuSE'LY, ado. I. Widely ; extensively. 2. Copi- 
ously ; with many words ; fully. 

DIF-FU-SI-BIL'I-TY n. The quality of being diffusible, or 
capable of being spread. 

DIF-Fu'SI-BLE, a. Tliat may flow or be spread in all di- 
rections ; that may be dispersed. 

DIF-Fq'SI-BLE-XESS, 7 ?. Diffusibility. 

DIF-Fu'SIOX, V . 1. A spreading or flowing of a liquid sub- 
stance or fluid, in a lateral as well as a lineal direction. 2. 
A spreading or scattering ; dispersion. 3. A spreading ; 
extension ; propagation. 4. Copiousness ; exuberance, as 
of style ; [little itscd.l 

DIF-Fu'SIVE, a. 1. liaving the quality of diffusing, or 
spreading by flowing, as liquid substances or fluids ; or of 
dispersing, as minute particles. 2. Extended ; spread 
widely ; extending in all directions ; extensive. 

DIF-FO SIVE-LY, adv. Widely ; extensively ; every way. 

DlF-Fu'SIVE-X"ESS, v. 1. The power of diftusing, or state 
of being diffused ; dispersion. 2. Extension, or exten- 
siveness. 3. The quality or state of being diffuse, as an 
author or his style ; ve/bosencss ; copiousness of words 
or expression. 

DIG, V . t. ; pret. digged, or dug ; pp. digged, or dug. [Sw. 
dika Dan. diger.] 1. To open and break or turn up the 
earth with a spade or other sharp instrument. 2. To ex- 
cavate ; to form an opening in the earth by digging and 
removing the loose earth. 3. To pierce or open with a 
snout or by other means, as swine or moles. 4. To pierce 
with a pointed instrument ; to thrust in. — To dig down, is 
to undermine and cause to fall by digging. — l^o dig out, or 
to dig from, is to obtain by digging. — To dig up, is to 
obtain something from the earth by opening it, or un- 
covering the thing with a spade or other instrument, or to 
force out from the earth by a bar. 

DIG, V . i. 1. To work with a spade or other piercing instru- 
ment ; to do servile work. 2. To work in search of; to 
search. — To dig in, is to pierce with a spade or other 
pointed instrument. — To dig through, to open a passage 
through ; to make an opening from one side to the 
other. 


DI-GAM'MA, n. [Gr. hg and yappa.] The name of F, 
most absurdly given to that letter, when first invented 
or used by the Eolians, on account of its figure. 

j-DlG'A-MY, 71. J?econd marriage. Herbert. 

DI-GAS^TRIC, a. [Gr. hig and yaor-np.'] Having a double 
belly ; an epithet given to a muscle of the lower jaw. 

I DlG^ER-EX4, a. [L. digerens.~^ Digesting. 

DI GEST, 7i. [L. I. A collection or body of Ro- 

man laws, digested or arranged under proper titles by or- 
der of the emperor Justinian. A pandect. 2. Any col- 
lection, comi>ilation, abridgment or summary of laws, dis- 
posed under proper heads or titles. 

Dl-GEST', V . t. [Ij. digestum.] ]. To distribute into suita- 
J)le classes, or under proper heads or titles ; to arrange in 
convenient order; to dispose in due method. 2. To ar- 
range methodically in the mind ; to form with due 
arrangement of parts. 3. To separate or dissolve in the 
stomach, as food ; to reduce to minute parts fit to enter 
the lacteals and circulate ; to concoct ; to convert into 
chyme. — 4. In chemistry, to soften and prepare by heat ; 
to expose to a gentle heat in a boiler or matrass, as a pre- 
paration for chemical operations. 5. To bear witli pa- 
tience ; to brook ; to receive without resentment ; not to 
reject. G. To prepare in the mind ; to dispose in a man- 
ner that shall improve the understanding and heart ; to 
prepare for nourishing practical duties. 7. To dispose an 
ulcer or wound to suppurate. 8. To dissolve and prepare 
for manure, as plants and other substances. 

DI-GEST', V . i. 1. To be prepared by heat. 2. To suppu- 
rate ; to generate laudable ])us ; as an ulcer or wound. 3. 
To dissolve and be prepared for manure, as substances in 
compost. 

DI-GEST^ED, pp. Reduced to method ; arranged in due 
order ; concocted or prepared in the stomach or by a gen- 
tle heat ; received without rejection ; borne ; disposed for 
use. 

DI-GEST'ED-LY, adv. In a methodical and regular way. 

DI-GEST'ER, n. 1. He that digests or disposes in order. 

2. One who digests his food. 3. A medicine or article of 
food that aids digestion, or strengthens the digestive 
power of the stomach. 4. A strong vessel contrived by 
Papin, in which to boil bony substances with a strong heat. 

DI-GEST-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being digestible. 

DI-GEST I-BLE, a. Capable of being digested. Bacon. 

DI-GEST'IXG, ppr. Arranging in due order, or under 
proper heads ; dissolving and preparing for circulation in 
the stomach ; softening and preparing by heat ; disposing 
for practice ; disposing to generate pus ; brooking ; reduc- 
ing by heat to a fluid state. 

DI-GES'TION, 71. [L. digestio.] 1. The conversion of food 
into chyme, or the process of dissolving aliment in the 
stomach, and preparing it for circulation and nourishment. 
— 2. In chemistry, the operation of exposing bodies to a 
gentle heat, to prepare them for some action on each 
other ; or the slow action of a solvent on any substance. 

3. The act of methodizing and reducing to order ; the ma- 
turation of a design. 4. The process of maturing an ulcer 
or wound, and disposing it to generate pus ; or the gener- 
ation of matter. 5. The process of dissolution and pre- 
paration of substances for manure, as in compost. 

DI-GESTTVE, a. 1. Having the power to cause digestion 
in the stomach. 2. Capable of softening and preparing 
by heat. 3. Methodizing; reducing to order. 4. Causing 
maturation in wounds or ulcers. 5. Dissolving. 

DI-GEST^IVE, 71. 1. In medicine, any preparation or medi- 
cine which increases the tone of the stomach, and aids 
digestion ; a stomachic ; a corroborant. — 2. In surgery, 
an application which ripens an ulcer or wound, or dis- 
poses it to suppurate . — Digestive salt, the muriate of pot- 
asl). 

DI-GESTTJRE, n. Concoction ; digestion. [Little used.] 

DIG'GA-BLE, a. That may be digged. 

DIGGED, pret. and pp. of dig. 

DIGGER, n. One who digs; one who opens, throw'^s up 
and breaks the earth ; one who opens a well, pit, trench, 
or ditch. 

fDlGHT, (dite) t. [Sax. diht.] To prepare; to put in 
order ; hence, to dress, or put on ; to array ; to adorn. 
Milton. 

DIGT'I’, n. [L. digitus.] 1. The measure of a finger’s 
breadth, or three fourths of an inch. 2. The twelfth part 
of the diameter of the sun or moon ; a term used to ex- 
press the quantity of an eclipse. — 3. In arithmetic, any in- 
teger under 10 ; so called from counting on the fingers. 
Thus, ]. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. are called digits. 

DIG'I-TAL, a. [L. digitalis.] Pertaining to the fingers, or 
to digits. 

DIGT-TATE, or DIG'I-TA-TED, a. In botany, a digitate 
leaf is one which branches into several distinct leaflets 
like fingers. 

t DlGT-TATE, v. t. To point out as with a finger. 

DI-GLa'DI-ATE, V. i. [L. digladior.] To fence ; to quarrel. 
[Little used.] 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BULL, UNITE. — CasK ; Gas J ; SasZ ; CHasSII ; THasint/ti#. f Obsolete. 


DIL 


DIL 248 


DI-GLA-DI-a'TION, 71. A combat with swords ; a quarrel. 
B. Jonson. 

DIG-NI-F1-€a'TION, n. The act of dignifying; exalta- 
tion ; promotion. Walton. 

DIG'NI-FIEDj pp. 1. Exalted ; honored ; invested with 
dignity. 2. a. Marked with dignity ; noble. 

DIG'iVI-F^, V. t. [Sp. dignijicar.] 1. To invest with hon- 
or or dignity ; to exalt in rank ; to promote ; to elevate 
to a high ortice. 2. To honor ; to make illustrious ; to 
distinguish by some excellence, or that which gives celeb- 
rity. 

DIG'NI-TA-RY, n. An ecclesiastic who holds a dignity, or 
a benefice which gives him some pre-eminence over mere 
priests and canons. 

DIG'Nl-TY, n. [L. dignitas.] 1. True honor; nobleness 
or elevation of mind, consisting in a high sense of propri- 
ety, tiJitli and justice, with an abhorrence of mean and 
sinful actions; opposed to meanness. 2. Elevation ; hon- 
orable place or rank of elevation ; degree of excellence, 
either in estimation or in the order of nature. 3. Eleva- 
tion of aspect ; grandeur of mein. 4. Elevation of deport- 
ment. 5. An elevated ofiice, civil or ecclesiastical, giving 
a high rank in society ; advancement ; preferment, or the 
rank attached to it. G. The rank or title of a nobleman. 
— 7. In oratory^ one of the three parts of elocution, consist- 
ing in the right use of tropes and figures. 8. In astrology^ 
an advantage which a planet has on account of its being 
in some particular place of the zodiac, or in a particular 
station in respect to other planets. 9. A general maxim, 
or principle ; \not used.'] Brown. 

tDlG-No'TlON, n. [L. dignosco.] Distinguishing mark ; 
distinction. Brown. 

DIG'O-NOUS, a. [Gr. bis and yiovia.] In botany, having 
two angles, as a stem. 

DrCIlAPlI, 71. [Gr. and ypa^o).] A union of two vow- 
els, of which one only is pronounced, as in head. Sheridan, 

DI-GRESS', V. 7. [L. di^rre6sits.] 1. Literally, to step or 
from the way or road ; hence, to depart or wander from 
the main subject, design or tenor of a discourse, argu- 
ment or narration ; used only of speaking or writing. Locke. 
2. To go out of the right way or common track ; to devi- 
ate ; [not now in Shak. 

1)I-GRESS'ING, ppr. Departing from the main subject. 

DI-GRES'SION, 71. [L. digressio.] 1. The act of digress- 
ing ; a departure from the main subject under considera- 
tion ; an excursion of speech or writing. 2. The part or 
passage of a discourse, argument or narration, which de- 
viates from the main subject, tenor or design, but which 
may have some relation to it, or be of use to it. 3. Devia- 
tion from a regular course ; \little used.] Brown. 

DI-GRES'SION-AL, a. Pertaining to or consisting in digres- 
sion ; departing from the main purpose or subject. Warton. 

DI-GRESS'IVE, a. Departing from the main subject; par- 
taking of the nature of digression. Johnson. 

DI-GRESS'IV’^E-LY, ado. l»y way of digression. 

DI'GYN, n. [Gr. bis and ywy.] In botany, a plant having 
two pistils. 

Di-CtYN'1-AN, a. Having two pistils. 

DI-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. dts and tb^a.] Having two sides, as 
a figure. 

DTHe'DRON^ 71. A figure with two sides or surfaces. 

Di-HEX-A-He'1)RAL, a. In crystalography, having the 
form of a hexahedral prism wfith trihedral summits. 

Dl-Ju'Dl-€ATE, V. t. [L. dijudico.] To judge or determine 
by censure. Hales. 

DI-JU-DI-€A'T10N, n. Judicial distinction. 

DIKE, 77. [Sax. die ; Sw. dike ; D. dyk.] 1. A ditch ; an exca- 
vation made in the earth by digging, of greater length than 
breadth, intended as a reservoir of water, a drain, or for 
other purpose. 2. A mound of earth, of stones, or of 
other materials, intended to prevent low’ lands from being 
inundated by the sea or a river. 3. A vein of basalt, 
greenstone or other stony substance. 

DIKE, V. t. To surround with a dike ; to secure by a bank. 

I DIKE, V. i. To dig. 

DI-LAC'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. dilacero.] To tear ; to rend 
asunder ; to separate by force. 

DT-LAC'ER-A-TED, pp. I'orn ; rent asunder. 

Dt-L.\C'ER-A-TING, ppr. Tearing ; rending in two. 

DI-LAC-ER-a'TION, 77. The act of rending asunder; a 
tearing, or rending. [In lieu of these words, lacerate, lac- 
eration, are generally used.] 

DI-La'NI-ATE, 77. t. [L. dilanio.] To tear; to rend in 
pieces ; io mangle. [Little itsed.] 

DI-LA-NI-a'TION, 77. A tearing in pieces. 

Dl-L APT-DATE, v. i. [L. dilapido.] To go to min ; to fall 
by decay. 

DI-LAPT-DATE, v. t. 1. To pull down ; to waste or de- 
stroy ; to suffer to go to ruin. 2. To W'^aste ; to squander. 

DI-LAP'I-DA-TED, pp. Wasted ; ruined ; pulled down ; 
suffered to go to ruin. 

DI-L APT- DA-TING, ppr. Wasting; pulling down ; suffer, 
ing to go to ruin. 


DI-LAP-I-DA'TION, n. 1. Ecclesiastical waste ; a volun- 
tary wasting or suffering to go to decay any building in 
possession of an incumbent. 2. Destruction ; demolition ; 
decay ; ruin. 3 Peculation. 

DI-LAPT-DA-TOR, n. One who causes dilapidation. 

DI-LA-TA-BILT-TY, 77 . The quality of admitting expan- 
sion by the elastic force of the body itself, or of an another 
elastic substance acting upon it. 

DI-LaT'A-BLE, a. Capable of expansion ; possessing elas- 
ticity ; elastic. 

DIL-A-Ta'TTON, 71. The act of expanding ; expansion ; a 
spreading or extending in all directions ; the state of being 
expanded. 

DI-LaTE', V. t. [L. dilato.] 1. To expand ; to distend ; to 
enlarge or extend in all directions. 2. To enlarge ; to 
relaj,e at large ; to tell copiously or diffusely. 

D1-EaTE', v.i. 1. To widen ; to expand ; to swell or extend 
in all directions. 2. To speak largely and copiously ; to 
dwell on in narration. 

DI-LATE', a. Expanded ; expansive. 

DI-LAT'ED, 77 / 7 . Expanded; distended; enlarged so as to 
occupy a greater space. 

DI-LAT'ER, 77. One who enlarges ; that which expands. 

DI-LATTNG, ppr. Expanding; enlarging; speaking large- 
ly- 

Dl-LAT'OR, n. That which widens or expands ; a muscle 
that dilates. 

DIL'A-TO-RI-LY, adv. With delay ; tardily. 

DIL'A-TO-RI-NESS, n. The quality of being dilatory or 
late ; lateness ; slowness in motion ; delay in proceeding ; 
tardiness. 

DIL'A-TO-RY, a. [Fr. d’datoire.] 1. Literally, drawing 
out or extending in time ; hence, slow ; late ; tardy; ap- 
plied to things. 2. Given to procrastination ; not proceed- 

• ing with diligence ; making delay ; slow ; late ; applied to 
persons. 3. In law, intended to make delay ; tending to 
dela^y. 

DI-LE€'TION, n. [L. dilectio.] A loving. Martin. 

DI-LEM'MA, 71. [Gr. biXyppa.] 1. In logic, an argument 
equally conclusive by contrary suppositions. 2. A difficult 
or doubtful choice ; a state of things in which evils or ob- 
stacles jjresent themselves on every side, and it is diffi- 
cult to determine what course to pursue. 

DIL-ET-TAN'TE, n. [It.] One who delights in promoting 
science or the fine arts. Burke. 

DILT-GENCE, n. [L. d'lligentia.] 1. Steady application in 
business of any kind ; constant effort to accomplish what 
is undertaken ; exertion of body or mind without unneces- 
sary delay or sloth ; due attention ; industry ; assiduity. 
2. Care ; heed ; heedfulness. 3. The name of a stage- 
coach, used in France. 

DILT-GENT, a. [L. diligens.] 1. Steady in application to 
business ; constant in effort or exertion to accomplish 
what is undertaken ; assiduous ; attentive ; industrious ; 
not idle or negligent; applied to persons. 2. Steadily ap- 
plied ; prosecuted with care and constant effort ; careful ; 
assiduous. 

DILT-GENT-LY, adv. With steady application and care ; 
with industry or assiduity ; not carelessly ; not negligent- 
ly- 

DILL, 77 . [Sax. dil, dile.] An annual plant. 

DILL, V. t. To soothe ; to blunt ; to silence pain or sound. 
Grose. 

fDI-Lu'CID, a. HL. diliicidus.] Clear. 

t DI-I.u CI-DATE, V. t. To make clear. See Elucidate. 

DI-LU-CI-DA'TION, n. The act of making clear. 

DI-Lu'ClD-LY, adv. Evidently ; clearly. 

DIL'U-ENT, a. [L. diluens.] 1. Making liquid, or more 
fluid ; making thin ; attenuating. 2. Weakening the 
strength of, by mixture with water. 

DILTJ-ENT, n. 1. That which thins or attenuates ; that 
which makes more liquid. 2. That which weakens the 
strength of ; as water, which, mixed with wine or spirit, 
reduces the strength of it. 

Dl-LuTE', V. t. [L. diluo, dilutus.] 1. Literally, to wash ; 
but appropriately, to render liquid, or more liquid ; to 
make thin, or more fluid. 2. To weaken, as spirit or 
an acid, by an admixture of water, which renders the 
spirit or acid less concentrated. 3. To make weak or 
weaker, as color, by mixture. 4. To weaken ; to reduce 
the strength or standard of. 

DI-LuTE', a. Thin; attenuated; reduced in strength, as 
spirit or color. Mewton. 

DI-LuT'ED, 7777 . Made liquid; rendered more fluid ; weak- 
ened ; made thin, as liquids. 

DI-LuT'ER, n. That which makes thin, or more liquid. 

DI-LuTTNG, ppr. Making thin, or more liquid ; weaken- 
ing. 

DI-Lu'TION, 77. The act of making thin, weak, or more 
liquid. Arbuthnot. 

DI-LCWI-AL, 1 a. [L. diluvium.] 1. Pertaining to a flood or 

DI-Lu'VI-AN, I deluge, more especially to the deluge in 
Noah’s days. 2. Effected or produced by a deluge, par- 
*icularly by the great flood in the days of Noah. Buckland. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 6, 0, Y, long.— FAB., F^LL, WH^\T ;— PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD i Obsolete. 


DIP 


DIN 249 


DI-LO'VI-ATE, V. i. To run as a flood. [J\Tot much used.] 
Sand/fs. 

DI-LU'VI-UM, »i. [L.] In a deposit of superficial 

loam, sand, gravel, Acc., caused by the deluge. 

DIM, a. [c?ax. diin.] J. Not seeing clearly j having the vision 
obscured and indistinct. 2. Not clearly seen ; obscure j 
imperfectly seen or discovered. 3. Somewhat dark ; 
dusky ; not luminous. 4. Dull of apprehension ; having 
obscure conceptions. 5. Having its lustre obscured j sul- 
lied ; tarnished. 

DIM, V. t. J. To cloud; to impair the powers of vision. 
2. To obscure. 3. To render dull the powers of concep- 
tion. 4. To make less bright ; to obscure. 5. To render 
less bright ; to tarnish or sully. 

t DIM'BLE, n. A bower ; a cell or retreat. B. Jonson. 

DIME, n. [Fr.] A silver coin of the United States^ of the 
value of ten cents ; the tenth of a dollar. 

DI-MEN'SION, n. [L. dimensio.] In geometry^ the extent 
of a body, or length, breadth and thickness or depth. 

DI-MEN JSION-LESS, a. Without any definite measure or 
extent ; boundless. JMilton. 

DI-MEN'Sl-TY, 71. Extent ; capacity. Howell. 

Dl-MEN'SIVE, a. That marks the boundariesoroutlir.es. 
Davies. 

DIM'E-TER, a. [L.] Having two poetical measures 

DIM'E-TE_R, 71. A verse of two measures. 

tI)IM-I-€A*TION, 71. A battle, a contest. Diet. 

DI-MID'I-ATE, V. t. [L. dimidio.] To divide into two equal 
parts. 

Dl-MIDH-A-TED, a. [L. dimidiatus.] Divided into two 
equal parts : halved. 

DI-MID-I- action, n. The act of halving ; division into two 
equal parts. 

DI-MIN'ISH, V. t. [L. diminuo.] 1. To lessen ; to make 
less or smaller, by any means. 2. To lessen : to impair ; 
to degrade. — 3. In music, to take from a note by a sharp, 
flat or natural. — To diminish from, to take away some- 
thing ; [o6s.] 

DI-MINHcjH, V. i. To lessen ; to become or appear less or 
smaller. 

DI-MINHSH-A-BLE, a. Capable of being diminished. 

DI-MIN'ISHED, pp. Lessened ; made smaller ; reduced in 
size ; contracted ; degraded. 

DI-MINHSH-ER, n. That which, or one who, impairs or 
lessens. 

DI-MIN'ISH-ING, ppr. Lessening ; contracting ; degrading. 

DI-MIN'ISH-ING-LY, adv. In a manner to lessen reputa- 
tion. Locke. 

DI-MIN'U-ENT, a. Lessening. [Little used.] 

t DIM'I-NUTE, a. Small. Gorges. 

t DIM'I-NUTE-LY, adv. In a manner which lessens. 

DIM-I-Nu'TION, 71. [L. diminutio.] 1. The act of lessening ; 
a making smaller. 2. The state of becoming or appearing 
less. 3. Discredit ; loss of dignity ; degradation. 4. De- 
privation of dignity ; a lessening of estimation.— 5. In 
architecture, the contraction of the upper part of a column, 
by which its diameter is made less than that of the lower 
part. — 6. In mxisic, the imitation of or reply to a subject in 
notes of half the length or value of those of the subject it- 
self. 

DI-MIN'U-TIVE, a. [Fr. diminutif.] Small ; little ; narrow ; 
contracted. 

DI-MlN'U-TiVE, n. In grammar, a word formed from 
another word, usually an appellative or generic term, to 
express a little thing of the kind. 

DI-MIN'U-TIVE-LY, adv. In a diminutive manner; in a 
manner to lessen. 

DI-MIN'U-TIVE-NESS, n. Smallness; littleness; want of 
bulk ; want of dignity. 

DIM'ISH, a. Somewhat dim or obscure. 

DI-MIS'SION, 77. Leave to depart. Huloet. 

^ DIM'IS-SO-RY, a. [L. dimissorius.] 1. Sending away; 
dismissing to another jurisdiction. 2. Granting leave to 
depart. 

f DI-MIT', V. t. [L. dimitto.] To permit to go ; to grant to 
farm ; to let. 

DIM'I-TY, 77. [D. diemit.] A kind of white cotton cloth, 
ribbed or figured. 

DI^I EY, adv. 1. In a dim or obscure manner ; with imper- 
fect sight. 2. Not brightly, or clearly ; with a faint light. 

Dni MING, ppr. Obscuring. 

DIM MING, 77. Obscurity. Shak. 

DOl'NESS, 77. 1. Dullness of sight. 2. Obscurity of vision ; 
imperfect sight. 3. Faintness ; imperfection. 4. Want 
of brightness. 5. Want of clear apprehension ; stupidity. 

DIM'PLE, 77. A small natural cavity or depression in the 
cheek or other part of the face. 

DIM PLE, V. i. To form dimples; to sink into depressions 
or little inequalities. Dryden. 

DIMTLED, a. Set with dimples. 

I>IM'PLY, a. Full of dimples, or small depressions. 

DI M'-SlGHT-ED, a. Having dim or obscure vision. 

DIN, 71. [Sax. dyn.] Noise ; a loud sound ; particularly, a 
rattling, clattering or rumbling sound, long continued. 


DIN, V. t. To strike with continued or confused sound ; to 
stun with noise ; to harass with clamor. 

DINE, V. i. l^ux. dynan.] To eat the chief meal of the day. 
DINE, V. t. To give a dinner to ; to furnish with the prin- 
cipal meal ; to feed. 

t DI-NET'I-GAL, a. [Gr. SivyriKog.] Whirling round. 
DING, v.t . ,' pret. dung, or dinged. [Sax. denegan ] To thrust 
or dash with violence. [Little M6cd.] 

DING, V. i. To bluster ; to bounce. [A low word.] 
DING'DONG. Words used to express the sound of bells. 
Shak. 

DIN'GI-NESS, 77. A dusky or dark hue ; brownness. 
DIN'GLE, 77. A narrow dale or valley between hills. 
DIN'GLE-DAN'GLE. Hanging loosely, or something dan- 
gling. JVarton. 

DIN'GY a. {Soiled ; sullied ; of a dark color ; brown ; dusky ; 
dun 

DiN'ING, ;?77r. Eating the principal meal in the day. 
DIN'ING-ROOM, n. A room for a family or for company to 
dine in ; a room for entertainments. 

DIN'NER, 77. [Fr. diner’, Ir. dinner.] 1. The meal taken 
about the miudle of llie day ; or the principal meal of the 
day, eaten between noon and evening. 2. An entertain- 
ment ; a feast. 

DIN'NER-TIME, n. The usual time of dining. 

DINT, 77. [Sax. dijnt.] 1. A blow ; astroke. 2. Force; vio- 
lence ; power exerted. 3. The mark made by a blow ; a 
cavity or impression made by a blow or by pressure on a 
substance ; often pronounced dent. Dryden. 

DINT, V. t. To make a mark or cavity on a substance by a 
blow or by pressure. [See Indent.] Donne. 

DINT'ED, pp. Marked by a blow or by pressure. 
DINT'ING, ppr. Impressing marks or cavities. 
DI-NU-MER-a'TION, 77. The act of numbering singly. 
[Little used.] 

* DFO-CE-SAN, a. [The accent on the first and on the third 
syllable is nearly equal.] Pertaining to a diocese. 
*DI'0-CE-SAN, 77. A bisliop : one in possession of a dio- 
cese, and having the ecclesiastical jurisdiction over it. 
DT'O-CESE, } 77. [Gr. SioiKTjais,] [Diocess is an erroneous 
DFO-CESS, ^ orthography.] The circuit or extent of a 
bishop’s jurisdiction ; an ecclesiastical division of a king- 
dom or state, subject to the authority of a bishop. 
DI-OG-TA-HE'DRAL, a. In cry sialography, having the 
form of an octahedral prism with tetrahedral summits. 
DT'O-DON, 77. The sun-fish. 

DT'O-MEDE, 77. An aquatic fowl of the web-footed kind. 
Di-OP'SIDE, 77. [Gr. Sioxpis.] A rare mineral, regarded by 
Ilauy as a variety of augite. 

DI-OP'TASE, 77. Emerald copper ore, a translucent mineral, 
occurring crystalized in six-sided prisms. 

DT-OP'TI€, \ a. [Gr. StoTrrpiKos.] 1. Affording a me- 
DI-OP'TI-€AL, ( dium for the sight ; assisting the sight 
Di-OP'TRI€, ? in the view of distant objects. 2. Per- 
DI-0P'TRI-€AL, ) taining to dioptrics, or the science of 
refracted light. 

Dl-OP'TRI€t?, 77. That part of optics which treats of the re- 
fractions of light passing through diflerent mediums, as 
through air, water or glass. 

DI-O-RA'MA, 77. [Gr. Sia and opapa.] A newly invented 
optical machine giving a variety of light and shade. 
DT'O-RD^M, 77 . [Gr. 57op777f7a.] Definition. [Ra-^ely used.] 
DLO-RIS'Tl€, a. Distinguishing; defining. [Rarely used.] 
Di-0-RIS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In a distinguishing manner. 
DI-OR-THo'SIS, 77. A chirurgical operation, by which 
crooked or distorted members are restored to their primi- 
tive shape. 

DIP, V. t. ; pret. and pp. dipped, ox dipt. [Sax. dippan.] 1 . To 
plunge or immerse, for a moment or short time, in water 
or other liquid substance ; to put into a fluid, and with- 
draw. 2. To take with a ladle or other vessel by immers- 
ing it in a fluid ; as, to dip water from a boiler. 3. To 
engage ; to take concern. Dryden. 4. To engage as a 
pledge ; to mortgage ; [little used. ] Dryden . 5. To moisten ; 
to wet ; [M7777 S 77 77/.] MUtou. fi. To baptize by immersion. 
DIP, V. i. 1. To sink ; toimmerge in a liquid. 2. To enter ; 
to pierce. 3. To engage ; to take a concern ; as, to dip 
into the funds. 4. To enter slightly ; to look cursorily, or 
here and there. .5. To choose by chance ; to thrust and 
take. 6. To incline downward. 

DIP, 77 . Inclination downward ; a slo])ing ; a direction be- 
low a horizontal line ; depression. — The dip of a stratum, 
in geology, is its greatest inclination to the horizon, or 
that onli line perpendicular to its direction or course; 
called also the pitch. 

DIP'-CHIGK, 77. A small bird that dives. 

DI-PET 'A -LOUS, a. [Gr. and ttctoXov.] Having two 
flower-leaves or petals ; two-petaled. 

DIPH'TIIONG, 77 . [Gr. ^KpOoyyog.] A coalition or union of 
two vowels pronounced in one syllable. 
DIPH-TIIONG'AL, a. Belonging to a diphthong ; consist- 
ing of two vowel sounds pronounced in one syllable. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


DIR 


250 


DIS 


DIPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. Sis and 0uAAov.] In botany, having 
two leaves, as a calyx, &c. 

DIP'LOE, n. fGr. ^iTrAouf.] The soft meditulli urn, medulla- 
ry substance, or porous part, between the plates of the skull. 

DI-PLo^MA, n. [Gr. SinXiofia.] A letter or writing confer- 
ring some power, authority, privilege or honor. 

DI-PLcvAIA-CY, n. 1. 'J’he customs, rules and privileges of 
embassadors, envoys, and other representatives of princes 
and states at foreign courts; forms of negotiation. 2. A 
diplomatic body ; the whole body of ministers at a foreign 
court. 3. The agency or management of ministers at a 
foreign court. 

DI-PL6'MATE, v. t. To invest with a privilege. 

DIP'LO-MA-TED, a. Made by diplomas. Kcnnet. 

l)IP-LO-MAT'I€, a. 1. Pertaining to diplomas ; privileged. 

2. Furnished with a diploma; authorized by letters or 
credentials to transact business for a sovereign at a foreign 
court,. 3. Pertaining to ministers at a foreign court, or to 
men authorized by diploma. 

DIP-LO-MAT'l€, n. A minister, official agent or envoy to 
a foreign court. 

DIP-LO-MATrtGS, n. The science of diplomas, or of an- 
cient writings, literary and public documents, letters, &c. 

DI-PLoMA-TlST, 71. One employed or versed in affairs 
of state. 

DIP'PER, 71. 1. One that dips ; he or that which dips. 2. A 
vessel used to dip water or other liquor ; a ladle. 

DIPd’ING, j)pr. 1. Plunging or immersing into a liquid, and 
speedily withdrawing. 2. Engaging or taking a concern 
in. 3. Looking into, here and there ; examining in a 
cursory, slight or hasty manner. 4. Inclining downward. 
5. Breaking ; inclining. 

DIPTING, 71. 1. The act of plunging or immersing. 2. The 
act of inclining towards the earth ; inclination downwards. 

3. The interruption of a vein of ore, or stratum of a fossil, 
in a mine ; or a sloping downwards. 4. The act of bap- 
tizing by the immersion of the whole body in water. 

DIPrt’iNG-NEE'DLE, n. A needle that dips ; a magnetic 
needle which dips or inclines to the earth ; an instrument 
wliich shows the inclination of the magnet, at the differ- 
ent points of the earth’s surface. 

DI-PR IS-MAT'1€, a. Doubly prismatic. Jameson. 

DIP'SAS, 71. [Gr. A serpent whose bite produces a 

mortal thirst. 

DIP'TER, I n. [Gr. Sis and nrepov.J The dipters are an 

DIP'TE-RA, \ order of insects having only two wings, 
and two poisers, as the fly. 

DIP'TE-RAL, a. Having two wings only. 

DIP/TOTE, 77. [Gr. from Sis and TrtTrrco.] In grammar, a 
noun which has only two cases. 

DIP'TYGII, 77. [Gr. ^(rru;^of.] A public register of the 
names of consuls and other magistrates among pa- 
gans ; and of bishops, martyrs and others, among Chris- 
tians. 

DI-P5RE/, n. A mineral occurring in minute prisms. 

DIRE, a. [L. <i7r7i.9.] Dreadful ; dismal ; horrible ; terrible ; 
evil in a great degree. 

DI-RECT', a. [L. directus.l 1. Straight ; right. — 2. In as- 
tronomy, appearing to move forward in the zodiac, in the 
direction of the signs ; opposed to retrograde. 3. In the 
line of father and son ; opposed to collateral. 4. Leading 
or tending to an end, as by a straight line or course ; not 
circuitous. 5. Open ; not ambiguous or doubtful. 6. 
Plain ; express ; not ambiguous. — 7. In music, a direct in- 
tei-val is that which forms any kind of harmony on the 
fundamental sound which produces it ; as the fifth, ma- 
jor, third and octave. — Direct tax is a tax assessed on 
real estate, as houses and lands. 

DI-RECT', 75. t. [L. directum.] 1. To point or aim in a 
straight line, towards a place or object. 2. To point ; to 
show the right road or course. 3. To regulate ; to guide 
or lead ; to govern ; to cause to proceed in a particular 
manner. 4. To prescribe a course ; to mark out a way. 
5. To order ; to instruct ; to point out a course of proceed- 
ing, with authority ; to command. 

DI-RECT', 77. In music, a character placed at the end of a 
stave to direct the performer to the first note of the next 
stave. Bushy. 

DI-RECT'ED, pp. Aimed; pointed; guided; regulated; 
governed; ordered; instructed. 

Di-RECT'ER, 71. A director, which see. 

DI-RECT'ING, ppr. Aiming ; pointing ; guiding ; regulat- 
ing ; governing ; ordering. 

DI-REG'TION, 71. \\j. directio.] 1. Aim at a certain point; 
a pointing towards, in a straight line or course. 2. The 
line in which a body moves by impulse ; course. 3. A 
straight line or course. 4. The act of governing ; admin- 
istration ; management ; guidance ; superintendance. 5. 
Regularity ; adjustment. 6. Order ; prescription, either 
verbal or written ; instruction in what manner to proceed. 
7. The superscription of a letter, including tlie name, 
title and place of abode of the person for whom it is in- 
tended. 8. A body or board of directors. 


Dl-RECT'IVE, a. 1. Having the power of direction. Hooker 
2. Informing ; instructing ; showing the way. 

DI-RECT'LY, adv. 1. In a straight line or course ; rectil- 
ineally ; not in a winding course. 2. Immediately ; soon ; 
without delay. 3. Openly; expressly; witliout circum- 
locution or ambiguity, or witiiout a train of inferences, 

DI-RECT'NESS, n. Straightness ; a straight course ; near- 
ness of way. Bentley. 

DI-RECT'OR, 77. 1 . One who directs ; one who superintends, 
governs or manages ; one who prescribes to others, by 
virtue of authority ; an instructor ; a counselor. 2. That 
which directs ; a rule ; an ordinance. 3. One appointed 
to transact the affairs of a company. 4. That which di- 
rects or controls by infiuence. Hamilton. — 5. In surgery, 
a grooved probe, intended to direct the edge of tlie knife 
or scissors in opening sinuses or fistula? ; a guide for an 
incision-knife. 

DI-REC-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to directors or direction ; 
containing direction or command. 

DI-RECT'O-RY, a. Containing directions ; enjoining ; in- 
structing. 

DI-RECT'O-RY, n. 1 . A guide ; a rule to direct ; particu- 
larly, a book containing directions for jHiblic worship, 
or religious services. 2. A book containing an alphabet- 
ical list of the inhabitants of a city, with their places of 
abode. 3. The supreme council of Fiance, in the late 
Revolution. 4. A board of directors. 

DI-RECT'RESS, n. A female who directs or man.ages. 

DI-RECT'RIX, 77. A female who governs or directs. 

DIRE'FIJL, a. Dire ; dreadful ; terrible ; calamitous. Dry- 
den. 

DIRE'FIJL-LY, adv. Dreadfully ; terribly ; wofully. 

DI-REM P'TION, 77. diremptio.] A separation. Hall. 

DIRE'NESS, 77. Terribleness ; horror ; dismalness. Shak. 

DI-REP'TION, 77. [L. direptio.] The act of plundering. 

DillGE, f durj) n. [L. dirige.] A song or tune intended to ex- 
press grief, sorrow and mourning. 

DIR'I-GENT, or DI-RECT'RIX, n. In geometry, the line 
of motion along which the describent line or surface is 
carried in the generation of any plane or solid figure. 

DiRK, 77. A kind of dagger or poniard. 

fDiRK, a. Dark. Spenser. 

fDiRK, V. t. 1. To darken. 2. To poniard ; to stab. 

DIRT, 77. [Sax. gedritan.] 1. Any foul or filthy substance; 
excrement ; earth ; mud ; mire ; dust ; whatever, adher- 
ing to any thing, renders it foul or unclean. 2. Meanness ; 
sordidness ; [not in 775c.] 

DillT, v'.t. To make foul or filthy ; to soil ; to bedaub; to 
pollute ; to defile. Swift. 

DiRT'I-LY, adv. 1. In a dirty manner; foully; nastily; 
filthily. 2. Meanly ; sordidly ; by low means. 

DiRT'I-NESS, 77. 1. Filthiness; foulness; nastiness. 2. 
Meanness ; baseness ; sordidness. 

DiRT'Y, a. 1. Foul; nasty; filthy; not clean; as dirty 
hands. 2. Not clean ; not pure ; turbid. 3. Cloudy ; 
dark ; dusky. 4. Mean ; base ; low ; despicable ; grovel- 
ing. 

DiRT'Y, V. t. 1. To foul ; to make filthy ; to soil. 2. To 
garnish ; to sully ; to scandalize. 

Di-RUP'TION, 77. [L. diTniptio.] A bursting or rending 
asunder. See Disruption. 

DIS, a prefix or inseparable preposition, from the Latin, 
whence Fr. des, Sp. dis, and de may in some instances be 
the same word contracted. Dis denotes separation, a 
parting from ; hence, it has the force of a privative and 
negative, as in disarm, disoblige, disagree. 

DIS-A-BIL'I-TY, 77. 1. Want of competent natural or bodi- 
ly power, strength or ability ; w'eakness ; impotence. 2. 
Want of competent intellectual power or strength of mind ; 
incapacity. 3. Want of competent means or instruments. 

4. Want of legal qualifications ; incapacity. 

DIS-a'BLE, V. t. 1. To render unable ; to deprive of com- 
petent natural strength or power. 2. To deprive of men- 
tal pow'er, as by destroying or weakening the understand- 
ing. 3. To deprive of adequate means, instruments or 
resources. 4. To destroy the strength ; or to w’eaken and 
impair so as to render incapable of action, service or re- 
sistance. .5. To destroy or impair and weaken tlie means 
which render any thing active, efficacious or useful ; to 
destroy or diminish any competent means. 6. To deprive 
of legal qualifications, or competent power; to incapaci- 
tate ; to render incapable. 

DIS-a'BLED, pp. Deprived of competent powder, corporeal 
or intellectual ; rendered incapable ; deprived of means. 

DIS-a'BLE-MENT, 77. Weakness ; disability ; legal im- 
pechment. Bacon. 

DIS-a'BLING, ppr. Rendering unable or incapable; de- 
priving of adequate power or capacity, or of legal qualifi- 
cations^ 

DIS-A-Bu?E', V. t. [Fr. desahuser.] To free from mistake ; 
to undeceive ; to disengage from fallacy or deception; to 
set right. 

DIS-A-BuS'ED, (dis-a-buzd') pp. Undeceived. 

DIS-A-BuS'ING, 2 >pr. Undeceiving. 


* See Synopsis, a, k, I, o, U, Y, Zot?^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;—riN, MARINE, BiRD f Obsolete. 


DIS 


251 


DIS 


DIS-A€-COM'MO-DATE, v. t. To put to inconvenience. 

DIS-A€-C0M-M0-Da'T10N, n. A state of being unaccom- 
modated ; a state of being unprepared. Hale. 

t DIS-AG-€OIlD', V. i. To refuse assent. Spenser, 

DIS-A€-CUS'TOM, v. t. To neglect familiar or customary 
practice ; to destroy the force of habit by disuse. 

DIS-AC-€UtS'TOMED, pp. Disused 3 having neglected 
practice or familiar use. 

DlS-AC-KNO\VL ED(j!E, v. t. To deny 3 to disown. South. 

DlS-A€!-KNOWL'ED6ED, pp. Denied 3 disowned. 

DIS-AE-KNOVVL^EDG-ING, ppr. Denying 3 disowning. 

DIS-AG-GUaINT', V, t. To dissolve acquaintance. [L. m.] 

DIS-A€-UUaIXT'ANCE, n. Neglect or disuse of familiari- 
^ ty, or familiar knowledge of. 

DIS-A-DOKN', V. t. To deprive of ornaments. Congreve. 

tDlS-AD-VANCE', v. t. or i. To check 3 to halt. 

DIS-AD-VAN'TAOE, n. [Fr. desavantage.'] 1. That which 
prevents success, or renders it dillicult 3 a state not favor- 
able to successful operation. 2 . Any unfavorable state 3 
a state in which some loss or injury may be sustained. 
3 . Loss 3 injury 3 prejudice to interest, fame, credit, profit 
or other good. 

DIS-AD-VAN'TxVGE, V. t. To injure in interest 3 to preju- 
dice. 

I DIS-AD-VAN'TAGE-A-BLE, a. Not advantageous. 

DIS-AD-VAN-TA'GEOUS, a. Unfavorable to success or 
prosperity 3 inconvenient 3 not adapted to promote inter- 
est, reputation or other good. 

DIS-AD-VAN-Ta'GEOUS-LY, adv. In a manner not fa- 
vorable to success, or to interest, profit or reputation 3 
with loss or inconvenience. 

DIS-AD-VAN-TA'GEOUS-NESS, n. Unfavorableness to 
success 3 inconvenience 3 loss. 

tDIS-AD-VENT'UIlE, 7i. Misfortune. Raleigh. 

t DIS-AD-VENT'U-ROUS, a. Unprosperous. Spenser. 

DIS-AF-FEGT', V. t. 1 . To alienate affection 3 to make less 
friendly to 3 to make less faithful to a person, party or 
cause, or less zealous to support it 3 to make discontented 
or unfriendly. 2 . To disdain, or dislike. Hall. 3 . To 
throw into disorder. Hammond. 

DIS-AF-FECT'ED, pp. or a. Having the affections alienat- 
ed 3 indisposed to favor or support 3 unfriendly. 

DIS-AF-FEGT'ED-LY, adv. In a disaffected manner. 

DIS-AF-FE€T'ED-NESS, n. The quality of being disaf- 
fected. 

DIS-AF-FE€T'ING,ppr. Alienating the affections 3 making 
less friendly# 

DIS-AF-FE€'TION, n. 1 . Alienation of affection, attach- 
ment or good will 5 want of affection 3 or, more generally ^ 
positive enmity, dislike or unfriendliness 3 disloyalty. 2. 
Disorder ; bad constitution 3 Uittle used.'\ Wiseman. 

DIS-AF-FEG'TION-ATE, a. Not well disposed 3 not friend- 
ly. Blount. 

DIS-AF-FiRM', V. t. 1 . To deny 3 to contradict. 2 . To over- 
throw or annul, as a judicial decision, by a contrary judg- 
ment of a superior tribunal. 

DIS-AF-FiRM'ANCE, n. 1 . Denial 3 negation 3 disproof 3 
confutation. 2 . Overthrow or annulment, by the decision 
of a superior tribunal. 

DIS-AF-FiRM'ED, (dis-af-furmd') pp. Denied 3 contradict- 
ed 3 overthrown. 

DIS-AF-FiRM'ING, ppr. Denying 3 contradicting 3 anull- 
ing. 

DIS-AF-FOR'EST, v. t. To reduce from the privileges of a 
forest to the state of common ground 3 to strip of forest 
laws and their oppressive privileges. 

DIS-AF-FOR'EST-ED, pp. Stripped of forest privileges. 

DIS-AF-FOR'EST-ING, 2 W- Depriving of forest privi- 
leges. 

DIS-AG'GRE-GATE, v. t. To separate an aggregate mass 
into its component parts. 

DIS-AG'GRE-GA-TED, pp. Separated, as an aggregate 
mass. 

DIS-AG'GRE-GA-TING,ppr. Separating, as the parts of an 
aggregate body. 

DIS-AG-GRE-Ga'TION, n. The act or operation of sepa- 
rating an aggregate body into its component parts. 

DIS-A-GREE', v.i. 1 . To differ 3 to be not accordant or 
coincident 3 to be not the same 5 to be not exactly simi- 
lar. 2 . To differ, as in opinion. 3 . To be unsuitable. 

To differ 3 to be in opposition. 

DIS-A-GREE^A-RLE, rt. 1 . Contrary 3 unsuitable 3 not con- 
formable 3 not congruous 3 [little used.] 2 Unpleasing 3 
offensive to the mind, or to the senses. 

DIS-A-GREE' A-BLE-NESS, n. 1 . Unsuitableness 3 contra- 
riety. 2 . Unpleasantness 3 offensiveness to the mind, or 
to tli0 senses# 

DIS-A-GREE'A-BLY, adv. Unsuitably 3 unpleasantly 3 of- 
fensively. 

DIS-A-GREE'ING, ppr. Differing 3 not according or coin- 
ciding. 

DIS-A GREE'MENT, n. 1 . Difference, either in form or 
essence 3 dissimilitude; diversity. 2 . Difference of opin- 
ion or sentiments. 3 . Unsuitabieness. 


f DIS- AL-LIeGE', V. t. To alienate from allegiance* 

DIS-AL-LO \Vi, V. t. [dis and allow.] To refuse permissioHj 
or not to permit 3 not to grant ; not to make or suppose 
lawful 3 not to authorize 3 to disapprove. 2 . To testify 
dislike or disapprobation 3 to refuse assent. 3 . Not to ap- 
prove 3 n®t to receive 3 to reject. 4 . Not to allow or ad- 
mit as just 3 to reject. 

DIS-AL-LOW', V. i. To refuse permission 3 not to grant. 

DIS-AL-LOVV'A-BLE, a. Not allowable 3 not to be suf- 
fered. 

DIS-AL-LOW'ANCE, n. Disapprobation 3 refusal to admit 
or permit 3 prohibition 3 rejection. 

DIS-AL-LOW'El), (dis-al-lowd') pp. Not granted, permit- 
ted or admitted 3 disapproved 3 rejected. 

DIS-AL-LOW'ING, ppr. Not permitting 3 not admitting 3 
disapproving 3 rejecting. 

DIS-AL-LY', V. t. To form an improper alliance. 

DlS-AN'CIiOR, v. t. To force from its anchors. 

f DIS-AN-GEIj'I-CAL, a. Not angelical. Coventry. 

DIS-AN'I-MATE, V. t. 1 . To deprive of life 3 [not 

2 . To deprive of spirit or courage 3 to discourage 3 to dis- 
hearten 3 to deject. 

DIS-AN'I-MA-TED, pp. Discouraged ; dispirited. 

DIS-AN'I-MA-TING, ppr. Discouraging 3 disheartening. 

DIS-AN-I-Ma'TION, n. 1 . The act of discouraging 3 de- 
pression of spirits. 2 . Privation of life 3 [not used.] 

DIS-AN-NUL', V. t. To annul 3 to make void 3 to deprive 
of authority or force ; to nullify 3 to abolish. 

DIS-AN-NUL'LED, (dis-an-nuld') pp. Annulled 3 vacated 3 
made void. 

DIS-AN-NUL'LING, ppr. Making void 3 depriving of au- 
thority or binding force. 

DIS-AN-NUL'MENT, n. The act of making void. 

DIS-A-NOINT', V. t. To render consecration invalid. 

DIS-AP-PAR'EL, V. t. To disrobe 3 to strip of raiment. 

DIS-AP-PeAR', V. i. 1 . To vanish from the sight 3 to re- 
cede from the view 3 to become invisible. 2 . To cease. 

3 . To withdraw from observation. 

DIS-AP-PeAR'ANCE, n. Cessation of appearance 3 a re- 
moval from sight. 

DIS-AP-PeAR'ING, ppr. Vanishing 3 receding from the 
sight 3 becoming invisible. 

DIS-AP-PeAR'ING, n. A vanishing or removal from sight. 

DIS-AP-POINT', V. t. 1 . To defeat of expectation, wish, 
hope, desire or intention 3 to frustrate 3 to balk 3 to hinder 
from the possession or enjoyment of that which was in- 
tended, desired, hoped or expected. 2 . To frustrate 3 to 
prevent an effect intended. 

DIS-AP-POINT'ED, pp. Defeated of expectation, hope, de- 
sire or design 3 frustrated. 

DIS-AP-POINT'ING, ppr. Defeating of expectation, hope, 
desire or purpose 3 frustrating. 

DIS-AP-POINT'MENT, n. Defeat or failure of expectation, 
hope, wish, desire or intention 3 miscarriage of design or 
plan. _ 

DIS-AP-PRe'CIATE, V. t. To undervalue 3 not to esteem. 

DIS-AP-PRO-Ba'TION, 71 . A disapproving 3 dislike 3 the act 
of the mind which condemns what is supposed to be wrong. 

DIS-AP'PRO-BA-TO-RY, a. Containing disapprobation; 
tending to disapprove. 

DIS-AP-PRo'PRI-ATE, a. Not appropriated, or not having 
appropriated. 

DIS-AP-PRo'PRI-ATE, v. t. 1 . To sever or separate, as an 
appropriation ; to withdraw from an appropriate use. 2. 
To deprive of appropriated property, as a church. 

DIS-AP-PRC)V'AL, 71 . Disapprobation 3 dislike. 

DIS-AP-PROVE', V. t. [Fr. desapprouver.] 1 . To dislike; 
to condemn in opinion or judgment 3 to censure as wrong. 

2. I’o manifest dislike or disapprobation 3 to reject, as 
disliked, what is proposed for sanction. 

DIS-AP-PROV'ED, (dis-ap-proovd')pp. Disliked 3 condemn- 
ed 3 rejected. 

DIS-AP-PR 5 V'ING,ppr. Disliking; condemning 3 rejecting 
from dislike. 

t DIS'ARD, 71 . [Sax. dysig.] A prattler ; a boasting talker. 

DIS-XRM', V. t. [Fr. dcsarmcr.] 1 . To deprive of arms 3 to 
take the arms or weapons from, usually by force or au- 
thority. 2 . To deprive of means of attack or defense. 

3 . To deprive of force, strength, or means of annoyance 3 
to render harmless 3 to quell. 4 . To strip 3 to divest of 
any thing injurious or threatening. 

DIS-XR?tI'ED, (diz-armd') pp. Deprived of arms 3 stripped 
of the means of defence or annoyance 3 rendered harm- 
less ; subdued. 

DIS-ARM'ER, ??. One who deprives of arms. 

DIS-ARM'ING, ppr. Stripping of arms or weapons 3 subdu- 
ing 3 rendering harmless. 

DIS-AR-RaNGE', V. t. To put out of order; to unsettle or 
disturb the order or due arrangement of parts. [See De- 
range.] Warto 7 i. 

DIS-AR-RaNGE'MENT, n. The act of disturbing order or 
method ; disorder. Baxter. 

DIS-AR-RaY', v.t. 1 . To undress; to divest of clothes. 
Spenser. 2 . To throw into disorder 3 to rout, as troops. 


* See Sijnopsis. MOA"E, BOOK, D6VE 3 — BULI*, UNITE. — C as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z ; CII as SH 3 TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


DIS 


252 


DIS 


DIS-AIl-RAY^, n. 1. Disorder : confusion ; less or want of 
array or regular order. 2. Undress. 

DIS-AR-IIa Y'ED, (dis-ar-rade') pp. Divested of clothes or 
array 5 disordered. 

DIS-AR-RAY'lNGjppr. Divesting of clothes ; throwing into 
disorder. 

t DlS-AS-SI-Du'I-TY, 71. Want of assiduity or care. 

DIS-AS-So'CIATE, v, t. To disunite ; to disconnect things 
associated. 

DIS-AS'TER, n. [Fr. desastre,] 1. A blast or stroke of an 
unfavorable planet ; [06s.] S/iak. 2. Misfortune ; mishap ; 
calamity ; any unfortunate event, especially a sudden 
misfortune. 

DIS-AS'TER, V, t. To b’ast by the stroke of an unlucky 
planet; also, to injure, to afflict. Shak. 

DIS-AS'TEKED, pp. Blasted ; injured ; afflicted. 

DIS-AS'TROUS, a, 1. Unlucky ; unfortunate ; calamitous; 
occasioning loss or injury. 2. Gloomy ; dismal ; threat- 
ening disaster. 

DIS-AS'TROUS-LY, adv. Unfortunately ; in a dismal man- 
ner. 

DIS-AS^TROUS-NESS, n. Unfortunateness ; calamitous- 
ness. 

DIS-AU'THOR-IZE, v. t. To deprive of credit or authori- 
ty. [Little used.] Wotton. 

DIS-A-VOUCH', V. t. To retract profession ; to deny ; to 
disown. [Little used.] Davies. 

DIS-A-VOW', 7J. t. 1. To deny; to disown; to deny to 
be true, as a fact or charge respecting one’s self. 2. To 
deny ; to disown ; to reject. 3. To dissent from ; not to 
admit as true or justifiable ; not to vindicate. 

DIS-A-VOW'AL, n. 1. Denial; a disowning. 2. Rejec- 
tion ; a declining to vindicate. 

DIS-A-VOW'ED, (dis-a-vowd') pp. Denied; disowned. 

DIS-A-VOW'ING, ppr. Denying; disowning; rejecting as 
something not to be maintained or vindicated. 

DIS-A-VOW'MENT, n. Denial ; a disowning. Wotton. 

DIS-BAND', tj. f. 1. To dismiss from military service ; to 
break up a band or body of men enlisted. 2. To scatter ; 
to disperse. 

DIS-BAND', V. i. 1. To retire from military service; to 
separate ; to break up. 2. To separate ; to dissolve con- 
nection. Tillotson. 3. To be dissolved ; [not w^cd.] Her- 
bert. 

DIS-BAND'ED, pp. Dismissed from military service; sep- 
arated. 

DIS-BANDTNG, ppr. Dismissing from military service; 
separating; dissolving connection. 

DIS-BARK', V. t. [Fr. debarquer. We now use debark and 
disembark^] To land from a ship ; to put on shore. Pope. 

DIS-BE-LIeF', 71. Refusal of credit or faith ; denial of be- 
lief. Tillotson. 

D1S-BE-LIeVE', V. t. Not to believe ; to hold not to be true 
or not to exist ; to refuse to credit. 

DIS-BE-LIeV'ED, (dis-be-leevd') pp. Not believed ; dis- 
credited. 

DIS-BE-LIeV^ER, 71. One who refuses belief ; one who de- 
nies to be true or real. Watts. 

D1S-BE-LIeV'ING, ppr. Withholding belief ; discrediting. 

DIS-BENCH', V. t. To drive from a bench or seat. S/iak. 

t DIS-BLaME', «. t. To clear from blame. Chaucer. 

DIS-BOD'IED, a. Disembodied, which is the loord now used. 

DIS-BOW'EL, V. t. To take out the intestines. 

DIS-BRANCH', v. t. 1. To cut off or separate, as the 
branch of a tree. 2. To deprive of branches. Evelyn. 

DIS-BUD', V. t. To deprive of buds or shoots. 

DIS-BURD'EN, v. t. 1. To remove a burden from ; to un- 
load ; to discharge. 2. To throw ofl' a burden ; to disen- 
cumber ; to clear of any thing weighty, troublesome or 
cumbersome. 

DIS-BURD'EN, v. i. To ease the mind ; to be relieved. 

DIS-BURD'ENED, pp. Eased of a burden ; unloaded; dis- 
encumbered. 

DIS-BURD'EN-ING, ppr. Unloading; discharging; throw- 
ing off a burden ; disencumbering. 

DIS-BURSE', (dis-burs') 7,’. t. [Fr. debourscr.] To pay out, 
as money ; to spend or lay out ; primarily^ to pay money 
from a public chest or treasury, but applicable to a private 
purse. 

DIS-BURvS'ED, (dis-burst') pp. Paid out; expended. 

DIS-BURSE'MENT, 7i. [Fr. 1. The act of 

paying out ; as money from a public or private chest. 2. 
'j’he money or sum paid out. 

DIS-BURS'ER, n. One who pays out or disburses money. 

DIS-BURS'ING, pjyr Paying out or expending. 

DISC, 71. [L. discus.] The face or breadth of the sun or 
moon ; also, the width of the aperture of a telescope glass. 

DIS-€AL'CE-ATE, v. t. [L. discalccatus.] To pull off the 
shoes or sandals. 

D1S-€AL'CE-A-TED, pp. Stripped of slices. 

DIS-€AL-CE-a'TTON, n. The act of pulling off the shoes 
or sandals. Brown. 

DTS-€AN'DY, v. i. [dis and candy.] To melt; to dissolve. 
Shak. 


DIS-GARD', V. t. [Sp. descartar.] 1. To throw out of the 
hand such cards as are useless. 2. To dismiss from ser- 
vice or employment, or from society ; to cast off. 3. To 
thrust away ; to reject. 

DIS-€ARD'ED, pp. Thrown out; dismissed from service; 
rejected. 

DIS-€ARD'ING, ppr. Throwing out; dismissing from em- 
ployment ; rejecting. 

[ Dl^eARD'URE, 71. Dismissal. Ilayter. 

DIS-GARN'ATE, a. [dis, and L. caro.] Stripped of flesh. 

DIS-CASE', V. t. [dis and ca.se.] To take off a covering 
from ; to strip ; to undress. Shak. 

f DIS-CEP-TA'TION, n. Controversy; disputation. Fox. 

I DIS-CEP-TA'TOR, n. [L.] One who arbitrates or decides. 

DIS-CERN', (diz-zern') v. t. [L. discerno.] 1. To separate 
by tlie eye, or by the understanding. 2" To distinguish ; 
to see the dittevence between two or more things ; to dis- 
criminate. 3. To make the difference ; [o!»s.] 4. 'I’o 
discover; to see ; i distinguish by the eye. 5. To dis- 
cover by the intelR't; to distinguish; hence, to have 
knowledge of; to judge 

DIS-CERN', (diz-zern') v. x. 1. To see or understand the 
difference ; to make distinction. 2. To have judicial cog- 
nizance ; [ai5.] 

DIS-CERN'ED, (diz-zernd') pp. Distinguished ; seen ; dis- 
covered. 

DIS-CERN'ER, (diz-zern'er) xx. 1. One who sees, discovers 
or distinguishes ; an observer. 2. One who knows and 
judges ; one who has the power of distinguishing. 3. That 
which distinguishes ; or that which causes to understand. 

DLS-CERN'l-BLE, (diz-zern'e-bl) a. That may be seen dis- 
tinctly ; discoverable by the eye or the understanding ; 
distinguishable. 

DI5?-CERN'I-BLE-NESS, (diz-zern'e-bl-nes) 71. Visibleness. 

DIS-CERN'I-BLY, (diz-zern'e-ble) adv. In a manner to be 
discerned, seen or discovered ; visibly. Hanxmond. 

DIS-CERN'ING, (diz-zern'ing) ppr. 1. Distinguishing ; see- 
ing ; discovering ; knowing ; judging. 2. a. Having power 
to discern ; capable of seeing, discriminating, knowing and 
judging ; sharp-sighted ; penetrating ; acute. 

DIS-CERN'ING, (diz-zern'ing) n. The act of discerning ; 
discernment. 

DIS-CERN'ING-LY, (diz-zem'ing-ly) adv. With discern- 
ment ; acutely; with judgment ; skilfully. Garth. 

DIS-CERN'MENT, (diz-zern ment) n. The act of discern- 
ing ; also, the power or faculty of the mind, by which it 
distinguishes one thing from another, as truth iVom false- 
hood, virtue from vice ; acuteness of judgment ; power of 
perceiving differences of things or ideas. 

f DIS-CERP', V. t. [L. discerpo.] To tear in pieces; tosep- 

cXrtitG 

DIS-CERP-I-BIL'I-TY, n. Capability or liableness to be 
torn asunder or disunited. 

|DIS-CERP'I-BLE, a. [h. discerpo. In some dictionaries 
it is written rfi^ccrptiftZe.] That may be torn asunder; 
separable ; capable of being disunited by violence. 

DIS-CERP'TION, n. The act of pulling to pieces, or of sep- 
arating the parts. 

t DIS-CES'SION, 71. [L. discessio.] Departure. 

DIS-CHARGE', V. t. [Fr. decharger.] 1. To unload, as a 
ship ; to take out, as a cargo. 2. To free from any load or 
burden ; to throw off or exonerate. 3. To throw off a 
load or ch.arge ; to let fly ; to shoot. 4. To pay. 5. To 
send away, as a creditor by payment of what is due to 
him. 6. To free from claim or demand ; to give an ac- 
quittance to, or a receipt in full, as to a debtor. 7. To 
free from an obligation. 8. To clear from an accusation 
or crime ; to acquit ; to absolve ; to set free ; with of. 9. 
To throw off or out ; to let fly ; to give vent to. 10. To 
perform or execute, as a duty or office considered as a 
charge. 11. To divest of an office or employment; to 
dismiss from service. 12. To dismiss ; to release ; to send 
away from any business or appointment. 13. To emit or 
send out. 14. To release ; to liberate from confinement. 
15. To put away ; to remove; to clear from ; to destroy ; 
to throw off ; to free. 

DIS-CIIARGE', V. i. To break up. 

DIS-CHARGE', 71. 1. An unloading, as of a ship. 2. A 
throwing out ; vent ; emission ; a flowing or issuing out, 
or a throwing out. 3. That which is thrown out ; matter 
emitted. 4. Dismission from office or service ; or the 
writing which evidences the dismission. 5. Release from 
obligation, debt or penalty ; Or the writing which is evi- 
dence of it ; an acquittance. 6. Absolution from a crime or 
accusation ; acquittance. 7. Ransom ; Iil>eration ; price 
paid for deliverance. Milton. 8. Performance ; execu- 
tion. 9. Liberation ; release from imprisonment or other 
confinement. 10. Exemption; escape. 11. Payment, as 
of a debt. 

DIS-CHARG'ED, (dis-charjd') pp. Unloaded; let off ; shot; 
thrown out ; dismissed from service ; paid ; released ; ac- 
quitted ; freed from debt or penalty ; liberated ; perform- 
ed ; executed. 

DIS-CIIARG'ER, n. 1. He that discliarges in any manner. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — t Obsolete^ 


ms 


253 


2. One who fires a gun. 3. In electricity^ an instmnieTit 
for discharging a Leyden phial, jar, &c., by opening a 
communication between the two surfaces. 

DIS-CHaKOJ'ING, p/w. Unlading; letting fly; shooting; 
throwing out ; emitting ; dismissing from service ; paying ; 
releasing from debt, obligation or claim ; acquitting ; lib- 
erating ; performing ; executing. 

DIS-CllUKCIl', V. t. To deprive of the rank of a church. 

t DIS-CIDE’, V. t. To divide ; to cut in pieces. 

DIS-CINC:T/, a. Ungirded. 

I DIS-CUVD', V. t. To cut in two. Boyle. 

DIS-CT'PLE, n. [L. discipulus.] 1. A learner; a scholar ; 
one who receives or professes to receive instruction from 
another. 2. A follower ; an adherent to the doctrines of 
anotjier. 

DIS-CI PLE, V. t. 1. To teach ; to train or bring up. 2. 
To make disciples of; to convert to doctrines or princi- 
ples. 3. To punish ; to discipline ; [not in msc.] Spenser. 

DiS-CI'PLEl), pp. Taught; trained; brought up; made a 
disciple. 

DIS-CI'PLE-LIKE, a. Becoming a disciple. Milton. 

DIS-CPPLE-SHIP, n. The state of a disciple or follower in 
doctrines and precepts. Hammond. 

DIS-CI-PLIN'A-BLE, a. 1. Capable of instruction and im- 
provement in learning. 2. That may be subjected to dis- 
cipline. 3. Subject or liable to discipline, as the member 
of a church. 

DIS-CI-PIAN'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Capacity of receiving 
instruction by education. Hale. 2. The state of being 
subject to discipline. 

DIS'Cl-PLl-NANT, n. One of a religious order, so called from 
their practice of scourging themselves, or other rigid disci- 
pline. 

DIS-CI-PLT-Na'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to discipline. 

DIS-CI-PLI-Na'RI-AN, 71. 1. One who disciplines; one 
versed in rules, principles and practice, and vyho teaches 
them with precision ; particularly^ one who instructs in 
military and naval tactics and manoeuvres. 2. A Puritan 
or Presbyterian ; so called from his rigid adherence to re- 
ligioas discipline. Sanderson. 

DIS'CI-PLl-NA-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to discipline ; intend- 
ed for discipline or government ;• promoting discipline. 2. 
Relating to a regular course of education ; intended for in- 
struction. 

DIS'CI-PLINE, 71. [1j. discipUna.] 1. Education; instruc- 
tion ; cultivation and improvement, comprehending in- 
struction in arts, sciences, correct sentiments, morals and 
manners, and due subordination to authority. 2. Instruc- 
tion and government, comprehending the communication 
of knowledge and the regulation of practice. 3. Rule of 
government ; method of regulating principles and prac- 
tice. 4. Subjection to laws, rules, order, precepts or 
regulations. 5. Correction ; chastisement ; punishment 
intended to correct crimes or errors. — 6. In ecclesiastical 
affairs, the execution of the laws by which the church is 
governed. 7. Chastisement or bodily punishment inflict- 
ed on a delinquent in the Romish church. 

DIS'CI-PLINE, V. t. ]. To instruct or educate ; to inform 
the mind ; to prepare by instructing in correct principles 
and habits. 2. To instruct and govern ; to teach rules 
and practice, and accustom to order and subordination. 

3. To correct ; to chastise ; to punish. 4. To execute the 
laws of the church on offenders, with a view to bring 
them to repentance and reformation of life. 5. To ad- 
vance and prepare by instruction. 

DIS'CI-PLINED, pp. Instructed ; educated ; subjected to 
rules and regulations ; corrected ; chastised ; punished ; 
admonished. 

DIS'CI-PLIN-ING, ppr. Instructing; educating ; subjecting 
to order and subordination; correcting; chastising; ad- 
monishing ; punishing. 

I)IS-€LaIM', 77. t. 1. To disown; to disavow; to deny 
the possession of; to reject as not belonging to one’s self. 
2. To renounce ; to reject ; as, to disclaim the authority of 
the pope. 3. To deny all claim. 

DIS-GLAIM', V. i. To disavow all part or share. 

I DIS-GLAIM-a'TION, 7J. The act of disclaiming; a disa- 
vowing. Scott. 

DIS-GLAIM'ED, (dis-klarnd') pp. Disowned ; disavowed ; 
rejected ; denied. 

DIS-CLaIM'ER, 71. 1. A person who disclaims, disowns 
or renounces. — 2. In lajc, an express or implied denial, by 
a tenant, that he holds an estate of his lord ; a denial of 
tenure, by plea or otherwise. Blackstone. 

DIS-€La 1M'L\G, ppr. Disowning; disavowing; denying; 
renouncing. 

DIS-€LOvSE', r. t. 1. To uncover; to open ; to remove a 
cover from and lay open to the view. 2. To discover ; to 
lay open to the view ; to bring to light. 3. To reveal by 
words ; to tell ; to utter. 4. To make known ; to show 
in any manner. 5. To open ; to hatch; [not used.] 

DIS-€LoSE', n Discovery. Youncr. 

DIS-€Loi?'ED, (dis-klozd') pp. Uncovered ; opened to 
view ; made known ; revealed ; told ; uttered. 


DIS 

DIS-GLo$^ER, rt. One who discloses or reveals. 

DIS-€LoS^ING, ppr. Uncovering ; opening to view ; re- 
vealing; making known ; telling. 

DIS-ULoS^URE, (dis-kl5'zhur) n. 1. The act of disclosing j 
w an uncovering and opening to view ; discovery. 2. The 
act of revealing ; utterance of what was secret ; a telling. 
3. The act of making known what was concealed. 4. 
That which is disclosed or made known. 

DIS-€)Ltj'SION, (dis-klu*zhun) n. [h, dischisus.] An emis- 
sion ; a throwing out. [Little 7t^ed.] More. 

t D[S-€oA&T', V. i. To depart from ; to quit the coast. 

DIS-€0-He'RENT, a. Incoherent. 

DISCOID, 71. [discus, and Gr. Something in form of 

a discus or disk. 

DISCOID, ) a. Having the form of a disk . — Discoid or 

DIS-€OlD'AL, ) discous flowers are compound flowers, 
not radiated, but the florets all tabular, as the tansy, 
sou them -wood, &c. 

DIS-€oL'OR, V. t. [L. discoloro.] 1. To alter the natunil 
hue or color of; to stain; to tinge. 2. To change any 
color, natural or artificial; to alter a color partially. 3. 
Figuratively, to alter the complexion ; to change the ap- 
pearance. 

DIS-C6L-OR-a'TION, n. 1. The act of altering the color ; 
a staining. 2. Alteration of color; stain. 3. Alteration 
of complexion or appearance. 

DIS-€6L'ORED, pp. 1. Altered in color; stained. 2. a. 
Variegated ; being of divers colors. Spenser. 

DIS-€6L'OR-ING, ppr. Altering the color or hue ; staining; 
changing the complexion. 

DIS-UGM'FIT, 7?. t. [Fr. deconflre, deconflt.] To rout; to 
defeat ; to scatter in fight ; to cause to flee ; to vanquish. 

DIS-€6M'FIT, 71. Rout ; dispersion^ defeat ; overthrow. 

DIS-C6M'FIT-ED, pp. Routed ; defeated ; overthrown. 

DIS-GoM'FIT-ING, ppr. Routing ; defeating. 

DIS-C6MTIT-URE, n. 1. Rout; defeat in battle ; disper- 
sion ; overthrow. 2. Defeat ; frustration ; disappoint- 
ment. 

DIS-€6M'FORT, n. Uneasiness; disturbance of peace; 
pain ; grief ; inquietude. South. 

DIS-€6M'FORT, v. t. To disturb peace or happiness ; to 
make uneasy ; to pain ; to grieve ; to sadden ; to deject. 

DIS-€6M'FORT-A-BLE, a. 1. Causing uneasiness; un- 
pleasant ; giving pain ; making sad ; [little used.] 2. Un- 
easy ; melancholy ; refusing comfort ; [not 77sed.1 Shak. 

t DIS-C6M'FORT-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being discom- 
fortable. 

DIS-€6M'FORT-ED, pp. Made uneasy ; disturbed ; pain- 
ed ; grieved. 

DIS-CoM'FORT-ING, ppr. Disturbing peace and happi- 
ness ; making uneasy ; grieving. 

DIS-COM-MEJVD', v. t. [dis and commend.] To blame ; to 
censure ; to mention w'ith disapprobation. 

DIS-COM-MEND'A-BLE, a. Blamable ; censurable ; de- 
serving disapprobation. Ayliffe. 

DIS-COM-MEND'A-BLE-NESS, n. Blamableness ; the 
quality of being worthy of disapprobation. 

DIS-COM-MEN-Da'TION, 77. Blame ; censure. 

DIS-COM-MEND'ER, n. One who discommends. 

DIS-COM-MEND'ING, ppr. Blaming ; censuring. 

t DIS-€OM'MO-DATE, v. t. To molest. Sir H. Wotton. 

DIS-COM-MoDE^, V. t. [d/5, and Fr. commode.] To put to 
inconveniejice ; to incommode ; to molest ; to trouble. 

DIS-COM-MoD ED, pp. Put to inconvenience; molested; 
incommoded. 

DIS-€OM-MoD'ING, ppr. Putting to inconvenience ; giv- 
ing trouble ^o. 

DIS-€OM-Mo'DI-OUS, a. Inconvenient; troublesome. 
Spenser. 

DI^€OM-MODT-TY, n. Inconvenience ; trouble ; hurt ; 
disadvantage. Bacon. 

DIS-€OM'MON, 77. t. 1. To appropriate common land ; to 
separate and inclose common. Cowel. 2. To deprive of 
the privileges of a place. 

I DIS-COM-PLEX'ION, v. t. To change the complexion or 
color. Beaumont. 

DIS-COM-PoSE', V. t. 1. To unsettle; to disorder; to dis- 
turb. 2. To disturb peace and quietness ; to agitate ; to 
ruffle. Swift. 3. To displace; to discard; [not in 
Bacon. 

DIS-€OM-PoS'ED, (dis-kom-pozd') pp. Unsettled ; disor- 
dered ; ruffled ; agitated ; disturbed. 

DIS-€OM-PoS'ING, p?7r. Unsettling; putting out of order ; 
ruffling ; agitating ; disturbing tranquillity. 

f DIS-€OM-PO-Sl"T10N, n. Inconsistency, 

DIS-€OM-PoS'URE, (dis-kom-po'zhur) n. Disorder; agita- 
tion ; disturbance ; perturbation. 

DIS-GON-CERT^, 75. f. [dis and concert.] 1. To break or 
interrupt any order, plan or harmonious scheme ; to de- 
feat ; to frustrate. 2. To unsettle the mind ; to discom- 
pose ; to disturb ; to confuse. 

DIS-GON-CERT'ED, pp. Broken ; interrunted ; disordered ; 
defeated ; unsettled ; discomposed ; confused. 


* See Synopsis. IMOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BULL, UNITE. — €! as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 


DIS 


DIS 254 


t>IS-€ON-CERT^ING, ppr. Disordering j defeating j dis- 
composing ; disturbing. 

DIS-GON-CER'TION, w. The act of disconcerting. Ham- 
ilton, 

DIS-€ON-FORM'I-TY, n. Want of agreement or confomrfi 
ity ; inconsistency. Hakewill. 

DIS-€ON-GRu'I-TY, n. Want of congruity; incongruity; 
disagreement : inconsistency. Hale. 

DIS-€ON-N.'^€T', v. t. and connect.] To separate ; to 
disunite ; to dissolve connection. Burke. 

DIS-€ON-NE€T'ED, pp. Separated ; disunited. 

DlS-€ON-NE€T'ING, Separating; disuniting. 

DIS-€ON-NE€'TION, n. The act of separating, or state of 
being disunited ; separation ; want of union. Burke. 

DIS-€ON-SENT^, v. i. [dw and consent.] To differ; to dis- 
agree ; not to consent. Milton. 

DJS-€ON'SO-LAN-CY, n. Disconsolateness. 
IS-€ON^SO-LATE, a. [dw, and L. consolatus.] 1. Des- 
titute of comfort or consolation ; sorrowful ; hopeless, or 
not expecting comfort ; sad ; dejected ; melancholy. 2. 
Not affording comfort; cheerless. 

DIS-GON'SO-LATE-LY, adv. In a disconsolate manner; 
without comfort. 

DIS-GON'SO-LATE-NESS, n. The state of being discon- 
solate or comfortless. 

DIS-€0N-S0-La'T 10N, 71. Want of comfort. Jackson. 

DIS-GON-TENT', n. Want of content ; uneasiness or in- 
quietude of mind ; dissatisfaction. 

DIS-GON-TENT', a. Uneasy ; dissatisfied. Hayward. 

DIS-GON-TENI^ v.t. To make uneasy at the present 
state ; to dissatisfy. 

DIS-GON-TENT'ED, pp. or a. Uneasy in mind ; dissatis- 
fied ; unquiet. 

DIS-GON-TENT'ED-LY, adv. In a discontented manner 
or mood. 

DIS-GON-TENT'ED-NESS, n. Uneasiness of mind; in- 
quietude ; dissatisfaction. .Addison. 

DIS-GON-TENT'ING, a. Giving uneasiness. 

DIS-GON-TENT'MENT, n. The state of being uneasy in 
mind ; uneasiness ; inquietude ; discontent. 

DIS-GON-TiN'U-ANCE, n. 1. Want of continuance ; 
cessation ; intermission ; interruption of continuance. 2. 
Want of continued connection or cohesion of parts ; want 
of union ; disruption. — 3. In law, a breaking off or inter- 
ruption of possession. — 4. Discontinuance of a suit is 
when a plaintiffleaves a chasm in the proceedings in his 
cause, as by not continuing the process regularly from day 
to day. 

DIS-GON-TIN-U-a'TION, 71. Breach or interruption of 
continuity ; disruption of parts ; separation of parts. 

DIS-GON-TIN UE, v. t. 1. To leave off ; to cause to cease, 
as a practice or habit ; to stop ; to put an end to. 2. To 
break off ; to interrupt. 3. To cease to take or receive. 

DIS-GON-TIN'UE, v. i. 1. To cease ; to leave the posses- 
sion, or lose an established or long-enjoyed right. 2. To 
lose the cohesion of parts ; to suffer disruption or separa- 
tion of substance ; [little used.] 

DIS-GON-TIN'UED, pp. Left off ; interrupted ; broken 
off. 

DIS-GON-TIN'U-ER, n. One who discontinues a rule or 
practice. 

DIS-GON-TIN'U-ING, ppr. Ceasing ; interrupting ; break- 
ing off. 

DIS-GON-TI-NU'I-TY, n. Disunion of parts ; want of cohe- 
sion. JsTewton. 

DIS-GON-TIN'U-OUS, a. 1. Broken off ; interrupted. 2. 
Separated wide ; gaping. Milton. 

IHS-GON-VeN'IENCE, n. Incongruity; disagreement. 

y Little used.] Bravihall. 

-GON-VeN'IENT, a. Incongruous. Reynolds. 
DIS^CORD, 77. [L. discordia.] 1. Disagreement among 
persons or things. Between persons, difference of opin- 
ions ; variance ; opposition ; contention ; strife ; any dis- 
agreement which produces angry passions, contest, dis- 
putes, litigation or war. 2. Disagreement ; want of order ; 
a clashing. — 3. In music, disagreement of sounds ; disso- 
nance ; a union of sounds which is inharmonious, grating 
and disagreeable to the ear. 

fDIS-GORI)', v.i. To disagree; to jar; to clash; not to 
suit ; not to be coincident. Bacon. 

DIS-GORD'ANCE, ) 71. [L. discordans.] Disagreement ; op- 
DIS-GORD'AN-CY, | position ; inconsistency. 
DIS-GORD'ANT, a. [L. discordans.] 1. Disagreeing; in- 
congruous; contradictory ; being at variance. 2. Oppo- 
site ; contrarious ; not coincident. 3. Dissonant ; Jiot in 
unison ; not harmonious ; not accordant ; harsh ; jarring. 
DIS-GORD'ANT-LY, adv. Dissonantly ; in a discordant 
manner ; inconsistently ; in a manner to jar or clash ; in 
disagreement with another, or with itself. 

DIS-GORD'FUTj, a. Ouarrelsome ; contentious, 
t DIS-GOUN'SEL, V. t. To dissuade. Spenser. 

DIS'GOUNT, 71. [Fr. deconte, or decompte.] 1. A sum de- 
ducted for prompt or advanced payment ; an allowance or 
deduction from a sum due, or from a credit ; a certain rate 


per cent, deducted from the credit price of goods sold, on 
account of prompt payment ; or any deduction from the 
customary price, or from a sum due, or to be due, at a fu- 
ture time. — 2. Among bankers, the deduction of a sum for 
advanced payment; particularly, the deduction of the in- 
terest on a sum lent, at the time of lending. 3. The sura 
deducted or refunded. 4. The act of discounting. 

*DIS'GOUNT, or DIS-GOUNT', 77. t. [Sp. 1. 

To deduct a certain sum or rate per cent, from the princi- 
pal sum. 2. To lend or advance the amount of, deduct- 
ing the interest or other rate per cent, from the principal, 
at the time of the loan or advance. 

* DIS'GOUNT, V. i. To lend or make a practice of lending 
money, deducting the interest at the time of the loan. 

Dlfcs-GOUNT/A-BLE, a. That may be discounted. 

DIS'GOUNT-DAY, n. The day of the week on which a 
bank discounts notes and bills. 

* DIS'GOUNT-ED, pp. 1. Deducted from a principal sum ; 
paid back ; refunded or allowed. 2. Having the amount 
lent on discount or deduction of a sum in advance. 

DIS-GOUN'TE-NANCE, v. t. [dis and countenance.] 1. To 
abash ; to discompose the countenance ; to put to shame ; 
[notTLsed.] Milton. 2. To discourage; to check; to re- 
strain by frowns, censure, arguments, opposition or cold 
treatment. 

DIS-GOUN'TE-NANCE, n. Cold treatment ; unfavorable 
aspect ; unfriendly regard ; disapprobation ; whatever 
tends to check or discourage. 

DIS-GOUN'TE-NANCED, pp. Abashed ; discouraged ; 
checked ; frowned on. 

DIS-GOUN'TE-NAN-CER, n. One who discourages by 
cold treatment, frowns, censure or expression of disap- 
probation ; one who checks or depresses by unfriendly re- 
gards. 

DIS-GOUN'TE-NAN-CING, ppr. Abashing ; discouraging; 
checking by disapprobation or unfriendly regards. 

* DIS'GOUNT-ER, n. One who advances money on dis- 
counts. Burke. 

* DIS'GOUNT-ING, ppr. 1. Deducting a sum for prompt or 
advanced payment. 2. Lending on discount. 

DIS'GOUNT-ING, n. The act or practice of lending money 
on discounts. Hamilton. 

DIS-GoUR'AGE, (dis-kur'aje) r. t. and courage-, Fr. 
decourager.] 1. To extinguish the courage of ; to dis- 
hearten ; to depress the spirits ; to deject ; to deprive of 
confidence. 2. To deter from any thing ; with from. 3. 
To attempt to repress or prevent ; to dissuade from. 

DIS-G6UR'AGED, (dis-kur'ajd) pp. Disheartened ; depriv- 
ed of courage or confidence ; depressed in spirits ; deject- 
ed * checked. 

DIS-G6UR'AGE-MENT, (dis-kur'aje-ment) n. I. The act 
of disheartening, or depriving of courage ; the act of de- 
terring or dissuading from an undertaking ; the act of 
depressing confidence. 2. That which destroys or abates 
courage ; that which depresses confidence or hope ; that 
which deters or tends to deter from an undertaking, or 
from the prosecution of any thing. 

DIS-G6UR'A-GER, (dis-kur'a-jer) n. One who discourages ; 
one who disheartens, or depresses the courage ; one who 
impresses diffidence or fear of success ; one who dissuades 
from an undertaking. 

DIS-G6UR'A-GING, (dis-kur%-jing) ppr. 1. Dishearten- 
ing ; depressing courage. 2. a. Tending to dishearten, or 
to depress the courage. 

DIS-GoURSE', (dis-kors') 7i. [Fr. discours ; L. 

I. The act of the understanding, by which it passes from 
premises to consequences. 2. Literally, a running over a 
subject in speech ; hence, a communication of thoughts 
by words, either to individuals, to companies, or to pub- 
lic assemblies. 3. Effusion of language ; speech. 4. A 
written treatise; a formal dissertation. 5. A sermon, ut- 
terec^or written. 

DIS-GoURSE', V. i. 1. To talk ; to converse ; but it ex- 
presses rather more formality than talk. 2. To communi- 
cate thoughts or ideas in a formal manner ; to treat upon 
in a solemn, set manner. 3. To reason ; to pass from 
premises to consequences. 

t DIS-GoURSE', V. t. To treat of ; to talk over ; to discuss. 

DIS-GoURS'ER, 77. ]. One who discourses ; a speaker; a 
haranguer. 2. The writer of a treatise. 

DIS-GoURSTNG, ppr. Talking ; conversing ; preaching; 
discussing ; treating at some length or in a formal man- 
ner. 

DIS-GoUR'SIVE, a. 1. Reasoning ; passing from premises 
to consequences. Milton. 2. Containing dialogue or con- 
versation : interlocutory. Dinjden. 

DIS-GOUR'TE-OUS, (dis-kur'te-us) [See Courteous.] a. 
Uncivil ; rude ; uncomplaisant ; wanting in good manners. 

* DIS-G6UR'TE-OUS-LY, (dis-kur'te-us-iy) adv. In a rude 
or uncivil manner ; with incivility. 

DIS-G6UR'TE-SY, (dis-kur'te-sy) n. [rfw and courtesy.] In- 
civility ; rudeness of behavior or language ; ill manners ; 
act of disrespect. 

. t DIS-GoURT'SHIP, n. Want of respect. B. Jonson. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, fj, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete. 


DIS 


255 


DIS 


DISG'OUS, a. [L, discits.] Broad ; flat ; wide ; used of the 
viiddlc plain and fiat part of some fiowers. 

DIS-GoV'EU, V. t. [Fr. decouvrir.'] 1. LiteraHy^ to uncov- 
er ; to remove a covering. 2. To lay open to the view ; to 
di.><close ; to show ; to make visible ; to expose to view 
something before unseen or concealed. 3. To reveal j to 
make known. 4. To espy ; to have the first sight of. 5. 
To find out ; to obtain the first knowledge of ; to come to 
the knowledge of something sought or before unknown. 
6. To detect. ^ 

DIS-€oV ER-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be discovered j that 
may be brought to light, or exposed to view. 2. That 
may be seen. 3. That may be found out, or made known. 
4. Apparent ; visible ; exposed to view. 

DIS-€6V'<ERED, pp. Uncovered; disclosed to view; laid 
open ; revealed ; espied or first seen ; found out ; de- 
tected. 

DIS-€6V'ER-ER, n, 1. One who discovers ; one who 
first sees or espies ; one who finds out, or first comes to 
the knowledge of something. 2. A scout ; an explorer. 

DIS-eoV'ER-UVG, ppr. Uncovering; disclosing to view ; 
laying open ; revealing ; making known ; espying ; find- 
ing out ; detecting. 

DIS-GoV'ER-TURE, n. [Fr. decouvcrt.'] A state of being 
released from coverture ; freedom of a woman from the 
coverture of a husband. 

DIS-UoV'ER-Y, u. 1. The action of disclosing to view, or 
bringing to light. 2. Disclosure ; a making known. 3. 
The action of finding something hidden. 4. The act of 
finding out, or coming to the knowledge of. 5. The act 
of espying ; first sight of. 6. That which is discovered, 
found out or revealed ; that which is first brought to light, 
seen or known. — 7. In dramatic poetry , the unraveling of 
a plot, or the manner of unfolding the plot, or fable, of a 
comedy or tragedy. 

DIS-CRED'IT, n. [Fr. discredit.] 1. Want of credit or 
good reputation ; some degree of disgrace or reproach ; 
disesteem. 2. Want of belief, trust or confidence ; dis- 
belief. 

DIS-€RED'IT, V. t. [Fr. decrediter.] 1. To disbelieve ; to 
give no credit to ; not to credit or believe. 2. To deprive 
of credit or good reputation ; to make less reputable or 
honorable ; to bring into disesteem ; to bring into some 
degree of disgrace, or into disrepute. 3. To deprive of 
credibility. 

DIS-€RED'IT-A-BLE, a. Tending to injure credit : inju- 
rious to reputation ; disgraceful ; disreputable. 

DIS-€RED'1T-ED, pp. Disbelieved ; brought into disrepute ; 
disgraced. 

DIS-€RED'[T-ING, ppr. Disbelieving ; not trusting to ; de- 
priving of credit ; disgracing. 

DIS-UREET', a. [Fr. discrct.] Prudent; wise in avoiding 
errors or evil, and in selecting the best means to accom- 
plish a purpose ; circumspect ; cautious ; wary ; not rash. 

DIS-€REET'LY, adv. Prudently ; circumspectly ; cau- 
tiously ; with nice judgment of what is best to ^e done or 
omitted. 

DIS-€REET'NESS, 71. The quality of being discreet ; dis- 
cretion. 

"►DIS-UREP'ANCE, ) n. [L. discrepantia.] Difference; dis- 

^DIS-€REP'AN-CY, I agreement; contrariety. Faber. 

* DIS-€REP'ANT, a. Different; disagreeing; contrary. 

DIS-CReTE', a. [L. discretus.] 1. Separate; distinct ; dis- 
junct. — Discrete proportion is when the ratio of two or 
more pairs of numbers or quantities is the same, but there 
is not the same proportion between all the numbers ; as, 
3 : 6 : : 8 : 16. Harris. 2. Disjunctive. 

t DIS-€ReTE', V. t. To separate ; to discontinue. 

DIS-€RE"TION, (dis-kresh'un) n. [Fr. discretion.] 1. 
Prudence, or knowledge and prudence ; that discern- 
ment which enables a person to judge critically of what 
is correct and proper, united with caution ; nice discern- 
ment and judgment, directed by circumspection, and pri- 
marily regarding one’s own conduct. 2. Liberty or pow- 
er of acting without other control than one’s own judg- 
jnent. — To surrender at discretion^ is to surrender without 
stipulation or terms. 3. Disjunction ; separation ; [not 
nmch used.] JSIede. 

DlS-€RE"TION-A-RY, or DIS-€RE''TION-AL, a. Left to 
discretion ; unrestrained except by discretion or judg- 
ment ; that is to be directed or managed by discretion only. 

DIS-€RE"TION-A-RI-LY, or Dl^-€RE"TION-AL-LY, 
ado. At discretion; according to discretion. 

DIS-€RE'TIVE, a. 1. Disjunctive ; noting separation or 
oppo^tion. — In Zo^ic, a discretive proposition expresses 
some distinction, opposition or variety, by means of but, 
though, yet, &CC.-, as, travelers change their climate, Z>wf 
not their temper. — 2. In grammar, discretive distinctions 
are such as imply opposition or difference ; as, not a man, 
bat a bea^st. 3. Separate ; distinct. 

* DTS-€Re'TIVE-LY, ado. In a discretive manner. 

DIS-GRI.VM-NA-BLE, a. That may be discriminated. 

DIS-CRIM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. discritnino.] 1. To distin- 
guish ; to observe the difference between. 2. To sepa- 


rate ; to select from others ; to make a distinction be- 
tween. 3. To mark with notes of difference ; to distin- 
guish by some note or mark. 

DIS-GRIMT-NATE, v. i. 1. To make a difference or dis- 
tinction. 2. To observe or note a difference ; to distin- 
guish. 

D1S-€RIM'I-NATE, a. Distinguished; having the differ- 
ence marked. Bacon. 

DIS-€RIMff-NA-TED, pp. Separated ; distinguished. 

DIS-€RIM'I-NATE-LY, a<Zy. Distinctly; with minute dis- 
tinction ; particularly. .Johnson. 

D1S-€RIM'I-NATE-NESS, n. Distinctness; marked dif- 

f0r0ttC0 Dxctf 

DIS-€RIM'I-NA-TING, ppr. 1. Separating; distinguish- 
ing; marking with notes of difference. 2. a. Distinguish- 
ing ; peculiar ; characterized by peculiar differences. 3. 
a. That discriminates ; able to make nice distinctions. 

DIS-€RIM-I-Na'TION, n. 1 . The act of distinguishing ; 
the act of making or observing a difference ; distinction. 
2. The state of being distinguished. 3. Mark of distinc- 
tion. 

DIS-URIMT-NA-Tl YE, a. L That makes the mark of dis- 
tinction ; that constitutes the mark of difference ; charac- 
teristic. 2. That observes distinction. 

DIS-URIMT-NA-TIVE-LY, adv. With discrimination or 
distinction. Foster. 

t DIS-URIMT-NOUS, a. Hazardous. Harvey. 

t DIS-€RU'CIA-TING, a. Painful. Brown. 

DIS-€U'BI-TO-RY, a. [L. discubitorius.] Leaning ; inclin- 
ing ; or fitted to a leaning posture. Brown. 

DIS-€ULP'ATE, v. t. [Fr. disculper.] To free from blame 
or fault ; to exculpate ; to excuse, jishton. 

DIS-€ULP'A-TED, pp. Cleared from blame ; exculpated. 

DIS-CULP'A-TING, ppr. Freeing from blame ; excusing. 

DIS-€UM'BEN-CY, 71. [h. discumbens.] The act of leaning 
at meat, according to the manner of the ancients. 

DIS-CUM'BER, V. t. To unburden ; to throw off any thing 
cumbej-some ; to disengage ; to disencumber. 

t DIS-€uRE^, V. i. To discover; to reveal. Spenser. 

t DIS-€UR^RENT, a. Not current. Sandys. 

DIS-CUR'SION, 71. [L. discurro.] A running or rambling 
about. Bailey. 

t DIS-CURSff ST, n. A disputer. L. Addison. 

DIS-CURSffVE, a. [Sp. discursivo.] 1. Moving or roving 
about ; desultory. 2. Argumentative ; reasoning ; pro- 
ceeding regularly from premises to consequences ; some- 
times written discoursive. 

DIS-CURSff VE-LY, adv. Argumentatively ; in the form of 
reasoning or argument. Hale. 

DIS-CURS'IVE-NESS, n. Range or gradation of argument. 

DIS-CURS'O-RY, a. Argumental ; rational. Johnson. 

DISC'US, 71. [L.] 1. A quoit; a piece of iron, copper or 

stone, to be thrown in play. 2. In botany, the middle 
plain part of a radiated compound flower, generally con- 
sisting of small florets. 3. The face or surface of the sun 
or moon. 

DIS-CUSS', V. t. [L. discutio, discussum.] 1. To disperse ; 
to scatter ; to dissolve ; to repel. 2. To debate ; to agi- 
tate by argument ; to clear of objections and difficulties, 
with a view to find or illustrate truth ; to sift ; to exam- 
ine by disputation; to ventilate; to reason on. 3. To 
break in pieces ; [not used.] Brown. 4. To shake off ; 
[?iot in use.] Spenser. 

DIS-CUSS'ED, (dis-kust') pp. Dispersed ; dissipated ; debat- 
ed ; agitated ; argued. 

DIS-CUSS'ER, 71. One who discusses ; one who sifts or ex- 
amines. 

DIS-CUSSffNG, ppr. Dispersing ; resolving ; scattering ; de- 
bating ; agitating ; examining by argument. 

DIS-CUSS'ING, 71. Discussion ; examination. 

DIS-€US'SION, n. 1. In sur^erp, resolution ; the disper- 
sion of a tumor or any coagulated matter. Coze. 2. De- 
bate ; disquisition ; the agitation of a point or subject with 
a view to elicit truth ; the treating of a subject by argu- 
ment. 

DIS-CUSSTVE, a. Having the power to discuss, resolve 
or disperse tumors or coagulated matter. 

DIS-CUSSffVE, 71. A medicine that discusses ; a discu- 
tienL 

DIS-GU'TTENT, a. [L. discutiens.] Discussing; dispers- 
ing morbid matter. 

DIS-Cu'TIENT, 71. A medicine or application which dis- 
perses a tumor or any coagulated fluid in the body. 
Coze. 

DIS-DaIN', V. t. [Fr. dcdai^er.] To think unworthy ; to 
deem worthless ; to consider to be unworthy of notice, 
care, regard, esteem, or unworthy of one’s character ; to 
scorn ; to contemn. 

DIS-DaIN', 71. Contempt ; scorn ; a passion excited in no- 
ble minds, by the hatred or detestation of what is mean 
and dishonorable, and implying a consciousness of supe- 
riority of mind, or a supposed superiority. 

DIS-DaIN'ED, (diz-dand') pp. Despised ; contemned ; 
scorned. 


* See Synopsis* MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BIJLL, UNITE. — C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


DIS 


256 DIS 


DIS-DAINTpL, (L. 1 . Full of disdain. 2 . Expressing dis- 
dain. 3 . Contemptuous j scornful ; haughty ; indignant. 

DIS-DAIN'FIJL-LV, adv. Contemptuously 3 with scorn j 
in a haughty manner. South. 

DrS-DAIN'FlJIi-NESS, n. Contempt 3 contemptuousness 3 
haughty scorn. Sidney. 

DIS-DA INKING. Contemning 3 scorning. 

DiS-DAIN'ING^ w. Contempt 3 scorn. 

DIS-Df-A-CLAS'TlC, a An epithet given to a fine pellu- 
cid spar, called also Iceland crystal. 

DIS-Dl-A-PA^'SON, ) n. [See Diapason.] In music, a com- 

BIS-DI-A-PA'SON, j pound concord in the quadruple ra- 
tio of 4 : 1 or 8 : 2 . 

DIS-eASE', (diz-Sze^) n. [dis and ease.'] 1 . In its primary 
sense, pain, uneasiness, distress 3 but in this sense obso- 
lete. Spenser. 2 . The cause of pain or uneasiness 5 dis- 
temper 5 malady 3 sickness 5 disorder 3 any state of a liv- 
ing body, in which the natural functions of the organs are 
interrupted or disturbed. 3 . A disordered state of the 
mind or intellect, by which the reason is impaired. — 4 . In 
society, vice 3 corriyit state of morals. 5 . Political or civil 
disorder, or vices iii a state. 

DIS-eASE', (diz-eze') v. t. 1 . To interrupt or impair any 
or all the natural and regular functions of the several or- 
gans of a living body 5 to afflict with pain or sickness 3 to 
make morbid 3 used chiefly in the passive participle. 2. 
To interrupt, or render imperfect, the regular functions of 
the brain, or of the intellect 5 to disorder 5 to derange. 3 . 
To infect 3 to communicate disease to, by contagion. 4 . 
To_pain ; to make uneasy. 

DIS-eAS'ED, (diz-ezd') pp. or a. Disordered 3 distemper- 
0(i * sick* 

DIS-eAS'ED-NESS, n. The state of being diseased 3 a 
morbid state 3 sickness. Burnet. 

DIS-eASE'FUL, a. 1 . Abounding with disease 3 produc- 
ing_diseases. 2 . Occasioning uneasiness. 

DIS-eAS?E'MENT, 7J. Uneasiness 5 inconvenience. Bacon. 

DIS-EDG'ED, (dis-edjd') a. Blunted 3 made dull. Shak. 

DIS-EM-BARK^, v. t. [Fr. desembarguer.] To land 3 to de- 
bark 3 to remove from on board a ship to the land ; to put 
on shore 3 applied particularly to the landing of troops and 
military apparatus. 

DIS-EM-BARK', v. i. To land 3 to debark 5 to quit a ship 
for residence or action on shore. 

DIS-EM-BARK^ED, (dis-em-ba.rkP) pp. Landed 3 put on 
shore. 

BIS-EM-BARK ING, ppr. Landing 5 removing from on 
board a ship to land. 

DIS-EM-BARK'MENT, n. The act of disembarking. 

DIS-EM-BAR'RASS, v. t. To free from embarrassment or 
perplexity ; to clear ; to extricate. 

DIS-EM-BAR'RASSED, pp. Freed from embarrassment 3 
extricated from difficulty. 

DIS-EM-BAR'RASS-ING, ppr. Freeing from embarrass- 
ment or perplexity 3 extricating. 

DIS-EM-B AR'RASS-MENT, n. The act of extricating from 
perplexity. 

DIS-EM-BAY', V. t. To clear from a bay. Sherburne. 

DIS-EM-BIT'TER, v. t. [dis and embitter.] To free from 
bitterness 3 to clear from acrimony 3 to render sweet or 
pleasant. Addison. 

DIS-EM-BOD'IED, a. 1 . Divested of the body. 2 . Sepa- 
rated 3 dischaiged from keeping in a body. 

DIS-EM-BOD'Y, v.t. 1 . To divest of body 3 to free from 
flesh. 2 . To discharge from military array. 

DIS-EM-BoGUE', (dis-em-bog') v. t. [dw, and Fr. cmboucher.] 
To pour out or discharge at the mouth, as a stream 3 to 
vent 3 to discharge into the ocean or a lake. 

DIS-EM-BdGUE', v. i. 1 . To flow out at the mouth, ns a 
river 3 to discharce waters into the ocean, or into a lake. 
2 . To pass out of a gulf or bay. 

DIS-EM-BoGUE'MENT, n. Discharge of waters into the 
ocean or a lake. Mease. 

DIS-EM-BdS'OM, V. t. To separate from the bosom. 

DIS-EM-BOW'EL, v. t. To take out the bowels 3 to take or 
draw from the bowels. 

DIS-EM-BOW'ELED, pp. Taken or drawn from the bow- 
els. 

DIS-EM-BOW'EL-ING, ppr. Taking or drawing from the 
bowels. 

t DIS-EM-BRAN'GLE, v. t. To free from litigation. 

DIS EM-BROIL', v. t. To disentangle 3 to free from per- 
plexity 3 to extricate from confusion. Dryden. 

DIS-EM-BROIL'ED, (dis-em-broild') pp. Disentangled 3 
cleared from perplexity or confusion. 

DIS-EM-BROIL'ING, Disentangling 3 freeing from 

confusion. 

DIS-EN-A'BLE, v.t. To deprive of power, natural or moral 3 
to disable 3 to deprive of ability or means. 

DTS-EN-A'BLED, pp. Deprived of power, ability or means. 

DIS-EN-A'BLING, ppr. Depriving of power, ability or 
means. 

DIS-EN-CHANT', v. t. To free from enchantment 3 to de- 
liver from the power of charms or spells. 


DIS-EN-CHANT'ED, pp. Delivered from enchantment, or 
the power of charms. 

DIS-EN-CHANT'ER, n. One who frees from the power of 
enchantment. Gayton. 

DIS-EN-CHANT'ING, ppr. Freeing from enchantment, or 
the influence of charms. 

DIS-EN-€UM'BER, v. t. 1 . To free from encumbrance 3 to 
deliver from clogs and impediments 3 to disburden. 2 . To 
free from any obstruction 3 to free from any thing heavy 
or unnecessary. 

DIS-EN-€UM'BERED, pp. Freed from encumbrance. 

DIS-EN-OUM'BER-ING, ppr. Freeing from encumbrance. 

DIS-EN-CUM'BRANCE, n. Freedom or deliverance from 
encumbrance, or any thing burdensome or troublesome. 

DIb-EN-G AGE^, v.t. 1 . To separate, as a substance from 
any thing with which it is in union 3 to free 3 to loose 3 to 
liberate. 2 . To separate from that to which one adheres, 
or is attached. 3 . To disentangle 3 to extricate 3 to clear 
from impediments, difficulties or perplexities. 4 . To de- 
tach 3 to withdraw 3 to wean. 5 . 'd’o free from any thing 
that commands the mind, or employs the attention. 6. To 
release or liberate from a promise or obligation 3 to set free 
by dissolving an engagement. 

DIS-EN-GAGE', V. i. To set one’s self free from 3 to with- 
draw one’s affections from. 

DIS-EN-GAG'ED, (dis-en-gajd') pp. 1 . Separated 3 detach- 
ed 3 set free 3 released 3 disjoined 3 disentangled. 2. a. 
Vacant 3 being at leisure 3 not particularly occupied 3 not 
having the attention confined to a particular object. 

DIS-EN-GAG'ED-NESS, n. 1 . The quality or state of being 
disengaged 3 freedom from connection 3 disjunction. 2. 
Vacuity of attention. 

DIS-EN-GAGE'MENT, n. 1 . A setting free 3 separation 3 
extrication. 2 . The act of separating or detaching. 3 . 
Liberation or release from obligation. 4 . Freedom from 
attention 3 vacancy 3 leisure. 

DIS-EN-GAG'ING, ppr. Separating 3 loosing 3 setting free 3 
detaching 3 liberating 3 releasing from obligation. 

DIS-EN-No'BLE, v. t. To deprive of title, or of that which 
ennobles. Guardian. 

DIS-EN-RoLL', V. i. To erase from a roll or list. 

DIS-EN-SLAVE', v. t. To free from bondage. South. 

DIS-EN-TAN'GLE, v. t. 1 . To unravel 3 to unfold 3 to un- 
twist 3 to loose, separate or disconnect things wffiich are 
interwoven, or united without order. 2 . To free 3 to ex- 
tricate from perplexity 3 to disengage from complicated 
concerns 3 to set free from impediments or difficulties. 
3 . To disengage 3 to separate. 

DIS-EN-TAJN'GLED, pp. Freed from entanglement 3 extri- 
cated . 

DIS-EN-TAN'GLING, jypr. Freeing from entanglement 3 
extricating. 

DIS-EN-TERh See Disinter. 

DIS-EN-THRoNE', v. t. To dethrone 3 to depose from sove- 
reign authority. 

DIS-EN-TIIRoN'ED, (die-en-thrond') pp. Deposed 3 depriv- 
ed of sovereign power. 

DIS-EN-THRoN'ING, ppr. Deposing 3 depriving of royal 
authority. 

DIS-EN-TT'TLE, v. t. To deprive of title. South. 

DIS-EN-TRANCE', v. t. To awaken from a trance, or from 
deep sleep 3 to aro";se from a revery. 

DIS-EN-TRAN'CED, (dis-en-transt') pp. Awakened from a 
trance, sleep or revery. 

DIS-EN-TRAN'CIXG, ppr. Arousing from a trance, sleep 
or revery. 

t DIS-ERT', <r. [L. Eloquent 

t DIS-ERT'LY, adv. Eloquently. 

DIS-E-SPOUbfJ', V. t. To separate after espousal or plighted 
faith 3 to divorce. Milton. 

DIS-E-SPOUS'ED, (dis-e-spouzd') pp. Separated after 
espousal 5 released from obligation to marry. 

DIS-E-SPOUS'ING, ppr. Separating after plighted faith. 

DIS-E-STEEM', n. Want of esteem: slight dislike 3 disre- 
gard. Locke. 

DIS-E-STLEM', v. t. To dislike in a moderate degree 3 to 
consider with disregard, disapprobation, dislike or slight 
contempt ; to slight. 

DIS-E-STEEM'ED, (dis-e-steemd') pp- Disliked 3 slighted. 

DTS-E-STEEMTXG, ppr. Disliking 3 slighting. 

DIS ES-TT-MA'TION, 71 . Disesteem 5 bad repute. 

DIS-EX'ER-CTSE, v. t. To deprive of e.xercise. Milton. 

t DIS-FAX'CY, V. t. To dislike. Hammond. 

DIS-FA'VOR, n. 1 . Dislike 3 slight displeasure 3 discounte- 
nance 3 unfavorable regard 3 disesteem. 2 . A state of un- 
acceptablejicss 3 a state in which one is not esteemed or 
favored, or not patronized, promoted or befi-i^nded. 3 . An 
ill or disobliging act. 

DIS-FA'VOR, V. t. To discountenance 3 to withdraw, or 
withhold from one, kindness, friendship or support 3 to 
check or oppose by disapprobation. 

DTS-FA'VORED, pp. Discountenanced 3 not favored. 

DIS-FA'VOR-ER, n. One who discountenances. 

DIS-FA'VOR-ING, ppr. Discountenancing. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY 5— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3— f Obsolete. 


DIS 


257 


DIS 


DIS-FIG-U-RA TION, n. 1. The act of disfiguring, or mar- 
ring external form. 2. The state of being disfigured ; 
some degree of deformity. 

DIS-FIG'UJIE, V. t. 1. To change to a worse form ; to mar 
external figure ; to impair shape or form, and render it less 
perfect and beautiful. 2. To marj to impair j to injure 
beauty, symmetry or excellence. 

DIS-FIG'URED, pp. Changed to a worse form ; impaired in 
form or appearance. 

DIS-FIG'URE-MENT, n. Change of external form to the 
worse; defacement of beauty. 

DIS-FIG'UR-ER, n. One who disfigures. 

DIS-FIG'UR-IN( J, ppr. Injuring the form or shape ; impair- 
ing the beauty of mrm. 

IHS-FOR'EST. See Disafforest. 

DIS-FRAN'CHISE, v. t. [dis and franchise.] To deprive of 
the rights and privileges of a free citizen ; to deprive of 
chartered rights and immunities ; to deprive of any fran- 
chise. 

DIS-FRAN'CHIf?ED, p;?. Deprived of the rights and priv- 
ileges of a free citizen, or of some particular franchise. 

DIS-FRAN'CHiSE-MENT, n. The act of disfranchising, or 
depriving of the privileges of a free citizen, or of some 
particular immunity. 

DIS-FRAN'CHIS-ING, ppr. Depriving of the privileges of a 
free citizen, or of some particular immunity. 

t DIS-FRT'AR, V. t. To deprive of the state of a friar. 

DIS-FUR'jNTSH, V. t. To deprive of furniture ; to strip of 
apparatus, habiliments or equipage. 

DIS-FUR'NISHED, Deprived of furniture; stripped of 
apparatus. 

DIS-FUR NISH-ING, ppr. Depriving of furniture or appara- 
tus. 

t DIS-G AL'LANT, v. t. To deprive of gallantry. 

DIS-GAR'NISn, V. t. [d/s and garnish.] 1. To divest of 
garniture or ornaments. 2. To' deprive of a garrison, guns 
and military apparatus ; to degarnish. 

DIS-GAR'RI-SON, v. t. To deprive of a garrison. 

DIvS-GAV'EL, V. t. To take away the tenure of gavelkind. 

DIS-GAV'ELED, pp. Deprived of the tenure by gavelkind. 

DIS-GAV'EL-ING, ppr. Taking away tenure by gavelkind. 

DIS-GLo'RI-F'?, V. t. To deprive of glory ; to treat with in- 
dignity 

DIS-GORGE', (dis-gorj') v. t. [Fr. degorger.] 1. To eject 
or discharge from the stomach, throat or mouth ; to vomit. 
2. To throw out with violence ; to discharge violently or 
in great quantities from a confined place. 

DIS-GORGED, (dis-gorjd') pp. Ejected ; discharged from the. 
stomacli or mouth ; thrown out with violence and in great 
quantities. 

DIS-GORGE'MENT, n. The act of disgorging ; a vomiting. 
Hall. 

DIS-GORG'ING, ppr. Discharging from the throat or mouth ; 
vomiting ; ejecting with violence and in great quantitiea 

t DIS-GOSTEL, V. i. [dis and gospel.] To differ from the 
precepts of the gospel. Milton. 

DIS-GRaCE', 71. [di-9 and grace.] 1. A state of being out of 
favor ; disfavor ; disesteem. 2. State of ignominy ; dis- 
honor ; shame. 3. Cause of shame. 4. Act of unkind- 
ness ; [not used.] Sidney. 

DIS-GRaCE', V. t. 1. To put out of favor. 2. To bring a 
reproach on ; to dishonor. 3. To brii g to shame ; to dis- 
honor ; to sink in estimation. 

DIS-GRaC'ED, (dis-grast') pp. Put out of favor; brought 
under reproach ; dishonored. 

DIS-jGRACE’FI JL, a. Shameful ; reproachful ; dishonorable ; 
procuring shame ; sinking reputation. 

DIS-GRaCE'FUL-LY, adv. 1. With disgrace. 2. Shame- 
fully ; reproachfully ; ignominiously ; in a disgraceful 
manner. 

DIS-GRaCE'FUL-NESS, n. Ignominy; shamefulness. 

DIS-GRa'CER, 71. One who disgraces ; one who exposes to 
disgrace ; one who brings into disgrace, shame or con- 
tempt. 

DIS-GRa'CING, ppr. Bringing reproach on ; dishonoring. 

DTS-GRa'CTOUS, a. Ungracious ; unpleasing. 

DIS-GRaDE', V. t. Our old word for degrade. 

DIS'GRE-GATE, V. t. To separate ; to disperse. 

DIS-GUTSE', (dis-gize') v. t. [Fr. deguiser.] 1. To conceal 
by an unusual habit, or mask. 2. To hide by a counter- 
feit appearance ; to cloke by a false show, by false lan- 
guage, or an artificial manner. 3. To disfigure ; to alter 
the form, and exhibit an unusual appearance. 4. To dis- 
figure or deform by liquor ; to intoxicate. 

DIS-GUISE', 71 . 1. A counterfeit habit ; a dress intended to 
conceal the person who wears it. 2. A false appearance ; 
a counterfeit show ; an artificial or assumed appearance, 
intended to deceive the beholder. 3. Change of manner 
bv drink ; intoxication. 

DIS-GUIS'ED, (dis-gizd') pp. Concealed by a counterfeit 
habit or anpearance ; intoxicated. 

DIS-GUT.'S'ED-LY, adv. So as to be concealed. 

DIS-GUISE'MENT, n. Dress of concealment ; false appear- 
ance. 


* See Synopsis. M^^VE, BOQK, DGVE BIJLL, UNITE. 


DIS-GUIS'ER, 71. 1. One who disguises himself or another 
2. He or that which disfigures. 

DIS-GUl.S'ING, ppr. Concealing by a counterfeit dress, or 
by a false show ; intoxicating. 

DIS-GUl^^'ING, 71. 1. 'I'lie act of giving a false appearance. 
2. Theatrical mummery or masking. 

DIS-GUST', 77. [Fr. degoiit.] 1. Disrelish ; distaste ; aver- 
sion to the taste of food or drink ; an unpleasant sensation 
excited in the organs of taste by something disagreeable. 
2. Dislike ; aversion ; an unpleasant sensation in the mind 
excited by something offensive. 

DIS-GUST', 77. t. 1. To excite aversion in the stomach ; to 
offend the taste. 2. To displease ; to offend the mind or 
moral taste. 

DIS-GUST'ED, 27/7. Displeased; olfended. 

DIS-GUST'FTJL, a. Offensive to the taste ; nauseous ; ex- 
citing aversion in the natural or moral taste. 

DIS-GUST'ING, 2W- Frovoking aversion ; offending tho 
taste. 2. a. Provoking dislike ; odious ; hateful. 

DIS-GUST'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to give disgust. 

DISH, 77. [Sax. disc.] 1. A broad, open vessel, used for 
serving up meat and various kinds of food at the table. 
2. The meat or provisions served in a dish. Hence, any 
particular kind of food. — 3. Among miners, a trough in 
which ore is measured. 

DISH, 7’. t. To put in a dish. 

DISH'-CLOTH, ) n. A cloth used for washing and wiping 

DISH'-CLOUT, \ dishes. Swift. 

DTSH'-WASH-ER, 7?. The name of a bird, the mergvs. 

DISH'-WA-TER, 77. Water in which dishes are washed. 

DIS-HA-BiL'I-TATE, v. t. To disqualify. 

DISH-A-BILLE', ) / { n. [Fr. deshabille.] Anun- 

DISH-A-BIL', \ ^‘iis-a-Dii j j . negligent 

dress for the morning. But see deshabille, the French, and 
more correct orthography. 

t DTS-HABff T, V. t. To drive from a habitation. Shak. 

DIS-HAR-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Incongruous. 

f DIS-HAR'MO-NY, j{7. [d75 and harmony.] Want of har- 
mony ; discord ; incongruity. 

DIS-HEARTEN, (dis-hilr'tn) v. t. [tZw and heart.] To dis- 
courage ; to deprive of courage ; to depress the spirits ; to 
deject ; to impress with fear. 

DIS-HEART'ENED, pp. Discouraged ; depressed in spirits ; 

' cast down. 

DIS-HEART'EN-ING, ppi\ Discouraging ; depressing tha 
spirits. 

DISHED, pp. Put in a dish or dishes. 

fDIS-HEIR', (diz-areO v. t. To debar from inheriting. 

t DIS-HER'I-SON, 77. The act of disinheriting, or cutting off 
from inheritance. Bp. Hall. 

DIS-HER'IT, 77. t. [Fr. desheriter.] To disinherit ; to cut off 
from the possession or enjoyment of an inheritance. 

DIS-HER'I-TANCE, 77 . The state of disheriting or of being 
disinherited. Beaumont. 

DIS-HER'IT-ED, pp. Cut off from an inheritance or heredi- 
tary succession. 

DIS-HER'IT-ING, ppr. Cutting off from an inheritance. 

DI-SHEV'EL, (dish-shev'el) v. t. [Fr. dcchcveler.] To 
spread the hair loosely ; to suffer the hair of the liead to 
hang negligently, and to flow without confinement. 

DI-SHEV'EL, V. i. To spread in disorder. Herbert. 

DI-SHEV'ELED, pp. or a. Hanging loosely and negligently, 
without confinement ; flowing in disorder. 

DI-SIIEA^'EL-ING, ppr. Spreading loosely. 

DISH'ING, ; 7 pr. 1. Putting in a dish or dishes. 2. a. Con- 
cave ; having the hollow form of a dish. 

DIS-HON'EST, (diz-on'est) a. 1. Void of honesty ; destitute 
of probity, integrity or good faith ; faithless ; fraudulent ; 
knavish ; having or exercising a disposition to deceive, 
cheat and defraud. 2. Proceeding from fraud or marked 
by it i fraudulent ; knavish. 3. Disgraced ; dishonored ; 
from the sense in Latin. 4. Disgraceful ; ignominious ; 
from the Latin sense. 5. Unchaste ; lewd. Shak. 

DIS-HON'EST-LY, (diz-on'est-ly) adv. 1. In a dishonest 
manner ; without good faith, probity or integrity ; with 
fraudulent views ; knavishly. 2. Lewdly ; unchastely. 
licclesiasticiis. 

DIS-HON'EST-Y, (diz-on'est-y) 7 ?. 1. Want of probity, or 
integrity in principle ; faithlessness ; a disposition to clieat 
or defraud, or to deceive and betray. 2. Violation of trust 
or of justice ; fraud ; treachery ; any deviation from probi- 
ty or integrity. 3. Unchastity ; incontinence ; lewdness 
4. Deceit ; wickedness ; shame. 

DIS-HON'OR, (diz-on'or) 7 ?. [cJt^ and honor.] Reproach , 
disgrace ; ignominy ; shame ; whatever constitutes a stain 
or blemish in the reputation. 

DIS-HON'OR, v.t. L To disgrace; to bring reproach or 
shame on ; to stain the character of ; to lessen reputation. 
2. To treat with indignity. 3. To violate the chastity of ; 
to debauch. 4. To refuse or decline to accept or pay. 

DDS-HON'OR-A-BLE, (diz-on'or-a-bl) a. J. Shameful ; re- 
proachful ; base; vile ; bringing shame on ; staining the 
character, and lessening reputation. 2. Destitute of hon- 
or. 3. In a state of neglect or disesteem. 


€ as K ; 6 as J ; » as Z ; CH as Sn ; TH as in this^ f OhsoUU. 


DIS 


DIS 258 


DTS-ITON^OR-A*BLY, adv. ReproacJifully ; in a dislionora- 
hle manner. 

DIS-llUJs'..)R-A-RY, (diz-on^or-a-ry) a. Bringing dishonor 
on ; tending to disgrace ; lessening reputation. 

J)lS-iION'OLlEI), -pp. Disgraced ; brougiit into disrepute. 

DIS-IION'OR-ER, n. One vvJio dishonors or disgraces 3 one 
who treats another with indignity. 

DIS-HO-\'OR-ING, ppr. Disgracing 3 bringing into disre- 
pute 3 treating with indignity. 

DIS-IIORN', V. t. To deprive of horns. Shale. 

DIS-IIORN^ED, (dis-hornd') pp. Strip[>ed of horns. 

DIS-IIu'MOR, n. Peevishness ; ill humor. 

DIS-IM-PARK', V. t. To free from the barriers of a park 3 to 
free from restraints or seclusion. 

Dli*'-[M-PllOVE'MENT, n. [dis and improvement.'] Reduc- 
tion from a better to a worse state. [Little used.] Swift. 

DIS-IN^-OA R'CER-ATE, v. t. To liberate from prison 3 to 
set free from confinement. [JSTot much used.] 

DIl'-IN-GLI-Na'T 10N, 71. Want of inclination 3 want of 
propensity, desire or affection 3 slight dislike 3 aversion 3 
expressing less than hate. 

DIS-IN-GLINE , V. t. [dis and incline.] To excite dislike or 
slight aversion 3 to make disaffected 5 to alienate from. 

DIS-L\-€LTN'ED, (dis-in-klind') pp. Not inclined 3 averse. 

DIS-IN-GLTN*ING, ppr. Exciting dislike or slight aversion. 

DIS-fN-GOR'PO-RATE, v. t. 1. To deprive of corporate 
powers 3 to disunite a corporate body. 2. To detach or 
separate from a corporation or society. 

DIS-fN-GOR-PO-RA'TION, n. Deprivation of the rights 
and privileges of a corporation. fVarton. 

DIS-IN-FE€T', V. t. [dw and infect.] To cleanse from in- 
fection 5 to purify from contagious matter. 

D1S-IN-FE€T'ED, pp. Cleansed from infection. 

DIS-IN-FE€T'ING, ppr. Purifying from infection. 

DIS-IN-FEG'TION, n. Purification from infecting matter. 
Jifed. Repos. 

DIS-IN-GE-Nu'I-TY, 71. [db and ingenuity.] Meanness of 
artifice 3 unfairness 5 disingenuousness 3 want of candor. 
Clarendon. \ Little used.] 

DIS-IN-GEN'u-OUS, a. 1. Unfair 3 not open, frank and 
candid 3 meanly artful 3 illiberal 3 applied to persons. 2. 
Unfair 3 meanly artful 3 unbecoming true honor and dig- 
nity 5 as, disill (Tenuous conduct. 

DIS-IN-GEN'U-OUS-LY, ado. In a disingenuous manner 3 
unfairly 3 not openly and candidly 3 with secret manage- 
ment. 

DIS-IN-6EN'U-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Unfairness 3 want of can- 
dor 3 low craft. 2. Characterized by unfairness, as con- 
duct or practices. 

t DIS-IN-HAB'IT-ED, 0. Deprived of inhabitants. 

DIS IN-HER'I-SON, n. 1. The act of cutting off from hered- 
itary succession 3 the act of disinheriting. Bacon. 2. The 
state of being disinherited. Taylor. 

DIS-IN-HER'IT, V. t. To cut off from hereditary right 5 to 
deprive of an inheritance 3 to prevent, as an heir, from 
coming into possession of any property or right. 

DIS-IN-HER'IT-ED, pp. Cut off from an inheritance. 

DIS-IX-HERDT-ING, ppr. Depriving of an hereditary 
estate or right. 

DIS-IN'TE-G RA-BLE, a. That , may be separated into in- 
tegrant parts 3 capable of disintegration. 

DIS-IN'TE-GR ATE, v. t. [dt5 and integer.] To separate 
the integrant parts of. Kirwan. 

DIS-IN'TE-GRA-TED, pp. Separated into integrant parts 
withoTit chemical action. 

DIS-IN-TE-GRa'TION, 71. The act of separating integrant 
parts of a substance. 

DIS-IN-TER', V. t. [dis and inter.] I. To take out of a 
grave, or out of the earth. 2. To take out as from a 
grave ; to bring from obscurity into view. 

DIS-IN-TER-E^'ED. See Disinterested. 

t DIS-IN-TER-ESS'MENT, n. Disinterestedness. 

DIS-IN'TER-EST, 71. [dis and interest.] 1 . What is contra- 
ry to the interest or advantage 3 disadvantage 3 injury 3 
[little used.] 2. Indifference to profit 3 want of regard 
to private advantage. 

DIS-IN'TER-EST, v. t. To disengage from private interest 
or personal advantage. [Little used.] Fcltham. 

DIS-IN'TER-EST-ED, a. 3. Uninterested 3 indifferent 3 free 
from self-interest 3 having no personal interest or private 
advantage in a question or affair. 2. Not influenced or 
dictated by private advantage. 

DIS-IN'TER-EST-ED-LY, adv. In a disinterested manner. 

DIS-IN'TER-EST-ED-NESS, n. The state or quality of 
having no personal interest or private advantage in a 
question or event 5 freedom from bias or prejudice, on ac- 
count of private interest 3 indifference. 

DTS-IN'TER-EST-ING, a. Uninteresting. 

DIS-IN-TER'MENT, n. The act of disinterring, or taking 
out of the earth. 

DIS-IN-TER'RED, (dis-in-terd') pp. Taken out of the earth 
or grave. 


DIS-IN-THRALL', v. t. To liberate from slavery, bondage 
or servitude 3 to free or rescue from oppression. 

DIS-IN-TIIRALL'ED, (dis-in-thrawld') pp. Set free from 
bondage. 

DIS-IN-TIIRALL'ING, ppr. Delivering from slavery or ser- 
vitude. 

DIS-IN-TIIRALL'MENT, n. Liberation from bondage 3 
emancipation from slavery. E. J\Tott. 

t DIS-IN'TRI-CATE, v. t. To disentangle. Diet. 

DIS-IN-tjRE', V. t. [dt5 and inure.] To deprive of familiar- 
ity or custom. Milton. 

DIS-IN-VA-LID'I-TY, n. Want of validity. 

DIS-IN-ViTE', V. t. To recall an invitation. Finett. 

DIS-IN-VOLVE', (dis-in-volv') v. t. To uncover 3 to unfold 
or unroll 3 to disentangle. More. 

DIS-JEC'TION, n. [L. disjectio.] A casting down. 

DIS-JOIN', V. t. [dL- and join.] To part 3 to disunite 3 to 
separate 5 to sunder. 

DIS-JOIN'ED, (dis-joind') pp. Disunited 3 separated. 

DIS-JOIN'ING, Disuniting 3 severing. 

DIS-JOINT', V. t. [dt5 and joint.] 1. To separate a joint 3 
to separate parts united by joints. 2. To put out of joint 3 
to force out of its socket 3 to dislocate. 3. To separate at 
junctures 3 to break at the part where things are united 
by cement. 4. To break in pieces 3 to separate united 
parts. 5. To break the natural order and relations of a 
thing 5 to make incoherent. 

DIS-JOINT', V. i. To fall in pieces. Shak. 

DIS-JOINT', a. Disjointed. Shak. 

DIS-JOINT'ED, pp. Separated at the joints 3 parted limb 
from limb 5 carved 3 put out of joint 3 not coherent. 

DIS-JOINT'ING, ppr. Separating joints 3 disjoining limb 
from limb 3 breaking at the seams or junctures 3 render- 
ing incoherent. 

DIS-JOINT'LY, adv. In a divided state. Sandys. 

t DIS-JU-DI-€a'TION, 71. [L. dijudicatio.] Judgment 3 de- 
termination. Boyle. 

DIS-JUNCT', a. [L. disjunctus.] Disjoined 5 separated. 

DIS-JUNC'TION, 71. [h. disjunctio.] The act of disjoining 3 
disunion ; separation 3 a parting. 

DIS-JUNC'TIVE, a. 1. Separating 3 disjoining. 2. Inca- 
pable of union. Orew. — 3. In grammar.^ a disjunctive con- 
junction is a word which unites sentences in construction, 
but disjoins the sense 3 as, I love him, or I fear him. — 
4. In logicy a disjunctive proposition is one in which the 
parts are opposed to each other, by means of disjunctives ; 
as, it is either day or night. 

DIS-JUNC'TIVE, 7». A word that disjoins. 

DIS-JUN€'TIVE-LY, adv. In a disjunctive manner 3 sep- 
arately. 

DISK, n. [L. di5cii5.] 1. The body and face of the sun, 
moon or a planet, as it appears to us on the earth. 2. A 
quoit 5 a piece of stone, iron or copper, inclining to an 
oval figure, which the ancients hurled by the help of a 
leathern thong tied round the person’s hand, and put 
through a hole in the middle. — 3. In botany, the whole sur- 
face of a leaf 5 the central part of a radiate compound flower 

DIS-KlND'x\ESS, 71. 1. Want of kindness 3 unkindness , 
want of affection. 2. Ill turn 3 injury 3 detriment. 

DIS-LTKE', 71. 1. Disapprobation 3 disinclination 3 displea- 
sure 3 aversion 3 a moderate degree of hatred. 2. Dis- 
cord_3 disagreement ; [not in wsc.] Fairfax. 

DIS-LiKE', v. t. 1. To disapprove 3 to regard with some 
aversion or displeasure. 2. To disrelish 3 to regard with 
some disgust. 

DIS-LTK'ED, (dis-llkd') pp. Disapproved 3 disrelished. 

t DIS-LTKE'FjJL, a. Disliking 3 disaffected. Spenser. 

DIS-LIK'EN, V. t. To make unlike. Shak. 

DIS-LTKE'NESS, n. [dis and likeness.] Unlikeness 3 want 
of resemblance 3 dissimilitude. Locke. 

DIS-LlFv'ER, 77. One who disapproves, or disrelishes. 

DlS-LlK'ING, ppr. Disapproving 3. disrelishing. 

DIS-LIMB', (dis-lim') v. t. To tear the limbs from. 

t DIS-LIMN', (dis-lim') v. t. To strike out of a picture. 

DIS'LO-CATE, V. t. [dis^ and L. Zocii.?.] To displace 3 to put 
out of its proper place 3 particularly , to put out of joint 3 
to disjoint 3 to move a bone from its socket, cavity or 
place of articulation. 

DIS'LO-CA-TED, pp. Removed from its proper place 3 put 
out of joint. 

DIS'LO-€A-TING, ppr. Putting out of its proper place, or 
out of joint. 

DIS-LO-Ca'TION, 77. 1. The act of moving from its proper 
place 3 particularly the act of removing or forcing a bone 
from ila socket 3 luxation. 2. The state of being dis- 
placed. Burnet. 3. A joint displaced. — 4. In geology, 
the displacement of parts of rocks, or portions of strata, 
from the situations which they originally occupied. 

DIS- LODGE', (dis-lcylj') v. t. [dis and lodge.] 1. To remove 
or drive from a lodge or place of rest 3 to drive from the 
place where a thing naturally rests or inhabits. 2. To 
drive from a place of retirement or retreat. 3. To drive 
from any place of rest or liobitation, or from any station. 
4. To remove an army to other quarters. 


t Obsolete. 


•IS-IN-TER'RING, ppr. Taking out of the earth, or out of 
a grave. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, 0, U, Y, 


long.- 


-FAR, FALL, WHAT ,— PR£Y 3— PIN, MARINE, BiRD 3— 


DIS 


259 


ms 


DIS-L 0 D 6 E', V. i. To go from a place of rest. 

DIS-LODO'ED, (dis-Iodjd') pp. Driven from a lodge or place 
of rest ; removed from a place of habitation, or from any 
station. 

DIS-L 0 D 6 'ING, ppr. Driving from a lodge, from a place of 
rest or retreat, or from any station. 

DIS-LOY'AL, a. [dis <md loyal.] 1 . Not true to .allegiance ; 
false to a sovereign ; faithless. 2. P'alse j perfidious ^ 

, treacherous. 3 . Not tnie to the marriage-bed. S/iak. 4 . 
False in lov'e ; not constant. Johnson. 

DIS-LOY'AL-LY, adv. In a disloy.al manner j with viola- 
tion of faith or duty to a sovereign 3 faithlessly 5 perfidi- 
ously. 

DIS-LOY'AL-TY, n. 1 . Want of fidelity to a sovereign ; 
violation of allegiance, or duty to a prince or sovereign 
authority. 2 . Want of fidelity in love. Shale. 

DIS'MAL, a. 1 . Dark 3 gloomy. 2 . Sorrowful 3 dire; hor- 
rid; melancholy; calamitous; unfortunate. 3 . Fright- 
ful ; horrible.* 

DIS'MAL-LY, adv. Gloomily 3 horribly 3 sorrowfully 3 un- 
comfortably. 

DIS'MAL-NESS, n. Gloominess 3 horror. 

DIS-MAN'TLE, v. t. [dis and mantle.] 1 . To deprive of 
dress 3 to strip 3 to divest. 2 . To loose 3 to throw open. 
3 . More generally, to deprive or strip of apparatus, or fur- 
niture 3 to unrig. 4 . To deprive or strip of military fur- 
niture. 5 . 'J’o deprive of outworks or forts. 6. To break 
down. 

DIS-MAN^TLED, pp. Divested 3 stripped of furniture 3 un- 
rigged. 

DIS-MAN'TLING, ppr. Stripping of dress 3 depriving of 
apparatus or furniture. 

DIS-MaSK', V. t. [dis and 77jasA:.] To strip off a mask 3 to 
uncover 3 to remove that which conceals. 

DIS-MASK'ED, (dis-maskt') pp. Divested of a mask 3 strip- 
ped of covering or disguise 3 uncovered. 

DlS-xMASK'ING, ppr. Stripping of a mask or covering. 

DIS-MAST', V. t. [dis and 77^as^.] To deprive of a mast or 
masts 3 to break and carry away tlie masts from. 

DIS-MAST'ED, pp. Deprived of a mast or masts. 

DIS-MAST'ING, ppr. Stripping of masts. 

DIS-MAST'MENT, n. The act of dismasting 3 the state of 
being dismasted. Marshall. 

DIS-M A Y', V. t. [Sp. desmayar.] To deprive of that strength 
or firmness of mind which constitutes courage 3 to dis- 
courage 3 to dishearten 3 to sink or depress the spirits or 
resolution 3 hence, to affright or terrify. 

DIS-iMAY', n. [Sp. desmayo.] Fall or loss of courage ; a 
sinking of the spirits 3 depression 3 dejection 3 a yielding 
to fear 3 that loss of firmness which is effected by fear or 
terror ; fear impressed 3 terror felt. 

DIS-MaY'ED, (dis-made*) pp. Disheartened 3 deprived of 
courage. 

t DIS-MaY'ED-NESS, 71 . A state of being dismayed 3 de- 
jection of courage 3 dispiritedness. 

DIS-MaY'ING, ppr. Depriving of courage. 

DISME, or DIME, n. [Fr.] A tenth part ; a tithe, jiyliffe. 

DIS-MEM'BER, V. t. 1 . To divide limb from limb 3 to sep- 
arate a member from the body 3 to tear or cut in pieces 3 
to dilacerate 3 to mutilate. 2 . To separate a part from the 
main body 3 to divide 3 to sever. 

DIS-MEM^BERED, pp. Divided member from member 3 
torn or cut in pieces 3 divided by the separation of a part 
from the main body. 

DIS-MEM'BER-ING, ppr. Separating a limb or limbs from 
the body 3 dividing by taking a part or parts from the 
body. 

DfS-MEM^BER-ING, n. Mutilation. Blackstone. 

DIS-ME]M'BER-MENT, n. The act of severing a limb or 
limbs from the body ; the act of tearing or cutting in 
pieces 3 mutilation 3 the act of severing a part from the 
main body ; division 3 separation. 

DIS-MET'TLED, a. Destitute of fire or spirit. [J\Tot much 
7 ised.] Lleinellyn. 

DIS-MISS', V. t. [L. dimissus.] 1 . To send away 3 properly, 
to give leave of departure 3 to permit to depart 3 implying 
authority in a jTerson to retain or keep. 2 . To discard 3 
to remove from office, service or employment. 3 . To 
send ; to dispatcli. 4 . To send or remove from a docket 3 
to discontinue. 

t DIS-MISS', n. Discharge 3 dismission. 

biS-MISS'AL, 77. Dismission. 

DIS-.MISS'ED, (dis-mist') pp. Sent away 3 permitted to de- 
part ; removed from office or employment. 

DIS-MISS'ING, ppr. Sending away ; giving leave to de- 
part 3 removing from office or service. 

DIS-MIS'SION, 77. [L. dimissio.] 1 . The act of sending 
avvay 3 leave to depart. 2 . Removal from office or em- 
ployment 3 discharge. 3 . An act requiring departure 3 
[not usual.] Shah. 4 . Removal of a suit in equity. 

DIS-MISS'IVE, a. Giving dismission. 

DIS-MORT'GAGE, (dis-mor'gaje) v. t. To redeem from 
mortgage. Howell. 

DIS-MOUNT', V. i. [dw and mount.] 1 . To alight from a 


horse ; to descend or get off, as a rider from a beast. 2. 

\ To descend from an elevation 

DIS-MOlJJ\T', V. t. 1 . To throw or remove from a horse 3 
to unhorse.^ 2 . To throw or bring down from any eleva- 
tion. 3 . 'i’o throw or remove cannon or other artillery 
from their carriages 3 or to break the carriages or wheels, 
and render guns useless. 

DIS-MOUNT'ED, pp. 1 . Thrown from ahorse, or from an 
elevation 3 unhorsed, or removed from horses by order. 
2 . Thrown or removed from carriages. 

DIS-MOUNT'ING, ppr. Tlirowing from a horse 3 unhors- 
ing 3 removing from an elevation 3 throwing or removing 
from carriages. 

DIS-NAT'U-RAL-iZE, v. t. To make alien 3 to deprive of 
the privileges of birth. 

DIS-Na'TURED, a. Deprived or destitute of natural feel- 
ings 3 unnatural. 

DIS-O-Be'DI-ENCE, 77. [dis and obedience.] 1 . Neglect or 
refusal to obey ; violation of a command or prohibition 3 
the omission of that which is commanded to be done, or 
tlie doing of that which is forbid 3 breach of duty pre- 
scribed by authority. 2 . Non-compliance. 

DIS-O-Be'DI-ENT, a. 1 . Neglecting or refusing to obey 3 
omitting to do what is commanded, or doi)ig what is pro- 
hibited 3 refractory 3 not observant of duty or rules i)ie- 
scribed by authority. 2 . Not yielding to exciting force or 
power. 

DIS-O-BEY', V. t. [dis and obey.] To neglect or refuse to 
obey 3 to omit or refuse to do what is commanded, or to 
do what is forbid 3 to transgress or violate an order or in- 
junction. 

DlS- 0 -BEY'ED, (dis-o-bade') pp. Not obe5’ed 3 neglected 3 
transgressed. 

DIS-O-BEY'ING, ppr. Omitting or refusing to obey 3 viola- 
ting ; transgressing, as authority or law. 

DIS-OB-LI-G action, n. [dis and obligation .] The act of 
disobliging 3 an offense 3 cause of disgust. Clarendon. 

DIS-OB'LI-GA-TO-RY, a. Releasing obligation. 

* DIS-O-BLTGE', 77. t. [See * Oblige.] 1 . 1 'o do an act which 
contravenes the will or desires of another 3 to offend by 
an act of unkindness or incivility 3 to injure in a sliglit 
degree. 2 . To release from obligation 3 [not used.] Up. 
Hall. 

* DIS-O-BLIG'ED, (dis-o-blljd^) pp. Offended 3 slightly in- 
jured. 

* D 1 S- 0 -BLTGE'MENT, 77. The act of disobliging. Milton. 

* DIS-O-BLiG'ER, n. One who disobliges. 

* DIS-O-BLiGTNG, ppr. 1 . Offending 3 contravening the 
wishes of 3 injuring slightly. 2 . a. Not obliging 3 not dis- 
posed to gratify the wishes of another 3 not disposed to 
please 3 unkind 3 offensive 3 unpleeising 3 unaccoinnioda- 
ting. 

* DIS-O-BLiG'ING-LY’, adv. In a disobliging manner 3 of- 
fensively. 

* DIS-O-BLIG'ING-NESS, n. Offensiveness 3 disposition to 
displease, or want of readiness to please. 

t DIS-O-PINTON, 77. Difference of opinion. 

DIS-ORB'ED, (dis-orbd') a. [dis and orb.] Thrown out of 
the proper orbit. Shak. 

DIS-OR'DER, 77. [dis and order. ] 1 . Want of order or reg- 
ular disposition ; irregularity 3 immethodical distribution ; 
confusion. 2 . Tumult 3 disturbance of the peace of so- 
ciety. 3 . Neglect of rule 3 irregularity. 4 . Breach of 
laws 3 violation of standing rules, or institutions, fi. Ir- 
regularity, disturbance or interruption of the functions of 
tlie animal economy 3 disease; distemper; sickness, (i. 
Discomposure of the mind 3 turbulence of passions. 7 . Ir- 
regularity in the functions of the brain 3 derangement of 
the intellect or reason. 

DIS-OR'DER, V. t. 1 . To break order; to derange ; to dis- 
turb any regular disposition or arrangement of things ; to 
put out of method ; to throw into confusion 3 to confuse. 
2 . To disturb or interrupt the natui-al functio** of the ani- 
mal economy; to produce sickness or indisposition. 3 , 
To discompose or disturb the mind 3 to ruffle. 4 . To dis- 
turb the regular operations of reason 3 to derange. 5 . To 
depose from holy orders ; [i/Tiir.sutuZ.] Vryden. 

DIS-OR'DERED, pp. Put out of order ; deranged 3 disturb- 
ed 3 discomposed 3 confused 3 sick 3 indisposed. 

DIS-OR'DERED, fl. Disorderly 3 irregular; vicious; loose; 
unrestrained in behavior. Shak. 

DIS-OR'DER-ED-NESS, n. A state of disorder or irregu- 
larity 3 confusion. 

DIS-OR*DER-LY, a, l.Confiised; immethodical 3 irregu- 
lar; being without proper order or disposition. 2 . Tu- 
multuous 3 irregular 3 as the disorderly motions of the 
spirits. 3 , Lawless 3 contrary to law 3 viohiting or dis- 
posed to violate law and good order, 4 , Inclined to break 
loose from restraint 3 unruly. 

DIS-OR'DER-LY, adv. 1 , Without order, rule or method 3 
irregularly ; confusedly ; in a disorderly manner. 2 , In 
a manner violating law and good order; in a manner 
contrary to rules or established institutions, 

DlS-OiPDl-NATE, a. Disorderly 3 living Irregularly. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE 3— BULL, UNITE.— € as K 3 G as J ; $ as Z ; CII as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolett 


DIS 260 DIS 


DIS-OR'DI-NATE-LY, adv. Inordinately ; irregularly ; 
viciously. 

DIS-OR-GAN-I-Za'TION, n. 1. Tlie act of disorganizing ; 
tlie act of destroying organic structure, or connected sys- 
tem ] tlie act of destroying order. 2. The state of being 
disorganized. 

J AxV-IZE, V. t. To break or destroy organic struc- 
ture or connected system; to dissolve regular system or 
union of parts. 

DlS-( )R'GAx\-IZED, pp. Reduced to disorder ; being in a 
confused state. 

DIri-Uit'GAN-IZ-ER, n. One who disorganizes ; one who 
destroys or attempts to interrupt regular order or system ; 
one who introduces disorder and confusion. 

DIS-OK'GAN-IZ-ING, ppr. 1. Destroying regular and con- 
nected system ; throwing into confusion. U. a. Disposed 
or tending to disorganize. 

DIS-o'ill-ENT-A-TED, a. Turned from the east; turned 
from tlie right direction. 

DIS oVV'N', V. t. 1. I’o deny ; not to own ; to refuse to ac- 
knowledge as belonging to one’s self. 2. To deny ; not 
to allow. 

DlS-oWN'ED, (dis-ond') pp. Not owned ; not acknowl- 
edged as one’s own ; denied ; disallowed. 

DIS-oWi\'lNG, ppr. Not owning; denying; disallowing. 

DIS-OX'Y-DATE, v. t. To reduce from oxydation ; to re- 
duce from the state of an oxyd, by disengaging oxygen 
from a substance. 

DIS-OX'Y-DA-TED, pp. Reduced from the state of an oxyd. 

DIS-OX'Y-DA-TINGj ppr. Reducing from the state of an 
oxyd. 

DIS-UX-Y-Da'TION, n. The act or process of freeing from 
oxygen, and reducing from the state of an oxyd. JUed. 
Repos. 

DIS-OX'Y-GEN-ATE, V. t. [dis and oxygenate.] To de- 
prive of oxygen. 

DIS-OX'V-GEN-A-TED, pp. Freed from oxygen. 

DIS-OX'Y-GEN-A-TING, ppr. Freeing from oxygen. 

DIS-OX-Y-GEN-a'TION, n. The act or process of separa- 
ting oxygen from any substance containing it. 

+ DIS- PACE', V. i. To range about. Spenser. 

DIS-PAIIl', V. t. [dt5 and pair.] To separate a pair or 
couple. Beaumont. 

t DIS-PAND^, V. t. [L. dispando.] To display. I?ict. 

t DIS-PAN'SION, ?i. The act of spreading or displaying. 

I)IS-PAR'A-DISED, a. [dis and paf'adisc.] Removed from 
paradise. 

DIS-PAR'AGE, V. t. [Norm. de^peroo-cr.J 1. To marry one 
to another of inferior condition or nink ; to dishonor by 
an unequal match or marriage, against the rules of decen- 
cy. 2. To match unequally ; to injure or dislionor by 
union with something of inferior excellence. 3. To in- 
jure or dishonor by a comparison with something of less 
value or excellence. 4. To treat with contempt ; to un- 
dervalue ; to lower in rank or estimation; to vilify; to 
bring reproach on ; to reproacli ; to debase by words or 
actions ; to dishonor. 

DIS-PAll'AGED, pp. Married to one beneath his or her 
condition ; unequally matched ; dishonored or injured by 
comparison with something inferior ; undervalued ; vili- 
fied ; debased ; reproached. 

DIS-PAR'AGE-MENT, ?i. ]. The matching of a man or 
woman to one of inferior rank or condition, and against 
the rules of decency. 2. Injury by union or comparison 
with something of inferior excellence. Johnson. 3. Dim- 
inution of value or excellence ; reproacli ; disgrace ; in- 
dignity ; dishonor. 

DIS-PA R'A-GER, n. One who disparages or dishonors; 
one who vilifies or disgraces. 

DIS-PAR'A-Gli\G, 2W- Marrying one to another of inferior 
condition ; dishonoring by an unequal union or compari- 
son ; disgracing ; dishonoring. 

DIS-PAR'A-GING-LY, ado. In a manner to disparage or 
dishonor. 

DIS PA-RATE, a. [L. disparata.] Unequal ; unlike ; dis- 
similar. Robison. 

DIS'PA-RATES, n. phi. Things so unequal or unlike, tliat 
they cannot be compared with each other. 

DIS-PAR'I-T Y, n. [Fr. disparitc.] 1. Irregularity ; differ- 
ence in degree, in age, rank, condition or excellence. 
2. Dissimilitude ; unlikeness. 

DIS-PaRIv', V. t. I. To throw open a park ; to lay open. 
2. d’o set at large ; to release from confinement. 

t DI?-PAR'KLE, V. t. To scatter abroad ; to disperse. 

DIS- PART', V. t. [di*’ and part ; Fr. departir.] To part 
asunder ; to divide ; to separate ; to sever ; to burst ; to 
rend ; to rive or split. Milton. 

DIS-PART', V. i. To separate ; to open ; to cleave. 

DIS-PART', n. In gunnery, the thickness of the metal of a 
piece of ordnance at the mouth and britch. 

DIS-PART', V. t. In gunnery, to set a mark on the muzzle- 
ring of a piece of ordnance. 

DIS-PA RT'ED, pp. Divided ; separated ; parted ; rent 
asunder. 


DIS-PART'ING, ppr. Severing ; dividing ; bursting; cleav- 
ing. 

DIS-PAS'SION, 7J. Freedom from passion ; an undisturbed 
state of the mind ; apathy. 

DIS-PAS'SION-A'J'E, a. 1. Free from passion ; calm ; 
composed ; impartial ; moderate ; temperate ; unmoved 
by feelings. 2. Not dictated by passion ; not proceeding 
from temper or bias ; impartial. 

f DIS-PAS'rflON-A-TED, a. Cool ; free from passion. 

DiS-PAS'SlON-ATE-LY, adv. Without passion ; calmly ; 
coolly. 

t DIS-PAS'SIONED, a. Free from passion. Donne. 

DIS-PATCH', V. t. [Fr. dcpScher.] 1. To send or send 
away ; particularly applied to the sending of messengers, 
agents and letters on special business, and often implying 
haste. 2. To send out of the world ; to put to death. 
3. To perform ; to execute speedily ; to finish. 

t DiS-PATClI', V. i. To conclude an affair with another ; 
to transact and finisli. Shak. 

DIS-PATCIP, n. 1. !?peedy performance; execution or 
transaction of business with due diligence. 2. Speed : 
haste ; expedition ; due diligence. 3. Conduct ; manage- 
ment ; [nut used.] Shak. 4. A letter sent or to be sent 
with expedition, by a messenger express ; or a letter on 
some affair of state, or of public concern ; or a packet of 
letters, sent by some public officer, on public business. 

DIS-PATCIl'ED, (dis-pacht') pp. Sent with haste or by a 
courier express ; sent out of the world ; put to deatli ; 
performed ; finished. 

DIS-PATCH'ER, n. 1. One that dispatches; one that kills. 
2. One tliat sends on a special errand. 

DIS-PATCH'FIJL, a. Bent on haste ; indicating haste ; in- 
tent on speedy execution of business. 

DlS-PATCH'IiSG, ppr. Sending away in haste ; putting to 
death ; executing ; finishing. 

DIS-PAU'PER, V. t. To deprive of the claim of a pauper 
to public support ; to reduce back from the state of a pau- 
per. 

DIS-PEL', V. t. [L. dispello.] To scatter by driving or 
force ; to disperse ; to dissipate ; to banish. 

DIS-PEL'LED, (dis-peld ) pp. Driven away ; scattered ; 
dissipated. 

DIS-PEL'LING, ppr. Driving aAvay ; dispersing ; scatter- 
ing. 

tDlS-PENCE', n. Expense; cost; profusion. Spenser. 

DIS-PEND', V. t. [L. dispendo.] To spend ; to lay out; to 
consume. See Expend. Spenser. 

DIS-PEND'ER, n. One that distributes. 

DIS-PENS'A-BLE, a. That may be dispensed with. 

DIS-PENS'A-BLE-NESS, n. Ihe capability of being dis- 
pensed with. Hammond. 

DIS-PENS'A-RY, n. A house, place or store, in which 
medicines are dispensed to the poor, and medical advice 
given, gratis. 

DlS-PEN-t?A'TION, n. [h. di^pensatio.] I. Distribution; 
the act of dealing out to different persons or places. 2. 
The dealing of God to his creatures ; the distribution of 
good and evil, natural or moral, in the divine govern- 
ment. 3. The granting of a license, or the license itself, 
to do what is forbidden by laws or canons, or to omit 
something which is commanded. 4. That which is dis- 
pensed or bestowed ; a system of principles and rites en- 
joined. 

DIS-PENS'A-TTV'E, a. Granting dispensation. 

DIS-PENS A-llVE-LY, adv. Py dispensation. TVotton. 

DIS-PEN-SA TOR, ?i. [L.l One whose employment is to 
deal out or distriliute ; a distributor ; a dispenser. 

DIS-PENS'A-TO-RY, a. Having power to grant dispensa- 
tions. 

DIS-PENS'A-TO-RY, n. A book containing the method of 
preparing the various kinds of medicines. 

DIS-PENSE', (dis-pens') t. [Fr. 1. To deal or 

divide out in parts or portions ; to distribute. The stew- 
ard dispenses provisions to every man, according to his 
directions. 2. To administer ; to apply, as laws to par- 
ticular cases ; to distribute justice. — 1 . I'o dispense with, to 
permit not to take effect ; to neglect or pass by ; to sus- 
pend the operation or application of something. 2. To 
excuse from ; to give leave not to do or observe what is 
required or commanded. 3. To permit the want of a 
thing which is useful or convenient; or, in the vulgar 
phrase, to do without. 

t DIS-PENSE', 7J. 1. Dispensation, Milton. 2. Expense; 
profusion. Spenser. 

DIS-PENS'ED, (dis-penst') pp. Distributed ; administered. 

DIS-PENS'ER, n. One who dispenses ; one who distributes; 
one who administers. 

DIS-PENS'ING, ppr. 1. Distributing; administering. 2. a. 
That may dispense with ; granting dispensation ; that 
may grant license to omit what is required by law, or to 
do v^hat the law forbids. 

DltS-Pi'.O'PLE, r. t. [dis and people.] To depopulate ; to 
ejtipty of inhabitants, as by destruction, expulsion or other 
means. Milton. 


* See Synopsis. A, li, I, 0, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — \ Obsolete. 


DIS 


261 


DIS-PeO'PLED, pp. Depopulated j deprived of inhabit- 
ants^ 

DI 8 -PkO'PLER, V. One who depopulates j a depopulator j 
that_\vliich deprives of inhabitants. 

DIS-PEO'PLfi\G, ppr. Depopulating, 
f DJS-PElv(jE', (dis-perj') r. t. [L. dispergo.'] To sprinkle. 
DIS-PERM'OUS, a. [Gr. (u, Sig^ and cnreppa.] In botany^ 
two-seeded ; containing two seeds only. 

DIS-PERSE', (dis-pei*s') f. [lu. dispersics.'] 1 . To scatter ; 
to drive asunder j to cause to separate into different parts. 
2. To diffuse j to spread. 3. To dissipate. 4. To dis- 
tribute. 

DliS-PERSE', r. i. 1. To be scattered ; to separate ; to go or 
move into different parts. 2. To be scattered ; to vanish 3 
as fog or vapors. 

DIS-PEllS'ED, (dis-persP) pp. Scattered; driven apart; 
diffused ; dissipated. 

DIS-PPIRS'ED-L Y, adv. In a dispersed manner ; separately. 
Hooker. 

DIS-PERS'ED-NESS, n. The state of being dispei-sed or 
scattered. 

DIS-PERSE'NESS, n. Thinness ; a scattered state. [Little 
M9ed.] Brcrcwood. 

DIS-PERS'ER, 71. One who disperses. Spectator. 
DIS-PERS'ING, ppr. Scattering ; dissipating. 
DIS-PER'SION, 71. 1. The act of scattering. 2. The state 
of being scattered, or separated into remote parts. — 3. By 
1 C ay of eminence^ the scattering or separation of the human 
family, at the building of Babel. — 4. In optics^ the diver- 
gency of the rays of light, or rather the separation of the 
different colored rays, in refraction, arising from their 
different refrangibilities. — 5. In medicine and snrgery^the 
removing of inffammation from a part, and restoring it to 
its natural state. 

DTS-PERS'IVE, a. Tending to scatter or dissipate. 
DIS-PIR'IT, v. t. [dis and d'pirit.] 1. To depress the spirits ; 
to deprive of courage ; to discourage ; to dishearten ; to 
deject ; to cast down. 2. To exhaust the spirits or vigor 
of the body ; [not unual.] Collier. 

DIS-PIRRT-ED, pp. Discouraged ; depressed in spirits ; de- 
jected ; intimidated. 

DIS- PIR'IT-ED -NESS, n. Want of courage ; depression of 
spirits. 

DIS-PllDIT-ING, ppr. Discouraging ; disheartening ; de- 
jecting; intimidating. 

t DIS-PIT'E-OUS, a. Having no pity ; cruel ; furious. 
Spenser. 

t DIS-PIT'E-OUS-LY, adv. Maliciously. 

DIS-PLaCE', V. t. [dis and place.] 1. To put out of the 
usual or proper place ; to remove from its place. 2. To 
remove from any state, condition, office or dignity. 3 . 
To disj)rder. 

DIS-PLaC'ED, (dis-plast') pp. Removed from the proper 
place ; deranged ; disordered ; removed from an office or 
state. 

DIS-PLaCE'MENT, 77. [Fr. deplacement.] The act of dis- 
placing ; the act of removing from the usual or proper 
place, or from a state, condition or office. Asiat. Res. 
DIS-PLa CEN-CY, 77 .. [L. displicentia.] Incivility ; that 
which displeases or disobliges. 

DIS-PLaC'ING, ppr. Putting out of the usual or proper 
place ; removing from an office, state or condition. 
DIS-PLANT , 77. t. 1. To pluck up or to remove a plant. 2. 
To drive away or remove from the usual place of resi- 
dence. 3. To strip of inhabitants. 

DIf5-PLAN-TA'T[ON, n. 1. The removal of a plant. 2. 

The removal of inhabitants or resident people. 
DIS-PLANT'ED, pp. 1. Removed from the place where it 
grew, as a plant. 2. Removed from the place of resi- 
dence. 3. Deprived of inhabitants. 

DIS-PLANT'ING, ppr. Removing, as a plant. 
DIS-PLANT'ING, n. Removal from a fixed place. 

DIS-PIj AT', V. t. To untwist ; to uncurl. Ilakcvoill. 
DIS-PLaY', V. t. [Fr. deployer.] 1. Literally^ to unfold ; 
hence, to open ; to spread wide ; to expand. 2. To spread 
before the view ; to show ; to exhibit to the eyes, or to 
the mind ; to make manifest. 3. To carve ; to dissect 
and open. 4. To set to view ostentatiously. 5. To dis- 
cover ; [o&s.] Spenser. 6. To open ; to unlock ; [ois.] 
B. Jonson. 

DIS-PLa Y', v. i. To talk without restraint ; to make a 
great show of words. Skak. 

DIS-PLa Y', n. 1. An opening or unfolding ; an exhibition 
of any thing to the view. 2. Show ; exhibition. 

DIS-PLa Y'ED, Cdis-plade') pp. Unfolded ; opened ; spread; 

expanded ; exhibited to view ; manifested. 

DIS-PLa Y'ER, n. He or that which displays. 

DIS-PLa Y ffNG, 7>;7r. Unfolding; spreading; exhibiting; 
manifesting. 

f DIS'PLE, V. t. To discipline ; to chastise. Spenser. 
i DIS-PL kAS'ANCE, 77. [Fi. deplaisance.] Anger; discon- 
tent. Spenser. 

DIS-PLEAS'ANT, (dis-plez'ant) a. Unpleasing ; offensive ; 
unpleasant. 


DIS 

DIS-PLkASE', (dis-pleez') v. t. [dis and 1. To of- 

tend ; to make angry, sometimes in a slight degree. 2. 
To disgust ; to excite aversion in. 3. To offend ; to be 
disagreeable to. 

DIS-PLkASE', v.i. To disgust ; to raise aversion. 
^I^^'LeAS'ED, (dis-pleezd ) pp. Offended ; disgusted. 
DlS-PLf^AS'fED-NESS, n. Displeasure ; uneasiness. 
DIS-PLeAS'ING, ppr. or a. Offensive to the eye, to the 
mind, to the smell, or to the taste; disgusting; dis- 
agreeable. ® 

DIjs-PLkASTNG-NESS, 77. Offensiveness ; the quality of 
giving some degree of disgust. 

Dit^-PLEAS'URE, (dis-plezh ur) n. 1. Some irritation or 
uneasiness of the mind, occasioned by any thing tliat 
counteracts desire or command, or which opposes justice 
and a sense of propriety. 2. Offense ; cause of irritation. 
3. State of disgrace or disfavor, 
t DIS-PLEA&'URE, V. t. To displease. Bacon. 
t DIS'PLI-CENCE, 77. [L. displicentia .] Dislike. 
DIS-PLoDE', V. t. [L. displodo.] To vent, discliarge or 
burst with a violent sound. Milton. 

DIS-PLoDE', V. i. 'I’o burst with a loud report ; to explode. 
DIS-PLoD'ED, pp. Discharged witli a loud report. 
DIS-PLoD'lNG, ppr. Discharging or bursting with a loud 
report. 

DlS-PLo^SION, n. The act of disploding ; a sudden burst- 
ing with a loud report ; an explosion. 

DIS-PLO'i?IVE, a. K'oting displosion. 

DIS-PLuME^, V. i. To strip or deprive of plumes or feath- 
ers ; to strip of badges of lionor. Burke. 

DlS-PLuIM'ED, (dis-plumd') 77 / 7 . S'tri{)ped of plumes. 
DIS-PLUxM'lNG, ppr. Depriving of plumes. 

DIS-PON'DEE, n. In Greek and Latin poetry^ a double 
spondee, consisting of four long syllables. 

DIS-PoNGE'. See Dispunge. 

DIS-PoRT', 77. [dis and sport.] Play ; sport ; pastime ; di- 
version ; amusement; merriment. Milton. 

DIS-PoRT', V. i. To play ; to wanton ; to move lightly and 
without restraint ; to move in gayet 5 ^ 

DIS-PdRT', V. t. To divert or amuse. Shak. 
DIS-PdRTdNG, pp?*. Playing; wantoning. 
DIS-PdS^A-BLE, a. Subject to disposal ; not previously 
engaged or employed ; iVee to be used or employed. 
DISPdS'AL, 77. 1. The act of disposing; a setting or ar- 
ranging. 2. Regulation, order or arrangement of things, 
in the moral government of God ; dispensation. 3. Pow- 
er of ordering, arranging or distributing ; government , 
management. 4. Power or right of bestowing. 5. The 
passing into a new state or into new liands. 

DIS-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. disposer.] 1. To set ; to place or dis- 
tribute ; to arrange. 2. To regulate ; to adjust ; to set in 
right order. 3. To apply to a particular purpose ; to give ; 
to place ; to bestow. 4. To set, place or turn to a i»urtic- 
ular end or consequence. 5. To adapt; to form for any 
purpose. 6. To set the mind in a particular frame ; to 
incline. 

To dispose of . — 1. To part with ; to alienate. 2. To part 
with to another; to put into another’s hand or power ; to 
bestow. 3. To give away or transfer by authority. 4. 
To direct the course of a thing. 5. To place in any con- 
dition. 6. To direct what to do or what course to pursue. 
7. To use or employ. 8. To put away, 
f DIB-PoSE', V. i. To bargain ; to make terms. Shak. 
i DlS-PoBE', 77. 1. Disposal; power of disposing ; manage- 
ment. 2. Dispensation; act of government. 3. Disposi- 
tion ; cast of behavior. 4. Disposition ; cast of mind ; 
inclination. 

DIS-PoS'ED, (dis-p5zd') pp. Set in order ; arranged ; placed ; 

adjusted ; applied ; bestowed ; inclined. 

DIS-PoS'ER, 77. L One who disposes ; a distributor ; a 
bestower ; as, a disposer of gifts. 2. A director ; a regula- 
tor. 3. That which disposes. 

DIS-PoS'ING, ppr. Setting in order ; arranging; distribut- 
ing ; bestowing; regulating; adjusting; governing. 
DIS-PoS'ING, 77. The act of arranging ; regulation ; di- 
rection. 

DIS-PO-Sl''TION, 77. [Lt. dispositio.] 1 . The act of dispos- 
ing, or state of being disposed 2. Manner in which 
things or the parts of a complex body are placed or ar- 
ranged ; order ; method ; distribution ; arrangement. 3. 
Natural fitness or tendency. 4. Temper or natural con- 
stitution of the mind. 5. Inclination ; propensity ; tlie 
temper or frame of mind, os directed to particular objects. 
6. Disposal ; alienation; distribution; a giving away or 
giving over to another. 

t DIS-POS'I-TTVE, o. That implies disposal. Ayliffe. 
f DIS-POS'I-TiVE-LY, adv. In a dispositive manner ; dis- 
tributively. Brown. 

I DIS-POSM-TOR. 77. A disposer. — In astrology^ the planet 
which is lord or the sign where anotlier planet is. 
DIS-PO.S-SESS', V. t. [dis and /7<7S5css. ] To put out of pos- 
session, by any means ; to deprive of the actual occu- 
pancy of a thing, particularly of land or real estate ; to 
disseize. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UiNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


DIS 


DIS 262 


DIS-POS-SESS'ED, (dis-poz-zest^) lyp. Deprived of posses- 
sion or occupancy. 

DIS-POS-SEisS'lNG, ppr. Depriving of possession 5 disseiz- 
ing. 

DIS-POS-SES'SION, n. The act of putting out of posses- 
sion. _Hall. 

{• DIS-Poi^/URE, (dis-po'zhur) n. 1. Disposal ; the power of 
disposing; management; direction. Sandys. 2. State ; 
posture ; disposition. 

DIS-PIIaI.'SE', (dis-praze') v. [dis and praise.] 1. Blame; 
censure. 2. Reproach ; dishonor. 

DIS-PRaISE', V. t. To blame ; to censure ; to mention with 
disapprobation, or some degree of reproach. 

DIS-PRaIS^ED, (dis-prazd') pp. Blamed; censured. 

DIS -PR A IS'ER, n. One who blames or dispraises. 

t DIS-PRaIS'1-B.LE, a. Unworthy of commendation. Diet. 

DIS-PRAiS'ING, ppr. Blaming; censuring. 

DIS-PRaIS'ING-LY, adv. By way of dispraise ; with blame 
or some degree of reproach. 

DIS-PREAD', (dis-pred') v. t. To spread in different ways ; 
to extend or flow in diflerent directions. Pope. 

DIS-PREAD', V. i. To expand or be extended. 

DIS-PREAD'ER, n. A publisher ; a divulger. 

f DIS-PRIV'I-LEGE, V. t. To deprive of a privilege. 

DIS-PRiZE', V. t. To undervalue. Cotton. 

DIS-PRO-FESS', V. i. To renounce the profession of. 

DIS-PROF'IT, 7 i. Loss; detriment; damage. 

DIS-PROOF', n. Confutation ; refutation ; a proving to be 
false or erroneous. 

t DIS- PROP' ER-TY, v. t. To deprive of property ; to dis- 
possess. Skak. 

DiS-PRO-PoR'TION, TC. 1. Want of proportion of one thing 
to another, or between the parts of a thing ; want of sym- 
metry. 2. Want of proper quantity, according to rules 
prescribed. 3. Want of suitableness or adequacy ; dis- 
parity ; inequality ; unsuitableness. 

DIS-PRO-PoR'TlON, V. t. To make unsuitable in form, 
size, length or quantity ; to violate symmetry in ; to mis- 
match : to join unfitly. 

DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLE, a. Disproportional ; not in 
proportion ; unsuitable in form, size or quantity to some- 
tliing else ; inadequate. 

DlS-PRO-PoR'TlON-A-BLE-NEFS, n. Want of proportion 
or symmetry ; unsuitableness to something else. 

DLS-PRO-P5R'TION-A-BLY, ado. With want of propor- 
tiori or symmetry ; unsuitably to something else. 

DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-AL, a. Not having due proportion to 
something else ; not having proportion or symmetry of 
parts ; unsuitable in form or quantity ; unequal ; inade- 
quate. [This is the v/ord whicli ought to be used for dis- 
proportionable.] 

DIS-PRO-PoR-TION-AL'I-TY, n. The state of being dis- 
proportional. 

DIS-PRO-PoR'TION-AL-LY, adv. Unsuitably with respect 
to form, quantity or value ; inadequately ; unequally. 

DIS-PRO-PoR'TlON-ATE, a. Not proportioned ; unsym- 
melrical ; unsuitable to something else, in bulk, form or 
value ; inadequate. 

DlS-PRO-PoR'TION-ATE-LY, adv. In a disproportionate 
degree ; unsuitably ; inadequately. 

DlS-PRO-PoR'TION-ATE-NESS, n. Unsuitableness in 
form, bulk or value ; inadequacy. 

DIS-PRo'PRI-ATE, V. t. To destroy appropriation ; to with- 
draw from an appropriate use. 

DIS-PRoV"'A-BLE, a. Capable of being disproved or re- 
futed. Boyle. 

DIS-PRoVli', v. t. andprot?e.] 1. To prove to be false 
or erroneous ; to confute. 2. To convict of the practice 
of error ; Hooker. 3. To disallow or disapprove ; 

[oi5.] Hooker. 

DIS-PRoV'ED, (dis-proovd') pp. Proved to be false or erro- 
neous ; refuted. 

DlS-PRoV'ER, 71. One that disproves or confutes. 

DIS-PRoV'ING, ppr. Proving to be false or erroneous ; con- 
futing; refuting. 

DIS-PUNGE', V. t. To expunge; to erase; also, to dis- 
charge as from a spunge. [Little used.] Shak. 

DIS-PUN'TSH-A-BLE, a. [dis and punishable.] Without 
penal restraint ; not punishable. Swift. 

f DIS-PURSE', for disburse. Shak. 

t DIS-PUR-VEY', 7 ;. t. To unprovide. 

t DIS-PUR-VEY'ANCE, 77 . Want of provisions. Spenser. 

* DIS'PU-TA-BLE, a. That may be disputed ; liable to be 
called in question, controverted or contested ; controvert- 
ible ; of doubtful certainty. 

t DIS-PU-TAC'I-TY, 77 . Proneness to dispute. 

DIS'PU-TANT, 77. One who disputes ; one who argues in 
opposition to another ; a controvertist ; a reasoner in op- 
position. 

DIS'PU-TANT, a. Disputing; engaged in controversy. 

DIS-PU-Ta'TION, 77. [L. disputatio.] 1 . The act of dis- 
puting ; a reasoning or argumentation in opposition to 
something, or on opposite sides ; controversy in words ; 
verbal contest, respecting the truth of some fact, opinion. 


proposition or argument. 2. An exercise in colleges, in 
which parties reason in opposition to each other, on some 
question proposed. 

DIS-IU-Ta'TIOUS, a. Inclined to dispute; apt to cavil or 
controvert. 

DIS-Pu'TA-TIVE, a. Disposed to dispute ; inclined to 
cavil or to reason in opposition. Watts. 

DIS-POTE', 77. i. [L,.di.sputo.] 1. To contend in argument ; 
to reason or argue in opposition ; to debate ; to altercate. 

2. To strive or contend in opposition to a competitor. 

DIS-PuTE', v.t. 1. To attempt to disprove by arguments 

or statements ; to attempt to prove to be false, unfounded 
or erroneous ; to controvert ; to attempt to overthrow hy 
reasoning. 2. To strive or contend for, either by wor^ 
or actions. 3. To call in question the propriety of; to 
oppose by reasoning. 4. To strive to maintain. 

DIS-PuTE', 77 . 1. ttrife or contest in words or by argu- 
ments ; an attempt to prove and maintain one’s own opin- 
ions or claims, by arguments or statements, in opposition 
to the opinions, arguments or claims of another ; contro- 
versy in words. — Dispute is usually applied to verbal 
contest ; controversy may be in words or writing. 2. The 
possibility of being controverted. 

DIS-PuT'ED, pp. Contested ; opposed by words or argu- 
ments ; litigated. 

DIS-PuTE'LESS, a. Admitting no dispute ; incontrovert- 
ible._ 

DIS-PuT'ER, 71. One who disputes, or who is given to dis- 
putes ; a controvertist. 

DIS-PuT'ING, ppr. Contending by words or arguments ; 
controverting. 

DIS-PuT'ING, 77 . The act of contending by words or argu- 
ments ; controversy ; altercation. 

DIS-Q.UAL-1-FI-Ca'TION, 77. 1. The act of disqualifying ; 
or that which disqualifies ; that which renders unfit, un- 
suitable or inadequate. 2. The act of depriving of legal 
power or capacity ; that which renders incapable ; tliat 
which incapacitates in law ; disability. 3. Want of qual- 
ification. It is used in this sense, though improperly. 

DIS-Q,UAL'I-FlED, pp. Deprived of qualifications ; render- 
ed unfit. 

DIS-dUAL'I-FY, v.t. 1. To make unfit; to deprive of 
natural power, or the qualities or properties necessary for 
any purpose. 2. To deprive of legal capacity, power or 
right ; to disable. 

DIS-Q,tJAL'I-FY-ING, ppr. Rendering unfit ; disabling. 

t DIS-Q,UAN'TI-TY, v. t. To diminish. Shak. 

DIS-dUI'ET, a. [tZ 75 and Unquiet; restless; un- 

easy. [Seldom used.] Shak. 

DIS-dUl'ET, 77 . Want of quiet ; uneasiness ; restlessness ; 
want of tranquillity in body or mind ; disturbance 3 anxi- 
ety. Swift. 

DIS-Q,UT'ET, V. t. To disturb ; to deprive of peace, rest or 
tranquillity ; to make uneasy or restless ; to harass the 
body ;_to fret or vex the mind. 

DIS-Q,Ui'ET-ED, pp. Made uneasy or restless ; disturbed; 
harassed. 

DIS-dUI'ET-ER, 77 . One who disquiets ; he or that which 
makes uneasy. 

DIS-Q,UT'ET-F1JL, a. Producing inquietude. Barrow. 

DIS-ClUi'ET-ING, pj7r. 1. Disturbing ; making uneasy ; de- 
priving of rest or peace. 2. a. Tending to disturb the 
mind. 

DIS-dUi'ET-LY, adv. Without quiet or rest ; in an un- 
easy state; uneasily ; anxiously. [Unusual.] 

DIS-dUI'ET-NESS, n. Uneasiness ; restlessness ; disturb- 
ance of peace in body or mind. Hooker. 

t DIS-dUl'ET-OUS, a. Causing uneasiness. J[filton. 

DIS-dUl'E-TUDE, 77 . W.ant of peace or tranquillity ; un- 
easiness ; disturbance ; agitation ; anxiety. 

DIS-Q,UI-Sl"TION, 77 . [L. disquisitio.] A formal or sys- 
tematic inquiry into any subject, by arguments, or dis- 
cussion of the facts and circumstances that may elucidate 
truth. Woodicard. 

t DIS-RANK', V. t. 1. To degrade from rank. 2. To throw 
out of rank or into confusion. 

DIS-RE-GARD', n. Neglect ; omission of notice ; slight ; 
implying indifference or some degree of contempt. 

DIS-RE-GARD', v. t. To omit to take notice of ; to neglect 
to observe ; to slight as unworthy of regard or Jiotice. 

DIS-RE-GARD'ED, pp. Neglected ; slighted ; unnoticed. 

DIS-RE-GARD'FUL, a. Neglectful; negligent; heedless. 

DIS-RE-GARD'FUL-LY, adv. Negligently; heedlessly. 

DIS-REL'ISH, 77 . 1. Distaste; dislike of the palate ; some 
degree of disgust. 2. Bad taste ; nauseousness. 3. Dis- 
taste or dislike, in a figurative sense. 

DIS-REL'ISII, V. t. 1. To dislike the taste of. 2. To make 
nauseous or disgusting ; to infect with a bad taste. Milton. 

3. To dislike ; to feel some disgust at. 

DIS-REL'ISHED, pp. Not relished ; dislikeff; made nau- 
seous. 

DIS-REL'ISH-ING, ppr. Disliking the taste of 3 experien- 
cing disgust at ; rendering nauseous. 

DIS-RE-MEM'BER, 77 . t. To forget. [Unauthorized.] 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, It, long. — FAR, FALL, WH^T PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3 — f Obsolete, 


DIS 


263 


DIS 


DIS-REP'U-TA-BLE, a. 1. Not reputable ; not in esteem ; 
not honorable ; low; mean. 2. Dishonorable ; disgracing 
the reputation ; tending to impair the good name, and 
bring into disesteem. 

DIS-ilEP-U-TA'TION, n. Loss or want of reputation or 
good name ; disrepute j disesteem ; dislionor j disgrace j 
discredit. 

DIS-llE-PuTE', n. Loss or want of reputation ; disesteem ; 
discredit ; dishonor. 

DIS-KE-SPEET', n. 1. Want of respect or reverence ; dis- 
esteem. 2. jSs an act, incivility ; irreverence ; rudeness. 

DIS-RE-SPE€T'FUL, a. 1. Wanting in respect ; irrever- 
ent. 2. Manifesting disesteem or want of respect j ain- 
civil. 

DIS-KE-SPE€T'FUL-LY, adv. In a disrespectful manner j 
irreverently ; uncivilly. 

DIS-RoBE', V. t. 1. To divest of a robe; to divest of gar- 
ments ; to undress. 2. To strip of covering ; to divest of 
any surrounding appendage. 

DIS-RoB^ED, (dis-robd') Divested of clothing ; stripped 
of covering. 

DIS-RoB'ER, n. One that strips of robes or clothing. 

DIS-RoB'lNG, ppr. Divesting of garments ; stripping of any 
kind of covering. 

DIS-ROOT', V. t. 1. To tear up the roots, or by the roots. 
2. To tear from a foundation ; to loosen or ^undermine. 
Ooldsmith. 

DIS-ROOT'ED, pp. Torn up by the roots ; undermined. 

DIS-ROOT'ING, ppr. Tearing up by the roots ; undermin- 
ing. 

DIS-RUPT', a. [L. disruptus.'^ Rent from; torn asunder; 
severed by rending or breaking. 

DIS-RUP'TION, n. [L. disrnptio.] 1. The act of rending 
asunder ; the act of bursting and separating. 2. Breach ; 
rent ; dilaceration. 

DIS-RUPT'URE, V. t. To rend ; to sever by tearing, break- 
ing or bursting. 

DIS-lUJPT'fJRED, pp. Rent asunder ; severed by breaking. 

DIS-RUPT'UR-ING, ppr. Rending asunder ; severing. 

DIS SAT-[S-FA€'T10N, n. The state of being dissatisfied ; 
discontent; uneasiness proceeding from the want of grat- 
ification, or from disappointed wishes. 

DIS-SAT-lS-FA€'TO-RI-NESS, n. Inability to satisfy or 
give content ; a failing to give content. 

DIS-SAT-1S-FA€'T0-RY, a. Unable to give content ; giving 
discontent ; displeasing. 

DIS-SAT'IS-FIED, pp. 1. Made discontented ; displeased. 
2. a. Discontented ; not satisfied ; not pleased ; offended. 
Locke. 

DI6-SAT'IS-FY, v. t. To render discontented ; to dis- 
please ; to excite uneasiness by frustrating wishes or ex- 
pectations. 

DIS-SAT'-1S-FY-ING, ppr. Exciting uneasiness or discon- 
tent._ 

DIS-SeAT', V. t. To remove from a seat. Shak. 

DIS-SEGT', V. t. [L. disseco, dissecttis.] 1. To cut in pieces ; 
to divide an animal body, with a cutting instrument, by 
sepaniting the joints. 2. To cut in pieces, as an animal 
or vegetable, for the purpose of examining the structure 
and use of its several parts ; to anatomize. 3. To divide 
into its constituent parts, for the purpose of examination. 
Pope. 

DIS-SEGT'ED, pp. Cut in pieces ; separated by parting the 
joints ; divided into its constituent parts ; opened and ex- 
amined. 

DIS-SEGTT-BLE, a. That may be dissected. Paley. 

DIS-SEGT'ING, ppr. Cutting in pieces ; dividing the 
parts ; separating constituent parts for minute examina- 
tion. 

DIS-SEC'TION, 7?. [L. di?sect 2 o.] 1. The act of cutting in 
pieces an animal or vegetable, for the purpose of examin- 
ing the structure and uses of its parts ; anatomy. 2. The 
act of separating into constituent parts, for the purpose of 
critical examination. 

D1S-SECT*(.)R, V. One who dissects ; an anatomist. 

D1S-Se1ZE', V. t. [di.7 and seize ; Fr. dessaisir.^ In laic, to 
dispossess wrongfully ; to deprive of actual seizin or pos- 
session ; followed by of. 

DIS-J^pffZ'ED, (dis-seezd') pp. Put out of possession wrong- 
fully or by force ; deprived of actual possession. 

DIS-SEl-ZEE', 7f. A person put out of possession of an 
esta^ unlawfully. 

DIS-SeIZ'IN, n. The act of disseizing ; an unlawful dispos- 
sessing of a person of his lands, tenements or incorporeal 
hereditaments; a deprivation of actual seizin. 

DIS-SeIZ'ING, ppr. Depriving of actual seizin or posses- 
sion_; putting out of possession. 

DIS-SeIZ'OR, n. One who puts another out of possession 
wrongfully ; he that dispossesses another. 

DIS-»^EM'BLANCE, V. Want of resemblance. 

DIvS-SEM'BLE, V. t. [L. diisimulo.] 1. To hide under a 
false appearance ; to conceal ; to disguise; to pretend that 
not to be which really is. 2. To pretend that to be which 
is not ; to make a false appearance of. 


DIS-SEM'BLE, v. i. To be hypocritical ; to assume a false 
appearance ; to conceal the real fact, motives, intention 
or sentiments under some pretense. 

DIS-SEM'BLED, pp. Concealed under a false appearance ; 
disguised. 

DIS-iS^EM'BLER, n. One who dissembles ; a hypocrite ; one 
who conceals his opinions or dispositions under a false 
appearance. 

Dlt?-{SEM'BLING, ppr. Hiding under a false appearance ; 
acting the hypocrite. 

DIS-SEM'BLLNG-LY, adv. With dissimulation ; hypocriti- 
cally ; falsely. Knolles. 

DIS-SEM'1-NATE, v. t. [L. dissemino.'] 1. Literally, to 
sow ; to scatter seed ; hut seldom or never usedinits literal 
sense. 2. To scatter for growtii and propagation, like 
seed ; to spread. 3. To spread ; to diffuse. 4. To spread ; 
to disperse. 

DIS-SEMT-NA-TED, pp. 1. Scattered, as seed; propaga- 
ted ; spread. — 2. In wineralogy, occurring in portions 
less than a hazel-nut; being scattered. 

DIS-SEM'l-NA-TING, ppr. Scattering and propagating; 
spreading. 

DIS-SEM-1-Na'TION, n. The act of scattering and propa- 
gating, like seed ; the act of spreading for growth and per- 
manence. 

DIS-SEM-I-Na^TOR, 77. One who disseminates ; one who 
spreads and propagates. 

DIS-SEN'SION, 77. [L. dissensio.] Disagreement in opinion, 
usually a disagreement which is violent, producing warm 
debates or angry words ; contention in words ; strife ; 
discord ; quarrel ; breach of friendship and union. 

DIS-SEN'SIOUS, a. Disposed to discord ; quarrelsome ; con- 
tentious ; factious. [Little used.'\ Shak. 

DIS-SEi\T', V. i. [L. dissensio.] 1. To disagree in opinion ; 
to differ ; to think in a different or contrary manner. 2. 
To differ from an established church, in regard to doc- 
trines, rites or government. 3. To differ ; to be of a con- 
trary nature. Hooker. 

DIS-SENT', 77. 1. Difference of opinion ; disagreement. 
2. Declaration of disagreement in opinion. 3. Contrarie- 
ty of nature ; opposite quality ; [o6s.] Bacon. 

DLS-SENT-a'NE-OUS, a. Disagreeable ; contrary. 

f DIS'SENT-A-NY, a. Dissentaneous ; inconsistent. 

DIS-SENT'ER, 77. 1. One who dissents; one who differs 
in opinion, or one who declares his disagreement. 2. One 
who separates from the service and worship of any estab- 
lished church. The word is m England particularly ap- 
plied to those who separate from, or who do not unite 
with, the church of England. 

DIS-SEN'TIENT, a. Disagreeing; declaring dissent. 

DIS-SEN'TIENT, n. One who disagrees, and declares his 
dissent. 

DIS-SENTTNG, ppr. Disagreeing in opinion ; separating 
from the communion of an established church. It is used 
as an adjective. 

DIS-SEN'TIOUS, a. Disposed to disagreement or discord. 

DIS-SEPT-MENT, n. [L. dissepimentum .] In botany, a 
partition in dry seed-vessels, as in capsules and pods, 
which separates the fruit into cells. 

DI^-SERT', V. i. [L. dissero, diserto.] To discourse or dis- 
pute. [Little in 775c.] 

DIS-SER-Ta'TION, 77. [L. dissertatio.] 1. A discourse, or 
rather a formal discourse, intended to illustrate a subject. 
2. A written essay, treatise or disquisition. 

DIS'SER-'l’A-TOR, n. One who writes a dissertation; one 
who debates. Boyle. 

DIS-SERVE^, V. t. [dts and serve.] To injure; to hurt; to 
harm ; to do injury or mischief to. 

DIS-SERV'ED, (dis-servd') pp. Injured. 

DIS-SERV'ICE, 77. Injury ; harm ; mischief. 

DIS-SERV'ICE-A-BLE, a. Injurious ; hurtful. 

DIS-SERV'ICE-A-BI.E-NESS, n. The quality of being iiv- 
jurious ; tendency to harm. JVorris. 

DlS-SERV'iCE-A-BLY, adv. So as to be injurious. Hack-- 
ett. 

t DfS-SET'TLE, v. t. To unsettle. More. 

DIS-SEV'ER, V. t. To dispart ; to part in two ; to divide 
asunder; to separate ; to disunite, either by violence or 
not. 

DIS-SEV'ER-ANCE, n. The act of dissevering ; separation. 

DIS-SEV'ERED, pp. Disparted ; disjoined ; separated. 

DIS-SEV'ER-ING, ppr. Dividing asunder ; separating ; tear- 
ing or cutting asunder. 

DIS-SEV'ER-ING, n. The act of separating ; separation. 

DlS'Sr-DENCE, 77. Discord. 

DIS'ST-DENT, a. [L. dissideo.] Not agreeing. 

DIS'SI-DENT, 77. A dissenter ; one who separates from the 
established religion. 

DIS-STL'I-ENCE, n. [L. dissilio.] The act of leaping or 
starting asunder. 

DIS-SIL'I-ENT, a. Starting asunder ; bursting and opening 
with an elastic force, as the dry pod or capsule of a plant. 

DIS-SI-LI'''ITON, 77. The act of bursting open ; the act of 
starting or springing different ways. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNIT]?.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 


DIS 


264 


DIS 


DIS-SIM I-LAR, a. Unlike, either in nature, propertied or 
external form ; not similar j not having the resemblance 
of ; heterogeneous. 

DIS-SIM-I-LAR'I-TY, n. Unlikeness 5 want of resem- 
blance ; dissimilitude. 

DIS-SlM't-LE, n. Comparison or illustration by contraries. 
\_Little Msed.] 

DIS-SI-MIL'l-TUDE, n. [L. dissimilitudo.] Unlikeness ; 
want of resemblance. 

DIS-SIM-U-La'T 10 N, n. [L. dissiniulatio.] The act of dis- 
sembling ; a hiding under a false appearance j a feigning 5 
false pretension ; hypocrisy. 

tUIS-SlM'ELE, t. To dissemble. Elyot. 

DiS'Si-PA-BLE, a. Liable to be dissipated 3 that may be 
scattered or dispersed. Bacon. 

DIS'Si-PATE, V. £. [L. 1 . To scatter; to dis- 

perse 3 to drive asunder. 2 . To expend 3 to squander 3 
to scatter property in wasteful extravagance 3 to waste; 
to consume. 3 . To scatter the attention. 

DIfe'SI-PATE, V. i. To scatter; to disperse 3 to separate in- 
to parts and disappear 3 to waste away 3 to vanish. 

DlS'rfi-PA-TED, pp. 1. Scattered 3 dispersed ; wasted 3 
consumed 3 squandered. 2 . a. Loose 3 irregular ; given 
to extravagance in the expenditure of property 3 devoted 
to pleasure and vice. 

DIS'SI-PA-TING, p]}r. Scattering 3 dispersing 3 wasting 3 
consuinmg 3 squandering; vanishing. 

DIS-Sl-Px\'TIOiV, n. 1 . The act of scattering 3 dispersion 3 
the state of being dispersed. — 2. In physics, the insensible 
loss or waste of the minute parts of a body, which fly oft’, 
by which means the body is diminished or consumed. 3 . 
Scattered attention, or that which diverts and calls off the 
inhid from any subject. 4 . A dissolute, irregular course 
of life 3 a wandering from object to object in pursuit of 
pleasure. 

f DIS-SO-CI-A-BILT-TY, n. Want of sociability. 

DIS-So'Cl A-BLE, a. 1 . Not well associated, united or as- 
sorted. 2 . Incongruous 3 not reconcilable with. Spec- 
tator. 

DIS-So'CIAL, a. [(Zis and 5ociaZ.] Unfriendly to society; 
contracted ; selfish. Karnes. 

DIS-So'-CI ATE, V. t. [L. dissociatus.] To separate 3 to dis- 
unite 3 to part. Boyle. 

DFS-So'CIA-TED, pp. Separated 3 disunited. 

DIS-So'CIA-TING, ppr. Separating 3 disuniting. 

DIS-SO-CI-a'TION, n. The act of disuniting 3 a state of 
separation 3 disunion. Burke. 

DIS-SOL-U-BIL'I-TY, n. Capacity of being dissolved by 
heat or moisture, and converted into a fluid. 

DIS'SO-LU-BLE, a. [L. dissolubilis.] 1. Capable of being 
dissolved 3 that may be melted 3 having its parts sepam- 
ble by heat or moisture 3 convertible into a fluid. Wood- 
ward. 2 . That may be disunited. 

DIS'SO-LUTE, a. [L. dissolutus .'] 1 . Loose in behavior 

and morals 3 given to vice and dissipation 3 wanton 3 
lewd 3 luxurious 3 debauched 3 not under the restraints of 
law. 2 . Vicious 3 wanton 3 devoted to pleasure and dis- 
sipation. 

DIS'SO-LUTE-LY, adv. Loosely 3 wantonly 3 in dissipa- 
tion or debauchery ; without restraint. 

DIS'SO-LUTE-NESS, n. Looseness of manners and mor- 
als 3 vicious indulgences in pleasure, as in intemperance 
and debaucliery 3 dissipation. 

DIS-SO-Lu'TlON, n. [L. dissohitio.'] 1 . The act of lique- 
fying or changing from a solid to a fluid state by heat 3 a 
melting 3 a thawing. 2 . The reduction of a body into its 
smallest parts, or into very minute parts, by a dissolvent 
or menstruum. 3 . The separation of the parts of a body 
by putrefaction, or the analysis of the natural structure of 
mixed bodies, as of animal or vegetable substances 3 de- 
composition. 4 . The substance formed by dissolving a 
body in a menstruum. Bacon. 5 . Death 3 the separation 
of tlie soul and body. Jl/i/ton. G. Destruction; the sepa- 
ration of tlie parts wliich compose a connected system or 
body. 7 . The breaking up of an assembly, or the putting 
an end to its existence. 8. Looseness of manners 3 dissi- 
pation. — 9 . Dissolution o f the blood, in m edicine, that state 
of the blood in which it does not readily coagulate, on its 
cooling, out of the body, as in malignant fevers. 

DI 15 -SOLV' A-BLE, a. That may be dissolved 3 capable of 
being melted ; that may be converted into a fluid. 

DI 5 -SOLVE', (diz-zolv') v. t. [L. disseZvo.] 1 . To melt; 
to liquefy 3 to convert from a solid or fixed state to a fluid 
state by means of heat or moisture. 2. To disunite 3 to 
break 3 to separate. 3 . To loose 3 to disunite. 4. To 
loose the ties or bonds of any thing 3 to destroy any con- 
nected system. 5 . To loose 3 to break. 6. To break up 3 
to cause to separate 3 to put an end to. 7 . To clear 3 to 
solve 3 to remove 3 to dissipate, or to explain. 8. To 
break 3 to destroy. 9 . To loosen or relax 3 to make lan- 
guid. 10 . To waste away 3 to consume 3 to cause to van- 
ish or perish. 11 . To annul 3 to rescind. 

DIS-SOLVE', V. i. 1 . To be melted 3 to be converted from 
a solid to a fluid state. 2 . To sink away 3 to lose strength 


and firmness. 3 . To melt away in pleasure 3 to become 
soft or languid. 4 . To fall asunder; to crumble 3 to be 
broken. 5 . To waste away 3 to perish ; to be decom- 
posed. 6. To come to an end by a separation of parts. 

DIS-SOLV'ED, (diz-zolv'd') pp. Melted 3 liquefied ; disu- 
nited 3 parted 3 loosed 3 relaxed 3 wasted away 3 ended. — 
Dissolved blood is that which does not readily coagulate. 

DIS-SOLV'ENT, a. Having power to melt or dissolve. 

DIS-SOLV'ENT, n. 1 . Any thing which has the power or 
quality of melting, or converting a solid substance into 
a fluid, or of separating the parts of a fixed body so that 
they mix with a liquid. — 2. In medicine, a remedy suppos- 
ed capable of dissolving concretions in the body, such as 
calculi, tubercles, &c. 

DIS-SOLV'ER, n. That which dissolves, or has the power 
of dissolving. 

DIS-SOLV'I-BLE, a. Liable to perish by dissolution. 

DIS-SOLV'ING, ppr. Melting 3 making or becoming li- 
quid. 

DIS'SO-NANCE, n. [Fr. dissonance.^ 1 . Discord 3 a mix- 
ture or union of harsh, unharmonious sounds, which are 
grating or unpleasing to the ear. 2 . Disagreement. 

DIS'SO-xYANT, a. 1 . Discordant 3 harsh 3 jarring 3 unhar- 
monious 3 unpleasant to the ear. 2 . Disagreeing 3 incon- 
gruous. 

DIS-SUaDE', (dis-swade') v. t. [L. dissuadeo.] 1 . Toad- 
vise or e^Aort against ; to attempt to draw or divert from 
a measure, by reason or offering motives to. 2 . To repre- 
sent as unfit, improper or dangerous. 

DIS-SUaD'ED, pp. Advised against 3 counseled or induced 
by advice not to do something 3 diverted from a purpose. 

DIS-SUaD'ER, 71 . He that dissuades 3 a dehorter. 

DIS-SUaD'ING, ppr. Exhorting against; attempting, by 
advice, to divert from a purpose. 

DIS-SUa'SION, (dis-swa'zhun) n. Advice or exhortation 
in opposition to something 3 dehortation. 

DIS-SUa'SIVE, a. Tending to dissuade, or divert from a 
measure or purpose 3 dehortatory. 

DIS-SUa'SIVE, n. Reason, argument or counsel, employ- 
ed to deter one from a measure or purpose 3 that which is 
used or which tends to divert the mind from any purpose 
or pursuit. 

DIS-SUN'DER, V. t. To separate 3 to rend. Chapman. 

t DIS-SWEET'EN, 7 j. t. To deprive of sweetness. 

DIS-SYL-LAB'I€, a. Consisting of two syllables only. 

*DIS-SYL'L A-BLE, 71 . [Gr. A w'ord con- 

sisting of two syllables only. 

DIS'TAFF, 77. [Sax. I. The staff of a spinning- 

wheel, to which a bunch of flax is tied, and from which 
the thread is drawn. — 2 . Figuratively, a woman, or the 
female sex. Dryden. 

DIS'TAFF-THIS'TLE, n. A species of thistle. 

DIS-TaIN', t;. f. [Fr. deteindre.] 1 . To stain 3 to tinge with 
any different color from the natural or proper one 3 to dis- 
color. 2 . To blot 3 to sully 3 to defile 3 to tarnish. 

DIS-TaIN'ED, (dis-tand') pp. Stained 3 tinged 3 discolored 3 
blotted 3 sullied. 

DIS-TaIN'ING, ppr. Staining ; discoloring 3 blotting 3 tar- 
nishing. 

DIS'TANCE, n. [Fr. distance.] 1 . An interval or space 
between two objects. 2 . Preceded by at, remoteness of 
place. 3 . Preceded by thy, his, your, her, their, a suita- 
ble space, or such remoteness as is common or becoming; 
as, let him keep his distance. 4 . A space marked on the 
course w'here horses run. 5 . Space of time 3 any indefi- 
nite length of time, past or future, intervening betw'een 
two periods or events. 6. Ideal space or separation. 7 . 
Contrariety 3 opposition. 8. The remoteness which re- 
siiect requires 3 hence, respect. 9 . Reserve 3 coldness 3 
alienation of heart. 10 . Remoteness in succession or re- 
lation. — 11 . In music, the interval between two notes. 

DIS'TANCE, V. t. 1 . To place remote ; to throw off from 
the view. 2 . To leave behind in a race ; to win the race 
by a great superiority. 3 . To leave at a great distance 
behind. 

DIS'TANCED, pp. Left far behind 3 cast out of the race. 

DIS'TANT, a. [L. distans.] 1 . Separate 3 having an in- 
tervening space of any indefinite extent. 2 . Remote in 
place. 3 . Remote in time, past or future. 4 . Remote in 
the line of succession or descent, indefinitely. 5 . Re- 
mote in natural connection or consanguinity. G. Remote 
in nature 3 not allied 3 not agreeing with or in conform’*^ 
to. 7 . Remote in view 3 slight ; faint 3 not very lil .y 
to be realized. 8. Remote in connection ; slight 3 faint ; 
indirect; not easily seen or understood. 9 . Reserved 3 
shy 3 implying haughtiness, coldness of affection, indif- 
ference, or disrespect. 

DIS'TANT-LY, adv. Remotely 3 at a distance 3 with re- 
serve. 

DIS-TaSTE', 71 . 1 . Aversion o^ taste 3 dislike of food 
or drink 3 disrelish 3 disgust, or a slight degree of it. 2. 
Dislike 3 uneasiness. 3 . Dislike 3 displeasure 3 aliena- 
tion of affection. 

DIS-TaSTE'. V. t. 1 . To disrelish 3 to dislike 3 to lothe. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0 , V, Y, long.—Fk^, FALL, WHAJ 3— PR£Y j— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3— f Obsolete. 


DIS 


DIS 265 


2. To offend ; to disgust ; [Z. «.] 3. To vex j to displease ; 
to sour ; [Z. w.] 

DIS-TaST'ED, pp. Disrelished ; disliked ; offended. 
DlS-TAisTE'FUL, a. 1. Nauseous; unpleasant or disgust- 
ing to the taste. 2. Offensive ; displeasing. 3. Malevo- 
lent. 

DIS-TaSTE'FTJL-NESS, n. Disagreeableness ; dislike. 
DIS-TaST ING, ppr. Disrelishing ; disliking ; offending ; 
displeasing. 

DIS-TaST'IVE, 7J. That which gives disrelish or aversion. 

fVhitlock. » 

DIS-TEM'PER, n. 1. Literally^ an undue or unnatural 
temper, or disproportionate mixture of parts. 2. Disease ; 
malady ; indisposition ; any morbid state of an animal 
body, or of any part of it. 3. Want of due temperature, 
applied to climate ; [«ot j/sccZ.] Raleigh. 4. Bad constitu- 
tion of the mind ; undue predominance of a passion or 
appetite. 5. Want of due balance of parts or opposite 
qualities and principles ; [not used.'\ Bacon. 6. Ill-hu- 
mor of mind; depravity of inclination; [not used.] 7. 
Political disorder ; tumult. Waller. 8. Uneasiness ; ill- 
humor or bad temper. — 9. In painting, the mixing of col- 
ors with something besides oil and water. 
DIS-TEM'PER, V. t. 1. To disease; to disorder; to de- 
range the functions of the body or mind. 2. To disturb ; 
to ruffe. 3. To deprive of temper or moderation. 4. To 
make disaffected, ill-humored or malignant. Shak. 
DIS-TEM'PER-ANCE, n. Distemperature. 
DIS-TEM'PER-ATE, a. Immoderate. [Little ttsed.] 
DIS-TEM'PER-A-TURE, n. 1. Bad temperature; intem- 
perateness ; excess of heat or cold, or of other qualities ; 
a noxious state. 2. Violent tumultuousness ; outrageous- 
ness. 3. Perturbation of mind. 4. Confusion ; commix- 
ture of contrarieties ; loss of regularity ; disorder. 5. 
Slight illness ; indisposition. 

DIS-TEM'PERED, pp. or a. 1. Diseased in body, or disor- 
dered in mind. 2. Disturbed ; ruffled. 3. Deprived of 
temper or moderation ; immoderate. 4. Disordered ; bi- 
ased ; prejudiced ; perverted. 5. Disaffected ; made ma- 
levolent. 

DIS-TEMTER-ING, ppr. Affecting with disease or disor- 
der ; disturbing ; depriving of moderation. 

DIS-TEND\ V. t. [li. distendo.] 1. To stretch or spread in 
all directions ; to dilate ; to enlarge ; to expand ; to swell. 
2. To spread apart ; to divaricate. 

DIS-TEND'ED, pp. Spread ; expanded ; dilated by an in- 
closed substance or force. 

DIS-TEND'ING, ppr. Stretching in all directions ; dilating; 
expanding. 

DIS-TEN-SI-BILT-TY, n. The quality or capacity of being 
distensible. 

DIS-TEN^SI-BLE, a. Capable of being distended or dilated. 
DIS-TEN'SION. See Distention. 
t DIS-TENT', a. Spread. Spaiser. 
t DIS-TENT', ?{. Breadth. Wotton. 

DIS-TEN'TION, n. [L. distentio.] 1. The act of distend- 
ing ; the act of stretching in breadth or in all directions ; 
the state of being distended. 2. Breadth ; extent or space 
occupied by the thing distended. 3. An opening, spread- 
ing or divarication. 

+ DIS-TER', r. t. [L. dis and terra.] To banish from a coun- 
try. 

I DIS-TERMT-NATE, a. [L. disterminatus.] Separated by 
bounds. Hale. 

t DIS-TERM-I-Na'TION, 71. Separation. Hammond. 
DIS'THENE, 77. [Gr. and adevo?.] A mineral, 
t DIS-TIIRoNE', V. t. To dethrone, 
t DIS-TIIRoNTZE, v. t. To dethrone. Spenser. 

DIS'TICH, 77. [h. distichon.] A couplet ; a couple of verses 
or poetic lines, making complete sense ; an epigram of 
two verses. 

DIS'TICH-OUS, I a. Having two rows, or disposed in two 
DIS/TICH, i rows. Lee. 

DIS-TILL', 77. 7. [L. distillo.] 1. To drop; to fall in drops. 
2. To flow gently, or in a small stream. 3. To use a 
still ; to practice distillation. 

DIS-TILL', 77. t. 1. To let fall in drops ; to throw down in 
drops. 2. To extract by heat ; to separate spirit or es- 
sential oils from liquor by heat or evaporation. 3. To ex- 
tract spirit from, by evaporation and condensation. 4. 
„,To extract the pure part of a fluid. 5. To dissolve or 

DjS-TILL'A-BLE, a. That may be distilled ; fit for distill- 
aticn. 

DIS-TILL-a'TION, 77. 1. The act of falling in drops, or 
the act of pouring or throwing down in drops. 2. The 
operation of extracting spirit from a substance by evapo- 
ration and condensation ; rectification. 3. The substance 
extracted by dlstilli’^g. 4. I’hat which falls in drops. 
DIS-TILL'A-TO-RY, a. Belonging to distillation ; used for 
distilling. 

DIS-TILL'ED, pp. Let fall or thrown down in drops ; sub- 
jected to the process of distillation ; extracted by evapo- 
ration. 


DIS-TILL'ER, 77 . One who distills; one whose occupy 
tion is to extract spirit by evaporation and condensation. 

DIS-TILL'E-RY, n. 1 . The act or art of distilling. 2. 
Tlie building and works wliere distilling is ctirried on. 

DIS-TILL'L\G, ppr. Dropping; letting fall in drops; ex 
tracting by distillation. 

DIS-TILL'MENT, n. That which is drawn by distillation. 

DIS-TINUT', a. [L. distinctas.] 1 . Literally, having the 
difference marked; separated by a visible sign, or by a 
note or mark. 2. Different ; separate ; not the same in 
number or kind. 3. Separate in place ; not conjunct. 4. 
So separated as not to be confounded with any other 
thing; clear; not confused. 5. Spotted; variegated. 

DIS-TINUT', ' 77 . t. To disting 7 iish. I Abt in ' 77 *-c.] Chaucer. 

DIS-TINC'TION, 77 . [L. dustinctio.] 1. The act of sepa- 
rating or distinguishing. 2. A note or mark of difference. 

3. Difference made ; a separation or disagreement in kind 
or qualities, by which one tiling is known from another. 

4. Difference regarded ; separation ; preference. 5. Sep- 
aration ; division. 6. Notation of difference ; discrimina- 
tion. 7. Eminence; superiority; elevation of rank in 
society, or elevation of character ; honorable estimation. 
8. That which confers eminence or superiority ; office, 
rank or public favor. 9. Discernment; judgment. 

DIS-TINUTM VE, a. 1. That marks distinction or differ- 
ence. 2. Having the power to distinguish and discern ; 
[less proper.] Bromn. 

DIS-TINCT'I VE-LY, adv. With distinction ; plainly. 

DIS-TIN€T'LY, adv. 1. Separately; with distinctness ; 
not confusedly ; without the blending of one part or thing 
with another. 2. Clearly ; plainly. 

DIS-TIN€T'i\ESS, n. 1. The quality or state of being dis- 
tinct ; a separation or diflereiice that prevents confusion 
of parts or things. 2. Nice discrimination ; whence, 
clearness ; piecision. 

DIS-TIN'GUISH, 77 . Z. [L. distinguo.] 1. To ascertain and 
indicate difference by some external mark. 2 . Tl’o sepa- 
rate one thing from another by seme mark or quality ; to 
know or ascertain difference. 3. To separate or divide 
by any mark or quality which constitutes diflerence. 4 . 
To discern critically ; to judge. 5. To separate from oth- 
ers by some mark of honor or preference. 6 . To make 
eminent or known. 

DIS-TIN'GUISH, 77 . 7 . To make a distinction ; to find or 
show the difference. 

DIS-TIN'GUISH-A-BLE, a. 1. Capable of being distin- 
guished ; that may be separated, known or made known. 
2. Worthy of note or special regard. 
DIS-TIN'GUISHED, 77 ;?. 1. Separated or known by a mark 
of difference, or by different qualities. 2. a. Separated 
from others by superior or extraordinary qualities ; whence, 
eminent ; extraordinary ; transcendent ; noted ; famous ; 
0^1 obr<xt ocl 

DIS-TII\'GUISH-ER, 77 . 1. He or that which distinguishes, 
or that separates one thing from another by marlts of di- 
versity. 2. One who discerns accurately the difference 
of things ; a nice or judicious observer. 

DIS-TIN'GUISH-ING, ppr. 1. Separating from others by a 
note of diversity ; ascertaining difference by a mark. 2 . 
Ascertaining, knowing or perceiving a difference. 3. a. 
Constituting diflerence, or distinction from every thing 
else ; peculiar. 

DIS-TIN'GUISH-ING-LY, adv. With distinction ; with 
some mark of preference. Pope. 

DIS-TIN'GUISH-MENT, n. Distinction ; observation of 
difference. Graunt. 

DIS-TFTLE, V. t. To deprive of right. B. Jonson. 

DIS-TORT', 77 . Z. [L. distortus.] 1. To twist out of natu- 
ral or regular shape. 2. To force or put out of the true 
posture or direction. 3. To wrest from the true mean- 
ing ; to pervert. 

DIS-TORT', a. Distorted. Spenser. 

DIS-TORT'ED, pp. Twisted out of natural or regular 
shape ; wrested ; perverted. 

DIS-TORT'ING, ppr. Twisting out of shape ; wresting ; 
perverting. 

DIS-TOR'TION, 77 . [L. distortio.] L The act of distorting 
or wresting ; a twisting out of regular shape ; a twisting 
or writhing motion. 2. The state of being twisted out of 
shape ; deviation from natural shape or position ; crook- 
edness; grimace. 3. A perversion of the true meaning 
of words. 

DIS-TRACT', V. t. [L. distractus. The old participle dis-- 
traiight is obsolete.] L Literally, to draw apart; to pull 
in different directions, and separate. Hence, to divide ; 
to separate ; to throw into confusion. 2. To turn or draw 
from any object ; to divert from any point, towards an- 
other point, or toward various other objects. 3. To draw 
towards different objects; to fill with different considera- 
tions ; to perplex ; o confound ; to harass. 4. To disor- 
der the reason ; to derange the regular operations of in- 
tellect ; to render raving or furious. 

tDIS-TRACT', a. Mad. 

DIS-TRA€T'ED, pp. 1. Drawn apart ; drawn in different 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6 VE ByLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as iu this, f Obsolete. 


DIS 


266 


DIS 


directions ; diverted from its object j perplexed ; harass- 
ed ; confounded. 2. a. Deranged ; disordered in intel- 
lect ; raving ; furious ; mad ; frantic. Locke, 

DIS-1’RAC1''ED-LY, adv. Madly ; furiously ; wildly. Shak. 

DIS-TRAET'ED-NESSj n. A state of being mad j mad- 
ness. 

DIS^TRACT'ER) n. One who distracts. More. 

DIS 7’RAGT'ING, ppr. Drawing apart; separating; di- 
verting from an object; perplexing; liarassing ; disorder- 
ing the intellect. 

DlS-TRA0''riON, n. [L. distractio.] 1. The act of dis- 
tracting ; a draAving apart ; separation. 2. Confusion 
from a multiplicity of objects crowding on the mind and 
calling the attention ditferent ways ; perturbation of 
mind ; perplexity. 3. Confusion of affairs ; tumult ; dis- 
order. 4. Madness ; a state of disordered reason ; fran- 
ticness ; furiousness. 5. Folly in tl:e extreme, or amount- 
ing to insanity. 

DIS-TRACT'IVE, a. Causing perplexity. Dryden. 

D1S-TRa1N', V. t. [L. distringo.] 1. To seize for debt ; to 
take a personal chattel from the possession of a wrong- 
doer into the possession of the injured party, to satisfy a 
demand, or compel the performance of a duty. 2. To 
rend ; to tear ; \^oba.'] 

DIS-TRaIN', V. i. To make seizure of goods. 

DIS-TRaIN'A-BLE, a. That is liable to be taken for dis- 
tress* 

DIS-TRaIN'ED, (dis-trand') pp. Seized for debt, or to com- 
pe’ the performance of duty. 

DIS-TRaIN'ING, ppr. Seizing for debt, or for neglect of 
suit and service. 

DIS-TRaIN'OR, w. He who seizes goods for debt or ser- 
vice* 

I DIS-TRaINT', 71. Seizure. Z>ict. 

f DIS-TRAUGHT'. See Distract. 

DIS-TReAM', V. i. So spread or flow over. 

DIS-TRESS , 71. [Fr. detresse.] 1. The act of distraining ; 
the taking of any personal chattel from a wrong-doer, to 
answer a demand, or procure satisfaction for a wrong 
committed. 2. The thing taken by distraining ; that 
which is seized to procure satisfaction. 3. Extreme pain; 
anguish of body or mind. 4. Affliction; calamity; mis- 
ery. 5. A state of danger. 

DIS-TRESS', V. t. 1. To pain ; to afflict with pain or an- 
guish. 2. To afflict greatly ; to harass ; to oppress with 
calamity ; to make miserable. 3. To compel by pain or 
suffering. 

DIS-TRESS'ED, (dis-trest') pp. Suffering great pain or tor- 
ture ; severely afflicted ; harassed ; oppressed with ca- 
lamity or misfortune. 

DIS-TRESS'ED-NESS, n. A state of being greatly pained. 

DIS-TRESS'FUL, a. 1. Inflicting or bringing distress. 2. 
Indicating distress ; proceeding from pain or anguish. 3. 
Calamitous. 4. Attended with poverty. 

DIS-TRESS'ING, ppr. 1. Giving severe pain ; oppressing 
with affliction. 2. a. Very afflicting ; affecting with se- 
vere pain. 

DIS-TRIB'U-TA-BLE, a. That may be distributed ; that 
may be assigned in portions. Ramsay. 

DIS-TRIB'UTE, v. t. [L. distribuo.] 1. To divide among 
two or more ; to deal ; to give or bestow in parts or por- 
tions. 2. To dispense ; to administer. 3. To divide or 
separate, as into classes, orders, kinds or species. 4. To 
give in charity. — 5. In printing, to separate types, and 
place them in their proper cells in the cases. 

DIS-TRIB'U-TED, pp. Divided among a number ; dealt 
out ; assigned in portions ; separated ; bestowed. 

DIS-TRIB'U-TER, 7i. One who divides or deals out in 
parts ; one who bestows in portions ; a dispenser. 

DIS-TRIB'U-TING, ppr. Dividing among a number ; deal- 
ing out ; dispensing. 

DIS-TRl-Bu'TlON, n. [L. distributio.] 1. The act of di- 
viding among a number ; a dealing in parts or portions. 
2. The act of giving in charity ; a bestowing in parts. 3. 
Dispensation ; administration to numbers ; a rendering to 
individuals. 4. The act of separating into distinct parts 
or classes. — 5. In architect are, the dividing and disposing 
of the several parts of the building, according to some 
plan, or to the rules of the art. — 6. In rhetoric, a division 
and enumeration of the several qualities of a subject. — 7. 
In general, the division and disposition of the parts of 
anything. — 8. In the taking a form apart; the 

separating of the types, and placing each letter in its 
proper cell in the cases. 

DIS-TRIB'U-TIVE, a. 1. That distributes; that divides 
and assigns in portions ; that deals to each his proper 
share. 2. Tnat assigns the vaaaous species of a general 
term. 3. That separates or divides. 

DIS-TRIB'U-TIVE, 7i. In grammar, a word that divides 
or distributes. 

DIS-TR1B'U-TIVE-LY, adv. By distribution ; singly; not 
collectively. 

DIS-TRlB'li-TIVE-NESS, n. Desire of distributing. Fell. 

DIS TRICT, 71. [L. districtas .'] 1. Properly, a limited ex- 


tent of country ; a circuit within which power, right or 
authority may be exercised, and to which it is restrained. 
2. A region ; a territory within given lines. 3. A region ; 
a country ; a portion of territory without very definite 
limits. 

DIS'TRIGT, V. t. To divide into districts or limited por- 
tions of territory. J^ew Evglavd. 

DIS TRI€T-€oURT, n. A court wliich has cognizance of 
certain causes within a district defined by law. 

DIS'TR1€T-JUDGE, n. The judge of a district-court. U. 
States. 

DIS'TRICT-SGIIOOL, n. A school within a certain dis- 
trict of a town. JSTeio England. 

DIS'TRI€T-ED, pp. Divided into districts or definite por- 
tions. 

DIS'TRI€T-ING, ppr. Dividing into limited or definite 
portions. 

D1S-TRI€'TI0N, n. Sudden display. [Unusual.'] 

DIS-TRIN'GAS, n. In laic, a writ commanding the sheriff 
to distrain a person for debt, or for his appearance at a 
certain day. 

DIS-TRUST', V. t. 1. To doubt or suspect the truth, fi- 
delity, firmness or sincerity of ; not to confide in or rely 
on. 2. To doubt ; to suspect not to be real, true, sincere 
or firm. 

DIS-TRUST', 71. 1. Doubt or suspicion of reality or sincer- 
ity ; want of confidence, faith or reliance. 2. Discredit ; 
loss of confidence. 

DIS-TRUST'ED, pp. Doubted; suspected. 

DIS-TRUST'FLJL, a. 1. Apt to distrust; suspicious. 2. 
Not confident ; diffident. 3. Diffident ; modest. 

DIS-TRUSl 'FIJL-LY, adv. In a distrustful manner. 

DIS-TRUST'FtjL-JNESS, n. The state of being distrustful ; 
want of confidence. 

DIS-TRUST'ING, ppr. Doubting the reality or sincerity of ; 
suspecting ; not relying on or confiding in. 

DIS-TRUST'LESS, a. Free from distrust or suspicion. 

t DIS-TuNE', V. t. To put out of tune. Wotton. 

DIS-TURB',?;. t. [S:p. disturb ar ; E. disturb o.] 1. To stir ; 
to move ; to discompose ; to excite from a state of rest or 
tranquillity. 2. To move or agitate ; to disquiet ; to ex- 
cite uneasiness or a slight degree of anger in the mind ; to 
move tlie passions ; to ruffle. 3. To move from any reg- 
ular course or operation ; to interrupt regular order ; to 
make irregular. 4. To interrupt; to hinder; to incom- 
mode. 5. To turn off from any direction ; with from ; 
[wmsuflZ.] 

t DIS-TURB', 71. Confusion ; disorder. M'dton. 

DIS-TURB'ANCE, n. 1. A stirring or excitement ; any dis- 
quiet or interruption of peace. 2. Interruption of a settled 
state df things; disorder; tumult. 3. Emotion of the 
mind ; agitation ; excitement of passion ; perturbation. 
4. Disorder of thoughts ; confusion. — 5. In law, the hinder- 
ing or disquieting of a person in the lawful and peaceable 
enjoyment of his right ; the interruption of a right. 

DIS-TURE'ED, (dis-turbd') pp. Stirred ; moved ; excited ; 
discomposed ; disquieted ; agitated ; uneasy. 

DIS-TURB'ER, n. 1. One who disturbs or disquiets ; a vio- 
lator of peace. 2. He or that which excites passion or agi- 
tation ; he or that which causes perturbation. — 3. In law, 
one that interrupts or incommodes another in the peacea- 
ble enjoyment of his right. 

DIS-TURB'ING, ppr. Moving; exciting; rendering un- 
easy ; making a tumult ; interrupting peace ; incommod- 
ing the quiet enjoyment of. 

t DIS-TURN', V. t. To turn aside. Daniel. 

t DIS-U'NI-FORM, a. Not uniform. Coventry. 

DTS-UN'ION, 71. Reparation ; disjunction ; or a state of not 
being united. It sometimes denotes a breach of concord, 
and its effect, contention. 

DIS-U-NTTE', V. t. To separate ; to disjoin ; to part. 

DIS-U-NITE', V. i. To part ; to fall asunder ; to become 
separate. 

DIR-U-NTT'ED, pp. Separated ; disjoined. 

DIS-U-NTT'ER, n. He or that which disjoins. 

DiP-U-NTT'ING, ppr. Separating; parting. 

DIS-U'NT-TY, 71. A state of separation. More. 

DIS-U'RAGE, 71. Gradual cessation of use or custom ; neg- 
lect of use, exercise or practice. 

DIR-USE', n. 1. Cessation of use, practice or exercise. 2. 
Cessation of custom ; desuetude. 

DIS-URE', v.t. 1. To cease to use ; to neglect or omit to 
practice. 2. To disaccustom. 

DIS-UR'ED, (dis-yiizd') pp. 1. No longer used ; obsolete, as 
words, &c. 2. Disaccustomed. 

DTS-UR'ING, (dis-yuz'ing) ppr. Ceasing to use; disaccus- 
toming. 

DIS-VAL-U-a'TION, 71. Disesteem ; disreputation. 

DTS-VAL'UE, V. t. To undervalue ; to disesteem. 

DIS-VAL'UE, n. Disesteem ; disregard. B. Jonson. 

DIR-VOUCTI', V. t. To discredit ; to contradict. 

t DIS-VVARN', V. t. [dis and warn.] To direct by previous 
notice. 

DIS-WIT'TED, a. Deprived of wits or understanding. 


* See Sy 7 iopsis. A, K, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PR£Y ; — TIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — \ Obsolete. 


DIV 


267 


DTS-W6NT', V. t. To wean ; to deprive of wonted usage. 

DIS-VVOR'SHfP, n. Cause of disgrace. Barret. 

t DiT, n. A ditty. Spenser. 

t DIT, i\ t. [Sax. d}jttan.'\ To close up. More. 

t DI-Ta^TIO.V, n. The act of making rich. 

DITCH, n, {^Sax. die ; D. dyk.\ 3 . A trench in the earth 
made by digging. 2 . Any long, hollow receptacle of wa- 
ter. 

DITCFI, V. i. To dig or make a ditcli or ditches. 

DITCH, V. t. 1 . To dig a ditch or ditches in j to drain by a 
ditch. 2 . To surround with a ditch. 

DITCIP-DE-LIV'ERED, a. Brought forth in a ditch. Shak. 

DITCH'ER, n. One who digs ditches. 

DITCH'ING, ppr. Digging ditches 3 also, draining by a ditch 
or ditches. 

DI-TET-RA-He'DRAL, a. In crystal o^raphy^ having the 
form of a tetrahedral prism with dihedral summits. 

Dri’H'Y-RAMB, or DITH-Y-RAMB'US, n. [Gr. SiOvfap- 
( 3 og.] In ancient poetry^ a hymn in honor of Bacchus. 

DITH-Y-RAMB'IC, n. 1 . A song in honor of Bacchus, in 
which the wildness of intoxication is imitated. 2 . Any 
poem written in wild, enthusiastic strains. 

DITH-Y-RAMB'I€, a. Wild ; enthusiastic. Cowley. 

DD'TION, n. [L. ditio.'] Rule 3 power 3 government 3 do- 
minion. Evelyn. 

DPTONE, V. [Gr. and rovog.'] In music j an interval 
comprehending two tones. 

DIT-RI-He'DRI-A, n. [Gr. Sig, rpcig and c^pa.] In mvi- 
eralo<ry, a genus of spars, with six sides or planes. 

DIT-TAN^DER, 71. Pepper- wort, lepidium, a genus of 
plants. Encyc. 

DIT'TA-NY, n. [L. dictamnus.'] A plant. ^ 

DIT'TIED, a. Sung 3 adapted to music. Milton. 

DIT'TO, contracted into do, in books of accounts, is the 
Italian detto, from L. dictum, dictus, said. It denotes 
said, aforesaid, or the same thing 3 an abbreviation used 
to save repetition. 

DIT'TY, n. A song 3 a sonnet 3 or a little poem to be sung. 

DIT'TY, V. i. To sing ; to warble a little tune. Herbert. 

Dl-U-RET'IC, a. [Gr. ^lovpvriKog.'] Having the power to 
provoke urine 3 tending to produce discharges of urine. 

Dl-U-RET'I€, 71 . A medicine that provokes urine. 

Dl-URN'AL, a. [L. diurnus.] 1 . Relating to a day 3 per- 
taining to the day time. 2 . Daily 3 happening every day 3 
performed in a day. 3 . Performed in 24 hours. — 4 . In 
medicine, an epithet of diseases whose exacerbations are 
in the day time. 

DI-URN' AL, 77. A day-book 3 a journal. See Journal. 

t Dl-URN'AL-IST, n. A journalist. Hall. 

DT-URN'AL-LY, adv. Daily 3 every day. 

Dl-U-TURN'AL, a. Lasting 3 being of long continuance. 

DI-U-TURN'I-TY, n. [L. diuturnitas.'] Length of time 3 
long duration. Brow 7 \. 

DI-VAN', 77. [Ar., Pers. diwan.'] 1 . Among the Turks and 
other orinitals, a court of justice, or a council. 2 . A coun- 
cil-chamber ; a hall 3 a court. 3 . Any council assembled. 

DI-VAR'I-€ATE, v. i. [L. divaricatus.] To open 3 to fork 3 
to part into two branches. 

DI-VARH-GATE, v. t. To divide into two branches. 

DI-VAR'[-€ATE, a. In botany, standing out wide. 

DI-VAR'I-UA-TED, pp. Parted into two branches. 

DI-VAR' 1 -€A-TING, ppr. Parting into two branches. 

DI-VAR-I-Ga'TION, 77. 1 . A parting ; a forking 3 a separa- 
tion into two branches. 2 . A crossing or intersection of 
fibres at different angles. 

DIVE, V. i. [Sax. dyfan.'] 1 . To descend or plunge into wa- 
ter, as an animal head first ; to thrust the body into water 
or other liquor, or, if already in water, to plunge deeper. 
2 . To go deep into any subject. 3 . To plunge into any 
business or condition, so as to be tlioroughly engaged in 
it. 4 . To sink 5 to penetrate. 

DIVE, 7J. t. To explore by diving. [Rare.'] Denham. 

Di'VEL, 77. A large cartilaginous fish, with a bifurcated 
snout. 

DI-V'’EL'LENT, a. [L. divellens.'] Drawing asunder 3 sep- 
arating. 

DT-VEL'Ll-€ATE, v. t. To pull in pieces. 

DTV'ER, 77. 1 . One who dives 3 one who plunges head first 
into water 3 one who sinks by effort. 2. One who goes 
deep into a subject, or enters deep into study. 3 . A fowl, 
so called from diving. 

fDT'VERB, 77. A proverb. Burton. 

DI-VERGE', (di-verj') v. i. [L. diverao.'] To tend from one 
point and recede from each other 5 to shoot, extend or 
proceed from a point in different directions, or not in par- 
allel lines. 

DI-VERG'ENCE, n. A receding from each other 3 agoing 
farther apart. Oretrory. 

DI-VER6'ENT, a. Departing or receding from each other, 
as lines which proceed from the same point. 

DI-VERG'ING, ;7j7r. Receding from each other, as they pro- 
ceed. 

DI-VERG'ING-LY, adv. In a diverging manner. 


DIV 

DT'VERi?, a. [Fr. divers ; L. diversus.l 1 . Different ; Vari- 
ous. [This is now generally written diverse.] 2 . Several J 
sundry , more than one, but not a great number. 

Dl'VERS-GoL'ORED, a. Having various colors. Shaki 

DI'VERSE, a. [L. r/iTJersTts.] 1. Different 3 differing. 2 . Dif- 
ferent from itself 3 various 3 multiform. 3 . In different di- 
rections. 

t DI-VERSE*, (di-vers*) v. i. To turn aside. Spenser. 

D[-VERS-I-FI-€A*T 1 UN, 77. ]. The act of changing forms 
or qualities, or of making various. 2. Variation 5 variega- 
tion. 3. Variety of forms. 4 . Change 3 alteration. 

DI-VERS'[-FIEDj pp. I. Made various in form or qualities 3 
variegated 3 altered. 2 . a. Distinguished by various forms, 
or by'a variety of objects. 

DI-VERS'I-FORM, a. [L. diversus and forma.] Of a di.Ter- 
ent form 3 of various forms. Diet. 

DI-VERS'I-FV, v. t. [Fr. diversifier.] 1 . To make different 
or various in form or qualities 3 to give variety to 3 to va- 
riegate. 2 . To give diversity to 3 to distinguish by differ- 
ent things.— 3. In oratory, to vary a subject, by enlarging 
on what has been briefly stated, by brief recapitulation, 
by adding new ideas, by transposing words or periods, 
&c. 

DI-VERS'I-FV-ING, ppr. Making various in form or quali- 
ties ; giving variety to 3 variegating. 

DI-VER'SION, 77. [Fr.] 1 . The act of turning aside from 

any course. 2 . That which diverts 3 that which turns or 
draws the mind from care, business or study, and thus re- 
laxes and amuses 3 sport 3 play 3 pastime 3 whatever un- 
bends the mind.— 3 . In rear, the act of drawing the atten- 
tion and force of an enemy from the point where the prin- 
cipal attack is to be made. 

DI-VERS'I- 3 'Y, 77. [L. diversitas.] 1 . Difference 3 dissimili- 
tude 5 unlikeness. 2 . Variety. 3 . Distinct being, as op- 
posed to identity. 4. Variegation. 

DI'VERS-LY, adv. 1 . In different ways 3 differently 3 vari- 
ously. 2 . In different directions 3 to different points. 

DI-VERT*, v.t. [L. diverto.] J. To turn off from ar.y 
course, direction or intended application 3 to turn aside. 
2 . To turn the mind from business or study 3 hence, to 
please 5 to amuse 3 to entertain 3 to exhilarate. 3 . To 
draw the forces of an enemy to a different point. 4 . To 
subvert 5 [not in 77se.] Shak. 

DT-VERT'ED, pp. Turned aside 3 turned or drawn from any 
course, or from the usual or intended direction 3 pleased ; 
amused 3 entertained. 

DI-VERT'ER, 77. He or that which diverts, turns off, or 
pleases. 

f DI-VERT*I-€!LE, 77. [L. diverticulum.] A turning 3 a by- 
way. Hale. 

DI-VERT'ING, ppr. 1 . Turning off from any course 3 pleas- 
ing 3 entertaining. 2 . a. Pleasing 3 amusing 3 entertain- 
ing. 

* I DI-VER-TlSE*, V. t. [Fr. divertir.] To divert 3 to please. 
Drvden. 

DI-VERTTSE-MENT, 77. Diversion. [Little used.] Ori~ 
fThtallii, a certain air or dance between tire acts of the 
French opera, or a musical composition. 

DI-VERT'IVE, a. Tending to divert 3 amusing. 

DI-VEST', V. t. [Fr. devCtir.] 1 . To strip of clothes, arms 
or equipage 3 opposed to invest. 2 . To deprive. 3 . To 
deprive or strip of any thing that covers, surrounds or at- 
tends ; as, to divest one of his glory. 

DI-VEST'ED, pp. Stripped 5 undressed 3 deprived. 

DI-VEST'ING, ppr. Stripping 3 putting off 3 depriving. 

DI-VEST'I-TURE, ) n. The act of stripping, putting off, or 

Dl-VEST'URE, i depriving. Boyle. 

DI-VTD*A-BLE, a. 1 . That may be divided. 2 . Separate 3 
parted 3 [not 7 ised.] Shak. 

tDT-VTD'ANT, a. Different 3 separate. Shak. 

DI-VIDE', V. t. [L. divido.] 1 . To part or separate an entire 
thing 5 to part a thing into two or more pieces. 2 . To 
cause to be separate 3 to keep apart by a partition, or by an 
imaainary line or limit. 3 . To make partition of, among 
a number. 4 . To open 5 to cleave. 5 . To disunite in 
opinion or interest 5 to make discordant. 6. To distribute 5 
to separate and bestow in parts or shares. 7 . To make 
dividends 3 to apportion the interest or profits of stock 
ainong proprietors. 8. To separate into two parts, for 7is- 
certaining opinions for and against a measure. 

DI-VTDE', V. 7. 1 . To part 3 to open ; to cleave. 2 . To break 
friendship. Shak. 3 . To vote by the division of a legisla- 
tive house into two parts. Gibbon. 

DT-VTD'ED, piJ. Parted 3 disunited ; distributed. 

DT-VTD'ED-LY, adv. f'eparately. Knatchbull. 

DIV'I-DEND, 77. ]. A part or share 3 pai-ticularly, the share 
of the interest or profit of stock in trade or other employ- 
ment, which belongs to each proprietor according to his 
proportion of the stock or capital. — 2 . In arithmetic, the 
number to be divided into equal parts. 

DI-VTD'ER, 77. ]. He or that which divides 5 that which 
separates into parts. 2 . A distributor ; one who deals out 
to each his share. 3 . He or that which disunites. 4 . A 
kind of compasses. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE 3— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K 3 0 as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SII 3 Til as in this, f Obsolete. 


DIV 


268 


DOC 


DI'VTD'TNG, p-pr. ]. Parting ; separating ; distributing ; dis- 
uniting ; apportioning to each his share. 2. a. That indi- 
cates separation or ditference. 

DI-VTD'iNG, n. Separation. 

Dl-VID'U-AL, a. \L- dividims.'] Divided, shared or parti- 
cipatedjn common with others. [^Little 

DIV-I-Na'TION, 71. [L. diolnatio.'] 1. The act of divining ; 
a foretelling future events, or discovering things secret or 
obscure, by the aid of superior beings, or by other than 
human means. 2. Conjectural presage ; prediction. Skak. 

DIV'£-NA-TOil, n. One who pretends to divination. 

Dr-VIN'A-TO-llY', a. Professing divination. 

Dl-ViNE’, a. [h. divinus.] J. Pertaining to the true God. 
2. Pertaining to a heathen deity, or to false gods. 3. Par- 
taking of the nature of God. 4. Proceeding from God ; as, 
divine judgments. 5. Godlike ; heavenly ; excellent in 
the higl est degree j extraordinary; apparently above 
wliat is human. 6. Presagefnl ; foreboding ; prescient ; 
[not used.] 7. Appropriated to God, or celebrating his 
praise. 

DI-VTNE', 71. 1. A minister of the gospel ; a priest ; a cler- 
gyman. 2. A man skilled in divinity ; a theologian. 

Dl-VxNE', V. t. [L. divitio.'\ 1. To foreknow ; to foretell ; 
to presage. 2. To deify ; [not in Spenser. 

DI-VLVE', V. i. 1. To use or practice divination. 2. To ut- 
ter presages or prognostications. 3. To have presages or 
forebodings. 4. To guess or conjecture. 

DI-ViNE'EY, adv. 1. In a divine or godlike manner ; in a 
manner resembling deity. 2. By the agency or influence 
of God. 3. Excellently ; in the supreme degree. 

DI-ViNE'NESS, 71. 1. Divinity ; participation of the divine 
nature ; [little used.] 2. Excellence in the supreme de- 
gree. 

DI-VliV'ER, 71. 1. One who professes divination ; one who 
pretends to predict events, or to reveal oc^'iilt things, by 
the aid of superior beings, or of supernatural means. 2. 
One who guesses ; a conjectnrer. 

DI-VINE'RESS, 71. A female diviner ; a woman professing 
divination. Dnjden. 

DiV'ING, ppr. 1. Plunging or sinking into water or other 
liquid ; applied to animals only. 2. Going deep into a sub- 
ject. 

DiV'ING-BELL, 77. A hollow vessel, in form of a truncated 
cone or pyramid, with the smaller base close, and the 
larger one open, in which a pe.-son may descend into deep 
water, and remain till the inclosed air ceases to be respir- 
able. 

DI-VIN'I-FiED, a. Participating of the divine nature. 

DI-VINT-TY, n. [L. divinitas.] 1. The state of being di- 
vine ; Deity ; Godhead ; the nature or essence of God. 
2. God ; the I)eity ; the Supreme Being. 3. A false god ; 
a pretended deity of pagans. 4. A celestial being, inferior 
to the Supreme God, but superior to man. 5. l^mething 
supernatural. 6. The science of divine things ; the sci- 
ence which unfolds the character of God, his laws and 
moral government, the duties of man, and the way of sal- 
vation ; theology. 

DI-VIS-I-BfL'I-TY, n. [Fr. dicLsihilite.] The quality of be- 
ing divisible ; the property of bodies by which their parts 
or component particles are capable of separation. 

DI-VIS'l-BLE, a. [L. divinbilLs.] Capable of division ; that 
may be separated or disunited ; separable. 

DI-VLS'I-BLE-NESS, n. Divisibility ; capacity of being 
separated. 

DI-VI"SlON, 71. [L. divislo.] 1. The act of dividing or sep- 
arating into parts, any entire body. 2. The state of being 
divided. 3. That which divides or separates ; that which 
keeps apart ; partition. 4. The part separated from the 
rest by a partition or line, real or imaginary. 5. A sep- 
arate body of men. 6. A part or distinct portion. 7. A 
part of an army or militia. 8. A part of a fleet, or a select 
number of ships under a commander, and distinguished 
by a particular flag or pendant. 9. Disunion ; discord ; 
variance ; diflerence. 10. Space between the notes of 
music, or the dividing of the tones. 11. Distinction. 12. 
The separation of voters in a legislative bouse. — 13. In 
arithmetic, the dividing of a number or quantity into any 
parts assigned ; or the rule by which is found how many 
times one number is contained in another. 

DI-Vi 'J?IO.V-AL, I a. Pertaining to division ; noting or 

DI-VT^'S?IOX-A-RY, ) making division. 

t Df-YP'^ION-ER, n. One wlio divides. Sheldon. 

DI-V['SIVE, 77. 1. Forming division or distribution. J\Iede. 
2. Creating division or discord. Burnet. 

DI-VI'JSOR, 77. In arithmetic, the number by which the div- 
idend is divided. 

DI-VoRCE', 71. [Fr. divorex.] 1. A legal dissolution of the 
bonds of matrimony, or the separation of husband and 
wife by a judicial sentence. 2. The separation of a mar- 
ried woman from the bed and board of her husband, a 
mensa el thoro'. 3. Separation ; disunion of things closely 
United. 4. The sentence or writing by which marriage is 
dissolved. 5. The cause of any penal separation. 

DI-V6RCE', V. t. 1. To dissolve the marriage contract, and 


thus to separate husband and wife. 2. To separate, as a 
married woman from the bed and board of her husband. 
3. To separate or disunite things closely connected ; to 
force asunder. 4. To take away ; to put away. 

DI-VoR'CED, (de-v6rst^) 2?/7. Separated by a dissolution of 
the marriage contract ; separated from bed and board ; 
parted ; forced asunder. 

Dl-V(5RCEbMENT, n. Divorce ; dissolution of the marriage 
tie. y 

DI-VoR'CER, 77. 1. The person or cause that produces di- 
vorce. 2. One of a sect called divorcers, said to have 
spriing from Milton. 

DI-VoR'ClNG, ppr. Dissolving the marriage contract ; sep- 
arating from bed and board ; disuniting. 

DI-VoR'ClVE, a. Having power to divorce. jMilton. 

DI-VUL'GA'I’E, a. Pnblisiied. [Little used.] 

DIV-UL-Ga'TIOX, 77. The act of divulging or publishing. 

DI-VULGE', (de-vuljO 77. t. [h. diculgo.] J.Toniake public; 
to tell or make known something before private or secret j 
to reveal ; to disclose. 2. To declare by a public act; to 
proclaim ; [77777t.'>'aa/.] 

DI-VUL'GED, (de-vuljd') pp. Made public ; revealed; dis- 
closed ; published. 

DI-VUL'GER, 77. One who divulges or reveals. 

DI-VUL'GrNG, ppr. Disclosing ; publishing ; revealing. 

DI-VUL'SION, 77. [L. divulsio.] Tlie lact of pulling or 
plucking away ; a rending asunder. 

DI-VUL fcsIVE, a. That pulls asunder; that rends. 

DIZ'EX, (diz n) v. t. To dress gayly ; to deck. Sivifl. This 
word is nearly obsolete. 

fDIZZ, V. t. To astonish ; to puzzle ; to make dizzy. 

fDlZ'ZARD, 77. A blockhead. 

DIZ'ZI-NESS, n. Giddiness; a whirling in the head; ver- 
tigo. 

DIZ'ZY, a. [Sax. dysi, or dysig.] 1. Giddy ; having a sensa- 
tion of whirling in the head, with instability or proneness 
to fall ; vertiginous. 2. Causing giddiness. 3. Giddy ; 
thoughtless ; heedless. 

DIZ'ZA, V. t. To whirl round ; to make giddy; to confuse. 

DO, 77. t. or auxiliary ,* pret. did i pp. done. This verb, 
when transitive, is formed in the indicative present tense, 
thus, I do, thou doest, he does, or doth ; when auxiliary, 
the second person is, thou dost. [Sax. don ; D. doen.] 1. 
To perform ; to execute ; to carry into effect. 2. To prac- 
tice ; t(7 perform. 3. To perform for the benefit or injury 
of another; with for or to. 4. To execute ; to discharge • 
to convey. 5. To perform ; to practice ; to observe. 6. To 
exert. 7. To transact. 8. To finish ; to execute or trans- 
act and bring to a conclusion. 9. To perform in an exigen- 
cy ; to have recourse to, as a consequential or last effort ; to 
take a step or measure. 10. To make or cause ; [ofts.] 11. 
To put ; [oZ7s.] 12. To answer tlie purpose. — To have to 

do, to have concern with. — To do with, to dispose of ; to 
make use of ; to employ. — To do away, to remove ; to de- 
stroy ; as, to do away imperfections. 

D5, V. i. 1. To act or behave, in any manner, well or ill ; 
to conduct one’s self. 2. To fare ; to be in a state with 
regard to sickness or health. 3. To succeed ; to accom- 
plish a purpose. Also, to fit ; to be adapted. — To have to 
do with, to have concern or business with : to deal with. 
Also, to have carnal commerce with. — Do is used for a 
verb, to save the repetition of it. — Do is also used in the 
imperative, to express an urgent request or command. — 
As an auxiliary, do is used in asking questions. — Do is 
also used to express emphasis. — Do is sometimes a mere 
expletive. 

DO, 77. See Doe and Ado. 

Do'IjIT-TLE, 77. A term of contempt for him who professes 
much and performs little. 

DoAT. See Dote. 

Do^CI-BLE, a. Teachable ; docile ; tractable ; easily 
taught or managed. JMilton. 

jDo'CENT, a. [L. docens.] Teaching. Abp. Laud. 

DOC-I-BTTyT-TY, ) n. Teachableness ; docility ; readiness 

DrvCI-BLE-NESS, \ to learn. 

♦Do'CTLE, or DOC'iLE, a. [L. docills.] Teachable ; easily 
instructed ; ready to learn ; tractable ; easily managed. 

DO-CIL'I-TY, 77. Teachableness; readiness to learn; apt- 
ness to be taught. 

Do'CI-MA-CY, 77. [Gr. hoKipaaia.] The art or practice of as- 
saying metals ; metallurgy. 

DO-CI-MAS'T[€, a. [Gr. hoKinaariKo^.] Properly, assay- 
ing, proving by experiments, or relating to the assaying of 
metals. 

DOCK, 77. [Sax. docce.] A genus of plants. 

DO€K, 77. t. [W. tociaw, and tweiaw.] 1. To cut off, as 
the end of a thing ; to cuitail ; to cut short ; to clip. 2. 
To cut off a part ; to shorten ; to deduct from. 3. To cut 
off, destroy or defeat; to bar. 4. To bring, draw* or place 
a ship in a dock. 

DOCK, 77. 1. The tail of a beast cut short or clipped ; the 
stump of a tail ; the solid part of the tail. 2. A case of 
leather to cover a horse’s dock. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, U, Y, long.-^FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


DOD 


269 


DOG 


DOCK, Ti. A broad, deep, trench on the side of a harbor, 
or bank of a river, in wliicJi ships are built or repaired. 
— In America^ the spaces between wharves are called 
docks. 

DOCK'-VARD, n. A yard, or magazine, near a harbor, for 
containing all kinds of naval stores and timber. 

DOCiv'ET, n. [VV. 1. A small piece of paj>er or 

parchment, containing the lieads of a writing. Also, a 
subscription at the foot of letters patent, by the clerk of 
the dockets. 2. A bill, tied to goods, containing some di- 
rection. 3. An alphabetical list of cases in a court, or a 
catalogue of the names of the parties wiio have suits de- 
pending in a court. 

DOCK'E'i’, V. t. 1. To make an abstract or summary of the 
heads of a writing or writings ; to abstract and enter in a 
book. Blackstoiis^.'i 2. To entjr in a docket; to mark the 
contents of papers on the back of them. 3. To mark with 
a docket. (Jtiesterfield. 

DOCIvMNG, ppr. Clipping ; cutting off the end ; placing in 
a dock. 

DOCiv'lXG, w. The act of drawing, as a ship, into a dock. 

DOC'TOR, n. [L., from dwceo.] 1. A teacher. 2. One who 
has passed all the degrees of a faculty, and is empowered 
to practice and teach it ; as a doctor in divinity, in physic, 
in law ; or, according to modern usage, a person who has 
received the highest degree in a faculty. 3. A learned 
man ; a man skilled in a profession ; a man of erudition. 

4. A physician ; one whose occupation is to cure diseases. 

5. T he title doctor is given to certain fathers of the 
church, whose opinions are received as authorities. — Doc- 
tors’ Commons, the college of civilians in London. 

DOC TOR, V. t. To apply medicines for the cure of dis- 
eases. [A popular use of this word, but not elegant.'\ 

DOC'TOR, V. i. To practice physic. [JV«t elegant.] 

DOC TOR-AL, a. Relating to the degree of a doctor. 

DOC TOR-AL-LY, ado. In the manner of a doctor. 

DOC'l'OR-ATE, n. The degree of a doctor. Encyc. 

DOC'TOR-ATE, v. t. To make a doctor by conferring a 
degree. fVarton. 

DOC TOR-LY, a. Like a learned man. Bp. Hall. 

DOC'TOR-SHIP, n. The degree or rank of a doctor. 

DOC TRESS, or DOCTOR-ESS, n. A female physician. 

DOC'TRI-NAL, a. 1. Pertaining to doctrine ; containing a 
doctrine or something taught. 2. Pertaining to the act or 
means of teaching. 

DOC'TRI-iVAL, n. Something that is a part of doctrine. 

DOC'TRI-NAL-LY, ado. In the form of doctrine or instruc- 
tion ; by way of teaching or positive direction. 

DOC'l'RLVE, n. [L. doctrina.] I. Whatever is taught; a 
principle or position in any science ; whatever is laid 
down as true by an instructor or master. 2. The act of 
teaching. 3. Learning ; knowledge. 4. The truths of 
the gospel in general. 5. Instruction and confirmation in 
tlie truths of tlie gospel. 

DOC'U-MENT, n. [L. documentum.] 1. Precept ; instruc- 
tion ; direction. 2. Dogmatical precept ; authoritative 
dogma. — 3. More generally, in present usage, written in- 
struction, evidence or proof ; any official or authoritative 
paper containing instructions or proof, for information and 
the establishment of facts. 

DOG U-MENT, v. t. I. To furnish with documents ; tc fur- 
nish with instructions and pro»^fs, or with papers neces- 
sary to establish facts. 2. To teach ; to instruct ; to direct. 
Dryden. 

DOG-U-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to instruction or to docu- 
ments ; consisting in or derived from documents. 

DOG-U-MENT'A-R Y, a. Pertaining to written evidence; 
consisting in documents. 

DODD, V. t. To dodd sheep, is to cut the wool away about 
their tails. Brockrtt. 

DOD'DER, n. [G. dotter.] A plant of the genus cuscuta. 

DOD'DED, a. VVithout horns ; applied to sheep. An abbre- 
viation of doe-headed. 

DOD'DERED, a. Overgrown with dodder; covered with 
supercrescent plants. Dryden. 

DO-DEG'A-GON, n. [Gr. SmScKa and ywvia.] A regular 
figure or polygon, having twelve equal sides and an- 
gles. 

DO-DEG'A-GYN, n. [Gr. ^(oSeKa and ywy.] In botany, a 
plant having twelve pistils. 

DO-DEG-A-GYNM-AX, a. Having twelve pistils. 

DO-DEG-A-IIic'DRAL, a. Pertaining to a dodecahedron; 
consisting of twelve equal sides. 

DO-DEG-A-He DROiV, V. [Gr. ^ooheKu and £<^pa.'] A reg- 
ular solid contained under twelve equal and regular penta- 
gons, or having twelve equal bases. 

DO-DE-G AN DER, n. [Gr. InohcKa and avy^.] In botany, 
a plant having twelve stamens. 

DO-DE-GAN'DRI- AN, a. Pertaining to the plants or class 
of plants that have twelve stamens, or from twelve to 
nineteen. 

DO-DEG' \-TE-Mo'RI-ON, n. [Gr. and ftoptov.] 

A twelfth part. [LdtZe used.] Creech. 


DO-DEG-A-TEM'O-RY, n. A denomination sometimes 

given to each of the twelve signs of tlie zodiac. 

Dodge, (doj) v. i. l. 'I’o start suddenly aside; to shift 
place by a sudden start. 2. 'i’o play tricks ; to be eva.sive j 
to use tergiversation ; to play fast and luc,se ; to raise e.x- 
pectations and disai>point them ; to quibble. 

DODGE, V. t. To evade by a sudden shift of place ; to 
escape by starting aside. 

DODg E-RY, M. 'Irick. Hacket. 

DODG EK, n. One wiio dodges or evades. 

DODG'lNG, ppr. Starting aside ; evading. 

DOD' KIN, n. A little doit ; a small coin. 

DOD'MAN, n. A fish that casts its shell. 

Do'DO, n. The didus, a genus of fowls of the gallinaceous 
order. 

DoE, (do) n. [Sax. da ; Dan. daa.] A she deer ; the fe- 
male of the fallow-deer. The male is called a buck. 
t Doe, n. A feat. Hudibras. 

DO'ER, 7i. I One who does; one who performs or exe- 
cutes; an actor; an agent. 2. One who perforins what 
is required ; one who observes, keeps or obeys, in prac- 
tice. 

Does, (duz) The third person singular of the verb do, 
indicative mode, present tense. 

DOFF, V. t. [D. dojfen.] I. To put off, as dress. 2. To 
strip or divest. 3. To put or thrust away, to get rid of. 
4. 'l''o put oft'; to shift oft'; with a view to delay. 

DOG, n. [Fr. dogue.] 1. A species of quadrupeds, belong- 
ing to the genus canis, of many varieties, as the mas- 
tiff, the hound, the spaniel, the shepherd’s dog, the ter- 
rier, the harrier, the bloodhound, k.c. 2. It is used for 
male, when applied to several other animals; as, a dog- 
fox. 3. An andiron, so named from the figure of a dog”s 
head on the top. 4. A term of reproach or contempt 
given to a man. 5. A constellation called Sirius or Canic- 
ula. 6. An iron hook or bar with a sharp lang, used by 
seamen. 7. An iron used by sawyers to fasten a log of 
timber in a saw-pit. 8. A gay young man ; a buck ; \_not 
in use.] — To give or throw to the dogs, is to throw away, 
as useless. — To go to the dogs, is to be ruined. 

DOG, V. t. To hunt ; to follow insidiously or indefatigably ; 

to follow close ; to urge ; to worry with importunity. 
Do'GA7’E, n. The office or dignity of a doge. Encyc. 
DOG'BANE, n. A plant. Miller. 

DOG'BER-RY, n. The berry of the dog-wood. 
DOG'BER-RY-TREE, n. I'lie dog-wood. 

DOG'BoLT, 71. A word o-f contempt, applied to persons. 
Beaumont. 

DOG'BRI-ER, 77. The brier that bears the hip. 

DOG' GAB-BAGE, 77. A plant in the south of Europe. 
DOG'CHeAP, a. Cheap as dog’s meaG or oft'al. 

DOG'DaY, 77. One of the days when Firius, or the dogstar, 
rises and sets with the sun. — The dogdays commetice the 
latter part of July, and end the beginning of Feptember. 
DOG'DRAW, 77,. A manifest deprehension of an offender 
against the venison in the forest, when he is found draw- 
ing after the deer by the scent of a hound. Cowcl. 

DOgE, 77. [It. ; L. dux.] The chief magistrate of Venice 
and Genoa. 

DOG'FIGHT, 77. A battle between two dogs. 

DOG'FISH, 77. A name of several species ofr.hark. 
DOG'FISH-ER, n. A kind of fish. Walton. 

DOG'FLY, 77. A voracious, biting fly. 

DOG'GED, pp. 1. Pursued closely ; urged frequently and 
importunately. 2. a. Sullen ; sour ; morose ; surly ; se- 
vere. Shak. 

DOG'GED-LY, adv. Sullenly ; gloomily ; sourly ; morosely j 
severely. 

DOG'GED-NESS, n. Sullenness ; moroseness. 

DOG'GER, 77. A Dutch fishing vessel used in the German 
ocean, particularly in the herring fishery. 

DOG'GER-EL, a. An ejiithet given to a kind of loose, ir- 
regular measure in burlesque poetry, like that cf Hudibras. 
Addison. 

DOG'GER-EL, n. A loose, irregular kind of poetry ; used 
in burlesque. Swift. 

DOGGER-MAN, n. A sailor belonging to a dogger. 
DOG'GERS, 77. In English alum works, a sort of stone 
found in tlie mines with the true alum-rock. 

DOG'GING, ppr. Hunting ; pursuing incess.antly. 
DOG'GISH, a. Like a dog ; churlish ; growling ; snappish ; 
brutal. 

DOG‘HEART-ED, a. Cruel ; pitiless ; malicious, 
DOG'HOLE, 77. A place fit only for dogs. Diyden^ 
DOG'HOUSE, 77. A kennel for dogs. Overhury, 
DOG'KEEP-ER, n. One who has the management of dogs, 
DOG'KEN-NEL, n A kennel or hut for dogs, 
DOG'LkACH, 77. A dog doctor. Beaumont, 

DOG'LOUSE, 77. An insect that is found on dogs, 
t DOG'LY, a. Like a dog. 

DOG'-MAD, a. Mad as a dog. 

DOG'MA, 77. [Gr. 6oyna.] A settled opinion ; a principle, 
maxim or tenet ; a doctrinal notion, particularly in mgL 
ters of faith and philosophy. 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BJ.JLL, UNITE. — € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, ■[ Obsolete, 


DOL 


270 


DOM 


DOO-MAT'IC, ) a. 1. Pertaining to a dogma, or to set- 
DO(a-MAT^I-t!AL, I lied opinion. 2. Positive; magiste- 
rial ; asserting or dis*)osed to assert with authority or with 
overhearing and arrogance. 3. Positive ; asserted with 
authority; ! uthoritativa. 4. Arrogant; overbearing in 
asserting and maintaining opinions. 

DOG-MAT'l€, n. One of a sect of physicians, called also 
d‘)iT/natL'tSj in contradistinction to Empirics and Metho- 
dists. 

DOO-MAT'I-GAL-LY, adv. Positively ; in a magisterial 
manner ; arrogantly. 

DOO-M AT'1-CAL-N£SS, n. The quality of being dogmat- 
ical ; positiveness. 

DOG'MA-TISM, n. Positive assertion ; arrogance ; positive- 
ness in opinion. 

DOG'.MA-'i’lST, n. A positive asserter ; a magisterial teach- 
er ; a bold or arrogant advancer of principles. 
DOG'MA-TIZE, v. i. To assert positively ; to teach with 
bold and undue confideiice ; to advance with arrogance. 
DOG'M A-TiZ-ER, n. One who dogmatizes ; a bold asserter ; 

a magisterial teacher. Hammond. 

DOG'AIA-TIZ-ING, ppr. Asserting with excess of confi- 
dcTicc* 

POG'ROSE, n. The flower of the hip. Derham . 
DOG’S'-BANE, n. [Gr. avoKwov.] A genus of plants. 
DOG’S'-kAR, n. The corner of a leaf in a book turned 
down like a dog’s ear. 

DOG'SJGK, a. Sick as a dog. 

EOG'SKIN, a. Alade of the skin of a dog. Tatler. 
UOG'SLEI^P, n. Pretended sleep. Addison. 
DOG’S'-AIkAT, n. Refuse ; offal ; meat for dogs. 
DOG’S'-RuE, n. A plant, a species of scrophularia. 
DOG'STAR, 71. Sirius, a star of the first magnitude, whose 
rising mid setting with the sun give name to the dogdays. 
DOG'SToNES, n. A plant, the orchis, or fool-stones. 
DOG'TOOTri, 71. ; plu. Dogteeth. A sharp-pointed human 
tooth growing between the foreteeth and grinders, and 
resembling a dog’s tooth. 

DOG'TOOTH-Vi'O-IjET, 71. A plant, the erythroniam. 
DOG'TRIEK, n. A currish trick ; brutal treatment. 
DOG'TROT, 77. A gentle trot like that of a dog. 

DOG' VANE, 77. Among seamen, a small vane composed of 
thread, cork and feathers. 

DOG' W atch, n. Among seamen, a watch of two hours. 
The dogwatches are two reliefs between 4 and 8 o’clock, 

, P. AI. 

DOG'Wf.A-RY, a. Quite tired ; much fatigued. 
DOG'WOOD, 77. A common name of diflerent species of 
the cornus, or cornelian cherry. 

DOG'WOOD-TREE, 77. The piscidia erythrina. 

DOI'LY,* *77. 1. A species of woolen stuff. 2. Linen made 
into a small napkin. 

DcVING, ppr. Performing ; executing. 

DOINGS, 77. pin. 1. Things done; transactions; feats; 
actions, good or bad. 2. Behavior ; conduct. 3. Stir ; 
bustle. 

DOIT, 77. [D. d?77t ] 1. A small piece of money. 2. Atrifle. 
DO-LAB'RI-FORAi. a. [Ij. dolabrannd forma.'\ Having the 
) form of an axe or hatchet. 

SDOLF, 77. [Sax. dal ; Russ, doling 1. The act of dealing or 
‘ distributing ; [not in ttsc.] 2. That which is dealt or dis- 
tributed ; a part, share or portion. 3. That which is given 
) in charily ; gratuity. 4. Blows dealt out. 5. Boundary ; 

[iiot in t76‘e.] 6. A void space left in tillage ; [local.] 

^ DOLE, 77. [Ij. dolor.] Grief; sorrow. Milton. 
fDOLE, V. t. To deal ; to distribute. 

iJOliE'FlJL, a. [dole and fall.] 1. Sorrowful ; expressing 
grief. 2. Alelancholy ; sad ; afflicted. 3. Dismal ; im- 
pressing sorrow ; gloomy. 

BoLE'FIJL-LY, ado. In a doleful manner; sorrowfully; 
dismally ; sadly. 

DoliE'Ff.L-NESS, n. Sorrow ; melancholy ; querulous- 
ness ; gk)cminess ; dismalness. 
fDO'LENT, a. [L. dolens.] Sorrowful. 

DoLRSoAIE, a. Gloomy ; dismal ; sorrowful ; doleful. 
DoLE'S6ME-LY, ado. In a dolesome manner. 
J)oLE'SoAlE-NESS, n. Gloom; dismalness. 

DOLIi, 77. [VV. delw.] A puppet or baby for a child. 
DOL'LAR, 77. [G. thaler ; D. dnalder.] A silver coin of 
Spain and of the United States, of the value of one hundred 
cents, or four shillings and sixpence sterling. 

DOL'-)- MITE, 77. A magnesian carbonate of lime. 

Dr 'LOR, 77. [L.] Pain ; grief ; lamentation. Shak. 
DOIj-O-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. dolor and fero.] Producing 
pain. 

D0L-0-RTF'I€, a. [L. dolorificns.] 1. That causes pain or 
grief. 2. Expressing pain or grief. 

D0L-O-RlF'[-UAL, a. Dolorific. Cockeram. 

DOIj'OR-OUS, a. 1. Sorrowful ; doleful ; dismal ; impress- 
ing sorrow or grief. 2. Painful ; giving pain. 3. Ex- 
pressing pain or grief. 

DOL'OR-OUS-LY, ady. Sorrowfully ; in a manner to ex- 
press pain. 

DOL'PHIN, 77. [L. delphin, or delphinus.] 1. A genus of 


cetaceous fish, with teeth in both jaws, and a pipe in the 
head, comprehending tJie dolphin, llie porpess, the gram- 
pus and the beluga. — 2 . In ancient Greece, a machine 
suspended over the sea, to be dropped on any vessel 
passing under it. 

DOL'PHIN-ET, 77 . A female dolphin. Spenser. 

DoLT, 77 . [G. tdlpel ; Sax. dol.] A heavy, stupid fellow ; a 
blockhead; a thick-skull. Swift. 

DoLT, i\ i. To waste time foolishly ; to behave foolishly. 

DoLT'ISH, a. Dull in intellect; stupid ; blockish. 

DoLT'ISH-NESS, 77. Stupidity. 

DOAI, used as a termination, denotes jurisdiction, or prop- 
erty and jurisdiction ; p' 7777 arif 7 /, doom, judgment; as in 
kingdom. 

DO-AIaIN', 77. [Fr. domaine.] 1. Dominion ; empire ; ter- 
ritory governed, or under the governuient of a sovereign. 
2. Possession ; estate. 3. The land about the mansion 
house of a lord, and in his immediate occupancy. 

Do'AIAL, a. [L. domus.] Pertaining to house in astrology. 

DOAIE, 77. [Fr. dome.] 1. A building ; a house ; a fabric. 
2. A cathedral. — 3. In arc/ 77 tcct 7 trc, a spherical roof, raised 
over the middle of a building ; a cupola. — 4. \u chemistry , 
the upper part of a furnace, resembling a hollow hemi- 
sphere or small dome. 

DQAIES'DAY. See Doomsday. 

t DOAIES'AIAN, n. A judge ; an umpire. 

DO-AIES'TI€, a. [h. domesticus.] 1. Belonging to the house, 
or home ; pertaining to one’s place of residence, and to 
the family. 2. Remaining much at home; living in re- 
tirement. 3. Living near the habitations of man ; tame ; 
not wild. 4. Pertaining to a nation considered as a fam- 
ily, or to one’s own country ; intestine ; not foreign. 
5. Made in one’s own house, nation or country. 

DO-AIES'TI€, 77. One who lives in the family of another, 
as a chaplain or secretary. Also, a servant or hired labor- 
er, residing with a family. 

DO-AIES'TI-€AL. The same as domestic. 

DO-AIES'TI-€AL-LY, ado. In relation to domestic affairs. 

DO-AIES'TI-€ANT, a. Forming part of the same family. 
Sir E. Dering. 

DO-MES'TI-€ATE, v. t. 1. To make domestic ; to retire 
from the public ; to accustom to remain much at home. 
2. To make familiar, as if at home. 3. To accustom to 
live near the habitations of man ; to tame. 

DO-MES-TI-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of withdrawing from 
the public notice, and living much at home. 2 . Ihe act 
of taming or reclaiming wild animals. ^ 

DOAI'I-CIL, 77 . [L. domicilium.] An abode or mansion , a 
place of permanent residence, either of an individual or 
family. 

DOAI'I-CIL, or DOAI-I-CIL I-ATE, v. t. To establish a fixed 
residence, or a residence that constitutes habitancy. Kent, 

DOAI'I-ClLED, or DOAI-I-CIL'I-A-TED, pp. Having gain- 
ed a permanent residence or inhabitancy. 

DOAl-I-CIL'IA-RY, a. Pertaining to an abode, or the resi- 
dence of a person or family. 

DOAI-I-CIL-I-a'TION, 77. Permanent residence ; inhabit- 
ancv. 

DOAI'i-CIL-ING, or DOAI-I-CIL'I-A-TING, pp'. Gaining 
or taking a permanent residence. 

f DOAI'I-FY, y. t. [h. doinus and facio.] 1. In astrology, to 
divide the heavens into twelve houses, in order to erect a 
theme or horoscope. 2. To tame. 

DOAI'I-NANT, a. [H dominoms.] 1. Ruling; prevailing; 
governing ; predominant. — 2. In music, the dominant or 
sensible chord is that which is practiced on the dominant 
of the tone, and which introduces a perfect cadence. 

DOAI'I-NxANT, 77 . In music, of the three notes essential to 
the tone, the dominant is that which is a fifth from the 
tonic. 

DOM'I-NATE, V. t. [L. dominatus.] To rule ; to govern ; 
to prevail ; to predominate over. Russ. 

DOAI'I-NATE, V. i. To predominate. [Little used.] 

DOAI'I-Nx\-TED, pp. Ruled ; governed. 

DOAI'I-NA-TING, ppr. Ruling ; prevailing; predominating. 

DOAI-I-Na'TION, 77. [L. dominatio.] 1. The exercise of 
power in ruling ; dominion ; government. 2. Arbitrary 
authority ; tyranny. 3. One highly exalted in power ; or 
the fourth order of angelic beings. 

DOM'I-NA-TiVE, a. Governing ; also, imperious. Sandys. 

DOAI'I-NA-TOR, 77. 1. A ruler or niling power ; the presid- 
ing or predominant power. 2. An absolute governor. 

DOAI-T-NEER', 77 . 7 . [li. dominor.] 1. To rule over with 
insolence or arbitrary sway. 2. To bluster ; to hector ; to 
swell with conscious superiority, or haughtiness. 

DOAI-T-NEER', r. t. To govern. Walpole. 

DOAI-I-NEER'ING, ppr. 1. Ruling over with insolence ; 
blustering ; manifesting haughty superiority. 2. a. Over- 
bearing. 

DO-AHN'I-OAL, a. [Low L. dnminicalis.] ]. That notes 
the Lord’s day, or rabbath. The Dominical letter is the 
letter which, in almanacs, denotes the Sabbath, or dies' 
Domini, the Lord’s day. 2. Noting the prayer of our 
Lord. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, D, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


DOO 


271 


DOT 


DO-MIN'I-GAL, n. The Lord’s day. Hammond, ^ 

DO-.MIN'l-GAN, a. or «. [from Domiuic.] Dominicans, 
or I>omiiiican i’riars, are an order of religious or monks, 
called also Jacobins. 

DO-M IN i ON, n. [L. tZa/a/'/HM/n.] 1. Sovereign or supreme 
authority ; the j)o\ver of governing and controlling. 2. 
Tower to direct, control, use and dispose of at pleasure; 
right of possession a.nd use without being accountable..^ 3. 
Territory under a government; region ; country ; district 
governed, or within the limits of the authority of a prince 
or state. 4. Government ; right of governitig. 5. Pre- 
dominatjce ; ascendant. C. An order of angels. 7. Per- 
sons governed. 

DOM'I-NO, V. A kind of hood; a long dress; a masquerade 
dress ; a kind of play. 

Do'MITE, n. A mineral named from Dome, in France. 

DON. A title in Spain, formerly given to noblemen and 
gentlemen only, but now common to all classes. — Dona, 
or diicna, the leininine of don, is the title of a lady, in 
Spain and Portugal. 

t Don, V. t. [To do on.] To put on ; to invest with. - 

Do'NA-CTTE, n. A petrified shell of the genus donax. 

DO'NA-RY, n. [L. donarium.] A thing given to a sacred 
use. [Little 

D0-Na'T10N, n. \\^. donatio.] 1. The act of giving or be- 
stowing ; a grant. — '3. In laic, the act or contract by which 
a thing or the use of it is transferred to a person, or corpo- 
ration, as a free gift. 3. That which is given or bestow- 
ed ; that which is transferred to another gratuitously, or 
without a valuable consideration ; a gift ; a grant. 

Do'NA-TISM, or DON'A-TISM, n. The doctrines of the 
Donatists. 

Do'N A-TIST, or DON'A-TIST, n. One of the sect founded 
by Donatns. 

DON- A-TlI'TI^AL I Pertaining to Donatism. 

* Do'NA-TIV’’E, n. [Sp., Ital. donatiue.] 1. A gift ; a lar- 
gess ; a gratuity ; a present ; a dole. — 2. In the canon law, 
a benefice given and collated to a person, by the founder 
or patron, without either presentation, institution or in- 
duction by the ordinary. 

* Do'NA-TiVE, or DOxN'A-TiVE, a. Vested or vesting by 


donation. Blackstone. 

Done, (dun) pp. [See Do.] 1. Performed ; executed ; fin- 
ished. 2. A word by which agreement to a proposal is 
expressed ; as, in laying a wager, an offer being made, the 
nerson accepting or agreeing says, done. 

i ;6NE. The old infinitive of do. 

DO-NEE', n. [L. dono.] 1. The person to whom a gift or 
donation is made. 2. The person to whom lands or ten- 
ements are given or granted. 

DON'JON, or DON'GEON. See Dungeon. 

DON' KEY, 11 . An ass or mule used for riding. 

t DON'NAT, n. [do and naught.] An idle fellow. 

Do'NOR, 71. [L. dono.] 1. One who gives or bestows ; one 
who confers any thing gratuitously ; a benefactor. 2. 
One who grants an estate. 

TK)N'SIIIP, n. The quality of a gentleman or knight. 

DON'ZEL, 11 . [It.] A young attendant ; a page. Butler 

DOO'DLE, n. A trifler ; a simple fellow. 

DOOLE. See Dole. 


DOOM, v.t. [Sax. do77i.] 1. To judge; [unusual.] 2. To 
condemn to any punishment ; to consign by a uecree or 
sentence. 3. To pronounce sentence or judgment on. 
4. To command authoritatively. 5. To destine ; to fix 
irrevocably the fate or direction of. 6. To condemn, or 
to punish by a penalty. 

DOOM, V. t. To tax at discretion. J\''eio England. 

DOOM, [Sax. dom.] 1. Judgment ; judicial sentence. 
2. Condemnation ; sentence ; decree ; determination af- 
fecting the fate or future state of another ; usually, a de- 
termination to inflict evil, sometimes otherwise. 3. The 
state to which one is doomed, or destined. 4. Ruin ; de- 
struction. 5. Discrimination; [not used.] 

DOOM'AGE, n. A penalty or fine for neglect. JSTew Hamp- 
shire. 

DOOMED, (doomd) pp. Adjudged ; sentenced ; condemn- 
ed ; destined ; fated. 

DOOM'FIJL, a. Full of destruction. Drayton. 

DOOM'ING, ppr. Judging; sentencing; condemning; 
destining. 

DOOMS'DAY, n. [doom and day ] 1. The day of the final 
judgment ; the great day when all men are to be judged, 
and consigned to endless happiness or misery. Dryden. 
2. The day of sentence or condemnation. 

DOOMS'D AY-BOOK, or DoMES'DAY-BOOK, 71. A book 
compiled by order of William the Conqueror, containing 
a survey’ of all the lands in England. 

D(,)0MS'5IAN. Sec Domesman. 


DoOR, fdore) n. [Sax. dora, dur, dure.] 1. An opening or 
passage into a house, or other building, or into any room, 
apartment or closet, by wliich persons enter. 2. The 
frame of boards, or any piece of board or plank, that shuts 
the opening i f a house, or closes the entrance into an 


apartment or any inclosure, and usually turning on 
hinges. — 3. \n familiar language, n. house; often in the 
plural, doors. 4. Entrance. Dryden. 5. Avenue ; pas- 
sage ; means of approach or access. — To lie at the doo^, in 
a. fguraticc sense, is to be imputable or chargeable to one. 
— Si'ext door to, near to ; bordering on. — In doors, within 
the house ; at home. 

DoOR'-CASE, 11 . The frame which incloses a door, 
t DoOR'lNG, n. A door-case. Jlilton. 

DoOR'-KEEP-ER, n. A porter ; one who guards the en- 
trance of a house or apartment. 

DoOR'-NaIL, 71. The nail on which the knocker formerly 
struck • 

DoOR'-PoST, 77. The post of a door. 

DoOR'-STEAD, n. Entrance or place of a door. 

DOQ'UET, (dok'et) 11 . A warrant ; a paper granting li- 
cense. See Docket. 

DOR, or DORR, 11 . The name cf the black beetle, or the 
heclge-chafer. 

DO-Ra'DO, 77. [Sp. dorado.] I. A southern constellation, 
containing six stars. 2. A large fish resembling tJie dolphin. 
DO-REE', 77. A fish of the genus zeus. 

Do'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Doris in Greece. 

DOR'IC, a. In general, pertaining to Doris, or the Dorians, 
in Greece. — In architecture, noting the second order of 
columns, between the Tuscan and Ionic. 

DOR'I-CISM, or DO'RfSM, n. A phrase of the Doric dialect. 
DOR’MAN-CY, 77 . Quiescence. Horsley. 

DOR'MANT, a. [Fr. dormir.] 1. fc^leeping ; hence, at rest j 
not in action. 2. Being in a sleeping posture. 3. Neg- 
lected ; not used. 4. Concealed ; not divulged ; private; 
[ 77 77 770-7777/.] 5. Leaning ; inclining ; not perpendicular. 

DOR'MAr"^’ I ^ ^ sleeper. 

DOR 'MAR, 1 77. A window in the roof of a 

DOR'M AR-WIN'DoW, j house, or above the entablature. 
DOR'MI-TIVE, 77. [L. dorinio.] A medicine to promote 
sleep ; an opiate. Jlrbuthnot, 

DOR'MI-TO-RY, 77. [Li. dormitorium.] 1. A place, building 
or room to sleep in. 2. A gallery in convents, divided into 
several cells, where the religious sleep. 3. A burial-place. 
DOR'MOUSE, 77. / plu. Dormice. An animal of the mouse 
kind. 

DORN, 77. [G. dorn.] A fish. Carew. 

DOR'NIC, 77. A species of linen cloth ; also linsey-woolsey, 
t Do'RON, 77. [Gr. iwpov.] 1. A gift ; a present. 2. A 
measure of three inches. 

DORP, 77 . [G. dorfj D. dorp.] A small village. 

DORR. See Dor. 

t DORR, V. t. To deafen with noise, 
t DOR'RER, 77. A drone. 

DOR'SAL, a. [L. dorsum..] Pertaining to the back. 

DORSE, 77. A canopy. Sutton. 

DOR'SEL. See Dosser. 

DOR-SIF'ER-OUS, 1 a. In botany, bearing or producing 
DOR-SIP'AR-OUS, ^ seeds on the back of their leaves. 
DOR'SUM, 77. [L.] The ridge of a hill. Walton, 
t DOR'TURE, 77. A dormitory. Bacon. 

DOSE, 77 . [Fr. dose.] 1. The quantity of medicine given or 
prescribed to be taken at one time. 2. Any thing given 
to be swallowed ; any thing nauseous, that one is obliged 
to take. 3. A quantity ; a portion. 4. As much as a man 
can swallow. 

DOSE, V. t. [Fr. do5e7*.] 1. To propr.ri’on a medicine prop- 
erly to the patient or disease ; to form into suitable doses. 
2. To give in doses ; to give medicine or physic. 3. To 
give any thing nauseous. 

DOS'SER, 77. [Fr. do.‘fS7tr.] A pannier, or basket, to be 
carried on the shoulders of men. 

DOS'S IL, 77. In surgery, a pledget or portion of lint made 
into a cylindric form, or the shape of a date. 

Dost, (dust) The second person of do, used in the solemn 
St vie ; thou dost. 

DOT, II. A small point or spot, made with a pen or other 
pointed instrument ; a speck ; used in marking a writing 
or other thing. 

DOT, v.t. 1. To mark with dots. 2. To mark or diversify 
with small detached objects. 

DOT, V. i. To make dots or spots. 

Do'Ty\GE, 77. 1. Feebleness or imbecility of understanding 
or mind, particularly in old age ; childishness of old age. 
2. A doting ; excessive fondness. 3. Deliriousness. 

Do TAL, a. [Li. dotaJis.] Pertaining to dowei, or a wo- 
man’s marriage portion ; constituting dower or comprised 
in it. 

Do'TARD, 77. I. A man whose intellect is impaired by age ; 
one in his second childhood. 2. A doting fellow ; one 
foolishly fond. 

Do'TARD-LY, a. Like a dotard ; weak. More. 
DO-Ta'TION, 77. [L.dotatio.] 1. The act of endowing, or 
of bestowing a marriage portion on a woman. 2. Endow- 
ment ; establishment of funds for support ; as of a hospital 
or eleemosynary corporation. 

DOTE, V. i. [D. dutten.] 1. To be delirious ; to have the 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BULL, UNITE. — C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


DOU 


272 


DOU 


Intellect impaired by age, so tliat the mind wanders or 
wavers ; to be silly. 2. To be excessively in love. 3. 
To decay. 

DOTE, u, i. To decay ; to wither j to impair. 

DoT'ED, a. STupid. Spenser. 

DoT/Eil, n, 1. One who dotes ^ a man Whose understand- 
ing is enfeebled by age ; a dotard. 2. One who is exces- 
sively fond, or weakly in love. 

Doth, (duth) The third person irregular of do, used in the 
solemn style. 

DoTHNG, ppr. Regarding with excessive fondness. 

DoT'iNG-LV, ado. By excessive fondness. Dryden. 

DuT TARD, n. A tree kept low by cutting. Bacon. 

DOT TED, pp. 1. Marked with dots or small spots ; diver- 
sified vvicii small detached objects. — 2. In botany^ sprinkled 
with hollow dots or poin*;s. 

DOT TER-EL, n. The name of different species of fowls, 
of the genus charadr'ms and the grallic order. 

DOT'TlxVG, ppr. Marking with dots or spots j diversifying 
with small detached objects. 

DoU-A-NIeR', n. [Fr.l An officer of the customs. Gray. 

DOUBHjE, (dub'l) a. [Fr. double.] 1. Two of a sort to- 
gether j one corresponding to the other ; being in pairs. 
2. Twice as much j containing the same quantity or 
length repeated. 3. Having one added to another. 4. 
Twofold j also, of two kinds. 5. Two in number. 6. 
Deceitful j acting two parts, one openly, the other in 
S6Cr6t« 

DOHB'LE, (dubd) adv. Twice. Swift. 

DOUB'LE, in composition, denotes two ways, or twice the 
number or quantity. 

DOUB'LE-BANKED, a. In seamanship, having two oppo- 
site oars managed by rowers on the same bench. 

DOUB'LE-BTT'ING, a. Biting or cutting on either side. 

DOLTB'LE-BUT'TONED, a. Having two rows of buttons. 

DOUB'LE-CHAR6E, v. t. To charge or intrust with a 
double porHon. 

DOHB'LE-DeAL'ER, n. One who acts two different parts, 
in the same business, or at the same time ; a deceitful, 
trickish person ; one who says one thing, and thinks or 
intends another j one guilty of duplicity. 

DOUB'LE-DeAL ING, n. Artifice; duplicity; deceitful 
practice ; the profession of one thing and the practice of 
another. 

DOUB LE-DYE, V. t. To dye twice over. Dryden. " 

DOIJB'LE-EDGED, a. Having two edges. 

DOUB'LE-EX-TEN'DRE, (doo bl-on-tan'dr) n. [Fr.] Double 
meaning of_a word or expression. 

DOLTB'LE -Eyed, a. Having a deceitful countenance. 

DOUB'LE-FACE, n. Duplicity ; the acting of different parts 
in the same concern. 

DOUB'LE-FaCED, a. Deceitful ; hypocritical ; showing 
two faces. Milton. 

DOUB'LE-FORMED, a. Of a mixed form. Milton. 

DOUB^LE-FOR'Tl-FIED, a. Twice fortified ; doubly 
strengthened. 

DOUB'LE-FOHNT'ED, a. Having two sources. Milton. 

DOUB LE-GILD, v. t. To gild with double coloring. Shak. 

DOUB'LE-HAND'ED, a. Having two hands ; deceitful. 

DOUB'EE-HEAD'ED, a. 1. Having two heads. 2. Having 
the flowers growing one to another. Mortimer. 

DOUB LE-HEART'ED, a. Having a false heart ; deceitful ; 
treacherous. 

DOUB'LE-LOGK, v. t. To shoot the bolt twice ; to fasten 
witli double security. Taller. 

DOUB'LE-MANNED, a. Furnished with twice the com- 
plement of men, or with two men instead of one. 

DOUB'LE-MeANHNG, a. Having two meanings. 

DOUB'LE-MIND/ED, a. Having different minds at differ- 
ent times ; unsettled ; wavering ; unstable ; undetermined. 

DOUB'LE-MOUTHED, a. Having two mouths. 

DOUB'LE-Na TURED, a. Having a two fold nature. 

DOUB'LE-OG'TAVE, v. In music, an interval composed 
of two octaves or fifteen notes in diatonic progression ; a 
fifteenth. 

DOUB'LE-PLeA, n. In laic, a plea in which the defend- 
ant alledges two different matters in bar of the action. 

DOUB'LE-CiUARHlEL, n. A complaint of a clerk to the 
archbishop against an inferior ordinary, for delay of justice. 

DOUB'LE-SH ADE, v. t. To double the natural darkness of 
a place. Milton. 

DOUB'LE-SHiN'ING, a. Shining with double lustre. 

DOUB'LE-THREAD'ED, a. Consisting of two threads 
twisted together. 

DOUB'LE-TbNGUED, a. Making contrary declarations on 
the same subject at different times ; deceitful. 

DOUB'LE, (dubl) v. t. [Fr. doubler.] 1. To fold. 2. To 
increase or extend by adding an equal sum, value, quan- 
tity or length. 3. To contain twice the sum, quantity or 
length, or twice as much. 4. To repeat ; to add. 5. To 
add one to another in the same order. — 6. In navigation, 
to double a cape or point, is to sail round it, so that the 
cape or point shall be between the ship and her former 
situation. — 7, In military affairs, to unite two ranks or 


files in one . — To double and twist, is to add one thread to 
another and twist them together. — To double upon, in 
tactics, is to inclose between two fires. 

DOUB'LE, V. i. 1. To increase to twice the sum, number, 
value, quantity or length ; to increase or grow to twice as 
much. 2. To enlarge a wager to twice the sum laid. 3 
To turn back or wind in running. 4. To play tricks ; to 
use sleights. 

DOUB'LE, n. 1. Twice as much ; twice the number, sum, 
value, quantity or length. 2. A turn in running to escape 
pursuers. 3. A trick ; a shift ; an artifice to deceive. 

DOUB'LED, (dub bid) pp. Folded; increased by adding an 
equal quantity, sum or value ; repeated ; turned or passed 
round. 

DOUB'LE-NESS, (dub'bl-nes) n. I. The state of being 
doubled. 2. Duplicity. 

DOUB'LER, n. 1. He that doubles. 2. An instrument for 
augmenting a very small quantity of electricity, so as to 
render it manifest by sparks or the electrometer. 

DOUB'LET, n. [Fr. doublet.] 1. The inner garment of a 
man ; a waistcoat or vest. 2. Two ; a pair. 3. Among 
lapidaries, a counterfeit' stone. 

DOUB'LETS, n. 1. A game on dice within tables. 2. The 
same number on both dice. 3. A double meaning. 

DOUB^LING, ppr. Making twice the sum, number or quan- 
tity ; repeating ; passing round ; turning to escape. 

DOUB'LING, n. The act of making double ; also, a fold ; 
a plait ; also, an artifice ; a shift. 

DOUB-LOON', n. [Fr. doublon ; Sp. doblon.] A Spanish 
and Portuguese coin, being double the value of the pistole. 

DOUB'LY, adv. In twice the quantity ; to twice the de- 
gree. 

DOUBT, (dout) v.i. [Fr. douter.] 1. To waver or fluctu- 
ate in opinion ; to hesitate ; to be in suspense ; to be in 
uncertainty, respecting the truth or fact; to be undeter- 
mined. 2. To ffear; to be apprehensive ; to suspect. 

DOUBT, (dout) v.t. I. To question, or hold questionable ; 
to withhold assent from ; to hesitate to believe. 2. To 
fear ; to suspect. 3. To distrust ; to withhold confidence 
from. 4. To fill with fear ; [o&5.] 

DOUBT, (dout) 71. ]. A fluctuation of mind respecting 
truth or propriety, arising from defect of knowledge or 
evidence ; uncertainty of mind ; suspense ; unsettled 
state of opinion. 2. Uncertainty of condition. 3. Suspi- 
cion ; fear; apprehension. 4. Difficulty objected. 5. 
Dread ; horror and danger ; [oZ>5.1 

DOUBT A-BLE, a. That may be doubted. Sherwpod. 

DOUBT'ED, pp. Scrupled ; questioned ; not certain or set- 
tled. 

DOUBT^ER, n. One who doubts ; one whose opinion is un- 
settled ; one who scruples. 

DOUBT'FUL, a. 1. Dubious ; not settled in opinion ; un- 
determined ; wavering; hesitating. 2. Dubious; ambig- 
uous ; not clear in its meaning. 3. Admitting of doubt ; 
not obvious, clear or certain ; questionable ; not decided. 
4. Of uncertain issue. 5. Not secure ; suspicious. 6. 
Not confident ; not without fear ; indicating doubt. 7. 
Not certain or defined. Milton. 

DOUBT'FUL-LY, adv. 1. In a doubtful manner; dubious- 
ly. 2. With doubt ; irresolutely. 3. Ambiguously ; with 
uncertainty of meaning. 4. In a state of dread ; [o6s.] 

DOUBT'FUL-NESS, n. 1. A state of doubt or uncertainty 
of mind ; dubiousness ; suspense ; instability of opinion. 
2. Ambiguity ; uncertainty of meaning. 3. Uncertainty 
of event or issue ; uncertainty of condition. 

DOUBTTNG, ppr. Wavering in mind ; calling in question ; 
hesitating. 

DOUBTTNG-LY, adv. In a doubting manner ; dubiously ; 
without confidence. 

t DOUBT'LESS, a. Free from fear of danger; secure. 

DOUBT'LESS, adv. Without doubt or question ; unques- 
tionably. 

DOUBTfLESS-LY, adv. Unquestionably. Beaumont. 

t DGU'CED, 71. [Fr. douce.] A musical instrument. 

t Dc)U'CET, n. [Fr.] A custard. 

DOU-CEuR^ (doo-sure'j or doo-saurt) n. [Fr.] A present 
or gift ; a bribe. 

D5UUINE, 72. [Fr.] A molding concave above and convex 
below ; a gula. 

DOUUK^ER, 71 . A fowl that dips or dives in water. 

DoUGH, (do) 71. [Sax. daA.] Paste of bread ; a mass com- 
posed of flour or meal moistened and kneaded, but not 
baked.— A/ t/ cake is dough, that is, my undertaking has 
not come to maturity. Shak. 

DoUGH'-BaKED, a. Unfinished; not hardened to perfec- 
tion ; soft- Donne. 

DoUGH'-KNeAP'ED, a. Soft ; like dough. Milton. 

DoUGH'-NUT, n. A small roundish cake, made of flour, 
eggs and sugar, moistened with milk and boiled in lard. 

DOUGH'TI-NESS, (dou'te-nes) n. Valor; bravery. 

DOUGH'TY, (dou'ty) a. [Sax. dohtig.] Brave valiant ; 
eminent ; noble ; illustrious. 

DfiUGH'Y, (do'y) a. Like dough ; soft ; yielding to pres- 
sure ; pale. 


^ See Synopsis, A, E, I, o, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


DOW 


273 


DRA 


DOUSE, V. t. 1. To tinust or plunge into water. — 2. In 
seamen’s langiiage, to strike or lower in haste , to slacken 
suddenly j as, douse tlje top-sail. 

DOUSE, V. i. To fall suddenly into water. Hadihras. 

DOUT, V. t. To put out ; to extinguish. S/iak. 

DOUT'Eil, n. An extinguisher for candles. 

DoU'ZeAV^E, (doo'zeve) n, [Ft. douie.'l In ?nu5ic, a scale 
of twelve degrees. 

D6VE, n. [Sax. daua.l 1. The oenas, or domestic pigeon, 
a species of cotiimba. 2. A word of endearment, or an 
emblem of innocence. 

DOV'E'-€OT, V. A small building or box in which domestic 
pigeons breed. 

DoV E’S— FOOT, n. A plant, a species of geranium. 

DoVE'-IIOOs’E, «. A house or shelter for7ioves. 

DOV'^E'LIKE, a. Resembling a dove. Milton. 

DoVE'SlIlP, 11 . The qualities of a dove. Hall. 

DoVE'-TAlL, 71. In carpentry^ the manner of fastening 
boards and timbers together by letting one piece into an- 
other in the form of a dove’s tail spread, or wedge re- 
versed. 

D6V"E -TAIL, V. t. To unite by a tenon in form of a 
pigeon’s tail spread, let into aboard or timber. 

Do VE'-TaILED, pp. United by a tenon in form of a dove’s 
tail. 

D6VE'-TaIL-IXG, ppr. Uniting by a dove-tail. 

t DoV'ISH, a. Like a dove ; innocent. 

i)OVVh\-BLE, a. That may be endow’ed ; entitled to dower. 

DOVV'A-GER, 11 . [Fr. douairiere.] A widow with a join- 
ture ; a title particularly given to the widows of princes 
and persons of rank. The wndow of a king is called queen 
dowager. 

DOVV'CETS, ??. The testicles of a hart or stag. 

DOW'DY, 11 . [Scot, daicdic.] An awkward, ill-dressed, in- 
elegant woman. Drijden. 

DOW'UY, a. Aw’kw’ard. Oay. 

DOW'ER, n. [VV. dated.] 1. That portion of the lands or 
tenements of a man, which his widow enjoys during her 
life, after the deatli of her husband. 2. The property 
which a woman brings to her husband in marriage. 3. 
The gift of a husband for a wife. 4. Endowment ; gift. 

DOVV'ERED, a. Furnished with dower, or a portion. 

DOVV'ER-LESS, a. Destitute of dower. Skak. 

DOW'ER-Y, or DOW'RY. A different spelling of dower, 
but little used. 

DOVV'Ij.YS, 11 . A kind of coarse linen cloth. Shak. 

f DOWLE, 77. A feather. Shak. 

DOVY^LY, a. Melancholy; sad; applied to persons ; lonely, 
to places. Orose. ATorth of England. Sometimes written 
and spoken, daly. 

DOWN, 71. [Sw. dun.] 1. The fine soft feathers of fowls, 
particularly of the duck kind. 2. 'i'he pubescence of 
plants, a fine hairy substance. 3. The pappus or little 
crown of certain seeds of plants ; a fine feathery or hairy 
substance, by which seeds are conveyed to a distance by 
the wind. 4. Any thing that soothes or mollifies. 

DOWN, 77. [Sax. dan.] 1. A bank or elevation of sand, 
thrown up by the sea. 2. A large open plain, primarily 
on elevated land. 

DOWN, prep. [Sax. dun, adun.] 1. Along a descent; from 
a higher to a lower place. 2. Toward the mouth of a 
river, or toward the place where water is discharged into 
the ocean or a lake. — Down the sound, in the direction of 
the ebb-tide towards the sea. — Down the country, towards 
the sea, or towards the part where rivers discharge their 
waters into the ocean. 

DOWN, ado. 1. In a descending direction ; tending from a 
higher to a lower place. 2. On the ground, or at the bot- 
tom. 3. Below the horizon. 4. In the direction from a 
higher to a lower condition. 5. Into disrepute or dis- 
grace. 6. Into subjection ; into a due consistence. 7. At 
length ; extended or prostrate, on the ground or on any 
flat surface. — Up and down, here and there ; in a rambling 
course. — Down with a building is a command to i)ull it 
down, to demolish it. — Down with him signifies, throw 
him. — It is often used by seamen ,• as, down with the fore 
sail, &c. 

DOWN, a. Downright; plain; dejected; as, a do7T77 look. 

DOWN'-BED, 77. A bed of down. 

DOWN'-€AST, a. Cast downward ; directed to the ground. 

t DOWiV-GXST, 11 . Sadness; melancholy looK. 

DOWN'CoME, 77. A fall of rain ; a fall in the market. 
Brackett. Provincial. 

DOWNED, a. Covered or stuffed with down. Young. 

DOWN'FALL, n. 1. A falling, or body of things falling. 
2. Ruin ; destruction ; a sudden fall, or ruin by violence, 
in distinction from slow decay or declension. 3. The 
sudden fall, depression or ruin of reputation or estate. 

DOWN'FALLEN, a. Fallen ; ruined. Carew. 

DOWN'OyVED, a. Hanging down like the loose cincture 
of fetters. Steecens. 

DOWN'-HAUL, 77. In seamen’s language, a rope passing 
along a stay, through the cringles of the stay-sail or jib. 

DOWN'HEART-ED, a. Dejected in spirits. 


DOWNflIILL, 77. Declivity ; descent ; slope. Dryden, 

DOWNflllLL, a. Declivous ; descending ; sloping. 

DOWN'LOOKEl), a. Having a downcast countenance; 
dejected ; gloomy ; sullen. 

DOVVN'LY-ING, n. The time of retii'ing to rest ; time of 
repose. 

DOWN'LY-ING, a. About to be in travail of childbirth. 
Johnson. 

DOWNTIIGIIT, adn. ]. Right down ; straight down ; per- 
pendicularly. 2. In plain terms ; without ceremony or 
circumlocution. 3. Completely; without stopping short. 

DOWN'RIGtlT, a. 1. Directly to the point; plain; opeii ; 
artless; undisguised. 2. Plain; artless; unceremonious; 
blunt. 

DOW^N'RiGHT-LY, adv. Plainly; in plain terms ; bluntly. 

DOWNflllGHT-NEyS, ii. Plainness ; absence of disguise. 
Gomersall. 

DOWN -SIT-TING, n. The act of sitting down; repose; 
a resting. 

DOWN'TROD, I a. Trodden down ; trampled down. 

DOWN'TROD-DEN, i Shak. 

DOWN'WARD, or DOWNAVARDS, adv. I. From a high- 
er place to a lower ; in a descending course, whether di- 
rectly toward the centre of the earth, or not. 2. In a 
course or direction from a head, spring, origin or source. 
3. In a cojirse of lineal descent from an ancestor, consid- 
ered as a head. 4. In the course of falling or descending 
from elevation or distinctioJi. 

DOWN'WARD, a. 1. Moving or extending from a higher 
to a lower place, as on a slope or declivity, or in the open 
air ; lending towards the earth or its centre. 2. Decliv- 
ous ; bending. 3. Descending from a head, origin or 
source. 4. 'Pending to a lower condition or state ; de- 
pressed ; dejected. 

DOWN'WEED, 77. Cottonweed, a downy plant. 

DOWN'Y, a. 1. Covered with down or nap. 2. Covered 
with pubescence or soft hairs, as a plant. 3. Made of 
down or soft feathers. 4. goft ; calm ; soothing. 5. Re- 
sembling down. 

DOWRE. The same as dowry. 

DOW'RY, 77. [See Dower.] 3 . The money, goods or estate 
which a woman brings to her husband in marriage ; the 
portion given with a wife 2. The reward paid for a 
wife. 3. A gift ; a fortune given. 

f DOWSE, V. t. [Sw. daska.] To strike on the face. 

I DOWST, 77.. A stroke. Beaumont. 

DOX-O-LOG'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to doxology ; giving 
praise to God. Howell. 

DOX-GL'O-GY, 77. [Gr. ^o|oXoy7a.] li\ Christian w or. ^hip,ti 
hymn in praise of tlie Almighty ; a particular form of giv- 
ing glory to God. 

DOX'Y, 77. [qu. Sw. docka.] A prostitute. Shak. 

DOZE, v.i. [Dan. f/dser.l 1. To slumber ; to sleep lightly. 
2. To live in a state of drowsiness ; to be dull, or half 
asleep. 

DOZE, V. t. To make dull ; to stupef}^ 

DoZ'EN, (duz'n) a. [Fr. douzaine.] Twelve in number; 
ajiplied to things of the same kind, but rarely or never to 
that number in the abstract. 

DoZ'EN, 77. The number twelve of things of a like kind. 

DoZ'ER, 77. Ojie that dozes or slumbers. 

DoZ'I-NESS, 77. Drowsiness; heaviness; inclination to 
Sl60p. 

DoZ'lNG, ppr. Slumbering. 

DoZ'lNG, 77. A slumbering ; sluggishness. Chesterfeld. 

DoZ'Y, a. Drowsy; heavy; inclined to sleep; sleepy; 
sluggish. Dryden. 

DRAB, 77 . [Sax. d/-«Z7Z7C.] 1. A strumpet ; a prostitute. Shak. 
2. A low, sluttisli woman. 3. A kind of wooden box, 
used in salt works for holding the salt when taken out of 
the boiling pans. 

DRAB, 77 . [Fr. drop.] A kind of thick woolen cloth. 

DRAB, a. Being of a dun color, like the cloth so called. 

DRAB, v.i. To associate with strumpets. Beaumont. 

DRAB'BTNG, ppr. Keeping company with lewd women. 

DRAB'BING, n. An associating with strumpets. Beaumont. 

DRAB'BI.E, V. t. To draggle; to make dirty by drawing in 
mud and water ; to wet and befoul. Mew England. 

DRAB'BLE, v. i. To fish for barbels with a long line. 

DRAB'BLING, a. Drawing in nmd or water; angling for 
barbels. 

DRAB BLTNG, n. A method of angling for barbels. 

DRAB'LER, ??. In seamen’s language, n small additional 
sail, sometimes laced to the bottom of a bonnet on a 
square sail. 

DRACHM. See Drachma, and Dram. 

DRACH'MA, 77 . [L.] 1. A Grecian coin, of the value of 
seven pence, three farthings, sterling, or nearly fourteen 
cents. 2. The eightJi part of an ounce, or sixty grains, or 
three scruples ; a weight used by apothecaries, hut usually 
written dram. 

DRX'CO, 77 . 1. In astronomy, a constellation of the nortnem 
hemisphere. 2. A luminous exhalation from marshy 
grounds. 3. A genus of animals of two species. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 

’’18 


DRA 


274 DRA 


DRA-€ON'TI€j a. [L. draco.'] In astronomy, belonging to 
that space of time in which the moon performs one entire 
revolution. 

DltA-€UN^€U-LUS, n. 1. In botany, a plant, a species of 
arum. — 2. In medicine, a long, slender worm, bred in the 
muscular parts of the arms and legs, called Ouinea worm. 

t DRAD, a. 'J’errible. This was also the old pret. of dread. 

DRAFF, 71. [D. draf, droef.] Refuse ; lees ; dregs ; the 
wash given to swine, or grains to cows ; waste matter. 
Dryden. 

DRAF'FISH, a. Worthless. 

DRAF'FY, a. Dreggy ; waste ; worthless. 

DRAFT, n. [corrupted from 1. A drawing. In 

this sense, draught is peihaps most common. 2. A draw- 
ing of men from a military band ; a selecting or detaching 
of soldiers from an army, or any part of it, or from a 
military post. 3. An order from one man to another di- 
recting the payment of money ; a bill of exchange. 4. A 
drawing of lines for a plan ; a figure described on paper ; 
delineation j sketch j plan delineated. 5. Depth of water 
necessary to float a ship. 6. A writing composed. See 
Draught. 

DRAFT, V. t. 1. To draw the outline ; to delineate. 2. To 
compose and write ; as, to draft a memorial or a lease. 
3. To draw men from a military band or post ; to select j 
to detach. 4. To draw men from any company, collec- 
tion or society. 

DRAFT'-HORSE, n. A horse employed in drawing, par- 
ticularly in drawing heavy loads, or in ploughing. 

DRAFT'-OX, n. An ox employed in drawing. 

DRAFT'ED, pp. Drawn ; delineated ; detached. 

DRAFTING, ppr. Drawing; delineating; detaching. 

DRAFTS, n. A game played on checkers. 

DRAG, V. t. [Sax. dragan.] 1. To pull ; to haul; to draw 
along the ground by main force ; applied particularly to 
drawing heavy things with labor, along the ground or 
other surface. 2. Te break land by drawing a drag or 

harrow over it ; to harrow. 3. To draw along slowly or 

heavily ; to draw any thing burdensome. 4. To draw 
along in contempt, as unworthy to be carried. 5. To pull 
or haul about roughly and forcibly. — In seamen's lan- 
guage, to drag an anchor, is to draw or trail it along the 
bottom when loosened, or when the anchor will not hold 
the ship. 

DRAG, n. i. 1. To hang so low as to trail on tlie ground. 

2. To fish with a drag. 3. To be drawn along ; as, the 

anchor drags. 4. To be moved slowly ; to proceed heav- 
ily. 5. To hang or grate on the floor, as a door. 

DRAG, n. 1. Something to be drawn along the ground, as 
a net or a hook. 2. A particular kind of harrow. 3. A 
car ; a low cart. — 4. In sea-language, a machine consist- 
ing of a sharp square frame of iron, encircled with a net. 
5. Whatever is drawn ; a boat in tow ; whatever serves 
to retard a ship’s way. 

DRAGGED, pp. Drawn on the ground ; drawn with labor 
or force ; drawn along slowly and heavily ; raked with a 
drag or harrow. 

DRAG'GING, ppr. Drawing on the ground ; drawing with 
labor or by force ; drawing slowly or heavily ; raking 
with a drag. 

DRAG'GLE, v. t. To wet and dirty by drawing on the 
ground or mud, or on wet grass ; to drabble. 

DRAG'GIjE, V. i. To be drawn on the ground ; to become 
wet or dirty by being drawn on the mud or wet grass. 

DRAG GLE-TAIL, n. A slut. Shertoood. 

DRAG'GLED, 'pp. Drawn on the ground ; wet or dirtied by 
being drawn on the ground or mire. 

DRAG'GLING, ppr. Drawing on the ground ; making dirty 
by drawing on the ground or wet grass. 

DRAG'MAN, ii. A fisherman that uses a drag-net. 

DRAG'-NET, n. A net to be drawn on the bottom of a river 
or pond for taking fish. Dryden. 

DRAG^O-MAN, DRoG'MAN, n. [It. dragomanno.] An in- 
terpreter ; a term in general use in the Levant and other 
parts of the East. 

DRAG'ON, n. [L. d?'aco.] 1. A kind of winged serpent 
much celebrated in the romances of the middle ages. 2. 
A fiery, shooting meteor, or imaginary serpent. 3. A 
fierce, violent person, male or female. 4. A constellation 
of the northern hemisphere. [See Draco.] — In Scripture, 
dragon seems sometimes to signify a large marine fish or 
serpent. 

DRAG44N, n. A genus of animals, the draco. 

DRAG'O-NET, n. 1. A little dragon. Spenser. 2. A fish 
with a slender round body. 

DRAC'ON-FISH, n. A species of trac/miU5. 

DRAG'ON-FLY, n. A genus of insects, the libella. 

DRAG'ON-ISH, a. In the form of a dragon ; dragonlike. 

DRAG'ON-LIKE, fl. Like a dragon ; fiery; furious. 

DRAG'ONfR, n. A genus of plants, the dracontium. 

DRAGOON’S— BLOOD, n. [Sax. dracan-blod.] A resinous 
substance, or red juice, extracted from the dracmna 
draco. 

DRAG'ON’S-HEAD, n. A genus of plants, the dracoceph- 


alum. — Dragon's Head and Tail, in astronomy, are the 
nodes of the planets. 

DRAG'OX-SHELL, n. A species of concamerated patella 
or limpet. 

DRAG'ON’S-WA'TER, 71. A plant, the African arum. 

DRAG'ON’S-WoRT, n. A plant, a species of artemisia. 

DRAG'ON-TREE, n. A species of palm. 

DRA-GOON', n. [Fr. dragon.] A soldier or musketeer who 
serves on horseback or on foot, as occasion may require. 
Their arms are a sword, a musket and a bayonet. 

DRA-GOOJN', V. t. 1. To persecute by abandoning a place 
to the rage of soldiers. 2. To enslave or reduce to subjec- 
tion by soldiers. 3. To harass ; to persecute ; to compel 
to submit by violent measures ; to force. 

DRAG-OON-aDE', n. The abandoning of a place to the 
rage of soldiers. Burnet. 

DRA-GOON'ED, (dra-goond') pp. Abandoned to the vio- 
lence of soldiers; persecuted; harassed. 

DRA-GOOJX'ING, ppr. Abandoning to the rage of soldiers ; 
persecuting ; harassing ; vexing. 

fDRAlL, 77. t. To trail. More. 

f DRAIL, V. i. To draggle. South. 

DRAIN, t;. t. [Sax. drehnigean.] 1. To filter; to cause to 
pass through some porous substance. 2. To empty or 
clear of liquor, by causing the liquor to drop or run ofi' 
slowly. 3. To make dry ; to exhaust of water or other 
liquor, by causing it to flow oft' in channels, or through 
porous substances. 4. To empty ; to exhaust ; to draw 
off gradually. 

DRAIN, V. i. 1. To flow off gradually. 2. To be emptied 
of liquor by flowing or dropping ; as, let the vessel stand 
and drain ,■ let the cloth hang and drain. 

DRAIN, n. A channel through which water or other liquid 
flows off; particularly, a trench or ditch to convey water 
from wet land ; a water-course ; a sewer; a sink. 

DRAIN' A-BLE, a. Capable of being drained. Sherwood. 

DRaIN'AGE, n. A draining ; a gradual flowing off of any 
liquid. 

DRAINED, pp. Emptied of water or other liquor by a grad- 
ual discharge, flowing or dropping ; exhausted ; drawn off. 

DRaIN'ING, ppr. Emptying of water or other liquor by fil- 
tration or flowing in small channels. 

DRAKE, n. [G. enterich."] 1. The male of the duck kind. 
2. [L. draco, dragon.] A small piece of artillery. 3. The 
drake-fiy. 

DRAM, n. [contracted from drachma.] 1. Among drug- 
gists and physicians, a weight of the eighth part of an 
ounce, or sixty grains. — In avoirdupois weight, the six- 
teenth part of an ounce. 2. A small quantity. 3. As 
much spirituous liquor as is drank at once. Swift, 4. 
Spirit ; distilled liquor. 

DRAM, V. i. To drink drams ; to indulge in the use of ar- 
dent spirit. [A low word.] 

DRAM'-DRINK-ER, n. One who habitually drinks spirits. 

*DRA'MA, or DRA'MA, n. [Gr. ^papa.] A poem or compo- 
sition representing a picture of human life, and accommo- 
dated to action. The principal species of the drama are 
tragedy and comedy ; inferior species are tragi-comedy, 
opera, &c. 

DRA-MAT'I€, 'la. Pertaining to the drama ; represent- 

DRA-MATTC-AL, | ed by action ; theatrical ; not narra- 
tive. 

DR A-MATTC-AL-LY, adv. By representation ; in the man- 
ner of the drama. Dryden. 

DRAM'A-TIST, n. The author of a dramatic composition ; 
a writer of plays. Burnet. 

DRAM'A-TIZE, v. t. To compose in the form of the drama ; 
or to give to a composition the form of a play, 

DRANK, pret. and pp. of drink. 

DRANK, n. A term for wild oats. Encyc. 

f DRAPE, V. t. [Fr. draper.] To make cloth ; also, to ban- 
tej. 

DRa'PER, 71. [Fr. drapier.] One who sells cloth ; a dealer 
in cloths. 

DRa'PER-Y, n. [Fr. draperie.] 1. Clothwork ; the trade 
of making cloth. 2. Cloth ; stuffs of wool. — 3. In sculp- 
ture and painting, the representation of the clothing or 
dress of human figures ; also, tapestry, hangings, cur- 
tains, &:c. 

tDRA'PET, 71. Cloth; coverlet. 

DRAS'TIC, a. [Gr. ^paariKog.] Powerful ; acting with 
strength or violence ; efficacious. 

DRAUGH. See Draff. 

DRAUGHT, (draft) n. 1. The act of drawing. 2. The 
quality of being drawn. 3. The drawing of liquor into 
the mouth and throat ; the act of drinking. 4. 1'he quan- 
tity of liquor drank at once. 5. The act of delineating, or 
that which is delineated ; a representation by lines, as the 
figure of a house, a machine, a fort, &c., described on pa- 
per. 6. Representation by picture ; figure painted or 
drawn by the pencil. 7. The act of drawing a net ; a 
sweeping for fish. 8. That which is taken by sweeping 
with a net. 9. The drawing or bending of a bow' ; the 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, tj, Y, Zo/i^r.—FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete. 


DRA 


275 DRE 


;vct of shooting with a bow and arrow. 10. The act of 
drawing men from a military band, army or post; also, 
the forces drawn; a detachment. [See JIraft.] Jl. A 
sink or drain. Matt. xv. 12. An order for the payment 
of money ; a bill of exchange. [See Draft.] J3. The 
depth of water necessary to lioat a ship, or the depth a 
ship sinks in water, especially when laden. 14. In Eng- 
land^ a small allowance on weighable goods, made by the 
king to the importer, or by the seller to the buyer, to in- 
sure full weight. 15. A sudden attack or drawing on an 
enemy. 16. A writing composed. 17. i7r a /its, a kind 
of game resembling chess. 

DRAUGHT, (driift) v.t. To draw out; to call forth. See 
Draft. 

DRAUGHT'-HOOKS, n. Large hooks of iron fixed on the 
cheeks of a cannon carriage, two on each side. 

DRAUGHT'-HOllSE, n. A horse used in drawing a 
plough, cart or other carriage, as distinguished from a 
saddle-horse, 

DRAUGHT'-HOUSE, 71. A house for the reception of filth 
or waste matter. 

DRAUGHTShMAN, (driiftshnan) 77. 1. A man who draws 
waitings or designs, or one who is skilled in such dra\v- 
ings. 2. One who drinks drams ; a tippler. 

t DRAVE. The old participle of drive ; now drove. 

DRAW, V. t. ; pret. drew ; pp. drawn. [Sax. dragon ; L. 
t/-rt/7(7.] 1. To pull along ; to haul ; to cause to move for- 

ward by force applied in advance of the thing moved, or 
at the fore-end, as by a rope or chain. 2. To pull out ; to 
unsheathe. Hence, to draio the sword, is to wage war. .“3. 
To bring by compulsion ; to cause to come. 4. To pull 
up or out ; to raise from any depth. 5. To suck. 6. To 
attract ; to cause to move or tend towards itself. 7. To 
attract ; to cause to turn towards itself ; to engage. 8. To 
inhale ; take air into the lungs. 9. To pull or take from 
a spit. 10. To take from a cask or vat ; to cause or to 
suffer a liquid to run out. 11. To take a liquid from the 
body; to let out. 12. To take from an oveti. 13. To 
cause to slide, as a curtain, either in closing or unclosing ; 
to open or unclose and discover, or to close and conceal. 
14. To extract. 15. To produce ; to bring, as an agent or 
efficient cause. 16. To move gradually or slowly ; to 
extend. 17. To lengthen ; to extend in length. 18. To 
utter in a lingering manner, 19. To run or extend, by 
marking or forming. 20. To represent by lines drawn on 
a plain surface ; to form a picture or image. 21. To de- 
scribe ; to represent by words. 22. To represent in fan- 
cy ; to image in the mind. 23. To derive ; to have or re- 
ceive from some source, cause or donor. 24. To deduce. 
25. To allure ; to entice ; to lead by persuasion or moral 
influence ; to excite to motion. 26. To lead, as a motive ; 
to induce to move. 27. To induce ; to persuade ; to at- 
tract towards. 28. To win ; to gain. S/iak. 29. To re- 
ceive or take, as from a fund. 30. To bear; to produce. 
31. To extort ; to force out. 32. To wrest; to distort. 

33. To compose ; to write in due form ; to form in writing. 

34. To take out of a box or wheel, as tickets in a lottery. 

35. To receive or gain by drawing. 36. To extend ; to 
stretch. 37. To sink into the water ; or to require a cer- 
tain depth of water for floating. 38. To bend. 39. To 
eviscerate ; to pull out the bowels. 40. To withdraw ; 
[not used.'] Shak. 

To draw back, to receive back, as duties on goods for ex- 
portation. — To draw in. 1. To collect; to apply to any 
purpose by violence. 2. To contract ; to pull to a smaller 
compass ; to pull back. 3. To entice, allure or inveigle. 
— To draw off- 1. To draw from or away ; also, to with- 
draw ; to abstract. 2. To draw or take from ; to cause to 
flow from. 3. To extract by distillation. — To draio on. 

1. To allure ; to entice ; to persuade or cause to follow. 

2. To occasion; to invite; to bring on; to cause. — To 
draw over. 1. To raise, or cause to come over, as in a 
still. 2. To persuade or induce to revolt from an oppos- 
ing party, and to join one’s own party. — To draw out. 1. 
To lengthen ; to stretch by force ; to extend. 2. To beat 
or hammer out ; to extend or spread by beating, as a met- 
al. 3. To lengthen in time ; to protract ; to cause to con- 
tinue. 4. To cause to issue forth ; to draw off ; as liquor 
from a cask. 5. To extract, as the spirit of a substance. 
6. To bring forth ; to pump out by questioning or address ; 
to cause to be declared or brought to light. 7. To induce 
by motive ; to call forth. 8. To detach ; to separate from 
the main body. 9. To range in battle ; to array in a line. — 
To draw together, to collect or be collected. — 'To draw up. 
1. To raise ; to lift ; to elevate. 2. To form in order of 
battle ; to array. 3, To compose in due form, as a writ- 
ing ; to form in writing. 

DRAW, V. i. 1. To pull ; to exert strength in drawing. 2. 
To act as a weight. 3. To shrink ; to contract into a 
sfhaller compass. 4. To move ; to advance. 5. To be 
filled or inflated with wind, so as to press on and advance 
a ship in her course. 6. To unsheathe a sword. 7. To 
use or practice the art of delineating figures. 8. To col- 
lect the matter of an ulcer or abscess ; to cause*to suppu- 


rate ; to excite to inflammation, maturation and dis- 
charge. 

To draw back. 1. To retire ; to move back ; to withdraw. 
2. T. o renounce the faith ; to apostatize.— 7^0 draw near 
or nigh, to approacli ; to come near.— 7’a draw off, to re- 
tire ; to retreat. — To draio on. 1. To advance - to ap- 
proach. 2. To gain on ; to approach in pursuit.’ 3. To 
demand payment by an order or bill, called a draught.— 
To draw up, to form in regular order. 

DRAW, 77. 1. Tlie act of drawing. 2. The lot or chance 
drawn. 

DRAW'A-BLE, a. That may be drawn. More. 

DRAW'BAGK, n. Money or an amount paid back or remit- 
ted. — 2. In ^popular sense, any loss of advantage, or de- 
duction from profit. 

DRAW'-BRIDGE, n. A bridge which may be drawn up or 
let down to admit or hinder communication. 

DRAW'-JN’ET, 77. A net for catching the larger sorts of 
fowls, made of pack-thread, with wide meshes. 

DRAW'-IV'ELL, n. A deej) well, from which water is 
drawn by a long cord or pole. 

DRAW'EE, 77. The person on whom an order or bill of ex- 
change is drawn ; the payer of a bill of exchange. 

DRAW 'ER, 77. 1. One who draws or pulls ; one who takes 
water from a well ; one who draws liquors from a cask. 
2. That which draws or attracts, or has the power of at- 
traction. 3. lie who draws a bill of exchange or an order 
for the payment of money. 4. A sliding box in a case or 
table, which is drawn at pleasure. 5. Drawers, in the 
plural, a close, under garment, worn on the lower limbs. 

DRAW'ING, ppr. Bulling; hauling; attracting; delineat- 
ing. ^ 

DRAW^'ING, n. 1. The act of pulling, hauling or attracting. 
2. The act of representing the appearance or figures of ob- 
jects on a plain surface, by means of lines and shades, as 
with a pencil, crayon, pen, compasses, &c. ; delineation. 

DRAWflNG-MAS'TER, n. One who teaches the art of 
drawing. 

DRAW’^'ING-ROOM, n. 1. A room appropriated for the re- 
ception of company ; a room in which distinguished per- 
sonages hold levees, or private persons receive parties. 

2. The company assembled in a drawing room. 

DRAWL, V. t. [D. draalen.] To utter words in a slow, 

lengthened tone. 

DRAW^L, V. i. To speak with slow utterance. 

DRAWL, 77. A lengthened utterance of the voice. 

DRAWL ING, ppr. Uttering words slowly. 

DRAWiV, pp. J. Pulled; hauled; allured; attracted; de- 
lineated ; extended ; extracted ; derived ; deduced ; 
written. 2. Equal, where each party takes his own 
stake. 3. Having equal advantage, and neither party a 
victory. 4. With a sword drawn. 5. Moved aside, as a 
curtain ; unclosed, or closed. 6. Eviscerated. 7. In- 
duced, as by a motive. — Drawn and quartered, drawn on 
a sled, and cut into quarters. 

DRAY, 77. [Sax. dreege.] 1. A low cart or carriage on 
wheels, drawn by a horse. 2. A sled. 

DRaY'-€ART, 77. A dray. 

DRaY'-HORSE, 77. A horse used for drawing a dra3^ 

DRaY'-MAN, 77. A man who attends a dray. 

DRa Y'-PLOUGH, 77. A particular kind of plough. 

DRAZ'EL, (draz'l) n. A dirty woman; a slut. [This is a 
vulgar word ; in Mew England pronounced droz'L] 

DREAD, (dred) n. [Sax. drwd.] 1. Great fear or apprehen- 
sion of evil or danger. 2. Awe ; fear united with respect. 

3. Terror. 4. The cause of fear; the person or the thing 
dreaded. 

DREAD, (dred) a. Exciting great fear or apprehension. 
Shak. 2. Terrible; frightful. Shak. 3. Awful; venera- 
ble in the highest degree. 

DREAD, (dred) v. t. To fear in a great degree. 

DREAD, V. i. To be in great fear. 

DREAD' A-BLE, a. That is to be dreaded. 

DREAD'ED, 27j7. Feared. 

DREAD'ER, n. One that fears, or lives in fear. Swift. 

DREAD'FUL, (dred'ful) 77. L Impressing great fear ; terri- 
ble ; formidable. 2. Awful ; venerable. 

DREAD'FLJL-LY, ado. Terribly ; in a manner to be dread- 
ed. 

DREAD'FUL-NESS, 77. Terribleness; the quality of being 
dreadful ; frightfulness. 

DREAD'LESS, a. Fearless; bold ; not intimidated; un- 
daunted ; free from fear or terror ; intrepid. 

DREAD'LESS-NESS, n. Fearlessness ; undauntedness ; 
freedom from fear or terror ; boldness. 

DRkAM, 77. [D. droom.) 1 . The thought or series of 
thoughts of a person m sleep. — 2. In Scripture, dreams 
were sometimes impressions on the minds of sleeping per- 
sons, made by divine agency. 3. A vain fancy ; a wild 
conceit; an unfounded suspicion. 

DReAM, V. i. ; pret. dreamed, or dreamt. [D. droomen.] L 
To have ideas or images in the mind, in the state of sleep. 
2. To think ; to imagine. 3. To think idly. 4. To be 
sluggish ; to waste time in vain thoughts. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


DRI 


276 


DRI 


DRkAM, 11 . t. To see in a dream. Dryden. 

DilKAiVI'ER, w. 1. One who dreams. 2. A fanciful man ; 
a visionary ; one wJio forms or entertains vain schemes. 
3._A man lost in wild imagination; a mope ; a sluggard. 

DRF.AM'FIJL, a. Full of dreams. Johnson. 

DRkAM' IJS'G, ppr. Having thoughts or ideas in sleep. 

DRkAM'ING-LY, adv. Sluggishly ; negligently. Huloet. 

DRkAM'LESS, a. Free from dreams. Camden. 

DREAMT, (dremt) pp. From dream. 

t DReAR, n. Dread ; dismalness. Spenser. 

DREAR, a. [Sax. dreoriir.] Dismal ; gloomy with solitude. 

t DReAR'I-HEAD, n. Dismalness; gloominess. Spenser. 

DReAR'I-LY, adc. Gloomily ; dismally. Spenser. 

t DR eAR'I-MENT, 7J. Disinalness ; terror. 

DRlcAR'I-NESS, ??. Dismalness; gloomy solitude. 

DReAR'Y, a. [Sax. dreorig.] 1. Dismal; gloomy. 2. 
Sorrowful ; distressing. 

DREDGE, n. [Fr. drege.] 1. A dragnet for taking oysters, 
&c. 2. A mixture of oats and barley sown together. 

DREDGE, V. t. To take, catch or gather with a dredge. 

DREDGE, V. t. To sprinkle dour on roast meat. 

DREDG'ER, n. One who fishes with a dredge ; also, an 
utensil for scattering flour on meat while roasting. 

DREOG'ING-BOX^?i. A box used for dredging meat. 

DREDG'ING-MA-CHINE , n. An engine used to take up 
mud or gravel from the bottom of rivers, docks, &c. 

fDHEE, ZJ. t. [Sax. dreah.] To suffer. Ray. 

DREE, a. Long in continuance ; tedious. JVorth of Eng- 
land. 

DREG-GI-NESS, n. Fullness of dregs or lees ; foulness ; 
fcciilcncB* 

DREG'GISH, a. Full of dregs ; foul with lees ; feculent. 

DREG'G Y, a. Containing dregs or lees ; consisting of dregs ; 
foul ; muddy ; feculent. 

DREGS, n. plu. [Sw. dragg.] 1. The sediment of liquors ; 
lees ; grounds ; feculence ; any foreign matter of liquors 
that subsides to the bottom of a vessel. 2. Waste or 
worthless matter ; dross ; sweepings ; refuse. 

DREIN. See Drain. 

DRENCH, V. t. [Sax. drcncean.] 1. To wet thoroughly ; 
to soak ; to fill or cover with water or other liquid. 2. To 
saturate with drink. 3. To purge violently. 

DRENCH, n. A draught ; a swill ; also, a portion of medi- 
cine to purge a beast, particularly a horse. 

DRENCHED, pp. Eoaked ; thoroughly wet; purged with a 
dose. 

DRENCH'ER, n. One who wets or steeps ; one who gives 
a drench to a beast. 

DRENCH'ING, ppr. Wetting thoroughly; soaking; pur- 
^ 111 ^ • 

fDRENT, pp. Drenched. Spenser. 

DRESS, V. t. ; pret. and pp. dressed^ or drest. [Fr. dresser.'] 
]. To make straight or a straight line ; to adjust to a right 
line. 2. To adjust ; to put in good order. 3. To put in 
good order, as a wounded limb ; to cleanse a wound, and 
to apply medicaments. 4. To prepare, in a general 
sense ; to {mt in the condition desired ; to make suitable 
or fit. 5. To curry, rub and comb. 6. To put the body 
in order, or in a suitable condition ; to put on clothes. 7. 
To put on rich garments ; to adorn ; to deck ; to embel- 
lish. — To dress up, is to clothe pompously or elegantly. 

DRESS, V. i. 1. To arrange in a line. 2. To pay particular 
regard to dress or raiment. 

DRESS, n. 1. 3’hat which is used as the covering or orna- 
ment of the body ; clothes ; garments ; habit. 2. A suit 
of clothe-?. 3. Splendid clotlies ; habit of ceremony. 4. 
Skill in adjusting dress, or the practice of wearing elegant 
clothing. 

DRESSED, pp. Adjusted; made straight; put in order; 
prepared; trimmed; tilled; clothed; adorned; attired. 

DRESS'ER, n. 1 . One who dresses ; one who is employed 
in putting on clothes and adorning another; one who is 
employed in preparing, trimming or adjusting any thing. 
2. [Fr. dressoir.] A side-board ; a table or bench on 
which meat and other things are dressed or prepared for 

UrW. 

DRESS'ING, ppr. Adjusting to a line; putting in order; 
preparing; clothing; embellishing; cultivating. 

DRESS'ING, 71. 1. Raiment; attire. B. Jonson. 2. That 
which is used as an application to a wound or sore. 3. 
That which is used in preparing land for a crop ; manure 
spread over land. — 4. In popular langziage, correction ; a 
flos^ging, or beating. 

DREG;rVING-ROO]\I, ??. An appartment appropriated for 
dreasimr the person. 

DRE£^S'-Ma-KER, n. A maker of gowns, or similar gar- 
ments ; a mantua-rnaker. 

DRESS'Y, a. ^howy in dress; wearing rich or showy 
d resses. 

DREST, pp. of dress. 

DREuL, V. i. To emit saliva ; to suffer saliva to issue and 
flow down from the mouth, 

DRIB, V. t. To crop or cut off; to defiilcate. Dryden. 

DRIB, n. A drop. Sicift. 


DRIB'BLE, V. i. 1. To fall in drops or small drops, or in a 
quick succession of drops. 2. To slaver as a child or an 
idiot. 3. To fall weakly and slowly. 

DRIB'BLE, V. t. To throw down in drops. Swift. 

DRIB'BLET, n. [W. rhib.] A small piece or part ; a small 
sum ; odd money in a sum. 

DRIB'BLING, ppr. Falling in drops or small drops. 

DRIB'BLING, n. A falling in drops. 

DRIED, pp. of dry. Free from moisture or sap. 

DRI'ER, 71 . That which has the quality of drying ; that 
which may expel or absorb moisture ; a desiccative. 

DRIFT, n. [Dan. drift.] 1. That widch is driven by wind 
or water. 2. A heap of any matter driven together. 3. 
A driving ; a force impelling or urging forward ; impulse ; 
overbearing power or influence. 4. Course of any thing ; 
tendency; aim; main force. 5. Any thing driven by 
force, b. A shower ; a number of things driven at once. 
— 7. In mining, a passage cut between sliaf^ and shaft ; a 
passage within the earth. — 8. In 7iavigation, the angle 
which the line of a ship’s motion makes with the nearest 
meridian, when she drives with her side to the wind and 
waves. 9. The di'ift of a current is its angle and velocity. 

DRIFT, V. i. 1. To accumulate in heaps by the force of 
wind ; to be driven into heaps. 2. To float or be driven 
along by a current of water. 

DRIFT, V. t. To drive into heaps. 

DRIFT'ED, pp. Driven along ; driven into heaps. 

DRIFTING, ppr. Driving by force ; driving into heaps. 

DRIFT'-SAIL, n. In navigation, a sail used under water, 
veered out right ahead by sheets. 

DRIFT'-WAY, 71. A common way for driving cattle in. 

DRIFT'-WIND, n. A driving wind ; a wind that drives 
things into heaps. 

DRILL, V. t. [^ax. thirlian ; G. and D. drillen.] I. To 
pierce with a drill ; to perforate by turning a sharp-point- 
ed instillment of a particular form ; to bore and make a 
hole by turning an iiistmment. 2. To draw on ; to entice ; 
to amuse and put off. 3. To draw on from step to step. 
4. To draw through ; to drain. — 5. In a military sense, 
to teach and train raw soldiers to their duty, by frequent 
exercise. — 6. In husbandry, to sow gmin in rows, drills or 
clio.li lids 

DRILL, V. i. 1. To sow in drills. 2. To flow gently. 3. 
To muster for exercise. Beaumont. 

DRILL, 71. 1. A pointed instrument, used for boring holes, 
particularly in metals and other hard substances. 2. An 
ape or baboon. 3. The act of training soldiers to their 
duty. 4. A small stream ; now called a rill. — 5. In hus- 
bandry, a row of grain, sowed by a drill-plough. 

DRILLED, pp. Bored or perforated with a drill ; exercised ; 
sown in rows. 

DRILLING, ppr. Boring with a drill ; training to military 
duty ; sowing in drills. 

DRILL-PLOUGH, n. A plough for sowing grain in drills. 

DRINK, V. i. ; pret, and pp. drank. Old pret. and pp. drank ,* 
pp. drunken. \Snx. drmcan, drican, dr7jcian.] 1. To swal- 
low liquor, for quenching thirst or other purpose. 2. To 
take spirituous liquors to excess ; to be intemperate in the 
use of spirituous liquors ; to be a habitual drunkard. 3. 
To feast ; to be entertained with liquors. — To drink to, 
to salute in drinking ; to invite to drink by drinking first. 
2. To wish well to, in the act of taking the cup. 

DRINK, V. t. 1. To swallow, as liquids ; to receive, as a 
fluid, into the stomach. 2. To suck in ; to absorb ; to im- 
bibe. 3. To take in by any inlet ; hear ; to see. 4. 
To take in air ; to inhale. 

To d/’ijik do?cn, is to act on by drinking ; to reduce or subdue. 
Shak . — To drink off, to drink the whole at a draught. — To 
drink in, to absorb ; to take or receive into any inlet. — To 
drink 7ip, to drink the W’hole. — 7'o drink health, or to the 
health, a customary civility in which a person at taking a 
glass or cup, expresses his respect or kind wishes for 
another. 

DRINK, n. Liquor to be swallowed; any fluid to be taken 
into the stomach. 

DRINK'A-BLE, a. That may be drank ; fit or suitable for 
drink ; potable. 

DRINK'A-BLE, n. A liquor that may be drank. 

DRINK'ER, n. One who drinks, paititularly one who prac- 
tices drinking spirituous liquors to excess ; a drunkard ; a 

'' tippler. 

DRINK'ING, Swallowing liquor; sucking in; absorb- 
ing. 

DRINK'ING, n. 1. The act of swallowing liquors, or of ab- 
sorbing. 2. The practice of drinking to excess. 

DRINK'ING-HORN, n. A horn cup, such as our rude 
ciTiC0stors ijS0ci 

DRINK'ING-HOUSE, n. A house frequented by tipplers; 
an alehouse. 

DRTNK'LESS, a. Destitute of drink. Chaucer. 

DRINK'-MGN'EY, n. Money given to buy liquor for drink. 

DRIP, V. i. [Sax. drvpan, driepan, drojiian.] 1. To fall in 
drops. 2. To liave any liquid falling from it in drops. 

DRIP, V* t. To let fall in drops. 


* See Sxjnopsis. A, E, I, o, t), Zo77;g.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


DRO 


277 


DRIP, n. 1. A falling in drops, or that which falls in drops. 
2. The edge of a roof j the eaves 5 a large flat member of 
the cornice. 

DRIFTING, ppr. Falling or letting fall in drops. 

DRIP'FING, V. Tlie fat which falls from meat in roasting j 
that which falls in drops. 

DRlF'FiNG-PAN, n. A pan for receiving the fat which 
drips from meat in roasting. 

f DRiP PLE, a. Weak or rare. 

DRIVE, V. t. ; pret. drove, [formerly dravc ;] pp. driven. 
[Sax. drifan.^ 1. To impel or urge forward by foice ; to 
force 5 to move by physical force. 2. 'J’o compel or urge 
forward by other means than absolute physical force, or 
by means that compel the will. 3. To chase ; to hunt. 
4! To impel a team of Iiorses or oxen to move forward, 
and to direct their course ; hence, to guide or regulate tlie 
course of the carriage drawn by them. 5. To impel to 
greater speed. 6. To clear any place by forcing away 
what is in it. 7. To force j to compel ; in a general sense. 
8. To liurry on inconsiderately ; often w’ith on. In this 
sense it is more generally intransitive. 9. To distress j to 
straighten. 10. To impel by the influence of passion. 11. 
To urge j to press. 12. To impel by moral influence j to 
compel. 13. To carry on ; to prosecute ; to keep in mo- 
tion. 14. To make light by motion or agitation. 

To dr ive away, to force to remove to a distance ; to expel ; 
to dispel ; to scatter. — To drive off, to compel to remove 
from a place j to expel ; to drive to a distance. — To drive 
oat, to expel. 

DRIVE, V. i. 1. To be forced along ; to be impelled ; to be 
moved by any physical force or agent. 2. To rush and 
press with violence. 3. To pass in a carriage. 4. To 
aim at or tend to 5 to urge towards a point ; to make an 
effort to reach or obtain. 5. To aim a blow ; to strike at 
W'ith force. — Drive, in all its senses, implies forcible or 
violent action. It is opposed to lead. 

DRIVE, n. Passage in a carriage. Boswell. 

DiUV'EL, (driv'l) v.i. 1. Toslaver ; to let spittle drop or flow 
from the month, like a child, idiot or dotard. 2. To be 
weak or foolish ; to dote. Dryden. 

DRIV'^EL, V. 1. Slaver; saliva flowing from the mouth. 
2. A driveler ; a fool ; an idiot ; [not used.'\ 

DRIV'EL-ER, n. A slaverer ; a slabberer ; an idiot ; a fool. 

DRIV'EL-ING, ppr. Slavering; foolish. 

DRIV^EN, (drivhi) pp. Urged forward by force; impelled 
to move ; constrained by necessity. As a noun, folly. 

DRTV'ER, n. 1. One who drives ; the person or thing that 
urges or compels any thing else to move. 2. The person 
wlio drives beasts. 3. The person who drives a carriage ; 
one who conducts a team. 4. A large sail occasionally 
set on the mizzen-yard or gaff, the foot being extended 
over the stern by a boom. 

DRIV ING, ppr. Urging forward by force ; impelling. 

DRIVING, 7i. 1. The act of impelling. 2. Tendency. 

DR [Z'ZLE,?n i. [G. rieseln.'] To rain in small drops; to 
fall as water from the clouds in very fine particles. 

DRIZ'ZLE, V. t. To shed in small drops or particles. 

DRfZ'ZLE, n. A small rain. 

DRIZ'ZLED, pp. Shed or thrown down in small drops or 
particles. 

DRIZZLING, ppr. Falling in fine drops or particles ; shed- 
ding in small drops or particles. 

DRIZ ZLING, n. The failing of rain or snow in small drops. 

DRIZ'ZLY, a. Shedding small rain, or small particles of 
snow. 

DRdGOIAN. See Dragoman. 

DROIL, V. i. [D. druilen.] To work sluggishly or slowly ; 
to plod ; [not much used.] Spenser. 

DROIL, n. A mope ; a drone ; a sluggard ; a drudge ; [Z.?^.] 

DRdLL, a. [Fr. drdle.] Odd ; merry ; facetious ; comical. 

DRdLL, 11 . 1. One whose occupation or practice is to raise 
mirth by odd tricks; a jester; a buffoon. 2. A farce; 
something exhibited to raise mirth or sport. 

DRdLL, V. i. To jest; to play the buffoon. South. 

DRdLL, V. t. To cheat. L^Estrange. 

DRdLL'ER, 77. A jester; a buffoon. Glanville. 

DRdLL'ER-Y, n. 1. Sportive tricks ; buffoonery ; comical 
stories ; gestures, manners or tales adapted to raise mirth. 
2. A puppet-show. Shak. 

DRdLLTNG, n. Low wit ; buffoonery. 

DRdLL'ING-LY, adv. In a jesting manner. 

DRdLLTSH, a. Somewhat droll. 

DRdM'E-DA-RY, n. [Fr. droinadaire.] A species of camel, 
called also the Arabian camel, with one bunch or protu- 
berance on the back, in distinction from the Bactrian 
camels which has two bunches. 

DRONE, n. [Sax. drane, dreen.] 1. The male of the honey 
bee. It is smaller than the queen bee, but larger than the 
working bee. 2. An idler ; a sluggard ; one who earns 
nothiiig by industry. 3. A humming or low sound, or the 
instrument of humming. 4. The largest tube of the bag- 
pipe, which emits a continued deep note. 

DRONE, V. i. 1. ^'o live in idleness. 2. To give a low, 
heavy, dull sound. Dryden. 


DRO 

DRoNE^-FLY, n. A two-winged insect, resembling tho 
drone- bee. 

DRoNRNG, ppr. Living in idleness ; giving a dull sound. 

DRoNGSH, a. Idle; sluggish ; lazy ; iiidolent ; inactive ; 
slow. Rowe. 

DRoNTSH-NESS, n. Laziness ; inactivity. 

DROOP, V. i. [Sax. drepan.] 1. To sink or hang down ; to 
lean downwards, as a body that is weak or languishing 
2. To languish from grief or other cause. 3. 'l o fail or 
sink ; to decline. 4. To faint ; to grow weak ; to be dis- 
pirited. 

DROOP/ING,pp7*. Sinking; hanging or leaning downward ; 
declining ; languishing ; failing. 

DROP, n. [Sax. dropa.] 1. A small portion of any fluid in a 
spherical form, which falls at once from any body, or a 
globule of any fluid whicli is pendent, as if about to fall ; 
a small portion of water falling in rain, 2. A diamond 
hanging from the ear ; an earring ; something hanging in 
the form of a drop. 3. A very small quantity of liquor. 
4. The part of a gallows which sustains the criminal be- 
fore he is executed, and %vhich is suddenly dropped. 

DROPS, 7i. pZa. In medicine, a liquid remedy, the dose of 
which is regulated by a certain number of drops. 

DROP, V. t. [Sax. dropian.] 1. To pour or let fall in small 
portions or globules, as a fluid ; to distill. 2. To let fall, 
as any substance. 3. To let go ; to dismiss ; to lay aside ; 
to quit ; to leave ; to permit to subside. 4. To utter 
slightly, briefly or casually. 5. To insert indirectly, in- 
cidentally, or by way of digression, b. To lay aside ; to 
dismiss from possession. 7. To leave. 8. To set down 
and leave. 9. To quit; to sutler to cease. 10. To let go; 
to dismiss from association. 11. To sutler to end or coiiie 
to nothing. 12. To bedrop ; to speckle ; to variegate, as 
if by sprinkling witl) drops. 13. To lower. 

DROP, v.i. 1. To distill ; to fall in small ])ortions, globules 
or drops, as a liquid. 2. To let drops fall ; to discharge 
itself in drops. 3. To fall ; to descend suddenly or ab- 
ruptly. 4. To fall spontaneously. 5. T'o die, or to die 
suddenly. 6. To come to an end ; to cease ; to be neglect- 
ed and come to nothing. 7. To come unexpectedly ; 
with in or into. 8. To fall short of a mark ; [?7oi usual.] 
9. To fall lower. 10. To be deep in extent. 

To drop astern, in seamen^ s language, is to pass'or move to- 
wards the stern ; to move back ; or to slacken the v 3locity 
of a vessel to let another {>ass beyond her. — To droj down, 
in seamen’s language, is to sail, row or move down a 
river, or toward the sea. '' 

DROP'-SE-RkNE', n. [L. gutta serena.] A diseai^e of the 
eye ; amaurosis, or blindness from a diseased retina. 
Milton. 

DROP'-STONE, 77. Spar in the shape of drops. 

DROP'-WoRT, 77. The name of a plant. 

DROP LET, 77. A littl-3 drop. Shak. 

DROPPED, pp. Let fall ; distilled ; laid aside; dismissed; 
let go ; suflered to subside ; sprinkled or variegated. 

DROPPING, ppr. Falling in globules ; distillij)g ; falling ; 
laying aside ; dismissing ; quitting ; suffering to rest or 
subside ; variegating with ornaments like drops. 

DROP'PING, 71. 1. Tlie act of dropping ; a distilling ; a fall- 
ing. 2. That which drops. 

DROPTING-LY, adv. By drops. TIuloet. 

DROP^SI-GAL, a. 1. Diseased with dropsy; hydropical ; 
inclined to the dropsy. 2. Partaking of the nature of the 
dropsy. 

DROP'SIED, a. Diseased with dropsy. Shak. 

DROP'SY, 71. [L. hydrops.] In medicine, an unnatural col- 
lection of water, in any part of the boc!y, proceeding from 
a greater efiusion of serum by the exhalant arteries, than 
the absorbents take up. 

DROSS, 77. [Sax. dros.] 1. The recrement or despumation 
of metals ; the scum or extraneous matter of metals, thrown 
olf in the process of melting. 2. Rust ; crust of metals ; 
an incrustation formed on metals by oxydation. 3. Waste 
matter ; refuse ; any worthless matter separated from the 
better part ; impure matter. 

DROSS'I-NESS, 77. Foulness ; rust ; impurity ; a state of 
being drossy. Boyle. 

DROSS'Y, a. 1. Like dress ; pertaining to dross. 2. Fiill 
of dross ; abounding with «corious or recrementitious mat- 
ter. 3. Worthless ; foul ; impure. 

fDROTCIPEL, 71. An idle we^ch ; a sluggard. 

DROUGHT, (drout) ) n. [cmitractedfrom 8ax. drugotlie ; D. 

DROUTH, ) droogte t drigan, ox dry gan, to 

dry. 7'he original word drouth, as written in tlje time of 
Bacon, is still in common use. I. Dryness ; want of rain 
or of water ; particularly , dryness of the weather, wliich 
affects the earth, and prevents the growth of plants ; 
aridness ; aridity. 2. Dryness of tlie throat and mouth ; 
thirst ; want of drink. 

DROUGHTfl-NESS, or DROUTHT-NESS, n. A state of 
dryness of the weather ; want of rain. 

DROUGHTS, or DROUTH'Y, a. I. Dry as the weath- 
er ; arid; wanting rain. 2. Thirsty ; dry; wanting 
drink. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


DRY 


DRU 278 


f DROUM'Y, a. Troubled j dirty. Bacon, Chancer has 
drovy. 

DROVE, drive. 

DROVE, n. [Sax. draf.'\ ] . A collection of cattle driven ; a 
number of animals, as oxen, sheep or swine, driven in a 
body. 2. Any collection of irrational animals, moving or 
driving forward. 3. A crowd of people in motion. 4. A 
road for driving cattle j [Evgliah.] 
fDRoV'EN, pai’t. from drive. 

DRoV^'ER, n. 1. One who drives cattle or slicep to market. 
Usnally^ in JVcio England^ a man who makes it his busi- 
ness to purchase fat cattle and drive them to market. 2. 

A boat driven by the tide. Spenser, 

DROWN, V. t. [Dan. drugner.] 1. To overwhelm in water; 
and, appropriately^ to extinguish life by immersion in 
water or other fluid. 2. To overwhelm in water. 3. To 
overtiow ; to deluge ; to inundate. 4. To immerse ; to 
plunge and lose ; to overwhelm. 5. To overwhelm ; to 
overpower. 

DROWN, V. i. To be suffocated in water or other fluid ; to 
perish in water. 

DROWNED, pp. Deprived of life by immersion in a fluid ; 

overflowed ; inundated ; overwhelmed. 

DROWN'ER, 11 . lie or that which drowns. 

DROWN'ING, jipr. Destroying life by submersion in a 
liquid ; overflowing ; overwlielming. 

DROW5«E, (drowz) -y. i. [Old Belgic, f^roose?r.] ]. To sleep 
imperfectly or unsoundly ; to slumber ; to be heavy with 
sleepiness. 2. To look heavy ; to be heavy or dull. 
DROWSE, V. t. To make heavy with sleep ; to make dull 
or stupid. Milton. 

t DROWS'I-HED, ?i. Sleepiness. Spenser. 

DROWS'I-LY, adv. 1. Sleepily ; heavily ; in a dull, sleepy 
manner. 2. Sluggishly ; idly ; slothfully ; lazily. 
DROWS'I-NESS, n. 1. Sleepiness ; heaviness with sleep ; 
disposition to sleep. 2. Sluggishness ; sloth ; idleness 
inactivity. 

DROWS'Y, a. 1. Inclined to sleep; sleepy; heavy with 
sleepiness ; lethargic ; comatose. 2. Dull ; sluggish ; stu- 
pid. 3. Disposing to sleep ; lulling. 

DROWS'Y-IIEAD'ED, a. Heavy ; having a sluggish dispo- 
sition. Fothcrby. 

DRUB, V. t. [Sw. drabba.] To beat with a stick ; to thrash ; • 
to cudgel. 

DRUB, n. A blow with a stick or cudgel ; a thump ; a 
knock. 

DRUBBED, pp. Beat with a cudgel ; beat soundly. 
DRUB'BING, ppr. Beating with a cudgel ; beating soundly. 
DRUB'BING, n. A cudgeling ; a sound beating. 

DRUDGE, (druj) v. i. [Scot, drug.] To work hard ; to labor 
in mean offices ; to labor with’toil and fatigue. 

DRUDGE, n. One who works hard, or labors with toil and 
fatigue ; one who labors hard in servile employments ; a 
slave. 

DRUDG'ER, n. 1. A drudge. 2. A drudging-box. See 
Dredging-box. 

DRUDG'ER-Y, n. Hard labor ; toilsome work ; ignoble | 
toil ; hard work in servile occupations. 

DRUDG'ING, ppr. Laboring hard ; toiling. 
DRUDGMNG-BOX. See Dredging-box. 

DRUDGffNG-LY, adv. With labor and fatigue ; labori- 
ously. 

DRUG, 71. [Fr. drogue.] 1. The general name of substances 
used in medicine, sold by the druggist, and compounded 
by apothecaries and physicians ; any substance, vegeta- 
ble, animal or mineral, which is used in the composition 
or preparation of medicines. 2. Any commodity that lies 
on hand, or is not salable ; an article of slow sale, or in 
no demand in market. 3. A mortal drug, or a deadly 
drug, is poison. 4. [Scot. (/rwo-.J A drudge. 

DRUG, V. i. To prescribe or administer drugs or medicines. 
DRUG, V. t. 1. To season w'ith drugs or ingredients. 2. To 
tincture with something offensive, 
t DRUG'GER, n. A druggist. Burton. 

DRUG'GER-MAN. See Dragoman. 

DRUG'GET, 77. [Fr. droguet.] A cloth or thin stuff' of wool, 
or of wool and tliread, corded or plain, usually plain. 
DRUG'GIST, 71. [Fr. droguiste.] One who deals in drugs ; 
properly, oxm whose occupation is merely to buy and sell 
drugs, without compounding or preparation. — In America, 
the same person often carries on the business of the drug- 
gist and the apothecary, 
t DRUG'STER, 71 . a druggist. Boyle. 

DRu'ip, 71. [Ir. Draoi, formerly Drui, a magician, a Druid.] 

A priest or minister of religion, among the ancient Celtic 
nations in Gaul, Britain and Germanv. 

DRU-ID'I€, J ^ . . . * , ^ 

DRU-ID'IC-AL I Pertaining to the Druids. 

DRtjffp-ISM, 77. The system of religion, jihilosophy and in- 
struction taught by the Druids ; or their doctrines, rites 
and ceremonies. 

DRU^p 71. [D. trom, trommel.] 1. A martial instrument of 
music, in form of a hollow cylinder, and covered at the 
ends with vellum, which is stretched or slackened at 


pleasure. — ^2. In machinery, a short cylinder revolving on 
an axis, generally for the purpose of turning several small 
wheels, by means of straps passing round its periphery. — 
3. The drum of the ear, the tympanum, or barrel of the 
ear ; the hollow part of the ear, behind the membrane of 
tlie tympanum. 4. A round box containing figs. 

DRUM, V. i. 1. To beat a drum with sticks ; to beat or play 
a tune on a drum. 2. To beat with the fingers, as with 
drum-sticks ; to beat with a rapid succession of strokes. 
3. To beat, as the lieart. 

DRUM, V. t. To expel with beat of drum. Military phrase, 

tDRUM'BLE, V, i. To drone ; to be sluggish. Shak. 

I)RUM'-FISH,7i. a fish, found on the coast of N. America. 

t DRUM'LY, a. [W. trom.] Thick ; stagnant ; muddy. 

DRUM'-Ma-JOR, n. The chief or first drummer of a regi- 
ment. 

DRUM'-Ma-KER, 77. One who makes drums. 

DRUM'MER, 77. One whose office is to beat the drum, in 
military exercises and marching ; one who drums. 

DRUM'-STICK, 77. The stick with which a drum is beaten, 
or a stick shaped for the purpose of beating a drum. 

DRUNK, a. 1. Intoxicated; inebriated; overwhelmed or 
overpowered by spirituous liquor ; stupified or inflamed 
by the action of spirit on the stonjach and brain. 2. 
Drenched, or saturated with moisture or liquor. 

DRUNK^ARD, 77. One given to ebriety or an excessive use 
of strong liquor ; a person who habitually or frequently is 
drunk. 

DEUNK'EN, (drunk'n) a. I. Intoxicated ; inebriated with 
strong liquor. 2. Given to drunkenness. 3. Saturated 
with liquor or moisture ; drenched. 4. Proceeding from 
intoxication ; done in a state of drunkenness. 

DRUNK'EN-LY, adv. In a drunken manner. [Little used.] 

DRUNK'EN-NESS, 77. 1. Intoxication ; inebriation ; a state 
in which a person is overwhelmed or overpowered with 
spirituous liquors, so that his reason is disordered, and he 
reels or staggers in walking. 2. Habitual ebriety or intox- 
ication. 3. Disorder of the faculties resembling intoxica- 
tion by liquors ; inflammation; frenzy ; rage. 

DRUPE, 77. [L. drupce.] In botany, a pulpy pericarp or fruit 
without valves, containing a nut or stone with a kernel, 
as the plum, peach, &c. 

DRU-Pa'CEOUS, a. 1. Producing drupes. 2. Pertaining to 
drupes ; or consisting of drupes. 

DRUSE, 77. [G. druse.] Among miners, a cavity in a rock, 
having its interior surface studded with crystals, or filled 
wjth water. 

DRu'SY, a. Abounding with very minute crystals. 

DRY, a. [Sax. dri, drig, or dryg.] 1. Destitute of moisture ; 
free from water or wetness ; arid ; not moist. 2. Not 
rainy ; free from rain or mist. 3. Not juicy ; free from 
juice, sap or aqueous matter; not green. 4. Without 
tears. 5. Not giving milk. 6. Tliirsty ; craving drink. 
7. Barren ; jejune ; plain ; unembellished ; destitute of 
pathos, or of that which amuses and interests. 8. Severe ; 
sarcastic ; wiping. 9. Severe ; wiping. 10. Dry goods, 
in commerce, cloths, stuff's, silks, laces, &c., in distinction 
from grocenes. 

DRY, 'V. t. [Sax. drigan, adrigan, or drygan, adrygan, ad- 
rugan, gedrigan.] 1. To free from water, or from mois- 
ture of any kind, and by any means. 2. To deprive of 
moisture by evaporation or exhalation. 3. To deprive of 
moisture by exposure to the sun or open air. 4. To de- 
prive of natural juice, sap or greenness. 5. To scorch or 
parch with thirst ; with up. 6. To deprive of water by 
draining; to drain; to exhaust. — To dry up, to deprive 
wholly of water. 

DRY, 7’. i. ]. To grow dry ; to lose moisture ; to become 
free from moisture or juice. 2. To evaporate wholly ; to 
be exhaled. 

DRY' AD, 77. [L. dryades, plu.] In mythology, a deity or 
nymph of the woods ; a nymph supposed to preside over 
woods. 

DRYED, of dry. See Dried. 

DRY'ER, 77. He or that which dries ; that which exhausts of 
moisture or greenness. 

DRY'EyED, a. Not having tears in the eyes. 

DRY'FAT, 77. A dry vat or basket. 

DRY 'FOOT, 77. A dog that pursues game by the scent of tlie 
foot. 

DRY'ING, ppr. Expelling or losing moisture, sap or green- 
ness. 

DRY'ING, 77. The act or process of depriving of moisture or 
greenness. 

DRY'ITE, 11 . Fragments of petrified or fossil wood, in which 
the structure of the wood is recognized. 

DRY'LY, adv. 1. Without moisture. 2. Coldly ; frigidly ; 
without affection. 3. Severely ; sarcastically. 4. Barren- 
ly ; without embellishment ; without any thing to enliven, 
enrich or entertain. 

DRY'NESS, 77. 1 . Destitution of moisture ; want of water or 
other fluid ; siccity ; aridity ; aridness. 2. Want of rain. 
3. Want of juice or succulence. 4. Want of succulence or 
greenness. 5. Barrenness ; jejuneness; want of ornament. 


^ See Synopsis, a, E, I, C), U, Y, Zo/i^r.—FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD t Obsolete. 


DUG 


279 


BUL 


nr pathos ; want of that which enlivens and entertains. 
6 . Want of feeling or sensibility in devotion j want of ar- 
dor. 

DRY'NLrRSE, 71. 1. A nurse who attends and feeds a child 
without the breast. 2. One who attends another in sick- 
ness. 

DRY'NURSE, r. t. To feed, attend and bring up without 
the breast. HiuUbras. 

DRY'RUB, V. t. To rub and cleanse without wetting. 

DRY-SALT'ER, n. A dealer in salted or dry meats, pickles, 
sauces, &c. Fordyce. 

DRY'SHOD, a. Without wetting the feet. 

Eu'AL, a. [L. dualis.] Expressing the number two. 

DU-AL-IS'lTG, a. Consisting of two. 

DU-AL'I-TY, n. 1. TJiat wliicli expresses two in number. 
2. Division j separation. 3. The state or quality of being 
two. 

DUB, V. t. [Sax. dubban.'] Literally^ to strike. Hence, 

1. To strike a blow with a sword, and make a knight. 

2. To confer any dignity or new cliaracter. 

DUB, V. i. To make a quick noise. Beaumont. 

DUB, 7 «. 1. A blow ; [little 7 wcc/.J 2. In Irish, a puddle. 

DUBBED, yp. Struck ; made a knight. 

DUB'BING, ppr. Striking ; making a knight. 

DU-BRE-TY, n. Doubtfulness. [Little 7 ise<Z.] 

DU-BI-OST-TY, n. A thing doubtful. Broion. 

Du'Bl-OUS, a. [L. diLbius.'\ 1. Doubtful ; wavering or fluc- 
tuating in opinion ; not settled ; not determined. 2. Un- 
certain ; that of . which the truth is not ascertained or 
known. 3. Not clear j not plain. 4. Of uncertain event 
or issue. 

DC'BI-OUS-LY, ado. Doubtfully ; uncertainly. 

DU'BI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Doubtfulness 3 a state of wavering 
and indecision of mind. 2. Uncertainty. 

Du'Bl-TA-BLE, a. ['L.dubito.'] Doubtful 3 uncertain. [Little 
used.'] 

Du'BI-TAN-CY, n. Doubt ; uncertainty. [Little used.'] 

DU-BI-Ta'TION, 71. [L. dabitatio.] The act of doubting ; 
doubt. [Little used.] Brown. 

Du'GAL, a. [Fr.] Pertaining to a duke. 

DUG' AT, 71. A coin of several countries in Europe, struck 
in the dominions of a duke. It is of silver or gold. The sil- 
ver ducat is generally of the value of four shillings and six- 
pence sterling, equal to an American dollar, or to a French 
crown ; and the gold ducat of twice the same value. 

DUG-A-TOON', n. [Fr. ducaton.] A silver coin, struck 
chiefly in Italy, of the value of about four shillings and 
eight pence sterling. 

DUGH'ESS, 71. [Fr. duchessc.] The consort or widow of a 
duke. Also, a lady who has the sovereignty of a duchy. 

DUGH'Y, n. [Fr. duche.] The territory or dominions of a 
duke ; a dukedom. 

DUGH'Y-GoURT, n. The court of the duchy of Lancaster 
in England. 

DUGK, 71. [Sw. diik.] A species of coarse cloth or canvas, 
used for sails, sacking of beds, &c. 

DUGK, 71. 1. A water-fowl, so called from its plunging. 2. 
An inclination of the head, resembling tlie motion of a 
duck in water. 3. A stone thrown obliquely on the wa- 
ter, so as to rebound. 

DUGK, 71. [Dan. duicke.] A word of endearment. 

DUGK, V. t. [G. ducken.] 1. To dip or plunge in water, and 
suddenly withdraw. 2. To plunge the head in water, and 
immediately withdraw it. 3. To bow, stoop or nod. 

DUGK, v.i. 1. To plunge into water, and immediately 
withdraw ; to dip ; to plunge the head in water or other 
liquid. 2. To drop the head suddenly ; to bow 5 to cringe. 

DUGKED, pp. Plunged ; dipped in water. 

DUGK'ER, 71. A plunger ; a diver ; a cringer. 

DUGK'ING, ppr. Plunging ; thrusting suddenly into water, 
and withdrawing ; dipping. 

DUGK'ING, 71. The act of plunging or putting in water, and 
withdrawing. 

DUGK'ING-STOOL, n. A stool or chair in which common 
scolds were formerly tied and plunged into water. 

DUGK'-LEGGED, a. Having short legs, like a duck. 

DUGK'LING, 77. A young duck. Ray. 

DUGK'tMeAT, or DUGK’S'-MeAT, n. A plant, the lemna, 
grooving in ditches and shallow water. 

DUG-KOY'. See Decoy. 

DUGK’S'-FOOT, n. A plant, the podophyllum ; called also 
May-apple. 

DUGK'-WEED, n. The same as duck-meat. 

DUGT, 71. [L. ductus.] 1. Any tube or canal by which a 
fluid or other substance is conducted or conveyed. 2 . 
Guidance ; direction ; [little used.] 

DUG'TiLE, a. [L. ductilis.] ]. That may be led ; easy to 
be led or drawn ; tractable ; complying ; obsequious ; 
yielding to motives, persuasion or instruction. 2. Flexi- 
ble ; pliable. 3. That may be drawn out into wire or 
threads. 4. That may be extended by beating. 

DUG'TILE-NESS, n. The quality of suffering extension by 
drawing or percussion ; ductility. 

DUG-TIL'I-TY, n. 1. The property of solid bodies, particu- 


larly metals, which renders them capable of being extend- 
ed by drawing without breaking. 2. Flexibility j obse- 
quiousness ; a disposition of mind that easily >uelds to 
motives or influence ; ready compliance. 

DUG'TION, 71. [L. ductio.] Conveyance ; leading. Felt~ 
ham. 

t DUGT'URE, 7z. [L. rZjico.] Guidance. South. 

DUD'DER, V. t. To deafen with noise j to render the head 
confused. Jennings. 

DUDG'EoN, 71. [G. degen.] A small dagger. Iludibras. 

DUDG'EoN, n. [W. dygen.] Anger j resentment j malice ; 
ill-will j discord. L’ Estrange. 

DUDS, n. [Scot, dud.] Old clothes j tattered garments. [j3 
vulgar word.] 

Due, (du) a. [Fr. dft, pp. of devoir.] 1. Owed; that ought 
to be paid or done to another. 2. Proper ; fit ; appropriate ; 
suitable ; becoming ; required by tlie circumstances. 3. 
Seasonable. 4. Exact ; proper. 5. Owing to; occasioned 
by ; [I'Utle used.] 6. That ought to have arrived, or to bo 
present, before the time specified. 

Due, ado. Directly ; exactly ; as, a due east coui'se. 

Due, n. 1. That which is owed ; that which o)ie contracts 
to pay, do or perform to another ; tliat which law or jus- 
tice requires to be paid or done. 2. Tliat which office, 
rank, station, social relations, or established rules of right 
or decorum, require to be given, paid or done. 3. Tiiat 
which law or custom requires, as toll, tribute, fees of of- 
fice, or other legal perquisites. 4. Right ; just title. 

t Due, V. t. To pay as due. Shak. 

DuE'FUL, a. Fit ; becoming. Spenser. 

Du'EL, 71. [E. daellurn ; Yv. duel ; It. duello.] 1. Single 
combat ; a premeditated combat between two persons, for 
the purpose of deciding some private difference or quarrel. 
2. Any contention or contest. 

Du'EL, V. i. To fight in single combat. South. 

Du'EL, V. t. To attack or fight singly. Milton. 

Du'EL-ER, 71. A combatant in single fight. 

Du'EL-ING, ppr. Fighting in single combat. 

Du'EL-ING, u. The act or practice of fighting in single 
combat. 

Du'EL-IST, 71. 1. One who fights in single combat. Dryden. 
2. One who professes to study the rules of honor. 

t DU-EL'LO, 71.. Duel ; or rule of dueling. Shak. 

DuE'NESS, (du'nes) n. Fitness ; propriety ; clue quality. 

DU-EN'NA, 71. [Sp. cZiiCTia.. See Don.] An old woman who 
is kept to guard a younger ; a governess. 

I n. [Ital. duetto.] A song or air in two parts. 

DUF'FEL, 71. [D.] A thick, coarse kind of woolen cloth, 
having a thick nap or frieze. 

DUG, 71 . [Ice. degg'ia.] The pap or nipple of a cow or other 
beast. It is applied to a liuinan female in contempt. 

DUG, pret. and pp. of dig ; as, they dug a ditch. 

DUKE, 71 . [Fr. due ; Sp., Port, duque ; It. duca ; Venetian, 
doge i L. dux.] 1. In Great Britain, one of the highest 
order of nobility ; a title of honor or nobility next below 
the princes. — 2. In some countries on the continent, a sove- 
reign prince, without the title of king. 3. A cliief; a 
prince. 

DuKE'DOM, 71. 1. The seignory or possessions of a duke ; 
the territory of a duke. 2. The title or quality of a duke. 

DUL'BRaINED, a. Stupid ; doltish ; of dull intellects. 

DUL'CET, a. [L. dulcis.] I. Sweet to the taste ; luscious. 
2. Sweet to the ear ; melodious ; harmonious. 

DUL-CI-FI-Ga'TION, n. The act of sweetening ; the act of 
freeing from acidity, saltness or acrimony 

DUL'CI-FIED, pp. Sweetened ; purified from salts. — Dulci- 
fied spirits, a term formerly applied to tire different ethere. 

DUL'Cl-FY, 7 ;. t,. [Yr. dulcifier.] To sweeten ; to free from 
acidity, saltness or acrirnony. 

DUL'CT-MER, n. [It. dolcimello.] An instrument of music 
played by striking brass wires with little sticks. 

f DUL'GI-NESS, 71. [L. eZuZets.] Softness ; easiness of tem- 
per. 

DUL'GO-RATE, v. t. [Low L. dulco.] 1. To sweeten. 2. 
To make less acrimonious. 

DUL-GO-Ra'TION, 71. The act of sweetening. Bacon. 

Du'LI-A, 77 . f^Gr. <5ouX£ta.] An inferior kind erf worship. 

DULL, a. [W. do!, dial; Sax. cZoZ.] 1. Stupid; doltish: 
blockish ; slow of understanding. 2. Heavy ; sluggish ; 
v/ithout life or spirit. 3. Slow of motion ; sluggish. 4. 
Slow of hearing or seeing. 5. Slow to learn or comipre- 
hend ; unready ; awkward. 6 . Sleepy ; drowsy. 7. Sad ; 
melancholy. 8. Gross ; cloggy ; insensible. 9. Not pleas- 
ing or delightful ; not exhilarating ; cheerless. 10. Not 
bright or clear ; clouded; tarnished. 11. Not bright ; not 
briskly burning. 12. Dim ; obscure ; not vivid. 13. Blunt ; 
obtuse ; having a thick edge. 14. Gloudy ; overcast ; not 
clear; not enlivening. — 15. With seamen, being without 
wind. 16. Not lively or animated. 

DULL, v.t. 1. To make dull ; to stupify. 2. To blunt. 3. To 
make sad or melancholy. 4. To hebetate ; to make insen- 
sible or slow to perceive. 5. To damp ; to render lifeless. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as . 1 ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


DUS 


DUN 280 


6. To make heavy or slow of motion. 7. To sully ; to 
tarnish or cloud. 

DULL, V. i. To become dull or blunt ; to become stupid. 
DULL'-BRaINED, a. Stupid ; of dull intellect. 

DU LL'-BRO WED, a. Having a gloomy look. 
DULL'-DiS-PoS'ED, a. Inclined to dullness or sadness. 
DULL'-EYED, a. Having a downcast look. Shak. 
DULL'-HEAD, n. A person of dull understanding ; a dolt; 
a blockhead. 

DULL'-SlGHT-ED, a. Having imperfect sight ; purblind. 
DULL'-WIT-TED, a. Having a dull intellect ; heavy. 
DULL'ARD, a. Doltish; stupid. Hall. 

DULLLARD, 7t. A stupid person; a dolt ; a blockhead; a 
dunce. 

DULLLD, pp. Made dull ; blunted. 

DULL'ER, n. That which makes dull. 

DULL'ING, pp7\ Making dull. 

DULL'NESS, n. 1. Stupidity ; slowness of comprehension ; 
weakness of intellect; indocility. 2. Want of quick per- 
ception or eager desire. 3. Heaviness ; drowsiness ; incli- 
nation to sleep. 4. Heaviness ; disinclination to motion. 
5. Sluggishness ; slowness. 6. Dimness; want of clear- 
ness or lustre. 7. Bluntness; want of edge. 8. Want 
of brightness or vividness. 

DUL'LY, ado. Stupidly; slowly; sluggishly; without life 
or spirit. 

Du'LY, ado. 1. Properly; fitly; in a suitable or becoming 
manner. 2. Regularly ; at the proper time. 

DUMB, (diim) a. [Sax. dumb.] 1. Mute ; silent ; not speak- 
ing. 2. Destitute of the power of speech ; unable to utter 
articulate sounds. 3. Mute ; not using or accompanied 
with speech. — To stidke dumb, is to confound; to aston- 
ish ; to render silent by astonishment ; or, it may be, to 
deprive of the power of speech. 

DUjMB, V. t. To silence. Shak. 

DUMB'LY, (dum ly) ado. Mutely ; silently ; without words 
or speech. 

DUMB'NESS, (dum'nes) n. 1. Muteness; silence, or hold- 
ing the peace ; omission of speech. 2. Incapacity to 
speak ; inability to articulate sounds. 

DUM'FOUND, 7?. t. To strike dumb; to confuse. [A low 
toord.] Spectator. 

t DUM'ivIER-ER, n. One who feigns dumbness. 

DUM'MY, n. One who is dumb. low expression.] 

DUMP, 71. [D. dom.] 1. A dull, gloomy state of the mind ; 
sadness ; melancholy ; sorrow ; heaviness of heart. 2. Ab- 
sence of mind ; revery. 3. A melancholy tune or air. 

DUMP'ISH, a. Dull ; stupid; sad ; melancholy; depressed 
in spirits. 

DUMP'ISH-LY, ado. In a moping manner. 
DUMP'ISH-NESS, n. A state of being dull, heavy and 
moping. 

DUMP'LING, ??. A kind of pudding or mass of paste in 
cookery ; visually, a cover of paste inclosing an apple and 
boiled. 

DUMP'Y, a. Short and thick. 

DUN, a. [Sax. I. Of a dark color ; of a color partak- 

ing of a brown and black ; of a dull brown color ; swarthy. 
2. Dark ; gloomy. 

DUN, V. t. To cure, as fish, in a manner to give them a dun 
color. See DuNNir^o. 

DUN, 7,’. t. [Sax. dynan.] 1. To clamor for payment of a 
debt ; to urge for payment; to demand a debt in a press- 
ing manner ; to call for payment. 2. To urge importu- 
nately. 

DUN, 71. 1. An importunate creditor, who urges for pay- 
ment. 2. An urgent request or demand of payment in 
writing. 3. An eminence ; a mound. 

DUiVCE, (duns) ?i. [G. dims.] A person of weak intellect; 

a dullard ; a dolt ; a thickskull. 

DUN'GER-Y, 71. Dullness ; stupidity. S 7 nith. 

DUNCH, a. _Deaf. Qrose. fVest of Eti gland.. 
fDUN'Ui-FY', V. t. To make stupid in intellect. 

DUN'DER, 71. [Sp. redimdar.] Lees; dregs; award used 
771 Ja7naica. 

DUNE, 71. A hill. See Down. 

DUN'-FiSH, 71. Codfish cured in a particular manner. 

DUNG, 71. [Sax. dung.] The excrement of animals. 

DUNG, V. t. To manure with dung. Drydeji. 

DUNG, V. 7. To void excrement. 

DUNGED, pp. Manured with dung. 

DUN'GEoN, (dun'jun) ti. [Fr. dongeo7i, or donjo 7 i.] I. A 
close prison, or a deep, dark place of confinement. 2. A 
subterraneous place of close confinement. 

DUN^GEoN, V. t. To confine in a dungeon. Hall. 
DUNG'FORK, 7i. A fork used to throw dung. 

DUNG'HILL, n. 1. A heap of dung. 2. A mean or vile 
abode. 3. Any mean situation or condition. 4. A term 
of reproach for a man meanly born ; ynot 77 scd.] 
DUNG'HILL, a. Sprung from the dunghill ; mean ; low ; 
base ; vile. Shak. 

DUNG'Y, a. Full of dung; filthy ; vile. Shak. 
.VUNG'YARD, 71. A yard where dung is collected. 
LUN'LIN, 71. A fowl, a species of sandpiper. Pe 7 inant. 


DUN'NAGE, 71. Fagots, boughs or loose wcod laid on the 
bottom of a ship to raise heavy goods above the bottom. 

DUNNED, pp. Importuned to pay a debt ; urged. 

DUN'NER, V/. [from t/M/t.] One employed in soliciting the 
payment of debts. Spectator. 

DUN'NING, ppr. Urging for payment of a debt, or for the 
obtaining a request; importuning. 

DUN'NtNG, ppr. or 7i. The operation of curing codfish, 
in such a manner as to give it a particular color and 
quality. 

DUN'NiSH, a. Inclined to a dun color; somewhat dun. 

DUN'NY, a. Deaf; dull of apprehension. \_Local.] Grose. 

Du'0, 71. [L. ; t7oo.] A song in two parts. 

DU-O-DEC-A-Hk'DRAL, ) See Dodecahedral, Dodeca- 

DU-0-DE€-A-HE'DR0N, j HEDRON. 

DU-O-DEC'IM-FID, a. [L. duudecim and findo.] Divided 
into twelve parts. 

DU-O-DEC'I-MO, a. [L. duodecim.] Having or consisting 
of twelve leaves to a sheet. 

DU-O-DEC'I-MO, 71. A book in which a sheet is folded into 
twelve leaves. 

DU-O-DEG'U-PLE, a. [L. duo and decuplus.] Consisting 
of twelves. Arbuthnot. 

DU-0D'L,-NUM, 71. [L.] The first of the small intestines. 

DU-O-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. duo and litera.] Consisting of 
two letters only ; biliteral. Stuart. 

DUP, V. t. [do and up.] To open. [A loio word.] 

DUPE, 71. [Fr. dupe.] A person who is deceived ; or one 
easily led astray by his credulity. 

DUPE, 7’. t. [Fr. duper.] To deceive; to trick ; to mislead 
by imposing on one’s credulity. 

Du PI-ON, 71. A double cocoon, formed by two or more 
silk-worms. 

Du'PLE, a. [L. duplus.] Double. 

Du'PLI-CATE, a. [L. duplicatus.] Double ; twofold. — Du 
plicate proportion or ratio is the proportion or ratio oi 
squares. 

Du'PLI-CATE, 77. ]. Another corresponding to the first; 
or a second thing of the same kind. 2. A copy ; a tran- 
script. 

Du'PLI-CATE, 7’. f. [T. duplico.] To double ; to fold. 

DU-PLI-Ca'TION, 77. 1. The act of doubling ; the multipli- 
cation of a number by 2. 2. A folding ; a doubling ; also, 
a fold. 

Du'PLI-CA-TURE, 7?. A doubling; a fold. — In anat07ny, 
the fold of a membrane or vessel. 

DU-PLIC'I-TY, 71. [Fr. duplicite.] 1. Doubleness; the 
number two. 2. Doubleness of heart or speech ; the act 
of dissembling one’s real opinions, with a design to mis- 
lead ; double-dealing ; dissimulation ; deceit. — 3. In law, 
duplicity is the pleading of two or more distinct matters 
or single pleas. 

DU-RA-BIL'I-TY, ti. The power of lasting or continuing, 
in any given state, without perishing. 

Du'RA-BLE, G. [L. durabilis.] Having the quality of last- 
ing or continuing long in being, without perishing or wear- 
ing out. 

Du'RA-BLE-NESS, n. Power of lasting ; durability. 

Du'RA-BLY, ado. In a lasting manner; with long contin- 
uance. 

Du'RANCE, 71. [L. duro.] 1. Imprisonment ; restraint of 
the person ; custody of the jailer. 2. Continuance ; du- 
ration. See Endurance. 

DU-RANT', 77. A glazed woolen stuff; called by some ev- 
erlasting. 

DU-Ra'TION, 71. 1. Continuance in time; length or ex- 
tension of existence, indefinitely. 2. Power of continu- 
ance. 

DUR'DUM, 77. A great noise or uproar. Grose. 

I DURE, V. i. [L. duro ; Fr. durer.] To last ; to hold on in 
time or being ; to continue ; to endure. 

fDuRE'FUL, a. Lasting. Spenser. 

DuRE'LESS, a. Not lasting ; fading. Raleigh. 

*DU-RESS', 77. [Norm, duresse, durette.] 1. Literally, 
hardship ; hence, constraint. — Technically, duress, in law, 
is of two kinds ; duress of imprisonment, which is impris- 
onment or restraint of personal liberty ; and duress by 
inenaces or threats [per minas,] when a person is threat- 
ened with loss of life or limb. 2. Imprisonment ; restraint 
of liberty. 

DuR'ING, ppr. of dure, [commonly, though not correctly, 
classed among prepositions.] Continuing; lasting; hold- 
ing on ; as, during life. 

Dtj'RI-TY, 77. [Fr. durete.] 1. Hardness; firmness. 2. 
Hardness of mind ; harshness ; [little used.] 

t Du'ROUS, a. Hard. Smith. 

DUR'RA, 77. A kind of millet, cultivated in North Africa. 

DURST, prcL of dare. [D. dorst.] 

DUSE, 77. A demon or evil spirit. What the duse is the 
matter.^ The d/75e is in you. [T7ilgar.] 

DUSK, a. [D. duister ; G. duster.] 1. Tending to dark- 
ness, or moderately dark. 2. Tending to a dark or black 
color ; moderately black. Miltoii. 

DUSK, 71. 1. A tending to darkness ; incipient or imperfect 


* See Synopsis, a, £, T, p, U, 7, lo7ig.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;-PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


DWA 


281 


obscurity ; a middle degree between light and darkness ; 
twilight. 2. Tendency to a black color j darkness of col- 
or. Dry den. 

PUSK, V. t. To make dusky. [Little uscd.l 
DUSK, t;. i. To begin to lose light or whiteness ; to grow 
dark. [Little used.'^ 

DUSK'l-LY, ado. VVith partial darkness j with a tendency 
to blackness or darkness. 

UUSK'I-NESS, n. Incipient or partial darkness ; a slight or 
moderate degree of darkness or blackness. 

DUSK'ISH, a. Moderatel}’^ dusky ; partially obscure ; slight- 
ly dark or black. Spenser. 

PP^K'ISM-LY, ado. Cloudily ; darkly. Bacon. 
DUSK'iSH-NESS, n. Duskiness ; approach to darkness. 
DUSK'Y, a. 1. Partially dark or obscure; not luminous. 
2. Tending to blackness in color ; partially black ; dark- 
colored ; not bright. 3. Gloomy ; sad. 4. Intellectually 
clouded. 

DuciST, V. [Sax. dust, dyst ; Scot, 1. Fine dry par- 

ticles of earth or other matter, so attenuated that it may 
be raised and wafted by the wind ; powder. 2. Fine dry 
particles of earth ; fine earth. 3. Earth ; unorganized 
earthy matter. 4. The grave. 5. A low condition. 
DUST, V. t. 1. To free from dust ; to brush, wipe or sweep 
away dust. 2. To sprinkle with dust. 3. To levigate. 
DUST'-BitUSII, n. A brush for cleaning rooms and furni- 
ture. 

DUiST'ER, n.‘ An utensil to clear from dust ; also, a sieve. 
DUSTT-NESS, n. The state of being dusty. 

DUS7’'-MAJV, n. One whose employment is to carry away 
dirt and filth. Gay. 

DUST'Y, a. 1. Filled, covered or sprinkled witli dust ; 

ck)uded with dust. 2. Like dust ; of the color of dust. 
DUx’CH, 71. Tile people of Holland ; also, their language. 
DUTCH, a. Pertaining to Holland, or to its inhabitants. 
DUTCH'Y. SceDucHv. 

Du'TE-OUS, a. 1. Performing that which is due, or that 
which law, justice or propriety requires ; obedient. 2. 
Obedient ; obsequious. 3. Enjoined by duty, or by the 
relation of one to another ; [little used.] 

DlhTI-A-BLE, a. Subject to the imposition of duty or cus- 
toms ; as dutiable goods. Supreme Court, U. S. 

DU'TIED, a. Subjected to duties or customs. Ames. 
DU'Tl-FUL, a. J. Performing the duties or obligations re- 
quired by law, justice or propriety ; obedient ; submissive 
to natural or legal superiors ; respectful. 2. Expressive 
of respect or a sense of duty ; respectful ; reverential ; re- 
quired by duty. 

DU'Tl-FUL-LY, ado. In a dutiful manner; with a regard 
to duty ; obediently; submissively; reverently; respect- 
fully. Sicift. 

Du'TI-FliL-NESS, ii. 1. Obedience; submission to just 
authority ; habitual performance of duty. 2. Reverence ; 
respect. 

Du'TY, 71. 1. That which a person owes to another ; that 
which a person is bound, by any natural, moral or legal 
obligation, to pay, do or perform. 2. Forbearance of that 
whii'li is forbid by morality, law, justice or propriety. 3. 
fJbedience; submission. 4. Act of reverence or respect. 
5. The business of a soldier or marine on guard. 6. The 
business of war ; military service. 7. Tax, toll, impost, 
or customs ; excise ; any sum of jnoney required by gov- 
ernment to be paid on the importation, exportation, or 
consumption of goods. 

DU-UM'VIR, n. [L. duo and vir.] One of two Roman of- 
ficers or magistrates united in the same public functions. 
DU-U?*PVl-R AL, a. Pertaining to the duumvirs or du- 
umvirate of Rome. 

DU-UM'VI-RATE, ii. The union of two men in the same 
ofilce ; or the office, dignity or government of two men 
thus associated ; as in ancient Rome. 

DWAIvE, 71. 1. In heraldry, a sable or black color. 2. The 
deadly nightshade, a plant, or a sleepy potion. 

DWARF, 71. [Sax. dwer^, dweor<r.] •!. A general name 
for an animal or plant which is much below the ordinary 
size of the species or kind. A man that never grows be- 
yond two or three feet in height is a dicarf. 2. An attend- 
ant on a lady or knight in romances. 

DWARF, V. t. To hinder from growing to the natural size ; 

to lessen ; to make or keep small. 

D^VARFHSH, a. Like a dwarf ; below the common stature 
or size ; very small ; low ; pettv ; despicable. 
DY/ARF'ISH-LY, ado. Like a dwarf. 
liWARF'ISH-NESS, n. Smallness of stature ; littleness of 
size. 


DYS 

fDWAUL, o.i. [Sax dxoelian, dmolian.] To be delirious# 
DWELL, V. i.; pret. dwelled, usually contracted into dwelU 
[Dan. dowler.] 1. To abide as a permanent resident, ot 
to inhabit for a time ; to live in a place. 2. To be in any 
state or condition ; to continue. 3. To continue ; to be 
fixed in attention ; to hang upon with fondness. 4. To 
continue long. 

DWELL, as a verb transitive, is not used. 

DWELL'ER, 7?. An inhabitant ; a resident. 

DWELLING, /j/ir. Inhabiting; residing ; sojourning ; con- 
tinuing with fixed attention. 

DWELLING, n. 1. Habitation ; place of residence ; abode. 

2. Continuance; residence; state of life. 
DWELL'ING-HOUSE, 7i. The house in which one lives. 
DWELLTNG-PLACE, n. The place of residence. 
DWIN'DLE, y. 7. [Sax. dwinari.] 1. To diminish; to be- 
come less ; to shrink ; to waste or consume away. 2. To 
degenerate ; to sink ; to fall away. 

DWIN'DLE, y. t. 1. To make less; to bring low. 2. To 
break ; to disperse. 

DWIN'DLED, a. Shrunk ; diminished in size. 
DWIN'DLING, ppr. Falling away; becoming less; pin- 
ing; consumhig; moldering away. 

DWINE, y. i. To faint ; to grow feeble ; to pine. JVoi-th of 
England. 

D'?E, y. t. [Sax. deagan.] To stain ; to color; to give anew 
and permanent color to ; applied particularly to cloth or the 
materials of cloth. 

Dyed, pp. stained ; colored. 

DYE'ING, ppr. Staining; giving a new and permanent 
color. 

DYE'ING, 77. The art or practice of giving new and perma- 
nent colors ; the art of coloring cloth, hats, &c. 

DY'ER, 77. One whose occupation is to dye cloth and the 
Hke. 

DY'ING, [from d7>.] 1. Losing life ; perishing ; expir- 
ing; fading away ; languishing. 2. c. Mortal; destined 
to^eath. 

DYHNG, 77. Death. 2 Cor. 4. 

DY'ING-LY, ado. As at the moment of giving up the 
ghost. 

DY-NAM^E-TER, 77. [Gr. 5uv<r/7 7f and pcTpew.] An instru- 
ment for determining the magnifying power of telescopes. 
DYN-A-METHII-GAL, a. Pertaining to a dyiiameter. 
DY-NAMT-CAL, a. [Gr. 6vvapis.] Pertaining to strength 
or power. 

DY-NAMTCS, 7i. The branch of mechanical philosophy 
wiiich treats of moving powers, or the action of forces, 
when they give rise to motion. 

DYN-A-MOM'E-TER, n. An instrument for measuring the 
relative strength of men and other animals. 

DY'NAST, 77. A ruler ; a governor ; a prince ; a govern- 
ment. 

DY-NAST'I€, a. Relating to a dynasty or line of kings. 
^DY'NAS-TY, 71. [Gr. ovvaareui.] Government; sove- 
reignty ; or rather a race or succession of kings of the 
same line or family, who govern a particular country. 
DYS^GRA-SY, 77. [Gr. SvcKpacia.] In medicine, an ill habit 
or state of the humors ; distemperature of the juices. 
DYS-EN-TERTG, a. 1. Pertaining to dysentery; accom- 
panied with dysentery ; proceeding from dysentery. 2. 
Afflicted with dysentery. 

DYS'EN-TER-Y, ?7. [L. dysenteria.] A flux in which the 
stools consist chiefly of blood and mucus or other morbid 
matter, accompanied with griping of the bowels, and fol- 
lowed by tenesmus. 

DYS'NO-MY, 77. [Gr. Svavoiua.] Ill ordering of laws; or 
the enacting bad law's. Cockeram. 

DYS'O-DILE, 77. A species of coal 

DYS'O-REX-Y, 77. [Gr. (hg and opf^7?.] A bad or depraved 
appetite ; a want of appetite. 

DYS-PEP'SY, 77. [Gr. ^voTrexpia.] Bad digestion ; indiges- 
tion, or difficulty of digestion. 

DYS-PEP'TI€, a. 1. Afflicted with indigestion. 2. Per- 
taining to or consisting in dyspepsy. 

DYS'PHO-NY, 77. [Gr. Svc(pwvia.] A difficulty of speak- 
ing, occasioned by an ill disposition of the organs of 
speech. Diet. 

DY{?P-NOe'A, (disp-ne'a) v. [Gr. cv(nrvoia.] A difficulty 
of breathing. 

DYS'U-RY, 77. [Gr. ^vcovpia.] Difficulty in discharging the 
urine, attended with pain and a sensation of heat. 


* See Synopsis MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


EAR 


282 


EAR 



E the second vowel, and the fifth letter, of the English 
) Alphabet. Its long and natural sound in English, as 
in hercj me, coincides with the sound of i in the Italian 
and French languages. It has a short sound, as in viet, 
men ,• and the sound of a open or long, in prey, vein. 
As a final letter, it is generally quiescent j but it serves to 
lengthen the sound of the preceding vowel, or at least to 
indicate that the preceding vowel is to have its long 
sound, as in mane, cane, plume, which, without the final 
€, would be pronounced man, can, plum. After c and g, 
the final c serves to change these letters from hard to soft, 
or to indicate that c is to be pronounced as s, and g, as j. 
As a numeral, E stands for 250. In the calendar, it is 
the fifth of the dominical letters. As an abbreviation, it 
stands for East, as in charts ; E. by S., East by South. 
each, a. [Scot, ei/i.] Every one of any number separate- 
ly considered or treated, 
t eACH'WHERE, Everywhere. 

EAD, or ED, in names, is a Saxon word signifying happy, 
fortunate ; as in Edward, happy preserver ; Edgar, happy 
power ; Edwin, happy conqueror. Gibsoyi. 

EA'GER, (e'ger) a. [Fr. aigre.] 1. Excited by ardent de- 
sire in the pursuit of any object ; ardent to pursue, per- 
form or obtain ; inflamed by desire ; ardently wishing or 
longing. 2. Ardent; vehement; impetuous. 3. Sharp; 
sour ; acid ; [little ^ised,] 4. Sharp ; keen ; biting ; se- 
vere ; [little used.] Shak. 5. Brittle ; inflexible ; not 
_ ductile ; [local.] Locke. 

EA'GER-LY, ado. 1. With great ardor of desire ; ardent- 
ly ; earnestly ; warmly ; with prompt zeal. 2. Hastily ; 
_ impetuously. 3. Keenly ; sharply. 

EA'GER-NESS, 71. 1. Ardent desire to do, pursue or obtain 
any thing ; animated zeal ; vehement longing; ardor of 
inclination. 2. Tartness; sourness; [o&s.] 

EA'GLE, n. [Fr. aigle.] 1. A rapacious fowl of the genus 
falco. 2. A gold coin of the United States, of the value 
of ten dollars. 3. A constellation in the northern hemis- 
phere. 

EA'GLE-EYED, a. 1. Sharpsighted as an eagle; having 
an acute sight. 2. Discerning; having acute intellectual 
vision. 

SA^GLE-SIGHT^ED, a. Having acute sight. 8hak. 
EA'GLE-SPEED, 71. Swiftness like that of an eagle 
EA'GLESS, 77. A female or hen eagle. 

EA^GLE-STONE, 71. Etite, a variety of argillaceous oxyd 
_ of iron. 

EA'GLET, n. A young eagle, or a diminutive eagle. 
EA'GLE-WINGED, a. Having the wings of an eagle ; 
_ swift as an eagle. Milton. 

EA'GRE, (e'gur) n. A tide swelling above another tide, as 
in the Severn. Dryden. 

EAL'DER-MAN. See Alderman. 
t eAME, 71. [Sax. earn.] Uncle. Spenser^ 

EAN, V. t. or i. To yean. See Yean. 
t_EAN'LING, 71. A lamb just brought forth. 

EAR, 77. [Sax. ear, care.] 1. The organ of hearing ; the 
organ by which sound is perceived ; and, in general, both 
the external and internal part is understood by the term. 
2. The sense of hearing, or rather the power of distin- 
guishing sounds and judging of harmony. — 3. In the pZw- 
ral, the head or person. 4. The top, or highest part ; 
Uow.] 5. A favorable hearing ; attention ; heed ; regard. 
6. Disposition to like or dislike what is heard ; opinion ; 
judgment ; taste. 7. Any part of a thing resembling an 
ear ; a projecting part from the side of any thing. 8. The 
spike of corn ; that part of certain plants which contains 
the flowers and seeds. 

To be by the ears, 

To fall together by the cars, > to fight or scuffle ; to quarrel. 
To go together by the ears, ) 

To set by the ears, to make strife ; to cause to quarrel. 
ear, V. L To shoot, as an ear ; to form ears, as corn, 
t eAR, V. t. [L. aro.] To plough or till. 
tEAR'A-BLE, a. Used to be tilled. Barret. 

EAR'aUHE, n. [See Ache.] Pain in the ear. 
t eAR'AL, a. Receiving by the ear. Heroyt. 
EAR'-BoRED, a. Having the ear perforated. Hall. 
EAR'-DEAF'EN-ING, a. Stunning the ear with noise. 
Shak. 

eARED, pp. Having ears ; having spikes formed, as corn. 
eAR'-E-RE€T'ING, a. Setting up the ears. Cowper. 
JiAR'ING, 71. In seamen^s language, a small rope employed 
to fasten the upper corner of a sail to its yard. 

EARMNG, 71. A ploughing of land. Gen. xliv. 

EAR'LAP, 71. The tip of the ear. 

EAR'LOGK, 71. [Sax. ear-loca.] A lock or curl of hair, near 
the ear. 


ARAMARK, n. A mark on the ear, by which a sheep is 
known. 

eAR'MARK, V. t. To mark, as a sheep by cropping or 
slitting the ear. 

EAR P1€K, n. An instrument for cleansing the ear. 
eAR'-PIER-CING, a. Piercing the ear, as a shrill or sharp 
sound. 

eAR'RING, 77. A pendant ; an ornament, sometimes set 
with diamonds, pearls or other jewels, worn at the ear, 
by means of a ring passing through the lobe. 
eAR'SHOT, 77. Reach of the ear; the distance at which 
words may be heard. Dryden. 

EAR^WAX, 11 . The cerumen ; a thick, viscous substance, 
secreted by the glands of the ear into the outer passage. 
EAR'WIG, 77. [Sax. ear-wigga, ear-wiega.] A genus of 
insects of the order of coleopters. In JVew England, this 
name is vulgarly given to a species of centiped. 
eAR'-WIT'jNESS, 77. One who is able to give testimony 
to a fact from his own hearing. 

EARL, (erl) n. [Sax. eorl.] A British title of nobility, or a 
nobleman, the third in rank, being next below a marquis, 
and Jiext above a viscount. 

EARL'DOM, (erPdum) n. The seignory, jurisdiction or dig- 
nity of an earl. 

EARL'DOR-MAN, n. An ealderman. Burke. 

I EARLES'- PEN-IsW, n. Money given in part payment. 
EARL-MAR'SHAL, 77. An officer in Great Britain, who 
_ has the superinteirdence of military solemnities. 
eAR'LESS, a. Destitute of ears ; disinclined to hear or 
listen. 

EAR'LI-NESS, (er'le-nes) n. A state of advance or for- 
wardness ; a state of being before any thing, or at the 
beginning. 

EAR'LY, (er'ly) a. [from Fax. wr, cr.] 1. In advance of 
sornetliing else ; prior in time ; forward. 2. First; being 
at the beginning. 3. Being in good season. 

EAR'LY, (ei-'ly) adv. Soon ; in good season ; betimes. 
EARN, (ern) v.t. [Sax. earnian, wrnian, gearnian.] 1. To 
merit or deserve by labor, or by any performance ; to do 
that which entitles to a reward, whether the reward is 
received or not. 2. To gain by labor, service or perform- 
ance ; to deserve and receive as compensation. 

EARN, V. i. [G. gerinnen.] To curdle. 

EARN, V. i. [Sax. gyrnan.] To long for ; to feel anxiety. 
Spenser. See Yearn. 

EARNED, (ernd) pp. Merited by labor or performance ; 
gained. 

EARN'EST, (ernest) a. [Sax. eornest, or geornest.] 1. Ar- 
dent in the pursuit of an object ; eager to obtain ; having 
a longing desire ; warmly engaged or incited. 2. Ardent; 
warm ; eager ; zealous ; animated ; importunate. 3. In- 
tent ; fixed. 4. Important; serious; that is, really intent 
or engaged. 

EARN'EST, (ern'est) n. 1. Seriousness; a reality ; areal 
event ; as opposed tojesting or feigned appearance. Sidney. 
2. First fruits ; that which is in advance, and gives prom- 
ise of something to come. 

EARN'EST-LY, (ern'est-ly) adv. 1. Warmly ; zealously ; 
importunately ; eagerly ; with real desire. 2. With fixed 
attention ; with eagerness. 

EARN'EST-NESS, (ern'est-nes) n. I. Ardor or zeal in the 
pursuit of any thing; eagerness; animated desire. 2. 
Anxious care ; solicitude ; intenseness of desire. 3. Fix- 
ed desire or attention ; seriousness, 
f EARN'FIJL, (ern'fnl) a. Full of anxiet3^ Fletcher. 
EARN'TNG, (ern'ing) ppr. Meriting by services ; gaining 
by labor or performance. 

EARN’ING, (ern'ing) v. ; plu. Earnings. That which is 
earned ; that which is gained or merited by labor, ser- 
vices or performance ; w’ages ; reivard. 
fEARSH, 77. [See Ear, to plough.] A ploughed field. May. 
IgARTH, (ertli) n. [Sax. eard, eorth, yrth.] 1. Earth, in its 
primary sense, signifies the particles which compose the 
mass of the globe, but more particularly , the particles 
which form the fine mold on the surface of tlie globe ; or 
it denotes any indefinite mass or portion of that matter. 
Tliis substance being considered, bj-^ ancient philosopliers, 
as simple, was called an element; and, in popular lan- 
guage, we still hear of the four elements, fire, air, earth, 
and water . — 2. In chemistry, the term earth w-as, till 
lately, employed to denote a simple elementary’ body or 
substance, tasteless, inodorous, uninflammable and infu- 
sible. But it has also been applied to substances wfliich 
have a very sensible alkaline taste, as lime. The primi- 
tive earths are reckoned ten in number, rfiz., silex, alumin, 
lime, magnesia, barytes, strontian, zircon, glucin, yttria, 
and thorina. Silliman. 3. The terraqueous globe which 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, Zo77^.~FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— | Obsolete. 


EAS 


283 


EBB 


we inhabit. 4. The world, as opposed to other scenes of 
existence. 5. Tlie inhabitants of the globe. G. Dryland, 
opposed to the sea. 7. Country ; region ; a distinct part 
of the globe. 8. The ground ; the surface of the earth. — 
9. In Scripture, tliinga on the earth are carnal, sensual, 
temporary things ; opposed to heavenly, spiritual or divine 
things. — 10. Figuratioely, cl low comUtion. Rev. xil. 11. 
[from ear, Sax. erian, L. aro, to plough.] The act of turn- 
ing up the ground in tillage ; [not used.' 

EAllTll, V. t. 1. To hide in the earth. Drydcn. 2. To 
cover with earth or mold. 

EARTH, V. i. To retire under ground ; to burrow. 

EARTH BAG, ?i. A bag filled with earth, used for defense 


in war. 

EARTH-BANK, n. A bank or mound of earth. 

EART1RB5AR1), n. The board of a plough that turns over 
the earth ; the mold-board. 

EARTH'BORN, a. 1. Born of the earth ; terrigenous ; 
springing originally from the earth. 2. Earthly ; terrestrial. 

EARTIBBOUND, a. Fastened by the pressure of the earth. 

EARTH'BRED, a. Low ; abject ; groveling. 

EARTII'-CRE-aT'ED, a. Formed of earth. Youncr. 

EARTIBEN, (erth'n) a. Made of earth ; made of clay. 

EARTH'FED, a. Low; abject. B. Jonson. 

EARTIFFLAX, n. Amianth ; a fibrous, flexile, elastic min- 
eral substance. 

EARTH'I-NESS, n. The quality of being earthy, or of con- 
taining earth ; grossness. Johnson. 

EARTH'LI-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being earthly ; gross- 
ness. 2. Worldliness ; strong attachment to worldly things. 

EARTH'LING, n. An inhabitant of the earth ; a mortal ; 
a frail creature. Drummond. 

EARTH'L Y, a. 1. Pertaining to the earth, or to this world. 
2. Not heavenly ; vile; mean. 3. Belonging to our pres- 
ent state. 4. Belonging to the earth or world ; carnal ; 
vile; as opposed to spiritual or heavenly. 5. Corporeal; 
not mental. 


EARTH'LY-MIND'ED, a. Having a mind devoted to 
earthly things. 

EARTH'LY-MiND'ED-NESS, n. Grossness ; sensuality ; 
extreme devotedness to earthly objects. 

EARTH'NUT, n. The groundnut, or root of the arachis ; 
a small round bulb or knob, like a nut. 

EARTH-NUT, n. The pignut, or biinium ; a globular root. 

EARTH'Q,UAKE, n. A shaking, trembling or concussion 
of Jthe earth ; sometimes a slight tremor ; at other times a 
violent shaking or convulsion ; at other times a rocking 
or heaving of the earth. 

EARTH^SHaK-ING, a. Shaking the earth ; having power 
to shake the earth. Milton. 

EARTH'WoRM, n. 1. The dew-worm, a species of 
brirus ; a worm that lives under ground. 2. A mean, 
sordid wretch. 

EARTHW, a. 1. Consisting of earth. 2. Resembling earth. 
3. Partaking of earth ; terrene. 4. Inhabiting the earth ; 
terrestrial. 5. Relating to earth. 6. Gross ; not refined. 
7. Earthy fracture, in mineralogy, is when the fracture of 

_ a mineral is rough. 

ease, (eze) n. [Fr. aise ^ Arm. aez.] 1. Rest; an undis- 
turbed state. Applied to the body, freedom from pain, 
disturbance, excitement or annoyance. — 2. Applied to the 
mind, a quiet state; tranquillity; freedom from pain, 
concern, anxiety, solicitude, or any thing that frets or 
ruffles the mind. 3. Rest from labor. 4. Facility ; free- 
dom from difficulty or great labor. 5. Freedom from stiff- 
ness, harshness, forced expressions, or unnatural arrange- 
ment. 6. Freedom from constraint or formality ; unaf- 
fectedness. — 4t ease, in an undisturbed state ; free from 
pain or anxiety. 

EASE, V. t. 1. To free from pain or any disquiet or annoy- 
ance, as the body to relieve ; to give rest to. 2. To free 
from anxiety, care or disturbance, as the mind. 3. To 
remove a burden from, either of body or mind. 4. To 
mitigate ; to alleviate ; to assuage ; to abate or remove in 
part any burden, pain, grief, anxiety or disturbance. 5. 
To quiet ; to allay ; to destroy. — To ease off or ease away, 
in seamen^s language, is to slacken a rope gradually. — 
To ease a ship, is to put the helm hard alee, to prevent 

_ her pitching, when close-hauled. 

JilASE'FlIL, rt. Q,uiet ; peaceful; fitforrest. Shak. 

EAvSE'FtjL-LY, adv. With ease or quiet. Sherwood. 

KAS'EL, n. The frame on which painters place their canvas. 

EASE'LESS, a. Wanting ease. Donne. 

EASE'MENT, n. 1. Convenience ; accommodation ; that 
which gives ease, relief or assistance. Swift. — 2. In law, 
any privilege or convenience which one man has of an- 
other, either by prescription or charter, without profit ; 

_ as a way through his land, &c. 

EAS'I-LY, adv. 1. Without difficulty or great labor; with- 
out great exertion, or sacrifice of labor or expense. 2. 
Without pain, anxiety or disturbance ; in tranquillity. 3. 
Readily ; without the pain of reluctance. 4. Smoothly ; 
quietly ; gently ; without tumult or discord. 5. Without 
violent shaking or jolting. 


eAS^I-NESS, 11 . 1. Freedom from difficulty ; ease, i?/ 
Flexibility ; readiness to comply ; prompt compliance ; a 
yielding or disposition to yield without opposition or re- 
luctance. 3. Freedom from stiffness, constraint, effort or 
formality. 4. Rest ; tranquillity ; ease ; freedom from 
pain. Rayc 5. Freedom from shaking or jolting, as of a 
_ moving vehicle. 6. Softness. 

eAS'INGS, 11 . plu. 1. The eaves of hoitses. Grose. J\Torth 
_ of England. 2. Dung ; as, cow’s easings. Craven Dialects 
EAST, n. [Sax. east.] J. The point in the heavens, where 
the sun is seen to rise at the equinox, or when it is in the 
equinoctial, or the corresponding point on the earth ; one 
of the four cardinal points. 2. I'he eastern parts of the 
earth ; the regions or countries which lie east of Euroi>e, 

_ or other country. 

east, a. Towards the rising sun ; or towards the point 
_ wlie^e the sun rises, when in the equinoctial. 
eAS'IER, n. [Sax. easter.] A festival of the Christian 
church, observed in commemoration of our Savior’s res- 
urrection. It answers to the pascha or passover of the 
Hebrews, and most nations still give it this name, pascha, 
pash, paqve. 

eAS'TER-LING, 72. 1. A native of some country eastward 
of another. 2. A species of waterfowl. 

EAS'TER-LING. See Sterling. 

eAS'TER-LY, a. 1. Coming from the eastward. 2. Situ- 
ated towards the east. 3. Towards the east. 4. Looking 
_ towards tlie east. 

eAS'TER-LY, adv. On the east ; in the direction of east, 
EAS'TERN, a. [Sax. eastern.'] 1. Oriental ; being or 
dwelling in the east. 2. Situated towards the east ; on 
the east part. 3. Going towards the east, or in the direc- 
_ tion of east. 

eAST'WARD, adv. Toward the east ; in the direction of 
_ east from some point or place. 

eAS'Y, (e'zy) a. 1. Ouiet ;i being at rest ; free from pain, 
disturbance or annoyance. 2. Free from anxiety, care, 
solicitude or peevishness; quiet ; tranquil. 3. Giving no 
pain or disturbance. 4. Not difficult ; that gives or re- 
quires no great labor or exertion ; that presents no great 
obstacles. 5. Not causing labor or difficulty. 6. Smooth ; 
not uneven ; not rough or very hilly ; that may be trav- 
eled with ease. 7. Gentle ; moderate ; not pressing. 8. 
Yielding witli little or no resistance ; complying ; credu- 
lous. 0. Ready; not unwilling. 10. Contented; satis- 
fied. 11. Giving ease ; freeing from labor, care or the 
fatigue of business ; furnisliing abundance without toil ; 
affluent. 12. Not constrained ; not stiff or formal. 13. 
Smooth ; flowing ; not harsh. 14. Not jolting. 15. Not 
heavy or burdensome. 

EAT, V. t. ; pret. ate ,• pp. eat or eaten. [Sax. hitan, catan, 
ytan and etan.] 1. To bite or chew and swallow, as food. 
2. To corrode ; to wear away ; to separate parts of a thing 
gradually. 3. To consume ; to waste. 4. To enjoy. 5. 
To consume ; to oppress. 6. To feast. — In Scripture, to 
eat the flesh of Christ, is to believe on him and be nour- 
ished by faith. — To eat one^s words, is to swallow back ; 
_ to take back what has been uttered ; to retract. Iludibras. 
EAT, V. i. 1. To take food ; to feed ; to take a meal, or to 
board. 2. To take food ; to be maintained in food. — I'o 
eat, or to eat in or into, is to make way by corrosion ; to 
gnaw ; to enter by gradually wearing or separating the 
_ parts of a substance. — To eat out, to consume. 
eAT'A-BLE, a. That may be eaten ; fit to be eaten ; proper 
_ for food ; esculent. 

eAT'A-BLE, 71. Any thing that may be eaten ; that which 
_ is fit for food ; that which is used as food. 

E AT' AGE, 72. Food for horses and cattle from the after- 
math. See After-eatage. 

EAT'EN, (e'tn) pp. Chewed and swallowed ; consumed ; 
_ corroded. 

eAT'ER, n. One who eats ; that which eats or corrodes ; a 
corrosive. 

t_EATH, a. and adv. Easy ; easily. 

eAT'ING, ppr. Chewing and swallowing ; consuming ; 
corroding. 

EAT'ING-IIOUSE, n. A house where provisions are sold 
_ ready dressed. 

EAV'ER,or EEV'ER, n. A corner or quarter of the heavens; 

as, the wind is in the rainy eaver. Cheshire Gloss. 
EAVES, 72. plu. [Sax. efese.] The edge or lower border of 
the roof of a building, which overhangs the walls, and 
casts off the wmter that falls on the roof. 

EAVES'-DROP, V. i. To stand under the eaves or near the 
windows of a house, to listen and learn wirat is said 
within doors. 

eAVES'-DROP'-PER, 72. One wffio stands under the eaves 
or near the window or door of a house, to listen and hear 
what is said within doors. 

EBB, 72 . ebbe, ebba.] 1. The reflux of the tide ; the 

return of tide water towards the sea ; opposed to flood or 
flowing. 2. Decline ; decay ; a falling from a better to a 
worse state. 

EBB, V. i. [Sax. ebban.] 1. To flow back ; to return, as the 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete, 


ECH 


284 ECS 


water of a tide towards the ocean; 3pposed to Jiow. 2. 
To decay ; to decline ; to return or fall back from a better 
to a worse state. 

ppr. Flowing back ; declining; decaying. 

KBBTNG, n. The reflux of the tide. 

EBB TlD£, n. The reflux of tide-water ; the retiring tide. 

t EB'ENj Or f EB'ON, n. The same as ebony. 

EB'I-0-J\TTE, 71. The Ebiowites were heretics who denied 
the divinity of Christ, and rejected many parts of the 
Scriptures. 

EB'l-0-i\iTE, a. Relating to the heresy of the Ebionites. 
TV hist on. 

EB'ON, a. Consisting of ebony ; like ebony ; black. 

EB'O-NIZE, V. t. To make black or tawny ; to tinge with 
tlie color of ebony. TValsh. 

EB'O-NY, n. [L. ebenus.] A species of hard, heavy and 
durable wood, which adinits of a fine polish or gloss. 

EB'O NY-TREE, n. The ebenus, a small tree. 

E-BRAC TE-ATE, a. In botany, without a bractea or floral 
leaf. 

E-BRFE-TY, n. [L. ehrietas.'] Drunkenness ; intoxication 
by spirituous liquors. 

E-BRiL'LADE, n. [Fr.] A check given to a horse, by a 
sudden jerk of one rein, when he refuses to turn. 

E-BRl-OS'1-TY, n. [L. ebriositas.] Habitual drunkenness. 

E-BUL'LIEN-CY, 71. [See Ehullition.] A boiling over. 
Cudwortli. 

£-BUL'LlENT, a. Boiling over, as a liquor. Young. 

EB-UL-LI"TION, n. [L. cbullitio.] 1. The operation of 
boiling ; the agitation of a liquor by heat, which throws it 
up in bubbles. 2. Efiervescence, which is occasioned by 
fermentation, or by any other process which causes the 
extrication of an aeriform fluid, as in the mixture of an 
acid with a carbonated alkali. 

E-C A (J'D ATE, a. In botany, without a tail or spur. 

E€-CEN'TRI€, ) a. [L. ecceiitricus.] 1. Deviating or 

EC-CEN^TRl-CAL, | departing from the centre. — 2. In 
geometry, not having the same centre. 3. Not terminat- 
ing in tlie same point, nor directed by the same principle. 
4. Deviating from stated methods, usual practice or estab- 
lished forms or law's; irregular; anomalous; departing 
from the usual course ; as, an eccentric genius. 

EC-CPjN'TRIC, n. 1. A circle not having the same centre 
as another. 2. That which is irregular or anomalous. 

EG-CEN-TRIC'I-TY, n. 1. Deviation from a centre. 2. 
Tlie state of having a centre difierent from that of another 
circle. — 3. In astronomy, the distance of the centre of a 
planet’s orbit from the centre of the sun ; that is, the dis- 
tance betw'een the centre of an ellipse and its focus. 4. 
Departure or deviation from tliat which is stated, regular 
or usual. .5. Excursion from the proper sphere. 

EC-GflY-MO'StS, n. [Gr. cxYu/xWcrtf.] In medicine, an 
appearance of livid spots on the skin, occasioned by ex- 
travasated blood. 

EG-GLE-SI-AS'TES, n. [Gr.] A canonical book of the Old 
Testament. 

EC-€LE-SI-AS'TI€, ) a. [Gr. eic/cXj/ataort/coj.] Pertain- 

Ee-GLE-SI-AS'TI-€AL, j ing or relating to the church. — 
Ecclesiastical state is the body of the clergy. 

E€-OLE-SI-AS'TIO, n. A person in orders, or consecrated 
to the service of the church and the ministry of religion. 

EG-€LE-SI-AS'TI-€US, n. A book of the Apocrypha. 

EG-€0-PR0T'I€, a. [Gr. ck and >co7rpos*] Having the qual- 
ity of promoting alvine discharges ; laxative ; loosening ; 
gently cathartic. 

E€-GO-PllOT'I€, n. A medicine which purges gently ; a 
mild cathartic. Coze. 

EUH-E-LON', n. [Fr.] In military tactics, the position of 
an army in the form of steps, or with one division more 
advanced than another. TVellington. 

EGIPl-NATE, ) a. [L. ec/iimis.] Set with prickles; 

EGIPI-NA-TED, j prickly, like a hedgehog ; having sharp 
points; bristled. Martyn. 

EGIIHN-ITE, n. A fossil found in chalk pits, called cen- 
tra nia. 

E-€HI'NUS, 71. [L.] 1. A hedgehog. 2. A shell-fish set 
with prickles or spines. — 3. With botanists, a prickly head 
or top of a plant ; an echinated pericarp. — 1. In architec- 
ture, a member or ornament near the bottom of Ionic, 
Corinthian or Composite capitals. 

ECH'O, 71. [L. echo.'] 1. A sound reflected or reverberated 
from a solid body ; sound returned ; repercussion of sound. 
— 2. In fabulous history, a nymph, the daughter of the 
Air and Tellus, who pined into a sound, for love of Nar- 
cissus. — 3. In architecture, a vault or arch for redoubling 
sounds. 

ECIPO, V. i. 1. To resound ; to reflect sound. 2. To be 
sounded back. 

ECH'O, V. t. To reverberate or send back sound ; to return 
what has been uttered. 

ECH'OED, pp. Reverberated, as sound. 

ECH'O-ING, ppr. Sending back sound. 

E-€HOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. p.crpov.] Among musi- 


cians, a scale or rule, serving to measure the duration Oi 
sounds. 

E-CllOM'E-TRY, n. 1. The art or act of measuring the 
duration of sounds. 2. The art of constructing vaults to 
jiroduce echoes. 

E-CLa1R'CiSE, V. t. [Fr. eclaircir.] To make clear; to 
explain ; to clear up what is not understood or misunder- 
stood. 

* E-CLaIR'CISSE-MENT, (ek-klare'seez-md 7i. [Fr.] 
Explanation ; the clearing up of any thing not before un- 
derstood. 

E-CLAMP'SY", 71. [Gr. cK'Xapipis.] A shining ; a flashing 
of light ; a symptom of epilepsy. Hence, epilepsy itself. 

* E-CEAT', (e-klii') n. [Fr.] 1. A burst of applause ; accla- 
mation ; applause; approbation; renown. 2. fc'plendor; 
show ; pomp. 

EC-LEC'TIC, a. [Gr. c/cXc/criico?.] Selecting ; choosing ; 
an epithet given to certain pliilosophers of antiquity, w'ho 
did not attach themselves to any particular sect, but select- 
ed from the opinions and principles of each what they 
thought solid and good. 

EC-LEC'TIC, 71. 1. A philosopher who selected from the 
various systems such opinions and principles as he judged 
to be sound and rational. 2. A Christian who adhered to 
the doctrines of the Eclectics. Also, one of a sect of phy- 
sicians. 

EC-LEC'TI-CAL-LY, adv. By w'ay of choosing or select- 
ing ; in the manner of the eclectical philosophers. 

EC-LEGM', (ek-lem') ?i. [Gr. ck and Xft;^w.] A medicine 
made by the incorporation of oils with sirups. 

E-CLiPjSE', (e-klips') n. [L. eclipsis.] 1 . Literally, a defect or 
failure ; hence, in astronopiy, an interception or obscura- 
tion of the light of the sun, moon or other luminous body. 
2. Darkness ; obscuration. 

E-CLIPiSE', (e-klips') v. t. 1. To hide a luminous body, in 
whole or in part, and intercept its rays. 2. I'o obscure ; 
to darken, by intercepting the rays of light which render 
luminous. 3. To cloud ; to darken ; to obscure. 4. To 
disgrace. 5. To extinguish. 

E-CLiPSE', (e-klips') v. i. To suffer an eclipse. Milton. 

E-CLiPfc'£D, (e-klipst') pp. Concealed; darkened; obscur- 
ed ; disgraced. 

E-CLIPS'ING, ppr. Concealing; obscuring; darkening; 
clouding. 

E-CLIP'TIC, 71. [Gr. e/cXct-riKoj.] 1. A great circle of the 
sphere supposed to be drawn through the middle of the 
zodiac, making an angle w-ith the equinoctial of 23® 30', 
W'hich is the sun’s greatest declination. The ecliptic is 
the apparent path of the sun. — 2. In geography, _ great 
circle on the terrestrial globe, answering to and falling 
within the plane of the celestial ecliptic. 

E-CLlP'TIC, a. Pertaining to or described by the ecliptic. 
2. Suffering an eclipse. Herbert. 

EC'LOGUE, (ek'log) n. [Gr. fKXoyi?.] A pastoral poem, in 
w'hich shepherds are introduced conversing with each 
other. 

EC-O-NOM'IC, ) a. 1. Pertaining to the regulation of 

EC-O-NOM'l-CAL, \ household concerns. 2. Managing 
domestic or public pecuniary concerns with frugality. 3. 
Frugal; regulated by frugality; not w'asteful or extravagant. 

EC-0-i\'OM'I-CAL-LY, ado. With economy; with frugality. 

E-CON'O-MIST, n. J. One wdio manages domestic or other 
concerns wdth frugality. 2. One who writes on economy ; 
the writer of a treatise on economy. 

E-CON'O-MiZE, V. i. To manage pecuniary concerns with 
frugality ; to make a prudent use of money, or of the 
means of saving or acquiring property. 

E-CON'O-MTZE, v. t. To use with prudence; to expend 
with frugality. 

E-CON'O-MiZED, pp. Used with frugality. 

E-CON'O-MiZ-ING, ppr. Using with frugality. 

E-CON O-MY, n. [L. oecononna.] 1. 'The management, 
regulation and government of a family or the concerns of 
a liouseliold. 2. The management of pecuniary concerns 
or the expenditure of money. 3. A frugal and judicious 
use of money ; frugality in the necessary expenditure of 
money. It differs from parsimony, which implies an im- 
proper saving of expense. — 4. The disposition or arrange- 
ment of any w'ork. Dryden. 5. A system of rules, regu- 
lations, rites and ceremonies. 6. The regular operations 
of nature in the generation, nutrition and preservation of 
animals or plants. 7. Distribution or due order of things. 
8. Judicious and frugal management of public affairs. 9 
System of management ; general regulation and disposi- 
tion of the affairs of a state or nation, or of any depart- 
ment of government. 

EC-PHRAC'TIC. a. [Gr. ck and 0parrw.] In medicine, de- 
obstruent ; attenuating. 

EC-PHRAC'TIC, n. A medicine which dissolves or atten- 
uates viscid matter, and removes obstructions. 

EC'STA-SIED, a. Enraptured ; ravished ; transported ; de- 
lighted. 

EC'STA-SY, 71. [Gr. CKcracis.] 1. A fixed state ; a trance ; 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


EDG 


a state in which the mind is arrested and fixed, or, as we 
say, lost ; a state in which ilie functions of tlie senses are 
suspended by the contemplation of some extraordinary or 
supernatural object. 2. Hx'cessi\ e joy ; rapture ; a de- 
gree of delight that arrests the whole mind. 3. Enthusi- 
asm ; excessive elevation and absorption of mind ; ex- 
treme delight. 4. Excessive grief or anxiety 5 [not used.'] 
Shale. 5. Madness ; distraction j [not used.] Shak. — 6. In 
medicine^ a species of catalepsy, when the person remem- 
bers, after the paroxysm is over, the idea.s he had during 
the tit. 

E€'riTA-SY, V. t. To fill with rapture or enthusiasm, 
EE-ST.-VT^IE, )a. 1. Arresting the mind ; suspending 
E€-STATT-€AL, | the senses ; entrancing. 2. Raptur- 
ous ; transporting j ravishing ; delightful beyond measure. 
3. Tending to external objects 5 [not wsed.] 

EC TA-PAL, a. Taken from the original. Kllis. 
t EC TAPE, n. [Gr. cktutto?.] A copy. Locke. 
EC-U-MEN'IC, \ a. [Gr. oiKovytviKos.] General 5 uni- 
EC-U-MEN'l-CAL, j versal. 

EC'U-RIE, 11 . [Fr.J A stable ; a covered place for horses. 
E-Da CIOCS, a. [L. edax.] Eating; given to eating ; gree- 
dy ; voracious. 

E-DAC'I-TY, n. [L. edacitas.] Greediness ; voracity ; rav- 
enousness ; rapacity. 

ED'DER, n. [qu. Sax. eder.] In husbandry, such wood as 
is worked into the top of hedge-stakes to bind them to- 
gether. 

ED'DER, 71. [Sax. (T«cr.] A viper. 

ED'DER, V. t. To bind or make tight by odder ; to fasten 
the tops of hedge-stakes, by interweaving odder. Eng- 
land. 

ED'DISII, or eAD'ISH, n. The latter pasture or grass that 
comes after mowing or reaping; called also cagrass, 
cars/i, etch. [JVot used, I believe, in AmeHca.] 

ED DOES, or ED'DERS, n. A name given to a variety of 
the arum esculentum, an esculent root. 

ED DY, n. [Sax. ed and ea.] J. A current of water running 
back, or in a direction contrary to the main stream. 2. A 
whirlpool ; a current of water or air in a circular direction. 
ED'DY, V. i. To move circularly, or as an eddy. 

ED'DY, a. \Miirling ; moving circularly. Vryden. 
ED'DY-WA'TER, n. Among seamen, the water which 
falls back on the rudder of a ship under sail, called dead- 
'icatcr. 

ED'DY-WIND, 71. The wind returned or beat back from a 
sail, a mountain or any thing that hinders its passage. 

ED E-LlTE, n. A siliceous stone of a light gray color. 
E-DEM'A-TOUS, a. [Gr. oi6yya.] Swelling with a serous 
humor ; dropsical. 

E-LEN, n. [Heb.] The country and garden in whicli Adam 
_ and Eve were placed by God himself. 

E'DEN-TZED, a. Admitted into Paradise. Davies. 
E-DEN'TA-TED, a. [L. edentatus.] Destitute or deprived 
of teeth. Diet. 

t E-DEX-Ta'TION, 71. A pulling out of teeth. Cockeram. 
EDGE, 77. [Sax. ecg ; Dan. c/r.] J. In i\ general sense, the 
extreme border or point of any thing. It is particularly 
applied to tlie sharp border, the thin cutting extremity of 
an instrument. — ^2. Figuratively, that which cuts or pene- 
trates ; that which wounds or injures. 3. A narrow part 
rising from a broader. 4. Sharpness of mind or appe- 
tite ; keenness; intenseness of desire; fitness for action 
or operation. 5. Keenness; sharpness; acrimony. — To 
set the teeth on edge, to cause a tingling or grating sensa- 
tion in the teeth. Bacon. 

EDGE, V. t. [W. hogi; Sax. eggian.] 1. To sharpen. 2. 
To furnish witli an edge. 3.^ To border ; to fringe. 4. 
To border ; to furnish with an ornamental border. 5. To 
sharpen ; to exasperate ; to embitter. 6 I’o incite ; to 
provoke ; to urge on ; to instigate ; that is, to nusli on as 
with a sharp paint ; to goad. 7. To move sideways ; to 
move by little and little. 

EDGE, v.i. J. To move sideways; to move gradually. 
2. To sail close to the wind. — To edge array, in sailing, 
is to decline gradually from the shore or from the line of 
the course. — To edge in latk, to draw near to, as a ship in 
chasing. 

EDGE!), pp. 1. Furnished with an edge or border. 2. In- 
cited ; instigated. 3. a. Sharp ; keen. 

EDGE'LESS, a. Not sharp ; blunt ; obtuse ; unfit to cut or 
penetrate. Sltak. 

EDGF/TOOL, n. An instrument liaving a sharp edge. 
EDGE'WISE, adv. 1. With the edge turned forward, or 
towards a particular point ; in the direction of the edge. 
2. Fideways ; with the side foremost. 

EDG'ING, ppr. 1. Giving an edge; furnishing with an 
edge. 2. Inciting; urging on; goading; stimulating; 
instigating. 3. Moving gradually or sideways. 4. Fur- 
nishing with a border. 

EDG'iNG, n. 1. That which is added on the border, or 
which forms the edge ; as lace, fringe, trimming, added 
to a garment for ornament. 2. A narrow lace. — 3. In 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BliLL, UNITE.— 


EDU 

gardening, a row of small plants set along the border of a 
fiower-bed. 

ED'l-BLE, a. [L. edo.] Eatable ; fit to be eaten as food j 
esculent. 

* K'DIET, n. [L. edictum.] That which is uttered or pro- 
claimed by authority as a rule of action ; an order issued 
by a prince to his subjects, as a rule or law requiring obe- 
dience ; a proclamation of command or prohibition. 

ED'1-FI-€ANT, or E-D1F'1-€ANT, a. Building. [Little 
'U.scd* J 

I^-I-PT-Ga'TION, 71. [L. aadijicatio .] 1. A building up, in 
a moral and religious sense ; instruction ; improvement 
and progress of the mind, in knowledge, in morals, or in 
faith and holiness. 2. Instruction ; improvement of the 
mind in any species of useful knowledge. 

ED'I-FI-€A-TO-RY, or E-DIF'I-€A-TO-RY, a. Tending 
to edification. Hall. 

ED'I-FiCE, 71. [L. cedificium.] A building ; a structure ; a 
fabric; but appropnately, a large or splendid building. 

ED-1-Fr'ClAL, a. Pertaining to edifices or to structure. 

ED'I-FiED, pp. Instructed ; improved in literary, moral or 
religious knowledge. 

ED'I-FI-ER, n. One that improves another by instructing 
him. 

ED'I-FA^, V. t. [L. ccdifico.] 1. To build, in a literal sense ; 
[not noiD used.] 2. To instruct and improve the mind in 
knowledge generally, and particularly in moral and reli- 
gious knowledge, in faith >and holiness. 3. To teach or 
persuade ; [not 77*’ed.] 

ED'I-FA-iNG, ppr. Building up in Christian knowledge ; 
instructing ; improving the mind. 

ED'I-FY-ING-LY, adv. In an edifying manner. 

E'DiLE, 71. [L. addis.] A Roman magistrate whose chief 
business was to superintend buildings cf all kinds, more 

_ especially’ public edifices, temples, bridges, aqueducts, &,c. 

E'DILE-SIIIP, 71. The office of edile in ancient Rome. 

ED'IT, V. t. [L. edo.] 1. Properly, to publish ; more usu- 
ally, to superintend a publication ; to prepare a book or 
paper for the public eye, by writing, correcting or select- 
ing the matter. 2. To publish. 

ED'iT-ED, pp. Published ; corrected ; prepared and pub- 
lished. 

ED'IT-ING, ppr. Publishing ; preparing fer publication. 

£-DI"TION, 71. ['L. editio.'] J. The publication of any book 
or writing. 2. Republication ; sometimes with revision 
and correction. 3. Any publication of a book before pub- 
lished ; also, one impression or the w'hole number of 
copies published at once. 

t E-l)I"TlON-ER, n. The old word for editor. Gregory. 

ED'I-TOR, n. [L.l 1. A pwhlisher particularly, a person 
who superintends an impression of a book ; the person 
who revises, corrects and prepares a book for publication. 
2. One who superintends the publication of a newspaper. 

ED-I-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an editor; written by an 
editor. 

ED'I-TOR-SHIP, 77. The business of an editor. 

I E-DIT'U-ATE, V. t. [Low L. udiUior.] To defend or 
govern the house or temple. 

ED'U-CATE, V. t. [L. cduco.] To bring up, as a child ; to 
instruct ^ to inform and enlighten the understanding ; to 
instill into the mind principles of arts, science, morals, 
religion and behavior. 

ED'U-€A-'PED, pp. Brought up ; instructed ; furnished 
with knowledge or principles ; trained ; disciplined. 

ED'U-€A-TING, ppr. Instructing; enlightening tJie under- 
standing, and forming the manners. 

ED-U-Ga TION, 77. [L* eduratio.] The bringing up, as of a 
child ; instruction ; formation of manners. 

ED-U-Ga'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to education ; derived 
from education. Smith. 

EDU-GA-TOR, 77. One who educates. Beddoes. 

E-DuCE', V. t. [L. educo.] To bring or draw out; to ex- 
tract ; to produce from a state of occultation. 

E-DU'CED, (e-dust') pp. Drawn forth; extracted; pro- 
duced. 

E-Du'ClNG, ppr. Drawing forth ; producing. 

K'DUfJT, 72. [~L. eductum ] Extracted matter ; that which 
is educed. 

E-DUG'TION, 77. The act of drawing out or bringing into 
view. 

E DUGT'OR, 77. That which brings forth, elicits or extracts. 

E-DUL'GO-RATE, v. t. [Low L. edulco.] 1. To purify ; to 
sweeten. — In chemistry, io render substances more mild, 
by freeing them from acids and salts or other s(4uble im- 
purities, by washing. 2. To stveeten, by adding sugar, 
simp, &c. 

E-Dl L'GO-RA TED, pp. Sweetened ; purified from acid or 
saline substances, and rendered more mild. 

E-DUL'Gu-RA-TlNG, ppr. Sweetening; rendering more 
mild. 

E-DUL-€0-Ra'TION, 77. 1. The act of sweetening or ren- 
dering more mild, by freeing from acid or saline sub- 
stances, or from any soluble impurities. 2. 3 he act of 
sweetening by admixture of some saccharine substance. 


as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as £U ; Til as in this, f Obsolete. 


I 


EFF 286 EFF 


^-DUL'€ 0 -RA-TIVE, a. Having the quality of sweetening. 

EEK. See Eke. 

EEL, 71. [Sax. cbL] A species of muroena^ a genus of fishes 
belonging to the order anodes. 

EEL'-FISH-IKG, n. The act or art of catching eels. 

EEL'POT. 71 . A kind of basket used for catching eels. 

EEL'FOUT, 7t. A species of gadiiSj resembling an eel. 

EEL'SKIN, 71 . The skin of an eel. 

EEL'SPeAR, 71 . A forked instrument used for stabbing eels. 

E’EN, contracted from even, which see. 

EFF, 71 . A lizard. 

f EF'FA-BLE, a. [L. effabilis.] Utterable j that may be ut- 
tered or spoken. 

EF-FaCE', V. t, [Fr. effacer.] 1 . To destroy a figure on the 
surface of any thing, whether painted or carved, so as to 
render it invisible or not distinguishable. 2 . To blot out ; 
to erase, strike or scratch out, so as to destroy or render 
illegible. 3 . To destroy any impression on the mind ; to 
wear away. — To deface is to injure or impair a figure 3 to 
efface is to rub out or destroy, so as to render invisible. 

EF-Fa'CED, (ef-f aste') pp. Rubbed or worn out j destroy- 
ed, as a figure or impression. 

EF-FaCING, ppr. Destroying a figure, character or im- 
pression, on any thing. 

I EF-FAS'CIN-ATE.7>. t. To bewitch ; to charm. Cocheram. 

EF-FAS-CI-Na'T 10 N, 71 . The act of being bewitched or 
deluded. Shelf ord. 

EF-FEGT', 71 . [L. effectus.'] 1 ? That which is produced by 
an agent or cause. 2 . Consequence ; event. 3 . Purpose 3 
general intent. 4 . Consequence intended 3 utility 3 profit 3 
advantage. 5 . Force 3 validity. 6. Completion 3 perfec- 
tion. 7 . Reality 3 not mere appearance 3 fact. 8. In the 
plural, effects are goods 3 movables 3 personal estate. 

EF-FECT', v.t. 1 . To produce, as a cause or agent 3 to 
cause to be. 2 . To bring to pass 3 to achieve 3 to accom- 
plish. 

EF-FECT'ED, pp. Done 3 performed 3 accomplished. 

EF-FECTT-BLE, a. That may be done or achieved 3 prac- 
ticable 5 feasible. Brown. 

EF-FECT'ING, ppr. Producing 3 performing 3 accomplish- 
ing. 

EF-FEC'TION, 7i. In geometry, a construction 3 a proposi- 
tion 3 a problem or praxis, drawn from some general 
proposition. 

EF-FECT'IVE, a. 1 . Having the power to cause or pro- 
duce 3 efficacious. 2 . Operative 3 active 3 having ♦he 
quality of producing effects. 3 . Efficient 3 causing to be. 
4 . Having the power of active operation 3 able. 

EF-FE€T'IVE-LY, adv. With effect 3 powerfully 3 with 
real operation. 

EF-FEOT'LESS, a. Without effect 3 without advantage 3 
useless. Shak. 

EF-FEGT'OR, 71 . One who effects 3 one who produces or 
causes ; a maker or creator. Derham. 

EF-FE€T^U-AL, a. 1 . Producing an effect, or the effect 
desired or intended 3 or having adequate power or force 
to produce the effect. 2 . Veracious 3 expressive of facts 3 
[not itserf.l Shak. 

EF-FEGT'U-AL-LY, adv. With effect 3 efficaciously 3 in a 
manner to produce the intended effect 3 thoroughly. 

EF-FEGT^U-AL-NESS, 71 . The quality of being effectual. 
Scott. 

EF-FEGT'U-ATE, V. t. [Fr. effectuer.] To bring to pass 3 
to achieve 3 to accomplish 3 to fullfil. Sidney. 

EF-FEeT'U-A-TED, pp. Accomplished. 

EF-FEGT'ET-A-TING, ppr. Achieving 3 performing to ef- 
fect. 

t EF-FEGT'U-OUS, a. Effectual. Barret. 

t EF-FEGT^U-OrJS-LY, adv. Effectually. Stapleton. 

EF-FEMT-NA-CY, n. 1 . The softness, delicacy and weak- 
ness in men, which are characteristic of the female sex, 
but which in males are deemed a reproach 3 unmanly 
delicacy 5 womanish softness or weakness. 2 . Voluptu- 
ousness 3 indulgence in unmanly pleasures 3 lascivious- 

TlCSSa 

EF-FEMT-NATE, a. [L. effwminattis.'] 1 . Having the 
qualities of the female sex 5 soft or delicate to an unmanly 
degree 3 tender; womanish 3 voluptuous. 2 . Womanish 3 
weak 3 resembling the practice or qualities of the sex. 
3 . Womanlike, tender, in a sense not reproachful. 

EF-FEM'I-NATE, v.t. To make womanish 3 to unman 3 
to weaken. Locke. 

EF-FEMT-NATE, v.i. To grow womanish or weak 3 to 
melt into weakness. 

EF-FE.\PI-NATE-LY, adv. 1 . In a womanish manner 3 
weakly ; softly. 2 . By means of a woman. 

EF-FEi\IT-NATE-NESS, n. Unmanlike softness. 

EF-FEM-I-Na'TION, 71 . The state of one grown woman- 
ish 3 the state of being weak or unmanly. [Little used.'] 

f EF'FE-ROUS, a. [L. efferus.] Fierce 3 wild 3 savage. 
Bp. King. 

EF-FER-VESCE', (ef-fer-ves',) v. i. [L. effervcsco.] To be 
in natural commotion, like liquor when gently boiling 3 to 
bubble and hiss, as fermenting liquors, or any fluid, when 


some part escapes in an elastic form 3 to work, as new 
wine. 

EF-FER-VES'CENCE, n. A kind of natural ebullition 3 
that commotion of a fluid, which takes place when some 
part of the mass flies off in an elastic form, producing in- 
numerable small bubbles. 

EF-FER-VES'CENT, a. Gently boiling or bubbling, by 
means of the disengagement of an elastic fluid. 

EF-FER-VES'CI-BLE, a. That has the quality of efferves- 
cing 3 capable of producing effervescence. 

EF-FER-VES'CING, ppr. Boiling 3 bubbling, by means of 
an elastic fluid extricated in the dissolution of bodies. 

EF-FkTE', a. [L. effaetus, effetus.] 1 . Barren 3 not capa- 
ble of producing young, as an animal, or fruit, as the 
earth. 2 . Worn out with age. 

EF-FI-Ga'CIOUS, a. [L. efficax.] Effectual 3 productive of 
effects 3 producing the effect intended 3 having power ad- 
equate to the purpose intended 3 powerful. 

EF-FI-Ga'CIOUS-LY, adv. Effectually 3 in such a manner 
as to produce the effect desired. 

EF-FI-Ga'C 10 US-NESS, 71 . The quality of being effica- 
cious. 

EF'FI-GA-CY, 71 . [Sp., It. efficacia.] Power to produce ef- 
fects 3 production of the effect intended. 

EF-Fi"CIENCE, } n. [L. efficiens.] 1 . The act of produ- 

EF-FI"CIEN-CY, [ cing effects 3 a causing to be or exist 3 
effectual agency. 2 . Power of producing the effect in- 
tended 3 active competent power. 

EF-FP'CIENT, a. Causing effects 3 producing 3 that causes 
any thing to be what it is. 

EF-FI"CIENT, n. 1 . The agent or cause which produces 
or causes to exist. 2 . He that makes. 

EF-FI 'CIENT-LY, adv. With effect 3 effectively. 

t EF-FIERCE' (ef-fers') v. t. To make fierce or furious. 

EF-FIG'I-AL, a. Exhibiting an effigy. Crit. Hist. Pam- 
phlets. 

f EF-FlG'I-ATE, v. t. [L. effigio.] To form in semblance 3 
to image. Dean King. 

f EF-FIG-I-a'TION, 71 . The act of imaging. Diet. 

EF'FI-GY, 71 . [L. effgies.] 1 . The image or likeness of a 
person 3 resemblance 3 representation 3 any substance fash- 
ioned into the shape of a person. 2 . Portrait 3 likeness 3 
figure, in sculpture or painting. 3 . On coins, the print or 
impression representing the head of the prince who struck 
the coin. — To burn or hang in effigy, is to burn or hang an 
image or picture of the person intended to be executed, 
disgraced or degraded. 

EF-FLaTE', V. t. [L. efflo.] To fill with breath or air. 
[Little used.] 

EF-FLO-RESCE', (ef-flo-res') v. t. [L. effloresce.] 1 . In 
chemistry, to form a mealy powder on the surface ; to be- 
come pulverulent or dusty on the surface. 2 . To form sa- 
line vegetation on the surface 3 or, rather, to shoot out mi- 
nute spicular crystals. 

EF-FLO-RES'CENCE, n. 1 . In botany, the time of flower- 
ing 3 the season when a plant shows its first blossoms. — 2. 
Among physicians, a redness of the skin 3 eruptions 3 as in 
rash, measles, small-pox, scarlatina, &c. — 3 . In chemistry, 
the formation of small white threads, resembling the sub- 
limated matter, called flowers, on the surface of certain 
bodies, as salts. 

EF-FLO-RES'CENT, a. Shooting into white threads or 
spiculce ; forming a white dust on the surface. 

EF'FLU-ENCE, n. [L. effiuens.] A flowing out 3 that wliich 
flows or issues from any body or substance. 

EF'FLU-ENT, a. Inflammatory. Chambers. 

EF-FLu'VI-UM, n. ; plu. Effluvia. [L.] The minute 
and often invisible particles which exhale from most if 
not all terrestrial bodies 3 such as the odor or smell of 
plants, and the noxious exhalations from diseased bodies, 
or putrefying animal or vegetable substances. 

EF'FLUX, n. [L. effluxus.']! . The act of flowing out, or is- 
suing ill a stream. 2. Eflusion 3 flow. 3 . 'That which 
flows out 3 emanation. 

t EF-FLUX', V. i. To run or flow' away. Boyle. 

EF-FLL^X'ION, n. [L. effiuxum.] 1 . The act of flowing 
out. 2 . That which flows out 3 effluvium; emanation. 

EF-FoRCE', V. t. [Fr. efforcer.] 1 . To force 3 to break 
through by violence. 2 . To force 3 to ravish. 3 . To 
strain 3 to exert with effort. 

t EF-FORM', V. t. To fashion 3 to shape. 

I EF-FORM-a'TION, 71 . The act of giving shape or form. 

EF'FoRT, 71 . [Fr. effort.] A straining 3 an exertion of 
strength 3 endeavor 3 strenuous exertion to accomplish an 
object. 

EF-FOS/SION, 71 . [L. effossus.] The act of digging out of 
the earth. Arbuthnot. 

|EF-FRaY', V. t. [Fr. effrayer.] To frighten. Spenser. 

t EF-FRaY'A-BLE, a. Frightful 3 dreadful. Harvey. 

t EF-FRE-Na'TION, 71 . [L. effrwnatio.] Unbridled rash- 
ness or license 3 unruliness. 

EF-FR6NT'ER-Y, 71 . [Fr. effronterie.] Impudence ; assur- 
ance 3 shameless boldness ; sauciness 3 boldness trans- 
gressing the bounds of modesty and decorum. 


* See Synopsis, a, e, T, o, U, V, FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3— f Obsolete. 


EGR 


287 


ELA 


EF-FUL6E', (ef-fulj') v, i. [L. cffulgeo.] To send forth a 
flood of light ; to shine with splendor. 

EF-FLJL'OJEx\CE, n. A flood of light j great lustre or bright- 
ness ; splendor. 

EF-FLJL'GENT, a. Shining j bright; splendid; diffusing a 
flood of light. 

EF-FUL'CJliN'G, ppr. Sending out a flood of light. Sav- 
age. 

EF-FU-MA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of flying oft’ in fumes 
or vapor. Boyle. 

f EF-Fl^ME', r. t. To breathe out. Spenser. 
t EF-FUND', V. t. [L. effundo.l To pour out. 

EF-FCSE', (elTfuze') v. t. [L. effasxis.'] To pour out, as a 
fluid ; to spill ; to slied. Milton. 
fEF-FuSE', fl. Dissipated; profuse. Richardson. 
fEF-FuSE', 71. Waste; effusion. Shah. 

EF-FuS'EI), (ef-fiizd') pp. Poured out; shed. 

EF-FuS'ING, (ef-fuz ing) ppr. Pouring out ; shedding. 
EF-FU'SION, (ef-fu'zhun) n. 1. The act of pouring out as 
a liquid. 2. The act of pouring out ; a shedding or spill- 
ing ; waste. 3. The pouring out of words. 4. The act 
of pouring out or bestowing divine influence. 5. That 
which is poured out. 6. Liberal donation ; \piot used.'] 
EF-FuSlVE, a. Pouring out; that pours forth largely. 

EFT, n. [Sax. efeta.] A newt ; an evet; the common liz- 
ard. 

tEFT, adc. [Sax.] After; again; soon; quickly. Spenser. 
i EFT-SOONS', adv. [Sax. c/t, and soiia^ sunes.l Soon after- 
wards; in a short time. Spenser. 

E. G. [L. exempli gratia.] For the sake of an example ; for 
instance. 

E-GAD', exclam. Good fortune ; as we say, my stars ! 
ii'GER, or kA'GRE, n. An impetuous flood; an irregular 
tide. Brown. 

K'GER-AN, 71. A subspecies of pyramidical garnet, 
t E-GERM'1-NATE. See Geriuinati:. 

E-GEST', V. t. [L. egestam.] To cast or throw out ; to void, 
as excrement. 

E-GES'TION, n. [L. egestio.] The act of voiding digested 
matter at the natural vent. 

EGG, n. [Sax. eeg ; Dan. eg.] A body formed in the females 
of fowls and certain other animals, containing an embryo 
or fetus of the same species, or the substance from which 
a like animal is produced. 

EGG, to incite, is a mere blunder. See Edge. 

EGG'BiRD, n. A fowl, a species of tern. Cookes Voyages. 
EG'GER, n. One who excites. Sherwood. 

EG'GER-Y. See Eyry. 

EG'GING, 71. Incitement. Cleaveland. 

E-Gl-LOP'[-€AL, a. Affected yvitli the egilops. 

E'Gf-LOPS, 7J. [Gr. aiyiXw^.] Goat’s eye; an abscess in 
the inner canthus of the eye ; fistula lachrymalis. 

E'GIS. See iEcis. 

E-GLAND'U-LOUS, a. Destitute of glands. 
EG'LAN-TINE, 77. [Fr. eglanticr.] A species of rose ; the 
sweet-brier ; a plant bearing an odoriferous flower. 
EG'LOGUE. See ffBcLOGUE. 

E'GO-ISM, or K'GO-MISM, n. [L. ego.] The opinion of 
those wlio profess themselves uncertain of every thing 
but their own existence. Baxter. 

K'GO-IST, 77. [ from L. ego.] A name given to certain fol- 
lowers of Des Cartes, who held the opinion that they were 
uncertain of every thing except their own existence, and 
the operations and ideas of tlieir own minds. 

E-Go'I-TY, 77. Personality. [JVbt authorized.] Swift. 
£'GO-TISM, 77. [Fr. egoisinc.] Primarily ^ the practice of 
too frequently using the word /. Hence, a speaking or 
writing much of one’s self; self-praise; self-commenda- 
tion ; the act or practice of magnifying one’s self, or mak- 
_ ing one’s self of importance. Spectator. 

E'GO-TIST, 77. One who repeats the word / very often in 
conversation or writing ; one who speaks much of him- 
self, or magnifies his own achievements ; one who makes 
himself the hero of every tale. 

E-GO-TIST'IG, I a. 1. Addicted to egotism. 2. Con- 
E-GO-TIST'I-CAL, \ taining egotism. 

E'GO-TiZE, V. i. To talk or write much of one’s self ; to 
mak^ pretensions to self-importance. 

E-GRe'GIOUS, a. [L. egregius.] 1. Eminent; remarka- 
ble; extraordinary; distinguished. 2. In a had sense, 
great ; extraordinary ; remarkable ; enormous ; as, an 
egregious mistake. 

E-GRe'GIOUS-LY, adv Greatly ; enormously ; shameful- 
ly ; usually in a bad sense. 

E-GRe'GIOUS-NESS, n. The state of being great or extra- 
ordinary. 

E'GRESS, 71. [L. egressus.] The act of going or issuing out, 
or the power of departing from any inclosed or confined 
place. 

E-GRES'SION, 71. [L. c^ressio.] The act of going out from 
_ any inclosure or place of confinement. 

E'GRET, 77. [Fr. aigrette.] 1. The lesser white heron, a 
fowl of the genus ardea. — 2. In botany, the flying feathery 
or hairy crown of seeds, as the down of the thistle. 


EG'RI-MO-NY, 77. 1. The herb agrimony. Cotgrave. 

_ Great sorrow ; grief. Cocker am. 

E'GRI-OT, 77. [Fr. aigre.] A kind of sour cherry. 
E-GYP'TIAN, a. Pertaining to Egypt in Africa. 
E-GYP'TIAN, 77. A native of Egypt, also, a gipsey. 
El'DER, 77. [G., Sw. eider.] A species of duck. 
EI'DER-DOWN, n Down or soft feathers of the eider 
duck. 

EIGII, (ii) exclam. An expression of sudden delight. 

EIGHT, 77. [Sax. iggat.] An island in a river. 

EIGHT, (ute) a. [Sax. cehta, eahta, or ehta ; G. acht.l 
Twice four; expressing the number twice four. 
EIGIPTEEN, (a'teen) a. Eight and ten united. 
EIGH'TEENTH, (a'teenth) a. The next in order after the 
seventeenth. 

EIGHT'FoLD, (atc'fold) a. Eight times the number or 
quantity. 

EIGHTH, (atth) a. Noting the number eight; the number 
next after seven ; the ordinal of eight. 

EIGHTH, 71. In music, an interval composed of five tones 
and two semitones. 

EIGHTH'LY, (atth'ly) adv. In the eighth place. 
ELGIPTI-ETH, (a'te-eth) a. The next in order to the seven- 
ty-ninth ; the eighth tenth. 

EIGHT'SeORE, (ate'skore) a. or n. Eight times twenty ; a 
hundred and sixty. 

EIGIPTY, (a ty) a. Eight times ten ; fourscore. 

EIGNE, (ane) a. [Norm. o7S?7e.] 1. Eldest; an epithet 

used in law to denote the eldest son. 2. Unalienable ; en- 
Jtailed ; belonging to the ehlest son ; [77ot Tised.] 
t EPSEL, 77. [Sax.] Vinegar. More. 

EI'SEN-RAIIiM, 77. The red and brown eisenrahm,the scaly 
_ red and brown hematite. 

eI'THER, a. or pron. [Sax. cegther ^ egther.'] I. One or 
another of any number. 2. One of two.. 3. Each ; every 
one, separately considered. 4. This word, when applied 
to sentences or propositions, is called a distributive or a 
conjunction. It precedes the first of two or more alterna- 
tives, and is answered by or before the second or succeed- 
ing alternatives. 

E-JAG'U-LATE, V. t. [L. ejaculor.] To throw out; to 
cast ; to shoot ; to dart. 

E-JA€-U-La'TION, n. 1. The act of throwing or darting 
out with a sudden force and rapid flight. Bacon. 2. The 
uttering of a short prayer ; or a short occasional prayer 
uttered. Taylor. 

E-JA€'U-LA-TO-RY, a. 1. Suddenly darted out ; littered 
in short sentences. 2. Sudden ; hasty. 3. Casting ; 
throwing out. 

E-JECT', V. t. [L. ejicio, ejectum.] I. To throw out; to 
cast forth ; to thrust out, as from a place inclosed or con- 
fined. 2. To discharge through the natural passages or 
emunctories ; to evacuate. 3. To throw out or expel 
from an office ; to dismiss from an office ; to turn out. 4. 
To dispossess of land or estate. 5. To drive away ; to 
expel ; to dismiss with hatred. 6. To cast away ; to re- 
ject ; to banish. 

E-JE€T'ED, pp. Thrown out; thrust out; discharged; 

evacuated ; expelled ; dismissed ; dispossessed ; rejected, 
E-JEGT'ING, Casting out ; discharging ; evacuating ; 

expelling; dispossessing; rejecting. 

E-JEC'TION, 77. [L. ejectio.] I. The act of casting out ; 
expulsion. 2. Dismission from office. 3. Dispossession ; 
a turning out from possession by force or authority. 4. 
The discliarge of any excrementitious matter through the 
pores or other emunctories ; evacuation ; vomiting. 5. 
Rejection. 

E-JECT'MENT, 77. 1. Literally, a casting out; a dispos- 
session. — 2. In law, a writ or action which lies for the re- 
covery of possession of land from which the owner has 
been ejected, and for trial of title. 

E-JE€T'0R, 77. One who ejects, or dispossesses another of 
his land. Blackstone. 

EJ-U-La'TION, 77. [L. ejulatio.] Outcry ; a wailing ; a loud 
cry expressive of grief or pain ; mourning; lamentation. 
EKE, 77. t. [Sax. eaca77.] I. To increase ; to enlarge. 2. To 
add to ; to supply what is wanted ; to enlarge by addition. 
3. To lengthen ; to prolong. Shak. 

EKE, adv. [Sax. eac.] Also ; likewise ; in addition. [Mean- 
ly obsolete.] 

EK-E-BERG'ITE, n. [from Ekeberg.] A mineral. 

F.KED, pp. Increased ; lengthened. 

kK'ING, 7 /pr. Increasing; augmenting; lengthening. 

eK'ING, 77. Increase or addition. 

E-LA, 77. The highest note in the scale of music. 
E-LAB'0~RATE, V. t. [L. elaboro.] 1. To produce with 
labor. 2. To improve or refine by successive operations 
E-LAB'O-RATE, a. [L. elaboratus.] Wrought with labor; 
finished with great diligence ; studied ; executed with 

0XQ.Ctll0SS* 

E-LAB'0-R*A-TED, pp. Produced with labor or study; im- 
proved. 

E-L AB'O-RATE-LY, adv. With great labor or study ; with 
nice regard to exactness. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BULL, UNITE. — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH j TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


ELE 


288 


ELE 


E-L AB'O-RATE-NESS, 71. The quality of being elaborate, 
or wrought with great labor. 

E-LAB'O-K ppr. Producing with labor; improv- 
ing ; refining by successive operations. 

E LAB-O-ltA'i’iON, n. Improvement or refinement by suc- 
cessive operations. Ray. 

E-LaIN', 71. [Gr. eXaivof.] The oily or liquid principle of 
oils and fats. Ckevi'eul, 

t E-LAMP'ING, a. Shining. 

E-LANCE', V. t. f Fr. elancer.] To throw or shoot ; to hurl ; 

_ to dart. 

E'LAND, 11 . A species of clumsy antelope in Africa. 

E-La'O-LITE, 71 . A mineral, called also fcttstein [fat-stone] 
frt.n its greasy appearance. 

E-LAPSE', (e-laps') v. i. [L. elapsus.] To slide away ; to 
slip or glide away ; to pass away silently, as lime. 

E-LAPS'ED, (e-lapst') pp. Slid or passed away, a^ time. 

E-LAPS'ING, ppr. Sliding away ; gliding or passing away 
silently, as time. 

E-LAS'TIC, 1 a. [Fr. elastique ; It., Sp. elastico.'^ 

E-LAS-TI-CAL, ) Springing back ; having the power ot 
returning to the form from which it is bent, extended, 
pressed or distorted ; having the inherent property of re- 
covering its former figure, after any external pressure, 
which has altered that figure, is removed ; rebounding ; 
flying back. 

E-LAS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In an elastic manner ; by an elas- 
tic i»ower ; with a spring. Lee. 

E-LAS-TIC I-TV, 71. The inherent property in bodies, by 
wliich they recover their former figure or state, after ex- 
ternal pressure, tension or distortion. 

E-LaTE', a. [L. elatus.] Raised; elevated in mind; 
flushed, as with success ; lofty ; haughty. 

E-LaTE', V. t. 1. To ’•aise or swell, as the mind or spirits ; 
to elevate with success ; to puff up ; to make proud. 2. 
To raise ; to exalt ; [unusual.] 

E-LaT'ED, pp. Elevated in mind or spirits ; puffed up, as 
with honor, success or prosperity. 

E-LAT'EO-Lif, ado. With elation. 

EL-A-Te'IU-UM, n. A substance deposited from the very 
acrid juice of the momordica elateriuvij wild cucumber. 

EL'A-TE-RV, 71. [Gr. cXarapa.J Acting force or elastic- 
ity. [[/nusual.] Ray. 

EL'A-TIN, ti. The active principle of the elaterixm. 

E-IjA‘T 10N, 71. An inflation or elevation of mind pro- 
ceeding from self-approbation ; seli-esteem, vanity or 
pride, resulting from success. Hence, haughtiness ; pride 
of prosperity. 

E-LA'^rOR, 71. One who or that which elates. CudwortJi. 

EL'IioW, 71. [Sax. elnho(ra, or elneboga.] 1. The outer 
angle made by the bend of the arm. 2. Any flexure or 
angle ; the obtuse angle of a wall, building or road. — I'o 
be at the elbow, is to be very near : to be by the side ; to 
be a^ hana. 

EL'BoW, V. t. 1. To push with the elbow. Dryden. 2. To 
push or drive fo a distance ; to encroach on. 

EL'BoW, V. i. To Jut into an angle ; to project ; to bend. 

EL'BdW-CH AIR, n. A chair with arms to support the 
elbows ; an arm-chair. Gay. 

EL'BoW-ROOM, 77,. Room to extend the elbows on each 
side ; hence, in its usual acceptation ^ perfect fieedom from 
confinement ; ample room for motion or action. 

fELl), 71. [riax. eld, or celd.] 1. Old age; decrepitude. 
Spenser. 2. Old people ; persons worn out With age. 

ELD'ER, a. [Sax. ealdur, the comparative degree ot eld, 
now written old. See Old.] 1. Older; senior; having 
lived a longer time ; born, produced or formed before 
something else. 2. Prior in origin ; preceding in the date 
of a commission. 

ELD'ER, 77. 1. One who is older than another or others. 
2. An ancestor. 3. A person advanced in life, and wlio, 
on account of his age, experience and wisdom, is selected 
for oitice. 

ELD'ER, n. [Sax. ellarn.] A tree or genus of trees, the 
sambucus, of several species. 

ELD ER-LY, a. Somewhat old ; advanced beyond middle 
age ; bordering on old age. 

ELD'ER-SHSP, n. 1. Seniority; the state of being older. 
2. 'J'he office of an elder. 3. Presbytery ; order of elders. 

ELD EST, a. [Sax. ealdest, superlative of eld, old.] Oldest ; 
most advanced in age ; that was born before others. 

ELDING, 77. [Sax. a.“/a77.] Fuel. [Local.] Grose. 

EL-E-A'l 'lG, a. An epithet given to a certain sect of phi- 
losophers, so called from the town of Elea. 

EL-E-GAM-PaNE', 77 . A genus of plants, the inula, of 
many species. 

E-LEC'F', 77. t. [L. electus.] 1. To pick out; to select, 
fiom among two or more, that which is preferred. 2. To 
select or take from an office or employment ; to choose 
from among a number ; '.o select or manifest preference by 
vote or designation. — 3. In theology, to designate, choose or 
select as an object of mercy or favor. 4. To choose ; to 
prefer ; to determine in lavor of. 


E-LE€T^, a. 1. Chosen ; taken by preference from among 
two or more. — 2. In tkeolotry, chosen as the object ot 
mercy ; chosen, selected or designated to eternal life ; pre- 
destinated in the d'vine counsels. 3. Chosen, but not in- 
augurated, consecrated or invested with olfice. 

E-LECT', 77. 1. One chosen or set apart. 2. Chosen or de- 
signated by God to salvaticm ; predestinated to glory as 
the end, and to sanctification as the means. 3. Chosen; 
selected ; set apart <as a peculiar churcJi and people. 

|E-LEC'J’'ANT, 77. Ojie wlio has the power of choosing. 
Seai'cli. 

E-LECT'ED, pp. Chosen ; preferred ; designated to olfice 
by some act of the constituents, as by vote ; chosen or 
predestinated to eternal life. 

E-LECT'ING, ppr. Choosing ; selecting from a number ; 
preferring ; designating to office by choice or preference ; 
designating or predestinating to eternal salvation. 

E-LEC'TION, 77. [L. electio.] 1. The act of choosing; 
clioice ; the act oi selecting one or more from others. 2. 
TJie act of choosing a person to fill an office or employ- 
ment, by any manifestation of preference, as by ballot, 
uplifted hands, or vioa voce. 3. Choice ; voluntary prefer- 
ence ; free will ; liberty to act or not. 4. Bower of choos- 
ing or selecting. 5. Discernment ; discrimination ; dis- 
tinction. — 6. In theology, divine choice ; predetermination 
of God, by which persons ar^ distinguished as objects of 
mercy, become subjects of grace, are sanctified and pre- 
pared for heaven. 7. The public choice of officers. 8. 
3'he day of a public choice of officers. 9. Those who are 
elected. 

E-LEC-TION-EER', v. i. To make interest for a candidate 
at an election ; to use arts for securing the election of a 
candidate. 

E-LEC-TION-EER'ING, ppr. Using influence to procure 
the election of a person. 

E-LEC-TION-EER'ING, n. The arts or practices used for 
securing the choice of one to office. 

E-LECT'IVE, a. 1. Dependent on choice. 2. Bestowed or 
passing by election. 3. Bertaining to or consisting in 
choice or right of choosing. 4. Exerting the power of 
choice. 5. {Selecting for combination. 

E-LECT'IV’^E-LY, ado. By choice; with preference of one 
to another. 

E-LECT'OR, 77. One tvho elects, or one who has the right 
of choice ; a person who has, by law or constitution, tlie 
right of voting for an officer. 

E-LECT'O-RAL, a. Bertaining to election or electors. 

fE-LEC TO-RAL'I-TY, 77. Electorate. 

E-LECT'O-RATE, n. 1. The dignity of an elector in the 
German empire. 2. The territory of an elector, in the 
German empire. 

E-LEC'TOR-ESS, 77. The same as electress. 

f E-LEC'TRE, 77. [L. electrum.] Amber. 

E-LEC'J’'RESS, 77. The wife or widow of an elector in the 
German empire. Chesterfield. 

E-LEC'TRIC, or E-LE€'TRI-CAL, a. [Fr. electrique.] 1. 
Containing electricity, or capable of exhibiting it when 
excited by friction. — 2. In general, pertaining to electric- 
ity. 3. Derived from or produced by electricity. 4. 
Communicating a shock like electricity. 

E-LEC'TRIC, 77. Any body or substance capable of exhib- 
iting electricity by means of friction or otherwise, and of 
resisting the passage of it from one body to another. 

E-LEC'TRl-CAL-L Y, ado. In the manner of electricity, or 
by means of it. 

E-LEC-TRi'CIAN, 7 ?. A person who studies electricity, 
and investigates its properties, by observation and exper- 
iments ; one versed in the science of electricity. 

E-LEC-TRIC'I-TY, 7?. The operations of a very subtil fluid, 
which appears to be diffused through most bodies, re- 
markable for the rapidity of its motion, and one of the 
most powerful agents in nature. The name is given to 
the operations of this fluid, and to the fluid itself. 

E-LEC'TRI-FI-A-BLE, a. 1. Capable of receiving electrici- 
ty, or of being charged with it; that may become elec- 
tric. 2. Capable of receiving, and transmitting the electric 
fluid. 

E-LEC-TRI-FI-Ca'TION, 77. The act of electrifying, or 
state of being charged with electricity. 

E-LEC'TRI-FIED, }ip. Charged With electricity. 

E-LEC'TRI-FY, T.t. 1. To communicate electricity to; 
to chaige with electricity. 2. To cause electricity to pass 
through ; to affect by electricity ; to give an electric 
shock" to. 3. To excite suddenly ; to give a sudden 
s))ock 

E-LEC'TRT-Fy, V. i. To become electric. 

E-LEC'7’RT-FY-ING , ppr. Charging with electricity ; aflect- 
ing with electricity ; giving a suddeji shock. 

E-LEC-TRI-Za'TION, 77. The act of electrizing. 

E-LEC'TRlZE, v. t. [Fr. electriscr.] To electrify. 

E-LEC'TRO-CHEM'IS-TRY, n. That science which treats 
of the agency of electricity and galvanism in affecting 
chemical changes. 

E-LEC TRO-MAG-NET'IC, a. Designating what pertains 


* See Syneqisis. a, E, 1,6, C,^,long. — FAR, FALL, WIIAT ; — PREY; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — \ Obsolete, 


ELE 


ELE 


289 


to magnetism, as connected with electricity, or affected 
by it. 

E-LEe'TRO-MAG'NET-ISM, n. That science which treats 
of the agency of electricity and galvanism in coinmuni- 
eating magnetic properties. 

E-LEG-TROM'E-TER, 7i. [L. electrum, Gr. //erpew.] An 
instrument for measuring the quantity or intensity of elec- 
tricity, or its quality j or an instrument for discharging it 
from a jar. 

E-LEG-TRO-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to an electrome- 
ter made by an electrometer. 

E-LE€'TRO-Mo'TION, ii. The motion of electricity or 
galvanism, or the passing of it from one metal to another. 
E-LEG TRO-Mo'TlVE, a. Producing electro-motion. 
E-LE€'TRO-MO-TOR, n. [L. electrum and motor.] A 
mover of the electric fluid ; an instrument or apparatus so 
called. 

E-LEC'TRON, n. Amber; also, a mixture of gold with a 
fitlli part of silver. Coze. 

E-LEC'TRO-NEG'A-TiVE, a. Reiielled by bodies nega- 
tively electrifled, and attracted by those positively electri-. 
fled. 

E-LEG'TRO-PHOR, ) n. [L. electrum^ and Gr. 
E-LEG-TROPIl'O-RUS, \ An instrument for preserving 
electricity a long time. 

E-LEG'TRO-POJS'l-TIV^E, a. Attracted by bodies nega- 
tively electrified, or by the negative pole of the galvanic 
arrangement. 

E-LEG'TRUM, n. [L.] In mineralogy argentiferous gold 
ore, or native alloy, of a pale brass yellow color. 
E-LEGT'U-A-RY, n. [Low L. electariiun.] In pharmacy^ 
a form of medicine, composed of powders, or other ingre- 
dients, incorporated with some conserve, honey, or sirup, 
and made into due consistence to be taken in doses, like 
boluses. 

EL-EE-MOS'Y-NA-RY, a. [Gr. e\er][jtocvvn.] 1. Given in 
charity ; given or appropriated to support the poor. 2. 
Relating to charitable donations ; intended for the distri- 
bution of alms, or for the use and management of dona- 
tions, whether for the subsistence of the poor or for the 
support and promotion of learning. 

EL-EE-MOS'Y-NA-RY, n One who subsists on charity. 
EL'E-GANCE, ) n. [L. elegantia ; Fr. elegance.] ].“The 
EL'E-GAN-CY, j beauty of propriety, not of greatness,” 
says Johnson. Applied to manners, it denotes politeness ; 
to speaking, propriety of diction and utterance ; to style 
of composition, perspicuity, purity, neatness, and a happy 
choice and arrangement of words ; to architecture, a due 
symmetry and distribution of parts. 2. That which 
pleases by its nicety, symmetry, purity or beauty. In 
this sense it has a plural. Spectator. 

EL'E-G ANT, a. [L. elegans.] 1. Polished ; polite ; refined ; 
graceful ; pleasing to good taste. 2. Polished ; neat ; 
pure; rich in expressions; correct in arrangement. 3. 
Uttering or delivering elegant language with propriety 
and grace. 4. Symmetrical; regular; well formed in its 
parts, proportions and distribution. 5. Nice ; sensible to 
beauty ; discriminating beauty from deformity or imper- 
fection. 6. Beautiful in form and colors ; pleasing. 7. 
Rich ; costly and ornamental. 

EL'E-GANT-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to please ; with ele- 
gance ; with beauty ; with pleasing propriety. 2. With 
due symmetry ; with well formed and duly proportioned 
parts. 3. Richly ; with rich or handsome materials well 
disposed. 

E-Lf.'GI-A€, a. [Low Ii. elegiacus.] 1. Belonging to 
elegy ; plaintive ; expressing sorrow or lamentation. 2. 
Used in elegies. 

* E-Le' 6I-A€, n. Elegiac verse. IVarton. 

EL-E-GPA-GAL, a. Belonging to an elegy. Cotgrave. 

* E-IiF.'Gl-AST, n. The same with elegist. 

EL'E-GIST, n. A writer of elegies. Goldsmith. 

E-Lk Git, n. [L. eligo ] 1. A writ of execution, by which 
a defendant’s goods are apprized, and delivered to the 
plaintiff. 2. I'he title to estate by elegit. 

EL'E-GY, n. [L. elegia.] 1. A mournful or plaintive 
poem, or a funeral song ; a poem or a song expressive of 
sorrow and lamentation. Shak. 2. A short poem without 
points or affected elegancies. 

EL'E-MENT, n. [L. clementum ; Fr. element.] 1. The first 
or constituent principle or minutest part of any thing. 2. 
An ingredient ; a constituent part of any composition. — 3. 
In a chemical sense, an atom ; the minutest particle of a 
substance ; that vv'hich cannot be divided by chemical an- 
alysis, and therefore considered as a simple substance, as 
oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, &c. — 4. In the plural, the first 
rules or principles of an art or science ; rudiments. — 5. In 
popular language, fire, air, earth and water are called the 
four elements, as formerly it was supposed that these were 
simple bodies, of which the world is composed. 6. Ele- 
ment, in the singular, is sometimes used for the air. 7. 
The substance which forms the natural or most suitable 
habitation of an animal. 8. The proper state or sphere of 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE Bl.]LL, UNITE, 

■ 19 


any thing; the state of things suited to one’s temper or 
habits, y. The matter or subsUinces which compose the 
world. 10. The outline or sketch. 11. Moving causa or 
principle ; that which excites action. 

EL* E-MEN T, v. t. 1. To compound of elements or firet prin- 
cijdes. 2. To constitute ; to make as a first principle. 
[Rarely or never used.] 

EL-E-MENT*AL, a. 1. Bertaining to elements. 2. Produc- 
ed by some of the four suj)posed elements. 3. Produced 
by elements. 4. Arising from first principles. 

EL-E-MENT-AL'I-TY, n. Goinposition of principles or in- 
gredients. Whitlock. 

EL-E-MENT'AL-LY, adv. According to elements ; literal- 
ly- 

EL-E-MENT-ART-TY, ) n. The state of being element 

EL-E-MENT'A-RI-NESS, \ ary ; the simplicity of na- 
ture ; uncoinpounded state. 

EL-E-MENT*A-RY, a. 1. Primary ; simple ; uncompound- 
ed ; uncombined ; having only one principle or constituent 
part. 2. Initial ; rudimental ; containing, teaching or dis- 
cussing first principles, rules or rudiments. 3. 'I'reating 
of elements ; collecting, digesting or explaining principles. 

EL'E-MI, n. The gum elemi, so called ; but said to be a 
resinous substance. 

E-LENGli', n. [L. clenchus.] 1. A vicious or fallacious 
argument, which is apt to deceive under the appearance 
of truth ; a sophism; [little used.] — 2. In antiquity, a kind 
of earring set with pearls. 

E-LENGH'l-GAL, a. Pertaining to an elench. 

t E-LENCH'I-€AL-LY, ado. By means of an elench. 

f E-LENGlPlZE, V. i. To dispute. B. Jonson. 

I E-LENCH'TI-GAL, a. Serving to confute. TVilldns. 

E-LENGE*. See Ellinge. 

E-Le'OTS, n. Apples in request in the cider countries 
Mortimer. 

EL'E-PHANT, n. [Sax. elp, yip ; Gr. e\e<pas.] 1. The 
largest of all quadrupeds, belonging to the order of bruta. 

I 2. Ivory ; the tusk of the elephant. Dryden. 

EL'E-PHANT-BEE'TLE, n. A large species of scarab bus, 
or beetle, found in South America. 

EL*E-PllANT’S-FOOT, n. A plant, the elephantopus. 

EL-E-PHAN-Tl'A-SlS, n. [L.] A sj)ecies of leprosy, so 
called from covering the skin with incrustations, like 
those of an elephant. 

EL-E-PHANT*INE, a. 1. Pertaining to the elephant ; huge ; 
resembling an elephant ; or perhaps white, like ivory. — 2. 
In antiquity, an appellation given to certain books in which 
the Romans registered the transactions of the senate, mag- 
istrates, emperors and generals. 

EL-EU-SIN'I-AN, a. Relating to Eleusis in Greece. 

EL'E-VATE, V. t. [L. elevo.] 1. To raise, in a literal and 
general sense ; to raise from a low or deep place to a 
higher. 2. To exalt ; to raise to higher state or station. 
3. To improve, refine or dignify ; to raise from or above 
low conceptions. 4. To raise from a low or common state ; 
to exalt. 5. To elate with pride. 6. To excite ; to cheer ; 
to animate. 7. To take from; to detract; to lessen by 
detraction ; [not used.] 8. To raise from any tone to one 
more acute. 9. To augment or swell ; to make louder, as 
sound. 

EL'E-VATE, a. [L. elevatus.] Elevated ; raised aloft. 

EL'E-VA-TED, pp. Raised ; exalted ; dignified ; elated ; 
excited ; made more acute or more loud, as sound. 

EL'E-VA-TING, pp-. Raising; exalting; dignifying; elat- 
ing ; cheering. 

1 EL-E-VA'TION, «. [E. elevatio.] 1. The act of raising or 
conveying from a lower or deeper place to a higher. 2. 
The act of exalting in rank, degree or condition. 3. Ex- 
altation ; an elevated state ; dignity. 4. Exaltation of 
mind by more noble conceptions. 5. Exaltation of style ; 
lofty expressions ; words and plnases expressive of lofty 
conceptions. G. Exaltation of character or manners. 7. 
Attention to objects above ns ; a raising of the mind to 
superior objects. 8. An elevated place or station. 9. El- 
evated ground ; a rising ground ; a hill or mountain. 10. 
A passing of the voice from any note to one more acute ; 
also, a swelling or augmentation of voice — 11. In astrono- 
my, altitude ; the distance of a heavenly body above the 
Iiorizon, or the arc of a vertical circle intercepted between 
it and ilie horizon. — 12. In gunnery, the angle which the 
chase of a cannon or mortar, or the axis of the hollow cylin- 
der, makes with the plane of the horizon. — 13. In dialing, 
the angle which the style makes witli the substylar line. 
— Elevation of the host, in Catholic countries, that part of 
the mass in which the priest raises the host above hif- 
head for the people to adore. 

EL'E-VA-TOR, n. 1. One who raises, lifts or exalts. — 2. In 
anatomy, a muscle which serves to raise a part of tin 
body, as the lip or the eye. 3. A surgical instrument fo.- 
raising a depressed portion of a bone. 

EL*E-VA-TO-RY, 7i. An instrument used in trepanning. 

for raising a depressed or fractured part of the skull. Coze. 
EL-iSVE*, n. [Fr.] One brought up or protected by another. 
Chesterfield. 


■G as K ; G OS J ; ? as Z ; CH as SH ; TH os in this. | Ohsolete 


ELU 


ELL 


290 


E-LEV^EN, (e-lev'n) a. [Sax. (endlefene, endleof, ciidlufa,} 
Ten and one added. 

E-LEV'ENTH, a. [Sax. cendlyfta, endlefta.] The next in 
order to the tenth. 

ELF, n.; plu. Blves. [Sax. alf, or elf enne.] 1. A wander- 
ing spirit ; a fairy ; a hobgoblin. 2. An evil spirit ; a 
devil. 3. A diminutive person. 

ELF, V. t. To entangle hair in so intricate a manner, that it 
cannot be disentangled. 

ELF'-AR-RoW, 71. A name given to flints in the shape 
of arrow-heads, vulgarly supposed to be shot by fairies. 

ELF'- LOCK, 71 . A knot of hair twisted by elves. Shak. 

ELF'IN, a. Relating or pertaining to elves. Spe7iser. 

ELF'IN, 71 . A little urchin. Shenstone. 

ELF'ISH, a. Resembling elves 5 clad in disguise. 

E-LIC'IT, v.t. [L. elicio.] 1. To draw out 5 to bring to 
light; to deduce by reason or argument. 2. To strike 
out. 

E-LIC'IT, a. Brought into act ; brought from possibility into 
real existence. [Little used.] 

t E-LfC'i-TATE, V. t. To elicit. More. 

jE-LIC-I-Ta'TION, 77. The act of eliciting ; the act of draw- 
ing out. Bramhall. 

E-LIC'IT-ED, pp. Brought or drawn out ; struck out. 

E-LIC'IT-ING, ppr. Drawing out ; bringing to light ; strik- 
ing out. 

E-LlDE', V. t. [L. elido.] 1. To break or dash in pieces ; 
to crush. [Tiot used.] 2. To cut off a syllable. Brit. CVit. 

EL-l-6l-BIL'I-TY, 77. 1. Worthiness or fitness to be 

chosen ; the state or quality of a thing which renders it 
preferable to another, or desirable. 2. The state of being 
capable of being chosen to an office. United States. 

EL't-Gl-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Fit to be chosen ; worthy of 

choice ; preferable. 2. Suitable ; proper ; desirable. 3. 
Legally qualified to be chosen. 

EL'I-Gt-BLE-NESS, n. Fitness to be chosen hi preference 
to another ; suitableness ; desirableness. 

EL'I-6I-BLY, ado. In a manner to be worthy of choice ; 
suitably. 

E-LIM'l-NATE, v. t. [L. eUntino.] 1. To thrust out of 
doors. Lovelace. 2. To expel ; to thrust out ; to discharge, 
or throw off; to set at liberty. 

E-LIM'I-NA-TED, pp. Expelled ; thrown off ; discharged. 

E-LIM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Expelling; discharging ; throw- 
ing off. 

E-LIM-I-Na'TION, 77. The act of expelling or throwing 
off ; the act of discharging, or secreting by the pores. 

EL-I-QUa'TION, 71. [L. eliquo.] In cliemistrij^ the opera- 
tion by which a more fusible substance is separated from 
one that is less so, by means of heat. 

E-Ll"SION, 77. [L. eZisio.] 1. In ^ra777777rtr, the cutting off 
or suppression of a vowel at the end of a word, for the 
sake of sound or measure, when the next word begins 
with a vowel ; as, th’ embattled plain. 2. Division; sep- 
aration ; [7iot 7Lsed.] Bacon. 

E-LT'SOR, 71. [Norm, eliser.] In Za?a, a sheriff’s substitute 
for returning a jury. 

E-LITE', 71. [Fr.] A military word, denoting the flower or 
chosen part of an army. 

E-LIX'ATE, V. t. [L. elixo.] To extract by boiling. 

EL-IX-a'TION, 71. [L. elixus.] 1. The act of boiling or 
stewing; also, concoction in the stomach; digestion. — 2. 
In pharmacy, the extraction of the virtues of ingredients 
by boiling or stewing; also, lixiviation. 

E-LIX'IR, n. [Fr., Sp., Port, elixir.] 1. In medicine, a com- 
pound tincture, extracted from two or more ingredients. 
2. A liquor for transmuting metals into gold. 3. Quin- 
tessence ; refined spirit. 4. Any cordial ; that substance 
which invigorates. 

ELK, n. [Sax. elch ^ Sw. elg.] A quadruped of the cervine 
genus, with palmated horns. 

ELKE, 77. rW. alarch.] A wild swan. 

ELK'-NUT, 77. A plant, the hamiltonia, called also oil-nut. 

ELL, 77. [Sax. cine; Sw. aZ/7 ,* D. ell, elle.] A measure of 
different lengths in different countries, used chiefly for 
measuring cloth. 

EL'LER, 77. [G. eller.] The alder-tree. Craven dialect. 

EL'LINGE, a. [Sax. celenae.] Cheerless ; sad. 

EL'LING-NESS, n. Loneliness ; dullness ; cheerle.ssness. 
Henry VIII. 

EL-LiPSE', (el-lips') n. An ellipsis. 

EL-LIP'SIS, 77.,* pZtt. Ellip'ses. [Gr. cXXe7i//7?. 1 1. In geom- 
etry, an oval figure generated from the section of a cone, 
by a plane cutting both sides of it, but not parallel to the 
base. — 2. In ^ra777777a7*, defect ; omission; a figure of syn- 
tax, by which one or more words are omitted. 

EL-LIPS'OID, 77. [ellipsis, and Gr. £7605.] In conics, a solid 
or figure formed by the revolution of an ellipse about its 
axis ; an elliptic conoid ; a spheroid. 

EL-LIP-SOID'AL, a. Pertaining to an ellipsoid ; having 
the form of an ellipsoid. 

EL-LIP'TI€, \a. 1. Pertaining to an ellipsis ; having 

EL-LIP'TI-GAL, | the form of an ellipse; oval. 2. De- 
fective. 


EL-LIP'TI-€AL-LY, adv. 1. According to the figure call- 
ed ati ellipsis. 2. Defectively. 

ELM, 77. [iSax. cbn, or ulm-treou; D. 0Z777.] A tree of the 
genus uhnTis. 

ELM'EN, a. Of or belonging to elms. Jen7iings. 

ELM'Y, a. Abounding with elms. Warton. 

EL-O-Ca'TION, 77. [L. eloco.] 1. A removal from the 
usual place of residence. Bp. Hall. 2. Departure from 
the usual method ; an ecstasy. 

EL-O-Cu'TlON, 71. [L. elocutio.] 1. Pronunciation ; the 
utterance or delivery of words, particularly in public dis- 
courses and arguments. — 2. In rhetoric, elocution consists 
of elegance, composition and dignity ; and Dryden uses 
the word as nearly synonymous with eloquence, the act 
of expressing thoughts with elegance or beauty. 3. 
►Speech ; the power of speaking.—^. In ancient treatises 
071 oratory, the wording of a discourse; the choice and 
order of words ; composition ; the act of framing a writ- 
ing or discourse. 

EL-0-€U'TIVE, a. Having the power of eloquent speak- 
ing. 

EL'OGE, 77. [Fr.] A funeral oration ; a panegyric on the 
dead. Atterbury. 

fEL'O-GlST, 77. An eulogist. 

EL'O-GY, or E-Lo'Gl-UM, n. [Fr. eloge ; L. elogium. See 
Eulogy.] The praise bestowed on a person or thing; 
panegyric. TVotton. 

E-LOIN', u. t. [Fr. cZo7^77er.] 1. To separate and remove 

to a distance. 2. To convey to a distance, and withhold 
from sight. 

E-LOIN'ATE, 77. t. To remove. Howell. 

E-LOIN'ED, (e-loind') pp. Removed to a distance ; carried 
far off. 

E-LOIN'ING, ppr. Removing to a distance from another, or 

' to a place unknown. 

E-LOL\'MEN7', 77. Removal to a distance ; distance. 

t E-LONG', V. t. [Low L. elongo.] To put far off ; to re- 
tard. 

E-LON'GATE, v. t. [Low L. elongo.] 1. To lengthen; to 
extend. 2. To remove farther off. 

E-LON'G.\TE, 77.7. To depart from; to recede; to move 
to a greater distance ; particula7'ly, to recede apparently 
from the sun, as a planet in its orbit. 

E-LON'GA-TED, pp. Lengthened ; removed to a distance. 

E-LON'GA-TL>fG, ppr. 1. Lengthening; extending. 2. 
Receding to a greater distance. 

E-LON-Ga'TION, 77. 1. The act of stretching or lengthen- 
ing. 2. The state of being extended. 3. Distance ; space 
which separates one thing from another. 4. Departure ; 
removal ; recession. 5. Extension ; continuation. — 6. 
In astroiwmy, the recess of a planet from the sun, as it ap- 
pears to the eye of a spectator on the earth ; apparent de- 
parture of a planet from the sun in its orbit. — 7. In surge- 
ry, an imperfect luxation, occasioned by the stretching or 
lengthening of the ligaments ; or the extension of a part 
beyond its natural dimensions. 

E-L6PE', 77. 7. [D. loopen, wegloopen.] To run away ; to 
quit one’s station, without permission or right ; to escape 
privately ; to depart without permission. Particularly, to 
run away from a husband, or to quit a father’s house, pri- 
vately, or without permission. 

E-LoPE'MENT, v. Private or unlicensed departure from 
the place or station to which one is assigned by duty or 
lavy. 

E-LoP'ING, ppr. Running away ; departing privately, or 
without permission, from a husband, father or master. 

E'LOPS, 77. [Gr. eXXoT^.] 1. A fish, inhabiting the seas of 
America and the West Indies. 2. The sea-serpent. 

EL'O-QUENCE, n. [L. eloquentia.] 1. Oratory ; the act 
or the art of speaking well, or with fluency and elegance. 
Eloquence comprehends a good elocution or utterance ; cor- 
rect, appropriate and rich expressions, with fluency, ani- 
mation and suitable action. Hence, eloquence is adapted 
to please, affect and persuade. 2. The power of speaking 
with fluency and elegance. 3. Elegant language, uttered 
with fluency and animation. 4. It is sometimes applied 
to written language. 

EL'O-QUENT, a. 1. Having the power of oratory; speak- 
ing with fluency, propriety, elegance and animation. 2. 
Composed with elegance and spirit ; elegant and animat- 
ed ; adapted to please, affect and persuade. 

EL'0-Q.UENT-LY, ado. With eloquence ; in an eloquent 
manner ; in a manner to please, affect and persuade. 

ELSE, (els) a. or pron. [Sax. elles.] Other; one or some- 
thing beside; as, who else is coming.^ 

ELSE, (els) adv. 1. Otherwise ; in the other case ; if the 
fact were different. 2. Beside ; except that mentioned. 

EL'SEN, or EL'SIN, n. [Teut. wlsene.] A shoemaker’s 
awl. Orose. 

ELSE'WHERE, adv. 1. In any other place. 2. In some 
other place ; in other places, indefinitely. 

E-LG'CI-DATE, 77. t. [Low L. elucido.] To make clear or 
manifest ; to explain ; to remove obscurity from, and ren- 
der intelligible ; to illustrate. 


* See Sy7iopsis. A, E, I, O, f), Y, lo7ig. — FAR, F^LL, WHAT; — PREY; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — f Obsolete. 


EMB 


EMA 291 


E-Lu'CI-DA-TED, Explained j made plain, clear or in- 
telHgible. 

E-Lu'Cl-DA-TlNG, ppr. Explaining j making clear or in- 
telligible. 

E-LU-CI-Da'TION, n. The act of explaining or throwing 
light on any obscure subject j explanation j exposition j 
illustration. 

E-Lu'CI-DA-TI VE, a. Throwing light ; explanatory. 

E-Lu'CI-DA-TOR, n. One who explains ; an expositor. 

EL-UG-Ta'TION, 71. [L. eluctatus.^ The act of bursting 
forth ; escape. 

E-LuDE', V. t. [L. eludo.'\ 1. To escape ; to evade ; to 
avoid by artifice, stratagem, wiles, deceit or dexterity. 2. 
To mock by an unexpected escape. 3. To escape being 
seen ; to remain unseen or undiscovered. 

E-LuDT-BLE, a. That may be eluded or escaped. 

t E-LUM'BA-TED, a. [L. elumbis.] Weakened in the loins. 
Diet. 

E-Lu'SION, 71. [L. elxLsio.'\ An escape by artifice or decep- 
tion ; evasion. 

E-Lu'SIVE, a. Practising elusion ; using arts to escape. 

E-Lu SO-RI-NESS, n. The state of being elusory. 

E-Lu'SO-RY, a. Tending to elude; tending to deceive; 
evasive ; fraudulent ; fallacious ; deceitful. 

E-LuTE^, V. t. [L. eZuo.J To wash off; to cleanse. 

E-Lu'TRI-ATE, v. t. [L. elutrio.l To purify by washing ; 
to cleanse by separating foul matter, and decanting or 
straining off the liquor. 

E-Lu'TRI-A-TED, pp. Cleansed by washing and decanta- 
tion. 

E-Lu'TRI-A-TING, ppr. Purifying by washing and de- 
canting. 

E-LU-TRI-a'TION, 71. The operation of pulverizing a sol- 
id substance, mixing it with water, and pouring off the 
liquid, while the foul or extraneous substances are float- 
ing, or after the coarser particles have subsided, and 
while the finer parts are suspended in the liquor. 

E-LUX' ATE, t. [L. eluzatus.] To dislocate. See Luxate. 

E-LUX-a'TION, 71. The dislocation of a bone. See Lux- 
ation. 

ELVE'LOCKS. See Elf-lock. 

ELV'ERS, 71. Young eels ; young congers or sea-eels. 

ELVES, plu. of elf. 

ELV'ISH, a. More properly elfis/i, which see. 

E-LYS'IAN, (e-lizh'ya) a. [L. dijsius.] Pertaining to elys- 
ium or the seat of delight ; yielding the highest pleasures ; 
deliciously soothing ; exceedingly delightful. 

E-LYS'IUM, (e-lizh'yum) 7 i.[L. el7/sm?n.J In ancient imjthol- 
a place assigned to happy souls after death ; a place 
in the lower regions, furnished with rich fields, groves, 
shades, streams, &c., the seat of future happiness. Hence, 
any delightful place. 

’EM. A contraction of them. Hudihras. 

t E-MAC'ER-ATE, v. t. To make lean. 

f E-MAC-ER-a'TIOX, n. Leanness or falling away in flesh. 
Bullokar. 

E-Ma'CIATE, V. i. [L. emacio.] To lose flesh gradually ; to 
become lean by pining with sorrow, or by loss of appetite 
or other cause ; to waste away, as flesh ; to decay in 
flesh. 

E-Ma'CIATE, V. t. To cause to lose flesh gradually ; to 
waste the flesh and reduce to leanness. 

E-Ma'CIATE, a. Thin ; wasted. Slienstone. 

E-Ma'CIA-TED, pp. Reduced to leanness by a gradual loss 
of flesh ; thin ; lean. 

E-Ma'CIA-T1NG, ppr. Wasting the flesh gradually ; mak- 
ing lean. 

E-MA-CI-a'TION, 71. 1. The act of making lean or thin in 
flesh ; or a becoming lean by a gradual waste of flesh. 2. 
The state of being reduced to leanness. 

E-MAG'U-LATE, V. t. To take spots from. [Little used.] 

E-MA€-U-La'TION, n. [L. cmaciilo.] The act or operation 
of freeing from spots. [Little used.] 

EM'A-NANT, a. [L. emanans.] Issuing or flowing from. 
Hale. 

EM'A-NATE, V. i. [L. em.a7io.] 1. To issue from a source ; 
to flow from. 2. To proceed from a source or fountain. 

EM'A-NA-TING, ppr. Issuing or flowing from a fountain. 

EM-A-Na'TION, 71. 1. The act of flowing or proceeding 
from a fountain-head or origin. 2. That which issues, 
flows or proceeds from any source, substance or body ; ef- 
flux ; effluvium. 

EM'A-NA-TiVE, a. Issuing from another. 

E-MAN'CI-PATE, V. t. [L. emandpo.] 1. To set free from 
servitude or slavery, by the voluntary act of the proprie- 
tor ; to liberate ; to restore from bondage to freedom. 2. 
To set free, or restore to liberty. 3. To fVee from bondage 
or restraint of any kind ; to liberate from subjection, con- 
trolling power or influence. — 4. In ancient Rome, to set a 
son free from subjection to his father, and give him the 
capacity of managing his affiiirs, as if he was of age. 

E-MAN'CI-PATE, a. Set at liberty. Coteper. 

E-MAN'CI-PA-TED, pp. Set free from bondage, slavery, 
servitude, subjection or dependence ; liberated. 


E-MAN'CI-PA-TING, ppr. Setting free from bondage; ser 
vitude or dependence ; liberating. 

E-MAN-CI-Pa'TION, 71. The act of setting free from sla- 
very, servitude, subjection or dependence ; deliverance 
from bondage or controlling influence ; liberation. 

E-MAN'GI-PA-TOR, 71. One who emancipates or liberates 
from bondage or restraint. 

E-MaNE', V. i. [L. emano.] To issue or flow from. See Em- 
anate. 

t E-MAR'GIN-ATE, V. t. [L. emargino.] To take away 
the margin. 

E-MAR'GIN-ATE, ) a. [Yy. marge.] 1. In ftotaT??/, notch- 

E-MaR'GIN-A-TED, J ed at the end. — 2. In mineralogij , 
having all the edges of the primitive form truncated, each 
by one face. 

E-MAR'GIN-ATE-LY, adv. In the form of notches. 

E-MAS'€U-LATE, V. t. [Low L. emasculo.] J. To cas- 
trate ; to deprive a male of certain parts which cliaracter- 
ize the sex ; to geld ; to deprive of virility. 2. To de- 
prive of masculine strength or vigor ; to weaken ; to 
render effeminate; to vitiate by unmanly softness. 

E-MAS'€U-LATE, a. Unmanned ; deprived of vigor. 

E-MAS'€U-LA-TED, pp. Castrated; weakened. 

E-MAS'€U-LA-TING, Castrating; gelding ; depriving 
of vigor. 

E-MAS-CU-La'TION, 77. 1. The act of depriving a male of 
the ])ans which characterize the sex ; castration. 2 The 
act of depriving of vigor or strength; eircmmacy; un- 
manly weakness. 

EM-BaLE', V. t. [Fr. emballer.] 1. To make up into a 
bundle, bale or package ; to pack. 2. To bind ; to in- 
close. 

EM-BALM', (em-bam') v. t. [Fr. embaumer.] 1. To open a 
dead body, take out the intestines, and fill their place 
with odoriferous and desiccative spices and drugs, to pre- 
vent its putrefaction. 2. To fill with sweet scent. 3. To 
preserve, with care and affection, from loss or decay. 

EM-BALM'ED, (em-bamd') pp. Filled with aromatic plants 
for preservation ; preserved from loss or destruction. 

EM-BALM'ER, 7i. One who embalms bodies for preserva- 
tion. 

EM-BALM'ING, ppr. Filling a dead body with spices for 
preservation ; preserving with care from loss, decay or 
destruction. 

EM-BAR', V. t. 1. To shut, close or* fasten with a bar; to 
make fast. 2. To inclose so as to hinder egress or escape. 
Spenser. 3. To stop ; to shut from entering ; to hinder ,• 
to block up. Baco7i. 

EM-BAR-€a'TION, 71. Embarkation, which see. 

EM-BAR'GO, 77. [t?p. embargo j Port., Fr. id.] In com- 
merce, a restraint on ships, or prohibition of sailing, ei- 
ther out of port, or into port, or both ; which prohibition is 
by public authority, for a limited time. Most generally, it 
is a prohibition of ships to leave a port. 

EM-BAR'GO, V. t. [Sp., Port, embargar.] 1. To hinder or 
prevent ships from sailing out of port, or into port, or 
both, by some law or edict of sovereign authority, for a 
limited time. 2. To stop ; to hinder from being prosecut- 
ed by the departure or entrance of ships. 

EM-BAR'GOED, pp. Stopped ; hindered from sailing ; hin- 
dered by public authority, as ships or commerce. 

EM-BAR'GO-ING, ppr. Restraining from sailing by public , 
authority ; hindering. 

EM-BARK', V. t. [»Sp. ernbarcar.] 1. To put or cause to 
enter on board a ship or other vessel or boat. 2. To en- 
gage a person in any affair. 

EM-BARK', V. i. 1. To go on board of a ship, boat or ves- 
sel. 2. To engage in any business ; to undertake in ; to 
take a share in. , 

EM-BAR-Ka'TION, 71. 1. The act of putting on board of a 
ship or other vessel, or the act of going aboard. 2. That 
which is embarked. 3. [Sp. embaixacion.] A small ves- 
sel or boat ; [wii/swaZ.] 

EM-BARK'ED, (em-barkt') pp. Put on shipboard ; engaged 
in any affair. 

EM-BARK'IXG, ppr. Putting on board of a ship or boat ; 
going on shipboard. 

EM-BAR'RASS, r. t. [Fr. e77iZ>a7*7’cs5cr.] 1. To perplex j to 
render intricate ; to entangle. 2. To perplex, as the mind 
or intellectual faculties ; to confuse. 3. To perplex, as 
with debts, or demands, beyond the means of payment. 
4. To perplex ; to confuse ; to disconcert; to abash. 

EM-BAR'RASSED, pp. Perplexed ; rendered intricate ; con- 
fused ; confounded. 

EM-BAR'RASS-ING, ppr. Perplexing ; entangling ; confus- 
ing; confounding; abashing. 

EM-BAR'RASS-MENT, ??. 1. Perplexity ; intricacy ; en- 
tanglement. 2. Confusion of mind, 3. Perplexity aris- 
ing from insolvency, or from temporary inability to dis- 
charge debts. 4. Confusion ; abashment. 

EM-BASE', 77. Z. 1. To lower in value; to vitiate; to de- 
prave ; to impair. 2. To degrade ; to vilify. ^ 

EM-BaSE'MENT, 71 . Act of depraving; depravation ; dete- 
rioration. South. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.—C as K ; 0 ae J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


EMB 


292 


EMB 


EM^BAS-SADE, n. An embassy. Spenser. 
M-BAS'SA-DOR, n. [Sp. embazador ; Port. id. ; Fr. am- 
bassadeur.] 1. A minister of the highest rank, employed 
by one prince or state, at the court of another, to manage 
the public concerns of his own prince or state, and repre- 
senting the power and dignity of his sovereign. — In lu- 
dicrous langua^, a messenger. Jlsh. 

EM-BAS'SA-DRESS, n, 1. The consort of an embassador. 
2. A woman sent on a public message. 

I EM'BAS-S A6E, n. An embassy. 

EM'BAS-SY, 71. [Sp., Port. cm6aa:ada ; Fr. <7TO&a5.sade.] 1. 
The message or public function of an embassador ; the 
charge or employment of a public minister, whether em- 
bassador or envoy. 2. A solemn message. — 3. Ironically, 
an errand. 

EM-BAT'TLE, v. t. 1. To arrange in order of battle ; to 
array troops for battle. 2. To furnish with battlements. 

EM-BAT'TLE, v.i. To be ranged in order of battle. 

EM-BAT'TLED, pp. I. Arrayed in order of battle. 2. 
Furnished with battlements; and, in heraldry, having the 
outline resembling a battlement, as an ordinary. 3. a. 
Having been the place of battle. 

EM-BAT'TLING, ppr. Ranging in battle array. 

EM-BaY', 77 . t. 1. To inclose in a bay or inlet; to land- 
lock ; to inclose between capes or promontories. 2. [Fr. 
baigner.'] To bathe ; to wash ; [not used.] 

EM-BaY'ED, (em-b2ide') pp. Inclosed in a bay, between 
points of land, as a ship. 

EM-BED', V. t. To lay as In a bed ; to lay in surrounding 
matter. 

EM-BED'DED, pp. Laid as in a bed ; deposited or in- 
closed in surrounding matter. 

EM-BED'DING, ppr. Laying, depositing or forming, as in 
a bed. 

EM-BEL'LISH, V. t. [Fr. cmbellir.] 1. To adorn ; to beau- 
tify*; to decorate; to make beautiful or elegant by orna- 
ments. 2. To make graceful or elegant. 

EM-BEL'LISHED, pp. Adorned ; decorated ; beautified. 

EM-BEL'LISH-ER, n. One who embellishes ; one who 
graces with ornaments. 

EM-BEL'LISH-ING, ppr. Adorning ; decorating ; adding 
grace, ornament or elegance to a person or thing. 

EM-BEL'LISH-MENT, n. 1. The act of adorning. 2. Or- 
nament ; decoration ; any thing that adds beauty or ele- 
gance ; that which renders any thing pleasing to the eye, 
or agreeable to the taste, in dress, furniture, manners, or 
in the fine arts. 

EM'BER, in ember-days, einber-toeeks, is the Saxon emb-ren, 
or ymb-rync, a. tirc\e. — Ember-days are the Wednesday, 
Friday and Saturday after Quadragesima Sunday, after 
Whitsunday, after Holyrood day in September, and after 
St. Lucia’s day in December. — Ember-days are days re- 
turning at certain seasons ; Ember-weeks, the weeks in 
which these days fall ; and our ancestors used the words 
Ember-fast and Ember-tide or season. Lye. 

EM'BER-GOOSE, n. A fowl of the genus eolymbus. 

t EM'BER-ING, n. The ember-days. Tusser. 

EM'BERS, 71. plu. [Sax. cemyrian.] Small coals of fire with 
ashes ; the residuum of wood, coal or other combustibles 
not extinguished ; cinders. 

EM'BER-WEEK. Sec Ember. 

EM-BEZ'ZLE, v. t. [Norm, embeasiler.] L To appropri- 
ate fraudulently to one’s own use what is intrusted to 
one’s care and management. It differs from stealing and 
robbery in this, that the latter imply a wrongful taking of 
another’s goods, but embezzlement denotes the wrongful 
appropriation and use of what came into possession by 
right. 2. To waste ; to dissipate in extr.avagance. 

EM-BEZ'ZLED, pp. Appropriated wrongfully to one’s own 
use. 

EM-BEZ'ZLE-MENT, n. 1. The act of fraudulently appro- 
priating to one’s own use the money or goods intrusted 
to one’s care and management. 2. The thing appropriated. 

EM-BEZ'ZLER, 71. One who embezzles. 

EM-BEZ'ZLING, ppr. Fraudulently applying to one’s own 
use what is intrusted to one’s care and employment. 

EM-BLaZE', V. t. [Fr, blasonner.] I. To adorn with glit- 
tering embellishments. 2. To blazon ; to paint or adorn 
w’ilh figures armorial. 

EM-BLaZ'ED, (em-blazd') pp. Adorned with shining orna- 
ments, or with figures armorial. 

EM-BLaZ'ING, ppr. Embellishing with glittering orna- 
ments, or with figures armorial. 

EM-BLa'ZON, (em-bla'zn) v. t. [Fr. blasonner.] J. To 
adorn with figures of heraldry or ensigns armorial. 2. To 
deck in glaring colors ; to display pompously. 

EM-BLa*ZONED, pp. Adorned with figures or ensigns ar- 
morial ; set out pompously. 

EM-BLa'ZON-ER, n. LA blazoner ; one that emblazons ; 
a herald. 2. One that publishes and displays with pomp. 

EM-BLa'ZON-ING, ppr. Adorning with ensigns or figures 
armorial ; displaying with pomp. 

EM-BLa'ZON-MENT, 71 . An emblazoning. Roscoe. 


EM-BLa'ZON-RY, 7t. Pictures on shields ; display of figuren. 

EM'BLEM, n. [Gr. epP\rjpa.] 1. Inlay ; inlaid or mosaic 
work ; something inserted in the body of another. 2. A 
picture representing one thing to the eye, and another to 
the understanding ; a painted enigma. 3. A painting or 
representation, intended to hold forth some moral or polit- 
ical instruction ; an allusive picture ; a typical designa- 
tion. 4. 3’hat which represents another thing in its pre- 
dominant qualities. 

EM'BLErtI, V. t. To represent by similar qualities. 

EM-BLE-MAT'I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to or comprising 

EM-BLE-MAT'I-CAL, j an emblem. 2. Representing by 
some allusion or customary connection. 3. Representing 
by similar qualities. 4. Using emblems. 

EM-BLE-MAT'I-€AL-LY, ado. By way or means of em- 
blems ; in the manner of emblems ; by way of allusive 
representation. 

EM-BIjEIVI'A-T’IST, 71. A writer or inventor of emblems, 

EM-BLEM'A-TIZE, v. t. To represent by an emblem. 

EM'BLE-MENT, n. used mostly in the plural. [Norm, em- 
blear.] The produce or fruits of land sown or planted. 
Blackstone. 

EM'BLE-MTZE, v. t. To represent by an emblem. 

EM'BLE-MIZED, pp. Represented by an emblem. 

EM'BLE-MIZ-ING, ppr. Representing by an emblem. 

EM-BLOOM', V. t. To cover or enrich with bloom. Good. 

EM-BOD'IED, j)p. Collected or formed into a body. 

EM-BOD'Y, V. t. To form or collect into a body or united 
mass ; to collect into a whole ; to incorporate ; to concen- 
trate. 

EM-BOD'Y-TNG, ppr. Collecting or forming into a body. 

EM-BoGU'ING, (em-bog'ing) 71 . The mouth of a river, or 
place where its waters are discharged into the sea. 

EM-BoI^D'EN, V. t. To give boldness or courage ; to en- 
courage. 

EM-BoLD'ENED, pp. Encouraged. 

EM-BoLD'EN-ING, j>pr. Giving courage or boldness. 

EM'BO-LISM, 71. [Gr. tpjSo'Xiapog.] 1. Intercalation ; the 
insertion of days, months or years, in an account of time, 
to produce regularity. 2. Intercalated time. 

EM-BO-LIS'MAL, a. Pertaining to intercalation; interca- 
lated ; inserted. 

EM-BO-LlS'MI€, a. Intercalated ; inserted. 

EM'BO-LUS, n. [Gr. £/7j3oXo?.l Something inserted or act- 
ing in another ; that w’hich thrusts or drives ; a piston. 

EM-BOR>DER, v. t. [Old Fr. tmborder.'] To adorn with a 
border. 

EM-BOSS', V. t. 1. In architecture and sculpture, to form 
bosses or protuberances ; to fashion iq relievo or raised 
work ; to cut or form with prominent figures. 2. To form 
with bosses ; to cover with protuberances. 3. To drive 
hard in hunting, till a deer foams, or a dog’s knees swell. 

t EM-BOSS', V. t. [Fr. emboUer.'] To inclose as in a box; 
to include ; to cover. Spenser. 

f EM-BOSS', V. t. [It. vnboscare.] To inclose in a wood ; to 
conceal in a thicket. Milton. 

EM-BOSS'ED, (em-bost') pp. Formed with bosses or raised 
figures. 

EM-BOSS'ING, ppr. Forming with figures in relievo. 

EM-BOSS'MENT, n. 1. A prominence, like a boss; a jut. 

2. Relief ; figures in relievo ; raised work. 

EM-BOT'TLE, v. t. To put in a bottle ; to bottle ; to include 

or confine in a bottle. 

EM-BOT'TLED, pp. Put in or included in bottles. Philips. 

EM-BoW', V. t. To form like a bow ; to arch ; to vault. 

EM-BOW'EL, V. t. I. To take out the entrails of an animal 
body ; to eviscerate. 2. To take out the internal parts. 

3. To sink or inclose in another substance. 

EM-BOW'ELED,pp. Deprived of intestines ; eviscerated; 

buried. 

EM-BOW'EL-ER, n. One that takes out the bowels. 

EM-BOVV'EL-ING, ppr. Depriving of entrails ; eviscerat- 
ing; burying. 

EM-BOW'ER, V. i. To lodge or rest in a bower. 

EM-BRaCE', V. t. [Fr. embrasser.] 1. To take, clasp or in- 
close in the arms ; to press to the bosom, in token of affec- 
tion. 2. To seize eagerly ; to lay hold on ; to receive or 
take with willingness that which is offered. 3. To com- 
prehend; to include or take in. 4. To comprise; to in- 
close ; to encompass ; to contain ; to encircle. 5. To re- 
ceive; to admit. 6. To find; to take ; to accept. 7. To 
liave carnal intercourse wfith. 8. To put on. 9 To at- 
tempt to influence a jury corruptly. 

EM-BRACE', V. i. To join in an embrace. Shak. 

EM-BRACE', 71. 1 , Inclosure or clasp with the arms ; pressure 
to the bosom with the arms. 2. Reception of one thing in- 
to another. 3. Sexual intercourse ; conjugal endearment. 

EM-BRA'CED, (em-braste') pp. 1. Inclosed in the arms ; 
clasped to the bosom ; seized ; laid hold on ; received ; 
comprehended ; included ; contained ; accepted. 2. In- 
fluenced corruptly ; biassed ; as a juror. 

EM-BRACE'MENT, n. 1. A clasp in the arms ; a hug ; em- 
brace. 2. Hostile hug ; grapple. 3. Comprehension ; 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, C, Y, Zon^.~ F.AR, FALL, WHAT PR^Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD •— t Obsolete. 


EME 


293 


EMC 


state of being contained ; inclosure. 4. Conjugal endear- 
ment ; sexual commerce. 5. Willing acceptance. 
EM-13 IvA'CER, n. 1. The person who embraces. 2. One 
who attempts to influence a jury corruptly. 
EM-BIvA'CER-Y, n. In laio^ an attempt to influence a jury 
corruptly to one side, by promises, persuasions, entreaties, 
money, entertainments, or the like. 

EM-BRa'CING, ppr. 1. Clasping in the arms ; pressing to 
the bosom ; seizing and holding ; comprehending ; includ- 
ing ; receiving ; accepting ; having conjugal intercourse. 
2. Attempting to influence a jury corruptly. 

•}■ EM-BRaID', V. t. To upbraid. Elyot. 

* EM-BRA-SuRE', (em-bra-zhure') n. [Fr.] 1. An opening 
in a wall or parapet, through which cannon are pointed 
and discharged. — 2. In architecture^ the enlargement of 
tlie aperture of a door or window, on the inside of the 
wall. 

I EM-BRaVE', V. t. 1. To embellish ; to make showy. 2. 

To inspire with bravery j to make bold. 

EM'BRO-CATE, V. t. [Gr. £n(^pe^o).] In surffery and med- 
icine, to moisten and rub a diseased part of the body with 
a liquid substance. 

EM'BR0-€A-TED, pp. Moistened and rubbed with a wet 
cloth or spunge. 

EM'BRO-CA-TING, ppr. Moistening and rubbing a diseas- 
ed part with a wet cloth or spunge. 

EM-BRO-CaHTON, u. 1. The act of moistening and rubbing 
a diseased part with a cloth or spunge dipped in some 
liquid substance. 2. The liquid with which an affected 
part is washed. 

EM-BROID'ER, V. t. [Fr. hroder.'\ To border with orna- 
mental needle-work, or figures ; to adorn with raised 
figures of needle-work, as cloth, stuffs or muslin. 
EM-BROID'ERED, pp. Adorned with figures of needle- 
work. 

EM-BROID'ER-ER, 71. One who embroiders. 
EM-BROID'ER-ING, ppr. Ornamenting with figured nee- 
dle-work. 

EM-BROID'ER-Y, n. 1. Work in gold, silver or silk thread, 
formed by the needle on cloth, stuffs and muslin, into va- 
rious figures ; variegated needle-work. 2. Variegation or 
diversity of figures and colors. 

EM-BROIL', V. t. [Fr. embrouiller.] 1. To perplex or en- 
tangle ; to intermix in confusion. 2. To involve in troubles 
or perplexities ; to disturb or distract by connection with 
something else ; to throw into confusion or commotion ; 
to perplex. 

EM-BROIL'ED, (em-broikV) pp. Perplexed ; entangled ; in- 
termixed and confused ; involved in trouble. 
EM-BROIL'ING, ppr. Perplexing 5 entangling ; involving 
in trouble. 

EM-BROIL'MENT, n. Confusion ; disturbance. 
EM-BROTH'EL, v. t. To inclose in a brothel. Donne. 
EM'BRY-O, ) n. [Gr. ep(3pvov ,• L. embryon.i^ 1. In physi- 
EM'BRY-ON, \ ology, the first rudiments 01 an animal in 
the vv'omb, before the several members are distinctly 
formed ; after which it is called a fetus. 2. The rudi- 
ments of a plant. 3. The beginning or first state of any 
thing not fit for production. 

EM'BRY-O, )a. Pertaining to or noting any thing in its 
EM'BRY-ON, ^ first rudiments or unfinished state. 
EM-BRY-OT'O-MY, n. \ embryo, tiwd Gr. to py.'] A cutting 
or forcible separation of the fetus in utero. 
fEM-BU.'S'Y, (em-biz'y) v. t. To employ, 
t EME, 71. [Sax. Uncle. See Eame. 

E-ME\'A-GOGUE. See Emmenagogue. 
t E-MEXD', V. t. To amend. 

E-MEXD' A-BLE, a. [L. emendabilis.'] Capable of being 
amended or corrected. See Amendable. 
t E-MEX'DATE-UY, adv. Without fault 5 correct. Taverner. 
EM-E.\-Da'TION, n. [L. emendatin.^ 1. The act of alter- 
ing for the better, or correcting what is erroneous or faul- 
ty ; correction. When we speak of life and manners, we 
use amend, amendment, the French orthograpliy. 2. An 
alteration for the better ; correction of an error or fault. 
EM-EX-Da'TOR, n. A corrector of errors or faults in 
writings ; one who corrects or improves. 

E-MEXD' A-TO-RY, a. Contributing to emendation, 
f E-iMEX'DI-CATE, v. t. [L. emcndico.l To beg. See 
Mkndicate. 

EM'E-RALD, n. [Sp. esmeralda.] A mineral and a precious 
stone, whose colors are a pure, lively green, varying to a 
pale, yellowish, bluisli, or grass green. 

E-MERGE', (e-merj') 7?. i. [li. ejnergo.] 1. To rise out of 
a fluid or other covering or surrounding substance. 2. To 
issue ; to proceed from. 3. To reappear, after being 
eclipsed ; to leave the sphere of the obscuring object. 4. 
To rise out of a state of depression or obscurity ; to rise 
into view. 

E-MERG'EXCE, ) n. 1. The act of rising out of a fluid or 
E-MERG'EX-CY, i other covering or surrounding matter. 
2. The act of rising or starting into view ; the act of issu- 
ing from, or quitting. 3. That which comes suddenly ; a 


sudden occasion 5 an unexpected event. 4. Exigence •, any 
event or occasional combination of circumstances which 
calls for immediate action or remedy j pressing neces- 
sity. 

E-MERG'ENT, a. 1. Rising out of a fluid or any thing that 
covers or surrounds. 2. Issuing or proceeding from. 3. 
Rising out of a depressed state or from obscurity. 4. 
Coming suddenly j sudden 5 casual j unexpected 3 urgent j 
pressing. 

E-MERTP-ED, a. [L. emeritus.] Allowed to have done suf- 
ficient public service. Evelyn. 

EM'E-RODS, n. with a plural termination. [Corrupted from 
hemorrhoids ^ Gr. aipoppoiSeg.] Hemorrhoids; piles; a 
dilatation of the veins about the rectum, with a discharge 
of blood. 

E-MER'SION, 7f. [L. cmergo.] 1. The act of rising out of 
a fluid or other covering or surrounding substance. — 2. In 
astronomy, the reappearance of a heavenly body after an 
eclipse. 3. The reappearance of a star, which has been 
hid by the effulgence of the sun’s light. 4. Extrication. 

EM'ER-Y, 71. [Fr. emeril, emcri.] A mineral. 

E-MET'IG, a. [It., Sp. emetico.] Inducing to vomit ; ex- 
citing the stomach to discharge its contents by the oesopha- 
gus and mouth. 

E-MET'I€, n. A medicine that provokes vomiting. 

E-MET'I-GAL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to excite 
vomiting. Boyle! 

EM'E-TIN, n. A substance obtained from the root of ipe- 

_ caciiana. 

£'MEW I ^^rn® of the cassowary. 

EM-I-Ca'TION, n. [L. emicatio.] A sparkling ; a flying 
off in small particles, as from heated iron or fermenting 
liquors. 

E-MIC'TION, n. [L. mingo.] The discharging of urine ; 
urine ; what is voided by the urinary passages. 

EM'I-GRANT, a. Removing from one place or country to 
another distant place with a view to reside. 

EMT-GRANT, n. One who removes his habitation, or quits 
one country or region to settle in another. 

EM'I-GRATE, v. i. [L. emigro.] To quit one country, state 
or region and settle in another ; to remove from one coun- 
try or state to another for the purpose of residence. 

EM'I-GRA-TING, ppr. Removing from one country or state 
to another for residence. 

EM-I-GRa'TION, n. Removal of inhabitants from one coun- 
try or state to another, for the purpose of residence. 

EMT-NENCE, ) n. [h. eniinentia.] I. Elevation ; height ; 

EM'I-NEN-CY, I a rising ground; a hill. 2. Summit; 
highest part. 3. A part rising or projecting beyond the 
rest, or above the surface. 4. An elevated situation 
among men ; a place or station above men in general, 
either in rank, office or celebrity. 5. Exaltation ; high 
rank ; distinction ; celebrity ; fame ; preferment ; con- 
spicuousness. G. Supreme degree. 7. Notice ; distinc- 
tion. 8. A title of honor given to cardinals and others. 

EM'I-NENT, a. [L. eminens.] 1. High ; lofty. 2. Exalt- 
ed in rank ; high in office ; dignified ; distinguished. 3. 
High in public estimation ; conspicuous ; distinguished 
above others ; remarkable. 

EM'I-NENT-LY, adv. In a high degree ; in a degree to at- 
tract observation. 

E'MIR, n. [Ar.l A title of dignity among the Turks, de- 
noting a prince. 

EM'IS-SA-RY, 77. [L. emissarius.] 1. A person sent on a 
mission ; a missionary emplo3^ed to preach the gospel. 

2. A person sent on a private message or business ; a se- 
cret agent ; a spy. — An emissary may differ from a spy. 
A spy, in war, is one who enters an enemy’s camp or ter- 
ritories to learn the condition of the enemy ; an emissary 
may be a secret agent employed not only to detect the 
schemes of an opposing party, but to influence their coun- 
cils. 3. That which sends out or emits ; [not used.] 

EM'IS-SA-RY, a. Exploring; spying. B. Jonson. 

E-IMIS'SION, 77. [L. emissio.] 1. The act of sending or 
throwing out. 2. The act of sending abroad, or into cir- 
culation, notes of a state or of a private corporation. 3. 
That which is sent out or issued at one time ; an impres- 
sion or a number of notes issued by one act of govern- 
ment. 

EM-IS-SI"TIOUS, a. Prying ; narrowly examining. Bp. 
Hall. 

E-MIT', V. t. [L. emitto.] 1. To send for'th ; to throw or 
give out. 2. To let fly ; to discharge ; to dart or shoot. 

3. To issue forth, as an order or decree. 4. To issue, as 
notes or bills of credit ; to print, and send into circulation. 

EM-MEN'A-GOGUE, n. [Gr. eppyvos.] A medicine that 
promotes the menstrual discharge. 

EM'MET, 77. [Sax. cemet.] An ant or pismire. 

EM-MEW', V. t. To mew ; to coop up ; to confine in a coop 
or cage. Shale. 

t EM-MOVE', V. t. To move ; to rouse ; to excite. Spenser. 

EM-OL-LES'CENCE, n. [L. emolleschis.] In metallurgy 


♦ See Synopsu. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BJJLL, UNITE.~€ as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH aa in this. | Obsolete 


EMP 


294 


EMP 


that degree of softness in a fusible body, which alters its 
shape ; the first or lowest degree of fusibility. 
E-MOL'LI-ATE, V. t. [L. emoLlio.] To soften ; to render 
effeminate. 

E-MOL'LI-A-TED, pp. Softened ; rendered effeminate. 
E-MOL'LI-A-TING, ppr. Softening ; rendering effeminate. 
E-MOL'LI-ENT, a. Softening j making supple relaxing 
the SQlids. Arbuthnot. 

E-MOL'LI-ENT, n. A medicine which softens and relaxes, 
or sheaths the solids. Coze. 

EM-OL-LI"TION, n. The act of softening or relaxing. 
E-MOL'U-MENT, n. [L. emolumentum.] 1 . The profit 
arising from office or employment 3 that which is received 
as a compensation for services. 2 . Profit 3 advantage 3 
gains in general. 

E-MOL-U-MENT/AL, a. Producing profit 3 useful 3 profit- 
able 3 advantageous. Evelyn. 

E-M6NOST^, for among, in Spenser, is mmistake. 
E-M 6 'T 10 N, n. [L. emotio.] 1 . A moving of the mind 3 
any agitation of mind, or excitement of sensibility. — 2. 
In a philosophical sense, an internal motion or agitation of 
the mind, which passes away without desire 3 when de- 
sire follows, the motion or agitation is called a passion. 
f EM-PAIR' V. t. To impair. See Impair. 

I EM-PAIR'’, V. i. To become less 3 to grow worse. Spenser. 
EM-PaLE', V. t. [Port, ernpalar ; Fr. empaler.] I. To fence 
or fortify with stakes 3 to set a line of stakes or posts for 
defense. 2 . To inclose 3 to surround. 3 . To inclose 3 to 
shut in. 4 . To thrust a stake up the fundament, and thus 
put to death 5 to put to death by fixing on a stake. 
EM-PaL'ED, (em-pa.kP) pp. Fenced or fortified with stakes 3 
inclosed 5 shut in 3 fixed on a stake. 

EM-PALE'MENT, n. 1 . A fencing, fortifying or inclosing 
with stakes 3 a putting to death by thrusting a stake into 
the body. — 2 . In botany, the calyx or flower-cup of a plant, 
which surrounds the fructification, like a fence of pales. — 
3 . In heraldry, a conjunction of coats of arms, pale-wise. 
EM-PaL'ING, ppr. Fortifying witli pales or stakes 3 inclo- 
sing 3 putting to death on a stake. 

EM-PAN'NEL, n. [Yr. panneaxi.'] A list of jurors 3 a small 
piece of paper or parchment containing the names of the 
jurors summoned by the sheriff 3 now written pannel. 
EM-PAN'NEL, v. t. To form a list of jurors. It is now 
written impannel, which see. 

EM-PaRK', V. t. To inclose as with a fence. King. 
EM-PAR'LANCE. See Imparlance. 

EM-PASM', n. [Gr. epiraaau}.] A powder used to prevent 
the bad scent of the body. 

EM-PAS'SION, V. t. To move with passion 3 to affect 
strongly. See Impassion. Milton. 

EM-PAS'SION-AT^e, a. Strongly affected. Spenser. 
ExM-PkACH'. See Impeach. 

EM-PEPRAL. See Empiric. 

EM-PeO'PLE, (em-pee'pl) v. t. To form into a people or 
community. [Little used.] Spenser. 

EM'PER-ESS. See Empress. 
t EM-PER'IL, V. t. To endanger. Spenser. 
t EM-PER'ISHED, a. Decayed. Spenser. 

EMTER-OR, n. [Fr. empereur ; Sp. emperador ,* It. impe- 
radore ; L. imperator.] Literally, the commander of an 
army. — In modern times, the sovereign or supreme monarch 
of an empire 3 a title of dignity superior to that of king. 
fEM'PER-Y, n. Empire. Shak. 

EM'PHA-SIS, n. [Gr. cycpaais.] In rhetoric, a particular 
stress of voice, given to certain words or parts of a dis- 
course, or a distinctive utterance of words specially sig- 
nificant. 

EMTHA-SIZE, v. t. To utter or pronounce with a particu- 
lar or more forcible stress of voice. 

EM-PHAT'I€, 1 o. 1 . Forcible 3 strong 3 impressive. 
EM-PHATft-€AL, j 2 . Requiring emphasis. 3 . Uttered 
with emphasis. 4 . Striking to the eye. 
EM-PHAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. 1 . With emphasis 5 strongly 3 
forcibly. 2 . According to appearance 3 [not vsed.] Brown. 
EM-PIIY-Se'MA, I n. [Gr. ep(pvGyixa.'\ In surgery, a puffy 
EMTHY-SEM, ^ tumor, easily yielding to^^ressure. 
EM-PIIY-SEM'A-TOUS, a. Pertaining to emphysema 3 
swelled, bloated, but yielding easily to pressure. 
EM-PIIY-TEu'TI€, a. [Gr. ep, ev and (j)VTevais.] Taken 
on hire 5 that for which rent is to be paid. 
fEM-PIERCE', (em-pers') v.t. To pierce into 3 to pene- 
trate._See Pierce. Spenser. 
t EM-PIGHT', a. [from pight, to fix.] Fixed. Spenser. 
EMTiRE, 71 . [Fr., from L. imperium .~\ 1 . Supreme power 
in governing; supreme dominion 3 sovereignty 3 imperial 
power. 2 . The territory, region or countries under the 
jurisdiction and dominion of an emperor. An empire is 
usually a territory of greater extent than a kingdom. 3. 
Supreme control ; governing influence 3 rule 3 sway. 4 . 
Any region, land or Avater, over which dominion is ex- 
tended. 

* EM'PI-RIG, n. [Gr. epTreipiKog.] Literally, one who makes 
experiments. A physician who enters on practice without 


a regular professional education. A quack 3 an ignorant 
pretender to medical skill 3 a charlatan. 

EM-PIR'IG, )a. 1 . Pertaining to experiments or expe- 

EM-PIRT-CAL, I rience. 2 . Versed in experiments. 3 . 
Known only by experience 5 derived from experiment 3 
used and applied without science. 

EM-PIR'I-€AL-LY, adv. By experiment 3 according to ex- 
perience 3 without science 3 in the manner of quacks. 

EM-PIR'I-CISM, n. 1 . Dependence of a physician on his 
experience in practice, without the aid of a regular med- 
ical education. 2 . The practice of medicine without a 
medical education 3 quackery. 

EM-PLAS'TER, n. [Gr. ep-nKaaTpov.'] See Plaster. 

EM-PLAS'TER, v. t. To cover with a plaster. Mortimer. 

EM-PLAS'TI€, a. [Gr. epnXaariKos.] See Plastic. Vis- 
cous 3 glutinous 3 adhesive 3 fit to be applied as a plaster. 

EM-PLeAD', V. t. To charge with a crime 3 to accuse. It 
is now written implead. 

EM-PLOY', V. t. [IT. employer.'] 1 . To occupy the time, 
attention and labor of 3 to keep busy, or at work 3 to use. 
2 . To use as an instrument or means. 3 . To use as ma- 
terials in forming any thing. 4 . To engage in one’s ser- 
vice 3 to use as an agent or substitute in transacting busi- 
ness. 5 . To occupy 3 to use 3 to apply or devote to an 
object 3 to pass in business. — To employ one^s self, is to ap- 
ply or devote one’s time and attention 3 to busy one’s self. 

EM-PLOY', n. 1 . That which engages the mind, or occu- 
pies the time and labor of a person 3 business 3 object of 
study or industry 3 employment. 2. Occupation, as art, 
mystery, trade, profession. 3 . Public office 3 agency 3 
service for another. 

EM-PLOY'A-BLE, a. That may be employed 3 capable of 
being used 3 fit or proper for use. Boyle. 

EM-PLOY'ED, (em-ployd') pp. Occupied 3 fixed or en- 
gaged 3 applied in business 3 used in agency. 

EM-PLOY'ER, n. One who employs 3 one who uses 3 one 
who engages or keeps in service. 

EM-PLOY'ING, ppr. Occupying 3 using 3 keeping busy. 

EM-PLOY'MEKT, n. 1 . The act of employing or using. 
2 . Occupation 3 business 3 that which engages the head 
or hands. 3 . Office 3 public business or trust 3 agency or 
service for another or for the public. 

EM-PLUNGE'. See Plunge. 

EM-POIS'ON, V. t. [Fr. empoisonner.] 1 . To poison ; to 
administer poison to. 2 . To taint with poison or venom 3 
to render noxious or deleterious by an admixture of poison- 
ous substance. 3 . To imbitter 3 to deprive of sweetness. 

EM-POIS'ONED, pp. Poisoned 3 tainted with venom 3 im- 
bittered. 

EM-POIS'ON-ER, n. One who poisons 3 one who adminis- 
ters a deleterious drug 3 he or that which imbittei"S. 

EM-POIS'ON-ING, ppr. Poisoning 3 imbittering. 

EM-POIS'Of-’^-MENT, n. The act of administering poison, 
or causing it to be taken 3 the act of destroying life by a 
deleterious drug. 

EM-PO-RETft€, a. [Gr. tpiroperiKog.] Used in markets, or 
in merchandise. 

EM-Po'RI-UM, n. [L.] 1 . A place of merchandise 3 a 
town or city of trade 3 particularly, a city or town of ex- 
tensive commerce. — ^ 2 . In medicine, the common sensory 
in the brain. 

EM-POV'ER-ISII. See Impoverish. 

EM-POW'ER, V. t. 1 . To give legal or moral power or au- 
thority to 3 to authorize, either by law, commission, letter 
of attorney, natural right, or by verbal license. 2 . To 
give physical poAver or force 3 to enable. 

EiM-POW'EREL), pp. Authorized 3 having legal or moral 
right. 

EM-POW'ER-ING, ppT*. Authorizing 3 giving power. 

EMTRESS, n. [contracted from emperess.] 1. The con- 
sort or spouse of an emperor. 2 . A female Avho gov- 
erns an empire 3 a female invested with imperial poAver 
or sovereignty. 

EM-PRiSE', n. [Norm. 3 cm, en andi prise.] An undertak- 
ing 3 an enterprise. Spenser. 

EMP'TI-ER, n. One that empties or exhausts. 

EMP'TI-NESS, n. 1 . A state of being empty 3 a state of 
containing nothing except air 3 destitution 3 absence of 
matter. 2 . Void space 3 vacuity ; vacuum. 3 . Want 
of solidity or substance. 4 . Unsatisfactoriness ; inability 
to satisfy desire. 5 . Vacuity of head 3 Avant of intellect 
or knovA’ledge. Pope. 

EMP^TION, 71 . [L. emptio.] The act of buying 3 a purchas- 
ing. [Mot much tised.] Arbuthnot. 

EMFT Y, a. [Sax. cemtig, or (smti.] 1 . Containing nothing, 
or nothing but air. 2 . Evacuated ; not filled. 3 . Unftir- 
nished. 4 . Void 3 devoid. 5 . Void 3 destitute of solid 
matter. 6. Destitute of force or effect. 7 . Unsubstantial 3 
unsatisfactory 3 not able to fill the mind or the desires. 
8. Not supplied 3 having nothing to cairy. 9 . Hungry. 
10 . Unfurnished Avith intellect or knoAvdedge 3 vacant of 
head ; ignorant. 11 . Unfruitful 3 producing nothing. 
12 . Wanting substance 3 wanting solidity. 13 . Destitute 3 


* See S 7 jnopsis. A, E, I, o, U, Y, long.— FAY. , FALL, WHAT 3— PRfiY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD j Obsolete. 


i 


ENA 295 ENC 


waste ; desolate. 14. Without effect. 15. Without a 
cargo j in balhist. 

EMP'TV, V. t. 1. To exhaust ; to make void or destitute j 
to deprive of the contents. 2. To pour out the contents. 
3. To waste j to make desolate. 

EMP’TV, V. i. 1. To pour out or discharge its contents. 
2. To become empty. 

EMP'TV-ING, ppr. Pouring out the contents ; making void. 
EiMP'TV-lXGS, n. The lees of beer, cider, &c. 
EM-PUR'PLE, V. t. To tinge or dye of a purple color j to 
discolor with purple. Philips. 

EM-PLTl'PLED, pp. Stained with a purple color. 
EM-PUR‘PLING, ppr. Tinging or dyeing of a purple color, 
f EM-PuSE', 71. [Gr. ep-rrovtja.] A phantom or spectre. 
EM-PLJZ'ZL£. Sec Puzzle. 

EM-PY-e'MA, n. [Gr. epirvijiJia.] A collection of purulent 
matter in any part whatsoever ; generally used to signify 
that in the cavity of the breast only. Quincy. 
EM-PYIPE-AL, a. [Fr. empyree.] 1. Formed of pure fire 
or light j refined beyond aerial substance; pertaining to 
the highest and purest region of heaven. 2. Pure ; vital ; 
deplilogistmated. 

* EM-PY-Re'AN, a. Empyreal. Akenside. 

* EM-PY-Re'AN, 71. The highest heaven, where the pure 
element of fire has been supposed to subsist. 

EM-PYIPE- UM, 71. The same as empyreuma. 
EM-PY-REu'MA, n. [Gr.] In chemistry^ a disagreeable 
smell produced from burnt oils. 

EM-PY-RE(J-MAT'1€, I a. Having the taste or smell 
EM-PY-REU-MAT'J-GAL, j of burnt oil, or of burning 
animal and vegetable substances. 

EM-PYR'1-CAL, a. Containing the combustible principle 
of coal. Kirwan. 

EM-PY-Ro'SIS, 71. [Gr. £/77rvpoaj.] A general fire ; a con- 
fiagration. \^Little used.^ Hale. 

EM'RODS. See Emerods. 

E'MIJ, 71. A large fowl of South America, with wings unfit 
for tlight. 

EM'CJ-LATE, v.t. \1 j. cemulor.'\ 1. To strive to equal or 
excel, in qualities or actions ; to imitate, with a view to 
equal or excel ; to vie with ; to rival. 2. To be equal to. 
3. To imitate ; to resemble ; [M7iitsMaL] 

EM'U-LATE, a. Ambitious. yLittle used.] Shak. 
EM'U-LA-TED, pp. Rivaled ; imitated. 

EM'U-LA-TING, pp\ Rivaling ; attempting to equal or 
excel; imitating; resembling. 

EM-U-LA'TION, n. 1. The act of attempting to equal or 
excel in qualities or actions ; rivalry ; desire of superior- 
ity, attended with etfort to attain to it; generally in a 
good sense. 2. An ardor kindled by the praise-worthy 
examples of others, inciting to imitate them, or to equal 
or excel them. 3. Contest ; contention ; strife ; competi- 
tion ; rivalry accompanied with a desire of depressing 
another. 

EM'U-LA-TiVE, a. Inclined to emulation ; rivaling ; dis- 
posed to competition. 

EM'U-LA-TOR, n. One who emulates ; a rival ; a compet- 
itor. 

EM'U-LA-TRESS, n. A female who emulates another, 
t E-MuLE^, V. t. To emulate. 

E-MULG'EXT, a. [lu. emulgeo.] Milking or draining out. 
In anatomy^ the emulgent or renal arteries are those which 
supply the kidneys with blood. The emulgent veins re- 
turn llie blood, after the urine is secreted. 

E-MULG'ENT, 11 . An emulgent vessel. 

EM'U-LOUS, a. \\j. mnulus.] 1. Desirous or eager to imi- 
tate, equal or excel another ; desirous of like excellence 
with another ; with of. 2. Rivaling ; engaged in compe- 
tition. 3. Factious ; contentious. 

EM U-LOUS-LY, adv. With desire of equalling or excelling 
another. Granville. 

E-MUL'SION, n. [Fr., from L. emulsus.] A soft liquid 
remedy of a color and consistence resembling milk. 
E-MUL'rilVE, a. I. Softening; milk-like. 2. Producing 
or yielding a milk-like substance. 

E-MUXC'TO-RY, v. [L. emunctoriuin.] In anatomy, any 
part of the body which serves to carry oft'excrementitious 
matter ; a secretory gland ; an excretory duct. 
EM-US-€A'TIOX, n. [L. ernuscor.] A freeing from moss. 
[JVot much used.] Kvelyn. 

EX, a prefix to many English words, chiefiy borrowed from 
the French. It coincides with the Latin in, Greek ev, 
and some English words are written indifferently with cn 
or in. For the ease of pronunciation, it is changed to ein, 
particularly before a labial, as in employ. — En was for- 
merly a plural termination of nouns and of verbs, as in 
housev, escapen. It is retained in oxen and children. 
EX-A'BLE, V. t. [Xorm. enhabler.] 1. To make able; to 
supply with power, physical or moral ; to furnish with 
sulficient power or ability. 2. To supply with means, 

3. To fuinish with legal ability or competency ; to au- 
thorize. 4. To furnish with competent knowledge or 
skill, and, in general, with adequate means. 


EN-A'BLED, pp. Supplied with sufficient power, physical, 
moral or legal. 

EX^-A'RLE-MENT, n. The act of enabling ; ability. 
EX-a'BLING, ppr. Giving power to ; supplying with suffi- 
cient power, ability or means ; authorizing. 

EN-AET', V. t. [eyt and act.] 1. To make, as a law ; to pass, 
as a bill into a law ; to perform the last act of a legislature 
to a bill, giving it validity as a law ; to give legislative 
sanction to a bill. 2. I’o decree ; to establish as the will 
of the supreme power. 3. To act ; to perform ; to eftect ; 
[not Tiset/.J 4. To represent in action ; [not wsed.] Shak. 
t EX-AGT', n. Purpose; determination. 

EX^-A€T'ED, pp. Passed into a law ; sanctioned as a law, 
by legislative authority. 

EX-AGTTXG, 1. Passing into a law; giving legisla- 
tive sanction to a bill, and establishing it as a law. 2. a. 
Giving legislative forms and sanction. 

EN^-A€T'IVE, a. Having the power to establish or decree. 
Bp. Brannhall. 

EN-A€T'MENT, n. The passing of a bill into a law ; the 
act of voting, decreeing, and giving validity to a law. 
Chr. Observer. 

EN-A€T'OR, 71. 1. One who enacts or passes a law ; one 
who decrees or establishes, as a law. 2. One who per- 
forms any thing ; [not used.] Shak. 

I EN-ACT'URE, n. Purpose. Shak. 

E-NAL'LA-GE, 7i. [Gr. ci/aAAay;/.] A figure, in grammar, 
by which some change is made in the common mode of 
speech, or when one word is substituted for another. 

EX-AM'BJjSH, V. t. 1. To hide in ambush. 2. To ambush. 

EN-AM'BjjSHED, pp. Concealed in ambush, or with hostile 
intention ; ambushed. 

EN-AM'EL, n. [en, and Fr. email.] 1. In mineralogy, a 
substance imperfectly vitrified. — In the arts, a substance 
of the nature of glass, differing from it by a greater degree 
of fusibility or opacity. 2. '1 hat which is enameled ; a 
smooth, glossy surface of various colors, resembling en- 
amel. — 3. In anatomy, the smooth, hard substance, which 
covers the crown of a tooth. 

EX-AM'EL, V. t. 1. To lay enamel on a metal, as on gold, 
silver, copper, &c. 2. To paint in enamel. 3. To form 
a glossy surface like enamel. 

EN-AM'EL, V. i. To practice the use of enamel. 

EN-AM'EL-AR, a. Consisting of enamel ; resembling en- 
amel ; smooth ; glossy. 

EN-AM'ELED, pp. Overlaid with enamel ; adorned with 
any thing resembling enamel. 

EN-AM'EL-ER, n. One who enamels ; one whose occupa- 
tion is to lay enamels, or inlay colors. 

EN-AM'EL-ING, jipr. Laying enamel. 

EX-AM'EL-ING, n. The act or art of laying enamels. 

EX-AM'^.R, V. t. [Fr. amour.] To inflame with love ; to 
charm’'; to captivate. 

EX^-AM-O-RA'DO, n. One deeply in love. Herbert. 

EX-AM'ORED, pp. Inflamed with love; charmed; de- 
lighted. 

EX-AM^OR-ING, ppr. Inflaming with love ; charming ; 
captivating. 

EN-ARM'ED, (en-armfl^ «• In heraldry, having arms, that is, 
horns, hoofs, &c. of a different color from that of the 
body. 

EN-AR-RA'TIOX, n. [L. enarro.] Recital ; relation ; ac- 
count ; exposition. [Little used.] 

EN-AR-THRo'SIS, n. [Gr. evapdpoiaig.] In anatomy, that 
species of articulation, which consists in the insertion of 
the round end of a bone in the cup-like cavity of another, 
forming a movable joint ; the ball and socket. 

E-XATE', rt. [L. e7mti/s.] Growing out. Smith. 

t E-NAUX'TER, adv. Lest that. Spenser. 

EX-CAGE', 7’. t. To shut up or confine in a cage ; to coop. 
Shak. 

EN-€AG'ED, (en-kajd') pp. Shut up or confined in a cage. 

EX-CAG'ING, ppr. Cooping ; confining in a cage. 

EX-CAMP', V. i. 1. To pitch tents or form huts, as an 
army ; to halt on a march, spread tents and remain for a 
night or for a longer time, as an army or company. 2. To 
pitch tents for the purpose of a siege ; to besiege. 

EX-CAMP', V. t. To form into a camp; to place a marching 
army or company in a temporary habitation or quarters. 

EX-CAMP'ED, (en-kampt') pp. Settled in tents or huts for 
lodging or temporary habitation. 

EX-CAMPTXG, ppr. Pitching tents or forming huts, for a 
temporary lodging or rest. 

EX^-CAMP'MEXT, n. 1. The act of pitching tents or form- 
ing huts, as an army or traveling company, for temporary 
lodging or rest. 2. The place where an army or company 
is encamped ; a camp. 

EX-CAX^K'ER, V. t. To corrode; to canker. Shelton. 

EX-CASE', V. t. To inclose or confine in a case or cover. 

EX-CAUS'TIC, a. [Gr. ev and KavartKos.] Pertaining to 
the art of enameling, and to painting in burnt wax. 

EX-CALJS'TIC, n. I. Enamel or enameling. 2. The 
method of painting in burnt wax. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ; — BIj LL, UNITE. — C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


ENC 


296 


ENC 


EN-€aVE , V. t. To liide in a cave or recess. Shak. 

EN-CEIIST', (aii-saint') n. [Fr.] In /ort(^caYio?t, inclosure } 
the wall or rampart which surrounds a place. 

EN-CEINT', (an-saint') a. In law^ pregnant ; with child. 

EN-Ck'NI-A, n. phi. [Gr. evyKaivia.] Festivals anciently 
kept on the days on which cities were built, or churches 
consecrated j and, in later times, ceremonies renewed at 
certain periods, as at Oxford, at the celebrations of foun- 
ders and benefactors. Oldisworth. 

EN-CHaFE', v.t. To chafe or fretj to provoke; to en- 
rage ; to irritate. See Chafe. 

EN-CHaF'ED, (en-chafF) pp. Chafed ; irritated ; en- 
raged. 

EN-CHaF'ING, ppr. Chafing ; fretting; enraging. 

EN-CIIaIN', V. t. ■[Fr. enchahier.] J. To fasten with a 
chain ; to bind or hold in chains ; to hold in bondage. 2. 
To hold fast ; to restrain ; to confine. 3. To link togeth- 
er ; to connect. 

EN-CHaIN'ED, (en-chand') pp. Fastened with a chain ; 
held in bondage ; held fast ; restrained ; confined. 

EN-CflAIN'ING, ppr. Making fast with a chain ; binding; 
holding in chains ; confining. 

EN-CHANT', V. t. [Fr. enchanter.'j 1. To practice sorcery 
or witchcraft on any thing ; to give efficacy to any thing 
by songs of sorcery, or fascination. 2. To subdue by 
charms or spells. 3. To delight to the highest degree ; to 
charm ; to ravish with pleasure. 

EN-CHANT'ED, pp. 1. Affected by sorcery ; fascinated ; 
subdued by charms ; delighted beyopd measure. 2. In- 
habited or possessed by elves, witches, or other imaginary 
mischievous spirits. 

EiV-CHANT'ER, n. 1. One who enchants ; a sorcerer or 
magician ; one who has spirits or demons at his com- 
mand ; one who practices enchantment. 2. One who 
charms or delights. — Enchanter^a nightshade, a genus of 
plants, the circcea. 

EN-CIIANT'ING, ppr. 1. Affecting with sorcery, charms 
or spells. 2. Delighting highly; ravishing with delight; 
charming. 3. a. Charming ; delighting ; ravishing. 

EN-CHANTTNG-LY, adv. With the power of enchant- 
ment ; in a manner to delight or charm. 

EN-CHANT'MENT, n. 1. The act of producing certain 
wonderful effects by the invocation or aid of demons, or 
the agency of certain supposed spirits ; the use of magic 
arts, spells or charms; incantation. 2. Irresistible influ- 
ence ; overpowering influence of delight. 

EN-CHANTOIE>SS, n. 1. A sorceress ; a woman who pre- 
tends to effect wonderful things by the aid of demons; 
one who pretends to practice magic. 2. A woman whose 
beauty or excellencies give irresistible influence. 

t EiNi-CHARGE', v. t. To give in charge or trust. 

EX-CHASE', v.t. [Fr. enchasscr.] I. To infix inclose 
in another body so as to be held fast, but not concealed. I 
2. Technically, to adorn by embossed work ; to enrich or j 
beautify any work in metal, by some design. 3. ^’o adorn j 
by being fixed on it. 4. To mark by incision. 5. To de- | 
lineate. i 

EN-CHAS'ED, (en-chast') pp. Enclosed as in a frame or in j 
another body; adorned with embossed work. j 

EN-CHAS'ING, p;?r. Inclosing in another body; adorning 
with entbossed work. 

t EN-CHkAS'ON, n. [Old Fr.] Cause ; occasion. 

j EN-CHI-RIDT-ON, n. [Gr. ev and ^ nianual ; a book 

to be carried in the hand. 

t EN-CIN'DEllED, a. Burnt to cinders. Cockeram. 

EN-CiR'€LE, V. t. 1. To inclose or surround with a circle 
or ring, or with any thing in a circular form. 2. To en- 
compass ; to surround ; to environ. 3. To embrace. 

EN-CiR'CLED, pp. Surrounded with a circle ; encompassed; 
environed ; embraced. 

EN-Cill'CLET, n. A circle ; a ring. Sidney. 

EN-CtR'€LING, ppr. Surrounding with a circle or ring ; 
encompassing ; embracing. 

EN-€LIT'l€, ) a. [Gr. c)/«Xtrtxof.] 1. Leaning; inclin- j 

EN-CLITT-CAIj, ) ing, or inclined. — In grarntnar, an en- j 
clitic particle or word is one which is so "closely united to j 
another as to seem to be a part of it ; as que, nc, and ve, \ 
in virumque, nonne, aliusi-e. 2. Throwing back the ac- 
cent upon the foregoing syllable. 

EN-€LITT€, v. 1. A word which is joined to the end of 
another ; as qtie, in virumque. 2. A particle or word that j 
throws the accent or emphasis back upon the former syl- i 
lable. j 

EN-GLIT'I-€ AL-L Y, adv. In an enclitic manner ; by throw- 1 
ing the accent back. Walker. 

EN-€LIT'I€S, a. In grammar, the art of declining and 
conjugating words. 

EN-GLo^E'. See Inclose. 

EN-GfiOUD'ED, a. Covered with clouds. Spenser. 

EN-CoACH', v. t. To carry in a coach. Davies. 

EN-€OF'FIN, V. t. To put in a coffin. 

EN-COF'FINED, pp. Inclosed in a coffin. Spenser. 

EN-C6M'BER. See Encumber. 


|EN-€6M'BER-MENT, n. Molestation. Spenser. 

EN-€o'MI-AST, n. [Gr. cyKinpiacrrys.] One who praises 
another ; a panegyrist ; one who utters or writes com- 
mendations. 

EN-€0-MI-AS'TI€, ^ a. Bestowing praise ; praising j 

EN-CO-MI-AS'TI-€AL, ) commending; laudatory. 

EN-€0-MI-AS'TI€, n. A panegyric. 

[EN-Co'MI-ON, ri. Panegyric. Futherby. 

EN-€o'MI-UM, piM. Encomiums. [L.] Praise ; pane- 
gyric ; commendation. 

Ei\-€6M'PASS, V. t. 1. To encircle ; to surround. 2. To 
environ ; to inclose ; to surround ; to shut in. 3. To go 
or sail round. 

EN-€6M'PASSED, pp. Encircled ; surrounded ; inclosed. 

EN-C6MTASS-ING, ppr. Encircling ; surrounding. 

EN-CoM'PASS-MEXT, n. 1. A surrounding. 2. A going 
round ; circumlocution in speaking. Shak. 

*EN-€oRE', a French word pronounced nearly dn-kort* 
and signifying again, once more / used by the auditors 
and spectators of plays and other sports, when they call 
for a repetition of a particular part. 

* EN-CoRE', ('an-kore') v. t. To call for a repetition of a par- 
ticular part of an entertainment. 

EN-COUi\T'ER, 71 . [Fr. encontre.] 1. A meeting, particu- 
larly a sudden or accidental meeting of two or more per- 
sons. 2. A meeting in contest; a single combat, on a 
sudden meeting of parties ; sometimes, less properly, a 
duel. 3. A fight ; a conflict ; a skirmish ; a battle ; but 
more generally, a fight between a small number of men. 

4. Eager and warm conversation, either in love or anger. 

5. A sudden or unexpected address or accosting. 6. Oc- 
casion ; Ccisual incident ; [mitisual.] 

EN-COUNT'EPt, v. t. [Sp., Port, encontrar ; Fr. rencon- 
tr-er.'] 1. To meet face to face; particularly, to meet 
suddenly or unexpectedly. 2. To meet in opposition, or 
in a hostile manner ; to rush against in conflict ; to engage 
with in battle. 3. To meet and strive to remove or sur- 
mount. 4. To meet and oppose ; to resist ; to attack and 
attempt to confute. 5. To meet, as an obstacle. G. To 
oppose ; to oppugn. 7. To meet in mutual kindness ; 
[little used.'] 

EN-COUNT'ER, v. i. 1. To meet face to face ; to meet un- 
expectedly. 2. To rush together in combat; to fight; to 
conflict. 3. To meet in opposition or debate. 

EN-€OUNT'ERED, pp. M t face to face ; met in opposition 
or hostility ;*opposed. 

EN-€OUNT'ER-ER, n. One who encounters; an oppo- 
nent ; an antagonist. Atterbury. 

EN-COUXT'ER-ING, ppr. Meeting; meeting in opposition, 
or in battle ; opposing ; resisting. 

EN-€6UR'AGE, (en-kur'raje) v. t. [Fr. encourager.] To 
give courage to ; to give or increase confidence of success ; 
to inspire with courage, spirit, or strength of mind ; to 
embolden ; to animate ; to incite ; to inspirit. 

EN-€6UR'AGED, pp. Emboldened ; inspirited ; animated ; 
incited. 

EN-€6UR'AGE-MENT, n. 1. The act of giving courage, or 
confidence of success ; incitement to action or to prac- 
tice ; incentive. 2. That which serves to incite, support, 
promote or advance, as favor, countenance, rewards, 
profit. 

EN-€6UR'A-GER, n. One who encourages, incites or stim- 
ulates to action ; one who supplies incitements, either by 
council, reward or means of execution. 

EN-€oUR'A-GlNG, ppr. 1. Inspiring with hope and confi- 
dence ; exciting courage. 2. a. Furnishing ground to 
hope for success. 

EN-CoUR'A-GiNG-LY, adv. In a manner to give courage, 
or hope of success. 

EN-€RA'DLE, v. t. To lay in a cradle. Spenser. 

EN-€RIM'SON, v. t. To cover with a crimson color. 

EN-€RIM'SONED, pp. Covered with a crimson color. 

EN'CRI-NITE, 71. [Gr. *rptvov.] Stone-lily ; a fossil zoo- 
phyte, formed of many joints, all perforated by some 
starry form. 

EN-€RISP'ED, (en-krispt') a. [Sp. envrespar.] Curled ; 
formed in curls. Skelton. 

EN-CRoACH', V. i. [Fr. accrocher.] 1. To enter on the 
rights and possessions of another ; to intrude ; to take 
possession of what belongs to another, by gradual ad- 
vances into. 2. To creep on gradually, without right. 3. 
To pass the proper bounds, and enter on another’s rights. 

EN-€RoACH'ER, n. 1. One who enters on and takes pos- 
session of what is not his own, by gradual steps. 2. One 
who makes gradual advances beyond his rights. 

EN-€RoACH'ING, ppr. Entering on and taking possession 
of what belongs to another. 

EN-€RoACH'lNG, a. Tending or apt to encroach. 

EN-€ROACII'ING-LY, adv. By way of encroachment. 

EN-€RoACH'MENT, n. 1. The entering gradually on the 
rights or possessions of another, and taking possession , 
unlawful intrusion ; advance into the territories or juiis- 
diction of another, by silent means, or without right. 2. 


^ See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, t), Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PR£Y j—PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


END 


297 ENE 


That which is taken by encroaching on another. — 3. In 
Zaw, if a tenant owes two shillings rent-service to the 
lord, and the lord takes three, it is an encroachment, 

EN-€RUST', V. t. To cover with a crust. 

EN-€U3RBER, v. t. [Fr. encombrer. See Incumber.] 1. 
To load ; to clog ; to impede motion with a load, burden, 
or any thing inconvenient to the limbs j to render motion 
or operation dithcult or laborious. 2. To embarrass j to 
perplex ; to obstruct. 3. To load with debts. 

EN-CUM'BERED, pp. Loaded ; impeded in motion or ope- 
ration, by a burden or difficulties j loaded with debts. 

EN-GUM'BER-ING, ppr. Loading; clogging; rendering 
motion or operation difficult ; loading with debts. 

EN-€UM'BRArv'CE, n. 1. A load; any thing that impedes 
motion, or renders it difficult and laborious ; clog ; imped- 
iment. 2. Useless addition or load. 3. Load or burden 
on an estate ; a legal claim on an estate, for the discharge 
of which the estate is liable. 

f EX-CY€'Ll-GAL, a. [Gr. cyioncXtico?.] Circular; sent to 
many persons or places ; intended for many, or for a whole 
order of men. 

EX-Cf 'CLO-BEDE, n. The round of learning. Mannyng- 
ham. 

EN-CY-CLG-Pe'DI-A, or EN-CY-€LO-Pk'DY, n, [Gr. 
icuicXoj and -rraiSua.] The circle of sciences ; a general 
system of instruction or knowledge. A collection of the 
principal facts, principles and discoveries, in all branches 
of science and the arts, digested under proper titles, and 
arranged in alpliabetical order. 

EX"-CY-CLO-Pe'DI-AX^, a. Embracing the whole circle of 
learning. 

EX"-CY-€LO-Pi^'DIST, n. The compiler of an encyclope- 
dia, or one who assists in such compilation. 

EX-CY ST' ED, a. Inclosed in a bag, bladder, or vesicle. 

EX’D, n. [Sax. end, ende, or cende ; G. ende.'] 1. The ex- 
treme point of a line, or of any thing that has more length 
than breadth. 2. The extremity or last part, in general ; 
the close or conclusion, applied, to time. 3. The conclu- 
sion or cessation of an action. 4. The close or conclusion ; 
as the end of a chapter. 5. Ultimate state or condition ; 
final doom. 6. The point beyond which no progression 
can be made. 7. Final determination ; conclusion of de- 
bate or deliberation. 8. Close of life ; death ; decease. 

9. Cessation ; period ; close of a particular state of things. 

10. Limit; termination. 11. Destruction. 12. Cause of 
death ; a destroyer. 13. Consequence ; issue ; result ; 
conclusive event ; conclusion. 14. A fragment or broken 
piece. Shak. 15. The ultimate point or thing at which 
one aims or directs his viqws ; purpose intended ; scope ; 
aim; drift. — 16. An end, on end, upright; erect; as, 
his hair stands an end. — 17. The ends of the earth, in 
Scnptnre, are the remotest parts of the earth. 

EXD, V. t. 1. To tinish ; to close ; to conclude ; to termin- 
ate. 2. To destroy ; to put to death. 

EX"D, V. i. 1. To come to the ultimate point ; to be finished. 
2. To terminate ; to close ; to conclude. 3. To cease ; to 
come to a close. 

t END'-ALL, 71. Final close. Shak. 

EiX-DAM'AGE, V. t. To bring loss or damage to ; to harm ; 
to injure ; to mischief ; to prejudice. 

EN-DAM'AGED, pp. Harmed ; injured. 

EX-DAXFAGE-MEXT, 71. Damage ; loss; injury. Shak. 

EX^-DAXPA-GIXG, ppr. Harming; injuring. 

EX^-DaX^GER, V. t. 1. To put in hazard ; to bring into dan- 
ger or peril ; to expose to loss or injury. 2. To incur the 
hazard of. Bacon. 

EN^-DaX'GERED, pp. Exposed to loss or injury. 

EX^-DaX'GER-IXG, ppr. Putting in hazard ; exposing to 
loss or injury. 

EX-DaX’^'GER-IX'^G, 71. Injury ; damage. Milton. 

EX^-DaN 6ER-MEXT, n. Hazard ; danger. Spenser. 

EX-DeAR', V. t. 1. To make dear ; to make more beloved. 
2. l]o raise the price ; Inot in wse.] 

EX’’-DeAR'ED, (en-deerd') pp. Rendered dear, beloved, or 
more beloved. 

EXM4eAR'IXG, ppr. Making dear or more beloved. 

EX-DeAR'MEXT, 71. 1. The cause of love ; that which ex- 
cites or increases affection, particularly , tliat which excites 
tenderness of affection. 2. The state of being beloved ; 
tender affection. 

EX-DEAV'OR, (en-dev'ur) n. [X^’orm. iZevoi/er.] An effort ; 
an essay ; an attempt ; an exertion of physical strength, or 
the intellectual powers,towards the attainment of an object. 

EX-DE AV^OR, (en-dev'ur) v. i. 1. To exert physical strength 
or intellectual power, for the accomplishment of an object ; 
to try ; to essay ; to attempt. 2. v. t. To attempt to gain ; 
to try to effect. 

EX-DEAV'ORED, pp. Essayed; attempted. 

EX-DEAV'OR-ER, n. One who makes an effort or attempt. 

EXMIEAV OR-TXG, ppr. Making an effort or efforts ; striv- 
ing; essaying; attempting. 

EX’’-DEC'A-GOX^, 71. [Gr. ev. ScKa and ywvta.] A plain figure 
of eleven sides and angles. Bailey. 


EX-DET€'TI€, a. [Gr. ev6ciKvvpi, to show.] Showing j ex- 
hibiting. Enjheld. 

EX-DEM'IC, ^ a. [Gr. evSypiog.] Peculiar to a people or 

EN-DEMH-CAL, > nation. An endemic disease is one to 

EX-De'JMI-AL, ) which the inhabitants of a particular 
country are peculiarly subject. 

EX-DEX^lZE, V. t. To make free ; to naturalize ; to admit 
to the privileges of a denizen. [Little used.] 

EX-DEX'I-ZEX, V. t. To naturalize. B. Jonson. 

EX-DICT/, EX-DlCT[MEXT. See Ind icT, Indictment. 

EXD'IXG, ppr. Terminating; closing; concluding. 

EXIPIXG, 71. 1. Termination; conclusion. — 2. In gram- 
mar, the terminating syllable or letter of a word. 

EXD-iR-OXS, 71. plu. Irons on each side of the fire. See 
Andirons. 

EX-DITE'. Sec Indite. 

EX'DiVE, 71. [Fr. endive.] A species of plant, of the genui 
cichorium or succory ; used as a salad. 

EXD'LESS, a. 1. Without end ; having no end or conclu- 
sion ; applied to length, and to duration. 2. Perpetual ; 
incessant; continual. 

EXD'LESS-LY, adv. 1. Without end or termination. 2. 
Incessantly ; perpetually ; continually. 

EXD'LE!5S-XEk?S, 71. 1. Extension without end or limit. 
2. Perpetuity ; endless duration. 

EXD'LOXG, adv. In a line ; with the end forward ; [little 
used.] Dryden. 

EX^-DOC'TRlXE, v. t. To teach ; to indoctrinate. 

EX-DORSE', EX-DORSE'MEXT. See Indorse, Indorse- 
ment. 

EX"-DOSS',d. t. [Fr. endosser.] To engrave or carve. Spenser. 

EX-DOW^', V. t. [Xorm. endvuer.] 1. To furnish with a 
portion of goods or estate, called dower ; to settle a dower 
on. 2. To settle on, as a permanent provision ; to furnish 
with a permanent fund of property. 3. To enrich or fur- 
nish with any gift, quality or faculty ; to indue. 

EX-DOW'ED, (en-dow'd') pp. Furnished with a portion of 
estate ; having dower settled on ; supplied with a perma- 
nent fund ; indued. 

EX^-DOW'ER, V. t. To endow; to enrich with a portion. 
Waterhouse. 

EN-DOW^'ER, n. One who enriches with a portion. Slier ^ 
wood. 

EX-DOW^'IX'^G, ppr. Settling a dower on; furnishing with 
a permanent fund ; induing. 

EX-DOW'MENT, n. 1. The act of settling a dower on a 
woman, or of settling a fund for the support of a parson or 
vicar, or of a profe.ssor, &.c. 2. That which is bestowed 
or settled on ; property, fund or revenue permanently ap- 
propriated to any object. 3. That which is given or be- 
stowed on the person or mind by the Creator; gift of 
nature ; any quality or faculty bestowed by the Creator. 

EX-DRUDGE', (en-druj') v. t To make a drudge or slave j 
[ixot 77sed.] Hall. 

EN-DuE', V. t. [Fr. enduire ; L. induo.] To indue. 

EX-DuR'A-BLE, a. That can be borne or suffered. 

EX-DuR'AX"CE, 77. 1. Continuance ; a state of lasting or 
duration; lastingness. 2. A bearing or suffering ; a con- 
tinuing under pain or distress without resistance, or with- 
out sinking or yielding to the pressure ; sufierance ; pa- 
tience. 3. Delay ; a waiting for J 77scd.] 

EX-DuRE', i. [Fr. endurcr.] 1. To last; to continue in 
the same state without perishing ; to remain ; to abide. 

_ 2. To bear ; to brook ; to sutler without resistance, or 
without yielding. 

EX-DuRJi', V. t. 1. To bear; to sustain ; to support with- 
out breaking or yielding to force or pressure. 2. To bear 
with patience ; to bear without opposition or sinking un- 
der the pressure. 3. To undergo ; to sustain. 4. To con- 
tinue in ; [not used.] 

EX^-DuR'ED, (en-durd') pp. Borne ; suffered ; sustained. 

EX-DOR'ER, 77. 1. One who bears, suffers or sustains. 2. 
He or that which continues long. 

EX-DuR'IX"G, ppr. 1. Lasting; continuing without perish- 
ing ; bearing; sustaining; supporting with patience, or 
without opposition or yielding. 2. a. Lasting long ; per- 
manent. 

END'WIiSE, adv. On the end ; erectly ; in an upright po- 
sition. 2. With the end forward. 

t EN'E-CATE, D. t. [L. eneco.] To kill. Harvey. 

E-X1l'[D, 72. [L. AEncis.] A heroic poem, written by Virgil. 

EX'E-MY, 77. [Fr. ennemi.] LA foe; an adversary. A 
private enemy is one who hates another and wishes him 
injury. A public enemy or foe is one who belongs to a 
nation or party at war with another. 2. One who hates 
or dislikes. — 3. In theology, and by way of eminence, 
the enemy is the devil ; the archfiend. — 4. In military af- 
fairs, the opposing army or naval force in war is called 
the enemy. 

EX-ER-GET'IC, \ a. [Gr. evepy-nTiKog.] 1. Operating 

EX-ER-GET'T-CAL, i with force, vigor and effect ; forci- 
ble ; powerful; efficacious. 2. Moving; working; ac- 
tive ; operative. 


* Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BlILL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Til as in this. | Obsolete. 


ENG 


ENF 


298 


EN-ER-(jrET/I-€AL-LY, adv. With force and vigor ; with 
energy and effect. 

■f EN-ER'6IC, a. Powerful in effect. Collins. 

f EN-ER'CI-€AL, a. Vigorous; active; powerful in effect. 

EN'ER-6lZE, V. i. To act with force ; to operate with 
vigor; act in producing an effect. 

EN'ER-(jIZE, V. t. To give strength or force to ; to give ac- 
tive vigor to. 

EN^ER-GfZED, pp. Invigorated. 

EN'ER-6iZ-ER, n. He or that which gives energy ; he or 
that which acts in producing an effect. 

EN'ER-GIZ-ING, ppr. Giving energy, force or vigor ; act- 
ing with force. 

EN'ER-GY, n. [Gr. fvspyrta.] 1. Internal or inherent pow- 
er ; the power of operating, whether exerted or not. 2. 
Power exerted ; vigorous operation ; force ; vigor. 3. Ef- 
fectual operation ; efficacy ; strength or force producing 
the effect. 4. Strength of expression ; force of utterance ; 
life : spirit ; emphasis. 

EN-ERV/ATE, a. Weakened ; weak ; without strength or 
force. 

* EN'ER-VATE, or ExV-ER'VATE, v. t. [L. enervo.'\ 1. 
To deprive of strength ; to weaken ; to render feeble. 2. 
To cut the nerves. 

*EN'ER-VA-TED, pp. Weakened; enfeebled; emascu- 
lated. 

^ EN'ER-VA-TING, ppr. Depriving of strength, force or 
vigor ; weakening ; enfeebling. 

EN-ER-V action, n. 1. The act of weakening, or reduc- 
ing strength. 2. The state of being weakened ; effemi- 
nacy. 

EN-ERVE', (en-erv^) v. t. To weaken ; the same as enervate. 

EN-FAMTSH, v. t. To famish. See Famish. 

EN-FEE'BLE, v. t. To deprive of strength ; to reduce the 
strength or force of ; to weaken ; to debilitate ; to enervate. 

EN-FEE'BLED, pp. Weakened; deprived of strength or 
vigor. 

EN-FEE'BLE-MENT, n. The act of weakening ; enerva- 
tion. Spectator. 

EN-FEE'BLING, ppr. Weakening ; debilitating ; enervat- 
ing. 

EN-FEL'ONED, a. Fierce ; cruel. Spenser. 

* EN-FEOFF', (en-fef) v. t. [Law L. feoffo.'] 1. To give one 
a feud ; hence, to invest with a fee ; to give to another 
any corporeal hereditament, in fee simple or fee tail, by 
livery of seizin. 2. To surrender or give up ; [not used.] 

* EN-FEOFF'ED, (en-feft') pp. Invested with the fee of 
any corporeal hereditament. 

* EN-FEOFF'ING, ppr. Giving to one the fee simple of any 
corporeal hereditament. 

* EN-FEOFF'MENT, n. 1. The act of giving the fee simple 
of an estate. 2. Tlie instrument or deed by whidi one is 
invested with the fee of an estate. 

EN-FET'TER, v. t. To fetter ; to bind in fetters. S/iak. 

EN-FkWER, V. t. To excite fever in. Seward. 

f EN-FIERCE', (en-fers^) v. t. To make fierce. Spenser. 

EN-FI-LaDE', 71. [Fr.] A line or straight passage ; or the 
situation of a place which may be seen or scoured with 
shot all the length of a line, or in tlie direction of a line. 

EN-FI-LaDE', V. t. To pierce, scour or rake with shot, in 
the direction of a line, or through the whole length of a 
line. 

EN-FI-LaD'ED, pp. Pierced or raked in a line. 

EN-FI-LaDTNG, ppr. Piercing or sweeping in a line. 

t EN-FIRE', V. t. To inflame ; to set on fire. Spenser. 

JeN-FLESIP, V. t. To harden ; to establish in any practice. 
Florio. 

EN-FoRCE', V. t. [Fr. enforcir.] 1. To give strength to; to 
strengthen ; to invigorate. 2. To make or gain by force ; 
to force. 3. To put in act by violence ; to drive. 4. To 
instigate ; to urge on ; to animate. 5. To urge with ener- 
gy ; to give force to ; to impress on the mind. 6. To 
compel ; to constrain ; to force. 7. To put in execution ; 
to cause to take effect. 8. To press with a charge. 9. 
To prove ; to evince. 

f EIV-FoRCE', V. i. To attempt by force. 

t EN-FoRCE', 7?. Force; strength; power. Milton. 

ElV-FoRCE'A-BLE, a. That may be enforced. 

EX-FoR'CED, (en-forsP) pp. Strengthened ; gained by 
force ; driven ; compelled ; urged ; carried into effect. 

EN-FdR'CED-LY, adv. By violence ; not by choice. S/iak. 

EN-FdRCE'MENT, n. 1. The act of enforcing ; compul- 
sion ; force applied. 2. That which gives force, energy 
or effect ; sanction. 3. Motive of conviction ; urgent evi- 
dence. 4. Pressing exigence ; that which urges or con- 
strains. — 5. In a general seitse, any tiling which compels 
or constrains. G. A putting in execution. 

EN-FoR'CER, n. One who compels, constrains or urges ; 
one who effects by violence ; one wlio carries into effect. 

EN-FdR'CIiVG, ppr. Giving force or strength ; compelling; 
urging ; constraining ; putting in execution. 

I^iN-FORM', V. t. To form ; to fashion. See Form. 

EN-FOUL'DERED, a. [Fr.foudroTjer.] Mixed with light- 
ning. Spenser. ^ 


EN-FRANCHISE, v. t. 1. To set free ; to liberate from 
slavery. 2. To make free of a city, corporation or state j 
to admit to the privileges of a freeman. 3. To free or re- 
lease from custody. 4. To naturalize ; to denizen ; to 
receive as denizens. 

EN-FRAN'CHiSED, pp. 1. Set free ; released from bond- 
age. 2. Admitted to the rights and privileges of freemen. 

EN-FRAN'CHlSE-MEi\T, n. 1. Release from slavery or cus- 
tody. 2. The admission of persons to the freedom of a 
corporation or state ; investiture with the privileges of free 
citizens. 

EN-FRAN'CHiS-ER, n. One who enfranchises. 

EN-FRAN'CHiS-ING, ppr. Setting free from slavery or cus- 
tody ; admitting to the privileges of free citizens. 

t EN-FRo'WARD, v. t. To make Howard or perverse. 

t EN-FRo'ZEN, a. Frozen ; congealed. Spenser. 

EN-GaGE', V. t. [Fr. engager.] 1. To make liable for a 
debt to a creditor ; to bind one’s self as surety. 2. To 
pawn ; to stake as a pledge. 3. To enlist ; to bring into a 
party. 4. To embark in an affair. 5. To gain ; to win 
and attach ; to draw to. 6. To unite and bind by con- 
tract or promise. 7. To attract and fix. 8. To occupy ; 
to employ assiduously. 9. To attack in contest ; to en- 
counter. 

EN-GaGE', V. i. 1. To encounter ; to begin to fight ; to at- 
tack in conflict. 2. To embark in any business ; to take 
a concern in ; to undertake. 3. To promise or pledge 
one’s word ; to bind one’s self. 

EN-GaG'ED, (en-gajd') pp. or a. Pledged ; promised ; en- 
listed ; gained and attached ; attracted and fixed ; em- 
barked ; earnestly employed ; zealous. 

EN-GaG'ED-LY, ado. With earnestness ; with attachment. 

EN-GaG'ED-NESS, n. The state of being seriously and 
earnestly occupied ; zeal; animation. FlinCs Massillon. 

EN-GaGE'MENT, 71. 1. The act of pawning, pledging or 
making liable for debt. 2. Obligation by agreement or 
contract. 3. Adherence to a party or cause ; partiality. 
4. Occupation ; employment of tJie cattention. 5. Em- 
ployment in fighting; the conflict of armies or fleets; 
battle ; a general action. 6. Obligation ; motive ; that 
which engages. 

EN-GaG'ER, 71. One that enters into an engagement or 


agreement. 

EN-GaG'ING, ppr. 1. Pawning; making liable for debt; 
enlisting ; bringing into a party or cause ; promising ; 
binding. 2. a. Winning ; attractive ; tending to draw 
the attention or the affections ; pleasing. 

EN-GaG'ING-LY, ado. In a manner to win the affections. 

t EN-G AI.'LANT, v. t. To make a gallant of. B. Jonson. 

t EN-GaOL', (en-iale') v. t. To imprison. Shak. 

t EN-GARTOIL,'?;. t. To diAler. 

EN-GAR'LAND, t’. t. To encircle with a garland. 

EN-GAR'RI-SON, v. t. To furnish with a garrison ; to de- 
fend or protect by a garrison. Bp. Hall. 

t EN-GAS'TRl-MUTH, n. [Gr. ev, yaarrjp and pvOog.] A 
ventriloquist. 

EN-GEN DER, V. t. [Fr. engendrer.] 1. To beget between 
the different sexes ; to form in embryo. 2. To produce ; 
to cause to exist ; to cause to bring forth. 

EN-GEN'DER, V. i. To be caused or produced. 

EN-GEN'DERED, pp. Begotten ; caused ; produced. 

EN-GEN'DER-ER, ?i. He or that which engenders. 

EN-GEN^DER-ING, jypr. Begetting ; causing to be ; pro- 
ducing. 

EN-GILD', V. t. To gild ; to brighten. Shak. 

EN'GiNE, 71. [Fr. enigin.] 1. In 7nechanics, a compound 
machine, or artificial instrument, composed of different 
parts, and intended to produce some effect by tlie help of 
the mechanical powers ; as a pump, a wind las, a capstan, 
a fire engine, a steam engine. 2. A military machine ; 
as a battering ram, &c. 3. Any instrument; that by 

which any effect is produced. 4. A machine for throwing 
water to extinguish fire. 5. Means ; any thing used to 
effect a purpose. G. An agent for another ; xisualUj in an 
ill sentse. 

EN-Gl-NEER', ?i. [Fr. ingenie7ir.] 1. In the 7nilitar7j art, a 
person skilled in mathematics and mechanics, who forms 
plans of works for offense or defense, and marks out the 
ground for fortifications. — Civil engineers are also em- 
ployed in delineating plans and superintending the con- 
struction of other public works, as aqueducts and canals. 
2. One who manages engines or artillery. 

EN'GL\E-RY, (en'jin-ry) 7i. 1. Tlie act of managing en- 
gines or artillery. 2. Engines in general ; artillery ; in- 
struments of war. 3. Machination. 

EN-GtRD', V. t. To surround ; to encircle ; to encompass. 

EN-GtRD'ED, or EN-GiRT', pp. Surrounded ; encompassed. 

EN^-GtRD'ING, ppr. Encircling; surrounding. 

EN-GLAD', V. t. To make glad ; to cause to rejoice. 

t EN-GLaIM'ED, (en-glamd') a. Furred ; clammy. 

ENG'TjAND. See English. 

EN'GIiE, n. A gull ; a put ; a bubble. 

EN'GLISH, (ing'glish) a. [Sax. F.7xglisc, from Engles, 
Angles, a tribe of Germans who settled in Britain, and 


* See Sxjnopsis. A, E, I, f), C, Y, long. — FaR, FALL, WHAT ; — PR^Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


ENH 299 ENL 


gave it the name of England.'\ Belonging to England, or 
to its inhabitants. 

EN'GLISH, (ing'glish) 1. The people of England. 2. The 
language of England or of the English nation. 

EN'GLISIT, V. t. To translate into the English language. 
EN'GLISIIED, pp. Rendered into English. 

EN'GLISH-RY, n. The state of being an Englishman. 
EN-GLUT^, V. t. [Fr. engloutir.^ 1. To swallow. Shak. 
2. I’o till to glut. Spenser. 

EN-GoRE', V. t. To pierce j to gore. [See Gore.] Spenser. 
EN-GORGE', (en-gorj') v.t. [Fr. engorger.] To swallow; 
to devour ; to gorge ; properly, to swallow with greedi- 
ness. or in large quantities. 

EN-GORGE', (en-gorjO v.i. To devour ; to feed with eager- 
ness or voracity. Milton. 

EN-GORG'ED, (en-gorjd') pp. Swallowed with greediness, 
or in large draughts. 

EN-GORGE'MENT, (en-gorjhnent) n. The act of swallow- 
ing greedily ; a devouring with voracity. 

EN-GORG'ING, ppr. Swallowing with voracity. 
EN-GR.\FT^, V. t. To ingraft, which see. 

EN-GRaIL', V. t. [Fr. engrHer.'] In heraldry, to variegate ; 
to spot, as with hail ; to indent or make ragged at the 
edges ; to indent in curve lines. 

EN GR'.^IL'ED, (en-graild') pp. Variegated ; spotted. 
EN-GRaIN', V. t. To dye in grain, or in the raw material ; 
to dye deep. 

EN-GRaIN'ED, (en-graind') pp. Dyed in the grain. 
EN-GRaINTNG, ppr. Dyeing in the grain. 

EN-GRAP'PLE, V. t. To grapple ; to seize and hold ; to 
close in and hold ftist. 

EN-GRaSP^, V. t. To seize with a clasping hold ; to hold 
fast by inclosing or embracing ; to gripe. 

EN-GRaVE', t. ; piet. enfrravcd i pp. engraved or en- 
graven. [Fr. graver.~\ 1. To cut, as metals, stones or 
other hard substances, with a chisel or graver ; to cut 
figures, letters or devices, on stone or metal ; to mark by 
incisions. 2. To picture or represent by incisions. 3. 
To imprint; to impress deeply ; to infix. 4. To bury; to 
deposit in the grave ; to inter ; to inhume ; [065 .] 
EN-GRaV'ED, or EN-GRaV'EN, pp. Cut or marked, as 
with a chisel or graver ; imprinted ; deeply impressed. 
EN-GRaVE'MENT, n. Engraved work ; act of engraving. 
EN-GRaV'ER, n. One who engraves ; a cutter of letters, 
figures or devices, on stone, metal or wood ; a sculptor ; 
a carver. 

EN-GRaV'ER-Y, 71. The work of an engraver. [Little used.] 
EN-GRaVTNG, ppr. Cutting or marking stones or metals, 
with a chisel or graver ; imprinting. 

EN-GRaV'IJVG, 71. The act or art of cutting stones, metals 
and other hard substances, and representing thereon 
figures, letters, characters and devices ; a branch of 
sculpture ; a print. 

EN-GRI_kVE', V. t. To grieve ; to pain. See Grieve. 
EN-GRoSS', V. t. [Fr. eno'7*ossir.] 1. Primarily, to make 
thick or gross ; to thicken ; [not used.] 2. To make 
larger ; to increase in bulk ; [_not used.] 3. To seize in 
the gross ; to take the whole. 4. To purchase, with a 
view to sell again, either the whole or large quantities of 
commodities in market, for the purpose of making a profit 
by enhancing the price. 5. To copy in a large hand ; to 
write a fair, correct copy, in large or distinct, legible 
characters. 6. To take or assume in undue quantities or 
degrees. 

EN-GRoSS'ED, (en-grost') pp. Made thick ; taken in the 
whole; purchased in large quantities for sale; written in 
/y large, fair characters. 

EN-GRoSS'ER, n. He or that which takes the whole; a 
person who purchases the whole or such quantities of ar- 
ticles in a market as to raise the price. 2. One who 
copies a writing in large, fair character's. 

EN-GRoSS'ING, ppr. 1. Taking the whole ; buying com- 
modities in such quantities as to raise the price in market. 
2. VVnting correct copies in large, fair characters. 
EN-GRoSS'M£NT, 71. 1. The act of engrossing ; the act of 
taking the whole. 2. The appropriation of things in the 
gross, or in exorbitant quantities ; exorbitant acquisition. 
EN-GUXRD', V. t. To guard ; to defend. Shak. 

EJN-GULF', V. t. To throw or to absorb in a gulf. 
EN-GULF'ED, (en-gulft') pp. Absorbed in a whirlpool, or 
in a deep abyss or gulf. 

EX-GULF'MENT, 71. An absorption tn a gulf, or deep cav- 
ern, or vortex. 

EN-HANCE^, (en-hans') v. t. [Norm. C7iha7mcer.] 1. To 
raise ; to lift ; [0/75.] 2. To raise ; to advance ; to height- 
en. 3. To increase ; to aggravate. 

EN-HANCF/, i. To be rjiised ; to swell ; to grow larger. 
EN-IIaN'CED, (en-ha.nsft) pp. Raised ; advanced ; height- 
ened ; increased. 

EN-HANCE'MENT, 71. 1. Rise ; increase ; augmentation. 
2. Increase ; aggravation. 

EN-IIAN^CER, n. One wiio enhances; he or that which 
raises price, &c. 


EN-HAN'CING, ppr. Raising ; increasing ; augmenting ; 
aggravating. 

EN-HAR'BOR, v. i. To dwell in or inhabit. Browne. 
EN-HARD'EN, V. t. To harden ; to encourage. Howell. 
EN-HAR-MOJNftO, a. In 7nusic, an epithet applied to such a 
species of composition, as proceeds on very small intervals. 
E-NIG'MA, 71. [L. cenigma.] A dark saying, in which some 
known thing is concealed under obscure language ; an 
obscure question ; a riddle. JoJmso7i. Encyc. 
EN-IG-MAT'IG, 1 a. 1. Relating to or containing a rid- 
EN-IG-MAT'I-OAL, | die ; obscure ; darkly expressed ; 

ambiguous. 2. Obscurely conceivea or apprehended. 
EN-IG-MAT'I-€AL-LY, adv. In an obscure manner. 
E-NIGOIA-TIST, 71 . A maker or dealer in enigmas and 
riddles. Addison. 

E-NIG'MA-TIZE, v. i. To utter or form enigmas ; to deal 
in riddles. 

E-NIG-MA-TOG'RA-PHY, \ n. [Gr. aiviypa and ypa(po), 
E-NIG-MA-TOL'O-GY, ] or Aoyo?.] The art of making 
and solving riddles. 

EN-JOIN/, V. t. [Fr. enjoindre.] 1. To order or direct with 
urgency ; to admonish or instruct with authority ; to com- 
mand. Says Johnson, “This word is more authoritative 
than direct, and less imperious than command.'’^ — 2. In 
laio, to forbid judicially ; to issue or direct a legal injunc- 
tion to stop proceedings. 

EN-JOIN'ED, (en-joind') pp. Ordered; directed; admon- 
ished with authority ; commanded. 

EN-JOTN'ER, 71. One who enjoins. 

EN-JOiN'ING, ppr. Ordering ; directing. Brown. 
EN-JOIN'MENT, 71 . Direction ; command ; authoritative 
admonition. 

EN-JOY^, V. t. [Fr. jouir.] 1. To feel or perceive with 
pleasure ; to take pleasure or satisfaction in the possession 
or experience of. 2. To possess with satisfaction ; to take 
p.leasure or delight in the possession of. 3. To have, pos- 
sess and use with satisfaction ; to have, hold or occupy, 
as a good or profitable thing, or as something desirable. 
EN-JOY', V. t. To live in happiness. [Unusual.] Milton. 
EN-JOY'A-BLE, a. Capable of being enjoyed. Pope. 
EN-JOY'ED, (en-joydO pp. Perceived with pleasure or sat- 
isfaction ; possessed or used with pleasure ; occupied with 
content. 

EN-JOY'ER, n. One who enjoys. 

EN-JOY'ING, ppr. Feeling with pleasure ; possessing with 
satisfaction. 

EN-JOY'MENT, n. 1. Pleasure ; satisfaction ; agreeable 
sensations ; fruition. 2. Possession with satisfaction ; 
occupancy of anything good or desirable. 

EN-KIN'DLE, v.t. 1. To kindle ; to set on fire ; to inflame. 

2. To excite ; to rouse into action ; to inflame. 
EN-KIN'DLED, pp. Set on fire ; inflamed ; roused into ac- 
tion ; excited. 

EN-KIN'DLING, ppr. Setting on fire ; inflaming; rousing; 
exciting. 

EN-LARD', V. t. To cover with lard or grease ; to baste. 
EN-LARGE', (en-larj') v. t. 1. To make greater in quantity 
or dimensions ; to extend in limits, breadth or size ; to 
expand in bulk. 2. To dilate ; to expand ; as with joy or 
love. 3. To expand ; to make more comprehensive. 4. 
To increase in appearance ; to magnif}' to the eye. 5. 
To set at liberty ; to release from confinement or pressure. 
6. To extend in a discourse ; to diffuse in eloquence. 7. 
To augment ; to increase ; to make large or larger. 
EN-LARGE^, (en-larj') v. i. 1. To grow large or larger ; to 
extend ; to dilate ; to expand. 2. To be diffuse in speak- 
ing or writing ; to expatiate. 3. To exaggerate. 
EN-LARG'ED, (en-larjd') pp. Increased in bulk ; extended 
in dimensions ; expanded ; dilated ; augmented ; released 
from confinement or straits. 

EN-LARG'ED-LY, adv. With enlargement. Moxintagu. 
EN-LARGE'MENT, 71. 1. Increase of size or bulk, real or 
apparent ; extension of dimensions or limits ; augmenta- 
tion ; dilatation ; expansion. 2. Expansion or extension, 
applied to the mind, to knowledge, or to the mtellectual 
poxoers, by 7chich the mind comprehends a wider ra7ige of 
ideas or thoxight. 3. Expansion of the heart, by which it 
becomes more benevolent and charitable. 4. Release from 
confinement, servitude, distress or straits. Esther, iv. 5. 
Diftiisiveness of speech or writing ; an expatiating on a 
particular subject ; a wide range of discourse or argument. 
EN-LARG'ER, 71. He or tliat which enlarges, increases, 
extends or expands ; an amplifier. 

EN-LARG'ING, ppr. Increasing in bulk ; extending in di- 
mensions ; expanding ; making free or liberal ; speaking 
diffusively. 

EN-LARG'TNG, 77. Enlargement. 

EN-LIGHT', (en-llte') v.t. To illuminate; to enlighten. 
[Rarely 775ff/.] Pope. 

EN-LiGHT'EN, (en-lltn) v. t. [Sax. enlihtan.] 1. To make 
light ; to shed light on ; to supply with light ; to illumin- 
ate. 2. To quicken in the faculty of vision ; to enable to 
see more clearly. 3. To give light to ; to give clearer 
views ; to illuminate ; to instruct ; to enable to see or 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BT jLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


ENO 


300 


ENS 




comprehend truth. 4. To illuminate with divine knowl- 
edge, or a knowledge of the truth. 

EN-LTGHT'ENED, yp. Rendered light; illuminated; in- 
structed ; informed ; furnished with clear views. 

EN-LIGHT'EN-ER, n. One who illuminates ; he or that 
which commur.icates light to the eye, or clear views to 
the riind. 

EN-LIGHT'EN-ING, ppr. Illuminating; giving light to; 
instructing. 

EN-LINK', V, t. To chain to ; to connect. Shak. 

EN-LIST', V. t. 1. To enroll ; to register ; to enter a name 
on a list. 2. To engage in public service, by entering the 
name in a register. 

EN-LIST', V. i. To engage in public service, by subscribing 
articles, or enrolling one’s name. 

EN-LIST'MENT, n. The act of enlisting ; the writing by 
which a soldier is bound. 

I EN-LIVE', V. t. [from life, live.] To animate ; to make 
alive. Bp. Hall. 

ExV-LPVEN, (en-ll'vn) v. t. 1. To give action or motion 
to ; to make vigorous or active ; to excite. 2. To give 
spirit or vivacity to ; to animate ; to make sprightly. 3. 
To make cheerful, gay or joyous. 

EX-Ll'VENED, pp. Made more active ; excited ; animated ; 
made cheerful or gay. 

EN-Ll/VEN-ER, n. He or that which enlivens or animates ; 
he or that which invigorates. 

EN-LT'VEN-ING, ppr. Giving life, spirit or animation ; in- 
spiriting ; invigorating ; making vivacious, sprightly or 
cheerful. 

EN-Lu'MiNE, V. t. To illumine ; to enlighten. 

EN-MaR'BLE, V. t. To make hard as marble ; to harden. 

EN-MESH', V. t. To net ; to entangle ; to entrap. Shak. 

EN-MEW'. See Emmew. 

EN'MI-TY, 71. [Fr. inimitie.] 1 The quality of being an 
enemy ; the opposite of friendship ; ill will ; hatred ; un- 
friendly dispositions ; malevolence. It expresses more 
than aversion, and less than malice, and differs from dis- 
pleasure in denoting a fixed or rooted hatred, whereas 
displeasure is more transient. 2. A state of opposition. 

t E\-MC')VE'. See Emmove. 

EN-NE-A-€ON-TA-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. evvev7]Kovra- and 
e^pa.] Having ninety faces. Cleaveland. 

EX'NE-A-GON, n. [Gr. evvea and ywvta.] In geometry, a 
polygon or figure with nine sides or nine angles. 

EN-NE-AN'DER, n. [Gr. evvea and avyo.] In botany, a 
plant having nine stamens. 

Ej\-NE-AN'DRI-AN, a. Having nine stamens. 

EN-NE-A-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. evvea and -neraXov.] Hav- 
ing nine petals or flower-leaves. 

EN-NE-AT'I-€AL, a. [Gr. evvea.] Enntatical days are 
every ninth day of a disease. — Enneatical years are every 
ninth year of a man’s life. 

fEN-NEW', v. t. To make new. Skelton. 

EN-No'BLE, V. t. [Fr. ennoblir.] 1. To make noble ; to 
raise to nobility. 2. To dignify ; to exalt ; to aggrandize ; 
to elevate in degree, qualities or excellence. 3. To make 
famous or illustrious. Bacon. 

EX-N6'BLED, pp. Raised to the rank of nobility ; dignifi- 
ed ; exalted in rank, excellence or value. 

EN-NO'BLE-MENT, n. 1. The act of advancing to nobil- 
ity. 2. Exaltation ; elevation in degree or excellence. 

EN-No'BLING, ppr. Advancing to the rank of a nobleman ; 
exalting ; dignifying. 

EiVNUl, (an-wee') 7t. [Fr.] Weariness ; heaviness ; lassi- 
tude of fastidiousness. 

EX-O-Da'TION, 77. {Lt. enodatio.] 1. The act of clearing of 
knots, or of untying. 2. Solution of a difficulty ; [1. 77.] 

E-NoDE', a. [h. enodis.] In iotatiy, destitute of knots or 
joints ; kuotless. 

E-X0M'0-TAR€H, n. The commander of an enomoty. 

E-NOM'O-TY, 77. [Gr. evvopoTia.] In Lacedcemon, anciently, 
a body of soldiers, supposed to be thirty-two. Mitford. 

t E-NORM'. See Enormous. 

E-NOR'MI-TY, 71. [L. enormitas.] 1. Any wrong, irregu- 
lar, vicious or sinful act, either in government or morals. 
2. Atrocious crime ; flagitious villany. 3. Atrociousness ; 
excessive degree of crime or guilt. 

E-NOR'MOUS, a. [L. enor????.?.] 1. Going beyond the usual 
measure or rule. 2. Excursive ; beyond the limits of a 
regular figure. 3. Great beyond the common measure ; 
excessive. 4. Exceeding, in bulk or height, the common 
measure. .5. Irregular ; confused ; disordered ; unusual. 

E-NOR'iMOUS-LY, adv. Excessively ; beyond measure. 

J'j-NOR'MOUS-NESS, n. The state of being enormous or 
excessive ; greatness beyond measure. 

E NOUGH', (e-nuf) a. [Sax. genog, genoh.] That satisfies 
desire, or gives content; that may answer the purpose ; 
that is adequate to the wants. 

E-NOL'GH', (e-nuP) n. 1. A sufficiency ; a quantity of a 
thins which satisfies desire, or is adequate to the wants. 
2. That which is equal to the powers or abilities. 

E-NOUGH', (e-nuf) ado. 1. Sufficiently ; in a quantity or 


degree that satisfies, or is equal to the desires or wants. 
2. Fully ; quite ; denoting a slight augmentation of the 
positive degree. 3. Sometimes it denotes diminution, 
delicately expressing rather less than is desired ; such a 
quantity or degree as commands acquiescence, rather 
than full satisfaction. 4. An exclamation denoting suffi- 
ciency. 

E-NOUNCE', (e-nouns') v.t. [Fr. cnoncer.] To utter; to 
pronounce ; to declare. [Little used.] 

E-NOUN'CED, (e-nounst') pp. Uttered ; pronounced. 
ENOUN'CING, pp?*. Uttering ; pronouncing. 

E-NOW', the old plural of enough, is nearly obsolete. 

EN PAS-SANT'. (in-pis-sa') [Fr-] In passing ; by the 
way. 

EN-PIERCE'. See Empierce. 
t EN-Q,UI€K'EN, v. t. To quicken ; to make alive 
EN-Q.UIRE', usually written inquire, which see, and its de- 
rivatives. 

t EN-RaCE', V. t. To implant. Spenser. 

EN-RaGE', V. t. [Fr. eTiT-a^e?*.] To excite rage in ; to ex- 
asperate ; to provoke to fury or madness ; to make furious. 
EN-Ra'GED, (en-rajd') pp. Made furious ; exasperated ; 
provoked to madness. 

EN-Ra'GING, ppr. Exasperating; provoking to madness, 
t EN-RaNGE', V. t. To put in order ; to rove over. Spenser. 
EN-RANK', V. t. To place in ranks or order. Shak. 
EN-RAPT'URE, v. t. To transport with pleasure; to de- 
light beyond measure. — Enrapt, in a like sense, is little 
used. 

EN-RAPT'URED, pp. Transported with pleasure. 
EN-RAPT'UR-ING, ppr. Transporting with pleasure. 
EN-RAV'ISH, V. t. To throw into ecstasy ; to transport 
with delight; to enrapture. Spenser. 

EN-RAV'JtSHED, pp. Transported with delight. 
EN-RAV'ISH-ING, ppr. Throwing into ecstasy. 
EN-RAV'ISH-MEN'l’, n. Ecstasy of delight ; rapture. 
EN-REG'IS-TER, V. t. [Fr. enregistrer.] To register; to 
enroll or record. Spenser. 

EN-RHEuM', 77. i. [Fr. enrhumer.] To have rheum through 
cold. 

EN-RICH', 77. t. [Fr. eyirichir.] 1. To make rich, wealthy 
or opulent ; to supply with abundant property. 2. To 
fertilize ; to supply with the nutriment of plants, and ren- 
der productive. 3. To store ; to supply with an abun- 
dance of any thing desirable. 4. To supply with any 
thing splendid or ornamental. 

EN-RICH'ED, (en-richt') pp. Made rich or wealthy ; fertil- 
ized ; supplied with that which is desirable, useful or or- 
namental. 

EN-RICH'ER, 77. One that enriches. 

EN-RICH'ING, ppr. Making opulent ; fertilizing ; supply- 
ing with what is splendid, useful or ornamental. 
EN-RICH'MENT, n. Augmentation of wealth ; amplifi- 
cation ; improvement ; the addition of fertility or orna- 
ment. 

EN-RIDGE', (en-rij') 77 . t. To form into ridges. Shak. 
EN-RING', r. t. To encircle ; to bind. Shak. 

EN-Ri'PEN, (en-ri'pn) v. t. To ripen; to bring to perfec- 
tion. 

EN-RTVE', 77. t. To rive ; to cleave. Spenser. 

EN-RoBE', 77. t. To clothe with rich attire ; to invest. 
EN-RoB'ED, (en-robd') pp. Attired ; invested. 
EN-RoB'ING, ppr. Investing ; attiring. 

EN-ROLL', V. t. [Fr. enroler.] 1. To write in a roll or 
register ; to insert a name or enter in a list or catalogue. 

2. To record ; to insert in records ; to leave in writing. 

3. To wrap ; to involve ; [not used.] 

EN-RoUL'ED, (en-rold') pp. Inserted in a roll or register j 

recorded. 

EN-RoLL'ER, n. He that enrolls or registers. 
EN-RoLL'ING, ppr. Inserting in a register ; recording. 
EN-RoLL'MENT, 77. 1. A register ; a record ; a writing in 
which any thing is recorded. 2. The act enrolling. 
EN-ROOT', 77. t. To fix by the root ; to fix fast. 
EN-RGOT'ED, pp. Fixed by the root; planted or fixed 
deep. 

EN-ROOT'TNG, ppr. Fixing by the root ; planting deep, 
t EN-ROUND', 77. t. To environ ; to surround ; to inclose. 
ENS, 77. [L. ens.] Entity ; being ; existence. — Among the 
old chemists, the power, virtue or efficacy, which certain 
substances exert on our bodies. [Little used.] 
fEN-SAFE', 77. t. 7’o render safe. TV. Bell. 

EN-SAM'PLE, 77. CU. exemplum.] An example ; a pattern 
or model for imitation. [Rarely used.] 

EN-SAM'PLE, v.t. To exemplify; to show by example. 
[Seldom used.J 

EN-SAN'GUirviE, v. t. [L. sanguis.] To stain or cover with 
blood ; to smear with gore. 

EN-SAN'GUlNED, pp. Suffused or stained with blood. 
EN'SATE, a. [L. C77s^LJ Having sword-shaped leaves. 
EN-S0HED'ULE, 77. t. To insert in a schedule. See Sched- 
LT’LE. Shak. 

EN-SUONCE', (en-skons') 77 . t. To rover or shelter, as with 
a sconce or fort ; to protect ; to secure. 


See Synopsis. A, E, T, 0, U, Y, /o/io^.^FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete. 


ENT 


301 


ENT 


EN-S€ON^CED, (en-skonst') pp. Covered or sheltered, as 
by a sconce or fort ; protected 3 secured. 

EN-S€ON'CtNC, ppr. Covering or sheltering, as by a fort. 

EN-SicAL', V. t. To seal ; to fix a seal on ; to impress. 

EN-i^icAL'ED, (en-seeld') pp. Impressed W'tli a seal. 

EN-Sf.AL'IXG, ppr. Sealing; affixing a seal to. 

EX-Sr:AL'lNG, n. The act of affixing a seal to. 

EN-SkAM', V. t. To sew up ; to inclose by a seam. 

EN-SeAM'ED, a. Greasy. Sliak. 

EN-SeAR', V. t. To sear; to cauterize ; to close or stop by 
burning to hardness. Shak. 

t EX-SEA RC 11', (en-serch') v. i. To search for ; to try to find. 

EX-SE>RBLE, 71. [Fr.J One with another; on an average. 

EX-SHIeLD', V. t. To shield ; to cover ; to protect. 

EX-SHRIXE', V. t. To inclose in a shrine or chest; to de- 
posit for safe-keeping in a cabinet. 

EX-SHRiX'ED, (en-shrlnd') pp. 1. Inclosed or preserved 
in a shrine or chest. 2. Inclosed ; placed as in a shrine, 

EX-SHRIX^^IXG, ppr. Inclosing in a shrine or cabinet. 

EX-SIF'ER-0US2, a. [L. ensis and fero.] Bearing or carry- 
ing a sword. 

EX'SI-FORM, a. [L. ensiformis.] Having the shape of a 
swq^rd. 

EN'SiGX, (en'sTne) n. [Fr. enscignc.] 1. The flag or ban- 
ner of a military band ; a banner of colors; a standard. 
2. Any signal to assemble or to give notice. 3. A badge; 
a mark of distinction, rank or office. 4. The officer who 
carries the flag or colors, being the lowest commissioned 
officer in a company of infantry. — 5. J\Taval enaign is a 
large banner hoisted on a stalT, and carried over the poop 
or sj;ern of a ship. 

EN'SiGX-BEaR-ER, n. lie that carries the flag ; an en- 
sign. 

EX'riIGN-CY, 71. The rank, office or commission of an en- 
sign. 

fEX-SKI'ED, (en-skide') a. Placed in heaven ; made im- 
mortal. 

EX-SLaVE', V. t. 1. To reduce to slavery or bondage ; to 
deprive of liberty, and subject to the will of a master. 2. 
To reduce to servitude or subjection. 

EX-SLaV'ED, (en-slavd') pp. Reduced to slavery or sub- 
jection. 

EX-SLaVE'MEXT, V. The state of being enslaved ; slave- 
ry ; bondage ; servitude. South. 

EX-SLaV'ER, n. He who reduces another to bondage. 

EN-SLAV'IXG, ppr. Reducing to bondage. 

EX-SXaRE'. See Insnare. 

EX-SNARL', V. t. To entangle. Spenser. 

EX-SXARL', V. i. To snarl, to gnash the teeth. Cockeram. 

EX-So'BER, V. t. To make sober. Taylor. 

EN-SPHeRE', V. t. 1. To place in a sphere. 2. To make 
into a sphere. 

EX-STAMP', V. t. To impress as with a stamp ; to impress 
deeply. 

EX^-STAMP'ED, (en-stampt') pp. Impressed deeply. 

EX^-STAMP'IX^G, ;;pr. Impressing deeply. 

EX^-STYLE', V. t. To style ; to name ; to call. [Littleused.] 

EX-SuE', V. t. [Fr. oisuivre.] To follow; to pursue. [JSTear- 
lij obs.] 

Ei'^-SuE', V. i. 1. To follow as a consequence of premises. 
2. To follow in a train of events or course of time ; to 
succeed ; to come after. 

EX-Sfi'IXG, ppr. Following as a consequence ; succeeding. 

EX-SuRE', and its derivatives. See Insure. 

EX-SWEEP', V. t. To sweep over ; to pass over rapidly. 

EX-TAB' LA-TURE, ) n. [Sp. entablamento j Fr. entable- 

EX-Ta'BLE-MENT, ^ meat.] In architecture^ that part 
of the order of a column, which is over the capital, includ- 
ing the architrave, frieze and cornice. 

f EX-TA€ KLE, V. t. To supply with tackle. Skelton. 

EX-TaIL', 71. [Fr. entailler.] 1. An estate or fee entail- 
ed, or limited in descent to a particular heir or heirs. 2. 
Rule of descent settled for an estate. 3. Engraver’s 
work ; inlay ; [0&5.] 

EX-TaIL', V. t. 1. To settle the descent of lands and tene- 
ments, by gift to a man and to certain heirs specified, so 
that neither the donee nor any subsequent possessor can 
alienate or bequeath it. 2. To fix unalienably on a per- 
son or thing, or on a person and his descendants. 3. To 
cut ; to carve for ornament ; [065.] 

EX-TaIL'ED, (en-tMd') pp. 1. Settled on a man and cer- 
tain heirs specified. 2. Settled on a person and his de- 
scendants. 

EN-TAIL'IXG, ppr. Settling the descent of an estate ; giv- 
ing, as lands and tenements, and prescribing the mode of 
descent. 

EX-TAIL'MENT, n. 1. The act of giving, as an estate, and 
directing the mode of descent. 2. The act of settling un- 
alienably on a man and his heirs. 

EX-TAME', 7?. t. To tame; to subdue. Gower. 

EX-TAX'GLE, ??. t. 1. To twist or interweave in such a 
manner as not to be easily separated ; to make confused 
or disordered. 2. To involve in any thing complicated, 
and from which it is difficult to extricate one’s self. 3. 


To lose in numerous or complicated involutions. 4. To 
involve in difficulties ; to perplex ; to embarrass. 5. To 
puzzle ; to bewilder. 6. To insnare by captious ques- 
tions ; to catch ; to perplex. 7. To perplex or distract, as 
with cares. 8. To multiply intricacies and difficulties. 

EX-TAX'GLED, pp. or a. Twisted together ; interwoven 
in a confused manner; intricate; perplexed; involved; 
embarrassed; insnared. 

EX TAX'GLE-MENT, n. Involuticn; a confused or disor- 
dered state ; intricacy ; perplexity. Locke. 

EX-TAN'GLER, n. One who entangles. 

EX-TAN'GLtXG, ppr. Involving; interweaving or inter- 
locking in confusion ; perplexing ; insnaring. 

EN-3'EX'DER, v. t. To treat with tenderness. 

EX'TER, V. t. [Fr. eutrcr.l \. To move or pass into a 
place, in any manner wffatever; to come or go in; to 
walk or ride in ; to flow in ; to pirrce or penetrate. 2. 
To advance into, in the progress of life. 3. To begin in 
a business, employment or service; to enlist or engage 
in. 4. 'I’o become a member of. 5. To admit or intro- 
duce. 6. To set down in writing ; to set an account in a 
book or register. 7. To set down, as a name ; to enroll. 
8. To lodge a manifest of goods at the custom-house, and 
gain admittance or permission to land. 

EX'TER, y. i. 1. To go or come in ; to pass into. 2. To 
flow in. 3. To pierce ; to penetrate. 4. To penetrate 
mentally. 5. To engage in. 6. I’e be initiated in. 7. 
To be an ingredient ; to form a constituent part. 

t EN'TER-DEAL, n. IMutual dealings. Spenstr. 

EX'TERED, pp. Moved in ; come in ; pierced ; penetrat- 
ed ; admitted ; introduced ; set down in writing. 

EX''l'ER-ER, 77. One who is making a beginning. Seward. 

EX'TER-IXG, ppr. Coming or going in ; flowing in ; pierc- 
ing ; penetrating; setting down m writing; enlisJng ; en- 
gJiging- 

EX'TER-IXG, 71. Entrance; a passing in. 

EN'TER-LACE. See Interlace. 

EN-TERIQ-CkLE, n. [Gr. rvrepov and 7 ct;X 77.] \n surgery, 
intestinal hernia; a rupture of the intestines. 

EN-TER-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. evreoov and Af7yof.] A trea- 
tise or discourse on the bowels ' or internal parts of the 
body, usually including the contents of the head, breast 
and belly. 

EX-TER-OM'PHA-LOS, 72 . [Gr. evrepov and o/r^aAo?.] Na- 
vel rupture ; umbilical rupture. 

EN-TER-PAR'LANCE, 77. [¥x. entre nwA parlcr.'] Parley; 
mutual talk or conversation ; conference. 

EX'TER-PLkAD. See Interplead. 

EX^'TER-PRISE, n. [Fr.] That which is undertaken, or 
attempted to be performed; an attempt; a project at- 
tempted ; particularly , a bold, arduous or hazardous un- 
dertiking, either physical or moral. 

EX TER-PRiSE, 77. t. To undertake; to begin and attempt 
to perform. Dryden. 

EN'TER-PRISED, pp. Undertaken; attempted. 

EX'TER-PRl.'§-ER, n. An adventurer; one who under- 
takes any projected scheme, especially a bold or hazard- 
ous one. 

EX^'TER-PRT.S-IXG, ppr. I. Undertaking, especially a bold 
design. 2. a. Bold or forward to undertake ; resolute, ac- 
tive or prompt to attempt great or untried schemes. 

EN-TER-TAIX', v. t. [Fr. oitrete/iir.] 1. To receive into 
the house, and treat with hospitality, either at the table 
only, or with lodging also. 2. To treat with conversa- 
tion ; to amuse or instruct by discourse ; properly, to en- 
gage the attention and retain the company of one, by 
agreeable conversation, discourse or argument. 3. To 
keep in one’s service ; to maintain. 4. I’o keep, hold or 
maintain in the mind with favor ; to reserve in the mind ; 
to harbor ; to cherish. 5. To maintain ; to support ; as, to 
entertain a hospital ; [(26s.] 6. To please ; to amuse ; to 

divert. 7. To treat ; to supply with provisioiis and li- 
quors, or with provisions and lodging, for reward. 

t EX-TER-7’AU>jf^ Entertainment. Spenser. 

EX^-TER-TaIN'ED, (en-ter-tblnd') pp. Received with hos- 
pitality ; amused ; pleased and engaged ; kept in the 
mind. 

EN-TER-TAIX'ER, n. 1. He who entertains ; he who re- 
ceives company with hospitality, or for reward. 2. He 
who retains others in his service. 3. He that amuses, 
pleases or diverts. 

EX-TER TAIN'IXG, ppr. I. Receiving with hospitality ; 
receiving and treating with provisions and accommoda- 
tions, for reward ; keeping or cherishing with favor; en- 
gaging the attention; amusing. 2. a. Pleasing; amus- 
ing; diverting. 

EX-TER-TAIX^'IXG-LY, adv. In an amusing manner. 

EX^-TER-T AIN'MEXT, 77. 1 . The receiving and accommo- 
dating of guests, either with or without reward. 2. Pro- 
visions of the table ; hence also, a feast ; a superb dinner 
or supper. 3. The amusement, pleasure or instruction, 
derived from conversation, discourse, argument, oiatory, 
music, dramatic performances, &c.; the pleasure which 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE ; — BIJLL, UNITE. — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, | ObsoleU% 


ENT 


302 


ENT 


the mind receives from any thing interesting, and which 
holds or arrests the attention. 4 . Reception ; admission. 
5. The state of being in pay or service j [065.] 6 . Pay- 
ment of those retained in service ; [065.] 7 . That which 
entertains ; that which serves for amusement 3 the lower 
comedy ; farce. 

EN-TER-TIS'SUED, a. Interwoven j having various col- 
ors intermixed. Shak. 

EN-THE-AS'TIC, a. [Gr. ev and Oeog,] Having the energy 
of God. 

EN-THE-AS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. According to deific en- 
ergy. 

)-EN‘THEAT, a. [Gr. cv 0 £o$.] Enthusiastic. 

EN-THRALL', v. t. To enslave. See Inthrall. 

EN-THRILL', v, t. To pierce. See Thrill. 

EN-THRoNE', v. t. 1 . To place on a throne ; to exalt to 
the seat of royalty. 2 . To exalt to an elevated place or 
seat. 3 . To invest with sovereign authority. 

EN-TIIRoN'ED, (en-thrond') pp. Seated on a throne j ex- 
alted to an elevated place. 

EN-THRoN'lNG, ppr. Seatirg on a throne ; raising to an 
S0St 

EN-THUN'DER, v. i. To make a loud noise, like thunder. 

EN-THu'SI-ASM, (en-thu'ze-azm) n. [Gr. evOovaiaapog.^ 
1 . A belief or conceit of private revelation ; the vain con- 
fidence or opinion of a person, that he has special divine 
communications from the Supreme Being, or familiar in- 
tercourse with him. 2 . Heat of imagination ; violent 
passion or excitement of the mind, in pursuit of some ob- 
ject, inspiring extravagant hope and confidence of suc- 
cess. 

EN-THu'SI-AST, (en-thu'ze-ast) ?i. [Gr. evdovciaares.] 1 . 
One who imagines he has special or supernatural con- 
verse with God, or special communications from him. 2 . 
One whose imagination is warmed j one whose mind is 
highly excited with the love, or in the pursuit of an object 5 
a person of ardent zeal. 3 . One of elevated fancy or exalt- 
ed ideas. Dryden. 

t EN-TIIU-SI-AS'TIG, n. An enthusiast. Sir T. Herbert. 

EN-THU-S 1 -AS'TI€, ) a. 1 . Filled with enthusiasm, 

EN-THU-SI-AS'TI-GAL, \ or the conceit of special inter- 
course with God or revelations from him. 2 . Highly ex- 
cited ; warm and ardent j zealous in pursuit of an ob- 
ject ; heated to animation. 3 . Elevated 3 warm 3 tinc- 
tured with enthusiasm. 

EN-THU-S[-AS'Ti-€AL-LY, adv. With enthusiasm. 

EN-THY-MF -MAT'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to an enthymeme 3 
including an enthymeme. 

EN'THY-MEME, 71 . \Gr. tvBvprjpa.l In rhetoric^ an argu- 
ment consisting of only two propositions, an antecedent 
and a consequent deduced from it. 

EN-TICE', V. t. [Sp. atizar ; Fr. attiser.] 1 . To incite or 
instigate, by exciting hope or desire 3 to seduce 5 to lead 
astray 3 to induce to sin. 2 . To tempt 5 to incite 3 to 
urge or *ead astray. 3 . To incite 3 to allure 3 in a good 
sense. Enfield. 

EN-TTCED, (en-tisP) pp. Incited 3 instigated to evil 3 se- 
duced by promises or persuasions 3 persuaded 3 allured. 

EN-TICE'MENT, n. 1 . The actor practice of inciting to 
evil ; instigation. 2 . Means of inciting to evil 3 that 
which seduces by exciting the passions. 3 . Allurement. 

EN-Ti'CER, 71 . One who entices 3 one who incites or in- 
stigates to evil 3 one who seduces. 

EN-Ti'CTNG, ppr. 1 . Inciting to evil 5 urging to sin by 
motives, flattery or persuasion 3 alluring. 2 . a. Having 
the qualities that entice or allure. 

EN-TI'CING-LY, adv. Charmingly 5 in a winning manner. 

t EN-TTER'TY, 71 . [Old Fx. entiertie.'] The whole. Bacon. 

EN-TIRE', a. [Fr. enticr ; Sp. entero : Port, inteiro ; It. in- 
tero.'\ 1 . Whole 3 undivided 3 unbroken 3 complete in its 
parts. 2 . Whole ; complete 5 not participated with others. 

3 . Full 3 complete 3 comprising all requisites in itself. 4 . 
Sincere 3 hearty. 5 . Firm ; solid ; sure 3 fixed ; com- 
plete ; undisputed. 6. Unmingled 3 unalloyed. 7. 
Wholly devoted 3 firmly adherent 3 faithful. 8. In full 
strength 3 unbroken. — 9 . In botany, an eritire stem is one 
without branches. 

EN-TTRE'LY, adv. 1 . W^holly 3 completely 3 fully. 2 . In 
the whole 3 without division. 3 . With firm adherence 
or devotion 3 faithfully. 

EN-TTRE'NESS, n. 1 . Completeness 3 fulness 3 totality 3 
unbroken form or state. 2 . Integrity 3 wholeness of 
heart 3 honesty. 

EN-TIIIE'TY, 71 . 1 . Wholeness 3 completeness. Black- 
stone. 2 . The whole. Bacon. 

EN'TI-TA-TIVE, a. Considered by itself. [This word, 
and entitatively, rarely or never usedj 

EN-TPTLE, V. t. [Fr. intituler.] 1 . To give a title to 3 to 
give or prefix a name or appellation. 2. To superscribe or 
prefix as a title. Hence, as titles are evidences of claim 
or property, to give a claim to 3 to give a right to demand 
or receive. 3 . To assign or appropriate by giving a title. 

4 . To qualify 3 to give a claim by the possession of suita- 


ble qualifications. 5 . To dignify by a title or honorable 
appellation. 6. To ascribe 3 [06s.] 

EN-Tl'TLED, pp. Dignified or distinguished by a title 3 
having a claim. 

EN-TPTLING, ppr. Dignifying or distinguishing by a ti- 
tle 3 giving a title 3 giving a claim. 

EN'TI-TY, 71 . [Low L. entitas.] 1 . Being 3 existence. 2 , 
A real being, or species of being. 

EN-TOIL', V. t. To take with toils 3 to insnare. 

EN-TOMB', (en-toom') v. t. 1 . To deposit in a tomb, as a 
dead body. 2 . To bury in a grave 3 to inter. 

EN-TOMB'ED, (en-toomd') pp. Deposited in a tomb 3 bur- 
ied. 

EN-TOMB'ING, ppr. Depositing in a tomb 3 burying. 

EN-TOMB'MENT, n. Burial. Barrow. 

EN'TO-MO-LlTE, n. [Gr. evropa and Xt 0 oj.] A fossil 
substance bearing the figure of an insect, or a petrified in- 
sect. 

EN-TO-MO-LOGT-CAL, a. Pertaining to the science of in- 

S6CtS* 

EN-t 6 -M 0 L' 0 -GIST, n. One versed in the science of in- 
sects. 

EN-TO-MOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. tvropa and Xo;yof.] That part 
of zoology which treats of insects 3 the science or history 
and description of insects. 

EN-Tf)R-Tl-LA'TION, n. [Fr. entortillement.] A turning 
into a circle. Donne. 

EN'TRAIL, or EN'TRAILS, n. [Fr. entrailles.) 1 . The 
internal parts of animal bodies 3 particularly, the guts or 
intestines 3 the bowels 3 used chiefly in the plural. 2 . The 
internal parts. 

f EN-TRAIL', V. t. [It. intralciare.] To interweave 3 to di- 
versify. 

EN-TRAM^MEL, v. t. To catch 3 to entangle 3 to trammel. 
Ilacket. 

t EN-TRAM'MELED, a. Curled 3 frizzled. 

EN'TRANCE, n. [L. intrans.] 1 . The act of entering 
into a place. 2 . The power of entering. 3 . The door, 
gate, pjissage or avenue, by which a place may be enter- 
ed. 4 . Commencement 3 initiation 3 beginning. 5 . The 
act of taking possession, as of land. 6. The act of taking 
possession, as of an office. 7 . The act of entering a ship 
or goods at the custom-house. 8. The beginning of any 
thing. 

EN-TRANCE', v. t. or i. [from transe, Fr.] 1 . To put in a 
trance 3 to withdraw the soul, and leave the body in a 
kind of dead sleep or insensibility. 2 . To put in an ec- 
stasy 3 to ravish the soul with delight or wonder. 

EN-TRANC'ED, (en-trSnst') pp. Put in a trance 3 having 
the soul withdrawn, and the body left in a state of insen- 
sibility 3 enraptured 3 ravished. 

EN-TRAxNCdNG, ppr. Carrying away the soul 3 enraptur- 
ing 3 ravishing. 

EN-TRAP', V. t. [Fr. attraper.'] To catch, as in a trap 3 to 
insnare 3 to catch by artifices 3 to involve in difficulties 
or distresses 3 to entangle 3 to catch or involve in contra- 
dictions. 

EN-TRAPTED, (en-trapt') pp. Insnared 3 entangled. 

EN-TRAP<PING, ppr. Insnaring 3 involving in difficulties. 

EN-TReAT', V. t. [Fr. en and trailer.'^ 1 . To ask earnest- 
ly 3 to beseech 3 to petition or pray with urgency 3 to sup- 
plicate 3 to solicit pressingly 3 to importune. 2 . To prevail 
on by prayer or solicitation 3 to yield to entreaty. 3 . To 
treat, in any manner 3 proper/?/, to use or manage. En- 
treat is always applied to persons, as treat is to persons or 
things. 4 . To entertain 3 to amuse 3 [o/>s.] 5 . To en- 

tertain 3 to receive 3 [ois.] 

EN-TReAT', V. i. 1. To make an earnest petition or re- 
quest. 2 . To offer a treaty 3 [not used.'] 3 . To treat 3 to 
discourse 3 [not used.] 

EN-TReAT'A-BLE, a. That may be entreated, or is soon 
entreated. 

t EN-TReAT'ANCE, n. Entreaty 3 solicitation. 

EN-TReAT^ED, pp. 1 . Earnestly supplicated, besought 
or solicited 3 importuned 3 urgently requested. 2 . Pre- 
vailed on by urgent solicitation 3 consenting to grant what 
is desired. 3 . Used 3 managed 3 [o/>s.] 

EN-TReAT'ER, n. One that entreats or asks earnestly. 

EN-TReATANG, ppr. 1 . Earnestly asking 3 pressing with 
request or prayer, importuning. 2 . Treating 3 using 3 

EN-TReA 3 ’'FUL, a. Full of entreaty. 

EN-TReAT'IVE, a. Pleading 3 treating. Brsiver. 

EN-TReAT'Y, 71 . Urgent prayer 3 earnest petition 3 press- 
ing solicitation 3 supplication. 

EN-TRE-METS', (an-tr-ma.') n. [Fr.] Small plates set be- 
tween the principal dishes at table, or dainty dishes. 

^ToT't'tDtCT’* 

EN-TRE-POT', (an-tr-p6') n. [Fr.] A warehouse, staple, 
or magazine, for the deposit of goods. 

t EN-TRIUK', v. t. To trick 3 to deceive 3 to entangle. 

EN'TRO-GHITE, n. [Gr. rpo‘)(^og.] A kind of extraneous 
fossil, usually about an inch in length. 

EN'TRY, 71 . [Fr. entree.] 1 . The passage by which per- 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, 0 , U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT 3 — PRgY 3 — PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3 — f Obsolete. 


ENV 


303 


EPH 


sons enter a house or other building. 2 . The act of en- 
tering j entrance ; ingress. 3 . The act of entering and 
tak in possession of lands or other estate. 4 . The act of 
coininittiiig to writing, or of recording in a book. 5 . The 
exhibition or depositing of a ship’s papers at the custom- 
house, to procure license to land goods. 

EN-TOxVE', V. t. To tune. Chaucer. 

EX-TWINE', V. t. To twine ; to twist round. 

EiV-l'WINE'iMENT, n. Union ; conjunction. Hacket. 

EN-TWIST', V. t. To twist or wreath round. 

I E-Nu'BI-LATE, v. t. [L. e and nubila.] To clear from 
mist, clouds or obscurity. 

E-NO'BI-LOUS, a. Clear from fog, mist or clouds. 

E-NU'€LE-ATE, v. t. [L. enucleo.] 1 . To clear from 
knots or lumps j to clear from intricacy ; to disentangle. 
2 . To open as a nucleus ; hence, to explain 3 to clear from 
obscurity 3 to make manifest. 

E-Nu'GLE-A-TED, pp. Cleared from knots 3 explained. 

E-NU'€LE-A-TING, ppr. Clearing from knots 3 explaining. 

E-NU-CLE-a'TION, n. 1 . The act of clearing from knots 3 
a disentangling. 2 . Explanation 3 full exposition. 

E-Nu ME-RATE, v. t. [L. enmnero.] To count or tell, 
number by number 3 to reckon or mention a number of 
things, each separately. 

E-Nu'ME-BA-TED, pp. Counted or told, number by num- 
ber , reckoned or mentioned by distinct particulars. 

E-Nu'ME-RA-TlNG, ppr. Counting or reckoning any num- 
ber, by the particulars which compose it. 

E-NU-ME-Ra'TIOxN, ?/. [L. enumeratio.] 1 . The act of 
counting or telling a number, by naming eacli particular. 
2 . An account of a number of things, in which mention is 
made of every particular article. — 3 . In rhetoric, a part ot 
a peroration, in which the orator recapitulates the princi- 
pal points or heads of the discourse or argument. 

E-Nu'ME-RA-TlVE, a. Counting 3 reckoning up. 

E-NUN'CIATE, V. E [L. emuicio.] To utter 3 to declare 3 
to proclaim 5 to relate. Bp. Barlow. 

E-NUxN‘CLA-TED, pp. Uttered 3 declared 5 pronounced. 

E-NUN'CIA-TING, ppr. Uttering 3 declaring 3 pronoun- 
cing. 

E-NUN-CI-a'TION, n. 1 . The act of uttering or pronoun- 
cing 3 expression 3 manner of utterance. 2 . Declaration 3 
open proclamation 3 public attestation. 3 . Intelligence 3 
information. 

E-xNUN'CIA-TiVE, a. Declarative 3 expressive. 

E-NUxN'CIA-TIVE-LY, adv. Declaratively. 

E-NUN'CIA-TO-RY, a. Containing utterance or sound. 

EN-VAS'SAL, V. t. 1 . To reduce to vassalage. 2 . To make 
over to another as a slave. Mors. 

EN-VEL'OP, i V. t. [Fr. envelopper.'] 1 . To cover by 

EN-VEL'OPE, \ wrapping or folding 3 to inwrap. 2 . To 
surround entirely 3 to cover on all sides 3 to hide. 3 . To 
line 3 to cover on the inside. 

* EN-VEL'OP, I n. 1 . A wrapper 5 an integument.— 2 . In 

EN-VEL'OPE, \ fortification, a work of earth in form 

of a parapet, or of a small rampart with a parapet. 

EN-VEL'OPED, pp. Inwrapped 5 covered on all sides 3 
surrounded on all sides 3 inclosed. 

EN-VEL'OP-ING, pp-. Inwrapping 3 folding around 3 cov- 
ering or surrounding on all sides, as a case or integu- 
ment. 

EN-VEL'OP-MENT, n. A wrapping 3 an inclosing or cover- 
ing on all sides. 

EN-VEN'OM, u. t. 1 . To poison 3 to taint or impregnate 
with venom, or any substance noxious to life. 2 . To 
taint with bitterness or malice. 3 . To make odious. 4 . 
To enrage 3 to exasperate. 

EN-VExN'OMED, pp. Tainted or impregnated with venom 
or poison 5 imbittered 3 exasperated. 

EN-VEN'OM-ING, ppr. Tainting with venom 3 poisoning 3 
imbittering 3 enraging. 

EN-VER'iMEIL, v. t. [Fr. vermeV.] To dye red. Milton. 

EN'VI-A-BLE, a. That may excite envy 3 capable of awa- 
kening ardent desire of possession. 

EN'VIED, pp. Subjected to envy. 

EN'VI-ER, n. One who envies another. 

EN'VI-OUS, a. [Fr. eiivieux.] Feeling or harboring envy 3 
repining or feeling uneasiness at a view of the excellence, 
prosperity or happiness of another. 2 . Tinctured with 
envy. 3 . Excited or directed by envy. 

EN'V [-OUS-LY, a<Zy. With envy 5 with malignity excited 
by the excellence or prosperity of another. 

EN-VT'RON, y. U [Fr environner.] 1 . To surround 3 to en- 
compass 3 to encircle. 2 . To involve 3 to envelop. 3 . 
To besiege. 4 . To inclose 3 to invest. 

EN-VI'RONED, pp. Surrounded 3 encompassed 3 besieged 3 
involved 5 invested. 

EN-VI'RON-ING, ppr. Surrounding 5 encircling 3 besieging 3 
inclosing; involving; investing. 

* EN-VI'ROjNS, n. piu. The parts or places which surround 
another place, or lie in its neighborhood on different 
sides. 

EN'VOY, n. [Fr. envoye.] 1 . A person deputed by a prince 
or government, to negotiate a treaty, or transact other busi- 


ness, with a foreign prince or government. 2 . A common 
messenger 3 [065.] 3 . [Fr. envoi.] Formerly, a postscript 

sent with compositions to enforce them. 

EN'VOY-SHIP, ?i. The office of an envoy . Coventry. 

EN'VY, V. t. [Fr. envier.] 1 . To feel uneasiness, mortifi- 
cation or discontent, at the sight of superior excellence, 
reputation or happiness enjoyed by another 3 to repine at 
anothers prosperity. 2 . To grudge 3 to withhold mali- 
ciously. 

EN'VY, n. 1 . Pain 3 uneasiness, mortification or discon- 
tent excited by the sight of another’s superiority or suc- 
cess, accompanied with some degree of hatred or malig- 
nity. — Emulation differs from envy in not being accompa- 
nied with liatred and a desire to depress a more fortunate 
person. 2 . Rivalry 3 competition 3 [little wsed.] 3 . Malice; 
malignity. 4 . Public odium 3 ill repute 3 invidiousness. 

EN'VY-ING, ppr. Feeling uneasiness at the superior con- 
dition and happiness of another. 

EN'VY-ING, V. 1 . Mortification experienced at the sup- 
posed prosperity and happiness of another. 2. Ill will al 
others, on account of some supposed superiority. Oal. 
V. 21 . 

EN-WAL'LoWED, a. Being wallowed or wallowing. 

EN-WilEEL', y. U [from ry/ice/.J To encircle. Shak. 

t EN-WID'EN, V. t. [from wide.] To make wider. 

EN-WOMB', (en-woom') v. t. 1 . To make pregnant; 
[oZ^s.J 2 . To bury 3 to liide as in a gulf, pit or cavern. 

EN-WOMB'ED, (en-woomd') pp. Impregnated 3 buried in 
a deep gulf or cavern. 

EN-WRAP', (en-rap') v. t. To envelop. See Inwrap. 

EN-WRAP'MENT, n. A covering 3 a wrapper. 

E-o'LI-xA.N, ) a. Pertaining to Amelia or Alolis, in Asia Mi- 

E-OL'I€, I nor, inhabited by Greeks. — Eolian lyre or 
harp is a simple stringed instrument, that sounds by the 
impulse of air, from MColus, the deity of the winds. 

E-OL'i-PILE, n. [L. .Molus and pila.] A hollow ball of 
metal, with a pipe or slender neck, used in hydraulic ex- 
periments. 

E'ON, 71 . [Gr. aiiov.] In the Platonic philosophy, a virtue, 
attribute or perfection. 

EP, EP'I, Gr. ttn, in composition, usually signifies on. 

E'PAUT, n. [Gr. enaKTog.] In chronology, the excess of the 
solar month above the lunar synodical month, and of the 
solar year above the lunar year of twelve synodical 
months. 

EP'ARUH, 71 . [Gr. CTrapvoj.] The governor or prefect of a 
province. Ash. 

EP'AR-€HY, 71 . [Gr. s-rrap^ta. ] A province, prefecture or 
territory under the jurisdiction of an eparch. 

EP'AU-LET, n. [Fr. epaulette.] A shoulder-piece ; an or- 
namental badge worn on the shoulder by military men. 

E-PAUL'MENT, n. [from Fr. epaule.] In fortification, a 
side-work, or work to cover sidewise, made of gabions, 
fascines, or bags of earth. 

EP-E-NET'I€, a. [Gr. tnaivyriKog.] Laudatory ; bestow- 
ing praise. Phillips. 

E-PEN'TH E-SIS, ) n. [Gr. snerOeais.] The insertion of a 

E-PEN'THE-SY, | letter or syllable in the middle of a 
word, as alimuni for alitum. 

EP-EN-THET'IG, a. Inserted in the middle of a word. 

e'PIIA, 71 . [Heb. riDN.] A Hebrew measure of three peckf 
and three pints, or, according to some, ot seven gallons 
and four pints, or about 15 solid inches. 

E-PHEM'E-RA, 71. [L.l 1 . A fever of one day’s continu- 
ance only. 2 . The day-fly , strictly, a fly that lives one 
day only 3 hut the word is applied also to insects that are 
very short-lived. 

E-PHEM'E-RxAL, ) a. 1 . Diurnai ; beginning and ending 

E-P 11 EM'E-RI€, I in a day 3 continuing or existing one 
day only. 2 . Short-lived 3 existing or continuing for a 
short time only. [Ephemeral is generally used. Ephem- 
erous is not analogically formed.] 

E-PHEM'E-RIS, 71 .; pZ«. Ephemer'ides. [Gr. ecprjpepig.'] 

1 . A journal or account of daily transactions ; a diary. — 

2 . In astronomy , an account of the daily state or positions 
of the planets or heavenly orbs 3 a table, or collection of 
tables, exhibiting the places of all the planets every day 
at noon. 

E-PHEM'E-RIST, n. One who studies the daily motions 
and positions of the planets 3 an astrologer. 

E-PHEM'E-RON -W6RM, n. A worm that lives one day 
only. Derham. 

E-PHEM*E-ROUS, a. Beginning and ending in a day. 
Burke. 

E-PHe'SIAN, a. Pertaining to Ephesus in Asia Minor. — 
As a noxLn, a native of Ephesus. 

EPH-I-AL'TES, 71 . [Gr.] The night-mare. 

* EPH'OD, 71 . [Heb. *] 1 DN-] In Jewish antiquity, a part of the 
sacerdotal habit, being a kind of girdle. 

EPH'OR, n. [Gr. tipnpog.] In ancient Sparta, a magistrate 
chosen by the people. 


* See Srjnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH ; Tfl as in this, f Obsolete. 


EPI 


304 


EPI 


EPH'OR-AL-TV, n. The office, or term of office, of an ephor. 

EP'I€, a. [L. epicus.'\ Narrative; containing narration; 
rehearsing. An epic poem, otherwise called heroic^ is a 
poem which narrates a sto.*y, real or fictitious, or both, 
representing, in an elevated style, some signal action or 
series of actions and events, usually the achievements of 
some distinguished hero. 

EP'I€, 71. An epic poem. 

EP'I-CEDE, n. [Gr. tirLKYj^LO^J] A funeral song or dis- 


course. 

EP-1-Ck'DI-AN. a. Elegiac ; mournful. 

EP-I-Ck'DI-UM, 71. An elegy. 

EP'I-CENE, a. [Gr. cttikoivos.] Common to both sexes ; of 
both kinds. 

EP-IG-TK'TIAN, a. Pertaining to Epictetus. 

EP'I-CURE, 71. [E. epicurus.] Properly, a follower of Epi- 
curus ; a man devoted to sensual enjoyments ; one who 
indulges in the luxuries of the table. 

* EP I-CU'RE-AN, ) a. [L. Epicuj'eus.] 1. Pertaining to 

•* EP-I-€U-Re'AN, I Epicurus. H. Luxurious ; given to 

luxury ; contributing to the luxuries of the table. 

* EP-l-CU'RE-AN, ) 71. A follower of Epicurus. Shaftes- 

* EP-I-CU-Re/AN, S bury. 

* EP-I-Gu'RE-AN-ISM, n. Attachment to the doctrines of 
Epicurus. Harris. 

EP'I-€G-RISM, 71. 1. Luxury ; sensual enjoyments ; in- 
dulgence in gross pleasure ; voluptuousness. 2. The doc- 
trines of Epicurus. 

EP'I-ClJ-Rl'/E, V. i. 1. To feed or indulge like an epi- 
cure ; to riot ; to feast. 2. To profess the doctrines of 
Epicurus. 

EP'1-CY-€LE, 71. [Gr. cm and kvk'Xos.] A little circle, 
whose centre is in the circumference of a greater circle ; 
or a small orb, which, being fixed in the deferent of a 
planet, is carried along with it, and yet by its own pecu- 
liar motion, carries the body of the planet fastened to it 
round its proper centre. 

EP-I-CYe'LOID,or EP-I-Cy'€LOTD, ti. [Gr.C7a«»/7cXoa6i7?-] 
In fTCometry, a curve generated by the revolution of the 
periphery of a circle along the convex or concave side of 
the periphery of another circle. 

EP-l-CvY-GJiOlD'AL, a. Pertaining to the epicycloid. 

EP-I-DEM'I€, or EP-I-DEM'I-€AL, a. [Gr. im and .] 
1. Common to many people. An epidemic disease is one 
which seizes a great number of people, at the same time, 
or in the same season. 2. Generally prevailing ; affect- 
ing great numbers. 

EP-l-DEM'IC, 71 . A popular disease ; a disease generally 
prevailing. 

EP-I-DERM'I€, \ a. Pertaining to the cuticle ; covering 

EP-I-DERM»1-DAL, \ the skin. 

EP-I-DERM^IS, 71. [Gr. emSeppig.] In anatomy, the cuticle 
or scarf-skin of the body ; a thin membrane covering the 
skin of animals, or the bark of plants. 

EP^I-DOTE, 71. A mineral. 


EP-I-G AS'TRIC, a. [Gr. ctti and yaaryp.'] Pertaining to the 
upper part of the abdomen. 

EP'I-GEE, 


EP-I-Ge»UM. 


See Perigee. 


EP'I-GLOT, ) n. [Gr. emy\wTTig.] In anatomy, one of 
EP-I-GLOT'TIS, ^ the cartilages of the larynx, whose use 
is to cover the glottis when food or drink is passing into 
the stomach. 


EP'I-GRAM, 71. [Gr. upiypapua.] A short poem treating on- 
ly of one thing, and ending with some lively, ingenious 
and natural thought. 

EP-I-G R AM- M AT' l€, ) a. 1. Writing epigrams ; deal- 

EP I-GRAM-MAT'I-€AL, J ing in epigrams. 2. Suitable 
to epigrams ; belonging to epigrams ; like an epigram ; 
concise ; pointed ; poignant. 

EP-I-GRAISPMA-TIST, n. One who composes epigrams, 
or deals in them. 


EPT-GRAPH, 71. [Gr. e-mypa(pr/.] Among antiquaries, an in- 
scription on a building. 

EP'I-LEP-SY, 71. [Gr. tniKyxpia.'] The falling sickness, so 
called because the patient falls suddenly to the ground ; a 
disease accompanied with spasms or convulsions and loss 
of sense. 

EP-l-LEP'TI€, a. Pertaining to the falling sickness; af- 
fected with epilepsy ; consisting of epilepsy. 

EP-I-LEP'TIG, 71, One affected with epilepsy. 

EP-I-LEP'TI-€AL, a. Convulsed ; disordered as by an epi- 
lepsy, 

EP'I-LO-GISM, 71. [Gr. ririXcyicr/iof.] Computation ; enu- 
meration. Grecrory. 

EP-I-LO-GlS'TI€, a. Pertaining to epilogue; of the nature 
of an epilogue. 

EP'I-LOGUE, (ep'e-log) n. [L. epilogus.] 1. In oratory, 
a conclusion ; the closing part of a discourse, in which 
the principal matters are recapitulated. — 2. In the drama, 
a speech or short poem addressed to the spectators by one 
of the actors, after the conclusion of the play. 


EPT-LO-GUIZE, or EPT-LO-OIZE, r. i. To pronounce an 
epilogue. 

EP'I-LO-GUIZE, V. t. To add to, in the manner of an epi- 
logue. 

j EP-I-NP'CION, M. [Gr. cttivikiov.] A song of triumph. 
War ton. 

E-PIPH'A-NY, 71. [Gr. £iri(pav£ia.] A Christian festival cel- 
ebrated on the bth day of January, the 12th day after 
Christmas, in commemoration of the appearance of our 
Savior to the magians or philosophers of the East, who 
came to adore him with presents. 

E-PIPII'O-NEM, j 71. [Gr. tTri^oiviy/ia.] In oratory, an 

EP-I-PHO-Ne'MA, \ exclamation; an ecphonesis ; a ve- 
hement utterance of the voice to express strong passion. 

E-PIPH'O-RA, 71. [Gr. cirt and 0£^o).] The watery eye; a 
disease in which the tears accumulate. 

EP-I-PIIYL-LO-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. £tu, ^uXXov, and 
crrtp/^a.] In botany, bearing their seeds on the back of the 
leaves, as ferns. 

E-PIPH'Y-SIS, ) 71. [Gr. £m(pvcig.] Accretion ; the growing 

E-PIPIl'Y-SY, ) of one bone to another by simple conti- 
guity. 

E-PIP'LO-CE, or E-PIP'LO-CY, n. [Gr. cttittXoxt;.] A fig- 
ure of rhetoric, by which one aggravation or striking cir- 
cumstance is added in due gradation to another. 

E-PIP'LO-CELE, 71. [Gr. emirXoKriXrj.l A rupture of the 
caul or omentum. Coxe. 

E-PIP'LO-IC, a. [Gr. CTriTrXoov.] Pertaining to the caul or 
omentum. 

E-PIP'LOON, 71. [Gr. cttittXoov.] The caul or omentum. 

E-PIS'CO-PA-CY, 71. [L. episcopatus.^ Government of the 
church by bishops. 

E-PIS'CO-PAL, a. 1. Belonging to or vested in bishops or 
prelates. 2. Governed by bishops. 

E-PIS-€0-Pa'LI-AN, a. Pertaining to bishops or govern- 
ment by bishops ; episcopal. 

E-PIS-€0-Pa'LI-AN, 71. One who belongs to an episcopal 
church, or adheres to the episcopal form of churcli govern- 
ment and discipline. 

E-PUS'€0-PAL-LY, adv. By episcopal authority ; in an 
episcopal manner. 

E-PIS'GO-PATE, 71. 1. A bishopric ; the office and dignity 
of a bishop. 2. The order of bishops. 

E-PIS'€0-PATE, V. i. To act as a bishop ; to fill the office 
of a prelate. Milner. 

E-PIS'CO-PY, 71. Survey ; superintendence ; search. 

EP'I-SODE, 71. [Gr. emcioSy.] In poetry, a separate inci- 
dent, story or action, introduced for the purpose of giving 
a greater variety to the events related in the poem ; an in- 
cidental narrative, or digression. 

EP-I-SOD'IC, I a. Pertaining to an episode ; contained 

EP-I-SOD'I-GAL, i in an episode or digression. 

EP-I-SOD'I-CAL-LY, adv. By way of episode. Scott. 

EP-I-SPAS'TI€, a. [Gr. tiricnaaTiKa.] In medicine, draw- 
ing ; attracting the humors to the skin ; exciting action in 
the skin ; blistering. 

EP-l-SPAS'Tie, 71. A topical remedy applied to the exter- 
nal part of the body, for the purpose of drawing the hu- 
mors to the part, or exciting action in the skin ; a blis- 

EP-I-STIL'BITE, 71. A mineral. 

E-PIS'TLE, (e-pis'l) n. [L. epistola, Gr. £mcTo\y.'\ A writ- 
ing, sent, communicating intelligence to a distant person ; 
a letter ; a letter missive. 

E-PIS'TLER, 71. 1. A writer of epistles ; [little used.] 2. 
Formerly, one who attended the communion table, and 
read the epistles. 

E-PIS'TO-LA-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to epistles or letters ; 
suitable to letters and correspondence ; familiar. 2. Con- 
tained in letters. 

EP-IS-TOL'I€, \ a. 1. Pertaining to letters or epistles. 

EP-IS-TOL'I-CAL, ^ 2. Designating the method of repre- 

senting ideas by letters and wmrds. 

E-PIS'TO-LiZE, i. To write epistles or letters. 

E-PIS'TO-LIZ-ER, 71. A writer of epistles. Hoicel. 

E-PIS-T0-L0-GRAPH'I€, a. Pertaining to the writing of 
letters. 

E-PIS-TO-LOG'RA-PHY, 71. [Gr. emaTo'Xy and ypa^o).] 
The art or practice of writing letters. 

E-PIS'TRO-PHE, I 71. [Gr. f7ri<rrpo0>7.] A figure, in rhet- 

E-PIS'TRO-PHY, I oric, in which several successive sen- 
tences end wfith the same word or affirmation. 

EP'I-STYLE, 71. [Gr. £iri and cruXof.] In ancient archi- 
tecture, a term used by the Greeks for wffiat is now called 
the architrave, a massive piece of stone or wood laid im- 
mediately over the capital of a column or pillar. 

EP'I-TAPH, 71. [Gr. ctti and ra0o?.] I. An inscription on 
a monument, in honour or memory of the dead. 2. A 
eulogy, in prose or verse, composed without any intent to 
be engraven on a monument. 

EP-I-TAPH'I-AN, a. Pertaining to an epitaph. Milton. 


* See Synopsis. X, E, I, O, tj, Y, long.— FXR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete 


EQU 

E-PIT'A-SIS, n. [Gr. €ttit£ivu).] In the ancient drama, the 
progress of the plot. 

EP-I-THA-LA^iMI-UM, 1 n. [Gr. enOaXaiHov A nuptial 
EP-I-THAL'A-MY, | song or poem, in praise of the 
bride and bridegroom, and praying for their prosperity. 
EP^I-THEM, 71. [Gr. cniQrjua.'] In pharmacy, a kind of 
fomentation or poultice, to be applied externally to 
strengthen the part. 

EP'I-TIIET, 71. [Gr. cttiOctov.] An adjective expressing 
some real quality of the thing to which it is applied, or an 
attribute expressing some quality ascribed to it. 
EP'I-THET, V. t. To entitle j to describe by epithets. 
EP-I-THETT€, a. 1. Pertaining to an epithet or epi- 
tliets. 2. Abounding with epithets. 

EP-I-THU-MET'I€, ) a. [Gr. cniOvprjTiKog.] Inclined 
EP-I-THU-METT-GAL, \ to lust j pertaining to the an- 
imal passion. Brown. 

E-PIT'O-ME, 1 71. [Gr. cTriropt].'] An abridgment ; a brief 
E-PIT'O-M Y, ^ summary or abstract of any book or writing ; 
a compendium. 

E-PIT'O-MIST, n. An epitomizer. 

E-PIT'O-MiZE, V. t. 1. To shorten or abridge, as a writing 
or discourse ; to abstract, in a summary, the principal mat- 
ters of a book j to contract into a narrower compass. 2. 
To diminph ; to curtail. 

E-PIT'O-MiZED, pp. Abridged ; shortened j contracted into 
a smaller compass, as a book or writiiig. 
E-PIT'O-MiZ-ER, 71. One who abridges j a writer of an 
epitome. 

E-PIT'O-MIZ-ING, ppr. Abridging j shortening ; making 
a summary. 

EPT-TRITE, 71. [Gr. CTrtrptrof.] In prosody, a foot con- 
sisting of three long syllables and one short one ; as incan- 
tare. Encyc. 

E-PIT'RO-PE, \ n. [Gr. CTrtrpoTr?;.] In rAetor/c, concession ; 
E-PIT'RO-PY, \ a figure by which a thing is granted 
with a view to obtain an advantage. 

EP-I-ZO-OT'I€, a. [Gr. cm and ^wov.] In geology, an 
epithet given to such mountains as contain animal re- 
mains in their natural or in a petrified state, or the impres- 
sions of animal substances. 

EP-I-Zo'O-l’Y, n. A murrain or pestilence among irra- 
tional animals. 

* E'P0€H, or EP'0€H, n. [L. epocha.'] 1. A fixed point 
of time, from which succeeding years are numbered ; a 
point from which computation of years begins. 2. Any 
fixed time or period ; the period when any thing begins 
or is remarkably prevalent. 

^P'O-CMA, 71. The same as epoc/t. 

* EP'ODE, 7j. [^Gr. In lyric poetry, the third or last 

part of the ode ; tliat which follows the strophe and anti- 
strophe. [The word is now used as llie name of any little 
v’^erse or verses, that follow one or more great ones.] 

EP-0-P£E^, 71. [Gr. enog and ttolco).] An epic poem. More 
pnxperly, the history, action or fable, which makes the 
subject of an epic poem. 

E'POS, n. [Gr. c~og.] An epic poem, or its fable or subject. 
EP'SOM-SALT. The sulpJiate of magnesia, a catliartic. 
EP^U-LA-RY, a. [L. cpularis.] Pertaining to a feast or ban- 
quet. Bailey. 

EP-U-La'TION, 11. [L. epulatio.] A feasting or feast. 
EP-U-LOTTG, a. [Gr. eTrovAwriAror.] Healing; cicatrizing. 
EP-U-LOTTG, 77. A medicament or application which tends 
to dry, cicatrize and heal wounds or ulcers, to repress fun- 
gous flesh', and dispose the parts to recover Soundness. 
E-Q,UA-BILfl-TY, n. 1. Equality in motion ; continued 
equality, at all times, iJi velocity or movement ; uniform- 
ity. 2. Continued equality ; evenness or uniformity. 
iE'Q,UA-BLE, a. [E. cequabilis.] 1. Equal and uniform at 
all times, as motion. 2. Even; smooth; having a uni- 
form surface or form. 

£'Q.UA-BLY, ado. With an equal or uniform motion ; with 
continued uniformity ; evenly. 

E'CIUAL, a. [L. cequalis.] 1. Having the same magnitude 
or dimensions ; being of the same bulk or extent. 2. 
Having the same value. 3. Having the same qualities or 
condition. 4. Having the same degree. 5. Even ; uni- 
form ; not variable. 6. Being in just proportion. 7. Im- 
partial ; neutral ; not biased. 8. Indifferent ; of the same 
interest or concern. 9. Just ; equitable ; giving the same 
or similar rights or advantages. 10. Being on the same 
^rms ; enjoying the same or similar benefits. 11. Ade- 
quate ; having competent power, ability or means. 
E'GUAL, 77. One not inferior or superior to another ; hav- 
ing the same or a similar age, rank, station, office, talents, 
_ strength, &c. 

E'Q.UAL, V. t. 1. To make equal ; to make one thing of 
the same quantity, dimensions or quality as another. 2. 
To raise to the same state, rank, or estimation with an- 
other ; to become equal to. 3. To be equal to. 4. To 
make equivalent to ; to recompense fully ;' to answer in 
full proportion. 5. To be of like excellence or beauty. 


EQU 

E-aUAL/I-TY, 71. [L. cBqualitas.] 1. An agreement of 
things in dimensions, quantity or quality ; likeness ; sim- 
ilarity in regard to two things compared. 2. The same 
degree of dignity or claims. 3. Evenness ; uniformity ; 
sameness in state or continued course. 4. Evenness ; 
plainness ; uniformity. 

E-Q.UAL-I-Z Action, n. The act of equalizing, or state of 

_ being eqjialized. 

e'Q,UAL-iZE, V. t. To make equal. 

E'Q,UAL-IZED, pp. Made equal ; reduced to equality. 

e'Q,UAL-IZ-ING, ppr. Making equal. 

e'CIUAL-LY, ado. 1. In the same degree with another; 
alike. 2. In equal shares or proportions. 3. Impartially ; 

_ with equal justice. 

e'Q,UAL-NESS, 71. 1. Equality ; a state of being equal. 
2. Evenness ; uniformity. 

E-Q,UAN'GU-LAR, a. [L. cequus and angulus.'] Consist- 
ing of equal angles. 

E-Q.IJA-NIM'1-T Y, n. [L. cequanimitas.'] 1. Evenness of 
mind ; that calm temper or firmness of mind, which is not 
easily elated or depressed. 

E-Q,UAN'I^IOUS, a. Of an even, composed frame of mind ; 
of a steady temjTer, not easily elated or depressed. 

E-Q,Ua'TION, 77. [L. (Eqvatio.'] 1. Literally, a making 
equal, or an equal division. — 2. In algebra, a proposition 
asserting the equality of two quantities, and expressed by 
the sign = between them ; or an expression of the same 
quantity in two dissimilar terms, but of equal value, as 
35 . = 36d. — 3. In astronomy , the reduction of the apparent 
time or motion of the sun to equable, mean or true time 
4. The reduction of any extremes to a mean proportion. 
Harris. 

E-CIUa'TOR, 77. [L.] \n astronomy ^r\di geography , n 
circle of the sphere, equally distant from the two poles of 
the world, or having the same poles as the world. 

E-Q,UA-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the equator. 
E'Q,UE-RY, 77. [Fr. ecuyer.^ 1. An officer of princes, 
who has the care and management of his horses. 2. A 
stable or lodge for horses. 

E-Q.UES'TRI-AN, a. [L. equestcr.'] 1. Pertaining to horses 
or liorsemanship ; performed with horses. 2. Being on 
horseback. 3. Skilled in horsemanship. 4. Representing 
a person on horseback. 5. Celebrated by horse-races. 6. 
Belonging to knights. 

E-Q.UI-AN'GU-LAR, a. [L. cequus, and angulus.^ In ge~ 
ometry, consisting of or having equal angles. 

E-GUI-BAL'ANCE, 77. [L. cequus and bilanx.'] Equal 

weight. 

E-GUI-BAL'ANCE, V. t. To have equal weight with some- 
thing. 

E-GUI-GRf5'RAL, o. [L. 7^^74775 and cr7/5.] I. Having legs 
of equal length. 2. Having equal legs, but longer than 
the base ;_ isosceles. 

E-GUI-CRuRE', a. The same as equicrural. 

E-GUI-DIF'FER-ENT, a. Having equal differences ; arith- 
metically proportional. 

E-GUI-DIS'TANCE, 77. Equal distance. Hall. 

E-GUI-DIS^TANT, n. Equal distance or remoteness. 

E-GUI-DIS'TANT, a. \L. cequus, and distans.'\ Being at an 
equal distance from some point or place. 

E-GUl-DIS'TANT-LY, ado. At the same or an equal dis- 

tcillC0 

E-GUI-FORMT-TY, n. [L. cequus and forma.] Uniform 
equality. Brown. 

E-GUT-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. cequus and lateralis.] Having 
all the sides equal. 

E-GUI-LAT'ER-AL, n. A side exactly corresponding to 
otli 0 rs* JTsYhcvt* 

E-GUt-LI'BRATE, v. t. [L. cequus and lihro.] To balance 
equally two scales, sides or ends ; to keep even with equal 
W'eight on each side. 

E-GUI-Ll'BRA-TED, pp. Balanced equally on both sides 
or ends. 

E-GUI-Li'BRA-TING, jipr. Balancing equally on both 
sides or ends. 

E-GUI-LI-BRa*TION, 77. Equipoise; the act of keeping 
the balance even, or the state of being equally balanced. 

E-GUI-LIB'RI-OUS, a. Equally poised. 

E-GUI-LIB'RI-OUS-LY, ado. In equal poise. 

E-GUTL'I-BRIST, n. One that balances equally. 

E-GUI-LIB'RI-TY, 77. [L. cequilihritas .] The state of be- 
ing equally balanced ; equal balance on both sides ; equi- 
librium. Gregory. 

E-GUI-LIB'RI-UM, n. [L.] 1. In mechanics, equipose ; 
equality of weight ; the state of the two ends of a lever or 
balance, when both are charged with equal weight, and 
they maintain an even or level position, parallel to the 
horizon. 2. Equality of powers. 3. Equal balancing of 
the mind between motives or reasons. 

E-GUI-MUL'TI-PLE, a. [L. cequus and multiplico.] Mul" 
tiplied by the same number or quantity. 

E-GUI-MUL'TI-PLE, n. In arithmetic, and geometry, a 
num_ber multiplied by the same number or quantity. 

E-GUi'NAL, a. Relating to a horse. Heywood. 


305 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BULL, UNITE. — € asKjOasJjSasZ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 

20 


/ 


306 


ERE 


Eau 

\ 

jE'QUINE, a. [L. equiniis.'] Pertaining to a horse, or to 
tlie genus. 

E-QUI-A^EC^ES-SA-RY, a. Necessary or needful in the 
same degree. Hudibras^ 

E-UU[‘NO€'TIAL, fl. [L. and nox.] 1. Pertaining 

to the equinoxes ; designating an equal length of day and 
niglit. 2. Pertaining to the regions or climate of the equi- 
noctial line or equator ; in or near that line. 3. Pertain- 
ing to the time when the sun enters the eciuinoctial points. 
— 4. KqxLinoctial flowers, flowers that open at a regular, 
stated hour. 

E-Q.Ul-NOC'TIAL, ?i. In astronomy, a great circle of the 
sphere, under which the equator moves in its diurnal 
course. — Equinoctial points are tlie two points wherein 
the equator and ecliptic intersect each other. 

E-Q,UI-NOC'TIAL-LA, ado. In the direction of the equi- 

_ nox. Brown. 

K'CiUI-NOX, n. [L. wqnxLS and nox.] The precise time 
when the sun enters one of tl>e equinoctial points, or the 
first point of Aries, about the 21st of March, and the first 
point of Libra, about the 23d of September, making the 
day and the night of equal length. 

E-(iLJI-NU'ME-RANT, a. [L. wquus and numerus.] Hav- 
ing or consisting of the same number. [Little used.] 

E-Q,UfP*, V. t. [Fr. equiper.] 1. To dress ; to liabit. To 
furnish with arms, or a complete suit of arms, for milita- 
ry service. 2. To furnish with men, artillery and muni- 
tions of war, as a ship. To fit for sea. 

EQ,'Ur-PA(j:E, n. 1. The furniture of a military man, partic- 
ularly arms and their appendages. 2. The furniture of an 
army or body of troops, infantry or cavalry. 3. The furni- 
ture of an armed ship, or the necessary preparations for 
a voyage. 4. Attendance, retinue, as persons, horses, 
carriages, fee. .5. Carriage of state ; vehicle. 6. Accou- 
terments ; habiliments ; ornamental furniture. 

ECI'UI-Pa 6ED, a. Furnished with equipage 5 attended 
witli a splendid retinue. Coicper. 

E-aULPExV'DEN-CY, n. [L. wquus and pendeo.] The act 
of hanging in equipoise 5 a being not inclinea or deter- 
mined either way. 

E-ClUIP'iMENT, n. 1. The act of equipping, or fitting for a 
voyage or expedition. 2. Any thing that is used in equip- 
ping ; furniture ; habiliments ; warlike apparatus ; neces- 

_ saries for an expedition, or for a voyage. 

E'dlJI-POlSE, n. [L. wquus, and Fr. poids.] Equality of 
weight or force ; equilibrium ; a state in which the two 
ends or sides of a thing are balanced. 

E-UUI-POL'LENCE, ) n. [L. wquus and pollentia.] 1. 

E-Q,UI-POL'LEN-CY, | Equality of power or force. — 2. 
In logic, an equivalence between two or more proposi- 
tions. 

E-Q,UI-POL^LENT, a. Having equal power or force ; equiv- 
alent. — In logic, having equivalent signification. 

E-Q.UI-POL'LENT-LY, ado. Equivalently. Barrow. 

E-QiUI-PON'DER-ANCE, v. [L. wquus and pondus.] 
Equality of weight ; equipoise. 

E-CiUI-PON'DER-ANT, a. Being of the same weight. 

E-Q,UI-PON'DER-ATE, v. i. [L. wquus and pondero.] To 
be equal in weight ; to weigh as much as another thing. 

E-GIUI-PON'DI-OUS, a. Having equal weight on both 
sides. Glanville. 

E-Q,UIP'PED, (e-quipt^) pp. Furnished with habiliments, 
arms, and whatev’cr is necessary for a military expedi- 
tion, or for a voyage or cruise. 

E-QUIP'PING, ppr. Furnishing with habiliments or warlike 
apparatus ; supplying with tilings necessary for a voyage. 

E-CilJI-?o'NANCE, n. An equal sounding. 

ECl'UI-TA-BLE, a. [Fr. equitable.] 1. Equal in regard to 
the rights of persons ; distributing equal justice ; giving 
each his due ; assigning to one or more what law or jus- 
tice demands ; just ; impartial. 2. Having the disposi- 
tion to do justice, or doing justice ; impartial. 3. Held or 
exercised in equity, or with chancerv powers. 

Ea'UI-TA-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being just. 
2. Equity ; the state of doing justice, or distributing to 
each according to his legal or just claims. 

ECX UI-TA-BLY, ado. In an equitable manner ; justly j im- 
partially. 

EQ,'UT-TANT, a. [L. equitans.] In botany, riding, as equi- 
tant leaves. 

EQ,-UI-Ta'TION, n. A riding on horseback. Barrow. 

EQl'UI-TY, n. [L. wquitns.] 1. Justice ; right. 2. Justice ; 
impartiality ; a just regard to right or claim. — 3. In law, an 
equitable claim. — 4. In jurisprudevee, the correction or 
qualification of law, when too severe or defective ; or the 
extension of the words of the law to cases not expressed, 
yet coming within the reason of the law. — 5. Equity of re- 
demption, in law, the advantage, allowed to a mortgager, 
of a reasonable time to redeem lands mortgaged. 

E-Q,HIV/A-LENCE, n. [L. eequus and valens.] 1. Equal- 
ity of value 5 equal value or worth. 2. Equal power or 
force. 

[E-CIUIV'A-LENCE, v. t. To equiponderate 5 to be equal to. 
Brown. 


E-Q,UIVL\-LENT, a. 1. Equal in value or worth. 2. Equ'al 
in force, power or effect. 3. Equal in moral force, co- 
gency or effect on the mind. 4. Of the same import or 
meaning. 5. Equal in excellence or moral worth. 

E-Q,UI V'A-LENT, n. I. That which is equal in value, 
weight, dignity or force, with something else.— 2. In 
chemistry, equivalent is the particular weight or quantity 
of any substance which is necessary to saturate any other 
with which it can combine. Silliman. 

E-Q,U1V'A-LENT-LY, ado. In an equal manner. 

f E-Q,UIV'0-€A-CY, 71. Equivocalness. Brown. 

E-Q,UIV*0-CAL, a. [Low L. wquivocus.] 1. Being of doubt- 
ful signification ; that may be understood in different 
senses ; capable of a double interpretation ; ambiguous. 
2. Doubtful ', ambiguous j susceptible of different con- 
structions 5 not decided. 3. Uncertain ; proceeding from 
some unknown cause, or not from the usual cause. 

E-UUIV'O-tlAL, n. A word or term of doubtful meaning, 
or capable of different meajiings. 

E-Q.U1 V'0-€AL-LY, ado. 1. Ambiguously; in a doubtful 
sense ; in terms susceptible of different senses. 2. By un- 
certain birth ; by equivocal goieration. 

E-Q,UIV'0-€AL-NESS, n. Ambiguity ; double meaning. 

E-Q.UIV'0-€ATE, v. i. [It. equivocare ,* Fr. equiooquer.] 
To use words of a doubtful signification ; to express one’s 
opinions in terms which admit of different senses ; to use 
ambiguous expressions. 

E-Q,UIV'0-€ATE, v. t. To render capable of a double in- 
terpretation. 

E-Q,UIV'0-€A-TING, ppr. Using ambiguous Avords or 
phrases. 

E-Q.UIV-0-€a'TION, 71. Ambiguity of speech ; the use of 
words or expressions that are susceptible of a double sig- 
nification. 

E-Q,UIV'0-CA-TOR, n. One who equivocates. 

K'Q,UI-VOKE, 77. [Fr. cquiooque.] 1. An ambiguous term. 
2. Equivocation. 

E-Q,UIV'OR-OUS, a. [L. equus and voro.] Feeding or sub- 
sisting on horse flesh. Quart. Rev. 

ER, the termination of many English words, is the Teutonic 
form of the Latin or / the one contracted from wer, the 
other from vir, a man. It denotes an agent, originally of 
the masculine gender, but now applied to men or things 
indifferently ; as in hater, far wer, heater, grater. At the 
end of names of places, er signifies a man of the place ; 

_ Londoner is the same as Londunman. 

K'RA, 77. \\j.(Bra', Fr. ere; Sp. era.] 1. In chronology, fK, 
/« fixed point of time, from which any number of years is 
begun to be counted ; as, the Christian era. It differs 
from epoch in this ; era is a point of time fixed by semv- 
nation or denomination of men ; epoch is a point fixed n> 
historians and chronologists. 2. A succession of years 
proceeding from a fixed point, or comprehended betAveen 
tAvo fixed points. 

E-Ra'DI-ATE, V. i. [L. e and radio.] To shoot as rays of 
light ; to beam. 

E-RA-DI-A'TION, 77. Emission of rays or beams of light; 
emission of light or splendor. 

E-RADT-CATE, V. t. [L. eradico.] To pull up the roots, or 
by the roots ; to destroy any thing that groAvs ; to extir- 
pate ; to destroy thoroughly. 

E-RAUT-CA-TED, pp. Plucked up by the roots ; extirpa- 
ted ; destroyed. 

E-RAD' 1-CA-TING, ppr. Pulling up the roots of any thing; 
extirpating. 

E-RAD-I-€a'TION, 77. 1. The act of plucking up by the 
roots ; extirpation ; excision ; total destruction. 2. The 
state of being plucked up by the roots. 

E-RAD'I-CA-TIVE, a. That extirpates; that cures or de- 
stroys thoroughly. 

E-RAD'I-CA-TIVE, 77. A medicine that effects a radical 
cure. Whitlock. 

E-Ra'SA-BLE, a. That may or can be erased. 

E-RaSE', V. t. [L. erado.] 1. To rub or scrape out, as letters 
or characters written, engraved or painted ; to efface. 2. 
To obliterate ; to expunge ; to blot out. 3. To efface ; to 
destroy. 4. To destroy to the foundation. [See Raze.] 

E-RaS'ED, (e-rast') pp. Rubbed or scratched out; obliter- 
ated ; effaced. 

E-RaSE'MENT, 77. The act of erasing ; a rubbing out ; ex- 
punction ; obliteration ; destruction. 

E-RaS'ING, ppr. Rubbing or scraping out; obliterating; 
destroying. 

E-Ra'SION, 77. The act of erasing ; obliteration. ^ 

E-RAS'TIAN, 77. A folloAver of Erastus. ^ 

E-RAS'TIAN-ISM, n. The principles of the Erastians. 

E-Ra/j?URE, (e-ra'zhur) 77. 1. The act of erasing ; a scratch- 
ing out ; obliteration. 2. The place where a word or let- 
ter has been erased or obliterated. 

ERE, (air) ado. [Sax. cer.] Before ; sooner than. 

ERE, (air) prep. Before. Dryden. 

ERE'LONG, (air'long) ado. 1. Before a long time had 
elapsed ; [065. or little used.] 2. Before a long time shall 
elapse ; before long. Milton. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, U, long.— -FAB,, FALL, WHAT; — PREY; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — '[Obsolete, 


ERR 


307 


/ 


^RE^NOW, (aiWiiow) adv. Before this time. Drydcn. 
tERE'VVHlLE, (air'while) ) adv. Some time ago j before 
tERE'VVHILES, (air'whilz) | a little while. Shak. 
ER'E-BUS, n. [E. erebus.] In mythology^ darkness ; hence, 
the region of the dead ; a deep and gloomy place ; hell. 
E-RECT^, a. [L. erectus.] 1. Upright, or in a perpendicular 
posture. 2. Directed upward. 3. Upright and firm ; 
bold ; unshaken. 4. Raised ; stretched j intent j vigor- 
ous. 5. Stretched ; extended. 

E-RECT', V. t. L To raise and set in an upright or perpen- 
dicular direction, or nearly such. 2. To raise, as a build- 
ing j to set up ; to build. 3. To set up or establish anew j 
to found; to form. 4. To elevate; to exalt. 5. To raise; 
to excite ; to animate ; to encourage. 6. To raise a con- 
sequence from premises. 7. To extend ; to distend. 
E-RECT^, V. i. To rise upright. Bacon. 

E-REGT'A-BLE, a. That can be erected. Montagu. 
E-REGT^ED, pp. Set in a straight and perpendicular direc- 
tion ; set upright ; raised ; built ; established ; elevated. 
E-REGT^ER, n. One that erects ; one that raises or builds. 
E-REGTTNG, ppr. Raising and setting upright ; building ; 
founding ; establishing ; elevating ; inciting ; extending 
and distending, 

E-REG'TION, n. 1, The act of raising and setting perpen- 
dicular to the plane of the horizon ; a setting upright. 2. 
The act of raising or building, as an edifice or fortifica- 
tion. 3. The state of being raised, built or elevated. 4. 
Establishment ; settlement ; formation. 5. Elevation ; 
exaltation of sentiments. 6. Act of rousing ; excitement. 
7. Any thing erected. 8. Distension and extension. 
E-REGTTVE, a. Setting upright ; raising. « 

E-REGT^LY, adv. In an erect posture. Brown. 
E-REGT'NESS, n. Uprightness of posture or form. 
E-REGT'OR, n. A muscle that erects; one that raises. 
ER'E-MI-TAGE, 71. See Hermitage. 

ER'E-MITE, n. [L. eremita.'] One who lives in a wilder- 
ness, or in retirement, secluded from an intercourse with 
men. It is generally written hermit. Milton. 
ER-E-MIT'I-GAL, a. Living in seclusion from the world. 
E-REP'TION, 71. [L. ereptio.'] A taking or snatching away 
by force. 

fER'GAT, V. i. [L. ergo.] To infer; to draw conclusions. 
ER'GO, adv, [L.J Therefore. 

ER'GOT, n, [Fr.j 1. In farriery., a stub, like a piece of soft 
horn, about the bigness of a chestnut, situated behind and 
below the pastern joint. 2. A morbid excrescence in grain, 
particularly in rye. 

ER'GO-TiSM, n. [L. er^o.] A logical inference. 
ERT-AGH, n. [Irish.] A pecuniary fine. Spenser. 
t ERT-GI-BLE, a. That may be erected. Shawls Zoology. 
E-RIN^GO, See Eryngo. 

f E-RISTHG, I a. [Gr. cpi? and epiariKog.] Pertaining 
t E-RIST'I-GAL, j to disputes ; controversial, 
t ERKE, n. [Gr. atpyog.] Idle ; slothful. Chaucer. 
ER'ME-LIN. See Ermin. 

ER^JMiNE, ) n. [Fr. hermine.] 1. An animal of the genus 
ER'MIN, \ mustela. 2. The fur of the ermine. 
ER'MiNED, a. Glothed with ermine ; adorned with the fur 
of the ermine. Pope. 

ERNE, or A3RNE, a Saxon word, signifying a place or re- 
ceptacle, forms the termination of some Englisli words, as 
well as Latin ; as in barn, lantern. 

E-RoDE', V. t. [L. erodo.] To eat in or away ; to corrode. 
E-RoD'ED, pp. Eaten ; gnawed ; corroded. 

E-RoD'ING, ppr. Eating into ; eating away ; corroding. 

•f ER'O-GATE, V. t. [L. erogo.] To lay out; to give; to 
bestow upon. Elyot. 

t ER-O-Ga'TION, n. The act of conferring. Elyot. 
E-RoSE', a. [L. In botany, an erose leaf has small 

sinuses in the margin, as if gnawed. 

E-Ro'SION’, n. [L. erosio.] 1. The act or operation of eating 
away. 2. The state of being eaten away ; corrosion ; 
canker. 

E-ROT'IG, ) a. [Gr. cpw?.] Pertaining to love ; treating 
E-ROT'I-GAL, i of love. 

E-liOTTG, n. An amorous composition or poem. 
ER-PE-TOL'O-GIST, n. [Gr. ep-erog and Xoyo?.] One who 
writes on the subject of reptiles, or is versed in the natu- 
ral history of reptiles. 

ER-PE-TOL'O-GY, n. That part of natural history which 
treats of reptiles. 

ERR, V. i. [L. erro.] 1. To wander from the right way ; to 
deviate from the true course or purpose. 2. To miss the 
right way, in morals or religion ; to deviate from the path 
or line of duty ; to stray by design or mistake. 3. To mis- 
take ; to commit error. 4. To wander ; to ramble. 

ERR, V. t. To mislead ; to cause to err. Burton. 
ERR'A-BLE, a. Liable to mistake ; fallible. [Little used.] 
ERR'A-BLE-NESS, n. Liableness to mistake or error. 

* ERTtAND, 77.. [Sax. wrend.] 1. A verbal message ; a man- 
date or order ; something to be told or done. 2. Any 
special business to be transacted by a messenger. 
ER'RANT, a. [Fr. errant.] 1. Wandering ; roving ; ram- 


ESC 

bling ; applied particularly to knights, who, in the middle 
ages, wandered about to seek adventures and dfsplay their 
heroism and generosity, called knights errant. 2. Devi- 
ating from a certain course. 3. Itinerant ; [o6s.] 
ER'RANT-RY, n. 1. A wandering; a roving or rambling 
about. Addison. 2. Tlie employment of a knight errant. 
ER-RAT'IG, a. [L. crraticus.] 1. Wandering ; having no 
certain course ; roving about without a fixed destination. 
2. Moving; not fixed or stationary. 3. Irregular; mu- 
table. 

ER-RATTG, n. A rogue. Cockcram. 

ER-RATT-GAL, a. Uncertain ; keeping no regular order. 
Bp. Hall. 

ER-RAT'I-GAL-LY, ai^TJ. Without rule; irregularly. Brown, 
t ER-Ra'TION, 71. A wandering. 

ER-Ra'TUM, 71. ; plu. Errata. An error or mistake in 
writing or printing. 

ERTIHINE, (er'rine) a. [Gr. tppivov.] AflTecting the nose, 
or to be snuffed into the nose ; occasioning discharges 
from the nose. 

ER'RIItNE, (erhine) n. A medicine to be snuffed up the 
nose, to promote discharges of mucus. 

ERR'ING, ppr. Wandering from the truth or the right way ; 
mistaking ; inegular. 

ER-Ro'NE-OUS, a. [L. erroneus.] 1. Wandering; roving; 
unsettled. 2. Deviating ; devious ; irregular. 3. Mis- 
taking ; misled ; deviating, by mistake, from the truth. 
4. Wrong ; false ; mistaken ; not conformable to truth ; 
erring from truth or justice. 

ER-Ro'NE-OUS-LY, adv. By mistake ; not rightly. 
ER-Ro’NE-OUS-NE8S, n. The state of being erroneous ; 

deviation from right ; inconformity to truth. 

ER^ROR, 77. [L. e7-ror.] 1. A wandering or deviation from the 
truth ; a mistake in judgment, by which men assent to or 
believe what is not true. 2. A mistake made in writing 
or other performance. 3. A wandering ; irregular course. 
4. Deviation from law, justice or right ; oversight ; mi^ 
take in conduct. — 5. In ScripUtre and theology, sin ; in- 
iquity ; transgression. — 6. In lata, a mistake in pleading 
or in judgment. A writ of error is a writ founded on an 
alledged error in judgment, which carries the suit to 
another tribunal for redress. 

ER'ROR, V. t. To determine a judgment of court to be er- 
roneous. [Mot icell authorized.] 

ERS, or Bitter Vetch, n. A plant. 

ERSE, 77. The language of the descendants of the Gaels or 
Celts, in the highlands of Scotland. 

ERSH, or EARSH, n. The stubble after corn is cut. 

ERST, adv. [Sax. wrest.] 1. First ; at first ; at the beginning. 
2. Once ; formerly ; long ago. 3. Before ; till then or 
now ; hitherto ; [obsolete, except in poetry.] 
fERSTWHIIjE, adv. Till then or now ; formerly. 
ER-U-BES^CENCE, n. [L. erubescens, erubcsco, from rubeo, 
to be red.] A becoming red ; redness of the skin or sur- 
face of any thing ; a blushing. 

ER-U-BES'GENT, a. Red, or reddish ; blushing. 

E-RUGT^, 1 v. t. [L. eructo.] To belch ; to eject from 
E-RUGT'ATE, j the stomacli, as wind. [Little used.] 
E-RUG-Ta'TION, n. [L. eructaiio.] ]. The act of belching 
wind from the stomach ; a belch. 2. A violent bursting 
forth or ejection of wind or other matter from the earth. 
Woodward. 

ER'U-DITE, a. [L. eruditus.] Instructed; taught; learn- 
ed. Chesterfield. 

ER-U-Dl"TION, 71. Learning; knowledge gained by study, 
or from books and instruction ; particularly, learning in 
literature, as distinct from the sciences. 

E-Ru'GIN-OUS, a. [L. wruginosus .] Partaking of the sub- 
stance or nature of copper, or the rust of copper ; resem- 
bling rust. 

t E-RUPT', V. i. To burst forth. 

E-RUP'TION, 77. [L. eruptio.] 1. The act of breaking or 
bursting forth from inclosure or confinement ; a violent 
emission of any thing, particularly of flames and lava from 
a volcano. 2. A sudden or violent rushing forth of men 
or troops for invasion; sudden excursion. 3. A burst of 
voice ; violent exclamation. — 4. In medical science, a 
breaking out of iiumors ; a copious excretion of humors on 
the skin, in pustules. 

E-RUP'TIVE, a. 1. Bursting forth. 2. Attended with 
eruptions or eiflorescence, or producing it. 

E-RYN'GO, 77. [Gr. rjpvyyiov.] The sea-holly, eryngium. 
ER-Y-SIP^E-LAS, n. [Gr. rpiJo-iTrcAaj.] A disease called St. 
Anthomfs fire an eruption of a fiery acrid humor, on 
some part of the body, but chiefly on the face. 
ER-Y-SI-PEL'A-TOUS, a. Eruptive ; resembling erysipe- 
las, or partaking of its nature. • 

ES-GA-LaDE', 77. [Fr.] In the military art, a furious attack 
made by troops on a fortified place, in which ladders are 
used to pass a ditch, or mount a rampart. 

ES-GA-LaDE', V. t. To scale ; to mount and pass or enter 
by means of ladders. Life of W elliv gton. 

ES-GAL'OP, (skol lup) or SGOL'LOP, n. [D. schulp.] L A 


* Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SPI ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


ESC 


308 


ESS 


family of bivalvular shell-fish. 2. A regular curving inden- 
ture in the margin of any thing. See Scallop and Scollop. 

ES-€A-PaDE% n. [Fr.] The Hing of a horse. 

E-S0APE', V. t. [Fr. cc/iapper.] 1. To flee from and avoid j 
to get out of the way ; to shun j to obtain security from j 
to pass without harm. 2. To pass unobserved j to evade. 
3. To avoid the danger of. 

E-SGaPE', V. i. 1. To flee, shun and be secure from danger 3 
to avoid an evil. 2. To be passed without harm. 

E-SGaPE', w. J. Flight to shun danger or injury; the act 
of fleeing from danger. 2. A being passed without re- 
ceiving injury. 3. Excuse ; subterfuge ; evasion. — 4. In 
law, an evasion of legal restraint or the custody of the 
slierifi’, without due course of law. 5. Sally ; flight; ir- 
regularity. 6. Oversight ; mistake. 

- E-SGaPE'AIENT, 71. That part of a clock or watch, which 
regulates its movements. 

E-SGaP'ER, n. One who gets out of danger. 

E-SGaP'ING, ppr. Fleeing from and avoiding danger or 
evil ; being passed unobserved or unhurt ; sliunning ; 
evading ; securing safety ; quitting the custody of the law, 
without warrant. 

E-SGaPANG, 71. Avoidance of danger. Ezra ix. 

ES-CaR'GA-T01RE, 71. [Fr.] A nursery of snails. 

ES-GARP', V. t. [Fr. escarper.] To slope ; to form a slope ; 
a riiilitary term. Carleton. 

ES-GARP'MENT, 71. A slope ; a steep declivity. 

ES-ClIA-LoT', (shal-lote') ?i. [Fr. ecJialote.] A species of 
small onion or garlic, belonging to the genus allium. 

ES'CIIAR, 71. [Gr. t<r)(apa.'\ 1. In burgenj^ the crust or scab 
occasioned by burns or caustic applications. 2. A species 
of coralline. 

ES-GHA-ROT'IG, a. Caustic; having the power of searing 
or destroying the flesh. 

ES-GHA-ROT'IG, 71 . A caustic application. Coze. 

ES-CHeAT<, 77. [Fr. eckeuir.'] 1. Any land or tenements 
which casually fall or revert to the lord within his manor, 
through failure of heirs. — 2. In the United States, the fall- 
ing or passing of lands and tenements to the state, through 
failure of heirs or forfeiture, or in cases where no owner 
is found. 3. The place or circuit within which the king 
or lord is entitled to escheats. 4. A writ to recover es- 
cheats from the person in possession. 5. The lands which 
fall to the lord or state by escheat. — 6. In Scots law, 
the forfeiture incurred by a man’s being denounced a 
rebel. 

ES-CHeAT', V. 7 . 1. In England, to revert, as land, to the 
lord of a manor, by means of the extinction of the blood 
of the tenant. — 2. In America, to fall or come, as land, to 
the state, through failure of heirs or owners, or by forfeit- 
ure for treason. 

tES-CHEAT', v.t. To forfeit. Bp. Hall. 

ES-CHeAT'A-BLE, a. Liable to escheat. 

ES -CHEAT' AGE, 71 . The right of succeeding to an escheat. 

ES-CHeAT'ED, pp. Having fallen to the lord through 
want of heirs, or to the state for want of an owner, or by 
forfeiture. 

ES-CHeAT'ING, ppr. Reverting to the lord through failure 
of heirs, or to the state for want of an owner, or by for- 
feiture. 

ES-CHeAT'OR, n. An officer who observes the escheats 
of the king in the county whereof he is escheator. 

ES-CHEW', V. t. [Norm, eschever.'] To flee from ; to shun ; 
to avoid. [Meai-hj 

ES-CHEW'EI), (es-chewd') pp. Shunned ; avoided. 

ES-CHEW'ING, Shunning; avoiding. 

ES-Co'CHEON, 71. [Fr.] The shield of the family. 

ES CORT, 71. [Fr. escorte.] A guard ; a body of armed men 
which attends an officer, or baggage, provisions or mu- 
nitions conveyed by land from place to place, to protect 
them. — This word is rarely, and never properly, used for 
naval protection or protectors ; the latter we call a con- 
voy. 

ES-CORT', V. t. To attend and guard by land. 

ES-€ORT'ED, pp. Attended and guarded by land. 

ES-CORT'ING, ppr. Attending and guarding by land. 

ES-GOT'. See Scot. 

ES-GOU-aDE'. See SquAO. 

ES-COUT'. See Scout. 

t ES-GRIPT', 71. [Fr. escript.] A writing; a schedule. 
Cockeram . 

ES-GRI-T 'HR', (es-kre-twor') n. [Sp. escritorio ; Fr. ec7'i- 
toire.] A box with instruments and conveniences for 
writing. It is often pronounced scrittoir. 

ES GRoW, V. [Fr. ecroii.] In law, a deed of lands or tene- 
ments delivered to a third pei-son, to hold till some condi- 
tion is performed by the grantee. 

ES'GU-AGE, 71. [from Fr. ecu.] In feudal laic, service of 
the shield, called also scutage ; a species of tenure by 
knight service, by which a tenant was bound to follow 
his lord to war; afterwards exchanged for a pecuniary 
satisfaction. 

ES-f'lJ-LA'PI-AN, a. [from JEsculapius.] Medical; per- 
taining to the healing art. Young. 


ES'CU-LENT, a. [L. esculentus.] Eatable ; that is or maj 
be used by man for food. 

ES'GU-LENT, n. Something that is eatable. * 

ES-€0'RI-AL, 71. The palace of the king of Spain. The 
Escurial is a famous monastery built by Philip II. in the 
shape of a gridiron, in honor of St. Laurence. 

ES-GGTCIPLON, ti. [Fr. ecusson.] The shield on which 
a coat of arms is represented ; the shield of a family ; the 
picture of ensigns armorial. 

ES-€UTCH'EONED, a. Having a coat of arms or ensign. 

ESH, n. Ash. Craven dialect. 

ESH'LAR, n. [Fr. eckeler.] Ashlar; stones walled in 
course by scale. Craven dialect. 

f ES-LOIN', V. t. [Fr. eloigner.] To remove. 

E-SOPH-A-GOT'O-MY, 71. [L. esophagus, and Gr. Topy.^ 
In surgery, the operation of making an incision into the 
esophagus, for the purpose of removing any foreign sub- 
stance. 

E-SOPH'A-GUS, 71. [Gr. oico^ayos.] The gullet ; the canal 
through which food and drink pass to the stomach. 

E-So'Pi-AN, a. [from AUsop.] Pertaining to Aisop. 

ES-O-TER'IG, a. [Gr. tGonepoq.] Private ; an epithet ap- 
plied to the private instructions and doctrines of Pythago- 
ras ; opposed to exoteric, or public. 

E-SOT'ER-Y, 71. Mystery ; secrecy. [Little used.] 

ES-PAL'IER, n. [Fr. espalier.] A row of trees planted 
about a garden or in hedges. 

ES-PAL'IER, V. t. To form an espalier. 

ES-PaR'CET, 71. A kind of sainfoin. Morthner. 

E-SPE"CIAL, a. [Fr. ipcciaZ,] Principal ; chief ; particulai 

E.SP£"CIAL-LY, adv. Principally; chiefly; particularly; 
in an uncommon degree. 

E-SPE"C1AL-NESS, n. The state of being especial. 

t ES'PE-RANCE, 77. [Fr.] Hope. Shak. 

E-SPI'AL, n. A spy ; the act of espying. Elyot. 

E-SPI'ER, n. One who watches like a spy. Harmar. 

ES'PI-NEL, 71 . A kind of ruby. See Spinel. 

ES'PI-O-NAGE, 77. [Fr.] The practice or employment of 
spies ; the practice of watching others without being sus- 
pected, and giving intelligence of discoveries made. 

ES-PLA-NaGE', 71. [Fr.] 1. In /ort7'^catio7i, the glacis of 
the counterscarp, or the sloping of the parapet of the cov- 
ered-way towards the country ; or the void space between 
the glacis of a citadel and the first houses of the town. — 
2. In gardening , a grass-plat. 

E-SPOL'S'AL, a. Used in or relating to the act of espousing 
or betrothing. Bacon. 

E-SPOUS'AL, 77. 1. The act of espousing or betrothing. 2. 
Adoption ; protection. 

E-SPOUS'ALS, 71. plu. The act of contracting or affian- 
cing a man and woman to each other ; a contract or mu- 
tual promise of marriage. 

E-SPOUSE', v.t. [Fr. epo«5gr.] 1. To betroth. 2. To be- 
troth ; to promise or engage in marriage, by contract in 
writing, or by some pledge. 3. To marry ; to wed. 4. 
To unite intimately or indissolubly. 5. To embrace ; to 
take to one’s self, with a view to maintain. 

E-SPOUS'ED, (e-spowzd') pp. Betrothed ; affianced ; prom- 
ised in marriage by contract ; married ; united intimately : 
embraced. 

E-SPOU.S'ER, 71. One who espouses. 

E-SPOUS'ING, ppr. Betrothing ; marrying ; uniting indis- 
solubly ; taking part in. 

E-SPY', V. t. [Fr. epier, espier.] 1 . To see at a distance ; 
to have the first sight of a thing remote. 2. To see or 
discover something intended to be hid. 3. To discover 
unexpectedly. 4. To inspect narrowly ; to examine and 
make discoveries. 

E-SPY', V. i. To look narrowly ; to look about ; to watch. 

E-SPy', 77 . A spy ; a scout. 

E-SQUIRE', 71. [Fr. ecuyer.] Properly, a shield-bearer or 
armor-bearer, scutifer ; an attendant on a knight. Hence, 
in 7node7'7i times, a title of dignity next in degree below a 
knigJit. In the United States, the title is given to public 
officers of all degrees, from governors down to justices 
and attorneys. Indeed the title, in addressing letters, is 
bestowed on any person at pleasure, and is merely an ex- 
pression of respect. 

E-SQUTRE', V. t. To attend ; to wait on. 

ES-SaY', V.t. [Fr. essaver.] L To try; to attempt; to 
endeavor ; to exert one’s power. 2. To make experi- 
ment of. 3. To try the value and purity of metals. See 
Assay. , 

ES'SaY, 77 . L A trial; attempt; endeavor; an effort 
made, or exertion of body or mind, for the performance 
of any thing. — 2. In literature, a composition intended to 
prove or illustrate a particular subject. 3. A trial or ex- 
periment. 4. Trial or experiment to prove the qualities 
of a metal. [Sc6 Assay.] 5. First taste of any thing. 

ES-FaY'ED, (es sade') pp. Attempted ; tried. 

ES-FaY'ER, 77. One who writes essays. Addiso7i. 

Ev^-?aY'''1NG, ppr. Trying ; making an effort. 

* ES-SaY'IST, 77 . A writer of an essay, or of essays. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — j Obsolete. 


EST 


309 


ESSENCE, iu [L. essentia ; Fr. essence.] 1. That which 
constitutes the particular nature of a being or substance, 
or of a genus, and which distinguislies it from all others. 
2. Formal existence j that which makes any thing to be 
what it is ; or, rather, the j)eculiar nature of a tiling ; the 
very substance. 3. Existence ; tlie quality of being. 4. 
A being ; an existent pei-son. 5. Species of being. 6. 
Constituent substance. 7. The predominant qualities or 
virtues of any plant or drug, extracted, refined or rectified 
from grosser matter ; oi, more strictly, a volatile essential 
oil. e. Perfume, odor, scent j or the volatile matter con- 
stituting perfume. 

ES'SEiXCE, V, t. To perfume ; to scent, 

.ES SEA’CEl), pp. Perfumed. Addison. 

ES-iSENEi?', n. Among the Jews, a sect remarkable for 
their strictness and abstinence. 

ES-i^EN'TlAL, a. [L, essentialis.'] 1. Necessary to the 
constitution or existence of a thing. 2. Important in the 
highest degree. 3. Pure ; highly rectified. 

EiS-fcEN'TlAL, n. I. Existence 3 being 5 [little iiscd,'] 2. 
First or constituent principles. 3. The chief point j that 
which is most important. 

ES-SEN-Tl-AL'1-TY, n. The quality of being essential 5 
first or constituent principles. iSwift. 

ES-SEN'Tl AL-LY, ado. 1. By tiie constitution of nature j 
in essence. 2. In an important degree. 

I ES-SEN'TIAL-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
essential. Ld. Digby. 

ES-t>EN'TIATE, v. i. To become of the same essence. 

ES-SEN^7TATE, v. t. To form the essence or being of. 

ES-SOIN', n. [Old Fr. exonier, essonier.] 1. An excuse ; 
the alledging of an excuse for him who is summoned to 
appear in court. 2. Exemption. 3. lie that is excused 
for non-appearance in court, at the day appointed. 

ES-SOIN', V. t. To allow an excuse for non-appearance in 
court ; to excuse for absence. Cowel. 

ES-SOlN'Ell, n. An attorney wlio sufficiently excuses the 
absence of another. 

F/-STAB'Lh?II, r. t. [Fr. cta&h>.] 1. To set and fix firmly 
or unalterably 5 to settle jjermanently. 2. To found per- 
manently 5 to erect and fix or settle. 3. To enact or de- 
cree by authority and for permanence ; to ordain ; to ap- 
point. 4, To settle or fix ; to confirm. 5, To make firm ; 
to confirm ; to ratify. 6. To settle or fix what is waver- 
ing, doubtful or weak ; to confirm. 7. To confirm j to 
fuifill ; to make good. 8. To set up in the place of an- 
other, and confirm. 

E-STAB'LISHED, pp. Set; fixed firmly; founded; ordain- 
ed ; enacted ; ratified ; confirmed. 

E-STAB'LISH-ER, n. lie who establishes or confirms. 

E-STAB'LISH-ING, ppr. Fixing ; settling permanently ; 
founding ; ratifying ; confirming ; ordaining. 

E-STAB'LISH-M"ENT, n. [Fr. etablissernent.] 1. The act 
of establishing. 2. Settlement; fixed state. 3. Confir- 
mation; ratification. 4, Settled regulation; form; ordi- 
nance ; system of laws ; constitution of government. 5. 
Fixed or stated allowance for subsistence ; income ; sal- 
ary. 6. That which is fixed or established ; as a penna- 
nent military force, a fixed garrison, a local government, 
an agency, a factory, &c. 7. The episcopal form of reli- 
gion, so called in England. 8. Settlement or final rest. 

ES-TA-FET', 71. [Sp. estafeta.'] A military courier. 

E-STaTE', 77. [Fr. etat.] 1. In a general sense, fixedness ; 
a fixed condition ; noio generally written and pronounced 
state. 2. Condition or circumstances of any person or 
thing, whether high or low. 3. Rank ; quality. — 4. In laio, 
the interest, or quantity of interest, a man has in lands, 
tenements, or other effects. 5. Fortune ; possessions ; 
property in general. 6. The general business or interest 
of government ; a political body ; a commonwealth ; a 
rei)ublic. [See State.] — E state.?, in the plural. 1. Domin- 
ions ; possessions of a prince. 2. Orders or classes of men 
in society or government. 

E-STaTE', V. t. 1. To settle as a fortune. Sliak. 2. To 
establish ; [little used.] 

E-STaT'ED, pp. or a. Possessing an estate. Swift. 

E-STEEM', V. t. [Fr. estimer.] 1. To set a value on, 
whether high or low; to estimate; to value. 2. To 
prize ; to set a high value on ; to regard with reverence, 
respect or friendship. 3. To hold in opinion ; to repute ; 
to think. 4. To compare in value ; to estimate by pro- 
portion. 

E-STEEM', V. i. To consider as to value. Spenser. 

E-STEEM', 77. 1. Estimation ; opinion or judgment of merit 
or demerit. 2. High value or estimation ; great regard ; 
favorable opinion. 

E-STEEM' A-BLE, a. Worthy of esteem ; estimable. 

E-STEEM'ED, (e-steemd') pp. Valued; estimated; highly 
valued ; thought ; held in opinion. 

E-STEEM'ER, n. One who esteems. Locke. 

E-SI’EEM'ING, pp?*. Valuing ; estimating; valuing highly ; 
prizing ; thinking ; deeming. 

ES'TI-MA-BLE, a. [Fr.l 1. That is capable of being esti- 
mated or valued. 2. Valuable ; worth a great price. 3. 


ETE 

Worthy of esteem or respect ; deserving our good opinion 
or regard. 

ES'^M-MA-BLE, n. That which is \vorthy of regard. 

ES'Tl-MA-BLE-NESS, n. 1 he quality of deserving esteem. 

ES'TI-MATE, V. t. [L. cpstimo.] J. To judge and form an 
opinion of the value of ; to rate by judgment. 2. To 
compute ; to calculate ; to reckon. 

ES^Tl-MATE, 77. 1. A valuing or rating in the mind ; a 
judgment or opinion of the value, degree, extent or quan- 
tity of any thing. 2. Value. Shak. 

ES'TI-iM A-TED, pp. Valued ; rated in judgment. 

ES'Tl-MA-TING, ppr. Valuing ; rating ; forming an opin- 
ion or judgment of the value, extent, quantity or degree 
of worth of any object ; calculating ; computijig. 

ES-TI-Ma'TIOM, 77. [L. cestiniatio.] 1. I heactof estima- 
ting. 2. Calculation ; computation ; an opinion or judg- 
ment of any thing. 3. Esteem ; regard ; favorable opin- 
ion ; honor. 

ES'TI-MA-TiVE, a. 1. Having the power of comparing 
and adjusting the worth or preference ; [little used.] 2. 
Imaginative. 

ES'TI-MA-TOR, ??. One who estimates or values. 

ES'TI-VAL, a. [L,. wstivvs.] Pertaining to summer. 

ES'TI-VATE, v.i. To pass the summer. 

ES-TI-Va'TION, 77. [L,. wstivatio.] 1. The act of passing 
the sumnier. — 2. In botany, the disposition of the petals 
within the floral gem or bud. 

ES-TOP', V. t. [Fr. etouper.] In law, to impede or bar, by 
one’s own act. 

ES-TOP'PED, (e-stopt') pp. Hindered ; barred. 

ES-TOP'PING, ppr. Impeding; barring by one’s own act. 

ES-TOP'PEIi, 77. In law, a stop; a plea in bar, grounded 
on a man’s own act or deed, which estops or precludes 
him from averring any thing to the contraiy. 

ES-To'VERS, 77. [Norm, estoffer.] In law, necessaries, or 
supplies ; a reasonable allowance out of lands or goods for 
the use of a tenant. 

EF-TRaDE', 77. [Fr.l An even or level place. Diet. 

ES-TRaNgE', V. t. [Fr. ctrangcr.] 1. To keep at a dis- 
tance ; to withdraw ; to cease to frequent and be familiar 
with. 2. To alienate ; to divert from its original use or 
possessor. 3. To alienate, as the affections ; to turn from 
kindness to indifference or malevolence. 4. To with- 
draw ; to withhold. 

ES-TRaNG'ED, (e-stranjd') pp. Withdrawn ; alienated. 

ES-TRaNG'ED-NESS, 77. The state of being estranged. 
Prynne. 

ES-TRaNGE'MENT, 77. Alienation ; a keeping at a dis- 
tance ; removal ; voluntary abstraction. 

ES-TRaNG' 1NG, ppr. Alienating; withdrawing; keeping 
at or removing to a distance. 

ES-TRA-PaDE', 77. [Yy. stra]f}}ado.] The defense of a horse 
that will not ol)ey, and W’hich, to get rid of his rider, rises 
before and yerks furiously with his hind legs. 

E.S-TRaY', v.i. To stray. See Stray*. 

ES-TRaY', 77. [Norm, estraycr.] A tame beast, as a horse, 
ox or sheep, which is found wandering or without an 
owner. See Stray. 

ES-TReAT', 77. [Norm, estraite.] In laic, a true copy of 
an original writing. 

ES-TRkAT<, V. i. To extract ; to copy. Blacicstone. 

ES-TRkAT'ED, pp. Extracted ; copied. 

ES-TRePE'MENT, 77. [Norm, estreper.] In law, spoil ; 
waste ; a stripping of land by a tenant, to the prejudice 
of the owner. 

ES'TRICH, 77. The ostrich, which see. 

I ES'TU-ANCE, 77. [L. wstus.] Heat. Brown. 

ES'TU-A-RY, 77. [1j. cEstuarium.] 1. An arm of the sea ; a 
frith ; a narrow passage, or the mouth of a river or lake, 
where the tide meets the current, or flows and ebbs. 2. 
A vapor-bath. 

ES'TU-ATE, V. i. [L. wstuo.] To boil ; to swell and rage ; 
to be agitated. 

ES-TU-a'TION, 77. A boiling ; agitation. Brown. 

t EST-URE', 77. [L. (Bstuo.] V’^iolence ; commotion. 

E-Su'RI-ENT, a. [L. esuriens.] Inclined to eat ; hungry. 

ES'U-RINE, a. Eating ; corroding. [Little used.] 

ET CTiT'E-RA, and the contraction etc., denote the rest, 
or others of the kind ; and so on ; and so forth. 

ETCH, V. t. [G. etien.] 1. To make prints on copper-plate 
by means of lines or strokes first drawn, and then eaten 
or corroded by nitric acid. 2. To sketch ; to delineate ; 
[not in zise.] Locke. 

ETCH, V. i. To practice etching. 

ETCH, or ED'DISH, n. Ground from which a crop has 
been taken. Mortimer. 

ETCH'ED, (etcht) pp. Marked and corroded by nitric acid. 

ETCH'ING, ppr. Marking or making prints with nitric 
acid. 

ETCH'ING, 71. The impression taken from an etched cop- 
per-plate. 

ET-E-OS'TI€, 77. [Gr. creos and ari'xos.] A chronogram- 
matical composition. B. Jonson. 

I E-TERN', a. Eternal ; perpetual ; endless. Shak. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BULL, UN ITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


ETW 


310 


EUR 


E-TERWAL, a. \Yv. etemel ; ~L, (Btermus.'] 1. Without be- 
ginning or end of existence. 2 . Without beginning of 
existence. 3. Without end of existence or duration ; 
everlasting ; endless j immortal. 4. Perpetual ; cease- 
less ; continued without intermission. 5. Unchangeable j 
existing at all times without change. 

E-TPlR'iN AL, n. An appellation of God. 

E-TER'NAL-IST, n. One who holds the past existence of 
the world to be infinite. Burnet. 
f E-TER'NAL-lZE, v. t. To make eternal j to give endless 
duration to. [We now use eternize.^ 

E-TER'NAL-LY, adv. 1. Without beginning or end of du- 
ration, or without end only. 2. Unchangeably ; invaria- 
bly 5 at all times. 3. Perpetually; without intermission. 
E-TER'Nl-FY, v. t. To make famous ; to immortalize. 
E-TER'NI-TY, n. [L. oiternitas Duration or continuance 
without beginning or end. 

E-TER'NiZE, V. t. [Fr. eterniser.'] 1. To make endless. 2. 
To continue the existence or duration of indefinitely ; to 
perpetuate. 3. To make forever famous ; to immortalize. 
E-TER'NIZED,py. Made endless ; impiortalized. 
E-TER'NIZ-ING, ppr. Giving endless duration to. 
E-Te'SIAN, (e-te^zhan) a. [L. etest'as.] Stated; blowing at 
stated times of the year ; periodical. Encyc. 
f eTHE, a. Easy. Chaucer. 
t E'THEL, a. Noble. 

E'THER, n. [L. cether.'^ 1. A thin, subtil matter, mucli 
finer and rarer than air, which, some philosophers sup- 
X pose, begins from the limits of the atmosphere, and occu- 
pies the heavenly space. A^'ewton. — 2. In chemistry, a very 
light, volatile and inflammable fluid, produced by the dis- 
tillaUon of alcohol or rectified spirit of wine, with an acid. 
E-THe'RE-AL, a. 1. Formed of ether ; containing or filled 
with ether. 2. Heavenly ; celestial. 3. Consisting of 
ether or spirit._ 

E-THe'RE-AL-iZE, V. t. To convert into ether, or into a 
very subtil fluid. 

E-TI1e'RE-AL-IZED, jpp. Converted into ether. 
E-THe'RE-OUS, a. Formed of ether ; heavenly. Milton. 
E'THER-IZE, V. t. To convert into ether. Med. Rep. 
E'THER-iZED, pp. Converted into ether. 
E'THER-IZ-ING, ppr. Converting into ether. 

ETH'ie, ) a. [L. ethictis.] Relating to manners or 
ETH'I-CAL, ) morals ; treating of morality ; delivering 
precepts of morality. 

ETH'I-CAL-LY, adv. According to the doctrines of morality. 
ETIPICS, n. 1. The doctrines of morality ; the science of 
moral philosophy. 2. A system of moral principles ; a 
system of rules for regulating the actions of men. 

E THI-OP, n. A native of Ethiopia ; a blackamoor. Shak. 
E'THI-OPS MAR'TIAL. Black oxyd of iron. 

E'THI-OPS MIN'ER-AL. a combination of mercury and 
sulphur. 

ETIPMOID, > a. [Gr. ydfxos and Resembling a 

ETH-MOID'AL, [ sieve. 

ETIPMOID, 71. A bone at the top of the root of the nose. 
ETH^NIC, I tt. [L. ethnicus.] 1 . Heathen ; pagan ; per- 
ETH'NI-CAL, I taining to the gentiles or nations not 
converted to Christianity. 2. Relating to the races or 
classes of mankind. 

ETIPNIC, 71. A heathen ; a pagan. 

ETH'NI-CISM, 71. Heathenism ; paganism ; idolatry. 
ETH-N0-GRAPH'I-€AL, a. [Gr. and Re- 

lating to a description of nations, or races of mankind. 
ETH-NOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. and Xoyos.] A treatise on 
nations. 

ETH-O-LOG'I-CAL, a. Treating of ethics. 
E-THOL'O-GiSTj n. One who writes on morality. 
E-THOL'O-GY, 72. [Gr. rOo?, or 7 ? 0 o 5 ,and Xoyoj.] A treatise 
on morality, or the science of ethics. 

E^TIO-LATE, V. i. [Gr. atOco.] To become white or whiter ; 
to be whitened. 

E'TIO-L ATE, V. t. To blanch ; to whiten by excluding the 
sun’s rays. 

E'TIO-LA-TED, pp. Blanched ; whitened by excluding the 
sun’s rays. 

E'TIO-LA-TING, ppr. Blanching ; whitening by excluding 
the sun^s rays. 

E-TIO-La'TION, 71. The operation of being whitened, or 
of becoming white, by excluding the light of the sun. 
E-TIO-LOG'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to etiology, .^rhuthnot. 
E-TI-OL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. airia and Xoyo?.] An account of 
the causes of any thing, particularly of uiseases. 
ET-I-Q.UET', (et-e-keP) n. [Fr. ctiquette.'\ Forms of cer- 
emony or decorum ; the forms which are observed to- 
wards particular persons, or in particular places. 

E'TIT_E, 71. [Gr. aero?.] Eaglestone. 

ET-Ne'AN, a. [from JEtna.] Pertaining to Etna, 
f ET'TIN, n. A giant. Beaumont. 

•f ET'TLE, V. t. To earn. Boucher. 

A case for pocket instru- 

tjhi 5 > ments 

ET-WEE'-€aSE, ) 


f ET-Y-MOL'O GER, n. An etymologist. Griffith. 

ET-Y-M0-L0G'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to etymology or the 
derivation of words ; according to or by means of ety- 
mology. 

ET-Y-M0-L0G'I-€AL-LY, adv. According to etymology. 

ET-Y-MOL'O-GIST, 71. One versed in etymology ; one who 
searches into the original of words. 

ET-Y-MOL'O-GIZE, V. i. • To search into the origin of 
words ; to deduce words from their simple roots. 

ET-Y-MOL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. ervyos and Xoyo?.] 1 . Tliat part 
of philology which explains the origin and derivation of 
words. — In grammar, etymology comprehends the various 
inflections and modifications of words. 2. The deduc- 
tion of words from their originals ; the analysis of com- 
jx)und words into their primitives. 

ET'Y-MON, 71. [Gr. ervpov.] An original root, or primitive 
word. 


EU'UHA-RIST, 71. [Gr. £v%ap 7 <ma.] 1. The sacrament of 
the Lord’s supper. 2. The act of giving thanks. 

EU-€HA-RIS'T1€, ^ a. 1. Containing expressions of 

EU-€HA-RISfTI-€AL, \ thanks. 2. Pertaining to the 
Lord’s supper. 

EU-€HLo'RlC GAS. The same as euchlorine. Davy. 

EU-€HLo'RINE, n. In chemistry, protoxyd of chlorine. 

EU-€H0L'0-GY, n. [Gr. ev^oXoyiov.] A formulary of 
prayers ; the Greek ritual. 

EU'CHY-MY, 71. [Gr. ev^vuia.] A good state of the blood 
and other fluids of the body: 

EU-€HY-SID<ER-ITE, n. A mineral. 

Eu'CLASE, n. A mineral, a species of emerald. 

Eu'€RA-SY, 71. [Gr. cv and Tcpactj.] In medicine, such a 
due or well proportioned mixture 01 qualities in bodies, aa 
tends to constitute health or soundness. 

EuC'TI-CAL, a. Containing acts of thanksgiving. Mede. 

Eu'DI-ALtYTE, 72. A mineral of a brownish-red color. 

EU-DI-OM'E-TER, 72. [Gr. tvSiog, ev, Siog and perpov.] An 
instrument for ascertaining the purity of the air. 

EU-DI-O-MET'RIC, I a. Pertaining to a eudiometer j 

EU-DI -O-MET/RI-CAL, ^ performed or ascertained by a 
eudiometer. 

EU-DI-OM'E-TRY, n. The art or practice of ascertaining 
the purity of the air by the eudiometer. 

t EU'GE, 72. Applause. Hammond. 

EUGH, 72. A tree. See Yi:w. 

EU-HAR-MONRC, a. [Gr. sv, and harmojiic.] Producing 
harmony or concordant sounds. 

EU-KaI'RITE, 72. [Gr. cu/carpo?.] Cupreous seleniuret of 
silver, a mineral ot a shining lead-gray color. 

EU-LOG'I€, I , ■ • • , . 

EU-LOG'I-CAL 1 praise ; commendatory. 

EU-LOG'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a manner which conveys en- 
comium or praise. 

Eu'LO-GiST, 72. One who praises and commends another. 

EU-Lo'Gl-UM, 72. A eulogy. 

Eu'LO-GiZE, V. t. To praise ; to speak or write in com- 
mendarion of another ; to extol. 

Eu'LO-GiZED, pp. Praised ; commended. 

Eu'LO-GlZ-ING, ppr. Writing or speaking in praise of. 

Eu'LO-GY, 72. [Gr. ei'Xoyta.] Praise; encomium; pan- 
egyric ; a speech or writing in commendation of a person. 

Eu'NO-MY, 72. [Gr. evvopLa.] Equal law, or a well adjust- 
ed constitution of government. Mitford. 

Eu'NUCH, 72. [Gr. evvov^og.] A male of the human species 
castrated. 

t EtJ'NUCH, v.t. To make a eunuch. Creech. 

Eu'NUCH-ATE, v. t. To make a eunuch ; to castrate. 

Eu'NU€’H-ISiM, 72 . The state of being a eunuch. 

EU-ONW-MUS, 72. [L.] A shrub called s/2272die-tree. 

Eu'PA-THY, 72. [Gr. eviraOeia.] Right feeling. Harris. 

Eu'PA-TO-RY, 72. [L. cupatorium.] The hemp agrimo- 
ny. 


EU-PEP'SY, 72. [Gr evrre^ia.'} Good concoction in the 
stomach ; good digestion. 

EU-PEP'TIC, a. Having good digestion. 

Eu'PHE-MISM, 72. [Gr. ev^Tjpiapog.] A representation 
of good qualities ; particularly, in rhetoric, a figure by 
which a delicate word or expression is substituted for one 
which is offensive. 

EU-PHON'IG, ) a. Agreeable in sound ; pleasing to the 

EU-PHON'I-€AL, i ear. ' 

EuTHO-NY, 72. [Gr. £u 0 wr 2 a.] An agreeable sound ; an 
easy, smooth enunciation of sounds. 

EU-PHOR'BI-A, 72. [Gr. tv<pop^ia.'] In botany, spurge, or 
bastard spurge, a genus of plants of many species. 

EU-PHOR'BI-UM, 72. [L.] In materia znedica, a gummi- 
resinous substance, exuding from an oriental tree. 

EuTHO-TIDE, 72. A name given by the French to the ag- 
gregate of diallage and saussurite. 

EuTHRA-SY, 72. Eyebright, a genus of plants. 

EU-RPPUS, 72. [Gr. cvpnrog.] A strait ; a narrow tract of 
water. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long, — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. / 


EVA 


31E 


EVE 


Eu^RITE, n. The white stone [weiss stein] of Werner. 
EU-ROC'LV-DON, w. [Gr.eupo? and Atcmpestii- | 

ous vdnd, which drove asliore, on Malta, the ship in 
which St. Paul was sailing to Italy. 

Eu'ROPE, /^. The great quarter of the earth that lies be- 
tween the Atlantic ocean and Asia, and between tlie 
Mediterntnean sea and the Nortli sea. 

EU-110-I^E'AN, a. Pertaining to Europe. 

EU-RO-Pk'AN, 71. A native of Europe. 

Eu'RUS, 71. [L.J The east wind. 

EU^RYTH-MY, 71. [Gr. £u and pvOfxos.] In architecture^ 
paintinu and sculpture, ease, majesty and elegance of the 
parts of a body, arising from just proportions. 
EU-Sk'R 1-AN, 71. An Arian, so called from Eusebius. 
Eu'STYLE, 71. [Gr. cj and imiXoj.] In architecture, a sort 
of building in which the columns are placed at the most 
convenient distances from each other. 
j-EU'TAX-Y, 71. [Gr. caralta.] Established order. Water- \ 
house. 

EU'TIIA-NA-SY, or EU-THAN'A-SY, n. [Gr. evOavaaia ; 

L. euthanasia .] An easy death. 

EU-TYGH'l-AN, 71. A follower of Eutychius. 
EE-TY€H'1-AN, a. Denoting the heretics called Eutychi- 
ans. Ttllotson. 

EU-TYGH'I-AN-ISM, v. The doctrines of Eutj^chius, who 
denied the two natures of Christ, 
t E-V'A C^ATE, V. U [L. vaco.] To empty. Harvey. 
E-VAC'U-ANT, a. [L. evacuans.'\ Emptying; freeing from. 
E-VA€’U-ANT, n. A medicine , which procures evacua- 
tions, or promotes the natural secretions and excretions. 
E-VAC'U-ATE, V. t. [L. ev.acuo.'] 1. To make empty ; to 
free from any thing contained. 2. To throw out ; to eject ; 
to void ; to discharge. 3. To empty ; to free from con- 
tents. 4. To quit ; to withdraw from a place. 5. To 
make void ; to nullify. 

E-VA€'U-A-TED, pp. Emptied ; cleared ; freed from the 
contents ; quitted, as by an army or garrison ; ejected ; 
discharged ; vacated. 

E-VAG'U-A-TINGj ppr. Emptying; making void or va- 
cant; withdrawing from. 

E-VA€-U-a'TION, 71. 1. The act of emptying or clearing 
of the contents ; the act of withdrawing from, as an army 
or garrison. 2. Discharges by stool or other natural 
means ; a diminution of the fluids of an animal body. 3. 
Abolition ; nullification. 

E-VAG'U-A-TiVE, a. That evacuates. 

E-VAG'U-A-TORj n. One that makes void. Hammond. 
E-VADE', V, t. [L. euado.] 1. To avoid by dexterity. 2. 
To avoid or escape by artifice or stratagem ; to slip away ; 
to elude. 3. To elude by subterfuge, sophistry, address 
or ingenuity. 4. To escape as imperceptible. 

E-VADE', 77. t. 1. To escape ; to slip away. 2. To attempt 
to esca}^ ; to practice artifice or sophistry for the purpose 
of eluding. 

E-VAD'ED, pp. Avoided ; eluded. 

E-VAD'ING, ppr. Escaping ; avoiding ; eluding ; slipping 
away from danger, pursuit or attack. 

EV-A-GA'TION, ?i. [L. cvaratio.'\ The act of wandering ; 

excursion ; a roving or rambling, 
t E'VAL, a. [L. cevum.'] Relating to time or duration. 
EV-A-NES^CENCE, 71. [E. evancscens.] 1. A vanishing; 
a gradual departure from sight or possession. 2. The 
state of being liable to vanish. 

EV-A-XES'CEXT, a. Vanishing ; subject to vanishing ; 

fleeting ; passing away ; liable to dissipation, 
t E-VAN'GEL, 71. [L. cvangelmm.'] The gospel. Chaucer. 
t EV-AN-GE^Lf-AN, a. Rendering thanks for favors. 
E-VAN-GEL'I€, ) a. [Low L. evangelicus.'] 1. Ac- 
E-VAN-GEL'T-€AL, | cording to the gospel ; consonant 
to the doctrines and precepts of the gospel. 2. Contained 
in the gospel. 3. Sound in the doctrines of the gospel ; 
orthodox. 

E-VAN-GEL'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a manner according to the 
gospel. 

E-VAN'GE-LT5SM, 71. The promulgation of the gospel. 

E- VAN'GEL-IST, 71. 1. A writer of the history of our 
blessed Savior, Jesus Christ. 2. A preacher of the gospel 
licensed to preach, but not having charge of a particular 
church. 

E-VAN'GE-LIST-A-RY, n. A selection of passages from 
the Gospels, as a lesson in divine service. 
EV-AN-GEL-I-ZA'TION, 71. The act of evangelizing. 
E-VAN'GEL-IZE, V. t. [Low L. evangeliio.'] To instruct in 
the gospel ; to preach the gospel to, and convert to a belief 
of tJie gospel. 

E-VAN'GEL-TZE, v. i. To preach the gospel. 
E-VAN'6EL-IZED, pp. Instructed in the gospel ; converted 
to a belief of the gospel, or to Christianity. 
E-VANR'iEL-lZ-ING, ppr. Instructing in the doctrines and 
precepts of the gospel ; converting to Christianity, 
t E-VAN'GEL-Y, 71. Good tidings ; the gospel. Spenser. 
E-VAN'ID, a. [1 j. evanidus.] Faint ; weak ; evanescent ; 
liable to vanish or disappear. Bacon. 


E-VAN/ISH, 77. i. [L. cvancsco.'] To vanish ; to disappear; 

to escape from sight or perception. 

E-V^AX'ISH-MENT, 71. A vanishing ; disappearance. 
E-VAP'O-RA-BLE, a. That may be converted into vapor ; 

that may be dissipated by evaporation. 

E-VAP'O-RATE, 77. 7. [L. evaporo.^ 1. To pass off in va- 
por, as a fluid ; to escape and be dissipated. 2. To escape 
or pass oft' without eft'ect ; to be dissipated ; to be wasted. 
E-VAP'O-RATE, 77. t. 1. To convert or resolve a fluid into 
vapor, which is specifically lighter than the air ; to dissi- 
pate in fumes, steam, or minute particles. '2. To give 
vent to ; to pour out in words or sound. 

E-VAP^O-RATE, a. Dispersed in vapors. 
E-VAP'O-RA-TED, jrp. Converted into vapor or steam 
and dissipated ; dissipated in insensible particles, as a 
fluid. 

F VAP'O-RA-TING, ppr. Resolving into vapor. 
E-VAP-O-RA'TION, n. 1. The conversion of a fluid into 
vapor. 2. The act of flying olf in fumes ; vent ; dis- 
charge. — 3. In pharmacy, the operation of drawing off a 
portion of a fluid in steam, that the remainder may be of 
a greater consistence, or more concentrated. 
E-VAP-O-ROM'E-TER, 71. [L. evaporo, and Gr. perpov.] 
An instrument for ascertaining the quantity of a liuid 
evaporated in a given time ; an atmometer. 

E-VA'SIOxV, 71 . [L. evasio.] The act of eluding or avoiding ; 
excuse ; subterfuge ; equivocation ; artifice to elude ; 
shift. 

E-VA'SIVE, a. L Using evasion or artifice to avoid ; elu- 
sive ; shuffling ; equivocating. 2. Containing evasion ; 
artfully contrived to elude a question, charge or argu- 
ment, 

E-VA'SIVE-LY", adv. By evasion or subterfuge ; elusivcly ; 

in a manner to avoid a direct reply or a charge. 
E-VA^SIVE-NE?i?j The quality or state of being evasive. 
EVE, 71 . The consort of Adam, and mother of the human 
race ; so called by Adam, because she was the mother of 
all living. 

E-VE€'T10N, 71. [L. eveho.] A carrying out or away ; also, 
a lifting or extolling ; exaltation. Fearson. 
e'VEN, (e'vn) or EVE, n. [Sax. ufen, efen.] ]. The de- 
cline of the sun ; the latter part or close of the day, and 
beginning of the night. Shah. 2. Eve is used also for the 
_ fast or the evening before a holiday. Johnson. 
E'VEN-SONG, 71. 1. A song for the evening ; a form of 
_ worship jor the evening. 2. The evening. 

E'VEN-TiDE, 71. [even, and Sax. tid.] The time of evening ; 

evening. 'Fhis word is nearly obsolete. 

E'VEN, (e'vn) a. [Sax. efenj h.evcn.] 1. Level ; smooth; 
of an equal surface ; flat ; not rough or waving. 2. Uni- 
form ; equal ; calm ; not easily ruffled or disturbed, ele- 
vated or depressed. 3. Level with ; parallel to. 4. Not 
leaning. 5. Equally favorable ; on a level in advantage ; 
fair. 6. Owing nothing on either side ; having accounts 
balanced. 7. Settled ; balanced. 8. Eiqual. 9. Capable 
_ of being divided into equal parts, without a remainder. 
E'VEN, (e'vn) v.t. 1. To make even or level ; to level ; to 
lay smooth. 2. To place in an equal state, as to obliga- 
tion, or in a state in which nothing is due on either side ; 
to balance accounts. 
t_E'VEN, V. i. J'o be equal to. Carew. 

E'VEN, (e'vn) adv. 1. Noting a level or equality ; cr, em- 
phatically, a like manner or degree. 2. Noting equality 
or sameness of time ; hence, emphatically, the very time. 
3. Noting, identity of person. 4. Likewise; 

in like, manner. 5. So much as. 6. Noting the applica- 
tion of something to that which is less probably included 
in the phrase ; or bringing something within a description, 
which is unexpected. 

■{^E-VeNE', v.i. [L. evenio.] To happen, Hewyt. 
e'VENED, pp. Made even or level. 
e'VEN-ER, n. One that makes even. 

E'VEN-IIAND, n. Equality. Bacon. 

E'VEN-HAND-ED, a. Impartial ; equitable ; just. Shah. 
e'VEN-ING, 77. 1. The latter part and close of the day, and 
the beginning of darkness or night ; properly, the decline 
or fall of the day, or of tlie sun. 2. The decline or latter 
part of life. 3. The decline of any thing. 
e'VEN-ING, a. Being at the close of day. 
E'VEN-ING-HYMN, \ n. A hymn or song to be sung at 
e'VEN-ING-SONG, ) evening. 

e'VEN-ING-STAR, 77. Hesperus, or Vesper ; Venus, when 
_ visible in the evening. 

E'VEN-LY, (e'vn-ly) adv. 1. With an even, level or 
smooth surface ; without roughness. 2. Equally ; uni- 
formly ; in an equipoise. 3. In a level position ; hori- 
zontally. 4. Impartially ; without bias from favor or 
enmity. 

e'VEN-NESS, 77. 1. The state of being even, level or 
smooth; equality of surface. 2. Uniformity; regularity. 
3. Freedom from inclination to either side ; equal dis- 
tance from either extreme. 4. Horizontal position ; level- 
ness of surface. 5. Impartiality between parties ; equal 
respect. 6. Calmness ; equality of temper ; freedom from 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Til as in this, f Obsolete. 


312 


EVO 


EVI 

perturbation , a state of mind not subject to elevation or 
depression j equanimity. 

E-VEx\'r', 71. [L. evcntus.'\ 1. Thafr which comes, arrives 
or happens ; that which falls out; any incident, good or 
bad. 2. The consequence of any thing ; the issue; con- 
clusion ; end ; that in whicli an action, operation or series 
of operations terminates. 

t E-VENT', V. i. To break forth. 

E-VENT'ER-ATE, -y.t. [Fr. eventrer,] To open the bow- 
els ; to rip open ; to disembowel. Brown. 

E-VENT'ER-A-TED, pp. Having the bowels opened. 

E-VENT'ER-A-TING, ppr. Opening the bowels. 

E-VENT'FUL, a. Full of events or incidents ; producing 
numerous or great changes, either in public or private 
affairs, 

E-VEN'TT-LATE, v.t. To winnow ; to fan ; to discuss. 

E-VEN-TI-La'T10N, n. A fanning; discussion. 

E-VENT'U-AL, a. 1. Coming or Jiappening as a conse- 
quence or result of any thing ; consequential. 2. Final ; 
terminating ; ultimate. 

E-VENT'U-AL-L V, ado. In the event ; in the final issue. 

E-VENT'U-ATE, v. i. To issue ; to come to an end ; to 
close ; to terminate. J. Lloyd. 

E-VENT'U-A-TING, ppr. Issuing; terminating. 

EV'ER, ado. [Sax. w/re, efre.] 1. At any time; at any 
period or point of lime, past or future. 2. At all times ; 
always ; continually. — 3. Forever^ eternally ; to perpetu- 
ity ; during everlasting continuance. — 4. Ever and anon, 
at one time and another; now and then. 5. In any de- 
gree. 6. A word of enforcement or emphasis. 7. In 770- 
etry, and sometimes in jrrose, ever is contracted into e^er. 

EV-ER-BUB'BLING, a. Continually boiling or bubbling. 
Crashaw. 

EV-ER-BURN'ING, a. Burning continually or without in- 
termission ; never extinct. 

EV-ER-DuR'lNG, a. Enduring forever. Raleigh. 

EV'ER-GREEN, a. Always green ; verdant throughout the 
year. 

EV'ER-GREEN, n. A plant that retains its verdure through 
all the seasons. 

EV-ER-IION'ORED, a. Always honored. Pope. 

EV-ER-LAST'ING, <7. 1. Lasting or enduring for ever; 
eternal; continuing without end ; immortal. 2. Perpetu- 
al ; continuing indefinitely, or during the present state of 
things. — 3. In popular usage, endless ; continual ; unin- 
termitted. 

EV-ER-LAST'ING, n. 1. Eternity ; eternal duration, past 
and future. 2. A plant, the gnaphalium ; also, the xer- 
anthemum. 

EV-ER-LASTTNG-LY, adv. Eternally ; perpetually ; con- 
tinually. Swift. 

EV-ER-LAST'ING-NESS, n. Eternity ; endless duration ; 
indefinite duration. [Little used.] Donne. 

EV-ER-LAST'ING-PeA, n. A plant. 

EV-ER-LIV'ING, a. 1. Living without end ; eternal; im- 
mortal ; having eternal existence. 2. Continual ; inces- 
sant ; unintermitted. 

EV-ER-MoRE', adv. 1. Always; eternally. 2. Always; 
at all tunes. 

EV-ER-O'PEN, a. Always open ; never closed.' 

EV-ER-PLeAS'ING, a. Always pleasing ; ever giving de- 
light. Sidney. 

f E-VERSE', (e-vers') r. t. [E. eversus.'] To overthrow or 
subvert. Olanville. 

E-VER'SION, n. [L. eversio.} An overthrowing ; destruc- 
tion. Taylor. 

E-VERT', v.t. \1 j. everto.'] To overturn; to overthrow; 
to destroy. [Little used.] Ayliffe. 

EV-ER-WaK'ING, a. Always awake. 

EV-ER-WATCH'FUL, a. Always watching or vigilant. 

EV'ER-Y, a. [Old Eng. everich ; Sax. wfre and celc.] Each 
individual of a whole collection or aggregate number. 

EV'ER-Y-DaY, a. Used or being every day; common; 
usual. 

EV'ER-Y-'W''HERE, ado. In every place ; in all places. 

EV-ER-Y6UNG', a. Always young or fresh ; not subject 
to old age or decay ; undecaying. 

KVES'-DROP. See Eaves-drop. 

KVES'-DROP-PER, n. One who stands under the eaves to 
listen privately. See Eaves-dropper. 

t E-VES'TI-GATE, V. t. See Investigate. 

EV'ET. See Eft. 

t E-VT'BRATE. See Vibrate. 

E-VICT', V. t. [L. evinco, evictum.] 1. To dispossess by a 
judicial process, or course of legal proceedings ; to recover 
lands or tenements by law. 2. To take away by sen- 
tence of law. 3. To evince ; to prove ; [not used.] 

E- VICT'ED, pp. Dispossessed by sentence of law ; recov- 
ered by legal process. 

E-VICT'lAiG, jrpr. Dispossessing by course of law. 

E-VIC'TION, 71. 1. Dispossession by judicial sentence ; 
the recovery of lands or tenements from another’s posses- 
sion by due course of law. 2. Proof; conclusive evi- 
dence. I 


EV'I-DENCE, n. [Fr., from L. evidentia.] 1. That which 
elucidates, and enables the mind to see truth ; proof aris- 
ing from our own perceptions by the senses, or from the 
testimony of others, or from inductions of reason 2. Any 
instrument or writing which contains proof. 3. A wit- 
ness ; one who testifies to a fact. 

EV'I-DENCE, V. t. To elucidate ; to prove ; to make clear 
to the mind ; to show. 

EV'I-DENCED, pp. Made clear to the mind ; proved. 
EV'I-DEN-CING, ppr. Proving clearly ; manifesting. 
EV'l-DENT, a. Plain; open to be seen ; clear to the men- 
tal eye ; apparent ; manifest. 

EV-I-DEN'TIAL, a. Affording evidence; clearly proving. 
Scott. 

EV'I-DENT-LY, adv. Clearly; obviously; plainly; in a 
manner to be seen and understood ; in a manner to con- 
vince the mind ; certainly ; manifestly. 
E-VIG-I-LA'TION, n. [h, evigilatio.] Awaking. 

E'VIL, (e'vl) a. [Sax. efel, yfel.] 1. Having bad qualities 
of a natural kind ; mischievous; having qualities which 
tend to injury, or to produce mischief. 2. Having bad 
qualities of a moral kind ; wicked ; corrupt ; perverse ; 
wrong. 3. Unfortunate; unhappy; producing sorrow^ 

_ distress, injury or calamity. 

E'VIL, n. 1. Evil is natural or moral. — J\ratural evil is 
any thing which produces pain, distress, loss or calami- 
ty, or which in any way disturbs the peace, impairs 
the happiness, or destroys the perfection of natural be- 
ings . — Moral evil is any deviation of a moral agent froint 
the rules of conduct prescribed to him by God, or by legit- 
imate human authority. 2. Misfortune ; mischief ; in- 
jury. 3. Depravity; corruption of heart, or disposition to 
commit wickedness ; malignity. 4. Malady ; as the king^s 
_ evil, or scrofula. 

E'VIL, adv. [generally contracted to ill.] 1. Not well; 
net with justice or propriety ; unsuitably. 2. Not virtu- 
ously ; not innocently. 3. Not happily ; unfortunately. 

_ Deut. 4. Injuriously ; not kindly. 
e'VIL-AF-FE€T'ED, a. Not well disposed; unkind. 
E'VIL-DC'ER, 71. One who does evil ; one who commits- 
sin, crime or any moral wrong. 

E'VTL-IiYED, a. Looking with an evil eye, or with envy, 

_ jealousy or bad design. 

E'VIL-Fa'VORED, a. Having a bad countenance or exter- 
nal appearance ; ill-favored. 

E'VIL-Fa'VORED-NESS, 71. Deformity. Deut. 

E'VIL-LY, adv. Not well. [Little used.] Bp. Taijlor. 
E'VIL-MiND'ED, a. Having evil dispositions or intentions ; 

disposed to mischief or sin; malicious; malignant; 

_ wicked. 

E'VIL-NE^, n. Badness ; vicioueness ; malignity. 
E'VIL-SPeAK'ING, 71. Slander ; defamation ; calumny ; 

PPTIQA'l'irk11C2|'| PQC3 

e'VIL-VVISH'ING, rt. Wishing harm to. Sidney. 
E'VIL-WoRK'ER, n. One who does wickedness. 
E-VINCE', (e-vins') v. t. [L. C7;mco.] 1. To show in 
clear manner ; to prove beyond any reasonable doubt ; to 
manifest ; to make evident. 2. To conquer ; [7iot m use.] 
E-VINCE', v. i. To prove. Bp. Hall. 

E-VIN'CED, (e-vinst') pp. Made evident ; proved. 
E-VIN'Cl-BLE, a. Capable of proof ; demonstrable. 
E-VIN'CI-BLY, adv. In a manner to force conviction. 
E-VIN'ClVE, a. Tending to prove ; having the power to 
demonstrate. 

I E'VI-RATE, or EV'I-RATE, v. t. [L. eviratus.] To 
emasculate. 

EV-T-Ra'T10N, 71. Castration. Cockermn. 

E-VIS'CER-ATE, V. t. [L. eviscero.] To embowel or dis- 
embowel ; to take out the entrails ; to searcli the bowels. 
E-VIS'CER-A-TED, pp. Deprived of the bowels. 
E-VIS'CER-A-TING, ppr. Disemboweling. 

EV'I-TA-BLE, a. [L. evitabilis.] That may be shunned ; 

avoidable. [Little used.] Hooker. 

EV'I-TATE, V. t. [L. evito.] To shun; to avoid; to 
escape. [Little used.] Shak. 

EV-I-Ta'TION, 7». Anarv'oiding; a shunning. Bacon. 

I E-VTTE', V. t. [L. evito.] To shun. Dru7jto7i. 
EV-I-TER'NAL, a. [L. ceviternus.] Eternal in a limited 
sense ; of duration not infinitely but indefinitely long. 
EV-I-TER'NI-TY, n. Duration not infinitely but indefi- 
nitely long. 

EV'O-CATE, or E-VoKE', v. t. [L. evoco.] 1. To call 
forth. 2. To call from one tribunal to another ; to remove. 
EV-O-Ca'TION, n. A calling forth ; a calling from one tri- 
bunal to another. 

EV-O-La'TION, 71. [L. evolo.] The act of fiying away. 
Bp. Hall. 

EV'O-LUTE, 71. An original curve from which another 
curve is described ; the origin of the evolvent. 
EV-0 -Lu'T10N, 71. [L. evoitLtio.] 1. The act of unfold- 
ing. 2. A^series of things unrolled or unfolded. 3. In . 
geo7netry, the unfolding or opening of a curve, and mak- 
ing it describe an evolvent. — 4. In algebra, evolutio7i is 
the extraction of roots from powers ; the reverse of mvo- 


* See Synopsis, A, E, I, O, U, V, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PR£IY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete, 


EXA 


313 


bltion*-^5^ In military tactics, the doubling of ranks or 
tiles, wheeling, countermarching, or other motion by 
which the disposition of troops is changed. 

E-VOLVE', (e-volv') v. t. [L. evolvo.] 1 . To unfold j to 
open and expand. 2 . To throw out ; to emit. 

E-VOLVE', V. i. To open itself ; to disclose itself. 

E-VOLV ED, (e-volvd') pp. Unfolded 3 opened 3 expanded 3 
emitted. 

E-VOLV'EXT, 71 . In geometry, a curve formed by the evo- 
lution of another curve. 

E-VOLV'irs'G, ppr. Unfolding 3 expanding 3 emitting. 

EV- 0 -MI"T 10 N, 71 . A vomiting. Swift. 

E-VUL’GATE, v. t. [L. emdgo.'\ To spread abroad. 

I EV-UL-GA'TION, n. A divulging. 

E-VUL'SION, 7/. [L. eri/Zsto.] The act of plucking or pull- 
ing out by force. Brown. 

EWE, (yu) n. [Sax. eowa, eowe.] A female sheep 3 the fe- 
male of the ovine race of animals. 

EW'ER, (yu'er) n. [Sax. huer, or hwer.] A kind of pitcher, 
used to bring water for washing the hands. 

EW'RY, (yu ry) n. In England, an office in the king’s 
household, where they fake care of the linen for tlie 
king’s table, lay the cloth, and serve up water in ewers 
after dinner. 

EX. A Latin preposition or prefix, Greek or tK, signifying 
out of, out, proceeding from. Hence, in composition, it 
signifies sometimes out of, as in exclude ,* sometimes off, 
from or out, as in L. excindo, to cut oft' Or out 3 sometimes 
beyond, as in excess, excel. In some words it is merely 
emphatical 3 in others it has little eftect on the significa- 
tion. 

^ EX-A-CERB'ATE, 71 . t. [L. exacerbo.'] 1 . To irritate 3 to 
exasperate 3 to inftame angry passions 3 to imbitterj to in- 
crease malignant qualities. 2 . To increase the violence 
of a disease. 

EX-AC-ER-Ba^TION, 71 . 1 . The act of exasperating 3 the 
irritation of angry or malignant passions or qualities 3 in- 
crease of malignity. — 2 . Among physicians, the increased 
violence of a disease 3 a paroxysm. 3 . Increased severity. 

EX-AC-ER-BESUENCE, n. [L. exacerbesco.] Increase of 
irritation or violence of a fever or disease. 

EX-AC-ER-Va'TION, 71 . [L. acervus.'] The act of heaping 
up. Diet. 

EX-AGT', (egz-akt') a. [L. exactus.'] I. Closely correct or 
regular 5 nice 3 accurate ; conformed to rule. 2 . Precise 3 
not different in the least. 3 . Methodical 3 careful 3 not 
negligent 3 correct 3 observing strict method, rule or order. 
4 . Punctual. 5 . Strict. 

EX-AGT', (egz-akf) v. t. [L. exigo, exactum.] 1 . To 
force or compel to pay or yield 3 to demand or require au- 
thoritatively 3 to extort by means of authority. 2 . To de- 
mand of right. 3 . To demand of necessity 3 to enforce a 
yielding or compliance 3 or to enjoin with pressing ur- 
gency. 

EX- ACT', V. i. To practice extortion. 

EX-A€T'ED, pp. Demanded by authority 3 extorted. 

EX-AGTHNG, ppr. Demanding and compelling 3 requiring 
authoritatively 3 extorting 3 compelling by necessity. 

EX-A€'TION, 71 . I. The act of demanding with authority, 
and compelling to pay or yield 3 authoritative demand 3 a 
levying or drawing from by force 3 a driving to compli- 
ance. 2 . Extortion 3 a wresting from one unjustly. 3 . 
That which is exacted 3 tribute, fees, rewards or contribu- 
tions demanded or levied with severity or injustice. 

EX-AGT'I-TUDE, n. Exactness. [Little used.] 

EX-AGT'LY, ac?y. 1 . Precisely according to rule or meas- 
ure 5 nicely 3 accurately. 2 . Precisely according to fact. 
3 . Precisely according to principle, justice or right. 

EX-ACT'XESS, n. 1 . Accuracy 3 nicety 3 precision. 2 . 
Regularity 3 careful conformity to law or rules of proprie- 
ty. 3 . Careful observance of method and conformity to 
truth. 

EX-ACT'OR, 77. I. One who exacts 3 an officer who collects 
tribute, taxes or customs. 2 . An extortioner 3 one who 
compels another to pay more than is legal or reasonable. 
3 . He that demands by authority. 4 . One who is unrea- 
sonably severe in his demands. Tillotson. 

EX-A€T'RESS, n. A female who exacts. B. Jonson. 

f EX-AC'U-ATE, V. t. [L. cxacuo.] To whet or sharpen. 

EX-AG-U-a'TION, 77. Whetting or sharpening. Cockeram. 

EX-AG^GER-ATE, V. t. [L. exaggero.] 1 . To heap on 3 
to accumulate. 2 . To heighten 3 to enlarge beyond the 
truth 3 to amplify 3 to represent as greater than strict truth 
will warrant. — 3 . In painting, to heighten in coloring or 
design. 

EX-AG'6ER-A-TED, pp. Enlarged beyond the truth. 

EX-AG'GER-A-TING, ppr. Enlarging or amplifying be- 
yond the truth. 

EX-AG-GER-a'TIOX, n. 1 . A heaping together 3 heap 3 
accumulation 3 [little used.] — 2 . In rhetoric, amplifica- 
tion 3 a representation of things beyond the truth 3 hyper- 
bolical representation, whether of good or evil. — 3 . In 
painting, a method of giving a representation of things 
too strong for the life. 


EXA 

# 

EX-AG'GER-A-TO-RY, a. Containing exaggeration. 

I EX-AG' 1 -TATE, V. t. [L. exagito.] To shake 3 to agitate } 
to reproach, jirbuthnot. 

EX-ALT', (egz-olt') v. t. [Fr. exalter.] 1 . To raise high 3 
to elevate. 2 . To elevate in power, wealth, rank or dig- 
nity. 3 . To elevate with joy or confidence. 4. To raise 
with pride 3 to make undue pretensions to power, rank or 
estimation 3 to elevate too high, or above others. 5 . To el- 
evate in estimation and praise 3 to magnify 3 to praise 3 to 
extol. 6. To raise, as the voice 3 to raise in opposition. 
7 . To elevate in diction or sentiment 3 to make sublime. 
— 8. In jxhysics, to elevate 3 to purify 3 to subtilize 3 tore- 
fine. 

EX-AL-Ta'TION, n. 1 . The act of raising high. 2 . Ele- 
vation to power, office, rank, dignity or excellence. 3. 
Elevated state 3 state of greatness or dignity. — 4 . In phar- 
macy, the refinement or subtilization of bodies or their 
qualities and virtues, or the increase of their strength. — 
5 . In astrology, the dignity of a planet in which its pow- 
ers are increased. 

EX-ALT'ED, pp. and a. Raised to a lofty height 3 elevated 3 
honored with office or rank 3 extolled 3 magnified 3 refin- 
ed 3 dignified 3 sublime. 

EX-AL 3 ’'ED-NESS, 77. 1 . The state of being elevated. 
2 . Conceited dignity or greatness. 

EX-ALT' ER, 77. One who exalts or raises to dignity. 

EX-ALT'ING, ppr. Elevating 3 raising to an eminent sta- 
tion 5 praising 3 extolling 3 magnifying 3 refining. 

EX-a'MEN, (egz-a'men) 77. [L. examen.] Examination 3 
disquisition 3 inquiry. [Little wsctZ.] Brown. 

EX-AM'IN-A-BLE, a. That may be examined 3 proper for 
judicial examination or inquiry. 

EX-AM'I-NANT, n. One who is to be examined. 

EX-AM'I-NATE, n. The person examined. Bacon. 

EX-AM-I-Na'TION, 77. [L. examinatio.] 1 . The act of 
examining 3 a careful search or inquiry, with a view to 
discover truth or tJie real state of things 3 careful and ac- 
curate inspection of a thing and its parts. 2 . Mental in- 
quiry 3 disquisition 3 careful consideration of the circum- 
stances or facts which relate to a subject or question. 3. 
Trial by a rule or law. — 4 . Injudicial proceedings, a care- 
ful inquiry into facts by testimony. — 5. In seminaries of 

. learning, an inquiry into the acquisitions of the students. 
— 6. In chemistry and other sciences, a searching for the 
nature and qualities of substances by experiments. 

t EX-AM'I-NA-TOR, 77. An examiner. Brown. 

EX-AM'lNE, (egz-am'in) v. t. [L. examino.] 1 . To in- 
spect carefully, with a view to discover truth or the real 
state of a thing. 2 . To search or inquire into facts and 
circumstances by interrogating. 3 . To look into the state 
of a subject 3 to view in all its aspects 3 to weigh argu- 
ments and compare facts, with a view to form a correct 
opinion or judgment. 4 . To inquire into the improve- 
ments or qualifications of students, by interrogatories, 
proposing problems, or by hearing their recitals. 5 . To 
try or assay by experiments. 6. 7 ’o try by a rule or law. 
7 . In general, to search 3 to scrutinize 3 to explore, with a 
view to discover truth. 

EX-AM'INED, pp. Inquired into 3 searched 3 inspected 5 
interrogated 5 tried by experiment. 

EX-AM'IN-ER, 77. 1 . One who examines, tries or inspects 3 
one who interrogates a witness or an offender. — 2. In 
chancery, in Great Britain, the examiners are two offi- 
cers of that court, who examine, on oath, the witnesses 
for the parties. 

EX-AM'IN-ING, ppr. Inspecting carefully 3 searching or 
inquiring into 3 interrogating 5 trying or assaying by ex- 
periment. 

EX'AM-PLA-RY, a. Serving for example 3 proposed for 
imitation. [It is now written exemplary.] Hooker. 

EX-AM'PLE, (egz-am'pl) n. [L. exemplum.] 1. A pat- 
tern 3 a copy 3 a model 3 that which is proposed to be imi- 
tated. 2 . A pattern, in morals or manners 3 a copy or 
model. 3 . Precedent 3 a former instance. 4 . Precedent 
or former instance, in a bad sense, intended for caution. 
5 . A person fit to be proposed for a pattern 3 one whose 
conduct is worthy of imitation. 6. Precedent which dis- 
poses to imitation. 7 . Instance serving for illustration of a 
rule or precept 3 ora particular case or proposition illustrat- 
ing a general rule, position or truth. — 8. In logic or rheto- 
ric, the conclusion of one singular point from another 3 an 
induction of what may happen from what has happened. 

f EX-AM'PLE, V. t. To exemplify 3 to set an example. 

t EX-AM'PLE-LESS, a. Having no example. B. Johnson. 

EX-AM'PLER, 77. A pattern 3 now sample or sampler. 

t EX-AN'GUI-OUS, a. Having no blood. See Exsanguious. 

EX-AN'I-MATE, (egz-an 'e-mate) a. [L. exanimatus.] 
Lifeless 5 spiritless 3 disheartened 3 depressed in spirits. 

EX-AN'I-MATE, v. t. To dishearten 3 to discourage. 

EX-AN-I-Ma'TION, 77. Deprivation of life or of spirits. 

EX-AN'I-MOUS, a. [L. exanimis.] Lifeless 3 dead. 

EX-AN'THE-MA, 71 . j plu. Exanthem'ata. Among phy- 
sicians, eruption 3 a breaking out 3 pustules, petechiaB or 
vibices 3 any efflorescence on the skin. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 3 — BULL, UNITE. — C as K 3 G as J 5 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


EXC 


314 


EXC 


EX-AN-THE-MAT'I€, ? a. Eruptive ; efflorescent ; not- 
EX-AN-THEM'A-TOUS, ) iiig morbid redness of the skin, 
t EX-ANT'LATE, v. t. [L. exantlo.'] To draw out. 

^ EX-ANT-La'TION, n. The act of drawing out. 
EX-AR-a^T 10 N, 11. [L. exaro.^ The act of writing. 
EX'AR€H, n, [Gr. A prefect or governor under 

the eastern emperors. Also, a deputy or legate in the 
Greek church. 

EX'AR-€HATE, n. The office, dignity or administration of 
an exarch. Taylor. 

EX-AR-T1€-U-La''JTON, n. Dislocation of a joint. 
EX-AS'PER-ATE, v. t. [L. exaspero.'] 1 . To anger ; to 
irritate to a high degree j to provoke to rage ; to enrage 3 to 
excite anger, or to inilame it to an extreme degree. 2 . To 
aggravate 3 to imbitter. 3 . To augment violence 3 to in- 
crease malignity 3 to exacerbate. 

EX-ASTER-ATE, a. Provoked 3 imbittered 3 inflamed. 
EX-AS'PER-A-TED, p/>. Highly angered or irritated 3 pro- 
voked 3 enraged 3 imbittered. 

EX-AS'PER-A-TER, n. One who exasperates or inflames 
anger, enmity or violence. 

EX-A.S'PER-A-TING, ppr. Exciting keen resentment 3 
inflaming anger 3 irritating 3 increasing violence. 
EX-AS-PER-a'TION, n. 1 . Irritation 3 the act of exciting 
violent anger 3 provocation. 2 . Extreme degree of anger 3 
violent passion. 3 . Increase of violence or malignity 3 
exacerbation. 

EX-AU€'TO-RATE; \ t. [L. cxauctoro.] To dismiss 
EX-AtJ'TH‘ 0 -RATE, ^ from service 3 to deprive of a 
bcDcficc. 

EX-AU€-TO-Ra'TION, 1 71 . Dismission from service 3 de- 
EX-AU-THO-Ra'TION, ) privation 3 degradation. 
EX-AU'THO-RIZE, v. t. To deprive of authority. 
EX-€AL'CE-A-TED, a. [L. excalceo.'] Deprived of shoes 3 
unshod 3 barefooted. 

EX-€AN-DES'CENCEj n. [L. excandesccntia.] 1 . A grow- 
ing hot 3 or a white heat 3 glowing heat. 2 . Heat of 
passion 3 violent anger 3 or a growing angry. 
EX-GAN-DES'CENTj a. White with heat. 
EX-€AN-TA'TION, n. [L. excaiito.] Disenchantment by 
a countercharm. [Little used.] 

EX-€AR'NATE, v. t. [L. ex and caro.j To deprive or clear 
of flesh. Grew. 

EX-€AR-NI-FI-€a^TION, n. [L. excarnijico.] The act 
of cutting off flesh, or of depriving of flesh. 
EX'€A-VATE, V. t. [L. excavo.] To hollow 3 to cut, 
scoop, dig or wear out the inner part of any thing, and 
ntake it hollow. 

EX'CA-VA-TED, pp. Hollowed 3 made hollow. 
EX'€A-VA-TING, ppr. Making hollow. 

EX-€A-Va'TION, n. 1 . The act of making hollow. 2 . A 
hollow or a cavity formed by removing the interior sub- 
stance. 

EX'€A-VA-TOR, n. One who excavates. 

I EX-€AVE^, V‘ t. To hollow. Cockeram.. 

I EX'CE-GATE, v, t. [L. excceco.] To make blind. 
EX-CE-€a^TION, 71 . The act of making blind. 
EX-Ce'DENT, 71 . Excess. [JVbt authorized.] 

EX-CEED', V. t. [L. exccdo.] 1 . To pass or go beyond 3 to 
proceed beyond any given or supposed limit, measure or 
quantity, or beyond any thing else. 2 . To surpass 3 to 
excel. 

EX-CEED', V. i. 1 . To go too far 3 to pass the proper bounds 3 
to go over any given limit, number or measure. 2 . To 
bear the greater proportion 3 to be more or larger. 
EX-CEED' A-BLE, a. That may surmount or exceed. 
EX-CEED'ED, pp. Excelled 5 surpassed ; outdone. 
EX-CEED'ER, n. One who exceeds or passes the bounds of 
fitness. Montagu. 

EX-CEED'ING, “ppr. 1 . Going beyond 5 surpassing 3 excel- 
ling 3 outdoing. 2 . a. Great in extent, quantity or dura- 
tion. 3 . adv. In a very great degree 5 unusually. 
EX-CEED'ING, tj. Excess 3 superfluity. Smollett. 
EX-CEED'ING-LY, adv. To a very great degree 5 in a de- 
gree beyond what is usual 3 greatly 3 very much, 
f EX-CEED'ING-NESS, 71. Greatness in quantity, extent, 
or duration. 

EX-CEL', V. t. [L. excello.] 1 . To go beyond 3 to exceed 3 
to surpass in good qualities or laudable deeds 3 to outdo. 
2 . To exceed or go beyond in bad qualities or deeds. 3 . 
To exceed 3 to surpass. 

EX-CEL', V. i. To have good qualities, or to perform meri- 
torious actions, in an unusual degree 3 to be eminent, il- 
lustrious or distinguished. 

EX-CELL'EI), (ek-seld‘) pp. Surpassed 5 outdone. 
EX'CEL-LENCE, ) n. [Fr. 5 L. eicellentia.] 1 . The state of 
EX'CEL-LEN-CY, i possessing good qualities in an un- 
usual or eminent degree 5 the state of excelling in any 
thing. . 2 . Any valuable quality 3 any thing highly 
laudable, meritorious or virtuous, in persons, or valuable 
and esteemed, in things. 3 . Dignity 3 high rank in the 
scale of beings. 4 . A title of honor formerly given to 
kings and emperors, now given to embassadors, govern- 
ors, and other persons, below the rank of kings. 


EX'CEL-LENT, a. 1 . Being of great virtue or worth 3 emi- 
nent or distinguished for what is amiable, valuable or laud- 
able. 2 . Being of great value or use, appllied to things-, 
remarkable for good properties. 3 . Distinguished for su- 
perior attainments. 4 . Consummate 3 complete. 

EX'CEL-LEXT-LY, adv. In an excellent manner 3 well 
in a high degree ; in an eminent degree. 

EX-CEPT', V. t. [Fr. exceptor.] 1 . To take or leave out of 
any number specified 3 to exclude. 2 . To take or leave out 
any particular or particulars, from a general description. 

EX-CEPT', V. i. To object 3 to make objection. 

EX-CEPT', jip. [contracted from excepted.] Taken out 3 not 
included. All were involved in this affair, except one, 
that is, one excepted, the case absolute, or independent 
clause. It is equivalent to without, unless, and denotes 
exclusion . — Except and excepting are commonly, though 
incorrectly, classed Vimemg prepositions. 

EX-CEPT'ED, pp. See Except. 

EX-CEPTHNG, ppr. 1 . Taking or leaving out 3 excluding. 
2 . This word is also used in the sense of except, as above 
explained. The prisoners were all condemned, excepting 
three. 

EX-CEP'TION, 71 . 1 . The act of excepting, or excluding 
from a number designated, or from a description 3 exclu- 
sion. 2 . Exclusion from what is comprehended in a gen- 
eral rule or proposition. 3 . That which is excepted, ex- 
cluded, or separated from others in a general description 3 
the person or thing specified as distinct or not included. 
4 . An objection 3 that which is or may be offered in oppo- 
sition to a rule, proposition, statement or allegation 3 with 
to. 5 . Objection with dislike 3 ofiense 5 slight anger or 
resentment. — 6. In law, the denial of what is alledged and 
considered as valid by the other party, either in point of 
law or in pleading. 7 . A saving clause in a writing. — 
Bill of exceptions, in law, is a statement of exceptions to 
evidence. 

EX-CEP'TION-A-BLE, a. Liable to objection. 

EX-CEP'TION -ER, n. One who makes objections. Milton. 

EX-CEP'TIOUS, a. Peevish 3 disposed or apt to cavil. 

EX-CEP'TIOUS-NESS, n. Disposition to cavil. 

EX-CEPT'IVE, a. 1 . Including an exception. Watts. 2 . 
Making or being an exception. Milton. 

fEX-CEPT'LESS, a. Omitting all exception. Shale. 

EX-CEPT'OR, n. One who objects, or makes exceptions. 

EX-CERN', V. t. [L. excerno.] To separate and emit 
through the pores, or through small passages of the body 3 
to strain out 3 to excrete. 

EX-CERN'ED, (ek-sernd') pp. Separated 3 excreted 3 emit- 
ted through the capillary vessels of the body. 

EX-CERN'ING, ppr. Emitting through the small passages ; 
excreting. 

EX-CERP', V. t. [L. excerpo.] To pick out. [Little wset?.] 

t EX-CERPT', V. t. [L. excerpo.] To select. Barnard. 

EX-CERP'TION, n. [L. ezeerptio.] 1 . A picking out 3 a 
gleaning 5 selection. 2 . That which is selected. 

EX-CERP'TOR, n. A picker 3 a culler. Barnard. 

EX-CERPTS', 71 . Extracts from authors. [A had word.] 

EX-CESS', n. [L. excesses.] 1 . Superfluity 3 that which is 
beyond necessity or wants. 2. That which is beyond 
the common measure, proportion, or due quantity. 3 . Su- 
perabundance of any thing. 4 . Any transgression of due 
limits. — 5 . In morals, any indulgence of appetite, passion 
or exertion, beyond the rules of God’s word, or beyond 
any rule of propriety 3 intemperance. — 6. In arithmetic 
and geometry, the difference between any two unequal 
numbers or quantities. 

EX-CESS'IVE, a. 1. Beyond any given degree, measure or 
limit, or beyond the common measure or proportion. 2. 
Beyond the established laws of morality and religion, or 
beyond the bounds of justice, fitness, propriety, “expedi- 
ence or utility. 3 . Extravagant 3 unreasonable. 4. Ve- 
hement 3 violent. 

EX-CESS'IVE-LY, adv. 1 . In an extreme degree 5 beyond 
measure 3 exceedingly. 2 . Vehemently 5 violently. 

EX-CESS'IV^E-NESS, n. The state or quality of being ex- 
cessive 5 excess. 

EX-CHaNGE', V. t. [Fr. echanger.] L In commerce, to 
give one thing or commodity for another 5 to barter. 2. 
To lay aside, quit or resign one thing, state or condition, 
and take another in the place of it. 3 . To give and re- 
ceive reciprocally : to give and receive in compensation 
the same thing. 4 . To give and receive the like thing. 

EX-CHaNGE', 71 . 1 . In commerce, the act of giving one 
thing or commodity for another 3 barter 5 traffick by per- 
mutation, in which the thing received is supposed to be 
equivalent to the thing given. 2 . The act of giving up or 
resigning one thing or state for another, without contract. 
3 . The act of giving and receiving reciprocally. 4. The 
contract by which one commodity is transferred to another 
for an equivalent commodity. 5 . The thing given in re- 
turn for something received, or the thing received in re- 
turn for what is given. 6. The form of exchanging one 
debt or credit for another 5 or the receiving or paying of 
money in one place, for an equal sum in another, by order, 


* See Synapsis. A, E, I, O, D, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WH^^T 5 — PREY 5 — PIN, MARINE, BIRD 5 — | Obsolete. 


EXC 


315 


draft or bill of exchange. — 7. In mercantile language, 
a bill drawn for money is called exchange, instead of a bill 
of exchange. 8. The course of exchange is the current 
price between two places, which is above or below par, 
or at par. — 9. In a mutual grant of equal interests, 
the one in consideration of the other. 10. The place 
where the merchants, brokers and bankers of a city meet 
to transact business, at certain hours j often contracted 
into chancre. 

EX-CHaN(5E-A-BIL'I-TY, 71 . The quality or state of be- 
ing ej^cliangeable. Washington. 

EX-CHaNOjE'A-BLE, a. That may be exchanged ; capable, 
fit, or proper to be exchanged. Marshall. 

EX-CHaJ\’ 6'ED, (ex-chaiijd') j)p. Given or received for 
something else ; bartered. 

EX-CHaNG'ER, 71. One who exchanges ; one who practices 
exchange. , 

EX-CHaNGTNG, p/»r. Giving and receiving one commod- 
ity for another ; giving and receiving mutually ; laying 
aside or relinquishing one thing or state for another. 

EX-CHEQ-'UER, (ex-chek'er) n. [Fr. ccliiquier.] In Eng- 
land, an ancient court of record, intended principally 
to collect and superintend the king’s debts and duties or 
revenues. — Exchequer bills, in England, bills for money, 
or promissory bills, issued from the exchequer. 

EX-CHECl'UER, v. t. To institute a process against a per- 
son in the court of exchequer. Pegge. 

EX-CiS'A-BLE, a. Liable or subject to excise. 

EX-CiSE', n. [L. excisutn.] An inland duty or impost, 
laid on commodities consumed, or on the retail, which is 
the last stage before consumption. 

EX-CISE', V. t. To lay or impose a duty on articles con- 
sumed. 

EX-CIS'ED, (ek-sizd') pp. Charged with the duty of excise. 

EX-CiSE'MAN, n. An officer who inspects commodities, 
and rates the excise duty on them. .Johnson. 

EX-CISRNG, ppr. Imposing the duty of excise. 

EX-CIS 'ION, n. [L. excisio.] 1. In surgery, a cutting out or 
cutting oft’ any part of the body ; amputation. 2. The cut- 
ting off of a person from his people; extirpation; destruction. 

EX-CT-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being capable of 
excitement; susceptibility of increased vital action. 

EX-CIT'A-BLE, a. Capable of being excited. 

EX-CIT'ANT, n. That which produces or may produce in- 
creased action in a living body ; a stimulant. 

jEX'CI-TATE, V. t. To excite. Bacon. 

JsX-CI-Ta'TION, n. The act of exciting or putting in mo- 
tion ; the act of rousing or awakening. 

EX-CIT'A-TiVE, a. Having power to excite. Barrow. 

EX-CIT'A-TO-RY, a. Tending to excite. Miller. 

EX-CITE', V. t. [L. excito.'] 1. To rouse ; to call into ac- 
tion ; to animate ; to stir up ; to cause to act. 2. To stim- 
ulate ; to give new or increased action to. 3. To raise ; 
to create ; to put in motion. 4. To rouse ; to inflame. 

EX-CIT'ED, pp. Roused ; awakened ; animated ; put in mo- 
tion ; stimulated ; inflamed. 

EX-CTTE'MENT, n. 1. The act of exciting; stimulation. 
2. The state of being roused into action. 3. Agitation ; 
a state of being roused into action. 4. That which ex- 
cites or rouses ; that which moves, stirs, or induces ac- 
tion; a motive. Shak. 

EX^IT'ER, 71. 1. He or that which excites ; he that puts 
in motion, or the cause which awakens and moves. — 2. In 
medicine, a stimulant. 

EX-CITTNG, 2W- trailing or rousing into action ; stimulat- 
ing. 

EX-CiT'ING, 71. Excitation. Herbert. 

EX-€LaIM', V. i. [L. exclamo.] 1. To utter the voice 
with vehemence ; to cry out ; to make a loud outcry in 
words. 2. To declare with loud vociferation. 

t EX-€L aIM', 77. Clamor; outcry. Shak. 

EX-CLA IM'ER, n. One who cries out with vehemence ; 
one who speaks with passion or much noise. 

EX-CLa1M'1NG, ppr. Crying out ; vociferating. 

EX-€LA-Ma'TION, 77. 1. Outcry; noisy talk; clamor. 2. 
yehement vociferation. 3. Emphatical utterance ; a ve- 
hement extension or elevation of voice ; eephonesis. 4. 
A note by which emphatical utterance or outcry is mark- 
ed : thus, ! — 5. In grammar, a word expressing outcry ; an 
interjection ; a word expressing some passion, as wonder, 
fear or grief. 

EX-€LAM'A-TO-RY, a. 1. Using exclamation. 2. Con- 
taining or expressing exclamation. 

EX-CLt3DE', V. t. [L. excludo.'\ Properly, to thrust out 
or eject; but used as synonymous with preclude. 1. To 
thrust out; to eject. 2. To hinder from entering or ad- 
mission ; to shut out. 3. To debar ; to hinder from par- 
ticipation or enjoyment. 4. To except. 

EX-CLuD'ED, pp. Thrust out ; shut out ; hindered or pro- 
hibited from entrance or admission ; debarred. 

EX-€LuD'ING, ppr. Ejecting; hindering from entering; 
debarring ; not comprehending. 

EX-€Lu'SION, 77. 1. The act of excluding ; ejection. 2. 
The act of denying admission ; a shutting out. 3. The ' 


EXC 

/ 

act of debarring. 4. Rejection. 5. Exception. 6. Ejec- 
tion. 

EX-€Ltj'SION-IST, n. One who would preclude another 
from some privilege. Foe. 

EX-CLu'SlVE, a. 1. Having the power of preventing en- 
trance. 2. Debarring from participation; possessed and 
enjoyed to the exclusion of others. 3. Not taking into 
the account ; not including or comprehending. 

EX-CLU'SIVE-LY, ado. 1. Without admission of others to 
participation ; with the exclusion of all others. 2. With- 
out comprehension in ; not inclusively. 

EX-€Lu'SO-R Y, a. Exclusive ; excluding ; able to ex- 
clude. [Little 775ed.] Walsh. 

f EX-GOGT', V. t. [L. excoctus.'\ To boil. Bacon. 

jsX-GOG'I-TATE, v. t. [L. excogito.] To invent; to strike 
out by thinking ; to contrive. Hale. 

EX-GOG-I-Ta'TION, 71. Invention ; contrivance ; the act 
of devising in the thoughts. 

EX-GOM'MIS-SA-RY, n. A commissary dismissed from 
office ; one formerly a commissary. 

t EX-GOM-MuNE', v. t. To exclude. Oayton. 

EX-GOM-MU'NI-GA-BLE, a. Liable or deserving to be ex- 
communicated. Hooker. 

EX-GOM-Mu'NI-GATE, v. t. [L. ex and comm^inico.J To 
expel from communion; to eject from the communion of 
the church. 

EX-GOM-Mu'NI-GATE, n. One who is excluded from the 
fellowship of the church ; one cut off from any advantage. 
CareiD. 

EX-GOM-Mu'NI-GA-TED, pp. Expelled or separated from 
communion with a church. 

EX-GOM-Mu'NI-GA-TING, ppr. Expelling from the com- 
munion of a church. 

EX-GOM-MU-NI-Ga'TION, 77. The act of ejecting from a 
church ; expulsion from the communion of a church, and 
deprivation of its rights, privileges and advantages. 

EX-G6'RI-ATE, V. t. [Low L. excorio.] To flay ; to strip 
or wear off the skin ; to abrade ; to gall ; to break and re- 
move the cuticle. 

EX-Go'RI-A-TED, pp. Flayed ; galled ; stripped of skin. 

EX-Go'RI-A-TING, ppr. Flaying; galling; stripping of the 
cuticle. 

EX-GO-RI-a'TION, 77. 1. The act of flaying, or the opera- 
tion of wearing off the skin or cuticle ; a galling ; abra-^ 
sion. 2. Plunder. 

EX-GOR-TI-Ga'TION, 77. [L. ex and cortex.] The act of 
stripping off bark. Coxe. 

EX'GRE-A-BLE, a. That may be discharged by spitting. 

EX'GRE-ATE, v. t. [L. excrco.] To hawk and spit. 

EX-GRE-a'TION, 77. A spitting out. 

EX'GRE-MENT, 77. [L. excrementum.] Matter excreted and 
ejected ; that which is discharged from the animal body 
after digestion ; alvine discharges. 

EX-GRE-MENT'AL, a. Excreted or ejected by the natural 
passages of the body. 

EX-GRE-MEN-TI"3TAL, a. Pertaining to excrement. 

EX-GRE-MEN-Ti"TIOUS, a. Pertaining to excrement ; 
containing excrement. Harvey. 

EX-GRES'GENGE, 77. [L. excrescens.] 1. In surgery, n pre- 
ternatural protuberance growing on any part of the body ; 
a superfluous part. 2. Any preternatural enlargement of 
a plant, like a wart or tumor. 3. A preternatural produc- 
tion. 

EX-GRES'GENT, a. Growing out of something else, in a 
preternatural manner ; superfluous. 

EX-GRkTE', V. t. [L. excretus.] To separate and throw 
off ; to discharge. 

EX-GRe'TION,~77. [L. excretio.] 1. A separation of some 
fluid from the blood, by means of the glands ; a throwing 
off or discharge of animal fluids from the body. 2. That 
which is excreted. 

EX'GRE-TiVE, a. Having the power of separating and 
ejecting fluid matter from the body. 

EX'GRE-TO-RY, a. Having the quality of excreting or 
throwing off excrementitious matter by the glands. 

EX'GRE-TO-RY, n. A little duct or vessel, destined to re- 
ceive secreted fluids, and to excrete them ; also, a secre- 
tory vessel. 

EX-GRU'GIA-BLE, a. Liable to torment. 

EX-GRu'GTATE, v. t. [L. excriLcio.] To torture ; to tor- 
ment ; to inflict most severe pain on. 

EX-GRU'CIA-TED, pp. Tortured ; racked ; tormented. 

EX-GRU'GIA-TING, ppr. I. Torturing ; tormenting; put- 
ting to most severe pain. 2. a. Extremely painful ; dis- 
tressing. 

EX-GRU-GI-a'TION, 77. Torment; vexation. Feltham. 

EX-GU-Ba'TION, 77. The act of watching all night. 

EX-GUL'PATE, V. t. [It. scolpare ; L. ex and culpo.] To 
clear by words from a charge or imputation of fault or 
llllilt * to 0XCUSG* 

EX-GUL'PA-BLE* a. Capable of being cleared from the 
imputation of blame or fault. Sir O. Buck. 

EX-€UL'PA-TED, pp. Cleared by words from the imputa- 
tion of fault or guilt. 


* Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


EXE 316 EXE 


EX-CUL'PA-TING, ppr. Clearing by words from the charge 
of fault or crime. 

KX-CCL-Pa'TION, n. The act of vindicating from a charge 
of fault or crime ; excuse. 

EX-GIJL'PA-TO -R^, a. Able to clear from the charge of 
fault or guilt ; excusing ; containing excuse. 

EX-CtJR'SlON, 71. [L. excursio.'\ 1. A rambling ; a deviat- 
ing from a stated or settled path. 2. Progression beyond 
fixed limits. 3. Digression ; a wandering from a subject 
or main design. 4. An expedition or journey ; any 
rambling from a point or place, and return to the same 
point or place. 

EX-€UR'S1VE, a. Rambling; wandering; deviating. 

EX-€DR'SIVE-LY, adv. In a wandering manner. 

EX-€UR'S1VE-NESS, n. The act of wandering or of pass- 
ing usual limits. 

EX-CO'S A-BLE, a. 1. That maybe excused; pardonable. 
2. Admitting of excuse or justification. 

EX-€’0'SA-BLE-NESS, ??. The state of being excusable; 
pardonableness ; the quality of admitting of excuse. 

EX-CC-Sa'TION, 71. Excuse; apology. {Little used.'] 

EX-CU-Sa'TOR, n. One who makes an excuse. 

EX-CO'SA-TO-RY, a. Making excuse; containing excuse 
or apology ; apologetical. 

EX-COSE', V. t. [L. ezcuso.] 1. To pardon ; to free from the 
imputation of fault or blame ; to acquit of guilt. 2. To par- 
don, as a fault ; to forgive entirely, or to admit to be little 
' censurable, and to overlook. 3. To free from an obliga- 
tion or duty. 4. To remit ; not to exact. 5. To pardon ; 
to admit an apology for. 6. To throw off an imputation 
by apology. 7. To justify ; to vindicate. 

EX-GuSE', n. 1. A plea offered in extenuation of a fault or 
irregular deportment ; apology. 2. The act of excusing 
or apologizing. 3. That which excuses. 

EX-€uSE'LESS, a. Having no excuse ; that for w'hich no 
excuse or apology can be offered. {Little used.] 

EX-GuS'ER, n. 1. One who offers excuses, or pleads for an- 
other. 2. One who excuses or forgives another. 

EX-GuSHNG, ppr. Acquitting of guilt or fault ; forgiving ; 
overlooking. 

I EX-GUSS', V. t. [L. czc7iS5its.] To shake off; also, to 
seize and detain by law. 

t EX-GUS'SION, 71. A seizing by law. JhjUffe. 

EX-Dl-REGT'OR, n. One who has been a director, but is 
displaced. 

EX'E-GRA-BLE, a. [L. execrabilis.] Deserving to be cursed; 
very hateful ; detestable ; abominable. 

EX'E-GRA-BLY, adv. Cursedly ; detestably. 

EX'E-GRATE, v. t. [L. execror.] 1. To curse ; to denounce 
evil against, or to imprecate evil on. 2. To detest utterly ; 
to abhor ; to abominate. 

EX-E-GRa'TION, n. The act of cursing; a curse pro- 
nounced ; imprecation of evil ; detestation expressed. 

EX'E-GRA-TO-RY, n. A formulary of execration. 

EX-EGT', V. t. [L. execo.] To cut off or out. 

EX-EG'TION, n. A cutting off or out. {Little itsed.] 

EX'E-GHTE, V. t. [Fr. executcr.] 1. To perform ; to do ; to 
effect ; to carry into complete effect ; to complete ; to finish. 
2. To inflict. 3. To carry into effect. 4. To carry into ef- 
fect the law, or the judgment or sentence on a person ; to 
inflict capital punishment on ; to put to death. 5. To kill. 
6. To complete, as a legal instrument ; to perform what 
is required to give validity to a writing, as by signing and 
sealing. 

EX'E-G-UTE, V. i. To perform the proper office. 

EX'E-GU-TED, pp. Done; performed; accomplished; car- 
ried into effect ; put to death. 

EX'E-GU-TER, n. One vvlio perforins or carries into ef- 
fect. 

EX'E-GU-TIXG, ppr. Doing; performing; finishing; ac- 
complishing ; inflicting ; carrying into effect. 

EX-E-GU'TIOX, n. 1. Performance ; the act of completing 
or accomplishing. — 2. In law, the carrying into effect a 
sentence or judgment of court. 3. The instrument, war- 
rant or official order, by which an officer is empowered to 
carry a judgment into effect. 4. The act of signing and 
sealing a legal instrument, or giving it the forms required 
to render it a valid act. 5. The last act of the law in the 
punishment of criminals; capital punishment; death in- 
flicted according to the forms of law. 6. Effect ; some- 
thing done or accomplished. 7. Destruction ; slaugh- 
ter. 

EX-E7Gu'TI 0N-ER, 71. 1. One who executes ; one who 
carries into effect a judgment of death ; one who inflicts 
a capital punishment in pursuance of a legal warrant. 2. 
He that kills ; he that murders. 3. The instrument by 
which any thing is performed. 

EX-EG'U-TIVE, (egz-ek'ii-tiv) a. Having the quality of 
executing or performing. 

EX-EG'U-TIVE, n. The person who administers the gov- 
ernment; executive power or authority in government. 
J. Quincif. 

EX-EG'U-TOR, 77. The person appointed by a testator to 
execute his will, or to see it carried into effect. 


EX-E€-U-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to an executor ; execu- 
tive. 

EX-EG'U-TOR-SHIP, 71. The office of an executor. 

EX-EG'U-TO-RY, a. 1. Performing official duties. — 2. In 
law, to be executed or carried into effect in future. 

EX-EG'U-TRESS, ) 7i. A female executor ; a woman ap- 

EX-EG'U-TRIX, j pointed by a testator to execute his 
will. 

EX-E-Ge'S 1S, 71. [Gr. e^nyrjaig.] 1. Exposition ; explana- 
tion ; interpretation. 2. A discourse intended to explain 
or illustrate a subject. Eiicijc. 

EX-E-GET'I-GAL, a. Explanatory ; tending to unfold or 
illustrate ; expository. Walker. 

EX-E-GET'I-GAL-LY, adv. By way of expl.anation. 

EX-EM'PLAR, (egz-em'plar) n. 1. A model, original or 
pattern, to be copied or imitated. 2. The idea or image of 
a thing, formed in the mind of an artist, by which he con- 
ducts his work ; the ideal model which he attempts to im- 
itate. 

* EX'EM-PL A-RI LY, adv. 1 . In a manner to deserve imita- 
tion ; in a worthy or excellent manner. 2. In a manner 
that may warn others, by way of terror ; in such a man- 
ner that others may be cautioned to avoid an evil. 

* EX'EM PLA-Rl-NESS, n. The state or quality of being a 
pattern for imitation. 

t EX-EM-PLARH-TY, ti. A pattern worthy of imitation ; 
goodness. 

EX'EM-PL A-RY, a. 1. Serving fora pattern or model for 
imitation ; worthy of imitation. 2. Such as may serve for 
a warning to others ; such as may deter from crimes or 
vices. 3. Such as may attract notice and imitation. 4. 
Illustrating. 

'*'1 EX'EM-PLA-RY,7i. [Fr. exemplaire.] A copy of a book or 
writing. Donne. 

EX-EM-PLI-FI-Ga'TION, 71. 1. The act of exemplifying ; 
a showing or illustrating by example. 2. A copy ; a 
transcript ; aji attested copy. 

EX-EM'PLI-FiED, pp. Illustrated by example or copy. 

EX-EM'PLI-Fi-ER, 77. One that exemplifies. 

EX-EM'PLI-FY, (egz-em'ple-fi) v. t. [Low L. exc7nplo.] 

I. To show or illustrate by example. 2. To copy ; to 
transcribe; to take an attested copy. 3. To prove or show 
by an attested copy. 

EX-EM'PLI-FY-ING, ppr. Illustrating by example; tran- 
scribing ; taking an attested copy ; proving by an attested 
copy. 

EX-EMPT', (egz-emt') v. t. [Fr. exempter.] To free, or per- 
mit to be free, from any charge, burden, restraint, duty, 
evil or requisition, to which others are subject ; to privi- 
lege ; to grant immunity from. 

EX-EMPT', a. 1. Free from any service, charge, burden, 
tax, duty, evil or requisition, to which others are subject ; 
not subject ; not liable to. 2. Free by privilege. 3. Free ; 
clear ; not included. 4. Cut off from ; [o6s.] 

EX-EIMPT', 77. One who is exempted or freed from duty; 
one not subject. 

EX-EMPT'ED, pp. Freed from charge, duty, tax or evils, 
to which others are subject ; privileged. 

fEX-EMPTT-BLE, a. Free; privileged. 

EX-EMPT'ING, ppr. Freeing from charge, duty, tax or 
evil ; granting immunity to. 

EX-EMP'TIOX, 77. 1. The act of exempting; the state of 
being exempt. 2. Freedom from any service, charge, 
burden, tax, evil or requisition, to which othei*s are sub- 
ject ; immunity ; privilege. 

tEX-EMP-TP'TiOUS, a. Separable ; that may be taken from. 

EX-EN'TER-ATE, V. t. [L. exentcro.] To take out the 
bowels or entrails ; to embowel. Broicn. 

EX-EN-TER-a'TION, 77. The act of taking out the bowels. 

EX-E-CIUa'TUR, 77. [L.] A written recognition of a per- 
son in the character of consul or commercial agent. 

EX-E'QUI-AL, a. [L. exequialis.] Pertaining to funerals. 

EX'E-GUIES, 77. plu. [L. exequia;.] Funeral rites ; the 
ceremonies of burial ; funeral procession. 

EX-ER CENT, a. [L. excrcens.] Using ; practising ; fol- 
lowing. {Little 775ed.] jljfliffe. 

EX'ER-CiS-A-BLE, a. That may be exercised. 

EX'ER-CiSE, 77. [L. exercitmyn .] 1. Use ; practice; the ex- 
ertions and movements customary in the performance of 
busitiess. 2. Practice ; performance. 3. Use ; employ- 
ment ; exertion. 4. Exertion of the body, as conducive 
to health; action ; motion, by labor, walking, riding, or 
other exertion. 5. Exertion of the body ; the habitual use 
of the limbs. 6. Exertion of the body and mind or facul- 
ties for improvement. 7. Use or practice to acquire skill ; 
preparatory practice. 8. Exertion of the mind; applica- 
tion of the mental powers. 9. Task ; that which is ap- 
pointed for one to perform. 10. Act of divine worship. 

II. A lesson or example for practice. 

EX'ER-ClSE, V. t. [L. excrcen.] 1. In a general sense, to 

move; to exert; to cause to act, in any manner. 2. To 
use ; to exert. 3. To use for improvement in skill. 4. 
To exert one’s powers or strength ; to practice habitually. 
5. To practice ; to perform the duties of. 6. To train to 


* See Synopsis. A, K, T, o, U, Y, Io77§r._FAR, FALL, WH AT ;— PR^Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


EXH 


317 EXI 


use ; to discipline. 7. To task ; to keep employed ; to 
use efforts. 8 . To use ; to employ. 9. To busy ; to keep 
busy in action, exertion or employment. 10. To pain or 
afflict 5 to give anxiety to ; to make uneasy. 

EX'ER-CrsE, V). i. To use action or exertion. 

EX'ER-CTSED, pp. Exerted ; used ; trained j disciplined ; 
employed ; practised j pained ; afflicted ; rendered un- 
easy. 

EX'ER-ClS-ER, n. One who exercises. 

EX'ER-CTS-ING,ppr. Exerting 5 using 5 employing; train- 
ing ; practicing. 

EX-ER-CI-Ta'TION, 71. fL, exercitatio.] Exercise ; prac- 
tice ; use. Brown, 

EX-ERGUE', (egz-erg') n. [Gr. and epvov,] A little space 
around or witliout the figures of a medal, left for the in- 
scription, cipher, device, date, &c. 

EX-ERT', (egz-ert') v. t. [L. exero.] 1. Literally^ to thrust 
forth ; to emit ; to push out. 2. To bring out ; to cause 
to come forth ; to produce. 3. To put or thrust forth, as 
strength, force or ability ; to strain ; to put in action ; to 
bring into active operation. 4. To put forth ; to do or 
perform. South. 

EX-ERT'ED, pp. Thrust or pushed forth ; put in action. 

EX-ERT'ING, ppr. Putting forth ; putting in action. 

EX-ER'TION, n. The act of exerting or straining ; the act of 
putting into motion or action ; effort ; a striving or strug- 
gling. 

EX-E'SION, 71. [L. exes 2 is.] The act of eating out or 
through. [Little used.^ Broion. 

EX-ES-TU-a*TION, n. [L. exmstuatio.'] A boiling ; ebul- 
lition ; agitation caused by heat ; effervescence. 

EX-Fo'LI-ATE, V. i. [L. exfolio.'\ In surgery and mineral- 
ogy, J .0 separate and come off in scales ; to scale off. 

EX-Fo'Ll-A-TED, pp. Separated in thin scales. 

EX-Fo'Ll-A-TING, ppr. Separating and coming off in 
scales. 

EX-FO-LI-a'TION, 71. The scaling of a bone ; desquama- 
tion. 

EX-Fo'LI-A-TIVE, a. That has the power of causing ex- 
foliation or the desquamation of a bone. 

EX-Fo'LI-A-TIVE, n. That which has the power or quali- 
ty of procuring exfoliation. Wiseman. 

EX-Ha'LA-BLE, a. That may be exhaled. 

EX-Ha'LANT, a. Having the quality of exhaling or trans- 
mitting a fluid or vapor. 

EX-HA-La'TION, 71. [L. exhalatio.'] 1. The act or process 
of exhaling, or sending forth fluids in the form of steam or 
vapor; evaporation. 2. That which is exhaled; that 
which is emitted, or which rises in the form of vapor ; 
fume or steam ; effluvia. 

EX-HaLE', (egz-hale') v. t, [L. exJialo.] 1. To send out; 
to emit ; as vapor, or minute particles of a fluid or other 
substance. 2. To draw out; to cause to be emitted in 
vapor or minute particles ; to evaporate. 

EX-HaL'ED, (egz-hald') pp. Sent out; emitted, as vapor; 
evaporated. 

EX-HaLE'MENT, n. Matter exhaled ; vapor. Brown. 

EX-HaLTNG, ppr. Sending out in vapor or effluvia. 

£X-HAUST^, (egz-hawst') v. t. [L. exhaurio, exhaustum.] 
1. To draw out or drain off the whole of any thing ; to 
draw out, till nothing of the matter drawn is left. 2. To 
empty by drawing out the contents. 3. To draw out or 
to use and expend the whole ; to consume. 4. To use 
or expend the whole by exertion. 

EX-HAUST/, a. Drained ; exhausted. [Little used.] 

EX-HAUST'ED, pp. Drawn out; drained off; emptied by 
drawing, draining or evaporation ; wJiolly used or ex- 
pended; consumed. 

EX-HAUST'ER, n. He or that which exhausts. 

EX-HAUST'T-BLE, a. That may be exhausted. 

EX-H AUST'IX^G, ppr. 1. Drawing out; draining off; 
emptying ; consuming. 2. a. Tending to exhaust. 

EX-HAUST'IOX, 71. 1. The act of drawing out or draining 
off ; the act of emptying completely of the contents. 2 . 
The state of being exhausted. — 3. In mathematics, a 
method of proving the equality of two magnitudes by a 
redur.tio ad absurdum . 

EX-HAUST'LESS, a. Not to be exhausted ; not to be 
wliollv drawn off or emptied ; inexhaustible. 

EX-HAUST/MRNT, n. Exhaustion; drain. 

EX-HER'E-D ATE, V. t. To disinherit. 

EX-HRR-E-Da'TION, n. [h. exhceredatio.] In the civil laic, 
a disinheriting. 

EX-HIB'IT, feaz-hibMt) v. t. [Ti. exhibco.] 1. To offer or 
present to view ; to present for inspection ; to show. 2 . 
To show ; to display ; to manifest publicly. 3. To pre- 
sent ; to offer publicly or officially. 

EX-IUB'IT, n. 1. Any paper produced or presented to a 
court or to auditors, referees or arbitrators, as a voucher, 
or in proof of facts ; a voucher or document produced. 
— 2. In chancery, a deed or writing produced in court, 
sworn to by a witness, and a certificate of the oath indorsed 
on it by the examiner or commissioner. 


EX-HIB'IT-ED, pp. Offered to view ; presented for inspec- 
tion ; shown ; displayed. 

EX-HIB'IT-ER, 71. One who exhibits ; one who presents a 
petition or charge. Shah. 

EX-HIB'IT-ING, ppr. Offering to view ; presenting; show- 
ing; displaying. 

EX-HI-BF' 1 ION , n. [Li. exhibitio.] 1. The act of exhibit- 
ing for inspection ; a showing or presenting to view ; 
display. 2. The offering, producing or showing of titles, 
authorities or papers of any kind before a tribunal, in 
proof of facts. 3. Public show ; representation of feats or 
actions in public ; display of oratory in public ; any pub- 
lic show. 4. Allowance of meat and drink ; pension ; 
salary. 5. Payment; recompense. 

EX-Hl-BI''TION-ER, n. In English universities, one who 
has a pension or allowance, granted for the encourage- 
ment of learning. 

EX-HIB'I-TIVE, G. Serving for exhibition ; representative. 
J\Torris. 

EX-HIB'I-TiVE-LY, adv. By representation. 

EX-HIB'I-TO-RY, a. Exhibiting; showing; displaying. 

EX-IUL'A-RATE, (egz-hiPa-rate) v. t. [L. exhilaro.] To 
make cheerful or merry ; to enliven ; to make glad or 
joyous ; to gladden ; to cheer. 

EX-HIL'A-RATE, v. i. To become cheerful or joyous. 

EX-HIL'A-RA-TED, pp. Enlivened; animated; cheered; 
gladdened ; made joyous or jovial. 

EX-HIL'A-RA-TING, ppr. Enlivening ; giving life and 
vigor to the spirits ; cheering ; gladdening. 

EX-HIL-A-Ra'TION, 71. 1 . The act of enlivening the 
spirits ; the act of making glad or cheerful. 2. The state 
of being enlivened or cheerful. 

EX-HORT', (egz-hort') v. t. [L. exhortor.] 1 . To incite by 
words or advice ; to animate or urge by arguments to a 
good deed. 2 . To advise ; to warn ; to caution. 3. To 
incite or stimulate to exertion. 

EX-HORT', V. i. To deliver exhortation ; to use words or 
arguments to incite to good deeds. » 

t EX-HORT', 71. Exhortation. Pope. 

EX-HOR-Ta'TION, n. 1. The actor practice of exhorting; 
the act of inciting to laudable deeds ; incitement. 2 . 
The form of words intended to incite and encourage. 3 . 
Advice ; counsel. 

EX-HORT'A-TiVE, a. Containing exhortation. 

EX-HORT'A-TO-RY, a. Tending to exhort. 

EX-HORT'ED, pp. Incited by words to good deeds ; ani- 
mated to a laudable course of conduct ; advised. 

EX-HORT'ER, n. One who exhorts or encourages. 

EX-HORT'ING, ppr. Inciting to good deeds by words or 
arguments ; encouraging ; counseling. 

EX-HU-Ma'TION, 71. [Fr., from exhumer.] 1. The digging 
up of a dead body interred ; the disinterring of a corpse. 
2 . The digging up of any thing buried. 

EX'ie-CATE, EX-I€-€a'TION. See Exsiccate. 

EX'I-GENCE, ) n. [L. exigens.] 1. Demand ; urgency ; 

EX'I-GEN-CY, I urgent need or want. 2. Pressing ne- 
cessity ; distress ; any case which demands immediate 
action, supply or remedy. 

EX'I-GENT, n. 1. Pressing business; occasion that calls 
for immediate help ; [not used.] — 2 . In a writ which 
lies where the defendant is not to be found, "or after a re- 
turn of non est inventus on former writs. 3. End ; ex- 
trerrjity ; [ 065 .] Shak. 

EX'l-GENT, a. Pressing ; requiring immediate aid. Burke. 

EX'I-GENT-ER, n. An officer in the court of common 
pleas in England, who makes out exigents and proclama- 
tions, in cases of outlawry. 

EX'I-GI-BLE, a. That may be exacted ; demandable. 

EX-I-Gu'I-TY, 71. [L. exiguitas.] Smallness ; slenderness. 

i Little used.] Boyle. 

-IG'U-OUS, a. [L. exiguus.] Small ; slender; minute ; 
diminutive. [Little tised.] Harvey. 

EX'TLE,' 7 t. [L. exilium, exul.] 1. Banishment; the state 
of being expelled from one’s country or place of residence. 
2. An abandonment of one’s country, or removal to a for- 
eign country for residence. 3. The person banished, or 
separated from his country. 

EX-iLE', (egz-Tle') v. t. 1. To banish from a country or 
home ; to drive away, expel or transport from one’s 
country. 2. To drive from one’s country by misfortune, 
necessity or distress. 

EX-lLE' a. [L. exilis.] Slender ; thin ; fine. 

EX'TLED, pp. Banished ; expelled from one’s country by 
authority. 

EX'iLE-MENT, n. Banishment. 

EX'lL-lNG, ppr. Banishing; expelling from one’s country ; 

departing from one’s country. 

EX-l-lj"TION, 71. [L. exilio.] A sudden springing or leap- 
ing out. [Little used.] Brown. 

EX-IL'I-TY, n. [L. cxilitas.] Slenderness ; thinness. 
EX-IM'I-OIIS, a. [L. eximius.] Excellent. [Little used.] 

I EX-IN'A-NITE, V. t. [L. exinanio.] To make empty ; to 
weaken. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D 6 VE ; — BULL, UNITE. — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; ClI as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


I 


EXO 318 EXP 


EX-IN- A-NI/^TION, n. [L. exinanitio.l An emptying or 
evacuation ; hence, privation ; loss ; destitution. [L. m.] 

EX-IST', (egz-ist'^ v.i. [Lr: existo.'] 1 . To be ; to have an 
essence or real being. 2 . To live j to have life or anima- 
tion. 3 . To remain j to endure j to continue in being. 

EX-IST'ENCE, 71 . 1 . The state of being or having essence. 
2 . Life ; animation. 3 . Continued being ; duration 3 con- 
tinuation. 

EX-IST'ENT, a. Being ; having being or existence. 

£X-IS-TEN'TIAL, a. Having existence. Bp. Barlow. 

EX-IS-TI-Ma'TION, 71 . [L. existimatio,'\ Opinion ; esteem. 

EXTT, 77. [L. 3 the 3 d person of exeo.'\ 1 . The departure of 
a player from the stage. 2 . Any departure ; the act of 
quitting the stage of action or of life ; death 3 decease. 3 . 
A way of departure 3 passage out of a place. 4 . A going 
out 3 departure. 

EX-I"T 1 AL, I a. [L. exitialis.l Destructive to life. Homi- 

EX-I"T 10 US, i lies. 

EX-LEG'lS-liA-TOR, n. One who has been a legislator, 
but is not at present. 

EX-MINTS-TER, n. One who has been minister, but is not 
in office. 

EX'ODE, 77. [Gr. c^oSiov.] In the Greek drama, the con- 
cluding part of a play. 

EX'O-DUS, ) 71 . [Gr. £^060?.] 1 . Departure from a place 3 

EX'O-DY, j particularly, the departure of the Israelites 
from Egypt under the conduct of Moses. 2 . The second 
book of the Old Testament. 

EX 0 F-Fi"CI- 0 . [L.] By virtue of office, and without 
special authority. 

EX^O-GLOSS, n. [Gr. £^w and yXwo-o-a.] A genus of fishes. 

I EX-O-LeTE', a. [L. exoletus.] Obsolete. 

I EX-O-Lu'TION, 71 . Laxation of the nerves. Brown. 

t EX-OLVE', V. t. To loose. 

EX-OM'PHA-LOS, n. [Gr. and opcftaXos.] A navel rup- 
ture. 

EX-ON'ER-ATE, (egz-on'er-ate) v. t. [L. exonero.] 1 . To 
unload 3 to disburden. Ray. 2 . To cast off, as a charge, 
or as blame resting on one ; to clear of something that lies 
upon the character. 3 . To cast off, as an obligation 3 to 
discharge. 

EX-ON'ER-A-TED, pp. Unloaded 3 disburdened 3 freed 
from a charge, imputation or responsibility. 

EX-ON'ER-A-TING, ppr. Unloading 3 disburdening 3 free- 
ing from any charge or imputation. 

EX-ON-ER-a'TION,'ti. The act of disburdening or dis- 
charging 3 the act of freeing from a charge. 

EX-Ox\*ER-A-TiVE, a. Freeing from an obligation. 

EX'O-RA-BLE, a. [L. exorabilis.] That may be moved or 
persuaded by entreaty. 

EX-ORB'I-TANCE, (egz-or'be-tans) ) n. [L. exorbitans.] 

EX-ORB'I-TAN-CY, (egz-or'be-tan-sy) \ Liter ally, agoing 
beyond or without the track or usual limit. Hence, enor- 
mity 3 extravagance 3 a deviation from rule or the ordi- 
nary limits of right or propriety. 

EX-ORB'I-TANT, a. [L. exorbitans.^ 1 . Literally, depart- 
ing from an orbit or usual track. Hence, deviating from 
the usual course 3 excessive 3 extravagant 3 enormous. 
2 . Anomalous 3 not coniprehended in a settled rule or 
method. 

EX-ORB'l-TANT-LY, adv. Enormously 3 excessively. 

EX-ORB'I-Tx\TE, v. i. To go beyond the usual track or 
orbit 3 to deviate from the usual limit. 

EX'OR-CISE, V. i. [Gr. £^op7ft(^w.] 1. To adjure by some 
holy name 3 but to ' expel evil spirits by conjura- 

tions, prayers and ceremonies. 2 . To purify from unclean 
spirits by adjurations and ceremonies 3 to deliver from the 
influence of malignant spirits or demons. 

EX'OR-CTSED, pp. Expelled from a person or place by 
conjurations and prayers 3 freed from demons in like 
manner. 

EX'OR-CTS-ER, n. One who pretends to cast out evil spirits 
by adjurations and conjuration. 

EX'OR-CfS-ING, ppr. Expelling evil spirits by prayers and 
ceremonies. 

EX'OR-CIf?M, n. [L. cxorcismus.] The expulsion of evil 
spirits from persons or places by certain adjurations and 
ceremonies. 

EX'OR-CIST, 77. One who pretends to expel evil spirits by 
conjuration, prayers and ceremonies. 

EX-ORI)'I-AL, a. Pertaining to the exordium. 

EX-OR'DI-UM, 77. ,* plu. Exordiums. [L.] In oratory, the 
beginning 3 the introductory part of a discourse 3 the pre- 
face or proemial part of a composition. 

EX-OR-Na'TION, 77. [L. exo 7 -natio.} Ornament 3 decora- 
tion 3 embellishment. Hooker. 

EX-ORT'IVE, a. [L. exortivus.'] Rising 3 relating to the 

©cist 

EX-OS'S A-TED, a. Deprived of bones. 

EX-OS'SE-OUS, a. [L. ex and 055a.] Without bones 3 des- 
titute of bones. 

EX-OS-To'SIS, 77. [Gr. and oot£ov.] Any protuberance 
of a bone that is not natural. 


EX-O-TER'IG, )a. [Gr. epos.] External 3 public 3 

EX-O-TER'I-GAL, | opposed to esoteric or secret. The 
exoteric doctrines of the ancient philosophers were those 
which were openly professed and taught. 

EX'O-TER-Y, 77. What is obvious or common. 

EX-OT'IG, ) a. [Gr. e^am/coj.] Foreign 3 pertaining to 

EX-OT'I-GAL, I or produced in a foreign country 3 not 
native 3 extraneous. 

EX-OT'I€, 77. 1 . A plant, shrub or tree not native 3 a plant 
produced in a foreign country. 2 . A word of foreign 
origin. 

EX-PAND', t. [L. expando.] 1 . To open 3 to spread. 2 . 
To spread 3 to enlarge a surface 3 to diffuse. 3 . To di- 
late 3 to enlarge in bulk 3 to distend. 4 . To enlarge 3 to 
extend. 

EX-PAND', V. i. 1 . To open 3 to spread. 2 . To dilate 3 to ' 
extend in bulk or surface. 3 . To enlarge. 

EX-PAND'ED, pp. Opened 3 spread 3 extended 3 dilated j 
enlarged 3 diffused. 

EX-PAND'ING, ppr. Opening 3 spreading 3 extending 3 di- 
lating 3 diffusing. 

EX-PANSE', (ex-pans') n. [L. expansum.] A spreading 3 
extent 3 a wide extent of space or body. 

EX-PAN-Sl-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being expanded 3 
capacity of extension in surface or bulk. 

EX-PANS'I-BLE, a. [Fr.] Capable of being expanded or 
spread 3 capable of being extended, dilated or diffused. 

EX-PANS'ILE, a. Capable of being expanded. 

EX-PAN'SION, 77. [L. expansio.] 1 . The act of expanding. 
2 . The state of being expanded 3 the enlargement of sur- 
face or bulk 3 dilatation. 3 . Extent 3 space to which any 
thing is enlarged 3 also, pure space or distance between 
remote bodies. 4 . Enlargement. 

EX-PANS'IVE, a. [Fr.] 1 . Having the power to expand, 
to spread, or to dilate. 2 . Having the capacity of being 
expanded. 3 . Widely extended. 

EX-PANS'IVE-NESS, n. The quality of being expansive. 

EX PAR'TE. [L.] On one part 3 as a hearing or a council 
ex parte, on one side only. 

EX-Pa'TIATE, V. i. [L. expatior.] 1 . To move at large 3 
to rove without prescribed limits 3 to wander in space 
without restraint. 2 . To enlarge in discourse or writing 3 
to be copious in argument or discussion. 

EX-Pa'TIA-TING, ppr. Roving at large 3 enlarging in dis- 
course or writing. 

EX-Pa'TIA-TOR, 77. One who amplifies in language. 

EX-PAT'RI-ATE, or EX-Pa'TRI-ATE, v. t. [Fr. expo- 
trier.] In a general sense, to banish. — To expatriate one^s 
self, IS to quit one’s country, renouncing citizenship and 
allegiance in that country. 

EX-PAT'RI-A-TED, or EX-Pa'TRI-A-TED, pp. Banish- 
ed 3 removed from one’s native country, with renuncia- 
tion of citizenship and allegiance. 

EX-PAT'RI-A-TING, or EX-PA'TRI-A-TING, ppr. Ban- 
ishing 3 abandoning one’s country, with renunciation of 
allegiance. 

EX-PAT-RI-a'TION, or EX-Pa-TRI-a'TION, 77. Banish- 
ment. J\fore generally, the forsaking of one’s own coun- 
try, with a renunciation of allegiance. 

EX-PECT', V. t. [L. expecto.] 1 . To wait for. 2 . To look 
for 5 to have a previous apprehension of something future, 
whether good or evil 3 to entertain at least a slight belief 
that an event will happen. 

fEX-PECT', v.i. To wait 3 to stay. Sandys. 

EX-PECT'A-BLE, a. That may be expected. 

EX-PECT'ANCE, 1 77. 1 . The act or state of expecting 3 

EX-PECT'AN-CY, | expectation. 2 . Something expect- 
ed. 3 . Hope. 

EX-PECT'AN-CY, n. In late, a state of waiting or sus- 
pension. 

EX-PECT'ANT, a. 1 . Waiting 3 looking for. Swift. 2 . An 
expectant estate is one which is suspended till the deter- 
mination of a particular estate. 

EX-PECT'ANT, n. One who expects 3 one who waits in 
expectation 3 one held in dependence by his belief or hope 
of receiving some good. 

EX-PEC-Ta'TION, 77. [L. expectatio.] 1 . The act of ex- 
pecting or looking forward to a future event with at least 
some reason to believe the event will happen. Expecta- 
tion differs from hope. Hope originates in desire, and may 
exist with little or no ground of belief that the desired 
event will arrive. Expectation is founded on some rea- 
sons which render the event probable. Hope is directed 
to some good 3 expectation is directed to good or evil. 2. 
The state of expecting, either with hope or fear. 3 . Pros- 
pect of good to come. 4 . The object of expectation 3 the 
expected Messiah. 5 . A state or qualities in a person 
which excite expectations in others of some future excel- 
lence. — 6. In chances, expectation is applied to contingent 
events, and is reducible to computation. 

t EX-PECT'A-TiVE, n. That which is expected. 

t EX-PECT'A-TIVE, a. Expecting. Cotgrave. 

EX-PECT'ER, 77. One who expects 3 one who waits for 
something, or for another person. Swift. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3— f Obsolete. 


EXP 


319 


EXP 


EX-PECT'ING, ppr. Waiting or looking for the arrival of. 

EX-PE€'TO-RANT, a. Having the quality of promoting 
discharges from the lungs. 

EX-PEe'TO-RANT, n. A medicine which promotes dis- 
charges from tlie lungs. 

EX-PE€'TO-RATE, v. t. [L. expectoro.] To eject from the 
trachea or lungs j to discharge phlegm or other matter, by 
coughing. 

EX-PE€'TO-RA-TED, pp. Discharged from the lungs. 

EX-PEG'TO-RA-TING, ppr. Throwing from the lungs. 

EX-PE€-T0-Ra'T10N, n. The act of discharging phlegm 
or mucus from the lungs, by coughing. 

EX-PE€'TO-RA-TIVE, a. Having the quality of promoting 
expectoration. 

I EX-Pk'D1-ATE, V. t. To expedite. 

EX-Pk'DI-ENCE, )n. 1. Fitness or suitableness to effect 

EX-PE'D1-EN-CY, ) some good end, or the purpose in- 
tended 5 propriety under the particular circumstances of a 
case. 2. Expedition ; adventure j 3. Expedition ; 

haste ; dispatch ; [o6s.] 

EX-Pe'DI-ENT, a. [L. expediens.] 1. Tending to promote 
tlie object proposed ; fit or suitable for the purpose ; prop- 
er under the circumstances. 2. Useful j profitable. 3. 
(iuick ; expeditious 5 [ofe.] 

EX-Pe'DI-ENT, n. 1. That which serves to promote or ad- 
vance ; any means which may be employed to accomplish 
an end. 2. Shift j means devised or employed in an exi- 
geny^. 

EX-Pe'DI-ENT-LY, adv. 1. Filly 5 suitably ; conveniently. 

2. Hastily ; quickly ; [06s.] 

EX-PED'J-TATE, v. t. [L. ex and p«s.] In tlie forest laws 
of England, to cut out the balls or claws of a dog’s fore 
feet, for the preservation of the king’s game. 

EX-PED-I-Ta'T10N, n. The act of cutting out the balls or 
claws of a dog’s fore feet. 

EX'PE-DITE, V t. \^L. expedio.] 1. To hasten; to quicken; 
to accelerate motion or progress. 2. To dispatch ; to send 
from. 3. To hasten by rendering easy. 

EX'PE-DiTE, a. [L. expeditus.'] 1. duick ; speedy; expe- 
ditious. 2. Easy ; unencumbered. 3. Active ; nimble ; 
ready ; prompt. 4. Light-armed ; [065.] 

EX'PE-DiTE-LY, adv. Readily ; hastily ; speedily ; 
promptly. 

EX-PE-DI"TION, n. [L. expeditio.'] 1. Haste ; speed ; 
quickness ; dispatch. 2. The march of an army, or the 
voyage of a fleet, to a distant place, for hostile purposes. 

3. Any enterprise, undertaking or attempt by a number 
of persons ; or the collective body which undertakes. 

EX-PE-DI"T10US, a. 1. Quick ; hasty ; speedy. 2. Nim- 
ble ; active ; swift ; acting with celerity. 

EX-PE-DI"T10US-LY, ado. Speedily ; hastily ; with ce- 
lerity or dispatch. 

EX-PED'l-Tl VE, a. Performing with speed. Bacon. 

EX-PEL', V. t. [L. ezpello.] 1. To drive or force out from 
any inclosed place. 2. To drive out ; to force to leave. 
3. To eject ; to throw out. 4. To banish ; to exile. 5. 
To reject ; to refuse. 6. To exclude ; to keep out or off. 
— 7. In college government^ to command to leave ; to dis- 
solve the connection of a student. 

EX-PEL'LA -BLE, a. That may be expelled or driven out. 

EX-PEL'LED, (ex-peld') pp. Driven out or away ; forced 
to leave ; banished ; exiled ; excluded. 

EX-PEL'LER, n. He or that which drives out or away. 

EX-PEL'LING, ppr. Driving out ; forcing away ; compel- 
ling to quit or depart ; banishing ; excluding. 

EX-PEND', V. t. [L. expendo.'] J. To lay out ; to disburse ; 
to spend ; to deliver or distribute, either in payment or in 
donations. 2. To lay out ; to use ; to employ ; to con- 
sume. 3. To use and consume. 4. To consume ; to dis- 
sipate ; to waste. 

EX-PEND', V. i. To be laid out, used or consumed. 

EX-PEND'ED, pp. Laid out ; spent ; disbursed ; used. 

EX-PEND'ING, ppr. Spending; using; employing. 

EX-PEND'I-TURE, w. 1. The act of expending; a laying 
out, as of money ; disbursement. Price. 2. Money ex- 
pended ; expense. 

EX-PENSE', (ex-pens') n. [L. cxpensum.] 1. A laying out 
or expending ; the disbursing of money, or the employ- 
ment and consumption, as of time or labor. 2. Money 
expended ; cost ; charge ; that which is disbursed in pay- 
ment or in charity. 3. That which is used, employed, 
laid out or consumed. 

EX-PENSE'FUL, (ex-pens'ful) a. Costly ; expensive. [Z.. w.] 

f EX-PEN^SE'FIJL-LY, adv. In a costly manner. TVeever. 

EX-PENSE'LESS, (ex-pens'les) a. Without expense. 

EX-PENS'lVE, a. 1. Costly ; requiring much expense. 2. 
Given to expense ; free in the use of money ; extrava- 
gant ; lavish. 3. Liberal ; generous. 

EX-PEN^S'lVE-LY, adv. With great expense ; at great cost 
or charge. Swift. 

EX-PENS'IVE-NESS, n. 1. Costliness ; the quality of in- 
curring or requiring great expenditures of money. 2. 
Adchctedness to expense ; extravagance. 

EX-Pe'RI-ENCE, n. [L. experientia.] 1. Trial, or a series 


of trials or experiments ; active effort or attempt to dd of 
to prove something, or repeated efforts. A single trial is 
usually denominated an experiment ; experience may be a 
series of trials, or the result of such trials. 2. Observation 
of a fact or of the same facts or events happening under 
like circumstances. 3. Trial from suffering or enjoy- 
ment ; suffering itself ; the use of the senses. 4. Knowl- 
edge derived from trials, use, practice, or from a series of 
obsejvations. 

EX-Pe'R1-ENCE, V. t. 1. To try by use, by suffering or by 
enjoyment. 2. To know by practice or trial ; to gain 
knowledge or skill by practice or by a series of observa- 
tions. 

EX-Pe'RI-ENCED, pp. 1. Tried; used; practiced. 2. a. 
Taught by practice or by repeated observations ; skilful or 
wise by means of trials, use or observation. 

EX-1’e'RI-EN-CER, n. One who makes trials or experi- 
ments. 

EX-Pe'RI-EN-CING, ppr. Making trial ; suffering or en- 
joying. 

EX-Fe'RI-ENT, a. Having experience. Beaumont and 
Fletcher. 

EX-PER'I-MENT, 71. \1j. experiinentum.'] A trial ; an act 
or operation designed to discover some unknown truth, 
principle or effect, or to establish it when discovered. 

EX-PER'I-MENT, V. i. 1. To make trial ; to make an ex- 
periment ; to operate on a body in such a manner as to 
discover some unknown fact, or to establish it when 
known. 2. To try ; to searcli by trial. 3. To experi- 

0HC0 ^ 

EX-PER'I-MENT, v. t. To try ; to know by trial. 

EX-PER-I-MENT'AL, a. 1. Pertaining to experiment. 2. 
Known by experiment or trial ; derived from experiment. 

3. Built on experiments ; founded on trial and observa- 
tions, or on a series of results, the effects of operations. 4. 
Taught by experience ; having j)ersonal experience. 5. 
Known by experience ; derived from experience. 

EX-PER-I-MENT'AL-tST, n. One who makes experiments. 

EX-PER-I-MENT'AL-LY, adv. 1. By experiment ; by tri- 
al ; by operation and observation of results. 2. By expe- 
rience ; by suffering or enjoyment. 

EX-PER'I-MENT-ER, n. One who makes experiments j 
one skilled in experiments. 

EX-PER'I-MENT-ING, ppr. Making experiments or trials. 

EX-PERT', a. [L. expei'tus.'] 1. Propeidy^ experienced ; 
taught by use, practice or experience ; hence, skilful ; 
well instructed ; having familiar knowledge of. 2. Dex- 
trous ; adroit ; ready ; prompt ; having a facility of opera- 
tion or performance fVom practice. 

t EX-PERT', V. t. To experience. Spenser. 

EX-PERT'LY, adv. In a skilful or dextrous manner ; 
adroitly ; with readiness and accuracy. 

EX-PERT'NESS, n. Skill derived from practice; readi- 
ness ;_dexterity ; adroitness. 

t EX-Pe'TI-BLE, a. [L. expetibilis.] That may be wished 
for ; desirable. 

EX'PI-A-BLE, a. [L. expiabilis.] That may be expiated ; 
that may be atoned for and done away. 

EX'PI-ATE, V. t. [L. expio.] 1. To atone for; to make 
satisfaction for ; to extinguish the guilt of a crime by sub- 
sequent acts of piety or worship, by which tlie obligation 
to punish the crime is canceled. 2. To make reparation 
for. 3. To avert the threats of prodigies. 

EX'PI-A-TED, pp. Atoned for; done away by satisfac- 
tion offered and accepted. 

EX'PI-A-TING, ppr. ^^aking atonement or satisfaction for ; 
destroying or removing guilt, and canceling the obligation 
to punish. 

EX-PI-a'TION, 71. [L. expiatio.] 1. The act of atoning 
for a crime ; the act of making satisfaction for an offense; 
atonement ; satisfaction. 2. The means by which atone- 
ment for crimes is made ; atonement. — 3. Among ancient 
heathens^ an act by which the threats of prodigies were 
averted. 

EX'PI-A-TO-RY, a. Having the power to make atonement 
or expiation. 

EX-PI-La'TION, n. [L. expilatio.'] A stripping ; the act 
of committing waste on land ; waste. [^Little Msed.] 

EX-PIR'A-BLE, a. That may expire ; that may come to an 
end. 

EX-PI-Ra'TION, 71. [L. e:qpiratio.'] 1. The act of breath- 
ing out, or forcing the air from the lungs. 2. The last 
emission of breath ; death. 3. The emission of volatile 
matter from any substance; evaporation; exhalation. 

4. Matter expired ; exhalation ; vapor ; fume. 5. Cessa- 
tion ; close ; end ; conclusion ; termination of a limited time. 

EX-PIRE', 7;. t. [L. expiro.'] 1. To breathe out ; to throw 
out the breath from the lungs. 2. To exhale ; to emit in 
minute particles, as a fluid or volatile matter. 3. To con- 
clude ; foZ;5.] 

EX-PIRE', V. i. 1. To emit the last breath, as an animal ; 
to die ; to breathe the last. 2. To perish ; to end ; to fail 
or be destroyed; to come to nothing; to be frustrated. 
3. To fly out ; to be thrown out with force. 4. To come 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TPI as in this. | Obsolete. 


EXP 


EXP 320 


lo an end j to cease ; to terminate 5 to close or conclude, 
as a given period. 

EX-PIK'ING, ppr. 1. Breathing out air from the lungs ; 
emitting fluid or volatile matter; exhaling ; dying; end- 
ing ; terminating. 2. a. Pertaining to or uttered at the 
time of dying. 

|EX-PIS-Ga'TION, «. [L. ez and piscatio.'] A fishing. 
Chapman, 

EX-PLaIN', V. t. [L. explano.] To make plain, manifest 
or intelligible ; to clear of obscurity ; to expound ; to il- 
lustrate by discourse, or by notes. 

EX-PLaIN', V. i. To give explanations. 

EX-PLaIN^A-BLE, a. That may be cleared of obscurity ; 
capable of being made plain to the understanding ; capa- 
ble of being interpreted. 

EX-PLaIN'ED, (ex-pland') pp. Made clear or obvious to 
the understanding ; expounded; illustrated. 

EX-PLa1N'EK, n. One who explains; an expositor; a 
commentator ; an interpreter. Harris. 

EX-PLaIN'1NG, ppr. Expounding ; illustrating ; interpret- 
ing ; opening to the understanding ; clearing of obscu- 
rity. 

EX-PLA-Na^TION, 71. [L. explanatio.^ 1. The act of ex- 
plaining, expounding or interpreting ; exposition ; illus- 
tration ; interpretation ; the act of clearing from obscurity 
and making intelligible. 2. Tlie sense given by an ex- 
pounder or interpreter. 3. A mutual exposition of terms, 
meaning or motives, with a view to adjust a misunder- 
standing, and reconcile differences ; reconciliation. 

EX-PLAN' A-TO-llY, a. Serving to explain ; containing 
explanation. ' 

EX-PLe'TION, 71. [L. expletio.] Accomplishment ; fulfil- 
ment. [Little used.] Killingbeck. 

EX'PLE-TIVE, a. \Fx. expletif.] Filling; added for sup- 
ply or ornament. 

EX'PLE-TtVE, 71. In language^ a word or syllable insert- 
ed to fill a vacancy, or for ornament. 

EX'PLI-EA-BLE, a. [L. explicabilis.] 1, Explainable ; 
that may be unfolded to the mind ; that may be made in- 
telligible. 2. That may be accounted for. 

EX'PLI-€ATE, V. t. [L. explico.] 1. To unfold ; to ex- 
pand ; to open. 2. To unfold the meaning or sense ; to 
explain ; to clear of difficulties or obscurity; to inter- 
pret. 

EX'PLI-GA-TED, pp. Unfolded ; explained. 

EX'PLI-€A-TING, ppr. Unfolding ; explaining ; inter- 
preting. 

EX-PLI-€a'TION, 71. 1. The act of opening or unfolding. 
2. The act of explaining; explanation; exposition; in- 
terpretation. 3. The sense given by an expositor or in- 
tcrprctcr# 

EX'PLI-€A-TIVE, or EX'PLI-€A-TO-RY, «. Serving to 
unfold or explain ; tending to lay open to the under- 
standing. 

EX'PLI-€A-TOR, n. One who unfolds or explains. 

EX-PLlC'IT,a. [L. LiteraZZy, unfolded. Hence, 

plain in language ; clear, not obscure or ambiguous ; ex- 
press, not merely implied ; open ; unreserved ; having 
no disguised meaning or reservation. 

f EX'PLIC-IT. [L.] A word found at the conclusion of our 
old books, signifying the end, or it is finished, as we now 
find finis. 

EX-PLIC'IT-LY, adv. Plainly ; expressly ; without du- 
plicity : without disguise or reservation of meaning. 

EX-PLIC^IT-NESS, 71 . Plainness of language or expres- 
sion ; clearness; direct expression. 

EX-PLoDE', V. i. [L. explodo.] To utter a report with 
sudden violence ; to burst and expand with force and a 
violeiit report. 

EX-PLoDE', V. t. 1. To decry or reject with noise; to 
express disapprobation of, with noise or marks of con- 
tempt. 2. To reject with any marks of disapprobation or 
disdain ; to treat with contempt, aiuT drive from notice; 
to drive into disrepute ; or, in general, to condemn ; to re- 
ject ; to cry down. 3. To drive out with violence and 
noise. 

EX-PLoD'ED, pp. Driven away by hisses or noise ; reject- 
ed ; condemned ; cried down. 

EX-PLoD'ER, 71. One who explodes or rejects. 

EX-PLoD'TNG, ppr. Bursting and expanding with force 
and a violent report ; rejecting ; condemning. 

EX-PLOIT', 7j. [Fr. exploit.] 1. A deed or act; more es- 
pecially, a heroic act ; a deed of renown ; a great or noble 
achievement. [Exploitube, in a like sense, is not in 
use.] — 2. In a ludicrous sense, a great act of wickedness. 

t EX-PLOIT', t. To achieve. Camden. 

t EX-PLO'RATE, 75. Z. To explore. See Explore. 

EX-PLO-Ra'TION, n. The act of exploring ; close search ; 
strict or careful examination. 

EX-PLO-Ra'TOR, 71. One who explores. 

EX-PLoR'A-TO-RY, a. Serving to explore ; examining. 

£X-PLoRE', V. t. [L. exploro.] 1. To search for making 
discovery ; to view with care ; to examine closely by the 

^ eye. 2. To search by any means ; to try. 3. To search 


or pry into ; to scrutinize ; to inquire with care ; to ex- 
amine closely with a view to discover truth. 

EX-PLoR'ED, (ex-pl6rd') pp. Searched ; viewed ; examin- 
ed closely. 

EX-PIiORE'MENT, n. Search ; trial. [Little used.] 

EX-PLoR'ING, pp?*. Searching; viewing; examining. 

EX-PLo^SlON, 11 . 1. A bursting with noise ; a bursting or 
sudden expansion of any elastic fluid, with force and a 
loud report. 2. The discharge of a piece of ordnance. 
3. The sudden burst of sound in a volcano, &c. 

EX-PLo'SIVE, a. Driving or bursting out with violence 
and noise ; causing explosion. 

EX-PO-LI-a'TION, n. [\j. expoliatio.] A spoiling ; a wast- 
ing. See Spoliation. 

I EX-POL'ISH, ior polish, a useless word. 

EX-Po'NENT, 77. _[L. exponens.] 1. In algebra, the num- 
ber or figure which, placed above a root at the right hand, 
denotes how often that root is repeated, or how many 
multiplications are necessary to produce the power. 2. 
I’he exponent of the ratio or proportion between two num- 
bers or quantities, is the quotient arising when the ante- 
cedent is divided by the consequent. 

EX-PO-NEN'TIAL, a. Exponential curves are such as par- 
take both of the nature of algebraic and transcendental 
one^. 

EX-PoRT', V. t. [L. exporto.] To carry out ; to convey 
or transport, in traffic, produce and goods from one coun- 
try to another. 

EXTORT, 77. A commodity actually conveyed from one 
country or state to another in traffick, or a commodity 
which may be exported. 

EX-PoR'l''A-BLE, a. That may be exported. 

EX-POR-Ta'TION, 77. 1. The act of exporting ; the act of 
conveying goods and productions ' from one country or 
state to another. 2. The act of carrying out. 

EX-PoRT'ED, pp. Carried out of a country or state in 
traffic k. 

EX-PoRT'ER, 77. The person who exports. 

EX-PoRT'ING, ppr. Conveying to a foreign country. 

EX'PORT-TRADE, 77. The trade which consists in the ex- 
portation of commodities. 

t EX-PoS'AL, 77. Exposure. Swift. 

EX-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. exposer.] 1. To lay open ; to set to 
public view ; to disclose ; to uncover or draw from con- 
cealment. 2. To make bare ; to uncover ; to remove 
from any thing that which guards or protects. 3. To re- 
move from shelter ; to place in a situation to be affected 
or acted on. 4. To lay open to attack, by any means. 
5. To make liable ; to subject. 6. To put in the power 
of. 7. To lay open to censure, ridicule or contempt. 8. 
To lay open, in almost any manner. 9. To put in dan- 
ger. 10. To cast out to chance ; to place abroad, or in a 
situation unprotected. 11. To lay open; to make pub- 
lic. 12. To offer ; to place in a situation to invite pur- 
chasers. 13. To offer to inspection. 

EX-PoS'ED, (ex-p6zd') pp. Laid open ; laid bare ; uncov- 
ered ; unprotected ; made liable to attack ; offered for 
sale ; disclosed ; made public ; offered to view. 

EX-PoS'ED-NESS, n. A state of being exposed, open to at- 
tack, or unprotected. Edwards. 

EX-POS'ER, 77. One who exposes. 

EX-i’OS'ING, ppr. Lying or laying open ; making bare ; 
putting in danger ; disclosing ; placing in any situation 
without protection ; offering to inspection or to sale. 

EX-Po-SI"TION, 77. 1. A laying open ; a setting to public 
view. 2. A situation in which a thing is exposed or laid 
open, or in which it has an unobstructed view, or in 
which a free passage to it is open. 3. Explanation ; in- 
terpretation. 

EX-POS'I-TiVE, a. Explanatory; laying open. 

EX-POS'I-TOR, 77. [L.] 1. One who expounds or explains ; 
an interpreter. 2. A dictionary or vocabulary which ex- 
plains words. 

EX-POS'I-TO-RY, a. Serving to explain or illustrate. 

EX Post FAU'TO. [L.] in Za?c, done after another thing. 
An ex post facto law, in criminal cases, consists in de- 
claring an act penal or criminal, which was innocent 
when done. — An ex post facto law is one that renders an 
act punishable in a manner in which it was not punisha- 
ble at the time it was committed. 

EX-POS'TU-LATE, V. 7. [L. expostulo.] To reason earn- 
estly with a person, on some impropriety of his con- 
duct. 

t EX-POS'TU-LATE, v. t. To discuss ; to examine. 

EX-POS'TU-LA-TING, ppr. Reasoning or urging argu- 
ments against any improper conduct. 

EX-POS-TU-La'TION, * 7. 1. Reasoning with a person in 
opposition to his conduct. — 2. In rhetoric, an address con- 
taining expostulation. 

EX-POS'TU-LA-TOR, n. One who expostulates. 

EX-POS'TU-LA-TO-RY, a. Containing expostulation. 

EX-Po'SURE, (ex-po'zhur) 77. 1. The act of exposing or 
laying open. 2. The state of being laid open to view, to 
danger, or to any inconvenience. 3. The situation of a 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 
\ 


\ 


EXP 321 EXT 


place in regard to points of compass, or to a free access of 
air or light. 

EX-POUND', V. t. [L. erpono.] 1. To explain; to lay 
open the meaning ; to clear of obscurity ; to interpret, 
sf To lay open ; to examine ; [o6s.] 

EX-POUND'ED, pp. Explained; interpreted. 

EX-POUND'ER, n. An explainer ; one who interprets. 

EX-POUND'ING, ppr. Explaining ; laying open ; making 
clear to the understanding ; interpreting. 

EX-PRe'FE€T, n. A prefect out of office. 

EX-PRES'I-DENT, ??. One who has been president, but 
is no longer in the office. 

EX-PRESS', V. t. [Sp. cxpresar.] 1. To press or squeeze 
out ; to force out by pressure. 2. To utter ; to declare in 
words ; to speak. 3. To write or engrave ; to represent in 
written words or language. 4. To represent ; to exhibit 
by copy or resemblance. 5. To represent or show by 
imitation or the imitative arts ; to form a likeness. G. To 
show or make known ; to indicate. 7. To denote ; to 
designate. 8. To extort ; to elicit. 

EX-PRESS', a. 1. Plain; clear; expressed; direct; not 
ambiguous. 2. Given in direct terms ; not implied or left 
to inference. 3. Copied ; resembling ; bearing an exact 
representation. 4. Intended or sent for a particular pur- 
])ose, or on a particular errand. 

EX-PRESS', n. 1. A messenger sent on a particular errand 
or occasion. 2. A message sent. 3. A declaration in 
plain terms ; [oZ/5.] 

EX-PRESS'ED, (ex-prest') pp. Squeezed or forced out, as 
juice or liquor; uttered in words ; set down in writing or 
letters ; declared ; represented ; shown. 

EX-PRESS'I-BLE, a. 1. That may be expressed ; that may 
be uttered, declared, shown or represented. 2. That 
mav he squeezed out. 

EX-PRESS' ING, ppr. Forcing out by pressure ; uttering; 
declaring ; showing ; representing. 

EX-PRES'SrON, n. 1. The act of expressing; the act of 
forcing out by pressure. 2. The act of uttering, declar- 
ing or representing; utterance; declaration; representa- 
tion. 3. A phrase, or mode of speech. — 4. In rAef one, el- 
ocution ; diction ; the peculiar manner of utterance, suit- 
ed to the subject and sentiment. — 5. In paintings a natu- 
ral and lively representation of the subject. — 6. In music, 
the tone, grace or modulation of voice or sound suited to 
any particular subject ; that manner which gives life and 
reality to ideas and sentiments. — 7. Theatrical expression 
'is a distinct, sonorous and pleasing pronunciation, accom- 
panied with action suited to the subject. 

EX-PRESS'IVE, a. I. Serving to express ; serving to utter 
or represent. 2. Representing with force ; empliatical. 
3. Sliowing ; representing. 

EX-PRESS'1V"E-LY, adv. In an expressive manner; clear- 
ly ; fully ; with a clear representation. 

EX-PRESS'IVE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being express- 
ive ; the power of expression or representation Ijy words. 
2. The power or force of representation ; the quality of 
presenting a subject strongly to the senses or to the mind. 

EX-l*RESS'LY, adv. In direct terms ; plainly. 

t EX-PRESS'NESS, n. The power of expression. Ham- 
mond. 

EX-PRESS'URE, n. Expression; utterance; representa- 
tion ; mark ; impression. [Little used.'\ 

* EX'PRO-BRATE, or EX-PRo'BRATE, v. t. [L. expro- 
hro.'\ To upbraid ; to censure as reproachful; to blame ; 
to condemn. 

EX-PR0-BRa'T10N , n. The act of charging or censuring 
reproachfully ; reproachful accusation ; the act of up- 
braiding. 

EX-PROB'RA-TiVE, a. Upbraiding ; expressing reproach. 

EX-PRO'PRI-ATE, 'V. t. [L. ex and proprius.'] To disen- 
gage from appropriation ; to hold no longer as one’s own; 
to give up a claim to exclusive property. 

EX-PRO-PRI-a'TION, n. The act of discarding appropri- 
ation, or declining to hold as one’s own. 

EX-PuGN', (ex-pune') v. t. [L. expugno,] To conquer ; 
to take by assault. Johnson. 

EX-PUG'NA-BLE, a. That may be forced. 

EX-PUG-Na'TION, n. Conquest ; the act of taking by as- 
sault. 

EX-PuGN'ER, (ex-pun'er) n. One who subdues. 

EX-PULSE', (ex-puls') v. t. [Fr. ezpulser.l To drive out ; 
to expel. [Little Shak. 

+ EX-PUL'SER, 71. An expeller. Cotgrave. 

EX-PUL'SION, n. I. The act of driving out or expelling ; 
a driving aw’ay by violence. 2. The state of being driven 
out or away. 

EX-PUL'SIVE, a. Having the power of driving out or 
away ; serving to expel. Wiseman. 

EX-PUN€'TTON, n. The act of expunging ; the act of blot- 
ting out or erasing. Milton. 

EX-PUNGE', (ex-punj') v. t. [L. expungo,] 1. To blot 
out, as with a pen ; to rub out ; to efface, as words ; to 
obliterate. 2. To efface ; to strike out ; to wipe out or de- 
stroy ; to annihilate. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE. 

21 


EX-PUNG'ED, (ex-punjd') pp. Blotted out ; obliterated ; 
destroyed. 

EX-PUNG'ING, ppr. Blotting out; erasing; effacing. 

EX 'PUR-GATE, v. t. [L. expurgo.] To purge ; to 
cleanse; to purify from any thing noxious, offensive or 
erroneous. 

EX'PUR-GA-TED, pp. Purged; cleansed; purified. 
EX'PUR-GA-TING, ppr. Purging; cleansing; purifying. 
EX-PUR-Ga'TION, 71. 1. The act of purging or cleansing ; 

evacuation. 2. A cleansing ; purification. 
EX'PUR-GA-TOR, n. One who expurgates or purifies, 
t EX-PUR-GA-TO'RI-OUS, a. Expunging. Milton. 
EX-PURG'A-TO-RY, a. Cleansing; purifying; serving to 
purify from any thing noxious or erroneous, 
f EX-PURGE', (ex-purj') v. t. [L. expurgo.] To purge 
away. Milton. 

t EX-UUlRE', V. t. [L. ezquiro ] To search into or out. 
EX'Q-UI-SITE, a. [L. exquisitus.] 1. Nice ; exact ; very 
excellent ; complete ; capable of nice perception ; capable 
of nice discrimination. 2. Being in the highest degree ; 
extreme. 3. Very sensibly felt. 

EX'Q.U1-?ITE-LY, adv. 1. Nicely ; accurately ; with 
great perfection. 2. With keen sensation or with nice 
perception. 

EX'Q.UI-SITE-NESS, n. 1. Nicety; exactness; accuracy; 
completeness; perfection. 2. Keenness; sharpness; ex- 
tremity. 

t EX-Q,Ul56'I-TiVE, a. Curious; eager to discover, 
f EX-UUIS'I-TlVE-LY, adv. Curiously ; minutely. 
EX-REP-RE-SENT'A-l’lVE, n. One who has been for- 
merly a representativ'e, but is no longer one. 
EX-SAN'GUI-OUS, a. [L. exsavguis.] Destitute of blood, 
or rather of red blood. 

EX-SCIND', V. t. [L. exscindo.] To cut off. [Little used.] 

I EX-SCRIBE', V. t. [L. exscribo.] To copy ; to transcribe, 
t EX'SCRIPT, V. A copy ; a transcript. 
EX-SEC'RE-TA-RY, 77. One who has been secretary, but 
is no longer in office. 

EX-SEC'TIoN, 77. [L. exsectio.] A cutting off. 
EX-SEN'A-TOR, n. One who has been a senator, but is 
no longer one. 

EX-SERT', ) a. [L. exsero.] Standing out; protruded 
EX-SERT'ED, ) from the corol. 

EX-SERT'lLE, a. That may be thrust out. 
EX-SI€'€ANT, a. Drying ; evaporating moisture ; having 
the quality of drying. 

* EX'iSie-CATE, or EX-SI€'€ATE, v. t. [L. exsicco.] To 
dry ; to exhaust or evaporate moisture. Broion. 

* EX'SI€-€A-TED, or EX-SI€'€A-TED, pp. Dried. 

^ EX'SIC-CA-TING, or EX-SIC'CA-TING, ppr. Drying ; 
evaporating moisture. 

EX-S1C-€a'TION, 77. The act or operation of drying; 

evaporation of moisture ; dryness. Brown. 
EX-SIC'GA-TTVE, a. Having the power of drying. 
EX-SPU-i"TION, \ 77. [L. expuo.] A discharge of saliva by 
EX-PU-l"TION, i spitting. 

EX-STIP'U-LATE, a. [L. ex and stipula.] In botany, hav- 
ing no stipules. 

EX-SUC'€OUS, a. [L. exsuccus.] Destitute of juice ; dry. 
Brown . 

EX-SU€'TION, 77. [L. exugo.] The act of sucking out. 
Boyle. 

EX-SU-DA'TION, n. [L. exudo.] 1. A sweating; a dis- 
charge of humors or moisture from animal bodies. 2. The 
discharge of the juices of a plant, moisture from the earth, 
&c. 

EX-SuDE', V. t. To discharge the moisture or juices of a 
living body through the pores ; also, to discharge the 
liqind matter of a phint by incisions. 

EX-SuDE', V. i. To flow from a living body through the 
pore^, or by a natural discharge, as juice. 

EX-SuD'ED, pp. Emitted, as juice. 

EX-SuD'ING, ppr. Discharging, as juice. 
EX-SUF-FLA'TION, 77. [L. ex and 6-7/# e.] J. A blowing 
or blast from beneath. 2. A kind of exorcism, 
t EX-SUF'FO-LATE, a. Contemptible. Shah. 
t EX-SUS'CI-TATE, v. t. [L. exsuscito.] To rouse ; to ex- 
cite. 

f EX-SUS-CI-Ta'TION, 77. A stirring up; a rousing, 
t EX'TANCE, 77. [L. extans.] Outward existence. 
EX'TAN-CY, 77. [L, e.r5i77 775.] I. The state of rising above 
others. 2. Parts rising above the rest ; [Utile used.] 
Boyle. 

EX'TANT, a. [L. exstans, extans,] 1. Standing out or 
above any surfiice ; protruded. 2. In being; now sub- 
sisting ; not suppressed, destroyed or lost. 

EX'TA-SY, EX-TAT'IC. See Ecstasy, Ecstatic. 
EX-TEM'PO-RAL, a, [Li. extemporalis,] 1. Made or uttered 
at the moment, without premeditation. 2. Speaking 
without premeditation. Instead of this word, extempora 
neons and extemporary are now used. 
EX-TExM'PO-RAL-LY,‘ttdn. Without premeditation, 
t EX-TEM-PO-RA'NE-AN. See Extemporaneous. 
EX-TEM-PO-Ra'NE-OUS, a. [L. extemporancus.] Conxr 


•C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete-. 


EXT 


322 


EXT 


posed, performed or uttered at the time the subject occurs, 
without previous study ; unpremeditated. 

EX-TEM-P0-11a'NE-0(JS-LY, adv. Without previous 
study. 

EX-'J'EM'PO-RA-RT-LY, adv. Without previous study. 

EX-TEM'PO-RA-RY, a. [L. ez and temporarius.^ Com- 
posed, performed or uttered without previous study or 
preparation. 

EX-'l’EAl'PO-RE, adv. [L.] 1. Without previous study or 
meditation j without preparation ; suddenly. 2. It is 
used as an adjective^ iinproi)erly, or at least without ne- 
cessity. 

EX-TEAPPO-RI-NESS, n. The state of being unpremedi- 
tated j the state of being composed, performed or uttered 
without previous study. 

EX-TEM'PO-RIZE, v. i. 1. To speak extempore ; to speak 
without previous study or preparation. 2. To discourse 
without notes or written composition. 

EX-TEM'PO-RiZ-ER, n. One who speaks without previous 
study, or without written composition. 

EX-TEiM'PO-RIZ-ING, ppr. Speaking without previous 
study, or preparation by writing. 

EX-TEND', V. t. [L. extendo.'\ 1. To stretch in any direc- 
tion ; to carry forward, or continue in length, as a line; 
to spread in breadth ; to expand or dilate in size. 2. To 
stretch ; to reach forth. 3. To spread ; to expand ; to 
enlarge; to widen. 4. To continue; to prolong; jis, to 
extend the time of payment. 5. To communicate ; to be- 
stow on ; to use or exercise towards, (j. To impart ; to 
yield or give.— 7. In law^ to value lands taken by a writ 
of extent in satisfaction of a debt; or to levy on lands, a^ 
an execution. 

EX-TEND', V. i. To stretch ; to reach ; to be continued in 
length or breadth. 

EX-TEND'ED, pp. Stretched; spread; expanded; enlarg- 
ed ; bestowed on ; communicated ; levied. 

EX-TEXD'ER, n. He or that which extends or stretches. 

EX-TEND'[-BLE, a. Capable of being extended. 

EX-TEXD'ING, jypr. Stretching ; reaching ; continuing in 
length ; spreading ; enlarging ; valuing. 

t EX-TENDa.ESS-NESS, n. Unlimited extension. 

EX-TENS-I-BILT-TY, n. The capacity ot being extended, 
or of suffering extension. 

EX-TENST-BLE, a. That may be extended ; susceptible 
of enlargement. 

EX-TENS'1-BLE-NESS, n. Extensibility. 

EX-TENSTLE, a. Capable of being extended. 

EX-TEN'SION, n. [L. extejisio.] 1. The act of extending ; 
a stretching. 2. The state of being extended; enlarge- 
ment in breadth, or continuation of length. — 3. In philos- 
ophy^ that property of a body by which it occupies a por- 
tion of space. 

t EX TEX'SION-AL, a. Having great extent. More. 

EX-TENS'IVE, a. 1. Wide; large; having great enlarge- 
ment or extent. 2. That may be extended ; 

EX-TEXSTVE-LY, adv. Widely ; to a great extent. 

EX-TENSTVE-NESS, n. 1. Wideness; largeness; extent. 

2. Extent ; diffusiveness. 3. Capacity of being extend- 
ed. Ray. 

EX-TENS'OR, 71. In anatomy, a muscle which serves to 
extend or straighten any part of the body. 

EX-TENT', a. Extended. Spenser. 

EX-TENT', n. [L. exteiitiis.] 1. Space or degree to which 
a thing is extended ; compass ; bulk ; size. 2. Length. 

3. Communication ; distribution. — 4. In laic, a writ of 
execution, or extendi facias, commanding a sheriff to value 
the lands of a debtor. 

EX-TEN'U-ATE, v. t. [L. extenuo.] 1. To make thin, 
lean or slender. 2. To lessen ; to diminish, as a crime 
or guilt. 3. To lessen in representation ; to palliate. 4. 
To lessen or diminish in honor. 5. To make thin or rare. 

t EX-TEN'U-ATE, a. Thin ; slender. 

iSX-TEN'U-A-TED, pp. Made thin, lean or slender ; made 
smaller ; lessened ; diminished ; palliated. 

EX-TEN'U-A-TING, ppr. Making thin or slender ; lessen- 
ing ; diminishing ; palliating ; making rare. 

EX-TEN-U-a'TION, n. 1. The act of making thin ; the 
process of growing thin or lean ; the losing of flesh. 2. 
The act representing any thing less w’rong, faulty or 
criminal than it is in fact; palliation. 3. Mitigation; 
alleviation. 

EX-TiC'RI-OR, a. [L.] 1. External; outward; applied to 
the outside or outer surface of a body, and opposed to 
interior. 2. External ; on the outside, with reference to 
a person ; extrinsic. 3. Foreign ; relating to foreign na- 
tions^. 

EX-Tk'RI-OR, n. 1. The outward surface; that which is 
external. 2. Outward or visible deportment; appearance. 

t EX-TE-RI-OR'I-TY, n. Outwardness ; the superficies. 
Cotirrave. 

EX-Tk'R[-OR-LY, adv. Outwardly ; externally. 

EX-Ti7:'Rl-ORS, n. plu. 1. The outward parts of a thing. 
2. Outward or external deportment, or forms and cere- 
monies ; visible acts. 


EX-TERM'I-NATE, V. t. [L. eztermino.] 1. To destroy 
utterly ; to drive away ; to extirpate. 2. To eradicate ; 
to root out ; to extirpate. 3. To root out, as plants ; to 
extirpate. — 4. In algebra, to take away. 

EX-TERM'I-NA-TEU, pp. Utterly driven away or destroy- 
ed ; eradicated ; extirpated. 

EX-TERM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Driving away, or totally de- 
stroying ; eradicating ; extirpating. 

EX-TERM-I-Na'TION, n. 1. The act of exterminating; 
total expulsion or destruction; eradication; extirpation; 
excision. — 2. In algebra, a taking away. 

EX-TERM'I-NA-TOR, 71. He or that which exterminates. 

EX-TERM'I-NA-TO-RY, a. Serving to exterminate. 

I EX-TERAI'INE, v. t. To exterminate. Shak. 

EX-TERN', a. [L. extenius.'] 1, External ; outward ; vis- 
ible. 2. Without itself ; not inherent ; not intrinsic. 

EX-TERN'AL, a. [L. externus.] 1. Outward; exterior; 
as the external surface of a body ; opposed to internal, 
2. Outward ; not intrinsic ; not being within. 3. Exte- 
rior ; visible ; apparent. 4. Foreign ; relating to or con- 
nected with foreign nations. 

EX-TER-NAL'1-TY, n. External perception. A. Smith, 

EX-TERN'ATi-LY, adv. 1. Outwardly; on the outside. 
2. In appearance ; visibly. 

EX-TERN'ALS, n. plu. 1. The outward parts ; exterior 
form. 2. Outward rites and ceremonies ; visible forms. 

EX-TER-Ra'NE-OUS, a. \1j. exterraneus.^ Foreign; com- 
ing from abroad. 

EX-TER'SION, 71. [L. extersio.'] The act of wiping or rub- 
bing out. 

EX-TILL', V. i. [L. extillo.] To drop or distil from. 

EX-TIL-La'TION, n. The act of falling in drops. 

t EX-TIM'U-LATE. See Stimulate. 

EX-TIM-U-La'TION. See Stimulation. 

EX-TINOT', a. \h. extinctus.] 1. Extinguished ; put out ; 
quenched. 2. Being at an end ; having no survivor. 3. 
Being at an end ; having ceased. 4. Being at an end, by 
abolition or disuse; having no force. 

t EX-TINOT', V. t. To make extinct ; to put out. Acts of 
Pari. 

EX-TIN€'TION, n. [L. extinctio.'] 1. The act of putting 
out or destroying light or fire. 2. The state of being ex- 
tinguished, quenched or suffocated. 3. Destruction ; ex- 
cision. 4. Destruction ; suppression ; a putting an end to. 

EX-TIN'GUISH, v.t. [L. extinguo.'] 1. To put out; to 
quench ; to suffocate ; to destroy. 2. To destroy ; to put 
an end to. 3. To cloud or obscure by superior splendor. 

EX-TIN'GUISH-A-BLE, a. That may be quenched, de- 
stroyed or suppressed. 

EX-TIN'GUISHED, pp. Put out ; quenched ; stifled ; sup- 
pressed ; destroyed. 

EX-TIN'GUISH-ER, n. 1. He or that which extinguishes. 
2. A hollow conical utensil to be put on a candle to ex- 
tinguish it. 

EX-TIN'GUISH-ING, ppr. Putting out; quenching; sup- 
pressing ; destroying. 

EX-TIN'GLTSH-MENT, n. 1. The act of putting out or 
quenching ; extinction ; suppression ; destruction. 2. Ab- 
olition ; nullification. 3. Extinction ; a putting an end 
to, or a coming to an end ; termination. 4. The putting 
an end to a right or estate, by consolidation or union. 

t EX-TiRP', V. t. To extirpate. Spenser. 

EX-TiRP'A-BLE, a. That may be eradicated. 

* EX'TIR-PATE, or EX-TiR PATE, v. t. [L. extirpo.] 
I. To pull or pluck up by the roots ; to root out; to erad- 
icate ; to destroy totally. 2. To eradicate ; to root out ; 
to destroy wholly. — 3. In surgery, to cut out ; to cut off' ; 
to eat out ; to remove. 

* EX'TIR-PA-TED, or EX-TiR'PA-TED, pp. Plucked up 
bv the roots ; rooted out ; eradicated ; totally destroyed. 

* EX'TIR-PA-TING, or EX-TiR'PA-TING, ppr Pulling 
up or out by the roots ; eradicating ; totally destroying. 

EX-TIR-Pa'TION, n. The act of rooting out ; eradication; 
excision ; total destruction. 

EX'TIR-PA-TOR, 71. One who roots out ; a destroyer. 

f EX-TI-SPl"CIOUS, a. [L. extispicium.] Augurial ; rela- 
ting to the inspection of entrails in order to prognostica- 
tion. Brown. 

EX-TOL', V. t. [L. extollo.'] To raise in words or eulogy ; 
to praise ; to exalt in commendation ; to magnify. 

EX-TOL'LED, (ex-told') ppr. Exalted in commendation ; 
praised ; magnified. 

EX-TOL'LER, n. One who praises or magnifies ; a praiser 
or magnifier. 

EX-TOL'LTNG, ppr. Praising; exalting by praise or com- 
mendation ; magnifying. 

EX-TORS'IVE, a. Serving to extort ; tending to draw from 
by compulsion. 

EX-TORS'IVE-LY, adv. In an extorsive manner. 

EX-TORT'. V. t. [L. extortus.'] 1. To draw from by force 
or compulsion ; to wrest or wring from. 2. To gain by 
violence or oppression. 

EX-TORT', v.i. To practice extortion. Spenser. 

I EX-TORT', pp. for extorted, Spenser. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, U, Y, long — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PR£Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete, 


EXT 


323 


EXU 


EX-TORT^ED, pp. Drawn from by compulsion. 

EX-TORT'ER, w. One vviio extorts. Camden. 

EX-TORT'ING, ppr. Wresting from by force. 

EX-TOR'TION, n. 1. The act of extorting; the act or 
practice of wresting any thing from a person by force, 
duress, menaces, authority, or by any undue exercise of 
power; illegal exaction; illegal compulsion. 2. Force 
or illegal compulsion, by whiclr any thing is taken from a 
person. 

EX-TOR'TION-ER, n. One who practices extortion. 

EX-TOR'TIOUS, a. Oppressive; violent; unjust. 

EX'TRA, a Latin preposition^ denoting beyond or excess ; 
as, eztra-iovrk, extra-pay^ work or pay beyond what is 
usual or agreed on. 

EX-TRACT', V. t. [L. extractiis.] 1. To draw out. 2. To 
draw out, as the juices or essence of a substance, by dis- 
tillation, solution or other means. 3. To take out; to 
take from. 4. To take out or select a part ; to take a 
passage or passages from a book or writing. — 5. In a gen- 
eral sense, to draw from by any means or operation. 

EX'TRACT, n. 1. That which is extracted or drawn from 
something. — 2. In literature, a passage taken from a book 
or writing. — 3. In pharmacy, any thing drawn from a 
substance, as essences, tinctures, &c. — 4. In chemistry, a 
peculiar principle, supposed to form the basis of all vege- 
table extracts; called also the extractive principle. 5. Ex- 
traction; descent; [oZ>5.] 

EX-TRACT'ED, pp. Drawn or taken out. 

EX-TRACT'ING, jjpr. Drawing or taking out. 

EX-TRAG'TION, ii. [L. extractio.'] 1. l ire act of drawing 
out. 2. Descent; lineage; birth; derivation of persons 
from a stock or family. — 3. In pharmacy, the operation of 
drawing essences, tinctures, &c. from a substance. — ^1. In 
arithmetic and algebra, the extraction of roots is the oper- 
ation of finding the root of a given number or quantity ; 
also, the method or rule by wliich the operation is per- 
formed. 

EX-TRACTTVE, a. That may be extracted. Kir wan. 

EX-TRACTRVE, n. The proximate principle of vegetable 
extracts. 

EX-TRACT'OR, n. In midwifery, a forceps or instrument 
for extracting children. 

f EX-TRA-DIC'TION-A-RY, a. [L. ezfra and dictio.] Con- 
sisting not in words, but in realities. Broicn. 

EX-TRA-Do/TAL, a. Not belonging to dower ; parapher- 
nal. Kent. 

EX-TRx\-FO-LT-a'CEOUS, a. [L. extra and folium.'] In 
botany, growing on the outside of a leaf. 

EX-TRA-GE'NE-OUS, a. [L. extra and genus.] Belonging 
to another kind 

EX-'I’llA-JU-DI 'CIAL, a. Out of the proper court, or the 
ordinary course of legal procedure. 

EX-TRA-JU-DT'CIAL-LY, adv. In a manner out of the 
ordinary course of legal proceedings. 

EX-TRA-LllVI'I-TA-RY, a. [extra and limit.] Being be- 
yond the limit or bounds. Mitford. 

EX-TRA-MIS'SION, n. A sending out ; emission. 

EX-TRA-MUN'DANE, a. [L. extra and /awadus.] Beyond 
the limit of the material world. 

EX-TRa'NE-OUS, a. [L. extraneus.] Foreign ; not be- 
longing to a tiling ; existing without ; not intrinsic. 

EX-TUAOR'Dr-NA-RIES, n, plu. Things which exceed 
the usual order, kind or method. 

EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RI-LY, (ex-tror'de-na-ri-ly) adv. In a 
manner out of the ordinary or usual method ; beyond the 
common course, limits or order ; in an uncommon degree ; 
remarkably ; particularly ; eminently. 

EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-III-NESS, n. Uncommonness ; re- 
111 n rlc c\hl0ri0ss • 

EX-TRAOR'D[-NA-RY, (ex-tror'de-na-ry) a. [L. extraor- 
dinarius,] 1. Beyond or out of the common order or 
method ; not in the usual, customary or regular course ; 
not ordinary. 2. Exceeding the common degree or meas- 
ure ; hence, remarkable ; uncommon ; rare ; wonderful. 
3. Special ; particular ; sent for a special purpose, or on a 
particular occasion. 

EX-TRAORT)[-NA-RY, v. Any thing which exceeds or- 
din.ary method or computation. Uncommon in the singu- 
lar number. 

EX-TRAOR'DI-NA-RY, adv. Extraordinarily. 

EX-TRA-PA-Ro'GIII-AL, a. [extra and parochial.] Not 
within the limits of any parish. 

EX-TRA-PRO-FES'SION-AL, a. Foreign to a profession ; 
not within the ordinary limits of professional duty. 

EX-TRA-FRO-VIN'CIAL, a. Not within tlie same prov- 
ince. 

EX-TRA-REGTT-LAR, a. [extra and regular.] Not com- 
prehended within a rule or rules. Taylor. 

EX-TRA-TER-RI-To'Rl-AL, a. Being beyond or without 
the limits of a territory or particular jurisdiction. 

I EX-TRAITGHT, old pp. of extract. 

EX-TRAV'A-GANCE, ) n. [L. extra and vagans.] 1. Lit- 

EX-TRAV'A-GAN-CY, ^ erally, a wandering beyond a 
limit. 2. A going beyond the limits of strict truth, or 


probability. 3. Excess of affection, passion or appetite. 
4. Excess in expenditures of property; the expending of 
money without necessity, or beyond what is reasonable 
or proper ; dissipation. 5. Any excess or wandering from 
prescribed limits ; irregularity ; wildness. 
EX-TRAV^A-GAJNT, a. 1. Literally, wandering beyond 
limits. 2. Excessive ; exceeding due bounds ; unreason- 
able. 3. Irregular ; wild ; not within ordinary limits of 
truth or probability, or otlier usual bounds. 4. Exceeding 
necessity or propriety ; wasteful. 5. Prodigal ; profuse 
in expenses. 

EX-TRA\ 'A-GANT, n. One who is confined to no general 
rule. Id Estrange. 

EX-TRAV'A-GANT-LY, adv. 1. In an extravagant man 
ner ; wildly ; not within the limits of truth or probability. 
2. Unreasonably ; excessively. 3. In a manner to use 
property without necessity or propriety, or to no good 
purpose ; expensively, or profusely to an unjustifiable 
degree. 

EX-TRA VLA-GANT-NESS, n. Excess ; extravagance. 
EX-TRAVfiA-GAXTS, n. In church history, certain decre- 
tal epistles or constitutions of the popes, 
t EX-TRAV'A-GATE, v. i. To wander beyond limits. 
EX-TRAV-A-Ga'T 10N, n. Excess; a wandering beyond 
limits. SmoUct. 

EX-TRAVfi\-SA-TED, a. [L. extra and rasa.] Forced or 
let out of its proper vessels. Arbuthnot. 
EX-TRAV-A-bA'TlON, n. The act of forcing or letting out 
of its proper vessels or ducts, as a ffuid ; the state of l^ing 
forced or let out of its containing vessels ; effusion, 
t EX-TRA-V f.'NATE, a. Let out of the veins. 
EX-TRA-VER'SION, n. The act of throwing out ; the state 
of being turned or throwui out. [Little iised.] 
t EX-TReAT', ?i. Extraction. Spenser. 

EX-TReME', a. [L. extremus.] 1. Outermost; utmost; 
farthest ; at the utmost point, edge, or border. 2. (great- 
est ; most violent ; utmost. 3. Lfist ; beyond wliich 
there is none. 4. Utmost ; worst or best that can exist 
or be supposed. 5. Most pressing. — Extreme unction, 
among the Romanists, is the anointing of a sick person 
with oil, when decrepit with age, or affected with some 
niortal_ disease, and usually just before death. 
EX-TReME', n. 1. The utmost point or verge of a thing ; 
that part which terminates a body; extremity. 2. Lt- 
most point; furthest degree. — 3. In logic, the extremes 
or extreme terms of a syllogism are the predicate and sub- 
ject. — 4. In mathematics , the extremes are the first and 
last terms of a proportion. 

EX-TReME'LY, adv. I. In the utmost degree ; to the ut- 
most point. — 2. In familiar language, very much ; 
greatly. 

EX-TREM'T-TY, n. [L. extremitas.] 1. The utmost point 
or side ; the verge ; the point or border that terminates a 
thing. 2. The utmost parts. 3. 3'he utmost point ; the 
highest or furthest degree. 4. Extreme or utmost dis- 
tress, straits or difficulties. 5. The utmost rigor or vio- 
lence. 6. The most aggravated state. 

EX'TRI-CA-BLE, a. That can be extricated. 
EX'TRI-CATE, V. t. [L. extrico.] 1. To disentangle ; to 
free from difficulties or perplexities ; to disembarrass. 2. 
To send out ; to cause to be emitted or evolved. 
EX'TRI-CA-TED, pp. Disentangled ; freed from difficulties 
and perplexities; disembarrassed ; evolved. 
EX'TRI-CA-TING, Disentangling; disembarrassing; 
evolving. 

EX-TRI-Ca'TION, w. ]. The act of disentangling ; a free- 
ing from perplexities ; disentanglement. 2. The act of 
sending out or evolving. 

EX-TRIN'SIC, ) a. [L. cxtrinseczis.] External; out- 
EX-TRIN'SI-CAL, \ ward ; not contained in or belonging 
to a body. 

EX-TRIX'SI-CV\L-LY, adv. From without ; externally, 
t EX-TRUCT, V. t. [L. extructus.] To build ; to construct, 
t EX-TRUC'TION, n. A building. 

EX-TRUCT'IVE, a. Forming into a structure. Fulhe. 
t EX-TRUCT'OR, n, A builder ; a fabricator; a contriver. 
EX-TRuDE', V. t. [L. extrudo.] 1. To thrust out; to 
urge, force or press out; to expel. 2, To drive away ; to 
drive off. 

EX-TRuD'ED, pp. Thrust out ; driven out ; expelled. 
EX-TRuD'ING, ppr. Thrusting out ; expelling. 
EX-TRU'SION, n. The act of thrusting or throwing out ; a 
driving out ; expulsion. 

EX-Tu'BER-.\N(jE, ) n. [L. extuherans.] 1. In medicine, 
EX-Tu'BER-AN-CY, \ a swelling or rising of the flesh ; 

a protuberant part. 2. A knob or swelling part of a body. 
EX-Tu'BE-RANT, a. Swelled; standing out. 
t EX-Tu'BER-ATE, v. i. [L. extubero,] To swell. 
EX-TU-MES CENCE, n. [L. extuynescens,] A sw^elling or 
rising. [Little used.] 

EX-U'BER-ANCE, )n, [L, exyeberans.] L An abundance ; 
EX-U'BER-AN-CY, | an overflowing quantity ; richness! 
2. Superfluous abundance ; luxuriance, 3. Overgrow'th; 
superfluous shoots, as of trees. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z j CH as SH j TH as in this, f ObsoltU. 


FAB 


324 


FAB 


EX-U'BER-ANT, a. 1. Abundant; plenteous; rich. 2. 
Overabundant; superfluous ; luxuriant. 3. Pouring forth 
abundance ; producing in plenty. 

£X-U'BEll-ANT-LY, adv. Abundantly; very copiously; 
in great plenty ; to a superfluous degree. 

EX-U'BER-ATE, v. i. [L. exubero.l To abound; to be in 
great abundance. [Little used.] 

EX-U€'eOUS, a. [L. exsuccus.] Without juice ; dry. 
Brown. 

*EX'U-DATE, or EX-UDE', v. t. and i. See Exsude, the 
preferable orthography. 

EX-U-Da'T10N, n. See Exsudation. 

EX-UD'ED, pp. See Exsuded. 

EX-lfD'iNG, ppr. See Exsuding. 

EX-UL'CER-ATE, V. t. [L. exulcero.] 1. To cause an ul- 
cer. 2. To afflict ; to corrode ; to fret or anger. 

EX-UL'CER-ATE, v. i. To become an ulcer, or ulcerous. 

EX-UL'CER-ATE, a. Wounded ; vexed ; enraged. Brown. 

EX-UL'CER-A-TED, pp. Affected with ulcers. 

EX-UL'CER-A-TING, Producing ulcers on ; fretting; 
becoming ulcerous. 

EX-U1j-CER-a'TIOX, n. 1. The act of causing ulcers on a 
body, or the process of becoming ulcerous ; the beginning 
erosion wliich wears away the substance, and forms an 
ulcer. 2. A fretting ; exacerbation; corrosion. 

EX-UL'CER-A-TO-RY, a. Having a tendency to form ul- 
cers. 

EX-ULT', (egz-ulP) v. i. [L. exulto.] To rejoice in tri- 
umph ; to rejoice exceedingly at success or victory ; to be 
glad above measure ; to triumph. 

I FX Ui"t' \N^Y I”' Ildtnmond. 

EX-ULT'ANT, a. Rejoicing triumphantly. More. 

EX-UL-Ta'T 10N, n. The act of exulting ; lively joy at 
success or victory, or at any advantage gained ; great 
gladness; rapturous delight; triumph. 

EX-ULT'ING, ppr. Rejoicing greatly or in triumph. 

f EX-UN'DATE, v. i. To overflow. 

EX-UX-Da TION, n. [L. ex%indatio.] An overflowing 
abundance^ [Little used.] Ray. 

t EX-U'PER-ATE, v. t. To excel ; to surmount. 

f EX-UR 6FJVT, a. [L. exurgens.] Arising ; commencing. 
Dr. Favour. 

f EX-US'CI-TATE, v. i. [L. exsuscito.] To stir up ; to rouse. 

t EX-US7'', V. f. [1j. exustus.] To burn. Cockeram. 

EX-US'TION, n. [L. ea;usfws.] The act or operation of 
burning up. 

EX-UVI-iE, n. plu. [L.] 1. Cast skins, shells or cover- 

ings of animals. 2. The spoils or remains of animals 
found in the earth. 

EY, in old writers, Sax. ig, signifies an isle. 

E?'AS, n. [Fr. uiais.] A young hawk just taken from the 
nest, not able to prey for itself. Shah. 

fEY'AS, a. Unfledged. Spenser. 

EY'AS-MUSflCET, n. A young unfledged male hawk, of 
the musket kind, or sparrow-hawk. Shak. 

EYE, (I) n. [Sax. eag, eah.] 1. The organ of sight or vis- 
ion ; properly, the globe or ball movable in the orbit. 2. 
sight ; view ; ocular knowledge. 3. Look ; countenance. 
4. Front; face. 5. Direct opposition. 6. Aspect; re- 
gard ; respect ; view. 7. N^otice ; observation ; vigilajice ; 
watch. 8. View of the mind ; opinion formed by obser- 
vation or contemplation. 9. Sight; view, either in a lit- 
eral or figurative sense. 10. Something resembling the 
eye in form. 11. A small hole or aperture ; a perforation. 


12. A small catch for a hook ; as we say, hooks and eyes, 

13. The bud of a plant ; a shoot. 14. A small shade of 
color ; [little used.] 15. The power of perception. 16. 
Oversight; inspection. — The eyes of a are the parts 
which lie near the hawse-holes, particularly, in the lower 
apartments. — To set the eyes on is to see ; to have a sight 
of. — To find favor in the eyes is to be graciously received 
and treated. 

EYE, n. A brood ; as, an eye of pheasants. 

EYE, V. t. To fix the eye on ; to look on ; to view ; to ob- 
serve ; particularly, to observe or watch narrowly. 

EYE, V. i. To appear ; to have an appearance. Shak. 

EYE'BALL, n. The ball, globe or apple of the eye. 

EYE'BkAM, n. A glance of the eye. Shak. 

EYE'BoLT, n. In ships, a bar of iron or bolt, with an eye, 
formed to be driven into the deck or sides. 

EYE BRIGH'J’, 7i. A genus of plaiRs^ the euphrasia. 

EY"E'BRlGHT-EN-IXG, n. A clearing of the sight. 

EYE^BllOW, n. The brow or hairy arch above the eye. 

EYED, pp. 1. Viewed; observed; watched. 2. a. Hav- 
ing eyes ; used in composition. 

EYE'DROP, n. A tear. Shak. 

EYE'GLANCE, n. A glance of the eye ; a rapid look. 

EyE'GLASS, w. a glass to assist the sight ; spectacles. 

[ EYE'-GLUT-TING, 71. A feasting of the eyes. Spenser. 

EYE'LASH, 71. The line of hair that edges the eyelid. 

EYE'LESS, a. Wanting eyes ; destitute of sight. 

EYE'LET, 71. [Fr. a;illet.] A small hole or perforation, to 
receive a lace or small rope or cord. 

EYE'Ll-AD, n. [Fr. willade.] A glance of the eye. 

EYE'LID, 71. The cover of the eye ; that portion of mova- 
ble skin with which an animal covers the eyeball, or un- 
covers it, at pleasure. 

EYE'-OF-FEXD'ING, a. That hurts the eyes. Shak. 

EYE'-PLeAS-ING, a. Pleasing the eye. Davies. 

EY'ER, 71. One who eyes another. Gayton. 

EYE'-SALVE, 7J. Ointment for the eye. Revelation. 

EYE'-SER-VANT, w. A servant who attends to his duty 
only when watched. 

EYE'-SER-ViCE, n. Service performed only under inspec- 
tion or the eye of an ejnployer. 

EYE'SHOT, 71. Sight ; view ; glance of the eye. Dryden. 

EYE'SiGHT, n. 1. The sight of the eye ; view; observa- 
tion. 2. The sense of seeing. 

EYE'SORE, 71. Something offensive to the eye or sight. 

EYE'SPIilCE, n. In seanien^s language, a sort of eye or 
circle at the end of a rope. Mar. Diet. 

EYE'SPOT-TED, a. Marked with spots like eyes. Spenser, 

EyE'STONE, 7^. A small calcarious stone, used for taking 
substances from between the lid and ball of the eye. 

EyE’STRING, 71. The tendon by which the eye is mov- 
ed. 

EYE'TOOTH, n. A tooth under the eye ; a pointed tooth 
in the upper jaw next to the grinders, called also a canine 
tooth ; a fang. 

EYEAVINK, 7/. A wink, or motion of the eyelid. 

EYE'-WIT-NESS, 71. One who sees a thing done ; one who 
has ocular view of any thing. 

EY'OT, 71. A little isle. Blackstone. 

*EYRE, (ire) tj. [Old Fr.] 1. Literally, a journey or cir- 
cuit. In England, the justices in eyre were itinerant 
judges, who rode the circuit to hold courts in the different 
counties. 2. A court of itinerant justices. 

*EY'RY, 7f. The place where birds of prey construct their 
nests and hatch. It is written also Sec Aerie. 



F the sixth letter of the English Alphabet, is a labial ar- 
j ticulation, formed by placing the upper teeth on the 
under lip, and accompanied with an emission of breath. 
Its kindred letter is v, which is chiefly distinguished from 
/by being more vocal, or accompanied with more sound, 
as may be perceived by pronouncing ef, cv. F, in English, 
has one uniform sound, as in father, after. F stands for 
fellow I F. R. S., Fellow of the Royal Society. 

F or FA, in music, is the fourth note rising in this order in 
the gamut, ut, re, mi, fa. 

FA-Ba (yEOUS, a. [Low L. fabaceus.] Having the nature 
of a bean ; like a bean. 

Fa Bl-AX, a. Delaying; dilatory; avoiding battle, in imi- 
tation of Cl. Fabius Maximus. 

Fa'BLE, 71. [h.fabnla; Fr. fable.] 1. A feigned story or 
tale, intended to instruct or amuse ; a fictitious narration 
intended to enforce some useful truth or precept. 2. Fic- 
tion in general. 3. An idle story ; vicious or vulgar fic- 
tions. 4. The plot, or connected series of events, in an 
epic or dramatic poem. 5. Falsehood ; a softer term for 
a lie. ^ 


Fa'BLE, V. {. 1. To feign; to write fiction. 2. To tell 
falsehoods. 

Fa'BLE, V. t. To feign ; to invent ; to devise and speak of 
as true or real. 

Fa'BLED, pp. 1. Feigned ; invented, as stories. 2. a. 

Told or celebrated in fables. Tickel. 

Fa'BLER, n. A writer of fables or fictions; a dealer in 
feigned stories. Johnson. 

Fa'BLING, ppr. Feigning; devising, as stories; writing 
or uttering false stories. 

* FAB'RlG, n. [L. fabrica.] I. The structure of any thing ; 
the manner in which the parts of a thing are united by 
art and labor ; workmanship ; texture. 2. The frame or 
structure of a building ; construction ; the building itself ; 
an edifice ; a house ; a temple ; a church ; a bridge, &c. 
3. Any system composed of connected parts. 4. Cloth 
manufactured. 

* FAB'RIC, V. t. To frame ; to build ; to construct. 
FAB'RI-CATE, V. t. [Ij.fabrico.] 1. To frame ; to build ; 

to construct ; to form a whole by connecting its parts. 2. 


* See Sijnopsis. a, E, I, 0, tJ, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD j — f Obsolete, 


FAC 


325 


To form by art and labor ; to manufacture. 3. To invent 
and form ; to forge ; to devise falsely. 4. To coin. 

FAIi'Kl-€A-'l’ED, pp. Framed; constructed; built ; man- 
ufactured ; invented; devised falsely; forged. 

FAB'ili-EA-TlNG, ppr. Framing; constructing ; manufac- 
turing; devising falsely ; forging. 

FAB-ivl-£/’A'TiON, n. 1. The act of framing or construct- 
ing ; construction. 2. The act of manufacturing. 3. Tlie 
act of devising falsely ; forgery. 4. That wliich is fabri- 
cated ; a falsehood. 

F All' it l-G A-TOR, 7t. One that constructs or makes. 

fFAR'IlILE, a. [L. fahrilis.^ Pertaining to handicrafts. 

FAIHJ-L^S'l’, n. The inventor or writer of fables. 

FAB'CJ-LiZE, V. t. To invent, compose or relate fables. 

FAB-U-LOS'I-TY^, ?j. Fabulousness; fullness of fables. 

FABMJ-LOUS, a. 1. Feigned, as a story; devised; ficti- 
tious. 2. Related in fable ; described or celebrated in fa- 
bles ; invented ; not real. 3. The fabulous age of Greece 
and Rome was the early age of those countries. 

FAB-O-LOUS-LY, adv. In a fabulous manner. 

FAB'U-LOLTS-NESS, n. The quality of being fabulous. 

FAB'UR-DEN, n. [Fr. fauxbou7-dun.] In music j simple 
counterpoint. 

Fx-VC-ADE' (fas-sade') 71. [Fr.] Front. Wai'ton. 

FACE, 71. iFt. face ; U. faccia.] 1. In a general sense, the 
surface of a thing, or the side which presents itself to the 
view of a spectator. 2. A part of the surface of a thing ; 
or the plane surface of a solid. 3. The surface of the fore 
part of an animal’s head, particularly , of the human head ; 
the visage. 4. Countenance; cast of features ; look; air 
of the face. 5. The front of a tiling ; the fore part ; the 
flat surface that presents itself first to view. 6. Visible 
state ; ajipearance. 7. Appearance ; look. 8. State of 
confrontation. 9. Confidence; boldness ; impudence ; a 
bold front. 10. Presence ; sight. 11. The person. 12. 
In Scripture, face is used for anger or favor. — To set the 
face against, is to oppose. 13. A distorted form of the 
face. — Face to face, nakedly ; without the interposition 
of any other body. 

FACE, 0 . t. 1. To meet in front ; to oppose with firmness ; 
to resist, or to meet for the purpose of stopping or opposing. 
2. To htand opposite to ; to stand with the face or front 
towards. 3. To cover with additional superficies ; to 
cover in front. — To face down, to oppose boldly or impu- 
dently. 

FACE, e. i. 1. To carry a false appearance; to play the 
liypocrite. 2. To turn the face. 

FaCE'CLOTH, 77. A cloth laid over the face of a corpse. 
Brand. 

Fa'CEU, (faste) pp. Covered in front. — In composition, de- 
noting the kind of face, as full-faced. Bailey. 

FACE'LESS, a. Without a face. 

FaCE'PAINT-ER, 77. A painter of portraits ; one who 
draws the likeness of the face. 

FaCE'PAINT-ING, 77. The act or art. of painting por- 
traits. 

FxAC ET, 77. [Fr. facette.'\ A little face; a small surface ; 
as, the facets of a diamond. 

t FA-C kTE', 77. [It. facetus.'] Gay; cheerful. Burton. 

t FA-CkT£'x\ES 1S, 77. Wit; pleasant representation. 

t Fx\-CkTE'LY, a7Z77. Wittily; merrily. Burton. 

FA-Ck'TIOUS, a. [Fr. facetiexix.] 1. Merry; sportive; 
jocular ; sprightly with wit and good humor. 2. Witty; 
full of pleasantry ; playful ; exciting laughter. 

FA-CE'TIOUS-LY, ado. Merrily; gayly ; wittily; with 
pleasantry. 

FA-Ck'TIOUS-NESS, 77. Sportive humor ; pleasantry; the 
qi''»lity of exciting laughter or good humor. 

FA-'v^IAL, 77. [h. facies.] Pertaining to the face; as, the 
facial artery, vein or nerve. 

I Fa'CIENT, 77. A doer ; one that does any thing, good or 
•bad. 

FAC'ILE, 77. [Fr. facile.] 1. Troperly, easy to be done or 
performed ; easy ; not difficult ; performable or attainable 
with little labor. 2. Easy to be surmounted or removed ; 
easily conquerable. 3. Easy of access or converse ; mild ; 
courteous ; not haughty, austere, or distant. 4. Pliant ; 
flexible ; easily persuaded to good or bad ; yielding; duc- 
tile to a fault. 

t Fx\(^'TEE-fjY, Tzd?;. Easily. Herbert. 

FAC'iLE-NESS, 77. Easiness to be persuaded. 

FA-CITM-TATE, v. t. [Fr. faciliter.] To make easy or 
less difficult ; to free from difficulty or impediment, or to 
diminish it ; to lessen the labor of. 

FA-C/1 fi'I-TA-TED, pp. Made easy or easier. 

FA-ClL'1-TxA.-TING, jypr. Rendering easy or easier. 

FA-CII^I-Ta'TION, 77. The act of making easy. 

FA-CIL'I-TIES, 77. plu. T)ie means by wliich the perform- 
ance of any thing is rendered easy. 

FA-CI L'I-T Y, 77. [Yr . faciliie ^ ~L. facilitas.] 1. Easiness 
to be performed ; freedom from difficulty ; ease. 2. Ease 
of performance ; readiness proceeding from skill or use ; 
dexterity. 3. Pliancy ; ductility ; easiness to be persuad- 
ed ; readiness of compliance, usually in a bad sense. 4. 


FAD 

Easiness of access ; complaisance ; condescension ; affa- 
bility. 

FAC-1-NE'RI-OUS. See Facinorous. 

Fa CING, ppr. 1. Fronting ; having the face towards ; ojv 
posite. 2. Covering the fore part. 3. 'I'urning the face. 

Farcing, n. a covering in front for ornament or defense. 

FA-CIN'O-ROUS, a. [L. facinus.] Atrociously wicked. 

FA-ClJ\’'0-ROUS-NEfcS, n. Extreme wickedness. 

FAC-SIM'l-LE, 77. [L./77t;7o and similis.] An exact copy or 
likeness, as of handwriting. 

FACT, 77. [L. /aot77777.] 1. Any thing done, or that comes 

to pass ; an act ; a deed ; an effect produced or achieved ; 
an event. 2. Reality ; truth. 

FAC'TION, 77. [Fr.] 1. A party, in political society, com- 

bined or acting in union, in opposition to the prince, gov- 
ernment or state. 2. Tumult ; discord ; dissension. 

FAC'TION-A-RY, n. A party man ; one of a faction. 

t FAC'TION-ER, n. One of a faction. Bp. Bancroft. 

FAC'TION-IST, 77. One who promotes faction. 

FACETIOUS, a. [Fx. factieux ; h. f actios us.] 1. Given to 
faction ; addicted to form parties and raise dissensions in 
opposition to government ; turbulent ; prone to clamor 
against jmblic measures or men. 2. Pertaining to fac- 
tion ; proceeding from faction. 

FA€'TIOUS-LY, ado. In a factious manner ; by means of 
faction ; in a turbulent or disorderly manner. 

FAC TIOUS-NESiS, n. Inclination to form parties in oppo- 
sition to the government or to the public interest ; disposi- 
tion to clamor and raise opposition ; clamorousness for a 
part)\ 

FAC-Ti"TIOUS, a. [Lt. factitms.] Made by art, in distinc- 
tion from wliat is produced by nature ; artificial. 

t FAC'TIVE, 77. Making ; having power to make. 

FAC TOR, 77. [L./77ct07-.] 1. In commerce, an agent em- 

ployed by merchants, residing in other places, to buy and 
sell, and to transact business on their account. 2. An 
agent ; a substitute. — 3. In arithmetic, the multi|)lier and 
multiplicand, from the multiplication of which proceeds 
the product. 

FAC'TOR-AGE, n. The allowance given to a factor by his 
employer, as a compensation for his services ; called also 
a commission. 

FAC'TOR-SHIP, 77. A factory ; tlie business of a factor. 

FAC^TO-RY, 77. J. A house or place where factors reside, 
to transact business for their employers. 2. The body of 
factors in any place. 3. Contracted from manufactory, a 
building or collection of buildings, appropriated to tlie 
manufacture of goods. 

FAC-TO'TUM, 77. [L.] A servant employed to do all kinds 
of work. B. Jolt son. 

Fx\CT'URE, 77. [Fr.] The art or manner of making. 

FAC'UL-TY, 77. [Fr./77C7iZte ; h. facultas.] 1. 'I’hat power 
of the mind or intellect which enables it to receive, revive 
or modify perceptions. 2. The power of doing any thing ; 
ability. 3. The power of peiforming any action, natural, 
vital or animal. 4. Facility of performance ; the peculiar 
skill derived from practice, or practice aided by nature ; 
habitual skill or ability ; dexterity ; adroitness ; knack. 
5. Personal quality ; disposition or habit, good or ill. 6. 
Power ; authority. 7. Mechanical power. 8. Natural 
virtue ; efficacy. 9. Privilege ; a right or power granted 
to a person. — 10. In colleges, the masters and professors 
of the several sciences ; one of the members or depart- 
ments of a univei'sity. — In .America, the faculty of a col- 
lege or university consists of the president, professors and 
tutors. — The faculty of advocates, in Scotland, is a re- 
spectable body of lawyers who plead in all causes before 
the courts of session, justiciary and exchequer. 

*FA€'UND, a. [L. facundus.] Eloquent. [Little used.] 

FA-€UND'I-TY, 77 . [L./ac77 77 7Z7ta.9.] Eloquence; readiness 
of speech. 

FAD'DLE, V. i. To trifle ; to toy ; to play. [A low word.] 

t FADE, a. [Fr.] Weak; slight; faint. Berkeley. 

FADE, v.i. [Fx.fade.] 1. To lose color; to tend from a 
stronger or brighter color to a more faint shade of tlie same 
color, or to lose a color entirely. 2. I’o wither, as a i>lant ; 
to decay. 3. To lose strength gradually; to vanish. 4. 
To lose lustre ; to grow dim. 5. To decay ; to perisli 
gradually. 6. To decay ; to decline ; to become poor and 
miserable. 7. To lose strength, health or vigor ; to de- 
cline ; to grow weaker. 8. ^To disappear gradually; to 
vanish. 

FADE, V. t. To cause to wither ; to w’ear away ; to deprive 
of freshness or vigor. 

FaD'ED, pp. Become less vivid, as color ; withered ; de- 
cayed ; vanished. 

FAliGE, (fiij) 7 -’. 7 . [Fax. fagen, gefegen.] I. To suit ; to 
fit ; to come close, as the parts of things united ; to have 
one part consistent with another. 2. To agree ; to live in 
amity. 3. To succeed ; to hit. 

FADGE, 77 . [Swed./77^o-tt.] A bundle, as of sticks. Cra- 
*VC7t d^lQ.tCCt’^ 

FaD'ING, ppr. 1. Losing color; becoming less vivid ; de- 
caying ; declining ; withering. 2. a. Subject to decay ; 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


FAI 826 FAI 


liable to lose freshness and vigor j liable to perish 3 not 
durable ; transient. 

FADING, n. Decay; loss of color, freshness or vigor. 
FaD'ING-NESS, n. Decay ; liableness to decay. 

FaD'Y, a. Wearing away ; losing color or strength. 
F^EGAL. Sffe Fecal. 

F^'CES, w. [L.] Excrement; also, settlings ; sediment af- 
ter infusion or distillation. Quincy. 

FAFF. See Fuff. 

t FAF'FEL, V. i. To stammer. Bai-ret. 
t FAG, V. t. To beat, 
t FAG, n. A slave ; one who works hard. 

FAG, V. i. [Scot, faik.] To become weary ; to fail in 
strength ; to be faint with weariness, 
t FAG, ?/. A knot in cloth. 

f'AG-END', n. 1. The end of a web of cloth, generally of 
coarser materials. 2. TJie refuse or meaner part of any 
thing. — 3. Among seanicu, the untwisted end of a rope ; 
hence, to fa^ out, is to become untwisted and loose. 

FAG OT, //. [\V.fa<rod.] 1. A bundle of sticks, twigs or 
small brandies of trees, used for fuel, or for raising batter- 
ies, filling ditches, and other purposes in fortitication. 
2. A person hired to appear at musters in a company not 
full, and hide the deficiency. 

FAG'OT, V. t. 'J’o tie together ; to bind in a bundle ; to col- 
lect promiscuously. Dryden. 

FaH'LKRZ, 71. Gray copper, or gray copper ore. 
FATFLUN-ITE, ?i. [from Fahluu.] Autonialite. 

FAlTi, r. i. [Fr. failUr.] 1. To become deficient ; to be in- 
sufficient ; to cease to be abundant for supply ; or to be en- 
tirely wanting. 2. To decay ; to decline ; to sink ; to be 
diminished. 3. To decline ; to decay ; to sink ; to be- 
come weaker. 4. To be extinct ; to cease ; to be entirely 
wanting ; to be no longer produced. 5. To be entirely 
exhausted ; to be wanting ; to cease from supply. G. To 
cease ; to perish ; to be lost. 7. To die. 8. To decay ; to 
decline. 9. To become deficient or wanting. 10. To 
I'niss ; not to produce the effect. 11. To be deficient in 
duty ; to omit or neglect. 12. To miss ; to miscarry ; to 
be frustrated or disappointed. 13. To be neglected ; to 
fall short ; not to be executed. 14. To become insolvent 
or bankrupt. 

FAIL, V. t. 1. To desert ; to disappoint ; to cease or to neg- 
lect or omit to afford aid, supply or strength. 2. To omit ; 
not to perform. 3. To be wanting to. 

FAIL, 71. 1. Omission ; non-performance. 2. Miscarriage ; 

failure ; deficience ; want ; death. 

•f FaIL'ANCE, 71. Fault ; failure. 

FAIL'ER.. See Failure. 

FaIL'ING, 7177 /'. Recoining deficient or insufficient ; becom- 
ing weaker ; deca 5 nng ; declining ; omitting ; not execut- 
ing or performing ; miscarrying ; neglecting ; wanting ; 
becoming bankrupt or insolvent. 

FAIL’ING^ 71. 1. The act of failing; deficiency ; imperfec- 
tion ; lapse ; fault. 2. The act of failing or becoming in- 
solvent. 

FAIL'IIRE, (fiiil'yur) n. 1. A failing ; deficience ; cessation 
of supply, or total defect. 2. Omission ; non-perform- 
ance. 3. Decay, or defect from decay. 4. A breaking, 
or becoming insolvent. 5. A failing ; a slight fault. 
FAIN, a. [Sax. faiTe/i,/< 7 ?o-an.] Glad; pleased; rejoiced. 
FAIN, ado. Gladly ; with joy or pleasure, 
t FAIN, V. i. To wish or desire. 

FaIN'ING, j)pr. Wishing; desiring fondly. Spenser. 
FAIN3\ e. [Ir. /airic.] 1. Weak; languid ; inclined to 
swoon. 2. Weak ; feeble ; languid ; exhausted. 3. Weak, 
as color ; not bright or vivid ; not strong. 4. Feeble ; 
weak, as sound ; not loud. 5. Imperfect ; feeble ; not 
striking, fi. Cowardly ; timorous. 7. Feeble ; not vig- 
orous ; not active. 8. Dejected ; depressed ; dispirited. 
FAINT, r. i. l.To lose the animal functions; to lose 
strength and color, and become senseless and motionless ; 
to swoon. 2. To become feeble ; to decline or fail in 
strength and vigor ; to be weak. 3. To sink into dejec- 
tion ; to lose courage or spirit. 4. To decay ; to disap- 
pear ; to vanish ; as, gilded clouds, while we gaze on 
them, /flint before the eye. Pope. 

FAINT, V. t. To deject ; to depress ; to weaken. [Little 7 /.] 
FATNT-flEART'ED, a. Cowardly ; timorous ; dejected ; 

easily depressed, or yielding to fear. 

FAINT-HEART ED-LY, adc. In a cowardly manner. 
FAIN9’-HEART'ED-NESS, ?i. Cowardice ; timoroiisness ; 
want of courage. 

FaINT'ING, ppr. Falling into a swoon ; failing ; losing 
strength or courage ; becoming feeble or timid. 
FaINTTNG, 77 . A temporary loss of strength, color and 
respiration; svncope ; deliquium; leipothymy ; a swoon. 
FaTNT'TSH, fl. Slightly faint. 

FaTNTM!^H-NESS, 71. A slight degree of faintness, 
t FAINT'LTNG, a. Timorous ; feeble-minded. 

FaINT'LY, adn. 1. In a feeble, languid manner; without 
vigor or activity. 2. With a feeble flame. 3. With a 
feeble light. 4. With little force. 5. Without force of 
representation ; imperfectly. 6 . In a low tone ; with a 


feeble voice. 7. Without spirit or courage ; timor- 
ously. 

FAINT'NESS, n. 1. The state of being faint ; loss of 
strength, color and respir.ation. 2. Feebleness ; languor ; 
want of strength. 3. Inactivity ; want of vigor. 4. Fee- 
bleness, as of color or light. 5. Feebleness of representa- 
tion. 6. Feebleness of mind ; timorousness ; dejection ; 
irresolution. 

FAINTS, n. plu. The gross, fetid oil remaining after dis- 
tillation, or the last runnings of spirits distilled. 

FaINTW, a. Weak; feeble; languid. Dryden. 

FAIR, a. [Sax. feeger.'] 1. Clear ; free from spots ; free 
from a dark hue ; white. 2. Beautiful ; handsome ; prop- 
erly, having a handsome face. 3. Pleasing to the eye ; 
handsome or beautiful, in general. 4. Clear; pure; free 
from feculence or extraneous matter. 5. Clear ; not 
cloudy or overcast. 6. Favorable ; prosperous ; blowing 
in a direction towards the jdace of destination. 7. Open ; 
direct, as a way or passage. 8. Open to attack or access ; 
unobstructed. 9. Open ; frank ; honest ; hence, equal ; 
just ; equitable. 10. Not effected by insidious or unlaw- 
ful methods ; not foul. 11. Frank ; candid ; not sophisti- 
cal or insidious. 12. Honest ; honorable ; mild ; opposed 
to insidious and compulsory. 13. Frank ; civil ; pleasing ; 
not harsh. 14. Equitable ; just ; merited. 15. Liberal; 
not narrow. 16. Plain ; legible. 17. Free from stain or 
blemish ; unspotted ; untarnished. 

FAIR, adv. 1. Openly; frankly; civilly; complaisantly. 

2. Candidly ; honestly ; equitably. 3. Happily ; success- 
fully. 4. On good terms. — 7’o hid fair, is to be likely, or 
to have a fair prospect . — Fair and square, just dealing ; 
honesty. 

FAIR, 71. J. Flliptically, a fair woman ; a handsome fe- 
male. — TAc/flir, the female sex. 2. Fairness; [oZi6-.] 

FAIR, 71. [Fx.foire ; W./air.] A stated market in a partic- 
ular town or city ; a stated meeting of buyers and sellers 
for trade. 

FAIR'-HAND, a. Having a fair appearance. Shale. 

FATR'ING, 71. A present given at a fair. Oay. 

FAIR'ISH, a. Reasonably fair. Cotgrave. 

FAIR'LY, adv. 1. Beautifully ; han'dsomely. 2. Commodi- 
ously ; conveniently. 3. Frankly ; honestly ; justly ; 
equitably ; without disguise or fraud. 4. Openly ; in- 
genuously ; plainly. 5. Candidly. 6. Without perver- 
sion or violence. 7. Without blots ; in plain letters ; 
plainly ; legibly. 8. Completely ; without deficience. 
9. Softly ; gently. 

FAIIFNESS, 77. 1. Clearness ; freedom from spots or blem- 
ishes ; whiteness. 2. Clearness ; purity. 3. Freedom 
from stain or blemish. 4. Beauty ; elegance. 5. Frank- 
ness ; candor ; hence, honesty ; ingenuousness. 6. Open- 
ness ; candor ; freedom from disguise, insidiousness or 
prevarication. 7. Equality of terms ; equity. 8. Distinct- 
ness ; freedom from blots or obscurity. 

FAIR/-SP 0 K-EN, a. Using fair speech ; bland ; civil ; court- 
eous ; plausible. 

FAPRY, 71. [G. fee ; Fr. fee, feerie.] 1. A fay; an imag- 
inary being or spirit, supposed to assume a human form, 
dance in meadows, steal infants, and play a variety of - 
pranks. 2. An enchantress. 

t FAFRY, fl. 1. Belonging to fairies. 2. Given by fairies. 

FAT'RY-LTKE, a. Imitating the manner of fairies. Shak. 

FAFRY-STONE, 71 . A stone found in gravel pits. 

FAITH, 71. [W. /?/z ; Arm./eiz.] 1. Belief; the assent of 
the mind to the truth of what is declared by another, rest- 
ing on his authority and veracity, without other evi- 
dence. 2. The assent of the mind to the truth of a propo- 
sition advanced by another; belief, on probable evidence. 
— 3. In theology, the assent of tlie mind or understanding 
to the truth of what God has revealed. — 4. Evangelical, 
justifying, or saidng faith , is the assent of the mind to the 
truth of divine revelation, on the authority of God’s testi- 
mony, accompanied with a cordial assent of the will, or 
approbation of the heart. 5. The object of belief ; a doc- 
trine or system of doctrines believed ; a system of reveal- 
ed truths received by Christians. 6. The jiromises of 
God, or his truth and faithfulness. 7. An open profession 
of gospel truth. 8. A persuasion or belief of the lawful- 
ness of things indifferent. 9. Faithfulness ; fidelity ; a 
strict adherence to duty and fulfillment of promises. 10. 
Word or honor pledged; promise given ; fidelity. 11. 
Sincerity ; honesty ; veracity ; faithfulness. 12. Credibil- 
ity or truth. 

FAITH, adv. A colloquial expression, meaning m truth, 
verily. _ 

FaITIP-BReACH, 71. Breach of fidelity ; disloyalty ; perfi- 
dy. Shak. 

tFATTH'ED, (fMtht) a. Honest; sincere. Shak. 

FAITH'FIJL, a. 1. Firm in adherence to the truth and to 
the duties of religion. 2. Firmly adhering to duty; of 
true fidelity; loyal; true to allegiance. 3. Constant in 
the performance of duties or services ; exact in attending 
to commands. 4. Observant of compacts, treaties, con- 
tracts, vows or other engagements ; true to one’s word. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, "Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


FAL 


327 


FAL 


&. True exact ; in conformity to the letter and spirit. 
6. True to the marriage covenant. 7. Conformable to 
truth. 8. Constant j not tickle. 9. True ; wortliy of be- 
lief. 2 Tim. ii. 

FaITII'FIJL-LY, adv. 1. In a faithful manner ; with good 
faith. 2. With strict adherence to allegiance and duty. 

3. With strict observance of promises, vows, covenants 
or duties j without failure of performance ; honestly j ex- 
actly. 4. Sincerely ; with strong assurances. 5. Honest- 
ly j truly ; without defect, fraud, trick or ambiguity. 6. 
Confidently -, steadily. 

FaITH'FUL-NESS, u. 1. Fidelity ; loyalty ; firm adhe- 
rence to allegiance and duty. 2. Truth ; veracity. 3. 
Strict adherence to injunctions, and to the duties of a sia 
tion. 4. Strict performance of promises, vows or cove- 
nants ; constancy in aft'ection. 

FaITH'LESS, a. 1. Without belief in the revealed truths 
of religion ; unbelieving. 2. Not believing ; not giving 
credit to. 3. Not adhering to allegiance or duty j disloy- 
al ; perfidious ; treacherous. 4. Not true to a master or 
employer; neglectful. 5. Not true to the marriage cove- 
nant ; false, b. Not observant of promises. 7. Deceptive. 

FaITIFLESS-NESS, n. 1. Unbelief, as to revealed religion. 
2. Perfidy ; treachery ; disloyalty. 3. Violation of prom- 
ises or covenants ; inconstancy. 

tFAl'ToUR, n. [Norm.] An evildoer ; a scoundrel ; a 
mean fellow. Spenser. 

FAKE, 71. [Scot, faik.] One of the circles or windings of a 
cable or hawser, as it lies in a coil ; a single turn or coil. 

Fa’KIR, or Fa'Q,UIR, 71. A monk in India. The fakirs sub- 
ject themselves to servere austerities and mortifications. 

FAL-f;;ADE', 71. [L. falx.l A horse is said to make a fal- 
cade, when he throws himself on his haunches two or 
three times, as in very quick curvets ; that is, a falcade 
is a bending very low. 

FALCATE, ) a. [L. falcaUis.'] Hooked ; bent like a 

FALC'A-TED, J sickle or sythe ; an epithet applied to the 
new moon. 

FAL-Ua'TION, 71. Crookedness ; a bending in the form of 
Or sicl^lo fi 

FAL'CHION, (faPchun) n. \¥r. fauchon.'] A short, crook- 
ed sword ; a cimiter. 

FAL CI-FORjM. a. \lu.falx. and/yrm.] In the shape of a 
sickle ; resembling a reaping-hook. 

* FAL'CON, (sometimes pronounced faw'kn.) n. [Fr. fau- 
con.] 1. A hawk ; but appropriately^ a hawk trained to 
sport, as in falconry. — This term, in ornitholop^y-, is applied 
to a division of the genus falco. 2. A sort of cannon. 
FAL'CON-ER, 71. [Fr. fmiconnier.] A person who breeds 
and trains hawks for taking wild fowls. 

FAL'CO-NET, n. [Fr. falconette.] A small cannon. 

*FAL'CON-RY, 71. [Fr. /aiico«7ie7*ic.] 1. The art of train- 
ing hawks to the exercise of hawking. 2. The practice 
of taking wild fowls by means of hawks. 

FALD'ACE, n. [W.fald.] In England, a privilege which 
anciently several lords reserved to themselves of setting 
up folds for sheep, in any fields within their manors. 

FALD'FEE, n. A fee or composition paid anciently by ten- 
ants for the privilege of faldage. 

t FALD'ING, 71. A kind of coarse cloth. Chaucer. 

FALD'STOOL, n. 1. A kind of stool placed at the south 
side of the altar, at which the kings of England kneel at 
their coronation. 2. The chair of a bishop inclosed by 
the railing of the altar. 3. An arm chair or folding chair. 

FALL, V. i.; pret fell ; pp. fallen. [Sax. /ca/Zait ; G. fallc7i.] 
i. To drop from a higher place ; to descend by the power 
of gravity alone. 2. To drop from an erect posture. 3. 
T' disembogue ; to pass at the outlet; to flow out of its 
channel into a pond, lake or sea, as a river. 4. To de- 
part from the faitli, or from rectitude ; to apostatize. 5. 
To die, particularly by violence. G. To come to an end 
suddenly; to vanish ; to perish. 7. To be degraded ; to 
sink into disrepute or disgrace ; to be plunged into mise- 
ry. 8. To decline in power, w'ealth or glory ; to sink 
into weakness ; to be overthrown or ruined. 9. To pass 
into a worse state than the former ; to come. 10. To 
sink ; to be lowered. 11. To decrease ; to be diminish- 
ed in weight or value. 12. To sink ; not to amount to 
the full. 13. To be rejected ; to sink into disrepute. 14. 
To decline from violence to calmness, from intensity to 
remission. 15. To pass into a new state of body or mind ; 
to become. 16. To sink into an air of dejection, discon- 
tent, anger, sorrow or shame ; applied to the countenance 
or look. 17. To happen ; to befall ; to come. 18. To 
light on ; to come by chance. 19. To come ; to rush on ; 
to assail. 20. To come ; to arrive. 21. To come unex- 
pectedly. 22. To begin with haste, ardor or veliemence ; 
to rush or hurry to. 23. To pass or be transferred by 
chance, lot, distribution, inheritance or otherwise, as pos- 
session or i)roperty. 24. To become the property of ; to 
belong or appertain to. 25. To be dropped or uttered 
carelessly. 26. To sink ; to languish ; to become feeble 
or faint. 27. To be brought forth. 28. To issue ; to ter- 
minate. 


To fall aboard of, to strike against another ship. — To fall 
astern, to move or be driven backward ; or to remain be- 
hind. — To fall away. 1. To lose flesh; to become lean 
or emaciated ; to pine. 2. To renounce or desert allegi- 
ance; to revolt or rebel. 3. To renounce or desert the 
faith ; to apostatize ; to sink into wickedness. 4. To 
perish ; to be ruined ; to be lost. 5. To decline gradual- 
ly ; to fade ; to languish, or become faint. — To fail back. 
1. To recede ; to give way. 2. To fail of performing a 
promise or purpose ; not to fulfill. — To fall calm, to cease 
to blow ; to become calm. — To fall down. 1. To prostrate 
one’s self in worship. 2. To sink ; to come to the ground. 

3. To bend or bow as a suppliant. 4. To sail or pass to- 
wards the mouth of a river, or other outlet. — To fall foul, 
to attack ; to make an assault. — To fall from. 1. To re- 
cede from ; to depart ; not to adhere. 2. To depart from 
allegiance or duty ; to revolt. — To fall in. 1. To concur; 
to agree with. 2. To comply ; to yield to. 3. To come 
in ; to join ; to enter. — To fall in with, to meet, as a ship ; 
also, to discover or come near, as laud. — To fall off. 1. 
To withdraw ; to separate ; to be broken or detached. 2. 
To perish ; to die away. 3. To apostatize ; to forsake ; 
to withdraw from the faith, or from allegiance or duty. 

4. To forsake ; to abandon. 5. To drop. 6. To depre- 
ciate ; to depart from former excellence ; to become less 
valuable or interesting. 7. To deviate or depart from the 
course directed, or to which the head of the ship was be- 
fore directed; to fall to leeward. — To fall on. 1. To be- 
gin suddenly and eagerly. 2. To begin an attack ; to as- 
sault ; to assail. 3. To drop on ; to descend on. — To fall 
out. 1. To quarrel ; to begin to contend. 2. To happen ; 
to befall ; to chance. — To fall over. 1. To revolt ; to de- 
sert from one side to another. 2. To fall beyond. — To 
fall short, to be deficient. — To fall to. 1. To begin hasti- 
ly and eagerly. 2. To apply one’s self to. — To full under. 
1. To come under, or within the limits of ; to be subjected 
to. 2. To come under ; to become the subject of. 3. To 
come wuthin; to be ranged or reckoned with. — To 
fall upon. 1. To attack. 2. To attempt. 3. To rush 
against. 

FALL,t>. t. 1. To let fall ; to drop ; [o&s.] 2. To sink ; to 
depress. 3. To diminish ; to lessen or lower ; [little 
used.] 4. To bring forth ; as, to fall lambs ; [little 77i*etZ.] 

5. To fell ; to cut dowui ; as, to fall a tree. [This use is 
now common in Jlmcrica.] 

FALL, n. 1. The act of dropping or descending from a 
higher to a lower place by gravity ; descent. 2. The act 
of dropping or tumbling from an erect posture. 3. Death ; 
destruction ; overthrow. 4. Ruin ; destruction. 5. Down- 
fall ; degradation ; loss of greatness or office. 6. Declen- 
sion of greatness, power or dominion ; ruin. 7. Diminu- 
tion ; decrease of price or value ; depreciation. 8. Decli- 
nation of sound ; a sinking of tone ; cadence. 9. Decliv- 
ity ; the descent of land or a hill ; a slope. 10. Descent 
of w^ater ; a cascade ; a cataract ; a rush of water down a 
steep place. 11. The outlet or discharge of a river or cur- 
rent of water into the ocean, or into a lake or pond. 12. 
Extent of descent ; the distance which any thing falls. 
13. The fall of the leaf ; the season when leaves /«ZZ from 
trees; autumn. 14. That which falls; a falling. 15. 
The act of felling or cutting down. 16. Fall, or the fall, 
by way of distinction, the apostasy ; the act of our first 
parents in eating the forbidden fruit ; also, the apostasy 
of the rebellious angels. — 17. Formerly, a kind of vail. — 
18. In seameiFs language, the loose end of a tackle. — 19. 
In Great Britain, a term applied to several measures, lin- 
ear, superficial and solid. 

FAL-IjA'CIOUS, a. [Fr. fallacieux.] 1. Deceptive ; de- 
ceiving ; deceitful ; wearing a fiilse appearance ; mislead- 
ing; producing error or mistake ; sophistical. 2. Deceit- 
ful ; false ; not well founded ; producing disappointment ; 
mocking expectation. 

FAL-La^CIOUS-LY, adv. In a fallacious manner; deceitful- 
ly ; sophistically ; with purpose or in a manner to deceive. 

FAL-La'CLOUS-NE8S, n. Tendency to deceive or mis- 
lead ; inconclusiveness. 

FAL'LA-CY, n. [L. fallacia.] 1. Deceptive or false ap- 
l)earance ; deceitfulness ; that which misleads the eye or 
the mind. 2. Deception ; mistake. 

fFAL'LAX, 71 . [L.] Cavillation. .Sbp. Cranmer. 

FALL'EN, (fawl'n) pp. or a. Dropped ; descended ; degrad- 
ed ; decreased ; ruined. 

tFAL'LEN-CY, n. Mistake. 

Fx'VLL'ER, 77. One that falls. 

FAL-LI-BIL'I-TY, 77. [It. fallibilitd.] 1. Liableness to de- 
ceive ; the quality of being fallible ; uncertainty ; possi- 
bility of being erroneous. 2. Liableness to err or to be 
deceived in one’s owui judgment. 

FAL'LI-CLE, a. [It. fallibile.] 1. Liable to fail or mis- 
take ; that may err or be deceived in judgment. 2. Lia- 
ble to error ; that may deceive. 

FAL'LI-BLY, adv. In a fallible manner. JIuloet. 

FALL'ING, ppr. Descending ; dropping ; disemboguing ; 
apostatizing’; declining ; decreasing ; sinking ; coming. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; ClI as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


FAL 


328 


FAN 


TALLYING, ) 71. An indenting or hollow; opposed to 

FALL'ING IN, | rising or prominence . — Fallmg atoay, 
apostasy . — Falling off, departure from the line or course ; 
declension . — Falling down, prostration. 2 Mac. 

FALL'ING-SIGK-NESS, n. The epilepsy. 

FALL'iNG-STAR, v. A luminous meteor, suddenly ap- 
pearing and darting throngh the air. 

FALL'ING-STONE, n. A stone falling from the atmos- 
l)here_; a meteorite ; an aerolite. 

FAL-LoTI-AN, a. Belonging to two ducts, arising from 
the womb, usually called tubes. 

FAL'LoW, a. [Sax. falewe.] 1. Pale red, or pale yel- 
low ; as, a fallozo deer. 2. Unsowed; not tilled ; left to 
rest after a year or more of tillage. 3. Left unsowed af- 
ter i)loughing. 4. TJnploughed ; uncultivated. 5. Unoccu- 
.. pied ; neglected ; 

FAL'LoVv^ n. 1. Land. that has lain a year or more untill- 
ed or unseeded. 2. The ploughing or tilling of land, with- 
out sowing it, for a season. 

t FAL'I.oW, V. i. To fade ; to become yellow. 

FAL'LoW, V. t. To plough, harrow and break land without 
seeding it. 

FAL'Lo W-UROP, n. The crop taken from fallowed ground. 
Sinclair. 

FAL'LoWED, pp. Ploughed and harrowed for a season, 
witliout beiiig sown. 

FAT.'LoW-FlNCH, w. A small bird, the wheat-ear. 

FAL'LoW-ING, ppr. Ploughing and harrowing land with- 
out sowing it. 

FAL'LoW-ING, n. The operation of ploughing and har- 
rowing land without sowing it. 

FAL'LoW-IST, n. One who favors the practice of fallow- 
ing land. 

FAL'LoW-NES?, n. A fallow state ; barrenness ; exemp- 
tion from bearing fruit. Donne. 

fFALS'A-RY, 71. A falsifier of evidence. Sheldon. 

FALSE, rt. [L. /aZsus.] 1. Not true; not conformable to 
fact ; expressing wdiat is contrary to that which exists, is 
done, said or thought. 2. Not well founded. 3. Not 
true ; not according to the lawful standard. 4. Substitut- 
ed for another ; succedaneoiis ; supposititious. 5. Coun- 
terfeit ; forged ; not genuine. 6. Not solid or sound ; de- 
ceiving expectations. 7. Not agreeable to rule or propri- 
ety. 8. Not honest or just ; not fair. 9. Not faithful or 
loyal ; treacherous ; perfidious ; deceitful. 10. Unfaith- 
ful ; inconstant. 11. Deceitful; treacherous; betraying 
secrets. 12. Counterfeit ; not genuine or real. 13. Hyp- 
ocritical ; feigned ; made or assumed for the purpose of 
deception. — False impriso7iment, the arrest and imprison- 
ment of a person without warrant or cause, or contrary to 
law. 

FALSE, adv. Not truly; not honestly ; falsely. 

f FALSE, V. t. 1. To violate by failure of veracity ; to de- 
ceive. 2. To defeat ; to balk ; to evade. 

FALSE'-FaCED, a. Hypocritical ; deceitful. Shak. 
FALSE'-HEART, ) a. Hollow ; treacherous ; deceitful ; 
ALSE'-HEART-ED, \ perfidious. 

FALSE'-HEART-ED-NESS, 71. Perfidimisness ; treachery. 

FALSE'HOOD, (fols'hud) n. 1. Contrariety or inconform- 
ity to fact or truth. 2. Want of truth or veracity ; a lie ; 
an untrue assertion. 3. Want of honesty ; treachery ; de- 
ceitfulness ; perfidy. 4. Counterfeit ; false appearance ; 
imposture. 

FALSE'LY, (fols'ly) adv. 1. In a manner contrary to truth 
and fact; not truly. 2. Treacherously; perfidiously. 3. 
Erroneously ; by mistake. 

FALSE'NESS, (fols'nes) 7i. 1. Want of integrity and ve- 
racity, either in principle or in act. 2. Duplicity ; deceit; 
double-dealing. 3. Unfaithfulness; treachery; perfidy; 
traitorousness. 

FALS'ER, 7?. A deceiver. 

FAL-SET'TO, 71. [It.] A feigned voice. Btirke. 

FAlST-FI-A-BLE, a. That may be falsified, counterfeit- 
ed or corrupted. 

FAL-SI-FI-Ca'TION, 71. [Fr.] 1. The act of making 
false ; a counterfeiting ; the giving to a thing an appear- 
ance of something which it is not. 2. Confutation. 

FALS-I-F1-Ca'TOR, 71. A falsifier. Bp. Morton. 

FALS'I-FiED, pp. Counterfeited. 

FAlST-Fi-ER, 77. 1. One who counterfeits, or gives to a 
thing a deceptive appearance ; or one who makes false 
coin. 2. One who invents falsehood ; a liar. 3. One 
who proves a thing to be false. 

FALS'I-FY, V. t. [Fr. falsifier.'] 1. To counterfeit; to 
forge ; to make something false, or in imitation of that 
wdiich is true. 2. To disprove ; to prove to be false. 3. 
To violate ; to break by falsehood. 4. To show to be un- 
sound, insufficient, or not proof ; [7iot in 77.sc.] 

FALS'I-FY, 7). i. To tell lies ; to violate the truth. 

FALS'I-F^"-ING, ppr. Counterfeiting; forging; lying; 
proving to be false ; violating. 

FAlST-TY, 71. [L. falsitas.] 1. Contrariety or inconform- 
ity to truth ; the quality of being false. 2. J'alsehood ; a 
lie ; a false assertion. 


FAL'TER, V. i. [8p. /altar.] 1. To hesitate, fail or break 
in the utterance of words ; to speak with a broken or 
trembling utterance ; to stammer. 2. To fail, tremble or 
yield in exertion ; not to be firm and steady. 3. To fail 
in the regular exercise of the understanding. 

FAL'TER, V. t. To sift. Mortbner. 

AL'TER-ING, ppr. Hesitating ; speaking with a feeble, 
broken, trembling utterance ; failing. 

FAL'TEK-ING, 71. Feebleness ; deficiency. 

FAL'TER-ING-LY, adv. With hesitation ; with a trem- 
bling, broken voice ; with difficulty or feebleness. 

FAME, 71. [Ij.fama.] 1. Public report or rumor. 2. Fa- 
vor7ible report ; report of good or great actions ; report 
that exalts the character ; celebrity ; renown. 

FAME, V. t. 1. To make famous. B. Jonso7i. 2. To report. 

P’AMED, a. Much talked of ; renowned ; celebrated; dis- 
tinguished and exalted by favorable reports. 

FaME'-GIV-ING, a. Bestowing fame. 

FaME'LESS, a. W^ithout renown. Beaumont. 

FA-MIL'IAR, (fa-mil'yar) a. [L. faTniliaris.] 1. Pertain- 
ing to a family ; domestic. 2. Accustomed by frequent 
converse ; well acquainted with ; intimate ; close. 3. 
Affable ; not formal or distant ; easy in conversation. 4. 
\Yell acquainted with ; knowing by frequent use 5. 
W^ell known ; learned or well understood by frequent use. 
6. Unceremonious ; free ; unconstrained ; easy. 7. Com- 
mon ; frequent and intimate. 8. Easy ; unconstrained ; 
not formal. 9. Intimate in an unlawful degree. 

FA-MIL'IAR, 71. 1. An intimate ; a close companion ; one 
long acquainted. 2. A demon or evil spirit supposed 
to attend at a call. — 3. In the court of Inquisition, a per- 
son who assists in apprehending and imprisoning the ac- 
cused. 

FA-MIL-IAR'I-TY, 71 . 1. Intimate and frequent converse, 
or association in company. 2. Easiness of conversation ; 
affability ; freedom from ceremony. 3. Intimacy ; inti- 
mate acquaintance ; unconstrained intercourse. 

FA-MIL'IAR-TZE, v. t. 1. To make familiar or intimate ; 
to liabituate ; to accustom ; to make well known, by prac- 
tice or converse. 2. To make easy by practice or cus- 
tomary use, or by intercourse. 3. To bring down from a 
state of distant superiority. 

FA-MiL'IAR-lZED, pp. Accustomed; habituated ; made 
easy by practice, custom or use. 

FA-MlL'IAR-lZ-ING, ppr. Accustoming; rendering easy 
by practice, custom or use. 

FA-MIL'IAR-LY, adv. 1. In a familiar manner; uncere- 
moniously ; without constraint ; without formality. 2. 
Commonly ; frequently ; with the ease and unconcern 
that arises from long custom or acquaintance. 

FAM'I-LTSM, 71. The tenets of the Familists. 

FAM'I-LTST, 71. [from famihj.] One of the religious sect, 
called the Famihj of love. 

FA-MfLLE'. [Fr. en famille.] In a family way ; domesti- 
cally. Swift. This word is never used without en be- 
fore it. 

FAM'I-LY, 71. [L., Si\}. familia Fr. famille.] 1. The col- 
lective body of persons who live in one house and under 
one head or manager ; a household, including parents, 
children and servants. 2. Those who descend from one 
common progenitor ; a tribe or race ; kindred ; lineage. 
3. Course of descent ; genealogy ; line of ancestors. 4. 
Honorable descent; noble or respectable stock. 5. A col- 
lection or union of nations or states. — 6. In popular lu 7 i- 
guage, an order, class or genus of animals or of other nat- 
ural productions, having something in common, by which 
they are distinguished from others. 

FAM'iNE, 72. [Fr. /a772 7 777’.] 1. Scarcity of food; dearth ; 

a general want of provisions sufficient for the inhabitants 
of a country or besieged place. 2. W’^ant; destitution. 

FAM'ISH, V. t. [Fr. affainer.] 1. To starve ; to kill or de- 
stroy with hunger. 2. To exhaust the strength of, by 
hunger or thirst; to distress with hunger. 3. To kill 
by deprivation or denial of any thing necessary for life. 

FAM'ISH, V. i. 1. To die of hunger. 2. To suffer extreme 
hunger or thirst ; to be exhausted in strength, or to come 
near to perish, for want of food or drink. 3. To be dis- 
tressed with want ; to come near to perish by destitu- 
tion. 

FAM'ISHED, pp. Starved; exhausted by want of suste- 
nance. 

FAMMSH-ING, ppr. Starving ; killing ; perishing by want 
of food. 

FAM'ISH-MENT, n. The pain of extreme hunger or 
thiret ; extreme want of sustenance. Hakewill. 

t fA-MOS'I-TY, 72. Renown. Diet. 

Fa'MOUS, a. [L. famosus.] 1. Celebrated in fame or pub- 
lic report ; renowned ; much talked of and praised ; dis- 
tinguished in story. 2. Sometimes in a bad sense. 

Fa'MOUSED, a. Renowned. Shak. 

Fa'MOUS-LY, adv. With great renown or celebration. 

Fa'MOUS-NESS, 72. Renown ; great fame ; celebrity. 

[ FAM'U-LATE, V. t. [L. famjilor.] To serve. Cockeram. 

FAN, 71. [Sax./a7i72.] 1. An instrument used by ladies to 


* Sec Sijnopsis. A, E, I, O, t), Y, long, — FAR, FALL, WHAT; — PREY; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — 1; Obsolete 


FAN 


329 


FAR 


agitate the air, and cool the face in warm weather. 2 . 
Something in the form of a woman’s fan when spread. 3. 
An instrument for winnowing grain. 4. Something by 
which the air is moved j a wing. 5. An instrument to 
raise the tire ortiame. 

FAiV'-LIOiHT, n. A window in foim of an open fan. 

FAN, V. t. 1. To cool and refresh, by moving the air with 
a fan ; to blow the air on the face with a fon. 2. To ven- 
tilate ; to blow ot» ; to atfect by air put in motion. 3. To 
move as with a fan. 4. To winnow ; to ventilate ; to sepa- 
rate chaff from grain, and drive it away by a current of air. 

FA-NAT'1€, ) a. [h. fanaticus.] VVild and extravagant 

FA-NAT'1-€AL, j in opinions, particularly in religious 
opinions j excessively enthusiastic j possessed by a kind 
of frenzy. 

F.-li-NAT'lC, n. A person affected by excessive enthusiasm, 
particularly on religious subjects ; one who indulges wild 
and extravagant notions of religion. 

FA-NAT'l-CAL-LY, ado. With wild enthusiasm. 

FA-NAT'I-€fAL-NESS, n. Fanaticism. 

FA-NAT'i-CiS?M, n. Excessive enthusiasm ; wild and ex- 
travagant notions of religion ; religious frenzy. 

FA-NAT'I-CIZE, v. t. To make fanatic. 

FAN CIED, pp. Imagined ; conceived ; liked. 

FAX'CI-FIJL, a. 1. Guided by the imagination, rather than 
by reason and experience ; subject to the intiuence of fan- 
cy ; whimsical. 2. Dictated by the imagination ; full of 
wild images ; chimerical ; whimsical ; ideal ; visionary. 

FAN^OI-FIJL-LY, adv. J. In a fanciful manner 5 wildly; 
whimsically. 2. According to fancy. 

FANd-FEL-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being fanciful, 
or influenced by the imagination, rather than by reason 
and experience ; the habit of following fancy. 2. The 
quality of being dictated by imagination. 

FAN'CY, ?{. [L. phantasia.j 1. The faculty by which the 
yund forms images or representations of things at pleasure. 
It is often used as synonymous with imagination ; but 
imagination is rather the power of combining and modify- 
ing our conceptions. 2. An opinion or notion. 3. Taste; 
conception. 4. Image ; conception ; thought. 5. Incli- 
nation ; liking. 6. Love. 7. Caprice ; humor ; whim. 
8 . False notion. 9. Something that pleases or entertains 
without real use or value. 

FAN'CY, y.t. To imagine ; to figure to one’s self; to be- 
lieve or suppose without proof. 

FAN'CY, V. t. 1. To form a conception of ; to portray in the 
mind ; to imagine. 2. To like ; to be pleased with, par- 
ticularly on account of external appearance or manners. 

FAN CY-FRaMED, a. Created by the fancy. 

FAN CY-FREE, a. Free from the power of love. 

FAN'CY-ING, ppr. Imagining ; conceiving ; liking. 

FAN'CY-MoNG-ER, a. One who deals in tricks of imagin- 
ation. Shak. 

FAN'CY-SICK, a. One whose imagination is unsound, or 
whose distemper is in his own mind. 

fFAND, old pret. find. Spenser. 

FAN-DAN'GO, n. [Sp.] A lively dance. 

FANE, 71. [L. fanum.] A temple ; a place consecrated to 
religion; a church ; used in poetry. Pope. 

FAN'FARE, n. [Fr.] A coming into the lists with sound 
of trumpets ; a nourish of trumpets. 

* FAN'FA-RON, n. [Fr. fanfaron.] A bully ; a hector ; a 
swaggerer ; an empty boaster ; a vain pretender. 

FAN-FAR-O-NaDE', n. A swaggering; vain boasting; 
ostentation ; a bluster. Swift. 

t FANG, V. t. [Sax. fengan.] To catch; to seize; to lay 
hold ; to gripe ; to clutch. Shak. 

FANG, V. [Sax. fang.] 1. The tusk of a boar or other ani- 
mal, by which the prey is seized and held ; a pointed tooth. 
2. A claw or talon. 3. Any shoot or other thing, by which 
hold is taken. 

FANGED, a. Furnished with fangs, tusks, or something 
long and pointed. Shak. 

fFAN'GLE, (fang'gl) n. [from Sax. fengan.] A new at- 
tempt ; a trifling scheme. 

FAN'GLED, a. Properly^ begun, new-made ; hence, gau- 
dy ; showy ; vainly decorated. [Seldom used, except 
with new. See New-fangled.] 

FANG* LESS, a. Having no fangs or tusks ; toothless. 

FAN'GOT, n. A quantity of w^ares, as raw silk, &c., from 
one to two hundred weight and three quarters. 

FANMON, (fan'yun) n. [Fr.] In arinies, a small flag car- 
ried witli the baggage. Encyc. 

FANNED, pp. Blown with a fan ; winnowed ; ventilated. 

FANhVETj, or FAN'ON, 71. [Fr./aiio??.] A sort of ornament 
like a scarf, worn about the left arm of a mass-priest, 
when he officiates. 

FAN'NER, n. One who fans. Jeremiah. 

FAN^NTNG, ppr. Blowing ; ventilating. 

I FAN'TA-SIED, a. Filled wuth fancies or imaginations; 
whimsical. Shak. 

FAN'TASM, 77 . [Gr. (pavraapa. Usually written p 77 rt 77 tas 7 Ti.] 
That which appears to the imagination ; a phantom ; 
something not real. 


FAN-TAS'Tl€, 1 a. [Fr. fantastique.] 1. Fanciful ; 

FAN-TAS'TI-€AL, ^ produced or existing only in imag- 
ination ; imaginary ; not real ; chimerical. 2. Having 
the nature of a phantom ; apparent only. 3. Unsteady ; 
irregular. 4. VV' himsical ; capricious ; fanciful ; indulg- 
ing the vagaries of imagination. 5. Whimsical ; odd. 

FAN-TAS*TI€, 77. A fantastic or whimsical person. Dr 
Jackson. 

FAN-TAS'TI-GAL-LY, adv. 1. By the power of imagina- 
tion. 2. In a fantastic manner; capriciously; unsteadi- 
ly. 3. Whimsically ; in compliance with fancy. Greio. 

FAN-TAS'TI-CAL-NESS, n. Compliance with fancy; liu- 
morousness ; whimsicalness ; caprice. 

FAN-TAS'TI€-LY, ado. Irrationally ; whimsically. B. 
Jonson . 

FAN-TAS'TIG-NESS. The same as fantastical ness. 

FAN'TA-SY, 77. and v. Now written /V;7icy, which see. 

FAN'TOM, 77 . [Fr. fanto7ue.] Something that appears to 
the imagination ; also, a spectre ; a ghost ; an apparition. 
It is generally written phantom. 

FAN'TOM-€ORN, n. Lank, or light corn. JSTorth of Eng- 
land. Grose. / 

t FAP, a. Fuddled. Shak. 

Fa'CIHIR. See Fakir. 

FAR, a. [Sax. fear, fior or fijr.] 1. Distant, in any direc- 
tion ; separated by a wide space from the place where one 
is, or from any given place remote. — 2. Figuratively^ re- 
mote from puriiose ; contrary to design or wishes. 3. 
Remote in affection or obedience ; at enmity with ; alien- 
ated. 4. More or most distant of the two. 

FAR, adv. 1. To a great extent or distance of space. — 
Figuratively, distantly in time from any point ; remotely. 
— 3. In interrogatories, to what distance or extent. 4. In 
great part. 5. In a great proportion ; by many degrees ; 
very much. 6. To a certain point, degree or distance. — 
From far, from a great distance ; from a remote place. — 
P'or from, at a great distance. — Far ojf. 1. At a great dis- 
tance. 2. To a great distance. — 3. In a spiritual sense, 
alienated ; at enmity ; in a state of ignorance and aliena- 
tion. — Far other, very different. 

t FAR-A-BOUT', n. A going out of the way. Fuller. 

FAR'-FaMED, a. Widely celebrated. Pope. 

FAR'-FETCH, 77 . A deep-laid stratagem. [Little used.] 

FAR^-FETCHED, a. 1. Brought from a remote place. 2. 
Studiously sought ; not easily or naturally deduced or in- 
troduced ; forced ; strained. [Far fet, the same, is not 
used.] 

FAR-PIER'CING, a. Striking or penetrating a great way. 
Pope. 

FAR-SHOOT'ING, a. Shooting to a great distance. Dryden. 

FAR, 77 . [Sax. f(Brh,fearh.] The young of swine ; or a lit- 
ter of pigs. [Local.] Tusser. 

FARhANT-LY, a. 1. Orderly; decent; respectable. Oa- 
ven dialect. 2. Comely ; handsome. Ray. 

FARCE, (fars) v. t. [Ij. farcio; Fr. farcir.] 1. To stuff ; 
to fill with mingled ingredients. 2. To extend ; to swell 
out. 

FARCE, (fars) 77 . [Fr. farce ; It. farsa.] A dramatic com- 
position, originally exhibited by charlatans or buffoons, in 
the open street, for the amusement of the crowd, but now 
introduced upon the stage. 

FAR'CT-CAL, a. 1. Belonging to a farce ; appropriated to 
farce. 2. Droll ; ludicrous ; ridiculous. 3. Illusory ; de- 
ceptive. 

FAR'CI-CAL-LY, adv. In a manner suited to farce ; hence, 
ludicrously. 

FAR'Cl-LiTE, 77. Pudding-stone. 

FAR'CIN, or FAR'CY, n. A disease of horses, sometimes 
of oxen, of the nature of a scabies or mange. 

FA RUING, 77 . Stuffing composed of mixed ingredients. 

FARC'TATE, a. [L. farctus.] In botany, stuffed ; cram- 
med, or full ; without vacuities. 

fFARD, V. t. [Fr.] To paint. Shenstone. 

FAR'DEL, 77 . [It. fardello Fr.fardcau.] A bundle or little 
pack. Shak. 

FAR'DEL, V. t. To make up in bundles. Fuller. 

FARE, V. i. [Sax. and Goth. /«r77 77 .] 1. Togo; to pass ; 
to move fonvard ; to travel. Milton. 2. To be in any 
state, good or had ; to be attended with any circumstnnees 
or train of events, fortunate or unfortunate. 3. To feed ; 
to be entertained. 4. To proceed in a train of conse- 
quences, good or bad. 5. To happen well or ill ; with it . 
impersonally. 

FARE, 77. 1. The price of passage or going ; the sum paid 
or due, for conveying a person by land or water. 2. 
Food; provisions of the table. 3. 'The person conveyed 
in a vehicle. Drummond. 

*FARE'WELL. A compound of fare, in the imperative, 
and well. Go joell ^ originally applied to a person de- 
parting, but by custom now applied both to those who de- 
part and those who remain. It expresses a kind wish, a 
wish of happiness to those who leave or those who are left. 
The verb and adverb are often separated by the pronoun ; 
as, /arc you well. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Til as in this, f Obsolete. 


FAR 


830 


FAS 


FARE'WELL, n. 1 . A wish of happiness or welfare at 
parting ; the parting compliment j adieu. 2 . Leave j act 
of departure. S/iak. 

FA-Kl'NA, I n. [L, farina,] 1 , In botany^ the pollen, fine 

FAR'IN, ^ dust or powcler, contained in the anthers of 
plants, and which is supposed to fall on the stigma, and 
fructify tlie plant. — 2. In chemistry^ starch or fecula, one 
of the proximate principles of vegetables. 

FAR-I-Na'CEOUS, a. 1. Consisting or made of meal or 
flour. 2 . Containing meal. 3 . Like meal 3 mealy j per- 
taining to meal. 

FAR'LIES, n. Unusual, unexpected things. Cumberland 
dialect, 

FARM, 71 . far jna, fearm or feorm.] 1 . In Great Brit- 

ain, a tract of land leased on rent reserved ; ground let to 
a tenant on condition of his paying a certain sum, annu- 
ally or otherwise, for the use of it. — 2 . Jn the United 
States, a portion or tract of land, consisting usually of 
grass land, meadow, pjisture, tillage and woodland, culti- 
vated by one man, and usually owned by him in fee. 3 . 
TJie state of land leased on rent reserved j a lease. 

FARM, V. t. 1 . To lease, as land, on rent reserved ; to let 
to a tenant on condition of paying rent. 2 . To take at a 
certain rent or rate. 3 . To lease or let, as taxes, impost 
or other duties, at a certain sum or rate per cent. 4 . To 
take or hire for a certain rate per cent. 5 . To cultivate land. 

FARM'HOUSE, 71 . A house attached to a farm, and for the 
residence of a farmer. 

FARM'-OF-FiCE, n. Farm-offices are the out buildings 
pertaining to a farm. 

FARM' VARD, n. The yard or inclosure attached to a barn 3 
or the inclosure surrounded by the farm buildings. 

FARM'A-BLE, a. That may be farmed. S/iericood. 

FARMED, j}?- Leased on rent 3 let out at a certain rate or 
price. 

FARM'ER, 71 . 1 .' In Great Britain, a tenant 3 a lessv-ze 3 one 
who hires and cultivates a farm 3 a cultivator of leased 
ground. 2 . One who takes taxes, customs, excise or other 
duties, to collect for a certain rate per cent. — 3 . In the 
United States, one who cultivates a farm 3 a husbandman, 
whether a tenant or the proprietor. — 4 . In ndnin<r, the lord 
of tlie field, or one who farms the lot and cope of the king. 

FARM'ING, ppr, 1 . Letting or lejising land on rent reserv- 
ed, or duties and imposts at a certain rate per cent. 2. 
Taking on lease. 3 . Cultivating land 3 carrying on the 
business of agriculture. 

FARM'ING, n. The business of cultivating land. 

FAR'MoST, a. Most distant or remote. Drydcn. 

FAR'NESS, n. Distance 3 remoteness. Carew, 

Fa'RO, n, A game at cards. 

FAR-RAG'I-NOUS, a. [L. farrago.] Formed of various 
materials 3 mixed. Kirwan. 

FAR-Ra'GO, 71 . [L.] A mass composed of various materials 
confusedly mixedj a medley. 

FAR'RAND, or Fa'RAND, n. Manner 3 custom 3 liumor. 
Grose, 

FAR-RE-a'TION. See Coivfarreation. 

FAR'RI-ER, 71 . [Fr. f errant ; It. ferraio.] 1 . A shoer of 
horses 3 a smith who shoes horses. 2 . One who professes 
to cure the diseases of horses. 

FAR'RI-ER, V. i. To practice as a farrier. 

FAR'RI-ER-Y, 71 . The art of preventing, curing or miti- 
gating the diseases of horses. Now called the veterinary 
art. 

FAR'RoW, 71 . \SziX, fearh, feerh.] A litter of pigs. 

FAR'RoW, V. t. To bring forth pigs. Tusser. 

FAR'RoW, a. \Y).vaarej “eenvaare koe,” a dry cow.] 
Not producing young in a particular season or year 5 ap- 
plied to cows only. JVeto England. 

F.S.RT, V. i. To break wind behind. 

FART, 71 . Wind from behind. 

FAR'THER, a. comp. [Sax. farther, from feor, far, or 
rather from /oT't/t.] 1. More remote 3 more distant than 
something else. 2. Longer 3 tending to a greater distance. 

FAR'THER, adv. 1 . At or to a greater distance 3 more re- 
motely 5 beyond. 2. Moreover 3 by way of progression in 
a subject. 

FAR'TIIER, V. t. To promote 3 to help forward. 

t FAR THER-ANCE, n. A helping forward 3 promotion. 

FAR'THER-MORE, ado. Besides 3 jnoreover. — Instead of 
the last three words, we now use furtherance, further- 
more, further ; which see. 

FAR'TIIES 7 \ a. superl. [Sax. feorrest. See Furthest.] 
Most distant or remote. 

FAR^TIIEST, ado. At or to the greatest distance. See 
Furthest. 

FAR 'THING, 77. [Sax. /(e,7?'iAu77 0'.] 1. The of a pen- 
ny ; a small copper coin of Great Britain. 2 . Farthings, 
in the plural, copper coin. 3 . Very small price or value. 
4 . A division of land 3 [oZ?*\] 

FA R'TH IN-GALE, n. A hoop petticoat 3 or circles of 
hoops, formed of whalebone, used to extend the petticoat. 

FAR'THlNGS-WoRTII, n. As much as is sold for a far- 
thing. Arbuthnot. 


FAS'CES, 71 . plu. [L. /B5ci5.] In Roman antiquity, a bun- 
dle of rods, bound round the helve of an axe, and borne be- 
fore the Roman magistrates as a badge of their authority. 

FAS'Cl-A, (fash'e-a) n. [L.] 1 . A band, sash or fillet. — In 
architecture, any flat member with a small projecture. — 
2 . In astronomy, the belt of a planet. — 3 . In surgery, a 
bandage, roller or ligature. — 4 . In anatomy, a tendinous 
expansion or aponeurosis. 

FAS'CI-AL, (fash'e-al) a. Belonging to the fasces. 

FASCI-A-TED, (fash'e-a-ted) a. Bound with a fillet, sash 
or bandage. 

FAS-CI-a''JTON, (fash-e-a'shun) n. The act or manner of 
binding up diseased parts 3 bandage. 

FAS'CI-GLE, 77. [L. fasciculus.] in botany, a bundle, or 
little bundle 3 a species of inflorescence. 

FAS-CI€'U-LAR, a. \1j. fascicularis.] United in a bundle. 

FAS-CIG'IJ-LAR-LY, ado. In the form of bundles. 

FAS-CI€'U-LATE, FAS-CIG'U-LA-TED, or FAS'CI- 
UliED, a. Growing in bundles or bunches from the same 
point. 

FAS-CIG'U-LTTE, n. A variety of fibrous hornblend. 

FAS'CI-NATE, V. t. [L. fascino.] 1 . To bewitch 5 to en- 
chant 3 to operate on by some powerful or irresistible in- 
fluence. 2 . To charm 5 to captivate 3 to excite and allure 
irresistibly or powerfully. 

FAS'CI-NA-TED, pp. Bewitched 3 enchanted 3 charmed. 

FAS'CI-NA-TING, ;7//r. Bewitching 3 enchanting 3 charm- 
ing 3 captivating. 

FAS-CI-Na'TION, 77. The act of bewitching or enchant- 
ing 3 enchantment 5 witchcraft 3 a powerful or irresistible 
influence on the affections or passions 3 unseen, inexplica- 
ble influence. 

* FAS'ClNE, or FAS-CINE', n. [Fr.] In fortification, a 
fagot, a buiidle of rods or small sticks of wood. 

t FAS'CI-NOUS, a. Caused or acting by witchcraft. Harvey. 

FASH, V. t. [Old Fr. fascher.] To vex 3 to tease. 

FASH'ION, (fash'un) n. [Fr./afo/?.] 1 . The make or form 
of any thing 3 the state of any thing with regard to its ex- 
ternal appearance 3 sliape. 2 . Form 3 model to be imi- 
tated 3 pattern. 3 . The form of a garment 5 the cut or 
shape of clothes. 4 . The prevailing mode of dress or or- 
nament. 5 . Manner 3 sort 3 way 3 mode. 6. Custom 3 
prevailing mode or practice. 7 . Genteel life or good 
breeding. 8. Any thing worn 3 [0&5.] 9 . Genteel com- 
pany. 10 . Workmanship. 

FASH'ION, (fash'un) v. t. [Fr. fagonner.] 1 . To form 3 to 
give shape or figure to 3 to mold. 2 . To fit 3 to adapt 3 to 
accommodate. 3 . To make according to the rule pre- 
scribed by custom. 4 . To forge or counterfeit 3 [065.] 

FASH'ION-A-BLE, a. 1 . Made according to the prevailing 
form or mode. 2 . Established by custom or use 3 cur- 
rent 3 prevailing at a particular time. 3 . Observant of the 
fashion or customary mode 3 dressing or behaving accord- 
ing to the prevailing fashion. 4 . Genteel 3 well bred. 

FASIFION-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being fashiona- 
ble 3 modish elegance 3 such appearance as is according to 
the prevailing custom. 

FASH'ION-A-BLY, ado. In a manner according to fashion, 
custom or prevailing practice. 

FASH'IONED, pp. Made 3 formed 3 shaped 3 adapted. 

FASH'ION-ER, 71. One who forms or gives shape to. 

FASH'ION-ING, ppr. Forming 3 giving shape to 3 fitting 3 
adapting. 

FASH'ION-IST, 77. A follower of the mode 3 a fop 3 a cox- 
comb. Diet. 

FASH'ION-MoN'GER, n. One who studies the fashion 3 a 
fop. 

FASH'ION-M6N'GER-ING, a. Behaving like a fashion- 
monger. Shale. 

FAS'SA-ITE, 77. A mineral, a variety of augite. 

FAST, a. [Sax. fwst, fest.] 1 . Close 3 tight. 2 . Firm 3 
immovable. 3 . Close 3 strong. 4 . Firmly fixed 3 closely 
adhering. 5 . Close, as sleep 3 deep 3 sound. 6. Firm in 
adherence . — Fast and loose, variable 3 inconstant 3 as, to 
play/ast aiid loose. 

FAST, adv. Firmly 3 immovably . — Fast by, or fast beside, 
close or near to. 

FAST, a. [W. f^st.] Swift 3 moving rapidly 3 quick in 
motion. 

FAST, ado. Swiftly 3 rapidly 5 with quick steps. 

FAST, V. i. [Sax./7pstfi77.] 1 . To abstain from food, beyond 
the usual time 3 to omit to take the usual meals, for a 
time. 2 . To abstain from food voluntarily. 3 . To ab- 
stain from food partially, or from particular kinds of 
food . 

FAST, 77. 1 . Abstinence from food 3 properly, a total absti- 
nence, but it is used also for an abstinence from particular 
kinds of food, for a certain time. 2. Voluntary abstinence 
from food, as a religious mortification or humiliation. 3. 
The time of fasting, whether a day, week or longer time. 

FAST, 77. That which fastens or holds. 

FAST'-DaY, 77. The day on which fasting is observed. 

FAS'TEN, (fas'll) v.t. [Sax. feestnian.] 1 . To fix firmly 3 
to make fast or close. 2 . To lock, bolt or bar 3 to secure. 


* See Sijnopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, /o77^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT 5— PREY 5— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3— f Obsolete, 


FAT 


331 


FAT 


3. To hold together ; to cement or to link ; to unite close- 
ly. 4. To attix or conjoin. 5. To fix j to impress. G. 
To lay on with strength. 

FAS'TEN, V. i. To fasten on, is to fix one’s self j to seize 
and hold on ; to clinch. 

FAS'TENED, pp. Made firm or fast ; impressed. 

FAS'TEN-Elt, n. One that makes fast or firm. 

FAS'TEA-IXG, ppr. iNIaking fast. 

FAS'TEN-li\G, n. Any thing that binds and makes fast j 
or that which is intended for that purpose. 

FAST'ER, V. One who abstains from food. 

FAST/-11AND-ED, a. Closehanded j covetous ; closefisted 
avaricious. Bacon. 

f FAS-TlD-1-OS'l-TY, n. Fastidiousness. Swift. 

FAS-TID'I-OUS, «. [L.fastidiosus.] 1. Uisdainful ; squeam- 
ish ; delicate to a fault ; over nice ; difficult to please. 2. 
Squeamish ; rejecting what is common or not very nice ; 
suited with difficulty. 

FAS-TID'1-OUS-LY, adv. Disdainfully j squeamishly j con- 
temptuously. 

FAS-TID'I-OIJS-NESS, n. Disdainfulness; contemptuous- 
ness ; squeamishness of mind, taste or appetite. 

FAS-TI(j'l-ATE, I a. [L. fastigiatus.] 1. In botany, a 

FAS-TlCi'1-A-TED, ^ fastigiate stem is one whose branches 
are of an equal height. 2. Roofed ; narrowed to the 
top. 

FAST'ING, ppr. Abstaining from food. 

FAST'ING, n. The act of abstaining from food. 

FAST'ING-DaY, n. A day of fasting ; a fast-day. 

FAST'LY, ado. Surely. Barret. 

FAST'NESS, n. [Sax. fwstenesse.] 1. The state of being 
fast and firm ; firm adherence. 2. «Strength ; security. 

3. A strong hold ; a fortress or fort ; a place fortified ; a 
castle. 4. Closeness ; conciseness of style ; [oi»s.] 

FAS'TLF-OUS, a. [L. /astaosus.j Proud; haughty; disdain- 
ful. Barjoic. 

FAT, a. [Sax./ifit,/e«.] 1. Fleshy; plump; corpulent. 2. 
Coarse; gross. 3. Dull ; heavy; stupid; unteachable. 

4. Rich ; wealthy ; affluent. 5. Rich ; producing a large 
income. G. Rich ; fertile. 7. x\bounding in spiritual 
grace and comfort. Ps. xcii. 

FAT, 11 . 1. An oily concrete substance, deposited in the 
cells of the adipose or cellular membrane of animal bodies. 
2. The best or richest part of a thing. 

FAT, V. t. To make fat ; to fatten ; to make plump and 
fleshy with abundant food. 

FAT, V. i. To grow fat, plump and fleshy. 

FAT, or VAT, n. [Sax. fwt, fat, fet ; D. vat.] A large tub, 
cistern or vessel used for various purposes, as by brewers 
to run their wort in, by tanners for holding their bark and 
hides, &:c. 

FAT, 11 . A measure of capacity, but indefinite. 

Fa'TAL, a. [L,. fatalis.] 1. Proceeding from fate or desti- 
ny ; necessary ; inevitable. 2. Appointed by fate or des- 
tiny. 3. Causing death or destruction; deadly; mortal. 
4. Destructiv^e ; calamitous. 

Fa'TAL-ISM, 11 . The doctrine that all things are subject 
to fate, or that they take place by inevitable necessity. 

Fa'T AL-IST, 11 . One who maintains that all things happen 
by inevitable necessity. Watts. 

Fa-TAL'1-TY, 11 . [Fr. fatalite.] 1. A fixed, unalterable 
course of things, independent of God or any controlling 
cause ; an invincible necessity existing in things them- 
selves ; a doctrine of the Stoics. 2. Decree of fate. 3. 
Tendency to danger, or to some great or hazardous event. 
4. Mortality. 

Fa^TAL-LY, ado. 1. By a decree of fate or destiny; by 
inevitable necessity or determination. 2. Mortally ; de- 
structively ; in death or ruin. 

Fa'TAL-NESS, 77. Invincible necessity. 

P'AT'BRaINED, a. Dull of apprehension. Shak. 

FATE, 11 . [L. fatam.] 1. Primarily, a decree or word pro- 
nounced by God. lienee, inevitable necessity ; destiny 
depending on a superior cause, and uncontrollable. 2. 
Event predetermined ; lot ; destiny. 3. Final event ; 
death ; destruction. 4. Cause of death. 

FA'TED, a. 1. Decreed by fiite ; doomed; destined. 2. 
Modeled or regulated by fate. 3. Endued with any 
quality by fate. 4. Invested with the power of fatal de- 
termination. 

FaTE'FIJL, a. Bearing fatal power; producing fatal events. 
.7. Barloic. 

FATES, 11 . pin. In mythology, the destinies or parcce ; 
goddesses supposed to preside over the birth and life of 
men. They were three in number, Clotho, Lachesis and 
Jitropos. 

FA'THER,77. l^tix. feeder, fedcr •, G.vatcr ; D. vadcr ; Ice., 
Sw. and Dan. fader-, Gr. -aryp ^ 1j. pater.] 1. He who 
begets a child. 2. The fii'st ancestor ; the progenitor of a 
race or family. 3. The appellation of an old man, and a 
term of respect. 4. The grandfather, or more remote an- 
cestor. 5. One who feeds and supports, or exercises pater- 
nal care over another. 6. He who creates, invents, makes 
or composes any thing ; the author, former or contriver ; 


a founder, director or instructor. God, as Creator, is thfl 
Father of all men. 7. Fathers, in the plural, ancestors* 
8. A father-in-law. 9. The appellation of the first person 
in the adorable Trinity. 10. The title given to dignitaries 
of the church, superiors of convents, and to popish con- 
fessors. 11. The appellation of the ecclesiastical writers 
of the first centuries, as Polycarp, .Jerome, &,c. 12. The 

title of a senator in ancient Rome ; as, conscript /at/ters. 

Adoptive father, he who adopts the children of another, and 
acknowledges them as his own. — JSTatural father, the fa- 
ther of illegitimate children. — Putative father , one who is 
only reputed to be the father ; the supposed father. 

FA'THER-IN-LAVV, n. The father of one’s husband or 
wife. 

FA'THER, V. t. 1. To adopt ; to take the child of another 
as one’s own. 2. To adopt any thing as one’s own; to 
profess to be the author. 3. To ascribe or charge to one 
as his offspring or production. 

FA'THERED, pp. 1. Adopted; taken as one’s own; as- 
cribed to one as the author. 2. Having had a father of 
particular qualities. 

FA'THER-HOOD, n. The state of being a father, or the 
character or authority of a father. 

FA'THER-ING, p/7. Adopting; taking or acknowledging as 
one’s own : ascribing to the father or author. 

FA'THER-LASH-ER, n. A fish of the genus cottas. 

FA'THER-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of a living father. 2. 
Without a known author. 

FA'THER-LESS-NESS, n. The state of being without a 
fixtli 0 r 

FA'THER-LT-NESS, n. The qualities of a father ; parental 
kindness, care and tenderness. 

FA'THER-LY, a. 1. Like a father in affection and care : 
tender ; paternal ; protecting ; careful. 2. Pertaining to 
a father. 

FA'THER-LY, adv. In the manner of a father. 

FATH'OM, 11 . [Sax. feethem.] 1. A measure of length con- 
taining six feet, the space to which a man may extend 
his arms. 2. Reach ; penetration ; depth of thought or 
contrivance 

FATH'OM, V. t. 1. To encompass with the arms extended 
or encircling. 2. To reach ; to master ; to comprehend. 
3. To reach in depth ; to sound ; to try the depth. 4. To 
penetrate ; to find the bottom or extent. 

FATH'OMED, pp. Encompessed with the arms ; reached ; 
comprehended. 

FATH'OM-ER, n. One who fathoms. 

FATH'OM-ING, ppr. Encompassing with the arms ; reach- 
ing ; comprehending ; sounding ; penetrating. 

FATH'OM-LESS, a. I. That of which no bottom can be 
found ; bottomless. 2. That cannot be embraced, or en- 
compassed with the arms. 3. Not to be penetrated or 
comprehended. 

FA-T1D'I-€AL, a. [L,. fatidicus.] Having power to foretell 
future events ; prophetic. 

FA-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [h. fatifer.] Deadly ; mortal ; destruc- 
tive. Diet. 

PAT'I-GA-BLE, a. That may be wearied ; easily tired. 

FAT'l-GATE, v. t. [h. fatigo.] To weary ; to tire. 

FAT'I-GATE, a. Wearied; tired. [Little used.] 

FAT-I-Ga'TION, 77. Weariness. W. Mountagu. 

FA-TIGUE', (fa-teeg') n. [Fr.] 1. Weariness with bodi- 
ly labor or mental exertion ; lassitude or exhaustion of 
strength. 2. The cause of weariness; labor; toil. 3. 
The labors of military men, distinct from the use of 
arms. 

FA-TlGUE', (fa-teeg') v. t. [L. fatigo.] 1. To tire ; to wea- 
ry with labor or any bodily or mental exertion ; to harass 
with toil ; to exhaust the strength by severe or long- 
continued exertion. 2. To weary by importunity ; to 
harass. 

FA-TiGU'ED, (fa-teegd') pp. Wearied ; tired ; harassed. 

FA-TiGU'ING, (fa-teeg'ing) ppr. I. Tiring; wearying; 
harassing. 2. a. Inducing weariness or lassitude. 

FA-TIS'CENCE, n. [L. fatisco.] A gaping or opening ; a 
state of being chinky. 

FAT-KID'NEYED, a. Fat ; gross. Shak. 

FAT'LING, 77. A lamb, kid or other young animal, fat- 
tened for slaughter ; a fat animal. 

FAT'LY, adv. Grossly ; greasily. 

FAT'NER,.77. That which fattens. 

FAT'NESS, 77. I. The quality of being fat, plump, or full- 
fed ; corpulency ; fullness of flesh. 2. Unctuous or 
greasy matter. 3. Unctuousness ; sliminess ; hence, rich- 
ness ; fertility; fruitfulness. 4. That which gives fer- 
tility. 5. The privileges and pleasures of religion ; abun- 
dant blessings. Is. Iv. 

FAT'TEN, (fat'tn) v.t.l. To make fat ; to feed for slaughter ; 
to make fleshy, or plump with fat. 2. To make fertile and 
fruitful ; to enrich. 3. To feed grossly ; to fill. 

FAT'TEN, (fat'tn) v. i. 'I'o grow fat or corpulent ; to grow 
plump, thick or flesliy ; to be pampered. 

FAT'TENED, (fat'tnd) pp. Made fat, plump or fleshy. 

FAT'TEN-ER, n. See Fatner. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


FAV 


332 


FEA 


FAT'TEN-ING, (fat'tn-ing) ppr. Making fat ; growing fat j 
making or growing rich and fruitful. 

FAT'TI-NEISS, n. The state of being fat j grossness. 

FAT'TISH, a. Somewliat fat. '.SVier /rood. 

FAT'TV, a. Having the qualities of fat ; greasy. 

FA-TO'l-TY, 71. fatuitas.l Weakness or imbecility of 
mind ; feebleness of intellect ; foolishness. 

FA'FlJ-OlJrf, a, [L. fatuiis.'\ 1. Feeble in mind j weak; 
silly; stupid; foolish. 2. Impotent; without force or 
fire ; illusory. 

FAT'WIT-TED, a. Heavy; dull; stupid. Shak. 

FAU'CET, 71. [Fr./att^.'A’et.] A pipe to be inserted in a cask 
for drawing liquor, and stopped with a peg or spigot. 

FAU'CHlOiN. See Falchion. 

FAU'FEL, n. [said to be Sanscrit.] The fruit of a species 
of the palm-tree. 

FAUGH, (full) An interjection of abhorrence. 

FAULT, 71. [Ft. fautc.] 1. An error or mistake ; a blunder; 
a defect ; a blemish ; whatever impairs excellence. — 2. 
Ill morals or deportment^ any error or defect ; an im[jer- 
fection ; any deviation from propriety ; a slight offense ; 
a neglect of duty or propriety. 3. Defect ; want ; ab- 
sence ; [o5s. See Default.] 4. Puzzle ; difficulty. — 5. In 
mining, a fissure in strata, causing a dislocation of the 
same, and thus interrupting the course of veins. — To find 
fault, to express blame ; to complain. — To find fault with, 
to blame ; to censure. 

t FAULT, V. i. To fail ; to be wrong. Spenser.. 

FAULT, V. t. To charge with a fault ; to accuse. 

FAULT'ED, pp. Charged with a fault ; accused. 

FAULTIER, 71. An offender ; one who commits a fault. 

FAULT'-FTND-ER, n. One who censures or objects. 

FAULT'FIIL, a. Full of faults or sins. Shak. 

FAULTff-LY, ado. Defectively ; erroneously ; imperfect- 
ly ; improperly ; wrongly. 

FAULT ! NESS, n. 1. The state of being faulty, defective 
or erroneous ; defect. 2. Badness ; vitiousness ; evil dis- 
position. 3. Delinquency ; actual offenses. 

FAULTING, ppr. Accusing. 

FAULT'LESS, a. 1. Without fault; not defective or im- 
perfect ; free from blemish ; free from incorrectness ; 
perfect. 2. Free from vice or imperfection. 

FAULT'LESS-NESS, n. Freedom from faults or defects. 

FAULT' iT, a. 1. Containing faults, blemishes or defects; 
defective ; imperfect. 2. Guilty of a fault or of faults ; 
hence, blamable ; worthy of censure. 3. Wrong ; erro- 
neous. 4. Defective ; imperfect ; bad. 

FAUN, 71. [L. faunas.] Among the Romans, a kind of 
demigod, or rural deity, called also sylvan. 

FAUN'IST, 71. One who attends to rural disquisitions ; a 
naturalist. White. 

FAUSSE'-BRa YE, n. A small mount of earth, four fathoms 
wide, erected on the level around the foot of the rampart. 

FAU'SEN, 71. A large eel. Chapman. 

FAU'TOR, 71. [L.] A favorer; a patron; one who gives 
countenance or support. [Little \ised.] 

FAU'TRESS, 71. A female favorer ; a patroness. 

I FAV'EL, 71. [Ft.favele.] Deceit. Old Morality of Hycke- 
Scorner. 

fFAV'EL, a. [Ft. faveau.] Yellow; fallow; dun. 

FA-VIL'LOUS, a. [F. favilla.] 1. Consisting of or pertain- 
ing to ashes. 2, Resembling ashes. 

Fa'VOR, n. [F. favor ; Ft. faoeur.] 1. Kind regard ; kind- 
ness ; countenance ; propitious aspect ; friendly disposition. 
2. Support ; defense ; vindication ; or disposition to aid, 
befriend, support, promote or justify. 3. A kind act or 
office ; kindness done or granted ; benevolence shown by 
word or deed ; any act of grace or good will. 4. Lenity ; 
mildness or mitigation of punishment. 5. Leave ; good 
will ; a yielding or concession to another ; pardon. 6. 
The object of kind regard ; the person or thing favored. 
7. A gift or present ; something bestowed as an evidence 
of good will ; a token of love ; a knot of ribbons ; some- 
thing worn as a token of affection. 8. A feature; coun- 
tenance; [aefwscd.] 9. Advantage; convenience afford- 
ed for success. 10. Partiality ; bias. 

Fa'VOR, V. t. 1. To regard witli kindness ; to support ; to 
aid or have the disposition to aid, or to wish success to ; 
to be propitious to ; to countenance ; to befriend ; to en- 
courage. 2. To afford advantages for success ; to facili- 
tate. 3. To resemble in features. 4. To ease ; to spare. 

Fa'VOR-A-BLE, a. [L. favorabilis ; Fr., Pp. favorable ; 
It. favnrabile, or favorevole.] 1. Kind ; propitious; friend- 
ly ; affectionate. 2. Palliative ; tender ; averse to cen- 
sure. 3. Conducive to ; contributing to ; tending to pro- 
mote. 4. Convenient; advantageous; affording means 
to facilitate, or affording facilities. 5. Beautiful ; well 
favored ; 

Fa' VOR-A-BliE-NESS, 71. 1. Kindness ; kind disposition 
or regard. 2. Convenience ; suitableness ; that state 
which affords advantages for success : conduciveness. 

FA'VOR-A-BIiY, odv. Kindly ; with friendly dispositions ; 
witli regard or affection ; with an inclination to favor. 

Fa'VORED, pp. 1. Countenanced ; supported ; aided ; sup- 


plied with advantages ; eased ; spared. 2. a. Regarded 
witli kindness. 3. With well or ill prefixed, featured ; 
as, well-favoreJ, ill-favored . — Well-favor edly, witli a 
good appearance ; [little used.] Ill-faooredly, with a bad 
appearance ; [little used.] 

Fa' VOR-ED-NESS, n. Appearance. Deut. 

Fa'VOR-ER, 71. One who favors ; one who regards wdth 
kindness or friendship; a well-wisher, 
f Fa'VOR-ESS, 71. fche who countenances, or favors. 
Fa'VOR-ING, ])pr. Regarding with friendly dispositions; 

countenancing ; wishing well to ; facilitating. 
Fa'VOR-ITE, n. [Fr. favori, favoi-Ue.] A person or thing 
regarded with peculiar favor, preference and affection ; 
one greatly beloved. 

Fa'VOR-iTE, a. Regarded with particular kindness, af- 
fection, esteem or preference. 

Fa'VOR-IT- 1SM, 71. 1. Ihe act or practice of favoring. 2. 
The disposition to favor. Paley. 3. Exercise of power by 
favorites. Burke. 

Fa'VOR-LESS, a. 1. Unfavored ; not regarded with favor. 

2. Not favoring ; unpropitious. Spenser. 

FAV'O-SITE, 71. [L./ttiuis.] A genus of fossil zoophytes. 
FAWN, 71. [Fr. /ami.] A young deer ; a buck or doe of the 
first year. 

FAWN, i;.i. [Fr. faonner.] To bring forth a fawn. 
FAWN, V. i. [Sax. ftogejiian.] 1. To court favor, or show 
attachment to, by frisking about one. 2. To soothe ; to 
ffatter meanly ; to blandish ; to court servilely ; to cringe 
and bow to gain favor. 

FAWN, 77. A servile cringe or bow ; mean flattery. 
FAWN'ER, 71. One who fawns; one who cringes and flat- 
ters meanly. 

FAWN'ING, ppr. Courting servilely ; flattering by cringing 
and meanness ; bringing forth a fawn. 

FAWN'ING, 71. Gross flattery. Shak. 

FAWN'ING-LY, ado. In a cringing, servile way; with 
mean flattery. 

t FAX'ED, a. [Sax. /eaz.] Hairy. Camden, 

FAY, 71. [Ft. fee.] A fairy ; an elf. Pope. 

FAY, v.i. [Sax. /iPo-aM.] To fit; to suit; to unite closely 
with. See Fadge. 

FAY, u. #. [Su. Goth. /cia.] 1. To cleanse, as a ditch or pond. 
Cheshire Oloss. 2. To cast up ; to cleanse ; to remove 
earth. Craven dialect. 
t FeA'BER-RY, 71. A gooseberry. Diet. 
t FeAGUE, (feeg) v. t. [G. fegen.] To beat or whip. 
Fe'AL, a. Faithful. 

FeAL, V. t. [Icel. /eL] To hide ; to conceal. JV". of Eng. 

* Fe'AL-TY, 71. [Fx.feal; M. fedeltd.] Fidelity to a lord; 
a faithful adherence of a tenant or vassal to the sujierior 
of whom he holds his lands ; loyalty. 

FeAR, 71. 1. A painful emotion or passion excited by an ex- 
pectation of evil, or the apprehension of impending dan- 
ger. Fear expresses less apprehension than dread, and 
dread less than terror and fright. 2. Anxiety ; solici- 
tude. 3. The cause of fear. 4. The object of fear. 
5. Something set or hung up to terrify wild animals, by 
its color or noise. — 6. In Scripture, fear is used to express 
a filial or a slavish passion. 7. The worship of God. 8. 
The law and word of God. 9. Reverence ; respect ; due 
regard. 

FeAR, v. t. [Sax. feeran, afeeran.] 1. To feel a painful 
apprehension of some impending evil ; to be afraid of ; 
to consider or expect with emotions of alarm or solicitude. 

2. To reverence ; to have a reverential awe ; to venerate. 

3. To affright ; to terrify ; to drive away by fear ; [o6*-.] 
FeAR, V. i. To be in apprehension of evil ; to be afraid ; 

to^feel anxiety on account of some expected evil, 
t FeAR, 71. [Sax. /era, /Tf/(?ra.] A companion. Sec Peer. 
FeARED, pp. Apprehended or expected with painful solic- 
itude ; reverenced. 

* FeAR'FUL, a. 1. Affected by fear ; feeling pain in ex- 
pectation of evil. 2. Timid ; timorous ; wanting courage. 
3. Terrible ; impressing fear ; frightful ; dreadful. 4. Aw- 
ful ; to be reverenced. 

* FEAR'F^JL, adv. Used adverbially in the JVorth of Eng- 
land. 

* FEx'\R'F1jL-LY, adv. 1. Timorously ; in fear. 2. Ter- 
ribly ; dreadfully; in a manner to impress terror. 3. In 
a manner to impress admiration and astonishment. 

* FeAR'FT.JL-NESS, 71. 1. Timorousness; timidity. 2. 

State of being afraid; awe; dread. 3. Terror; alarm; 
apprehension of evil. 

FeAR'LESS, a. 1. Free from fear. 2. Bold ; courageous ; 
intrepid ; undaunted. 

FeAR'LESS-LY, adv. Without fear; in a bold or coura- 
geous manner; intrepidly. 

FeAR'LESS-NESS, 71. Freedom from fear; courage ; bold- 
ness ; intrepidity. 

FeAS-I-BIL'I-TY, 71. The quality of being capable of ex- 
ecution ; practicability. 

FeAS'I-BLE, a. [Fr. faisahle.] 1. That may be done, per- 
formed, executed or effected ; praci.Icable. 2. That may 
be used or tilled, as land. B. Trumbull. 


* Sec Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — | Obsolete, 


FEC 


333 


FEAf?'I-BLE, n. That which is practicable ; that which can 
be performed by human means. 

FicAyi'i-iiLE-NESS, n. Feasibility j practicability. 

FkAS' 1 -BLY, ado. Fracticably. 

FkAST, [L.festum; Fr. fvle.] 1. A sumptuous repast 
or entertainment, of which a number of guests partake. 

2. A rich or delicious repast or meal ; something delicious 
to the palate. 3. A ceremony of feasting ; an anniversary, 
periodical or stated celebration of some event ; a festival ; 
4. iSomething delicious and entertaining to the mind or 
soul. 5. That which delights and entertains. 

Feast, 1 \ i. l. To eat sumptuously ; to dine or sup on rich 
provisions. Job, i. 2. To be highly gratified or delighted. 

FjcAST, V. t. 1. To entertain with sumptuous provisions ; 
to treat at the table magnificently. 2. To delight j to 
pamper ; to gratify luxuriously. 

Feast ed, pp. Entertained sumptuously ; delighted. 

FeAST'ER, n. 1. One who fares deliciously. 2. One who 
entertains magnificently. Johnson. 

FeAST'FIJL, a. 1. Festive j joyful. Milton. 2. Sumptu- 
ous ; luxurious. Pope. 

FeAST'ING, ppr. J. Eating luxuriously. 2. Delighting j 
gratifying. 3. Entertaining with a sumptuous table. 

FeAST'ENCJ, n. An entertainment. 

Feast Rite, n. custom observed in entertainments. 

FeAT, n. [Fr. fait.l 1. An act ; a deed ; an exploit. — 2. 
In a subordinate sense, any extraordinary act of strength, 
skill or cunning. 

t FeAT, a. Ready ; skilful ; ingenious. Shak. 

I FeAT, V. t. To form ; to fashion. Shak. 

t FeAT'E-OUS, a. Neat ; dextrous. 

t FeAT'E-OUS-LY, ado. Neatly j dextrously. 

FE ATH'ER, ) n. [Sax. fether ; G. feder. 'I’he latter orthog- 

FETH'ER, \ raphy is more accordant with etymology.] 

1. A plume ; a general name of the covering of fowls. 2. 
Kind ; nature ; species ; from the proverbial phrase, 
“birds of a feather.^^ 3. An ornament ; an empty title. 
— 4. On a horse, a sort of natural frizzling of the hair. — Ji 
feather in the cap is an honor or mark of distinction. 

FEATH'ER, v. t. 1. To dress in feathers ; to fit with 
feathers, or to cover with feathers. 2. To tread, as a cock. 

3. To enrich ; to adorn 3 to exalt. — To feather one^s nest, 
to collect wealth. 

FEATH'ER-BED, n. A bed filled with feathers *, a soft bed. 

FEATH’ER-DRIV'ER, n. One who beats feathers to make 
them light or loose. 

FEATIFEREI), pp. 1. Covered with feathers; enriched. 

2. a. Clothed or covered with feathers. 3. Fitted or fur- 
nished with feathers. 4. Smoothed, like down or feath- 
ers. 5. Covered with things growing from the substance. 

FEATH'ER-EDGE, n. An edge like a feather. 

FEATH'ER-EDGED, a. Having a thin edge. 

FEATH'ER-FEW. A corruption of fever-few. 

FEATH'ER-GRASS, w. A p\OL\\l, granien plumosum. John- 
son. 

FEATH'ER-LESS, a. Destitute of feathers ; unfledged. 
How el. 

t FEATIFER-LY, a. Resembling feathers. Brown. 

FEATH'ER-SEL'LER, ?^. One vvho sells featliers for beds. 

FEATIFER-Y, a. 1. Clothed or covered with feathers. Mil- 
ton. 2. Resembling feathers. 

FeAT'LY, ado. Neatly ; dextrously ; adroitly. 

FeAT'NESS, n. Dexterity ; adroitness ; skilfulness. [Little 
used.'\ 

t FeAT'OUS. See Feateous. 

FeAT'URE, 71. [Norm, faiture.'] 1. The make, form, or 
cast of any part of the face ; any single lineament. 2 . 
The make or cast of the face. 3. The fiishion ; the make ; 
the whole turn or cast of the body. 4. The make or form 
of any part of the surface of a thing. 5. Lineament; 
outline ; prominent parts. 

Feat ured, a. Having features or good features. 

FeAZE, V. t. To untwist the end of a rope. 

t FE-BRIC'I-TATE, v. i. [L. febricitor.^ To be in a fever. 
Diet. 

t FE-BRTC'U-LOSE, a. Troubled with a fever. Diet. 

FEB'RI-FA-CIENT, a. Causing fever. Beddoes. 

FEB'R[-Fa-C1ENT, n. That which produces fever. 

FE-RRIF'I€, a. [L. febris and facio.] Producing fever; 
feverish. 

FEB'R[-FUGE, n. [L. febris and fugo.] Any medicine 
that mitigates or removes fever. 

FEB RI-FUGE, a. Having tlie quality of mitigating or sub- 
duing fever; antifebrile. Arhuthnot. 

^FE'BRTLE,or FEB'RiLE, a. [Fr. ; L. febrilis.] Pertain- 
ing to fever ; indicating fever, or derived from it. 

FEli RU-A-RY, 7 ?. [L. Februarius.'] The name of the sec- 
ond month in the year. 

FEB-RU-a'TION, V. Purification. Spenser. 

Fii:'CAL, a. Containing or consisting of dregs, lees, sedi- 
nient or excrement. 

Fii^'CE?, n. phi. [f,. fwces.'] 1. Dregs; lees; sediment; 
the matter which subsides in casks of liquor. 2. Excre- 
ment. 


FEE 

FeOAL, a, [L. fecialis.'] Pertaining to heralds and the 
denunciation of war to an enemy. Kent. 

I FECK'LESS, a. Spiritless ; feeble ; weak ; perhaps a cor- 
ruption of effectless. 

FE€'U-LA, n. 1 . The green matter of plants; chlorophjl. 
Ure. 2. Starch or farina. 

FEC'U-LENCE, ) n. [L. fwculentia.] 1. Muddiness ; foul- 

FEC'U-LEN-CY, | ness; the quality of being foul. 2. 
Lees ; sediment; dregs. 

FEC'U-LENT, a. Foul with extraneous or impure sub- 
stances; muddy; thick; turbid. 

FEC'U-LUM, n. A dry, dusty substance obtained from 
plants. 

*FE'€UND, a. [L. foecundus.] Fruitful in children ; pro- 
lific. Oraunt. 

* Fe'CUN-DATE, V. t. 1. To make fruitful or prolific. 2. 
To impregnate. 

* Fe'€UN-DA-TED, 77 J 7 . Rendered prolific or fruitful. 

* Fe CUN-DA-TING, ppr. Rendering fruitful. 

FE-CUN-Da'TION, 71. The act of making fruitful or pro- 
lific ; impregnation. 

FE-CUND'l-FY, v. t. To make fruitful ; to fecundate. 

FE-CUNDT-TY, n. [L. faecunditas 1. F'ruitfulness ; the 
quality of producing fruit ; particularly, the quality in fe- 
male animals of producing young in great numbers. 2 . 
The power of producing or bringing forth. Ray. 3. Fer- 
tility ; the power of bringing forth in abundance ; rich- 
ness of invention. 

FED, pret and pp. of feed, which see. 

FED'ER-AL, a. [L. faedus.'l 1 . Pertaining to a league or 
contract. Orew. 2 . Consisting in a compact between par- 
ties ; founded on alliance by contract or mutual agreement. 

3. Friendly to the constitution of the United JStates. 

FED'ER-AL-IST, n. An ajipellation, in America, given to 
the friends of the constitution of the United States, at its 
formation and adoption, and to the political party which 
favored the administration of President Washington. 

I FED'ER-A-RY, or | FED'A-RY, n. A partner ; a a)nfede- 
rate ; an accomplice. Shak. 

FED'ER-ATE, a. [L. fwderatus.'] Leagued ; united by 
compact, as sovereignties, states or nations ; joined in 
confederacy. 

FED-ER-a'TION, n. 1. The act of uniting in a league. 2. 
A league ; a confederacy. Burke. 

FED'ER-A-TIVE, a. Uniting ; joining in a league ; form- 
ing a confederacy. 

t FED'I-'l Y, 77 . \1j. feeditas.'] Turpitude; vileness, 

FEE, 77 . [Sax. /eo,/co/ 7 .] I. A reward or compensation for 
services ; recompense, either gratuitous, or established by 
law. 

FEE, 77. [a contraction o^feud or fief .'] Primarily, a loan of 
land, an estate in trust, granted by a prince or lord, to be 
held by the grantee on condition of jwrsonal service, or 
other condition ; and if the grantee or tenant failed to per- 
form the conditions, the land reverted to the lord or donor, 
called the landlord, or lend-lord, the lord of the loan. A 
fee, then, is any land or tenement held of a superFr on 
certain conditions. It is synonymous with fiiefond feud. 
— In the United States, an estate in fee or fee-simple, is 
what is called in English law an allodial estate, an estate 
held by a person in his own right, and descendible to the 
heirs in general. 

FEE^-FARM, a. A kind of tenure of estates without hom- 
age, fealty or other service, except that mentioned in the 
feoflrnent. 

FEE^-TaIL, 77. An estate entailed ; a conditional fee. 

FEE, V. t. 1. To pay a fee to ; to reward. Hence, 2. To 
engage in one’s service by advancing a fee or sum of 
money to. 3. To hire ; to bribe. 4. To keep in liire. 

FEE'BLE, a. [Fr. foible ,* Pp. feble.'] 1. Weak , destitiite 
of much physical strength. 2. Infirm ; sickly ; debilitated 
by disease. 3. Debilitated by age or decline of life. 4. 
Not full or loud. 5. Wanting force or vigor. 0. Not 
bright or strong ; faint ; imperfect. 7. Not strong or vig- 
orous. 8. Not vehement or rapid ; slow ; as, feeble mo- 
tion. 

t FEE'BLE, v.t. To weaken. See Exfeeble. 

FEE'BLE-MIND-ED, a. Weak in mind ; wanting firmness 
or constancy ; irresolute. 

FEE'BLE-NESS, n. 1. Weakness of body or mind, from 
any cause ; imbecility ; infirmity ; want of strengtli, phys- 
ical or intellectual. 2. Want of fullness or loudness. 3. 
Want of vigor or force. 4. Defect of briglitness. 

FEE'BLY, adv. Weakl}'^ ; without strength. 

FEED, V. t. pret. and pp. /eci. [Sax./eda/ 7 .] I. To give 
food to. 2. To supply with provisions. 3. To supply ; to 
furnish with any thing of which there is cojistant con- 
sumption, waste or use. 4. To graze ; to cause to be crop- 
ped by feeding, as herbage by cattle. 5. To nourish ; to 
cherish ; to supply with nutriment. 6 . To keep in liope 
or expectation. 7. To supply fuel. 8 , To deligiit ; to sup- 
ply with something desirable ; to entertain. 9. To give 
food or fodder for fattening ; to fatten. 10. To supply 
with food, and to lead, guard and protect. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D 6 VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


FEL 


334 


FEL 


FEED, V , t. 1. To take food ; to eat. 2. To subsist by eat- 
ing j to prey. 3. To pasture ; to graze ; to place cattle to 
feed. 4. To grow fat. 

FEED, n. 1. Food j that which is eaten j pasture ; fodder. 

2. Meal, or act of eating. 

FEED'Ell, 71. 1. One that gives food, or supplies nourish- 
ment. 2. One who furnishes incentives ; an encour ger. 

3. One that eats or subsists. 4. One that fattens cattle 
for slaughter. U. States. 5. A fountain stream or channel 
that supplies a main canal with water. — Feeder of a vein^ 
in mining^ a short cross vein. Cyc. 

FEED'iNG, ppr. Giving food or nutriment ; furnishing pro- 
visions ; eating; taking food or nourishment; grazing; 
nourishing ; supplying. 

FEEJ'IiNG, 71. Rich pasture. Drayton. 

FEEL, v.t.; pret. and pp./eZt. felan, fcelan^ gefelan.] 

1. To perceive by the touch ; to have sensation excited by 
contact of a thing with the body or limbs. 2. To have the 
sense of : to softer or enjoy. 3. To experience ; to suffer. 

4. To b.e'artected by ; to perceive mentally. 5. To know ; 
to be acquainted with ; to have a real and Just view of. 
6. To touch ; to handle ; with or without of. — To feel ^ or 
to feel out, is to try ; to sound ; to search for ; to explore. 
— To feel after, to search for ; to seek to find. 

FEEL, V. i. 1. To have perception by the touch. 2. To 
have the sensibility or the pas.sions moved or excited. 3. 
To give perception ; to excite sensation. 4. To have per- 
ception mentally ; as, to feel hurt. 

FEEL, 11 . The sense of feeling, or the perception caused by 
the touch. 

FEEL'ER, 71. 1, One who feels. 2. One of the palpi cf in- 
sects. 

FEEL'ING, ppr. 1. Perceiving by the touch ; having per- 
ception. 2. a. Expressive of great sensibility ; afi'ecting ; 
tending to excite the passions. 3. Possessing great sen- 
sibility ; easily affected or moved. 4. Sensibly or deeply 
affected. 

FEEL'ING, 77. 1. The sense of touch ; one of the five senses. 

2. Sensation; the effect of perception. 3. Faculty or 
power of perception ; sensibility. 4. Nice sensibility. 5. 
Excitement ; emotion. 

FEEL'ING-LY, adv. 1. With expression of great sensibil- 
ity ; tenderly. 2. So as to be sensibly felt. 

I FEESE, 77. A race. Barret. 

FEET, 77. plu. of foot. See Foot. 

FEET'LESS, a. Destitute of feet. 

FEIGN, (fane) v. t. [Fr. feindre.] 1. To invent or imag- 
ine ; to form an idea or conception of something not real. 
2. To make a show of ; to pretend ; to assume a false ap- 
pearance ; to counterfeit. 3. To represent falsely ; to 
pretend ; to form and relate a fictitious tale. 4. To dis- 
semble ; to conceal ; 

FEIGN, V. i. To relate falsely ; to image from the invention. 
Skak. 


FEIGNED, pp. Invented ; imagined ; assumed. 
FEIGN'ED-LY, adv. In fiction ; in pretense ; not really. 
FEIGN'ED-NESS, 77. Fiction; pretense; deceit. 
FEIGN'ER, 77. One who feigns ; an inventor. 

FEIGN'ING, ppr. Imagining ; inventing ; pretending ; mak- 


ing a false show. 


FEIGN'ING, 77. A false appearance ; artful contrivance. 
FEIGN'ING-LY, adv. With false appearance. 

FEINT, 77. [Fr. feinte.'\ 1. An assumed or false appearance ; 
a pretense of doing something not intended to be done. 
2. A mock attack. Prior. Encyc. 
t FEINT, a. or pp. Counterfeit ; seeming. Locke. 
FF/L.\ND-ERS, 77. [See Filanders.] Ainsworth. 

PFI 'SP\R^^’ ? [G* /'ShZ and sp«r.] A mineral widely 

n/tsPAmiT r distributed, and usually of a foliated 
FEL'SPATH, ^ siruciure. 

FELD-SPATEI'IC, a. Pertai)iing to feldspar. 
FE-LIC'I-TATE, v. t. [Fr. feliciter.] 1. To make very 
happy. 2. To congratulate ; to express joy or pleas- 


ure to. 

FE-LIC'I-TATE, a. Made very happy. Shak. 
FE-LIC'I-TA-TED, pp. Made very happy ; congratulated. 
FE-LlC'l-TA-TING, ppr. Making very happy ; congratu- 
lating. 

FE-LIC-I TJ5 TION, 77. Congratulation. Diet. 
FE-LIC'I-TOLTS, a. Very happy; prosperous; delightful. 
Diet. 

FE-LIC'I-TOUS-LY, adv. Happily. Diet. 

FE-LlC'l-TY, 77. [L. felicitas.] 1. Happiness, or rather 
great happiness ; blessedness ; blissfulness. 2. Prosperity ; 
blessing ; enjoyment of good. 

Fe'LTNE, a. [L. felinus.] Pertaining to cats, or to their 
species ; like a cat. 

FELL, pret. of fall. 

FELL, a. [Sax. fell.] 1. Cruel ; barbarous; inhuman. 2. 

Fierce ; savage ; ravenous ; bloody. Pope. 

FELL, 77. [Sax. fell.] A skin of a beast. 

FELL, 77 . [G. fels.] A barren or stony hill. [Local.] 
f FELL, 77. [SvLX. felle.] Anger; melanchohness. Spenser. 


FELL, V, t. [D. vellen ; G. fallen.] To cause to fall j to 
prostrate ; to bring to the ground. 

FELLED, pp. Knocked or cut down. 

FELL'ER, 77. One who hews or knocks down. 

FEL-LIF'LU-OU!S, a. Flowing with gall. Diet. 

FELL'ING, ppr. Cutting or beating to the ground. 

FELL'M6NG-ER, n. A dealer in hides. 

FELL'NESS, n. Cruelty ; barbarity ; rage. 

FELL'OE. See Felly. 

FEL'LoW, 77. [Sax. /eZazT).] 1. A companion; an asso- 
ciate. 2. One of the same kind. 3. An equal. 4. One 
of a pair, or of two things used together and suited to each 
other. 5. One equal or like anotlier. C. An appellation 
of contempt ; a man without good breeding or worth ; an 
ignoble man ; as, a mean fellow. 7. A member of a col- 
lege tliat shares its revenues ; or a member of any incor- 
porated society. 8. A member of a corporation ; a trus- 
tee. U. States. 

FEL'LoW, V. t. To suit with ; to pair with ; to match. — 
In composition, fellow denotes community of nature, sta- 
tion or employment. 

FEL'LoW-CIT'I-ZEN, n. A citizen of the same state or 
nation. Eph. ii. 

FEL'L5W-€OM'MON-ER, n. 1. One who has the same 
right of common. — 2. In Cambridge, England, one who 
dines with the fellows. 

FEL'LoW-€OUN'SEL-OR, n. An assoe’ate in council. 

FEL'LoW-CReAT'URE, 77. One of the same race or kind. 

FEL'LoW-FEEL'ING, 77. I. Sympathy; a like feeling. 
2. Joiiit interest ; [not in 77se.] 

FEL'LoW-HEIR, 77. A co-l»eir, or joint-heir ; one entitled 
to a share of the same inheritance. 

FEL'LoW-HELP'ER, n. A co-adjutor ; one who concurs 
or aids in the same business. 

FEL'LoW-La'BOR-ER, 77. One who labors in the same 
business or design. 

FEL'LoW-LiKE, 1 a. Like a companion; companionable; 

FEL'LoW-LY, I on equal terms. Carew. 

FEL'LoW-MaID'EN, 77. A maiden w’ho is an associate. 

FEL'LoW-MEM'BER, n. A member of the same body. 

FEL l<oW-MIN'IS-TER, n. One who officiates in the 
same ministry or calling. Shak. 

FEL'LoW-PEER, 77. One who has the like privileges of 
nobility. Shak. 

FEL'LoW-PRIS'ON-ER, 77. One imprisoned in the same 
place^ Rom. xvi. 

FEL'LoW-RaKE, 77. An associate in vice. 

FEL'LoW-SCHOL'AR, n. An associate in studies. 

FEL'LcW-SERV'ANT, 77. One who has the same master. ‘ 
Milton. 

FEL'LoW-SHIP, 77. 1. Companionship; society; consort; 
mutual association of persons on equal and friendly terms ; 
familiar intercourse. 2. Association ; confederacy ; com- 
bination. 3. Partnership; joint interest. 4. Company; 
a state of being together. 5. Frequency of intercourse. 
6. Fitness and fondness for festive entertainments. 7. 
Communion ; intimate familiarity. — 8. In arithmetic, the 
rule of proportions, by which the accounts of partners in 
business are adjusted. 9. An establishment in colleges, 
for the maintenance of a fellow. 

FEL'LoW-SoL'DIER, n. One wdio fights under the same 
cominander, orjs engaged in the same service. 

FEL'LoW-STReAM, 77. A stream in the vicinity. 

FEL'LoW-STC'DENT, n. One who studies in the same 
company or class with anotlier, 

FEL'LoW-SUB'JECT, n. One who is subject to the same 
government with another. 

FEL'LoW-SUF'FER-ER, n. One who shares in the same 
evil, or partakes of the same sufferings with another. 

FEL'LoW-3’RAV'EL-ER, n. One wdio travels in company 
with another. 

FEL'LoVV-WRiT'ER, n. One who w'rites at the same 
time. Addison. 

FEL'LoY/^WoRK'ER, n. One employed in the same oc- 
cupation. 

FEL'LY, adv. Cruelly ; fiercely ; barbarously. 

FEL'LY, 77. [Sax. falge.] The exterior part or rim of a 
wheel, supported by the spokes. 

FE-LO DE SE, in Zaic, one who commits felony by suicide. 

FEL'ON, 77. [Fr./eZo77.] 1. In Zaic, a person who has com- 
mitted felony. 2. A whitlow; a painful swelling formed 
in the periosteum at the end of the finger. 

FEL'ON, a. 1. Malignant; fierce; malicious; proceeding 
from a depraved heart. 2. Traitorous ; disloyal. 

FE-Lo'NI-OUS, a. 1. Malignant; malicious; indicating or 
proceeding from a depraved heart or evil purpose ; vil- 
lainous ; traitorous ; perfidious. — 2. In law, proceeding 
from an evil heart or purpose ; done with the deliberate 
purpose to commit a crime. 

FE-Lo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. In a felonious manner; with the 
deliberate intention to commit a crime. 

t FEL'ON OUS, a. Wicked ; felonious. Spenser. 

FEL'ON-W6RT, n. A plant of the genus solanum. 

FEL'O-NY, 77. In common law, any crime which incurs the 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FaR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — | Obsolete. 


FEN 


335 FER 


forfeiture of lands or goods. All offenses punishable with 
death are felonies ; and so are some crimes not thus pun- 
ished, as suicide, homicide by chance-medley, or in self- 
defense, and petty larceny. 

FEL'SITE, n. A species of compact feldspar. 

FELT, pret. of feel. 

FELT, n. [Sax./e/t.] 1. A cloth or stuff made of wool, or 
wool and hair, fulled or v/rought into a compact substance 
by rolling and pressure with lees or size. 2. A hat made 
of wool. 3. Skin. 

FELT, V. t. To make cloth or stuff of wool by fulling. 

FEIjT'EU, V. t. To clot or meet together like felt. 

FELT'Ma-KER, n. One whose occupation is to make 
felt. 

FE-LUC^CA, n. [It. fclucn..] A boat or vessel, with oars 
and lateen sails, used in the Mediterranean. 

FEL'VVollT, 71. A plant, a species of gentian. 

Fk'MALE, n. [Fr. femelle.] 1. Among animals, one of 
that sex which conceives and brings forth young. — 2. 
Among plants, that which produces fruit ; that which 
bears the pistil, and receives the pollen of the male flow- 
ers. 

Fl'AIALE, a. 1. Noting the sex which produces young ; 
not male. 2. Pertaining to females. 3. Feminine ; soft ; 
delicate ; weak. — Female rhymes, double rhymes, so called 
from the French, in which language they end in e femi- 
nine. 

Fe'MALE-FLOW/ER, n. In botany, a flower which is 
furnished with the pistil. 

Fe'xMALE-PLANT, 71. A plant which produces female 
flowers. 

Fe'MALE-SGREW, n. A screw with grooves. 

FEME-GO-VERT, or FEMME-GO-VERT, (fam-koo-vare') 
n. [Fr.J A married woman, who is under covert of her 
baron or husband. 

FEME-SOLE, or FEMME-SOLE, (fiim-soleO n. An un- 
married woman. — Femme-sole merchant, a woman who 
uses a trade alone, or without her husband. 

FEM-I-NAL'I-TY, n. The female nature. Brown. 

* FEM'I-NATE, a. Feminine. Ford. 

FEM'I-NINE, a. [Fi-./eywhim.] 1. Pertaining to a woman, 
or to women, or to females. 2. Soft; tender; delicate. 
3. Effeminate ; destitute of manly qualities. — 4. In gram- 
mar, denoting the gender, or words which signify females, 
or the terminations of such words. 

f FEM'I-NINE, n. A female. Milton. 

f FE-MIN'I-TY, 71. The quality of the female sex. 

j FEM'I-NIZE, V. t. To make womanish. More. 

FEM'O-RAL, a. [~L. femoralis.'] Belonging to the thigh. 

FEN, 77. [Sax./677, or /e?i77.] Low land overflowed, or cov- 
ered wliolly or partially with water, but producing sedge, 
coarse grasses, or other aquatj^ plants ; boggy land ; a 
moor or marsh. 

FEN'-BER-PtY, ?i. A kind of blackberry. Skinner. 

FEN'-BORN, a. Born or produced in a fen. Milton. 

FEN'-GRESS, n. [Sax. fen-ccrse.] Gress growing in fens. 

FEN'-GRIGK-ET, n. [gryllotalpa.] An insect that digs 
for itself a little hole in the ground. 

FEN'-DUGK, 77. A species of wild duck. 

FEN -FOWL, 72. Any fowl that frequents fens. 

FEN'-LAND, n. Marshy land. 

FEN'-SUGKED, a. Sucked out of marshes. Shak. 

FENGE, (fens) n. 1. A wall, hedge, ditch, bank, or line 
of posts and rails, or of boards or pickets, intended to con- 
fine beasts from straying, and to guard a field from en- 
croachment. 2. A guard ; any thing to restrain entrance ; 
that wiiich defends from attack, approach or injury ; se- 
curity ; defense. 3. Fencing, or the art of fencing; de- 
fense. 4. Skill in fencing or defense. 

FENGE, (fens) v. t. 1. To inclose with a hedge, wall, or 
any thing that prevents the escape or entrance of cattle ; 
to secure by an inclosure. 2. To guard ; to fortify. 

FENCE, V. i. 1. To practice the art of fencing. 2. To 
fight and defend by giving and avoiding blows or thrusts. 
3. To raise a fence , to guard. 

FENCED, pp. Inclosed with a fence ; guarded ; fortified. 

FENCE'FUL, (fens'ful) a. Affording defense. 

FENCE'LESS, (fens les) a. 1. Without a fence; unin- 
closed; unguarded. 2. Open; not inclosed. Roice. 

FENCE'-MoNTH, n. The montli in whicli hunting in any 
forest is prohibited. Bullokar. 

FEN'CER, 77. One who fences ; one who teaches or practi- 
ces the art of fencing with sword or foil. 

FEx\'CI-BLE, a. 1. C\apable of defense. Addison. 2. n. A 
soldier for defense of the country. 

FEN'CING, ppr. Inclosing witli fence; guarding; fortify- 
ing. 

FEN'CING, 77. 1. The art of using skilfully a sword or foil 
in attack or defense. 2. The materials of fences for 
farms. JV*. England. 

FEN'CING-MXS'TER, n. One who teaches the art of at- 
tack and defense with sword or foil. 

FEX'CING-FGHOOL, n. A school in which the art of fen- 
cing is taught. 


FEND, V. t. To keep off ; to prevent from entering ; to 
ward off ; to shut out. 

FEND, V. i. To act in opposition ; to resist ; to parry ; to 
shift off. Locke. 

FEND'ED, pp. Kept off; vvarded off; shut out. 

FEND'ER, 77. 1. That which defends ; a utensil employed 
to hinder coals of fire from rolling forward to the floor. 

2. A piece of timber or other thing hung over the side of 
a vessel to keep off violence. 

FEND'ING, ppr. Keeping or warding off. 

I FEN'ER-ATE, v. i. [L./<B77ero.] To put to use ; to lend 
on interest. 

FEN-ER-a'TION, n. The act of lending on use; or the 
interest or gain of tJiat which is lent. 

FE-NES'TRAL, a. [L. fenestralis.] Pertaining to a win- 
dow. J^icholson. 

FEN'NEL, 77. [Sax. /erroZ.] A fragrant plant. 

FEN'NEL-FLOW'ER, 77. A plant of the genus nigella. 

FEN'NEL-Gl'ANT, n. A plant of the genus ferula. 

FEN'NY, a. 1. Boggy; marshy; moorish. 2. Growing in 
fens. 3. Inhabiting marshy ground. 

FEN'NY-STONES, 77. A plant. 

f FEN'oWED, a. Gorrupted ; decayed. 

FEN'U-GREEK, n. [L. fwnum grcecum.'\ A plant. 

FEOD, (fude) n. A feud. Fo written by Blackstone, and 
other autliors ; but more generally /ertt/, which see. 

FEO'DAL, (fu'dal) a. Feudal, which see. 

FEO-DAL'I-TY, (fu-daPe-ty) n. Feudal tenures ; the feu- 
dal system. 

FEO'DA-RY, (fu'da-ry) n. One who holds lands of a supe- 
rior, on condition of suit and service. See Feudatory. 

FEO'DA-TO-RY, (fu'da-to-ry) See Feudatory. 

* FEOFF, (feff) v. t. [Norm./e^/ e.] To invest with a fee 
or feud ; to give or grant to one any corporeal heredita- 
ment. The compound infeoff is more generally used. 

* FEOFF, 77. A fief. See Fief. 

* FEOF-FEE^, (fef-fee') n. A person who is infeoffed, that 
is, invested with a fee or corporeal hereditament. 

* FEOF'FOR, or * FEOF'FER, (feff'er) 77. One who in- 
feoffs or grants a fee. 

FEOFFfiVIENT, (feff'ment) n. [Law L. feoffamentum.} 
The gift or grant of a fee or corporeal hereditament. 

FE-Ra*CIOUS, a. [L. ferax.] Fruitful ; producing abun- 
dantly. Thomson. 

FE-RAC'I-TY, 77. [L. feracitas.'\ Fruitfulness. 

Fk'RAL, a. [L. feralis.'l Funereal ; mournfiil. 

t FERE, 77. [Sax. fera.] A fellow ; a mate ; a peer. 

FER'E-TO-R Y, n. [L. feretrum.'\ A place in a church for 
a bier. 

Fe'RI-AL, a. [L. ferialis.'\ Pertaining to holydays, or to 
common days. Gregory. 

FE-RI-A'TION, 77. [Li. feriatio.] The act of keeping holy- 
day ; cessation from work. 

t Fk'RIE, 77 . Any day of the week not kept holy. 

Fe'RINE, a. [L./e7*777775.] Wild; untamed; savage. 

Fe'RINE-NESS, or FE-RINE'NESS, n. Wildness ; sav- 
ageness. Hale. 

FER'I-TY, 77. [L./mta5.] Wildness ; savageness ; cruelty. 
Woodward. 

t FERiM, 77. A farm or rent ; a lodging-house. See Farm. 

FER'MEN']', 77. [L. fcrmentum.'] 1. A gentle boiling ; or 
the internal motion of the constituent parts of a fluid. 2. 
Intestine motion ; heat ; tumult ; agitation. 3. That 
which causes fermentation, as yeast, barm, or fermenting 
beer. 

FER-MENT^, v. t. ['L.fermento.'] To set in motion ; to ex- 
cite internal motion ; to heat ; to raise by intestine motion. 

FER-MENT', v. i. To work ; to effervesce ; to be in mo- 
tion, or to be excited into sensible internal motion. 

FER-MENT' A-BLE, a. Gapable of fermentation. 

FER-MENT'AL, a. Having the power to cause fermenta- 
tion. Brown. 

FER-MEN-Ta'TION, 77. [L. fermentatio.'] The sensible 
internal motion of the constituent particles of animal and 
vegetable substances, occasioned by a certain degree of 
heat and moisture, and accompanied by an extrication of 
gas and heat. 

FER-MENT'A-TiVE, a. 1. Gausing fermentation. 2. Gon- 
sisting in fermentation. 

FER-MENT'A-TIVE-NESS, n. The state of being fer- 
mentative. 

FER-MENT'ED, pp. Worked ; having undergone the pro- 
cess of fermentation. 

FER-MENT'ING, ppr. Working ; effervescing. 

FER'MIL-LET, n. [Old Yr. fermaillet.'\ A buckle or clasp. 

FERN, 77. [Sax. f earn.] A plant of several species. 

FERN-OWL, 77. The goatsucker. 

FERN'TI-GLES, n. pin. Freckles on the skin, resembling 
the seeds of the fern. Pronounced farnticles. Craven 
dialect. 

FERN'Y, a. Abounding or overgrown with fern. Barret. 

FE-Ro'GIOUS, a. [Ft.feroce; h.ferox.] 1. Fierce; sav- 
age; wild; indicating cruelty. 2. Ravenous; rapacious. 

3. Fierce ; barbarous ; cruel. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete. 


FER 


336 


FET 


FE-R6‘CrOUS-LY, adv. Fiercely ; with savage cruelty. 

FE-R6‘ClOLTS-NESS, ?t. Savage fierceness ^ cruelty; fe- 
rocity. 

FE-ROC'I-Ty, n. [L. ferocitas,'\ 1. Savage wildness or 
fierceness ; fury ; cruelty. 2. Fierceness indicating a 
savag heart. 

FERatE-OUS, a. [L./m*cM5.] Partaking of iron ; pertain- 
ing to iron ; like iron ; made of iron. Brown. 

FER'RET, 71. [D. vret j Fr.furet.] 1. An animal of the 
genus 7uuatelaj or weasel kind. 2. A kind of narrow 
woolen tajie.— Among glass-makers, the iron used to 
try the melted matter. 

FER^llET, V. t. To drive out of a lurking place. 

FER'RET-ED, pp. Driven from a lurking place. 

FER'RET-ER, n. One that hunts another in his private 
retreat. 

FER'RET-ING, ppr. Driving from a lurking place. 

FER'RI-AGE, n. The fare to be paid at a ferry. 

FER'RIO, a. Pertaining to or extracted from iron. Lavoi- 
sier. 

FER-RI-OAL'CITE, ?i. [L. fcrruin and caZz.] A species 
of cal carious earth. 

FER-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. /crinim and /ero.] Producing or 
yielding iron. Phillips. 

FER'Rl-LITE, n. [L. ferrum, and Gr. Xi0of.] Rowley 
ragg ; a variety of trap. 

FEK-RO-CY'A-NATE, n. A compound of the ferro-cyanic 
acid with a base. 

FER-RO-CY-AN'IG, a. [L. ferrum and cyanic.] The same 
as ferro-prussic. 

FER-RO-PRfJS'SIATE, n. A compound of the ferro-prus- 
sic acid with a base. 

FER-RO-PRIJS'SIC, a. [h, ferrum nnd prussic.] Designa- 
ting a peculiar acid. 

FER-RO-SlL'l-€ATE, n. A compound of ferro-silicic acid 
with a base. 

FER-RU-SI-EIC»T€, a. {L. ferrum and sil ex] Designating 
a compound of iron and silex. 

FER-RO'Gf-NA-TED, a. Having the color or properties of 
the rust of iron. 

FER-Ru'GI-NOtrS, a. [It.ferruoo.] 1. Partaking of iron ; 
containing particles of iron. 2. Of the color of the rust 
or oxyd of iron. — Ferrugineous is less used. 

FER'RULE, n. [?p. itreZa.] A ring of metal put round a 
cane or other thing to strengthen it. 

FERUtY, y. t. [^ax. feran,ferian.] To carry or transport 
over a river, strait or other water, in a boat. 

FER'RY, V. i. To pass over water in a boat. Milton. 

FER'RY, n. 1. A boat or small vessel in wJiich passengers 
and goods are conveyed over rivers or other narrow wa- 
ters ; sometimes called a wherry. 2. The place or pas- 
sage where boats pass over water to convey passengers. 
3. 3’he right of transporting passengers over a lake or 
stream. 

FERRfY-BoAT, n. A boat for conveying passengers over 
streams and other narrow waters. 

FER'RY-MAN, n. One who keeps a ferry, and transports 
passengers over a river. 

FERTH, or FORTH. Common terminations, the same as 
in Krtglish, an army ; coming from the Saxon word/y7’t/i. 

FER'TILE, a. [Fr. fertile.] 1. Fruitful; rich; producing 
fruit in abundance ; as, fei'tile land. 2. Rich ; liaving 
abundant resources ; prolific ; productive ; inventive ; 
able to produce abundantly ; as, a fertile genius. 

FEIPTILE-LY, ado. Fruitfullv ; abundantlv. 

FER'TILE-NESS. See Fertility. 

t FER-TIL'I-TATE, v. t. To fecundate ; to fertilize. 
Brown. 

FER-TIL'I-TY, n. [L. fertilitas.] 1. Fruitfulness ; the 
quality of producing fruit in abundance. 2. Richness; 
abundant resources ; fertile invention. 

FER'TIL-IZE, V. t. To enrich; to supply with the pabu- 
lum of plants ; to make fruitful or productive. 

FEIFTIL-TZED, pp. Enriclied ; rendered fruitful. 

FER'TIL-TZ-ING, ppr. J. Enriching; making fruitful or 
productive. 2. a. Enriching ; furnishing the nutriment 
of plants. 

FER-U-La'CEOUS, a. \L. ferula.] Pertaining to reeds or 
canes ; having a stalk like a reed. 

FEK'ULE, 71. [L. ferula.] 1. A little wooden pallet or 
slice, used to punish children in school, by striking them 
on the palm of the hand. [Ferular is not used.] 2. Under 
the Eastern empire, the ferula was the emperor’s scep- 
tre, 

FEIPULE, V. t. To punish with a ferule. 

FERV'EN-CY, 71. 1. Heat of mind ; ardor; eagerness. 2. 
Pious ardor ; animated zeal ; warmth of devotion. 

FERV'ENT, a. [L. fervens.] 1, Hot; boiling. 2. Hot in 
temper ; vehement. 3. Ardent ; very warm ; earnest ; 
excited ; animated ; glowing. 

FERV'EXT-LY, adv. 1. Earnestly; eagerly; vehemently; 
with great warmth. 2. VVitli pious ardor ; with earnest 
zeal ; aidently, 

FERV'ENT-NESS, ti. Ardor ; zeal. Bale. 


FERV'ID, a. [h. fervidus.] 1. Very hot; burning; boiling. 

2. Very warm in zeal ; vehement ; eager ; earnest. 
FERVRD-LY, adv. Very hotly ; with glowing warmth. 
FERV'ID-NESS, n. Glowing heat ; ardor of mind ; warm 
zeal. 

FERV^OR, 71. [Vi. fervor.] 1. Heat or Warmth. 2. Heat 
of mind ; ardor ; warm or animated zeal and earnestness. 
FES'CEN-NIXE, a. Pertaining to Fescennium, in Italy ; 
licentious. Kennet. 

FES'CEN-NINE) n. A nuptial song, or a licentious song. 
FES'CUE, 71. [Fr. fetu.] A small wire used to point out 
letters to children, when learning to read. 
FES'GUE-GRASS, n. The /estaco, a genus of grasses. 
Fii'SELS, 71. A kind of base grain. May. 

FESSE, (fes) n. [L. fascia.] In heraldry, a band or girdle, 
possessing the third part of the escutcheon; one of the 
nine honorable ordinaries. 

FESSE-POINT, 71. The exact centre of the escutcheon. 
FES'TAL, a. [L. festus.] Pertaining to a feast ; joyous ; 
gay ; mirthful. Chesterfield. 

FEfe'TER, z. 1 . [qu. 1 j. pestis, pus or pustula.] To rankle; 

to corrupt ; to grow virulent. 

FES'TER-ING, ppr. Rankling ; growing virulent, 
f FES^TI-NATE, a. [h. festinatus.] Hasty; hurried. 

I P'ES'TI-NATE-LY, adv. Hastily. Shak. 
t FES-TI-Na'TION, 71. Haste. 

FES'TI-VAL, a. [h. festivus.] Pertaining to a feast ; joy- 
ous ; mirthful. Atterhury. 

FES'TI-VAL, 71. The time of feasting ; an anniversary day 
of joy, civil or religious. 

FES'TIVE, a. [L. festivus.] Pertaining to or becoming a 
feast ; joyous ; gay ; mirthful. 

FES-TIV'l-TY, 71. [Ij. festivitas.] 1. PriinflT'tVy, the mirth 
of a feast ; hence, joyfulness ; gayety ; social joy or ex- 
hilaration of spirits at an entertainment. Taylor. 2. A 
festival ; [ 065 .] Brown. 

FES-TOON', 71. [Fr. /csfoTi..] Something in imitation of a 
garland or wreath. — In architecture and sculpture, an or- 
nament of carved work in the form of a wreath of flowers, 
fruits and leaves intermixed or twisted together. 
FES'TU-CINE, a. [L.festuca.] Being of a straw-color. 
FES'TU-COUS, a. Formed of straw. Brown. 
t FET, 71. [Fr. /ait.] Apiece, 
t FET, V. t. or i. To fetch ; to come to. Tusser. 

Fe'TAL, a. [from/ctw 5 .] Pertaining to a fetus. 

FETCH, 7>. t. [Sax. /eccttTi, or /cccea/t.] 1. To go and bring, 
or, simply, to bring. 2. To derive ; to draw, as from a 
source. 3. To strike at a distance ; [not used.] 4. To 
bring back ; to recall ; to bring to any state. 5. To bring 
or draw. 6. To make ; to perform. 7. To draw ; to 
heave. 8. To reach ; to attain or come to ; to arrive at. 
9. To bring ; to obtain as its price. — To fetch out, to bring 
or draw out ; to cause to appear. — To fetch to, to restore ; 
to revive, as from a swoon. — To fetch up, to bring up ; to 
cause to come up or forth. — To fetch a pump, to pour 
water into it to make it draw water. 

FETCH, V. i. To move or turn. Shak. 

FETCH, 71. A stratagem, by which a thing is indirectly 
brought to pass, or by which one thing seems intended 
and another is done ; a trick ; an artifice. 

FET CH'ER, 71. One that brings. 

FETCH'ING, ppr. Bringing ; going and bringing ; deriv- 
ing ; drawing ; reaching ; obtaining as price. 
FET'I-CHISM, j 71. The worship of idols among the ne- 
FET'I-CI$M, ) groes of Africa, among whom fetich is 
an idol. 

* FET'ID, a, [L. fatidus.] Having an offensive smell ; 

having a strong or rancid scent. 

FET'ID-NESS, n. The quality of smelling offensively ; a 
fetid quality. 

FE-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [h.fmtifer.] Producing young, as an- 
imals. 

FET'LOCK, 71. A tuft of hair growing behind the pastern 
joint of many horses. 

Fe'TOR,?!. [L.fcetor.] Any strong, offensive smell ; stench. 
Arbuthnot. 

FET'TER, 71. [Sax. /etor.] 1. A chain for the feet. 2. Any 
tiling that confines or restrains from motion. 

FET'TER, V. t. 1. To put on fetters ; to shackle or confine 
the feet with a chain. 2. To bind ; to enchain ; to con- 
fine ; to restrain motion ; to impose restraints on, 
FET'TERED, pp. Bound or confined by fetters. 
FET'TER-ING, ppr. Binding or fastening by the feet with 
a chain ; confining ; restraining motion. 

FET^TER-LESS, n. Free from fetters or restraint. 
FET'TLE, 71. Order ; good condition. Craven dialect. 
FET'TLE, V. t. 1. To repair ; to mend any thing which is 
broken or defective. Chesh. Gloss. 2.* To do trifling 
^ business. Bp. Hall. 

FETT'STETN, 71 . A mineral, called also elaoUte. 

Festus, 71 . ,• plu. Fetuses. [I<. fatus.] The young of vi- 
viparous animals in the wonib, and of oviparous animals 
in the egg, after it is perfectly formed ; before which time 
it is called embryo. 


-r kji/i 


FIC 


337 . FIE 


t FECt, n. [Sax./eoh.] A fee, or feudal tenure. 

FEU DE JOIE, (fii'de-zwa') fire of joy ^ a French phrase 
for a bonfire. 

FEuD, V. [Sax./<E^t^, or fagth.'] 1. a deadly 

quarrel. 2. A contention or quarrel ; particularly ^ an 
inveterate quarrel between families or parties in a state. 
FEOD, n. [Fewrf, and /«e, which is a contraction of it, is a 
word formed from the L. fides, It. fede, Bp./e, Norm./ei, 
faith, trust, with had^ state, or ead or odiij estate; and a 
feud is an estate in trust.] A fief ; a fee ; a right to lands 
or hereditaments held in trust, or on the terms of perform- 
ing certain conditions. 

FEu'DAL, fl. 1. Pertaining to feuds, fiefs or fees. 2. Con- 
sisting of feuds or fiefs ; embracing tenures by military 
services. 

fFEu'DAL, V. A dependance ; something held by tenure. 
FEU-DAUI-TY, n. The state or quality of being feudal ; 

feudal form or constitution. Burke. 

FEU'DAL-ISM, n. The feudal system ; the principles and 
constitution of feuds, or lands lield by military services. 
Whitaker. 

PEu'DA-RY, a. Holding land of a superior. 

FEu'D A-TA-RY, n. A feudatory, which see. 
FEu'DA-TO-RY, v. [Sp. /e«f£?atorio.] A tenant or vassal 
who holds his lands of a superior, on condition of military 
smvice ; the tenant of a feud or fief. Blackstone. 
FEu'DlST, n. A writer on feuds. Spelman. 

FEuIL'LACrE, (ful'laje) n. [Fr.] A bunch or row of 

V0S 

FEuTLLE-MORT, (fu'il-mort) n. [Fr.] The color of a faded 
leaf. 

t FEu TER, V. t. To make ready. Spenser. 
t FEu'TER-ER, n. A dog keeper. Massenger. 

FE'VER, n. \Yr. fievre.'l 1. A disease, characterized by an 
accelerated pulse, with increase of heat, impaired func- 
tions, diminished strength, and often with preternatural 
thirst. 2. Heat ; agitation ; excitement by any thing that 
strongly affects the passions. 

Fk'VER, V. t. To put in a feverl Dryden. 
Ff/VER-COOL-ING, a. Allaying febrile lieat. 
t Fe VER-ET, n. A slight fever. Ayliffe. 

Fe'VER-FE\V, 11 . \SdiX. feferfuge.'] A plant. 
Fe'VER-ISH, a. 1. Having a slight fever. 2. Diseased 
with fev'er or heat. 3. Uncertain ; inconstant ; fickle ; 
now hot, now cold. 4. Hot; sultry ; burning. 
Fe'VER-ISH-NESS, 11 . The state of being feverish ; a 
slight febrile affection. 

Fe'VER-OUS, a. 1. Affected with fever or ague. 2. Hav- 
ing the nature of fever. 3. Having a tendency to produce 
fever. 

Fe'VER-LY, fl. Like a fever. 

Fe'VEPi,-OUS-LY, adv. In a feverish manner. Donne. 
Fe'VER-ROOT, n. A plant of the genus triosteum. 
Fe'VER-SI€K, a. [Bax. fefer-seoc.] Diseased with fever. 
FE'VER-WeAK'ENED, a. Debilitated by fever. 
Fe'VER-WEED, n. A plant of the genus eryngium. 
Fe'VER-WoRT. See Fever-root. 

Fe'V£R-Y, a. Affected with fever. B. Jonson. 

FEW, a. [Sax./ea, or/crtzca.] Not many ; small in number. 
FEW'EL, n. Combustible matter. See Fuel. 

FEW'EL, V. t. To feed with fewel. Cowley. 

FEW'NESS, 71. 1. Smallness of number ; paucity. 2. Pau- 
city of words ; brevity ; [oJs.] Shak. 

FeY, V. t. [D. veghen.^ To cleanse a ditch of mud. Tusser. 
FlWNCE, V. t. To betroth. See Affiance. 

FLAT. [L. from fio ; let it be done.] A decree ; a command 
to do something. 

FIB, 71. A lie or falsehood. A word used among children. 
FIB, V. i. To lie ; to speak falsely. 

FIB'BER, 77. One who tells lies or fibs. 

FIB'BING, ppr. Telling fibs ; as a noun, the telling of fibs. 
FI'BRE, I 11 . [Fr. fibre.] 1. A thread ; a fine, slender body 
FPBER, ^ which constitutes a part of the frame of ani- 
mals. 2. A filament or slender thread in plants or min- 
erals ; the small, slender root of a plant. 3. Any fine, 
slender thread. 

FPBRIL, n. [Fr../7JWZZc.] A small fibre ; the branch of a 
fibre ; a very slender thread. Cheyne. 

FI-BRIL'LOUS, a. Relating to the fibres. Dr. Kinnicr. 
FFBRIN, 77. A peculiar organic compound substance found 
in animals and vegetables. 

FlB'RO-LlTE, 77. A mineral. 

FPBROUB, a. 1. Composed or consisting of fibres. 2. Con- 
taining fibres. 

FIB'U-LA, n. [L.] 1. The outer and lesser bone of the leg. 

Quincy. 2. A clasp or buckle. 

FIC'KLE, a. [Snx. ficol.] 1. Wavering; inconstant; un- 
stable ; of a changeable mind ; irresolute ; not firm in 
opinion or purpose; capricious. 2. Not fixed or firm; 
liable to change or vicissitude. 

FIC'KLE-NEBS, 77. 1. A wavering ; wavering disposition ; 
inconstancy ; instability ; unsteadiness in opinion or pur- 
pose. 2. Instability ; changeableness. 

FIC'KLY, afv. Without firmness or steadiness. 


FFCO, 77. [It.] An act of contempt done with the fingers, 
expressing a /or yo77. 

FIC'TiLE, a. [L./efiZis.] Molded into form by art ; manu- 
factured by the potter. 

FIC'TION, V. [L./ctio.] 1. The act of feigning, inventing 
or imagining. 2. That which is feigned, invented or 
imagined. 

f FIC'TIOUS, for fictitious. 

FlC-1 I^'TIOUB, a. [L. /ctttiws.] 1. Feigned; imaginary; 

not real. 2. Counierfeit ; false ; not genuine. 
FI€-TP'TIOUS-LY, ffcZy. By fiction ; falsely ; counterfeitly. 
FIC-Tl"TIOUS-NEBS, 77. Feigned representation. 
fFIC'TIVE, a. Feigned. 

FID, 77. 1. A square bar of wood or iron, with a shoulder 
at one end, used to support the top-mast. 2. A jnn of 
Iiard wood or iron, tapering to a point, used to open the 
strands of a rope in splicing. 

FID'DLE, 77 . [ti.fiedel.] A stringed instrument of music ; 
a violin. 

FIITDLE, v.i 1. To play on a fiddle or violin. 2. To 
trifle ; to shift the hands often and do notliing, like a fol- 
low that plays on a fiddle. 

FID^DLE, V. t. To play a tune on a fiddle. 
FID^DLE-FAD'DLE, n. A trifle. \_A loio cant word.X 
FID'DLE-FAD'DLE, a. Trifling; making a bustle about 
nothing. \_Vulgar.] 

FID'DLER, 77. One who plays on a fiddle or violin. 
FID'DLE-STICK, n. The bow and string with which a 
fiddler plays on a violin. 

FIDT)LE-STRING, 77. The string of a fiddle. 
FID'DLE-WOOD, n. A plant of the genus citharexylen. 
FID'DLING, ppr. Playing on a fiddle. 

FID'DLING, 77. The act of playing on a fiddle. 
FI'DE-JUS'SION, 77. [Li. fidejussio.] Suretiship ; the act of 
being bound for another. Farindun. 

FI'DE-JUS-SOR, 77. [L.] A surety ; one bound for another. 
Blackstone. 

FI-DELT-TY, n. [~L. fidelitas.] 1. Faithfulness; careful 
and exact observance of duty, or performance of obliga- 
tions. 2. Firm adherence to a person or party with 
which one is united, or to which one is bound ; loyalty. 
3. Observance of the marriage covenant. 4. Honesty ; 
veracity ; adherence to truth. 

FIDGE, J V. i. To move one way and the other ; to move 
FIDG'ET, I irregularly, or in fits and starts. [A low word.] 
FIDG'ET, 77. Irregular motion ; restlessness. [ Vulgar.] 
FIDG^ET-Y, c. Restless; uneasy. [Vulirar.] 

FI-DU'CIAL, a. {JL. fiducia.] 1. Confident ; undoubting ; 

firm. 2. Having the nature of a trust. 

FI-Du'CIAL-LY, adv. With confidence. 

FI-Du'CIA-RY, a. [L. fiduciarius.] 1. Confident; steady; 
undoubting; unwavering; firm. 2. Not to be doubted. 
3. Held in trust. 

FI-Du'CIA-RY, 77. 1. One who holds a thing in trust ; a 
trustee. 2. One who depends on faith for salvation, 
without works ; an antinomian. 

FIE, (fl) An exclamation denoting contempt or dislike. 
FIeF, (feef) n. [Fr. /e/.] A fee ; a feud ; an estate held of 

a superior on condition of military service. 
field, (feeld) 77. [Bax./eZcZ; G. field; D.veld.] 1. Apiece 
of land inclosed for tillage or pasture. 2. Ground not in- 
closed. 3. The ground where a battle is fought. 4. A 
battle ; action in the field. — 5. To keep the field, is to keep 
the campaign open ; to live in tents, or to be in a state of 
active operations. G. A wide expanse. 7. Open space 
for action or operation ; compass ; extent. 8. A piece or 
tract of land. 9. The ground or blank space on which 
figures are drawn. — 10. In heraldry, the whole surface of 
the shield, or the continent. — 11. In Scripture, Jield often 
signifies the open country, ground not inclosed. 12. A 
field ofiice, a large body of floating ice. 

FIeLD'ED, a. Being in the field of battle ; encamped. 
Shak. 

FIeLD'-BAB-IL, 77. A plant of several kinds. 
FIeLD'-BED, 77. A bed for the field. Shak. 

FIeLD^-BOOK, 77. A book used in surveying. 
FIeLD^-CoL-ORB, 77. pill. In war, small flags. 
FIeLD'-DUCK, 77. A species of bustard. 

FIeLD'FARE, 77. A bird, the thrush. 

FIeLD-MAR'SHAL, 77. The commander of an army ; a 
military officer of the highest rank in England. 
FIeLD'MOUBE, 77. A species of mouse that lives in the 
field, burrowing in banks, &c. Mortimer. 
FIeLD'-OF'FI-CER, 77. A military officer above the rank 
of captain, as a major or colonel. 

FIeLD'-PIeCE, 77. A small cannon which is carried along 
with armies, and used in the field of battle. 
FIeLD'-PReACH-ER, 77. One who preaches in the open 
air. Lavington. 

FIeLD'-PReACH-ING, 77. A preaching in the field or open 
air. Warburton. 

tFlELD'ROOM, 77 . Open space. Z>ra7/Z7777. 

FIeLD'-BPoRTS, 77. plu. Diversions of the field, as shoot- 
ing and hunting. Chesterfield. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; Gas J ; S as Z ; CH as BH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 

’ '22 


FIG 


338 


FIL 


FTSLD'-STAFF, n. A weapon carr'ed by gunners. 
FIeLD'-WoRKS, n. In the inilitar 'i art, works thrown up 
for defense. 

t FfKLD'Y, a. Open like a field. WicWiffe. 

* FIeXD, (feend) ?«. [Sax./eo/it?.] Aw enemy in the worst 
sense ; an implacable or malicious fee ; the devil j an in- 
fernal being. 

* FlKND'FyL, a. Full of evil or malign \nt practices. 
♦FIeXD/LIKE, a. Resembling a fiend 3 maliciously wick- 
ed ; diabolical. 

FIERCE, (ferSjor feers) a. [Fr. ^er.] 1. Vehement; vio- 
lent ; furious ; rushing ; impetuous. 2. Savage ; raven- 
ous ; easily enraged. 3. Vehement in rage ; eagei for 
mischief. 4. Violent ; outrageous ; not to be restrained. 
5. Passionate ; angry ; furious. 6. Wild ; staring ; fero- 
cious. 7. Very eager ; ardent ; vehement. 

♦FIERCE'LY, (fers'ly, f/r feers'ly) adc. 1. Violently; furi- 
ously ; with rage. 2. With a wild aspect. 
FIERCE'-MIXD-ED, a. Vehement; of a furious tem- 
per. 

* FfERCE'NESS, (fers'nes, or feers'nes) n. 1. Ferocity; 
savageness. 2. Eagerness for blood ; fury. 3. Quick- 
ness to attack ; keenness in anger and resentment. 4. 
Violence ; outrageous passion. 5. Vehemence ; fury ; 
impetuosity. 

FT E-RI Fa'CIA??, V. [L.] In a judicial writ that lies 
for him who has recovered in debt or damages. 
FI'ER-I-NESS, ??. 1. The quality of being fiery ; heat; ac- 
rimony. 2. Heat of temper ; irritability. 

FIER-Y, a. 1. Consisting of fire. 2. Hot like fire. 3. 
Vehement; ardent; very active ; impetuous. 4. Passion- 
ate ; easily provoked ; irritable. Unrestrained ; fierce. 
0. Heated by fire. 7. Like fire ; briglit ; glaring. 
FIFE,??.. [Fr. Jifre.] A small pipe, used as a wind instru- 
ment, chiefly irr martial music with drums. 

FIFE, V. i. To play on a fife. 

FTF'ER,' ??. One who plays on a fife. 

FIF-TEEN', a. [Sax. fiftyn.] Five and ten. 
FIF-TEENTIT, ?7. [.Sax. 1. The ordinal of fif- 

teen ; the fifth after the tenth. 2. Containing one part in 
fifteen. 

FTF-TEEXTH', n. A fifteenth part. 

FIFTH, a. [Sax. Jifta.] 1. The ordinal of five ; the next to 
the fourth. 2. Elliptic ally , a fifth part. 

FIFTH, 71. In music, an interval consisting of three tones 
and a semitone. 

FIFTH LY, adc. In the fifth place. 

FIF'TI-ETH, «. [Sax.fiftenaetha.] The ordinal of fifty. 
FIF TY, a. [Sax, fftiiT.] Five tens ; five times ten. 

FIGr, n. [1,., ficus; Sp. fgo.] 1. The fruit of the fig-tree. 
2. The fig-tree. 

FIG, v.t. ]. To insult with ficoes or contemptuous motions 
of the fingers ; [little used.] 2. To put something useless 
into one’s head ; [)wt used.] 

FIG, V. i. [Su. Goth. Jika.] To move suddenly or quickly. 
Svlvestcr. 

FTG'-AP-PLE, ?i. A species of apple. .Tohnson. 

FIG'-GX AT, 71. An insect of the fly kind. Johnsov. 
FIG'-Lk AF, V. The leaf of a fig-tree ; also, a thin covering. 
FIG-MART-GoLD, n. The mesemhryanthemum, a succulent 
plant, resembling houseleek. 

FTG'-PE€K-ER, ?i. [h.fcedula.] A bird. 

FIG'-TREE, 71. A tree of the genus 
FIG'-WoRT, 71. A plant of the genus scroplmlaria. 
FI-Ga'RY, 71. [a corruption of ya^a?*?/.] A frolic; a wild 
project. M, Oeddes. 

FIGHT, (fite) ?;.?. ; pret. and pp. fought, pronounced /awt. 
[Sax. feahtan, fsohtan.'\ 1. I’n strive or contend for victo- 
ry, in battle or in single combat ; to contend in arms. 

2. To contend ; to strive ; to struggle to resist or check. 

3. To act as a soldier. 

FIGHT, (fIte'' v.t. 1. To carry on contention ; to maintain 
a struggle for victory over enemies. 2. To contend with 
in battle ; to war against. 

FIGHT, ??. 1. A battle ; an engagement ; a contest in arms. 

2. Something to screen the combatants in ships. 
FIGHT'ER, n. One that fights ; a combatant ; a warrior. 
FIGHTTNG, ppr. 1. Contending in battle ; striving for vic- 
tory or conquest. 2. a. Qualified for war ; fit for battle. 

3. bccupied in war; being the scene of war. 
FTGHT'ING, ??. Contention ; strife ; quarrel. 

FIGCvIENT, 77. [1j. figmentmn.] An invention ; a fiction ; 

something feigned or imagined. 

FIG'U-L ATE, a. [Ij. f gulo.] Made of potter’s clay ; mold- 
ed ; shaped. [Little used.'] 

FIG-U-RA-BIL'I-TY, v. The quality of being capable of a 
certain fixed or stable form. 

FIG'(T-RA-BLE, a. Capable of being brought to a certain 
fixed form or shape. 

FIGRT-RAIi, a. Represented by figure or delineation. 
FIG'U-RATE, a, [1,. fi?uratus.] 1. Of a certain determin- 
ate form. 2. Resembling any thing of a determinate 
form ; as, f 'riirate stones, stones or fossils resembling 
shells. 3. Figurative ; [not Tised.] 


FIG'U-RA-TED, a Having a determinate form. 

FIG-U-Ra'TION, 77. 1. The act of giving figure or deter- 
minate form. 2. Determination to a certain form. Bacon. 
3. Mixture of concords and discords in music. 

FIG'U-RA-TIVE, G. [Fx. Jiguratif.] 1. Representing some- 
thing else ; representing by resemblance ; typical. 2. 
Representing by resemblance ; not literal or direct. 3. 
Abounding with figures of speech. 

FIG'U-RA-l IVE-LY, ado. By a figure ; in a manner to ex- 
hibit ideas by resemblance ; in a sense different from that 
which words originally imply. 

FIG'URE, (fig'ur) ??.. [Fx. figure; Ij.figura.] 1. The form 
of any thing as expressed by the outline or terminating 
extremities. 2. Shape ; form ; person. 3. Distinguisheu 
appearance ; eminence ; distinction ; remarkable charac- 
ter. 4. Appearance of any kind. 5. Magnificence ; splen- 
dor. G. A statue ; an image ; that which is formed in re- 
semblance of something else. 7. Representation in paint- 
ing ; the lines and colors which represent an animal, par- 
ticularly a person. — 8. In manufactures, a des,\gn or rep- 
resentation wrought on damask, velvet and other stuffs. 
— 9. In logic, the order or disposition of the middle term 
in a syllogism with the parts of the question. — 10. In 
arithmetic, a character denoting a number, as 2. 7. 9. — 11. 
In astrology, tlie horoscope ; the diagram of the aspects of 
the astrological houses. Shak. — 12. In theology, type ; rep- 
resentative. — 13. In rhetoric, a mode of speaking or writ- 
ing, in which words are deflected from their ordinary sig- 
nification. In strictness, the cliange of a word 's a trope, 
and any affection of a sentence a figure ; but these terms 
are often confounded. — 14. In grammar, any deviation 
from the rules of analogy or syntax. — 15. In dancing, the 
several steps which the dancer makes in order and ca- 
dence. 

FIG'URE, (fig'ur) v. t. 1. To form or mold into any deter- 
minate shape. 2. To show by a corporeal resemblance, 
as in picture or statuary. 3. To cover or adorn with 
figures or images ; to mark with figures ; to form figures 
in by art. 4. To diversify ; to variegate with adventitious 
forms of matter. 5. To represent by a typical or figura- 
tive resemblance. 6. To imagine ; to image in the mind. 
Temple. 7. To prefigure ; to foreshow. Shak. 8. To 
form figuratively ; to use in a sense not literal. 9. To 
note by characters. — 10. In music, to pass several notes 
for one ; to form runnings or variations. 

FIG'URE, V. i. To make a figure : to be distinguished. 

t FTG'URE-FLuJg?^^ I ^ Pretender to astrology. 

FIG'URE-STONE, ??. A name of the agalmatolite. 

FIG'URED, pp. 1. Represented by resemblance; adorned 
with figures ; formed into a determinate, figure. — 2. In 
music ^ free and florid. 

FIG'UR-ING, ppr. Forming into determinate shape ; repre- 
senting by types or resemblances. 

FI-La'CEOUS, a. [h.filum.] Composed or consisting of 
threads. Bacon. 

FIL'A-CER, 77. [IS oxm. filicer.] An officer in the English 
court of common pleas, so called from filing the writs on 
which he makes process. 

FIL'A-MEXT, 77. [Fr.] A thread ; a fibre. — In anatomy and 
natural history, a fine thread, of which flesh, nerves, skin, 
plants, roots, &c., are composed. 

FIL-A-MENT'OUS, a. Like a thread; consisting of fine 
filaments. 

FIL'AN-DERf?, 77. [Fx. filandres.] A disease in hawks. 

FIL'A-TO-RY, 77. [L.^Zu 777.] A machine which forms or 
spins threads. 

FIL'BERT, 77. The fruit of the corylus or hazel. 

FILCH, V. t. To steal something of little value ; to pilfer; 
to steal ; to pillage ; to take wrongfully. Dryden. 

FILCHED, 7)77. Stolen ; taken wrongfully from another ; 
pillaged ; pilfered. 

FILCH'ER, 77. A thief ; one guilty of petty theft. 

FILCH'IXG, ppr. Stealing ; taking from another wrongful- 
ly ; pilfering. 

FILCH'IXG-LY, adr. By pilfering ; in a thievish manner. 

FILE, 77. [Fx.file ; 'L.filum.] 1. A thread, string or line ; 
particularly, a line or wire on w'hich papers are strung. 

2. The whole number of papers strung on a line or wire. 

3. A bundle of papers tied togetlier, with the title of each 
indorsed. 4. A roll, list or catalogue. 5. A row of sol- 
diers ranged one behind another, from front to rear. 

FILE, V. t. 1. To string ; to fasten, as papers, on a line or 
w'ire for preservation. 2. To arrange or insert in a bun- 
dle, as papers, indorsing the title on each paper. 3. To 
present or exhibit officially, or for trial. 

FIIjE, V. i. To march in a file or line, as soldiers, not 
abreast, but one after another. 

FILE, 77,. [Sax.fcol.] An instrument used in smoothing and 
polishing metals. 

FILE, V. i. [Russ, opilevaiju.] 1. To rub and smooth with 
a file ; to polish. 2. To cut as with a file ; to w’ear off or 
aw'ay. 3. [from To foul or defile ; [ois.] 

FILE'-€UT-TER, 77. A maker of files. Moxon. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT; — PREY; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — | Obsolete, 


FIL 


339 


FILED, pp* Placed on a line or wire j placed in a bundle 
and indorsed ; smoothed with a file. 

FILE-LeAD'ER, 71. The soldier placed in the front of a 
file. 

FIL' E-MOT, 71. [Fr. feuille-viorte.] A yellowish-brown 
color ; the color of a faded leaf. Swift. 

FTL'ER, 71. One who uses a file. 

FIL'IAL, (fil yal) a. [Fr. ./i/iViL] 1. Pertaining to a son or 
daughter ; becoming a child in relation to his parents. 2 . 
Bearing the relation of a son. 

FIL-I-A'TiON, n. [Fr.] 1. The relation of a son or child 

to a father ; correlative io paternity. 2. Adoption. 

FIL'I-FORM, a. [L. jilum.'] Having the form of a thread or 
filament. 


FILH-GRANE, or FIL'I-GREE, n. \1j. filum and granum.'] 
A kind of enrichment on gold and silver, wrought deli- 
cately in the manner of little threads or grains, or of both 
intermixed. 

FIL'I-GRANED, ) ^ ^ .7 

FIL'I-GREED \ Ornamented with filigrane. Taller. 

FIL'ING, ppr. Placing on a string or wire, or in a bundle of 
papers ; presenting for trial 3 marching in a file 3 smooth- 
ing with a file. 

FIL'INGS, 7?. plu. Fragments or particles rubbed off by 
the act of filing. 

FILL, V. t. [SdiX. fyllan., gefillan.'] 1. To put or pour in, 
till the thing will hold no more. 2 To store 3 to supply 
with abundance. 3. To cause to abound 3 to make uni- 
versally prevalent. 4. To satisfy 3 to content. 5. To 
glut 3 to surfeit. 6 . To make plump. 7. To press and 
dilate on all sides or to the extremities. 8 . To supply 
with liquor ; to pour into. 9. To supply with an incum- 
bent. 10. To hold 3 to possess and perform the duties of 3 
to officiate in, as an incumbent. — 11. In seamanship, to 
brace the sails so that the wind will bear upon them and 
dilate them. 

To Jill out, to extend or enlarge to the desired limit. — To fill 
up. 1. To make full. 2. To occupy 3 to fill. 3. To fill 3 
to occupy the whole extent. 4. To engage or employ. 
5. To complete. 6 . To accomplish. 

FILL, V. i. 1. To fill a cup or glass for drinking ; to give to 
drink. 2. To grow or become full. 3. To glut 3 to sati- 
ate. — To fill up, to grow or become full. 

FILL, 71. Fullness 3 as much as supplies want. 

FIL'LA-GREE. See Filigrane. 

FILLED, pp. Made full 3 supplied with abundance. 

FILL'ER, 7 t. 1. One who fills 5 one whose employment is 
to fill vessels. 2. That which fills any space. 3. One 
that supplies abundantly. 

FIL'LET, 71. [Fr. 1. A little band to tie about the 

hair of the head. 2. The fleshy part of the thigh. 3. 
Meat rolled together and tied round. — 4. In architecture, 
a little square member or ornament used in divers places. 
— 5. In heraldry, a kind of orle or bordure, containing 
only the third or fourth part of the breadth of the common 
bordure. — 6 . Among painters and gilders, ?i\\tt\e rule or 
reglet of leaf-gold. — 7. In the manege, the loins of a horse. 

FIL'LET, V. t. 1. To bind with a fillet or little band. 2. To 
adorn with an astragal. 

FIL'LI-BEG, 71. [G?ie\. filleadh-h eg. ~\ A little plaid 5 a dress 
reaching only to the knees, vvorn in the highlands of 
Scotland. 

FILL'ING, ppr. Making full 3 supplying abundantly 3 grow- 
ing full. 

FILL'ING, n. 1. A making full 3 supply. 2. The woof in 


weaving. 

FIL'LTP, V. t. To strike with the nail of the finger, forced 
with some violence. 

FIL'LIP, 71 . A jerk of the finger forced suddenly from the 
thumb. 

FIL'LY, 71. [W. filawg.] 1. A female or mare colt 3 a 
young mare. 2. A young horse 3 [not used.] 3. A wan- 
ton girl. 

FILM, n. [Sax.^in.] A thin skin 3 a pellicle, as on the 
eye. 

FILM, V. t. To cover with a thin skin or pellicle. 

FILM'Y, a. Composed of thin membranes or pellicles. 

FIL'TER, 71 . [Fr. filtre.] A strainer 5 a piece of woolen 
cloth, paper or other substance, through which liquors are 
passed for defecation. 

FIL'TER, V. t. To purify or defecate liquor, by passing it 
through a filter, or a porous substance. 

FIL'TER, V. i. To percolate 3 to pass through a filter. 


FIL'TER. See Philter. 

FIL'TERED, pp. Strained 5 defecated by a filter. 

FIL'TER-ING, ppr. Straining 3 defecating. 

FILTH, 71. [Sax. fylth.] 1. Dirt 3 any foul matter 3 any 
thing that soils or defiles 3 waste matter 3 nastiness. 2 . 
Corruption ; pollution 3 any thing that sullies or defiles 
the moral character. 

FILTH'T-LY, adv. In a filthy manner 3 foully ; grossly. 

FILTH'I-NESS, n. 1. The state of being filthy. 2. Foul- 
ness 3 dirtiness 3 filth 3 nastiness. 3. Corruption 3 pollu- 
tion 3 defilement by sin 3 impurity. 


FIN 

a. L Dirty 3 foul 3 unclean 5 nasty. 2. Pollut 
ed 3 defiled by sinful practices 3 morally impure. 3. Ob- 
tained by base and dishonest means. 

FIL'TRATE, v. t. [Sp. To filter 3 to defecate, as 

liquor, by straining or percolation. 

FIL-TRa'TION, n. The act or process of filtering. 

FIM'BLE-HEMP, n. [fonale-hemp.] Light, summer hemp, 
that bears no seed. Mortimer. 

FIM'BRI-ATE, a. [^. fimWia.] In botany, fringed 3 having 
the edge surrounded by hairs or bristles. 

FIM'BRI-ATE, v. t. To hem 3 to fringe. Fuller. 

FIM'BRI-A-TED, a. In heraldry, ornamented, as an ordi- 
nary, with a narrow border of another tincture. 

FIN, 77. [Sax.^/Z/m.] The fin of a fish consists of a mem- 
brane supported by rays, or little bony or cartilaginous os- 
sicles. 

FIN, V. t. To carve or cut up a chub. 

FiN'A-BLE, a. 1. That admits a fine. 2. Subject to a fine 
or penalty. 

FI'NAL,a. [Fr., Sp.^^TiaZ; 1j. finalis.] 1. Pertaining to the 
end or conclusion 3 last 3 ultimate. 2. Conclusive 3 deci- 
sive 3 ultimate 3 as, a final judgment. 3. Respecting the 
end or object to be gained 3 respecting the purpose or ulti- 
mate end in view, as a final cause. 

FI'NAL-LY, ado. 1. At the end or conclusion 3 ultimately 3 
lastly. 2. Completely 3 beyond recovery. 

FI-NANCE', (fi-nans') n. [Fr.j Revenue 3 income of a king 
or state. 

FI-NAN'CES, n. plu. Revenue 5 funds in the public treas- 
ury, or accruing to it 3 public resources of money. 2. The 
income or resources of individuals. 

FI-NAN'CIAL, a. Pertaining to public revenue. 

FI-NAN'CIAL-LY, ado. In relation to finances. 

FIN-AN-CIeR', (fin-an-seer') n. 1. An oflicer who receives 
and manages tlie public revenues 3 a treasurer. 2 . One 
who is skilled in the principles or system of public rev- 
enue. 3. One who is intrusted with the collection and 
management of the revenues of a corporation. 4. One- 
skilled in banking operations. 

Ft'NA-RY, n. In iron works, the second forge at the iron 
mill. See Finery. 

FINCH, 77 . [Sax. fine; G.fink.] A bird. 

FIND, V. t. pret. and found. [Sax. jindan G.finden.] 
1. To discover by the eye 3 to gain first sight or knowledge 
of something lost 5 to recover. 2. To meet 3 to discover 
something not before seen or known. 3. To obtain by 
seeking. 4. To meet with. 5. To discover or know by 
experience. C. To reach 3 to attain to 3 to arrive at. 7. 
To discover by study, experiment or trial. 8 . To gain ; 
to have. 9. To perceive 3 to observe 3 to learn. 10. To 
catch 3 to detect. 11. To meet. 12. .To have 5 to expe- 
rience 3 to enjoy. 13. To select 3 to choose 3 to designate. 
14. To discover and declare the truth of disputed facts 3 to 
come to a conclusion, and decide between parties, as a 
jury. 15. To determine and declare by verdict. 16. To 
establish or pronounce charges alledged to be true. 17. 
To supply 3 to furnish. 18. To discover or gain knowl- 
edge of, by touching or by sounding. 

To find one’s self, to be 3 to fare in regard to ease or pain, 
health or sickness. — To find in, to supply 3 to furnish 3 to 
provide. — To find out. 1. To invent 3 to discover some- 
thing before unknown. 2. To unriddle 3 to solve. 3. To 
discover 3 to obtain knowledge of what is hidden. 4. To 
understand 3 to comprehend. 5. To detect : to discover; 
to bring to light. — To find fault with, to blame 3 to cen- 
sure. 

FiND'ER, n. One who meets or falls on any thing ; one 
who discovers by searching, or by accident. 

FIND'FAULT, n. Acensurer 3 a caviler. Shak. 

FTND-FAULT'ING, a. Apt to censure 3 captious. 

FTND'ING, ppr. Discovering. 

FTND'ING, 77. 1. Discovery 3 the act of discovering. — 2. In 
laiD, the return of a jury to a bill 3 a verdict. 

t FIN'DY, a. [Sax. findig.] Full 3 heavy 3 or firm, solid, 
substantial. 

FINE, a. [Fr. .;? 77 .] 1. Small 3 thin ; slender 3 minute ; of 

very small diameter. 2. Subtil 3 thin 3 tenuous. 3. Thin ; 
keen 3 smoothly sharp. 4. Made of fine threads ; not 
coarse. 5. Clear ; pure 3 free from feculence or foreign 
matter. 6 . Refined. 7. Nice 3 delicate 3 perceiving or 
discerning minute beauties or deformities. 8 . Subtil ; 
artl^ul 3 dextrous. 9. Subtil 3 sly ; fraudulent. 10. Ele- 
gant 3 beautiful in thought. II. Very handsome 3 beauti- 
ful with dignity. 12. Accomplished ; elegant in manners. 
13. Accomplished in learning 3 excellent. 14. Excellent ; 
superior 5 brilliant or acute. 15. Amiable 3 noble 3 ingen- 
uous 3 excellent. 16. Showy 3 splendid 3 elegant. 17. Iron- 
ieal.lv, worthy of contemptuous notice 3 eminent for bad 
qualities. — Fine arts, or polite arts, are the arts which de- 
pend chiefly on the labors of the mind or imagination, and 
whose object is pleasure, as poetry, music, painting and 
sculpture. 

FINE, n. 1. In a feudal sense, a final agreement between 
persons concerning lands or rents. 2. A sum of money 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 3— BULL, UNITE.— € as K 3 0 as J; S as Z 3 CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


FIN 


340 


FIR 


paid to the lord by his tenant, for permission to alienate 
or transfer his lands to another. 3. A sura of money paid 
by way of penalty for an offense ; a mulct ; a pecuni- 
ary punishment. — In fine. [Fr. enfin ; L. in and finis.] 
In the end or conclusion 5 to conclude j to sum up 
all. 

FINE, V. t. 1 . To clarify ; to refine ; to purify ; to defecate ; 
to free from feculence or foreign matter. 2. To purify, as 
a metal. 3. To make less coarse j [oZ> 5 .] 4. To decorate j 
to adorn ; [ubs.] Shale. 

FINE, V. t. 1. To impose on one a pecuniary penalty ; to 
set a' fine on by judgment of a court j to punish by fine. 

2. V. i. To pay a fine 5 [oZ»s.] 

FINE'DRAW, V. t. To sew up a rent with so much nicety 
that it is not perceived. 

FiNE'DRAW-ER, n. One who finedraws. 

FiNE'DRAW-ING, n. Rentering ; a dextrous or nice sew- 
ing up the rents of cloths or stuffs. 

FINE'FIN-GERED, a. Nice in workmanship. 

FINE'SPO-KEN, a. Using fine phrases. 

FiNE'SPUN, a. Drawn to a fine thread ; minute ; subtle. 

FLVE'STILL, v. t. To distill spirit from molasses, treacle 
or some preparation of saccharine matter. 

FINE'STILL-ER, n. One who distills spirit from treacle or 
molasses. Encyc. 

FLVE'STILL-ING, n. The operation of distilling spirit from 
molasses or treacle. 

FINED, pp. 1. Refined ; purified j defecated. 2. Subjected 
to a pecuniary penalty. 

t FINE^LESS, a. Endless ; boundless. Shak. 

FINE'LY,adu. 1. In minute parts. 2. To a thin or sharp edge. 

3. Gayly 5 handsomely; beautifully; with elegance and 
taste. 4. With elegance or beauty. 5. With advantage ; 
very favorably. 6. Nicely ; delicately. 7. Purely ; com- 
pletely. — 8 . By way of irony, wretchedly ; in a manner 
deserving of contemptuoiis notice. 

FINE'NESS, n. [Fr. ^ 7 iesse.] 1. Consisting of fine threads. 

2. Smallness ; minuteness, as of sand or particles. 3. Clear- 
ness ; purity ; freedom from foreign matter. 4. Niceness ; 
delicacy. 5. Keenness ; sharpness ; thinness. 6. Ele- 
gance ; beauty. 7. Capacity for delicate or, refined con- 
ceptions. 8. Show ; splendor ; gayety of appearance ; el- 
egance. 9. Clearness. 10. Subtil ty ; artfulness ; ingenu- 
ity. 11. Smoothness. 

FIN'ER, n. ]. One who refines or purifies. 2. a. Compara- 
tive of fine. 

FiN'ER-Y, w. 1. Show; splendor; gayety of colors or ap- 
pearance. 2. Showy articles of dress ; gay clothes, jew- 
els, trinkets, &c. — 3. In iron-works, the second forge at 
the iron-mills. Sec Finary. 

Fl-NESS', } n. [Fr. finesse.] Artifice ; stratagem ; subtil- 

FI-NESSE', \ ty of contrivance to gain a point. 

FI-NESS', V. i. To use artifice or stratagem. 

FI-NESS^ING, ppr. Practicing artifice to accomplish a pur- 
pose. 

FIN'-FISH, n. A species of slender whale. 

FIN'FOOT-ED, a. Having palmated feet, or feet with toes 
connected by a membrane. 

FIN'GER, (fing'ger) n. [Sax. finger.] 1. One of the ex- 
treme parts of the hand, a small member shooting to a 
point. 2. A certain measure. 3. The hand. — 4. In mu- 
sic, ability ; skill in playing on a keyed instrument. 

FIN'GER, V. t. 1. To handle with the fingers ; to touch 
lightly ; to toy. 2. To touch or take thievishly ; to pilfer. 

3. To touch an instrument of music ; to play on an instru- 
ment. 4. To perform work with the fingers ; to execute 
delicate work. 5. To handle without violence. 

FIN'GER, i. To dispose the fingers aptly in playing on 
an instrument. 

FIN'GER-BoARD, n. The board at the neck of a violin, 
guitar or the like, where the fingers act on the strings. 

FIN'GERED, pp. 1. Played on ; handled ; touched. 2. a. 
Having fingers. — In botany, digitate ; having leaflets like 
fingers. 

FIN'GER-FERN, n. A plant, aspleniiim. .Johnson. 

FIN'GER-ING, jipr. Handling; touching lightly. 

FIN'GER-ING, n. 1. The act of touching lightly or han- 
dling. 2. The manner of touching an instrument of mu- 
sic. 3. Delicate wrark made with the fingers. 

FIN'GER-SHELL, n. A marine shell resembling a finger. 

f’IN'GER-STONE, n. A fossil resembling an arrow. 

FIN'GLE-FAN'GLE, n. A trifle. [ Vulgar.] 

FIN'GRI-GO, n. A plant, of the gemis pis oina. 

FINT-GAL, a. 1. Nice; spruce; foppish; pretending to 
superfluous elegance. 2. Affectedly nice or showy. 

FIN'[-€AL-LY, adv. With great nicety or spruceness ; fop- 
pishly. 

FIN'I-€AL-NESS, n. Extreme nicety in dress or manners ; 
foppishness. Warburton. 

FIN'ING, ppr. 1. Clarifying; refining; purifying; defecat- 
ing. 2. [See Fine, the noun.] Imposing a fine. 

FIN'ING-POT, 7 ?. A vessel in which metals are refined. 

FI'NTS, n. [L.J An end ; conclusion. 

FIN'ISII, 7 ). t. [Arm.finigza; Fr. finir.] 1. To arrive at 


the end of, in performance ; to complete. 2. To make 
perfect. 3. To bring to an end; to end ; to put an end 
to. 4. To perfect; to accomplish ; to polish to the degree 
of excellence intended. 

FINISHED, pp. 1. Completed ; ended ; done ; perfected. 
2. a. Complete ; perfect ; polished to the highest degree 
of excellence. 

FIN'ISH-ER, 71. 1. One who finishes ; one who complete- 
ly performs. 2. One who puts an end to. 3. One who 
completes or perfects. 

FIN'ISH-ING, ppr. Completing; perfecting; bringing to an 
end. 

FIN'ISH-ING, or FIN'ISH, n. Completion ; completeness ; 
perfection; last polish. fVarburton. 

Fi'NITE, a. [Ij. finitus.] Having a limit ; limited; bound- 
ed j opposed to infinite. 

Fi'NiTE-LY, adv. Within limits ; to a certain degree only. 
Stillingfieet. 

FI'NiTE-NESS, n. Limitation ; confinement within cer- 
tain boundaries. 

t FIN'I-TUDE, 77. Limitation. Cheyne. 

FIN'KLE, 77 . [Teut. fenckle.] Fennel. Craven dialect. 

FIN'LESS, a. Destitute of fins. Shak. 

FIN'LlKE, a. Resembling a fin. Dryden. 

FINN, 77 . A native of Finland, in Europe. 

FINNED, a. Having broad edges on either side. 

FIN'NI-KIN, 77. A sort of pigeon. 

FIN'NYj a. Furnished witli fins ; as, finny fish. 

FIN'-ToED, a. Palmiped ; palmated ; having toes connect- 
ed by a membrane. 

FI-No'CHI-0, 77 . [It. ^77occ^70.] A variety of fennel. 

FIN'SCALE, 77 . A river fish, called the rudd. 

t FIP'PLE, 77 . [L. fibula.] A stopper. Bacon. 

FiR, 77 . [W. pyr.] The name of several species of the ge- 
nus pinus. 

FiR'- TREE. See Fir. 

FIRE, 77. [Sax./7/r.] 1. Heat and light emanating visibly, 

perceptibly and simultaneously from any body ; caloric. 
— In the popular acceptation of the tcord, fire is the effect 
of combustion. 2. The burning of fuel on a hearth, or in 
any other place. 3. The burning of a house or town; a 
conflagration. 4. Light ; lustre ; splendor. 5. Torture 
by burning. 6. The instrument of punishment ; or the 
punishment of the impenitent in another state. 7. That 
which inflames or irritates the passions. 8. Ardor of tem- 
per ; violence of passion. 9. Liveliness of imagination ; 
vigor of fancy ; intellectual activity ; animation ; force of 
sentiment or expression. 10. The passion of love ; ar- 
dent affection. 11. Ardor; heat; love. 12. Combus- 
tion ; tumult ; rage ; contention. 13. Trouble ; afflic- 
tion. — To set on fire, to kindle ; to inflame ; to excite vio- 
lent action. — St. Anthony '*s fire, u disease marked by an 
eruption on the skin, nr a diffused inflammation, with fe- 
ver ; the erysipelas. — JVild fire, an artificial or factitious 
fire, which burns even under water. It is called, also, 
Greek fire. 

FIRE, V. t. 1. To set on fire ; to kindle. 2. To inflame ; 
to irritate the passions. 3. To animate ; to give life or 
spirit. 4. To drive by fire ; 77sed.] 5. To cause to 

explode ; to discharge. 6. To cauterize. 

FIRE, V. i. 1. To take fire ; to be kindled. 2. To be irri- 
tated or inflamed with passion. 3. To discharge artillery 
or firearms. 

FiRE'ARMS, 77 . plu. Arms or weapons which expel their 
charge by tlie combustion of powder. 

FiRE'-AR-RoW, 77. A small iron dart, furnished with a 
match impregnated with powder and sulphur. 

FIRE'BALL, n. 1. A grenade ; a ball filled with powder 
or other combustibles. 2. A meteor which passes rapidly 
through the air and displodes. 

FIRE'BARE, n. In old writers, a beacon. Cyc. 

FiRE'BAR-REL, n. A hollow cylinder used in fireships, to 
jionvey the fire to the shrouds. 

FiRE'BAV-IN, 77. A bundle of brush-wood, used in fire- 
ships. 

FiRE'BLAST, n. A disease in hops. 

FiRE'BOTE, 77. An allowance of fuel, to which a tenant is 
entitled. England. 

FIRE'BRAND, n. 1. A piece of wood kindled or on fire. 
2. An incendiary ; one who inflames factions, or causes 
contention and mischief. 

FiRE'BRICK, 77 . A brick that will sustain intense heat 
without fusion. 

FTRE'BRUSH, n. A brush used to sweep the hearth. 

FiRE'BUCK-ET, n. A bucket to convey water to engines 
for extinguishing fire. 

FiRE'CLaY, 77. A kind of clay that will sustain intense 
heat, used in making firebricks. 

FiRE'COCK, 77 . A cock or spout to let out water for extin- 
guishing fire. 

FiRE'-C6M'PA-NY, n. A company of men for managing 
an engine to extinguish fires. 

FIRE'CROSS, 77 . Something used in Scotland as a signal to 
take arms. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete 


FIR 341 FIS 


FIRED, pp. Set on fire; inflamed; kindled; animated; 
irritated. 

FTRE'DAMP. See Damp. 

FIRE'DRAKE, n. 1. A fiery serpent. 2. An ignis fat- 
iius. 

FIRE'-EN-6INE, n. An engine for tlirowing water to ex- 
tinguish fire and save buildings. 

FIRE'-E-S€APE, n. A machine for escaping from win- 
dows, when houses are on fire. 

FiRE'FLAIR, n. A species of ray-fish or raja. 

FiRE'FLY, n. A species of fly wliich has on its belly a spot 
which shines ; and another species which emits light 
from under its wings, as it flies. 

FiRE'HOOK, n. A large hook for pulling down buildings 
in conflagrations. 

FiRE'LOGK, 71. A musket, or other gun, with a lock. 

FIRE'MAN, 71. 1. A man whose business is to extinguish 
fires. 2. A man of violent passions ; \iiot used.'] 

FIRE'MAS-TER, n. An officer of artillery who superintends 
the composition of fireworks. 

FIRE'NEW, a. Fresh from the forge ; bright. 

FIRE'-OF-FiCE, n. An office for making insurance against 
fire. 

FlRE^-OR-DE-AL. See Ordeal. 

FIRE PAN, 77. A pan for holding or conveying fire. 

FIREPLACE, 71. The part of a chimney appropriated to 
the fire ; a hearth. 

FIRE'PLUG, 77. A plug for drawing water from a pipe to 
extinguish fire. 

FIRE'POT, 77. A small earthen pot filled with combusti- 
bles, used in military operations. 

FiR'ER, 71 . One who sets fire to any thing ; an incendi- 
ary. 

FiRE'SHIP, 77 . A vessel filled with combustibles, and fur- 
nished with grappling irons. 

FlRE'SHoV-EL, n. A shovel or instrument for taking up 
or removing coals of fire. 

FTRE'SIDE, 77. A place near the fire or hearth ; home ; do- 
mestic life or retirement. 

FlRE'STIOK, 77. A lighted stick or brand. Dighj. 

FIRE'STONE, 77 . 1. A fossil, the pyrites. See Pyrites. 2. 
A kind of freestone which bears a high degree of heat. 

FIRE' WARD, ) 77 . An officer who has authority to di- 

FIRE'WARD-EN, ^ rect others in the extinguishing of 
fires. 

FIRE'WOOD, 77. Wood for fuel. 

FIRE'WORK, 77 . Usually in the plural, fireioorks. Prepa- 
rations of gun-powder, sulphur and other inflammable 
materials, used for making explosions in the air, on occa- 
sions of public rejoicing ; pyrotechnical exhibitions. 

FIRE'W6RK-ER, n. An officer of artillery subordinate to 
the firemaster. 

FIR'ING, 7 ?pr. Setting fire to ; kindling ; animating ; excit- 
ing ; inflaming ; discharging firearms. 

FTR'ING, 77 . 1. The act of discharging firearms. 2. Fuel ; 
firewood or coal. Mortimer. 

FIRTNG-T-RON, n. An instrument used in farriery to dis- 
cuss swellings and knots. Encyc. 

t FiRK, V. t. To beat ; to whip ; to chastise. Hudibras. 

FiRK, 77 . A stroke ; written also/erfc ,• bat rarely used. 

FiR'KIN, 77 . A measure of capacity, being the fourth part 
of a barrel. 

FiR'LOT, 77. A dry measure used in Scotland. 

FIRM, a. [L. jirmus ; YY.ferme.] 1. Closely compressed ; 
compact ; hard ; solid. 2. Fixed ; steady ; constant ; 
stable ; unshaken ; not easily moved. 3. Solid ; not giv- 
ing way. 

FIRM, 77 . A partnership or house ; or the name or title un- 
der which a company transact business. 

FIRM, V. t. [L. Jirmo.] To fix; to settle ; to confirm ; to 
establish. Dryden. 

FiRM'A-MENT, n. [L. firmamentum.] The region of the 
air ; the sky or heavens. — In Scripture, the word denotes 
an expanse, a wide extent. 

FIR-MA-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to the firmament ; ce- 
lestial; being of the upper regions. 

FtR'MAN, 77. An Asiatic word, denoting a passport, per- 
mit, license, or grant of privileges. 

Firmed, pp. Established ; confirmed. 

FiRMTXG, ppr. Settling ; making firm and stable. 

t FiRMT-TUDE, 77. Strength; solidity. Bp. Hall. 

fFiRM'I-TV', 77. Strength; firmness. 

FiRM'LESS, a. Detached from substance. 

FiRM'LY, adv. 1. Solidly ; compactly ; closely. 2. Stead- 
ily ; with constancy or fixedness ; immovably ; stead- 
fasti v 

FiRM'NESS, 77 . 1. Closeness or denseness of texture or 

structure; compactness; hardness; solidity. 2. Stabili- 
ty ; strength. 3. Steadfastness ; constancy ; fixedness. 4. 
Certainty ; soundness. 

FIRST, a. [Sax. ^rsi, ox fyrst.] 1. Advanced before or fur- 
ther than any other in progression ; foremost in place. 
2. Preceding all others in the order of time. 3. Preced- 
ing all others in numbers or a progressive series ; the or- 


dinal of one. 4. Preceding all others in rank, dignity or 
excellence. 

FiRS r, ot/t). 1. Before any thing else in the order of time. 
2. Before all others in place or progression. 3. Before any 
t.iing else in order of proceeding or consideration. 4. Be- 
fore all othei's in rank. — At first, at the first, at the begin- 
ning or origin. — First or last, at one time or another ; at 
the beginning or end. 

FiRST-BE-GOT', ) a. First produced ; the eldest of 

FiRST-BE-GOT'TEN, \ children. Milton! 

FiRST'-BORN, a. 1. First brought forth; first in the order 
of nativity ; eldest. 2. Most excellent ; most distinguish- 
ed or exalted. 

FiRST'-BORN, 77. The eldest child ; the fii-st in the order 
of birth. 

FiRST-CRE-a'TED, a. Created before any other. 

FiRST'-FRuIT, ) 77. 1. The fruit or produce first matured 

FiRST'-FRuITS, ) and collected in any season. 2. The 
first profits of any thing. 3. The first or earliest effect of 
any thing, in a good or bad sense. 

FiRST'LING, a. First produced. 

FiRST'LING, 77. 1. Tlie first produce or offspring ; applied 
to beasts. 2. The thing first thought or done ; [not used.] 

FIRST'LY, adv. Improperly used instead of first. 

FiRST'-RATE, a. 1. Of the highest excellence ; preemi- 
nent. 2. Being of tlie largest size. 

FISC, 77. [L. fiscus Fr. j^sc.] The treasury of a prince or 
state. 

FTSG'AL, a. Pertaining to the public treasury. 

FISC'AL, 77. 1. Revenue ; the income of a prince or state. 
2. A treasurer. 

FISH, 77. [Sax. j^sc.] 1. An animal that lives in water. 2. 
The flesh offish, used as food. 3. A counter. 

FISH, V. i. 1. To attempt to catch fish ; to be employed in 
taking fish, by any means, as by angling or drawing nets. 

2. To attempt or seek to obtain by artifice, or indirectly 
to seek to draw forth. 

FISH, V. t. 1. To search by raking or sweeping. — 2. In 5 co- 
manskip, to strengthen, as a mast or yard, with a piece of 
timber. 3. To catch ; to draw out or up. 

FISH, 71. 1. In ships, a machine to hoist and draw up the 
flukes of an anchor, towards the top of the bow. 2. A 
long piece of timber, used to strengthen a lower mast or a 
yard, when sprung or damaged. 

FiSIPER, 77. 1. One who is employed in catching fish. 2. 
A species of weasel. 

FISIi'ER-BoAT, 7i. A boat employed in catching fish. 

FISH'ER-MAN, n. 1. One whose occupation is to catch 
fish. 2. A ship or vessel employed in the business of tak- 
ing fish. 

FfSIPER-TOWN, 77. A town inhabited by fishermen. 

FISIFER-Y, 77. 1. The business of catching fish. 2. A 

place for catching fish. 

FISH'FIJL, a. Abounding with fish. Carciv. 

FISH'GIG, or FIZ'GIG, 7i. An instrument used for striking 
fish at sea. 

FISH'HOOK, 77. A hook for catching fish. 

FISHT-FA% V. t. To turn to fish. A cant 7Cord. Shale. 

FISII'ING, ppr. Attempting to catcli fish ; searching ; seek^ 
ing to draw forth by artifice, or indirectly ; adding a piece 
of timber to a mast or spar to strengthen it. 

FISHTNG,77. 1. The art or practice of catching fish. 2. A 
fishery. Spenser. 

FISH'ING-FROG, n. The toad-fish, or lophms, wiiosehead 
is larger than the body. E7icyc. 

FISH'ING-PLACE, 77 . A place where fishes are caught 
with seines ; a fisherv. 

FISIPKET-TLE, n. A kettle for boiling fish whole. 

FISIPLiKE, a. Resembling fish. Shah. 

FISH'MAR-KET, 71. A place where fish are exposed for 
sale. 

FISH'MkAL, 77 . A meal of fish ; diet on fish ; abstemious 
diet. 

FISH'MoN-GER, n. A seller offish. 

FISK'POND, 71 . A pond in which fishes are bred. 

FISH'ROOM, 71. All apartment in a ship between the af- 
ter-hol(^and the spirit room. 

FISH'SPicAR, 77. A spear for taking fish by stabbing them. 

FISIPWIFE, 71. A. woman that cries fish for sale. 

FISIPWOM-AN, 71. A woman who sells fish. 

FISH'Y, 'a. 1. Consisting of fish. 2. Inhabited by fish. 

3. Having the qualities of fish ; like fish. 

t FISK, V. i. [Su. ^esca.] To run about. Cotgrave. 

FIS'SiLE, a. [L..^ss,77s.] That may be split, cleft or divid- 
ed in the direction of the grain, or of natural joints. 

FIS-SIL'I-TY, 71. The quality of admitting to be cleft. 

FIS'SI-PED, a. [E.fissus.] Having separate toes. 

FIS'SI-PED, 71. An animal whpse toes are separate, or not 
connected by a membrane. 

FIS'SURE, (fish'urc) n. [Fr.,frorn h.fissura, from findo, tn 
split.] J. A cleft ; a narrow chasm rnade by the parting 
of any substance ; a longitudinal opening. — 2. In surgery, 
a crack or slit in a bone, either transversely or longitudi 
nally, by means of external force. — 3. In anatomy, a 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE BlILL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


FIX 


342 


FLA 


deep, narrow sulcus, or depression, dividing the anterior 
and middle lobes of the cerebrum on each side. 

FIS'SUIIE, (fish ure) v. t. To cleave j to divide 5 to crack 
or fracture. 

FIS'SURED, p-p. Cleft; divided; cracked. 

FIST, n. [Sax. fijsi.'] The liand clinched ; the hand with 
the fingers doubled into the palm. 

FIST, V. t. 1. To strike with the fist. Dryden. 2. To gripe 
with the fist. Shak. 

FIST'I-CUFFS, n. Blows or a combat with the fist ; a box- 
ing. Swift. 

FIS'TI-NUT, n. A pistachio nut. 

FIS'TU-LA, 71 . [L.] 1. A pipe ; a wind instrument of mu- 

sic, originally a reed. — 2. In surgery, a deep, narrow and 
callous ulcer, generally arising from abscesses. — Fistula 
lachrymalis, a fistula of the lachrymal sac, a disorder ac- 
companied with a flowing of tears. 

FIS'TC-LAR, a. Hollow, like a pipe or reed. 

FIS'TU-LATE, v. i. To become a pipe or fistula. 

FIS'TU-LATE, v. t. To make hollow like a pipe. 

FIS'TU-IJ-FORM, a. Being in round hollow columns, as 
a mineral. Phillips. 

FIS'TU-LOUS, a. Having the nature of a fistula. Wise- 
man. 

FIT, 71 . [qu. W. fith.'] 1. The invasion, exacerbation or 
paroxysm of a disease. 2. A sudden and violent attack 
of disorder, in which the body is often convulsed, and 
sometimes senseless. 3. Any short return after intermis- 
sion ; a turn; a period or interval. 4. A temporary af- 
fection or attack. 5. Disorder ; distemperature. 6 . [Sax. 
jitt, a song.] Anciently, a song, or part of a song ; a strain ; 
a canto. 

FIT, a. [Flemish, vitten.'] 1. Suitable ; convenient ; meet; 
becoming. 2 . (Qualified. 

FIT, V. t. 1. To adapt ; to suit; to make suitable. 2. To 
accommodate a person with any thing. 3. To prepare ; 
to put in order for ; to furnish with things proper or ne- 
cessary. 4. To qualify ; to prepare. — To fit out, to fur- 
nish ; to equip ; to supply with necessaries or means. — 
To fit up, to prepare; to fhrnish with things suitable; to 
make proper for the reception or use of any person. 

FIT, V. i. 1. To be proper or becoming. 2. To suit or be 
suitable ; to be adapted. 

FITCH, 7 {. A chick-pea. 

FITCH'ET, ) 71. [W. gwicyll or gwicyn.l A polecat ; a 

FITCH/EW, \ foumart. 

FIT'FUL, a. Varied by paroxysms ; full of fits. 

FIT'LY, adc. 1. Suitably ; properly ; with propriety. 2. 
Commodiously ; coveniently. 

t FIT'MENT, 71. Something adapted to a purpose. 

FIT'NESS, n. 1. Suitableness; adaptedness; adaptation. 
2. Propriety ; meetness ; justness ; reasonableness. 3. 
Preparation ; qualification. 4. Convenience ; the state of 
being fit. 

I FIT'TA-BLE, a. Suitable. Sherwood. 

FIT'TfiD, pp. Made suitable ; adapted ; prepared ; quali- 
fied. 

FIT'TER, n. One who makes fit or suitable ; one who 
adapts ; one who prepares. 

FIT'TING, ppr. ftlaking suitable ; adapting ; preparing ; 
qualifying ; providing with. 

FIT'TING-LY, adv. Suitably. More. 

FITZ, Norm, fites, fiuz or fii, a son, is used in names, as 
in Fitzherbert, Fitzroy, Carlovitz, 

FIVE, a. [Sax. fif.] Four and one added ; the half of ten. 

FTVE'BARRED, | ^^^ving five bars. 

FiVE'CLEFT, a. Ouinquefid ; divided into five seg- 
ments. 

FIVEToLD, a. In fives ; consisting of five in one ; five- 
doublej five times repeated. 

FIVE'LeAF, 71. Cinquefbil. Drayton. 

FIVE'LeAFED, a. Having five leaves. 

FIVE'LoBED, a. Consisting of five lobes. 

FIVE'PART-ED, a. Divided into five parts. 

Fives, n. A kind of play with a ball. 

Fives, or ViVES, n. A disease of horses, resembling the 
strangles. 

FiVE'TOOTHED, a. Having five teeth. 

FIVE'VALVED, a. Having five valves. Botany. 

FIX, V. t. [Fr. fixer.'] 1. To make stable ; to set or estab- 
lish immovably. 2. To set or place permanently ; to 
establish. 3. To make fast; to fasten; to attach firmly. 
4. To set or place steadily ; to direct, as the eye, without 
moving it; to fasten. .5. To set or direct steadily, with- 
out wandering. 6 . To set or make firm, so as to bear a 
high degree of heat without evaporating ; to deprive of 
volatility. 7. To transfix ; to pierce ; \little used.] Sandys. 
8 . To withhold from motion. — 9. In popular use, to put 
in order; to prepare ; to adjust. 

FIX, V. i. 1. To rest ; to settle or remain permanently ; to 
ceEise from wandering. 2. To become firm, so os to resist 
volatilization. 3. To cease to flow or be fluid ; to con- 
geal; to become hard and malleable. Bacon. — To fix on. 


to settle the opinion or resolution on any thing ; to deter- 
mine on. 

FIX'A-BLE, a. That may be fixed, established, or rendered 
firm. 

FIX-a'TION, 71. 1. The act of fixing. 2. Stability; firm- 
ness ; steadiness ; a state of being established. 3. Resi- 
dence in a certain place ; or a place of residence ; [little 
Tii'crf.] 4. That firm state of a body which resists evapo- 
ration or volatilization by heat. 5. The act or process of 
ceasing to be fluid and becoming firm ; state of being 
fixed. 

FIXED, pp. Settled ; established ; firm ; fast ; stable. — 
Fixed air, called, generally, carbonic acid. — Fixed stars 
are such stars as always retain the same apparent position 
and distance with respect to each other. 

FIX'ED-LY, adv. Firmly ; in a settled or established man- 
ner ; steadfastly. 

FIX'ED-NESS, n. 1. A state of being fixed ; stability ; 
firmness ; steadfastness. 2. The state of a body which 
resists evaporation or volatilization by heat. 3. Firm co- 
herence of parts ; solidity. 

I FIX-ID'I-TY, 71. Fixedness. Boyle. 

FIX'I-TY, n. Fixedness; coherence of parts; that proper- 
ty of bodies by which they resist dissipation by heat. 

FIXT'URE, 77. 1. Position. 2. Fixedness; firm pressure. 
3. Firmness ; stable state. 4. That which is fixed to a 
building. 

FIXTURE, 77. Position ; stable pressure ; firmness. 

FIZ'GIG, 77 . 1. A fishgig, which see. 2. A gadding, flirt- 
ing girl. 3. A fire-work, made of powder rolled up in a 
paper. 

FIZ'Z^LE ( make a hissing sound. 

FLAB'BI-NESS, 77. A soft, flexible state of a substance, 
which renders it easily movable and yielding to pressure. 

FLAB'BY, a. [W.llib.] Soft; yielding to the touch ; easi- 
ly bent ; hanging loose by its own weight. 

t FLAB'EL, 71. [L. flabellum.] A fan. Huluet. 

j FLAB'ILE, a. [h. flabilis.] Subject to be blown. Diet. 

FLA€'CID, a. [L.flaccidus.] Soft and weak ; limber; lax ; 
drooping; hanging down by its own weight; yielding to 
pressure. 

FLA€'CID-NESS, \n. Laxity; limberness; want of firm- 

FLAC-CID'I-TY, \ ness or stiffness. 

FLAGK'ER, n. i. [Tent, jiiggeren.] To flutter, as a bird. 
Oi’ose. 

FLAG, r. i. [\^’. llaccLu ; L. flaceeo.] 1. To hang loose 
without stiffness ; to bend down as flexible bodies ; to be 
loose and yielding. 2. To grow spiritless or dejected ; to 
droop; to grow languid. 3. To grow weak; to lose vig- 
or. 4. To become dull or languid. 

FLAG, V. t. To let fall into feebleness ; to suffer to drop. 

FLAG, 77. [W. Ilec / Ir. Hag.] A flat stone, or a pavement 
of flat stones. 

FLAG, V. t. To lay with flat stones. Sandys. 

FLAG, 77 . [VV. Hag.] An aquatic plant, with a bladed 
leaf. 

FLAG, 77. [G. fiagge.] An ensign or colors ; a cloth on 
which are usually painted or wrought certain figures, and 
borne on a staff. — To strike or lower the flag, is to pull it 
down upon the cap in token of respect or submission. — To 
strike the flag, in an engagement, is the signal of surrender- 
ing. — To hang out the white flag, is to ask quarter, or, in 
some cases, to manifest a friendly design. I'he red flag is 
a sign of defiance or battle. — To hang the flag half mast 
high, is a token or signal of mourning. — Flag-officer, an 
admiral ; the commander of a squadron. — Flacr-ship, the 
ship which bears the admiral, and in which fiis flag is 
displayed. — Flag-staff, the staff that elevates the flag. 

FLAG'BROOM, n. A broom for sweeping flags, 

FLAG'STONE, n. A flat stone for pavement. 

FLAG'WoRM, n. A worm or grub found among flags and 

FLAG'E-LET, 77 . [Fx. flageolet.] A little flute; a small 
wind instrument of music. 

FLAG'EL-LANT, 77 . {L. flagellans.] One who whips him- 
self in religious discipline. The Flagellants were a fanat- 
ical sect which arose in Italy, A. D. 1260. 

FLAG'EL-LATE, v. t. To whip ; to scourge. 

FLAG-EL-La'TION, 77 . \'L. fiagello.] A beating or whip- 
ping ; a flogging ; the discipline of the scourge. 

FLAGGED, pp. Laid with flat stones. 

FLAG'GI-NESS, 77. Laxity; limberness; want of ten- 
sion. 

FLAG'GING, ppr. Growing weak ; drooping ; laying 
with flat stones. 

FLAGGY, a. 1. Weak ; flexible ; limber ; not stiff. 2. 
Weak in taste ; insipid. 3. Abounding with flags, the 
plant. 

FLA-GB'TIOUS, a. [L. flagitium.] 1. Deeply criminal ; 
grossly wicked ; villanous ; atrocious j scandalous. 2. 
Guilty of enormous crimes ; corrupt ; wicked. 3. Marked 
or infected with scandalous crimes or vices. 

FLA-Gl"TIOUS-LY, adv. With extreme wickedness. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, E, Y, FAR, F^LL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete, 


FLA 


843 


FLA- 6 rTI 0 US-NESS, n. Extreme wickedness. 

FLAG'ON, «. [L. lagena .1 A vessel with a narrow mouth, 
used for holding and conveying liquors. 

FLa'GRANCE, n. Notoriousness 3 glaring offense. Bp. 
Hall. 

FLa'GRAN-CY, 71 . 1 . A burning ; great heat 3 inflamma- 
tion 3 2 . Excess 3 enormity. 

FLA'GRANT, a. [L. jlagrans.^ 1 . Burning 3 ardent 3 ea- 
ger. 2 . Glowing 3 red 3 flushed. 3 . Red 3 inflamed. 4 . 
Flaming in notice 3 glaring 3 notorious 3 enormous. 

FLa'GRAN'I’-LY^, ado. Ardently 3 notoriously. 

FLa'GRATE, V. t. To burn. [Little used.~\ 

FLA-GRa'TION, n. A burning. [Little used.] 

FLaIL, n. [D. vlegel ; G. Jicgel.] An instrument for 
thrashing or beating corn from the ear. 

FLAKE, 71 . [Hax.Jiacc ; D. rZauA:.] 1 . A small collection 
of snow, as it fulls from the clouds or from the air. 2 . A 
platform of hurdles, or small sticks, on which codfish is 
dried. Massachusetts. 3 . A layer or stratum. 4 . A col- 
lection or little particle of fire, or of combustible matter on 
fire, separated and flying off. 5 . Any scaly matter in 
layers 3 any mass cleaving off in scales. 6. A sort of 
carnations, of two colors only, having large stripes going 
through the leaves. 

FLAKE, V. t. 'J’o form into flakes. Pope. 

FLAKE, V. i. To break or separate in layers 3 to peel or 
scale off. 

FLaKE'- WHITE, 77. Oxyd of bismuth. Ure. 

FliAKW, a. 1 . Consisting of flakes or locks. 2 . Lying in 
flakes 3 consisting of layers, or cleaving ofl’ in layers. 

FLAM, n. [Ice.Jlim; W.lla/71.] A freak or whim 3 also, 
a falsehood 3 a lie 3 an illusory pretext 3 deception 3 delu- 
sion. 

FLAM, V. t. To deceive with falsehood 3 to delude. 

FLAM'BEAIJ, (flam'bo) 71. [Fr.] A light or luminary made 
of thick wicks covered with wax. 

FLAME, V. [Fr. Jlamme ; h. Jiamma.] 1 . A blaze 5 burn- 
ing vapor 3 vapor in combustion. 2 . Fire in general. 3 . 
Heat of passion 3 tumult 3 combustion 3 blaze 3 violent 
contention. 4 . Ardor of temper or imagination 5 bright- 
ness of fancy 5 vigor of thought. 5 . Ardor of inclination 3 
warmth of affection. 6. The passion of love 3 ardent 
love. 7 . Rage 3 violence. 

FLAME, V. t. To inflame 3 to excite. Speiiser. 

FLAME, V. i. I. To blaze 3 to burn in vapor, or in a cur- 
rent. 2 . To shine like burning gas. 3 . To break out in 
violence of piission. 

FLaME'€6L-OK, 71 . Bright color, as that of flame. 

FLaME'€6L-ORED, a. Of the color of flame 3 of a bright 
yellow C(flor. Shah. 

FLaME'EyED, a. Having eyes like a flame. 

FLaME'LESS, a. Destitute of flame 3 without incense. 

FLa'MEN, n. [L.] 1 . In ajicie/it Romej a priest. 2 . A 

priest. 

FLaM'ING, ppr. 1 . Burning in flame. 2 . a. Bright 3 red. 
Also, violent 3 vehement. 

FLaM'ING, n. A bursting out in a flame. 

FLaM'ING-LY, ado. Most brightly 3 with great show or 
vehemence. 

FLA-MIN'GO, 77. [Sp.] A fowl constituting the genus p/to;- 
nicoptei'us, of the grallic order. 

FLA-MIN'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to a Roman flnmen. 

FLAM-MA-BIL'l-TY, n. The quality of admitting to be 
set on fire, or enkindled into a flame or blaze 3 inflamma- 
bility. 

FLAM'MA-BLE, a. Capable of being enkindled into 
flame. 

FLAM-Ma'TION, n. The act of setting on flame. 

FLA 3 i'ME-OUS, a. Consisting of flame 5 like flame. 

FLAM-MIF'ER-OCS, a. [h. Jla 7 nm.a.] Producing flame. 

FLAM-MIV'O-MOUS, a. [h.Jiarnma andvomo.] Vomiting 
flames, as a volcano. 

FLaM'Y, a. 1 . Blazing 5 burning. 2 . Having the nature 
of flame. 3 . Having the color of flame. 

t FLANG, old prct. of the verb Jling. Mirror for Magis- 
trates. 

FLANK, n. [Fr.fanc.l 1 . The fleshy or muscular part of 
the side of an animal, between the ribs and the hip. 2. 
The side of an army, or of any division of an army, as of 
a brigade, regiment or battalion. — 3 . In fortification^ that 
part of a bastion which reaches from the curtain to the 
face. 

FLANK, V. t. [Fr. fla 7 iquer.^ 1 . To attack the side or 
flank of an army or body of troops. 2 . To post so as to 
overlook or command on the side. 3 . To secure or guard 
on the side. 

FLANK, V. i. 1 . To border 3 to touch. 2 . To be posted on 
the side. 

FLANKED, pp. Attacked on the side 3 covered or com- 
manded on the flank. 

FLANK'ER, n. A fortification projecting so as to command 
the side of an assailing body. 

FLANK'ER, v. t. 1 . To defend by lateral fortifications. 
2 . To attack sideways. Evelyn. 


FLA 

FLAN'NEL, 77. [Fr.flanelle.'] A soft, nappy, woolen cloth, 
of loose texture. 

FLAP, 77 . [G. lappen and Idappe.l Any thing broad and 
limber that hangs loose or is easily moved. 2 . The mo- 
tion of any thing broad and loose, or a stroke with it. 3. 
Thej^aps, a disease in the lips of horses. 

FLAP , 77. t. 1. To beat with a flap. 2. To move something 
broad. 3 . To let fall, as the brim of a hat. 

FLAP, V. i. ]. To move as wings, or as something broad 
or loose. 2 . To fall, as the brim of a hat or other broad 
thing. 

FLAP'DR AG-ON, 77 . 1 . A play in which they catch raisins 
out of burning brandy, and, extinguishing them by clos- 
ing the mouth, eat them. 2 . The thing eaten. 

FLAP'DRAG-ON, v. t. To swallow or devour. 

FLAP'eARED, a. Having broad, loose ears. Shah. 

FLAP'JACK, ?/. An apple-pufl'. Shah. 

FLAP'MOCTHED, a. Having loose, hanging lips. 

FLAPPED, pp. Struck with something broad 3 let down 3 
having the brim fallen. 

FLAP'PER, 77 . One who flaps another. Chesterfield. 

FIjAP'PING, 77777-. Striking 5 beating; moving something 
broad. Id Estrange. 

FLARE, v.i. 1 . To waver 3 to flutter 3 to burn with an 
unsteady light. 2 . To flutter witli splendid show 3 to be 
loose and waving as a showy thing. 3 . To glitter with 
transient lustre. 4 . To glitter with painful splendor. 5 . 
To be exposed to too much light, (i. To open or spread 
outward. 

FLaR'ING, ppr. or rr. 1 . Burning with a wavering light 3 
fluttering 3 glittering 3 showy. 2. Oiiening 3 widening 
outward 3 as, a fianing fireplace. 

FLASH, 77 . [Ir. lasair., lasrach.] 1 . A sudden burst of 
light; a flood of light instantaneously appearing and dis- 
appearing. 2 . A sudden burst of flame and light; an in- 
stantaneous blaze. 3 . A sudden burst, as of wit or mer- 
riment. 4 . A short, transient state. 5 . A body of water 
driven by violence 3 [local.] Pegge. 6. A little i)ooi 3 
[/oca/.] 

FLASH, V. 7 . 1 . To break forth, as a sudden flood of light ; 
to burst or open instantly on the sight, as splendor. It 
diffei*s from glitter^ glisten and gleam., in denoting a flooa 
or wide extent of light. A diamond may glitter or glis- 
ten, but it does wot fiash. 2 . To burst or break forth with 
a flood of flame and light. 3 . To burst out into any kind 
of violence. 4 . To break out, as a sudden expression of 
wit, merriment or bright thought. 

FLASH, v.t. 1 . To strike up a body of water from the 
surface. 2 . To strike or to throw like a burst of light. 

FLASH'ER, 77. LA man of more appearance of wit than 
reality. Diet. 2 . A rower 3 [o/;s.] 

FLASH'I-LY, ado. 'With empty show ; with a sudden 
glare ; without solidity of wit or thought. 

FLASII'ING, ppr. Bursting forth as a flood of light, or of 
flame and light, or as wit, mirth or joy. 

FLASH'Y, a. 1 . Showy, but empty 3 dazzling for a mo- 
ment, but not solid. 2 . Showy ; gay. 3 . Insipid 3 vapid ; 
without taste or spirit. 4 . Washy 3 plashy 3 see Plash. 

FLASK, 77 . [G.flasche.] 1 . A kind of bottle. 2 . A vessel 
for powder. 3 . A bed in a gun-carriage. 

FLASK'ET, 77. 1 . A vessel in which viands are served up. 
Pope. 2 . A long, shallow basket. Spenser. 

FLAT, a. [D.plat.] 1 . Having an even surface, without 
risings or indentures, hills or valleys. 2 . Horizontal 3 
level 3 without inclination. 3 . Prostrate 3 lying the whole 
length on the ground. 4 . Not elevated or erect 3 fallen. 
5 . Level with the ground 3 totally fallen. — 8. In painting, 
wanting relief or prominence of the figures. 7 . 'I'aste- 
less 3 stale 3 vapid; insipid 3 dead. 8. Dull; unanimat- 
ed 3 frigid 3 without point or spirit ; applied to discourses 
and co7npositions. 9 . Depressed : spiritless ; dejected. 10 . 
Unpleasing; not affording gratification. J 1. Feremptory 3 
absolute 3 positive; downright. 12 . Not sharp or shnll 3 
not acute. 13 . Low, as the prices of goods 3 or dull, as 
sales. 

FLAT, 77 . LA level or extended plain. — In Jlmeylca, it is 
applied particularly to low ground or meadow that is lev- 
el, but it denotes any land of even surface and of some 
extent. 2 . A level ground lying at a small depth under 
the surface of water 3 a shoal 3 a shallow ; a strand ; a 
sand-bank under water. 3 . The broad side of a blade. 
4 . Depression of thought or language. 5 . A surface with- 
out relief or prominences. — 8. In music, a mark of depres- 
sion in sound. 7 . A boat, broad and flat-bottomed. 

FLAT, V. t. [Fr. flatir.] 1 . To level ; to depress 3 to lay 
smooth or even ; to make broad and smooth 3 to flatten. 
2 . To make vapid or tasteless. 3 . To make dull or unan- 
imated. 

FLAT, v.i. L To grow flat 3 to fall to an even surface. 
2 . To become insipid, or dull and unanimated. 

FLAT'-BOT-TOMED, a. Having a flat bottom, as a boat, 
or a moat in fortification. 

FLAT'TR-ON, 77. An instrument used in smoothing clothes. 

t FLa'TIVE, a. [L,. flatus.] Producing wind 3 flatulent. 


* See SyTiopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BljLL, UNITE.— € as K 3 G as J ; S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in thU. f Obsolete. 


FLE 


FLA 344 


FLAT^LONG, adv. With the flat side downward} not 
edgewise. Shak. 

FLAT'L Y, adv. 1. Horizontally } without inclination. 2. 
evenly } without elevations and depressions. 3. Without 
spirit} dully} frigidly. 4. Peremptorily} positively} 
downright. 

FLAT'NESS, n. 1. Ev^enness of surface} levelness } equal- 
ity of surface. 2. Want of relief or prominence. 3. Dead- 
ness } vapidness } insipidity. 4. Dejection of fortune} 
low state. 5. Dejection of mind } a low state of the spir- 
its } depression } want of life. 6* Dullness } want of 
point } insipidity } frigidity. 7^ Gravity of sound, as op- 
posed to sharpness, acuteness or shrillness. 

FLAT'NOSED, a. Having a flat nose. Burton. 

FLAT'TED, pp. Made flat } rendered even on the surface } 
also, rendered vapid or insipid. ‘ 

FLAT^TEN, (flat'tn) v. t. [Yy. flatir.] 1. To make flat } to 
reduce to an equal or even surface } to level. 2. To beat 
down to the ground } to lay flat. 3. To make vapid or in- 
sipid ; to render stale. 4. To depress} to deject, as the 
spirits} to dispirit. — 5. In music, to reduce, as sound} to 
render less acute or sharp. 

FLAT'TEN, (flat'tn) v. i. 1. To grow or become even on 
the surface. 2. To become dead, stale, vapid or tasteless. 
3. To become dull or spiritless. 

FLAT'TEN-ING, ppr. Making flat. 

FLAT'TER, n. The person or thing by which any thing is 
flattened. 

FLAT'TER, v. t. [Fr. flatter.] 1. To soothe by praise } 
to gratify self-love by praise or obsequiousness } to please 
a person by applause or favorable notice. 2. To please } 
to gratify. 3. To praise falsely } to encourage by favora- 
ble notice. 4. To encourage by favorable representations 
or indications. 5. To raise false hopes by representations 
not well founded. 6. To please } to soothe. 7. To whee- 
dle } to coax } to attempt to win. 

FLAT'TERED, pp. Soothed by praise } pleased by com- 
mendation } gratified witli hopes, false or well founded } 
wheedled. 

FLAT'TER-ER, 71. One who flatters } a fawner} a wheed- 
ler }'One who praises another. 

FLAT'TER-ING, ppr. Gratifying with praise } pleasing by 
applause } wheedling } coaxing. 2. a. Pleasing to pride 
or vanity} gratifying to self love. 3. Pleasing} favora- 
ble } encouraging hope. 4. Practicing adulation } uttering 
false praise. 

FLAT'TER-ING -LY, adv. 1. In a flattering manner. 2. 
In a manner to favor } with partiality. 

FLAT'TER-Y, n. [Fr. flatteric.] L False praise } com- 
mendation bestowed to accomplish some purpose. 2. Ad- 
ulation ; obsequiousness} wheedling. 3. Just commend- 
ation which gratifies self-love. 

FLAT'TISH, a. Somewhat flat. Woodward. 

FLAT'U-LENCE, ) n. 1. Windiness in the stomach} air 

FLAT'U-LEN-CY, ) generated in a weak stomach and 
intestines. 2. Airiness} emptiness} vanity. 

FLAT'U-LENT, a. [L. flatulentus.] 1. Windy } affect- 
ed with air generated in the stomach and intestines. 2. 
Turgid with air } windy. 3. Generating or apt to gener- 
ate wind in the stomach . 4. Empty } vain } big } without 
substance or reality } puffy. 

t FLAT-U-OS'I-TY, n. Windiness } flatulence. 

i FLAT'U-OUS, a. [L. flatuosus.] Y/indy } generating 
wind. Bacon. 

FLa'TUS, 71. [L.] 1. A breath } a puff of wind. 2. Wind 
generated in the stomach } flatulence. 

FLAT'WISE, a. or adv. With the. flat side downward or 
next to another object } not edgewise. 

♦FLAUNT, V. i. 1. To throw or spread out } to flutter } to 
display ostentatiously. 2. To carry a pert or saucy ap- 
pearance. 

* FLAUNT, n. Any thing displayed for show. 

* FLAUNT'ING, ppr. Making an ostentatious display. 

FLa'VOR, 7t. [qu. Fr. ^ah-er.] The quality of a substance 

which affects the taste or smell, in any manner } taste, 
ordor, fragrance, smell. 

P'La'VOR, V. t. To communicate some quality to a thing, 
that may affect tlie taste or smell. 

FLa'VORED, a. Having a quality that affects the sense 
of tasting or smelling. 

FLA'VOR-LESfc?, a. Without flavor } tasteless. 

FLa'VOR-OUS, a. Pleasant to the taste or smell. 

f FLa'VOUS, a. [L.flavus.] Yellow. Smith. 

FLAW, 71. [W. fl.aw.] 1. A breach} a crack} a defect 
made by breaking or splitting ; a gap or fissure. 2. A de- 
fect } a fault } any defect made by violence or occasioned 
by neglect. 3. A sudden burst of wind } a sudden gust or 
blast of short duration. 4. A sudden burst of noise and 
disorder } a tumult } uproar. 5. A sudden commotion of 
mind } [not used.] 

FLAW, V. t. 1. To break } to crack. 2. To break } to vio- 
late. 

FLAWED, pp. Broken} cracked. 

FLAW'ING, pp7*. Breaking} cracking. 


FLAW'LESS, a. Without cracks } without defect* 

I FLAWN, 71. [I^ax.^e7ia.] A sort of custard or pie. 

i FLAW'TER, V. t. To scrape or pare a skin. 

FLA W'Y, a. 1. Full of flaws or cracks } broken } defective j 
faulty. 2. Subject to sudden ^usts of wind. 

FLAX, 71 . [S)ViX. fleax,flex.] 1. A plant of the genus linum, 
consisting of a single slender stalk, the skin or herl of 
which is used for making thread and cloth, called linen, 
cambric, lawn, lace, &c. 2. The skin or fibrous part of 
the plant when broken and cleaned. 

FLAX'UoMB, n. An instrument with teeth, through which 
flax is drawn for separating from it the tow or coarser 
part and the shives. In America, we call it s.hatchcl. 

FLAX'DRESS-ER, n. One who breaks and swingles flax. 

FLAX'PLANT, n. The phormium, a plant. 

FLAX'RaJS-ER, 7j. One who raises flax. 

FLAX'SEED, n. The seed of flax. 

FLAX'EN, a. 1. Made of flax. 2. Resembling flax } of the 
color of flax } fair, long, and flowing. 

FLAX'-WEED, n. A plant. 

FLAX'Y, a. Like flax } being of a light color } fair. 

FLAY, V. t. [Sax. flean.] 1. To skin } to strip olf the skin of 
an animal. 2. I’o take off the skin or surface of any 
thing } [net used.] 

FLAYED, pp. Skinned} stripped of the skin. 

FLaY'ER, n. One who strips oft* the skin. 

FLAY'ING, ppr. Stripping off the skin. 

FLkA, 71. [Sax.^ea.J A troublesome insect. 

FLf.A'BANE, 71. A plant of the genus comjza. 

FLeA'BiTE, } n. I. The bite of a flea, or the red spot 

FLeA'BI-TIN'G, ) caused by the bite. 2. A trifling 
\yound or pain, like that of the bite of a flea. 

FLeA'BIT-TEN, a. Bitten or stung by a flea. 2. Mean } 
worthless } of low birth or station. 

FLeA'WoRT, n. A plant. 

FLeAK, n. A lock. See Flake. 

FLeAM,71. [D. vhj7n ,• W.flaim.] In surgerij and farriery, a 
sliarp instrument used for opening veins for letting blood, 

FLE€K, 1 V. t. [G. fleck.] To spot } to streak or stripe j 

FLEUK'ER, ) to variegate } to dapple. 

FLEU'TION, n. [L. flectio] The act of bending, or state of 
being bent. 

FLEC'TOR, n. A flexor, which see. 

FLED, pret. and pp. oi flee. 

FLEDGE, (flej) a. [G. flvgge.] Feathered} furnished with 
feathers or wings } able to fly. 

FLEDGE, V. t. To furnish with feathers } to supply with 
the feathers necessary for flight. 

FLEDGED, pp. Furnished with feathers for flight } covered 
with feathers. 

FLEDG'ING, ppr. Furnishing with feathers for flight. 

FLEE, V. i. [Sax. flean, fleon, fleogan.] 1. To run with ra- 
pidity, as from danger ; to attempt to escape } to hasten 
from danger or expected evil. 2. To depart } to leave } to 
hasten away. 3. To avoid } to keep at a distance from. 

FLEECE, (flees) n. [Sax. fleos, flys, flese.] The coat of 
wool shorn from a sheep at one time. 

FLEECE, V. t. 1. To shear off a covering or growth of 
wool. 2. To strip of money or property } to take from, by 
severe exactions. 3. To spread over as with wool } to 
make white. 

FLEECED, pp. Stripped by severe exactions. 

FLEECED, a. Furnished with a fleece or with fleeces. 

FLEE'CER, 71. One who strips or takes by severe exactions. 

FLEE'CING, ppr. Stripping of money or property by se- 
vere demands of fees, taxes or contributions. 

FLEE'CY, a. 1. Covered with wool } woolly. 2. Resem- 
bling wool or a fleece } soft } complicated. 

FLEER, V. i. [Scot, flyre, or fleyr.] 1. To deride } to sneer } 
to mock } to gibe } to make a wry face in contempt, or to 
grin in scorn. 2. To leer } to grin with an air of civility. 

FLEER, V. t. To mock } to flout at. Beaumont. 

FLEER, n. 1. Derision or mockery, expressed by w’ords 
or looks. Shak. 2. A grin of civility. South. 

FLEER'ER, n. A mocker } a fawner. 

FLEER'IiNG, ppr. Deriding } mocking } counterfeiting an 
air of civility. 

FLEET, in English names, [Sax.j^eot,] denotes a a 
creek or inlet, a bay or estuary, or a river } as in Fleet- 
street, A'orth-Jlete, Fleet-prison. 

FLEET, 71. [Sax. fiota,fliet.] A navy or squadron of ships } 
a number of ships in company. 

FLEET, a. [Ice. fliotr.] 1. Swift of pace} moving or able 
to move with rapidity ; nimble } light and quick in mo- 
tion, or moving with lightness and celerity. 2. Moving 
with velocity. 3. Light } superficially fruitful } or thin ; 
not penetrating deep, as soil. 4. Skimming the sur- 
face. 

FLEET, V. i. 1. To fly swiftly } to hasten } to flit as a 
light substance. 2. To be in a transient state. 3. To 
float. 

FLEET, V. t. 1. To skim the surface } to pass over rapidly. 
2. To pass lightly, or in mirth and joy } [not used.] 3. To 
skim milk } [local, in England.] 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, XJ, long. —FAR, FALL, WHAT }— PREY }— PIN, MARINE, BIRD }-— [ Obsohts. 


FLI 


FLE 345 


FLEET^'FQOT, a. Swift of foot j running or able to run 
with rapidity. SAa/c. 

FLEET'ING, ppr. 1 . Passing rapidly j flying with velocity. 
2 . a. Transient ; not durable. 

FLEETTNG-DISII, n. A skimming bowl. [LocalJ] 

FLEET'LY, adc. Rapidly ; lightly and nimbly j swiftly. 

FLEET'NESS, n. Swiftness 3 rapidity ; velocity 3 celerity 3 
sjpGcd • 

FLEiMTNG, n. A native of Flanders. 

FLEM'ISH, a. Pertaining to Flanders. 

FLESH, 71 . ox jlccsc.l L A compound sub- 

stance forming a large part of an animal, consisting of the 
softer solids, as distinguished from the bones and the flu- 
ids. 2 . Animal food, in distinction from vegetable. 3 . 
The body of beasts and fowls used as food, distinct from 
fish. 4 . The body, as distinguished from the soul. 5 . An- 
imal nature 3 animals of aP kinds. 6. Men in general: 
mankind. 7 . Human nature. 8. Carnality 3 corporeal 
appetites. 9 . A carnal state 3 a state of unrenewed na- 
ture. 10 . The corruptible body of man, or corrupt nature. 

11 . The present life 3 the state of existence in this world. 

12 . Legal righteousness, and ceremonial services. 13 . 
Kindred 3 stock 3 family. — 14 . In botany^ the soft pulpy 
substance of fruit 3 also, that part of a root, fruit, &c., 
\yhich is fit to be eaten. — One flesh, denotes intimate rela- 
tion. To be one flesh, is to be closely united, as in mar- 
riage. 

FLEiSH, V. t. 1 . To initiate 3 a sportsman^s use of the word. 

2 . To harden ; to accustom 3 to establish in any practice. 

3 . To glut 3 to satiate. 

FLESHfllROTH, n. Broth made by boiling flesh in water. 

FLESH'BRUSH, n. A brush for exciting action in the skin 
by friction. 

FLESH'C6L-OR, n. The color of flesh 3 carnation. 

FLESH-€6L'ORED, a. Being of the color of flesh. 

FLESH'Di-ET, n. Food consisting of flesh. 

FLESHED, pp. 1 . Initiated 3 accustomed 3 glutted. 2 . Fat 3 
fleshy. 

FLESH' FLY, n. A fly that feeds on flesh, and deposits her 
eggs in it. Ray. 

FLESII'HOOK, 71 . A hook to draw flesh from a pot. 

FLESH'I-NfiSS, 71 . Abundance of flesh or fat 3 plumpness 3 
corpulence 3 grossness. 

FLESH'ING, ppr. Initiating ; making familiar 5 glutting. 

FLESH'LESS, a. Destitute of flesh 3 lean. 

FLESH'LI-NESS, n. Carnal passions and appetites. 

t FLESH 'LING, n. A mortal set wholly upon the carnal 
state. 

FLESH'LY, a. 1 . Pertaining to the flesh 3 corporeal. 2 . 
Carnal 3 worldly 3 lascivious. 3 . Animal 3 not vegeta- 
ble. 4 . Human 3 not celestial 3 not spiritual or divine. 

FLESH'MeAT, 71 . Animal food 3 the flesh of animals pre- 
pared or used for food. Sicift. 

FLESH'MENT, 71 . Eagerness gained by a successful initia- 
tion. Shah. 

FLEvSH'M6N-GER, n. One who deals in flesh 3 a procurer 3 
a pimp. [Little used.] Shale. 

FLESH'POT, 71 . A vessel in which flesh is cooked 3 hence, 
plenty of provisions. Ex. xvi. 

t FLESH'ClUAKE, n. A trembling of the flesh. 

FLESH'Y, a. 1 . Full of flesh 3 plump 3 musculous. 2 . Fat 3 
gross 3 corpulent. 3 . Corporeal. 4 . Full of pulp 3 pul- 
P0US3 plump as fruit. 

FLET, pp. of fleet. Skimmed. Mortimer. 

FLETCH, V. t. [Fr. fleche.] To feather an arrow. 

FLETCH'ER, n. [Fr. fleche.] An arrow maker 3 a man- 
ufacturer of bows and arrows. Hence the name of 
Fletcher. 

FLETZ, a. [G. fioti.] In geology, the fletz formations, so 
called, consist of rocks which lie immediately over the tran- 
sition rocks. 

FLEUR DE LIS. See Flower de Lis. 

FLEVVjpret. of jiy. 

FLEVA'^, 71 . The large chaps of a deep-mouthed hound. 

FLEWED, a. Chapped 3 mouthed 3 deep-mouthed. 

t FLEX-AN'I-MOUS, a. Having power to change the mind. 

FLEX-I-BIL'I-TY, n. 1 . The quality of admitting to be 
bent 3 pliancy 3 flexibleness. 2 . Easiness to be persuad- 
ed 5 the quality of yielding to arguments, persuasion or 
circumstances 3 ductility of mind 3 readiness to comply 3 
facility. 

FLEX'l-BLE, a. [h.flezibilis.] 1. That may be bent 3 ca- 
pable of being turned or forced from a straight line or form 
without breaking ; pliant ; yielding to pressure 3 not stiff 5 

2. Capable of yielding to entreaties, arguments or other 
moral force ; that may be persuaded to compliance 3 not 
invincibly rigid or obstinate 3 not inexorable. 3 . Duc- 
tile 3 manageable 3 tractable. 4 . That may be turned or 
accommodated. 

FLEX'I-BLE-NESS, 71. 1. Possibility to be bent or turned 
from a straight line or form without breaking 3 easiness 
to be bent 3 pliantness 3 pliancy 3 flexibility. 2 . Facility 
of mind 5 readiness to comply or yield ; obsequiousness. 

3 . Ductility 3 manageableness 3 tractableness. 


FLEX'ILE, a. [L. flezilis.] Pliant; pliable 3 easily bent j 
yielding to power, impulse or moral force. 

FLEX'ION, n. [L,. flexio.] 1 . The act of bending. 2 . A 
bending 3 a part bent 3 a fold. 3 . A turn 3 a cast. 

FLEX'OR, 71 . In anatomy, a muscle whose ofiice is to bend 
the part to which it belongs. 

FLEX'U-OUS, a. [E. flexuosus.] 1. Winding 3 having 
turns or windings. 2 . Bending 5 winding 3 wavering 5 
not steady. — 3 . In botany, bending or bent 3 changing its 
direction in a curve. 

FLEX'URE, n. [L. flexura.] 1 . A winding or bending 3 
the form of bending. 2 . The act of bending. 3 . The part 
bent 3 a joint. 4 . The bending of the body 3 obsequious or 
servile cringe. 

FLICK. Sec Flitch. 

FLIGK'ER, V. i. [Sux. fliccerian.] 1 . To flutter 3 to flap the 
wings without flying 3 to strike rapidly with the wings. 
2. I’o fluctuate. 

FLICK'ER-ING, ppr. 1 . Fluttering 3 flapping the wings 
without flight. 2 . a. AVith amorous motions of the 
eye. 

FLICK'ER-ING, n. A fluttering 3 short irregular move- 
ments. 

FLICK'ER-MOUSE, n. The bat. B. Jonson. 

FLI'ER, n. 1 . One that flies or flees. 2 . A runaway 3 a fu- 
gitive. 3 . A part of a machine which, by moving rapidly, 
equalizes and regulates the motion of the wliole. 

FLIGHT, (flite) 71 . [Sax. fliht.] 1 . The act of fleeing 3 the 
act of running away, fh escape danger or expected evil 3 
hasty departure. 2 . The act of flying 3 a passing through 
the air by the help of wings 3 volitation. 3 . The manner 
of flying. 4 . Removal from place to place by flying. . 5 . 
A flock of birds flying in company. 6. A number of beings 
flying or moving through the air together. 7 . A number of 
things passing through the air together 3 a volley. 8. A 
periodical flying of birds in flocks. — 9 . In England, the 
birds produced in the same season. 10 . The space passed 
by flying. 11 . A mounting 3 a soaring 3 lofty elevation 
and excursion. 12 . Excursion 3 wandering 3 extravagant 
sally. 13 . The power of flying. — 14 . In certain lead works, 
a substance that flies off in smoke. — Flight of stairs, the 
series of stairs from the floor, or from one platform to an- 
other. 

I FLiGHT'ED, a. Taking flight 3 flying. 

FLtGHT'I-NESS, n. The state of being flighty 3 wildness 3 
slight delirium. 

FLiGHT'-SHOT, n. The distance which an arrow flies. 

FLiGHT'Y, a. 1 . Fleeting 3 swift. 2 . AA'^ild 3 indulging the 
sallies of imagination. 3 . Disordered in mind 3 some- 
what delirious. 

FLIM'FLAM, 71 . [Ice.^iiw.] A freak 3 a trick. 

FLIM'SI-NESS, 71 . State or quality of being flimsy 3 thin, 
weak texture 3 weakness 3 want of solidity. 

FLIM'SY, a. [AV. llymsi.] 1 . Weak 3 feeble 3 slight 3 vain 3 
without strength or solid substance. 2 . Without strength 
or force 3 spiritless. 3 . Thin 3 of loose texture. 

FLINCH, v.i. 1 . To shrink 3 to withdraw from 3 to fail of 
proceeding, or of performing any thing. 2 . To fail. 

FLINCH'ER, n. One who flinches or fails. 

FLINCH'ING, ppr. Failing to undertake, perform or pro- 
ceed 3 shrinking 3 withdrawing. 

FLIN'DER, 7i. [D. flenter.] A small piece or splinter 3 a 
fragment. JSTew England. 

FLIN'DER-MOUSE, n. A bat. Oooge. 

FLING, V. t. ,• pret. and pp. flung. |Tr. lingim.] 1 . To cast, 
send or throw from the hand 3 to hurl. 2 . To dart 3 to 
cast with violence 3 to send forth. 3 . To send forth 3 to 
emit 3 to scatter. 4 . To throw 3 to drive by violence. 
5 . To throw to the ground 3 to prostrate. 6. To baffle 3 to 
defeat. — To fling away, to reject 3 to discard. — To fling 
down. 1 . To demolish 3 to ruin. 2 . To throw to the ground. 
— To fling off, to baffle in the chase 3 to defeat of prey. — 
To fling out, to utter 3 to speak. — To fling in, to throw in 3 
to make an allowance or deduction. — ^To fling open, to 
throw open 3 to open suddenly or with violence. — To fling 
up, to relinquish 3 to abandon. “ 

FLING, V. i. 1 . To flounce 3 to wflnce 3 to fly into violent 
and irregular motions. 2. To cast in the teeth 3 to utter 
harsh language 3 to sneer 3 to upbraid. — To fling out, to 
grow unruly or outrageous. 

FLING, n. 1 . A throw 3 a cast from the hand. 2 . A gibe 5 
a sneer 3 a saicasm 3 a severe or contemptuous re- 
mark. 

FLING'ER, 77. One who flings 3 one who jeers. 

FLING'ING, ppr. Throwing 3 casting 3 jeering. 

FLINT, 71 . [Sax. flint.] 1 . In natural history, a sub-species 
of quartz. It is amorphous, interspersed in other stories, 
or in nodules or rounded lumps. Its surface is general- 
ly uneven, and covered witJi a rind or crust, is very 
hard, and strikes fire with steel. 2 . A piece of this stone 
use in firearms to strike fire. 3 . Any thing proverbially 
hard. 

*pT TIVT’/— TTT^ X T? T’ ) 

FLINT'-HE?RT-ED ( ^^avinga hard, unfeeling heart. 


* See Synopsis. MCA/^E, BOOK, DOVE 3 — BULL, UNITE. — C as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


FLO 


346 


FLO 


^TNT'Y, a. 1. Consisting of flint. 2 . Like flint ; very 
hard ; not impressible. 3. Cruel j unmerciful j inexorable. 
4. Full of flint-stones. 

FLIP, n. A mixed liquor consisting of beer and spirit 
sweetened. 

FLIP'LOG, 71. An iron used, when heated, to warm flip. 

FLIP'PAN-CY, ?». i?moothnes 8 and rapidity of speech j vol- 
ubility of tongue ; fluency of speech. 

FLIP'PANT, a. [VV. llipaniL.] ]. Of smooth, fluent and 
rapid speech ; speaking with ease and rapidity j liaving a 
voluble tongue j talkative. 2. Pert ; petulant ; waggish. 

FLIP'P.VAT-LY, adv. Fluently j with ease and volubility 
of speech. 

FLIP'PANT-NESS, n. Fluency of speech ; volubility of 
tongue ; flippancy. 

FLlilE. See Fleer. 

FLiRT, V. t. [qu. Sax. Jleardian.] 1. To throw with a 
jerk or sudden effort or exertion. 2. To toss or throw 3 
to move suddenly. 

FLiRT, ?). i. 1. To jeer or gibe ; to throw out harsh or sar- 
castic words. 2. To run and dart about ; to be moving has- 
tily from place to place ; to be unsteady or fluttering. 

FLiRT, V. J. A sudden jerk ; a quick throw or cast ; a dart- 
ing motion. 2. A young girl who moves hastily or fre- 
quently from place to place ; a pert girl. 

FLiRT, a. Pert 3 wanton. Shak. 

FLiR-Tj\'T10X, n. 1. A flirting 3 a quick, sprightly motion. 
2. Desire of attracting notice 3 [a cant 7C(/rd.] 

FLIRT'ED, pp. Thrown with a sudden jerk. 

FLiRTT-GlG, n. A wanton, pert girl. G^rose. 

FLiRT^lNG, ppr. Throwing 3 jerking 3 tossing 3 darting 
about 3 rambling and changing place hastily. 

FLIT, V. i, [D. vlieden ; Sw. fiyta.] 1. To fly away with a 
rapid motion 3 to dart along 5 to move with celerity through 
the air. 2, To flutter 3 to rove on the wing. 3. To remove 3 
to migrate 3 to pass rapidly, as a light substance, from 
one place to another. — 4. In Scotland., to remove from one 
habitation to another. 5. To be unstable 3 to be easily or 
often moved. 

t FLIT, a. Nimble 3 quick 3 swift. See Fleet. 

FLITCH, n. [Sax. fiicce.] The side of a hog salted and 
cured. Swift. 

FLITE, V. i. [Sax. Jhjtan.] To scold. Chose. 

FLIT'TER, V. i. To flutter, which see. Chaucer. 

FLIT'TER, n. A rag 3 a tatter. See Fritter. 

FLIT'TER-MOUSE, n. A bat. 

FLITQT-NESS, 71 . Unsteadiness 3 levity 3 lightness. 

FLITTING, ppr. Flying rapidly 3 fluttering. 

FLIT TING, n. A flying with celerity 3 a fluttering. 

FLI'PT^f, a. Unstable 3 fluttering. Jilore. 

t FLIX, 71. [qu. from /ax.] Down 3 fur. Drydcn. 

FLIX'WEEu, n. A species of water-cresses. 

FLIX'WOOD, 71. A plant. 

t FLO, 71*. An arrow. Chaucer. 

FLOAT, 71. [Sax./ota.] 1. That which swims or is borne 
on water 3 a body or collection of timber, boards or planks 
fastened together and conveyed down a stream 3 a raft. 
2. The cork or quill used on an angling line, to support it 
and discover the bite of a fish. 3. The act of flowing 3 
flux 3 flood 3 [ 06 s.] 4. A quantity of earth, eighteen feet 
square and one deep. 5. [Fr. /of.] A wave. 

FLOAT, V. i. [Sax. /eotan,/ofan.] 1. To be borne or sus- 
tained on the surface of a fluid 3 to swim 3 to be buoyed 
up 3 not to sink 3 not to be aground. 2 . To move or be 
conveyed on water 3 to swim. 3. To be buoyed up and 
moved or conveyed in a fluid, as in air. 4. To move 
with a light irregular course. 

FL5AT, V. t. 1. To cause to pass by swimming 3 to cause 
to be conveyed on water. 2 . To flood 3 to inundate 3 to 
overflow 3 to cover with water. 

FLoAT'AGE, 71. Any thing that floats on the water. 

FLoAT'-BOARD, n. A board of a water-wheel. 

FLOAT'ED, pp. 1. Flooded 3 overflowed. 2. Borne on 
water. 

FLOATER, 71. One that floats or swims. Eusde-n. 

FLoAT'ING, ppr. 1. Swimming 3 conveying on water 3 
overflowing. 2. Lying flat on the surface of the water. 

FLOAT'ING-BRIDGE, 71. 1. In the United States^a bridge, 
consisting of logs or timber with a floor of plank, support- 
ed wholly by the water. — 2 . In war, a kind of double 
bridge, used for carrying troops over narrow moats. 

FLoAT'STONE, 71. Swimming flint, spungiform quartz, 
a mineral of a spungy texture. 

FL5ATY, a. Buoyant 5 swimming on the surface ; light. 

FLOG'GU-LENCE, n. [L,. flocculus.] The state of being in 
locks or flocks 3 adhesion in small flakes. 

FLOG'CU-LENT, a. Coalescing and adhering in locks or 
flakes. 

FLOCK, 71. [Sax.floce.] 1. A company or collection 3 ap- 
plied to sheep and other small animals. 2. A company or 
collection of fowls of any kind, and, 7cken applied to birds 
on the tcinff, a flight. 3. A body or crowd of people 3 
[little iLsedi] 4. A lock of wool or hair. 

FLOCK, V. i. To gather in companies or crowds. 


FLOCK'ING, ppr. Collecting or running together. 

t FLOCK'LY, adv. In a body 3 in a heap, fluloet. 

FIjOG, V. t. [L. fligo.] To beat or strike with a rod or 
whip 3 to whip 3 to lash 3 to chastise with repeated blows. 

FLOGGED, pp. Whipped or scourged for punishment 3 
chastised. 

FLOG GING, jypr. Whipping for punishment 3 chastising. 

FLOG'GING, 71. A whipping for punishment. 

t FLONG, old part. pass, from fling. 

FLOOD, (flud) 71. [Sax. flod.] 1. A great flow of w'ater 3 a 
body of moving water 3 a body of water, rising, swelling 
and overflowing land not usually covered with water. 
2. The flood, by way of eminence, the deluge 5 the great 
body of water which inundated the earth in the days of 
Noah. 3. A river a sense chiefly poetical. 4. I'he flow- 
ing of the tide 3 the semi-diurnal swell or rise of water in 
the ocean 3 opposed to ebb. 5. A great quantity 3 an in- 
undation 3 an overflowing 3 abundance 3 superabundance. 
6 . A great body or stream of any fluid substance. 7. 
Menstrual discliarge. 

FLOOD, V. t. To overflow 3 to inundate 3 to deluge. 

FLoOD'ED, pp. Overflowed 3 inundated. 

FLoOD'GATE, 71 . 1. A gate to be opened for letting water 
flow through, or to be shut to prevent it. 2. An opening 
or passage 3 an avenue for a flood or great body. 

FLoOD'lNG, ppr. Overflowing 3 inundating. 

FLOODING, 71. Any preternatural discharge of blood from 
the uterus. 

FLOOD'-MXRK, 71 . The mark or line to which the tide 
rises 3 high-water mark. 

FLOOK. See Fluke, the usual orthography. 

FIjOOKTNG, 71. In mining, an interruption or shifting of a 
load of ore, by a cross vein or fissure. 

FLOOR, (flore) n. [Sax. flor, flora.] 1. That part of a build- 
ing or room on wffiich we walk. 2. A platform of boards 
or planks laid on timbers. 3. A story in a building. 4. 
The bottom of a ship, or that part which is nearly hori- 
zmital. 

FLOOR, r. t. To lay a floor 3 to cover timbers with a floor 5 
to furnish with a floor. 

FLOORED, pp. Covered with boards, plank or pavement 3 
furnished with a floor. 

FLoORflNG, ppr. Laying a floor 3 furnishing with a floor. 

FLOORING, 71. 1. A platform 3 the bottom of a room or 
building 5 pavement. 2. Materials for floors. 

FLoOR'-TlM-BEE?, n. The timbers on which a floor is 
laid. 

FLOP, V. t. [a different spelling of flap.] 1. To clap or 
strike the tvings. 2. To let down the brim of a hat. 

FLo'RA, 71. 1. In antiquity, the goddess of flowers. — 2. In 
77wdern usage, a catalogue or account of flowers or plants. 

FLo'RAL, a. [L.floralis.] 1. Containing the flower 3 im- 
mediately attending the flower. 2. Pertaining to Flora 
or to flowers. 

FLOR'EN, 1 71. An ancient gold coin of Edward III., of 

FLOR'ENCE, ) six shillings sterling value. 

FLOR'ENCE, 71 . 1. A kind of cloth. 2. A kind of wine 
from Florence, in Italy. 

FLOR'EN-TINE, n. 1. A native of Florence. 2. A kind 
of silk cloth, so called. 

FLO-RES'CENCE, 71. [L./orcscciis.] In botany, the sea- 
son when plants expand their flowers. 

FLo'RET, 71. [Fr.fleurette.] A little flower 3 the partial or 
separate little flower of an aggregate flower. 

FLc'RI-AGE, 71. [Fr. /on'.] Bloom 3 blossom. J. Scott. 

FLOR'ID, a. [F. florid us.] 1. Litera/Zw, flowery 3 covered 
or abounding with flowers. 2. Bright in color 3 flushed 
with red 3 of a lively red color. 3. Embellished with 
flowers of rhetoric 3 enriched with lively figures 3 splen- 
did 3 brilliant. 

FLO-RID'I-TY, 71. Freshness or brightness of color 3 florid- 
ness. 

FLORTD-LY, adv. In a showy and imposing way. A. 
Wood. 

FLOR'ID-NESS, n. 1. Brightness or freshness of color or 
complexion. 2. Vigor 3 spirit. 3. Embellishment 3 bril- 
liant ornaments 3 ambitious elegance. 

FLO-RIF ER-OUS, a. [L. florifer.] Producing flow^ers. 

FLOR-I-FI-€X'TION, 71 . The act or time of flowering. 

FLOR'IN, 71. [Fr. florin; It. florino.] A coin, originally 
made at Florence. 

FI.O'RIST, 71 . [Fr.fl-euriste.] 1. A cultivator of flowers; 
one skilled in flowers. 2. One who writes a flora, or an 
account of plants. 

t FLOR'U-LENT, a. Flowery' ; blossoming. 

FLOS'CU-LAR, or FLOS'CU-LOUS, a. In botany, a flos~ 
c7ilous flower is a compound flotver, composed of flo- 
rets. 

FLOS'CULE, 71. [L. floscuhis.] In botany, a partial or lesser 
floret of an aggregate flotver. 

FLOS FER-RI, n. [L.] A mineral, a variety of arragonite, 
called coralloidal arrag07iite. 

FLOSS, 71 . [L./U 5 .] A downy or silky substance in the 
husks of certain plants. Tooke. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, T, 0, C, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT 3 --PREY PIN, MARINE, BiRD 3 — f Obsolete. 


/ 


FLO 


347 FLU 


FLOS-SI-FI-CA'TION'j w. A flowering j expansion of flow- 
ers. [JsToveL] Med. Repos. 

FLO'TA, n, [!^p.] A fleet ; but appropriately, a fleet of 
Spanish ships which formerly sailed every year from 
Cadiz to Vera Cruz. 

FLoT'AGE, n. [Fr. flottage.] That which floats on the 
sea, or on rivers. [Little used.] 

t FLUl’E, V. t. To skim. Tusser. 

FLO-TIL'LA, n. [dim. of Jiuta.] A little fleet, or fleet of 
small vessels. 

FLOT'SAM, ) n. Goods lost by shipwreck, and floating on 

FLOT'SON, i the sea. 

f FLOT'TEN, pp. Skimmed. 

FLOUNCE, (flouns) v.i. [D. pZonssen.] 1 To throw the 
limbs and body one \vay and the other ; to spring, turn or 
twist with sudden effort or violence ; to struggle as a horse 
in mire. 2. To move with jerks or agitation. 

FLOUNCE, V. t. To deck with a flounce. 

FLOUNCE, n. A narrow piece of cloth sewed to a petti- 
coat, frock or gown, with the lower border loose and 
spreading. 

FLOUN'DER, n. [Sw.Jitindra.] A flat fish. 

FLOUN'DER, v. i. To fling the limbs and body, as in 
making eflbrts to move ; to struggle, as a horse in the 
mire j to roll, toss and tumble. 

FLOUN'DER-ING, ppr. Making irregular motions j strug- 
gling with violence. 

FLOUR, w. [originally forcer ; Fr.^eirr.j The edible part 
of corn 3 meal. 

FLOUR, V. t. [Sp. ^orear.] 1. To grind and bolt 3 to convert 
into flour. 2. To sprinkle with flour. 

FLOURED, pp. Converted into flour 3 sprinkled with 
flour. 

FLOUR'ING, ppr. Converting into flour 3 sprinkling with 
flour. 

FLOURTSH, (flur'isli) v.i. [L.floresco.^ 1. To thrive 3 to 
grow luxuriantly 3 to increase and enlarge, as a jiealthy, 
growing plant. 2. To be prosperous 3 to increase in 
wealtli or honor. 3. 3'o grow in grace and in good 
works 3 to abound in the consolations of religion. 4. To 
be in a prosperous state 3 to grow or be augmented. 5. 
To use florid language 3 to make a display of figures and 
lofty expressions 3 to be copious and flowery. 6 . To make 
bold strokes in writing 3 to make large and irregular lines. 
7. To move or play in bold and irregular figures. — 8 . In 
miisic, to play with bold and irregular notes, or without 
settled form. 9. To boast 3 to vaunt 3 to brag. 

FL 6 UR'iSlI, (flur'ish) v. t. 1. To adorn with flowers or 
beautiful figures, either natural or artificial 3 to ornament 
with any thing show'y. 2 . To spread out 3 to enlarge into 
figures. 3. To move in bold or irregular figures 5 to move 
in circles or vibrations by way of show or triumph 3 to 
brandish. 4. To embellish with the flowers of diction 5 
to adorn with rhetorical figures 3 to grace wuth ostenta- 
tious eloquence 5 to set off with a parade of words. .5. To 
adorn 3 to embellish. Shak. 6 . To mark witJi a flourish 
or irregular stroke. 

FL6UK'1SH, (flur'ish) v. 1. Beauty 3 showy splendor. 2. 
Ostentatious embellishment 3 ambitious copiousness or am- 
plification 5 parade of w'ords and figures 3 show. 3. Fig- 
ures formed by bold, irregular lines, or fanciful strokes of 
the pen or graver. 4. A brandishing 3 the waving of a 
weapon or other thing. 

FLOUR'tSHED, (flur'isht) pp. Embellished 3 adorned with 
bold and irregular figures or lines 3 brandished. 

FLOUR'ISH-ER, (flur ish-er) 7i. 1. One who flourishes 3 
one who thrives or prospers. 2. One who brandishes. 
3. One who adorns with fanciful figures. 

FLOUR'ISH-ING, (flur ish-ing) ppr. or a. Thriving 3 pros- 
perous 3 increasing 3 making a show. 

FL 6 UR'ISH-ING-LY, (flur ish-ing-ly) adv. With flour- 
ishes 3 ostentatiously. 

FLOUT, V. t. [Scot, flrjtc.] To mock or insult 3 to treat 
with contempt. Walton. 

FLOUT, V. i. To practice mocking 3 to sneer 3 to behave 
w’ith contempt. 

FLOUT, 71. A mock 5 an insult. 

FLOUT^ED, pp. Mocked 3 treated with contempt. 

FLOUT'ER, n. One who flouts and flings 3 a mocker. 

FLOUT'ING, ppr. Mocking 3 insulting; fleering. 

FLOUT'ING-LY, ado. With flouting 3 insultingly. 

FLOW, r. {. [S?LX.Jluwan.] 1. To move along an inclined 
plane, or on descending ground, by the operation of grav- 
ity, and with a continual change of place among the par- 
ticles or parts, as a fluid. 2. To melt 3 to become liquid. 
3. To proceed 3 to issue. 4. To abound 3 to have in 
abundance. 5. To be full 3 to be copious 3 a.s,Jlorcing cups 
or goblets. 6 . To glide along smoothly, without harsh- 
ness or asperity. 7. To be smooth, as composition or 
utterance. 8 . To hang loose and waving. 9. To rise, as 
the tide 3 opposed to ebb. 10 . To move in the arteries 
and veins of the body 3 to circulate, as blood. 11. To 
issue, as rays or beams of light. 12. To move in a stream, 
as air. 


FLOW, V. t. To cover with water 3 to overflow : to ihtfll' 
date. 

FLoW, 71. 1. A stream of water or other fluid 3 a current/ 
2. A current of water with a swell or rise. 3. A stream 
of any thing. 4. Abundance 3 copiousness with action# 
5. A stream of diction, denoting abundance of words at 
command, and facility of speaking 3 volubility. C. Free 
expression or communication of generous feelings and 
sentiments. 

FLOWED, pp. Overflowed 3 inundated. 

FLOW'ER, n. [Fr.Jieur ; ^p.flor.] 1 . In botany, that part 
of a plant which contains the organs of fructification, with 
their coverings. — 2. In vulgar acceptation, a blossom or 
flower is the flower-bud of a plant, when the petals are 
expanded. 3. 'J'he early part of life, or rather of man- 
hood 3 the prime 3 youthful vigor 3 youth. 4. 1 he l)est or 
finest part of a thing 3 the most valuable part. 5. I'he 
finest part 3 the essence. 6 . He or that which is most 
distinguished for any thing valuable. 7. The finest part 
of grain pulverized. In this sense, it is now always 
written Jlour, which see. — Floxcers. 1. In rhctcriq, fig- 
ures and ornaments of discourse or composition. 2. Men- 
strual discharges. 

FLOW'ER, V. i. 1. To blossom : to bloom 3 to expand the 
petals, as a plant. 2. To be in the prime and spring of 
life 3 to flourish 3 to be youthful, fresh and vigorous. 3. 
To froth 3 to ferment gently 3 to mantle, as new beer. 
4. To come as cream from the surface. 

FLOW'ER, V. t. To embellish with figures of flowers ; to 
adorn with imitated flow'ers. 

FLOW'ER-AGE, n. Store of flowers. Diet. 

FLOW'ER-DE-LIS, n. [Fr.Jieurdclis.] 1. In heraldry, n 
bearing representing a lily, the hieroglyphic of royal ma- 
jesty. — 2. In botany, the iris, a genus of movogynian tri- 
anders, called, also, Jiag-Jiower, a-iid often written, incor- 
rectly, ^e?ccr-<Ze-Zuce. 

FLOV^ 'ERED, pp. Embellished with figures of flowers. 

FLOW'ER-ET, n. [Fr.Jleurette.] A small flower 3 a floret, 
Dnyden . 

FLOW'ER-FENCE, n. The name of certain plants. 

FLOW'ER-GAR-DEN, n. A garden in which flowers are 
chiefly cultivated. 

FI/OW'ER-GEN-TLE, n. A plant, the amaranth. 

FLOW'ER-I-NESS, 7 i. 1. The state of being flowery, or 
of abounding with flowers. 2. Floridness of speech ; 
abundance of figures. 

FLOW'ER-ING, ppr. 1. Blossoming 3 blooming; expand- 
ing the petals, as plants. 2. Adorning with artificial 
flowers, or figures of blossoms. 

FLOVV'ER-ING, n. 1. The season when plants blossom. 
2. The act of adorning wuth flov/ers. 

FLOW'ER-ING-BUSH, n. A plant. 

FLOVV'ER-IN-Wd'VEN, a. Adorned with flowers. 

FLOW'ER-KiR-TLED, a. Dressed with garlands of flow- 
ers. Milton. 

FLOW'ER-LESS, a. Having no flower. Chaucer. 

FLOW'ER-STALK, n. In botany, the peduncle of a plant, 
or tlie stem that supports the flower. 

FLOW'ER-Y, a. 1. Full of flowers 3 abounding with blos- 
soms. 2. Adorned with artificial flowers, or the figures 
of blossoms. 3. Richly embellished with figurative lan- 
guage 3 florid. 

FLoVV'ING, ppr. Moving as a fluid 3 issuing 3 proceeding; 
abounding 3 smooth, as style 3 inundating. 

FLoW'ING, n. The act of running or moving as a fluid ; 
an issuing ; an overflowing ; rise of water. 

FLoW'ING-LY, adv. With volubility 3 with abundance. 

FLoW'ING-NESS, n. Smoothness of diction 3 stream of 
diction. Michels. 

FLOWK, or FLUKE, n. [Sax. j?oc.] A flounder. Carew. 

FLOWK'WoRT, 71. A plant. 

FLoWN, pp. of fly. 

FLu'ATE, 71. In chemistry, a salt formed by the fluoric 
acid combined with a base. 

FLU€'TU-ANT, a. [~L. fluctuans.^ Moving like a wave ; 
w’avering; unsteady. L’Estrange. 

FLU€'TU-ATE, v. i. [L. fluctuo.] 1. To move as a wave ; 
to roll hither and thither 3 to wave. 2 . To float back- 
ward and forward, as on waves. 3. To move now in 
one direction and now in another; to be wavering or un- 
steady. 4. To be irresolute or undetermined. 5. To rise 
and fall 3 to be in an unsettled state 3 to experience sud- 
den vicissitudes. 

FLU€'TU-A-TING, ppr. 1. Wavering; rolling as a wave ; 
moving in this and that direction 3 rising and falling. 
2. a. Unsteady; wavering 3 changeable. 

FLU€-TU-a'TION, n. [L. fluctuatio.] 1. A motion like 
that of waves 3 a moving in this and that direction. 2. A 
wavering unsteadiness. 3. A rising and falling suddenly. 

FLUD'ER, or FLUD'DER, n. An aquatic fowl of the diver 
kind, nearly as large as a goose. 

FLuE, 72 . A passage for smoke in a chimney. 

FLuE, 72 . rG.^^a 2 im; 1>. pluma.] Soft dowm or fur 3 very- 
fine hair. [Local.'\ Tooke. 


* S$e Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE B^LL, UNITE.— € as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


FLU 


348 


FLY 


PLU-EIJLEN, n. The female speedwell, a plant. 

f FLU'ENCE, for fluency. 

FLCr'EN-CY, n. [L. fluens.'] 1. The quality of flowing, 
applied to speech or language >• smoothness ; freedom from 
harshness. 2 . Readiness of utterance j facility of words j 
volubility. 3. Affluence ; abundance j [ofo.] 

FLu'ENT, a. 1. Liquid ; flowing. 2. Flowing ; passing. 
3. Ready in the use of words ; voluble ; copious ; having 
words at command, and uttering them with facility and 
smootJiness. 4. Flowing j voluble ; smooth. 

FLu'ENT, n, 1. A stream ; a current of water ; [little 
2. The variable or flowing quantity in fluxions. 

FLu'ENT-LY, adv. With ready flow 3 volubly 3 without 
hesitation or obstruction. 

FLu'GEL-MAN, n. [G.] In German, the leader of a file. 
But with tis, a soldier who stands on the wing of a body 
of men, and gives the time for the motions. 

FLtj'ID, a. [Li. fluidus.'j Having parts which easily move 
and change their relative position without separation, and 
which easily yield to pressure 3 that may flow 3 liquid, as 
water, spirit, air. 

FLu'ID, 71. Any substance whose parts easily move and 
change their relative position without separation, and 
which yields to the slightest pressure. 

FLU-IDfl-TY, n. The quality of being capable of flowing 3 
that quality of bodies which renders them impressible to 
the slightest force, and by which the parts easily move or 
change their relative position without a separation of the 
mass 5 a liquid state. 

FLu'ID-NESS, 71. The state of being fluid 3 fluidity, which 
see. 

FLUKE, 71. The part of an anchor which fastens in the 
ground. 

FLUKE, or FLOWK, n. A flounder. 

FLuKE'-WoRM, 71. The gourd-worm, a sjiccies of /ascioZ< 7 . 

FLUIME, 71. [Sax. Jl7im.] The passage or channel for the 
water that drives a mill-wheel. 

FLUM'MER-Y, n. [W. llymry.] 1. A sort of jelly made of 
flour or meal ; pap. — 2. In vulgar iLse, any thing insipid 
or nothing to the purpose 5 flattery. 

FLUNG, pret. and pp. of fling. 

FLU-O-Bo'RATE, 71. A compound of fluoboric acid with a 
base. 

FLU-O-Bo'RIG, a. 'The fluohoric acid or gas is a compound 
of fluorine and boron. Davy. 

FLU'OR, [Low L.] 1. A duidstate. 2. Menstrual flux. 
— 3. In mineralogy, fluate of lime. 

FLu'OR-AC-ID, 71. The acid of fluor. 

FLu'OR-A-TED, a. Combined with fluoric acid. 

FLU-OR'IC, a. Pertaining to fluor. 

FLu'OR-IN, ) 71. The supposed basis of fluoric acid. 

FLfVOR-INE, j Davy. 

FLu'OR-OUS, a. The fliwrous acid is the acid of fluor in 
its first degree of oxygenation. 

FLU-O-SIL'I-CATE, n. In chemistry, a compound of flu- 
oric acid, with some other substance. Sillimaii. 

FLU-0-SI-LIC'I€, a. Composed of or containing fluoric 
acid with silex. 

FLUR. See Flurry. 

FLUR'RY, n. 1. A sudden blast or gust 3 or a light, tempo- 
rary breeze. 2. A sudden shower of short duration. 3. 
Agitation 3 commotion 3 bustle 3 hurry. 

FLUR'RY, V. t. To put in agitation 3 to excite or alarm. 

FLUSH, V. i. [G..fliessen.] 1. To flow and spread suddenly 3 
to rush. 2. To come in haste 3 to start. 3. To appear 
suddenly, as redness or a blush. 4. To become suddenly 
red 3 to glow. 5. To be gay, splendid or beautiful. 

FLUSH, V. t. 1. To redden suddenly 5 to cause the blood 
to rush suddenly into the face. 2. To elate 3 to elevate 3 
to excite the spirits 3 to animate with joy. 

FLUSH, a. 1. Fresh 3 full of vigor 5 glowing 3 bright. 2. 
Affluent 3 abounding 3 well furnished. 3. Free to spend 3 
liberal 3 prodigal. 

FLUSH, n. 1. A sudden flow of blood to the face 5 or, 7nore 
generally, the redness of face which proceeds from such 
an afflux of blood. 2. Sudden impulse or excitement 3 
sudden glow. 3. Bloom 5 growth 3 abundance. 4. [Fr., 
Sp. fluz.\ A run of cards of the same suit. 5. A term for 
a number of ducks. Spe7iser. 

FliUSHED, pp. 1. Overspread or tinged with a red color 
from the flowing of blood to the face. 2. Elated 3 ex- 
cited ; animated. 

FLUSH'ER, 71. The lesser butcher-bird. 

FLUSH'ING, ppr. Overspreading with red 3 glowing. 

FLUSHTNG, n. A glow of red in the face. 

FLUSIPNESS, 71. Freshness. Bp. Oauden. 

FLUS'TER, V. t. To make hot and rosy, as with drinking 3 
to heat ; to hurry 5 to agitate 3 to confuse. 

FLUS'TER, V. i. To be in a heat or bustle ; to be agitated. 

FLUS'TER, n. Heat ; glow 3 agitation 3 confusion 3 disorder. 

FLUS'TERED, pp. Heated with liquor 5 agitated 3 confused. 

FLUTE, n. [Fr. fliite.] 1. A small wind instrument ; a 
pipe with lateral holes or stops, played by blowing with 
the mouth, and by stopping and opening the holes with 


the fingers. 2. A channel in a column or pillar 3 a perpen- 
dicular furrow or cavity, cut along the shaft of a column 
or pilaster. 3. A long vessel or boat, with flat ribs qr 
floor timbers. 

FLUTE, V. i. To play on a flute. Chaucer. 

FLUTE, V. t. To form flutes or channels in a column. 

FLuT'ED, pp. or a. I. Channeled 3 furrowed. — 2. In music, 
thin 3 fine 3 flutelike. Busby. 

FLUTTER, 71. One who plays on the flute. Chaucer. 

FLuTTNG, ppr. Channeling 3 cutting furrows 3 as in a 
column. 

FLuT'ING, 71. A channel or furrow in a column 3 fluted 
work. 

FLuTTST, 71. A performer on the flute. Busby. 

FLUT TER, V. i. [Sax. flotcra7i.'\ 1. To move or flap the 
wings rapidly, without flying, or with short flights 3 to 
hover. 2. To move about briskly, irregularly or with 
great bustle and show, without consequence. 3. To move 
with quick vibrations or undulations. 4. To be in agita- 
tion 3 to move irregularly 3 to fluctuate 3 to be in uncer- 
tainty. 

FLUT^TER, V. t. 1. To drive in disorder. 2. To hurry 
the mind 3 to agitate. 3. To disorder 3 to throw into 
confusion. 

FLUT'TER, 71. 1. Quick and irregular motion 3 vibration 5 
undulation. 2. Hurry 3 tumult 5 agitation of the mind. 
3. Confusion 3 disorder 3 irregularity in position. 

FLUT'TERED, 'T?/;. Agitated 5 confused 5 disordered. 

FLUT'TER-ING, ppr. Flapping the wings without flight 
or with short flights ; hovering 5 agitating. 

FLUT'TER-ING, 71. The act of hovering, or flapping the 
wings without flight ; a wavering 3 agitation. 

FLU-Vl-AT'I€, j a. [L. fluviaticus.] Belonging to rivers 3 

FLu'VI-AL, I growing or living in streams or ponds. 

FLu'VI-A-TILE, a. [L. fluviatilis.] Belonging to rivers. 
Kirican. 

FLUX, r?. [L.^ttxiw.] 1. The act of flowing 3 the motion 
or passing of a fluid. 2. The moving or passing of any 
thing in continued succession. 3. Any flow or issue of 
matter. — In medicine, an extraordinary issue or evacua- 
tion. — 1. In hydrographij, the flow of the tide. — 5. In 
77}ctallurgy, any substance or mixture used to promote the 
fusion of metals or minerals. 6 . Fusion ; a liquid stale 
from the operation of heat. 7. That which flows or is 
discharged. 8 . Concourse 3 confluence 3 [little used.] 

FLUX, a. Flowing; moving 3 maintained by a constant 
succession of parts 3 inconstant 3 variable. [.Yot well au- 
thorized.] 

FLUX, t. 1. To melt ; to fuse 3 to make fluid. 2. To 
salivate ; [little used.] South. 

FLUX-a'TION, 71. A flowing or passing away, and giving 
place to others. Leslie. 

FLUXED, pp. Melted 3 fused 3 reduced to a flowing state. 

FLUX-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of admitting fusion. 

FLUXT-BLE, a. Capable of being melted or fused. 

FLUX-IL'I-TY, 71. [Low L. fluxilis.] The quality of ad- 
mitting fusion 3 possibility of being fused or liquefied. 

FLUX'ION, R. [L.fluxio.] 1. The act of flovying. 2. The 
matter that flows. — 3. Fluximis, in 7nathematics , the analy- 
sis of infinitely small variable quantities, or a method of 
finding an infinitely small quantity, which being taken an 
infinite number of times, becomes equal to a quantity given. 

FLUX'ION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to mathematical fluxions. 

FLUX'ION-IST, 71. One skilled in fluxions. Berkeley. 

t FLUXTVE, a. Flowing 3 wanting solidity. B. Jonso7i. 

t FLUX'URE, n. A flowing or fluid jnatter. Draryton. 

FLY, V. i. ,* pret. fletc ^axt. floiC7i. [Sax.fleoga7i.] 1. To 
move through a*ir by the aid of wings, as fowls. 2. To 
pass or move in air, by the force of wind or other impulse. 
3 . To rise in air. 4. To move or pass with velocity or 
celerity, either on land or water. 5. To move rapidly, in 
any manner. 6. To pass away 3 to depart ; with the idea 
of haste, swiftness or escape. 7. To pass rapidly, as time. 
Swift the fleeting hours. 8 . To part suddenly or with 
violence ; to burst, as a bottle. 9. To spring by an elastic 
force. 10. To pass swiftly, as rumor or report. 11. To 
flee 3 to run away ; to attempt to escape 3 to escape. 12 . 
To flutter ; to vibrate or play. 

7'ofiy at, to spring towards 3 to rush on ; to fall on sudden- 
ly. — To fly in the face. 1. To insult. 2. To assail : to re- 
sist 3 to set at defiance ; to oppose with violence 3 to act 
in direct opposition. — To fly off. 1. To separate or depart 
suddenly. 2. To revolt. — To fly open, to open .suddenly 
or with violence. — To fly out. 1. To rush out 3 also, to 
burst into a passion. 2. To break out into license. 3. 
To start or issue with violence from any direction. — To 
let fly. 1. To discharge ; to throw or drive with violence. 
— 2. In seamanship, to let go suddenly. 

FLY, V. t. ]. To shun ; to avoid ; to decline. 2. To quit 
by flight. 3. To attack by a bird of prey 3 [ois.] 4. To 
cause to float in the air. 

FLY, 71 . [Sax.fleoge.] 1. In zoology, a winged insect of 
various species. — 2. In mechamics, a cross with leaden 
weights at the ends. 3. That part of a vane which points 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, AYHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Cbsolcte. 


FOE 


349 


FOL 


and shows which way the wind blows. 4. The extent 
of an ensign, flag or pendant from the staff to the end that 
llutters loose in the wind. 

FLY'BAxVE, n. A plant called catch-fly. 

FLA'IUT-TEN, a. Marked by the bite of flies. Shak. 

FLY'BLoVV, V. t. To deposit an egg in any thing, as a fly j 
to taint with the eggs which produce maggots. 

FL'f'BLoVV, 71. The egg of a fly. 

FL^'BoAT, n. A large, llat-bottomed Dutch vessel. 

FLS'6ATCH-ER, n. 1. One that hunts flies. — 2. In zoolo- 
gy ^ a genus of birds, the rnuscicapa. Kncyc. 

FLA'ER, n. 1. One that flies or flees ; usually written 
2. One that uses wings. 3. The fly of a jack. — 4. In ar- 
chitecture^ stairs that do not wind, but are made of an ob- 
long square figure. 5. A performer in Mexico, who flies 
round an elevated post. 

FLY'FISH, V. i. To angle with flies for bait. 

FL’f'FlSH-ING, n. Angling ; the art of“ angling for fish 
with flies, natural or artificial, for bail. 

FLY'FLAP, 71. Something to drive away flies. Congreve. 

FLY-IloN'EY-SUO-KLE, ?i. A plant, the lonicera. 

FLY'ING, ppr. 1. Moving in air by means of wings ; pass- 
ing rapidly ; springing ; bursting ; avoiding. 2. a. Float- 
ing ; waving. 3. a. Moving ; light, and suited for prompt 
motion. — Flying colors, a phrase expressing triumph. 

FLY'ING-BRIDgE, n. A bridge of pontoons also, a bridge 
composed of two boats. 

FLY'IiVG-FlSH, n. A small fish which flies by means of 
its pectoral fins. It is of the genus exoccetus. 

FLY'ING-PAR-TY, n. In military affairs, a detachment of 
men employed to hover about an enemy. 

FLY'ING-PJN'ION, 71. The part of a clock, having a fly or 
faji, by which it gathers air. 

FLY'-TRAP, 77. In botany, a species of sensitive plant. 

FLY'-TREE, 71. A tree whose leaves are said to produce 
flies, from a little bag on the surface. 

FoAL, 71. [Sax. fola, foie.] The young of the equine ge- 
nus of quadiupeds, and of either sex ; a colt ; a filly. 

FoAL, 77. t. To bring forth a colt or filly ; to bring forth 
young, as a mare or a sh e-ass. 

FoAL, 77. i. To bring forth young, as a mare and certain 
other beasts. 

FoAL-BIT, 77. A plant. 

FoAL'FOOT, 77. The colt’s-foot, tussilago. 

FoAM, 77*. ’[Sax. /<cm, /a777.] Froth ; spume ; the substance 
which is formed on the surface of liquors by fermentation 
or violent agitation, consisting of bubbles. 

FoAM, 77. 7. 1. To froth ; to gather foam. 2. To be in a 
rage ; to be violently agitated. 

FoAIM, 77. t. To throw out with rage or violence. 

FoAM'ING, ppr. Frothing ; fuming. 

FoAM'[NG-LY, adv. Frothily. 

FoAM'Y, a. Covered with foam ; frothy. 

FOB, 77. [qu. G.fuppe.] A little pocket for a watch. 

FOB, 77. t. [G. foppen.] To cheat ; to trick ; to impose on. 
— To fob off, to shift off by an artifice ; to put aside j to 
delude with a trick. [j 1 low word.] Shak. 

FOBBED, pp. Cheated ; imposed on. 

FOB'BiNG, ppr. Cheating ; imposing on. 

FO'CAL, a. \G. focus.] Belonging to a focus. 

FO'CIL, 77. \Yr. focile.] The greater focil is the ulna or 
tibia, the greater bone of the fore-arm or leg. The lesser 
focil is the radius or fibula, the lesser bone of the fore-arm 
or leg. 

t FOC-IL-La'TION, 77. \li. focillo.] Comfort; support. 

FO'CUS, 77.,' plu. Focuses, or Foci. [L. /oc7/s.] 1. In 
optics, a point in which any number of rays of light meet, 
after being reflected or refracted. — 2. In geometry and 
conic sections, a certain point in the parabola, ellipsis and 
hyperbola, where rays reflected from all parts of these 
curves concur or meet. 3. A central point ; point of 
concentration. 

FOD'DER, 77. [Sax. foddor, or fother.] 1. Food or dry food 
for cattle, horses and sheep, as hay, straw and other kinds 
of vegetables. — 2. In mining, a measure containing 20 
hundred, or 22^ hundred. 

FOD'DER, 77. t. To feed with dry food or cut grass, &c. ; to 
furnish with hay, straw, oats, &c. 

FOD'DERED, pp. Fed with dry food, or cut grass. 

FOD'DER-ER, n. He who fodders cattle. 

FOD'DER-ING, ppr. Feeding with dry food, &c. 

Fo'DI-ENT, a. [L. fodio, to dig.] Digging ; throwing up 
with a spade. [Little used.] 

FoE, (fb) 77. [Sax. /a/7.] 1. An enemy ; one who entertains 
personal enmity, hatred, grudge or malice against another. 
2. An enemy in war ; one of a nation at war with another ; 
an adversary. 3. Foe, like enemy, in the singular, is used 
to denote an opposing army, or nation at war. 4. An op- 
ponent ; an enemy ; one who opposes anything in princi- 
ple ; an ill-wisher. 

t FoE, 77. t. To treat as an enemy. Spenser. 

t FoE'flOOD, 77. Enmity. Bedell. 

FoE'LTKEi, a. Like an enemy. Sandys. 

fFOE'MAN, 77. An enemy in war. Spenser. 


FCE'TUS. See Fetus. 

FOG, 77. [It. sfogo.] 1. A dense, watery vapor, exhaled 
from the earth, or from rivers and lakes, or generated in 
the atmosphere near the earth. 2. A cloud of dust or 
smoke. 

FOG, 77. [W./70^.] After-grass; a second growth of grass ; 
but it signifies, also, long grass that remains on land. Dead 
grass, remaining on land during winter, is called, in JYeio 
F.ngland, the old tore. 

FOG, 77. t. To overcast ; to darken. Sherwood. 

FOG, 77. 7 . [Fr. vogue.] To have powers Milton. 

FOG'BANK, 77. At sea, an appearance, in hazy weather, 

sometimes resembling land at a distance, but which van- 
ishes as it is approached. 

FOG'GAGE, 77 . Rank grass not consumed or mowed in 
summer. Encyc. 

FOG'GI-LY, adv. Mistily ; darkly ; cloudily. 

FOG'G [-NESS, 77. The state of being foggy ; a state of the 
air filled with watery exhalations. 

FOG 'GY, a. 1. Filled or abounding with fog or watery ex- 
halations. 2. Cloudy ; misty ; damp with humid vapors. 
3. Producing frequent fogs. 4. Dull ; stupid ; clouded in 
understanding. 

FOH, an exclamation of abhorrence or contempt ; the same 
as poll and fy. 

t FOl'BLE, a. Weak. Herbert. 

FOI'BI.E, 77 . [Fr. foible.] A particular moral weakness ; a 


failing. 

FOIL, 77. t. [In Norm, afolee.] 
to render vain or nugatory, as 


To blunt ; to dull. 3. To defeat ; 


1. To frustrate ; to defeat ; 
an effort or attempt. 2. 
to interrupt, or to ren- 
der imperceptible. 

FOIL, 77 . Defeat ; frustration ; the failure of success when 
on the point of being secured ; miscarriage. 

FOIL, 77 . [W./7777//.] A blunt sword, or one that has a but- 
ton at the end covered with leather ; used in fencing. 

FOIL, 77 . [Fr./c777//e ; It./o^/?a.] 1. A leaf or thin plate of 
metal used in gilding. — 2. Among jewelers, a thin leaf of 
metal placed under precious stones, to make them appear 
transparent, and to give them a particular color. 3. Any 
thing of another color, or of different qualities, wliich 
serves to adorn, or set off another thing to advantage. 4. 
A thin coat of tin, with quicksilver, laid on the back of a 
looking-glass, to cause reflection. 

FOIL'A-BLE, a. Which may be foiled. Cotgrave. 

FOILED, pp. Frustrated ; defeated. 

FOIL'ER, 77 . One who frustrates another, and gains an ad- 
vantage himself. 

FOIL'ING, ppr. Defeating ; frustrating ; disappointing of 
success • 

FOIL'ING, 77. Among hunters, the slight mark of a passing 
deer on the grass. Todd. 

FOIN, 77 . t. [Fr. poindre.] 1. To push in fencing. Spenser, 
2. To prick ; to sting ; \not in use.] 

FOIN, 77 . 7 . [Fr. poindre.] To push in fencing. Spenser. 

FOIN, 77. A push ; a thrust. Robinson. 

FOINTNG, ppr. Pushing ; thrusting. 

FOIN'ING-LY, adv. In a pushing manner. 

fFOIS'ON, 77. [Ju.fusio.] Plenty; abundance. 

FOIST, 77 . t. To insert surreptitiously, wrongfully, or with- 
out warrant. 

t FOIST, 77 . A light and fast-sailing ship. Beaumont. 

FOIST, 77. 7. To slink ; to be fusty. 

FOIST'ED,p 2 >. Inserted wrongfully. 

FOIST'ER, 77 . One who inserts without authority. 

FOIST'IED, a. Mustied. See Fusty. 

FOISTT-NESS, n. Fustiness, which see. 

FOIST'ING, ppr. Inserting surreptitiously or without au- 
thority. 

FOIST'Y, a. Fusty, which see. 

Fold, n. [Sax. fald, falde.] 1. A pen or inclosure for 
sheep ; a place where a flock of sheep is kept, whether in 
the field or under shelter. 2. A flock of sheep. 3. A 
Hmit ; [77ol in 775C.] 

Fold, n. [Sax. feald.] 1. The doubling of any flexible 
substance, as cloth ; complication ; a plait ; one part turn- 
ed or bent and laid on another. — 2. In composition, the 
same quantity added ; as four-fold. 

Fold, v. t. [Sax./eaWarr.] 1. To double ; to lap or lay in 
plaits. 2. To double and insert one part in another. 3. 
To double or lay together, as the arms. 4. To confine 
sheep in a fold. 

Fold, v. i. To close over another of the same kind. 

FoLD'AGE, 77. The right of folding sheep. 

FOLD'ED, pp. Doubled ; laid in plaits ; kept in a fold. 

FoLD'ER, 77. 1. An instrun:ent used in folding paper. 2. 
One that folds. 

Ff)LD'ING, ppr. 1. Doubling; laying in plaits ; keeping in 
a fold. 2. a. Doubling; that may close over another, or 
that consists of leaves which may close one over another. 

FoLD'ING, 77. 1. A fold; a doubling.— 2. Among /arTner^, 
the keeping of sheep in inclosures. 

FO-LI-a'CEOUS, a. [L. foliacejis.] 1. Leafy ; having 
leaves intermixed with flowers. Foliaceous glands are 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete 


FOL 


350 


FOO 


those situated on leaves. 2. Consisting of leaves or thin 
lamins j having the form of a leaf or plate. 

rO -LI-ACE, n. [Fr. feuillage.] 1. Leaves in general. 2. 
A cluster of leaves, flowers and branches. 

FO'LI-ACE, V. t. To work or to form into the representa- 
tion of leaves. Drummond. 

Fo'Ll-ACrED, a. Furnished with foliage. Shenstone. 

FO'L[-ATE, V. t. [L. foliatus.] 1. To beat into a leaf, or 
thin plate or lam in. 2. To spread over with a thin coat 
of tin and quicksilver, &c. 

Fo'LL-ATE, (u In l/otany, leafy ; furnished with leaves. 

Fo'L[-A-TED, pp. 1. Spread or covered with a thin plate 
or foil. — 2. in mineralogy ^ consisting of plates ; resembling 
or in the form of a plate j lamellar. 

Fo'LI-A-Tli\'G, ppr. Coveting with a leaf or foil. 

FO-LI-a'TION, n. foliatio.] 1. In botany^ the leafing 
of plants ; vernation j the disposition of the nascent 
leaves within the bud. 2. The act of beating a metal into 
a thin plate, leaf or foil. 3. The act or operation of spread- 
ing foil over the back side of a mirror or looking-glass. 

Fo'Ei-A-TCEE, n. The state of being beaten into foil. 

Fo'Ll-ER, n. Goldsmith’s foil. 

FO-LIF'Ell-OUS, a. [L. folium^ leaf, and /ero, to bear.] 
Producing leaves. 

FO'Ll-O, n. [L. foUum.'\ 1. A book of the largest size, 
formed by once doubling a sheet of paper. — 2. Among 
merchants^ a page, or rather both the right and left hand 
pages of an account-book, expressed by the same figure. 

Fo'Ll-OLE, n. A leaflet ; one of the single leaves, which 
together constitute a compound leaf. 

Fo'Ll-O-MORT, a. [\j. folium mart uum. "I Of a dark yellow 
color, or that of a faded leaf ; filemot. 

Fo'LI-OT, n. [li. foletto.l A kind of demon. Burton. 

FO'LI-OUri, a. 1. Leafy ; thin ; unsubstantial. Brown . — 

2. In botany^ having leaves intermixed witli the flowers. 

Folk, (foke) n. [Sax.folc ; D. volk ; G. volk ; Sw.folck ; 
Dan. fuLk.j 1. People in general, or any part of them 
without distinction. 2. Certain people, discriminated 
from others ; as old folks^ and young folks. — 3. In Scrip- 
ture, the singular number is used j as, a few sick folk. 4. 
Animals. Proo. xxx. 

FoLK'LAND, (foke'land) n. [Sax. folcland.] In English 
la>D, copyhold land ; land held by the common people, at 
the will of the lord. 

FoLK'MOTE, (foke'mote) w. [Sax. /oZcwote.] An assembly 
of the people, to consult respecting public aflaii-s. 

FOL'LI-CLE, n. {h. folliculus.] 1. In botany, a univalvu- 
lar pericarp ; a seed vessel. 2. An air bag 3 a vessel dis- 
tended with air. 3. A little bag, in animal bodies j a 
gland 3 a folding 3 a cavity. 

FOL-LiG'U-LOUS, a. Having or producing follicles. 

I FOL'LI-FIJL, a. Full of folly. Shenstone. 

t FOL'LI-LY, ado. Foolishly. WickUffc. 

FOL'LoW, V. t. [Sax. folgian, filian, fylgan."^ 1. To go 
after or behind 5 to walk, ride or move behind, but in 
the S^me direction. 2. To pursue 3 to chase. 3. To ac- 
company 3 to attend in a journey. 4. To accompany 3 to 
be of the same company 5 to attend, for any purpose. 5. 
To succeed in order of time 3 to come after. 6. To be 
consequential 3 to result from, as effect from a cause. 7. 
To result from, as an inference or deduction. 8. To pur- 
sue with the eye 3 to keep the eyes fixed on a moving 
body. 9. To imitate 3 to copy. 10. To embrace 3 to 
adopt and maintain 3 to have or entertain like opinions 3 
to think or believe like another. 11. To obey 3 to observe 3 
to practice 3 to act in conformity to. 12. To pursue as an 
object of desire 3 to endeavor to obtain. 13. To use 3 to 
practice 3 to make the chief business. 14. To adhere to 3 
to side with. 15. To adhere to ; to honor 3 to worship 3 
to serve. 16. To be led or guided by. 17. To move on 
in the same course or direction 3 to be guided by. 

FOL'LoVV. V. i. 1. To come after another. 2. To attend 3 
to accompany. 3. To be posterior in time. 4. To be con- 
sequential, as effect to cause. 5. To result, as an infer- 
ence. — To folloio on, to continue pursuit or endeavor 3 to 
persevere. 

FOL'LoWED, pp. Pursued 5 succeeded 3 accompanied 5 
attended 3 imitated 3 obeyed 5 observed 3 practiced 3 ad- 
hered to. 

FOL'LdW-ER, n. 1. One who comes, goes or moves after 
another, in the same course. 2. One that takes another 
as his guide in doctrines, opinions or example. 3. One 
who obeys, worships and honors. 4. An adherent 3 a 
disciple 3 one who embraces the same system. 5. An at- 
tendant 3 a companion 3 an associate or a dependent. 6. 
One under the command of another. 7. One of the same 
faction or j)arty. 

FOL'LdVV-ING, ppr. Coming or going after or behind 3 
pursuing 5 attending 5 imitating 3 succeeding in time 3 re- 
sulting from 3 adhering to ; obeying 3 observing 3 using 3 
practicing 3 proceeding in the same course. 

FOL'LY, n. [Fr. /oZic.] 1. Weakness of intellect 5 imbecili- 
ty of mind 5 want of understanding. 2. A weak or absurd 
act not highly criminal 3 an imprudent act. 3. An absurd 


act which is highly sinful 3 any conduct contrary to the 
laws of God or man 3 sin 3 scandalous crimes. Bible. 4 . 
Criminal weakness 3 depravity of mind. 

FO'M A-IL\NT, n. A star of the first magnitude, in the con- 
stellation aquarius. 

FO-MENT', V, t. \1j. fomento.'] 1. To apply warm lotions 
to 3 to bathe with warm liquors. 2. To cherish with heat ; 
to encourage growth. 3. To encourage 3 to abet 3 to 
cherish and promote by excitements. 

FO-MEN-TA'TION, n. 1. The act of applying warm liquors 
to a part of the body, by means of flannels. 2. The lotion 
applied, or to be applied, to a diseased part. 3. Excita- 
tion 3 instigation 3 encouragement. 

FO-MEj\T'ED, pp. Bathed with warm lotions 3 encouraged. 

FO-MENT'ER, n. One who foments 3 one who encourages 
or instigates. 

FO-.MENT'ING, pp*. 1. Applying warm lotions. 2. En- 
couraging 3 abetting 3 promoting. 

f FON, n. [Chaucer, /orwe.] A fool 3 an idiot. 

jpOND, a. [Chaucer, /o7t«c, a fool 3 Scot, /on.] 1. Foolish 3 
silly 3 w^eak 5 indiscreet 3 imprudent. 2. Foolishly ten- 
der and loving 3 doting 3 weakly indulgent. 3. Much 
pleased 3 loving ardently 3 delighted with. 4. Relishing 
highly. 5. Trifling 3 valued by folly 3 [little used.] 

FOATd, V. t. To treat with great indulgence or tenderness 3 
to caress 3 to cocker. 

FOND, V. i. To be fond of 3 to be in love with 3 to dote on. 
[Little used.] Sliak. 

FON'DLE, V. t. To treat with tenderness 5 to caress. 

FON'DLED, pp. Treated with affection 3 caressed. 

FOND'LER, n. One who fondles. 

FOND'LING, j)pr. Caressing 3 treating with tenderness. 

FONDLING, n. A person or thing fondled or caressed. 

FONDLY, ado. 1. Foolishly 3 weakly 3 imprudently 3 with 
indiscreet affection. 2. With great or extreme affection. 

FOND'NESS, w. 1. Foolishness 3 weakness 3 want of sense 
or judgment 3 [ois.] 2. Foolish tenderness. 3. Tender 
passion 3 warm affection. 4. Strong inclination or pro- 
pensity. 5. Strong appetite or relish. 

fFONE, pi. of foe. Spenser. 

FONT, 71 . [Fr. fonts ; Sp. fuente ; It. fonte ; L. fons.] A 
large basin or stone vessel, in which water is contained 
for baptizing children or other persons in the church. 

FONT, n. [Fr. foiitc.] A complete assortment of printing 
types of one size. 

FONT'AL, a. Pertaining to a fount, source or origin. 

FONTOX-NEL, n. 1. An issue for the discharge of humors 
from the body. 2. A vacancy in the infant cranium. 

FON-TXNGE', (fon-tanj') n. [Fr.] A knot of ribbons on the 
top of a liead-dress. Addison. 

FOOD, 71 . [Sax. fod,foda.] 1. In a general sense, whatever 
is eaten by animals for nourishment, and whatever sup- 
plies nutriment to plants. 2. Meat 3 aliment 3 victuals 
provisions 5 whatever is or may be eaten for nourishment 

3. Whatever supplies nourishment and growth to plants. 

4. Something that sustains, nourishes and augments. 

t FOOD, V. t. To feed. Barret. 

FOOD'FUL, a. Supplying food 3 full of food. 

FOODLESS, a. vVithout food 3 destitute of provisions-; 
barren. 

t FOOD Y, a. Eatable 3 fit for food. Chapman. 

FOOL, 7J. [Yr.fol,fou‘, It. folle.] 1. One who is destitute 
of reason, or the common powers of understanding 3 an 
idiot. — 2. In common language, a person who is some- 
what deficient in intellect, but not an idiot 3 or a person 
who acts absurdly. — 3. In Scripture, fool is often used for 
a wicked or depraved person. 4. A weak Christian 5 a 
godly person who has much remaining sin and unbelief. 
Luke, xxiv. 5. A term of indignity and reproach. 6. 
One who counterfeits folly 3 a buffoon. 

To play the fool. 1. To act the buffoon 3 to jest 3 to make 
sport. 2. To act like one void of understanding. — Toput 
the fool on, to impose on 3 to delude. — To make a fool of, 
to frustrate ; to defeat 3 to disappoint. 

FOOL, V. i. To trifle 3 to toy 3 to spend time in idleness, 
sport or mirth. 

FOOL, 7 i.t. 1. To treat with contempt 5 to disappoint 3 to 
defeat 3 to frustrate 3 to deceive 3 to impose on. 2. To 
infatuate 3 to make foolish. Shak. 3. To cheat. 

To fool aicay. 1. To spend in trifles, idleness, folly, or with- 
out advantage. 2. To spend for things of no value or use 3 
to expend improvidently. 

FOOL, n. A liquid made of gooseberries scalded and pound- 
ed, with cream. Shak. 

t FOOL-BoLD', a. Foolishly bold. Bale. 

FOOL'BORN, a. Foolish from the birth. Shak. 

FOOLED, pp. Disappointed 5 deceived 3 imposed on. 

FOOL'ER-Y, n. 1. The practice of folly 3 habitual folly; 
attention to trifles. 2. An act of folly or weakness. 3. 
Object of folly. 

FOOL'HAP-PY, a. Lucky without judgment or contriv- 
ance. Spenser. 

FOOL-HARD'I-NESS, n. Courage without sense or judg- 
ment 3 mad rashness. Dryden. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, D, Y, long . — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PR£Y 3 — PIN, MARINE, BIRD j Obsolete. 


FOO 


351 


FOR 


FOOL-HARD'ISE, n. Foolhardiness. Spenser. 
OOL-HARD'V, a. Daring without judgment j madly rash 
and adventurous ; foolislily bold. 

FOOL'lNGj Defeating; disappointing; deceiving. 

FOOLMSH, a. 1. Void of understanding or sound judgment ; 
weak in intellect. 2. Unwise; imprudent; acting with- 
out judgment or discretion in particular things. 3. Pro- 
ceeding from folly, or marked with folly; silly; vain; 
trilling. 4. Ridiculous ; despicable. — 5. In Scripture^ 
wicked ; sinful ; acting vvithoiit regard to the divine 
law and glory, or to one’s own eternal happiness. 6. 
Proceeding from depravity ; sinful - 

FOOL'ISH-LiY, adv. 1, W eakly ; without understanding 
or judgment; unwisely; indiscreetly. 2. Wickedly; 
sinfully. 

FOOL'iteH-NESS, 71. 1. Folly ; want of understanding. 2. 
Foolish practice ; want of wisdom or good judgment. — 3. 
In a Scriptural sensc^ absurdity ; folly. 

FOJLS'-€AP, V. A kind of paper of small size. 

FOOL’S-PaRS'LEY, n. A plant of the genus ccthusa. 

FOOL'SToNES, n. A plant, the orchis. 

FOOL TRAP, 11 . A trap to catch fools ; as ?i flytrap. 

FOOT, n. ,• pLu. Feet. [Sax./bl, 1. In animal bodies^ 

the lower extremity of the leg ; the part of the leg which 
treads the earth in standing or walking, and by which the 
animal is sustained and enabled to step. 2. That which 
bears some resemblance to an animal’s foot in shape or 
othce ; the lower end of ai/y thing that supports a body. 
3. The lower part ; the base. 4. The lower part ; the 
bottom. 5. Foundation ; condition ; state. 6. Plan of 
establishment ; fundamental principles. — 7. In military 
luu riia^e, soldiers wiio march and tight on foot ; infantry, 
as distinguished from cavalry. 8. A measure consisting 
of twelve inches; supposed to betaken from the length 
of a man’s foot. — 9. In puetry^ a certain number of sylla- 
bles, constituting part of a verse. 10. Step; pace. 11. 
Level; par; [o^6.] 12. The part of a stocking or boot 

wliich receives the foot. — By foot, or, rather, ou foot, by 
walking; as, to go or pass on foot. — To set on foot, to 
originate ; to begin ; to put in motion. Hence, to be on 
foot, is to be in motion. 

FOOT, V. i. 1. To dance ; to tread to measure or music ; to 
skip. 2. To walk ; opposed to ride or fly. 

FOOT, V. t. 1. To kick ; to strike with the foot ; to spurn. 
2. To settle ; to begin to fix. 3. To tread. 4. To add 
the numbers in a column, and set the sum at the foot. 5. 
To seize and hold with the foot; [not used.] 6. To add 
or make a foot. 

FOOT'BALL, tz. 1. A ball, consisting of an inflated bladder, 
cased in leather, to be driven by the foot. 2. The sport 
or practice of kicking the foot-ball. 

FOOT'BAND, n. A band of infantry. 

F06T'B0Y, n. A menial ; an attendant in livery. 

FOOT'BREADTH, 11 . The breadth of the foot. 

FOOT^BRlDGtE, n. A narrow bridge for foot passengers. 
S dripy. 

FOOT'ULOTH, n. A sumpter cloth. Shak. 

F60T/ED, pp. Kicked ; trod ; summed up ; furnished with 
a foot, as a stocking. 

F007''El), a. Shaped in the foot. Grew. 

FOOTFALL, n. A trip or stumble. Shak. 

F(!)6T FiGIlT, 77. A conflict by persons on foot. 

FOdT^G UXRDS!, 11 . plu. Guards of infantry. 

FOOT'HALT, 11. A d isease incident to sheep. 

F06T'H6LD, 71. That which sustains the feet firmly ; that 
oii which one may tread or rest securely. 

FOOTTIOT, ado. Immediately ; a wmrd boiTOwed from 
hunting. Oower. 

FOOT'ING, ppr. Dancing; treading; settling. 

F0C)TTNG, 11 . 1. Ground for the foot; that which sustains; 
firm foundation to stand on. 2. Support; root. 3. Basis; 
foundation. 4. Place; stable position. 5. Permanent set- 
tlement. G. Tread; step; walk. 7. Dance; tread to 
measure. 8. Steps ; road ; track. 9. State ; condition ; 
settlement. 

FOOTTESS, a. Without feet. 

f 60T'LI€K-ER, 71. A mean flatterer ; a sycophant ; a 
fawner. Shak. 

FOOT'MAN, 71. 1. A soldier who marches and fights on 
foot. 2. A menial servant ; a runner ; a servant in 
livery. 

FOOT'MAN-SHTP, n. The art or faculty of a runner. 

FOAT'MAN-TLE, 71. A garment to keep the gown clean 
in riding. 

FOOT'PACE, 77. A slow step, as in walking ; a broad stair. 
Johnson. 

FOOTPAD, 71. A highwayman or robber on foot. 

F66T'PATH, 77. A narrow path or way for foot passen- 
gers only. 

FOOT'PLOUGH, n. A kind of swing-plough. 

F66t Post, n. A post or messenger that travels on foot. 

FOoT'RoPE, 77. The lower boltrope. 

FOOT'ROT, V. An ulcer in the feet of sheep. 

F60T'SoLD-IER, 77. A soldjer that serves on foot. 


FOOT^STALK, 77. In botany, a petiole. 

FOOT'STALL, 77. A woman’s stirrup. Johnsons 

FOOT'STiiiP, 77. J. A track ; the mark or impression of th$ 
loot. 2. Token ; mark ; visible sign of a course pursuedv 
— Footsteps, plural. 1. Example. 2. Way ; course. 

FOOT'rfPOOL, 77. A stool for the feet ; that which supports 
the feet of one when sitting. 

FOO'l'VV A-LING, n. The whole inside planks or lining of 
a ship. 

FOP, V. [Sp. and Port, guapo.] A vain man, of weak under- 
standing and much ostentation ; one whose ambition is to 
gain admiration by showy dress and pertness ; a gay^ 
trifling man ; a coxcomb. 

t FOP'DOO-DLE, 11 . An insignificant fellow. Hudibras. 

FOP LING, 77. A petty fop. Tickell. 

FOP'PER-Y, 77. 1. Affectation of show or importance ; 
showy folly. 2. Folly; impertinence. 3. Foolery; vain 
or idle practice ; idle atfectation. 

FOPPISH, a. 1. Vain of dress; making an ostentatious 
display of gay clothing ; dressing in the extreme of fashion. 
2. Vain ; trifling ; aft'ected in manners. 

FOF'PJSIl-LY, ado. With vain ostentation of dress; in a 
trifling or affected manner. 

FOP'PttoH-NESS, 77. Vanity and extravagance in dress; 
showy vanity. 

FOR,p7*e;n [Sax./o?*, or fore ; D. voor ; G./vr and vcr ; Svv. 
for; Ban. for, for.] 1. Against; in the place of. 2. In 
the place of; instead of ; noting substitution. 3. In ex- 
change of; noting one thing taken or given in place of 
anotJier. 4. In the place of; instead of. 5. In the char- 
acter of ; noting resemblance. 6. Towards ; with the in- 
tention of going to. 7. in advantage of ; for the sake of ; 
on account of. 8. Conducive to ; beneficial to ; in favor 
of. 9. Leading or inducing to, as a motive. 10. Noting 
arrival, meeting, coming or possession. IJ. Towards the 
obtaining of ; in order to the arrival at or possession of. 
12. Against; in opposition to; with a tendency to resist 
and destroy. 13. Against or on account of; in preven- 
tion of. 14. Because ; on account of ; by reason of. 15. 
W’ith lespect or regard to ; on the part of. 16. 1 hrough 
a v,ertain space ; during a certaizi time. 17. In quest of ; 
in order to obfiiin. 18. According to ; as far as. 19. 
Noting meeting, coming together, or reception. 20. To- 
wards ; of tendency to. 21. In favor of; on the part or 
side of ; that is, towards or inclined to. 22. With a view 
to obtain ; in order to possess. 23. Towards ; with ten- 
dency to, or in favor of. 21. Notwithstanding ; against ; 
in opposition to. 25. For the use of ; to be used in ; that 
is, towards, noting advimtage. 26. In recompense of ; in 
return of. 27. In proportion to; or, rather., locking to- 
wards, regarding. 28. By means of. 29. Py the want 
of. — 30. For my life or heart, thov^h rny life were to be 
given in exchange, or as the price of purchase. — 31 . For to, 
denoting purpose ; now obsolete, except in vulgar language. 

FOR, covj. 1. The word l)y which a reason is introduced of 
something before advanced. 2. Because ; on tliis account 
that ; properly, /r;r that. — For as 7r;77cA, compounded, / ct*- 
asmuch, is equivalent to, in regard to that, in considera- 
tion of. — For ichy, [Fr. pour guci,] because ; for this reason. 

FOR, as a prefix to verbs, has usually the force of a nega- 
tive or privative, denoting against, that is, before, or 
an: ay, aside. 

FORhVGE, 77. [Fr. fovrr age '; Sp. forrage.] 1. Food of any 
kind for horses and cattle ; as, grass, pasture, hay, corn 
and oats. 2. The act of providing forage. 3. Search for 
provisions ; the act of feeding abroad. 

FOR'AGE, V. 7. 1. To collect food for horses and cattle, by 
wandering about, and feeding or stripping the country. 
2. To wander far; to rove ; [ois.] 3. To ravage; to feed 
on spoil. 

FOR' AGE, V. t. To strip of provisions for horses, 8c c. 

FOR'A-GER, 77. One that goes in search of food for horses 
or cattle. 

FOR'A-GING, ppr. or a. Collecting provisions for horses 
and cattle, or wandering in search of feed; ravaging; 
stripping. 

FOR'A-GING, 77. An incursion for forage or plunder. 

FO-RAM'IN-OUS, a. [L./ora777 e77.] Full of holes; perfora- 
ted in many places ; porous. [Little used.] 

FOR-Av«-MUCH. Sec For. 

FOR-B AD', pret. of forbid. 

t FOR-BaTHE', V. t. To bathe. Sackville. 

FOR-BEaR', V. i. ; pret. forbore ; pp. forborne. [Fax. for^ 
bceran.] 1. To stop ; to cease ; to hold from proceeding. 
2. To pause ; to dehiy. 3. To abstain ; to omit; to hold 
one’s self from motion, or entering on an affair. 4. To 
refuse; to decline. 5. To be patient; to restrain from 
action or violence. 

FOR-BEaR', 77. L 1. To avoid voluntarily ; to decline. 2. 
To abstain from ; to omit ; to avoid doing. 3. To spare ; 
to treat with indulgence and patience. 4. To withhold. 

FOR-BEaR'ANCE, 77. 1. 7'he act of avoiding, shunning 
or omitting. 2. Command of temper ; restraint of pas- 
sions. 3. The exercise of patience; long suffering; 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


FOR 


352 FOR 


Indulgence towards those who injure us j lenity ; delay of 
resentment or punishment. 

FuR-BEaR'ER, 71. One that intermits or intercepts. 

FOR-BEAR'ING, 1. Ceasing j pausing; withholding 
from action ; exercising patience and indulgence. 2. a. 
Patientj long suffering. 

FOR-BEaR'ING, n. A ceasing or restraining from action ; 
patience ; long suffering. 

FOR-BID', V. Li pret. forbad i pp. forbid, forbidden. [Sax. 
forbeodan.1 1. To prohibit ; to interdict ; to command to 
forbear or not to do. 2. To command not to enter. 3. To 
oppose ; to hinder j to obstruct. 4. To accurse ; to blast ; 
[o66‘.] 

FOR-BID', V. i. To utter a prohibition ; but, in the intransi- 
tive form, there is always an ellipsis. 

FOR-BID', or FOR-BID'DEN, pp. 1. Prohibited. 2. Hin- 
dered ; obstructed. 

FOR-BID'DANCE, n. Prohibition ; command or edict 
against a thing. [Little used.'] Shak. 

FOR-BID'DEN-LY, adv. In an unlawful manner. Shak. 

t FOR-BID'DEN-NESS, n. A state of being prohibited. 

FOR-BID*DER, n. He or that which forbids or enacts a pro- 
hibition. 

FOR-BID'DING, ppr. 1. Prohibiting ; hindering. 2. a. Re- 
pelling approach ; repulsive ; raising abhorrence, aver- 
sion or dislike ; disagreeable. 

FOR-BID'DING, /}. Hinderance; opposition. Shak. 

FOR-BoRE', pret. of forbear. 

FOR-BoRNE', pp. of forbear. 

Force, n. [Fr. force i It. forza.] 1. Strength; active 
power ; vigor ; might ; energy that may be exerted. 2. 
Momentum ; the quantity of power produced by motion 
or the action of one body on another. 3. That which 
causes an operation or moral effect ; strength ; energy. 4. 
Violence; power exerted against will or consent; com- 
pulsory power. 5. Strength ; moral power to convince 

■ the mind. 6. Virtue ; efficacy. 7. Validity ; power to 
bind or hold. 8. Strength or power for war ; armament ; 
troops ; an army or navy. 9. Destiny ; necessity ; com- 
pulsion. 10. Internal power. — 11. In hue, any unlawful 
violence to person or property. — Physical force is the force 
of material bodies. — Moral farce is the power of acting 
on the reason in judging and determining. — Mechanical 
force is the power that belongs to bodies at rest or in mo- 
tion. 

Force, v. t. l. To compel ; to constrain to do or to for- 
bear, by the exertion of a power not resistible. 2. To 
overpower by strength. 3. To impel ; to press ; to drive ; 
to draw or push by main strength ; a sense of very exten- 
sive use. 4. To enforce ; to urge ; to press. 5. To com- 
pel by strength of evidence. 6. To storm ; to assault and 
take by violence. 7. To ravish ; to violate by force, as a 
female. 8. To overstrain ; to distort. 9. To cause to 
produce ripe fruit prematurely, as a tree ; or to cause to 
ripen prematurely, as fruit. 10. To man ; to strengthen 
by soldiers ; to garrison ; [o&5.] — To force from, to wrest 
from ; to extort. — To force out, to drive out ; to compel to 
issue out or to leave ; also, to extort. — To force wine, is to 
fine it by a short process, or in a short time. — To force 
plants, is to urge the growth of plants by artificial heat. — 
To force meat, is to stuff it. 

Force, v. L l. To lay stress on ; [ 0 J 5 .] 2. To strive ; 
[ 0 & 5 .] 3. To use violence. 

FORCED, pp. 1. Compelled ; impelled ; driven by violence; 
urged ; stormed ; ravished. 2. a. Affected ; overstrain- 
ed ; unnatural. 

FoR'CED-LY, adv. Violently; constrainedly; unnatu- 
rally. 

FoR'CED-NESS, n. The state of being forced ; distor- 
tion. 

FORCE'FIJL, a. 1. Impelled by violence ; driven with 
force ; acting with power. 2. Violent ; impetuous. 

FoRCE'FIJL-LY, adv. Violently ; impetuously. 

FoRCE'LESS, a. Having little or no force ; feeble ; impo- 
tent. 

FoRCE'MeAT, n. A kind of stuffing in cookery. 

FOR'CEPS, n. [L.] Literally, a pair of pincers or tongs. 
In sur^rery, an instrument for extracting any thing from 
a wmiind, and for like purposes. 

FoR'CER, n. 1. He or that which forces, drives or con- 
strains. 2. The embolus of a pump ; the instrument by 
which water is driven up a pump. 

FoRCI-BLE, a. 1. Powerful; strong; mighty. 2. Vio- 
lent ; impetuous ; driving forward with force. 3. Effica- 
cious ; active. 4. Powerful ; acting with force ; im- 
pressive. 5. Containing force ; acting by violence. 6. 
Done by force; suffered by force. 7. Valid; binding; 
obligatory ; 

FoR'Cl-BLE-NESS, 7i. Force; violence. 

FoR'CI-BLY, adv. 1. By violence or force. 2. Strongly; 
powerfully ; with power or energy ; impressively. 3. 
Impetuously ; violently ; with great strength. 

FoR'CING, ppr. 1. Compelling ; impelling ; driving ; 
storming ; ravishing. 2. Causing to ripen before the nat- 


ural season, as fruit. 3. Fining wine by a speedy pro 
cess. 

FoR'CING, 71. 1. In gardening, the art of raising plants, 
flowers and fruits, at an earlier season than the natural 
one, by artificial heat. 2. The operation of fining wines 
by a speedy process. 

FOR'CI-PA-TED, a. Formed like a pair of pincers, to open 
and inclose. Derham. 

FOR-CI-Pa'TION, 71. Squeezing or tearing with pincers ; 
formerly, a mode of punishment. Bacon. 

Ford, 71. [Sax. ford, fyrd.] 1. A place in a river or other 
water, where it may be passed by man or beast on foot, 
or by wading. 2. A stream ; a current. 

Ford, V. t. To pass or cross a river or other water by 
treading or walking on the bottom; to pass through water 
by wading ; to wade through. 

FoRD'A-BLE, a. That may be waded or passed through 
on foot, as water. 

FoRD'ED, pp. Passed through on foot ; waded. 

FoRD'ING, ppr. Wading ; passing through on foot. 

fFOR-DC', v.t. [Sax. /ord(/7i.] To destroy; to undo; to 
ruin ; to weary. Chaucer. 

FORE, a. [Sax. fore, foran ; G. vor i D. voor ; Sw.fbr; 
Dan. for.] Advanced ; being or coming in advance of 
something ; coming fii-st ; anterior; preceding; prior ; an- 
tecedent ; being in front or towards the face. 

FORE, ado. In the part that precedes or goes first. — In sea- 
meiVs language, fore and aft signifies the whole length of 
the ship, or from end to end, from stem to stern. — Fore, 
in composition, denotes, for the most part, priority of 
time ; sometimes, advance in place. 

FORE-AD-MON'ISH, v. t. To admonish beforehand, or be- 
fore the act or ev'ent. 

FORE-AD-ViSE', 7J. f. To advise or counsel before the 
time of action or before the event ; to preadmonish. 

FORE-AL-LEDGE', (fore-al-lej') v. t. To alledge before. 

FORR-AP-POINT', v. t. To appoint beforehand. 

FORE-AP-POINT'MENT, 7t. Previous appointment; pre- 
ordination. 

FORE-ARM', V. t. To arm or prepare for attack or resist- 
ance before the time of need. 

FORE-BoDE', v. t. 1. To foretell ; to prognosticate. 2. 
To foreknow ; to be prescient of ; to feel a secret sense 
of something future. 

FORE-BoDE'MENT, n. A presaging ; presagement. 

FORE-BoD'ER, n. 1. One who forebodes ; a prognosticator ; 
a soothsayer. 2. A foreknower. 

FORE-BoD'ING, ;/pr. Prognosticating ; foretelling ; fore- 
knowing. 

FORE-BoD'ING, n. Prognostication. 

FoRE'BRACE, n. A rope applied to the fore yard-arm to 
change the position of the fore-sail. 

t FORE-BY', prep. Near; hard by ; fast by. Spenser. 

FORE-OAST', V. t. 1. To foresee ; to provide against. 2. 
To scheme ; to plan before execution. 3. To adjust, con- 
trive or appoint beforehand. 

FORE-OAST', V. i. To form a scheme previously ; to con- 
trive beforehand. 

FoRE'OAST, n. Previous contrivance ; foresight, or the 
antecedent determination proceeding from it. 

FORE-OAST'ER, n. One who foresees or contrives before- 
hand. 

FORE-OAST'ING, ppr. Contriving previously. 

FoRE'CAS-TLE, n. A short deck in the forepart of a ship 
above the upper deck. 

FORE-UHo'SEN, (fore-cho'zn) a. Preelected ; chosen be- 
forehand. 

FORE-CiT'ED, a. Cited or quoted before or above. 

FORE-OLoSE', v. t. To shut up ; to preclude ; to stop ; to 
prevent. — To foreclose a mortgager, in law, is to cut him off 
from his equity of redemption. 

FORE-OLoS'URE, (fore-kl5'zhur) n. I. Prevention. 2. 
The act of foreclosing. 

FORE-OON-CeIVE', V. t. To preconceive. Bacon. 

FORE-DaTE', V. t. To date before the true time. 

FORE-DaT'ED, pp. Dated before the true time. 

FoRE'DEOK, n. The forepart of a deck, or of a ship. 

FORE-DE-SlGN', (fore-de-sIne') v. t. To plan beforehand ; 
to intend previously. Cheync. 

FORE-DE-TERM'INE,7j. t. To decree beforehand. 

FORE-DOOM', V. t. To doom beforehand ; to predestinate. 
Dry den. 

FORE- DOOM', n. Previous doom or sentence. 

FORE-DoOR', 71. The door in the front of a house. 

FORE-END', n. The anterior part. Bacon. 

FORE-EIj'DER, n. [fore and elder.] An ancestor. 

* FORE-FA'THER, 71. An ancestor ; one who precedes an- 
other in the line of genealogy, in any degree ; usually in 
a remote degree. 

FORE-FEND', v.t. 1. To hinder ; to fend off ; to avert ; to 
prevent approach ; to forbid or prohibit. Dryde.n. 2. To 
defend ; to guard ; to secure. 

"''FORE-FIN'GER, 71. The finger next to the thumb ; the in- 
dex. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, T, 0, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT; — PR£Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — f Obsolete. 


FOR 


353 


FOR 


FORE-FLoW', V. t. To flow before. Dryden, 

FoRE'FOOT, 71 . 1 . One of the anterior feet of a quadru- 

ped or miiltipeil. 2 . A liand, in contempt. 3 . Inashipj 
a piece of timber which terminates the keel at the fore-end. 

FORE-FRoNT', n. The foremost part 

FoRE'GAME, n. A first game ; first plan. Whitlock. 

FORE-Go', v.t. 1 . To forbear to possess or enjoy ; volun- 
tarily to avoid the enjoyment of good. 2. To give up 3 to 
renounce 3 to resign. 3 . To lose. 4 . To go before 3 to 
precede 3 [ofts.] 

FORE-Go'ER, 7j. 1 . An ancestor 3 a progenitor 3 [o&s.] 2 . 
One who goes before another. 3 . One who forbears to 
enjoy. 

FORE-GoflNG, ppr. 1 . Forbearing to have, possess or en- 
joy. 2 . a. Preceding 3 going before, in time or place 3 
antecedent. 

FORE-GONE', pp. 1 . Forborne to be possessed or enjoyed. 

2 . Gone before 3 past 3 [06s.] 

FoRE'GROUiND, n. The part of the field or expanse of a 
picture which seems to lie before the figures. 

FORE-GUESS', v. t. To conjecture. Sherwood 

FoRE'HAND, n. 1 . The part of a horse which is before 
the rider. 2 . The chief part. 

FoRE H AND, a. Done sooner than is regular. 

FoRE'HAND-ED, a. 1 . Early 3 timely 3 seasonable. Taij- 
lor. — 2 . In jJ/ftcrica, in good circumstances as to property 3 
free from debt and possessed of property 3 as, a forehand- 
ed farmer. 3 . Formed in the foreparts. 

FO RE'HE A D, (for'hed, or 7'rtt/'ier, for'ed) 71 . 1. The part of 
the face which extends from the hair on the top of the 
head to the eyes. 2 . Impudence 3 confidence 3 assurance 3 

Rll cl *^C10UST1 0SS 

FORE HEAD-BALD, a. Bald above the forehead. 

FORE-HkAR', V. i. To be informed before. 

fFORE-HEND', v.t. To seize. Spenser. 

F()RE-HE\V', V. t. To hew or cut in front. Sackville. 

f FORE-HoLD'ING, n. Predictions 3 ominous forbodings 3 
supei-stitious prognostications. 

FoRE'HOOK, n. In s/iipsj a breast-hook. 

FoRE'HORSE, n. The horse in a team which goes fore- 
most. 

FOR'EIGN, (for'en) a. [Fr. forain.] 1 . Belonging to an- 
other nation or country 3 alien 3 not of the country in 
which one resides 3 extraneous. 2 . Produced in a distant 
country or jurisdiction 3 coming from another country. 

3 . Remote 3 not belonging 3 not connected. 4 . Imperti- 
nent 5 not pertaining 5 not to the purpose. 5 . Excluded 3 
not admitted 3 held at a distance. 6. Extraneous 3 adven- 
titious 3 not native or natural. — 7 . In law, a foreign at- 
tachment is an attachment of the goods of a foreigner, for 
the satisfaction of a debt due to a citizen 3 or an attachment 
of the money or goods of a debtor, in the hands of another 
person . — Foreign plea, a plea or objection to a judge as 
incompetent to try the question, on the ground that it is 
not within his jurisdiction. 

FOR'EIGN-ER, (for'en-er) n. A person born in a foreign 
country, or without the country or jurisdiction of which 
one speaks. 

FOR'EIGN-NESS, (for'en-nes) n. Remoteness 3 want of 
relation. 

FORE-IM-AG INE, V, t. To conceive or fancy before 
proof, or beforehand. 

FORE-JUDGE', (fore-juj') v.t. 1 . To prejudge 3 to judge 
beforehand, or before hearing the facts and proof. — 2 . In 
law, to expel from a court, for mal-practice or non-appear- 
ance. 

FORE-JUDG'MENT, n. Judgment previously formed. 

FORE-KNoW', v.t. To have previous knowledge of 3 to 
for 0 S 60 • 

FORE-KNoW'A-BLE, o. That may be foreknown. 

FORE-KNoW'ER, n. One that foreknows. 

FORE-KNOWL'EDGE, n. Knowledge of a thing before it 
happens 3 prescience. 

FOR'EIj, n. A kind of parchment for the cover of books. 

FoRE'L AND, n. A promontory or cape 3 a point of land 
extending into the sea ; a head land. 

FORE-LaY', V. t. 1 . To lay wait for 3 to entrap by ambush. 
2 . To contrive antecedently. 

FORE-LkAD'ER, n. One who leads others. 

FoRE-LEND', V. t. To lend or give beforehand. 

f FORE-LIFT', V. t. To raise aloft any anterior part. Spen- 
ser. 

FoRE'LOGK, 71 . 1 . The lock or hair that grows from the 
forepart of the head. — 2 . In sea language, a little flat 
pointed wedge of iron, used at the end of a bolt, to retain 
it firmly in its place. 

FORE-LOOK', V. t. To look beforehand or forward. 

FoRE'MAN, 77. I. The first or chief man 3 particularly, the 
chief man of a jury. 2 . The chief man in a printing of- 
fice or other establishment. 

FoRE'MXST, 77. The mast of a ship or other vessel which 
is placed in the forepart or forecastle, and carries the fore- 
sail and foretopsail yards. 

FORE-MEANT', (fore-ment') a. Intended beforehand. 


FORE-MEN'TIONED, a. Mentioned before 3 recited or 
written in a former part of the same discourse. 

FoRE'AlOST, a. 1. First in place 3 most advanced. 2 
First in dignity. 

FoRl'FMoTll-ER, 77. A female ancestor. Prideaux. 

FoRE'xVaMED, a. 1. Named or nominated before. 2 
Mentioned before in the same writing or discourse. 

FoRE'NOON, 77. The former part of the day, from the 
morning to meridian or noon. 

FORE-No'TlUE, 11. Notice or information of an event bo 
fore it happens. Kymer. 

FO-REN'rilU, a. [L. Belonging to courts of judi- 
cature 3 used in courts or legal proceedings. 

FORE-OR-DaIN', V. t. To ordain or appoint beforehand • 
to preordain 3 to predestinate 3 to predetermine. ’ 

F 0 RE- 0 R-DI-Na'T 10 N, 77. Previous ordination or appoint- 
nient 5 predetermination 3 predestination. 

FoRE'FaRT, 77 . 1. The part first in time. 2. The part 
most advanced in place 3 the anterior part. 3. The be- 
ginning. 

FoRE'PASSED, I a. Passed before a certain time. I Little 

FoRE'PaST, ) used.] 

FORE-POS-SESS'ED, (fore-poz-zest') a. Holding formerly 
in possession 3 also, preoccupied 3 prepossessed 3 preen- 
gaged. 

FORE-PRIZE', V. t. To prize or rate beforehand. 

FORE-PROM'iSED, a. Promised beforehand 3 preen- 
gaged. 

FORE-UUoT'ED, a. Cited before 3 quoted in a foregoing 
part of the work. 

FoRE'RANK, n. The first rank 3 the front. Shak. 

FORE-RkACH' upon, v. t. In navigation, to gain or ad- 
vance upon in progression or motion. 

fFORE-llKAD', v.t. To signify by tokens. Spenser. 

FORE-RkAD'ING, 77. Previous perusal. Hales. 

FORE-RE-CiT'ED, a. Named or recited before. 

FORE-RE-MEM'BERED, a. Called to mind previously. 

FoRE'RIGHT, a. Ready 3 forward 3 quick. Massinger. 

FoRE'RiGHT, adv. Right forward 3 onward. 

FORE-RUN', 7;. t. 1 . 'Po advance before 3 to come before 
as an earnest of something to follow 3 to introduce as a 
harbinger. 2 . To precede 3 to have the start of. 

FORE-RUN'NER, n. 1 . A messenger sent before to give 
notice of the approach of others 3 a harbinger. 2 . An an- 
cestor or predecessor 3 3 . A prognostic 3 a sign 

foreshowing something to follow. 

FoRE'SAID, (fore'sed) a. Spoken before. See Aforesaid. 

FoRE'SAIL, 77. A sail extended on the foreyard, wliich is 
supported by the foremast. 

FORE-SaY', V. t. To predict 3 to foretell. Shak. 

FORE-Sa Y'ING, 71 . A prediction. Sherwood. 

FORE-SEE', V. t. To see beforehand 3 to see or know an 
event before it happens 3 to have prescience of 3 to fore- 
know. 

FORE-SEE'ING, ppr. Seeing before the event. 

FORE-SEEN', pp. Seen beforehand. 

FORE-SEER', n. One who foresees or foreknows. 

FORE-SeIZE', V. t. To seize oeforehand. 

FORE-SHAD'oVV, v. t. To shadow or typify beforehand. 

FORE-SHaME', V. t. To shame 3 to bring reproach on. 

FORE-SIiEVV'. See Foreshow. 

FoRE'SHIP, 77. The forepart of a ship. xxvii. 

FORE-SIIORT'EN, v. t. In painting, to shorten figures for 
the sake of showing those behind. 

FORE-SHORT'EN-ING, 77. In painting, the act of shorten- 
ing figures for the sake of sliowing those behind. 

FORE-SHoVV', V. t. 1 . To show beforehand 3 to prognosti- 
cate. 2 . To predict 3 to foretell. 3 . To represent before- 
liand. 

FORE-SHoW'ER, n. One wiio predicts. 

FORE-SHROUDS', n. The shrouds of a ship attached to the 
foremast. 

FoRE'SlDE, 77. The front side 3 also, a specious outside. 

FoRE'SiGHT, v. 1 . Prescience 3 foreknowledge 3 prog- 
nostication 3 tlie act of foreseeing. 2 . Provident care of 
futurity 3 foreknowledge accompanied with prudence. 

FORE-S'lGHT'FyL, a. Wescient ; provident. 

FORE-SIG'NI-FY, V. t. To signify beforehand 3 to betoken 
previously ; to foresliow 3 to typify. 

FoRE'SKlN, n. The skin that covers the glans penis 3 the 
prepuce. 

FoRE'SKIRT, 77. The loose and pendulous part of a coat 
before. Shak. 

t FORE-SLAUK', v. t. To neglect by idleness. Spenser. 

t FORE-SLoVV', V. t. 1 . To delay 3 to hinder 3 to impede 3 
to obstruct. 2 . To neglect 3 to omit. 

t FORE-SLoW', V. i. To be dilatory 3 to loiter. Shak. 

FORE-SPEAK', v. t. 1 . To foresay 3 to foreshow 3 to fore- 
tell or predict. 2 . To forbid 3 [not used.] 3 . To bewitch • 
[not used.~\ 

t FORE-SPf.AK'ING, 77. A prediction 3 also, a preface. 

t FORE-SPEECH', n. A preface. Sherwood. 

FORE-SPENT', o. 1 . Wasted in strength 3 tired 3 exhaust 
ed. 2 . Past 3 [little used,] Spenser. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6 VE 3— BULL, UNITE.~€ as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete 

' *23 


FOR 


354 


FOR 


FORE-SPUR'RER, n. One that rides before. Shah. 
OR'EST, w. [lx. foresta ; Yx.forH^ Arm. forest.'] 1. An 
extensive wood, or a large tract of land covered with 
trees.— In Jimerica^ the word is usually applied to a wood 
of native growth. It differs from wood or woods chiefly 
in extent. — 2. In law, in Great Britain, a certain territory 
of woody grounds and pastures, privileged for wild beasts 
and fowls of forest, chase and warren, to rest and abide 
in, under the protection of the king, for his pleasure. — 
Forest laws, laws for governing and regulating forests, 
and preserving game. F.ngland. 

FOR'EST, V. t. To cover with trees or wood. 

FOR'EST, a. Sylvan ; rustic. Sir O. Buck. 

FoRE'STAFF, n. An instrument used at sea, for taking 
the altitudes of heavenly bodies. 

FoRE'STA6E, n. An ancient service paid by foresters to 
the king ; also, the right of foresters. 

FORE-STALL', v. t. I. To anticipate ; to take beforehand. 
2. To hinder by preoccupation or prevention. — 3. In law, 
to buy or bargain for corn, or provisions of any kind, be- 
fore they arrive at the market or fair, with intent to sell 
them at higher prices. 4. To deprive by something pri- 

, FOr’e-STALL'ED, (fore-stawld') pp. Anticipated) hinder- 
ed purchased before arrival in market. 

FOR E-ST ALL'ER, n. One who forestalls. 

FORE-STALL'ING, 7 >pr. Anticipating; hindering; buying 
provisions before they arrive in market, with intent to 
sell them at higher prices. 

FORE-STAIiL'ING, n. Anticipation ; prevention ; the act 
of buying provisions before they are ofiered in market, 
with intent to sell them at higher prices. 

FoRE'STAY, 71. In a shijds ri^^ing, a large, strong rope 
reaching from the foremast head towards the bowsprit end, 
to support the mast. 

FOR'EST-BORN, a. Born in a wild. Shak. 

FOR'EST-ED, pp- Covered with trees ; wooded. 

FOR'EST-ER, n. l.In England, an officer appointed to 
watch a forest and preserve the game. 2. An inhabitant 
of a forest. 3. A forest tree. 

t FCRE'SWAt"^’ I Exhausted by heat. Sidney. 

FoRE'TA€-KLE, ??. The tackle on the foremast. 

FoRE'TASTE, n. A taste beforehand ; anticipation. 

FORE-TaSTE', V. t. 1. To taste before possession ; to have 
previous enjoyment or experience of something ; to anti- 
cipate. 2. To taste before another. 

FORE-TaST'ED, pp. Tasted beforehand. Milton. 

FORE-TaST'ER, n. One that tastes beforehand. 

FORE-TaST'ING, ppr. Tasting before. 

FORE-Tf.ACH', V. t. To teach beforehand. Spenser. 

FORE-TELL', v. t. 1. To predict ; to tell before an event 
happens ; to prophesy. 2. To foretoken ; to foreshow. 
JV arton . 

FORE-TEIiL', i. To utter prediction or prophecy. 

FORE-TELL'ER, ??. One who predicts or prophesies; a 
foreshower. Boyle. 

FORE-TELL'ING, n. Prediction. 

FORE-THINK', v. t. 1. To think beforehand ; to anticipate 
in the mind. 2. To contrive beforehand. 

FQRE-THINK', v. i. To contrive beforehand. 

FORE-THOUGHT', (fore-thawt') pret. of forethink. 

FoRE'THOUGHT, (fore'thawt) n. 1. A thinking before- 
hand ; anticipation ; prescience ; premeditation. 2. Prov- 
ident care. 

FORE-To'KEN, v. t. To foreshow ; to presignify ; to prog- 
nosticate. 

FORE-To'KEN, n. Prognostic ; previous sign. 

FoRE'TOOTH, n. ; plu. Foreteeth. One of the teeth in 
the forepart of the mouth ; an incisor. 

FoRE'TOP, n. 1. The hair on the forepart of the head. 2. 
That part of a woman’s headdress that is forward, or the 
top of a periwig. — 3. In ships, the platform erected at the 
head of the foremast. 

FORE-TOP'-MAST, n. The mast erected at the head of the 
foremast, and at the head of which stands the foretop-gal- 
lant-mast. 

FOR-EV'ER, ad77. [/o?- and ercr.] Eternally; to perpetu- 
ity ; during everlasting continuance. 

FORE-VOUCH'ED, (fore-voucht') pp. Affirmed before ; 
formerly told. Shak. 

FoRE'WARD, n. The van ; the front. 

FORE-WARN', v. t. 1. To admonish beforehand. 2. To 
inform previously ; to give previous notice. 3. To caution 
beforehand. 

FORE-VVARN'ED, ffore-wornd') pp. Admonished, caution- 
ed or informed beforehand. 

FORE-VVARN'ING,27pr. Previously admonishing or inform- 
ing. 

FORE-WARN'ING, n. Previous admonition, caution or no- 
tice. 

t FORE-WEND', v. t. To go before. Spenser. 

FoRE'WIND, n. A favorable wind. Sandys. 

FORE-WISH', V. t. To wish beforehand. Knolles. 


FoRE'WOM-AN, n. A woman who is chief. Tatler. 

FORE-WoRN', pp. Worn out; wasted or obliterated by 
time or use. Sidney. 

FOR'FEIT, (for'fit) v. t. [Fr.forfaire, forfait.] To lose, 
or render confiscable, by some fault, offense or crime ; to 
lose the right to some species of property, or that which 
belongs to one ; to alienate the right to possess by some 
neglect or crime. 

FOR'FEIT, (for'fit) n. [¥r. forfait ^ 'W.forfed.] 1. That 
which is forfeited or lost, or the right to which is alienat- 
ed by a crime, offense, neglect of duty, or breach of con- 
tract ; hence, a fine ; a mulct ; a penalty. 2. One whose 
life is forfeited ; [not used.] 

FOR'FEIT, part. a. used for forfeited. Lost or alienated 
for an offense or crime ; liable to penal seizure. 

FOR'FEIT-A-BLE, a. Liable to be forfeited ; subject to for- 
feiture. 

FOR'FEIT-ED, pp. Lost or alienated by an offense, crime 
or breach of condition. 

FOR'FEIT-ER, n. One who incurs punishment by forfeiting 
his bond. Shak. 

FOR'FEIT-ING, ppr. Alienating or losing, as a right, by an 
offense, crime or breach of condition. 

FOR'FEIT-URE, n. 1. The act of forfeiting. 2. That which 
is forfeited ; an estate forfeited ; a fine or mulct. 

fFOR-FEND', V. t. To prevent ; to forbid. 

FOR'FEX, n. [L.] A pair of scissors. Pope. 

FOR-GaVE', pret. of forgive, which see. 

Force, n. [Fx. forge.] 1. A furnace in which iron or 
other metal is heated and hammered into form. 2. Any 
place where any thing is made or shaped. 3. The act of 
beating or working iron or steel ; the manufacture of me- 
talline bodies. 

FoRGE, V. t. 1. To form by heating and hammering ; to 
beat into any particular shape, as a metal. 2. To make 
by any means. 3. To make falsely ; to falsify ; to coun 
terfeit ; to make in the likeness of something else. 

Forged, pp. Hammered ; beaten into shape ; made ; coun 
terfeited. 

FoRG'ER, n. 1. One that makes or forms. 2. One who 
counterfeits ; a falsifier. 

FoRG'ER-Y, n. 1. The act of forging or working metal into 
shape ; [ois.] 2. The act of falsifying ; the crime of coun- 
terfeiting. 3. That which is forged or counterfeited. 

FOR-GET', V. t. ; pret. forgot ; [forgat, obs.] pp. forgot, 
forgotten. [Sax. forgetan, forgitan,forgytan.] 1. To lose 
the remembrance of ; to let go from the memory. 2. To 
slight ; to neglect. 

FOR-GET'FTJL, a. 1. Apt to forget ; easily losing the re- 
membrance of. 2. Heedless ; careless ; neglectful ; inat- 
tentive. 3. Causing to forget ; inducing oblivion ; oblivi- 
ous. 

FOR-GET'FUL-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being apt to let 
any thing slip from the mind. 2. Loss of remembrance or 
recollection ; a ceasing to remember ; oblivion. 3. Neg- 
lect ; negligence; careless omission ; inattention. 

I FoRG'E-TiVE, a. [from forge.] That may forge or pro- 
duce. Shak. 

FOR-GET'TER, n. One that forgets ; a heedless person. 

FOR-GET'TING, ppr. Losing the remembrance of. 

FOR-GET'TING, n. The act of forgetting; forgetfulness; 
inattention. 

FOR-GET'TING-LY, adv. By forgetting or forgetfulness. 

FOR-GIV'A-BLE, a. That may be pardoned. 

FOR-GXVE , V. t. pxet. f err gave •, forgiven, [for and 

give; Sax. for gif an.] 1. To pardon; to remit, as an of- 
fense or debt ; to overlook an offense, and treat the of- 
fender as not guilty. It is to be noted that pardon, like 
forgive, may be followed by the name or person, and by 
the”offense ; but remit can be followed by the offense only. 
We forgive or pardon the man, but we do not remit him. 
2. To remit as a debt, fine or penalty. 

FOR-GTV'EN, pp. Pardoned ; remitted. 

FOR-GTVE'NESS, n. 1. The act of forgiving ; the pardon 
of an offender, by wffiich he is considered and treated as 
not guilty. 2. The pardon or remission of an offense or 
crime. 3. Disposition to pardon ; willingness to forgive. 
4. Remission of a debt, fine or penalty. 

FOR-GIV'ER, n. One who pardons or remits. 

FOR-GIVMNG, ppr. 1. Pardoning; remitting. 2. a. Dis- 
posed to forgive ; inclined to overlook offenses ; mild ; 
merciful ; compassionate. 

FOR-GOT , ) of forget 

FOR-GOT'TEN, i 

t FOR-HaIL', V. t. To draw or distress. Spenser. 

F0-RIN'SE-€AL, a. [L. forinsec'iis.] Foreign ; alien. [Little 
used.] 

FO-RIS^-FA-MIL'IATE, V. t. [h. for is and familia.] To 
renounce a legal title to a further share of paternal mher- 

FO-RIS-’fA-MIL-T-A'TION, n. When a child has received 
a portion of his father’s estate, and renounces all title to a 
further share, his act is oaWedi forLsfamiliation. 

FORK, n. [Sax. /ore.] 1. An instrument consisting of a 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, tJ, Y, 


long. — FAR, 


FALL, WHAT ;~PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— j Obsolete. 


FOR 


855 


FOR 


handle, and a blade of metal, divided into two or more 
points or prongs. 2. A point. 3. Forks, in the plural, 
the point where a road parts into two ; and the point 
where a river divides, or rather where two rivers meet 
and unite in one stream. Each branch is called a. fork. 

FORK, V. i. 1. To shoot into blades, as corn. Moi'timer. 2. 
To divide into two. 

FORK, V. t. 1. To raise or pitch with a fork, as hay. 2. To 
dig and break ground with a fork. 3. To make sharp j to 
point. 

FORKED, pp. 1. Raised, pitched or dug with a fork. 2. a. 
Opening into two or more parts, points or shoots. 3. Hav- 
ing two or more meanings ; in use.] 

FORK'ED-LY, adv. In a forked form. 

FORK'ED-NESS, n. The quality of opening into two or 
more parts. 

FORK'HEAD, n. The point of an arrow. Spenser. 

FORK'TaIL, 71. A salmon, in his fourth year’s growth. 
[Local.] 

FORK'Y, a. Forked ; furcated 5 opening into two or more 
parts, shoots or points. Pope. 

fFOR-LoRE', a. Forlorn. 

FOR-LORN', a. [Sax. forloren.] 1. Deserted ; destitute ; 
stripped or deprived ; forsaken. Hence, lost ; helpless ; 
wretched ; solitary. 2. Taken away ; [oJs.j 3. Small ; 
despicable ; in a ludicrous sense. — Forlorn hope, properly, 
a desperate case ; hence, in military affairs, a detachment 
of men appointed to lead in an assault, or perform other 
service attended with uncommon peril. 

FOR-LORN', 7 j. a lost, forsaken, solitary person. 

FOR-LORN'NESS, n. Destitution ] misery j a forsaken or 
wretched condition. Boyle. 

t FOR-LyE', V. i. To lye before. Spenser. 

FORM, n. [L. forma / ¥x. forme.] 1. The shape or exter- 
nal appearance of a body ; the figure, as defined by lines 
and angles. 2. Manner of arranging particulars 5 disposi- 
tion of particular things. 3. Model ; draught ; pattern. 
4. Beauty ; elegance ; splendor ; dignity. 5. Regularity ; 
method ; order. 6 . External appearance without the essen- 
tial qualities ; empty show. 7. Stated method ; establisli- 
ed practice ; ritual or prescribed mode. 8 . Ceremony. 
9. Determinate shape. 10. Likeness; image. 11. Man- 
ner; system. 12. Manner of arrangement; disposition of 
component parts. 13. A long seat ; a bench without a 
back. — 14. In schools, a class ; a rank of students. 15. 
The seat or bed of a hare. 16. A mold ; something to 
give shape, or on which things are fashioned. — 17. In 
printincr, an assemblage of types, composed and arranged 
in order, disposed into pages or columns, and inclosed and 
locked in a chase, to receive an impression. — 18. Essen- 
tial form, is that mode of existence which constitutes a 
thing what it is, and without which it could not exist. 

FORM, V. t. [Ij. for mo.] 1. To make or cause to exist. 
2. To shape ; to mold or fashion into a particular shape or 
state. 3. To plan ; to scheme ; to modify, 4. To arrange ; 
to combine in a particular manner. 5. To adjust ; to set- 
tle. 6, To contrive ; to invent. 7. To make up ; to frame ; 
to settle by deductions of reason. 8. To mold ; to model 
by instruction and discipline. 9. To combine ; to unite 
individuals into a collective body. 10. To make ; to 
establish. 11. To compile. 12. To constitute ; to make. 
— 1.1. In grammar, to make by derivation, or by affixes or 
prefixes. 14. To enact ; to make ; to ordain. 

FORM, V. i. To take a form. 

FORM'AL, a. I. According to form ; agreeable to establish- 
ed mode ; regular ; methodical. 2. Strictly ceremonious ; 
precise ; exact to affectation. 3. Done in due form, or 
with solemnity ; express ; according to regular method ; 
not incidental, sudden or irregular. 4. Regular ; methodi- 
cal. 5. Having the form or appearance witliout the sub- 
stance or -essence ; external. 0. Depending on customary 
forms. 7. Having the power of making a thing what it 
is ; constituent ; essential. 8 . Retaining its proper and 
essential characteristic ; regular ; proper. 

FORM'AL-ISM, n. Formality. Burke. 

FORM'AL-IST, n. 1. One who observes forms. 2. One who 
regards appearances only, or observes the forms of wor- 
ship, without possessing the life and spirit of religion ; a 
hypocrite. 

FOii-MAL'I-TY, n. 1. The practice or observance of forms. 
2. Ceremony ; mere conformity to customary modes. 3. 
Established order ; rule of proceeding ; mode ; method. 
4. Order ; decorum to be observed ; customary mode of 
behavior, 5, Customary mode of dress ; habit ; robe. 6 . 
External appearance. 7. Essence ; the quality which 
constitutes a thing what it is. — 8 . In the schools^ the man- 
ner in which a thing is conceived. 

t FORM^AL-TZE, r.t. To model. Hooker, 

FORM'AL-IZE, v,i. To affect formality. [Little used.] 

FORM'AL-LY, adv. 1. According to established form, rule, 
order, rite or ceremony. 2, Ceremoniously ; stiffly ; pre- 
cisely. 3, In open appearance ; in a visible and apparent 
state. 4. Essentially ; characteristically. 

FOR-MA*TION, n. [Fr, ; h. formatio.] 1, The act of form- 


ing or making ; the act of creating or causing to exist ; the 
operation of shaping and giving form. 2. Generation ; 
production. 3. The manner in which a thing is formed. 
—4. In grammar, the act or manner of forming one word 
from another. 

FORMhA-TiVE, a. 1. Giving form ; having the power of 
giviTig form ; plastic. — 2. In grammar , serving to form ; 
derivative ; not radical ; as, a termination merely /o 7 * 77 ia- 
tive. 

FORMED, pp. Made ; shaped ; molded ; planned ; arrang- 
ed ; combined ; enacted ; constituted. 

FORM*E-DON, n. [E. forma doni.] A writ for the recovery 
of lands by statute of Westminster. Eng. law. 

FORM'ER, n. He that forms ; a maker ; an author. 
FOR'MER, a. comp. deg. [Sax. form, forma.] 1 . Before in 
time ; preceding another or something else in order of 
time ; opposed to latter. 2. Past, and frequently ancient, 
long past. 3. Near the beginning ; preceding. 4. Men- 
tioned before another. 

FOR'MER-LY, adv. In time past, either in time immediate- 
ly preceding, or at any indefinite distance ; of old ; here- 
tofore. 

FORM'FUIi, a. Ready to form ; creative ; imaginative. 
FOR'MI-ATE, n. [^vomE. formica.] A neutral salt, com- 
posed of the formic acid and a base. 

FOR'MIG, a. [E. formica.] Pertaining to ants ; as, tlie/or- 
mic acid, the acid of ants. 

FOR-MI-Ga'TION, n. [E. formicatio.] A sensation of the 
body resembling that made by the creeping of ants on the 
skin. 

FORMH-DA-BLE, a, [E. formulalnlis.] Exciting fear or ap- 
prehension ; impressing dread ; adapted to excite fear, and 
deter from approach, encounter or undertaking. 
FORM'I-DA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being formida- 
ble, or adapted to excite dread. 

FORM'I-DA-BLY, adv. In a manner to impress fear, 
FOR'MILL, v.t. To order. Craven dialect. 

FORMHiESS, a. Shapeless ; without a determinate form ; 

wanting regularity of shape. Shak. 
t FOR-MOS'I-TY, n. [L. formositas.] Beauty ; fairness. 
Cockeram. 

FORM'U-LA, or FORM^ULE, 77 . [L.] 1. A prescribed 
form ; a rule or model. — 2. In medicine, a prescription. — 
3. In church affairs, a confession of faith. — 4. In mathe- 
matics, a general expression for resolving certain cases or 
problems. 

FORM'U-LA-RY, 71. [¥i\ formulaire.] 1. A book contain- 
ing stated and prescribed forms, as of oaths, declarations, 
prayers and the like ; a book of precedents. 2. Prescrib- 
ed form. 

FORM^U-LA-RY, a. Stated ; prescribed ; ritual. 
FORNT-GATE, or FORN'I-GA-TED, a. [E. fornicatus,] 
Arched ; vaulted like an oven or furnace. 
FORNH-GATE, v. i. [E. fornicor.] To commit lewdness, 
as an unmarried man or woman, or as a married man 
with an unmarried woman. 

FOR-NI-Ga'TION, 7J. [E, fornicatio.] 1. The incontinence 
or lewdness of unmarried persons, male or female ; also, 
the criminal conversation of a married man witli an un- 
married woman. 2. Adultery. Matt. v. 3. Incest. 4. 
Idolatry ; a forsaking of the true God, and worshiping of 
idols. 2 Chron. xxi. 5. An arching ; the forming of a 
vault. 

FORN'I-GA-TOR, n. 1. An unmarried person, male or fe- 
male, who has criminal conversation w ith the other sex ; 
also, a married man who has sexual commerce wutli an 
unmarried woman. [See Adultery.] 2. A lew'd pers<m. 
3. An idolater. 

FORN'I-GA-TRESS, n. An unmarried female guilty of 
lewdness. 

fFOR-PASS', V. i. To go by ; to pass unnoticed. Spejiscr, 
t FOR-PTNE', V. i. To pine or woste awoy. Spenser. 
t FOR-RaY', V. t. To ravage. Spenser, 
t FOR-RaY', n. The act of ravaging. 

FOR-SaKE', V. t. ; \)vet. forsook ; pp. forsaken. [Sax. for- 
sacan , forseccan .] 1. To quit or leave entirely ; to desert ; 
to abandon ; to depart from. 2. To abandon ; to re- 
nounce ; to reject. 3. To leave ; to withdraw from ; to 
fail. — 4. In Scripture, God forsakes his people, wlien lie 
withdraw^s his aid, or the light of his countenance, 
FOR-SaIGER, n. One that forsakes or deserts. 
FOR-SAK'EN, pp. Deserted; left; abandoned, 
FOR-SAK'fNG, ppr. Leaving or deserting. 

FOR-SaK'[NG, 77. The act of deserting ; dereliction, 
fFOR-SAY/ V. t. To forbid ; to renounce. Spenser. 
fFOR-SLAGK/, v.t. To delay. Spenser. 

FOR-SOOTIP, adv. [SaJi. forsothe.] In truth ;.ln fact, cer- 
tainly ; very well. 

t FORS'TER, 77 . A forester. Chaucer. 

FOR-SWEAR', V, t. ; pret. forswore ; pp. forsrvcrn [Sax. 
fors 7 B'xrian.] 1. To reject or renounce upon oatL 2, To 
deny upon oath. Dryden.— To forswear c/ic’s sc//, is to 
swear falselv ; to perjure one’s self. 

FOR-SWEAR', V, i, To swear falsely ; to commit perjury. 


see sym 


FOR 


356 


FOS 


FOR-vSWEaR'ER, n. One who rejects on oath ; one who is 
perjured ; one that swears a false oath. 

FOR-SWEAR'ING, ppr. Denying on oath j swearing 
falsely. 

t FOR-SVV 6 NK', a. [Sax. swincan.'] Overlabored. Spenser, 

FOR-SWr.RE', pret. oi forswear. 

FOR-SWoRN^, pp. of forswear. Renounced on oath ; per- 
jured. 

FOR-SVVoRN'NESS, n. The state of being forsworn. 

FoRT, n. [Fr. /ort ; It., Port. /orte.] 1. A fortified place; 
a place surrounded with means of defense ; any building 
or place fortified ; a castle. 2. A strong side, opposed to 
weak side or foible, 

FoR'TE, adv. [Ital.J A direction to sing with strength of 
voice. 

FoR'J’'ED, a. Furnished with forts ; guarded by forts. 

Forth, adv. {Snx. forth ; G.fort.] 1. Forward ; onward 
in time ; in advance. 2. Forward in place or order. 3. 
Out ; abroad ; noting progression or advance from a state 
of confinement. 4. Out ; away ; beyond the boundary of 
a place. 5. Out into public view, or public character. 6 . 
Thoroughly ; from beginning to end ; [<?&«.] 7. On to the 
end ; [ 065 .] 

Forth, prep. Out of. Shak. 

t Forth, ?i. [Su. Goth. /©rt.] Away. 

FoRTH-GoM'ING, a. Ready to appear ; making appear- 
ance. 

t FOR-THINK', V. t. To repent of. Spenser. 

FoRTH-IS'SU-ING, a. Issuing ; coming out ; coming for- 
ward as from a covert. Pope. 

f FORTH-RiGIIT^, adv. Straight forward ; in a straight di- 
rection. Sidney. 

t FoRTH-RiGHT', n. A straight path. Shak. 

FoRTH'WARD, adv. Forward. Bp. Fisher. 

FoRTH-VVITPF, adv. Immediately; without delay; di- 
rectly. 

t FoR'THY, ady. [Sax. /©rt/ii.] Therefore. Spenser. 

FOR'TI-ETH, a. The fourth tenth ; noting the number next 
after the thirty-ninth. 

FOR'TI-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be fortified. [Little W 5 cd.] 

FOR-T1-FI-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of fortifying. 2. The 
art or science of fortifying places to defend them against 
an enemy. 3. The works erected to defend a place 
against attack. 4. A fortified place ; a fort ; a castle. 5. 
Additional strength. 

FOR'TI-Fl-ER, n. 1. One who erects works for defense. 
2. One who strengthens, supports and upholds ; that 
which strengthens. 

FOR'TI-Fy, V. t. [Fr. fortifier.] 1. To strengthen and se- 
cure by forts, batteries, and other works of art. 2. To 
strengthen against any attack. 3. To confirm ; to add 
strength and firmness to. 4. To furnish with strength or 
means of resisting force, violence or assault. 

FOR'TI-FY, V. i. To raise strong places. Milton. 

t FoR'TI-LAGE, n. A little fort; a block-house. 

FoRTHN, 71. [Fr.] A little fort ; a field fort ; a sconce. 

FOR'TI-TUDE, n. [L. fortitude.] That strength or firm- 
ness of mind which enables a person to encounter danger 
with coolness and courage, or to bear pain or adversity 
witliout murmuring, depression or despondency. We 
sometimes confound the effect with the cause, and use 
fortitude as synonymous with courage or patience ; but 
courage is an active virtue or vice, and patience is the 
effect of fortitude. 

FoRT'LET, 71. A little fort. 

FORT'NIGHT, (fort'nit) n. [contracted from fourteen 
nights.] The space of fourteen days ; two weeks. 

FOR'TRESS, 71. [Fr. /ortercsse.] 1. Any fortified place ; a 
fort ; a castle ; a strong hold ; a place of defense or secu- 
rity. 2. Defense ; safety ; security 

FOR'TRESS, V. t. To furnish with fortresses ; to guard ; to 
fortify. Shak. 

FOR'TRESSED, a. Defended by a fortress. 

FOR-Tu'I-TOUS, a. [L. fortuitus.] Accidental ; casual ; 
happening by chance ; coming or occurring unexpectedly, 
or without any known cause. 

FOR-TO'I-TOUS-LV, adv. Accidentally; casually. 

FOR-Tu'I-TOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being accident- 
al ; accident ; chance. 

FOR-TU'I-TY, 71. Chance; accident. Forbes. 

FOR'TU-NATE, a. [L. fortuvatus.] 1. Coming by good 
luck or favorable chance ; bringing some unexpected 
good. 2. Lucky ; successful ; receiving some unforeseen 
or unexpected good. 3. Successful ; happy ; prosperous. 

FOR'TIJ-NATE-LY, adv. Luckily; successfully ; happily ; 
by good fortune, or favorable chance or issue. 

FOR'TU-NATE-NESS, n. Good luck; success; happi- 
ness. Sidney. 

FOIl'TUNE, 77 . [Fr. ; 1j. fortv.na.] 1. The good or ill that 
befalls man. 2. Success, good or bad ; event. 3. The 
chance of life ; means of living ; wealth. 4. Estate ; 
possessions. 5. A targe estate ; great wealth. 6 . The 
portion of a man or woman ; generally of a woman. 7. 
Futurity ; future state or events ; destiny. 


f FOR'TUNE, V. t. 1. To make fortunate. Chaucer. 2. To 
dispose fortunately or not ; also, to presage. Dryden. 
FOR'TUNE, v.i. To befall; to fall out; to happen; to 
come casually to pass. Knolles. 

FOR'TUNE-BOOK, 71. A book to be consulted to discover 
future events. Crashaw. 

FOR'TUNED, a. Supplied by fortune. Shak. 
FOR'TUNE-HUNT-ER, 77 . A man who seeks to marry a 
woman with a large portion, with a view to enrich him- 
self. Addison. 

FOR'TUNE-LESS, a. Luckless ; also, destitute of a for- 
tune or portion. 

FOR'TUNE-TELL, v. t. To tell or pretend to tell the fu- 
ture events of one’s life ; to reveal futurity. 
FOR'TUNE-TELL-ER, n. One who tells or pretends to 
foretell the events of one’s life. 

FOR'TUNE-TELL-ING, ppr. Telling the future events of 
0110^8 lif*0« 

FOR'TUNE-TELL-ING, n. The act or practice of foretell- 
ing the future fortune or events of one’s life, 
t FOR'TU-NiZE, V. t. To regulate the fortune of. 

FOR'TY, a. [Sax. feowertig.] 1. Four times ten. 2. An 
indefinite number; a colloquial use. 

Fo'RUM, 77. [L.] 1. In Rome, a public place, where causes 
were judicially tried, and orations delivered to the people ; 
also, a market-place. 2. A tribunal ; a court ; any as- 
sembly empowered to hear and decide causes ; also, ju- 
risdiction. 

t FOR-WAN'DER, v. i. To wander away ; to rove wildly, 
t FOR-WAN'DERED, a. Lost; bewildered. 

FOR'WARD, adv. [SdiX. forweard.] Toward a part or place 
before or in front; onward; progressively. — In a ship, 
forward denotes toward the forepart. 

FOR'VVARl), a. 1. Near or at the forepart ; in advance of 
something else. 2. Ready; prompt; strongly inclined. 
3. Ardent; eager; earnest; violent. 4. Bold; confident; 
less reserved or modest than is proper. 5. Advanced be- 
yond the usual degree ; advanced for the season. 6. 
Q,uick ; hasty ; too ready. 7. Anterior ; fore. 8. Ad- 
vanced ; not behindhand. 

FOR'WARD, v.t. 1. To advance; to help onward; to 
promote. 2. To accelerate ; to quicken ; to hasten. 3. 
To send forward ; to send towards the place of destina- 
tion ; to transmit. 

FOR'WARD-ED, pp. Advanced ; promoted ; aided in pro 
gress ; quickened ; sent onward ; transmitted. 
FOR'WARD-ER, n. He that promotes, or advances in 
progress. 

FOR'WARD-ING, ppr. Advancing; promoting; aiding in 
progress ; accelerating in growth ; sending onwards ; 
transmitting. 

FOR'WARD-LY, adv. Eagerly ; hastily ; quickly. 
FOR'WARD-NEiSS, n. 1. Cheerful readiness; promptness. 
2. Eagerness ; ardor. 3. Boldness ; confidence ; assu- 
rance ; want of due reserve or modesty. 4. A state of 
advance beyond the usual degree, 
t FOR-WaSTE', V. t. To waste ; to desolate. Spenser. 
t FOR-\VeA'RY, V. t. To dispirit. Spenser. 

FOR-WEEP', V. i. To weep much. Chaucer. 
t FOR' Word, n. a promise. Spenser. 

FOSSE, 1 77 . [Fr. /©5se.] 1. A ditch or moat ; a word used 
FOSS, ^ in fortification. — ^2. In anatomy, a kind of cavity 
in a bone, with a large aperture. Encyc. 

FOS'SIL, a. [Fr. fossile.] 1. Dug out of the earth; as, 
fossil coal. 2. That may be taken from the earth by 
digging. 

FOS'SIL, n. A substance dug from the earth, or penetrated 
with earthy or metallic particles. 

FOS'SIL-Co-PAL, 77. Highgate resin. 

FOS'SIL-IST, 77 . One who studies the nature and proper- 
ties of fossils. Black. 

FOS-SIL-I-Za'TION, 77 . The act or process of converting 
into a fossil or petrifaction. Journ. of Science. 
FOS'SIL-lZE, V. t. To convert into a fossil. 

FOS'SIL-TZE, V. i. To be changed into a fossil. 
FOS'SIL-iZED, pp. Converted into a fossil. 
FOS'SIL-I-ZING, ppr. Changing into a fossil. 
FOS-SIL'O-GY, 77. [fossil, and Gr. Xoyo?.] A discourse or 
treatise on fossils ; also, the science of fossils. 
FOSS'RoAD, or FOSS'WaY, n. A Roman military way 
in England, leading from Totness to Barton. Encyc. 
FOS'TER, V. t. [Sax. /o5t7*77777.] I. To feed ; to nourish ; to 
support ; to bring up. 2. To cherish ; to forward ; to 
promote growth. 3. To cherish; to encourage ; to sustain 
and promote. 

FOS'TER, V. i. To be nourished or trained up together. 
FOS'TER, 77 . A forester. Spenser. 

FOS'TER-AGE, n. The charge of nursing. Raleigh. 
FOS'TER-BRoTH-ER, n. A male nursed at the same 
breast, or fed by the same nurse. 

FOS'TER-CIIILD, n. A child nursed by a woman not the 
mother, or bred by a man not the father. 
FOS'TER-DAM, 77 . A nurse ; one that performs the office 
of a mother by giving food to a child. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, C, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PRgY PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete 


FOU 


357 


FOX 


FOS'TER-EARTH, n. Earth by which a plant is nourish- 
ed, though not its native soil. Philips. 

FOS'l'ERED, pp. Nourished ; clierished ; promoted. 

FOS'TER-ER, n. A nurse ; one that feeds and nourishes in 
the place of parents. Davies. 

FOIS'I'ER-Fa-THER, 11 . One who takes the place of a 
father in feeding and educating a child. Bacon. 

FOS'TER-ING, ppr. Nursing; cherishing; bringing up. 

FOS'TER-ING, n. 1. The act of nursing, nourishing and 
cherishing. 2. Nourishment. Chaucer. 

FOS'TER-LING, n. A foster-child. B.Jonson. 

f FOS'TER-MENT, n. Food ; nourishment. 

FOS'TER-M6TH-ER, n. A nurse. 

FOS'TER-NURSE, ??. A nurse. l^Tautological."] 

FOS'TER-SHIP, 71. The office of a forester. Churton. 

FOS'TER-SIS-TER, n. A female nursed by the same per- 
son. Sirift. 

FOSQ'ER-SoN, n. One fed and educated, like a son, 
though not a son by birth. Dryden. 

FOS'TRESS, 11 . A female who feeds and cherishes ; a 
nurse. B. Jonson. 

FOTH'ER, n. [G. fuder.] A weight of lead containing 
eight pigs, and every pig twenty-one stone and a half. 

FOTITER, V. t. To endeavor to stop a leak in the bottom 
of a ship, while afloat. 

FOTH'ER-ING, ppr. Stopping leaks, as above. 

FOTH'ER-ING, n. The operation of stopping leaks in a 
ship. 

FOU-GADE', 71. [Fr. fougade.] In the art of tear, a little 
mine, in the form of a well, dug under some work, fortifi- 
cation or post. 

FOUGHT, (fawt) pret. andpp. of fight. 

t FOUGin''EN, for fought. 

FOUL, a. [Sax. /MZ,/awL] 1. Covered with or containing 
extraneous matter which is injurious, noxious or oflen- 
sive ; filthy ; dirty ; not clean. 2. Turbid ; thick ; muddy. 
3. Impure ; polluted ; as, a foul mouth. Shak. 4. Im- 
pure ; scurrilous ; obscene or profane. 5. Cloudy and 
stormy ; rainy or tempestuous. 6. Impure ; defiling. 7. 
Wicked ; detestable ; abominable. 8. Unfair ; not hon- 
est ; not lawful or according to established rules or cus- 
toms. 9. Hateful ; ugly ; loathsome. 10. Disgraceful ; 
shameful. 11. Coarse; gross. 12. Full of gross humors 
or impurities. 13. Full of weeds. — 14. Among seamen^ 
entangled ; hindered from motion ; opposed to clear. 15. 
Covered with weeds or barnacles. IG. Not fair ; contrary. 
17. Not favorable or safe ; dangerous. — To fall foul, 1. Is 
to rush on with haste, rough force and unseasonable vio- 
lence. 2. To run against. 

FOUL, V. t. [Sax. fulian, gefylan.] To make filthy ; to 
defile ; to daub ; to dirty ; to bemire ; to soil. 

t FOUL'DER, V. i. To emit great heat. Spenser. 

FOULED, pp. Defiled; dirtied. 

FOUL'FaCED, a. Having an ugly or hateful visage. 

FOUL-FEED'ING, a. Gross; feeding grossly. Hall. 

FOUL'ING, ppr. Making foul ; defiling. 

FOUL'LY, ado. 1. Filthily; nastily; hatefully; scandal- 
ously ; disgracefully ; shamefully. 2. Unfairly ; not hon- 
estly. 

FOUL'MOUTHED, a. Using language scurrilous, oppro- 
brious, obscene or profane ; uttering abuse, or profane or 
obscene words ; accustomed to use bad language. 

FOUL'NESS, V. 1. Tlie quality of being foul or filthy; 
filthiness ; defilement. 2. Tl'lie quality or state of con- 
taining or being covered with any thing extraneous which 
is noxious or offensive. 3. Pollution ; impurity. 4. Hate- 
fulness ; atrociousriess. 5. Ugliness; deformity. 6. Un- 
fairness ; dishonesty ; want of candor. 

FOUL'SPO-KEN, a. 1. Slanderous. Shak. 2. Using pro- 
fane, scurrilous or obscene language. 

FOU'MART, n. [Scot, fuum arte.] The polecat. 

FOUND, pret. and pp. of find. 

FOUND, V. t. [h.fando; Fr. fonder.] 1. To lay the basis 
of any thing ; to set, or place, as on something solid for 
support. 2. To begin and build ; to lay the foundation, 
and raise a superstructure. 3. To set or place ; to estab- 
lish, as on something solid or durable. 4. To begin ; to 
form or lay the basis. 5. To give birth to ; to originate. 
6. To set ; to place ; to establish on a basis. 7. To fix 
firmly. 

FOUND, V. t. [h.fundo; Fr. fondre.] To cast ; to form by 
melting a metal and pouring it into a mold. 

FOUN-Da'TION, 77. [Ij. fuiidatio.] 1. The basis of an edi- 
fice ; that part of a building which lies on the ground. 2. 
The act of fixing the basis. 3. The basis or ground-work 
of any thing. 4. Original ; rise. 5. Endowment ; a do- 
jiation or legacy appropriated to support an institution. 
6. Plstablishment ; settlement. 

FOUN-Da'TION-LESS, a. Having no foundation. 

FOUND'ED, jip. Set ; fixed ; established on a basis ; begun 
and built. 

FOUND'ER, 77. 1. One that founds, establishes and erects; 
one that lays a foundation. 2. One who begins ; an au- 
thor ; one from whom any thing originates. 3. One who 


I endows ; one who furnishes a permanent fund for the 
support of an institution. — 4. [Fr. fondcur.] A caster; 
one who casts metals. 

FOUND'ER, V. i. [Fr. /o77d7-c.] 1. In seamen^s language, to 
fill or be filled, and sink, as a ship. 2. To fail ; to mis- 
carry. 3. To trip ; to fall. 

FOUND'ER, V. t. To cause internal inflammation and great 
soreness in the feet of a horse. 

FOUND'ERED, pp. Made lame in the feet by inflammation 
and extreme tenderness. 

f FOUND'ER-OUS, a. Failing; liable to perish; ruinous. 
Burke. 

FOUND'ER-Y, n. [Fr. fonderie.] 1. The art of casting 
metals into various forms for use ; the casting of statues. 
2. The house and works occupied in casting metals. 

FOUND'LING, n. A deserted or exposed infant; a child 
found without a parent or owner. 

FOUND'RESS, n. A female founder ; a woman who founds 
or establishes, or who endows with a fund. 

FOUNT, I 71. [Ij. fans Fr. foil table ; S^. f acute.] 1. 

FOUNT'AIN, ^ A spring, or source of water ; properly, a 
spring or issuing of wmter from the earth. 2. A small 
basin of springing water. 3. A jet ; a spouting of water ; 
an artificial spring. 4. The head or source of a river. 5. 
Original ; first principle or cause ; the source of anything. 
— Fount of types. See Font. 

FOUNT'AIN-HEAD, n. Primary source ; original; first 
principle. Young. 

FOUNT'AIN-LESS, a. Having no fountain ; wanting a 
spring. Milton. 

FOUNT'AIN-TREE, n. In the Canary isles, a tree which 
distills water from its leaves. 

FOUNT'FTJL, a. Full of springs. Chapman. 

Four, a. [Sax. feower ^ G.inc'^.] Twice two. 

F5URBE, 77. [Fr.] A tricking fellow ; a cheat. 

FoUR'FoLD, a. Four double; quadruple; four times 
told. 

FoUR'FoLD, 11 . Four times as much. 

FoUR'FoLD, V. t. To assess in a fourfold ratio. [J\Tot au- 
thorized.] 

FoUR'FOQT-ED, a. Quadruped ; having four feet. 

FOUR'RIER, 11 . [Fr.] A harbinger. [ATot English.] 

Four score, a. Four times twenty ; eighty. It is used 
elliptically for fourscore years. 

FOUR'SQUARE, a. Having four sides and four angles 
equal ; quadrangular. Raleigh. 

FoUR'TEEN, a. [four and ten; Sax. feowertyn.] Four 
and ten ; twice seven. 

FoUR'TEENTH, a. The ordinal of fourteen; the fourth 
after the tenth. 

Fourth, a. The ordinal of four ; the next after the third. 

Fourth, n. in music, an interval composed of two tones 
and a semitone. 

FoURTH'LY, adv. In the fourth place. 

FoUR'WHEELED, a. Having or running on four wheels. 

FoU'TER, 77. A despicable fellow. Brocket. 

t Fc5U-TRa', 77. [Fr. foutre.] A fig ; a scoff. Shak. 

FOU'TY, a. [Fr./o77t77.] Despicable. 

FO-VTL'LA, 77. A fine substance, imperceptible to the 
naked eye, emitted from the pollen of flowers. 

FOWL, 77. [Sax. fugel, fugl.] A flying or winged animal ; 
a bird. — Fowl is used as a collective noun ; as, we dined on 
fish and fowl. 

FOWL, V. i. To catch or kill wild fowls for game. 

FOWL'ER, 77. A sportsman who pursues wild fowls, or 
takes or kills them for food. 

FOWL'ING, ppr. Pursuing or taking wild fowls. 

FOWL'ING, 77. The art or practice of catching or shooting 
fowls ; also, falconry . 

FOWL'ING-PIeCE, 11 . A light gun for shooting fowls. 

FOX, 77. [Sax./o3;.] 1. An animal of the genus canis, with 
a straight tail, yellowish or straw-colored hair, and erect 
ears, remarkable for cunning. 2. A sly, cunning fellow. 
— 3. In seameiPs language, a seizing made by twisting 
several rope-yarns together. 4. Formerly, a cant expres- 
sion for a sword. Shak. 

t FOX, V. t. To intoxicate ; to stupefy. Boyle. 

t FOX'CASE, 77. The skin of a fox. L^Estrange. 

FOX'CHASE, 77. The pursuit of a fox with hounds. 

t FOX'ER-Y, 77. Behavior like that of a fox. Chaucer. 

FOX'E-VIL, 77. A disease in which the hair falls off. 

FOX'FISH, 77. A fish. 

FOX'GLoVE, 77. The name of a plant, the digitalis. 

FOX'HOUND, 77. A hound for chasing foxes. 

FOX'HUNT, 77. The chase or hunting of a fox. 

FOX'HUNT-ER, n. One who hunts or pursues foxes with 
hounds. 

FOX'ISH, ) 

FOX'LIKE, > a. Resembling a fox in qualities ; cunning. 

FOX'LY, ) 

FOX'SHIP, 77 . The character or qualities of a fox ; cun- 
ning. Shak. 

FOX'TaIL, 77 . A species of grass, the alopecurus. 

FOX'TRAP, 77 . A trap, or a gin or snare, to catch foxes. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete 


FRA 


358 FRA 


f FOX'Y, a. Pertaining to foxes j wily. 

f FOY, n. [Fr. /oi.] Faith. Spenser. 

FOY, n. [Texxi. foey.'] A feast given by one who is about to 
leave a place. England's Jests. 

FOY'SON. See Foison. 

FKa'€AS, 71. [Fr.] An uproar j a noisy quarrel 3 a dis- 
turbance. 

t FKACT, V. t. To break. 

FIlA€'TION, 71. \1j. fr actio ¥t, fraction.'] 1. The act of 
breaking, or state of being broken, especially by violence. 
— 2. In arithmetic and algebra^ a broken part of an ijite- 
gral or integer. 

FRA€'TION-AL, a. Belonging to a broken number j com- 
prising a part or the parts of a unit. 

FllA€'T[OLJS, a. Apt to break out into a passion j apt to 
quarrel ; cross ; snappish. 

FIlA€'TIOUS-LY, ado. Passionately; snappishly. 

FKA€fTIOUS-NESS, n. A cross or snappish temper. 

F11A€T'UIIE, n. [L. fractara.] 1. A breach in any body, 
especially a breach caused by violence ; a rupture of a 
solid body. — 2. In surgery, the rupture or disruption of a 
bone. — 3. In mineralogy , the manner in which a mineral 
breaks, and by which its texture is displayed. 

FllA€T'tJIlE, V. t. To break ; to burst asunder; to crack ; 
to separate continuous parts. 

FRAET'trilED, pp. Broken; cracked. 

FRACT'UR-ING, ppr. Breaking ; bursting asunder ; crack- 
ing. 

FRAG'lLE, a. [E. frag'ilis.] 1. Brittle ; easily broken. 2. 
Weak ; liable to fail; easily destroyed. Milton. 

FRA-GIL'I-TY, n. 1. Brittleness; easiness to be broken. 
2. Weakness ; liableness to fail. 3. Frailty ; liableness 
to fault. 

FRAG'MENT, n. \1 j. fragmentum.] 1. A part broken off ; 
a piece separated from an > thing by breaking. 2. A part 
separated from the rest ; an imperfect part. 3. A small 
detached portion. 

FRAG'MENT-A-RY, a. Composed of fragments. 

FRa'GOR, n. [L.] 1. A loud and sudden sound ; the re- 

port of any thing bursting ; a loud, harsh sound ; a crash. 
2. A strong or sweet scent ; [065.] 

FRa'GRANCE, 1 n. [Ju. fragrantia.] Sweetness of smell ; 

FRa'GRAN-CY, I tliat quality of bodies which affects the 
olfactory nerves with an agreeable sensation ; pleasing 
scent ; grateful odor. 

FRa'GRANT, a. Sweet of smell ; odorous. Milton. 

FRa'GRANT-LY, ado. With sweet scent. Mortimer. 

FRAIL, a. [Fc.fr^le-, \t. frale.] 1. Weak ; infirm ; liable 
to fail and decay ; subject to casualties ; easily destroyed ; 
perishable ; not firm or durable. 2. Weak in mind or 
resolution ; liable to error or deception. 3. Weak ; easi- 
ly broken or overset. 

FRAIL, 71. [Norm, fraile ] 1. A basket made of rushes. 

2. A rush for weaving baskets. 3. A certain quantity of 
raisins, about 75 pounds. 

FRaIL'NESS, 71. Weakness; infirmity. 

FRaIL'TY, 71. 1. Weakness of resolution ; infirmity ; lia- 
bleness to be deceived or seduced. 2. Frailness ; infirm- 
ity of body. 3. Fault proceeding from weakness ; foible ; 
sin ofjnfirmity. 

FRaI'SCHEUR, 71. [Fr.] Freshness ; coolness. [JSTot Eng- 
lish.] Dryden. 

FRAISE, 71. [Fr.] In fortification, a defense consisting of 
pointed stakes driven into the retrenchments, parallel to 
the horizon. 2. A pancake with bacon in it; [oZis.] 

FRAINI, a. [Icel. /rawur.] Tender; brittle. Written also 
frem and frim. Craven dialect. 

FRAME, V. t. [Sax. fremman.] 1. To fit or prepare and 
unite several parts in a regular structure or entire thing ; 
to fabricate by orderly construction and union of various 
parts. 2. To fit one thing to another ; to adjust ; to make 
suitable. 3. To make ; to compose. 4. To regulate ; to 
adjust ; to shape ; to conform. 5. To form and digest by 
thought. 6. To contrive ; to plan ; to devise. 7. To in- 
vent ; to fabricate. 

FRAME, 71.1. To contrive. Judges, xii. G. 

FRAME, 71. 1. The timbers of an edifice fitted and joined 
in the form proposed, for the purpose of supporting the 
covering. 2. Any fabric or structure composed of parts 
united. 3. Any kind of case or structure made for admit- 
ting, inclosing or supporting things. — 4. Among printers, 
a stand to support the cases in which the types are dis- 

' tributed. — 5. Among founders, a kind of ledge, inclosing 
aboard, which, being filled with wet sand, serves as a 
mold for castings. 6. A sort of loom, on which linen, silk, 
&c. is stretched for quilting or embroidering. 7. Order; 
regularity ; adjusted series or composition of parts. 8. 
Form ; scheme ; structure ; constitution ; system. 9. Con- 
trivance ; projection. 10. Shape ; form ; proportion. 

FRaME'WORK, 71. Work done in a frame. Milton. 

FRAMED, pp. Fitted and united in due form ; made ; com- 
posed ; devised ; adjusted. 

FRAM'ER, 71. One who frames ; a maker ; a contriver. 

FRaM'ING, ppr. Fitting and joining in due construction ; 


making ; fabricating ; composing ; adjusting ; inventing j 
contriving. 

I FRAMToLD, a. Peevish ; rugged. Racket. 

FRAN'CHlSE, (fran'chiz) n. [Fr.] 1. A particular privi- 

lege or right granted by a prince or sovereign to an indi- 
vidual, or to a number of persons. 2. Exemption from a 
burden or duty to which others are subject. 3. The dis- 
trict or jurisdiction to which a particular privilege ex- 
tends ; the limits of an immunity. 4. An asylum or sanc- 
tuary, where persons are secure from arrest. 

FRAN'CHiSE, v. t. To make free ; but enfranchise is more 
generally used. Shak. 

FRAN'CHISE-MENT, 71. Release from burden or restric- 
tion ; freedom. Spenser. 

FRAN^CIC, a. Pertaining to the Franks or French. 

FRAN-CIS'CAN, a. Belonging to the order of St. Fran- 
cis. ^ 

FRAN-CIS'CAN, n. One of the order of St. Francis. They 
are called, also. Gray Friars. 

FRAN-Gl-BIL'I-TY, n. The state or quality of being fran- 
gible. 

FRAN'Gl-BLE, a. [L./m7i^o.] That may be broken ; brit- 
tle ; fragile ; easily broken. 

fFRANMON, 71- A paramour, or a boon companion. Spen- 
ser. 

FRANK, a. [Fr. franc ; It., Sp. franco ; G. frank.] 1. 
Open ; ingenuous ; candid ; free in uttering real senti- 
ments ; not reserved ; using no disguise. 2. Open ; in- 
genuous. 3. Liberal ; generous ; not niggardly. 4. Free ; 
without conditions or compensation. 5. Licentious; un- 
restrained ; [oi5.] 

FRANK, or FRANC, 71. 1. An ancient coin of France. 

2. A letter which is exempted from postage ; or the writ- 
ing which renders it free. 3. A sty for swine ; [not 
used.'] 

FRANK, 71. 1. A name given by the Turks, Greeks and 
Arabs to any of the inhabitants of the western parts of 
Europe. 2. An inhabitant of Franconia in Germany. 

FRANK, V. t. 1. To exempt, as a letter from the charge 
of postage. 2. To shut up in a sty or frank ; [not used.] 

3. To feed high ; to cram ; to fatten ; [06*'.] 

FRANK-AL-MOIGNE', (frank-al-moin') n. [frank, and 

Norm, ahnoignes.] Free alms ; in English law, a tenure 
by which a religious corporation hold lands to them and 
their successors forever, on condition of praying for the 
soul of the donor. 

FRANK'CHASE, n. A liberty of free chase. 

FRANKED, pp. Exempted from postage. 

FRANK'FEE, 71. Freehold ; a holding of lands in fee sim- 
ple. Encyc. 

* FRANK-IN'CENSE, or FRANKTN-CENSE, 71. [frank 
and incense.] A dry, resinous substance, in pieces or drops, 
of a pale, yellowish-white color, of a bitterish, acrid taste, 
and very inflammable, used as a perfume. 

FRANK'ING, ppr. Exempting from postage. 

FRANK'ISH, a. Relating to the Franks. Verstegan. 

FRANK'LAW, n. Free or common law, or the benefit a 
person has by it. 

t FRANK'LIN, 71. A freeholder. Spenser. 

FRANK'IjIN-ITE, 71. A mineral compound. 

FRANK'LY, fldi;. 1. Openly; freely; ingenuously; with- 
out reserve, constraint or disguise. 2. Liberally ; freely ; 
readily. 

FRANK'MAR-RIAGE, n. A tenure in tail special. 

FRANK'NESS, 71. 1. Rlainness of speech; candor; free- 
dom in communication ; openness ; ingenuousness. 2. 
Fairness ; freedom from art or craft. 3. Liberality ; 
bounteousness ; [little used.] 

FRANK'PLEDGE, n. A pledge or surety for the good be- 
havior of freemen. 

FRANK-TEN'E-MENT, n. An estate of freehold ; the pos- 
session of the soil by a freeman. 

FRAN'TIG, a. [L. phreneticus.] 1. Mad ; raving ; furious ; 
outrageous ; wild and disorderly ; distracted. 2. Charac- 
terized by violence, fury and disorder ; noisy ; mad ; 
wild ; irregular. 

FRAN'TI€-LY, ado. Madly; distractedly; outrageously. 

FRAN'TI€-NESS, 71 Madness; fury of passion; distrac- 
tion. 

FRAP, 75. t. In seamen^s language, to cross and draw to- 
gether the several parts of a tackle to increase the ten- 
sion. 

FRA-TERN'AL, o. [Yr.fraternel ~L. f rater n7is.] Brother- 
15^ ; pertaining to brethren ; becoming brothers. 

FRA-TERN'AL-LY, ado. In a brotherly manner. 

FRA-TERN'I-TY, 71. [L. fraternitas.] 1. The state or 
quality of a brother ; brotherhood. 2. A body of men as- 
sociated for their common interest or pleasure ; a compa- 
ny ; a brotherhood ; a society. 3. Men of the same class, 
profession, occupation or character. 

FRA-TER-NT-Za'TION, 71. The act of associating and 
holding fellowship as brethren. Burke. 

FRA-TERN'iZE, v. i. To associate or hold fellowship as 
brothers, or as men of like occupation. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


FRE 


350 


FRE 


FRAT'RT-CIDE, n. fratricidium.'] 1. The crime of 
murdering a brother. 2. One who murders a brother. 

FRAUD, 7?. [L./z-aji.?.] Deceit; deception; trick; artifice 
by wliich the right or interest of another is injured. 

FKAUD'FljL, «. 1. Deceitful in making bargains; trick- 
isii ; treacherous. 2. Containing fraud or deceit. 

FRALJlFFIj L-LY, adc. Deceitfully ; with intention to de- 
ceive and gain an undue advantage ; trickishly ; treache- 
rously ; by stratagem. 

FRAUD'IJ-LENCE, ) n. Deceitfulness ; trickislmess in 

FllALJlFLT-IiEN-CY, i making bargains, or in social 
concerns. 

FRAUD'U-LENT, a. 1. Deceitful in making contracts; 
trickish. 2. Containing fraud ; founded on fraud ; pro- 
ceeding from fraud. 3. Deceitful ; treacherous. 

FRAUD'LT-LENT-LY, adv. By fraud; by deceit; by arti- 
fice or imposition. 

FRAUGHT, (frawt) a. [D. vragt ; G. fracht.] 1. Laden; 
loaded ; charged. 2. Filled ; stored ; full. 

t FRAUGHT, 71. A freight; a cargo. Dryden. 

t FRAUGHT, V. t. To load ; to fill ; to crowd. Shale. 

t FRAUGHT' AGE, 71. Loading; cargo. Shak. 

FRAY, 7f. [Fr. fracas.'] L A broil, quarrel, or violent riot, 
that puts men in fear. 2. A combat ; a battle ; also, a 
single combat or duel. 3. A contest ; contention. 4. A 
rul) ; a fret or chafe in cloth ; a place injured by rubbing. 

t FRAY, V. t. To fright ; to terrify. Spenser. 

FRAY, 77. t. [Fr. frayer.] 1. To rub; to fret, as cloth by 
wearing. 2 To rub. 

FRAYED, pp. Frightened; rubbed; worn. 

FRaY'IN(4, ppr. P'rightening ; terrifying; rubbing. 

FRAY'IN^G, 77. Peel of a deer’s horn. B, Jonson. 

FRkAK, 77. [Ice. freka.] 1. Literally a sudden starting 
or change of place. 2. A sudden, causeless change or turn 
onhe mind ; a whim or fancy ; a capricious prank. 

FREAK, V. t. To variegate; to checker. 

FReAKED, pp. Variegated ; checkered. 

FREAK' liVG, jipr. Variegating. 

FReAK'ISH, a. Apt to change the mind suddenly; whim- 
sical ; capricious. L^Estrangc. 

FReAK'ISH-LY, adv. Capriciously ; with sudden change 
of mind, without cause. 

FReAK'ISH-NESS, 77. Capriciousness; whimsicalness. 

FREC'KLE, 77. 1. A spot of a yellowish color in the skin. 

2. Any small spot or discoloration. 

FREC'KLED, a. 1. Spotted ; having small yellowdsli spots 
on the skin or surface. 2. Spotted. 

FRE€'KLED-NESS, n. The state of being freckled. 

FREC'KLE-FaCED, a. Having a face full of freckles. 

FRECK'LY, a. Full of freckles ; sprinkled ^yith spots. 

FRED, Sax. frith, Dan.frcd, Sw.frid, G.friedc, I), vreede, 
peace; as in Frederic, dominion of peace, or ricli in 
peace ; Winfred, victorious peace. 

FREE, a. [Sax. frig, freoh.] L Being at liberty ; not be- 
ing under necessity or restraint, physical or moral. — 2. In 
/ro?7er?77?7e77t, not enslaved ; not in a state of vassalage or 
dependence ; subject only to fixed laws, made by consent. 

3. Instituted by a free people ; not arbitrary or despotic. 

4. Not imprisoned, confined or under arrest. 5. Uncon- 
strained ; unrestrained ; not under compulsion or control. 
C. Permitted; allowed; open; not appropriated. 7. Not 
obstructed. 8. Licentious ; unrestrained. 9. Open ; can- 
did ; frank; ingenuous; unreserved. 10. Liberal in ex- 
penses; not parsimonious. Jl. Gratuitous; not gained 
by importunity or purchase. 12. Clear of crime or offense ; 
guiltless ; innocent. 13. Not having feeling or suflering; 
clear ; exempt. 14. Not encumbered witli. 15. Open to 
all ; without restriction or without expense. 16. Invested 
with franchises ; enjoying certain immunities; with of. 

17. Possessing without vassalage or slavish conditions. 

18. Liberated from the government or control of parents, 
or of a guardian or master. 19. Ready ; eager ; not dull ; 
acting without spurring or whipping. 20. Genteel ; 
charming ; [not in 7ts7?.] 

FREE, v. t. 1. To remove from a thing any encumbrance 
or obstruction ; to disengage from ; to rid ; to strip ; to 
clear. 2. To set at liberty ; to rescue or release from 
slavery, captivity or confinement ; to loose. 3. To disen- 
tangle ; to disengage. 4. To exempt. 5. To manumit; 
to release from bondage. 6. To clear from water ; as a 
sliip by pumping. 7. To release from obligation or duty. 

' — To free from, or free of, is to rid ^f, by removing in any 
manner. 

FREE-BENCIT', n. A widow’s dower in a copyhold. 

FREE'BOOT-ER, 77. [D, vrylmiter G. freib enter.] One 
who wanders about for plunder; a robber; a pillager; a 
])lundercr. 

FREE'BOOT-ING, n. Robbery ; plunder ; a pillaging. 

FREE'BORN, 71. Born free; not in vassalage; inheriting 
liberty. 

FREE-CH AP'EL, n. In Emrland, a chapel founded by the 
kin", and not subject to the jurisdiction of the ordinary. 

FREE'GOST, n. Without expense ; freedom from charges. 
South. 


FREED, pp. get at liberty; loosed; delivered from re- 
straint; cleared of hinderance or obstruction. 

FREE-DEN'I-ZEN, 77. A citizen. Jackson. 

FREE-DEN'I-ZEN, v. t. [free and dcniicn.] To make 
free. Bp. Hall. 

FREED'MAN, n. A man who has been a slave and is man- 
umitted. 

FREE'DOM, 71. 1. A state of exemption from the power or 
control of another ; liberty ; exemption from slavery, ser- 
vitude or confinement. 2. Particular privileges ; fran- 
chise ; immunity. 3. Power of enjoying franchises. 4. 
Exemption from fate, necessity, or any constraint in con- 
sequence of predetermination or otherwise. 5. Any ex- 
emption from constraint or control. 6. Ease or facility of 
doing any thing. 7. Frankness ; boldness. 8. License ; 
improper familiarity ; violation of the rules of decorum ; 
with a plural. 

FREE-FISH'ER-Y, v. A royal franchise or exclusive privi- 
lege of fishing in a public river. 

I FREE'FQOT-ED, a. Not restrained in marching. 

FREE-HEA’RT'ED, 77. [See Heart.] 1. Open; frank; un- 
reserved. 2. Liberal; charitable; generous. 

FREE-HEaRT'ED-NESS, 71. Frankness ; openness of 
heart ; liberality. Burnet. 

FREE HOLD, n. That land or tenement whicli is held in 
fee-simple, fee-tail, or for term of life. — In the United 
States, a freehold is an estate which a man holds in his 
own riglit, subject to no superior nor to conditions. 

FREE'HoLD-ER, 71. One who owns an estate in fee-simple, 
fee-tail or for life ; the possessor of a freehold. 

FREEZING, ppr. Delivering from restraint ; releasing from 
confinement ; removing incumbrances or hinderances 
from any thing ; clearing. 

FREE'LY, ado. 1. At liberty ; without vassalage, slavery 
or dependence. 2. Without restraijit, constraint or com- 
pulsion ; voluntarily. 3. Plentifully ; in abundance. 4. 
Without scruple or reserve. 5. Without impediment or 
hinderance. 6. Without necessity, or compulsion from 
divine predetermination. 7. Without obstruction ; large- 
ly ; copiously. 8. Spontaneously ; without constraint or 
persuasion. 9. Liberally ; generously. 10. Gratuitously ; 
of free will or grace, without purchase or consideration. 

FREE'JMAN, 77. 1. One who enjoys liberty, or who is not 
subject to the will of another ; one not a slave or vassal. 
2. One who enjoys or is entitled to a franchise or peculiar 
privilege. 

FREE'Ma-SON, 77. One of the fraternity of masons. 

FREE'AllND-ED, a. Not perplexed ; free from care. 

FREE'NESS^ n. 1. The state or quality of being free, un- 
constrained, unconfined, unincumbered or unobstructed. 
2. Openness ; unreservedness ; frankness ; ingenuous- 
ness ; candor. 3. Liberality ; generosity. 4. Gratuitous- 
ness. 

FRe'ER, 77. One who gives freedom. 

FREE'SUHOOIi, n. I. A school supported by funds, &;c., 
in which pupils are taught without paying for tuition. 2. 
A school open to admit pupils without restriction. 

FREE'SPO-KEN, a. Accustomed to speak without reserve. 

FREE'STONE, n. Any species of stone composed of sand 
or grit, so called because it is easily cut or wrought. 

FREE'THINK-ER, n. A softer name for a deist; an unbe- 
liever ; one who discards revelation. 

FREE'THINK-ING, 77 . Unbelief. Berkeley. 

P'REE'ToNGUED, a. Speaking without reserve. 

I^REE-WAR'REN, n. A royal franchise or exclusive right 
of killing beasts and fowls of warren within certain lim- 
its. 

FRflE-WILL', 77 . 1. The power of directing our own ac- 
tions without restraint by necessity or fate. 2. Volunta- 
riness ; spontaneousness. 

FREE'WOM-AN, n. A woman not a slave. 

FREEZE,’ y. 7 . ; pret./7‘77:e ; pp. frozen, or froze. [Sax. fry- 
6-77 77 .] ]. To be congealed by cold ; to be changed from a 

liquid to a solid state by the abstraction of heat; to be 
hardened into ice or a like solid body. 2. To be of that 
degree of cold at which water congeals. 3. To chill ; to 
stagnate, or to retire from the extreme vessels. 4. To be 
chilled ; to shiver with cold. 5. To die by means of cold. 

FREEZE, v.t. I. To congeal; to harden into ice; to 
change from a fluid to a solid form by cold, or abstraction 
of heat. 2. To kill by cold 3. To chill ; to give the sen- 
sation of cold and shivering. 

FREEZE, in architecture. See Frieze. 

FREIGHT, (frate) n. [D. vragt G. fracht.] 1. The car- 
go, or any part of the cargo of a ship ; lading ; that which 
is carried by water. 2. 'rransportation of goods. 3. The 
hire of a ship, or money charged or paid for the transpor- 
tation of goods. 

FREIGHT, V. t. I. To load with goods, as a ship or vessel 
of any kind, for transporting them from one place to an- 
other. 2. To load, as the burden. 

FREIGHT'ED, pp. Loaded, as a ship or vessel. 

FREIGHT'ER, n. One who loads a ship, or one who char- 
ters and loads a ship. 


See Sijnopsis. IMOVE, BOOK, D6VE BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


FRE 


360 FRl 


FREIGHT'ING, ppr. Loading, as a ship or vessel. 

FRElS 'LE-BEN, n. A mineral of a bluish color. 

FREMMED, a. [Sax. frem^d.] Strange 3 not related 3 for- 
eign 3 uncommon. Grose. 

t FKEN, w. A stranger. Spenser. 

FRENCII, a. Pertaining to France, or its inhabitants. 

FRENCH, n. The language spoken by tlie people of France. 

FRENCH-(jIRASS, ti. Saint-foin. 

FRENCH-HORN, n. A wind instrument of music, made 
of metal. 

FRENCHvI-Fy, V. t. To make French 3 to infect with the 
manner of the French. Camden. 

FRENCil'LIKE, a. Resembling the French. Bp. Hall. 

FRE-NETTC. See Frantic and Phrenetic. 

FREN'ZfED, part. a. Aflected with madness. 

FREN'ZY, n. [Ft. frenesic ; I,, phrenitis.] Madness; dis- 
traction ; rage ; or any violent agitation of the mind, ap- 
pmaching to distraction. 

FRK'aUENCE, n. [Fr.; h.frequcntia.] A crowd ; a throng 3 
a concourse ; an assembly. [Little iised.] Milton. 

FRK'UUEN-CY, /t. 1. A return or occurrence of a thing 
often repeated at short intervals. 2. A crowd 3 a throng 3 
[o/M’.] 

FRk'OUENT, a. [Fr. ; L. frequens."] 1. Often seen or 
done 3 often happening at short intervals ; often repeated 
or occurring. 2. Used often to practice any thing. 3. 
Full ; crowded 3 thronged 3 [oZ/s.] 

* FRe'OUENT, or FRE-OUENT', V. t. [Jj. frcquento.'] To 
visit otlen 3 to resort to often or habitually. 

t FRE-CIUENT^A-BLE, a. Accessible. Sidney. 

FRE-OUEN-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of frequenting. 2. 
The habit of visiting often. 

FRE-t^UENT'A-TlVE, a. [It. frequentativo.] In grarnmar, 
signifying the frequent repetition of an action. 

* FRe'UUENT-ED, pp. Often visited. 

* FRe OUENT-ER, n. One who often visits or resorts to 
customarily. 

FRj<: UUENT-LY, adv. Often 3 many times 3 at short in- 
tervals ; commonly. 

FRk'UUENT-NESS, n. The quality of being frequent or 
often repeated. 

FRES'GO, 11 . [it. fresco.'] 1. Coolness 3 shade 3 a cool, re - 
fVeshing state of the air ; duskiness. 2. A picture not 
drawn in glaring light, but in dusk. 3. A method of paint- 
ing in relief on walls, performed with water-colors on 
fresh plaster, or on a wall laid with mortar not yet dry. 
4. A cool, refreshing liquor. 

FRESH, a. [Sax./er»’c.] 1. Moving with celerity ; brisk; 

strong ; somewhat vehement. 2. Having the color and 
appearance of young, thrifty plants ; lively ; not impaired 
or faded. 3. Having the appearance of a Iiealthy youth ; 
florid; ruddy. 4. New; recently grown. 5. New; re- 
cently made or obtained. 6. Not impaired by time ; not 
forgotten or obliterated. 7. Not salt. 8 . Recently from 
the well or spring ; pure and cool ; not warm or vapid. 
9. In a state like that of recent growth or recentness. 10. 
Repaired from loss or diminution ; having new vigor. 11. 
New; that has lately come or arrived. 12. Sweet; in a 
good state ; not stale. 13. Unpracticed 3 unused ; not be- 
fore employed. 14. Moderately rapid. 

FRESH, n. A freshet. Beverly., Hist. Virginia. 

FRESH'-BLoWN, a. Newly blown. 

FRESH EN, (fresh'n) v. t. 1. To make fresh ; to dulcify ; to 
separate, as water from saline particles ; to take saltness 
from any thing. 2. To refresh ; to revive ; [not used.] 
3. In seamen’s language, to apply new service to a cable. 

FRESH'EN, V. i. 1. To grow fresh 3 to lose salt or saltness. 

2. To grow brisk or strong. 

FRESH'ENED, pp. Deprived of saltness ; sweetened. 

FRESH'ES, n. 1. The mingling of fresh water with salt 
water in rivers or bays. Beverly. 2. A flood 3 an over- 
flowing ; an inundation ; a freshet. 

FRESH'ET, V. 1. A flood or overflowing of a river, by 
means of heavy rains or melted snow ; an inundation. 
J^ew England. 2. A stream of fresh water. Browne. 

FRESH-FoRCE', n. In law,n force done witliin forty days. 

FRESIELY, adv. 1. Newly ; in the former state renewed ; 
in a new or fresh state. 2. With a healthy look 3 ruddily. 

3. Briskly ; strongly. 4. Coolly. 

FRESH'MAN, n. 1. A novice ; one in the rudiments of 
kno^dedge. — 2. In colleges, one of the youngest class of 
students. 

FRESH'MAN-SHIP, n. The state of a freshman. 

t FRESH'.MENT, n. Refreshment. Cartwright. 

FRESH'NESS, n. 1. Newness ; vigor; spirit; the contrary 
to vapidness. 2. Vigor; liveliness; the contrary to a 
faded state. 3. Newness of strength ; renewed vigor; op- 
posed to weariness or fatigue. 4. Coolness; invigorating 
quality or state. 5. Color of youth and health ; ruddiness. 
6 . Freedom from saltness. 7. A new or recent state or 
quality; rawness. 8 . Briskness, as of wind. 

t FRESH'NEW, a. Unpracticed. Shak. 

FRESH'WA-TER, a. 1. Accustomed to sail on fresh water 
only, or iri the coasting trade. 2. Raw ; unskilled. 


FRESH'WA-TERED, a. Newly watered 3 supplied with 
fresh water. 

FRET, V. t. [Sw. /rdf.a.] 1. To rub 3 to wear away a sub- 
stance by friction. 2 . I’o corrode ; to gnaw ; to eat away. 
3. To impair 3 to wear away. 4. To form into raised 
work. 5. To variegate 3 to diversify. 6 . To agitate vio- 
lently. 7. To agitate ; to disturb ; to make rough 3 to 
cause to ripple. 8 . To tease ; to irritate ; to vex 3 to make 
angry. 9. I'o wear away ; to chafe ; to gall. 

FRET, v.i. J. To be worn away ; to be corroded. 2. To 
eat or wear in ; to make way by attrition or corrosion. 
3. To be agitated ; to be in violent commotion. 4. To be 
vexed ; to be chafed or irritated 3 to be angry 3 to utter 
peevish expressions. 

FRET, n. 1. The agitation of the surface of a fluid 3 a rip- 
pling on the surface of water ; small undulations continu- 
ally repeated. 2. Work raised in protuberances 3 or a 
kind of knot consisting of two lists or small fillets inter- 
laced, used as an ornament in architecture. 3. Agitation 
of mind ; commotion of temper 3 irritation. 4. A short 
piece of wire fixed on the finger-board of a guitar, &:c., 
which, being pressed against the strings, varies the tone. 
Busby. — 5. In heraldry, a bearing composed of bars cross- 
ed and interlaced. 

FRET, V. t. To furnish with frets. As. Res. 

FRET, n. [1j. f return.] A frith, which see. 

f FRET, a. Eaten away. Lev. xiii. 

FRETT’IJL, a. Disposed to fret 3 ill-humored 3 peevish ; 
angry ; in a state of vexation. 

FRET'FIjL-LY, adv. Peevishly 3 angrily. 

FRET'FUL-NEyS, n. Peevishness; ill-humor; disposition 
to fret and complain. 

FRETT, 71. With miners, the worn side of the bank of a 
river. Encyc. 

FRET'TED, pp. Eaten ; corroded ; rubbed or worn away 3 
agitated ; vexed ; made rough on the surface ; variegated 3 
ornamented with fretwork ; furnished with frets. 

FRET^TEN, a. Rubbed 3 marked; as, pock-fretten, marked 
with the small-pox. 

FRET'TER, n. That which frets. 

FRET'TING, ppr. Corroding; wearing away; agitating; 
vexing ; making rough on the surface 3 variegating. 

FRET''1'ING, 71. Agitation ; commotion. 

FRET'TY, a. Adorned with fretwork. 

FRe'TUM, 71. [L.] An arm of the sea. Ray. 

FRET' Work, 71. Raised work ; work adorned with frets. 

FRI-A-BIL'I-TY, | n. The quality of being easily broken, 

FRT'A‘-BLE-NESS, i crumbled and reduced to powder. 

FRl'A-BLE, «. [Ft. friable; h. friabilis.] Easily crumbled 
or pulverized ; easily reduced to powder. 

FRi'AR, 71 . [Fr. frere.] 1. An appellation common to the 
monks of all orders. Friars are generally distinguished 
into four principal branches, viz. : 1. Minors, Gray Friars 
or Franciscans ; 2. Augustines 3 3. Dominicans or Black 
Friars 3 4. White Friars or Carmelites. — 2. In a restricted 
sense, a monk who is not a priest. 

FRT'AR-LIKE, a. Like a friar 3 monastic 3 unskilled in the 
world. Knolles. 

FRPAR-LY, a. Like a friar 3 untaught in the affairs of life. 

FRI'AR’S-COWL, n. A plant, a species of arum, with a 
flower resembling a cowl. 

FRi'AR’S-LAN'TERN, 71 . The ignus fatuvs. Milton. 

FRT'AR-Y, 71. A monastery ; a convent of friars. 

FRi'AR-Y, a. Like a friar; pertaining to friars. 

FRIB'BLE, a. [L. frivolus ; Fr. frivole.] Frivolous 3 tri- 
fling ; silly. Brit. Crit. 

FRIB'BLE, 71. A frivolous, contemptible fellow. 

FRIB'BLE, V. i. To trifle; also, to totter. Tatler. 

FRIB'BLER, n. A trifler. Spectator. 

FRI'BORG, \ 71. [free and burg.] The same as frank- 

FRID'BURGH, \ pledge. Cowel. 

I FRIG' ACE, 71. Meat sliced and dressed with strong sauce; 
also, an unguent prepared by frying things together. 

FRIC-AS-SEE', 71. [Fr.] A dish of food made by cutting 
chickens, rabbits, or other small animals into pieces, and 
dressing them in a frying pan, or a like utensil. 

FRIG-AS-SEE', v. t. To dress in fricassee. 

FRI-Ga'TION, 71. [h.fricatio.] The act of rubbing 3 fric- 
tion. [^Little used.] Bacon. 

FRIG'TION, 71. [1j. fr'ictio ; Fr. friction.] 1. The act of rub- 
bing the surface of one body against that of another 3 attri- 
tion. — 2. In mechanics, the effect of rubbing, or the resist- 
ance which a moving body meets with from the surface on 
which it moves. — 3. In medicine, the rubbing of the body 
with the hand, or with a brush, flannel, &c. 

FRI'DAY, n. [Sax. frig-dwg ; G. freitag ; from Frig g a, the 
Venus of the north.] The sixth day of the week, formerly 
consecrated to Frigga. 

t FRIDGE, V. t. [Sax. /ricirtii.] To move hastily. 

FRID-STOLE. See Fred. 

FRIEND, (frend) n. [Sax. /reond.] 1. One who is attach- 
ed to another by affection ; opposed to foe or enemy. 2 . 
One not hostile. Shak. 3. One reconciled after enmity. 
4. An attendant ; a companion. 5. A favorer ; one who 


* See Synopsis. A, Ifi, T, o, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT 3 — PREY 3 — PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3 — t Obsolete. 


FRI 


361 


Is propitious. 6. A favorite. 7 . A term of salutation j a 
farniliar compellation. 8. Formerly ^ a paramour. — 9 . A 
friend at court, one who has sufficient interest to serve an- 
otJier. 

FRIEND, (frend) v. t. To favor ; to countenance ; to be- 
friend ; to support or aid. [We now use befriendA 

FRIEND'ED, (frend'ed) p;;. 1 . Favored ; befriended. 2 . a. 
Inclined to love ; well disposed. Shak. 

FRIEND'LESS, (frenddes) a. Destitute of friends j want- 
ing countenance or support ; forlorn. Pope. 

FRIEND LIKE, (frend like) a. Having the dispositions of a 
friend. 

FRIEND'LI-NESS, (frend'le-nes) n. 1 . A disposition to 
friendship ; friendly disposition. 2 . Exertion of benevo- 
lence or kindness. 

FRIEND'LV, (frend'ly) a. 1 . Having the temper and dis- 
position of a friend ; kind : favorable ; disposed to pro- 
mote the good of another. 2 . Disposed to peace. 3 . Am- 
icable. 4 . Not hostile. 5 . Favorable j propitious 3 salu- 
tary 3 promoting the good of. 

FRIEND'LY, (frend ly) ado. In the manner of friends 3 am- 
icably. [JVut much used.] Shak. 

FRIEND'iSIHP, (frend ship) n. 1 . An attachment to a per- 
son, proceeding from intimate acquaintance, and a recip- 
rocation of kind offices, or from a fovorable opinion of the 
amiable and respectable qualities of his mind. Friendship 
differs from benevolence, which is good will to mankind in 
general, and from that love which springs from animal ap- 
petite. 2 . IMutual attachment 5 intimacy. 3 . Favor 3 
personal kindness. 4 . Friendly aid 5 help 3 assistance. 
5 . Conformity ; affinity 3 correspondence 5 aptness to unite. 

FRIeZE, or FR'iZE, (freez) n. [?p. /Wsa.] L Properly, 
the nap on woolen cloth 3 hence, a kind of coarse woolen 
cloth or stuff, with a nap on one side. — 2 . In architecture, 
that part of the entablature of a column wliich is between 
the architrave and cornice. 

FRlEZED,_a. Napped 5 shaggy with nap or frieze. 

FRIeZE'LiKE, a. Resembling frieze. Addison. 

FRIG'ATE, n. [Fr. freaate.^ 1 . A sliip of war, of a size 
larger than a sloop or brig, and less than a ship of the line 3 
usually having two decks. 2 . Any small vessel on the 
water ; 

FRlG'ATE-BuILT, a. Having a quarter deck and forecas- 
tle raised above the main deck. 

FRIG-A-TOON', n. A Venetian vessel. 

FRIG-E-FA€'TION, n. [L. frigus and facio.'] The act of 
making cold. [Little a.vcd.] Diet. 

FRiGH'J', (frite) //. [Dan. /ry/ft ; Sax. /yr/ffo.] Sudden and 
violent fear , terror 3 a passion excited by the sudden ap- 
pearance of danger. 

FRIGHT, or FRIGHT'EN, v. t. To terrify 3 to scare 3 to 
alarm suddenly with danger 3 to shock suddenly with 
the approach of evil 3 to daunt 3 to dismay. 

FRTGllT'ED, \ pp. Terrified 3 suddenly alarmed with 

FKIGHT'ENED, i danger. 

FRlGIIT'FlJL, a. Terrible 3 dreadful 3 exciting alarm 3 im- 
pressing terror. 

FRIGHT'FUL-LY, ado. 1 . Terribly 3 dreadfully 3 in a man- 
ner to impress terror and alarm 3 horribly. 2 . Very disa- 
greeably 5 shockingly. 

FRIGHT'FIJL-NESS, n. The quality of impressing terror. 

FRIG'ID, a. [L. frigidus.] 1 . Cold 5 wanting heat or 
warmth. 2 . Wanting warmth of affection 3 unfeeling. 
3 . Wanting natural heat or vigor sufficient to excite the 
generative power 5 impotent. 4 . Dull 5 jejune 3 unani- 
mated ; wanting the fire of genius or fancy. 5 . Stiff' 5 for- 
mal 5 forbidding. 6. Wanting zeal 3 dull 3 formal 3 lifeless. 

FRt-GID'I-TY, n. 1 . Coldness 3 want of warmth. 2 . 
Want of natural heat, life and vigor of body 3 impoten- 
cy ; imbecility. 3 . Coldness of affection. 4 . Dullness 3 
want of animation or intellectual fire. 

FRIG'ID-LY, ado. Coldly 3 dully 3 without affection. 

FRIG ID-NESS, 71. Coldness 3 dullness 3 want of heat or 
vigor 5 want of affection. See Frigidity. 

FRIG-O-RIF IC, a. [Fr. frigorifique.] Causing cold 3 pro- 
ducing or generating cold. Quincy. 

FRILL, 71 . An edging of fine linen, on the bosom of a shirt 
or other similar thing 3 a ruffle. 

FRILL, V. i. [Fr. frileux.] To shake 3 to quake 3 to shiver 
as with cold. 

fFRLM, a. [Sax. /rcoia.] Flourishing. Draijton. 

FRINGE, (frinj) n. [Fr. /range.] 1 . An ornamental ap- 
pendage to the borders of garments or furniture, consist- 
ing of loose threads. 2 . Something resembling fringe 3 an 
open, broken border. 

FRINGE, V. t. To adorn or border with fringe or a loose edg- 
ing. 

FRINGED, pp. Bordered witli fringe. 

FRINGE'Ma-KER, n. One who makes fringe. 

FRING'ING, ppr. Bordering with fringe. 

FRING'Y, a. Adorned with fringes. Shak. 

FRIP PER, 71 . [Fr.frippier.] A dealer in old things 3 a bro- 
ker. James. 

FRIP'PER-ER, 71 . One who deals in old clothes. 


FRO 

FRIFPER-Y) 71 . [Fx. friperie.] 1. Old clothes; cast 
dresses 3 clothes thrown aside, after wearing. Hence 
waste matter 3 useless things 3 trifies. 2 . The place 
where old clothes are sold. 3 . The trade or traffick in old 
clothes. 

FRIFPER-Y, a. Trifling 3 contemptible. Gray. 

FRI-SEuR', (fre-zure') n. [Fr.] A hair-dresser. Warton. 

FRISK, V. i. [Dan. frisk.] I. To leap 3 to skip ; to spring 
suddenly one way and the other. 2 . To dance, skip and 
gambol in frolick and gayety. 

FRISK, a. Lively 3 brisk 3 blithe. Hall. 

FRISK, 71 . A frolick 3 a fit of wanton gayety. 

t FRISK'AL, n. A leap or caper. B. Jonson. 

FRISK'ER, 71 . One who leaps or dances in gayety 3 a wan- 
ton 3 an inconstant or unsettled person. 

FRISK'ET, 71 . [Fr. Jrisquette.] In printvng, the light frame 
by which a sheet of paper is confined to the tympan to be 
laid on the form for impression. 

FRISK'FIJL, a. Brisk ; lively. Thomson. 

FRISK'I-NESS, 71 . Briskness and frequency of motion 3 
gayety 3 liveliness 3 a dancing or leaping in frolick. 

FRISK'ING, ppr. Leaping 3 skipping 3 dancing about 3 
moving with life and gayety. 

FRISK'Y, a. Gay 3 lively. 

FRIT, 71 . [Fr. fi'itte.] In the 7 na 7 utfacture of glass, the mat- 
ter of which glass is made after it has been calcined or 
baked in a furnace. 

FRITH, 77. [h. fretu 7 n.] 1 . A narrow passage of the sea 3 
a strait. It is used for the opening of a river into the sea. 
2 . A kind of wear for catching fish. 

FRITH, 71 . [W. frith, or friz.] 1 . A forest 3 a woody place. 
2 . A small field taken out of a common. 

fFRITH'Y, a. Woody. Skelton. 

FRITHL-LA-RY, 77. [L. fritillus.] The crown imperial, a 
genus of plants. 

f FRITff-N AN-CY, 77. [L. fritinnio.] The scream of an in- 
sect, as the cricket or cicada. Broion. 

FRIT'TER, 77. [it. fiittella.] 1 . A small pancake; also, a 
small piece of meat fried. 2 . A fragment 3 a shred 3 a 
small piece. 

FRIT TER, V. t. I. To cut meat into small pieces to be fried. 
2 . To break into small pieces or fragments. — To frittei' 
away, is to diminish 3 to pare off. 

FRI-VOL'I-TY. See Frivolousness. 

FRIV^O-LOUS, a. [L. //7 t;o/ms.] Slight 3 trifling 3 trivial : 
of little weight, worth or importance 3 not worth notice. 

FRIV'O-LOUS-NESS, 7?. 'I'Jie quality of being trifling, or 
of very little worth or importance 3 want of consequence. 

FRIV^O-LOUS-LY, ado. In a trilling manner. 

FRIZ, V. t. [Sp. frisar.] 1 . 'i’o curl 3 to crisp 3 to form 
into small curls with a crisping-pin. 2 . To form the nap 
of cloth into little hard burs, prominences or knobs. 

FRIZED, pp. Curled ; formed into little burs on cloth. 

FRIZqNG,ppr. Curling; forming little hard burs on cloth. 

FRIZ'ZLE, V. t. To curl ; to crisp 3 as hair. Oay. 

FRIZ'ZLED, pp. Curled 3 crisped. 

FRIZ'ZLER, 77. One who makes short curls. 

FRIZ'ZLING, Curling; crisping. 

FRO, adv. [Sax. // a.] From 3 away 3 back or backward 3 as 
in the phrase, to and fro. 

FROCK, 77. [Fr. froc.] An upper coat, or an outer gar- 
ment. Tlie word is now used for a loose garment or 
sliirt, worn by men over their other clothes, and for a kind 
of gown open behind, worn by females. 

FROG, 77. [fc?ax. /T-o^a.] I. An amphibious animal of the 
genus ra/7fl. — 2. In farriery. See Frush. 

FROG^BIT, 77. A plant, the hydrocharis. 

FROG'FISH, 77. 1 . An animal of Surinam. 2 . The lophius, 
or fishing-frog. 

FROG'LET-TUCE, 7?. A plant. 

FROG'GRASS, 77. A plant. 

FROG'GY, a. Having frogs. Shertvood. 

FROISE, 77. [Fr. froisser.] A kind of food made by frying 
bacon inclosed in a pancake. Todd. 

FROL'ICK, a. [G. frdhlich.] Gay 3 merry ; full of levity 3 
dancing, playing or frisking about 3 full of pranks. 

FROLffCK, 71 . 1 . A wild prank ; a flight of levity, or gay- 
ety and mirth. 2 . A scene of gayety and mirth, as in 
dancing or play. 

FROL'ICK, V. i. To play wild pranks 3 to play tricks of lev- 
ity, mirth and gayety. 

t FROL'ICK-LY, With mirth and gayety. Beaumont. 

f FROL'ICK-NESS, 77. Pranks 3 wildness of gayety 3 frolick 
someness. 

FROL-IGK^SoME, a. Full of gayety and mirth; given to 
pranks. 

FROL'ICK-SOME-LY, adv. With wild gayety. 

FROL'ICK-SoME-NESS, n. Gayety 3 wild pranks. 

FROM, prep. [?ax. //-Tz/n ; Goth. /ra?/?.] The sense of /roTii 
may be expressed by the noun distance, or by the adjeo 
tive distant, or by the participles, departing, removing to 
a distance. — The sense of from is literal or figurative, but 
it is uniformly the same. — In certain phrases, generally oi 
always elliptical, fro 7 n is followed by certain adverbs, 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 3— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete 


FRO 


362 FRU 


denoting place, region or position, indefinitely, no precise 
point being expressed ; as. From above, from the upper 
regions ; From afar, from a distance j Fi'vm beneath, 
from a place or region below ; Fi'om below, from a lower 
place j From behind,ixom a place or position in the rear 3 
From far, horn, a distant place 3 From high, from on high, 
from a high place, from an upper region, or from heaven 3 
From hence, from this place — but from is superfluous 
before hence / From thence, from that place, from being 
superfluous 3 From xchence, from wliich place, from be- 
ing superfluous 3 From where, from which place 3 From 
within, from the interior or inside 3 From without, from 
the outside, from abroad . — From precedes another prepo- 
sition, followed by its proper object or case 3 as. From 
amidst, From among. From beneath. From beyond. 

FROM'WARD, adv.'' [Sax. fram and weard.^ Away from 3 
the contrary of toward. 

FllOXD, n. [L. In botany, a term which Linne ap- 
plies to the peculiar leafing of palms and ferns. 

FRON-Da'TION, n. A lopping of trees. Evelyn. 

FROA-DES'CENCE, n. [L. frondesco.'\ In botany, the 
precise time of the year and month in which each species 
of plants unfolds its leaves. 

FROA-DIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. frons and fero.] Producing 
fronds. 

FROND'OUS, a. A flower is one which is leafy. 

*FR6NT, 7J. [L. frons, frontis ; Yx. front. ^ 1 . Properly, 

the forehead, or part of the face above the eyes 3 lienee, 
the whole face. 2 . The forehead or face, as expressive 
of the temper or disposition. 3 . The forepart of any 
thing. 4 . 'J’he forepart or van of an army or a body of 
troops. 5 . The part or place before the face, or opposed 
to it, or to the forepart of a thing. 6. The most con- 
spicuous part or particular. 7 . Impudence 3 as, men of 
front. 

FR6NT, V. t. 1 . To oppose face to face 3 to oppose directly. 
2 . To stand opposed or opposite, or over against any 
thing. 

FRONT, V. i. 1 . To stand foremost. Shak. 2 . To have 
the face or front towards any point of compass. 

FRONTS AL, n. [E. frontale ^ Fx. frontal.] 1 . In medicine, 
a medicament or preparation to be applied to the forehead. 
— 2 . In architecture, a little pediment or frontpiece, over 
a small door or window. — 3 . In .Jewish ceremo 7 iies, a. fxont- 
al or browband, consisting of four pieces of vellum, laid 
on leather, and tied round the forehead in the syna- 
gogue 5 each piece containing some text of Scripture. 

FRON'TA-TED, a. [L. frons.] The frontated leaf of a 
flower grows broader and broader, and at last, perhaps, ter- 
minates in a right line 3 in opposition to cuspated, which 
is, wnen the leaves end in a point. Quincy. 

FRoNT'BOX, 71 . The box in a playhouse before the rest. 

FRoNT'ED, a. Formed with a front. JMilton. 

* FRONT-IeR', n. [Fr. frontiere.] Tlie marches 5 the bor- 
der, confine or extreme part of a country, bordering on 
another country. 

* FRONT-IeR', a. Lying on the exterior part 3 bordering 3 
contermmous. 

FRONT-IeR'ED, (front-erd') a. Guarded on the frontiers. 

FRON-TI-NAC', | (fron-tin-yak^) n. A species of French 

FRON-TIN-IAG', ) wine, named from the place in Lan- 
guedoc where it is produced. 

FRONTTS-PIeCE, 71 . [E. frontispicium.] 1 . In architect- 
tire, the principal face of a building 3 the face that direct- 
ly presents itself to the eye. 2 . An ornamental figure or 
engraving fronting the first page of a book, or at the be- 
ginning. 

FRoNT'LESS, a. Wanting shame or modesty 3 not diffi- 
dent. Dry den. 

FRONT'LET, 71 . A frontal or browband 3 a fillet or band 
worn on the forehead. See Frontal. 

FRoNT'ROOM, n. A room or apartment in the forepart of 
a house. 

t FROP'PISH, «. Peevish 3 froM'^ard. Clarendon. 

t FRORE, a. \( 3 r. fror, gefroren.] Frozen. Milton. 

FRORNE, a. Frozen. 

fFRo'RY, a. 1 . Frozen. Spenser. 2 . Covered with a froth 
resembling hoar-frost. Fairfax. 

FROST, 71 . [Sax., G., Sw., Dan. frost.] 1 . A fluid con- 
gealed by cold into ice or crystals. 2 . The act of freez- 
ing 3 congelation of fluids. — 3 . In physiology , that state or 
temperature of the air which occasions "freezing or the 
congelation of water. 4 . The appearance of plants spark- 
ling with icy crystals. 

FROST, V. t. 1 . In cookery, to cover or sprinkle with a 
composition of sugar, resembling hoar-frost. 2 . To cover 
with any thing resembling hoar-frost. 

FKOST'BIT-TEN, (frosPbit-tn) a. Nipped, withered or af- 
fected by frost. 

FROST’ED, pp. 1 . Covered with a composition like white 
frost. 2. a. Having hair changed to a gray or white col- 
or, as if covered with hoar-frost. 

FROSTT-LY, adv. 1 . With frost or excessive cold. 2 . 
Without warmth of affection 3 coldly. 


FROSTT-NESS, n. The state or quality of being frosty j 
freezing cold. 

FROSTHNG, ppr. Covering with something resembling 
hoar-frost. 

FROSTHNG, n. The composition resembling hoar-frost, 
used to cover cake, &c. 

FROST'LESS, a. Free from frost. Swift. 

FROST'NaIL, 70 A nail driven into a horse-shoe, to pre- 
vent the horse from slipping on ice. 

FROST' Work, n. Work resembling hoar-frost on shrubs. 

FROST'Y, a. 1 . Producing frost 3 having power to congeal 
water. 2 . Containing frost. 3 . Chill in affection 3 without 
warmth of affection or courage# 4 . Resembling hoar- 
frost 3 white 3 gray-haired. 

FROTH, n. [Gr. ai^pog ,• Sw. fradga.] 1 . Spume 3 foam 3 
the bubbles caused in liquors by fermentation or agitation. 
2 . Any empty, senseless show of wit or eloquence. 3 . 
Light, unsubstantial matter. 

FROTH, V. t. To cause to foam. Beaumont. 

FROTH, V. i. To foam 3 to throw up spume 3 to throw out 
foam or bubbles. 

FROTH'I-LY, adv. 1 . Wfith foam or spume. 2 . In an 
empty, trifling manner. 

FROTH'[-NESS, n. The state of being frothy 3 emptiness 3 

FROTH'Y, a. 1 . Full of foam or froth, or consisting of 
froth or light bubbles. 2 . Soft 3 not firm or solid. 3 . 
Vain 3 light 3 empty 3 unsubstantial. 

FROUNCE, n. A distemjTer of hawks, in which white spit- 
tle gathers about the bill. Skinner. 

FROUNCE, V. t. [isp. fruncir.] To curl or frizzle the hair 
about the face. 

FROUNCE, n. A wrinkle, plait or curl 3 an ornament of 
dress. Beaumont. 

FROUNCED, pp. Curled 3 frizzled. 

FROUNCE'LESS, a. Having no plait or wrinkle. 

FROUN'CING, ppr. Curling3 crisping. 

FROU'ZY, a. Fetid 3 musty 3 rank 3 dim 3 cloudy. 

t FROW^, n. \G. frau ; D. vruuw.] A woman. 

FRo'W’ARD, a. [Sax. franmeard.] Perverse, that is, turn- 
ing from, with aversion or reluctance 3 not willing to 
yield or comply with what is required 3 unyielding 3 un- 
governable 3 refractory 3 disobedient 3 peevish. 

FRoAVARD-LY, adv. Pervereely 3 in a peevish manner. 

FRo'W"ARD-NESS, n. Perverseness 3 reluctance to yield 
or comply 3 disobedience 3 peevishness. 

FROW^'ER, n. A sharp edged tool to cleave laths. 

FROWN, a. i. [Fr. refrogner.] 1 . To express displeasure by 
contracting the brow, and looking grim or surly 3 to look 
stern. 2 . To manifest displeasure in any manner. 3 . To 
lower 5 to look threatening. 

FROW’^N, V. t. To repel by expressing displeasure 3 to re- 
buke. 

FROW^N, 71 . 1 . A wrinkled look, particularly expressing 
dislike 3 a sour, severe or stern look, expressive of dis- 
pleasure. 2 . Any expression of displeasure. 

FROW^NTNG, ppr. Knitting the brow in anger or displeas- 
ure 3 expressing displeasure by a surly, stern or angry 
look 3 lowering 3 threatening. 

FROWNTNG-LY, adv. Sternly 3 with a look of displeas- 
ure. 

FROW'Y, a. [The same asfrouzy.] Musty 3 rancid 3 rank, 

FRo'ZEN, (fro'zn) pp. freeze. 1 . Congealed by cold. 2 . 
Cold 3 frosty 3 chill. 3 . Chill or cold in affection. 4 . Void 
of natural heat or vigor. 

t FRO'ZEN-NESS, 71 . State of being frozen. Bp. Oauden. 

F. R. S. Fellow of the Royal Society. 

t FRUB'ISH, fox furbish. 

FRUCT'ED, a. [E. fmetus.] In heraldry, bearing fruit. 

FRU€)-TES'CENCE, n. [L. fructus.] In botany, the pre- 
cise time when the fruit of a plant arrives at maturity, and 
its seeds are dispersed 3 the fruiting season. 

FRUC-TIF^ER-OUS, a. [L. fructus and fero.] Bearing or 
producing fruit. 

FRU€-TI-FI-Ca'TION, n. 1 . The act of fructifying, or 
rendering productive of fruit 3 fecundation. — 2 . In bota- 
ny, the temporary part of a plant appropriated to genera- 
tion. 

FRUC'TI-FY, r. t. [Low L. fnictifco : Fr. fpictifier.] To 
make fruitful 3 to render productive 3 to fertilize. 

FRUC'TI-FY, V. i. To bear fruit. Hooker. 

t FRU€-TU-a'TION, n. Produce 3 fruit. Pownall. 

FRUC'TU-OUS, 6T. [Fx. fructueux.] Fruitful 3 fertile 3 also, 
impregnating with fertility. Philips. 

t FRUC'TURE, V. Use 3 fruition 3 enjoyment. 

FRtj^GAL, a. [L. frugalis ; Fr., Sp. frugal.] Economical 
in the use or appropriation of money, goods or provisions 
of any kind ; saving unnecessary expense 3 sparing 3 not 
profuse, prodigal or lavish. 

FRUGAL'I-TY, n. 1 . Prudent economy 3 good husbandry 
or housewifery 3 a sparing use or appropriation of money 
or commodities 3 a judicious use of any thing to be ex- 
pended. 2 . A prudent and sparing use or appropriation 
of any thing. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, 1, o, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT 3 — PREY 3 — PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3 — ^Obsolete. 


FRU 


363 


FUL 


FRO'GAL-LY, adv. With economy 3 with good manage- 
ment ; in a saving manner. 

FRUG'GIN, n. [Fr. fourgon.'] An oven fork ; the pole 
with which tlie ashes in the oven are stirred. 

FRU-GIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. frugifer.] Producing fruit or 
corn. 

FRU-GIV'O-ROUS, a. fL. fniges and voro.] Feeding on 
fruits, seeds or corn, as birds. 

FRUIT, n. [Fr. fi ■uit ; It. friitto.] 1 . In a general sense, 
whatever the eartli produces for the nourishment of ani- 
mals, or for clothing or profit. 2. The produce of a tree 
or other plant j the last production for the propagation or 
multiplication of its kind ; the seed of plants, or the part 
that contains the seeds. — 3 . In botany, the seed of a plant, 
or the seed with the pericarp. 4 . Production ; that which 
is produced. 5 . The produce of animals ; offspring j 
young. 6. Effect or consequence. 7 . Advantage ; profit 3 
good derived. 8. Production, effect or consequence. 

FRuIT, V. i. To produce fruit. Ckesterjield. 

FRU IT' AGE, 7i. [Fr.] Fruit collectively 3 various fruits. 
Milton. 

FRuIT'BEaR-ER, n. That which produces fruit. 

FRUlT'BEAR-ING, a. Producing fruit 3 having the quality 
of bearing fruit. Mortimer. 

FRUlT'ER-ER, n. One who deals in fruit. 

FRuIT'ER-Y, n. [Fr. fruiterie.'] 1 . Fruit collectively 
taken. 2 . A fruitloft ; a repository for fruit. 

FRulT'FllL, a. 1 . Very productive; producing fruit in 
abundance. 2 . Prolific ; bearing children ; not barren. 
3 . Plenteous ; abounding in any tiling. 4 . Productive of 
any thing 3 fertile. 5 . Producing in abundance ; gene- 
rating. 

FRuIT'FUL-LY, adv. 1 . In suchamanner as to be prolific. 

2 . Plenteously 3 abundantly. Shak. 

FRuIT'FJJL-IN[E8S, n. 1 . The qmUity of producing fruit in 

abundance 3 productiveness 3 fertility. 2 . Fecundity 3 the 
quality of being prolific, or producing many young. 3 . 
Productiveness of the intellect. 4 . Exuberant abun- 
dance. 

FRulT'-GROVE, n. A grove or close plantation of fruit- 
trees. 

FRU-I''TIO.V, w. [L. /ri/or.] Use, accompanied with pleas- 
ure, corporeal or intellectual 3 enjoyment 3 the pleasure 
derived from use or possession. 

FRuT-TIVE, a. Enjoying. Boyle. 

FRuIT'LESS, a. 1 . Not bearing fruit; barren 3 destitute 
of fruit. 2 . Productive of no advantage or good effect ; 
vain 3 idle 3 useless 3 unprofitable. 3 . Having no off- 
spring. 

FRulT'LESS-LY, adv. Without any valuable effect 3 idly 3 
vainly ; unprofitably. 

FRulT'LESS-NESS, n. The quality of being vain or un- 
profitable. 

FRuIT'-LOFT, n. A place for the preservation of fruit. 

FRuIT'-TIME, n. The time for gathering fruit. 

FRulT'-TREE, n. A tree cultivated for its fruit. 

FRU-MEN-Ta'CEOUS, a.* [L. /ru?rec?rtaceus.] 1 . Made of 
wheat or like grain. 2 . Resembling wheat. 

FRU-MEN-Ta'RI-OUS, a. [L. frumentarius.'] Pertaining 
to wheat or grain . 

FRU-MEN-TA'TION, n. [L. frumentatio Among the 
Romans, a largess of grain bestowed on the people. 

FRU'MEN-TY, n. [L. frumentum.] Food made of wheat 
boiled in milk. 

t FRUMP, 71 . A joke, jeer or flout. Bp. Hall. 

I FRUMP, V. t. To insult. Beaumont. 

I FRUMP'ER, 77. A mocker 3 a scoffer. Cotgrave. 

t FRUSII, V. t. [Fr. froisscr.] To bruise 3 to crush. 

FRUSH, 77. [G. frosch.] In farriery, a sort of tender horn 
that grows in the middle of the sole of a horse. 

FRUS'TRA-BLE, a. That may be frustrated. 

FRUS-TRA'NE-OUS, a. Vain 3 useless 3 unprofitable. [Lit- 
tle iLsed.'\ South. 

FRUS'TRATE, Y. t. [F. frustro.] 1 . To defeat 3 to disap- 
point 3 to balk 3 to bring to nothing. 2 . To disappoint. 

3 . To make null 3 to nullify 3 to render of no effect. 

FRUS'TRATE, part. a. Vain; ineffectual; useless 3 un- 
profitable 3 null 3 void 3 of no effect. Dryden. 

FRUS'TRA-TED, pp. Defeated 3 disappointed 3 rendered 
vain or null. 

FRUS'TRA-TING, ;>p7\ Defeating 3 disappointing 3 mak- 
ing vain or of no effect. 

FRU8-TRA'TION, n. The act of frustrating; disappoint- 
ment 3 defeat. South. 

FRUS'TRA-TiVE, a. Tending to defeat; fallacious. 

FRUS'TRA-TO-RY, a. That makes void 3 that vacates or 
renders null. Ayliffe. 

FRUS-'TUM, 77. [L.] A piece or part of a solid body sepa- 
rated from the rest. The frustum of a cone is the part 
that remains after the top is cut off by a plane parallel to 

1 ) 3,80 

FRU-TES CENT, a. [E. frutex.'] In botany, from herba- 
ceous becoming shrubby. Martyn. 

FRu'TEX, 77. [L.] In botany, a shrub. 


FRtD^TI-CANT, a. Full of shoots. Evelyn. 

FRU'TI-COUS, a. [L. fruticosus.~\ Shrubby. 

FRY, V. t. [L. frigOil To dress with fat by heating 61 
roasting in a pan over a fire 3 to cook in a fryingpan. 

FRY, V. i. 1 . To be heated and agitated ; to^sufler the ac- 
tion of fire or extreme heat. 2 . To ferment, as in the 
stomach. 3 . To be agitated 3 to boil. 

FRY, 77. [Fr./Vm'.] 1 . A swarm or crowd of little fish. 2 . 

A dish of any thing fried. 3 . A kind of sieve. 

FRyTNG, ppr. Dressing in a fryingpan 3 heating ; agitat- 
ing. 

FRy'ING-PAN, 77. A pan with a long handle, used for fry- 
ing meat and vegetables. 

t FUB, 77. A jjluinp boy 3 a woman. Todd. 

FUB, V. t. To put off'; to delay 3 to cheat. Shak. 

FUB'BY, a. Plump; chubby. JVichols. 

Fu'CATE, 1 a. [L. fucatus.'j Painted ; disguised with 

Fu'€A-TED, \ paint 3 also, disguised with false show. 

Fu'CUS, 77. [L.] 1 . A paint 3 a dye 3 also, false show. 

2 . ]du. Focuses, in botany, a genus of algee, or sea-weeds 3 
the sea-wrack, &c. 

FUD'DER of lead. See Fother. 

FUD'DLE, V. t. To make drunk 3 to intoxicate. 

FUD'DLE, V. i. To drink to excess. L^Estrangc. 

FUD'DLED, pp. Drunk 3 intoxicated. 

FUD'DLER, 71 . A drunkard. Baxter. 

FUD'DLING, ppr. Intoxicating 3 drinking to excess. 

FUDGE, a word of contempt. 

Fu'EL, 77. [Fr. feu ; £;p. fuego.] 1 . Any matter which 
serves as aliment to fire 3 that which feeds fire 3 combus- 
tible matter. 2 . Any thing that serves to feed or increase 
flame, heat or excitement. 

Fu'EL, V t. 1 . To feed with combustible matter. 2 . To 
store with fuel or firing. Wottoii. 

Fu'ELED, pp. Fed with combustible matter; stored with 
firing. 

Fu'EL-ER, 77. He or that which supplies fuel. 

Fu'EL-ING, ppr. Feeding with fuel 3 supplying with 
fuel. 

FUFF, V. i. [G. pfuffen.] To blow or puff. Brockett. 

FUFF^Y, a. Light and soft. Brockett. 

FU-Ga'CIOUS, a. [L. fugax.'] Flying or fleeing away 3 
volatile. 

FU-GA'CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of flying away 3 vol- 
atility. 

FU-GAC'I-TY, 77. [L. fugax.'] 1 . Volatility; the quality 
of flying away. 2 . Uncertainty 3 instability. 

FuGH, or FOH, an exclamation expressing abhorrence. 

Fu'Gl-TIVE, a. [Fr. /77^7t7/ ,• L. fugitvvus.] 1. Volatile 3 
apt to flee away 3 readily wafted by the wind. 2 . Not 
tenable 3 not to be held or detained 3 readily escaping. 

3 . Unstable 3 unsteady 3 fleeting 3 not fixed or durable. 

4 . Fleeing 3 running from danger or pursuit. 5 . Fleeing 
from duty 3 eloping 3 escaping. 6. Wandering 3 vaga- 
bond. — 7 . In literature, fugitive compositions are such as 
are short and occasional, written in haste or at intervals, 
and considered to be fleeting and temporary. 

Fu'Gl-TiVE, 77. 1 . One who flees from his station or duty 3 
a deserter 3 one who flees from danger. 2 . One who has 
fled or deserted and taken refuge under another power, 
or one who has fled from punishment. 3 . One hard to be 
cauglit or detained. 

Fu'Gl-TiVE-NESiS, n. 1 . Volatility 3 fugacity 3 an aptness 
to fly away. 2 . Instability 3 unsteadiness. 

FUGUE, (fug) 77. [Fr. fugue ; L., fc?p.. It. fuga.] In music, 
a chase or succession in the parts 3 that which expresses 
the capital thought or sentiment of the piece, in causing 
it to pass successively and alternately from one part to 
another. 

Fu^'GUiST, 77. A musician who composes fugues, or per- 
forms them extemporaneously. Busby. 

f FUL'CI-BLE, a. [L. fulcibilis.] Which may be prop- 
ped up. 

FUL'CI-MENT, 77. [L. fulcimentum.] A prop 3 a fulcrum 3 
that on which a balance or lever rests. [Little used.] 

FUL'ORATE, a. [L. fulc7'U7ii.] 1 . In botany, a fulcrate 
stem is one whose branches descend to the earth. 2 . Fur- 
nished with fulcres. 

FUL'GRUM, ) n. [L.] 1 . A prop or support. — 2 . In mc- 

FUL'GRE, ^ chanics, that by which a lever is sustain- 
ed. — 3 . In botany, the part of a plant which serves to sup- 
port or defend it. 

FTJL-FILL', V. t. [full and fill.] 1 . To accomplish 3 toper- 
form 3 to complete ; to answer in execution or event wliat 
has been foretold or promised. 2 . To accomplish wliat 
was intended 3 to answer a design by execution. 3 . To 
accomplish or perform what was desired 3 to answer any 
desire by compliance or gratification. 4 . To perform 
what is required 3 to answer a law by obedience. 5 . To 
complete in time. — 6. In general, to accomplish 3 to com- 
plete 3 to carry into effect. 

FUL-FILL'ED, (ful-fild') pp. Accomplished 3 performed 3 
completed ; executed. 

FUL-FILL'ER, n. One that fulfills or accomplishes. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 3 — BULL, UNITE. — € as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


PUL 


364 


FUN 


FjJL-FILL'ING, ppr. Accomplishing ; performing ; com- 
pleting. 

FUL-FILL'MENT, ) «. 1. Accomplishment; completion. 

FIJL-FILL'ING, ) 2. Execution; performance. 

FIJL'FR AUGHT, a. Full-stored. Shak. 

FUL'GExN-CY, n. [L. fulgens.'] Brightness ; splendor ; 
glitter. 

FUL'GENT, a. Shining ; dazzling ; exquisitely bright. 

fFUL'GlD, a. [Ij. fulgidus.'] Shining; dazzling. 

t FUL-GlD'l-TY, ». Splendor; dazzling glitter. Diet. 

FUL'GOR, ri. [L.] Splendor; dazzling brightness. [Little 
rtA'ed.] More. 

tFUL'GU-RANT, a. Lightening. 

f FUL'GU-RATE, v. i. To flash as lightning. Chambers. 

t FUL-GU-RA'TfON, n. [L. falguratio.] Lightning ; the 
act of lightening. 

f FUL'GU-RY, w. [L.fulgur.] Lightning. Cockeram. 

FULHAM, 71. A cant word for false dice. Shak. 

FU-LIG-I-NOS'I-TY, n. [L. fuHgo.] Sootiness; matter 
deposited bj' smoke. Kirioan, Oeol. 

FU-LlG'I-NOUS, a. [L. fuligineus.] 1. Pertaining to soot ; 
sooty ; dark ; dusky. 2. Pertaining to smoke ; resem- 
bling smoke ; dusky. 

FU-LIG'I-NOUS-LY, adv. By being sooty. 

Fu'Ll-MART. See Foumart. 

FIJLL, a. [Sax., Svv. /uiZ.] 1. Replete; having within its 
limits all that it can contain. 2. Abounding with ; hav- 
ing a large quantity or abundance. 3. Supplied ; not va- 
cant. 4. Plump ; fat. 5. Saturated ; sated. 6. Crowd- 
ed, with regard to the imagination or memory. 7. Large ; 
entire ; not partial ; that fills. 8. Complete ; entire ; not 
defective or partial. 9. Complete ; entire ; without abate- 
ment. 10. Containing the whole matter ; expressing the 
whole. 11. Strong ; not faint or attenuated ; loud ; clear; 
distinct. 12. Mature ; perfect. 13. Entire ; complete ; 
denoting the completion of a sentence. 14. Spread to 
view in all dimensions. 15. Exhibiting the whole disk 
or surface illuminated. 16. Abundant; plenteous; suffi- 
cient. 17. Adequate ; equal. 18. Well fed. 19. Well 
supplied or furnished; abounding. 20. Copious; ample. 

FULL, 71. 1. Complete measure; utmost extent. 2. The 
highest state or degree. 3. The whole ; the total ; in the 
phrase, at full. 4. The state of satiety. — The full of the 
moon is the time when it presents to the spectator its 
whole face illuminated. 

FULL, ado. 1. Quite ; to the same degree ; without abate- 
ment or diminution. 2. With the whole effect. 3. Ex- 
actly. 4. Directly. — Full is prefixed to other words, 
chiefly participles, to express utmost extent or degree. 

FULL'-a-€ORNED, a. Fed to the full with acorns. 

F[jLL'-BLOOMED, a. Having perfect bloom. Crashaw. 

FULL'-BLoWiV, a. 1. Fully expanded, as a blossom. 2. 
Fully distended with wind. Drndc7i. 

FIJLL'-BOT-TOM, ??. A wig with a large bottom. 

FU LL'-BOT-TOMED, a. Having a large bottom, as a wig. 

FIJLL'-BUTT, ado. Meeting directly and with violence. 
(Vulgar.] L' Estrange. 

FULli'-CHARGED, a. Charged to fullness. Shak. 

Fi jLL'-GR AMMED, a. Crammed to fullness. Marston. 

FULL'-DRESSED, a. Dressed in form or costume. 

FlILL'-DRiVE, a. Driving with full speed. Chaucer. 

FULL'-kARED, a. Having the ears or heads full of grain. 
Denham. 

FI]LL'-EyED, a. Having large, prominent eyes. 

FULL'-FaCED, a. Having a broad face. 

FijUL'-FED, a. Fed to fullness; plump with fat. 

F(]LL'-FR AUGHT, a. Laden or stored to fullness. 

FIILL'-GORGED, a. Over-fed ; a term of haTJoking. 

FiJLL'-GRoWiV, a. Grown to full size. Milton. 

FtjLL'-HEART-ED, a. Full of courage or confidence. 

FjJLL'-HOT, a. 1. Heated to the utmost. Shak. 2. Quite 
as hot as it ought to be. 

FlJLL'-TiA-DELV, a. Laden to the full. 

FULL'-MA!VNED, a. Completely furnished with men. 

FtjLL'-MOUTHED, a. Having a full, strong voice. 

FlILL'-ORBED, a. Having the orb complete or fully illu- 
minated, as the moon ; like the full moon. 

FiJLTj'-J^PREAD, «. Extended to the utmost. Dryden. 

FfiliL'-SToM-ACHED, a. Having the stomach crammed. 

FijLL'-STUFFED, a. Filled to the utmost extent. 

FI JLTi'-SUMMED, a. Complete in all its parts. 

FULL'-WIXGED, a. 1. Having complete wings, or large 
strong wings. 2. Ready for flight ; eager. 

FIJLL, V. t. [Sax. fullian ; L. fullo.] To thicken cloth in 
a mill ; to make compact ; or to scour, cleanse and thick- 
en in a mill. 

FUTiL'AGE, 71. Money paid for fulling cloth. 

FijLTiED, pn. Cleansed; thickened; made dense and 
firm in a mill. 

FUIjTi'ER, 71. One whose occupation is to full cloth. 

FliLT/ER’S-EARTH, n. A variety of clay. 

FtjLTj'ER’S-THIS-TLE, ) n. Teasel, a plant of the genus 

FULL'ER’S-WEED, ^ dipsacus. The burrs are used 
in dressing cloth. 


FjJLL'ER-Y, n. The place or the works where the fulling 
of cloth is carried on. 

FIJLL'ING,pj>r. Thickening cloth in a mill ; making compact. 

FULL'ING, n. The art or practice of thickening cloth, and 
making it compact and firm, in a mill. 

FI;LL'liNG-MlLL, ?i. A mill for fulling cloth. 

FjjLL'NESS, 71. 1. The state of being filled, so as to leave 
no part vacant. 2. 'J'he state of abounding or being in 
great plenty ; abundance. 3. Completeness ; the state 
of a thing in which nothing is wanted ; perfection. 4. 
Repletion ; satiety ; as from intemperance. 5. Repletion 
of vessels. 6. Plenty ; wealth ; affluence. 7. Struggling 
perturbation ; swelling. 8. Largeness ; extent. 9. Loud- 
ness ; force of sound, such as fills the ear. 

FULL'Y, ado. 1. Completely; entirely; without lack or 
defect ; in a manner to give satisfaction ; to the extent 
desired. 2. Completely ; perfectly. 

FUL'MAR, 71. 1. A fowl of the genus procellar ia. 2. The 
fouleraart or fulirnart. See Foumart. 

FUL'MI-NANT, a. [Fr.; L./MZwi»ia/i5.] Thundering. 

FUL'MI-NATE, r. t. [h. fulmino.] 1. To thunder. 2. To 
make a loud, sudden noise, or a sudden sharp crack ; to 
detonate. 3. To hurl papal thunder ; to issue forth eccle- 
siastical censures. 

FUL'Ml-NATE, v. t. 1. To utter or send out, as a denun- 
ciation or censure. 2. To cause to explode. 

FUL'MI-NA-TING, ppr. 1. Thundering ; crackling ; ex- 
ploding ; detonating. 2. Hurling menaces or ce/jsures. 

FUL-MI-Na'TION, 71. 1. A thundering. 2. Denunciation 
of censure or threats, as by papal authority. 3. The ex- 
plosion of certain chemical preparations ; detonation. 

FLIL'MI-NA-TO-RY, a. Thundering; striking terror. 

t FUL'MINE, i. To thunder. Milton. 

FUL'MiNE, V. t. To shoot ; to dart like lightning. 

FUL-MIN'IC, a. Fulminic acid, in chemistry ^ is a peculiar 
acid contained in fulminating silver. 

* FUL'SoME, } a. [Sax. fuL] Gross ; disgusting by plain- 

* FULUS6ME, ji ness, grossness or excess. 

* FUL'SoME-LY, ado. Grossly ; with disgusting plainness 
or excess. 

*FUL'S6ME-NESS, n. Offensive grossness, as of praise. 

FUL'SoME, a. [Sax. ful.] 1. ISauseous ; offensive. 2. 
Rank ; offensive to the smell. 3. Lustful. 4. I’ending 
to obscenity. [These are the E7tglish definitions of ful- 
so7ue, but I have never witnessed such applications of the 
word in the United States.] 

FUL'S6ME-LY, adv. Rankly ; nauseously ; obscenely. 
Eng. 

FUL'S6ME-NESS, n. Nauseousness; rank smell; ob- 
scenity. E7lg. 

FUL'VID. See Fulvous. 

FUL'VOUS, a. [L. fulvus.] Yellow ; tawny ; saffrc;i- 
colored. 


FU-Ma'DO, n. [L./u/nws.] A smoked fish. 

Fu'MAGE, 71. [h. ftimus.] Hearth-money. Diet. 

Fu'M A-TO-R Y, 71. [Fr. /Mmeterrc.] A plant. 

FUM'BLE, V. i. [D. foimnelen.] 1. To feel or grope about ; 
to attempt awkwardly. 2. To grope about in perplexity ; 
to seek awkwardly. D7'yden. 3. To handle much ; to 
play childishly ; to turn over and over. 

FUM'BLE, V. t. To manage awkwardly ; to crowd or tum- 
ble together. Shak. 

FUM'BLER, n. One who gropes or manages awkwardly. 

FUM'BLING, ppr. Groping ; managing awkwardly. 

FUM'BLING-LY, ado. In an awkward manner. 

FUME, 71. [h.famus.] 1. Smoke ; vapor from combustion, 
as from burning wood or tobacco. 2. Vapor ; volatile 
matter ascending in a dense body. 3. Exhalation from 
the stomach. 4. Rage ; heat. 5. Any thing unsubstan- 
tial or fleeting. G. Idle conceit ; vain imagination. 

FUME, u. z. [Li. fumo: Fr. fumer.] 1. To smoke; to throw 
off vapor, as in combustion. 2. To yield vapor or visible 
exhalations. 3. To pass off in vapors. 4. To be in a 


rage ; to be hot with anger. 


FUME, V. t. 1. To smoke ; to dry in smoke. 2. To per- 
fume. 3. To disperse or drive away in vapors. 

Fu'MET, 71. The dung of deer. B. Jonson. 

FU-METTE',7z. [Fr.] The stink of meat. Swift. 

FU'MID, a. [h.furnidus.] Smoky; vaporous. 

Fu'MI-GATE, V. t. [L. fumigo.] 1. To smoke ; to per- 
fume. 2. To apply smoke to ; to expose to smoke. 

Fu'Ml-GA-TED, pp. Smoked ; exposed to smoke. 

Fu'MT-GA-TING, ppr. Smoking; applying smoke to. 

FU-?.II-Ga'TION, w. [Li.fumigatio.l J. The act of smoking 
or applying smoke. 2. Vapors ; slent raised by fire. 

FuM'ING, ppr. Smoking ; emitting vapors ; raging. 

FuM ING-LY, ado. Angrily ; in a rage. Hooker. 

FuM'ISH, a. Smoky ; not ; choleric. [Little 

Ftj/MI-TER, 71. A plant. 

FuM'Y 1 fume ; full of vapor. Drijden. 

FUN, 71. Sport ; vulgar merriment, .d loiv irord. 

FU-NAM'BU-LA-TO-RY, a. Performing like a rope-dan- 
cer ; narrow, like the walk of a rope-dancer. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, U, Y, Zora-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


FUR 


365 


FUR 


FU-NAM'BU-LIST, n. [L. funis and amhulo,'] A rope- 
walker or dancer. 

t FU-NAM'Bl/-LO, )n. [L. funamhulxis.'] A rope dancer. 
fFU-NAM BU-LUS, i bacon. 

FUNC TION, ?». [L. /u??ci«o.] 1. In a ^eneraZ sense^ the 
doing, executing or performing of anything ; discharge ; 
performance. Ji. Olfice or employment, or any duty or 
business belongmg to a particular station or character. 3. 
Trade ; occup-itlon j proper. 4. The othce of any 
particular part of animal bodies. 5. Power j faculty, ani- 
mal or intellectual. 

FUNC'TION-AL-LY, adv. By means of the functions. 
barn'ence^ Lect. 

FUNC'TIOiV-A-RY, 71. One who holds an office or trust. 
FUND, n. [Fr. fond.] 1. A stock or capital ; a sum of 
money appropriated as the foundation of some commer- 
cial or other operation. 2. Money lent to government, 
constituting a national debt ; or the stock of a national 
debt. 3. Money or income destined to the payment of 
the interest of a debt. 4. A sinkino' fund is a sum of 
money appropriated to the purchase of the public stocks 
or the payment of the public debt. 5. A stock or capital 
to afford supplies of any kind. C. Abundance j ample 
stock or store. 

FUND, V. t. 1. To provide and appropriate a fund. 2. To 
place money in a fund. 

FUND'A-MENT, n. [Li.fu7idamentu7n.] 1. The seat ; the 
lower part of the body, or of the vitestinu/n rectU7/i. 2. 
Foundation j f/iot m 7ise.] Chaucer. 

FUN-DA-MENT^^L, a. Pertaining to the foundation or 
basis ; serving for the foundation. 

P'UN-D A-MENT'AL, n. A leading or primary principle, 
rule, law or article, which serves as the ground-work of 
a system. 

FUi\-DA-MENT'AL-LY, adv. Primarily j originally ; es- 
sentially ; at the foundation. 

FUND'ED, pp. Furnished with funds for regular payment 
of the interest of. 

FUND'ING, ppr. Providing funds for the payment of the 
interest of. 

FU-Ne'BR 1-AL, a. [Li. fiaiebris.] Pertaining to funerals, 
t FU-Ne'BRI-OUS, a. [h. ftuiebris.] Funereal. 
FO'NER-AL, 7t. [\i. fiinerale.] 1. Burial; the ceremony of 
burying a dead body ; obsequies. 2. The procession of 
persons attending the burial of the dead. 3. Burial ; in- 
terment. Denha77i. 

Fu'NER-AL, a. Pertaining to burial ; used at the inter- 
ment of the dead. 

t Fu'NER-ATE, 7 ;. t. [b. fa7icratus.] To bury. Cockeram. 
f FU-NER-A'TION, 77. Solemnization of a funeral. 
FU-Ne'RE-AL, a. 1. Suiting a funeral; pertaining to 
burial. 2. Dark ; dismal ; mournful. 'Faijlor. 
jFU-NEST', a. [L. fu/iestus.] Doleful; lamentable. 
Phil Ups. 

FUN'G ATE, n. [from fungus.] A compound of fungic acid 
and a base. Coxe. 

f FUNGE, 71. [L. fungus.] A blockhead ; a dolt ; a fool. 
Burton. 

FUN'GIG, a. Pertaining to or obtained from mushrooms. 
FUN'GI-FORM, a. In inincralogijj having a termination 
similar to the head of a fungus. 

FUN'GIN, n. The fleshy part of mushrooms. 

FUN'GITE, 77. A kind of fossil coral. 

FUN-GOS'I-TY, 77. Soft excrescence. 

FUN'GOUS, a. [See Fungus.] 1. Like fungus or a mush- 
room ; excrescent; spungy ; soft. 2. Growing suddenly, 
but not substantial or durable. 

FUN 'G US, 77. [L.] 1. A mushroom, vulgarly called a 

toadstool. 2. A spungy excrescence in animal bodies, as 
proud flesh formed in wounds. 

Fu'NI-ULE, 77. [L. fu7iiculus.] A small cord ; a small lig- 
ature ; a fibre. Joh7ison. 

FU-Nl€'U-LAR, a. Consisting of a small cord or fibre. 
FUNK, 77. An offensive smell. [Vulgar.] 
t FUNK, V. t. To poison with an offensive smell. King. 
t FUNK, 7u i. To stink through fear. Kpigra 7 n on J. Burton. 
FUN'NEL, 77. [W. fyn el.] 1. A passage or avenue fora 
fluid or flowing substance, partic 7 il/i 7 'ly, the shaft or hollow 
channel of a chimney through which smoke ascends. 2. 
A vessel for conveying fluids into close vessels ; a kind of 
hollow cone with a pipe ; a tunnel. 

FUN'NEL-FORM, ) a. Having the form of a funnel or 
FUN'NEL-SHaPED, i inverted hollow cone. 

FUN'NY, a. [from/7777.] Droll; comical. 

FUN'NY, 77. A light boat. 

FUR, 71. [Fr. fourrure.] 1. The short, fine, soft hair of 
certain animals, growing thick on the skin, and distin- 
guished from the hair, which is longer and coarser. 2. 
The skins of certain wild animals with the fur ; peltry. 
3. Strips of skin with fur, used on garments for lining or 
for ornament. 4. Hair in general. 5. A coat of morbid 
matter collected on the tongue in persons affected with 
fever. 

FUR, V. t. 1. To line, face or cover with fur. 2. To cover 


with morbid matter, as the tongue, 
board, as in cainentru. 


3. To line with a 



, [Ldtle TT-scdr] 

FU-RAC'i-TY, 77 . Thievishness. [Little used.] 
FIHUBE-Lo^^ , 77 . [Ir., It., Sp. jalbala.] A piece of stuff 
plaited and puckered, on a gown or petticoat ; a flounce : 
the plaited border of a petticoat or gown. 

FUR'BE-LoW, V. t. 'J'o put on a furbelow ; to furnish with 
an ornamental appendage of dress. 

FUR BISH, 71 . t. [it. forbire ,* Yx. fourbir.] To rub or scour 
to brightness ; to polish ; to burnish. 

FUR'BiSH-A-BLE, a. That may be polished. Sher7rood. 
FUR'BISHED, pp. Scoured to brightness ; polished ; bur- 
nished. 


FUR'BISH-ER, 77. One who polishes or makes bright by 
nibbing; one who cleans. 

FUR'BISH-ING, ppr. Rubbing to brightness ; polishing. 

FUR'CATE, a. [L. furca.] Forked ; branching like the 
prongs of a fork. Lee, Botany. 

FUR-Ua'TION, 77. A forking; a branching like the tines 
of a fork. Br 01071 . 

t FUR'DLE, V. t. [Yx. fardeau.] To draw up into a bundle. 
Brotc/i. 

FURFUR, 77. [L.] Dandruff; scurf; scales like bran. 

FUR-FU-RaCEUUS, a. [L./77r/77raceujf.] Scaly ; branny ; 
scurfy ; like bran. 

Fu'RI-OUS, a. [L. /wriosus.] 1. Rushing with impetuosity; 
moving with violence. 2. Raging ; violent ; transported 
with passion. 3. Mad ; phrenetic. 

Fu Rl-OUS-LY, adv. With impetuous motion or agitation ; 
violently ; vehemently. 

Fu RI-OUS-NESS, 77. 1. Impetuous motion or rushing ; vi- 
olent agitation. 2. Madness ; phrensy ; rage. 

FURL, V. t. [Fr. ferlcr.] 'I’o draw up ; to contract ; to 
wrap or roll a sail close to the yard, stay or mast, and 
fasten it by a gasket or cord. 

FURLED, pp. Wrapped and fastened to a yard, &:c. 

FURL'ING, ppr. Wrapping or rolling and fastening to a 
yard, &c. 

FUR'LONG, 77. [Sax. furlang.] A measure of length ; the 
eighth part of a mile ; forty rods, poles or perches. 

FUK'LoUGH, 1 77. [D. 7ierlof.] J. Leave of absence; a 

FUR'LoW, ) 7cord 7ised 07ily hi 7nilitary affaii's. 

FUR'LoUGH, j V. t. To furnish with a furlough ; to grant 

FUR'LoW, I leave of absence to an officer or soldier. 

FUR'AIEN-TY. Frumenty. 

FUR'NACE, 77. [Fr. fournai^e, fourneau.] 1. A place 
where a vehement fire and heat may be made and main- 
tained, for melting ores or metals, &c. — 2. In Saipture, 
a place of cruel bondage and affliction. Veut. iv. 3. 
Grievous afflictions by which men are tried. Eiek. xxii. 
4. A place of temporal torment. Dan. iii. 5. Hell ; the 
place of endless torment. Matt. xiii. 

FUR'NACE, V. t. To throw out sparks as a furnace. 

t FUR'NI-MENT, 77. [Yx. four77ime7it.] Furniture. Spexiser. 

FUR'NISH, V. t. [Fr. fournir.] 1. To supply with any 
thing wanted or necessary. 2. To supply ; to store. 3. 
To fit up ; to supply with the proper goods, vessels or 
ornamental appendages. 4. To equip ; to fit for an ex- 
pedition ; to sujiply. 

t FUR'NISH, 77. A specimen ; a sample. Greene. 

FUR'NISHED, a. Supplied ; garnished ; fitted with neces- 


saries. 


FUR'NISH-ER, n. One who supplies or fits out. 

FUR'NISH-ING, ppr. Supplying ; fitting ; garnishing. 

FUR'NISH-MENT, 77. A supply. Cotgrave. 

FUR'NI-TURE, n. [Fr. four7titure.] 1. Goods, vessels, 
utensils and other appendages necessary or convenient for 
housekeeping. 2 . Appendages; that wfliich is added for 
use or ornament. 3. Equipage; ornaments; decorations. 

FURRED, pp. Lined or ornamented with fur; thickened 
by the addition of a board. 

FUR'RI-ER, 77. A dealer in furs. 

FUR'RI-ER-Y, 71 . Furs in general. Tooke. 

FUR'RING, ppr. Lining or ornamenting with fur ; lining 
with a board. 

FUR'RoW, 71. [Sax./ur, ox furh.] 1. A trench in the earth 
made by a plough. 2. A long, narrow trench or channel 
in wood or metal ; a groove. 3. A hollow made by 
wrinkles in the face. 

FUR'RoW, 7!.t. [Sax. /?/?* 7 a 77 .] L To cut a furrow; to 
n^ake furrows in ; to plough. 2. To make long, nanow 
channels or grooves in. 3. To cut ; to make channels in ; 
to plough. 4. To make hollows in by wrinkles, 

FUR'RoW-FaCED, a. Having a wrinkled face. 

FUR'RdW-WEED, 77. A weed growing on ploughed land, 

FUR'RY, a. 1. Covered with fur 3 dressed in fur, 2. Con 
sisting of fur or skins. 

FUR'THER, <7. [Sax. / 7 /rZ^^r, comparative of /arZ/ 7 .] ], 

More or most distant. 2. Additional. 

FUR'THER, adv. To a greater distance. 


* See Sijnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D 6 VE ; — BULL, UNITE. — C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Til as in this, [ Obsolete* 


GAB 


366 


GAD 


FUR'THER, v» t. [Sax. fyrthrian.'] To help forward ; to 
promote ; to advance onward ; to Forward j hence, to help 
or assist. 

FUR'THER-ANCE, n. A helping forward j promotion ; 
advancement. 

FUR'THEKED, Promoted ; advanced. 

FUR'THER-ER, n. One who helps to advance j a pro- 
moter. 

FUR'TIIER-MORE, adv. Moreover j besides j in addition 
to what has been said. 

FUR'THEST, a. Most distant either in time or place. 

FUR'THEST, adv. At the greatest distance. 

FUR'TJVE, a. \^. fiirtivus i Fx.furtif.'\ Stolen j obtained 
by theft. Prior. 

FC'RUN-€LE, n. [L. furunculus.] A small tumor or boil, 
with inflammation and pain. 

Fu'RV, n. [L. furor aria.] 1. A violent rushing ; impetu- 
ous motion. 2. Rage ; a storm of anger ; madness j tur- 
bulence. 3. Enthusiasm j heat of the mind. — 4. In my~ 
thology, a deity, a goddess of vengeance j hence, a stormy, 
turbulent, violent woman. 

FU'RY-LIKE, a. Raging ; furious ; violent. Thomson. 

FURZ, 71. [Sax. fyrs.] Gorse ; whin j a thorny plant of the 
genus ulex. 

FURZ'Y, a. Overgrown with furz ; full of gorse. 

FUS-Ga'TION, 71. Darkening or obscuring. Diet. 

FUS'CITE, 71. A mineral. Phillips. 

FUS^GOUS, a. [L. /J7SCU5.] Brown; of a dark color. 

FUSE, V. t. [L. fuodo, fusuoi.] To melt ; to liquefy by 
heat ; to render fluid ; to dissolve. 

FUSE, V. i. To be melted ; to be reduced from a solid to a 
fluid state by heat. 

Fused, pp. Melted ; liquefied. 

FU-SEE', 71. [Fr. fusee, fas eau.\ The cone or conical part 
of a watch or clock, round which is wound the chain or 
cord. 

FU-SEE', 71. [Fr.] 1. A small, neat musket or firelock. 
But we now use fusil. 2. Fusee or fuse of a bomb or gra- 
nade, asmall pipe filled with combustible matter, by which 
fire is communicated to the powder in the bomb. 3. The 
t>r^clc of* 3. l3iAck 

■''FU-SI-BILft-TY, 77. The quality of being fusible, or of 
being convertible from a solid to a fluid state by heat. 

* Fu'SI-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be melted or liquefied. 

FU'SI-FORM, a. [L. a spindle, and form.] Shaped 

like r> spindle. Pennant. 

FU'SIL, a. [Fr. fusile j h. fusilis.] 1. Capable of being 
melted or rendered fluid by heat. 2. Running ; flowing, 
as a liquid. 

=‘^Fu'SlL, n. [Fr.] 1. A light musket or firelock. 2. A 
bearing, in heraldry, of a rhomboidal figure, named from 
its shape, which resembles that of a spindle. 

FU-SIL-EER', 77. Properly, a soldier armed with a fusil ; 
but in modern times, a soldier armed like others of the 
infantry, and distinguished by wearing a cap like a gren- 
adier. 

Fu'SION, 77. [L./77S 777.] 1. Tlic act or opcratioii of melting 
or rendering fluid by heat, without the aid of a solvent. 
2. The state of being melted or dissolved by heat ; a state 
of fluidity or flowing in consequence of heat. 

FU'SoME, a. Handsome ; neat ; notable ; tidy. Grose, 


FUSS, 77. A tumult ; a bustle. [./3 vulgar word.] 

FUS'SOCK, 77. A large, gross wojnan. Grose. 

FUS'SLE. See Fuzzle. 

FUST, 77. JTr./ftt.] The shaft of a column. 

FUST, 77. pPr./ftf.] A strong, musty smell. 

FUST, V. i. To become moldy ; to smell ill. Shak. 

FUST'ED, a. Moldy ; ill smelling. 

FUS'TET, 77. [Fr. ; Sp., Port, fustete.] The wood of the 
7-/77T5 ct7f777M5,lwhich yields a fine orange color. 

FUST'IAN, (fust'yan) 77. [Fr. futaine.] 1. A kind of cotton 
stuff, or stuff’ of cotton and linen. 2. An inflated style of 
writing ; a swelling style ; bombast. 

FUST'IAN, a. 1. Made of fustian. — 2. In style, swelling 
above the dignity of the thoughts or subject ; too pompous ; 
ridiculously tumid ; bombastic. 

FUST'IAJN'-IST, 77. One who writes bombast. 

FUS'TIC, 77. [Sp.fuste.] The wood of the 7norus tinctoria, 
a tree growing in the West Indies. 

FUS-TI-Ga'TION, 77.. [L. fustigatio.] Among the ancient 
Romans, a punishment by beating with a stick or club. 

FUST-I-La'RI-AN, 77. A low fellow ; a stinkard ; a scoun- 
drel. 

T^TmT’^r T TT(^ ) 

FUST'I-LUGS ( ^ gross, fat, unwieldy person. Junius. 

FUST'I-NESS,^77. a fusty state or quality; an ill smell 
from moldiness, or moldiness itself. 

FUST'Y, a. Moldy ; musty ; ill-smelling ; rank ; rancid. 
Shale. 

Fu'TiLE, a. [Fr. ; h.futilis.] 1. Talkative; loquacious; 
tattling ; [o&5.] 2. Trifling ; of no weight or importance ; 
answering no valuable purpose ; worthless. 3. Of no 
effect. 

FU-TIL'I-TY, 77. 1. Talkativeness ; loquaciousness ; lo- 
quacity ; [oii\] 2, Triflingness ; unimportance ; want of 
weight or effect. 3. Tlie quality of producing no valu- 
able effect, or of coming to nothing. 

t Fu'TI-LOUS, a. Worthless; trifling. Howell. 

FUT'TOUK, 77. [qu. foot-hook, or corrupted from foot-lock.] 
In a ship, the futtocks are the middle timbers, betw’een 
the floor and the upper timbers. 

Fu'TURE, a. [L. futurus ; Fr.futur.] 1. That is to be or 
come hereafter. — 2. The future tense, in grammar, is the 
modification of a verb which expresses a future act or 
event. 

Fu'TURE, 77. Time to come ; a time subsequent to the 
present. 

t Fu'TURE-LY, adv. In time to come. Raleigh. 

FU-TU-Ri/'TION, 77. The state of being to come or exist 
hereafter. South. 

FU-Tu'RI-TY, 77. 1. Future time ; time to come. 2. Event 
to come. 3. The state of being yet to come. 

FUZZ, V. t. To make drunk. [A low word.] See Fuzzle. 

FUZZ, V. i. To fly off in minute particles. 

FUZZ, 77. Fine, light particles ; loose, volatile matter. 

FUZZ'BALL, 77. 1. A kind of fungus, which w'hen pressed 
biirsts and scatters a fine dust, 2. A puff. 

FUZ'ZLE, u. t. To intoxicate. Burton. 

FUZ'ZY, a. Light and spungy. Craven dialect. Written 
also/(027/ by Brockett. 

FY, exclam. A word which expresses blame, dislike, dis- 
approbation, abhorrence or contempt. 


G. 


G the seventh letter and the fifth articulation of the Eng- 
j lish Alphabet, is derived to us, through the Latin 
and Greek, from the Assyrian languages. It has two 
sounds, one hard or close, as in gave ; the other soft, like 
j or dih, as in gem. It retains its hard sound in all cases, 
befote a, o and u ; but before e, i and y, its sound is hard 
or soft, as custom has dictated, and its different sounds 
are not reducible to rules. It is silent in some words ; as, 
benign, condign. 

As a numeral, G was anciently used to denote 400, and, with 

a dash over it, G, 40,000. — In music, it is the mark of the 
treble cliff ; and, from its being placed at the head, or mark- 
ing the first sound in Guido’s scale, the whole scale took 
the name Gammut, from the Greek name of the letter. 
Gy\, in Gothic, is a prefix, answering to ge in Saxon and 
other Teutonic languages. 

GAB, 77. [Scot, gab.] The mouth ; as in the phrase, tlie 
gift of the gab, that is, loquaciousness. [A vulgar 
phrase.] 

GAB, v. i. [-ax. gabban.] 1. To talk idly ; to prate. Chau- 
cer. 2. To lie ; to impose upon. 

*GAB'AR-DINE, or GAB-AR-DINE', 77. [Sp. ^flftar 7 i 7 ? 7 a.] 
A coarse frock or loose upper garment ; a rnean dress. 
Shak. 

GAB'BLE, V. i. [D. gabberen.] 1. To prate ; to talk fast, or 


to talk without meaning. 2. To utter inarticulate sounds 
with rapidity. 

GAB'BLE, 77. 1. Loud or rapid talk without meaning. 2. 
Inarticulate sounds rapidly uttered, as of fowls. 

GAIVBIiER, 77. A prater ; a noisy talker ; one that utters 
inarticulate sounds. 

GAB'BLING, ppr. Prating; chattering; uttering unmean- 
ing or inarticulate sounds. 

GAB'BRO, 77. In mineralogy, the name given by the Italians 
to the aggregate of diallage and saussurite. 

Ga'BEL, 77. [Fr. gabelle.] A tax, impost or duty ; usually 
an excise, 

Ga'BEL-ER, 77. A collector of the gabel or of taxes. 

Ga'BI-ON, 77. [Fr. ; It. gabbione.] lr\ fortification, a large 
basket of wicker-work, of a cylindrical form, filled with 
earth. 

Ga'BLE, 77. [W. gavael.] The triangular end of a house or 
other building, from the cornice or eaves to the top. In 
America, it is usually called the gable-end. 

Ga'BRI-EL-ITES, 77. In ecclesiastical history, a sect of ana- 
baptists in Pomerania, so called from one Gabriel Scher- 
ling. 

GA'BRO-NITE, n. A mineral. Cleaveland, 

Ga'BY, 77. A silly, foolish person. See Gawbt. 

GAD, 77. [Sax. gad.] 1. A wedge or ingot of steel. 2. A 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, t), Y, Zo77ff.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PRgY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


GAI 


367 


GAL 


style or graver. 3. A punch of iron with a wooden han- 
dle, used by miners. 

GAD, V. i. [Ir. gad.] 1. To walk about; to rove or ramble 
idly or without any fixed purpose. 2. To ramble in 
growtii. Milton. 

GAD'A-BOUT, n. One who runs much abroad without 
business. [A colloquial term.] 

GAD'DER, n. A rambler ; one that roves about idly. 

GADDING, ppr. Rambling; roving; walking about. 

GAD'DING-LY, ado. In a rambling, roving manner. Hu- 
loet. 

GAD'FL'S', 7 ^. [Sax. gad, and fly.] An insect of the genus 
oestrus, which stings cattle ; called also the breeze. 

t GAD'LING, a. Straggling. 

GA-Do'LI-NITE, n. A mineral. 

GAD'WALL, n. A fowl of the genus anas. 

GaE'LIG, or Ga'LIG, a. [from Gael, Gaul, Gallia.] An 
epithet denoting what belongs to the Gaels, tribes of 
Celtic origin inhabiting the highlands of Scotland. 

GaE'LIG, (ga'lik) n. The language of the highlanders of 
Scotland. 

GAFF, n. A fool. See Goff. 

GAFF, n. [Ir. gaf.] 1. A harpoon. 2. A sort of boom or 
pole, used in small ships. 

GAF'FER, n. [Sax. gcfere.] A word of respect, which 
seems to have degenerated into a term of familiarity or 
contempt. [Little used.] 

GAF'FLE, n. [Sax. geaflas.] 1. An artificial spur put on 
cocks when they are set to fight. 2. A steel lever to 
bend cross-bows. 

GAF'TY, a. Doubtful ; suspected. Cheshire. 

GAG, V. t. [W. cegiatc.] 1. To stop the mouth by thrusting 
something into the throat, so as to hinder speaking. 2 . 
To keck ; to heave with nausea. 

GAG, n. Something thrust into the month and throat to 
hinder speaking. 

GAGE, n. [Fr. ^a^e.] 1. A pledge or pawn; something 
laid down or given as a security. 2. A challenge to com- 
bat. 3. A measure, or rule of measuring ; a standard. 
[See Gauge.] 4. The number of feet which a ship sinks 
in the water. 5. Among letter -founders, a piece of hard 
wood variously notched, used to adjust the dimensions, 
slopes, &c. of the various sorts of letters. 6 . An instru- 
ment in joinery, made to strike a line parallel to the 
straight side of a board. — A sliding-gage, a tool used by 
mathematical instrument makers for measuring and set- 
ting off distances. — Sea-gage, an instrument for finding 
the depth of the sea. — Tide-gage, an instrument for de- 
termining the height of the tides. — Wind gage, an instru- 
ment for measuring the force of the wind on any given 
surface. — Weather gage, the windward side of a ship. 

GAGE, V. t. 1. To pledg'e ; to pawn ; to give or deposit as a 
pledge or security for some other act; to wage or wager; 
[ 065 .] 2. To bind by pledge, caution or security ; to en- 
gage. 3. To measure ; to take or ascertain the contents 
of a vessel, cask or ship ; written also gauge. 

GaGED, pp. Pledged; measured. 

Ganger, n. one who gages or measures the contents. 

GAG'GER, n. One that gags. 

GAG GLE, V. i. [D. gaggelen.] To make a noise like a 
goose. 

GAG'GLING, n. The noise of geese. 

GA'GING, ypr. Pledging ; measuring the contents. 

GaH'NITE, n. A mineral, called also automalite. 

GaPLY, adv. [better written gayly.] 1 Splendidly; with 
finery or showiness. 2. Joyfully ; merrily. 

GAIN, V. t. [Fr. gagner.] 1. To obtain by industry or the 
employment of capital ; to get as profit or advantage ; to 
acquire. 2. To win ; to obtain by superiority or success. 
3. To obtain ; to acquire ; to procure ; to receive. 4. To 
obtain an increase of any thing. 5. To obtain or receive 
any thing, good or bad. 6. To draw into any interest or 
party; to win to one’s side ; to conciliate. 7. To obtain as 
a suitor. 8. To reach ; to attain to ; to arrive at. — To gain 
into, to draw or persuade to join in. — To gain over, to draw 
to another party or interest ; to win over. — To gain ground, 
to advance in any undertaking ; to prevail ; to increase. 

GAIN, V. i. 1. To have advantage or jirofit ; to grow rich ; 
to advance in interest or happiness. 2. To encroach ; to 
advance on ; to come forward by degrees ; with on. 3. 
To advance nearer ; to gain ground on. 4. To get ground ; 
to prevail against, or have the advantage. 5. To obtain 
influence witli. — To gninthe wind, in sea language, is to 
arrive on the windward side of another ship. 

GAIN, n. [Fr. gain.] 1. Profit; interest; something ob- 
tained as an advantage. 2. Unlawful advantage. 3. 
Overplus in computation ; any thing opposed to loss. 

GAIN,??. [VY. orda.] In architecture, a beveling shoulder ; 
a lapping of timbers, or the cut that is made for receiving 
a timber. 

fGATN, a. Handy ; dextrous. 

GaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be obtained or reached. 

GaIN'AGE, r?. In old Za?05, the same as wainage, that is, 
guainage ; the horses, oxen and furniture of the wain, or 


the instruments for carrying on tillage ; also the land it» 
self, or the profit made by cultivation. 

Gained, pp. Obtained as profit or advantage ; won; drawn 
over to a party ; reached. 

GaINH'IR, 71. One that gains or obtains profit, interest or 
advantage. 

GaIN'FUL, a. 1. Producing profit or advantage ; profitable j 
advantageous ; advancing interest or happiness. 2. Lu- 
crative ; productive of money ; adding to the wealth or 
estate. 

GaIN'FUL-LY, adv. With increase of wealth ; profitably ; 
advantageously. 

GaIN'FUL-NESS, n. Profit ; advantage. 

I GaIN'GIV-ING, n. A misgiving; a giving against or 
away. Shah. 

GaIN'LESS, a. Not producing gain; unprofitable; not 
bringing advantage. Hammoixd. 

GaIN'LESS-NESS, n. Unprofitableness; want of advan- 
tage. Decay of Piety. 

[GaIN'EY, adv. Handily; readily; dextrously. 

*GAIN-SaY', v.t. [Sax. gean, or ongeaii, and saoi.] To 
contradict ; to oppose in words ; to deny or declare not to 
be true what another says ; to controvert ; to dispute. 

GAIN-SaY'ER, 77. One who contradicts or denies what is 
alledged ; an opposer. Tit. i. 

* GAIN-SaY'ING, ppr. Contradicting; denying; opposing. 

’GAINST. See Against. 

f GaIN'STAND, V. t. [Sax. gean, and staiid.] To with- 
stand ; to oppose ; to resist. Sidney. 

f GaIN'STRI VE, V. i. To make resistance. 

I GaIN'STRIVE, V. t. To withstand. 

GAIR'ISH, a. [Sax. gearician.] 1. Gaudy ; showy ; fine j 
affectedly fine ; tawdry. 2. Extravagantly gay ; flighty. 

GAIR'ISH-LY, adv. Gaudily ; in a showy manner. 

GAIR'ISH-NESS, n. Gaudiness ; finery ; ostentatious show. 
2. Flighty or extravagant joy, or ostentation. 

GAIT, n. 1. A going; a walk; a march; a way. Shah. 
2. Manner of walking or stepping. 

GaIT'ED, a. Having a particular gait, or method of walk- 
ing. 

G alter, n. A covering of cloth for the leg. 

GaI'TER, V. t. To dress with gaiters. 

Ga'LA, n. [Sp. gala.] A gala day is a day of pomp, show 
or festivity, when persons appear in their best apparel. 

GA-LA€'TITE, n. A fossil substance. 

f GA-LaGE', 71 . [Sp. ^aZoc/i<z. See Galoche.] A wooden 
shoe. Spe7iser. 

GA-LAN 'GA, 71. A plant, a species of the maranta. 

GA-LAN'GAL, n. Zedoary, a species of kampferia. 

GA-LA'TIANS, n. Inhabitants of Galatia. 

*GAL'AX-Y, 77. [Gr. ya\a^iag.] 1. The milky wmy ; that 
long, white, luminous track, which seems to encompass 
the heavens like a girdle. 2. An assemblage of splendid 
persons or things. Bp. Hall. 

GAL'BA-NUM, ) n. The concrete, gummy, resinous juice 

GAL'BAN, j of an umbelliferous plant, called ferula 
jlfHcana. 

GALE, 77. [Dan. gal Ir. gal.] A current of air; a strong 
wind. In the lamguage of seainen, the word gale, unac- 
companied by an "epithet, signifies a vehement wind, a 
storm or tempest. Mar. Diet. 

GALE, 77. A plant. Crabbe. 

GALE, V. i. In seamen’s language, to sail, or sail fast, 

Ga'LE-A, 77. [L. galea.] A genus of sea hedge-hogs. 

GAL'E-A^, 77. A Venetian ship, large, but low built. 

Ga'LE-A-TED, a. [L. galeatus.] 1. Covered as with a 
helmet. — 2. In botany, having a flower like a helmet, as 
the monk’s-hood. 

GA-LEE'TO, 77. A fish of the genus blennius. 

GA-Le'NA, 77. [Gr. ya'Xrjvy.] 1. Originally, the name of the 
theriaca. 2. Sulphuret of lead. 

GA-LEN'I€, \a. 1. Pertaining to or containing galena. 

GA-LEN'I-€AL, I 2. [from Galen, the physician.] Re- 
lating to Galen. 

Ga'LEN-ISM, 77. The doctrines of Galen. 

Ga'LEN-IST, 77. A follower of Galen. 

Ga'LER-ITE, 77. A genus of fossil shells. 

GAL-I-Le'AN, 77. A native or inhabitant of Galilee. Also, 
one of a sect among the Jew’s. 

GAL-I-Ma'TIA, n. [Fr. galimatias.] Nonsense. 

GAL'IOT, 77. [Fr. galiote.] 1. A small galley, or sort of 
brigantine, built for chase. 2. Galiot, or galliott, a Dutch 
vessel, carrying a main-mast and a mizzen-mast. 

GAL'I-POT, 77. [Sp.] A white resin or resinous juice. 

GALL, 77. [Sa X. gealla ; G. galle.] 1. In the animal econo- 
my, the bile, a bitter, yellowish-green fluid, secreted in 
the glandular substance of the liver. 2. Any thing ex- 
tremely bitter. 3. Rancor; malignity. 4. Anger; bitter- 
ness of mind. 

GALL'BLAD-DER, 77. A small membranous sack, shaped 
like a pear, which receives the bile from the liver by the 
cystic duct. 

GALL'SICK-NESS, n. A remitting bilious fever. 




GAM 


GAL 368 




GALL'STONE, n. A concretion formed in the gallblad- 
der. 

GALL, n. [L. galla ; Sax. gealla.] A hard, round excres- 
cence on the oak tree in certain warm climates, said to be 
the nest of an insect called njiiips. 

GALL, V, t. [Fr. galcr.] 1. To fret and wear away by fric- 
tion j to excoriate ; to hurt or break tlie skin by rubbing. 
2. To impair ; to wear away. 3. To tease ; to fret ; to 
vex ; to chagrin. 4. To wound \ to break the surface of 
any thing by rubbing. 5. To injure ; to harass j to annoy. 

GALL, V . t. To fret j to be teased. Shak. 

GALL, n. A wound in the skin by rubbing. 

GAL'LANT a. [Fr. gal ant j S\). galante.] 1. Gay ; well- 
dressed ; showy j splendid j magnificent ; ^ 0 ^ 5 .] 2. Brave 5 
high-spirited j courageous j heroic ; magnanimous. 3. 
Fine ; noble. 

GAL-LA AT', a. Courtly j civile polite and attentive to la- 
dies ; courteous. 

GAL-LaA'T', /f. LA gay, sprightly man ; a courtly or fash- 
ionable man. 2. A man who is polite and attentive to 
ladies ; one who attends upon ladies at parties, or to 
places of amusement. 3. A wooer ; a lover ; a suitor. — 
4. in an ill sense, one who caresses a woman for lewd 
purposes. 

GAL-LANT', v. t. 1. To attend or wait on, as a lady. 2. 
To handle with grace or in a modish manner. 

GAL'fjAi\T-LY, a</«. 1. Gayly ; splendidly. 2. Bravely ; 
nobly ; heroically ; generously. 

GAL-LANT'LY, ado. In the manner of a wooer. 

GAL'LANT-NFSS, n. Elegance or completeness of an ac- 
(piired qualification. Howell. V 

GAL'LAN'T-RY, n. [Sp. galanthria ; Fr, galanterie.] 1. 
Splendor of appearance; sliow’^v magnificence ; ostenta- 
tious finery. 2. Bravery ; coura^ousness ; heroism ; in- 
trepidity. 3. Nobleness; genenwy. 4. Civility or po- 
lite attentions to ladies. 5. Vicjoiis love or pretensions 
to love ; civilities paid to females forMhe purpose of win- 
ning favors ; hence, lewdness ; debaitchery. 

GAL'LATE, n. A neutral salt formed "by the gallic acid 
combined with a base. Lavoisier. % 

GAL'LE-ASS. See Galeas. 

GALLED, pp. Having the skin or surface \vorn or torn by 
weciring or rubbing ; fretted ; teased ; injured ; vexed. 

GAL'LE-ON, 11 . [Sp. g-aZeori.] A large ship formerly used by 
the Spaniards, in their commerce with South America, 
usually furnished with four decks. 

GAL'LER-Y, [Fr. ^a^erie.] 1. In rtrc/hfecfiire, a covered 
p.art of a building, commonly in the wings, used as an 
ambulatory or place for walking. 2. An ornamental 
walk or apartment in gardens, formed by trees. — 3. In 
churches, R floor elevated on columns, and furnished with 
pews or seats. A similar structure in a play-house. — 4. 
In fortification, a covered walk across the ditch of a town, 
made of beams covered with planks and loaded with 
eartli. — 5. In a mine, a harrow passage or branch of the 
mine carried under ground to a work designed to be blown 
up. — fi. In a ship, a frame like a balcony. 

GAL'LE-TYLE, n. Gallipot. Bacon. 

GAL'LEY, n . ; pin. Galleys. [Sp. galera.'] 1. A low, flat- 
built vessel, with one deck, and navigated tvith sails and 
oars ; used in the Mediterranean. 2. A piace 01 toil and 
misery. 3. An open boat used on the Thames by custom- 
house officers, press-gangs, and for pleasure. 4. The 
cook room or kitchen of a ship of war. 5. An oblong re- 
verberatory furnace, with a row of retorts. 

GAL'LEY-FOIST, 71 . A barge of state. Hakewell. 

G AIJLEY-SLA VE, n. A person condemned for a crime to 
work at the oar on board of a galley. 

GALL'FIA”, n. The insect that punctures plants, and occa- 
sions galls ; the cyvips. Encyc. 

fGAL'LIARD, (gal'yard) a. [Fr. gaillard.] Gay ; brisk ; 
active. Chaucer. 

fGAL'LIARD, n. A brisk, gay man ; also, a lively dance. 
Bacon. 

t GAI7L1ARD-ISR, n. Merriment; excessive gayety. 

fGAL'LTARD-NESS, 77 . Gayety. Ooyton. 

GAL'Lie, a. [ Qallia.'] Pertaining to Gaul or France. 

GALLTG, a. [from gall.] Belonging to galls or oak apples ; 
derived from galls. 

GALLI-GAN, a. [L. Oallic 2 is.] Pertaining to Gaul or 
France. 

GAL'LI-CISM, 77 . [Fr. Gallicisrne.] A mode of speech pecu- 
liar to the French nation. 

GAL-LI-GAS'KINS, n. [qu. Caligoe Vasconum.] Large 
open hose ; used only in ludicrous language. 

GAL-LI-Ma'TIA, n. Nonsense ; talk without meaning. 

GAL'TjLMAU-FRY, 77. [Fr. galimafree.] 1. A hash; a 
medley ; a hodge-podge ; [little tiscc?.] 2. Any inconsist- 
ent or ridiculous medley. 3, A woman ; [ 06 s.] 

GAL-LT-Na'CEO(JS, a. [L. gallinaceus.] 1. Designating 
that order of fowls called gallinw, including the domestic 
fowls or those of the pheasant kind. 

GALL'ING, ppr, L Fretting the skin ; excoriating. 2. a. 
'Adapted to fret or chagrin ; vexing. 


GAL'LI-NUTjE, 71. [L. gallinula.] A tribe of fowls of the 
grallic order, included under the genus fulica. 

GAL'LIOT, or GAL'LEOT. See Gahot. 

GAL'LI-POT, 77 . [D. gleye, and pot.] A small pot or vessel 
painted and glazed, usetl for containing medicines. 

GAL-LIT'Z1N-1TE, 77 . Rutile, an ore 01 titanium . 

GAL'LI-VAT, 77 . A small vessel used on the Malabar coast. 
Todd. 

GALL'LESS, a. Free from gall or bitterness. 

GAL'LON, 77 . [S^p. galon.] A measure of capacity for dry 
or liquid things, but usually for liquids, containing four 
quarts. 

GAL-LOON', 77 . [Fr. galon.] A kind of close lace made of 
gold or silver, or of silk only. 

GAL'LOP, V . i. [Fr. galoper.] 1. To move or run with 
leaps, as a horse ; to run or move with speed. 2. To ride 
witli a galloping pace. 3. I’o move very fast ; to run 
over. 

GAL'LOP, 77 . The movement or pace of a quadruped, par- 
ticularly of a horse, by springs, reaches or leaps. 

GAL'LOP-ER, 77 . 1. A horse that gallops; also, a man that 
gallops or makes haste. — 2. In artilUry, a carriage which 
bears a gun of a pound and a half ball. 

fGAL'LO-PIN, 77 . [Fr.] A servant for the kitchen. 

fGAL'LoW, v.t. [t~ax. 77^<KDfa77.] To fright or terrify. 

GAL'LO-WaY, 77 . A liorse or species of horses of a small 
size, bred in Galloway in Scotland. 

GAL'LoW-GLaSS, 77 . An ancient Irish foot soldier. 

GAL'LoWS, 77. ,• phi. Gallowses. [Sax. galg, gealga.] 

1. An instrument of punishment whereon criminals are 
executed by hanging. 2. A wretch that deserves the gal- 
lows ; [not used.] Shak. 

GAL'LoWS-FREE, a. Free from danger of the gallows. 
Dry den. 

G AL'LdW-TREE, 7?. The tree of execution. 

GATjIi'Y, a. Like gall ; bitter as gall. Cranmer. 

GAL'LY, 77 . [Port, gale.] A printer’s frame. 

GAL'LY-WoRM, n. An insect of the centiped kind. 

GA-LocHE', 77 . [Fr., from Sp. galocha.] A patteii, clog or 
wooden shoe, or a shoe to be worn over another shoe to 
keep the foot dry. It is written also galoshe. 

fGAL'SoME, (gawlsum) a. Angry; malignant. 

GAL-VAN'I€, a. Pertaining to galvanism; containing or 
exhibiting it. 

GAL'VAN-ISM, n. [from Oalvani, of Bologna, the discov- 
erer.] Electrical plienomena, in which the electricity is 
developed without the aid of friction, and in which a 
chemical action takes place between certain bodies. Edin. 
Encyc. 

GAL'VAN-IST, n. One who believes in galvanism; one 
versed in galvanism. 

GAL'VA-NTZE, v. t. To affect with galvanism. 

GAL-VA-NOL'O-GIST, n. One who describes the phe- 
nomena of galvanism. 

GAL-VA-NOL'O-GY, n. A treatise on galvanism, or a de- 
scription of its phenomena. 

GAL-VA-NOM'E-TER, v. An instrument for measuring 
minute quantities of electricity. 

GA-MASH'ES, n. Short spatterdashes worn by ploughmen. - 

GAM-Ba'DoES, 77 . Spatterdashes. 

GAM'BET, 77 . A bird of the size of the greenshank. 

GAM'BLE, V . i . To play or game for money. 

GAM'BLE, V . t. To gamble away, is to squander by gam- 
ing. Ames. 

GAM'BLER, n. One who games or plays for money or other 
stake. 

GAM'BLING, ppr. Gaming for money. 

GAM-BdGE', 77. A concrete vegetable juice, or gum-resin, 
brought from Cambogia. 

GAM'BOL, v.i. [Fr. gambiller.] 1. To dance and skip 
about in sport ; to frisk ; to leap ; to play in frolick. 2. 
To leap ; to start. 

GAM'BOL, 77 . A skipping or leaping about in frolick ; a 
skip ; a hop ; a leap ; a sportive prank. 

GAM'BOL-ING, p/7r. Leaping; frisking; playing pranks. 

GAM'BREL, n. [It. gamba.] The hind leg of a horse. 
Hence, in America, a crooked stick used by butchers. A 
hipped roof is called a gambrel-roof. 

GAM'BREL, v. t. To tie by the leg. Beaumont. 

GAME, 77 . [Ice. gaman ; Sax. gamen.] 1 . Sport of any kind. 

2. Jest ; opposed to earnest ; [not used.] 3. An exercise 
or play for amusement or winning a stake. 4. A single 
match at play. 5. Advantage in play ; as, to play the 
game into another’s hand. 6. Scheme pursued ; measures 
planned. 7. Field sports ; the chase, falconry, &c. 8. 
Animals pursued or taken in the cliase, or in the spoits of 
the field. — 9. In antAquity, gmwes were public diversions 
or contests exhibited as spectacles. 10. Mockery ; sport ; 
derision. 

GAME, V . i. [Sax. gamian.] 1. To play at any sport or di- 
version. 2. To play for a stake or prize. 3. To practice 
gaming. 

GaME'COGK, 77 . A cock bred or used to fight ; a cock kept 
for barbarous sport. Locke. 


* See Synopsis, A, E, I, O, t, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


GAO 369 gar 


GAME'-EGG, n. An egg from which a fighting cock is bred. 
Oarth. 

GaME'KEEP-ER, 7/. One who has the care of game. 

GaME'LEG, n. fa corruption of gavi, or earn, crooked, and 
leif.J A lame leg. 

GaME'SoME, a. Gay ; sportive ; playful ; frolicksome. 

GaME'S6ME-NESS, 71. {Sportiveness ; merriment. 

GaME'S6ME-LY, adv. Merrily ; playfully. 

GaM EASTER, n. 1. A person addicted to gaming ; a gam- 
bler. 2. One engaged at play. 3. A merry, frolicksome 
person ; [;tof used.] 4. A prostitute j [not in wse.] 

GaxM'ING, ppr. Playing ; sporting ; playing for money. 

GaM'ING, 71. 1. The act or art of playing any game in a 
contest for a victory, or for a prize or stake. 2. Tlie prac- 
tice of gamesters. 

GaM'ING-HOUSE, 71. A house where gaming is practiced. 
Blackstone. 

GaM'ING-TA-BIjE, 7j. a table appropriated to gaming. 

GAM'MER, 71. [Sw. gammal.] The compellation of an old 
woman, answering to gaffer^ applied to an old man. 

GAM'MER-STANG, n. A great, foolish, wanton girl j a hoi- 
den ; an awkward girl. Craven dialect. 

GAM'MON, 71. [It. gamba.'l 1. The buttock or thigh of a 
liog, pickled and smoked or dried ; a smoked ham. 2. A 
game, called, usually^ hack-gammon. 

GAM'MON, V. t. 1. To make bacon ; to pickle and dry in 
smoke. 2. To fasten a bowsprit to the stem of a ship by 
several turns of a rope. 

GAM^MON, V. t. In the game of hack-gammon^ the party 
that, by fortunate throws of the dice, or by superior skill 
in moving, withdraws all his men from the board before 
his antagonist has been able to get his men home and 
withdraw any of them from his table, gammons his an- 
tagonist. 

GAM'MUT, 71. [Sp. ga7n7na.] 1. A scale on which notes in 
music are written or printed. 2. I’lie first or gravest note 
in Guido’s scale of music, the modern scale. 

GAN. A contraction of began. [Sax. gijnnan.'] 

GANCII, V. t. [It. gancio.'] To drop from a high place on 
hooks, as the Turks do malefactors. 

GAN'DER, 71. [Sax. gandra.'l The male of fowls of the 
goose kind. 

GANG, v.i. [Sax. g-n7?,rra7?.] To go; to walk. [Locals or 
7ised only in ludicrous layiguage.] 

GANG, n. [Sax., D., Dan., G. gang ; Goth, 1. A 

company, or a number of persons associated for a particu- 
lar purpose. — 2. In seamen's language., a select number of 
a sliip’s crew, appointed on a particular service, under a 
suitable officer. — 3. In mining, literally, a course or vein ; 
appropriately, an earthy, stony, saline, or combustible 
substance, which contains the ore of metals. [This is 
improperly written gangue.\ 

GANG'BoARD, n. A board or plank with cleats for steps, 
used for walking into or out of a boat. ' 

GANG'D AYS, n. Days of perambulation. 

GANG'HON, 71. A flower, jimsicorth. 

GANG'LI-ON, n. [Gr. yayyXtov.] 1. In anatomy, a small 
circumscribed tumor, found in certain parts of the nervous 
system. — ^2. In surgery, a movable tumor formed on the 
tendons. 

GAN'G RE-NATE, v. t. To produce a gangrene 

GAN'GRENE, n. [Fr. ; L. gangreena.'] A mortification of 
living flesh, or of some part of a living animal body. 

GAN'GRENE, v. t. To mortify, or to begin mortification in. 

GAN'GRENE, v. i. To become mortified. 

G AN-GRE-NES'CENT, a. Tending to mortification ; begin- 
ning to corrupt or putrefy, as living flesh. 

GAN'GRE-NOUS, a. Mortified ; indicating mortification of 
living flesh. 

GANGUE. An incorrect spelling. See Gang. 

GANG'WaY, n. A passage, way or avenue into or out of 
any inclosed place, especially a passage into or out of a 
ship, or from one part of a ship to another. 

GANG'WEEK, n. Rogation week, when processions are 
made to lustrate the bounds of parishes. 

GAN'IL, 71. A kind of brittle limestone. Kirioan. 

GAN'NET, 71. [Sax. ganot.] The solan goose. 

GaNT'LET, ) n. [Fr. gantelet.] A large iron glove with 

GXUNT'LET, ^ fingers covered with small plates, former- 
ly worn by cavaliers, armed at all points. — To throw the 
gantlet, is to challenge. — To take up the gantlet, is to ac- 
cept the challenge. 

GANT'LOPE, or GANT'LET, n. A military punishment 
inflicted on criminals for some heinous offense. A simi- 
lar punishment is used on board of ships. This word 
is chiefly used in the phrase, to run the gantlet or gant- 
lope. 

GAN'ZA, 71. [Sp. ganso.'] A kind of w'ild goose. 

Gaol, ( jale) n. [Fr. geble ; Arm. geol, or jol ; W. geoL] 
A prison ; a place for the confinement of debtors and 
criminals. 

Gaol, ( jale) v. t. To imprison ; to confine in prison. 

GAOL-DE-LIV'ER-Y, ( jale-de-liv'er-y) 77. A judicial pro- 


cess for clearing jails of criminals, by trial and condemna- 
tion or acquittal. 

GAOL'ER, ( ja'ler) n. The keeper of a gaol or prisoner ; a 
jailor. 

GAP, 71. 1. An opening in any thing made by breaking or 
parting. 2. A breach. 3. Any avenue or passage ; way 
of entrance or departure. 4. A breach ; a defect ; a flaw ; 
as, a gap in honor or reputation. 5. An interstice ; a 
vacuity. 6. A hiatus ; a chasm. — To stop a <^ap, to se- 
cure a weak point ; to repair a defect.— To stand in the 
gap, to expose one’s self for the protection of something. 

GAPE, V. i. [Sax. geapan.] 1. To open the mouth wide, 
from sleepiness, drowsiness or dullness ; to yawn. 2. I’o 
open the mouth for food, as young birds. 3. To gape for 
or after, to desire earnestly ; to crave ; to look and long 
for. — To gape at, in a like sense, is hardly correct. 4. To 
open ill fissures or crevices. 5. To have a hiatus. G. To 
open the mouth in wonder or surprise. 7. To utter sound 
with open throat. 8. To open the month with hope or ex- 
pectation. 9. To open the mouth W’ith a desire to injure 
or devour. 

GAPE, 71. A gaping. 

GAP'ER, 71. 1. One who gapes; a yawner. 2. One who 
opens his mouth for wonder and stares foolishly. 3. One 
who longs or craves. 4. A fish with six or seven bands 
and tail undivided. 

GAP'ING, ppr. Opening the mouth wide from sleepiness, 
dullness, wonder or admiration; yawning; opening in 
fissures ; craving. 

GAP'TOOTHED, a. Having interstices between the teeth. 
Dryde7i. 

GAR, in Saxon, a dart, a weapon ; as in Edgar, or Eadgar, 
a happy weapon ; Ethelgar, noble weapon. 

GAR'A-GAY, n. h rapacious fowl of Mexico. 

GARB, 71. [Fr. gdrbe.] 1. Dress ; clothes ; habit. 2. Fash- 
ion or mode of dress. 3. Exterior appearance ; looks. — 4. 
[Sp. garba.] In heraldry, a sheaf of corn. 

GAR 'B AGE, n. The bowels of an animal ; refuse parts of 
flesh; oflal. Dr^yden. 

GAR'BAGED, a. Stripped of the bowels. Sher7oood. 

GAR'BEL, 71 . The plank next the keel of a ship. See Ga.r- 

nOARD-STREAK. 

GAR'BISH, V. t. To exenterate. Barret. 

GAR'BISH, 77. Corrupted from garbage. Moi'timer. 

GAR'BLE, V. t. [Sp. garhillar.] 1. To sift or bolt ; to sep- 
arate the fine or valuable parts of a substance from the 
useless parts. 2. To separate ; to pick ; to cull out. Dryd. 

GAR'BLED,pp. Sifted; bolted; separated; Culled out. 

GAR'BLER, 7 i. 1. One who garbles, sifts or separates. 2. 
One who picks out, culls or selects. 

GAR'BLES, 71 . plu. The dust, soil or filth, severed from 
good spices, drugs, &c. Cyc. 

GAR'BLING, ppr. Sifting ; separating ; sorting ; culling. 

GAR'BOARD, n. The garboard plank, in a ship, is the first 
plank fastened on the keel on the outside. — Oarboard- 
streak, in a ship, is the first range or streak of planks laid 
on a ship’s bottom, next the keel. 

fGAR'BOIL, 71. [Old Fr. garbouil ; It. garbuglio.] Tumult; 
uproar. 

GARD. See Guard and Ward. 

GAR'DEN, 71 . [G. garten', W. garth ; It. giardino j Sp., Fr. 
jardin.] 1. A piece of ground appropriated to the cul- 
tivation of herbs, or plants, fruits and flowers. 2. A rich, 
well-cultivated spot or tract of country ; a delightful spot. 
— Garden, in composition, is used adjectively ; as, garden- 
771 old. 

GAR'DEN, V. i. To lay out and to cultivate a garden. 

GAR'DEN-ER, n. One whose occupation is to make, tend 
and dress a garden. 

GAR'DEN-ING, ppr. Cultivating or tilling a garden. 

GAR'DEN-ING, 7j. The act of laying out and cultivating 
gardens ; horticulture. Encyc. 

GAR'DEN-MoLD, 7i. Mold fit for a garden. Mortimer. 

GAR'DEN-PLOT, ?i. The plot or plantation of a garden. 
Milton. 

GAR'DEN-STUFF, n. Plants growing in a garden ; vege- 
tables for the table. 

GAR'DEN-TIL-LAGE, 77. Tillage used in cultivating gar- 
dens. 

fGAR'DEN-WARE, n. The produce of gardens. 

GAR'DON, 77. A fish of the roach kind. 

GARE, 77 . Coarse wool grow/ing on the legs of sheep. 

GAR'GA-RISM, n. [L. gargarismus.] A gargle ; any liquid 

preparation used to wash the mouth and throat. 

GAR'G A-RTZE, v. t. [Fr. gargariser.] To wash or rinse the 
mouth with any medicated liquor. 

GAR'GET, 71 . A distemper in cattle. 

GAR'GIL, 77. A distemper in geese. E777;7 /c. 

GAR'GLE, V. t. [Fr. gargoiuller.'] 1. To wash the throat 
and mouth with a liquid preparation, which is kept from 
descending into the stomach by a gentle expiration of air. 
2. To warble ; to play in the throat. , • 

GAR'GLE, 77 . Any liquid preparation for washing the 

mouth and throat. Wiseman. 


S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; 

‘ ‘24 


GAS 


370 


GAT 


GaR'GLI-ON”, n. An exsudation of nervous juice from a 
bruise, which indurates into a tumor. 

GAR GUL, 71. A distemper in swine. J\Io7-timer. 

GA'RISri. SccGairish. 

GAll'LAiVD, n. [Fr. ft uirlaiide.] 1. A wreath or chaplet 
made of branches or flowers. 2. An ornament of flow- 
ers, fruits and leaves intermixed, anciently used at the 
gates of temples. 3. The top ; the principal tiling. 4. A 
collection of little printed pieces. — 5. In ships, a sort of 
net used by sailors instead of a locker or cupboard 

GaIv'LAND, V. t. To deck with a garland. B JnvsoTi. 

GAR'Lie, 71 . [Sax. garlcc, or garleac.] A plant of the genus 
allium, having a bulbous root and strong smell. 

GAR'LI€-kAT-ER, 71. A low fellow. Shale. 

GAR'L1€-PEaR-TREE, 7i. A tree in Jamaica. 

GAR'MENT, 7 i. [Norm, ganiament.] Any article of cloth- 
ing, as a coat, a gown, <fcc. — Oarvienis, in the plural, de- 
notes clothing in general ; dress. 

GARDNER, 71. fFr. greaier.] A granary ; a building or place 
where grain is stored for preserv.ation. 

GAR'iVEK, V. t. To store in a granary. Shak. 

GAR'NEJ', 71. [It. granato ; Er. ^roiat.] 1. A mineral 
usually occurring in crystals. — 2. In ships, a sort of tackle 
fixed to the main-stay. 

GAR'NISH, V. t. [Fr. garvir.'] 1. To adorn ; to decorate 
with appendages ; to set off. 2. To fit with fetters ; a cant 
term. 3. To furnish ; to supply. — 4. In law, to warn j to 
give notice. See Garnishee. 

GAIFNISil, 71. ]. Ornament; something added for embel- 
lishment ; decoration. — ^2. In jails, fetters ; a cant term.. 

3. Pensiuucula carceraria, a fee ; an acknowledgment in 
money when first a prisoner goes to jail. 

GAIFNISHED, pp. 1. Adorned ; decorated; embellished. 
2. Furnished. 3. Warned ; notified. 

GAR-NISH-EE', 7i. In lane, one in whose hands the proper- 
ty of an absconding or absent debtor is attached. Stat. of 
Connecticut. 

GAR'NISH-ER, n. One who decorates. Sherwood. 

GAR'NISIl-ING, 77/77*. Adorning; decorating; warning. 

GAR'NISH-MENT, n. 1. Ornament ; embellishment. 2. 
Warning ; legal notice to the agent or attorney of an ab- 
sconding debtor. • 3. A fee. 

GAR'NI-TURE, n. Ornamental appendages; embellish- 
ment; furniture; dress. jJddison. Beattie. 

Ga'ROUS, a. [L. garum.'] Resemblkig pickle made of fish. 
Brown. 

GAR'.RAN, or GAR'RON, n. [fr. garra7i.~\ A small horse ; 
a highland horse ; a hack ; a jade ; a galloway. Temple. 

GAR'REl', 71. [Scot, garret.] 1. That part of a house 
wliich is on the upper floor, immediately under the roof. 
2. Rotten wood ; [ii^5.] 

GAR'RET-ED, a. Protected by turrets. Careio. 

GAR-RET-EER', n. An inhabitant of a garret ; a poor au- 
thor. 

GAR'RI-SON, (gar're-sn') n. [Fr. garnison.] 1. A body of 
troops stationed in a fort or fortified town. 2. A fort, 
castle or fortified town, furnished with troops to defend 
it. 3. The state of being placed in a fortification for its 
defense. 

GAR'RI-SON, V. t. 1. To place troops in a fortress for its 
defense ; to furnish with soldiers. 2. To secure or defend 
by fortresses manned with troops. 

GAR-Ru'LI-TY, n. [L. rrarrulitas.] Talkativeness ; loqua- 
city ; the practice or habit of talking much ; a babbling or 
tattling. 

GAR'RE-LOUS, a. Talkative ; prating. Thomson. 

GAR^TER, 77. [Fv. jarretiere.] 1. A string or band used to 
tie a stocking to the leg. 2. The badge of an order of 
knighthood in Great Britain, called the oi'der of the garter, 
instituted by Edward III. 3. 'The principal king at arms. 

4. A term in heraldrii, signifying the half of a bend. 

GAR'TER, r, t. 1. To bind with a garter. 2. To invest 

with the order of the garter. JVarton. 

GAR'TER-FISH, n. A fish having a long body. 

GARTH, 71. [W. <ra7*2.] 1. A dam or wear for catching fish. 
2. A close ; a little backside ; a yard ; a croft ; a garden ; 

[l7?7.^.| 

GA'RTJM, 71. [L.] A pickle in which fish has been pre- 
served. 

GAS, 71. [Sax. gast ,* G. geist ,* D. geest.] In chemistry, a 
permanently elastic aeriform fluid, or a substance reduced 
to the state of an aeriform fluid by its permanent combi- 
nation with caloric. 

GAS'GON, 77. A native of Gascony, in France. 

GAS'GON-aDE, 71. [Fr., from Gascon, an inhabitant of 
Gascony, the people of which are noted for boasting.] A 
boast or boasting ; a vaiint ; a bravado ; a bragging. Sicift.. 

GAF-GON ADE', v.i. To boast; to brag; to vaunt; to 
bluster. 

GAF'E-OUF, a. In the form of gas or an aeriform fluid. 

GASH, 71. A deep and long cut ; an incision of considerable 
lenath, particularly in flesh. Milton. 

GAf^^TT, V. i. To make a gash, or long, deep incision. 

GASHEH, pp. Cut with a '.^ng, deep incision. 


GASH^FUL, a. Full of gashes ; hideous. 

GASHTNG, J7/77*. Cutting long, deep incisions. 

GAS-I FI-CA'TION, 71. The act or process of converting 
into gas. 

GAST-FIED, pp. Converted into an aeriform fluid. 

GAST-FY, V. t. [gas, and L.facio*] To convert into gas or 
an aeriform fluid by combination with caloric. 

GAST-FY-ING, ppr. Converting into gas. 

GAS'KET, 71. [Fp. cazeta.] A plaited cord fastened to the 
sail-yard of a ship, and used to furl or tie the sail to the 
yard. 

GAS'KINF, 71. plu. Galligaskins; wide, open hose. See 
Galligaskins. Shak. 

GAS' LIGHT, 71. Light produced by the comb;istion of car- 
bureted hydrogen gas. 

GA-SOM'E-TER, n. and Gr. perpov.] In chemistry, 

an instrument or apparatus, intended to measure, collect, 
preserve or mix different gases. 

G A-SOM'E-TRY, 71. The science, art or practice of mea- 
suring gases. Coze. 

GASP, v.i. [Sw. g-ispo.] 1. To open the mouth wide in 
catching the breath or in laborious respiration, particularly 
in dying. 2. To long for ; [ofis.] 

GASP, V. t. I’o emit breath by opening wide the mouth. 

GASP, 71. 1. The act of ojiening the mouth to catch the 
breath. 2. The short catch of the breath in the agonies of 
death. 

GASP'ING, ppr. Opening the mouth to catch the breath. 

t G aST ) 

t GAST'ER I rnftke aghast ; to frighten. Shak. 

I GAST'NESS, 71. Amazement; fright. Shak. 

GAS TRIC, a. [Gr. yaaryp.] Belonging to the belly, or 
rather to the stomach. 

GAS-TRIIJO-QUIST, n. [Gr. yacryp, and li. loquor.] One 
who speaks from his belly or stomach ; hence, one who 
so modifies his voice that it seems to come from another 
person or place. 

gAS'TRO-CELE, 71. [Gr. yaaryp and tct/Xt/.] A rupture of 
the stomach. Quincy. 

GAS'TRO-MAN-CY, 7i. [Gr. y a anjp and pavrcia.] A kind 
of divination among the ancients by means of words 
seeming to be uttered from the belly. 

GAS-TROR'A-PHY, 7i. [Gr. yaaryp and paepy.] The oper- 
ation of sewing up wounds of the abdomen. 

GAS-TROT'O-MY, n. [Gr. yaaryp and repvio.] The opera- 
tion of cutting into or opening the abdomen. 

GAT, pret. of get. 

GATE, 71. [Sax. gate, geat.] 1. A large door which gives 
entrance into a walled city, a castle, a temple, palace or 
other large edifice. 2. A frame of timber which opens or 
closes a passage into any inclosure ; also, the passage. 
3. The frame which shuts or stops the passage of water 
through a dam into a flume. 4. An avenue ; an opening ; 
a way. 

GaT'ED, a. Having gates. Yoiivg. 

GaTE'VEIN, 77. The vena portw, a large vein which con- 
veys the blood from the abdominal viscera into the liver. 
Bacon. 

GaTE'WaY, 77. ]. A way through the gate of some inclo- 
sure. 2. A building to be passed at the entrance of the 
area before a mansion. 

GATH'ER, 77. t. [Fax. gaderian, or gatherian.] I. To bring 
together ; to collect. 2. To get in harvest ; to reap or cut 
and bring into barns or stores. 3. To pick up ; to glean ; 
to get in small parcels and bring together. 4. To pluck ; 
to collect by cropping, picking or plucking. 5. To as- 
semble ; to congregate ; to bring persons into one place. 

6. To collect in abundance ; to accumulate ; to ama«s. 

7. To select and take ; to separate from others and bring 
together. 8. To sweep together. 9 To bring into one 
body or interest. 10. To draw together from a state of 
expansion or diffusion ; to contract. IJ. To gain. 12. To 
pucker ; to plait. 13. To deduce by inference ; to collect 
or learn by reasoning. 14. To coil as a serpent. — To 
gather hreuth, to have respite ; [efo.] Spenser. 

GATH'ER, V. i. 1. To collect ; to unite ; to increase ; to be' 
condensed. 2. To increase ; to grow larger by accretion 
of like matter. 3. To assemble. 4. To generate pus or 
matter. 

GATIFER-A-BLE, a. That may be collected ; that may be 
deduced. [ Unusiial.] Godwin. 

GATH'ERED, 7777 . Collected ; assembled ; contracted ; plait- 
ed ; drawn by inference. 

GATH'ER ER, n. One who gathers or collects ; one who 
gets in a crop. 

GATH'ER-ING, pp". Collecting; assembling; drawing to- 
gether ; plaiting ; wrinkling. 

gAtH'ER-ING, 77 . 1. The act of collecting or assembling. 
2. Collection ; a crowd ; an assembly. 3. Charitable con- 
tribution. 4. A tumor suppurated or maturated; a collec- 
tion of pus ; an abscess. 

GATH'ERS, 77. Plaits; folds; puckers; wrinkles in cloth. 
Hudibras. 


* See Synopsis. A, K, I, O, U, Y, Zc777ir._FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;~1TN, MARINE, BIRD;— ^ Obsolete. 


GEM 


GAZ 


371 


GAT'TER-TREE, n. A species of cornuSy or cornelian 
cherry. Fam. of Plants. 

I GAT'-TOOTHED, a. Goat-toothed j having a lickerish 
tooth. Chaucer. 

I GAUD, v.i. [Lt. gaudco.\ To exult ; to rejoice, 
t GAUD, «. [Yi. gaudium.'] An ornament j something worn 
for adorning the person j a fine thing. 
fGAUD'ED, a. Adorned with trinkets ; colored. Shak. 
GAUD ER-Y, 71. Finery; fine things ; ornaments. 

GAUD I-LY, adv. Showily ; with ostentation of fine dress. 
GaUD'I-NESS, 7/. Showiness; tinsel appearance; ostenta- 
tious finery. Whitlock. 

GAUD'Y, a. 1. Showy; splendid; ^ay. 2. Ostentatiously 
fine ; gay beyond the simplicity ot nature or good taste. 
GAUD Y, n. A feast or festival ; a icord in the university. 
Cheync. 

GAUGE, (gSLje) v.t. [Fr. jau^er.] 1. To measure or to as- 
certain the contents of a cask or vessel. 2. To measure 
in respect to proportion. 

GAUGE, vgiije) n. 1. A measure ; a standard of measure. 

2. Measure ; dimensions. 

GAUGED, pp. Measured. 

GAUG'ER, (gii'jer) n. One who gauges; an ofiicer whose 
business is to ascertain tlie contents of casks. 

GAUG'ING, (gii'jing) ppr. Measuring a cask ; ascertaining 
dimensions or proportions of quantity. 

GAUG'ING, 71. The art of measuring the contents or capaci- 
ties of vessels of any form. Ed. Encyc. 

GaUG'ING-ROD, n. An instrument to be used in measur- 
ing the contents of casks or vessels. 

GAUIj, n. [L. Oallia.] A name of ancient France ; also, 
an inhabitant of Gaul. 

GAUL'ISH, a. Pertaining to ancient France or Gaul. 
GAUM, V. t. [Icel. gaum.] To understand. JM'ortk of Eng- 
land. 

GAUM'LESS, a. Stupid ; awkward ; lubberly ; senseless. 
JV'orth of England. 

GAUNT, ) (gant) a. Vacant; hollow; empty, as an animal 
GANT, ) after long fasting ; hence, lean ; meager ; thin ; 
slender. 

GAUNT'LY, (gant'ly) adv. Leanly ; meagerly. 
GAUNT'LET. See Gantlet. 

GAUVE, v.t. To stare. Craven dialect. 
t GAU'Vl-SON, n. A weak, foolish fellow ; a silly, staring 
fellow. 

GAUZE, n. [Sp. g-asa Fr. gaze.] A very thin, slight, 
transparent stuff, of silk or linen. 

GAUZE'LOOM, n. A loom in which gauze is wove. 
GAUZ'Y, a. Like gauze ; thin as gauze. 

GAVE, pret. of give. 

GAV'EL, n. In Za/e, tribute ; toll; custom. See Gabel. 
GAV'EL, n. [Ft. javelle.] 1. A small parcel of wheat, rye 
or other grain, laid together by reapers, consisting of two, 
three or more handfuls. J\Tew England. — 2. In England, 
a provincial word for ground. 

GAV'EL, for gable or gahle-cnd. See Gable. 

GAV'EL-ET, 71. 1. An ancient and special cessavit in Kent, 
in England, by which the tenant, if he withdraws his rent 
and services due to his lord, forfeits his lands and tene- 
ments. — 2. In London, a writ used in the hustings, given 
to lords of rents in the city. 

GAV'EL-KlND, n. \W . gavael-cenedyl.] A tenure in 
land, by which land descended from the father to all his 
sons in equal portions. It still exists in Kent. Black- 
stone. Cyc. 

GAV'EL-0€K, n. [Sax.] An iron crow. 

GAV'I-LAN, 77. A species of hawk. 

GAVT)T, n. [Fr. gavotte.] A kind of dance. 
tGAW'BY, 77. A dunce. 

GaVVK, 77. [Sax. gcec, geac.] 1. A cuckoo. 2. A fool ; a 
simpleton. 

GAWK'Y, a. Foolish; awkward; clumsy; clownish. 
GAWK'Y, 77. A stupid, ignorant, awkward fellow. 

GAVVN, 77. [corrupted for ^aZZo/7.] A small tub or lading 
vessel. 

GAWN'TREE, n. [Scot.] A wooden frame on which beer 
casks are set when tunned. 

GAY, a. [Fr. ^ai.] 1. Merry ; airy ; jovial ; sportive ; frol- 
icksome. 2. Fine ; showy. 3. Inflamed or merry with 
liquor ; intoxicated ; a vulgar use of the word in America. 
fGAY, n. An ornament. Estrange. 

GAY'E-TY, 77. {Yr. gaietc.] 1. Merriment; mfith; airiness. 

2. Act of juvenile pleasure. 3. Finery ; show. 

GaY'LY, adv. 1. Merrily; with mirth and frolick. 2. 

Finely ; splendidly ; pompously. 

GaY'NESS, 77 . Gayety ; finery. 

GaY'SGME, a. Full of gayety. [Little used.] 

GAZE, V. i. [qu. Gr. aya^opai.] To fix the eyes, and look 
steadily and earnestly ; to look with eagerness or curi- 
osity. 

GAZE, V. t. To view with fixed attention. Milton. 

GAZE, 77. 1. A fixed look ; a look of eagerness, wonder or 
admiration ; a continued look of attention. 2. The object 
gazed on ; that which causes one to gaze. 


GAZE'FIJL, a. Looking with a gaze ; looking intently. 
GaZE'HOUND, 77. A hound that pursues by the sight 
ratlier than by the scent. Johnson. 

GA-ZEL', 77. [Fr. gazelle.] An animal of Africa and In- 
dia, of the genus antilope. 

tGAZE'MENT, 77. View. Spenser. 

GAZ'ER, 77. One who gazes. Pope. 

GxV-ZEl ', T7. [il. gazetta.] A Venetian half-penny. Mas- 
singer. 

GA-ZETTE', (ga-zet') 77. [It. gazzetta ; Yr. gazette. Ga- 
zetta is said to have been a Venetian coin, which was tJie 
price of the first newspaper, and hence the name.] A 
newspaper. 

GA-ZETTE', (ga-zetO v. t. To insert in a gazette ; to an- 
nounce or publish in a gazette. 

GA-ZETT'ED, pp. Published in a gazette. 
GAZ-ET-TEER', n. 1. A writer of news, or an officer ap- 
pointed to publish new’s by authority. Pope. 2. The title 
of a newspaper. 3. A book containing a brief description 
of empires, kingdoms, cities, towns and rivers, in a coun- 
try or in the whole world, alphabetically arranged ; a 
book of topographical descriptions. 

GaZ'ING, ppr. Looking with fixed attention. 
GaZTNG-STOGK, 77. A person gazed at with scorn or ab- 
horrence ; an object of curiosity or contempt. 

GA-ZON', 77. [Fr.] In fortif cation, pieces of turf used to 
line parapets and the traverses of galleries. 

GE, [Sax.] A particle often prefixed to Saxon verbs, parti- 
ciples. &c. 

[GrAL, v.i. [Yr. geler f Ij. gelo.] To congeal. 

Gear, n. [Sax. gearwian, gyrian.] 1. Apparatus ; what- 
ever is prepared ; hence, habit , dress ; ornaments. — 2 
More generally, the harness or furniture of beasts ; tackle. 
— 3. In Scotland, warlike accoutrements ; also, goods, 
riches. 4. Business ; matters ; [oZ;a-.] 5. By seamen pro- 

nounced jears, which see. 

GExVR, V. t. To dress ; to put on gear ; to harness 
Geared, pp. Dressed ; harnessed. 

GeAR'ING, ppr. Dressing; harnessing, 
t GE-A'SON, a. Rare ; uncommon ; wonderful. 

GeAT, 77 . [D. ^77t.] The hole through which metal runs 
into a mold in castings. Moxon. 
f GE€K, 77. [G.^ecA:,- S\v. gdek.] A dupe. Shak. 
t GE€K, V. t. To cheat, trick or gull. 
gee, V. i. To fit ; to suit. Craven dialect. 

GEE. 1 A wmrd used by teamsters, directing their teams to 
JEE. i pass further to the right, or from the driver, when 
on the near side ; opposed to hoi or haw. 

GEESE, 77. ,* plu. of goose. 

GEES 3 ’, 77. Alluvial matter on the surface of land, not of 
recent origin. Jameson. 

GE-HEN'NA, n. [Gr. yeevva.] This word has been used 
by the .Tew's as equivalent to hell. 

GEH'LEN-ITE, n. [from Gehlcn.] A mineral. 
*GEL'A-BLE, 77. [L. gelu.] That may or can be congealed j 
capable of being converted into jelly. 

GEL'A-TIN, 77. [It., Sp. g-eZaZ777a.] A concrete animal sub- 
stance, transparent, and soluble in W’ater. 

GEL'A-TIN, or GE-LAT<I-N0TJS, a. Of the nature and 
consistence of gelatin ; resembling jelly ; viscous ; moder- 
ately stiff and cohesive. 

GE-LA7’T-NATE, V. i. To be converted into gelatin, or 
into a substance like jelly. 

GE-LATT-NATE, V. t. To convert into gelatin, or into a 
substance resembling jelly. 

GE-LAT-I-Na'TION, 77. The act or process of converting 
or being turned into gelatin. 

GEL'A-TI-NTZE, V. i. The same as gclatinate. 

GELD, 77. [Sax. gild^ Dan. gield.] Money ; tribute; com- 
pensation. This word is obsolete in English, but it occurs 
in old laws and law books in composition ; as in Dane- 
geld, or Dancgclt, a tax imposed by the Danes. 

GELD, V. t. pret. gelded, or gelt ; pp. gelded, or gelt. [G. 
geilen, gelten.] 1. To castrate; to emasculate. 2. To 
deprive of any essential part. 3. To deprive of any thing 
immodest or exceptionable. 

GELD'ED, or GELT, pp. Castrated ; emasculated. 
GELD'ER, 77. One who castrates. 

GELD'ER-ROSE, 77. A plant. 

GELD'ING, ppr. Castrating. 

GELD'ING, 77. A castrated animal, but chiefly ahorse. 
GEL'ID, a. [L. gelidus.] Cold ; very cold. 

GE-LIDT-TY, 77. Extreme cold. 

GEL'ID-NESS, 77. Coldness. 

GEL'LY, 77. [Yr. gelce.] 1. The inspissated juice of fruit 
boiled with sugar. 2. A viscous or glutinous substance. 
See Jelly. • 

GELT, pp. of geld. 
f GELT, 77. for gelding. 

t GELT, 77. for gilt. Tinsel, or gilt surface. Spenser. 

GEM, 77. [L. gemma ; It. id.] 1. A bud. In botany, tho 
bud or compendium of a plant, covered with scales. 2. 
A precious stone. 


^ See Stjnapsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; $ as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 


GEN 


872 


GEN 


6 EM, V. 1. To adorn with gems. 2. To bespangle. 3. 
To embellish with detached beauties. 

CfEM, V. i. To bud j to germinate. Milton. 

GE-MAR'A, n. The second part of the Talmud. 

GE-MAll'l€, a. Pertaining to the Gemara. Encyc. 

GEM'EL, n. [L. gemellus.] A pair j a term in heraldry. 

Ge'MEL-RIJNG, n. [now written gimmal and gimbal-ring.] 
Rings with two or more links. 

GEM-EL-LIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. gemellus and par io.] Pro- 
ducing twins. Diet. 

GEM'I-NATE, V. t. [L. gemino.] To double. [Little used.] 

GEM-I-Na'TION, n. A doubling 5 duplication j repetition. 
Boyle. 

6EM'I-NI, n. plu. [L.] Twins. In astronomy ^ a constel- 
lation or sign of the zodiac, representing Castor and 
Pollux. 

CrEM^f-NOUS, a. [L. geminus.] Double ; in pairs. 

GEIM'l-NY, n. Twins; a pair ; a couple. Shak. 

GEM'MA-RY, a. Pertaining to gems or jewels. 

GEM-Ma'TION, n. [L. gemmatio.] In botany^ budding. 

GEM'ME-OUS, a. [E. gemmeus.] Pertaining to gems; of 
the nature of gems ; resembling gems. 

GEM-MIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. gemma and pario.] Producing 
buds or gems. Martyn. 

f GEM-MOS'I-TY, M. The quality of being a jewel. Diet. 

GEM'MULE, n. A little gem or bud. Eaton. 

GEM'MY, fl. 1 . Bright ; glittering ; full of gems. 2. Neat; 
spruc^; smart. 

t GE-MoTE', n. [Sax.] A meeting. See Meet. 

GEMS'BOK, TO. The name given to a variety of the ante- 
lope. J, Barroic. 

6 EN-DaRM', to. In France^ gens d^arines is the denomina- 
tion given to a select body of troops, destined to watch 
over the interior public safety. 

GEN-DA R'MER-Y, to. The body of gendarms. Hume. 

GEN'DER, r& [Fr. genre ; It. genere ; L. genus.] 1. Prop- 
crhjj kind ; sort ; [ois.] 2. A sex, male or female. — 3. In 
grammar^ a difference in words to express distinction of 
sex ; usually a difference of termination in nouns, adjec- 
tives and participles, to express the distinction of male 
and female. 

GEN'PER, v.t. To beget. See Engender. 

GEN'DER, V. i. To copulate ; to breed. Lev. xix. 

GEN-E-A-L0G'I-€AL, a. 1. Pertaining to the descent of 
persons or families. 2. According to tJie descent of a per- 
son or family from an ancestor 

GEN-E-AL'O-GIST, to. lie who traces descents of persons 
or families. 

GEN-E-iVL^O-GiZE, v. i. To relate the history of descents. 
Trans, of Pausmiias. 

GEN-E-AL'O-GY, to. [L.^eTOea?oo-ia.] 1. An account or 
liistory of the descent of a person or family from an an- 
cestor. 2. Pedigree; lineage; regular descent of a person 
or family from a progenitor. 

GEN'ER-A-BLE, a. That may be engendered, begotten or 
produced. Bentley. 

GEN'ER-AL, a. [Fr., E. gencralis.] 1. Relating to a whole 
class or order. 2. Comprehending many species or indi- 
viduals ; not special or particular. 3. Lax in significa- 
tion ; not restrained or limited to a particular import ; not 
specific. 4. Public ; common ; relating to or compre- 
hending the whole community. 5. Common to many or 
the greatest number. 6. Not directed to a single object. 
7. Having a relation to all ; common to the whole. 8. 
Extensive, though not universal ; common ; usual. 

GEN'ER-AL, 71. 1. The whole; the total ; that which com- 
prehends all, or the chief part. — 2. In general, in the 
main; for the most part; not always or universally. 3. 
The chief commander of an army. 4. The commander 
of a division of an army or militia, usually called a major- 
general. 5. The commander of a brigade, called a briga- 
dier-general. 6. A particular beat of drum or march, 
being that which, in the morning, gives notice for the in- 
fantry to be in readiness to march. 7. The chief of an 
order of monks, or of all the houses or congregations 
established under the same rule. 8. The public; the inter- 
est of the whole ; the vulgar ; [not in 7i5c.] 

GEN-ER-AL-IS'SI-MO, n. [It.] 1. The chief commander 
of an army or military force. 2. The supreme comman- 
der ; sometimes a title of honor. 

GEN-ER- AL'I-TY, TO. [Fr. generalite.] 1. The state of 
being general ; the quality of including species or par- 
ticulars. 2. The main body ; the bulk ; the greatest 
part. 

GEN-ER-AL-I-Za'TION, n. The act of extending from 
particulars to generals ; the act of making general. 

GEN'ER-AL-iZI^ V. t. 1. To extend from particulars or 
species to genera ; to make general, or common to a num- 
ber. 2. To reduce to a genus. 

GEN'ER-AL-LY, adv. 1. In general; commonly; exten- 
sively, though not universally ; most frequently. 2. In 
the main ; without detail ; in the whole taken together. 

GEN'ER- AL-NESS, 71 . Wide extent, though short of uni- 
versality ; frequency ; commonness. Sidney. 


GEN'ER-AL-SHIP, 71. The skill and conduct of a general 
officer ; military skill in a commander. 

GEN'ER-AL-TY, n. The whole ; the totality. [Little Tised.] 
Hale. 

GEN'ER-ANT, TO. [L. generans.] The power that gener- 
ates ; the power or principle that produces. 

GEN'ER-ATE, TO. t. [E. genero,] J. To beget ; to procre- 
ate ; to propagate ; to produce a being similar to the pa- 
rent. 2. To produce ; to cause to be ; to bring into life. 
3. To cause ; to produce ; to form. 

GEN'ER-A-TED, pp. Begotten ; engendered ; procreated ; 
produced ; formed. 

GEN'ER-A-TING, ppr. Begetting; procreating; produc- 
ing; forming. 

GEN-ER-a'TION, to. 1. The act of begetting ; procrea- 
tion, as of animals. 2. Production ; formation. 3. A 
singl succession in natural descent, as the children of 
the same parents ; hence, an age. 4. The people of the 
same period, or living at the same time. 5. Genealogy; 
a series of children or descendants from the same stock. 
6. A family ; a race. 7. Progeny ; offspring. 

GEN'ER-A-TIVE, a. 1. Having the power of generating or 
propagating its own species. 2. Having the power of 
producing. 3. Prolific. 

GEN'ER-A-TOR, to. 1. He or that which begets, causes or 
produces. — 2. In music, the principal sound or sounds by 
which others are produced. 3. A vessel in which steam 
is generated. 

GE-NER'IG, ) a. [It. and Sp. generico Fr. genenque.] 

GE-NERff-€AL, J Pertaining to a genus or kind ; com- 
prehending the genus. 

GE-NEIHI-GAL-LY, adv. With regard to genus. 

GEN-ER-OS'I-TY, to. [Fr. generositc.] 1. The quality of 
being generous ; liberality in principle ; a disposition to 
give liberally or to bestow favors ; a quality of the heart 
or mind opposed to meanness or parsimony. 2. Liberali- 
ty in act ; bounty. 3. Nobleness of soul ; magnanimity. 

GEN'ER-OUS, a. [L. generosus.] 1. Primarily , being of 
honorable birth or origin ; hence, noble ; honorable ; mag- 
nanimous. Jlddison. 2. Liberal ; bountiful ; munificent ; 
free to give. 3. Strong; full of spirit. 4. Full; over- 
flowing ; abundant. 5. Sprightly ; courageous. 

GEN^ER-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Honorably ; not meanly. 2. 
Nobly ; magnanimously. 3. Liberally ; munificently. 

GEN'ER-OUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being generous ; 
magnanimity ; nobleness of mind. 2. Liberality ; mu- 
nificence ; generosity. 

GEN'E-SIS, to. [Gr. yevcaig.] 1. The first book of the Sa- 
cred Scriptures of the Old Testament. — 2. In geometry, 
the formation of a line, plane or solid, by the motion or 
flux of a point, line or surface. 

GEN'ET, to. [Fr*l 1. A small-sized, well-proportioned 
Spanish horse. 2. An animal of the weasel kind. 

GEN-ETH-LI'A-€AL, or GE-NETH'LI-A€, a. [Gr. yeved- 
'XiaKog.] Pertaining to nativities as calculated by astrolo- 
gers ; snowing the positions of the stars at the birth of any 
person. [Little 7ised.] 

GE-NETH'LI-AGS, 77. The science of calculating nativities, 
or predicting the future events of life, from the stars which 
preside at the birth of persons. [Little used.] 

GE-NETH-LI-AT'IC, to. He who calculates nativities. 
[Little used.] Dmimmond. 

GE-NeWA, 77 . [Fr. genevre, or genievre.] A spirit dis- 
tilled from grain or malt, with the addition of juniper ber- 
ries. The word is usually contracted and pronounced 

^ 777 . _ 

GE-Ne'VA BLBLE, 77. The whole English Bible printed at 
Geneva, first in 1560. 

GE-Ne'VAN-I?M, 77 . [Geneva.] Calvinism. 

GEN-E-VOIS', (jen-e-va') n. plu. People of Geneva. 

Ge'NI-AL, a. [L. genialis.] 1. Contributing to propaga- 
tion or production ; that causes to produce. 2. Gay ; mer- 
ry. 3. Enlivening ; contributing to life and cheerful- 
ness ; supporting life. 4. Native ; natural ; [not visual.] 

Ge'NI-AL-LY, adv. 1. By genius or nature; naturally 3 
[little TOsed.] 2. Gayly ; cheerfully. 

GE-NIC'U^LATE, to. t. [L. geniculo.] To joint or knot. 
Cockeram. 

GE-NIC'U-LA-TED, a. [L. geniculatus.] Kneed ; knee- 
jointed ; haying joints like the knee a little bent. 

GE-NIC-U-La'TION, to. Knottiness ; the state of having 
knots or joints like a knee. Johiison. 

I Ge'NIE, 77 . [Old Fr. genie.] Disposition ; inclination ; 
yurn of mind. 

Ge'NI-i, to. [L. plu.] A sort of imaginary intermediate 
beings between men and angels ; some good and some 
bad. 

Ge'NI-0, to. [It., L. geniTis.] A man of a particular turn 
of mind. Tattler. 

GEN'I-TAL, a. [L. genitalis.] Pertaining to generation 
or the act of begetting. 

GENd-TALS, 77 . plu. The parts of an animal which are 
the immediate instruments of generation. 


* See Synopsis A, E, I, o, U, Y, long.— FAB., FALL, WHAT -—PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— | Obsolete. 


GEN 373 


GEN'I-TING, n. [Fr. janeton.] A species of apple that 
ripens very early. 

GEN'I-TIVE, a. [L. gcnitimis,'] In grammar^ an epithet 
given to a case in the declension of nouns, expressing pri- 
marily the tiling from which something else proceeds. 

GEN'I-TOR, n. One who procreates; a sire ; a father. 

GEN'I-TURE, n. Generation; procreation; birth. 

Ge'NI-US, ?i. [L.] 1. Among the ancients^ a good or evil 

spirit or demon supposed to preside over a man’s destiny 
in life. 2. The peculiar structure of mind which is 
given by nature to an individual, or that disposition or 
bent of mind which is peculiar to every man, and which 
qualities him for a particular employment ; a particular 
natural talent or aptitude of mind for a particular study or 
course of life. 3. Strength of mind ; uncommon powers 
of intellect; particularly ^ the power of invention. 4. A 
man endowed with uncommon vigor of mind ; a man of 
superior intellectual faculties. 5. Mental powers or fac- 
ulties. _ 0. Nature; disposition; peculiar character. 

GEN-O-kSE', n. pi. The people of Genoa in Italy. Addison. 

I GENT, a. Elegant ; pretty ; gentle. Spenser. 

GEN-TEEL', a. [Fr. gentil.] 1. Polite ; well-bred ; easy 
and graceful in manners or behavior ; having the manners 
of well-bred people. 2. Polite ; easy and graceful ; be- 
coming well-bred persons. 3. Graceful in mien or form ; 
elegant. 4. Elegantly dressed. 5. Decorous; refined; 
free from any thing low or vulgar. 

GEN-TEEL'LY, adv. Politely ; gracefully ; elegantly ; in 
the manner of well-bred people. 

GEN-TEEL'NESS, n. 1. Gracefulness of manners or per- 
son ; elegance ; politeness. 2. dualities befitting a per- 
son of rank. 

GEN'TIAN, 71. [L. gentiana.] A genus of plants. 

GEN-TIAN-EL'LA, 11 . A kind of blue color. 

GEN'TIL, n. A species of falcon or hawk. 

GEN'TILE, n. [L. gentilis.l In the Scriptures, a pagan ; 
a worshiper of false gods ; any person not a Jew or a 
Christian ; a heathen. 

GEN'TILE, a. Pertaining to pagans or heathens. 

t GEN-TI-LESSE', n. Complaisance. Hudibras. 

GEN'TIL-ISIl, a. Ileathenisli ; pagan. Milton. 

GEN'TIL-ISM, 7t. Heathenism; paganism. 

GEN-TIL-l"TIOUS, a. [L. gentilitius.'] 1. Peculiar to a 
people or nation ; national. 2. Hereditary ; entailed on a 
family. Arbuthnot. 

GEN-TfL'I-TY, n. [Fr. gentilitd.] 1. Politeness of man- 
ners ; easy, graceful behavior ; the manners of well-bred 
people ; genteelness. 2. Good extraction ; dignity of 
birth. 3. Gracefulness of mien. 4. Gentry ; [obs.] 5. 
Paganism ; heathenism ; [065.] Hooker. 

GEN'TIL-lZE, V. i. To live like a heathen. Milton. 

GEN'TLE, a. 1. Well-born ; of a good family or respecta- 
ble birth, though not noble ; [ois.] Milton. 2. Mild ; 
meek ; soft ; bland ; not rough, harsh or severe. 3. Tame ; 
peaceable ; not wild, turbulent or refractory. 4. Sooth- 
ing ; pacific. 5. Treating with mildness ; not violent. 

GEN'TLE, 71. 1. A gentleman ; [oZ>5.] 2. A kind of 

worm. 

I GEN'TLE, V. t. To make genteel ; to raise from the vul- 
gar. 

GEN'TLE-FoLK, n. Persons of good breeding and family. 
It is now used only in tlie plural, gentlefolks, and this use 
is vulgar. 

GEN'TLE-MAN, n. [o-cafZe.] 1. In its most extensive 
sense, in -Great Britain, every man above the rank of 
yeoman, comprehending noblemen. In a more limited 
sense, a man, who, without a title, bears a coat of arms, 
or whose ancestors have been freemen. — 2. In the United 
States, where titles and distinctions of rank do not exist, 
tlie terra is applied to men of education and of good breed- 
ing, of every occupation. Indeed this is also the popular 
practice in Great Britain. 3. A man of good breeding, 
politeness and civil manners, as distinguished from the 
vulgar and clownish. 4. A term of complaisance. — 5. In 
Great Britain, the servant of a man of rank, who attends 
his person. 

GEN'TLE-MAN-LIKE, or GEN'TLE-IMAN-LY, a. 1. Per- 
taining to or becoming a gentleman, or a man of good 
family and breeding ; polite ; complaisant. 3. Like a 
man of birth and good breeding. 

6EN'TLE-MAN-LI-NESS, n. Behavior of a well-bred 
man. Sherwood. 

GEN'TLE-MAN-SHIP, 71. duality of a gentleman. Lord 
Halifax. 

GEN'TLE-NESS, ?i. 1. Dignity of birth ; [ZittZe t/serZ.] 2. 
Genteel behavior ; [065.] 3. Softness of manners ; mild- 

ness of temper ; sweetness of disposition ; meekness. 4. 
Kindness ; benevolence ; [oZ»s.] 5. Tenderness ; mild 

treatment. 

t GEN'TLE-SHIP, n. The deportment of a gentleman. 

GEN'TLE-WOM-AN, 7J. 1. A woman of good family or of 
good breeding ; a woman above the vulgar. 2. A woman 
who waits about the person of one of high rank. 3. A 
term of civility to a female, sometimes ironical. 


GEO 

t GEN'TLE- WOM- AN-LIKE, a. Becoming a gentlewom- 
an. Sherwood. 

GEN'TLY, ady. L Softly ; meekly ; mildly; with tender- 
ness. 2. Without violence, roughness or asperity. 

GEN-TOO', 71. A native of India or Hindostan ; one who 
follows the religion of the Bramins. 

GEN'TRY, 71. 1. Birth; condition; rank by birth. 2. 
People of education and good breeding. In Giwat Brit- 
ain, the classes of people between the nobility atid the 
vulgar. 3. A term of civility ; civility ; complaisance : 

[0Z»5.] 

GE-NU-FLE€'TI0N, 7 ?. \L. genutmdflectio.'] The act of 
bending the knee, particularly in worship. 

GEN'U-iNE, a. [L. genuinus.'] Native ; belonging to the 
original stock; hence, real; natural; true; pure; not 
spurious, false or adulterated. 

GEN'U-INE-LY, adv. W^itliout adulteration or foreign ad- 
mixture ; naturally. Boyle. 

GEN'U-INE-NESS, n. The state of being native, or of the 
true original ; hence, freedom from adulteration or foreign 
admixture ; freedom from any thing false or counterfeit ; 
purity ; reality. 

Ge'NUS, 71 .,- plu. Genuses, or Genera. [L. gemis.] 1. In 
logic, tliat which has several species under it; a class of 
a greater extent than species. — 2. In natural history, an 
assemblage of species possessing certain characters in 
common, by which they are distinguished from all others. 
— 3. In botany, a genus is a subdivision containing plants 
of the same class and order, which agree in their parts of 
fructification. 

GE-0-CEN'TRI€, a. [Gr. yy and ksvtqov.'] Having the 
earth for its centre, or the same centre with the earth. 

Ge'ODE, n. [Gr. yaKnhyq.'] Jn mineralogy, around or round- 
ish lump of agate or other mineral. 

GE-OD'E-SY, n. [Gr. ycioSaLata.] That part of geometry 
which respects the doctrine of measuring surfaces, and 
finding the contents of all plain figures. 

GE-O-DET I€, I a. Pertaining to the art of measuring 

GE-0-DET'I-€AL, ) surfaces. 

GE-O-DIF'ER-OUS, a. Producing geodes. 

Ge'OG-NOST, 71. One vefsed in geognosy; a geologist. 

GE-0G-N0S'TI€, a. Pertaining to a knowledge of the 
structure of the earth ; geological. 

GE-OG'NO-SY, n. [Gr. yy, the earth, and yvwcrig, knowl- 
edge.] That part of natural history w'hich treats of the 
structure of the earth. [This word is nearly synonymous 
with geology. But some writers consider geognosy as 
only a branch of geology ; including in the latter, hydrog- 
raphy, geogony, meteorology, and even geography.] 

GE-0-G0iN^'l€, a. Pertaining to geogony. 

GE-OG'O-NY, 72. [Gr. yy and yovy.1 The doctrine of the 
formation of the earth. 

GE-OG'RA-PHER, 72. One who describes that part of this 
globe or earth, which is exhibited upon the surface. One 
who is versed in geography, or one who compiles a trea- 
tise on the subject. 

GE-O-GRAPH'ie, ) a. Relating to or containing a de- 

GE-O-GRAPHI-OAL, \ scriptionofthe terraqueous globe; 
pertaining to geography. 

GE-0-GRAPH'1-€AL-LY, adv. In a geographical manner. 

GE-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. yy and ypa(po).] 1. A descrip* 
tion of the earth or terrestrial globe, particularly of the 
divisions of its surface, natural and artificial, and of the 
position of the several countries, kingdoms, states, cities, 
&c. 2. A book containing a description of the earth. 

GE-0-L0G'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to geology ; relating to 
the science of the earth or terraqueous globe. 

GE-OL'O-GIST, 72. One versed in the science of geology. 

GE-OL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. yy and 'Xoyog.] The doctrine or sci- 
ence of the stnicture of the earth or terraqueous globe, and 
of the substances which compose it. See Geognosy. 

Ge'O-MAN-CER, 72. One who foretells or divines, by 
means of lines, figures or points on the ground or on pa- 
per. 

Ge'O-MAN-CY, 72. [Gr. yy and pavreia.] A kind of divi- 
nation by means ot figures or lines. 

GE-0-MAN'TI€, a. Pertaining to geomancy. 

GE-OM'E-TER, 72 . [Gr. yeioperpyg.] One skilled in geom- 
etry. See Geometrician. 

GE-OM'E-TRAL, a. Pertaining to geometry. 

GE-0-MET'RI€, ) a. [Gr.yewpcTpiKog.] 1. Pertaining 

GE-0-MET'RI-€AL, i to geometry. 2. According to 
the rules or principles of geometry ; done by geometry. 
3. Disposed according to geometry. 

GE-0-MET'RI-€AL-LY, adv. A^ccording to the rules or 
laws of geometry. 

GE-OM-E-TRi"CIAN, n. One skilled in geometry ; a ge- 
ometer* 

GE-OM'E-TRIZE, V. t. To act according to the laws of ge- 
ometry ; to perform geometrically. 

GE-OM'E-TRY, 72. [Gr. yeioperpia.] The science of magni 
tude in general, comprehending the doctrine and relations 


♦ See Synovsis MOVE, BQOK, DOVE Bi;jLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


GET 


374 


GIA 


of whatever is susceptible of augmentation and dimi- 
nution j as the mensuration of lines, surfaces, solids, ve- 
locity, weight, &c., with their various relations. 
GE-0-P0N'I€, a. [Gr. yrj and ttoj/oj.] Pertaining to tillage 
of the earth, or agriculture. 

GE-O-PON'ICS, 71 . The art of cultivating the earth. 
Ge'O-RA-jM A, 71 . [Gr. yrj and opafia.] An instrument which 
exhibits a very complete view of the earth. 

GEORGE, n. 1. A figure of St. George on horseback j worn 
by knights of the garter. 2. A brown loaf. 
GEORGE'-No-BLE, 71 . A gold coin in the time of Henry 
VIII., of the value of 6s. bd. sterling. 

GEOR'GIG, 71 . [Gr. yeojpytKog.] A rural poem ; a poetical 
composition on the subject of husbandry, containing rules 
for cultivating lands, in a poetical dress. 

GEORGIC, a. Relating to the doctrine of agriculture and 
rural affairs. 

GE0R'GI-€AL, a. Relating to the doctrine of agriculture. 
Gay. 

GEOR'GI-UM SFDUS. See Herschel. 

GE-0S'€0-PY, 7t. [Gr. ytj and aKorcia.] Knowledge of the 
earth, obtained by inspection. 

GE-OT'IG, a. [from Gr. yy.] Belonging to the earth ; ter- 
restrial. 

GE-Ra'NI-UM, 71. [L.] Crane’s-bill, a genus of plants, of 
numerous species. 

Ge'RENT, a. [L. gere7is.] Bearing ; used in vicegerent. 
GER'FAL-CON. See Gyrfalcon. 

GERM, 71. [L. germen.] 1. In botany^ the ovary, or seed- 
bud of a plant. 2. Origin j first principle j that from 
which any thing springs. 

GER'MAN, a. [L. ^er77ta?m5.] 1. Cousins o'er/naTi are the 

sons or daughters of brothers or sisters j first cousins. 2. 
Related ; [ofrs.] 

GER'MAN, a. Belonging to Germany. 

GER'MAN, 71 . A native of Germany 5 and, by ellipsis, the 
German language. 

GER-MAN'DER, 77. A plant. 

GER-MANTC, a. Pertaining to German 3 ^ 

GEROIAN-ISM, 77. An idiom of the German language, 
t GER-iMAKH-TY, n. Brotherhood. Cociceram. 

GERM'EV, 77.; p^<7. Germens. Now contracted to ^er?7t. 
GERMT-NAL, a. Pertaining to a germ or seed-bud. 
GERM'I-NANT, a. Sprouting. 

GERM'-I-NATE, 75. 7 . [L. o-<’7'7/7i/7e.j To sprout; to bud; 

to shoot ; to begin to vegetate. 

GERMT-NATE, v. t. To cause to sprout. [Unusual.] 
GERM-I-N action, 77. 1. The act of sprouting ; the first 
beginning of vegetation in a seed or plant. 2. The time 
in which seeds vegetate. 

GE-RO-COMT-CAL, a. Pertaining to gerocomy. 
GE-ROC'O-MY, n. [Gr. yepoiv and Kopeu).] That part of 
medicine which treats or the proper regimen for old peo- 
ple. 

GERSE, 77. [Teut. gers, gars, gras.] Grass. Craven dia- 
lect. 

GER'UND, 77. [L. gerundiiim.] In the Latin grammar, a 
kind of verbal noun, partaking of the nature of a partici- 
ple. 

t GES'LING, for gosling. 

GEST, 77. [L. geshtm.] 1 . A deed ; action or achievement ; 
[oZ»s.] 2. Show ; representation ; [oZ^s.] 3. [Fr. gtte.] 

A stage in traveling ; so much of a journey as is made 
without resting : or, properly, a rest ; a stop ; [ 0 & 5 .] 4. A 
roll or journal of the several days and stages prefixed, in 
the journeys of the English kings. 

GES-Ta'TION, 77. [L. gestatio.] 1. The act of carrjfing 
young in the womb from conception to delivery ; preg- 
nancy. 2. The act of wearing, as clothes or ornaments. 

3. The act of carrying sick persons in carriages, as a salu- 
tary exercise, by which fevers have often been cured. 
GES'TA-TO-RY, a. That may be carried or worn. 

GEST'IG, a. Pertaining to deeds ; legendary. 
GES-TI€'U-LATE, V. i. [L. gesticulor.] To make gestures 
or motions, as in speaking; to use postures. 
GES-T1€'U-LATE, v. t. To imitate ; to act. B. Jonson. 
GES-TI€-U-La^TION, n. [L. gesticidatio.] 1. The act of 
making gestures to express passion, or enforce sentiments. 

2. Gesture ; a motion of the body or limbs in speaking. 

3. Antic tricks or motions. 

GES-TIC'U-LA-TOR, 77. One that shows postures or makes 
gestures. 

GE3-TI€'U-LA-T0-RY, a. Representing in gestures, 
t GES'TOR, 77. A narrator. Chaucer. 

GEST^URE, 77. [L. gestus.] 1. A motion of the body or 
limbs, expressive of sentiment or passion ; anj^ action or 
posture intended to express an idea or a passion, or to en- 
force an argument or opinion. 2. Movement of the body 
or limbs, 

GEST'URE, V. t. To accompany with gesture or action. 
GET, V. t. ; pret. got, [gat, obs.] pp. got, gotten. [Sax. 
getan, gytan, or geatan.] 1. To procure; to obtain; to 
gain possession or. Get differs from acquire, as it does 


not always express permanence of possession, which laf 
the appropriate sense of acquire. 2. To have ; as, “ thou 
hast got the face of a man.” Herbert. [ This is a common, 
1 but gross abuse of this word.] 3. To beget ; to procreate ; 
to generate. 4. To learn. 5. To prevail on ; to induce ; 
to persuade. 6. To procure to be ; as, we could not get the 
work done. 

To get off. 1. To put off?* ; to take or pull off; also, to re- 
move. 2. To sell ; to dispose of. — To get on,lo put on ; 
to draw or pull on. — To get in, to collect and shelter; to 
bring undercover. — To get out. 1. To draw forth. 2. 
To draw out ; to disengage. — To get the day, to win ; to 
conquer; to gain the victory. — To get together, to collect; 
to amass. — To get over, to surmount ; to conquer ; to pass 
without being obstructed. — To get above, to surmount; to 
surpass. — To get up, to prepare and introduce upon tlie 
stage; to bring forward. With a pronoun following, it 
signifies to betake ; to remove ; to go. 

GET, v.i. To arrive at any place or state; followed by 
some modifying word. 

To get away or away from, to depart ; to quit ; to leave ; or to 
disengage one’s self from. — To get among, to arrive in the 
midst of; to become one of a number. — To get before, to 
arrive in front, or more forward. — To get behind, to fall in 
the rear ; to lag. — To get back, to arrive at the place from 
which one departed ; toretunr. — To get clear, to disen- 
gage one’s self ; to be released, as from confinement, ob- 
ligation or burden ; also, to be freed from danger or em- 
barrassment. — To get down, to descend ; to come from an 
elevation. — To get home, to arrive at one’s dwelling. — Ta 
get in or into, to arrive within an inclosure, or a mixed 
body ; to pass in ; to insinuate one’s self. — To get loose or 
free, to disengage one’s self ; to be released from confine- 
ment. — To get off, to escape ; to depart ; to get clear ; al- 
so, to alight ; to descend from. — 7'o get out, to depart from 
an inclosed place or from confinement ; to escape ; to 
free one’s self from embarrassment. — To get along, to 
proceed; to advance. — 'To get rid of, to disengage one’s 
self from ; also, to shift off ; to remove. — To get together, 
to meet ; to assemble ; to convene. — 7'o get up, to arise; 
to rise from a bed or a seat ; also, to ascend ; to climb. — 
To get ^nrough, to pass through and reach a point beyond 
any thing; also, to finish; to accomplish. — To get quit of, 
to get rid of; to shirt off', or to disengage one’s self from. 
— To get forward, to proceed ; to advance ; also, to pros- 
per ; to advance in wealth.— To get near, to approach 
withm a small distance. — To get ahead, to advance; to 
prosper. — To get on, to proceed ; to advance. — 'To get a 
mile, or other distance, io pass over it in traveling. — To 
get at, to reach ; to make way to. — To get asleep, to fall 
asleep. — To get drunk, to become intoxicated. — To g^t 
between, to arrive between. — To get to, to reach; to ar- 
rive. 

GETTER, 77 . 1. One wlio gets, gains, obtains or acquires. 

2. One who begets or procreates. 

GET'TING, ppr. Obtaining; procuring ; gaining ; winning ; 
begetting. 

GET'TING, 77 . 1. The act of obtaining, gaining or acquir- 
ing ; acquisition. 2. Gain ; profit. Sxcift. 

GEW'G AW, 77. [qu. Sax. ge-gaf.] A showy trifle ; a pret- 
ty thing of little worth ; a toy ; a bauble ; a splendid play- 
thing. 

GEW'G AW, a. Show^y without value. Law. 

I GHAST'FUL, a. [See Ghastly.] Dreary; dismal; fit for 
walking ghosts. Spenser. 

GHXST'FUL-LY, adv. Frightfully. Pope. 

GHAST^LI-NESS, n. Horror of countenance ; a deathlike 
look ; resemblance of a ghost ; paleness. 

GHAST'LY, a. [Sax. gastlic.] 1. Like a ghost in appear- 
ance ; deathlike; pale; dismal. 2. Horrible; shocking; 
dreadful. 

fGHAST'NESS, 77 . Ghastliness. Shak. 

GHER'KIN, 77. [G. gurke.] A small pickled cucumber. 
Skinner. 

t GHESS, for guess. 

GHOST, 77 . [Sax. gast ,• G. ^e/sf.l 1. Spirit; the soul of 
man. Shak. 2. The soul of a deceased person ; the soul 
or spirit separate from the body ; an apparition. — To give 
vp the ghost, is to die ; to yield up the breath or spirit ; to 
expire. Scripture . — The Holy Ghost is the third person in 
tlie adorable Trinit 5 ^ ScripUire. 
t GHOST, V. i. To die ; to expire. Sidney. 

I GHOST, V. t. To haunt with an apparition. Shak. 
fGHOST'LESS, a. Without spirit; without life. R. Clarke. 
GHoST'LlKE, <z. Withered; having sunken eyes; ghast- 
Ij'. Sherwood. 

GHOST'LI-NESS, n. Spiritual tendency. [Little used.] 
GHOST'LY, a. 1. Spiritual ; relating to the soul ; not car- 
nal or secular. 2. Spiritual ; having a character from re- 
ligion. 3. Pertaining to apparitions. 

Gl-AL-LO-Ll'NO, n. [It. glallo.] A fine yellow pigment, 
much used under the name of A'aples yellow. 
f GIAM'BEAUX, (jam'boze) 77 . [Fr. jaTTiZic.] Greaves; ar- 
mor for the legs. 


* Set Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, 0, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PR£Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


GIE 


375 


GIL 


Cf'ANT, n. [Fr. geant ; L. gigas.] 1. A man of extraordi- 
nary bulk and stature. 2. A person of extraordinary 
strength or powers, bodily or intellectual. — Giant’ a-causey, 
a vast (k)llection of basaltic pillars in the county of Antrim, 
in Jrelajid. 

6l'ANT, a. Like a giant ; extraordinary in size. 

CP ANT-ESS, n. A female giant ; a female of extraordina- 
ry size and stature. Shak. 

Cl ANT-lZE, V. i. To play the giant. Sherwood. 
CPANI’-KILL-ING, a. Killing or destroying giants. 
CPANT-LIKE, > a. Of unusual size j resembling a giant in 
CPANT-LY, ] bulk or stature 3 gigantic j huge. [Gi- 
antly is not much used.] 

CT'ANT-llY, n. The race of giants. \_Lit tic used.'] 

Cr ANT-SlllP, n. The state, quality or character of a giant. 
fGIB, w. A cat. Skelton. 
f GIB, V. i. To act like a cat. Beaumont. 
f GIBBE, 71. An old, worn-out animal. Shak. 

•j-GlBBED, a. Having been caterwauling. Btilwer. 
f GIB'BER, V. i. [See Gabble.] 'io speak rapidly and in- 
articulately. Shak. 

GIB'BEIl-ISll, 7J. Rapid and inarticulate talk ; unintelligi- 
ble language; unmeaning words. 

GIB'BER-ISH, a. Unmeaning, as words. Swift. 
jGlB BER-ISH, V. i. To prate idly or unintelligibly. Moun- 
tagu. 

CIB BET, 7j. [Fr. g-iZ>et.] 1. A gallows ; a post or machine 
in form of a gallows, on which notorious malefactors are 
hanged in chains, and on which their bodies are suffered 
to remain. 2. Any traverse beam. 

CIB'BEI', V. t. 1. To hang and expose on a gibbet. 2. To 
hang or expose on any thing going traverse. 
ClB'BET-ED, pp. Hanged and exposed on a gibbet. 

CIB BET-ING, ppr. Hanging and exposing on a gibbet, 
f CIB'BIeB, 7?. [Fr.] VV^ildfowl; game. Jiddison. 
GIB'BLE-GAB'BLE, 77. Any rude or noisy conversation; 

fustian language ; barbarous speech. Bullokar. 
GlB-BOSd-TT, 77. [Fr. gibbositc.] Protuberance; a round 
or swelling prominence ; convexity. 

GIB'BOUS, a. [L. gibbus.] 1. dwelling; protuberant; 

convex. 2. Hunclied ; hump-backed ; crook-backed. 
GIB'BOUS-LY, adc. In a gibbous or protuberant form. 
GIB'BOUS-NESS, n. Protuberance; a round prominence; 
convexity. 

GiBBS'fTE, 71. A mineral found at Richmond, in Massa- 
chusetts. 

GIB'GaT, 77. A he-cat, or an old, worn-out cat. 

CIBE, V. i. [Sax. gabban.] To cast reproaches and sneering 
expressions ; to rail at ; to utter taunting, sarcastic words ; 
to tiout ; to fleer ; to scoff. 

CIBE, V. t. To reproach with contemptuous words ; to de- 
ride ; to scolf at ; to treat ^vith sarcastic reflections ; to 
taunt. 

CIBE, 77. An expression of censure mingled with contempt ; 

a scoff; a railing ; sarcastic scorn. 

GIB'E-LINE, 77. The Gibelincs were a faction in Italy, that 
opposed another faction called GucJfs, in tlie 13th centu- 
ry. J. Adams. 

CiB'ER, 77. One who utters reproachful, censorious and 
contemptuous expressions, or who casts cutting, sarcastic 
reflections ; one who derides ; a scoffer. 

CIBTNG, ppr. Uttering reproachful, contemptuous and cen- 
sorious words; scofling. 

CIBTNG-LY, adc. With censorious, sarcastic and con- 
temptuous expressions ; scornfully. Shak. 

GIB'LE'J’S, 77. [qu. Fr. gibicr i Goth, gibla.] The entrails 
of a goose or other fowl. 

GIB'STAFF, 77. A staff to gauge water or to push a boat; 

fm-merly., a staff used in fighting beasts on the stage. 
GID'DI-LY, ndr. 1. With the head seeming to turn or reel. 
2. Inconstantly ; unsteadily ; witli various turnings. 3. 
Carelessly; heedlessly; negligently. 

GID'DI-NESS, 77. 1. The state of being giddy or vertigi- 

nous ; vertigo; a sensation of reeling or whirling; a 
swimming of the head. 2. Inconstancy; unsteadiness; 
mutability. 3. Frolick ; w'antonness ; levity. 

GID'DY, a. [Sax. gidig.] 1. Vertiginous ; reeling ; whirl- 
ing ; having in the head a sensation of a circular motion 
or sv/imming. 2. That renders giddy; that induces gid- 
diness. 3. Rotary; whirling; running round wflth ce- 
lerity. 4. Inconstant ; unstable ; changeable. 5. Heed- 
less ; thoughtless ; wild ; roving. G. Tottering ; unfixed. 
7. Intoxicated ; elated to thoughtlessness ; rendered wild 
by excitement or joy. 

GID'DY, 7). 7. To turn quick. Chapman. 

GID'DY, V. t. To make reeling or unsteady. Farindon. 
GID'DY-BRaINED, 77. Careless ; thoughtless. 
GID'DY-HEAD, ?7. A person without thought or judg- 
ment. 

GID'DY-HEAD-ED, a. Heedless; unsteady; volatile; in- 
cautious. Donne. 

GID'DY-PaCED, a. Moving irregularly. Shak. 
tGIE. A contraction of ^r777/Zc. Chaucer. 

* GIeR'-kA-GLE, 77. A fowl of the eagle kind. 


GTe'SECK-ITE, 77. A mineral of a rhornboidal form. 

GIF, V. t. [Sax. gifan.] The old but true spelling of if. 

GIFT, 77. J. A present ; any thing given or bestowed. 2. 

The act of giving or conferring, y. fl'he right or power 
of giving or bestowing. 4. An offering or oblation. 5. A 
reward. G. A bribe ; any thing given to corrupt the judg- 
ment. 7. Power; faculty; some quality or endowment 
conferred by the Author of our nature. 

GIFT, V. t. To endow with any power or faculty. 

GIFT'ED, j)p. or a. Endowed by nature with any power 
or faculty ; furnished with any particular talent. 

GIFT'ED-NESy, 77. The state of being gifted. 

GIFT'ING, ppr. Endowing with any power or faculty. 

I GIG, V. t. [L. ^7V/7o.] 1. To engender. Dryden. 2. To 

fish with a gig or fishgig. 

GIG, 77. [W,. giga Fr. o-7«itc.] 1. Any little thing that is 

whirled round in play. 2. A light carriage with one pair 
of wheels, drawn by one horse ; a chair or chaise. 3. A 
fiddle. 4 A dart or harpoon. [See Fishgig.] 5. A 
ship’s bo.'U. G. A wanton girl. 

Gi-GAN-Te'AN, a. [L. gigantcus.] Like a giant ; mighty. 
J\Iore. 

GT-GAN'Tie, a. [L. giganticus.] 1. Of extraordinary size ; 
very large ; huge ; like a giant. 2. Enormous ; very great 
or might}'. — Gigantical and gigantinc, for gigantic^ are 
rarely or never used. 

GI-GAN-TOL'O-GY, 77. [Gr. yiya^ and Aoyo?.] An account 
or description of giants. 

GIG'GLE, 77. [Sax. geag!.] A kind of laugh, with short 
catches of the voice or breath. 

GIG'GLE, V. i. [D. gi.chgelen ; Sax. gcagJ.] To laugh with 
short catches of the breath or voice^; to laugh in a silly, 
puerile manner; to titter. 

GIG'GIjER, 77. One that giggles or titters. 

GIG'LET, I 77. [Sax. geagl.] A wanton; a lascivious girl. 

GIG'LOT, i Shak. 

GIG'L()1’, a. Giddy ; light; inconstant; wanton. 

GIG'OT, 77. [Fr.] 'The hip-joint; also, a slice. [JV'bt jEtio-- 
Ush .] 

GIL'BER-TINE, 77. One of a religious order so named from 
Gilbert, lord of Sempringham. 

GIL'BER-TINE, a. Belonging to the monastic order men- 
tioned above. Weever. 

GILD, V. t. ; pret. and pp. gilded., or gilt. [Sax. gildav, gyl- 
dan^ geldan.] 1. To overlay with gold, either in leaf or 
powder, or in amalgam with quicksilver; to overspread 
with a thin covering of gold. 2. To cover with any yel- 
lov/ matter. 3. To adorn with lustre ; to render bright. 
4. To illuminate ; to brighten. 5. To give a fair and 
agreeable external appearance. 

GILD'ED, pp. Overlaid with gold leaf or liquid ; illuniina- 
ted. 

GILD'ER,77. 1. One who gilds ; one whose occupation is 
to overlay things with gold. 2. A Dutch coin of the value 
of 20 stivers, about 38 cents ; usually written guilder. 

GILD'ING, ppr. Overlaying with gold; giving a fair exter- 
nal appearance. 

GILD'ING, 77. 1. The art or practice of overlaying things 
with gold leaf or liquid. 2. That which is laid on in 
overlaving with gold. 

GILL, 77'. [Sw. gel.] 1. The organ of respiration in fishes, 
consisting of a cartilaginous or bony arch, attached to the 
bones of the head, and furnished on the exterior convex 
side with a multitude of fleshy leaves, or fringed vascular 
fibrils, resembling plumes, and of a red cofor. 2. The 
flap that hangs below the beak of a fowl. 3. The flesh 
under the chin. — 4. In Knglund., a pair of wheels and a 
frame on which timber is conveyed ; [local.] 

GILL'-FLAP, 77. A membrane attached to the posterior 
edge of the gill-lid, immediately closing the gill-opening. 

GILL'-LID, 77. The covering of the gills. 

GILL'-o-PEN-ING, 77. I'he aperture of a fish or other ani- 
mal, by which water is admitted to the gills. 

GILL, 77'. [Low L. gi/Za.] J. A measure of capacity, con- 
taining the fourth part of a pint. 2. A measure among 
miners, equal to a pint. 

GILL, 77. I. A plant, ground-ivy, of the germs glechoma. 
2. Malt liquor medicated with ground-ivy. 

GILL, 77. [\nH\y. gilja.] 1. In ludicrous language., a fe- 
male ; a wanton girl. 2. A fissure in a hill ; also, a place 
between steep banks and a rivulet flowing through it ; a 
brook. Grose. 

GlLL'IIOUSE, 77. A place where gill is sold. Pope. 

fGlL'LI-AN, 77. A wanton girl. Beaumont. 

GIL'LY-FLOW-ER, 77. [supposed to be a corruption of Ju- 
ly-flower.] The name of certain plants. 

GILSE, 77. A young salmon. . , 

GILT, pp. of gild. Overlaid with gold leaf, or washed witn 

gold ; illuminated ; adorned. 

GILT, 77. 1. Gold laid on the surface of a thing; gilding. 
Shak . — 2. In England., a young female pig. Cyc. 

GILT'HEAD, n. [gilt and head.] L In ichthyology., a fisn 
or a genus of fislies, the spams. 2. A bird. 

GILT'TaIL, 77 . A worm so called from its yellow tail. 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE B^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; Cll as Sll ; TII as in this. | ObsoleU. 


GIZ 


GIR 37G 


6IM, a. [contracted from gcmmy.'] Neat j spruce ; well- 
dressed. 

GIM'BAL, n. A brass ring by which a sea compass is sus- 
pended in its box. Mar. Diet. 

GIMB'LET, or GIM'LET, n. [Fr. gibclet.'\ An instrument 
with a pointed screw at the end, for boring holes in wood. 
GIMB'LET, V. t. In seamen’s language^ to turn round an 
anchor by the stock. Mar. Diet. 

GIM'GRAGK, n. A trivial mechanism j a device 5 a toy 5 a 
pretty thing. Arbuthnot. 

GIM'MAL, n. Some device or machinery. Shah. 

GIM'MAL; rt. Consisting of links. Shak. 
fGIM'MEE, 71. Movement or niachinerj'. More. 

GIMP, 11 . [Fr. guiper.^ A kind of silk twist or edging, 
t GIMP, a. [W. ^zo 7 /mp.j Smart; spruce; trim ; nice. 

Gin, 77 . A contraction ot Geneva^ a distilled spirit. 

GIN, 77 . [a contraction of enginc.'\ 1. A machine or instru- 
ment by whicli the mechanical powers are employed in 
aid of human strength. 2. A trap ; a snare. 

Gin, V. t. 1. To clear cotton of its seeds by a machine. 2. 

To catch in a trap. 

GIN, V. i. To begin. [Sax. synnan.'] 

GIN, eonj. [Sax. gif.\ If. Grose. 

jGING, 77 . [for ^a? 7 ^.] A company. B. Jonson. 

GIjX'GER, 77. [It. ^c 77 ^ 7 ot’o ,* Sp. ^e 77 ^iftre.] A plant, or the 
root of a species of amomum-^ a native of the East and 
West Indies. 

GIN'GER-BREAD, n. [ginger and bread.] A kind of cake, 
composed of flour with an admixture of butter, pearlash 
and ginger, sweetened. 

t GIN'GER-LY, atZu. Nicely; cautiously. Skelton. 
j GIN'GER-NESS, n. Niceness ; tenderness. 

GING'HAM, n. A kind of striped cotton cloth. 

GIN'GING, 77. In minings the lining of a mine-shaft. 
GIN'GI-VAL, a. [L. gingiva.] Pertaining to the gums. 
GIN'GLE, or JIN'GLE, v. i. [Pers. langL.] 1. To make a 
sharp, clattering sound ; to ring as a little bell, or as small 
pieces of sonorous metal. 2. To utter aflected or chiming 
sounds in periods or cadence. 

GIN'GLE, V. t. To shake so as to make clattering sounds in 
quick succession ; to ring, as a litT'e bell. 

GIN'GLE, 77. 1. A shrill, clattering sound. 2. Affectation 
in the sounds of periods in reading or speaking. 
GIN'GLY-MOID, a. [Gr. yiyyXvpog and £ 7 < 5 oj*] Pertaining 
to or resembling a ginglymus. 

GIN'GLY-MUS, 77. [Gr. yiyyXv yog.] In anatomy , a s^iecies 
of articulation resembling a hinge. 

GIN'NET, 77. A nag. See Jennet. 

GIN'SENG, 77. [this word is probably Chinese.] A plant, 
of the genus panax, the root of which is in great demand 
among the Chinese. It is found in the northern parts of 
Asia and America, and is an article of export from Amer- 
ica to China. 

GIP, V. t. To take out the entrails of herrings. 

GT'PON. See Juppon. 

GIP'SY, n. 1. The Gipsys are a race of vagabonds which 
infest Europe, Africa and Asia, strolling about and sub- 
sisting mostly by theft, robbery and fortune-telling. The 
name is supposed to be corrupted from Egyptian. 2. A 
reproachful name for a dark complexion. 3. A name of 
slight reproach to a woman ; sometimes implying artifice 
or cunning. 

GIP'SY, 77. The language of the Gipsys, 

GIP'SY-ISM, 77. 1. The arts and practices of Gipsys ; 

deception ; cheating ; flattery. 2. The state of a Gipsy. 
Gl-RAFF', 77. [Sp. girafa ; It. giraffa.] The camelopard, a 
quadruped. See Camelopard. 

GIR'AN-DOLE, 77. [It. girandola.] A chandelier ; a large 
kind of branched candlestick. 

* GIR'A-SOLE, or GlR'A-SOL, 77 . [Fr., Sp. ; It. girasole.] 
1. The turnsole, a plant of the genus heliotr opium. 2. A 
mineral. 

GiRD, 77. [Sax. geard, gyrd, or gyrda.] 1 . A twitch or 
pang ; a sudden spasm. — 2. In popular languuge, a severe 
stroke of a stick or whip. 

GiRD, V. t. ,* pret. and ;»p. girdedyor girt. [Sax. gyrdan.] 1. 
To bind by surrounding with any flexible substance, as 
with a twig, a cord, bandage or cloth. 2. To make fast 
by binding ; to put on. 3. To invest; to surround. 4. 
To clothe ; to dress ; to habit. 5. To furnish ; to equip. 

6. To surround ; to encircle ; to inclose ; to encompass. 

7. To gibe ; to reproach severely ; to lash. 

GiRD, V. i. To gibe ; to sneer ; to break a scornful jest ; to 
utter severe sarcasms. 

GiRD'ED, pp. Bound ; surrounded ; invested ; put on. 
GiRD'ER, 77. 1. In arehiteeture, the principal piece of tim- 
ber in a floor. 2. A satirist. 

GiRDMNG, ppr. Binding ; surrounding ; investing. 
GiRD'ING, 77. A covering. Is. iii. 

GiR'DLE, 77. [Sax. gyrdle^ gyrdl.] 1. A band or belt; 
something drawn round the waist of a person, and tied or 
buckled. 2. Inclosure ; circumference. 3. The zodiac. 
4. Around iron plate for baking. — 5. Among jezzjcZcr*', the 
line which encompasses the stone, parallel to the horizon. 


GiR'DLE, V. t. 1. To bind with a belt or sash ; to gird. 2. 
To inclose ; to environ ; to shut in. Shak. — 3. In Amerieuy 
to make a circular incision, like a belt, through the bark 
and alburnum of a tree, to kill it. Dwight. 

GiR'DLE-BELT, n. A belt that encircles the waist. 

GiR'DLER, 77 . One who girdles ; a maker of girdles. 

GiR'DLE-STEAD, n. The part of the body where the girdle 
is worn. Mason. 

GIRE, 77 [L.^7/r77s.] A circle, or circular motion. See Gyre. 

GiRL, 77. [Low L. ^erziZa.] 1 . A female child, or young 
woman. — 2. Among sportsmen, a roebuck of two years old. 

GiRL'IiOOD, 77. The state of a girl. 

GiRL'ISil’ a. 1. Like a young woman or child ; befitting a 
girl. 2. Pertaining to the youth of a female. 

GiRL'ISH-LY, adv. In the manner of a girl. 

fGillN, v.i. A corruption of 777. South. 

GIR'ROGK, 77. A .species of gar-fish, the laeertus. 

GiRT, pret. and pp of gird. 

GiRT, V. t. To gird ; to surround. Thomson. 

GiRT, I 77 . 1. The band or strap by which a saddle or any 

Girth, \ burden on a horse’s back is made fast, by pass- 
ing under his belly. 2. A circular bandage. 3. The 
compass measured by a girth or inclosing bandage. 

GiRTH, V. t. To bind with a girth. 

GlSE, V. t. To feed or pasture. Sec Acisr. 

fGlS'LE, 77. A pledge. 

GIST, (jit) 77. [Fr. gesir, gUe.] In law, the main point of a 
question ; the point on which an action rests. 

GITH, 77. Guinea pepper. 

GIT'TERN, 77 . [L. eithara.] A guitar. See Guitar. 

GIT'TERN, V. i. To play on a gittern. Milton. 

GIVEjTJ. t. ; i)ret. gave i pp. given. [Sa-K. gifan, gyfan.] 1. 
To bestow ; to confer. 2. To transmit from himself to 
another by hand, speech or writing ; to deliver. 3. To 
impart ; to bestow. 4. To communicate. 5. To pass or 
deliver the property of a thing to another for an equiva- 
lent ; to pay. 6. To yield ; to lend ; in the phrase to give 
ear. 7. To quit ; in the phrase to give place. 8. To con- 
fer ; to grant. 9. To expose ; to yield to the power of. 
10. To grant ; to allow ; to permit. Rotce. 11. To afford ; 
to supply; to furnish. 12. To empower; to license ; to 
commission. 13. To pay or render. 14. To render ; to 
pronounce. 15. To utter ; to vent. 16. To produce ; to 
show ; to exhibit as a product or result. 17. To cause to 
exist ; to excite in another. 18. To send forth ; to emit. 
19. To addict; to apply ; to devote one’s self, followed 
by the reciprocal pronoun. 20. To resign ; to yield up. 
21. To pledge. 22. To present for taking or acceptance. 
23. To allow or admit by way of supposition. 

To give away, to alienate the title or property of a thing ; to 
make oveV to another ; to transfer. — To give baek, to re- 
turn ; to restore. — To give forth, to publish ; to tell ; to 
report publicly.— To give the hand, to yield preeminence, 
as being subordinate or inferior. — To give in, to allow by 
way of abatement or deduction from a claim ; to yield 
what may be justly demanded. — To give over. 1. To 
leave ; to quit ; to cease ; to abandon. 2. To addict ; to 
attach to ; to abandon. 3. To despair of recovery ; to be- 
lieve to be lost, or past recovery. 4. To abandon.— To 
give out. 1. To utter publicly ; to report ; to proclaim ; 
to publish. 2. To issue ; to send forth ; to publish. 3. 
To show ; to exhibit in false appearance. 4. To send 
out; to emit.— To give up. 1. To resign ; to quit ; to 
yield as hopeless. 2. To surrender. 3. To relinquish ; 
to cede. 4. To abandon. 5. To deliver. — To give one’s 
self up. 1. To despair of one’s recovery ; to conclude to 
be lost. 2. To resign or devote. 3. To addict ; to aban- 
don. — To give tcay. 1. To yield; to withdraw to make 
room for. 2. To fail ; to yield to force ; to break or fall. 
3. To recede ; to make room for. — 4. In seamen’s lan- 
guage, give way is an order to a boat’s crew to row after 
ceasing, or to increase their exertions. 

GIVE, 7 J. 7 . 1. To yield to pressure. 2. To begin to melt ; 
to thaw ; to grow soft, so as to yield to pressure. 3. To 
move ; to recede. 

To give in, to go back ; to give way ; [o&s.] — To give into, 
to yield assent ; to adopt. — To give off, to cease ; to for- 
bear. Locke. — To give on, to rush ; to fall on ; [ 065 .] — To 
give out. 1. To publish ; to proclaim. 2. To cease from 
exertion; to yield; applied to persons. — To give over, to 
cease ; to act no more ; to desert. 

GIV'EN, (giv'n) pp. Bestowed; granted; conferred; im- 
parted ; admitted or supposed. 

GIV'ER, 77. One who gives ; a donor ; abestower ; a grantr 
or ; one who imparts or distributes. 

GIVES, 77. plu. [It. geibhion.] Fetters or shackles for the 
feet. See Gyves. 

GIV'ING, ppr. Bestowing ; conferring ; imparting ; grant- 
ing ; delivering. 

GIV'ING, 77. 1. The act of conferring. Pope. 2. An alledg- 
ing of what is not real. Shak. 

GIZ'ZARD, 77. [Fr. gesier.] The strong, musculous stom- 
ach of a fowl. Dryden. — To fret the gizzard, to harass ; to 
vex one’s self, or to be vexed. Hudibras. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, 0, XJ, Y, long.^FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; 


I Obsolete, 


GLA 


377 


GLA 


t GLa>BRI-ATE, V. t. [L. glairo,] To make smooth. 

IGLa'BRI-TY, Smoothness. 

GLa'BROUS, a. [L. glaber.^ Smooth liaving an even 
surface. 

GLa'CIAL, a. [Fr. glacial.'] Icy j consisting of ice j 
frozen. 

GLa'CIATE, V. i. To turn to ice. Diet. 

GLA-CI-a'TION, n. The act of freezing 5 ice formed. 
Browiu 

GLa'CIeR, n. [Fr. glaciere.] A field or immense mass of 
ice, formed in deep but elevated valleys, or on the sides 
of the Alps or other mountains. 

GLa'CIOUS, a. Like ice ; icy. Brown. 

'i^GLa'CIS, a. [Fr.] 1 . In bnild'ing, ox gardenings rniQOiSyj 
insensible slope. — 2 . In fortifications a sloping bank. 

GLAD, a. [Sax. glwds or glad.] 1 . Pleased 5 affected with 
pleasure or moderate joy ; moderately happy. 2 . Cheer- 
ful ; joyous. 3 . Cheerful ; wearing the appearance of 
joy s "L Wearing a gay appearance ; showy ; bright. 5 . 
Pleasing ; exhilarating, b. Expressing gladness or joy 3 
exciting joy. 

GLAD, V. t. [the pret. and pp. gladded is not used.] To 
make glad 3 to affect with pleasure 3 to cheer 3 to gladden 3 
to exhilarate. 

t GLAD, V. i. To be glad 3 to rejoice. Massinger. 

GLAD'DEN, (glad'n) v. t. [Sax. gladian.] To make glad 3 
to cheer 3 to please 3 to exhilarate. 

GLAD'DEN, (glad'n) v. i. To become glad 3 to rejoice. 

GLAD DER, 71. One that makes glad, or gives joy. 

GLAD'DING, ppr. Making glad 3 cheering 3 giving joy. 

GLADE, 71 . [Icel. hlad. Q,u.] 1 . An opening or passage 
made through a wood by lopping off the branches of the 
trees. Localhjs in the United Statess a natural opening or 
open place in a forest. — 2 . In dVeio Englands an opening 
in the ice of rivers or lakes, or a place left unfrozen. 

GLADE, /^. \jy. glad.] Smooth ice. Mew England. 

GLA'DfliSr, / n. [L. gladius.] Sword-grass 3 the general 

GLa'DER, ) name of plants that rise with a broad blade 
like sedge. 

fGLAD'FUL, a. Full of gladness. Spenser. 

f GLADTUL-NESS, n. Joy 3 gladness. Spenser. 

GLa'DI-ATE, a. [L. gladius.] Sword-shaped. 

■'^'GLAD-I-a'TOR, 77. [E. fxom glad'ms.] A sword -player 3 a 
prize-fighter. 3 ’he gladiatorSs in Romes were men who 
fought in the arena, for the entertainment of the people. 

GLAD-I-A-TO'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to gladiators. 

GLa'DI-A-TO-RY, or GLAD'I-A-TO-RY, a. Relating to 
gladiators. Bp. Porteus. 

t GLa'DI-A-TURE, n. Sword-play 3 fencing. Oayton. 

GLADR-OLE, 77. [h. gladiolus.] A plant, the of 

the genus gladiolus. 

GLAD''LY, adv. With pleasure 3 joyfully. 

GLAD'NESS, n. Joy, or a moderate degree of joy 3 pleas- 
ure of mind 5 cheerfulness. [Gladness is rarely or never 
equivalent to mirths merriments gayety and triumphs and 
it usually expresses less than delight.] 

f GLAD'SHIP, n. State of gladness. Gower. 

GLAD'SoME, a. 1 . Pleased 3 joyful 3 cheerful. 2 . Causing 
joy 3 pleasing. Prior. 

GLAD'S6ME-LY, adv. With joy 3 with pleasure. 

GLAD'SoME-NESS, n. Joy, or moderate joy 3 pleasure of 
mind. 2 . Showiness. Johnson. 

GLAD'WIN, 71 . A plant of the genus iris. 

GLAIR, 71 . [Fr. glaire.] 1 . The white of an egg. 2 . Any 
viscous, transparent substance, resembling the white of 
an egg. 3 . A kind of halberd. 

GLAIR, u. t. To smear with the white of an egg 3 to 
varnish. 

GLAIRW, a. Like glair, or partaking of its qualities. 

GLANCE, 7?. [G. glani.] 1 . A sudden shoot of light or 
splendor. 2 . A shoot or darting of sight 3 a rapid or mo- 
mentary view or cast 3 a snatch of sight. 

GLANCE , V. i. 1 . To shoot or dart a ray of light or splen- 
dor. 2 . To fly off in an oblique direction 3 to dart aside. 
3 . To look with a sudden, rapid cast of the eye 3 to snatch 
a momentary or hasty view. 4 . To hint 3 to cast a word 
or reflection. 5 . To censure by oblique hints. 

GLANCE, V. t. To shoot or dart suddenly or obliquely 3 to 
cast for a moment. Shak. 

GLANCE'-CoAL, n. Anthracite 3 a mineral composed 
chiefly of carbon. See Anthracite. 

GLAN'CING, ppr. Shooting 3 darting 3 casting suddenly 3 
flying off obliquelj^ 

GLAN'CING-LY, adv. By glancing 3 in a glancing manner j 
transiently. Hakewill. 

GLAND, n. [L. glans.] 1 . In anatomy s a distinct, soft 
body, formed by the convolution of a great number of ves- 
sels, either constituting a part of the lymphatic system, or 
destined to secrete some fluid from the blood. — 2 . In bot- 
anijs gland or glandule is an excretory or secretory duct 
or vessel in a plant. 

GLAN^DERED, a. Affected with glanders. Berkeley. 

GLAND'ERS, n. In farrienjs tke running of corrupt slimy 
matter from the nose of a horse. 


GLAN-DIFiER-OtJS, a. [L. glandifcr.] Bearing acoms o? 
other nuts 3 producing nuts or mast. 

GLAND'I-FORM, a. [L. glans and forma.] In the shape 
of a gland or nut 3 resembling a giand. 

GLANDflJ-LAR, a. Containing glands 3 consisting of 
glands 3 pertaining to glands. 

GLAND-U-La'TION, n. In botan 7 js the situation and 
structure of the secretory vessels in plants. 

GLAND'ULE, n. [L. glandula.] A small gland or secreting 
vessel. 

GLAND-U-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. glandula and/ero.] Bear- 
ing glands. Lee. 

GLAjND-U-LOST-TY, n. A collection of glands. [Little 
used.] Brown. 

GLAND'U-LOUS, a. [L. ^-ZaTzcZuZo^Ms.] Containing glands 3 
consisting of glands 3 peitaining to glands. 

GLARE, 71 . [Dan.^Zar.] 1 . A bright, dazzling light 3 clear, 
brilliant lustre or splendor, that dazzles the eyes. 2 . A 
fierce, piercing look. 3 . A viscous, transparent sub- 
stance. See Glair. 

GLARE, V. i. 1 . To shine with a clear, bright, dazzling 
light. 2 . To look with fierce, piercing eyes. 3 . To shine 
with excessive lustre 3 to be ostentatiously splendid. 

GLARE, V. t. To shoot a dazzling light. 

GLaR'E-OUS, a. [Fr. glaireux.] Resembling the white of 
an egg 3 viscous and transparent or white. 

GLARING, ppr. 1 . Emitting a clear and brilliant light 3 
shining with dazzling lustre. 2. a. Clear 3 notorious 3 
open and bold 3 barefaced. 

GLAR'ING-LY, adv. Openly 3 clearly 3 notoriously. 

GLASS, n. [Sax. glees ,* Sw., Dan., G. and D. glas.] 1 . A 
hard, brittle, transparent, factitious substance, formed by 
fusing sand with fixed alkalies. — In chemistrijs a sub- 
stance or mixture, earthy, saline or metallic, brought by 
fusion to the state of a hard, brittle, transparent mass, 
whose fracture is conchoidal. 2 . A glass vessel of any 
kind. 3 . A mirror. 4 . A vessel to be filled with sand 
for measuring time. 5 . The destined time of man’s life. 
6. The quantity of liquor that a glass vessel contains. 7 . 
A vessel that shows the weight of the air. 8. A per- 
spective glass. 9 . The time which a glass runs, or in 
which it is exhausted of sand. 10. Glassess in the plurals 
spectacles. 

GLASS, a. Made of glass 3 vitreous 3 as, a glass bottle. 

GLASS, 7 ). t. 1 . To see as in a glass 3 [oZ>s.] 2 . To case in 
glass 3 [Z. w ] 3 . To cover with glass 5 to glaze. Boyle. 

GLASS'BLoW-ER, n. One whose business is to blow and 
fashion glass. 

GLASS'FIILL, n. As much as a glass holds. 

GLASS'FUR-NACE, 71. A furnace in which the materials 
of glass are melted. Cyc. 

GLASS'-Ga-ZING, a. Addicted to viewing one’s self in a 
glass or mirror 3 finical. Shak. 

GLASS'-GRiND-ER, 71. One whose occupation is to grind 
and polish glass. Bo 7 jle. 

GLASS'HOUSE, n. A house where glass is made. 

GLASSfl-NESS, n. The quality of being glassy or smooth 3 
a vitreous appearance. 

GLASS'LiKB, a. Resembling glass. 

GLASS'MAN, n. One who sells glass. Sivift. 

GLASS'MET-AL, 71. Glass in fusion. Boyle. 

GLASS^POT, n. A vessel used for melting glass. 

GLASS'WoRK, 71 . Manufacture of glass. 

GLASSYVoRKS, n.. plu. The place or buildings where 
glass is made. 

GLASS'WoRT, 71. A plant, the salsola. 

GLASS'Y, a. 1. Made of glass; vitreous. 2 . Resembling 
glass in its properties, as in smoothness, brittleness, or 
transparency. Dryden. 

GLAS'TON-BUR-Y-THORN', n. A species of medlar. 
Miller. 

GLAUB'ER-lTE, n. A mineral. Ure. 

GLAUB'ER-SALT, n. Sulphate of soda, a well known ca- 
thartic. _ 

GLAU-€o'MA, 71 . [Gr.] A fault in the eye, in which the 
crystaline humor becomes gray, but without injury to the 
sight. Quincy. 

GLAUO'OUS, a. [L. glaucus.] Of a sea-green color 3 of a 
light green. 

fGLAVE, 71 . [Fr. ffZaiye.] A broad-sword 3 a falchion. 

GLAV'ER, V. i. [W. glavru.] To flatter 3 to wheedle. 
[Little 7 Lseds a 7 id vulgar.] L^Estra 7 ige. 

GLAV'ER-ER, ?i. A flatterer. 

GLaY'MORE, n. [Gael, claidhamhs tind more.] A large, 
two-handed sword, formerly much used by the Highland- 
ers of Scotland. Johnso 7 i. 

GLAZE, V. t. [from glass.] 1 . To furnish witli windows 
of glass. 2 . To incrust with a vitreous substance. 3 . 
To cover with any thing smooth and shining 3 or to render 
the exterior of a thing smooth, bright and showy. 4 . To 
give a glassy surface 3 to make glossy. 

GLAZED, pp. Furnished with glass windows 3 incrusted 
with a substance resembling glass 3 rendered smooth and 
shining. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 3— BULL, UNITE.— € as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


GLI 


GLO 


378 


f tJLX'ZEN, < 1 . [Sax. ^^<z 5 cn.] Resembling glass. Wickliffe. 

GLA'ZfER, (gla zhur) ti. One whose business is to set win- 
dow-glass. Moxon. 

GLaZ'iNG, ppr. 1. Furnishing with window-glass. 2. 
Crusting with a vitreous substance, ns potter’s ware. 3. 
Owing a smooth, glossy, shining surface, as to cloth. 

GLaZ'INGj lu The vitreous substance with which potter’s 
wjire is incrusted. 

gleam, n. [Sax. gleam.^ or glcBm>.~\ 1. A shoot of light ; a 
beam ; a ray 3 a small stream of light. 2. Brightness ; 
splendor. 

GLeAxM, v,u 1. To shoot or dart, as rays of light. 2. To 
shine j to cast light. 3. To flash ; to spread a flood of 
light. — 4. Among /aZco/icr 5 , to disgorge filth, as a hawk. 

GLeAMUNG, ppr. Shooting, as rays of light ; shining. 

GLeAM'ING, n. A shoot or shooting of light. 

GLeAM'V, a. Darting beams of light j casting light in 
rays. 

GLeAN, V. t. [Fr. glavcr.'l 1. To gather the stalks and 
ears of grain which reapers leave behind them. 2. To 
collect things thinly scattered 5 to gather what is left in 
small parcels or numbers. 

GLiiiAN, V. i. To gather stalks or ears of grain left by 
rr^pers. 

GLeAN, 71. A collection made by gleaning, or by gathering 
here and there a little. 

GLeANED, pp. Gathered after reapers ; collected from 
small, detached parcels. 2. Cleared of what is left. 3. 
Having suffered a gleaning. 

GLe AN'EU, 71. 1. One who gathers after reapers. 2. One 
who collects detached parts or numbers, or who gathers 
slowly with labor. Locke . 

GLe.VN'ING, ppr. Gathering what reapers leave ; collect- 
ing in small, detached parcels. 

GLeAXTNG, 71. 1. The act of gathering after reapers. 2. 
That which is collected by gleaning. 

GLEBE, n. [L. glcba.l 1. Turf; soil; ground. 2. The 
land belonging to a parish church or ecclesiastical bene- 
fice. 3. A crystal ; — 4. Among miners, a piece of 

eiyth in which is contained sr.ne mineral ore. 

GLeB'OUS, a. Gleby ; turfy. Diet. 

GLeB'Y, a. Turfy ; cloddy. 

GLEDE, 71. [Sax. glida.] A fowl of the rapacious kind, the 
kite, a species of falco. 

GLEE, n. [Sax. glic.'] 1. Joy ; merriment ; mirth ; gayety ; 
particularly , the mirth enjoyed at a feast. 2. A sort of 
catch or song sung in parts. 

GLEE, or GLY, v. i. [Tent, gluyeren.] To squint. 

fGLEED, 71. [Sax. A glowing coal. Chaucer. 

GLEE^FIJL, a. Merry ; gay ; joyous. Shak. 

|GLEEK, 71. 1. Music, or a musician. Shak. 2. A scoff; 
a game at cards. 

fGLEEK, tj. i. To make sport of; to gibe; to sneer; to 
spend time idly. Shak. 

t GLEE'MAN, n. A musician. 

t GLEEN, V. i. [W. glan.] To shine ; to glisten. 

t GLEE'SGME, a. Merry ; joyous. 

GLEET, 71. [Sax. glidan.] The flux of a thin humor from 
the urethra ; a thin ichor running from a sore. 

GLEET, V. i. 1. To flow in a thin, limpid humor ; to ooze. 
fViseman. 2. To flow slowly, as water. Cheyne. 

GLEET'Y, a. Ichorous ; thin ; limpid. 

GLEN, 71. [W. glyn.] A valley ; a dale ; a depression or 
space between'^hills. 

GLENE, 71. [Gr. 7 X 17 ^ 77 .] In anatomy, the cavity or socket 
of the eye, and the pupil. 

GLENT, V. i. [Icel. glenta.'] To start aside ; to look aside. 
J-rorth of England. 

GLEVV. See Glue. 

GLFA-DINE, n. [Gr. yXia.] One of the constituents of 
gluten. 

GLIB, a. [D. glibberen, glippen.} I. Smooth ; slippery ; ad- 
mitting a body to slide easily on the surface. 2. Smootli ; 
voluble ; easily moving. 

tOLIB, 71. A thick curled bush of hair hanging down over 
the eyes. Spenser. 

GLIB, V. t. 1. To castrate. 2. To make smooth. 

GLTB'LY, adv. Smoothly ; volubly. 

GLfB'NESS, 71. Smoothness ; slipperiness. Chapman. 2. 
Volubility of the tongue. 

GLIDE, V. i. [Sax. glidan.] 1. To flow gently; to move 
without noise or violence ; as a river. 2 . To move silent- 
ly and smoothly ; to pass along without apparent effort. 
3. To move or pass rapidly and with apparent ease. — 4. 
In a general seiise, to move or slip along with ease, as on 
a smooth surface. 

GLIDE, 71. The act or manner of moving smoothly, swiftly 
and without labor or obstruction. 

GLTD'ER, 71. He or that which glides. Spenser. 

GLID'ING, ppr. Passing along gently and smoothly ; mov- 
ing rapidly, or with ease. 

GLIKE, 71. [Sax. gUg.] A sneer ; a scoff; a flout. 

GLIME, V. i. To look out of the corner of the eye ; to glance 
slyly. 


GLIM'MER, V. i. [G. glimmen, glimmern.] 1. To shoot fee- 
ble or scattered rays of light. 2. To shine faintly ; to give 
a feeble light. 

GLIM'MER, n. j. A faint light; feeble, scattered rays of 
lighti — 2. In mineralogy, mica, glist, inuscuvy-glass ; a 
mineral resulting from crystalization, but rarely fou^id in 
regular crystals. 

GLIM'MER-ING, ppr. Shining faintly; shooting feeble, 
scattered rays of light. 

GLlM'MER-liNiG, 71 .. 1. A faint beaming of light. 2. A faint 
view. 

GLIMPSE, 71 . [D. glimp.] 1. A weak, faint light. 2. A 
flash of light. 3. Transient lustre. 4. A short, tran- 
sitory view. 5. Short, fleeting enjoyment. 6. Exhibition 
of a faint resemblance. 

GLIMPSE, V. i. To appear by glimpses. Drayton. 

GLIS'SA, 71. A fish of the tunny kind, without scales. 

GLIST, 71 . Glimmer ; mica. Sec Glimmek. 

GLIS'TEN, (glis'n) v. i. [Sax. gUsuiun.] To shine ; to 
sparkle with light. 

GLIS'TEN-ING, pp?*. Shining; sparkling; emitting rays 
of light. 

GLIS'TER, V. i. To shine ; to be bright ; to sparkle ; to be 
brilliant. Shak. 

GLIS'TER. See Clystek. 

GLIS'TER-ING, ppr. Shining ; sparkling with light. 

GLIS'TER-ING-L Y, adv. With shining lustre. 

GLIT'TER, V. i. [Sax. glitenan.] 1 . To shine ; to sparkle 
with light ; to gleam ; to be splendid. 2. To be showy, 
specious or striking, and, hence, attractive. 

GLri'TER, 71 . Brightness; brilliancy; splendor; lustre. 

f GLIT'TER- AND, ppr. or a. Sparkling. Chaucer. 

GLIT'TER-ING, ppr. Shining; splendid; brilliant. 

GLIT'TER-ING-LY, adv. With sparkling lustre. 

GLoAM, V. i. To be sullen. Sec Glum. 

fGLoAR, V. i. [D. gluuren.] To squint ; to stare. 

f GLoAT, V. i. pSw. glutta.] To cast side glances ; to stare 
with eagerness or admiration. Rowe. 

GLo'BARD, 71. [from glow.] A glow-worm. 

GLoBWTE, t a. [L. globatus.] Having the form of a 

GLoB'A-TED, ^ globe ; spherical ; spheroidal. 

GLOBE, n. [L. globus ,* Fr. globe.] 1. A round or spherical 
solid body ; a ball ; a sphere ; a body whose surface is in 
every part equidistant from the centre. 2. The earth ; 
the terraqueous ball ; so called, though not perfectly 
spherical. 3. An artificial sphere of metal, paper or other 
matter, on whose convex surface is drawn a map or repre- 
sentation of the earth or of the heavens. 4. A body of 
soldiers formed into a circle. 

GLOBE, v. t. To gather round or into a circle. 

GLoBE'-AM-A-R ANTH, n. A plant. Sec Amaranth. 

GLoBE'-AN-I-MAL, n. A species of animalcule of a glob- 
ular form. 

GLoBE'-DaI-SY, n. A plant or flower. 

GLoBE'-FISH, n. A fish of a globular shape, the ostracion. 
.Johnson. Encyc. 

GLoBE'-FLOV/-ER, n. A plant or flower. 

GLoBE»-RA-NUN'€U-LUS, 71 . A plant 

GLoBE_^-THIS-TLE, tj. A plant. 

GLO-BoSE', a. [L. globosus.] Round ; spherical ; globular. 
Milton. 

GLO-BOST-TY, n. The quality of being round. 

GLo'BOUS, a. [L. globosus.] Round ; spherical. 

GLOB'ULAR, a. Round ; spherical ; having the form of a 
small bail or sphere. Grew. 

GLOB-U-La'RI-A, 71. A flosculous flower. Miller. 

GLOB'ULE, n. [Fr. globule ; L. globulus.] A little globe ; 
a small particle of matter of a spherical form. 

GLOBTT-LOUS, a. Round ; globular; having the form of a 
small sphere. Boyle. 

GLoB'Y, a. Round ; orbicular. Sherwood. 

t GLODE, old pret. of glide. 

GLOME, 71. [L. glomus.] In botany, a roundish head of 
flow’ers. Martyn. 

GLOM'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. glomero.] To gather or wind 
into a ball ; to collect into a spherical form or mass. 

GLOM'ER-A-TED, pp. Gathered into a ball or round 
mass. 

GLOM'ER-A-TING, ppr. Collecting or winding into a ball 
or round mass. 

GLOM-ER-a'TION, 77. [L. glomeratio.] 1. The act of 
gathering into a ball or spherical body. 2. A body formed 
into a ball. Bacon. 

GLOM'ER-OUS, a. [L. glomerosus.] Gathered or formed 
into a ball or round mass. 

GLOOM, 71. [Scot, glotim.] 1. Obscurity; partial or total 
darkness ; thick shade. 2. Cloudiness or heaviness of 
mind ; melancholy ; aspect of sorrow. 3. Darkness of 
prospect or aspect. 4. Sullenness. 

GIvOOM, r. ?'. 1. To shine obscurely or imperfectl 5 ^ 2. To 
be cloudy, dark or obscure. 3. To be melancholy or de- 
jected. 

GLOOM, r. t. To obscure ; to fill with gloom; to darken; 
to make dismal. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, 0, tJ, Y, long — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PR£Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — | Obsolete. 


GLO 


379 


GLU 


GLOOM'I-LY, adv. 1. Obscurely; dimly; darkly; dismal- 
ly. 2. With melancholy aspect ; sullenly. Dryden. 

GLOOM I-N ESS, n. 1. Want of light ; obscurity ; darkness ; 
dismalness. 2. Want of cheerfulness ; cloudiness of look ; 
heaviness of mind ; melancholy. 

GLOOM'Y, a. 1. Obscure ; imperfectly illuminated ; or 
dark ; dismal. 2. Wearing the aspect of sorrow ; melan- 
choly ; clouded ; dejected ; depressed ; heavy of heart. 
3. Of a dark complexion ; [little used.] 

GLOP'PEN, V. t. To surprise ; to astonish. JV'*. of England. 

GLORE, a. [Icel. hlyre.] Fat. 

•j-GLO-RI-A'TION, 11 . [h. gloriatio.] Boast; a triumphing. 
Richardson. 

■fGLo'RlED, a. Illustrious ; honorable. Milton. 

GLO-R1-FI-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of giving glory, or of 
ascribing honors to. 2. Exaltation to honor and dignity ; 
elevation to glory. 

GLo'RI-FTED, pp. Honored; dignified; exalted to glory. 

GLo'Rl-F'?, V. t. [Fr. glnrifier.] 1. To praise ; to magnify 
and honor in worship ; to ascribe honor to, in thought or 
words. 2. To make glorious ; to exalt to glory, or to ce- 
lestial happiness. 3. To praise; to honor; to extol. 4. 
To procure honor or praise to. 

GLo'RI-FY-ING, ppr. Praising; honoring in worship ; ex- 
alting to glory ; honoring ; extolling. 

GLo'Rl-OLJS, a. [Fr. glorieur ; h. gloriosus.] 1. Illustrious ; 
of exalted excellence and splendor ; resplendent in majes- 
ty and divine attributes. 2. Noble ; excellent ; renowned ; 
celebrated ; illustrious ; very honorable. 3. Boastful ; 
self-ex)ilting ; haughty; ostentatious; [o&5.] 

GLo'RI-OUS-LY. adv. Splendidly; illustriously; with great 
renown or dignity. 

GLo'Rl-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being glo- 
rious. 

GLO'RY, n. [L. gloria ; Fr. gloire.] 1. Brightness ; lustre ; 
splendor. 2. Splendor ; magnificence. 3. The circle of 
rays surrounding the head of a figure in painting. 4. 
Praise ascribed in adoration ; honor. 5. Honor ; praise ; 
fame; renown; celebrity. 6. The felicity of heaven pre- 
pared for the children of God ; celestial bliss. — 7. In 
Scripture, the divine presence ; or the ark, the manifesta- 
tion of it. 8. The divine perfections or excellence. 9. 
Honorable representation of God. 10. Distinguished honor 
or ornament ; that which honors or makes renowned ; 
that of which one may boast. 11. Pride; boastfulness; 
arrogance ; as, vain glory. 12. Generous pride. 

GLo'RY, V. i. [L. glorior.] 1. To exult with joy ; to re- 
joice. 2. To boast ; to be proud of. 

GLo'RY-ING, ppr. Exulting with joy ; boasting. 

GLO'RY-ING, n. The act of exulting ; exultation ; boast- 
ing ; display of pride. 

GliO^^E, GLoSER. See Gloze. 

GLOSS, n. [G. ;grZossc.] 1. Brightness or lustre of a body, 
proceeding from a smooth surface. 2. A specious appear- 
ance or representation ; external show that may mislead 
opinion. 3. An interpretation artfully specious. 4. In- 
terpretation ; comment ; explanation ; remark intended to 
illustrate a subject. 5. A literal translation. 

GLOSS, V. t. 1. To give a superficial lustre to; to make 
smooth and shining. 2. To explain ; to render clear and 
evident by comments ; to illustrate. 3. To give a specious 
appearance to ; to render specious and plausible ; to pal- 
liate by specious representation. 

GLOSS, V. i. 1. To comment ; to write or make explanato- 
ry remarks. 2. To make sly remarks. Prior. 

GLOS-Sa'RI-AL, a. Containing explanation. 

GLOSS'A-RIST, n. A writer of glosses or comments. 

GLOSS^\-RY, n. [Fr. glossaire.] A dictionary or vocabu- 
lary, explaining obscure or antiquated words found in old 
authors. 

f GLOS-Sa'TOR, V. [Fr. glossateur.] A writer of com- 
ments ; a comnmntator. Ayliffe. 

GLOSSED, pp. Made smooth and shining ; explained. 

GLOSS'ER, 71. 1. A writer of glosses; a scholiast; a com- 
mentator. 2. A polisher ; one who gives a lustre. 

GLOSST-NESS, n. The lustre or brightness of a smooth 
surface. Boyle. 

GLOSSTNG, ppr. Giving lustre to; polishing; explaining 
by comments ; giving a specious appearance. 

fGLOSSTST, n. A writer of comments. Wilton. 

GLOSS-OG'RA-PHER, n. [g^o.<?s, and Gr. A writer 

of glosses ; a commentator ; a scholiast. 

GliOSS-OG'RA-PHY, n. The writing of comments for il- 
lustrating an author. 

GLOSS-OL'O-GIST, n. [s^loss, and Gr. Xoyo?.] One who 
writes glosses ; a commentator. 

GLOSS-OL'O-GY, n. [gloss, and Gr. Xoyo?.] Glosses or 
commentaries ; explanatory notes. 

GLOSS'Y, a. Smooth and shining ; reflecting lustre from a 
smooth surface ; highly polislied. 

GLOT'TIS, n. [Gr. yXwrra.] The narrow opening at the 
upper part of the aspera arteria or windpipe. 

tGLOUT, v.i. [Scot.] To pout ; to look sullen. Oarth. 


f GLOUT, V. t. To view attentive!}'. 

GL6VE, n. [Sax. glof.] A cover for the hand, or for th^ 
hand and arm, with a separate sheath for each finger.-— 
To throw the glove, with our ancestors, Was to challenge 
to single combat. 

GL 6 VE, V. t.-To cover with a glove Shah. 

GLoV'ER, 71. One whose occupation is to make and sell 
gloves. 

GLoVV, V. i. [Sax. glowan.] 1. To shine with intense heat ; 
or, perhaps more correctly, to shine with a white heat; 
to exliibit incandescence. 2. To burn with vehement 
heat. 3. To feel great heat of body ; to be hot. 4. To 
exhibit a strong bright color; to be red. 5. To be bright 
or red with heat or animation, or with blushes. 6 . To 
feel the heat of passion ; to be ardent ; to be animated. 
7. To burn with intense heat ; to rage ; as passion. 

t GLoVV, V. i. To heat so as to shine. Skak. 

t GIiOW, V. t. To make hot so as to shine. Shah. 

GLoW, 11 . 1. Shining heat, or white heat. 2. Brightness 
of color ; redness. 3. Vehemence of passion. 

GLoVV'ING,p/> 7 *. 1. Shining with intense heat ; white with 
heat. 2. Burning with vehement heat. 3. Exhibiting a 
bright color; red. 4. Ardent; vehement; animated. 5. 
Inflamed. 

GLoVV 'ING-LY, adv. With great brightness ; with ardent 
heat or passion. 

GLoW'WoRM, 77 . The female of the lampyris noctiluca, 
an insect of the order of coleopters. 

GLOZE, v.i. [Sax. glesan.] To flatter; to wheedle; to 
fawn ; to talk smoothly. 

GLOZE over, v. t. To palliate by specious exposition. 

GLOZE, 77 . 1. Flattery ; adulation. Shah. 2. Specious 

show; gloss; [ 065 . See Gloss.] Sidney. 

GLoZ'ER, 77 . A flatterer. Gifford. 

GLoZ'ING, ppr. Flattering; wheedling. 

GLoZ'lNG, 77 . Specious representation. Mountagu. 

GLu'CIN, 77. [Gr. y'XvKvc.] A soft, ^\hite earth or powder 
obtained from the beryl and emerald. 

GLuE, (glu) 11 . [Fr. glu.] Inspissated animal gluten ; a te- 
nacious, viscid matter, which serves as a cement to unite 
other substances. 

GLuE, v. t. [Fr. gluer.] 1. To join with glue or a viscous 
substance. 2. To unite ; to hold together. 

GLuE'BOIL-ER, n. [glue and boil.] One whose occupation 
is to make glue. 

GLuED, pp. United or cemented with glue. 

GLu^ER, 77. One who cements with glue. 

GLU'EY, a. Viscous ; glutinous. 

GLu'EY-NESS. n. The quality of being gluey. 

GLfi'lNG, pp?. Cementing with glue. 

GLuTSII, a. Having the nature of glue. Sherwood. 

GLUM, a. [f?cot. ^^7777777.] Frowning; sullen. [L.u.] 

fGLUM, 77 . Sullehness. 

I GLUM, V. i. [from gloom.] To look sourly ; to be sour of 
countenance. 

GLU-MaCEOUS, a. Having glumes ; consisting of glumes. 
Barton. 

GLUME, 77. [L. gluma.] In botany, the calyx or corol of 
corn and grasses ; the husk or chaff. 

GLUM'MY, a. Dark ; gloomy ; dismal. 

GLOM'OUS, a. A glumcus flower is a kind of aggregate 
flower, with a common glume at the base. 

GLUT, V. i. [L. glutio.] 1. To swallow, or to swallow 
greedily ; to gorge. Milton. 2. To cloy ; to fill beyond 
sufficiency; to sate; to disgust. 3. To feast or deBght 
even to satiety. 4. To fill or furnish beyond sufficiency. 
5. To saturate. 

GLUT, 77 . 1. That which is swallowed. 2. Plenty even to 
loathing. 3. More than enough ; superabundance. 4. Any 
thing that fills or obstructs the passage. 5. A wooden 
wedge. Mew England. 

GLu'TE-AL, a. [Gr. yXouro?.] The gluteal artery is a 
branch of the hypogastric or internal iliac artery. 

GLCf'TEN, 77 . [L.] A tough, elastic substance, of a grayish 
color, found in the flour of wheat and other grain. 2. 
That part of the blood which gives firmness to its texture. 

GLtj'TI-NATE, v. t. To unite with glue ; to cement. 

GLU-TI-Na'TION, 77 . The act of uniting with glue. 

GLu'TI-NA-TIVE, a. Having the quality of cementing; 
tenacious. 

GLU-TI-NOST-TY, n. The quality of being glutinous ; 
viscousness. 

GLu'TI-NOUS, 77 . [L. gluthwsus.] 1. Viscous ; viscid ; te- 
nacious ; havirg the quality of glue ; resembling glue. 
— 2. In botani/, besmeared with a slippery moisture. 

GLu'TI-XOUS-NEgS, n. Viscosity ; viscidity ; the quality 
of glue, tenacity. Cheyne. 

GLUT'TON, fglut'tn) v. ['Lo\v h. glufo ^ Tr. glouton.] 1. 
One who indulges to excess in eating. 2. One eager of 
any thing to excess. — 3. In zoology, an animal of the 
geni7s ursus. 

1 GLin’^TON, V. t. To load ; to glut ; to overfill. Lovelace. 

GLUT'TON-TZE, v. i. To eat to excess ; to eat voraciously ; 
to indulge the appetite to excess. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, D6VE BT;LL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


GO 


380 


GOA 


GLUT'TON-OUS, a, 1. Given to excessive eating. 2. 
Consisting in excessive eating. 

GLUT'TON-OUS-LY, adv. With the voracity of a glutton j 
with excessive eating. 

GLTJT'TOX-Y, n. 1. Excess in eating ; extravagant indul- 
gence of the appetite for food. 2. Luxury of tlie table. 
3. Voracity of appetite. Encyc. 

GLY-€o'NI-AN, i a. [Low L. glyconium.'] Denoting a kind 

GLY-€0N'I€, ^ of verse in Greek and Latin poetry. 

GL YN. See Glen. 

GLYPH, n. [Gr. y\v(pr].'\ In sculpture and architecture^ a 
canal, channel or cavity intended as an ornament. 

GLYPH'IC, 7?. A picture or figure by which a word is im- 
plied. See Hieroglyphic. 

GLYP'TIC, n. The art of engraving figures on precious 
stones. 

G LYP-TO-GRAPHTC, a. [Gr. yXuTrros and ypa<po).] De- 
scribing the methods of engraving on precious stones. 

GLYP-TOG'RA-PHY, ?j. A description of the art of engrav- 
ing on precious stones. 

GNaR, (nar) )v.i. [Ss.x. gnyi-ran, gnornian.] To growl; 

GNARL, (narl) ) to murmur; to snarl. [Onar is nearly 
obsolete.] 

GNARliED, (narld) a. Knotty ; full of knots. 

GNASH, (nash) v. t. [Dan. knasker.] To strike the teeth 
together, as in anger or pain. Dryden. 

GNASH, (nash) v. i. 1. To grind the teeth. 2. To rage 
even to collision with the teeth ; to growl. 

GNASH'ING, (nash'ing) Striking the teeth together, as 
in anger, rage or pain. 

GNASH'ING, (nash'ing) n. A grinding or striking of the 
teeth in rage or anguish. 

GNAT, (nat) n. [Sax. gricct.'] 1. A small insect, or rather a 
genus of insects, the culex. 2. Any thing proverbially 
small. 

t GNA-THON'I-€AL-LY, arf-y. Flatteringly; deceitfully. 

GNAT'FLOW-ER, n. A flower, called also bee-fiower. 

GNAT'SNAP-PER, 71. A bird that catches gnats. 

GNAT Worm, 71. A small water insect produced by a 
gnat ; the larva of a gnat. 

GNAW, (naw) v. t. [Sax. gnagan.] 1. To bite off by little 
and little ; to bite or scrape off with the fore teeth ; to 
wear away by biting. 2. To eat by biting off small por- 
tions of food with the fore teeth. 3. To bite in agony or 
rage. 4. To waste ; to fret ; to corrode. 5. To pick with 
the teeth. 

GNAW, (naw) v. i. To use the teeth in biting. 

GNAWED, (nawd) pp. Bit ; corroded. 

GNAW'ER, (naw'er) n. He or that which gnaws. 

GNAWHNG, (naw'ing) ppr. Biting off by little and little; 
cfuToding ; eating by slow degrees. 

GNe'ISS, (neis) 71. [qu Dan. g-wister.] In mineralogy^ b. 
species of aggregated rock, composed of quartz, feldspar 
and mica. 

fGNOFF, (nof) n. A miser. 

GNOME, (nome) 71. [Gr. yvwprj.] 1. An imaginary being, 
supposed by the cabalists to inhabit the inner parts of the 
earth. jEticj/c. 2. A brief reflection or maxim ; [not used.'] 

GNoM'I-CAL, (no'me-kal) a. Sententious ; containing 
maxims. [Little used.] 

GNOM-I-0-MET'RI-€AL, o. [Gr. ypw/icoi/and pcrpcw.] The 
gnomiometrical telescope and microscope is an instru- 
ment for measuring the angles of crystals. 

GNOM-O-LOGT-GAL, ) rertainm^ to gnomology. 

GNO-MOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. yvo)py and Xoyo?.] A collection 
of maxims, grave sentences or reflections. [Little used.] 

GNo'MON, (no'mon) n. [Gr. yviopiov.] 1. In dialing., the 
style or pin, which by its shadow shows the hour of the 
day. — 2. In astronomy^ a style erected perpendicular to 
the horizon, in order to find the altitude of the sun. 3. 
The gnomon of a globe is the index of the hour-circle. 

GNO-MONTG, \ a. Pertaining to the art of dialing. 

GNO-MONT-GAL, \ Chambers. 

GNO-MON'IGS, 77. The art or science of dialing. 

GNOS'TIG, (noshik) n. [Tu. gnosticus.] The Gnostics were 
a sect of philosophers that arose in the first ages of Chris- 
tianity, who pretended they were the only men who had 
a true knowledge of the Christian religion. 

GNOS'TIG, (nos'tik) a. Pertaining to the Gnostics. 

GNOS'TI-CISAI, (nos'te-sizm) n. The doctrines or system 
of philosophy taught by the Gnostics. 

GNU, 77. A species of antelope, in Southern Africa. 

GO, V. i. ; pret. went ; pp. gone. Went belongs to the root. 
Sax. wendan, a different word. [Sax. gan ; G. gehcn.] 

1. In a general sense, to move ; to pass ; to proceed from 
one place, state or station to another. 2. To walk ; to 
move on the feet, or step by step. 3. To walk leisurely ; 
not to run. 4. To travel ; to journey. .5. To depart ; to 
move from a place. 6. To proceed ; to pass. 7. To 
move ; to pass in any manner or to any end. 8. To 
move or pass customarily from place to place, denoting 
custom or practice. 9. To proceed from one state or 


opinion to another ; to change. 10. To proceed in mental 
operations ; to advance ; to penetrate. 11. To proceed or 
advance in accomplishing an end. 12. To apply ; to be 
applicable. 13. To apply one’s self. 14. To have re- 
course to. 15. To be about to do. 16. To pass ; to be 
accounted in value. 17. To circulate ; to pass in report. 
18. To pass ; to be received ; to lie accounted or under- 
stood to be. 19. To move, or be in motion. 20. To 
move as a fluid; to flow. 21. To have a tendency. 22. 
To be ill compact or partnership. 23. To be guided or 
regulated ; to proceed by some principle or rule. 24. To 
be pregnant. 25. To pass ; to be alienated in payment or 
exchange. 26. To be loosed or released ; to be freed from 
restraint. 27. To be expended. 28. To extend ; to reach. 
29. To extend or lead in any direction. 30. To proceed ; 
to extend. 31 . To have effect ; to extend in effect ; to avail ; 
to be of force or value. 32. To extend in meaning or pur- 
port. 33. To have a currency or use, as custom, opinion 
or manners. 34. To contribute ; to conduce ; to concur ; 
to be an ingredient. 35. To proceed ; to be carried on. 

36. To proceed to final issue ; to terminate ; to succeed. 

37. To proceed in a train, or in consequences. 38. To 
fare ; to be in a good or ill state. 39. To have a tendency 
or effect ; to operate. 

'Fo go about. 1 . To set one’s self to a business ; to attempt ; 
to endeavor. — 2. In seamen’s language, to tack ; to turn 
the head of a sliip. — To go abroad. 1. To walk out of a 
house. 2. To be uttered, disclosed or published. — To go 
against. 1. To invade ; to march to attack. 2. To be m 
opposition ; to be disagreeable. — To go aside. 1. To with- 
draw ; to retire into a private situation. 2. To err ; to de- 
viate from the right way. — To go astray, to wander; to 
break from an inclosure , also, to leave tJie right course ; 
to depart from law or rule ; to sin ; to transgress. — To go 
away, to depart ; to go to a distance. — To go between, to 
interpose ; to mediate ; to attempt to reconcile or to adjust 
differences. — To go by. 1. To pass near and beyond. 2. 
To pass away unnoticed ; to omit. 3. To find or get in 
the conclusion. — To go dozen. 1. To descend in any man- 
ner. 2. To fail ; to come to nothing. 3. To be swallow- 
ed or received, not rejected. — To go forth, to issue or de- 
part out of a place. — To go forward, to advance. — To go 
hard with, to be in danger of a fatal issue ; to have ditfi- 
• culty to escape. — To go in, to enter. — To go 'in to, to have 
sexual commerce with. — To go in and out. 1. To do the 
business of life. 2. To go freely ; to be at liberty. — To go 
off. 1. To depart to a distance ; to leave a place or station. 

2. To die ; to decease. 3. To be discharged, as fire-arms ; 
to explode. — To go on. 1. To proceed ; to advance for- 
ward. 2. To be put on, as a garment. — To go out. 1. To 
issue forth ; to depart from. 2. To go on an expedition. 

3. To become extinct, as light or life ; to expire. 4. To 
become public. — To go over. 1. To read ; to peruse ; to 
study. 2. To examine ; to view or review. 3. To think 
over ; to proceed or pass in mental operation. 4. To 
change sides ; to pa.ss from one party to another. 5. To 
revolt. 6. To pass from one side to the other, as of a river. 

— To go through. 1. To pass in a substance. 2. To exe- 
cute; To accomplish; to perform thoroughly; to finish. 
3. To suffer ; to bear ; to undergo ; to sustain to the end. 

— To go through zoith, to execute effectually. — To go un- 
der, to be talked of or known, as by a title or name. — To 
go up, to ascend ; to rise. — To go upon, to proceed as on a 
foundation ; to take as a principle supposed or settled. — 
To go loith. 1. To accompany ; to pass with others. 2. 
To side with ; to be in party or design with. — To go ill 
with, to have ill fortune ; not to prosper. — To go zoell irith, 
to have good fortune ; to prosper. — To go without, to be or 
remain destitute. — Go to, come, move, begin ; a phrase of 
exhortation ; also a phrase of scornful exhortation. 

Go'-BE-TWEEN, n. An interposer ; one who transacts 
business between parties. Shak. 

Go'-BY, n. 1. Evasion ; escape by artifice. 2. A passing 
without notice ; a thrusting away ; a shifting off*. 

Go'-GART, 77. A machine with wheels, in which children 
learn to walk without danger of falling. 

GoAD, 77. [Sax. A pointed instrument used to stim- 

ulate a beast to move faster. 

GoAD, V. t. 1. To prick ; to drive with a goad. 2. To in- 
cite ; to stimulate ; to instigate ; to urge forward. 

GoAD'ED, pp. Pricked ; pushed on by a goad ; insti- 
gated. 

GoAD'TNG, ppr. Pricking ; driving with a goad ; inciting ; 
urging on ; rousing. 

Goal, 77. [Tr. gaule.] 1. The point set to bound a race, 
and to which racers run ; the mark. 2. Any starting post. 
3. The end or final purpose ; the end aimed at. 

GoAR, 71. More usually gore, which see. 

fGoARTSH, a. Patched ; mean. Beaumont. 

Go AT, 77. [Sax. geet ; D. geit.] An animal or quadruped of 
the genus capra. 

GoAT'-BEARD, n. See Goat’s-beard. 

GoAT'-CHAF-FER, n. An insect, a kind of beetle. 

GoAT'FISH, 77. A fish of the Mediterranean. 


* See Synoiysis. A, E, I, O, tJ, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — f Obsolete. 


GOE 381 GOL 


G^AT'HERD, n. One whose occupation is to tend goats. 
Speiiser. 

G5AT'ISH, a. 1. Resembling a goat in any quality j of a 
rank smell. More. 2. Lustful. Shak. 

GoAT-INIAR'JO-R AIM, n. Goat-beard. 

GoAT'-MILK-ER, n. A kind of owl, so called from suck- 
ing goats. Bailey. 

g6aT’S'-BEARD, n. In botany^ a plant of the genus trago- 
poffon. 

GoAT'SKTN, 71. The skin of a goat. Pope. 

GoAT’S'-RuE, n. A plant of the genus galcga. 

GoAT’S'-STONES, 71. The greater goaVs-stoncs is the sa- 
tyriam ; the lesser, the orchis. 

GoAT’S'-THORN, n. A plant of the genus astragalus. 

GoAT'-SU€K-ER, n. In ornit/iulvgy, a fowl of the genus 
caprimulgus, so called from the opinion that it would suck 
goats. 

GOB, 71. [Fr. gobe ; W. o-o6.] A little mass or collection ; a 
mouthful. iJi low word.^ 

GOB'BET, n. [Fr. gobe.'] A mouthful ; a lump. 

GOB'BET, V. t. To swallow in large masses or mouthfuls. 
\Ji low word.] L^Estravge. 

f GOB'BET-L\, adv. In pieces. Huloet. 

GOB'BLE, V. t. [Fr. gober.] To swallow in large pieces; to 
swallow hastily. Swift. 

GOB'BLE, V. i. To make a noise in the throat, as a turkey. 
Prior. 

tGOB'BLE-GUT, n. A greedy feeder. Sherwood. 

GOB'BLER, n. 1. One who swallows in haste ; a greedy 
eater ; a gormandizer. 2. A name sometimes given to 
the turkey cock. 

GOB'LET, n. [Fr. gobelet.] A kind of cup or drinking ves- 
sel without a handle. 

GOB'LIN, n. [Fr. gobelin.] 1. An evil spirit ; a walking 
spirit ; a frightful phantom. 2. x\ fairy ; an elf. 

GOD, 71. [Sax. god ; G. gott ; D. god ; Sw. and Dan. gud ; 
Goth, goth, or giith.] 1. The Supreme Being ; Jehovah ; 
the Eternal and Infinite Spirit, the Creator, and the Sove- 
reign of the universe. 2. A false god ; a heathen deity ; 
an idol. 3. A prince ; a ruler ; a magistrate or judge ; an 
angel. 4. Any person or thing exalted too much in esti- 
mation, or deified and honored as the chief good. 

[GOD, V. t. To deify. Shak. 

GOD'CniLD, 77. One for whom a person becomes sponsor at 
baptism, and promises to see educated as a Christian. 

GOD'DAUGH-TER, n. A female for whom one becomes 
sponsor at baptism. 

GOD'DESS, 77. 1. A female deity ; a heathen deity of the 
female sex. — 2. In the language of love, a woman of su- 
perior charms or excellence. 

GOD'DESS-LTKE, a. Resembling a goddess. 

GODTA-TBER, n. [Sax. god and fwder.] The man who is 
sponsor for a child at baptism. 

GOD'FA-THER, v. t. To act as godfather. Burke. 

GODTIEAD, fgodfiied) n. [god, and Sax. hade.] l.Godship ; 
deity ; divinity ; divine nature or essence. Milton. 2. A 
deity in person ; a god or goddess. 

GOD'LESS, a. 1. Having no reverence for God; impious; 
ungodly ; irreligious ; wicked. 2. Atheistical ; having no 
belief in the existence of God. Milton. 

GOD'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being impious. 

GOD'LlKE, a. 1. Resembling God ; divine. 2. Resembling 
a deity, or heathen divinity. 3. Of superior excellence. 

GOD^Ll-LY, arfy. Piously; righteously. H. Wharton. 

GOD'LT-NESS, n. 1. Piety ; belief in God, and reverence 
for his character and laws. 2. A religious life. 3. Reve- 
lation ; the system of Christianity. 

GOD'LING, n. A little deity ; a diminutive god. 

GOD'LY, a. [god-like.] 1. Pious ; reverencing God, and 
his character and laws. 2. Living in obedience to God’s 
commands ; religious ; righteous. 3. Pious ; conformed 
to God’s law. 

GOD'IvY, adv. Piously ; righteously. 

I GOD'LY-HEAD, n. [Sax. ^oTZ.and head.] Goodness. Spen- 
ser. 


GOD'M6TH-ER, n. [god and mother.] A woman who be- 
comes sponsor for a child in baptism. 

GOD'SHIP, 7>. Deity ; divinity ; the rank of a god. 

GOD'SMITH, 77. A maker of idols. Dryden. 

GOD'SoN, 77. [Sax. godsiinu.] One for whom another has 
been sponsor at the font. 

GOD SPEED, 77. Good speed, that is, success. 2 John, 10. 

GOD’J^'-PEN-NY. 77. An earnest-penny. Beaumont. 

GOD'WARD. Toward God. [An ill-formed word.] 

GOD'WIT', 77. A fowl of the grallic order. 

t GOD' YE ED, ) ; A ♦ 1 C7 T 

[GOD'YIeLD I of thanks. Shak. 

f Go'EL, a. [Sax. jrea?e7r.] Yellow. Tusser. 

fGo'EN, part. pret. of go, formerly so written. 

G5'ER, 71. 1. One that goes ; a runner or walker. 2. One 
that transacts business between parties. 3. A foot. 4. A 
term applied to a horse ; as, a good goer. Beaumont. 

|Go'E-TY, 77. [Gr. yoyrtia.] Invocation of evil spirits. 


f GOFF, 71. [qu. W. gofol.] A foolish clown ; also, a game. 
See Golf. 

t GOFF'ISII, a. Foolish ; stupid. Chaucer. 

GOG, 77. ['^•gog. Sec Agoq.] Haste; ardent desire to 
go. Beaumont. 

GOG'GLE, v.i. [W . gogclu.] To strain or roll the eyes. 
Hudibras. 

GOG'GLE, a. Having full eyes ; staring. B. Jonson. 

GOG'GLE, 77. A strained or affected rolling of the eye. 

GOG'GLED, a. Prominent ; staring, as the eye. 

GOG'GLE-EYE, n. A rolling or staring eye. 

GOG'GLE-E^ED, a. Having prominent, distorted or rolling 
eyes. Ascliarn. 

GOG'GLES, 77. plu. [W. gogelu.] 1. In surgery, instru- 
ments used to cure squintirig, or the distortion of the eyes 
which occasions it. 2. Cylindrical tubes, in which are 
fixed glasses for defending the eyes from cold, dust, &c. 
3. Blinds for horses that are apt to take fright. 

Go'ING,j7pr. Moving; walking; traveling; turning; roll- 
ing ; flying ; sailing, &c. 

Go'lNG, 77. 1. The act of moving. 2. The act of walking. 
3. Departure. 4. Pregnancy. 5. Procedure ; way ; course 
of life; behavior; deportment. C. Procedure; course of 
providential agency or government. 

GOI'TRE, ) 77. [Fr. goitre.] The bronchocele ; a large tu- 

GOIT'ER, I mor that forms gradually on the human 
throat between the trachea and the skin. 

GOIT'ROUS, a. [Fr. goitreuz.] 1. Pertaining to the goitre ; 
partaking of the nature of bronchocele. 2. Affected wjth 
bronchocele. 

Go'IiA, 77. In architecture, the same as cymaiium. 

* Gold, n. [Sax., G. <ToZ(Z.] 1. A precious metal of a 
bright yellow color, the most ductile and malleable of 
all tlie metals, and the heaviest except platina. 2. Money. 

3. Something pleasing or valuable. 4. A bright yellow 
color. 5. Riches ; wealth. — Oold of pleasure, a plant of 
the genus myagrum. 

Gold, a. Made of gold ; consisting of gold. 

GoLD'BeAT-EN, a. Gilded. [Little used.] 

GoLD'BeAT-ER, 77. One whose occupation is to beat or 
foliate gold for gilding. Boyle. — Goldbeater^s skin, the m- 
testinum rectum of an ox, which goldbeaters lay between 
the leaves of the metal while they beat it, whereby the 
membrane is reduced very thin, and made fit to be appli- 
ed to cuts and fresh wounds. 

GoLD'BCHJND, a. Encompassed with gold. Shak. 

Gold GoAST, ??. in geography, a part of the coast of 
Guinea, in Africa, where gold is found. 

GoLD'EN, (gol'dn) a. 1. Made of gold ; consisting of gold. 
2. Bright ; shining ; splendid. 3. Yellow ; of a gold color. 

4. Excellent ; most valuable. 5. Happy ; pure ; as, the 
golden age. 6. Preeminently favorable or auspicious. — 
Golden number, in chronology, a number showing the 
year of the moon’s cycle. — Golden mile, in arithmetic, the 
rule of three, or rule of proportion. 

GoLD'EN-GUPS, n. A plant, the ranunculus. 

GoLD'EN-LUNGEWORT, 77. A plant. 

fGoLD'EN-LY, adv. Splendidly ; delightfully. Shak. 

GoLD'EN-iMAID'EN-HAIR, 77. A plant. 

GoLD'EN-MOUSE'-eAR, 77. A plant. 

GoLD'EN-ROD, v. A plant, the solidago. 

GoLD'EN-ROD'-TREE, 77. A plant, the bosea. 

GoLD'EN-SAM'PHIRE, 77. A plant. 

GoLD'EN-SAX'I-FRAGE, 77. A plant. 

GoLD'EN-THIS'TLE, n. A plant. 

GoLD'FINGH, 77. [Sax. goldfinc.] The fringilla carduelis, 
a bird so named from the color of its wings. 

GoLD'-FIND-ER, n. One who finds gold ; one who emp- 
ties jakes. [JV'bt much used.] Swift. 

GoLD'FISH, or GoLD'EN-FlSH, n. A fish of the genus cy- 
prinus, of the size of a pilchard. 

GoLD'-HAM-MER, 77. A kind of bird. Diet. 

GoLD'-HTLT-ED, a. Having a golden hilt. 

GoLD'ING, 77. A sort of apple. Diet. 

GoLD'LAGE, n. A lace wrought with gold. 

GoLD'LaGED, a. Trimmed with gold lace. 

GoLD'LeAF, 77. Gold beaten into a thin leaf. 

GoLD'NEY, 77. A fish, the gilthead. Diet. 

GoLD'-PLEAS-URE, for gold of pleasxire, a plant. 

GoLD'-PROOF, a. Proof aigainst bribery. 

GoLD'-STZE, 77. A size or glue for burnishing gilding. 

GoLD'SMITH, n. 1. An artisan who manufactures vessels 
and ornaments of gold and silver. 2. A banker. 

GoLD'THREAD, n. 1. A thread formed of flatted gold laid 
over a thread of silk. 2. A plant, the helleborus trifolius, 
so called from its fibrous yellow roots. U. States. 

GoLD'WIRE, 77. An ingot of silver, superficially covered 
with gold, and drawn through small holes. 

GoLD'Y-LOGKS, n. A name given to certain plants. 

GOLF, 77. [D. kolf.] A game with ball and bat, in which 
he who drives the ball into a hole with the fewest strokes 
is the winner. 

fGOLL, 77. [Gr. yvaXov.] Hands; paws; claws. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


GOO 


382 


GOR 


GrO-L6E'-SHOE, n. An over-shoe j a shoe worn over an- 
other to keep the foot dry. 

GO-LoRE', a. [Irish) gleire.] Abundance. 

If GOM, /r. [c5ax. gum ; Goth, guma,] A man. 
f Go'AlAN, n. A man. Whiter. 

GOME, V. The black grease of a cart-wheel, probably a cor- 
ruption of coom. 

GOM-PHo'SlS, n. [Gr. yo^0w<rt?.] A particular form of ar- 
ticulation ; the connection of a tooth to its socket. Wise- 
man. 

GON'DO-LA, [It. ; Fr. gondole.] A flat-bottomed boat, 
very long and narrow, used at Venice in Italy, on the ca- 
nals. 

GOi\-DO-LIkR', n. A man who rows a gondola. 

GONE, (pronounced, nearly, gawn.)pp. of go. ]. Departed. 
2. Advanced ; forward in progress. 3. Ruined ; undone. 
4. Past ; sometimes with by. 5. Lost. 6. Departed from 
life 5 deceased j dead. 

GON'FA-LON, ) n. (gonfanon, Chaucer ; Fr. gonfalon.'\ 
t GON'FA-NON, j An ensign or standaid ; colors, 
f GON-FAL-O-NIeR', 71. A chief standard-bearer. 

GONG, n. [Sax. gang.] 1. A privy or jakes ; [o6s.] Chau- 
cer. 2. An instrument made of brass, of a circular form, 
which the Asiatics strike with a wooden mallet. Todd. 
GO-NT-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ytavia and perpov.] An instru- 
ment for measuring solid angles. 

GO-NI-O-MET'RI-GAL, a. Pertaining to a goniometer. 
GON-OR-RHe'A, n. [Gr. yovog and p£w.] A morbid dis- 
charge in venereal complaints. 

GOOD, a. [Sax. god, or good ,* Goth, goda, gods, goth ; G. 
gut D. goed ; Sw. and Dan. god.] 1. Valid ; legally 
firm ; not weak or defective. 2. Valid ; sound ; not 
weak, false or fallacious. 3. Complete or sufficiently 
perfect in its kind ; having the physical qualities best 
adapted to its design and use ; opposed to bad, imperfect, 
corriipted, impaired. 4. Having moral qualities best adapt- 
ed to its design and us* or the qualities which God’s law 
requires ; virtuous ; pious ; religious. 5. Conformable to 
tlie moral law ; virtuous. 6. Proper ; fit ; convenient ; 
seasonable ; well adapted to the end. 7. Convenient ; 
useful ; expedient ; conducive to happiness. 8. Sound ; 
perfect; uncorrupted ; undamaged. 9. Suitable to the 
taste or to health ; wholesome ; salubrious ; palatable ; 
not disagreeable or noxious. 10. Suited to produce a sal- 
utary effect ; adapted to abate or cure ; medicinal ; salu- 
tary ; beneficial. 11. Suited to strengthen or assist the 
healthful functions. 12. Pleasant to the taste. 13. Full ; 
comjdete. 14. Useful ; valuable ; having qualities or a 
tendency to produce a good effect. I.*). Equal ; adequate ; 
competent. 16. Favorable ; convenient for any purpose. 
17. Convenient ; suitable ; safe. 18. Well qualified ; able ; 
skillful. 19. Ready; dextrous. 20. Kind; benevolent; 
affectionate. 21. Kind; affectionate; faithffil. 22. Pro- 
motive of happiness ; pleasant ; agreeable ; cheering ; 
gratifying. 23. Pleasant or prosperous. 24. Honorable ; 
fair ; unblemished ; unimpeached. 25. Cheerful ; fiivor- 
able to liappiness. 26. Great or considerable ; not small 
nor very great. 27. Elegant ; polite. 28. Real ; serious ; 
not feigned. 29. Kmd ; favorable ; benevolent ; humane. 
30. Benevolent ; merciful ; gracious. 31. Reasonable ; 
commendable ; proper. .32. Pleasant ; cheerful ; festive. 
33. Companionable ; social ; merry. 34. Brave ; in fa- 
miliar language. 35. Tn the phrases, the good man, ap- 
plied to the master of the house, and good woman, appli- 
ed to the mistress, good sometimes expresses a moderate 
degree of respect, and sometimes slight contempt. 36. 
The phrase good will is equivalent to benevolence ; but 
it signifies, also, an earnest desire, or a hearty wish. 37. 
Comely; handsome ; well formed. 38. Mild; pleasant. 
39. Mild ; calm ; not irritable. 40. Kind ; friendly ; hu- 
mane. 

Good adnice, wise and prudent counsel. — Good heed, great 
care ; due caution. — In good sooth, in good truth ; in real- 
ity ; [ 0 / 7 . 7 .] — To make good. 1. To perform ; to fulfill. 2. To 
confirm or establish ; to prove ; to verify. 3. To supply de- 
ficiency ; to make up a defect or loss. 4. To indemnify ; to 
give an equivalent for damages. 5. To maintain ; to carry 
into effect. — To stand good, to be firm or valid. — To think 
good, to see good, is to be pleased or satisfied ; to think to 
be expedient. — ds good as, equally ; no better than ; the 
same as . — ds good as his icord, equaling in fulfillment 
what was promised ; performing to the extent. 

GOOD, n. J. That which contributes to diminish or remove 
pain, or to increase happiness or prosperity ; benefit ; ad- 
vantage. 2. Welfare ; prosperity ; advancement of inter- 
est or happiness. 3. Spiritual advantage or improvement. 
4. Earnest ; not jest. 5. Moral works. 6. Moral quali- 
ties ; virtue ; righteousness. 7. The best fruits ; richness ; 
abundance. 

f GOOD, V. t. To manure. Hall. 

GOOD, adv. Jis good, as well ; with equal advantage ; as, 
had you not as good (in America, as goods) go with me ? 
GOOD, interj. Well ! right ! 


GOOD-BREEDTNG, n. Polite manners, formed by a good 
education ; a polite education. 

GOOD-BY. See By. 

GOOD-CUN-Di <T10NED, a. Being in a good state ; hav- 
ing good qualities or favorable symptoms. 

f GOOD'DEN, ady. A form of wishing; a contraction of 
good-dayen, the Saxon plural of day. 

GOOD-FEL'LOVV, n. A jolly companion. 
GOOD-FEL'LoW', v. t. To make a jolly companion ; to 
besot, [Little used.] 

GOOD-FEL'LoW-SHIP, n. Merry society. 
g06D-FRI'DAY, n. A fast of the Christian church, in 
memory of our Savior’s sufferings. 

GOOD-Hu'MOR, 7J. A cheerful temper or state of mind. 
GOOD-FIu^MORED, a. Being of a cheerful temper. 
GOOD-HO'MORED-LY, adv. With a cheerful temper; in 
a cheerful way. 

GOODHNG, n. A custom by women only, who ask alms, 
and in return wish all that is good. 

GOOD-MAN'NERS, n. Propriety of behavior; politeness ; 
decorum. 

GOOD-NaT'URE, 71. Natural mildness and kindness of 
disposition. 

GOOD-Na'UURED, a. Naturally mild in temper ; not easi- 
ly provoked. 

GOOD-NaT'URED-LY, adv. With mildness of temper. 
G06D-NOW, 1. An exclamation of wonder or surprise. 

2.’ An exclamation of entreaty ; [not used.] Shak. 
GOOD'-SPEED, 71 . Good success. Sec Steed. 
G(^D'-WIFE, n. The mistress of a family. Burton. 

GOOD -WILL, 77. Benevolence. 
g60D-WOM'AN, n. Tlie mistress of a family, 
t (iOOD'LESS, a. Having no goods. Chaucer. 
GOOD'LI-NESS, n. Beauty of form ; grace; elegance. 
GOOD'LY, adv. Excellently. Spenser. 

G60D'LY, a. 1. Being of a handsome form; beautiful; 
graceful. 2. Pleasant ; agreeable ; desirable. 3. Bulky ; 
swelling ; affectedly turgid ; [oZ/s.] 
t GOOD'LY-HEAD, 71. Goodness; grace. Spenser. 
GOODMAN, n. 1. A familiar appellation of civility; 
sojvetimes 2 ised ironically. 2. A rustic term of compli- 
ment. 3. A familiar appellation of a husband ; also, the 
master of a family. 

GOOD'NESS, 77. 1. The state of being good ; the physical 
qualities which constitute value, excellence or perfection. 
2. The moral qualities which constitute Christian excel- 
lence ; moral virtue ; religion. 3. Kindness ; benevolence ; 
benignity of heart ; but more generally, acts of kindness ; 
charity ; humanity exercised. 4. Kindness ; benevolence 
of nature ; mercy. 5. Kindness ; favor shown ; acts of 
benevolence, compassion or mercy. 

GOODR, n. pill. 1. Movables; household furniture. 2. 
Personal or movable estate. 3. Wares ; merchandise ; 
commodities bought and sold by merchants and traders. 
fGOOD'SHIP, n. Favor ; grace. 

GOOD'Y, 71. [qu. goodwife.] A low term of civility. 
GOOD'Y-SHIP, n. The state or quality of a goody. 
g6oG'INGS, or GOOD'INGS, n. In seamen’s language, 
cliimps of iron bolted on the stern-post of a ship, whereon . 
to hang the rudder. 

GOOS'AN-DER, n. A migratory fowl. 

GOOSE, (goos) n. ,* plu. Geese. [Sax. 1. A well- 

known aquatic fowl of the genus anas ; but the domestic 
goose lives chiefly on land, and feeds on grass. 2. A 
tailor’s smoothing iron. 

GOOSE'BER-RY, (goos ber-ry) n. [D. kruisbes ; Tu. grossula. 
The English word is undoubtedly corrupted from cross- 
berry, grossberry, or gorseberry.] The fruit of a shrub, 
and the shrub itself, tlie ribes grossularia. 

GOOSE'CAP, (goos'kap) 77 . A silly person. Beaumont. 
GOOSE'FOOT, (goos'fut) 77. A plant. 

GOOSE'GRaSS, (goos'grass) n. A plant. 

GOOSE'NEGK, (goos'rieck) n. In a ship, a piece of iron fixed 
on one end of the tiller. 

GOOSE'OUILL, (goos'quil) n. The large feather or quill of 
a goose ; or a pen made w ith it. 

GOOSE'ToNGUE, (goos'tung) n. A plant. 

GOOSE'WING, (goos'wing) n. In seamen’s language, a sail 
set on a boom on the lee side of a ship. 
fGOP'PISH, a. Proud ; pettish. Ray. 

GOR'-BEL-LTED, a. Big-bellied. Shak. 
t GOR/-BEL-LY, n. A prominent belly. 

{gorge, 77. [Norm. Fr. ^177-5.] A pool of water to keep 
fish in ; a wear. 

GOR'-GOGK, 77. The moor cock, red-grouse. 

GOR'-€RoW, n. The carrion-crow. Johnson. 

GORD, 77. An instrument of gaming. 

GORDT-AN, a. Intricate. — Oordian knot, in antiquity, a 
knot in the leather or harness of Gordius, a king of 
Phrygia, so very intricate, that there was no finding 
where it began or ended. 

GORE, 77. [Rax. jrror.] 1. Blood; but generally, thick or 
clotted blood. 2. Dirt ; mud ; [umisual.] 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 6, C, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete. 


GOS 383 GOV 


GORE, n. [Scot, gore, or o-air.J 1. A wedge-shaped or tri- 
angular piece of cloth sewed into a garment to widen it in 
any part. 2. A slip or triangular piece of land. — 3. In 
heraldry^ an abatement denoting a coward. 

GORE, V. t. [VV. 1. To stab; to pierce; to pene- 

trate with a pointed instrument, as a spear. 2. To pierce 
with the point of a horn. 

Gored, pp. stabbed ; pierced with a pcinted instru- 
ment. 

GORGE, (gorj) n. [Fr. frorge^ It. gorga.'^ 1. The throat ; 
the gullet ; the canal of the neck by which food passes to 
the stomach. — 2. In architecture^ the narrowest part of 
tiie Tuscan and Doric capitals. — 3. In forttjicatiouy tlie 
entrance of tlie platform of any work. 4. That which is 
gorged or swallowed. 

GOROE, (gorj) V. t. 1. To swallow; to swallow with 
greediness. 2. To glut ; to fill the throat or stomach ; to 
satiate. 

GORGE, V. i. To feed. Jfilton. 

Gorged, pp. Swallowed ; glutted. 

Gorged, a. l. Having a gorge or throat. — 2. In heraldry, 
bearing a crown or the like about the neck. 

GOR'GEOUS, a. Showy ; fine ; splendid ; glittering with 
gay colors. 

GOR'GEOUS-LY, adv. With showy magnificence ; splen- 
didly ; finely. 

GOR'GEOUS-XESS, 71. Show of dress or ornament ; splen- 
dor of raiment. 

GOR^GET, n. [Fr. gorgette.] 1. A piece of armor for de- 
fending the throat or lieck ; a kind of breast-plate like a 
half moon. 2. Formerly, a ruff worn by females. — 3. In 
surgery, gorget, or gorgeret, is a cutting instrument used 
in litliotomy. 

GORGING, ppr. Swallowing; eating greedily ; glutting. 

GOR'GON, V. rGr."] 1. A fabled monster of terrific aspect, 
the sight of which turned the beholder to stone. 2. Any 
thing very ugly or horrid. 

GOR'GON, a. Like a gorgon ; very ugly or terrific. 

GOR-GchVE-AN, ) a. Like a gorgon ; pertaining to gor- 

GOR-Go'NI-AN, ) gons. Milton. 

GOR'-HEN, n. The female of the gor-cock. 

GoR'ING, 27pr. [from ^ore.] Stabbing; piercing. 

GoR'ING, ??. A pricking ; puncture. Dryden. 

GOR'MAND, ) V. [Fr. gourmand ; W. gormant.] A 

GOR'MAND-ER, ) greedy or ravenous eater ; a glut- 
ton. 

GOR'MAX-DTZE, v. i. To eat greedily ; to swallow vora- 
ciously. Shah. 

t GOREU AN-DTZE, ?i. Voraciousness. 

GOROIAN-DTZ-ER, n., A greedy, voracious eater. 

GORh\IAN-DTZ-lNG, ppr. Eating greedily and voraciously. 

GORSE, [Sax. 4 >- erst.] Furz, or whin, a thick, prickly 

GORSS, ) shrub, of the genus ulez. 

GoR'Y, a. 1. Covered with congealed or clotted blood. 2. 
Bloody ; murderous. Shah. 

GOSTIAWK, n. [Sax. goshafoc.] A voracious fowl. 

GOS'LilNiG, V. [Sax. gos and ling.] 1. A young goose ; a 
goose not full grown. 2. A catkin on nut-trees and 
pines. 

GOS'PEL, 77. [Sax. gcdipe.ll ; god, good, and spell, history.] 

1. The history of the birth, life, actions, death, resurrec- 
tion, ascension and doctrines of Jesus Christ ; ora revela- 
tion of the grace of God to fallen man through a Mediator. 

2. God’s word. 3. Divinity ; theology. 4. Any general 
doctrine. 

GOS'PEL, r. L To instruct in the gospel; or to fill with 
sentiments of religion. Shah. 

GOS'PEL-GOS-SIP, 77. One who is over-zealous in running 
about among his neiglibors to lecture on religious subjects. 
Addison . 

GOS'PEL-LA-RY, a. Theological. The Cloak in its Colors. 

GOS'PEL-IZE, V. t. 1. To fbrm according to the gospel. 
Milton. 2. To instruct in the gospel ; to evangelize. 

GOS'PEL-TZED, pp. Instructed in the Christian religion. 

GOS'PETj-iZ-IXG, ppr. Evangelizing ; instructing in the 
Christian religion. F.. Stiles. 

GOS'PEL-LER, v. 1. An evangelist ; also, a follower of 
Wickliffe. 2. He who reads the Gospel at the altar. 

GOSS, 7t. A kind of low furz or gors. Shak. 

GOS'SA-MER, 77. [L. gossipiam .] A fine, filmy substance, 
like cobwebs, floating in the air, in calm, clear weather, 
especially in autumn. 

GOS'SA-;MER-Y, a. Like gossamer; flimsy; unsubstantial. 
Pursuits of Literature. 

GOS'SIP, 77. [Fax. godsibh.] 1. A sponsor; one who an- 
swers for a child in baptism ; a godfather ; [o^5.] 2. A 
tippling companion. 3. One who runs fi-om house to 
house, tattling and telling news ; an idle tattler. 4. A 
friend or neighbor ; [o/isr.] 5. Mere tattle ; idle talk. 

GOF'SIP, y.?. 1. 7’o prate ; to chat ; to talk much. 2. To 
be a pot-companion. 3. To run about and tattle; to tell- 
idle tales. 

GOSFIP-ING, ppr. Prating; chatting; running from place 
to place and tattling. 


GOS'STP-ING, n. A prating ; a running about to collect tales# 
and tattle. 

[GOSSIP-RED, 77,. Compaternity ; spiritual affinity, ioi 
which a juror might be challenged. 

|GOS-SOOi\', n. [Fr. gavgon.] A boy ; a seivant. 

GOS^TING, 71. An herb. Jiinsworth. 

GOT, pret. of get. The old preterit gat, pronounced got, is 
nearly obsolete. 

GOT, and GOT'TEN, pp. of get. 

GOTE, n. A water passage ; "a channel for water. Grose. 

GOTH, 77. 1. One of an ancient and distinguished tribe or 
nation, which inhabited Scandinavia. 2. One rude or 
uncivilized ; a barbarian. 3. A rude, ignorant person. 

Go'THAM-IST, 71. A person deficient in wisdom, so called 
from Gotham in Nottinghamshire, noted for some pleas- 
ant blunders. Bp. Morton. 

GOTH'iC, a. 1. Pertaining to the Goths. 2. Rude; an- 
cient. 3. Barbarous. 

GOTH'IG, 77 . The language of the Goths. 

GOTIPl-CISM, n. L Rudeness of nmnners ; barbarousness. 
2. A Gothic idiom. 3. Conformity to the Gothic style of 
building. 

GO'J’H'I-CIZE, V, t. To make Gothic ; to bring back to bar- 
barism. Strutt. 

1 GOUD, 77. Woad. 

GOUGE, (gouj) 77. [Fr. gouge.] A round, hollow chisel, 
used to cut holes, channels or grooves in wood or stone. 
Moron. 

GOUGE, fgouj) V. t. 1. To scoop out with a gouge. 2. To 
force out the eye of a person with the thumb or finger ; a 
barbarous practice. 

GoU'JEERS, /?. [Fr. go7ige, a camp trull.] The French 
disease. Shak. 

GO‘^ L'AND, 77. A plant or flower. B. Jonsoii. 

GOUIJARD’S EX'TRAGT. [So called from the inventor.] 
A saturated solution of tJie Wbacetate of lead, used as a 
rfunedy for inflammation. 

'^'GoURD, 77. [Fr. courge.] A plant and its fruit. 

GoIJRD'I-NESS, 77. A swelling on a horse’s leg. 

CoURD'Y, a. Swelled in the legs. 

GoURD^-TREE, ??. A tree, the crescentia. 

GOUR'MAND. SeeGoRMA.No. 

GOUR'NET, 77. A fish. 

GOUT, 77. [Fr. gcuttc.] 1. Tlie arthritis, a painful disease 
of the small joints, but sometimes affecting the stomach. 
It is often periodical or intermitting. 2. A drop , [not 
tised.] 

GOUT, (goo) 77. [Fr., from L. gnsfus.] Taste ; relish. 

GOUTT-NESS, n. The stale of being subject to the gout ; 
gouty affections. 

GOUT'SWELLED, a. Swelled with the gout. 

GOU'’J’''W6RT, 77. A plant, the zgopodium. 

GOUT'Y, a. 1. Diseased with the gout, or subject to the 
gout. 2. Pertaining to the gout. 3. Swelled ; boggy ; 
[ 77 / 7 . 9 .] 

GOVE, 77 . A mow. Tusser. 

GOVE, V. t. To mow ; to put in a gove, goff or mow, 
Tnsser. 

GoV'ERN, V. t. [Fr. gouverner.] 1. To direct and control, 
as the actions or conduct of men ; to regulate by authori- 
ty ; to keep within the limits prescribed. 2. To regulate; 
to influence ; to direct. 3. To control ; to rCvStrain ; to 
keep in due subjection. 4. To direct ; to steer ; to regu- 
late the course or motion of a ship. — 5. In grammar, to 
reipiire to be in a particular case. 

GoV'ERN, V. i. 1. To exercise authority ; to administer the 
laws. 2. To maintain the superiority ; to have the 
control. 

G6V'ERN-A-BLE, a. That may be governed, or subjected 
to authority ; controllable ; manageable ; obedient ; sub- 
missive to law or rule. Locke. 

GoV'ERN-ANCE, v. Government; exercise of authority; 
direction ; control ; management. Shak. 

G6V'ERN-ANT, v. [Fr. gouce7~navtc.] A lady who has 
the care and management of young females ; a govern- 
ess. 

Governed, pp. Directed ; regulated by authority ; con- 
trolled ; managed ; influenced ; restrained. 

G6V'ERN-ESS, 77 . A female invested with authority to 
control and direct ; a tutoress ; an instructress ; a woman 
who has the care of instructing and directing young la- 
dies. 

GoV'ERN-ING, ppr. 1. Directing; controlling; regulating 
by laws or edicts; managing; influencing; restraining. 
2. a. Holding the superiority; prevalent. 2. Directing; 
controlling ; as, a governing motive. 

GoV'ERN-MENT, 77 . 1. Direction ; regulation. 2. Con- 
trol ; restraint. 3. The exercise of authority ; direction 
and restraint exercised over the actions of men ; tiie ad- 
ministration of public affairs. 4. The exercise of authority 
by a parent or householder. 5. The system of polity in a 
state ; that form of fundamental rules and principles by 
which a nation or state is governed, fl. An empire, king- 
dom or state ; any territory over which the right of sove- 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BULL, UNITE. — G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


GRA 


384 


GRA 


reignty is extended. 7. The right of governing or admin- 
istering the laws. 8. The persons or council which ad- 
minister the laws of a kingdom or state j executive power. 
9. Manageableness; compliance; obsequiousness. 10. 
Regularity of behavior; 11. Management of the 

limbs or body ; [o6s.] — 12. In grammar^ the influence of 
a word in regard to construction, as when established 
usage requires that one word should cause another to be 
in a particular case or mode. 

G6V-RRN-MENT'AL, a. Pertaining to government; made 
by government. Hamilton, 

Go V'ERN-OR, n. 1. He that governs, rules or directs ; one 
invested witli supreme authority. 2. One who is invest- 
ed with supreme authority to administer or enforce the 
laws. 3. A tutor ; one who has the care of a young man. 
4. A pilot ; one who steers a ship. 5. One possessing del- 
egated authority. 

G6V'ERN-OR-SHIP, n. The office of a governor. 

GOW'AN, n. A plant, a species of lellis or daisy. 

GOVVD, n. A gaud ; a toy. 

GOWK. See Gawk. 

fGOWK, V. t. To stupify. B. Johnson. 

fGOWL, i. \lce\. goela.l To howl. Wickliffe, 

GOWN, 71. [W. ^lOTi.J 1. A woman’s upper garment. 2. 
A long loose, upper, garment or robe, worn by professional 
men. 3. A long, loose, upper garment, worn in sickness, 
&c. 4. The dress of peace, or the civil magistracy. 

GOWNED, a. Dressed in a gown. Dryden. 

GOWN'MAN, n. 1. One whose professional habit is a gown. 

2. One devoted to the arts of peace. Rowe. 

GOZ'ZARD, n. [a corruption of gooseherd.'l One w'ho at- 
tends geese. 

GRAB, 71. A vessel used on the Malabar coast, having two 
or three masts. Diet. 

GRAB, 7J. t. [Dan. greh.] To seize ; to gripe suddenly. 

r 

GRAB'^LE, V. i. [dim. of grab ,* D. grabbelen.] 1. To 
grope ; to feel with the hands. 2. To lie prostrate on the 
belly ; to sprawl. 

GRAB'BLING, ppr. Groping; feeling along ; sprawling. 

GRACE, 71. [Fr. grace ; It. grazia ; Qp. gracia.] 1. Favor; 
good-will ; kindness ; disposition to oblige another. 2. 
Appropriately, the free, unmerited love and favor of God. 

3. Favorable influence of God ; divine influence. 4. The 
application of Christ’s righteousness to the sinner. 5. A 
state of reconciliation to God. 6. Virtuous or religious 
affection or disposition. 7. Spiritual instruction, improve- 
ment and edification. 8. Apostleship, or the qualifications 
of an apostle. 9. Eternal life ; final salvation. 10. Favor; 
mercy; pardon. 11. Favor conferred. 12. Privilege. 
13. That, in manner, deportment or language, which ren- 
ders it appropriate and agreeable ; suitableness ; elegance 
with appropriate dignity. 14. Natural or acquired excel- 
lence. 15. Beauty; embellishment; in general, whatever 
adorns and recommends to favor ; sometimes, a single 
beauty. 16. Beauty deified ; among pagans, a goddess. 
17. Virtue physical. [?7ot used.] 18. The title of a duke 
or an archbishop, and formerly of the kijig of England, 
meaning your goodness or clemency. 19. A short prayer 
before or after meat. — ^20. In mtisic, graces signifies turns, 
trills and shakes introduced for embellishment. — Day of 
grace, in theolocry, time of probation. — Days of grace, in 
commerce, the days immediately following the day when 
a bill or note becomes due, which days are allow^ed to the 
debtor or payor to make payment in. 

GRACE, V. t. 1. To adorn ; to decorate ; to embellish and 
dignify. 2. To dignify or raise by an act of favor ; to 
honor. 3 To favor ; to honor. 4. To supply with heaven- 
ly grace. 

GR aCE'CUP, n. The cup or health drank after grace. Prior. 

GRACED^ pp. 1. Adorned ; embellished ; exalted ; dignified ; 
honored. 2. a. Beautiful ; graceful ; [oZ/5.] 3. Virtuous ; 
regular ; chaste ; [o&s.l 

GRACE'FUL, a. Beautiful with dignity; elegant; agreea- 
ble in appearance, with an expression of dignity or eleva- 
tion of mind or manner. 

GRACE'FUL-LY, adv. With a pleasing dignity ; elegantly; 
with a natural ease and propriety. 

GRaCE'FUL-NESS, 77. Elegance of manner or deportment ; 
beauty wfith dignity in manner, motion or countenance. 

GRACE LESS, a. Void of grace ; corrupt ; depraved ; un- 
regenerate ; unsanctified. 

GRAC!E'LESS-LY, adv. Without grace. 

GRACE'LESS-NESS, n. Want of grace ; profligacy. Di\ 
Favour. 

GRA'CES, 77. Good graces, favor ; friendship. 

t GRAC'IIjE, a. [L. gracilis.] Slender. 

I GR AC'I-LENT, a. [L. gracilentus.] Lean. Diet. 

fGRA-CIL'I-TY, 77. Slenderness. 

GRA'CIOUS, a. [Fr. gracieuz ; L. gratiosus.] 1. Favora- 
ble ; kind ; friendly. 2. Favoralde ; kind ; benevolent ; 
merciful , disposed to forgive offenses and impart unmerit- 
ed blessings. 3. Favorable ; expressing kindness and 
favor. 4. Proceeding from divine grace. 5. Accepta- 


ble ; favored. 6. Renewed or implanted by grace. 7» 
Virtuous ; good. 8. Excellent ; graceful ; becoming ; [065.] 

GRA'CIOUS-LY, adv. 1. Kindly ; favorably ; in a friendly 
manner ; wfith kind condescension. 2. In a pleasing 
manner. 

GRA'CIOUS-NESS, 77. 1. Kind condescension. 2. Posses- 
sion of graces or good qualities. 3. Pleasing manner. 4. 
Mercifulness. 

GRAC'KLE, 77. [L. graculus.] A genus of birds. 

GRA-DA'TION, 77. [L. gradatioj Fr. gradation.] 1. A se- 
ries of ascending steps or degrees, or a proceeding step by 
step ; hence, progress from one degree or state to another ; 
a regular advance from step to step. 2. A degree in any 
order or series. 3. Order ; series ; regular process by de- 
grees or steps. 

GRAD'A-TO-RY, a. Proceeding step by step. Seward. 

GRAD'A-TO-RY, n. Steps from the cloisters into the church. 
Ainsworth. 

GRADE, 77. [Sax. ^rade, grad; Fr. grade; Sp., It. grado ; 
from L. gradus.] 1. A degree or rank in order or dignity, 
civil, military or ecclesiastical. Sir JV. Scott. R. Southey. 
2. A step or degree in any ascending series. S. S. Smith. 

GRADE'LY, adv. Well ; handsomely ; decently ; orderly. 
Craven dialect. 

GRADE'LY, a. Decent ; orderly. Cheshire. 

GRA'DI-ENT, a. [L. gradiens.] Moving by steps; walk- 
ing. Wilkins. 

GRAD'U-AL, a. [Fr. graduel.] 1. Proceeding by steps or 
degrees ; advancing step by step ; passing from one step to 
another ; regular and slow. 2. Proceeding by degrees in 
a descending line or progress. 

GRADT^-AL, 77. 1. An order of steps. Dryden. 2. A grail ; 
an ancient book of hymns and prayers. Todd. 

GRAD'U-AL-LY, adw. 1. By degrees; step by step; regu- 
larly ; slowly. 2. In degree ; [not used.] 

t GRAD-U-AL'I-TY, n. Regular progression. Brown. 

GRAD'U-ATE, V. [It. ^7*adMare.] 1. To honor with a 
degree or diploma, in a college or university ; to confer a 
degree on. 2. To mark with degrees, regular intervals, 
or divisions. 3. To form shades or nice differences. 4. To 
raise to a higher place in the scale of metals. 5. To ad- 
vance by degrees ; to improve. 6. To temper; to prepare. 
7. To mark degrees or differences of any kind. — 8. In 
chemistry, to bring fluids to a certain degree of consistency. 

GRAD'D- ATE, 77. 2. 1. To receive a degree from a college or 
university. Gilpin. 2. To pass by degrees; to change 
gradually. Kirwan. 

GRAD'U-ATE, n. One who has received a degree in a col- 
lege or university, or from some professional incorporated 
society. 

GRAD'U-A-TED,pp. 1. Honored with a degree or diploma 
from some learned society or college. 2. Marked with 
degrees or regular intervals ; tempered. 

GRAD'U-ATE-SHIP, n. The state of a graduate. 

GRAD'D- A-TING, ppr. Honoring with a degree ; marking 
with degrees. 

GRAD-D-A'TION, n. 1. Regular progression by succession 
of degrees. 2. Improvement ; exaltation of qualities. 3. 
The act of conferring or receiving academical degrees. - 

4. The act of marking with degrees. 5. The process of 
bringing a liquid to a certain consistence by evaporation. 

GRAD'D-A-TOR, n. An instrument for dividing any line, 
right or curve, into equal parts. Journ. of Science. 

GRAFF, 77. [See Grave.] A ditch or moat. Clarendon. 

t GRAFF, superseded by graft. 

GRAFT, 72. [Fr. ^re^e.] A small shoot or cion of a tree, 
inserted in another tree as the stock which is to support 
and nourish it. 

GRAFT, 71. t. [Fr. greffer.] 1. To insert a cion or shoot, 
or a small cutting of it, into another tree. 2. To propa- 
gate by insertion or inoculation. 3. To insert in a body 
to whicli it did not originally belong. 4. To impregnate 
with a foreign branch. 5. To join one thing to another so 
as to receive support from it. 

GRAFT, 7;. 2. To practice the insertion of foreign cions on 
a stock. 

GRAFT'ED, pp. Inserted on a foreign stock. 

GRAFT'ER, n. One who inserts cions on foreign stocks, or 
propagates fruit by ingrafMng. 

GRAFT'ING, ppr. Inserting cions on different stocks. 

GRAIL, 72. [ L. graduate.] A book of offices in the Romish 
church. JVarton. 

GRAIL, 77. [Fr. grile.] Small particles of any kind. 

GRAIN, 77. [Fr. grain ; L. granum.] 1 . Any small hard 
mass. 2. A single seed or hard seed of a plant, particularly 
of those kinds whose seeds are used for food of man or 
beast. 3. Grain, without a definitive, signifies corn in 
general, as wheat, rye, barley, oats and maize. 4. A mi- 
nute particle. 5. A small weight, or the smallest weight 
ordinarily used, being the twentieth part of the scruple in 
apothecaries’ weight, and the twenty-fourth of a penny- 
weight troy. 6. A component part of stones and metals. 

7. The veins or fibres of wood or dther fibrous substance. 

8. The body oi substance of wood as modified by the fibres. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


GRA 


385 


GRA 


9. The body or substance of a tiling, considered with re- 
spect to ttie size, form or direction ot the constituent parti- 
cles. 10. Any thing proverbially small j a very small 
particle or portion. 11. Dyed or stained substance. 12. 
The direction of the fibres of wood or other fibrous sub- 
stance. 13. The heart or ^emper. 14. The form of the 
surface of any thing, with respect to smoothness or rough- 
ness ; state of the grit of any body composed of grains. 
15. A tine, prong or spike . — A grain of allowance^ a small 
allowance or indulgence. Watts . — To dye in grain, is to 
dye in the raw material. 

I GKAIN, V. i. To yield fruit. Oower. 

f GRAIN, or GRANE, for groan. 

GRAINED, a. 1. Rough; made less smooth. Shak. 2. Dyed 
in grain ; ingrained. Brown. 

GRAINGER, n. A liAivium obtained by infusing pigeon’s 
dung in water ; used by tanners. Ure. 

GRAIN'ING, 71. 1. Indentation. 2. A fish. 

GRAINS, 71. [in the plural.] The husks or remains of malt 
after brewing, or of any grain after distillation. — Grains 
of paradise, an Indian spice. 

GRAIN'STAEF, n. A quarter-stafi'. 

GRA IN' Y, a. Full of grains or corn ; full of kernels. 

GRAITII, V. t. To prepare. See Greith. 

GRAITH, 71.- [Sax. geroide.l Furniture; equipage; goods; 
riches. 

GRAL'LIG, a. [L. grallw.] Stilted ; an epithet given to an 
order of fowls having long legs. 

I GRAM, a. [Sax. ^ra//i.] Angry. 

GRAM, 11 . [Fr. gramme ; Gr. ypa/7/ia.] In the new system of 
French weights, the unity of weights. 

t GRA-MER C Y, for Fr. grand-rnerci. It formerly was used 
to express obligation. Spenser. 

GRA-MLVE-AL, 1 a. [L. gramineus.] Grassy; like or 

GRA-MIN'E-OUS, J pertaining to grass. 

GRAM-[-NIV'0-ROUS, a. [L. gramenamd voro.} Feeding 
or subsisting on grass. 

GRAM'MAR, 71 . [Fr. grammaire ; L. grammatica; Gr. 
ypapfxaTiKij.'] 1. The art of speaking or writing a 
language with propriety or correctness. 2. A system 
of general principles and of particular rules for speaking 
or writing a language. 3. Propriety of speech. 

t GRAM'MAR, v. i. To discourse according to the rules of 
grammar. 

GRAM' MAR, a. Belonging to grammar. 

GRAM'MAR-SGHOOL, n. A school in which the learned 
languages are taught ; i. e. Latin and Greek. 

GR AM-MA'Rl-AN, n. 1. One versed in grammar, or the con- 
struction of languages ; a philologist. 2. One who teaches 
grammar. 

GRAM-MAT'IO, a. Pertaining to grammar. Milton. 

GRAM-xMAT 1-OAL, a. [Fr.] 1. Belonging to grammar. 

2. According to the rules of grammar. 

GRAM-MAT'I-OxAL-LY, adv. According to the principles 


a 


and rules of grammar. 

GRAM-iMAT'I-GAS-TER, n. [L.] A low grammarian ; 
pretender to a knowledge of grammar ; a pedant. 

GRAM-MAT' I-CIZE, 75. t. To render grammatical. Johnson. 

GRA3PMA-TIST, n. A pretender to a knowledge of gram- 
mar. H. Tooke. 

GRAxM'MA-TITE. See Tremolite. 

GRAM'PLE, 11 . A crab-fish. 

GRAM'PUS, 77. [Fr. grampoise.] A fish of the cetaceous 
order, and genus delphinus. 

GRAN-A-DIL'LA, n. [Sp.] A plant. Cyc. 


GRA-NaDE', 

GRA-Na'DO. 


See Grenade. 


*GRAN'A-RY, n. [L. granarium.\ A store house or reposi- 
tory of grain after it is thrashed ; a corn-house. 

GRAN'ATE, n. Usually written garnet, which see. 

GRAxN'A-TlTE. See Grenatite. 

GRAND, a. [Fr. grand-, Sp. and ^i. grande; L. grandis.'] 
1. Great ; but mostly in a figurative sense ; illustrious ; 
high in power or dignity. 2. Great ; splendid ; magnifi- 
cent ; as, a grand design. 3. Great ; principal ; chief. 4. 
Noble ; sublime ; lofty ; conceived or expressed with 
great dignity. 5. Old ; more advanced. 

GRAN'DAM, 77. 1. Grandmother. 2. An old woman. Dry- 


den. 

GRAND'CHTLD, n. A son’s or daughter’s child. 
GRAND'DAUGH-TER, n. The daughter of a son or daugh- 


ter. 


GRAN-DEE', n. [Sp. grande ] A nobleman ; a man of el- 
evated rank or station. 

GRAN-DEE'SHIP, n. The rank or estate of a grandee. 

GRAND'EUR, n. [Fr.] 1. In a general sense, greatness ; 

that quality or combination of qualities in an object, which 
elevates or expands the mind, and excites pleasurable 
emotions in him who views or contemplates it. 2. Splen- 
dor of appearance ; state ; magnificence. 3. Elevation of 
thought, sentiment or expression. 4. Elevation of mien 
or air and deportment. 

fGRAN-DEV'I-TY, 7 ?.. Great age. 

I GRAN-Dk'VOUS, a. Of great age. 


GRAND'FX-THER, n. A father’s or mother’s father. 

I GRAN-DIF'IG, a. [L. grandis and facio.] Making great 
Diet. 

GRAN-DIL'O-OUENCE, n. Lofty -speaking. 

GRAN-DIL'0-(dUOUS, a. [L. granddoquus.'] Speaking in 
a lofty style. 

GRAND'I-NOUS, a. [L. grando.'\ Consisting of hail. 

t GR AND' LTY, 77. Greatness; magnificence. Camden. 

GR AND-JU'ROR, n. One ot a grand jury. In Connecticut, 
peace-officer. 

GRAND-JU'RY, 77. [ff7’a77c? and /iir?/.] A jury whose duty 
is to examine into the grounds of accusation against of- 
fenders, and, if they see just cause, then to find bills of 
indictment against them to be presented to the court. 

GRAND'LY, adv. In a lofty manner; splendidly ; sublime- 
ly- 

GRAND'MoTH-ER, n. The mother of one’s father or 
mother. 

GRAND'NESS, 77. Grandeur; greatness with beauty ; mag- 
nificence. Wollaston. 

GRAND'SIRE, n. 1. A grandfather. — 2. In poetry and 
rhetoric, any ancestor. Dnjden. 

GRAND SON, 77. The son of a son or daughter. 

GRANGE, (graiij) n. [Fr. grange.] A farm, with the build- 
ings, stables, &c. Milton. 

GRAN'I-LITE, n. Indeterminate granite. 

GRAN'ITE, I 77. [Fr. granit.] In mineralogy, an aggregate 

GRx\N'IT, I stone or rock, composed of crystaline 
grains of quartz, feldspar and mica. 

GRAN'I-TEL, n. A binary aggregate of minerals. 

GRx\-NlT'I-€AL, ) a. 1. Pertaining to granite ; like granite ; 

GRA-NIT'I€, \ having the nature of granite. ^2. 
Consisting of granite. 

GRAN'I-TIN, 77. A granitic aggregate of three species of 
minerals. 

GRA-NIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. granum and voro.] Eating 
grain ; feeding or subsisting on seeds. 

GRAN'NAM, for grandam, a grandmother. [Vulgar.] 

GRANT, 75. t. [Norm, grantcr.] 1. To admit as true what 
is not proved ; to allow ; to yield ; to concede. 2. To give ; 
to bestow or confer on without compensation, in answer 
to request. 3. To transfer the title of a thing to another, 
for a good or valuable consideration ; to convey by deed 
or writing. 

GRANT, 77. 1. The act of granting ; a bestowing or confer- 
ring. 2. The thing granted or bestowed ; a gift ; a boon. — 

3. in law, a conveyance in writing, of such things as 
cannot pass or be transferred by word only, as land, &c. 

4. Concession ; admission of something as true. 5. The 
thing conveyed by deed or patent. 

GRANT' A-BLE, a. That may be granted or conveyed. 

GRANT ED, pp. Admitted as true ; conceded ; yielded ; 
bestowed ; conveyed. 

GRANT-EE', n. The person to whom a conveyance is made. 

GRANT'ING, ppr. Admitting ; conceding ; bestowing ; con- 
veying. 

* GRANT'OR, 77. The person who grants ; one who conveys ^ 
lands, rents, &cc. 

GRAN'U-Iix\R, a. [from L. granum.] 1. Consisting of 
grains. 2. Resembling grains. 

GRAN'U-LA-RY, a. Small and compact ; resembling a small 
grain or seed. Brown. 

GRAN'U-LATE, v. t. [Fr. granuler.] 1. To form into 
grains or small masses. 2. To raise into small asperities ; 
to make rougli on the surface. 

GRAN'U-LATE, v. i. To collect or be formed into grains. 

GRxAN'U-LA-TED, pp. 1. Formed into grains. 2. a. Con- 
sisting of grains ; resembling grains. 

GRAN'U-LA-TING, ppr. Forming into grains. 

GRAN-U-LA'TION, n. The act of forming into grains. 

GRAN'ULE, 77. [Sp. granillo, from L. granum.] A little 
grain ; a small particle. 

GRAN'U-LOUS, a. Full of grains ; abounding with granu- 
lar substances. ^ 

GRAPE, 77 . [Fr. grappe de raisin.] 1. Properly, a cluster of 
the fruit of the vine ; but with us, a single berry of the 
vine ; the fruit from which wine is made. — 2. In the ma- 
nege, grapes signifies mangy tumors on the legs of a horse. 

GRaPE'HY-A-CINTH, 77. A plant or flower. ^ 

GRAPE'LESS, a. Wanting the strength and flavor of the 
grape. Jenyns. 

GRAPE'SHOT, 71. A cluster of small shot, confined in a 
canvas bag, forming a kind of cylinder. 

GRAPE'STONE, n. Tire stone or seed of the grape. 

GRAPH'IC, \ a. [L. grapliicus.] L Pertaining to the 

GRAPll'I-CAL, ) art of writing or delineating. 2. Well 
delineated. 3. Describing with accuraev. 

GRAPII'l-CAL-LY, Gd75. With good delineation ; in a pic- 
turesque manner. Brown. 

GRAPH'ITE, 77 . [Gr. ypacpio.] Carburet of iron, a substance 
used for pencils, and very improperly called blacJc-lead. 

GRAPH'O-LITE, n. A species of slate proper for writing on. 

GRA-PHO:\i;'E-TER, 77 . [Gr. ypaipw and perpov.] A mathe- 
matical instrument, called also a semicircle. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, Do VE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; 

25 


S as Z ; ClI as SH ; TH as in this. 1; Obsolete. 


GRA 


GRA 380 


GRAPH-O-MET^RI-CAL, a. Pertaining to or ascertained 
by a graphometer. 

GRAP'NEL, ) n. [Fr. grappin.] 1. A small anchor fitted 

GRAPPLING, ) with four or five flukes or claws, used 
to hold boats or small vessels. 2. A grapling iron, used 
to seize and hold one ship to another in engagements. 

GRAP'PLE, V. t. [Goth, greipan.] 1. To seize ; to lay fast 
liold on, either with the hands or with hooks. 2. To 
fasten ; to fix, as the mind or heart ; [not in 

GRAP'PLE, ??. i. To seize ; to contend in close fight, as 
wrestlers. Milton. — To grapple with, to contend with, to 
struggle with successfully. Shak. 

GRAP'PLE, n. 1. A seizing ; close hug in contest ; the wres- 
tler’s hold. 2. Close fight. 3. A hook or iron instrument 
by which one ship fastens on another. 

GRAPTLE-MENT, n. A grappling ; close fight or embrace. 

GRaP'Y, a. 1. Like grapes; full of clusters of grapes. Ad- 
dison. 2. Made of grapes. Oay. 

GRASP, V. t. [It. graspare.'\ 1. To seize and hold by clasp- 
ing or embracing with the fingers or arms. 2. To catch ; 
to seize ; to lay hold of ; to take possession of. 

GRASP, V. i. 1. To catch or seize ; to gripe. 2. To strug- 
gle ; to strive ; [o6s.] 3. To encroach. I>ryden. — To grasp 
at, to catch at ; to»try to seize. 

GRASP, n. 1. The gripe or seizure of the hand. 2. Pos- 
session ; hold. 3. Reach of the arms; omA, figuratively, 
the power of seizing. 

GRASPED, pp. Seized with the hands or arms ; embraced ; 
held ; possessed. 

GRASP'ER, n. One who grasps or seizes ; one who catches 
at ; one who holds. 

GRASPTNG, Seizing; embracing; catching; holding. 

GRASS, 71. [Sax. grces, gcers, or graed ^ Goth, G., D. 

gras.'] 1. In common -usage, herbage ; the plants which 
constitute the food of cattle and other beasts. — 2. In 
botany, a plant having simple leaves, a stem generally 
jointed and tubular, a husky calyx, called glume, and the 
seed single. — Grass of Parnassus, a plant, the Parnassia. 

GRASS, V. t. To cover with grass or with turf. 

GRASS, V. i. To breed grass; to be covered with grass. 

GRAS-Sa’TION, n. [L. grassatio.] A wandering about. 
[Little used.] 

GRASS'GREEN, a. 1. Green with grass. Shcnstone. 2. Dark- 
green, like the color of grass. 

GRASS'GRoWN, a. Overgrown with grass. 

CRASSTIOP-PER, n. [grass and hop.] An animal that 
lives among grass, a species of gryllus. 

GRASST-NESS, ?i. [from The state of abounding 

with grass ; a grassy state. 

GRASS'LESS, a. Destitute of grass. 

GRASSTLOT, n. A level spot covered wdth grass. 

GRASS'POL-Y, n. A plant, a species of lythrum. 

GRASS' VETCH, n. A plant of the genus lathyrus. 

GRASS'WRAGK, n. A plant, the zostera. 

GRASS'Y, a. 1. Covered with grass ; abounding with grass. 
2. Resembling grass ; green. 

GRATE, n. [It. grata.] 1. A work or frame, composed of 
parallel or cross bars, with interstices ; a kind of lattice- 
work. 2. An instrument or frame of iron bars for holding 
coals used as fuel. 

GRATE, V. t. To furnish with grates ; to make fast with 
cross bars. 

GRATE, V. t. [Fr. grattcr.] 1. To rub, as a body with a 
rough surface against another body ; to rub one thing 
against another. 2. To wear away in small particles, by 
nibbing with any thing rough or indented. 3. To offend ; 
to fret ; to vex ; to irritate ; to mortif 3 \ 4. To make a 
harsh sound, by rubbing or the friction of rough bodies. 

GRATE, V. i. 1. To rub hard, so as to offend ; to offend by 
oppression or importunity. 2. To make a harsh sound by 
the friction of rough bodies. 

t GRATE, a. [L. Agreeable. 

GRaT'ED, p/7. 1. Rubbed harshly ; worn off by rubbing. 2. 
Furnished with a grate. 

GRaTE'F|jL, o. [from L. See Grace.] 1. Having 

a due sense of benefits ; kindly disposed towards one from 
whom a favor has been received ; willing to acknowledge 
and repay benefits. 2. Agreeable ; pleasing ; acceptable ; 
gratifying. 3. Pleasing to the taste ; delicious; affording 
pleasure. 

GRaTE'F(JL-LY, udv. 1. With a due sense of benefits or 
favors ; in a mamier that disposes to kindness, in return 
for favors. 2. In a pleasing manner. 

GRaI’E'FIIL-NESS, 71. 1. The quality of being grateful; 
gratitude. 2. The quality of being agreeable or pleasant 
to the mind or to the taste. 

GRaT'ER, 71. An instrument or utensil with a rough, indent- 
ed surface, for rubbing off small particles of a body. 

GRAT-1.-FI-Ga'TION, n. [L. gratificatio.] 1. The act of 
pleasing, either the mind, the taste or the appetite. 2. 
That which affords pleasure ; satisfaction ; delight. 3. 
Reward ; recompense. 

GRAT'1-FIED, pp. Pleased ; indulged according to desire. 

GRAT'I-Fl-ER, n. One who gratifies or pleases. 


ORATT-FY, V. t. [L. gratificor.] 1. To please; to give 
pleasure to ; to indulge. 2. To delight ; to please ; to hu- 
mor ; to soothe ; to satisfy ; to indulge to satisfaction. 3. 
To requite ; to recompense. 

GRATT-Fy-ING, ppr. 1. Pleasing ; indulging to satisfaction. 
2. a. Giving pleasure ; affording satisfaction. 

GRaT'ING, ppr. 1. Rubbing ; wearing off in particles. 2. 
a. Fretting ; irritating ; harsh. 

GRaTTNG, ) 71. A partition of bars ; an open cover for the 

GRaTTNGS, J hatches of a ship, resembling lattice- 
work. 

GRaT'ING-LY, adv. Harshly , offensively ; in a manner to 
irritate. 

GRa'TIS, adv. [L.] For nothing ; freely ; without recom- 
pense. 

GRATT-TUDE, 11 . [L. gratitudo.] An emotion of the heart, 
excited by a favor or benefit received ; a sentiment of kind- 
ness or good will towards a benefactor ; thankfulness. 

GRA-Tu'I-TOUS, a. [L. gratuitus .] 1. Free ; voluntary ; 
not required by justice ; granted without claim or merit. 

2. Asserted or taken without proof. 

GRA-Tu'l-TOUS-LY, adv. 1. Freely ; voluntarily ; with- 
out claim or merit ; without an equivalent or compensa- 
tion. _2. Without proof. 

GRA-Tu'I-TY, 71. [Fr. gratuite.] 1. A free gift ; a present ; 
a donation ; that which is given without a compensation 
or equivalent. 2. Something given in return for a favor ; 
an acknowledgment. 

GRAT'U-LATE, 77. t. [~L. gratulor.] 1. To express joy or 
pleasure to a person, on account of his success, or the re- 
ception of some good ; to salute with declarations of joy ; 
to congratulate. 2. To wish or express joy to. 3. To de- 
clare joy for ; to mention with joy. 

GRAT'U-LA-TED, pp. Addressed with expressions of joy. 

GRAT'U-LA-TING, ppr. Addressing with expressions of 
joj", on account of some good received. 

GRAT-U-La'TION, n. [L. gratulatio.] An address or ex- 
pression of joy to a pei-son, on account of some good re- 
ceived by him ; congratulation. 

GRAT'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Expressing gratulation ; congrat- 
ulatory. 

GRAVE, a final syllable, is a grove. Sax. grcef; or it is an 
officer, Ger. graf. 

GRAVE, V. t. ; pret. graved ,* pp. graven, or graved. [Fr. 
graver-, Sax. grafan.'] 1. To carve or cut letters or fig- 
ures on stone or other hard substance, with a chisel or edg- 
ed tool ; to engrave. 2. To carve ; to form or shape by 
cutting with a chisel. 3. To clean a ship’s bottom. 4. 
To entomb. Shak. ^ 

GRAVE, V. i. To carve ; to write or delineate on hard sub- 
stances ; 4o practice engraving. 

GRAVE, n. [Sax. grcef ; G. grab.] 1. The ditch, pit or ex- 
cavated place, ill which a dead human body is deposited ; 
a place for the corpse of a human being ; a sepulchre. 2. 
A tomb. 3. Any place where the dead are reposited ; a 
place of great slaughter or mortality. — 4. Graves, in the 
plural, sediment of tallow melted ; [not in use, or local.] 

GRaVE'-CLoTHES, 71. The clothes or dress in which the 
dead are interred. 

GRaVE'-DIG-GER, 71. One whose occupation is to dig 
graves. 

GRaVE'-Ma-KER, n. A grave-digger. Shak. 

GRaVE'-STONE, n. A stone laid over a grave, or erected 
near it, as a monument. 

GRAVE, a. [Fr., Sp., \i. grave.] 1. In music, low; de- 
pressed; solemn; opposed to sharp, acute, or high. 2. 
Solemn ; sober ; serious ; opposed to gay, light or jovial. 

3. Plain ; not gay ; not showy or tawdry. 4. Being of 
weight ; of a serious character. 5. Important ; momen- 
tous. Ld. Eldon. 

GRAVED, j?/7. Carved; engraved; cleaned, as a ship. 

GRAV'EL, 11 . [Fr. gravelle.] 1. Small stones or fragments 
of stone, or verj*^ small pebbles, larger than the particles of 
sand, but often iiitemiixed with them. — 2. In medicine, 
small calculous concretions in the kidneys and bladder. 

GRAV'EIi, V. t. 1. To cover with gravel. 2. To stick in 
the sand. 3. To puzzle ; to stop ; to embarrass. 4. To 
hurt the foot of a horse, by gravel lodged under the shoe. 

GRAV'ELED, /7/7. Covered with gravel ; stopped ; embar- 
rassed ; injured by gravel. 

GRaV^E'LESS, a. Without a grave; unburied. 

GRAV'EL-LY, a. Abounding with gravel ; consisting of 
gravel . 

GR AV'EL-WALK, 71. A walk or alley covered with gravel, 
which makes a hard and dry bottom. 

GRaVE'LY, adv. 1. In a grave, solemn manner; soberly; 
seriously. 2. Without gaudiness or show. 

GRaVE'NESS, 71. Seriousness ; solemnity ; sobriety of be- 
havior ; gravity of manners or discourse. 

GRaV'ER, 77. 1. One who carves or engraves ; a sculptor. 
2. An engraving tool ; an instrument for graving. 

GRAV'ID, a. [L. jrrartd?/^.] Pregnant ; being with child. 

t GRAV'I-DA-TED, a. Made pregnant ; big. Barrow. 

f GRAV-I-DA'TION, n. Pregnancy. Pearson. 


* See Synopsis. 


A, K, I, d. 


U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, 


WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD 


f Obsolete. 


% 


I 


GRE 


387 


GRE 


GRA-VID^I-TY, 7t. Pregnancy. Arhuthnot. 

GRaV'ING, Engraving; carving ; cutting figures on 
stone, copper, or other hard substance. 

GRAV'iNG, n. 1. Carved work. 2. Impression. 

GllAV'I-TATE, V. i. [Fr. gravitcr.’] To tend to tlie centre 
of a body, or the central point of attraction. 

GRAV'I-TATING, ppr. Tending to the centre of a body or 
system of bodies. 

GRAV-I-Ta'T 10IV, 71. 1. The act of tending to the centre. 
2. The force by wliich bodies are pressed or drawn, or by 
wliich tliey tend towards the centre of the eartli or other 
centre, or tlie effect of that force. 

GRAV'l-TY, H. [Fr. oTacite.] 1. Weight ; heaviness. — 2. In 
philosophy, that force by whicli bodies tend or are drawn 
towards the centre of tlie earth. — 3. Specific gravity, tlie 
weight belonging to an equal bulk of every dilferent sub- 
stance. 4. t^eriousness ; sobriety of manners ; solemnity 
of deportment or character. 5. Weight ; enormity ; atro- 
ciousness ; Uiot used.] — 6. In music, lowness of sound. 

GRa'VY, 71. The fat and other liquid matter that drips from 
flesh in roasting, or when roasted or baked. 

GRaY, a. [!Sax. grig, groi^ ; G. grau.] 1. White, with a 
mixture of black. 2. White ; hoary. 3. Dark ; of a 
mixed color ; of the color of ashes. 4. Old ; mature. 

GRAY, 71. J. A gray color. Paniel, 2. lA badger. 

GRaY'-BEARD, n. An old man. Shak, 

GRaY'-EY^ED, a. Having gray eyes. 

GRaY'FLY, 71. The trumpet-fly. Milton. 

GRaY'-H AIRED, a Having gray hair. 

GRaY'-HEAD-ED, a. Having a gray head or gray hair. 

GRaY'-HOUND, n. [Sax. grighund.] A tall, fleet dog, used 
in the chase. 

GRa Y'ISH, a. Somewhat gray ; gray in a moderate degree. 

GRaY'LING, 71. A fish of the genus salmo. 

GRaY'NESS, 71. The quality of being gray. Shertcood. 

GRaY'WACKE, 71. [G. grauwacke.] A species of rock. 

GRAZE, V. t. [Sax. grasian ; G. graseu.] 1. To rub or 
touch lightly in passing ; to brush lightly the surface of 
a thing in passing. 2. To feed or supply cattle with grass ; 
to furnish pasture for. 3. To feed on ; to eat from the 
ground, as growing herbage. 4. To tend grazing cattle. 

GRAZE, V. i. 1. To eat grass ; to feed on growing herbage. 
2. I’o supply grass. 3. To move on devouring. 

GRAZED, pp. 1. Touched lightly by a passing body ; brush- 
ed. 2. Fed by growing grass. 3. Eaten, as growing 
herbage. 

GRaZ'ER, n. One that grazes or feeds on growing herbage. 

GRa'ZIER, (gri'zhur) n. One who feeds cattle with grass, 
or supplies them with pasture. Bacon. 

GRaZ'ING, ppr. 1. Touching lightly. 2. Feeding on grow- 
iiig herbage. 3. a. Supplying pasture. 

GRkASE, 71. [Fr. graisse.] 1. Animal fat in a soft state ; 
oily or unctuous matter of any kind, as tallow, lard. 2. A 
swelling and gourdiness of a horse’s legs. 

GReA^SE, (greez) v. t. 1. To smear, anoint or daub with 
grease or fat. 2. To bribe ; to corrupt with presejits. 
Dryden. 

GReASED, pp. Smeared with oily matter ; bribed. 

GReAS'I-LY, adv. With grease or an appearance of it ; 
gmssly. 

GReASH-NESS, 71. The state of being greasy; oiliness; 
unctuousness. Boyle. 

GRe AS'ING, ppr. Smearing with fat or oily matter ; bribing. 

GReAS'Y, (greez'y) a. ]. Oily; fat; unctuous. 2. Smear- 
ed or defiled with grease. 3. Like grease or oil ; smooth. 
4. Fat of body; bulky. .5. Gross; indelicate; indecent. 

GREAT, a. [Sax. great ; D. groot G. gross.] 1. Large in 
bulk or dimensions. 2. Being of extend^ed length or 
breadth. 3. Large in number. 4. Expressing a large, 
extensive or unusual degree of any thing. 5. Long-con- 
tinued. 6. Important ; weighty. 7. Chief ; principal. 8. 
Chief; of vast power and excellence; supreme; illustri- 
ous. 9. Vast ; extensive ; wonderful ; admirable. 10. 
Possessing large or strong powers of mind. 11. Having 
made extensive or unusual acquisitions of science or 
knowledge. 12. Distinguished by rank, office or power ; 
elevated ; eminent. 13. Dignified in aspect, mien or 
manner. 14. Magnanimous ; generous ; of elevated sen- 
timents ; high-minded. 15. Rich ; sumptuous ; magnifi- 
cent. 16. Vast ; sublime. 17. Dignified ; noble. 18. 
Swelling; proud. 19. Chief; principal; much traveled. 
20. Pregnant; teeming. 21. Hard ; difficult. 22. Famil- 
iar ; intimate ; [vulgar.] 23. Distinguished by extraordi- 
nary events, or unusual importance. 24. Denoting a de- 
gree of consanguinity, in the ascending or descending line ; 
as, fi-reat grandfather. 25. Superior; preeminent. 

GREAT, 71. 1. The whole ; the gross; the lump or mass. 
2. People of rank or distinction. 

GREAT'-BEL-LIED, a. Pregnant; teeming. Shak. 

fGREAT'EN, v. t. To enlarge. Raleigh. 

fGREAT'EN, v. i. To increase ; to become large. South. 

GREAT-HEART'ED, a. High spirited ; undejected. 

GREAT'LY, ady. 1. In a great degree ; much. 2. Nobly; 
illustriously. 3. Magnanimou^y ; generously ; bravely. 


GREAT'NESS, n 1. Largeness of bulk, dimensions, num- 
ber or quantity. 2. Large amount ; extent. 3. High de- 
gree. 4. High rank or place ; elevation ; dignity ; distinc- 
tion ; eminence ; power ; command. 5. Swelling pride ; 
affected state. 6. Magnanimity ; elevation of sentiment; 
nobleness. 7. Strength or extent of intellectual faculties. 
8. Large extent or variety. 9. Grandeur; pomp ; magni- 
ficence. 10. Force; intensity. ■- 

GREAVE, for and Spenser. See Grove and 

Groove. 

GReAVES, (greevz) n. plu. [Port.,Sp. grevas.] Armor for 
the legs ; a sort of boots. 

GREBE, n. A fowl of the genus colymhus. 

GRE'CLYN, a. Pertaining to Greece. 

GRE'CIAiV, 71. i. A native of Greece. Also, a Jew, who 
understood Greek. 2. One well versed in the Greek lan- 
gmige. 

GRe CIAN-FIRE, 71. [Fr. feu Oreccois.] Wild fire ; such as 
will burn within water. 

GRE'CIAN-IZE, y. i. [Fr. Orecanizer.] To play the Gre- 
cian ; to speak Greek. 

GRe'CISM, 7i. [L. Orcecismus.] An idiom of the Greek 
la^iguage. Addison. 

GRe'CIZE, v.t. 1. To render Grecian. 2. To translate 
iiRo G reelf. 

GRe'CTZE, y. i. To speak the Greek language. 

fGREE, 7/. [Fr. gre.] 1. Good will. Spenser. 2. Step; 
rank; degree. [See Degree.] Spenser. 

fGREE, y. i. To agree. See Agree. 

[GREECE, n. [W. araz.] A flight of steps. 

[GREED, 71. Greediness. Oraham. 

GREED'l-LY, adv. 1. With a keen appetite for food or 
drink ; voraciously ; ravenously. 2. With keen or ardent 
desire ; eagerly. 

GREED'I-NESS, n. 1. Keenness of appetite for food or 
drink ; ravenousness ; voracity. 2. Ardent desire. 

GREED'Y, a. [Sax. grcedig.] 1. Having a keen appetite 
for food or drink ; ravenous ; voracious ; very hungry. 2. 
Having a keen desire of any thing ; eager to obtain. 

GREED' Y-GUT, 71. A glutton; a devourer ; a belly-god. 
Cotgrave. 

GREEK, a. Pertaining to Greece. 

GREEK, 71. ]. A native of Greece. 2. The language of 
Greece. — Greek-fire, a combustible composition, the con- 
stituents of which are supposed to be asphalt, with nitre 
and sulphur. 

GREEK'ISH, a. Peculiar to Greece. Milton. 

GREEK'LING, n. An inferior Greek writer. 

GREEK'RO.SE, n. The flower campion. 

GREEN, a. [Sax. grene.] 1. Being of the color of herbage 
and plants when growing, a color composed of blue and 
yellow rays ; verdant. 2. New ; fresh ; recent. 3. Fresh ; 
flourishing ; undecayed. 4. Containing its natural juices ; 
not dry ; not seasoned. 5. Not roasted ; half raw. 6. Un- 
ripe ; immature ; not arrived to perfection. 7. Immature in 
age; young. 8. Pale; sickly; wan; of a greenish pale 
color. 

GREEN, 71. 1. The color of growing plants; a color com- 
posed of blue and yellow rays, which, mixed in different 
proportions, exhibit a variety of shades. 2. A grassy 
plain or plat ; a piece of ground covered with verdant 
herbage. 3. Fresli leaves or branches of trees or other 
plants ; wreaths. 4. The leaves and stems of young 
plants used in cookery or dressed for food in the spring ; 
in the plural. Mew England. 

GREEN, y. t. To make green. Thomson. 

GREEN'BROOM, or GREEN'WEED, 7i. A plant of the 
genus genista. 

GREEN'CLOTH, n. A board or court of justice held in the 
counting-house of the British king’s household, having cog- 
nizance of all matters of justice in the king’s household. 

GREEN'-CoL-ORED, a. Pale ; sickly. Tourneur. 

GREEN'-CROP, n. A crop of green vegetables, such as ar- 
tificial grasses, turneps, &c. 

GREEN'-EARTH, n. A species of earth or mineral, so 
called ; the mountain green of artists. Ure. 

GREEN'-EYED, a. Having green eyes. Shak. 

GREEN'FINCH, n. A bird of the genus 

GREEN'FISH, n. A fish so called. Ainsxcorth. 

GREEN'GAGE, v. A species of plum. 

GREEN'GRO-CER, n. A retailer of greens. 

GREEN'IIAIRED, a. Having green locks or hair. 

GREEN'IJOOD, 71 . A state of greenness. Chaucer. 

GREEN'HORN, 71. A raw youth. 

GREEN'-HOUl^E, 71. A house in which tender plants are 
sheltered from the weather, and preserved green during 
the winter or cold weather. 

GREEN'ISH, a. Somewhat green ; having a tinge of green. 

GREEN'ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being greenish. 

GREEN'LY, adv. With a green color; newly ; freshly ; im- 
mature! y. 

GREEN'LY, a. Of a green color. Gasccigxie. 

GREEN'NESS, n. 1. The quality of being green ; viridity. 


* See Syxiopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ; — BULL, UNITE. — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


GRI 


GRI 388 


2. Immaturity j unripeness. 3. Fresliness j vigor. 4. 
Newness. 

GREEN'-ROOM, n. A room, rje»r the stage, to which actors 
retire, during the intervals of their parts in the play. 

GREEN'-SICK-NESS, n. The chlorosL^^ a disease of maids, 
so called from the color it occasions in the face. 

GREEN'-S1€K-NESSED, a. Having a sickly taste. Bp. 
Bundle. 

GREEN'-STALL, n, A stall on which greens are exposed 
to srIo 

GREEN'STONE, ?i. A rock of the trap formation. 

GREEN'-SWARD, n. Turf green with gr£iss. 

GREEN' WEED, n. Dyer’s weed. 

GREEN'WOOD, n. Wood when green, as in summer. 

GREEN'W66d, a. Pertaining to a green wood. 

GREET, V. t. [Sax. gretan, grcttan.] 1. To address with 
expressions of kind wishes ; to salute in kindness and 
respect. 2. To address at meeting ; to address in any 
manner. 3. To congratulate. 4. To pay compliments at 
a distance ; to send kind wishes to. 5. To meet and ad- 
dress with kindness j or to express kind wishes, accompa- 
nied with an embrace. 6. To meet. 

GREET, V. i. 1. To meet and salute. 2. To weep j written 
by Spenser ^rei£ ; 

GREET'ED, pp. Addressed with kind wishes ; compli- 
mented. 

GREET'ER, n. One who greets. 

GREETING, ppr. Addressing with kind wishes or expres- 
sions of joy j complimenting; congratulating; saluting. 

GREET'ING, n. Expression of kindness or joy ; salutation 
at meeting ; compliment addressed from one absent. 

I GREEZE, n. [L. gressiis.] A step, or flight of steps. See 
Greece. 

GREF'FIER, n. [Fr.] A registrar, or recorder. 

GRe'GAL, a. [L. grez.] Pertaining to a flock. 

GRE-Ga'RI-AN, a. Belonging to a herd. 

GRE-Ga'RI-OUS, a. [L. gregarius.] Having the habit of 
assembling or living in a flock or herd ; not habitually sol- 
itary or living alone. 

GRE-Ga'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In a flock or herd ; in a company. 

GRE-Ga'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of living in 
flocks or herds. 

GRE-Go'RI-AN, a. Denoting what belongs to Gregory. 
— The Oregorian calendar is one which shows the new 
and full moon, with the time of Easter, and the movable 
feasts depending thereon, by means of epacts. — The Ore- 
gorian year is the present year, as refonned by Pope Greg- 
ory XIII, in 1582 ; consisting of 365 days, 5 hours, 48 min- 
utes, 47 seconds, with an additional day every fourth year. 

fGREIT, t?. i. [Goth. ^ei£a7i.] To lament.' .S/>CM5cr. 

f GREITH, ^^ £. [Sax. geradian.] To make ready. 

fGREITH, 71. Goods ; furniture. Chaucer. 

GRe'MI-AL, a. [L. gremium.'] Belonging to the lap or 
bosom. Diet. 

GRE-NaDE', n. \Sp. granada ; Fr. grenade.'] In the art of 
wfLr^ a hollow ball or shell of iron or other metal, about 
two inches and a half in diameter, to be filled with pow- 
der, which is to be fired by means of a fusee, and thrown 
by hand arnong enemies. 

GREN-A-DIeR', 7». [from Fr. ;?Te7iadc.J 1. A foot soldier, 
wearing a high cap. 2. A fowl found in Angola, in Africa. 

GREN'A-TITE, n. Staurotide or staurolite, a mineral. 

GREW, pret. oi grow. 

GREY. See Gray. 

GREY'HOUND, n. [Sax. grighund.] A tall, fleet dog, kept 
for the chase. 

GRICE, n. A little pig. 

GRID DLE, 7i. [W. greidell.] A pan, broad and shallow, 
for baking cakes. 

GRIDE, V. t. [It. g7'idare.] To grate, or to cut with a grat- 
ing sound ; to cut ; to penetrate or pierce harshly. 

GRID'E-LIN, 71. [Fr. gris de lin.] A color mixed of white 
and red, or a gray violet. 

GRIl)'IR-ON, (grid i-urn) n. [W. gredia^o.] A grated uten- 
sil Jor broiling flesh and fish over coals. 

GRIeF, 77. [D. grief i Fr. grief.] 1. The pain of mind pro- 
duced by loss, misfortune, injury or evils of any kind; 
sorrow ; regret. 2. The pain of mind occasioned by our 
own misconduct ; sorrow or regret that we have done 
wrong ; pain accompanying repentance. 3. Cause of 
sorrow ; that which afflicts. 

GIUeF'FIJL, a. Full of grief or sorrow. Sackville. 

GIUeF'LFISS, a. Sorrowless; without grief. Huloet. 

GRIeF'SHOT, a. Pierced with grief. Shak. 

t GRJeV-A-BLE, a. Lamentable. Gower. 

GRIeV'ANCE, 77. That which causes grief or uneasiness ; 
that which burdens, oppresses or injures, implying a sense 
of wrong done. 

GRIeVE, V. t. [D. grieven.] 1. To give pain of mind to; 
to afflict ; to wound the feelings. 2. To afflict ; to inflict 
pain on. 3. To make sorrowful ; to excite regret in. 4. 
To_oftend ; to displease ; to provoke. 

GRIeVE, V. i. To feel pain of mind or heart ; to be in pain 
on account of an evil ; to sorrow ; to mourn. 


GRIeVED, pp. Pained ; afflicted; suffering sorrow. 
GRIeV'ER, 77. He or that which grieves. 

GRIeV'ING, 1. Giving pain; afflicting. 2. Sorrow- 
ing; exercised with grief ; mourning. 

GRIeV'ING-LY, adv. In sorrow ; sorrowfully'. 
GRIeV'OUS, a. 1. Heavy ; oppressive ; burdensome. 2. 
Afflictive ; painful ; hard to be borne. 3. Causing grief or 
sorrow. 4. Distressing. 5. Great; atrocious. 6. Ex- 
pressing great uneasiness. 7. Provoking ; oflensive ; 
tending to irritate. 8. Hurtful ; destructive ; causing 
mischief. 

GRIeV'OUS-LY, adv. 1. With pain ; painfully ; with great 
pain or distress. 2. With discontent, ill will or grief. 
3. Calamitously ; miserably ; greatly ; with great uneasi- 
ness, distress or grief. 4. Atrociously. 
GRiEV'OUS-NESiS, n. 1. Oppressiveness; weight that 
gives pain or distress. 2. Pain ; affliction ; calamity ; dis- 
tress. 3. Greatness ; enormity ; atrociousness. 
GRIF'FON, 77. [Fr. gi'iffon.] In the natural history of the 
ancients^ an imaginary animal said to be generated be- 
tween the lion and eagle. It is represented with four 
legs, wings and a beak, the upper part resembling an 
eagle, and the lower part a lion. 

GRIF'FON-LiKE, a. Resembling a griffon. 

GRIG, 77. 1. A small eel ; the sand eel. 2. A merry crea- 
ture. 3. Health ; [o6s.] 
t GRILL, V. t. [Fr. gnller.] To broil, 
t GRILL, a. Shaking with cold. Chaucer. 

GRIL-LaDE', 77. Any thing broiled on the gridiron, 
t GRIL'LY, V. t. To harass. Hudibras. 

GRIM, a. [Sax. ^ 7777 .] 1. Fierce : ferocious ; impressing 
terror ; frightful ; horrible. 2. Ugly ; ill-looking. 3. 
Sour ; crabbed ; peevish ; surly. 

GRIM'-FaCED, a. Having a stern countenance. 
GRIM'-GRIN-NING, a. Grinning with a fierce counte- 
nance. Shak. 

GRIM'-VIS-AGED, a. Grim-faced. 

GRI-MACE', 77 . [Fr.] 1. A distortion of the countenance, 
from habit, affectation or insolence. 2. An air of aft'ecta- 
tion. 

GRI-Ma'CED, (gre-maste') a. Distorted ; having a crabbed 
look. 

GRI-MAL'KIN, 77. The name of an old cat. 

GRIME, 77 . [Ice. gryma.] Foul matter ; dirt ; sullying 
blackness, deeply insinuated. 

GRIME, V. t. To sully or soil deeply ; to dirt. Shak. 
GRIM'LY, a. Having a hideous or stern look. Beaumont. 
GRIM'LY, adv. 1. Fiercely ; ferociously ; with a look of 
fury or ferocity. 2. Sourly; sullenly. 

GRIM'NESS, 77 . Fierceness of look ; sternness; crabbedness. 
GRi'MY, a. Full of grime ; foul. 

GRIN, V. 7 . [Sax. grinnian.] 1. To set the teeth together 
and open the lips, or to open the mouth and withdraw the 
lips from the teeth, so as to show them, as in laughter or 
scorn. 2. To fix the teeth, as in anguish. 

GRIN, 77 . The act of closing the teeth and showing them, 
or of withdrawing the lips and showing the teeth, 
t GRIN, 77 . A snare or trap. 

GRIN, V. t. To express by grinning. Milton. 

GRIND, V. t. j pret. and pp. ground. [Sax. grindan.] 1. To 
break and reduce to fine particles or powder by friction ; 
to comminute by attrition ; to triturate. 2. To break and 
reduce to small pieces by the teeth. 3. To sharpen by 
rubbing or friction ; to wear off the substance of a me- 
tallic instrument, and reduce it to a sharp edge by the 
friction of a stone. 4. To make smooth ; to polish by 
friction. 5. To rub one against another. 6. To oppress 
by severe exactions ; to afflict cruelly; to harass. 7. To 
crush in pieces; to ruin. 8. To grate. 

GRIND, v.i. 1. To perfomi the operation of grinding; to 
move a mill. 2. To be moved or rubbed together, as in 
the operation of grinding. 3. To be ground or pulverized 
by friction. 4. To be polished and made smooth by fric- 
tion. 5. To be sharpened by grinding. 

GRiND'ER, 77 . 1. One that grinds, or moves a mill. 2. The 
instrument of grinding. 3. A tooth that grinds or chews 
food ; a double tooth ; a jaw-tooth. 4.Tlie teeth in general. 
GRIND'ING, ppf)'. 1. Reducing to powder by friction; 
triturating ; levigating ; chewing. 2. Making sharp ; 
making smooth or polishing by friction. 
GRIN'DLE-STONE. The same as grindstone. 

* GRIND'STONE, n. A sandstone used for grinding or 
sharpening tools. 

GRIN'NER, 77 . One that grins. Addison. 

GRIN'NING, j7pr. Closing the teeth and showing them, as 
in laughter ; showing of the teeth. 

GRIN'NING-LY, adv. With a grinning laugh, 
t GRIP, 72. The griffon. Shak. 

GRIP, 72. [Dan. greb.] A grasp ; a holding fast. 

GRIP, 77 . [D. groep.] A small ditch or furrow, 
t GRIP, V. t. To trench ; to drain. 

GRIPE, V. t. [Sax. gripan ; Goth, greipan.] 1. To seize; 
to grasp ; to catch with the hand, and to clasp closely 
with the fingers. 2. To hold fast ; to hold with the fin- 


* Sec Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT; — PRgY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — j Obsolete. 


GRO 


389 


GRO 


gets closely pressed. 3. To seize and hold fast in the 
arms ; to embrace closely. 4. To close the fingei-s ; to 
clutch. Pope. 5. To pinch j to press ; to compress. 6. 
To give pain to tlie bowels. 7. To pinch j to straiten j to 
distress. 

GRIPE, V. i. 1- To seize or catch by pinching ; to get 
money by hard bargains or mean exa.ctions. 2. To feel 
the colic. 3. To lie too close to the wind, as a ship. 

gripe, n. 1. Grasp ; seizure ; fast hold with the hand or 
paw, or with the arms. 2. Squeeze j i)ressure. 3. Op- 
pression j cruel exactions. 4. Atfliction j pinching dis- 
tress ; as, the gripe of poverty. — 5. In seainen’s language, 
the fore-foot or piece of timber which terminates the keel 
at the fore-end. — 6. Gripes, ip the jdural, distress of the 
bowels; colic. — 7. Gripes, in seameti^s language, nn as- 
semblage of ropes, dead-eyes and hooks, fastened to ring- 
bolts in the deck to secure tlie boats. 

GRIP'ER, 11 . One who gripes ; an oppressor ; an extortioner. 

GRIPPING, ppr. Grasping ; seizing ; holding fast ; pinch- 
ing ; oppressing ; distressing the bowels. 

XJRTP'ING, n. 1. A pinching or grasp ; a distressing pain 
of the bowels ; colic. — 2. In seamen’s language, the in- 
clination of a ship to run to the windward of her course. 

GRlPING-LY, adv. With a pain in the bowels. 

t GRIP'PLE, a. I. Griping ; greedy ; covetous ; unfeeling. 
Spenser. 2. Grasping fast ; tenacious. Spenser. 

t GRIP'PLE-NESS, n. Covetousness. Bp. Hall. 

I GRIS, n. [Fr. ^m.] A kind of fur. Chaucer. 

I GRIS' AM-I3ER, used by Milton for ambergris. 

•j; GUISE, 71. 1. A step, or scale of steps. [L. See 

Greece.] S/iaA:. 2. A swine. 

|GRI-SETTE', (gre-zet') n. [Fr.] A tradesman’s wife or 
daughter. Sterne. 

t GRIS'KIN, n. The spine of a hog. 

GRIS'LY, a. [Sax. grislic.] Frightful; horrible; terrible. 
Dryden. 

GRI'SONS, (gre'sunz) n. Inhabitants of the eastern Swiss 
Alps. 

GRIST, n. [Sax. ''grist.] 1. Corn for grinding, or that which 
is ground at one time ; as much grain as is carried to the 
mill at one time, or the meal it produces. 2. Supply ; 
provision. 3. Profit ; gain ; as in the phrase, it brings grist 
to the mill. 

GRIS'TLE, (gris'l) n. [Sax. g-ri?tlc.] A cartilage; a smooth, 
solid, elastic substance in animal bodies. 

GRIST'LY, (gris ly) a. Consisting of gristle; like gristle ; 
cartilaginous. Ray. 

GRIST'MILL, n. A mill for grinding grain. 

GRIT, 71. [Sax. great, or gryt, grytta.] 1. The coarse part 
of meal. 2. Oats hulled, or coarsely ground ; written, also, 
groats. 3. Sand or gravel ; rough, hard particles. 4. Sand- 
stone ; stone composed of particles of sand agglutinated. 

t GRITH, 71. Agreement. Chaucer. 

GRIT'STONE. See Grit. 

GRIT'TI-NESS, n. The quality of containing grit or con- 
sisting of grit, sand, or small, hard, rough particles of 
stone. 

GRIT'TY, a. Containing sand or grit ; consisting of grit ; 
full of hard particles ; sandy. 

GRIZ'E-LIN. SeeGRiDELiN. 

GRIZ'ZLE, 71. [Fr., Sp., Port, ^rw.] Gray; a gray color; 
a mixture of white and black. Shah. 

GRIZ'ZLED, a. Gray; of a mixed color. 

GRIZ'ZLY, a. Somewhat gray. Bacon. 

GRoAN, v.i. [Sax. granian, grunan.] 1. To breathe with 
a deep murmuring sound ; to utter a mournful voice, as 
in pain or sorrow. 2. To sigh ; to be oppressed or afflict- 
ed ; or to complain of oppression. 

GRoAN, n. I. A deep, mournful sound, uttered in pain, 
smrow or anguish. 2. Any low, rumbling sound. 

GRoAN'FUL, a. Sad ; inducing groans. Spenser. 

GRoAN'ING, ppr. Uttering a low, mournful sound. 

GRoAN'ING, 11 . 1. The act of groaning ; lamentation ; 
complaint ; a deep sound uttered in pain or sorrow. — 2. 
In hunting, the cry or noise of the buck. 

GROAT, (grawt) n. [D. groot ; G. grot.] 1. An English 
money of account, equal to four pence. 2. A proverbial 
name for a small sum. 

GROATS, (grawts) n. Oats that have the hulls taken off*. 

GROATS'-WoRTII, n. Tlie value of a groat. 

GRo'CER, 11 . A trader who deals in tea, sugar, spices, 
coff*ee, liquors, fruits, &c. 

GRo'CER-Y, 7?. I. A grocer’s store ; [/ocaL] 2. The com- 
modities sold by grocers ; usually in the plural. 

GROES, 11 . plu. Graves. JiTorth of England. 

GROG, 71. A mixture of spirit and water not sweetened. 

GROG'-BLOS-SOM, n. A rum bud ; a redness on the nose 
or face of men who drink ardent spirits to excess. 

GROG'DRINK-ER, n. One addicted to drinking grog. 

GROG'GY, a. 1. A groggy horse is one that bears wholly 
on his heels in trotting. Cyc. — 2. In vulgar language, 
tipsy ; intoxicated. 

GROG'RAM, ) 11 . [It. grossagrana.] A kind of stuff* made 

GROG'RAN, ) of silk and mohair. 


GROIN, n. [Ice. and Goth. grein.] 1. The depressed part 
of the hunian body between the belly and the thigh. — 2. 
Among builders, the angular curve made by tlie intersec- 
tion of two semi-cylinders or arches.— 3. [Fr. groin ; Gr. 
piv.] The snout or nose of a swine. 

t GROIN, V. i. To groan. Chaucer. 

GROM'WELL, or GROM'IL, n. A plant of the genus 
lithospennum. The German gromwcll is the stellera. 

GROM'ET, } 11 . [Arm. gromm.] Among seamen, a ring 

GROM'MET, ) formed of a strand of rope laid in three 
times round ; used to fasten the upper edge of a sail to its 
stay. 

GROOM, 77. [qu. Flemish or Old D. groni ] 1. A boy or 
young man ; a waiter ; a servant. 2. A man or boy who 
has the charge of horses ; one who takes care of horses or 
the stable. — ^3. In England, an officer of the king’s house- 
hold. 

GROOM, or GOOM, n. [Sax. and Goth, guma, a man.] A 
man recently married, or one who is attending his pro- 
posed spouse in order to be married ; used in composition, 
as in bridegroom, which see. 

GROOVE, (groov) n. [Ice. groof.] 1. A furrow, channel, 
or long hollow cut by a tool. — ^2. Among miners, a shaft 
or pit sunk into the earth. 

GROOVE, V. t. [Sw. grbpa.] To cut a channel with an 
edged tool ; to furrow. 

GROOV'ER, 11 . A miner. [Local.] 

GROOVING, ppr. Cutting in channels. 

GROPE, V. i. [Sax. gropian, grapian.] 1. To feel along ; to 
search or attempt to find in the dark, or as a blind person, 
by feeling. 2. To seek blindly in intellectual darkness, 
without a certain guide or means of knowledge. 

GROPE, V. t. To search by feeling in the dark. 

GRoP'ER, 71. One who gropes ; one who feels his way in 
tlm dark, or searches by feeling. 

GRoP'ING , pjir. Feeling for something in darkness ; search- 
in_g by feeling. 

GROSS, a. [Fr. gr os ; It., Port. ^ro5so.] I. Thick; bulky; 
particularly applied to animals ; fat ; corpulent. 2. Coarse ; 
rude; rough; not delicate. 3. Coarse, in a fgurativc 
sense ; rough ; mean ; particularly, vulgar ; obscene ; in- 
delicate. 4. Thick; large; opposed to ^7?e. 5. Impure; 
unrefined. 6. Great ; palpable. 7. Coarse ; large ; not 
delicate. 8. Thick ; dense ; not attenuated ; not refined 
or pure. 9. Unseemly ; enormous ; shameful ; great. 
Kb Stupid; dull. 11. Whole; entire. 

GROSS, 11 . 1. The main body ; the chief part ; the bulk ; 
the mass. 2. The number of twelve dozen ; twelve times 
twelve. — In the gross, in gross, in the bulk, or the whole 
undivided ; all parts taken together. — By the gross, in a 
like sense. 

GRoSS'BeAK, 77. A fowl of the genus loxia. 

GRoSS'-HEAD-ED, a. Having a thick skull ; stupid. 

GRoSS'LY, adv. 1. In bulky or large parts ; coarsely. 2. 
Greatly ; palpably ; enormously. 3. Greatly ; shame- 
fully. 4. Coarsely; without refinement or delicacy. 5. 
Without art or skill. 

GRoSS'NESS, 11 . 1. Thickness ; bulkiness ; corpulence ; 
fitness. 2. Thickness ; spissitude ; density. 3. Coarse- 
ness ; rudeness ; want of refinement or delicacy ; vulgar- 
ity. 4. Greatness ; enormity. 

GROSS'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to a gooseberry. 

GROSS'U-LAR, n. A rare mineral of the garnet kind, so 
named from its green color. 

GROT, or GROT'TO, n. [Fr. grotte ; It. grotta.]' 1. A 
large cave or den ; a subterraneous cavern ; a natural 
cave or rent in the earth. Dryden. 2. A cave for coolness 
and refreshment. 

t GROT'TA. [It.] For grotto. Not used in English. 

GRO-TESQlUE', i a. [Fr. grotesque j Sp., Port, ^nitc^co.] 

GRO-TESK', ) Wildly formed ; whimsical ; extrava- 
gant ; of irregular forms and proportions ; ludicrous ; 
antic. 

GRO-TESO.UE', n. Whimsical figures or scenery. 

GRO-TESQ,UE'LY, adv. In a fantastical manner. 

GROUND, 11 . [Sax., G., Dan., Sw. grund.] 1. The sur- 
face of land or upper part of the earth, without reference 
to the materials which compose it. 2. Region ; territory. 
3. Land ; estate ; possession. 4. The surface of the earth, 
or a floor or pavement. 5. Foundation ; that which sup- 
ports any thing. 6. Fundamental cause ; primary reason 
or original principle. 7. Fiist principles. — 8. In painting, 
the surface on which a figure or object is represented. — 
0. In manufactures, the principal color, to which others 
are considered as ornamental. — 10. Grounds, plural, the 
bottom of liquors; dregs; lees; feces; as, coffee 
11. The plain song; the tune on which descants are 
raised. — 12. In etching, a gummous composition spread 
over the surface of the metal to be etched. 13. Field or 
place of action. — 14. In the name given to a com- 

position in which the base, consisting of a few bars of in- 
dependent notes, is continually repeated to a continually 
varying melody. 15. The foil to set a thing off* ; [o&5.] 
16. Formerly, the pit of a play-house. B. Jonsoii.— To 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TU as in this, j Obsolete. 


GRO 


390 


GRU 


gain ground. 1. To advance ; to proceed forward in con- 
flict. 2. To gain credit; to prevail. — To lose ground. 1. 
To retire; to retreat. 2. To lose credit ; to decline. — To 
give ground^ to recede; to yield advantage. — To get 
ground, and to gather ground, are seldom used. 

GROUND, V. t. 1. To lay or set on the ground. 2. To 
found ; to tix or set, as on a foundation, cause, reason or 
principle. 3. To settle in first principles ; to fix firmly. 

GROUND, V. i. To run aground ; to strike the bottom and 
remain fixed. 

GROUND, pret. and pp. of grind. 

GROUND' AGE, n. A tax paid by a ship for standing in 
port. 

GROUND'-ANG-LING, n. Fishing without a float, with a 
bullet placed a few inches from the hook. 

GROUND'-ASH, n. A sapling of ash ; a young shoot from 
the stump of an ash. Mortimer. 

GROUND'-BaIT, 71. Bait for fish which sinks to the bottom 
of the water. Walton. 

GROUND^ED-LY, adv. Upon firm principles. 

GROUND'-FLoOR, 71. The first or lower floor of a house. 
But the English call the second floor from the ground the 
first floor. 

GROUND'-i-VY, n. A well-known plant. 

GROUND LESS, a. 1. Wanting ground or foundation ; 
wanting cause or reason for support. 2. Not authorized ; 
false. 

GROUND'LESS-LY, adv. Without reason or cause. 

^ GROUND'LESS-NESS, n. Want of just cause, reason or 
authority for support. Tillotson. 

GROUND'LLVG, n. A fish that keeps at the bottom of the 
water ; hence, a low, vulgar person. Shak. 

■f GROUND'LY, adv. Upon principles ; solidly. Ascham. 

GROUND'-NUT, n. A plant, the arachis. 

GROUND'-6AK, n. A sapling of oak. Mortimer. 

GROUND'-PINE, n. A plant, a species of teucrium. 

GROUND'-PLATE, n. In architecture, the ground-plates are 
the outermost pieces of timber lying on or near the ground. 

GROUND'-PLOT, n. 1. The ground on which a building 
is placed. 2. The ichnography of a building. 

GROUND'-RENT, n. Rent paid for the privilege of build- 
ing on another man’s land. Johnson. 

GROUND'-ROOM, n. A room on the ground; a lower 
room. Tatler. 

GROUND'SEL, n. A plant of the genus senecio, of several 
species. 

GROUND'SEL, ) n. [ground, and Sax. sylL] The timber 

GROUND'-SILL, | of a building which lies next to the 
ground ; commonly called a sill. 

GROUND'-TA€-KLE, n. In ships, the ropes and furniture 
belonging to anchors. 

GROUND'WoRK, n. 1. The work which forms the foun- 
dation or support of any thing ; the basis ; the funda- 
mentals. 2. The ground ; that to which the rest are ad- 
ditional. 3. First principle ; original reason. 

GROUP, 1 71. [It. groppo •, Fr. groupe.'] 1. A cluster, crowd 

GROOP, I or throng ; an assemblage ; a number collected 
without any regular form or arrangement. — 2. In painting 
and sculpture, an assemblage of two or more figures of 
men, beasts or otlier things which have some relation to 
each other. 

GROUP, V. t. [Fr. grouper.] To form a group; to bring or 
place together in a cluster or knot; to form an assem- 
bl age. 

GROUPED, pp. Formed or placed in a crowd. 

GRoUP'ING, ppr. Bringing together in a cluster or as- 
semblage. 

GRoUP'lNG, 77. The art of composing or combining the ob- 
jects of a picture or piece of sculpture. 

GROUSE, 77. A heath-cock. 

GROUT, 77. [Sax. grut.] 1. Coarse meal ; pollard. 2. 
A kind of wild apple. 3. A thin, coarse mortar. 4. That 
which purges off. 

GROUT'NOL. See Growthead. 

GROVE, 77. [Sax. grmf, graf.] 1. In gardening, R small 
wood or cluster of trees with a shaded avenue, or a wood 
impervious to the rays of the sun. 2. A wood of small 
extent. — In America, the word is applied to a wood of 
natural growth in the field, as well as to planted trees in 
a garden. 3. Something resembling a wood or trees in a 
wood. 

GROV'EL, (grov'l) v. i. [Ice. grtiva.] 1. To creep on the 
earth, or with the face to the ground ; to lie prone, or 
move with the body prostrate on the earth ; to act in a 
prostrate posture. 2. To be low or mean. 

GROV'EL-ER, n. One who grovels; an abject wretch. 

GROV'EL-ING, ppr. 1. Creeping; moving on the ground. 
2. a. Mean ; without dignity or elevation. 

GRoV'Y, a. Pertaining to a grove ; frequenting groves. 

GRoW, v.,i. ; pret. grew j pp. groicn. [Snx. groivan.] 1. 
To enlarge in bulk or stature, by a natural, imperceptible 
addition of matter ; to v'egetate, as plants, or to be aug- 
mented by natural process, as animals. 2. To be produ- 
ced by vegetation. 3. To increase ; to be augmented ; to 


wax. 4. To advance ; to improve ; to make progress. 
5. To advance ; to extend. 6. To come by degrees ; to 
become ; to reach any state. 7. To come forward ; to 
advance. 8. To be changed from one state to another ; 
to become. 9. To proceed, as from a cause or reason. 
10. To accrue ; to come. 11. To swell ; to increase ; as, 
the wind grew to a tempest. — To grow out of, to issue 
from, as plants from the soil. — To grow up, to arrive at 
manhood, or to advance to full stature. — 7'o grow up, or 
to grow together, to close and adhere ; to become united 
by growth. 

GROW, V. t. To produce ; to raise ; as, a farmer grotos 
large quantities of wheat. [This is a modern, abusive use 
of grow.] 

GROW'ER, 71. 1. One who grows ; that which increases. — 
2. In English use, one who raises or produces. 

GRoW'ING, ppr. Increasing ; advancing in size or extent ; 
becoming; accruing; swelling; thriving. 

GROWL, V. i. [Gr. ypuAXr;.] To murmur or snarl, as a 
dog; to utter an angry, grumbling sound. 

GROWL, V. t. To express by growling. Thomson. 

GROWL, n. The murmur of a cross dog. 

GROWL'ER, 77. A snarling cur ; a grumbler. 

GROWL'ING, ppr. Grumbling ; snarling. 

GROWN, pp. of grow. I. Advanced; increased in growth. 
2. Having arrived at full size or stature. — Grown over^ 
covered by the growth of any thing ; overgrown. 

t GROWSE, V. i. [Sax. agrisan.] To shiver ; to have chills. 

GROWTH, 77. 1. The gradual increase of animal and vege- 
table bodies. 2. Product ; produce ; that which has 
grown. 3. Production ; any thing produced. 4. Increase 
in number, bulk or frequency. 5. Increase in extent or 
prevalence. 6. Advancement ; progress ; improvement. 

GROWT'HEAD, } 77 . 1. A kind of fish. 2. A lazy person ; 

GROWT'NOL, i a lubber ; [ 0 / 75 .] 

GRUB, V. i. [Goth, graban.] To dig ; to be occupied in dig- 
ging. 

GRUB, V. t. To dig ; mostly followed by up . — To grub 7tp, 
is to dig up by the roots with an instrument ; to root out 
by digging. 

GRUB, 77 . 1. A small worm ; particularhj , a hexaped or six- 
footed worm, produced from the egg of the beetle. 2. A 
short, thick man ; a dwarf, in contempt. 

GRUB'AXE, 77 . A tool used in grubbing up weeds, and the 
like. 

GRUB'BER, 77 . One who grubs up shrubs, ice. 

GRUB'BING-HoE, n. An instrument for digging up trees, 
shrubs, &c. by the roots ; a mattoc. 

GRUB'BLE, V. i. [G. g7nil7eln.] To feel in the dark ; to 
grovel. [JYot much itscTZ.] Dryden. 

GRUB'STREET, n. Originally, the name of a street near 
Moorfields, in London, much inhabited by mean writers ; 
hence, applied to mean writings ; as, a Grub-street poem. 
.Tolnison. 

GRUDGE, V. t. [W. grwg.] 1. To be discontented at an- 
other’s enjoyments or advantages ; to envy one the pos- 
session or happiness which we desire for ourselves. 2. 
To give or take unwillingly. 

GRUDGE, 7 ;. 7 . 1. To murmur; to repine; to complain. 
2. To be unwilling or reluctant. 3. To be envious. 4. 
To wish in secret ; [ 0 ^ 5 .] 5. To feel compunction ; to 
grieve ; [o&s.] 

GRUDGE,'t 7 . 1 . Sullen malice or malevolence ; ill-will ; se- 
cret enmity ; hatred. 2. Unwillingness to benefit. 3. 
Remorse of conscience ; [ 7765 .] 

t GRUDG'EONS, n. plu. Coarse meal. Beaumont. 

GRUDG'ER, 77 . One that grudges ; a murmurer. 

GRUDG'ING, j)pr. Envying ; being uneasy at another’s 
possession of something which we have a desire to pos- 
sess. 

GRUDG'ING, 77 . 1. Uneasiness at the possession of some- 
thing by another. 2. Reluctance ; also, a secret wish or 
desire; [cJs.] 3. A symptom of disease ; [ 0 & 5 .] 

GRUDG'ING-LY, adv. Unwillingly ; with reluctance or 
discontent. 

GRu'EL, 77 . [W. grual.] A kind of light food made by 
boiling meal in water. 

GRUFF, a. [D. grofi W. gmif.] Of a rough or stern 
countenance; soiir; surly; severe; rugged; harsh. 

GRUFF'LY, adv. Roughly ; sternly ; ruggedly ; harshly. 

GRUFF'NESS, n. Roughness of countenance ; sternness. 

GRUM, a. [Dan. grum.] 1. Morose ; severe of counte- 
nance ; sour ; surly. 2. Low ; deep in the throat ; guttu- 
ral ; rumbling. 

GRUM'BLE, V. i. [D. ^ro77?77?c7c77, ^ro77777?C77 ; Sax. grijme- 
tan.] 1. To murmur with discontent ; to utter a low 
voice by way of complaint. 2. 7'o growl ; to snarl. 3. 
To rumble ; to roar ; to make a harsh and heavy sound. 

GRUM'BLER, 77 . One who grumbles or murmurs ; one 
who complains ; a discontented man. 

GRUM'BLING, ppr. Murmuring through discontent ; rum- 
bling ; growling. 

GRUM'BLING, 77 . A murmuring through discontent ; a 
rumbling. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — f Obsolete. 


GUA 


391 


GUI 


GRUM'BLING-LY, adv. With grumbling or complaint. 

GRUME, n. [Fr. grumeau.'\ A thick, viscid consistence of 
a fluid 5 a clot, as of blood, «&c. 

GRUM'LY, adv. Morosely ; with a sullen countenance. 

GRuM'OUS, a. Thick ; concreted ; clotted. 

GROM'OUS-NESS, n. A state of being concreted. 

GRUX'DEL, n. The fish called a groimdling. 

GRUND'SEL. Sec Groundsel. Milton. 

GRUNT, «.t. [Dan. grynter.] To murmur like a hog ; to 
utter a short groan, or a deep guttural sound. 

GRUNT, n. A deep guttural sound, as of a hog. 

GRUNT'ER, n. 1. One that grunts. 2. A fish. 

GRUNT^ING, jjjpr. Uttering the murmuring or guttural 
sound of swine or other animals. 

GRUNT'ING, n. The guttural sound of swine and other 
animals. 

I GRUNT'ING-LY, adv. Murmuringly ; mutteringly. Sher- 
wood. 

GRUN'TLE, V. i. To grunt. [JVot much used.] 

GRUNT'LING, n. A young hog. 

GRUTCH, for grudge^ is now vulgar, and not to be used. 

GRY, 71. [Gr. ypu.] 1. A measure containing one tenth of 
aline. 2. Any thing very small or of little value. 

GRYPH'ITE, 71. [L. gryphitcs.] Crowstone. 

^GUAIA'CUM, (gua'cum) n. /.?Vnu;/i rate, or pock wood ; 
a tree produced in tl)e warm climates of America. 

GUAI-a'VA, 71. An American fruit. Miller. Sec Guava. 

GUa'NA, n. A species of lizard, found in America. 

GUA-Na'€0, n. The lama, or camel of South America. 

GUa'NO, 71. A substance found on many isles i)i the Pa- 
cific, which are frequented by fowls; used as a manure. 

GUa'RA, n. A bird of Brazil, the tantalus ruber. 

GU AR-AN-TEE', n. A warrantor. .See Guaranty. 

GUAR* AN-TIED, (gar'an-tid) pp. Warranted. 

GUAIUAN-TOR, (gar'an-tor) n. A warrantor ; one who 
engages to see that the stipulations of another are per- 
formed. 

GUAR'AN-TY, (gar^an-ty) v. t. [Fr. garantir.'] 1. To 
warrant ; to make sure ; to undertake or engage that an- 
other person shall perform what he has stipulated. 2. To 
undertake to secure to another, at all events. 3. To in- 
demnify ; to save harmless. 

GUAR'AN-TY, (gar'an-ty) n. [Fr. garantj garantia.l 
1. An undertaking or engagement by a third pei-son or 
party, that the stipulations of a treaty shall be observ- 
ed by the contracting parties or by one of them. 2. One 
who binds himself to see the stipulations of another per- 
formed ; written also, guarantee. 

GUARD, (gard) v. t. [Fr. garden.] J. To secure against 
injury, loss or attack ; to protect ; to defend ; to keep in 
safety. 2. To secure against objections or the attacks of 
malevolence. 3. To accompany and protect ; to accompany 
for protection. 4. To adorn with lists, laces or orna- 
ments; [ 77 &S.] 5. To gird; to fasten by binding. 

GUARD, (gard) v. i. To watch by way of caution or de- 
fense ; to be cautious ; to be in a state of defense or 
safety. 

GUARD, 77. [Fr. garde.] 1. Defense; preservation or se- 
curity against injury, loss or attack. 2. That which se- 
cures against attack or injury ; that which defends. 3. 
A man or body of men occupied in preserving a person or 
place from attack or injury. 4. A state of caution or vig- 
ilance ; or the act of observing what passes in order to 
prevent surprise or attack ; care ; attention ; watcli ; heed. 
5. That which secures against objections or censure ; 
caution of expression. 6. Part of the hilt of a sword, 
which protects the hand. — 7. In /e7ici77^, a posture of de- 
fense. 8. An ornamental lace, hem oV border ; [ 0 & 5 .] — 
.ddvanced-guard^ or van-g^iard, in military affairs, a body 
of troops, either horse or foot, that march before an army 
or division, to prevent surprise, or give notice of dan- 
ger. — Rear -guard, a body of troops that march in the rear 
of an army or division, for its protection. — Life-guard, a 
body of select troops, whose duty is to defend the person 
of a prince^ or other officer. 

GUARD'-BoAT, n. A boat appointed to row the rounds 
among ships of war in a harbor, to observe that their offi- 
cers keep a good look-out. 

GUARD'-CHaM-BER, 71. A guard-room. 

GUARD'-ROOM, n. A room for the accommodation of 
guards. 

GUARD'-SHIP, 77. A vessel of war appointed to superin- 
tend the marine affairs in a harbor. 

GUARD' A-BLE, a. That may be protected. 

t GUARD' AGE, n. Wardship. Shak. 

GUARD'ANT, a. 1. Acting as guardian ; [obs.] — 2. In her- 
aldry, having the face turned toward the spectator. 

t GUARD'ANT, n. A guardian. Shak. 

GUARD'ED, pp. 1. Defended ; protected ; accompanied 
by a guard. 2. a. Cautious ; circumspect. 3. Framed or 
uttered with caution. 

GUARD'ED-LY, adv. With circumspection. 

GUARD'ED-NESS, n. Caution ; circumspection. 

GUARD'ER, 77. One that guards. 


GUARD'FUL, a. Wary ; cautious. 

GUARD'I-AN, 77. [Fr. ^a7*tZ7e/7 ; Sp. guardian.] 1. A war- 
den ; one who guards, preserves or secures ; one to wliom 
any thing is committed. — 2. In law, one who is chosen or 
appointed to take charge of the estate and education of an 
orphan .- — Guardian of the spiritualities, the person to whom 
the spiritual jurisdiction of a diocese is intrusted, during 
the vacancy of the see. 

GUARD'I-AN, a. Protecting ; performing the office of a 
protector. 

t GUARD'I-AN-ESS, n. A female guardian. Beaumont. 
GUARD'I-AN-SHIP, 77. The office of a guardian ; protec- 
tion ; care ; watch. 

GUARD'ING, ppr. Defending ; protecting ; securing ; at- 
tending for protection. 

GUARD'LESS, a. Without a guard cr defense. 
GUARD'SHIP, 77. Care ; protection. [Little used.] 
t GUA'RISII, 77. t. [Fr. guerir.] To heal. Spejiser. 
GUa'RY-MiR'A-CLE, 77. [Corn, guare-mirkl.] A miracle- 
play. 

GUA' VA, 77. An American tree and its fruit, 
t Gu'BER-NATE, V. t. [L. guberno.] To govern. 
GU-BER-Na'TION, 77. [L. gubernatio.] Government ; rule; 

direction. [Little used.] Watts. 

GU'BER-NA-3’lVE, a. Governing. Chaucer. 
GU-BER-NA-To'Rl-AL, a. [L. gubemator.] Pertaining to 
government, or to a governor. 

GUD'GEON, (gud'jin) n. [Fr. goujon.] 1. A small fish, 
easily caught, and hence, 2. A person easily cheated or 
insnared. Swift. 3. A bait ; allurement. 4. An iron pin 
on which a wlieel turns. — Sea-gudgeon, the black goby or 
rock-fish. 

GUELF, ) n. The Guelfs, so called from the name of a 
GUELPH, \ family, composed a faction formerly, in Ita- 
ly, opposed to the Gibelines. 

t GUER'DON, (ger'don) n. [Fr.] A reward ; requital ; rec- 
ompense. Milton. 

t GUER'DON, 77. t. To reward. B. Jonson. 
f GUER'DON-A-BLE, a. Worthy of reward. Sir G. Buck. 
t GUER'DON-LESS, a. Unrecompensed. Chaucer. 

GUESS, (ges) 75. t. [D. gissen ; Sw. gissa.] 1. To con- 
jecture ; to form an opinion without certain principles or 
means of knowledge. Pope. 2. To judge or form an opin- 
ion from some reasons that render a thing probable, but 
fall short of sufficient evidence. 3. To hit upon by acci- 
dent. 

GUESS, 77. i. To conjecture ; to judge at random. 

GUESS, 77. Conjecture ; judgment without any certain evi- 
dence or grounds. Dryden. 

GUESSED, pp. Conjectured*^ divined. 

GUESS'ER, 77. One who guesses; a conjecturer ; one who 
judges without certain knowledge. 

GUESS'ING, ppr. Conjecturing ; judging without certain 
evidence, or grounds of opinion. 

GUESS'ING-LY, adv. By way of conjecture. 

GUEST, (gest) n. [Sax. ^est.] 1. A stranger; one who 
comes from a distance, and takes lodgings at a place. 2. 
A visitor; a stranger or friend, entertained in the house 
or at the table of another. 

t GUEST, 77. 7. To be entertained in the house or at the ta- 
ble of another. 

GUEST'-CHaM-BER, 77. An apartment appropriated to 
the entertainment of guests. 

GUEST'-RITE, n. Office due to a guest. Chapman. 
GUEST'-ROPE, \n. a rope to tow with, or to make fast a 
GUESS'-ROPE, \ boat. Mar. Diet. 

GUEST'WiSE, adv. In the manner of a guest. 

GUG'GLE. See Gurgle. 

GUHR, n. A loose, earthy deposit from water. 

GUlD' A-BLE, a. That may be guided or governed by 
counsel. Sprat. 

GUID'AGE, 77. The reward given to a guide for services. 
[Little used.] 

GUiD'ANCE, 77. The act of gurding ; direction ; govern- 
ment ; a leading. 

GUIDE, (gide) v. t. [Fr. guider.] 1. To lead or direct in 
a way ; to conduct m a course or path. 2. To direct ; to 
order. 3. To influence ; to give direction to. 4. To in- 
struct and direct. 5. To direct ; to regulate and manage ; 
to superintend. 

GUIDE, 77. [Fr. guide.] 1. A person who leads or directs 
another in his way or course ; a conductor. 2. One who 
directs another in his conduct or course of life. 3. A di- 
rector ; a regulator ; that which leads or conducts. 
GUID'ED, pp. Led ; conducted ; directed in the way ; in- 
structed and directed. 

GUlDE'LESS, a. Destitute of a guide ; wanting a director. 
Dryden. 

GUIDE'PoST, 77. A post at the forks of a road for directing 
travelers the way. 

GUID'ER, n. A guide ; one who guides or directs, 
f GUTD'ER-ESS, n. She who guides or directs. Caxton. 
GUID'ING, ppr. Leading ; conducting ; directing ; superin- 
tending. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


GUL 


392 


GUN 


\ 


GUrDON, [Fr.l The flag or standard of a troop of cav- 
alry ; or the standard-bearer. Lunicr. 

GUILD, (gild) [Sax. g-eld, gield, ^ild, or gyld.] In En^- 
land^ a society, fraternity or company, associated tor 
some purpose, particularly for carrying on commerce. 
Hence the name Ouild-kaU^ the great court of judicature 
in London. 

GUILD' A-BLE, a. Liable to a tax. Spelman. 

GUILD'ER. See Gilder. 

GUILE, (glle) n. [qu. Old Fr. gnillCj or gille.] Craft j cun- 
ning ; artifice ; duplicity ; deceit. 

t GUlLE,t). t. To disguise craftily. Spenser. 

tGUILED, a. Treacherous; deceiving. Shale. 

GUlLE'FUL, a. 1. Cunning ; crafty ; artful ; wily ; de- 
ceitful ; insidious. 2. Treacherous ; deceitful. 3. Intend- 
cd to deceive# 

GUiLE'FUL-l’y, adv. Artfully; insidiously; treacher- 
ously. 

GUiLE'FTJL-NESS, n. Deceit; secret treachery. 

GUILE'LESS, a. Free from guile or deceit ; artless ; frank ; 
sincere * lionest# 

GUlLE'LESS-NESS, n. Simplicity ; freedom from guile. 

GUIL'ER, n. One who betrays into danger by insidious 
cirts# SpBTlSCV* 

GUIL'LE-MOT, n. [W. ^zcilawg.] A water fowl. 

GUIL'LO-Ti NE, (gil'lo-teen) n. [Fr., from the name of the 
inventor.] An engine or machine for beheading persons 
fit cl stroke# 

GUIL-LO-TINE', (gil-lo-teen') v. t. To behead with the 
guillotine. , 

GUILLS, n. A plant, the corn marigold. 

GUILT, (gilt) n. [Sax. gylt.] 1. Criminality; that state 
of a moral agent which results from his actual commis- 
sion of a crime or offense, knowing it to be a crime, or 
violation of law. 2. Criminality in a political or civil 
view; exposure to forfeiture or other penalty. 3. Crime; 
offense. 

fGUILTT-LIKE, adu. Guilty. Shak. 

GUILTfl-LY, adv. In a manner to incur guilt ; not inno- 
cently. Shak. * 

GUILTfl-NESS, n. The state of being guilty ; wickedness ; 
criminality ; guilt. Sidney. 

GUILT'LESS, a. 1. Free from guilt, crime or offense ; in- 
nocent. 2. Not produced by the slaughter of animals. 

GUILT'LESS-LY, adw. Without guilt ; innocently. 

GUILT'LESS-NESS, n. Innocence ; freedom from guilt or 
crime. Sidney. 

GUILT'-SICK, a. Diseased in consequence of guilt. 

GUILT'Y, (gilt'y) a. gyltig.] 1. Criminal ; having 

knowingly committed a crime or offense. 2. Wicked ; 
corrupt ; sinful. 3. Conscious. 

GUIN'EA, (gin'ny) «. [from Ouinea, in Africa, which 
abounds with gold.] Formerly, a gold coin of Great 
Britain of the value of twenty-one shillings sterling. 

GUIN'EA-DROP-PER, n. One who cheats by dropping 
guineas. 

GUIN'EA-HEN, n. The ATamida meleagris, a fowl of the 
gallinaceous order, a native of Africa. 

GUIN'EA-PEP'PER, n. A plant, the capsicum. 

GUIN'EA-PIG, n. In zoology, a quadruped of the genus 
cavia or cavy, found in Brazil. 

GUIN'IAD, or GWIN'IAD, n. [W. gwen, gwyn.] The 
whiting, a fish of the salmon or trout kind. 

GUISE, (gize) v. [Fr. guise.] I. External appearance ; 
dress ; garb. 2. Manner ; mien ; cast of behavior. 3. 
Custom ; mode ; practice. 

GUIS'ER, (giz'er) n. A person in disguise ; a mummer who 
goes about at Christmas. Eng. 

GUIT-AR', (git-ar') n. [Fr. guitare.] A stringed instrument 
of music. 

Gu'LA, or Go'LA, n. An ogee or wavy member in a 
building ; the cymatium. 

Gu'LAUND, 71. An aquatic fowl. PennoM. 

jGULCH, n. [B. gulzig'i] A glutton ; a swallowing. 

I GULCH, V. t. To swallow greedily. 

GULCH'IN. The same as gulch. 

GULES, n. [Fr. gueules.] In heraldry, a term denoting 
red. Kncyc. 

GULF, 77 .. [Fr. golfe ; It., Sp., Port, golfo.] 1. A recess 
in the ocean from the general line of the shore into the 
land, or a tract of water extending from the ocean or a sea 
into the land, between two points or promontories ; a 
large bay. 2. An abyss ; a deep place in the earth. 3. 
A whirlpool; an absorbing eddy. 4. Anything insatia- 
ble. 

GULF-IN-DENT'ED, a. Indented with gulfs. 

GULF'Y, a. Full of whirlpools or gulfs. 

GULL, V. t. [D. kullen.] To deceive ; to cheat; to mislead 
by deception ; to trick ; to defraud. 

GULL, 77 . 1. A cheating or cheat ; trick; fraud. Shak. 2. 
One easily cheated. Shak. 

GULL, 77 . [W. gwylan.] A marine fowl. 

GULL'CATCII-ER, n. A cheat; a man who cheats or en- 
traps silly people. Shak. 


GULLED, pp. Cheated ; deceived ; defrauded. 

GULL'ER, 77. A cheat ; an impostor. 
fGULL'ER-Y, 77. Cheat. Burton. 

GUL'LET, 77. [Fr. goulet, goulot.] 1. The passage in the 
neck of an animal by which food and liquor are taken in- 
to the stomach; the esophagus. 2. A stream or lake; 

[o^5.] 

GUL-LI-BIL'I-TY, n. Credulity. [./3 low word.] 

GUL^LIED, pp. Having a hollow worn by water. 
fGULL'ISH, a. Foolish; stupid, 
f GULL'ISH-NESS, n. Foolishness ; stupidity. 

GUL'LY, 77. A channel or hollow worn in the earth by a 
current of water. Mitford. Hawkesworth. 

GUL'LY, V. t. To wear a hollow channel in the earth. 
America. 

f GUL'LY, V. i. To run with noise. 

GUL'LY-GUT, n. [L. gulo.] A glutton. Barret. 
GUL'LY-HOLE, n. An opening where gutters empty their 
contents into the subterraneous sewer. 

GU-LOS'I-TY, 77. [L. gulosus.] Greediness; voracity; ex- 
cessive appetite for food. [LxttZc used.] Brown. 

GULP, V. t. [D. gulpen.] To swallow eagerly or in large 
draughts. Gay. — To gulp up, to throw up from the tliroat 
or stomach ; to disgorge. 

GULP, 77 . A swallow, or as much as is swallowed at once. 

2. A disgorging. 

GULPH. See Gulf. 

GUM, 77 . [Sax. goma.] The hard, fleshy substance of the 
jaws which invests the teeth. 

GUM, 77. [Sax. goma ; L. gum/mi.] The mucilage of vege- 
tables ; a concrete juice which exsudes through the bark 
of trees. — Gum-elastic, or elastic-gum, [caoutchoxic,] is a 
singular substance, obtained from a tree in America by 
incision. 

GUM, V. t. 1. To smear with gum. 2. To unite by a vis- 
cous substance. 

GUM-AR'A-BIC, n. A gum which flows from the acacia, 
in Arabia, Egypt, &c. 

GUM'-BOIL, 77. A boil on the gum. 

GUM'LAC, 77. The produce of an insect, which deposits 
its eggs on the branches of a tree called bihar. 
GUM'-RE.S-IN, 77. A mixed juice of plants. 

GUM-SEN 'E-GAL, n. A gum resembling gum-arabic. 
GUM-TRAG'A-€ANTH, n. The gum of a thorny shrub of 
that name, in Crete, Asia and Greece. 

GUM'MI-NESS, 77. The state or quality of being giimmy ; 

viscousness. 2. Accumulation of gum. 

GUM-MOS'I-TY, 77. The nature of gum ; gumminess ; a 
viscous or adhesive quality. Floyer. 

GUM'MOUS, a. Of the nature or quality of gum ; viscous ; 
adhesive. Woodward. 

GUM'iMY, a. 1. Consisting of gum ; of the nature of gum ; 
viscous; adhesive. 2. Productive of gum. 3. Covered 
with gum or viscous matter. 

GUMP, 77 . [Dan. and Sw. gump.] A foolish person ; a dolt. 
[Vulgar.] 

GUMP'TION, 77. [Sax. gymene.] Care ; skill ; understand- 
ing. [Vulgar.] 

GUN, 77 . [W. gwn ; Corn, gun.] An instrument consisting 
of a barrel or tube of iron or other metal, fixed in a stock, 
from which balls, shot or other deadly weapons are dis- 
charged by the explosion of gunpowder. The larger spe- 
cies of guns are called camion ; and the smaller species 
are called muskets, carbines, fowling-pieces , &c. 

t GUN, V. i. To shoot. 

GUN'-BAR-REL, n. The barrel or tube of a gun. 
GUN'BOAT, 77 . A boat or small vessel fitted to carry a gun 
or two at the bow. Mar. Diet. 

GUN'-CAR-RIAGE, 77. A wheel-carriage for bearing and 
moving cannon. 

GUN'NEL. See Gunwale. 

GUN'NER, 77 . One skilled in the use of guns ; a cannonier ; 

an officer appointed to manage artillery. 

GUN'NER-Y, 77 . The act of charging, directing and firing 
guns, as cannon, mortars and the like. 

GUN'NING, 77 . The act of hunting or shooting game with 
a gun. 

GUN'POW-DER, 77 . A composition of saltpetre, sulphur 
and charcoal, mixed and reduced to a fine powder, then 
granulated and dried. It is used in artillery, in shoot- 
ing game, in blasting rocks, &c. 

GUN'ROOM, 77 . In ships, an apartment occupied by the 
gunner, or by the lieutenants as a mess-room. 
GUN'SHOT, 77 . The distance of the point-blank range of a 
cannon shot. Mar. Diet. 

GUN'SHOT, a. Made by the shot of a gun. 

GUN'SMITH, 77. A maker of small fire-arms. 
GUN'SMITH-ER-Y, n. The business of a gunsmith; the 
art of making small fire-arms. 

GUN'STIUK, 77 . A rammer, or ramrod ; a stick or rod to 
ram down the charge of a musket, &c. 

GUN'STOUK, 77 . The stock or wood in which the barrel of 
a gun is fixed. 

GUN 'STONE, n. A stone used for the shot of cannon. 


« Su Synopsis. A, E, I, O, t), long.-FKR, FALL, WHAT ;-PREY ;-PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


GUT 


393 


GYV 


GUN'TAG-KLE, n. The tackle used on board of ships to 
run the guns out of the ports. 

GUN'WALE, or GUN'NEL, n. The upper edge of a ship’s 
side ; the uppermost wale of a ship. 

GURGE, 71. [E. gurnres.] A whirlpool. [Little tised.] 
t GUKGE, V. t. 1\) swallow. 

f GUR'GION, 71. The coarser part of meal separated from 
the bran. Hollins lied. 

GUR'GLE, 7?. [li. gorgogliarc.'] To run as liquor with a 
purling noise j to rim or flow in a broken, irregular, noisy 
current. 

GURG'LING, ppr. Running or flowing with a purling 
sound. 

GUR'HO-FITE, n. A subvariety of magnesian carbonate of 
lime. 

GUR'NARD, or GUR'NET, n. [Ir. guirnead.'\ A fish. 
GUR'RAH, 77. A kind of plain, coarse, India muslin. 
GUSH, V. i. [Ir. gaisiin.] 1. To issue with violence and 
rapidity, as a fluid ; to rush forth as a fluid from confine- 
ment. 2. To flow copiously. 

GUSH, V. t. To emit in copious effusion. Dryden. 

GUSH, 71. A sudden and violent issue of a fluid from an in- 
closed place ; the fluid thus emitted. 

GUSIEING, ppr. 1. Rushing forth with violence, as a fluid j 
flowing copiously. 2. Emitting copiously. 

GUS'SET, 71. [Fr. go 2 isset.] A small piece of cloth inserted 
in a garment for the purpose of strengthening or enlarging 
some part. 

GUST, 71. [L. gustns ; It., Sp. gusto.] 1. Taste ; tasting, 
or the sense of tasting. J^lore generally^ the pleasure of 
tasting ; relish. 2. Sensual enjoyment. Dryden. 3. Pleas- 
ure ; amusement j gratification. 4. Turn of fancy \ intel- 
lectual taste. 

GUST, V. t. To taste ; to have a relish. [Little ^ised.] 
GUST, 71. [Daii. 1. A sudden squall ; a violent blast 

of wind. 2. A sudden, violent burst of passion. 
GUST'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be tasted; tastable. 2. 

Pleasant to the taste. [Little used.] Derham. 
f GUST'A-BLE, n. Any thing that may be tasted ; an eat- 
able. 

GUS-Ta'TION, 71. The act of tasting. [Little zised.] 
GUST'FUL, a. Tasteful ; well-tasted ; that relishes. 
GUST'FUL-NESS, n. Relish ; pleasantness to the taste. 
GUST'LESS, a. Tasteless. Brown. 

GUST'O, 71. [It. and Sp.] 1. Relish ; that which excites 
pleasant sensations in the palate or tongue. 2. Intellect- 
ual taste ; [little used.] ' 

GUST'Y, a. Subject to sudden blasts of wind; stormy; 
tempestuous. Skak. 

GUT, 71. [G. kuttel.] 1. The intestinal canal of an animal; 
a pipe or tube extending, with many circumvolutions, 
from the pylorus to the vent. 2. 3'he stomach ; the re- 
ceptacle of food ; [low.] 3. Gluttony ; love of gormandiz- 
ing ; [low.] 

GUT, V. t. 1. To take out the bowels ; to eviscerate. 2. 
to plunder of contents. 

GUT'TA SE-Re'NA. In medicine, amaurosis ; blindness 
occasioned by a diseased retina. 

GUT'TA-TED, a. [L. gutta.] Besprinkled with drops. 
Diet. 

GUT'TED, pp. Deprived of the bowels ; eviscerated ; de- 
prived of contents. 

GUT*TER, 71. [Yr. gonttiere.] 1. A channel for water ; a 
hollow piece of timber, or a pipe, for catching and convey- 
ing off the water which drops from the eaves of a build- 
ing. 2. A channel or passage for water ; a hollow in the 
earth for conveying water. 

GUT'TER, V. t. To cut or form into small hollows. 
GUT'TER, V. i. 1. To be hollowed or channeled. 2. To 
run or sweat as a candle ; [local.] 
t GUT'TLE, t. To swallow. L^ Estrange. 
fGUT^TLE, V. i. To swallow greedily. 

GUT'TLER, n. A greedy eater. 

GUT'TU-LOUS, a. [Ij. guttula.] In the form of a small 
drop or of small drops. [Little used.] 

GUT'TU-RAL, a. [Fr. guttural.] Pertaining to the throat ; 
formed in the throat. 

GUT'TU-RAL, n. A letter pronounced in the throat, as 
the Greek 

GUT'TU-RAL-LY, adv. In a guttural manner; in the 
throat. 

GUT'TU-RAL-NESS, n. The quality of being guttural. 

I GUT'TU-RINE, a. Pertaining to the throat. Ray. 


GUT'TY, a. [from L. gutta.] In heraldry, charged or 
sprinkled with drops. Encyc. 

GUT'VVollT, 77. Aplant. 

GUY, (gl) 77. [Sp., Port, guia.] In marine affairs, a rope 
used to keep a heavy body steady while hoisting or low- 
ering. 

GUZ'ZLE, V. i. To sw'allow liquor greedily ; to drink 
much ; to drink frequently. 

GUZ^ZLE, V. t. To swallow much or often ; to swallow 
with immoderate gust. Dryden. 

GUZ'ZLE, 77. An insatiable thing or person. 

GUZ'ZLER, 77. One who guzzles ; an immoderate drinker. 

GYBE, 77. A sneer. Sec Gibe. 

GYBE, V. t. In seamciYs language, to shift a boom-sail from 
one side of a vessel to the other. 

GYB'ING, ppr. Shifting a boom-sail from one side of a ves- 
sel to the other. 

fGYE, v.t. I’o guide. Chaucer. 

GYM-Na'SI-UM, 77. [Gy. yvpvaaiov.] In Greece, a place 
where athletic exercises were performed. Hence, a place 
of exercise, a school. 

GYM-NAS'TIC, a. [L. gymnasticus.] Pertaining to 
athletic exercises of the body, intended for health, de- 
fense or diversion, as running, leaping, wrestling, throw- 
ing the discus, the javelin or the hoop, playing with 
balls, &c. 

* GYM-NAS*TI€, n. Athletic exercise. 

* GYM-NAS'TI-€AL-LY, ado. In a gymnastic manner ; 
athletically. Broxon. 

GYM-NAS'TI€S, 77. The gymnastic art ; the art of per- 
forming athletic exercises. 

*GYM'NI€, a. [L. gxjxnnicus.] 1. Pertaining to athletic 
exercises of the body. 2. Performing athletic exer- 
cises. 

* GYM'NIG, 77. Athletic exercise. 

* GYM'NI-€AL, a. [Gr. yvpviKOs.] Pertaining to athletic 
exercises. 

GYM'NO-SOPH-IST, n. [Gr. yvpvog and croipiaTyg.] A phi- 
losopher of India, so called from his going with bare feet, 
or with little clothing. 

GYM'NO-SOPH-Y, xi. The doctrines of the Gymnosophists. 
Good. 

GYM'NO-SPERM, 77. [Gr. yvpvog and aneppa.] In botany, 
a plant that bears naked seeds. 

GYM-NO-SPERM'OUS, a. Having naked seeds. 

t GYN, V. t. To begin. 

GY-NZE'CIAN, a. [Gr. yvvaiKog, genitive of ywy.] Relat- 
ing to women. 

GY-NtE-OG'RA-CY, 77. [Gr. ywy and Tcparoj.] Govern- 
ment over which a woman may preside, 

GY-NAN'DER, n. [Gr. yvvy and avrip.] In botany, a plant 
whose stamens are inserted in the pistil. 

GY-NAN'DRI-AN, a. Having stamens inserted in the pis- 
til. * 

GYN'AR-€HY, 77. [Gr. ywy and apx^l-] Government by 
a female. Chesterfield. 

GY-NE-€0€'RA-CY, 77. [Gr. ywaiKOKparia.] Petticoat gov- 
ernment ; female power. 

GYPSE, 77. [Fr. gypse.] A kind of stone. Pocokc. 

GYP'SE-OUS, a. Of the nature of gypsum ; partaking of 
the qualities of gypsum. 

GYPSEY,) „ ,G.„By 

GYP'SY. j 

GYP'SUM, 77. [L.] Plaster-stone ; sulphate of lime ; a min- 
eral not unfrequently found in crystals, often in amor- 
phous masses, and 'which is of great use in agriculture 
and the arts. 

GY'RAL, a. Whirling; moving in a circular form. 

GY-Ra'TION, 77. [L. gyratio.] A turning or whirling 
round ; a circular motion. Kcxeton. 

GYRE, 77 . [L. gyrus.] A circular motion, or a circle de- 
scribed by a moving body ; a turn. 

GYRE, V. t. To turn round. Bp. Hall. 

GYRED, a. Falling in rings. Shak. 

GYR'FAL-€ON, n. [Fr. gerfault.] A species of falco or 
hawk. See* Falcon. 

GYR'O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. yvpog and pavreia ] A kind of 
divination performed by walking round in a circle or 
ring. 

* GYVE, 77 . [W. gevxjn.] Gyves are fetters or shackles for 
the legs. 

GYVE, V. t. To fetter ; to shackle ; to chain. Shak. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE B^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


HAC 


394 


HAG 


H. 


H is the eighth letter of the English Alphabet. It is not 
strictly a vowel, nor an articulation, but the mark of 
a stronger breathing than that which precedes the utter- 
ance of any other letter. It is pronounced with an expi- 
ration of breath, which, preceding a vowel, is perceptible 
by the ear at a considerable distance. Thus, harm and 
«r7», hear and car, heat and eat, are distinguished at al- 
most any distance at which the voice can be heard. In 
English, h is sometimes mute, as in honor, honest; also 
wJien united with g, as in right, Jight, brought. In which, 
what, who, 7oho7n, and some other words in which it fol- 
lows w, it is pronounced before it, hirAch, hwat, &c. 

Ha.~ An exclamation, denoting surprise, joy or grief. With 
the first or long sound of a, it is used as a question, and is 
equivalent to “ What do you say f” When repeated, ha, 
ha, it is an expression of laughter. 

HA, V. i. To express surprise ; to hesitate. 

HAAK, n. A fish. .Ainsworth. 

Ha'BE-AS EOR'PUS. [L. have the body.] A writ for de- 
livering a pei-son from false imprisonment, wr for remov- 
ing a person from one court to another, &c. 
HAB'Ell-DASH-ER, n. A seller of small wares. 
HAB^ER-DASH-ER-Y, n. The goods and wares sold by a 
haberdasher. 

HAB'ER-DINE, n. A dried salt cod. Aijisworth. 
HA-BER'GE-ON, n. [Fr. haubergeon.l A coat of mail or 
armor to defend tlie neck and breast. 

IHAB'ILE, a. Fit; proper. Spenser. 

HA-BIL'I-MENT, 71. [Ft. habilleinent.] A garment; cloth- 
ing; usually in the plural, habiliments. 
t HA-BILT-TATE, 77. t. [Fr. habiliter.] To qualify, 
t HA-BIL-I-T action, 71. Qualification. Bacon. 
HA-BIL'I-TY. See Ability. 

H AB'IT, 77. [Fr. habit ; Sp. habito.l 1. Garb ; dress ; 
clothes or garments in general. 2. A coat worn by ladies 
over other garments. 3. State of any thing, implying 
some continuance or permanence ; temperament or partic- 
ular state of a body. 4. A disposition or condition of the 
mind or body, acquired by custom or a frequent repetition 
of the same act. 

HABTT, V. t. To dress ; to clothe ; to array. 

I H AB'IT, 77. 7. To dwell ; to inhabit. Chaucer. 
HABT-TA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. habitabills .] That may be in- 
habited or dwelt in ; capable of sustaining human beings. 
HABT-TA-BLE-NESS, n. Capacity of being inhabited. 
HAB'I-TA-BLY, adv. In such a manner as to be habitable. 
Forsyth. 

t HAB'I-TANCE, 77. Dwelling; abode; residence. . 
HAB'I-TAN-CY, 77. Legal settlement or inhabitancy. 
HABT-TANT, n. [Fr. ; L. habitans.] An inhabitant; a 
dweller; a resident; one who has a permanent abode in 
a place. Pope. 

HAB'I-TAT, 77. Habitation. Fleming. 

HAB-I-TA'TION, 77. [h. habitatio.] 1. Act of inhabiting ; 
state of dwelling. 2. Place of abode ; a settled dwelling ; 
a mansion ; a house or other place in which man or. any 
animal dwells. 

1 1! AB'I-TA-TOR, n. [L.] A dweller; an inhabitant. 
HAB'IT-ED, a. 1. Clothed; dressed. 2. Accustomed; 
[not usual.] 

HA-BIT'LT-AL, a. [Fr. hahituel.] I. Formed or acquired 
by habit, frequent use or custom. 2. Customary ; ac- 
cording to habit. 3. Formed by repeated impressions; 
rendered permanent by continued causes. 
HA-BIT'C-AL-LY, adv. By habit; customarily; by fre- 
quent practice or use. 

HA-BIT'U-ATE, 77. t. [Fx. haKtuer.] 1. To accustom ; to 
make familiar by frequent use or practice. 2. To settle 
as an inhabitant in a place. Temple. 

HA-BIT'U-ATE, a. 1. Inveterate by custom. Hammond. 
2. Formed by habit. Tonple. 

H.^-BIT'LT- \-TED, pp. Accustomed ; made familiar by use. 
II A-BIT'U-A-TING, ppr. Accustoming ; making easy and 
familiar by practice. 

HAB'l-TUDE, 77. [Fr. ; L. habitudo.] 1. Relation; re- 
spect; state with regard to something else ; [little used.] 
South. 2. Frequent intercourse ; familiarity ; [not usual.] 
3. Customary manner or mode of life ; repetition of the 
same acts. 4. Custom ; habit. Drydcn. 

■[Ha'BLE, a. [L. habilis.] Fit; proper. Spenser. See 
Able. 

HAB'NAB, adv. [hap ne hap.] At random; by chance; 

without order or rule. Hudibras. 

HACK, 77. t. [Sax. hacean ; D. haklcen.] 1. To cut irregu- 
larly and into small pieces ; to notch ; to mangle by re- 
peated strokes of a cutting instrument. 2. To speak with 
stops or catches ; to speak with hesitation. 


HACK, 77. A notch ; a cut. Shah. 

HACK, 77. 1. A horse kept for hire; a horse much used in 
draught or in hard service ; any thing exposed to hire or 
used in common ; [from hackney.] 2. A coach or other 
carriage kept for hire ; [from hackney.] 3. Hesitating or 
faltering speech. 4. A rack for feeding cattle ; [local.] 

HACK, a. Hired. Wakefield. 

HACK, 77. 7. 1. To be exposed or offered to common use for 
hire ; to turn prostitute. 2. To make an effort to raise 
phlegm. See Hawk. 

HACKED, pp. Chopped ; mangled. 

HACK'ING, ppr. Chopping into small pieces ; mangling ; 
mauling. 

HAC'KLE, 77. t. [G. /7cc/7eZ/7.] 1. To comb flax or hemp; 

to separate the coarse part of these substances from the 
fine. 2. To tear asunder. Burke. 

HAC'KLE, 77. 1. A hatchel. [7V7c latter word is used in 
the U. States.] 2. Raw silk ; any flimsy substance un- 
spun. 3. A ny for angling, dressed with feathers or silk. 

HACK'LY, a. Rough; broken as if hacked. — In mineralo- 
gy, having fine, short and sharp points on the surface. 

HACK'MA-TACK, n. A name of the red larch. 

HACK'NEY, 77. [Fr. haejuenee ; Sp. hacajiea.] 1. A jiad ; 
a nag ; a pony. 2<> A horse kept for hire ; a horse much 
used. 3. A coach or other carriage kept for hire, and oft- 
en exposed in the streets of cities. 'I'he word is some- 
times contracted to hack. 4. Any thing much used or 
used in common ; a hireling ; a prostitute. 

HACK'NEY, o. 1. Let out for hire; devoted to common 
use. 2. Prostitute; vicious for hire. 3. Much used; 
common ; trite. 

HACK'NEY, 77. t. 1. To use much; to practice in one 
thing ; to make trite. 2. To carry in a hackney-coach. 

HA€K'NEY-€oACH. Sec Hackney. 

HAGK'NEY-CoACH'MAN, n. A man who drives a hack- 
ney-coach. 

HACK'NEYED, pp. 1. Used much or in common. 2. 
Practiced ; accustomed. 

HA€K'NEY-TNG, ppr. Using much ; accustoming. 

HA€K'NEY-MAN, n. A man who lets horses and carriages 
for hire. Barret. 

t HAGK'STER, n. A bully ; a ruffian or assassin. 

t HA€'QUE-TON, 77. [Fr. hoqueton.] A stuffed jacket. 

HAD, pret. and pp. of have. 

HAD-I-WIS'P'. A proverbial expression. Oh that I had 
known ! 

t IIAD'DER, 77. [G.heide.] Heath. Sec Heath. 

HAD'DOGK, 77. [Ir. codog. ] A fish. 

HADE, 77. Among miners, the steep descent of a shaft. — In 
mining, the inclination or deviation from the vertical of a 
mineral vein. 

HAF'FLE, 77. i. To speak unintelligibly ; to waver; to pre- 
varicate. 

HAFT, 77. [Sax. /7o?/t.] A handle; that part of an instru- 
ment or vessel which is taken into the liand. 

HAFT, V. t. To set in a haft ; to furnish with a handle. 

I HAFT'ER, 77. [W. /7a/a777.] Acaviler; a wrangler. 

HAG, 77. [Sax. hmgessc.] 1. An ugly old woman. 2. A 
witch ; a sorceress ; an enchantress. 3. A fury ; a she- 
monster. 4. A cartilaginous fish. 5. Appearances of 
light and fire on horses’ manes or men’s hair were former- 
ly called hags. 

HAG, 7 ’. t. 1. To harass ; to torment. Butler. 2. To tire; 
to weary with vexation. 

HAG, 77. t. [a corruption of hack.] To cut down. Craven 
dialect. 

HAG'BORN, a. Born of a hag or witch. Shak. 

HAG'GARD, ) a. [G. hager.] 1. Literally, having a rag- 

FIAG'ARD, 1 ged look, as if hacked or gashed. Hence, 
lean; meager; rough; having eyes sunk in their orbits; 
ugly. 2. Wild ; fierce ; intractable. 

HAG'GARD, n. 1. Any thing wild and intractable. 2. A 
species of hawk. 3. A hag. 

HAG'GARD, n. [Sax. haga.] A stack-yard. 

HAG'GARD-LY, adv. In a haggard or ugly manner; with 
deformity. Di-yden. 

HAG'GED, a. Lean ; ugly ; like a hag. Gray. 

HAG'GESS, 77. 1. A mess of meat, generally pork, chop- 
ped and inclosed in a membrane. 2. A sheep’s head and 
pluck minced. Entick. 

H AG'GLE, 77. t. [W. hag.] To cut into small pieces ; to 
notch or cut in an unskilful manner ; to make rough by 
cutting ; to mangle. 

HAG'GLE, 77.7. To be difficult in bargaining ; to hesitate 
and cavil. See Higgle. 

HAG'GLED, pp. Cut irregularly into notches ; made rough 
by cutting ; mangled. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, IMARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


HAL 395 HAL 


HAG'GLER, 71. 1. One who haggles. 2. One who cavils, 
hesitates and makes difficulty in bargaining. 
HAG'GLING, Hacking j mangling j caviling and hesi- 
tuting in bargaining. 

HAGUES, or HAGUES, 71. plu. [Teut. haegh.l Haws. 
Orose. 

HAG-l-OG'RA-PHAL, a. Pertaining to hagiography, which 
scc» 

HAG-I-OG'RA-PHER, 71. A writer of holy or sacred books. 
HAG-I-OG'RA-PHY, 71. [Gr. ayio^ and ypacprj ; L. hagiog- 
rapha.'] Sacred writings. 

HAG'ISH, a. Of the nature of a hag ; deformed ; ugly j hor- 
rid. Shak. 

HAG'-RID-DEN, a. Afflicted with the night-mare. 
HAG'SHIP, 71 . The state or title of a hag or witch. 
HAGUE'BUT. See Arquebuse. 

HAH. An exclamation expressing surprise or effort. 

HAIL, 71 . [Sax. hcegel, or hagel.'j Masses of ice or frozen 
vapor, falling from the clouds in showers or storms. 
HAIL, V. i. To pour down masses of ice or frozen vapors. 
HAIL, V. t. To pour. Shak. 

HAIL, a. [Sax. hal.] Sound; whole; healthy. [In this 
sense, it is usually written hale.] 

HAIL. An exclamation, or rather a verb in the imperative 
mode, being the adjective hail, used as a verb. Hail, be 
well ; be in health ; health to you ; a term of salutation. 
HAIL, 71 . A wish of health ; a salutation. Milto 7 i. 

HAIL, V. t. To call ; to call to a person at a distance, to ar- 
rest his attention. 

HAILED, pp. Called to from a distance; accosted. 
HAIL'ING, ppr. 1. Saluting; calling to from a distance. 
2._ Pouring down hail. 

t HaIL'SHOT, 71 . Small shot which scatter like hailstones. 
HaIL'STONE, 71 . A single mass of ice falling from a cloud. 
prTjdeTi. 

HaIL'Y, a. Consisting of hail. Pope. 

HaIN'OUS, a. [Fr. haiaeux.] See Heinous. 

HAIR, 71 . [Sax. hter.] 1. A small filament issuing from 
the skin of an animal, and from a bulbous root. 2. The 
collection or mass of filaments growing from the skin of 
an animal, and forming an integument or covering. 3. 
Any thing very small or fine ; or a very small distance ; 
the breadth of a hair. 4. A trifling value. 5. Course ; 
order ; grain ; the hair falling in a certain direction ; [06s.] 
6. Long, straight and distinct filaments on the surface of 
plants ; a species of down or pubescence. 

H AIR'BELL, n. A plant, a species of hyacinth. 
HAIR'-BRAINED. See Hare-brained. 

H AIR'-BREADTH, ?i. The diameter or breadth of a hair ; 
a very small distance. 

HAIR'CLOTH, 71. Stuff or cloth made of hair; or in part 
1 with hair. 

HAIRED, a. Having hair. Purchas. 

HAIR'HUNG, a. Hanging by a hair. YouTig. 

HAIR'LACE, 71 . A fillet for tying up the hair of the head. 
HAIR'LESS, a. Destitute of hair ; bald. Shak. 
HAIRT-NESS, 71. [from hainj.] The state of abounding or 
being covered with hair. Johnson. 

H^IR'PI^ I ^ dressing the hair. 

HAIR'POVV-DER, n. A fine powder of flour for sprinkling 
the hair of the head. 

HAIR'-SALT, 71 . [G. haar-salz.] A mixture of the sul- 
phates of magnesia and iron. 

HAIR'VVoRM, n. A genus of worms. 

HAIR'Y, a. 1. Overgrown with hair ; covered with hair; 
abounding with hair. 2. Consisting of hair. 3. Resem- 
bling hair ; of the nature of hair. 

HAKE, 71 . A kind of fish, the gadus 7 nerlucitis. 

HAKE, v.i. To sneak ; to loiter; to go about idly. Grose. 
HAK^OT, n. A fish. Ainsicorth. 

HAL, in some names, signifies hall. 

HAL'BERD, n. [Fr. halleharde.] A military weapon, con- 
sisting of a pole or shaft of wood, having a head armed 
with a steel point, with a cross-piece of steel. 
HAL-BER-DIeR^, n. One who is armed with a halberd. 

^ HAL'CYON, (haPshun) 71. [L. halnjon.] The name an- 
ciently given to the king-fisher, otherwise called alccdo ; 
a bird that was said to lay her eggs in nests, on rocks near 
the sea, during the calm weather about the winter sol- 
stice. 

HAL'CYON, a. Calm ; quiet ; peaceful ; undisturbed ; hap- 
py. IIalc 7 jon days were seven days before and as many 
after the winter solstice, when the weather was calm. 
Hence, by halcijon days are now understood days of peace 
and tranquillity. 

HAL-CY-O'NI-AN, a. Halcyon ; calm. Sheldon. 

HALE, a. [Sax. hal.] Sound; entire; healthy; robust; not 
impaired. See Hail. 
t HALE, 71. Welfare. Spenser. 

*HALE, (hawl) v. t. [Sw. hala ; Fr. haler.] To pull or 
draw with force ; to drag. This is now more generally 
written and pronounced haul. See Haul. 

IL^F, (hiif) 71. ^ plu. Halves, (havz). [Sax. half , or healf.] 


One equal part of a thing which is divided into two 
parts ; a moiety. 

t. To divide into halves. See Halve. 

HALF, adv. In part, or in an equal part or degree. 

HALF'-BLoOD, n. Relation between persons born of the 
same father or of the same mother, but not of both. The 
word is sometimes used as an adjective. 

HALF'-BL60D-ED, a. 1. Mean; degenerate; [little used.j 
2. Proceeding from a male and female, each of full blood , 
but of different breeds. 

HALF'-BRED, a. Mixed ; mongrel ; mean. 

HALF'-CAP, 71 . A cap not wholly put on. 

HALF'-DEAD, a. Almost dead ; nearly exhausted. 

t HALF^EN, a._ Wanting half its due qualities. Speziser. 

i HALF'EN-DeAL, adv. [Teut. halfdeel.] Nearly half. 
Spenser. 

HALF'ER, 71. One that possesses half only. 2. A male fal- 
low deer gelded. 

HALF'-Fa(.T']D, a. Showing only part of the face. 

HALF'-IIATCIIED, a. Imperfectly hatched. 

HALF'-HE ARD, a. Imperfectly heard ; not heard to the end. 

HALF^-LEARNED, a. Imperfectly learned. South. 

HALF'-LOST, a. Nearly lost. Miito7i. 

HALF'-MARK, 71. A coin ; a noble, or 6s. 8d. sterling. 

HALF'-MOON, 71. 1. The moon at the quarters, when 
half its disk appears illuminated. 2. Any thing in the 
shape of a half moon. — In fortification, an outwork com- 
posed of two faces, forming a salient angle, whose gorge is 
in the form of a crescent or half-moo 7 i. 

HALF'-PART, 71. An equal part. Shak. 

HALF'-PaY, n. Half the amount of wages or salary ; as, 
an officer retires on half-pay. 

IIALF'-PaY, a. Receiving or entitled to half-pay. 

* HALF'-PEN-NY, (hap'pen-ny, or ha'pmi-ny) /». A copper 
coin of the value of half a penny ; also, the value of half 
a penny. It is used in the plural. 

* IIALF'-PEN-NY, a. Of tre price or value of half a penny. 

*HALF'-PEN-NY-W6RTH, 71. The value of a half-penny. 

HALF'-PiKE, 71 . 1. A small pike carried by officer. 2. 

A small pike used in boarding ships. JMar. Diet. 

HALF'-PINT, 7i. The half of a pint or fourth of a quart. 
Pope. 

HALF'-READ, a. Superficially informed by reading. Dt7j- 
den. 


HALF'-S€HOL-AR, n. One imperfectly learned. 

HALF'-SeAS o'VER. A low expression denoting half- 
drunk. 

HALFf-STGHT'ED, a. Seeing imperfectly ; having weak 
discernmeiU. Baco7i. 

HALF'-SPHeRE, 71. A hemisphere. B. Jonson. 

HALF'-STARVED, a. Almost starved. 

HALF'-STRaINED, a. Half-bred ; imperfect. 

HALF'-SWoRD, 77. Within half the length of a sword; 
close fight. Shak. 

HALF'-WaY, adv. In the middle ; at half the distance. 

HALF'-WaY, a. Equally distant from the extremes ; as, a 
half-way house. 

PIALF^-WIT, 77. A foolish person ; a dolt ; a blockhead. 

HALF'-WIT-TED, a. Weak in intellect; silly ; foolish. 

HALT-BUT, 71. A fish of the genus pZe7tro77Cctes. 

I HAL'I-DOM, 71. [Sax. haligdomc.] Adjuration by what 
is holy. Spc7iser. 

HAL'I-MASS, 71. [Sax. halig, and 77iass.] The feast of All- 
Souls. 

HALflNG. See Hauling. 

t HA-LIT'U-OUS, a. [L. halitus.] Like breath ; vaporous. 
Bo7jle. 

HALL, n. [Sax. heal.] 1. In architecture, a large room at 
the entrance of a house or palace. 2. An edifice in which 
courts of justice are held ; as, Westminster Hall. 3. A 
manor-house, in which courts were formerly held. 4. A 
college, or large edifice belonging to a collegiate institu- 
tion. 5. A room for a corporation or public assembly ; as, 
a town-7iaZZ. 6. A collegiate body in the univei-sities of 
Oxford and Cambridge. 

[Heb. n' iSSn praise 
ye Jah or Jehovah ; 
improperly written hallelujah.] Praise ye Jehovah ; give 


HAL-LE-Lfi'JAH, 

HAL-LE-LU'IAH, 


(hal-le 


•la'ya) ] "•, 


praise to God ; a word used in songs of praise, as a noun, 
or as an exclain atio7i. 
j HAL-LE-LU-JATTC, a. Denoting a song of thanksgiv- 


ing. 

HAL'LIARD, (haPyard) 7i. A rope or tackle for hoisting or 
lowering a sail. Mar. Diet. 

HAL'LI-ER, 71. A kind of net for catching birds. 

* IIAL'LOO, V. i. [7’his seems to belong to the family of 
cctll ; Fr. haler.] To cry out ; to exclaim with a loud 
voice; to call toby name, or by the word halloo. Sidney. 

HAL-LOO', V. t. 1. To encourage with shouts. 2. To 
chase witli shouts. 3. To call or shout to. 

HAL-LOO', an exclamation, used as a call to invite atten- 
tion. 

HAL'LOO-ING, ppr. Crying out ; as a noun, a loud out- 
cry. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


HAM 


/ 


896 


HAN 


HAL'LoW, V. t. [Sax. haligatiy or halgian.'^ 1 . To make 
Jioly ; to consecrate ; to set apart for holy or religious use. 
2 . To devote to holy or religious exercises ; to treat as sa- 
cred. 3 . To reverence ; to honor as sacred. 

HAL'LoWED, pp. Consecrated to a sacred use, or to re- 
ligious exercises ; treated as sacred j reverenced. 

HAL'LoW-ING, ppr. Setting apart for sacred purposes ; 
consecrating j devoting to religious exercises ; reverenc- 
ing. 

HAL'LoW-MAS, n. The feast of All- Souls. 

t HAL-LU'CI-NATE, v. i. [L. halhicinattts ] To stumble ; 
to blunder. 

HAL-LU-CI-Na'T 10 N, n. [L. hallucinatio.] 1 . Error ; 
blunder ; mistake. Addison. — 2 . In medicine^ faulty sense 
[dysoBsthesia] or erroneous imagination. 

HALM, (hawm) n. [Sax. healm.] Sec Haum. 

Ha'LO, 71 . A circle appearing round the body of the sun, 
moon or stars, called also corona^ or crown. 

HA'LOW, or HE'LOW, a. Shy ; awkward 3 bashful. 
Grose. 

t HALSE, 71 . [Sax. hals.] The neck or throat. Chaucer. 

j HxALSE, (hals) v. i. To embrace about the neck 3 to ad- 
jure 3 to greet. 

f HAL'SEN-ING, a. Sounding harshly in. the throat or 
tongue. Carew. 

HALS'ER, (hawz'er) n. A large rope of a size between the 
cable and the tow-line. See Hawser. 

HALT, V. i. [Sax. healt.] 1 . To stop in walking 3 to hold. 
2 . To limp 3 that is, to stop with lameness. 3 . To hesi- 
tate 3 to stand in doubt whetlier to proceed, or what to do. 

4 . To fail 3 to falter. 

HALT, V. t. To stop 3 to cause to cease marching 3 a mili- 
tary term. Washington. 

HALT, a. [Sax. healt.'] Lame 3 that is, holding or stopping 
in walking. 

HALT, 71 . 1 . A stopping 3 a stop in marching. 2 . The act 
of limping. 

HALT'ER, 71 . One who halts or limps. 

HALT'ER, n. [G. halter.] 1 . A rope or strap and head- 
stall for leading or confining a horse. 2 . A rope for hang- 
ing malefactors. 3 . A strong cord or string. 

HALT'ER, V. t. To put a halter on. 2 . To catch and hold, 
or to bind with a rope or cord. 

HALT'ING, ppr. Stopping 3 limping. 

HALT^ING-LY, adv. With limping 3 slowly. 

HALVE, (hav) V. t. [from half.] To divide into two equal 
parts. 

HALVED, a. In botany^ hemispherical 3 covering one side 3 
placed on one side. 

HALVES, (havz) n.', plu. of half. Two equal parts of a 
thing. — To cry halves., is to claim an equal share. — To go 
halves., is to have an equal share. 

HAM [Sax. ham, a house] is our modern word home, [G. 
heim.] It is used in ha)nlet, and in the names of places, as 
in Wait-ham, wood-house, wait, a wood, and ham, a 
house. 

HAM, 71 . [Sax. ham.] 1 . The inner or hind part of the 
knee 5 the inner angle of the joint which unites the thigh 
and the leg of an animal. 2 . The thigh of a beast, partic- 
ularly of a hog, salted and dried in smoke. 

HAM'A-DRV-AD, u. [Gr. apa and A wood nymph. 

Spectator. 

HAM'ATE, a. [L. hamatiis.] Hooked 5 entangled. 

HAM'A-TED, a. [L. hamatus.] Hooked or set with hooks. 
Swift. 

t HAM'BLE, V. t. [Sax. hamelan.] To hamstring. 

HAME, .11.; plu. IIames. [G. kummet.] A kind of collar for 
a draught horse. 

HAM'ITE, 71 . The fossil remains of a curved shell. 

HAM'LET, 7/. [Sax. ham ; Fr. hamcau.] A small village 3 
a little cluster of houses in the country. 

HAM'LET-ED, a. Accustomed to a hamlet, or to a country 
life. Feltham. 

HAM'MER, 71 . [Sax. hamer.] An instrument for driving 
nails, beating metals, and the like. 

HAM'MER, V. t. 1 . To beat with a hammer. 2 . To form 
or forge with a hammer 3 to shape by beating. 3 . To 
work in the mind 3 to contrive by intellectual labor. 

HAM'MER, v.i. 1 . To work 3 to be busy 3 to labor in con- 
trivance. 2 . To be working or in agitation. 

HAM'MER-A-BLE, a. That may be shaped by a hammer. 
Sherwood. 

HAM'MER-€LOTH, n. The cloth which covers a coach- 
box. Pegge. 

HAIVI'MEilED, pp. Beaten with a hammer. 

HAM'AIER-ER, n. One who works with a hammer. 

HAM'MER-HARU, 71. Iron or steel hardened by hammer- 
ing. Moxon. 

HaM'MER-ING, ppr. Beating with a hammer 3 working 3 
contriving. 

HAM'MER-AIAN, n. One who beats or works with a ham- 
mer. 

HAAFMER-W6RT, n. An herb. Todd. 

HAAI'MITE. See Ammite. 


HAM'MOO, 77. [Sp. /ictTnaca.] A kind of hanging bed, sus- 
pended between trees or posts, or by hooks. 

HAAFOUS, [L. humus.] Hooked 3 having the end hooked 
or curved 3 a term of botany. 

PIAAI'PER, 7J. [contracted Worn hanaper.] 1 . A large bas- 
ket ibr conveying things to market, &c. 2 . Fetters, or 
some instrument that shackles. 

HAAFPER, V. t. 1 . To shackle 3 to entangle 3 hence, to 
impede in motion or progress, or to render progress diffi- 
cult. Tillotson. 2 . To insnare 3 to inveigle 5 to catch with 
allurements. 3 . To tangle 3 to render complicated. 4 . 
To perplex 3 to embarrass. 

HAAFPERED, pp. Shackled 3 entangled 3 insnared 3 per- 
plexed. 

H AM'PER-ING, p/7r. Shackling 3 entangling 3 perplexing. 

HAAFSTER, n. [G. hamster.] A species of rat. 

HAAFSTRING, n. The tendons of the ham. Wiseman. 

HAAFSTRING, v. t.; pret. and pp. hamstrung, or hamstring- 
ed. To cut the tendons of the ham, and thus to lame or 
disable. 

HAN, for have, in the plural. Spenser. 

HAN'A-PER, 71 . [Norm, hanap.] The hanaper was a kind 
of basket used in early days by the kings of England, for 
holding and carrying with them their money, as they 
journeyed from place to place. 

t HANCE, HAUNCE, for enhance. See Enhance. 

HAN'CES, n. plu. [L. 1 . In architecture, the ends 

of elliptical arches. — 2 . In a ship, falls of the fife-rails 
placed on balusters on the poop and quarter-deck down to 
the gangway. 

HAND, n. [Sax. AoTuf, bond ; G. and D. hand.] 1 . In man, 
the extremity of the arm, consisting of the palm and fin- 
gers, connected with the arm at the wrist. — 2 . In falcon- 
ry, the foot of a hawk 3 and, in the manege, the fore-foot 
ot a horse. 3 . A measure of four inches 3 a palm. 4 . 
Side 3 part 3 right or left 3 as, on the one hand or the other. 

5 . Act 3 deed 3 performance 3 external action 3 that is, the 
effect for the cause, the hand being the instrument of ac- 
tion. 6. Power of performance 3 skill. 7 . Power of 
making or producing. 8. Manner of acting or perform- 
ance. 9 . Agency 3 part in performing or executing. 10 . 
Conveyance 3 agency in transmitting. 11. Possession 3 
power. 12 . The cards held at a game 3 hence, a game. 
13 . That which performs the office of the hand or of a 
finger in pointing. 14 . A person ; an agent 5 a man em- 
ployed in agency or service. 15 . Form of writing 3 style 
of penmanship. 16 . Agency 5 service 3 ministry. 

At hand. 1. Near 5 either present and within reach, or not 
far distant. 2 . Near in time 3 not distant. — In hand. 1 . 
present payment 3 in respect to the receiver. 2 . In a 
state of execution. — On hand. 1 . In present possession. 
2 . Under one’s care or management. — Offhand, without 
delay, hesitation or difficulty 3 immediately ; dextrously3 
without previous preparation. — Out of hand, ready pay- 
ment 3 with regard to the payer. — To his hand, to my hand, 

6. C., in readiness 3 already prepared ; ready to be receiv- 
ed. — Under his hand, under her hand, &,c., with the proper 
writing or signature of the name. — Hand over head, negli- 
gently 3 rashly 3 without seeing what one does. Bacon. — 
Hand over hand, by passing the hands alternately one be- 
fore or above another, as to climb hand over hand ,• also, 
rap'idly, as to come up with a chase hand over hand ; used 
by seamen. Mar. Diet. — Hand to hand, in close union 3 
close fight. — Hand in hand, in union 3 conjointly 3 united- 
ly. — To join hand in hand, is to unite efforts and act in con- 
cert. — Hand in hand, fit 5 pat 5 suitable. — Hand to mouth. 
To live from hand to mouth, is to obtain food and other 
necessaries as want requires. — To bear a hand, to hasten 3 
a seamaiPs phrase. — To be hand and glove, to be intimate 
and familiar. — To set the hand to, to engage in 5 to under- 
take. — To take in hand, to attempt ; to undertake. — To 
have a hand in, to be concerned in ; to have a part or con- 
cern in doing 3 to have an agency in. — To jnit the last 
hand or finishing hand to, to complete 3 to perfect. — 7 'o 
change hands, to change sides 3 to shift. — A heavy hand, 
severity or oppression . — 4 light hand, gentleness ; moder- 
ation. — A strict hand, severe discipline 5 rigorous govern- 
ment. — Hands off, a vulgar plirase for keep oft', forbear. — 
To wash the hands, to profess innocence. — To kiss the hand, 
imports adoration. — I'o lean on the hand, imports familiar- 
itj\ — To sti’ike hands, to make a contract, or to become 
surety for another’s debt or good behavior. — Putting the 
hand under the thigh was an ancient ceremony used in 
swearing. — To give the hand, is to make a covenant with 
one, or to unite with him in design. — Clean hands de- 
notes innocence and a blameless and holy life. Ps. xxiv. 
— A slack hand denotes idleness 3 carelessness 3 sloth. — 
The right hand denotes power 3 strength. 

HAND, V. t. 1 . To giv'e or transmit with the liand. 2 . To 
lead, guide and lift with tlie hand 3 to conduct. 3 . To 
manage. 4 . To seize 3 to lay hands on 3 \ not used .] — 5 . 
In seamanship, to furl 3 to wrap or roll a sail close to the 
yard, stay or mast, and fasten it with gaskets. — To hand 


* See Synopsis. 


HAN 


397 


HAN 


(Imcn^ to transmit in succession, as from father to son, or 
from predecessor to successor. 

t HAND, V. i. To go hand in hand ; to cooperate with. 

ilAx\D'BALL,«. An ancient game with a ball. 

HAND'BAR-RoW, n. A barrow or vehicle borne by the 
hands of men and without a wheel. 

HAN1)'BaSK-ET, 71. A small or portable basket. 

IIAND'BELL, n. A small bell rung by the handj a table 
bell. Bacon. 

HAND'BoVV, n. A bow managed by the hand. 

IIAND'BREADTH, ii. A space equal to the breadth of the 
hand ; a palm. Ez. xxv. 

IIAND'€LOTH, n. A handkerchief. 

HAND'CUFF, n. [Sax. handcopse.\ A manacle, consisting 
of iron rings for the wrists. 

II AND'€UFF, V. t. To manacle ; to confine the hands with 
handcuffs. 

HANU'€RAFT, ii. Work performed by the hands j usually 
written handicraft. 

IIAND'ED, pp. Given or transmitted by the hands j conduct- 
ed ; furled. 

IIAND'ED, a. 1. With hands joined. Milton. — 2. In com- 
position^ as right-handed j most dextrous or strong with the 
right hand. — Left-handed, having the left hand most strong 
and convenient for principal use. 

HAND'ER, n. One who hands or transmits. 

I HAND'FAST, ?i. Hold 5 custody 5 power of confining or 
keeping. 

t HAND'FAST, a. Fast by contract ; firm. 

I HAND'FAST, V. t. [Sax. hand fcestan.] To pledge j to be- 
troth ; to bind ; to join solemnly by the hand. 

I HAND'FAST-ING, 71. A kind of betrothing, or marriage 
contract. 

IIAND'-FET-TER, n. A fetter for the hand ; a manacle. 

HAND'FUL, 71. I. As much as the hand will grasp or con- 
tain. 2. As much as the arms will embrace. 3. A palm ; 
four inches ; [06s.] 4. A small quantity or number. 5. 

As much as can be done ; full employment. 

HAND'GAL-LOP, n. A slow and easy gallop, in which 
the hand presses the bridle to hinder increase of speed. 

HAND'GLASS, ?i. In gardening, a glass used for placing 
over, protecting and forwarding various plants, in win- 
ter. 

HAND-GRE-NaDE', 71. A grenade to be thrown by the 
hand. 

HAND'GUN, n. A gun to be used by the hand. 

HAND'I-CRAFT, n. [Sax. handcrceft.] 1. Manual occu- 
pation ; work performed by the hand. 2. A man who 
obtains his living by manual labor 5 one skilled in some 
mechanical art. 

HAND'I-€RAFTS-MAN, n. A man skilled or employed in 
manual occupation ; a manufacturer. 

HAND'I-LY, adv. 1. With dexterity or skill ; dextrously ; 
adroitly. 2. With ease or convenience. 

HAND'I-NESS, 71. The ease of performance derived from 
practice ; dexterity ; adroitness. Chesterfield. 

HANDH-W6RK, 71. [for hand-work.'] 1. Work of the 
hands ; product of manual labor ; manufacture. 2. Work 
performed by power and wisdom. 

HANDftCER-CHlEF, 71 . [hand and kerchief.] 1. A piece 
of cloth, usually silk or linen, carried about the person 
for the purpose of cleaning the face or hands, as occasion 
requires. 2. A piece of cloth to be worn about the neck, 
and sometimes called a 7iecker chief. 

t HAND'D AN-GU AGE, n. The art of conversing by the 
hands. 

HAN'DLE, v.t. [G. handeln.] 1. To touch ; to feel with 
the hand ; to use or hold with the hand. 2. To manage ; 
to use ; to wield. 3. To make familiar by frequent touch- 
ing. 4. To treat ; to discourse on ; to discuss ; to use or 
manage in writing or speaking. 5. To use ; to deal with ; 
to practice. 6. To treat 5 to use well or ill. 7. To man- 
age ; to practice on ; to transact with. 

HAxN'DLE, 71. [Sax.; qu. L. ansa.] 1. That part of a ves- 
sel or instrument which is held in the hand when used, 
as the haft of a sword. 2. That of which use is made ; 
the instrument of effecting a purpose. 

HAN'DLE- A'BLE, a. That may be handled. Sherwood. 

HAND'LEAD, 71. A lead for sounding. 

HAN'DLED, pp. Touched; treated; managed. 

HAND'LESS, a. Without a hand. Shak. 

HAND'LING, Touching; feeling; treating; man- 

aging. 

HAND'MAID, ) n. A maid that waits at hand ; a fe- 
ll AND'MAID-EN, I male servant or attendant. 

HAND'MILL, n. A mill moved by the hand. Dr7jden. 

IIAND'SaILS, n. Sails managed by the hand. 

HAND'S AW, n. A saw to be used with the hand. 

HAND'SGREW, n. An engine for raising heavy timbers 
or weights ; a jack. 

HAND'SEL, n. [Dan. handsel.] 1. The first act of using 
any thing ; the first sale. 2. An earnest ; money for the 
first sale ; [little used.] Hooker. 

HAND'SEL, V. t. To use or do any thing the first time. 


HAND'SoME, (han'sum) a. [D.handzaam.] 1. Properhj, dex- 
trous ; ready ; convenient. [See Handy.] 2. Moderately 
beautiful, as the person or other thing ; well made ; having 
symmetry of parts ; well formed. It expresses less than 
beautiful or elegant. 3. Graceful in manner ; marked with 
propriety and ease. 4. Ample ; large. 5. Neat ; correct ; 
moderately elegant. 6. Liberal ; generous. 

HAND'SoME, as a verb, to render neat or beautiful, is not 
an authorized word. l)o7me. 

HAND'SoME-LY, adv. 1. Dextrously; cleverly; with 
skill. 2. Gracefully ; with propriety and ease. 3. Neat- 
ly ; wdth due symmetry or proportions. 4. With a de- 
gree of beauty. 5. Amply; generously; liberally. 

HAND'SoME-NESS, n. 1. A moderate degree of beauty 
or elegance. 2. Grace ; gracefulness ; ease and propriety 
in manner. 

HAND'SPiKE, n. A wooden bar, used with the hand as a 
lever, for various purposes. 

HAND'STAFF, n. A javelin ; plu. Handstayes. 

HAND'ViSE, n. A vise used by hand. 

HAND'WEAP-ON, 71 . Any weapon to be wielded by the 
hand. A^imb. xxxv. 

HAND'WGRK, n. The same as handiioork. 

HAND'WoRKED, a. Made with hands. 

HAND'WRIT-ING, 71 . 1. The cast or form of writing pe- 
culiar to each hand or person. 2. Any writing. 

HAND'Y, a. [D. ha7idig.] 1. Performed by the hand ; 
[065.] 2. Dextrous ; ready ; adroit ; skilled to use the 
hands with ease in performance. 3. Ingenious ; perform- 
ing with skill and readiness. 4. Ready to the hand ; 
near. 5. Convenient ; suited to the use of the hand. 6. 
Near ; that may be used without difficulty or going to a 
d ist cc 

HAND'Y-BLoW, 71 . A blow with the hand. 

HAND'Y-DAN-DY, n. A pjay in which children' change 
hands and places. Shak. 

HAND'Y-GRIPE, 7i. Seizure by the hand. Hudibras. 

HAND'Y-STROKE, ?i. A blow inflicted by the hand. 

HANG, V. t.; pret. and pp. hanged, or hung. [Sax. ha7igan.] I. 
To suspend ; to fasten to some fixed object above, in such a 
manner as to swing or move. 2. Toputtodeath by suspend- 
ing by the neck. 3. To place without any solid support 
or foundation. 4. To fix in such a manner as to be mov- 
able. 5. To cover or furnish by any thing suspended or 
fastened to the walls. Dnjden. — To hang out. 1. To sus- 
pend in open view ; to display ; to exhibit to notice. 2. 
To hang abroad ; to suspend in the open air. — To hang 
over, to project or cause to project above. — To hang down, 
to let fall below the proper situation ; to bend down ; to 
decline. — To hang 7ip. 1. To suspend ; to place on some- 
thing fixed on high. 2. To suspend; to keep or suffer to 
remain undecided. 

HANG, V. i. 1. To be suspended ; to be sustained by some- 
thing above, so as to swing or be movable below. 2. To 
dangle ; to be loose and flowing below. 3. To bend for- 
ward or downward ; to lean or incline. 4. To float ; to 
play. 5. To be supported by something raised above the 
ground. 6. To depend ; to rest on something for support. 
7. To rest on by embracing ; to cling to. 8. To hover ; 
to impend ; with over. 9. To be delayed ; to linger. 10. 
To incline ; to have a steep declivity. 11. To be execut- 
ed by the halter. — To haixg on. 1. To adhere to, often as 
something troublesome and unwelcome. 2. To adhere 
obstinately ; to be imjwrtunate. 3. To rest ; to reside ; to 
continue. 4. To be dependent on. — 5. In seameiPs lan- 
g7iage, to hold fast without belaying ; to pull forcibly. — 
To hang in doubt, to be in suspense, or in a state of uncer- 
tainty. — To ha7ig together. 1. To be closely united ; to 
cling. 2. To be just united, so as barely to hold together. 
Shak . — To hang on or 7ipon, to drag; to be incommo- 
diously joined. — To hang to, to adhere closely ; to cling. 

HANG, 71. A sharp declivity. [Colloquial.] 

HANG'BY, 71. A dependent, hi conte7npt. Ray. 

HANGED, pp. Suspended ; put to death by being suspend- 
ed by the neck. 

HANG'ER, n. 1. That by which a thing is suspended. 2. 
A short broad sword, incurvated towards the point. 3. 
One that hangs, or causes to be hanged. 

HANG'ER-ON, n. 1. One who besets another importunate- 
ly in soliciting favors. 2. A dependent ; one who eats 
and drinks without payment. 

HANG'ING, ppr. 1. Suspending to something above. 2. 
Being suspended ; dangling ; swinging. 3. a. Foreboding 
death by the halter. 4. Requiring punisliment by the 
halter. — 

HANG'ING, 71. 1. Any kind of drapery hung or fastened to 
the walls of a room, by way of ornament. 2. Death by 
the halter. 3. Display ; exhibition. 

t HANG'ING-SLEEVES, 71 . Strips of the same stuff with 
the gown, hanging down the back from the shoulders. 

HANG'TNG-SIDE, n. In 7 nming, the overhanging side of 
an inclined or hading vein. Cyc. 

HANG'MAN, n. One who hangs another ; a public execu- 
tioner ; also, a term of reproach. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6 VE BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


EAR 


398 


IIAR 


IIANG^NEST, n. The name of certain species of birds. 
HANK, n. [Dan. hank.] 1. A skain of thread 5 as much 
thread as is tied together ; a tie. — 2. In ships, a wooden 
ring fixed to a stay, to confine the stay -sails ; used in the 
place of a grommet. 3. A rope or withy for fastening a 
gate ; [local.] 

HANK, V. t. To form into hanks. 

HANK'Ell, V, i. [D. hunkcren,] 1. To long for with a keen 
appetite and uneasiness 2. To have a vehement desire 
of something, accompanied with uneasiness. 
HANK^Ell-ING, Longing for with keen appetite or ar- 
dent desire. 

IIANK'EII-ING, 71. A keen appetite that causes uneasiness 
till it is gratified ; vehement desire to possess or enjoy. 
tllAN'KLE, v.t. [See Hank.] To twist. 

HA’NT. A contraction of have not, or has not. 

HANSE TOWNS. Hanse signifies a society ; Goth, hansa, 
a multitude. The Hanse towns, in Germany, were cer- 
tain commercial cities which associated for the protection 
of commerce, as early as the twelfth century. 
IIAN-S£-AT'I€, a. Pertaining to the Hanse towns. 

HAP, 7J. [W. hap, or hah.] 1. That which comes suddenly 
or unexpectedly ; chance ; fortune ; accident j casual 
event. 2. Misfortune ; [obsolescent.] 
t HAP, V. i. To happen ; to befall ; to come by chance. 
HAP i 

jjAp/piN ! A rug ; a coarse coverlet. 

HAP-HAZ'ARD, n. [See Hazard.] Chance ; accident. 
HAPLESS, a. Luckless ; unfortunate ; unlucky ; unhappy. 
Dryden. 

HAP'LY, adv. 1. By chance ; perhaps j it may be. 2. By 
accident ; casually. Milton. 

HAP'PEN, (hap'n) v. i. [W. hapiaw.] 1. To come by 
chance ; to come without one’s previous expectation ; to 
fall out. 2. To come ; to befall. 3. To light 5 to fall or 
come unexpectedly. 

HAPTEN, or HAPTENS, adv. Possibly ; perhaps. JSTorth 
of England. 

HAPTI-LY, adv. 1. By good fortune ; fortunately ; luckily ; 
with success. 2. In a happy state ; in a state of felicity. 
3. VVHth address or dexterity ; gracefully ; in a manner to 
insure success. 4. By chance. See Haply. 
HAPTI-NESS, n. 1. The agreeable sensations which spring 
from the enjoyment of good ; that state of a being in 
which his desires are gratified ; felicity ; but happiness 
usually expresses less than felicity, and felicity less than 
bliss. 2. Good luck ; good fortune. 3. Fortuitous ele- 
gance ; unstudied grace. 

HAPTI-FY-ING, part. a. Making happy. [Unauthorized.] 
HAPPY, a. [from hap ; W. hapus.] 1. Lucky ; fortunate ; 
successful. 2. Being in the enjoyment of agreeable sen- 
sations from the possession of good ; enjoying pleasure 
from the gratification of appetites or desires. 3. Prosper- 
ous ; having secure possession of good. 4. That supplies 
pleasure; that furnishes enjoyment ; agreeable. 5. Dex- 
trous ; ready ; able. 6. Blessed ; enjoying the presence 
and favor of God, in a future life. 7. Harmonious ; living 
in concord ; enjoying the pleasures of friendship. 8. Pro- 
pitious ; favorable. Shak. 

*HA-RANGUE', (ha-rang', or har'ang) n. [Fr. harangue.] 
1. A speech addressed to an assembly or an army ; a pop- 
ular oration ; a public address. 2. Declamation ; a noisy, 
pompous or irregular address. 

HA-RANGUE', (ha-rang') v. i. To make an address or 
speech to a large assembly ; to make a noisy speech. 
HA-RANGUE', (ha-rang') v. t. To address by oration ; as, 
the general harangued the troops. 

HA-RANGU'ER, (ha rang'er) 77. An orator; one who ad- 
dresses an assembly or army ; a noisy declaimer. 
HA-RANGU'ING, j7pr. Declaiming; addressing with noisy 
eloquence. 

HAR'ASS, V. t. [Fr. h arasscr.] 1. To weary ; to fatigue to 
excess ; to tire with bodily labor. 2. To weary with im- 
portunity, care, or perplexity ; to tease ; to perplex. 3. 
To waste or desolate ; [0/7.9.] 

HAR'ASS, n. Waste ; disturbance ; devastation. 

HAR'ASS ED, pp. Wearied ; tired ; teased. 

HAR'ASS-ER, n. One who liarasses or teases ; a spoiler. 
HAR'ASS-TNG, ppr. Tiring ; fatiguing; teasing. 
HAR'BIN-GER, n. 1. In England, an officer of the king’s 
household, who rides a day’s journey before the court 
when traveling, to provide lodgings and other accommo- 
dations. 2. A forerunner ; a precursor ; that which pre- 
cedes and gives notice of the expected arrival of some- 
- thing else. 

HAR'BOR, 77. [Sax. here-herga ; D. herberg ; Dan., Sw., G. 
herberse.] 1. A lodging ; a place of entertainment and 
rest. 2. A port or haven for ships. 3. An asylum ; a 
shelter ; a place of safety from storms or danger. 
HAR'BOR, V. t.\. To shelter ; to secure ; to secrete. 2. To 
entertain ; to permit to lodge, rest or reside. 

HAR'BOR, V. i. 1. To lodge or abide for a time ; to receive 
entertainment. 2. To take shelter, 
f HAR'BOR-AGE, n. Shelter ; entertainment. Shak. 


HAR'BORED, pp. Entertained ; sheltered. 

HAR'BOR-ER, n. One who entertains or shelters another. 

HAR'BOR-ING, ppr. Entertaining ; sheltering. 

HAR'BOR-LESS, a. Without a harbor ; destitute of shelter 
or a lodging. 

HAR'BOR-MAS-TER, n. An officer who has charge of the 
mooring of ships, and executes the regulations respecting 
harbors. Mexn York. 

f HAR'BOR-OUGH, v. t. To receive into lodging. Iluloet. 

j HAR'BOR-OUGH, n. A harbor or lodging. 

t HAR'BOR-OUS, fl. Hospitable. 

HARD, a. [Sax. heard.] 1. Finn; solid ;- compact ; not 
easily f>enetrated, or separated into parts ; not yielding to 
pressure. 2. Difficult ; not easy to the intellect. 3. Diffi- 
cult of accomplishment ; not easy to be done or executed. 
4. Full of difficulties or obstacles ; not eas}'’ to be travel- 
ed. 5. Painful ; difficult ; distressing. G. Laborious ; ta- 
tiguing ; attended with difficulty or pain, or both. 7. Op- 
pressive ; rigorous ; severe ; cruel. 8. Unfeeling ; insensi- 
ble ; not easily moved by pity ; not susceptible of tender af- 
fections. 9. Severe ; harsh ; rough ; abusive. 10. Unfitvor- 
able ; unkind ; implying blame of another. 11. Severe ; 
rigorous; oppressive. 12. Unreasonable; unjust. 13. 
Severe ; pinching with cold ; rigorous ; tempestuous. 14. 
Powerful ; forcible ; urging ; pressing close on. 15. Aus- 
tere ; rough; acid; sour; as liquors. 16. Harsh; stiff; 
forced ; constrained ; unnatural. 17. Not plentiful ; not 
prosperous ; pressing ; distressing. 18. Avaricious ; diffi- 
cult in making bargains ; close. 19. Rough ; of coarse 
features. 20. Austere ; severe ; rigorous. 21. Rude ; un- 
polished or unintelligible. 22. Coarse ; unpalatable or 
scanty. 

HARD, adv. 1. Close ; near ; as in the phrase, hard by. 2. 
With pressure ; with urgency ; hence, diligently ; labori- 
ously ; earnestly ; vehemently ; importunately. 3. With 
difficulty. 4. Uneasily ; vexatiously. 5. Closely. 6. 
Fast ; nimbly ; rapidly ; vehemently. 7. Violently ; 
with great force ; tempestuously. 8. With violence ; 
with a copious descent of water. 9. With force. — Hard- 
a-lee, m seamen^s language, an order to put the helm 
close to the lee side of the ship, to tack or keep her head 
to the wind ; also, that situation of the helm. 

HARD'-BE-SET'TING, a. Closely besetting or besieging. 
Milton. 

HARD'BOUND, a. Costive ; fast or tight. Pope. 

HARD'EARNED, a. Earned with toil and difficulty. Burke. 

HARD'EN, (har'dn) v. t. 1. To make hard or more hard ; to 
make firm or compact ; to indurate. 2. To confirm in ef- 
frontery ; to make impudent. 3. To make obstinate, un- 
yielding or refractory. 4. To confinn in wickedness, op- 
position or enmity ; to make obdurate. 5. To make in- 
sensible or unfeeling. 6. To make firm ; to endue with 
constancy. 7. To mure ; to render firm or less liable to 
injury, by exposure or use. 

HARD'EN, (har'dn) v. i. 1. To become hard or more hard ; 
to acquire solidity or more compactness. 2. To become 
unfeeling. 3. To become inured. 4. To indurate, as 
flesh. 

HARD'ENED, P77. Made hard, or more hard or compact; 
made unfeeling ; made obstinate ; confirmed in error or 
vice. 

HARD'EN-ER, n. He or that which makes hard, or more 
firm and compact. 

HARD'EN-ING, ppr. Making hard or more compact ; mak- 
ing obdurate or unfeeling ; confirming ; becoming more 
hard. 

HARD'EN-ING, n. The giving a greater degree of hardness 
to bodies than they had before. Encyc. 

HARD'Fa-VORED, a. Having coarse features; harsh of 
countenance. Dryden. 

HARD'Fa-VOR-ED-NESS, 77. Coarseness of features. 

HARD'FeAT-URED, a. Having coarse features. 

HARD'FIST-ED, a. Close-fisted ; covetous. Hall. 

HARD'FOUGHT, a. Vigorously contested. 

HARD'GOT-TEN, a. Obtained with difficulty. 

HARD'HAND-ED, a. Having hard hands, as a laborer. 

HARD'HEAD, 77. Clash or collision of heads in contest. 

HARD-HEART'ED, a. Cruel; pitiless; merciless; unfeel- 
ing ; inhuman ; inexorable. Dryden. 

HARD-HEART'ED-NESS, n. Want of feeling or tender- 
ness ; cruelty; inhumanity. SotUh. 

HARD'I-HOOD,7 i. Boldness, united with firmness and con- 
stancy of'niind ; dauntless bravery ; intrepidity. 

IIARD'I-LY, adv. 1. With great boldness ; stoutly. Scott. 
2. With hardship ; not tenderly. Goldsmith. 

HARD'I-NESS, n. [Fr. hardiesse.] 1. Boldness; firm cour- 
age ; intrepidity ; stoutness ; bravery. 2. Firmness of 
body derived from laborious exercises. 3. Hardship ; fa- 
tigue ; [0/75.] 4. Excess of confidence ; assurance ; ef- 
frontery. 

HARD-La'BORED, a. Wrought with severe labor; elabo- 
rate ; studied. Swift. 

HARD'LY, adv. 1. With difficulty; with great labor. 2. 
Scarcely ; barely ; almost not. South. 3. Not quite or 


* See Synopsis. A, E, 1, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


HAR 


399 


HAR 


wholly. 4. Grudgingly, as an injury. 5. Severely ; un- 
favorably. 6. Rigorously ; oppressively. 7. Unwelcomely j 
harshly. 8. Coarsely ; roughly ; not softly. 

HXRD'-MOUTHED, a. Not sensible to the bit j not easily 
governed. Drydcn. 

HaRD'NESS, n. 1. Firmness ; close union of the component 
parts ; compactness ; solidity ; the quality of bodies which 
resists impression. 2. Difficulty to be understood. 3. Dif- 
ficulty to be executed or accomplished. 4. Scarcity ; pen- 
ury ; difficulty of obtaining money. 5. Obduracy; im- 
penitence ; confirmed state of wickedness. G. Coarse- 
ness of features ; harshness of look. 7. Severity of cold ; 
rigor. 8. Cruelty of temper ; savageness ; harshness. 9. 
Stifi'ness ; harshness ; roughness. 10. Closeness ; niggard- 
liness ; stinginess. 11. Hardship; severe labor, trials or 
sufferings. 

HaRD'NIBBED, a. Having a hard nib or point. 

HAR'DOGK, n. Probably hoarduck, dock with whitish 
leaves. Shale. 

HaRDS, n. The refuse or coarse part of flax ; tow. 

IIaRD'SHIP, n. 1. Toil; fatigue; severe labor or want. 
2. Injury ; oppression ; injustice. 

HaRD'VIS-AGED, a. Having coarse features; of a harsh 
countenance. Burke. 

HA RE' WARE, n. Wares made of iron or other metal, as 
pots, kettles, saws, knives, &c. 

.HARD' WARE-MAN, n. A maker or seller of hardwares. 

HARD'Y, a. [Fr. hardi ; Norm, hardy.^ 1. Bold ; brave ; 
stout ; daring ; resolute ; intrepid. 2. Stron = ; firm ; com- 
pact. ' 3. Confident ; full of assurance ; impudent ; stub- 
born to excess. 4. Inured to fatigue ; rendered firm by 
exercise, as a veteran soldier. 

HAR, HARE, HERE, in composition^ signify an army. Sax. 
/^c^c, G. /tecr, D. heir. So Harold is a general of an army. 

HARE, n. [Sax. Aara ,* Dan., Sw. Aar^.] 1. A quadruped 
of the genus lepus, with long ears, a snort tail, soft hair, 
and a divided upper lip. It is a timid animal, moves by 
leaps, and is remarkable for its fecundity. 2. A constel- 
lation. 

fHARE, V. t. [Norm, barer, harier.] To fright, or to ex- 
cite, tease and harass, or worry. Locke. 

IIARE'BELL, n. A plant of the genus hyacinthus, with 
campaniform or bell-shaped flowers. 

HARE'BRaINED, a. [hare and brain.] Wild ; giddy ; vol- 
atile ; heedless. Bacon. 

HARE'FOOT, n. A bird ; a plant. Ainsworth. 

HARE'HEART-ED, a. Timorous ; easily frightened. 

HARE'HOUND, n. A hound for hunting hares. 

HARE'HUNT-ER, n. One who hunts or is used to hunting 

HARE'HUNT-ING, n. The hunting of hares. 

HARE'LIP, n. A divided upper lip, like that of a hare. 

HARE'LIPPED, a. Having a harelip. 

HARE'MINT, 11 . A plant. Ainsworth. 

HARE'PIPE, n. A snare for catching hares. 

HARE’S'-eAR, n. A plant of the genus bupleurum. 

HARE’S'-LET-TUCE, 11 . A plant of the genus sonchus. 

HARE'WoRT, n. A plant. 

HAR'EM, 11 . [Ar. har am a.] A seraglio; a place where 
Eastern princes confine their women, who are prohibited 
from the society of others. 

HA-REN'GI-FORM, a. Shaped like a herring. 

HAR'I-€OT, n. [Fr.] 1. A kind of ragout of meat and 

roots. — 2. In French, beans. 

HAR'I-ER, ) n. A dog for hunting hares ; a kind of hound 

HAR'RI-ER, \ with an acute sense of smelling. 

t HAR-I-O-La'TION, 11 . [L. hariolatio.] Soothsaying. 

HA'RISK, a. Like a hare. 

HARK, V. i. [contracted from hearken.] To listen ; to lend 
the ear. Shak. 

IIARL, or HERE, ii. 1. The skin of flax ; the filaments of 
flax or hemp. 2. A filamentous substance. Mortimer. 

IIAR'LE-CiUIN, n. [Fr. harlequin.] A buffoon, dressed in 
party-colored clothes, who plays tricks, like a merry-an- 
drew, to divert the populace. 

HAR'LE-GlUIN, v. i. To play the droll ; to make sport by 
playing ludicrous tricks. 

HAR'LbCK, n. A plant. Drayton. 

HAR'LOT, 11 . [W. herlawd, herlodes.] 1. A woman who 
prostitutes her body for hire ; a prostitute ; a common wo- 
man. — 2. In Scripture, one who forsakes the true God and 
worships idols. 3. A servant ; a rogue ; a cheat ; [o& 5 .] 
Chaucer. 

HAR'LOT, a. Wanton ; lewd ; low ; base. Shak. 

HAR'LOT, V. i. To practice lewdness. Milton. 

HAR'LOT-RY, n. The trade or practice of prostitution ; 
liabitual or customary lewdness. Dryden. 

HARM, 11 . [Sax. hearm, or harm.] 1. Injury ; hurt ; dam- 
age ; detriment. 2. Moral wrong ; evil ; mischief; wick- 
edness. 

HARM, v.t. To hurt; to injure; to damage; to impair 
soundness of body. 

HAR-MAT'TAN, n. A dry easterly wind in Africa. 

HARxMED, pp. Injured ; hurt ; damaged. 


HAR'MEL, 11. The wild African laie. 

HARM'FUL, a. Hurtful ; injurious ; noxious ; detrimental; 
mischievous. 

HARM'FUL-LY, adv. Hurtfully ; injuriously. 

HARM'FUL-NESS, n. Ilurtfulness ; noxiousness. 

HARM'ING, ppr. Hurting ; injuring. 

HARM'LESS, a. 1. Not hurtful or injurious ; innoxious. 2. 
Unhurt ; undamaged ; uninjured. 3. Innocent ; not 
guilty. 

HARM'LESS-LY, adv. 1. Innocently ; without fault or 
crime. 2. Without hurt or damage. 

HARM'LESS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being innoxious; 
freedom from a tendency to injure. 2. Innocence. 

HAR-MON'I€,or HAR-MON'I-GAL, a. 1. Relating to har- 
mony or music. 2. Concordant ; musical ; consonant. 
3. An epithet applied to the accessary sounds which ac- 
company the predominant and apparently simple tone of 
any chord or string. 

HAR-MON'I-€A, n. A collection of musical glasses of a par- 
ticular form, so arranged as to produce exquisite music. 
Encyc. 

HAR-MON'ICS, 11 . 1. Harmonious sounds ; consonances. 
2. The doctrine or science of musical sounds.' 3. Deriva- 
tive sounds, generated with predominant sounds, and pro- 
duced by subordinate vibrations of a chord or string, when 
its whole length vibrates. 4. Grave harmonics are low 
sounds which accompany every perfect consonance of 
two sounds. 

HAR-MC'NI-OUS, a. 1. Adapted to each other; having the 
parts proportioned to each other ; symmetrical. 2. Con- 
cordant ; consonant ; symphonious ; musical. 3. Agree- 
ing ; living in peace and friendship. 

HAR-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With just adaptation and 
proportion of parts to each other. 2. With accordance of 
sounds ; musically ; in concord. 3. In agreement ; in 
peace and friendship. 

HAR-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Proportion and adaptation 
of parts ; musicalness. 2. Agreement ; concord. 

HAR'MO-NIST, n. 1. A musician ; a composer of music. 
2. One who brings together corresponding passages, to 
show their agreement. 

HAR'MO-NIZE, v. i. I. To be in concord ; to agree in 
sounds. 2’. To agree ; to be in peace and friendship, as 
individuals or families. 3. To agree in sense or purport. 

HAR'MO-NiZE, v. t. 1 . To adjust in fit proportions ; to 
cause to agree. 2. To make musical ; to combine accord- 
ing to the laws of counterpoint. 

HAR'MO-NTZED, pp. Made to be accordant. 

HAR'MO-NiZ-ER, n. 1. One that brings together or recon- 
ciles.— 2^. In music, a practical harmonist. 

HAR'MO-NIZ-ING, ppr. Causing to agree. 

HAR-MO-NOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. appovia and perpov.] An 
instrument or monochord for measuring the harmonic re- 
lations of sounds. 

ILAR'MO-NY, n. [L. harmonia.] 1. The just adaptation of 
parts to each other, in any system or composition of 
things, intended to form a connected whole. 2. Just pro- 
portion of sound ; consonance ; musical concord. 3. Con- 
cord ; agreement ; accordance in facts. 4. Concord or 
agreement ; good correspondence ; peace and friend- 
ship. 

HAR'MOST, 11. [Gr. appoaryp.] In ancient Greece, a Spar- 
tan governor, regulator or prefect. Mitford. 

HAR'MO-TOME, n. [Gr. appog.] In mineralogy, cross- 
stone, or staurolite, called Si\so pyramidical zeolite. 

IlAR'NiSSS, n. [W. harnaes ; Fr. harnois.] 1. Armor; the 
whole accoutrements or equipments of a knight or horse- 
man. 2. The furniture of a draught horse, whether for a 
wagon, coach, gig, chaise, &.c. ; called, in some of the 
American states, tackle, or tackling. 

HAR'NESS, V. t. 1. To dress in armor ; to equip with armor 
for war, as a horseman. 2. To put on the furniture of a 
horse for draught. 3. To defend ; to equip or furnish for 
defense. 

HAR'NESSED, pp. Equipped with armor; furnished with 
the dress for draught ; defended. 

HAR'NESS-ER, ii. One who puts on the harness of a horse. 
Sherwood. 

HAR'NESS-ING, ppr. Putting on armor or furniture for 
draught. 

HARNS, n. plu. Brains. Grose. 

HARP, 11. [Sax. hearpa ; G. harfe ; D. harp.] 1. An instru- 
ment of music of the stringed kind, of a triangular figure, 
held upright, and commonly touched with the fingers. 2. 
A constellation. 

HARP, V. i. 1. To play on the harp. 2. To dwell on, in 
speaking or w'riting ; to continue sounding. 3, To touch 
as a passion ; to affect. Shak. 

HARP'ER, 11. A player on the harp. 

HARP'ING, ppr. Playing on a harp ; dwelling on continu- 
ally. 

HARP'TNG, 11. A continual dwelling on. Irving. 

HARP'ING, 11. j plu. Harpings. In ships, harpings are the 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 

✓ 




HAT 


IIAR 400 


fore-parts of the wales, wliich encompass the bow of the 
ship. 

HaRP'ING-IR-ON, n. A harpoon, which see. 

HaRP'IST, n. A harper. Brown. 

IIAR-POON^, n. [Fr. karpon.] A harping-iron ; a spear or 
javelin, used to strike wliules for killing them. 

II AR-POON', V. t. To strike, catch or kill with a harpoon. 

HAR-POON'ED, (har-poond') jip. Struck, caught or killed 
with a harpoon. 

H AR-POOA'ER, ) n. One who uses a harpoon ; the man in 

H AR-PO-NEER', j a whale-boat who throws the harpoon. 

HAR-POON'ING, ppr. Striking with a harpoon. 

HARP'SI-€HORD, /^. An instrument of music with strings 
of wire, played by the fingers, by means of keys. 

PIAR'PV', n. [Fr. harpie.] ]. In antiquity, the harpies were 
fabulous winged monsters, having the face of a woman 
and the body of a vulture, witii their feet and lingers 
armed with sharp claws. 2. Any rapacious or ravenous 
animal ; an extortioner ; a plunderer. 

KAR'ClUE-PUSE. Sec Arq,uebuse. 

HAR-RA-TEEN', ?i. A kind of stuff or cloth. Shenstone. 

HaRR, n. A storm proceeding from the sea. Coles. 

II AR'R 1-DAN, n. [Fr. haridelle.] A decayed strumpet. 

HAR'RI-ER, 71. A hunting hound with a nice sense of 
smelling. 

HAR'RoW, 71. [Sw. harf.] An instrument of agriculture, 
formed of pieces of timber sometimes crossing each other, 
and set with iron teeth. 

HAR'RoW, V. t. [Sw. harfoa.l 1. To draw a harrow over, 
for the purpose of breaking clods and leveling the surface, 
or for covering seed sown. 2. To break or tear with a 
harrow. 3. To tear ; to lacerate ; to torment. 4. To pil- 
lage j to strip 5 to lay waste by violence ; [o6s.] 5. To 
disturb ; to agitate ; [^ofcs.] Shak. 

H AR'RoVV, interj. [Old Fr. harau.'] An exclamation of sud- 
den distress. 

HAR'Ro WED, pp. Broken or smoothed by a harrow. 

HAR'RoW-ER, 71. 1. One who harrows. 2. A hawk. 

HAR'RoW-ING, ppr. Breaking or leveling with a harrow. 

IIAR'RY, v.t. [Sax. hergian.'] 1. To strip 5 to pillage. 
[See Harrow.] 2. To harass ; to agitate ; to tease. 

\ HAR/RY, V. i. To make harassing incursions. 

HARSH, a. [G. harsch.] 1 . Rough to the touch ; rugged ; grat- 
ing. 2. Sour ; rough to the taste. 3. Rough to the ear ; grat- 
ing 5 discordant ; jarring. 4. Austere ; crabbed ; morose ; 
peevish. 5. Rough ; rude ; abusive. 6. Rigorous; severe. 

HARSH'LY, adv. 1. Roughly ; in a harsh manner. 2. 
Sourly ; austerely. 3. Severely ; morosely ; crabbedly. 
4. Roughly ; rudely ; with violence. 5. Roughly ; with 
a grating sound ; unpleasantly. 

HARSH'NESS, n. 1. Roughness to the touch. 2. Sourness ; 
austereness. 3. Roughness to the ear. 4. Roughness 
of temper ; moroseness ; crabbedness ; peevishness. 5. 
Roughness in manner or words ; severity. 

HARS'LET, or HAS'LET, 71. [Ice. /tasZa. Q,u.] The heart, 
liver, lights, &c. of a hog. 

Hart, n. [Sax. heort.] A stag or male deer, an animal of 
the cervine genus. 

HART'BEEST, n. The cervine antelope of Africa. 

HART'ROY-AL, ri. A plant. 

HARTS'HORN, n. The horn of the hart or male deer. The 
scrapings or raspings of this horn are medicinal, and used 
in decoctions, ptisans, &c . — Hartshorn plantain, a species 
of plantago. 

HARTS'ToNGUE, n. A plant. 

HART'WoRT, 71. The name of certain plants. 

HAR'US-PiCE, n. [L. hariispex.] In Roman history, a per- 
son who pretended to foretell future events by inspecting 
the entrails of beasts. 

HA'RUM-SGA'RUM, a. A low expression applied to flighty 
persons ; persons always in a hurry. 

HAR'US-PI-CY, n. Divination by the inspection of victims. 

HAR'VEST, n. [S^ax. hcerfest, harfest.] 1. The season of 
reaping and gathering in corn or other crops. 2. The 
ripe corn or grain collected and secured in barns or stacks. 
3. The product of labor; fruit or fruits. 4. Fruit or fruits ; 
effects ; consequences. — 5. In Scripture, harvest signifies, 
figuratively, the proper season for business. 

IIAR'VEST, V. t. To reap or gather ripe corn and other 
fruits for the use of man and beast. 

IIAIFVEST-ED, pp. Reaped and collected, as ripe corn and 
fruits. 

HAR'VEST-ER,_7 i. a reaper ; a laborer in gathering grain. 

HAR'VEST-FLY, n. A large, four-winged insect of the ci- 
cada kind, common in Italy. Encyc. 

HARWEST-HOME, n. 1. The time of harvest. 2. The song 
sung by reapers at the feast made at the gathering of corn, or 
the feast itself. 3. The opportunity of gathering treasure. 

HAR'VEST-ING, ppr. Reaping and collecting, as ripe corn 
and other fruits. 

IIAR WEST-LORD, n. The head-reaper at the harvest. 

HAR'VEST-MAN, n. A laborer in harvest. 

HARWEST-Q.UEEN, n. An image representing Ceres, 
formerly carried about on the last day of harvest. 


HAS. The third person sigular of the verb have. 

HASH, V. t. [Fr. hacher.] To chop into small pieces ; to 

mince and mix. Garth. 

HASH, 71. Minced meat, or a dish of meat and vegetables 
chopped into small pieces and mixed. 

t HASK, n. A case made of rushes or flags. Speyiser. 

HASK, a. Parched ; coarse ; rough ; dry. Grose. 

HAS LET, u. See IIarslet. 

HASP, n. [Sax. hceps.] 1. A clasp that passes over a staple 
to be fastened by a padlock. 2. A spindle to wind thread 
or silk on ; \_local.'] 

HASP, V. t. To shut or fasten with a hasp. Garth. 

HAS'SOC, n. [W. hesar.^ A thick mat or bass on which 
persons kneel in church. 

HAST. The second person singular of have. 

HAS*TA7’E, i a. [L. /iastotas.] In ftota/jT/, spear-shaped ; 

HAS'TA-TED, ^ resembling the head of a halberd. 

HASTE, n. [G., Sw., Dan. /rast.] 1. Celerity of motion; 
4ipeed ; swiftness ; dispatch ; expedition ; applied only to 
voluntary beings. 2. Sudden excitement of passion. 3. 
The state of beijig urged or pressed by business. 

HASTE, (hast) ; v. t. [G. hasten ; 1). haasten.] To press; 

HaS'TEN, (ha'sn) ) to drive or urge forward ; to push on ; 
to precipitate ; to accelerate movement. 

HASTE, ) V. i. To move with celerity ; to be rapid in mo- 

HAS'TEN, ) tion ; to be speedy or quick. 

HAST'ED, I pp. Moved rapidly ; accelerated ; urged 

HAS'TENED, ) with speed. 

HAS'TEN-ER, 71 . One that hastens or urges forward. 

HAST'ING, I ppr. Urging forward; pushing on; pro- 

HAS'TEN-iNG, ) ceeding rapidly. 

HASTH-LY, adv. 1. In haste ; with speed or quickness ; 
speedily ; nimbly. 2. Rashly ; precipitately ; without 
due reflection. 3. Passionately ; under sudden excite- 
ment of passion. 

HAST'I-NESS, 71. 1. Haste; speed; quickness or celerity 
in motion or action, as of animals. 2. Rashness; heed- 
less eagerness ; precipitation. 3. Irritability ; suscepti- 
bility of anger, warmth or temper. 

HAST'ING-PEAR, n. An early pear. E7icyc. 

HASTINGS, n. Peas that come early. Mortimer. 

HAST'IVE, a. [¥x. hdtif.'] Forward ; early ; as fruit. [JVot 
Tnuch 7iscd.] E7icyc. 

HAST'Y, a. I. Quick; speedy. 2. Eager; precipitate; 
rash. 3. Irritable ; easily excited to wrath ; passionate. 

4. Earlv ripe ; forward. 

HAST'Y-PUD-DING, n. A pudding made of the meal of 
maize moistened with water and boiled, or of milk and 
flour boiled. 

HAT, 71. [Sax. licet.'] 1. A covering for the head. 2. The 
dignity of a cardinal. 

HAT'-BAND, n. A band round the crown of a hat. 

HAT'-BOX, ) 71. A box for a hat. But a case for a lady’s 

HAT'-€ASE, ^ hat is called a band-box. 

HAT'A-BLE, a. That may be hated ; odious. 

HATCH, V. t. [G. hecke7i.] I. To produce young from eggs 
by incubation, or by artificial heat. 2. To contrive or 
plot ; to form by meditation, and bring into being ; to 
originate and produce in silence. 

HATCH, V. t. [Fr. hacher.] 1. To shade by lines in draw- . 
ing and engraving. Dryden. 2. To steep ; [obs.] Beaum. 

HATCH, V. i. To produce young ; to bring the young to 
maturity. 

HATCH, 71. 1. A brood ; as many chickens as are produced 
at once. 2. The act of exclusion from the egg. 3. Dis- 
closure ; discovery. 

HATCH, or HATCH'E.«, n. [Sax. hceca.] 1. The grate or 
frame of cross-bars laid over the opening in a ship’s deck, 
now called hatch-bars ; the lid or cover of a hatchway. 
2. The opening in a ship’s deck, or the passage from one 
deck to another. 3. A half-door, or door with an open- 
ing over it. 4. Floodgates. — 5. In Cor7iwall, E7igland, 
openings into mines, or in search of them. — 5. To be tin- 
der the hatches, to be confined, or to be in distress, depres- 
sion or slavery. Locke. 

* II ATCH'EL, (commonly pronounced, in America, ketcldel) 
n. [G. hechel ; D. hekel.] An instrument formed with 
long iron teeth set in a board, for cleaning flax or hemp. 

HATCIPEL, v.t. 1. To draw flax or hemp through the teeth 
of a hatchel, for separating the coarse part and broken pieces 
of the stalk from the fine fibrous parts. 2. To tease or vex, 
by sarcasms or reproaches ; a vtdgar use of the word. 

HATCH'ELED, pp. Cleansed by a hatchel ; combed. 

HATCH'EL-ER, n. One who uses a hatchel. 

HATCH'EL-ING, ppr. Drawing through the teeth of a 
hatchel. 

HATCH'ET, 71. [G. hacke.] A small axe with a short han- 
dle, to be used with one hand. — To take up the hatchet, a 
phrase borrowed from the natives of America, is to make 
war. — To bury the hatchet, is to make peace. 

HATCH'ET-FACE, n. A prominent face like the edge of a 
hatchet. Dryden. 

HATCH'E-TINE, 71. A mineral substance. 

HATCIPING, 71. A kind of drawing. [See Etch.] Harris. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, 1, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT; — PRgY; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — | Obsolete. 


HAV 


401 


HAY 


HATCH'MENT, n. [corrupted from achievementJ] An armo- 
rial escutcheon on a hearse at funerals, or in a church. 
HATCH'VVAY, n. In ships^ a square or oblong opening in 
the deck, affording a passage from one deck to another, or 
into the hold or lower apartments. 

HATE, V. t. [Sax. hatian.] 1. To dislike greatly ; to have a 
great aversion to. — 2. In Scripture^ it signifies to love less. 
HATE, n. Great dislike or aversion j hatred. 

HATRED, pp. Greatly disliked. 

HATE'F.UL, a. 1. Odious ; exciting great dislike, aversion 
or disgust. 2. That feels hatred j malignant j malevo- 
lent. 

HaTETUL-LY, adv. 1. Odiously ; with great dislike. 2. 
Malignantly ; maliciously. 

HaTE'EIJL-NESS, 71. Odiousness ; the quality of being 
hateful, or of exciting aversion or disgust. 

H*yr'ER, n. One that hates. Brown. 

HAT'ING, ppr. Disliking extremely j entertaining a great 
aversion for. 

Ha'TREU, 71. Great dislike or aversion ; hate; enmity. 

H AT'TED, a. Covered with a hat ; wearing a hat. 
t IIAT'TER, V. t. To harass. Dryden. 

HAT'TER, 7t. [from hat.] A maker of hats. 

HAT'TLE, a. Wild ; skittish. Grose. 
fHATQ’OC, 71. [Erse, attock.] A shock of corn, 
f HAU'BERK, n. A coat of mail without sleeves. See Ha- 
bergeon. 

HAUGH, (haw) 71. A little meadow lying in a valley, 
fll AUGHT, (hawt) a. [qu. Fr. haul.] High; elevated; 

hence, proud ; insolent. Shak. 

HAUGHT'I-LY, (haw'te-ly) adv. Proudly ; arrogantly ; 

with contempt or disdain. Dryden. 

HAUGHTT-NESS, (haw'te-nes) n. The quality of being 
haughty ; pride mingled with some degree of contempt 
for others ; arrogance. 

HAUGHT'Y, (haw'ty) a. [from/iG7f|^/tt ; Fx.haut.] 1. Proud 
and disdainful ; having a high opinion of one’s self, with 
some contempt for others ; lofty and arrogant ; supercilious. 
2. Proceeding from excessive pride, or pride mingled with 
contempt; manifesting pride and disdain. 3. Proud and 
imperious. 4. Lofty; bold; of high hazard ; [oZ>s.] Spen- 
ser. 

HAUL, V. t. [Fr. haler. It is sometimes written hale, but 
haul is preferable.] 1. To pull or draw with force ; to drag. 
Haul is equivalent to drag, and differs sometimes from 
pidl and draw, in expressing more force and labor. 2. To 
drag ; to compel to go. — To haul the unnd, in seamanship, 
is to turn the head of the ship nearer to the point from 
which the wind blows. 

HAUL, 7?. 1. A pulling with force; a violent pull. 2. A 
draught of a net. 

HAUL ER, 71. He who pulls or hauls. 

HAULED, ^7^7. Pulled with force; dragged; compelled to 
move. 

HAUL'ING, ppr. Drawing by force or violence ; dragging. 
HAULM, I n. [Sax. healm.] 1. Tlie stem or stalk of grain, 

HAUM, ) of all kinds, or of pease, beans, hops, &;c. 2. 
Straw ; the dry stalks of corn, <fec. in general. 

HAUNCH, 77. [Fr. hanche.] 1. The hip ; that part of the 
body which lies between the last ribs and the thigh. 2. 
The rear; the hind part ; [o&^.] Shak. 

*HAUNT, 77. t. [Fx. hanter.] 1. To frequent; to resort to 
much or often, or to be much about ; to visit customarily. 
2. To come to frequently ; to intrude on ; to trouble with 
frequent visits ; to follow importunately. 3. It is particu- 
larly applied to spectres or apparitions, which are repre- 
sented by fear and credulity as frequenting or inhabiting 
old, decayed and deserted houses. 

* HAUNT, 77. 7. To be much about ; to visit or be present 
often . 

HAUNT, 77. ]. A place to which one frequently resorts. 
2. The habit or custom of resorting to a place ; [oio,-.] 3. 
Custom ; practice ; [<7&5.] Chaucer. 

"^HAUNT'ED, pp. 1. Frequently visited or resorted to, 
especially by apparitions. 2. Troubled by frequent visits. 
^HAUNT'ER, 77. One who frequents a particular place, or 
is often about it. 

HAUx\T'ING, ppr. Frequenting; visiting often; troub- 
ling w’ith frequent visits. 
fllAUST, 77. [Sax. hwasta.] A dry cough. Ray. 
HAUT'BOY, (ho boy) 77. [Fr. haut and ftow.] A wind in- 
strument, somewhat resembling a flute. 

IIAUT-GOUT', (ho-goo^) n. [Fr.] Any thing with a strong 
relish or a strong scent. Butler. 

HAU-TEUR', (ho-ture', or ho-tauF) n. [Fr.] Pride ; haught- 
iness ; insolent manner or spirit. 

HAUYNE, 77. A mineral, called by llaliy latialite. 

HAVE, (hav) v. t. ; pret. and pp. had : indie, present, I 
have, thou hast, he has ; we, ye, they have. [Sax. hab- 
ban ; Goth, haban ; G. haben.] 1. To possess ; to hold in 
possession or power. 2. To possess, as something that is 
connected with, or belongs to one. 3. To marry ; to take 
for a wife or husband. 4. To hold; to regard. 5. To 
maintain ; to hold in opinion. 6. To be urged by neces- 


sity or obligation ; to be under necessity, or impelled by 
duty. 7. To seize and hold; to catch. 8. To contain;, 
as, the work has many beauties and many faults. 9. To' 
gain ; to pipeure ; to receive ; to obtain ; to purchase. 

Had rather denotes wish or preference. — To have after ^ to 
pursue. Shak . — To have away, to remove ; to take away. 
Tusser. — To have at, to encounter; to assail; to enter 
into competition with; to make trial with. Shak.— To 
have ill, to contain. — I o have on, to wear; to carry as 
raiment or weapons.— To have out, to cause to depart.— 
To have a care, to take care ; to be on the guard or to 
guard.— 7'o have pleasure, to enjoy.— To have pain, to 

suffer. — To have sorrow, to be grieved or afflicted. He 

would have, he desires to have, or he requires. — He should 
have, he ought to have. 

t HAVE'LESiS, (hav'les) a. Having little or nothing. 

HA'VEN, (ha'vn) n. [Sax. hcefan; D. haven.] 1. A harbor; 
a port; a bay, recess or inlet of the sea; a station for 
ships. 2. A shelter ; an asylum ; a place of safety. 

t HA'VEN-ER, 77. The overseer of a port ; a harbor-master. 

HAV'ER, /?. One vvlio has or possesses; a possessor; a 
holder. [Little used.] Shak. 

HAV'ER, 77. [G. hafer ; D. haver.] Oats ; a word of local 
use in the ATorth of England. 

HAV'ER-SA€K, n. [Fr. havre-sac.] A soldier’s knapsack. 

HAV'ING, ppr. Possessing ; holding in power or possession ; 
containing ; gaining , receiving ; taking. 

t HAV'ING, 77. 1. Possession ; goods ; estate. Shak. 2. The 
act or state of possessing. Sidney. 

t HA V'lOR, 77. Conduct; manners. Spenser. 

HAV'OG, 77. [VV. /7a77o^.] Waste ; devastation ; wide and 
general destruction. 

HAV'OG, V. t. To waste ; to destroy ; to lay waste. 

HAV'OG, cxclam. A word of encouragement to slaughter. 
Shak. 

HAW, 77. [Sax. hwg, hag.] 1. The berry and seed of the 
hawthorn. 2. [Sax. haga.] A small piece of ground ad- 
joining a house ; a small field. — 3. \n farriery, an excres- 
cence resembling a gristle, growing under the nether eye- 
lid and eye of a horse. 4. A dale ; [fyfts.] 

HAW, 77. 7. [corrupted from hawk, or hack.] To stop in 
speaking with a haw, or to speak with interruption and 
hesitation. 

HAW, 77. [See Ha.] An intermission or hesitation of 
speech. 

HAW FINCH, 77. A bird, a species of loxia. 

HAW'HAW, 77. [duplication of haio, a hedge.] A fence 
or bank that interrupts an alley or walk, sunk between 
slopes and not perceived till approached. Todd. 

HAW'ING, ppr. Speaking with a haw, or with hesitation. 

HAWK, 77. [Sax. hafoc.] A genus of fowls, the falco, of 
many species, most of which are rapacious. 

HAWK, V. i. 1. To catch or attempt to catcli birds by means 
of hawks trained for the pjirpose, and let loose on the 
prey ; to practice falconry. 2. To fly at ; to attack on the 
wing. 

HAWk, V. i. [W. hogi; Scot, haicgh.] To make an elfort 
to force up phlegm with noise. — To hawk up, transitively ; 
as, to haick up phlegm. 

HAWK, 77. An effort to force up phlegm from the throat, 
accompanied with noise. 

HAWK, V. t. [qu. G. hocken.] To cry ; to offer for sale by 
outcry in the street, or to sell by outcry. 

HAWKED, pp. 1. Offered for sail by outcry in the street. 
2. a. Crooked ; curving like a hawk’s bill. 

HAWK'ER,77. 1. One who offers goods for sale by outcry 
ill the street ; a pedler. Sicift. 2. [Sax. hafeere.] A fal- 
coner. 

HAWK'EVED, a. Having acute sight ; discerning. 

HAWK'ING, p/jr. 1. Catching Avikl birds by hawks. 2. 
Making an effort to disclimge plilegm. 3. Offering for 
sale in the street by outcry. 

HAWIv'ING, 77. The exercise of taking wild fowls by means 
of hawks. 

HAWK'NdJSED, a. Having an aquiline nose. 

HAWK' WEED, n. A name of several species of plants. 

HAWSE, (hawz) 77. [See Halser.] The situation of a ship 
moored with two anchors from the bows. 

HAWSE'HOLE, 77. A cjiindrical hole in the bow of a ship 
through which a cable passes. 

HAWSE'PIkCE, 77. One of the foremost timbers of a ship. 

HAWS'ER, 77. [See Halsek.] A small cable; or a large 
rope, in size between a cable and a tow-line. 

HAW'THORN, 77. [Stix. heeg-thorn.] A shrub or tree which 
bears the haw ; the white-thorn. 

HAW'THORN-FLY, 77. An insect so called. Walton. 

HAY, 77. [Sax. /reg, kig.] Grass cut and dried for fodder; 
grass prepared for preservation. — To dance the hay, to dance 
in a ring. Donne. 

HAY, V. i. [G. / 7 e 77 e 77 .] To dry or cure grass for preserva- 
tion. 

HAY, 77 . [Sax. hwg.] 1. A hedge ; [e&T?.] Chancer. 2. A 
net which incloses the haunt of an animal, Harnicr, 

Hx\Y, V. t. To lay snares for rabbits, Hidoet. 


e Sijnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; Cli as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 

26 


HEA 


402 


HEA 


HaY'BOTE, n. Hedge-bote. In English law, an allowance 
of wood to a tenant for repairing hedges or fences. 

HAY'tJOCK, n. A conical pile or heap of hay, in the field. 

Ha Y'KNIFE, 7^. A sharp instrument used in cutting hay 
out of a stack or mow. 

HaY'LOFT, /t. A loft or scaffold for hay, particularly in a 
barn. 

Ha Y'MaK-ER, n. One who cuts and dries grass for fodder. 

HaY'MaK-ING, 77. The business of cutting grass and cur- 
ing it for fodder. 

Ha Y'MAR-KET, n. A place for the sale of hay. 

Ha Y'AIOVV, n, A mow or mass of hay laid up in a barn for 
preservation. 

Ha Y'R1€K, ?i. A rick of hay j usually, a long pile for pre- 
servatio)! in the open air. 

Ha Y'STAOK, n. A stack or large conical pile of hay in the 
open air, laid up for preservation. 

Ha Y'STALK, n. A stalk of hay. 

Ha Y'THORN, 71. Hawthorn. Scott. 

HaYUVARD, n. A person who keeps the common herd or 
cattle of a town, and guards hedges or fences. — In J^ew 
England, the hayicard is a town officer whose duty is to 
in^pound cattle, and particularly swine. 

Ha Y'jJEN-ITE, n. A mineral discovered by Dr. Hayden. 

HAZ'ARD, 77. [Fr. hasard.] 1. Chance; accident; casualty; 
a fortuitous event. 2. Danger; peril; risk. 3. A game 
at dice. — To run the hazard, to risk ; to take the chance. 

HAZ'ARD, V. t. [Fr. hasarder.] 1. To expose to chance ; 
to put in danger of loss or injury ; to venture ; to risk. 2. 
To venture to incur, or bring on. 

HAZ'ARD, V. i. To try the chance ; to adventure ; to run 
the risk or danger. 

HAZ ARD-A-BLE, a. That is liable to hazard or chance. 

HAZ'ARD-ED, pp. Put at risk or in danger; ventured. 

HAZ'ARD-ER, n. One who ventures or puts at stake. 

HAZ'ARD-ING, ppr. Exposing to danger or peril; ventur- 
ing to bring on. 

HAZ'ARD-OUS, a. Dangerous; that exposes to peril or 
danger of loss or evil. 

HAZ'ARD-OUS-LY, adv. With danger of loss or evil ; with 
peril. 

fllAZ'ARD-RY, n. 1. Rashness; temerity. Spenser. 2. 
Gaming in general. Chaucer. 

HAZE, 77. Fog ; a watery vapor in the air, or a dry vapor 
like smoke, which renders the air thick. 

HAZE, V. i. To be foggy. [./3 local word.] Ray. 

t HAZE, V. t. To frighten. Ainsworth. 

Ha'ZEL, (ha'zl) 77. [Sax. luescl.] A shrub of the genus 
corylus, bearing a nut containing a kernel of a mild, far- 
inaceous taste. 

Ha'ZEL, (ha'zl) a. Pertaining to the hazel or like it; of a 
light-brown color, like the hazel-nut. 

Ha'^EL-EARTH, 77. A kind of red loam. Encyc. 

Ha'ZEL-NUT, 77. The nut or fruit of the hazel. 

Ha'ZEL-LY, a. Of the color of the hazel-nut; of alight- 
brown. JMurtimer. 

Ha'ZY", a. Foggy ; misty ; thick with vapor. 

ME, pronoun, of the third person; nom. he-, poss. his; obj. 
him. [Sax. masc. he; fern, heo ; ncut. hit.] 1. A pronoun, 
a substitute for the third person, masculine gender, repre- 
senting the man or male person named before. 2. Man ; 
a male. 3. He is sometimes prefixed to the names of an- 
imals to designate the male kind ; as, a he-goat, a he-bear. 

HEAD, (hed) n. [Sax. hcafod, hefed, heafd.] 1. The upper- 
most j)art of the human body, or the foremost part of the 
body of prone and creeping animals. This part of the 
body contains the organs of hearing, seeing, tasting and 
smelling, and also the brain. 2. An animal ; an individ- 
ual. 3. A chief ; a principal person ; a leader ; a com- 
mander. 4. The first place ; the place of honor, or of 
command. 5. Countenance ; presence. 6. Understand- 
ing ; faculties of the mind ; sometimes in a ludicrous 
sense. 7. Face ; front ; forepart. 8. Resistance ; suc- 
cessful opposition. 9. Spontaneous will or resolution. 
10. State of a deer’s horns by which his age is known. 

, 11. The top of a thing, especially when larger than the 

rest of the thing. 12. The forepart of a thing, as the head 
of a ship. 13. The blade or cutting part of an axe, distinct 
from the helve. 14. That which rises on the top. 15. 
The upper part of a bed or bed-stead. 16. The brain. 
17. The dress of the head. 18. The principal source of a 
stream. 19. Altitude of water in ponds, as applicable to 
the driving of mill-wheels. 20. Topic of discourse ; chief 
point or subject ; a summary. 21. Crisis; pitch; height. 
22. Influence ; force ; strength ; pitch. 23. Body ; con- 
flux ; [ote.] Shak. 24. Power ; armed force. 25. Liberty ; 
freedom from restraint. 26. License ; freedom from check, 
control or restraint. 27. The hair of the head. 28. The 
top of corn or other plant ; the part on which the seed 
grows. 29. The end, or the boards that form the end. 30. 
The part most remote from the mouth or opening into the 
sea. 31. The maturated part of an ulcer or boil. 

Head and ears, a phrase denoting the whole person, especial- 
ly when referring to immersion. — Head and shoulders, by 


force ; violently. — Head or tail, or head nor tail, uncertain j 
not reducible to certainty, — Head, as an adj. or in compo^ 
sition, chief ; principal ; as, a head workman. — By the head, 
in seamen’s language, denotes the state of a shi}) laden too 
deeply at the fore-end. 

HEAD, (hed) v. t. 1. To lead ; to direct ; to act as leader to. 
2. To behead ; to decapitate. 3. To form a head to ; to 
fit or furnish with a head. 4. To lop. 5. To go in front 
of ; to get into the front. 6. To set on the head. 7. To 
oppose ; to veer round and blow in opposition to the course 
of a ship. 

HEAD, (hed) v. i. To originate ; to spring ; to have its 
source, as a river. 

HEAD' ACHE, (hed'ake) n. Pain in the head. 

HEAD'BAND, (hed'band) n. A fillet ; a band for the head ; 
also, the band at each end of a book. Is, iii. 

HEAD'BoR-OUGH, (hed'bur-ro) n. In England, formerly, 
the chief of a frank-pledge, tithing or decennary. 

HEAD'DRESS, (hed'dres) n. 1. Tlie dress of the head ; 
the covering or ornaments of a woman’s head. 2. The 
crest, or tuft of feathers on a fowl’s head. 

HEAD'ED, (hed'ed) pp. Led ; directed ; furnished with a 
head ; having a top. This is used in composition ; as, cleasr- 
headed, thick-headed, &c.c. 

HEAD'ER, (hed'er) n. 1. Ope who heads nails or pins. 2. 
One who leads a mob or party. 3. The first brick in the 
angle of a wall. 

HEAD'FAST, (hed'fast) n. A rope at the head of a ship to 
fasten it to a wharf or other fixed object. 

HEAD'FiRST, (hed'furst) adv With the head foremost. 

HEAD'GAR-GLE, (hed'gar-gl) n. A disease of cattle. 

HEAD'GeAR, (hed'geer) n. I'he dress of a woman’s head. 

IlEAD'I-LY, (hed'e-ly) adv. Hastily ; rashly ; so as not to 
be governed. 

HEAD'l-NESS, (hed'e-nes) n. 1. Rashness ; precipitation. 
2. Stubbornness ; obstinacy. 

HEAD'ING, (hed'ing) n. Timber for the heads of casks. 

HEAD'LAND, (hed'land) n. 1. A cape ; a promontory. 2. 
A ridge or strip of unploughed land at the ends of furrows 
or near a fence. 

HEAD'LESS, (hed'les) a. 1. Having no head ; beheaded. 2. 
Destitute of a chief or leader. 3. Destitute of under- 
standing or prudence ; rash.; obstinate. 

HEAD'LONG, (hed'long) adv. 1. With the head foremost; 
2. Rashly ; precipitately ; without deliberation. 3. Hasti- 
ly ; without delay or respite. 

HEAD'LONG, (hed'long) a. 1. Steep ; precipitous. 2. Rash; 
precipitate. 

HEAD'MAN, (hed'man) n. A chief ; a leader. 

HEAD'MoLD-SHOT, n. A disease in children, in which 
the sutures of the skull, usually the coronal, have their 
edges shot over one another. 

HEAD'MoN-EY, (hed'mun-ny) n. A capitation tax. 

HEAD'MoST, (hed most) a. Most advanced ; most forward ; 
first in a line or order of progression. 

t HEAD'PAN, (hed'pan) n. The brain-pan. 

IIEAD'PENCE, (hed'pens) n. A kind of poll-tax formerly 
collectet^in the English county of Northumberland. 

HEtYD'PIeCE, (hed pCse) n. 1. Armor for the head ; a hel- 
met; a morion. 2. Understanding; force of mind. 

HEAD-Q,UART'ER,S^77. pZ77. 1. The quarters or place of 
residence of the commander-in-chief of an army. 2. The 
residence of any chief, or place from which orders are is- 
sued. 

HEAD'ROPE, (hed'rope) n. That part of a bolt-rope which 
terminates any sail on the upper edge. 

HEAD'^iAIL, (hed sail) n. The head-sails of a ship are the 
sails which are extended on the fore-mast and bowsprit. 

HEAD'SEA, (hed'see) n. Waves that meet the head of a ship 
or roll against her course. 

HEAD'SHAKE, (hed'shake) n. A significant shake of the 
head. Shak. 

HEAD'SHIP, (hed'ship) n. Authority ; chief place. 

HEADS'MAN, (hedz man) n. One that cuts off heads; an 
executioner. [Unusual.] Dryden. 

HEAD'SPRING, (hed'spring) 71. Fountain; source; origin. 

HEAD STALL, (hed stawi) n. That part of a bridle which 
encompasses the head. 

HEAD STONE, (hed'stone) n. 1. The principal stone in a 
foundation ; the chief or corner stone. 2. The stone at 
the head of a grave. 

HEADSTRONG, (hed strong) a. 1. Violent; obstinate ; un- 
governable ; resolute to run his own way ; bent on pur- 
suing his own will. 2. Directed by ungovernable will, or 
proceeding from obstinacy. 

t HEAD'STRONiJ-NESS, n. Obstinacy. Oayton. 

IIEAD'TIRE, (hed tire) n. Dress or attire for the head. 

HE AD' WAY, (hed'wa) n. The motion of an advancing 
ship. 

HEAD'WIND, (hed'wind) n. A wind that blows in a direc- 
tion opposite to the ship’s course. 

HEAD-WoRK'MAN, 77. The chief workman of a party; 
a foreman in a manufactory. Swift. 

HEAD'Y, (hed'y) a. 1. Rasli ; hasty ; precipitate ; violent. 


See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


HEA 


403 


HEA 


✓ 


2 Apt to affect the head j inflaming j intoxicating ; strong. 
3 . Violent j impetuous. 

Heal, w. t. [Sax. twlaa^ hclan, gehelan.] 1. To cure of a 
disease or wound. 2 . To cure ; to remove or subdue. 3 . 
To cause to cicatrize. 4 . To restore to soundness. 5 . To 
restore purity to ; to remove feculence or foreign matter. 
6. To remove, as differences or dissension ; to reconcile, 
as parties at variance. — 7 . In Scripture, to forgive ; to 
cure moral disease, and restore soundness. 8. To purify 
''rom corruptions, redress grievances, and restore to pros- 
perity. 9 . To cover, as a roof with tiles, slate, lead, &cc. 

HeAL, V. i. To grow sound ; to return to a sound state. 

HEAL, V. t. To cover See Hole. 

HeAL'A-BLE, a. That may be healed. Sherwood. 

Healed, pp. Restored to a sound state. 

HeAL'ER, 71 . He or that which cures, or restores to sound- 
ness. 

He AL'ING, ppr. 1 . Curing ; restoring to a sound state. 2 . a. 
Tending to cure ; mild ; mollifying. 

He A LING, n. 1 . The act of curing. 2 . The act of cover- 
ing ; [o6s.J 

HEALTH, (helth) n. [from heal.~\ 1 . That state of an an- 
imal or living body, in which the parts are sound, well 
organized and disposed, and in which they all perform 
freely their natural functions. In this state the animal 
feels no pain. 2 . Sound state of the mind ; natural vigor 
of faculties. 3 . Sound state of the mind, in a moral 
sense ; purity ; goodness. 4 . Salvation or divine favor, 
or grace which cheers God’s people. 5 . Wish of health 
and liappiness ; used in drinking. 

HEALTH FUL, (helth'ful) a. 1 . Being in a sound state, as 
a living or organized being ; free from disease. 2 . Serv- 
ing to promote health ; wholesome j salubrious. 3 . Indi- 
cating health or soundness. 4 . Salutary ; promoting 
spiritual health. 5 . Well-disposed ; favorable. 

HEALTIFFUL-LY, adv. In health ; wholesomely. 

HEALTH'FIJL-NESS, n. 1 . A state of being well. 2 . 
Wholesomeness j salubrity ; state or qualities that promote 


health. 

HEALTHT-LY, a. Without disease. 

HEALTH'I-NESS, n. The state of health j soundness ; 
freedom from disease. 

HEALTH'LESS, a. 1 . Infirm ; sickly. 2 . Not conducive 
to health ; [little used.] Taylor. 

t HEALTH'SoME, a. Wholesome. Shak. 

HEALTH'Y, a. 1 . Being in a sound state ; enjoying health ; 
hale ; sound. 2 . Conducive to health j wholesome 3 sa- 
lubrious. Locke. 

He AM, n. In beasts, the same as after-birth in women. 

Heap, n. [Sax. heap, heop.] I. A pile or mass 3 a collec- 
tion of things laid in a body so as to form an elevation. 
2 . A crowd 5 a throng 3 a cluster 3 applied to living per- 
sons 3 in 7ise.] 3 . A mass of ruins. 

Heap, V. t. [Sax. heapian.] 1 . To throw or lay in a heap 3 
to pile. 2 . To amass 3 to accumulate 3 to lay up 3 to col- 
lect in great quantity. 3 . To add something else, in large 
quantities. 4. To pile 3 to add till the mass takes a 
roundish form, or till it rises above the measure. 

Heaped, pp. Piled 3 amassed 3 accumulated. 

He A PER, n. One who heaps, piles or amasses. 

HeAP'ING, ppr. Piling 3 collecting into a mass. 

HeAP'LY, adv. In heaps. Haloet. 

HeAP'Y, a. Lying in heaps. Gay. 

Hear, v. t. ,* pret. and pp, heard, but more correctly heaved. 
[Sax. heoran, hyran.] 1 . To perceive by the ear 3 to feel 
an impression of sound by the proper organs. 2 . To give 
audience or allowance to speak. 3 . To attend 3 to listen 3 
to obey. 4 . To attend ftivorably 3 to regard. 5 . To grant 
an answer to prayer. 6. To attend to the facts, evidence, 
and arguments in a cause between parties 3 to try in a 
court of law or equity. 7 . To acknowledge a title. 8. 
To be a hearer of 3 to sit under the preaching of. 9 . To 
learn. 10 . To approve and embrace. — To hear a bird sing, 
to receive private communication. Shale. 

Hear, v. i. l. To enjoy the sense or faculty of perceiving 
sound. 2 . To listen 3 to hearken 3 to attend. 3 . To be 
told 3 to receive by report. 

♦Heard, \ (heerd, or 

H eared, ! herd ) 


pp. Perceived by the ear. 


HeAR'ER, n. One who hears 3 one who attends to what is 
orally delivered by another 3 an auditor 3 one of an audi- 


ence. 

HeAR'ING, ppr. 1 . Perceiving by the ear, as sound 2 . 
Listening to 3 attending to 3 obeying 3 observing what is 
commanded. 3 . Attending to witnesses or advocates in 
a judicial trial 3 trying. 

HeAR'ING, 71. 1 . The'^faculty or sense by which sound is 
perceived. 2 . Audience 3 attention to what is delivered 3 
opportunity to be heard. 3 . Judicial trial 3 attention to 
the facts, testimony and arguments in a cause between 
parties, with a view to a just decision. 4 . TJie act of per- 
ceiving sounds 3 sensation or perception of sound. 5 . 
Reach of the ear 3 extent within which sound may be 


heard. 


HEXRK'EN, (liarkMcn) v. i. [Sax. heorenian, hyrenian.] 1 . 
To listen 3 to lend the ear 3 to attend to what is uttered, 
with eagerness or curiosity. 2 . To attend 3 to regard 3 to 
give heed to what is uttered 3 to observe or obey. 3 . To 
listen 3 to attend 3 to grant or comply with. 

HEARK'EN, (hark kn) v. t. To hear by listening. [L. 74.] 

HEaRK'EN-ER, (hark kn-er) n. A listener 3 one who heark- 
ens. 

HEARK'EN-ING, (hark kn-ing) ppr. Listening 3 attending 3 
observing. 

t HEARS' AL, for rehearsal, Spenser. 

Hear say, 74. Report 3 rumor 3 fame 3 common talk. It 
is sometimes used as an adjective 3 as, hearsay evidence. 

HEARSE, (hers) n. [8ee IIerse.] 1 . A temporary monument 
set over a grave. 2 . The case or place in whicii a corpse 
is deposited. 3 . A carriage for conveying the dead to the 
grave. 4 . A hind in the second year of her age. 

HEARSE, (hers) v. t. To inclose in a hearse. Shak. 

HEARSE'GLOTH, (herskloth) n. A pall 3 a cloth to cover 
a hearse. Sanderson. 

HEARSE'LlKE, (liers'llke) a. Suitable to a funeral. 

HEART, (hiirt) 74. [Sax. / 4 eort ; G. herz ; 1 ). lun't.] 1. A 
muscular viscus, which is the primary organ of the blood’s 
motion in a.: animal body, situated in the tJiorax. 2 . The 
inner part of ai.3' thing 3 the middle part or interior. 3 . 
The chief part 3 the 'otal part 3 the vigorous or efficacious 
part. 4 . The seat of the affections and passions. Scripture. 
5 . By a metonymy, heart is useff an affection or i?as- 
sion, and particularly for love. 6. Ine seat of the under- 
standing 3 as, an understanding heart. Scripture. 7 . 'I'lie 
seat of the will 3 hence, secret purposes, intentions or 
designs. Scripture. 8. Person 3 character ; used with 
respect to courage or kindness. Shale. 9 . Courage 3 spirit. 
Mi'ton. 10 . Secret thoughts 3 recesses of the mind. 11 . 
Disposition of mind. 12 . Secret meaning 3 real intention. 
13 . Conscience, or sense of good or ill. Hooker. 14 . 
Strength 3 power of producing 3 vigor 3 fertility. Drijden. 
15 . The utmost degree. Shak. 

To get or learn by heart, to commit to memory. — To take to 
heart, to be much affected 3 also, to be zealous about a 
thing. — To lay to heart, is used nearly in the sense of tlje 
foregoing. — To set the heart on, to fix the desires on 3 to 
be very fond of. — To set the heart at rest, to make one’s 
self quiet. — To find in the heart, to be willing or disposed. 
— Fur my heart, for tenderness or affection. — 'To speak to 
one^s heart, in Scripture, to speak kindly to 3 to comfort 3 
to encourage. — To have in the heart, to purpose 3 to have 
design or intention. — J1 hard heart, cruelty 3 want of sen- 
sibility. 

HEART, V. i. To encourage. [JSTot much used.] 

HEART'-aGHE, 74. Sorrow 5 anguish of mind. Shak. 

HEART'- AL-LuR'ING, h. Suited to allure the affections. 
Parnell. 

HEART'-AP-PALL'ING, a. Dismaying the heart. 

HEART'-BREaK, 74. Overwhelming sorrower grief. Shak. 

HEART'-BREaK-ER, 74. A lady’s curl 3 a love-lock. 

HEART'-BREaK-ING, a. Breaking the heart 3 overpow- 
ering with grief or sorrow. Spenser. 

HEART'-BREaK-ING, 74. Overpowering grief 3 deep af- 
fliction. Hakewill. 

HEART'-BRED, a. Bred in the heart. Crashaw. 

HEART'-BRoK-EN, a. Deeply afflicted or grieved. 

HEART'-BUR-IED, (hart'ber-rid) a. Deeply immersed. 

HEART'-BURN, n. Cardialgy 3 a disease or affection of the 
s tottifvd) 

HEART'-BURNED, a. Having the heart inflamed. 

IIEART'-BURN-IN(lk,^a. Causing discontent. 

HEART'-BURN-ING, 74. 1 . Ileart-burn, which see. 2 . 

Discontent 3 secret enmity. Swift. 

HEART'-CHILLED, a. Having the heart chilled. 

HEART'-CON-SuM'ING, a. Destroying peace of mind. 

HEART -COR-RoD'ING, a. Preying on the heart. 

IIEAIIT'-Df.AR, a. Sincerely beloved. Shak. 

HEART'-DEEP, a. Rooted in the heart. Herbert. 

HEART'-DIS-CoUR'A-GING, a. Depressing the spirits. 

HEART'-kASE, 74. Quiet 3 tranquillity of mind. 

HEART'-kAS-ING, a. Giving quiet to the mind. 

HEART'-eAT-ING, a. Preying on the heart. 

HEaRT'-EX-PAND'ING, a. Enlarging the heart 3 opening 
the feelings. Thomson. 

HEART'-FELT, a. Deeply felt 3 deeply affecting, either as 
joy or sorrow. 

HEART'-GRIeF, 74. Affliction of the heart. .Milton, 

HEIART'-HARD-ENED, a. Obdurate 3 impenitent 3 un- 
feeling. Harmer. 

HEART'-HaRD-EN-ING, a. Rendering cruel. 

HEART'-HEAV-I-NESS, 74. Depression of spirits. 

HEART -OF-FEND'ING, a. Wounding the heart. 

HEART'-Pe.\, 74. A plant, the cardiospervmw , 

HEART'-aUELI<-ING, a. Conquering the affection. 

IIEART'-REND-ING, a. Breaking the heart 3 overpower- 
ing with anguish 3 deeply afflictive. 

HEART'-ROB-BING, a. 1 . Depriving of thought 3 ecstatic. 
2 . Stealing the heart 3 winning. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 3 BULL, UNITE.— € as K 3 0 as J 3 $ as Z 3 CH os SH 3 TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


HEA 


404 


HEA 


HEART’S'-BLOOD, ) n. The blood of the heart j life ; es- 

HEART'-BLOdD, J seiice. 

HEART’S'-E*A*SE, n. A plant, a species of viola. 

flEAKT'-SEARCH-ING, a. Searching the secret thoughts 
and purposes. 

HEART'-S1€K, a. Sick at heart 3 pained in mind ; deeply 
afllicted or depressed. 

HEART'-SORE, n. That which pains the heart. 

HEART'-SORE, a. Deeply wounded. Shak. 

HEART'-SOR'ROW-ING, a. Sorrowing deeply. 

t HEAKT'-STRIKE, v.t. To affect at heart. B. Jonson. 

HEART'-STRING, n. A nerve or tendon, supposed to 
brace and sustain the heart. Taylor. 

HEART'-STRU€K, a. 1. Driven to the heart j infixed in 
the mind. 2. Shocked with fear j dismayed. 

HEAirF-SVVELL-ING, a. Rankling in the heart. 

HEART'-WHOLE, a. 1. Not affected with love; not in 
love, or not deeply aflected. 2. Having unbroken spirits, 
or good courage. 

HEART'- VVOUND-ED, a. Wounded with love or grief; 
deeply affected with some passion. Pope. 

HEART'-WOUND-ING, a. Riercing with grief. 

HEART'ED, a. 1. Taken to heart ; [ois.] 2. Composed of 
hearts ; [065.] 3. Laid up in the heart. Shak. — This word 
is chiefly used in composition; as, hard-hearted, faint- 
hearted, &cc. 

HEaRT'ED-JVESS, 71. Sincerity ; warmth ; zeal ; used in 
composition. 

HEART'EN, (har'tn) v. t. 1. To encourage ; to animate ; 
to incite or stimulate courage. Sidney. 2. To restore fer- 
tility or strength to ; [little used.'] May. 

HEART'EN-ER, rt. He or that which gives courage or ani- 
mation. Brown. 

HEARTH, (harth) n. [Sax. heorth.] A pavement or floor 
of brick or stone in a chimney, on which a fire is made to 
warm a room. 

HE^RTH'-PiB^^^’ I ^ hearths. Blackstone. 

HEART'I-LY, adv. 1. From the heart ; with all the heart; 
with sincerity ; really. 2. With zeal ; actively ; vigor- 
ously. 3. Eagerly ; freely ; largely. 

HEART'I-NESS, n. 1. Sincerity; zeal; ardor; earnest- 
ness. 2. Eagerness of appetite. 

HEART'LESS, a. Without courage ; spiritless ; faint-heart- 
ed. Dryden. 

HEART'LESS-LY, adv. Without courage or spirit ; faint- 
ly ; timidly ; feebly. 

HEART'LESS-NESS, n. Want of courage or spirit ; dejec- 
tion of mind ; feebleness. Bp. Hall. 

HEART'SoME, a. Merry ; cheerful ; lively. Brockett. 

HEART'Y, a. 1. Having the heart engaged in any thing ; 
sincere ; warm ; zealous. 2. Proceeding from the heart ; 
sincere ; warm. 3. Being full of health ; sound ; strong ; 
healthy. 4. Strong ; durable. TVotton. 5. Having a keen 
appetite ; eating much. G. Strong ; nourishing. 

t HEART'Y-HALE, a. Good for the heart. Spenser. 

Heat, V. [Sax. heat, hwt.] 1. Heat, as a cause of sensa- 
tion, that is, the matter of heat, is considered to be a subtil 
fluid, contained in a greater or less degree in all bodies. 
In modern chemistry, it is called caloric. 2. Heat, as .a 
sensation, is the effect produced on the sentient organs of 
animals, by the passage of caloric, disengaged from sur- 
rounding bodies, to the organs. 3. Hot air ; hot weather. 
4. Any accumulation or concentration of the matter of 
lieat or caloric. 5. The state of being once heated or hot. 
6. A violent action unintermitted ; a single effort. 7. A 
single effort in running ; a course at a race. 8. Redness 
of the face ; flush. 9. Animal excitement ; violent action 
or agitation of the system. 10. Utmost violence ; rage ; 
vehemence. 11. Violence ; ardor. 12. Agitation of 
mind ; inflammation or excitement ; exasperation. 13. 
Ardor ; fervency ; animation in thought or discourse. 14. 
Fermentation. 

Heat, V. t. [Sax. hwtan.] 1. To make hot ; to communi- 
cate heat to, or cause to be hot. 2. To make feverish. 
3. To warm with passion or desire ; to excite ; to rouse 
into action. 4. To agitate the blood and spirits with ac- 
tion ; to excite animal action. 

IIeAT, V. i. To grow warm or hot. 

HEAT, for heated, is in popular use, and pronounced het ; 
but it is not elegant. 

IIeAT'ED, pp. Made hot ; inflamed ; exasperated. 

HeAT'ER, n. 1. He or that which heats. 2. A triangular 
mass of iron, which is heated and put into a box-iron to 
heat it for ironing clothes. 

HeA'P'FIJL, a. Full of warmth. Sylvester. 

Heath, 71. [Sax. l. a plant or shrub of the genus 
e7'ica, of many species. 2. A place overgrown with heath. 
3. A place overgrown with slirubs of any kind. 

HeATH'€ 0€K, 71. A large fowl which frequents heaths, a 
species of grouse. Carew. 

HeATH'PeA, 71. A species of bitter vetch, 

HeATH'POUT, 71. A bird, the same as the heath-cock. 

HeATII'ROSE, 77. A plant. Ainsworth. 


HeATH'EN, (he'then) n. [Sax. hcethen ,* G. heide j D. 
heiden ; Gr. edvog.] 1. A pagan; a Gentile; one who 
worships idols, or is unacquainted with the true God. 2. 
A rude, illiterate, barbarous person. 

HeATH'EN, a. Gentile; pagan. Addison. 

HeATH'EN-ISH, a. 1. Belonging to Gentiles or pagans. 

2. Rude ; illiterate ; wild ; uncivilized. 3. Barbarous j 
savage ; cruel ; raj)acious. 

HeATH'EN-IsSH-LY, ado. After the manner of heathens. 

IlEATH'EN-lSH-NEyS, n. A profane state, like that of 
rile heathens. 

HeATH'EN-ISM, 77. 1. Gentilism ; paganism ; ignorance 
of the true God ; idolatry. 2. Rudeness ; barbarism ; ig- 
norance. 

HeATH'EN-iZE, V. t. To render heathen or heathenish. 

HEATH'ER, 77. Heath. 

HeATH'Y, a. Full of heath; abounding with heath. Mor- 
timer. 

HeAT'ING, ppr. 1. Making warm or hot; inflaming; 
rousing the passions ; exasperating. 2. a. Tending to 
impart heat to; promoting warmth or heat ; exciting ac- 
tion ; stimulating. 

Heat . LESS, a. Destitute of heat ; cold. Beaumont. 

Heave, (heev) V. t. j pret. heaved, or hove / pp. heaved, 
hove, formerly hoven. [Sax. heafan, hefan, heofan.] 1. To 
lift : to raise ; to move upward. 2. To cause to swell. 

3. To raise or force from the breast. 4. To raise ; to ele- 
vate ; with high. 5. To puff ; to elate. 6. To throw ; to 
cast; to send. 7. To raise by turning a windlass ; with 
up. 8. To turn a windlass or capstan with bars or levers. 
— To heave ahead, to draw a ship forwards. — To heave 
astern, to cause to recede; to draw back. — To heave 
down, to throw or lay down on one side ; to careen. — To 
heave out, to throw out. With seamen, to loose or unfurl 
a sail, particularly the stay-sails. — To heave to, to bring 
the ship’s head to the wind, and stop her motion. — To 
heave up, to relinquish ; [vulgar.] 

HeAVE, (heev) v. i. 1. To swell, distend or dilate. 2. 
To pant ; to breathe with labor or pain. 3. To keck ; to 
make an effort to vomit. 4. To rise in billows, as the 
sea ; to swell. 5. To rise ; to be lifted. 6. To rise or 
swell, as the earth at the breaking up of frost. — To heave 
in si^ht, to appear ; to make its first appearance. 

PIeAVE, (heev) n. 1. A rising or swell ; an exertion or 
eflbrt upward. 2. A rising swell, or distention, as of the 
breast. 3. An effort to vomit. 4. An eflbrt to rise. 

HeAVE'-OF-FER-1NG, 77. Among the Jews, an offering 
consisting of the tenth of the tithes which the Levites 
received. 

HEAV'EN, (hev'n) 7?. [Sax. heafen, hefen, heofen.] 1. The 
region or expanse which surrounds the earth, and which 
appears above and around us, like an immense arch or 
vault, in which are seen the sun, moon and stars. — 2. 
Among Christians, the part of space in which the omni- 
present Jehovah is supposed to afford more sensible mani- 
festations of his glory. — 3. Among pa^a77s, the residence 
of the celestial gods. 4. The sky or air ; the region of 
the atmosphere; or an elevated place ; m a very indefinite 
sense. — 5. TJie Hebrews acknowledged three heavens — 
the air, or aerial heavens ; the firmament, in which the 
stars are supposed to be placed ; and the heaven of heav- 
ens, or third heaven, the residence of Jehovah. Brown. — 
6. Modern philosophers divide the expanse above and 
around the earth into two parts — the atmosphere, or aerial 
heaven, and the ethereal heaven, beyond the region of the 
air, in w'hich there is supposed to be a thin, unresisting 
medium, called ether. 7. The Supreme Power ; the Sove- 
reign of heaven ; God. 8. The pagan deities ; celestials. 
9. Elevation; sublimity. 10. Supreme felicity; great 
happiness. 

HEAV'EN-AS-PiR'ING, a. Aspiring to heaven. 

HEAV'EN-BAN'ISHED, a. Banished from heaven. 

HEAV'EN-BE-GOT', a. Begot by a celestial being. Dry- 
den. 

HEAV'EN-BORN, a. Born from heaven ; native of heaven, 
or of the celestial regions. Pope. 

HEAV'EN-BRED, a. Produced or cultivated in heaven. 

HEAV'EN-BUILT, a. Built by the agency or favor of the 
gods. Pope. 

HEAV'EN-DF-REGT'ED, a. 1. Pointing to the sky. 2. 
Taught or directed by the celestial powers. Pope. 

HEAV'EN-FALL'EN, a. Fallen from heaven ; having re- 
volted from God. Milton. 

HEAV'EN-GIFT'ED, a. Bestowed by heaven. Milton. 

HEAV'EN-IN-SPlR'ED, a. Inspired by heaven. Milton. 

HEAV'EN-IN-STRU€T'ED, a. Taught by heaven. Cra- 
shaw. 

HEAV'EN-IZE, (hev'n-Ize) v. t. To render like heaven. 

IIEAV'EN-KISS'ING, a. Touching as it were the sky. 

HEAV'EN-Ll-NESS, n. Supreme excellence. 

HEAV'EN-L6VED, a. Beloved by heaven. Milton. 

HEAV'EN-IjY, a. 1. Pertaining to heaven ; celestial. 2. 
Resembling heaven ; supremely excellent. 3. Inhabiting 
heaven. 


HEB 


405 


HEE 


HEAV'EN-LY, adv. 1. In a manner resembling that of 
heaven. 2. By the influence or agency of heaven. 

HEAV'EN-LY-MiND'ED, a. Having the affections placed 
on heaven, and on spiritual things. 

HEAV'EN-LY-INllND'ED-NESS, n. The state of having 
the affections placed on heavenly things. 

IIEAV'EN-SA-LuTHNG, a. Touching the sky. Cra~ 
shaip, 

HEAV EN-WARD, adv. Toward heaven. Prior. 

HEAV'EN-WAR'RING, a. Warring against heaven. 

HeAV'ER, One who heaves or lifts. — Among seamen, a 
staff' for a lever. 

Heaves, (heevz) n. A disease of horses, characterized by 
difficult and laborious respiration. 

HEAV'i-LY, (hev'e-ly) adv. 1. With great weight. 2. 
With great weight of grief ; grievously ; afflictively. 3. 
Sorrowfull}’ j with grief. 4. With an air of sorrow or 
dejection. 5. With weight; oppressively. 6. Slowly 
and laboriously ; with difficulty. 

IIEAVff-NESS, (hev'e-nes) n. 1. Weight; ponderousness; 
gravity ; the quality of being heavy. 2. Sadness ; sor- 
row ; dejection of mind ; depression of spirits. 3. Slug- 
gishness ; torpidness ; dullness of spirit ; languidness ; 
languor ; lassitude. 4. Weight ; burden ; oppression. 5. 
That which it requires great strength to move or over- 
come ; that which creates labor and difficulty. 6. Thick- 
ness ; moistness ; deepness. 7. Thickness ; moistness ; 
as of air. 

HeAV'ING, ppr. Lifting; swelling; throwing; panting; 
making an eff’ort to vomit. 

HeAV'ING, n. A rising or swell ; a panting. Shak. 

HEAV'I-SoME, a. Dark ; dull ; drowsy. Craven dia- 
lect. 

HEAVW, (hev'y) a. [Sax. heafig, !• Weighty ; 

ponderous ; having great weight. 2. Sad ; sorrowful ; 
dejected ; depressed in mind. 3. Grievous ; afflictive ; 
depressing to the spirits. 4. Burdensome ; oppressive. 
5. Wanting life and animation ; dull. 6. Drowsy; dull. 
7. Wanting spirit or animation ; destitute of life or rapid- 
ity of sentiment ; dull. 8. Wanting activity or vivacity ; 
indolent. 9. Slow ; sluggish. 10. Burdensome ; tedious. 
II. Loaded; encumbered; burdened. 12. Lying with 
weight on the stomach ; not easily digested. 13. Moist ; 
deep ; soft ; miry. 14. Difficult ; laborious. 15. Weary ; 
supported with pain or difficulty. 16. Inflicting severe 
evils, punishments or judgments. 17. Burdensome ; oc- 
casioning great care. 18. Dull ; not hearing; inattentive. 
19. Large, as billows ; swelling and rolling with great 
force. 20. Large in amount. 21. Thick ; dense ; black. 
22. Violent ; tempestuous. 23. Large ; abundant. 24. 
Great ; violent ; forcible. 25. Not raised by leaven or 
fermentation ; not light ; clammy. 26. Requiring much 
labor or much expense. 27. Loud. — Heavy metal, in mil- 
itary affairs, signifies large guns, carrying balls of a large 
size. 

HEAV'Y, (hev'y) adv. With great weight ; used in compo- 
sition. 

t HEAVY, (hev'y) v. t. To make heavy. Wickliffe. 

HEAV'Y-HAND-ED, a. Clumsy; not active or dextrous. 

HEAV'Y-LaD'EN, a. Laden with a heavy burden. 

HEAV'Y-SPAR, 7i. A genus of minerals. 

IIeAZ'Y, a. [Icel. /toe^e.] Hoarse; taking breath with dif- 
ficulty. iProvincial.] 

f HEBT)0-MAD, n. [Gr. e(^Sopas ; Jj. kebdoinada.'] A week ; 
a period of seven days. Brown. 

HEB-DOM^A-DAL, ) a. Weekly ; consisting of seven 

HEB-DOM'A-DA-RY, ^ days, or occurring every seven 
days. 

HEB-DOM^A-DA-RY, n. A member of a chapter or con- 
vent, whose week it is to officiate in the choir. 

HEB-DO-MATff-CAL, a. Weekly. Bp. Morton. 

HEB'EN, n. Ebony. Spenser. 

TIEB'E-TATE, v. t. [L. hebeto.l To dull ; to blunt ; to stu- 
pefy. 

HEB'E-TA-7’ED, pp. Made blunt, dull or stupid. 

HEB'E-TA-TING, ppr. Rendering blunt, dull or stupid. 

HEB-E-Ta'TION, n. 1. Tlie act of making blunt, dull or 
stupid. 2. The state of being dulled. 

t HE-BeTE', a. Dull; stupid. 

IIEB'E-TUDE, n. [L. hebetudo.'] Dullness ; stupidity. 

HE-BRaTC, a. [from Pertaining to the Hebrews ; 
designating the language of the Hebrews. 

IIE-BRa'I-GAL-LY, adv. After the manner of the Hebrew 
language ; from right to leff. Swift. 

* He'BRA-I?M, n. A Hebrew idiom. 

*' He'BRA-IST, n. One versed in the Hebrew language. 

He'BRA-iZE, V. t. To convert into the Hebrew idiom; to 
make Hebrew. J. P. Smith. 

He'BRA-TZE, V. i. To speak Hebrew, or to conform to the 
Hebrews. 

He'BREW, n. [Heb. Ebcr, either a proper name, or a 
name denoting passage, pilgrimage, or coming from beyond 
the Euphrates.] 1. One of the descendants of Eber or Heber ; 


but particularly, a descendant of Jacob, who was a de- 
scendant of Eber ; an Israelite ; a Jew. 2. The Hebrew 
language. 

He'BREW, a. Pertaining to the Hebrews. 

He'BREW-ESS, n. An israelitish woman. 

HE-BRI''CIAN, n. One skilled in the Hebrew language. 

HE-BRID'I-AN, a. Pertaining to the Hebrides. 

HEC'A-ToMB, n. [Li. hecatombe.'] In a sacrifice 

of a hundred oxen or beasts of the same kind. 

HECK, n. 1. An engine or instrument for catching fish. 
2. A rack for holding fodder for cattle ; [local.l 3. A 
bend in a stream. 4. A hatch or latch of a door; 
[ZocaZ.] 

HEC'KLE, V. t. A different orthography of hackle, or 
hetchel. 

HEC'TARE, n. [Gr. CKarov, and L. area.] A French mea- 
sure containing a hundred ares. 

HEC'TIC, or HEC'TI-CAL, a. [Gr. 1. Habitual ; 

denoting a slow, continual fever, marked by preternat- 
ural, though remitting heat, which precedes and accom- 
panies the consumption or phthisis. 2. Affected with 
hectic fevers. 3. Troubled with a morbid heat. 

HEC'TIC, n. A hectic or habitual fever. Shak. 

HE€'TI-CAL-LY, adv. Constitutionally. Johnson. 

HEC'TO-GRAM, n. [Gr. e/carov and ypappa.] In the F?-enrA 
system of weights and measures, a \veight containing a 
hundred grams. 

HEC'TO-LI-TER, n. [Gr. ikutov and Xtrpa.] A French 
measure of capacity for liquids, containing a hundred 
liters. 

HEC-TOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. zKarov and perpov.] A French 
measure equal to a hundred metres. 

HEC'TOR, ??. [from i/ector, the son of Priam.] I. A bully; 
a blustering, turbulent, noisy fellow. 2. One who teases 
or V 0 XCS# 

HEC'TOR, V. t. 1. To threaten ; to bully ; to treat with in- 
solence. 2. To tease ; to vex ; to torment by words. 

HEC'TOR, V. i. To play the bully ; to bluster. 

HEC'TORED, pp. Bullied ; teased. 

HEC'TOR-ING, ppr. Bullying ; blustering ; vexing. 

HE€'T0R-IS?M, 71. The disposition or practice of a hector; 
a bullying. Ch. Relig. Appeal. 

HE€'T0R-LY, a. Blustering ; insolent. Barrow. 

HED-EN-BERG'ITE, n. A mineral. 

HED-ER-a'CEOUS, a. [L. hederaceus.] 1. Pertaining to 
ivy. 2. Producing ivy. 

HED'ER-AL, a. Composed of ivy ; belonging to ivy. 

HED-E-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. hedera and fero.] Producing 
ivy. 

HEDGE, (hej) n. [Sax. hegc, heag, hwg, hegge ; G. heck ; 
D. heg, haag. ) Properly, a thicket of thorn-bushes or other 
shrubs or sniall trees ; but appropriately, such a thicket 
planted round a field to fence it, or in rows, to separate 
the parts of a garden. Hedge, prefixed to another word, 
or in composition, denotes something mean, as a hedge- 
priest. 

HEDGE, (hej) v. t. 1. To inclose wuth a hedge ; to fence 
with a thicket of shrubs or small trees ; to separate by a 
hedge. 2. To obstruct with a hedge, or to obstruct in any 
manner. B. To surround for defense ; to fortify. 4. To 
inclose for preventing escape. 

HEDGE, (hej) v. i. To hide, as in a hedge ; to skulk. 

HEDGE'-BILL, or HEDG'ING-BILL, ?r. A cutting hook 
used in dressing hedges. 

HEDGE'-BORN, a. Of low birth, as if born in the woods ; 
outlandish ; obscure. Shak. 

HEDGE'-BOTE, n. Wood for repairing hedges. 

HEDGE'-€REEP-ER, n. One who skulks under hedges. 

HEDGE-FU'M1-T0-RY, V. A plant. Ainsworth. 

HEDGE'HOG, n. I. A quadruped, or genus of quadrupeds, 
the erinaceus. The common hedgehog has round ears, 
and crested nostrils ; his body is about nine inches long, 
and the upper part is covered with prickles or spines. 2. 
A term of reproach. Shak. 3. A plant of the genus 7«crfi- 
cago, or snail-trefoil. 4. The globe-fish. The sea-hedge- 
ho^a, is the echinus, a genus of zoophytes. 

HEDGE'HOG-THIS'TLE, n. A plant, the cactus. 

HEDGE'-HYS-SOP, n. A plant, the gratiola. 

HEDGE'-MUS-TARD, n. A plant, the erysimum. 

HEDGE'-NET-TLE, 11 . A plant, the galeopsis. 

HEDGE'-NOTE, n. A term of contempt for low writing. 

HEDGE'PIG, n. A young hedgehog. Sha^. 

HEDGE'RoVV, n. A row or series of shrubs or trees planted 
for inclosure, or separation of fields. 

HEDGE'-SPAR-RoW, 71. A bird frequenting hedges. 

HEDGE'-WRIT-ER, 7 i. a Grub-street writer, or low author. 

HEDG'ER, 71 . One who makes hedges. 

HEDG'ING, ppr. Inclosing with a hedge ; confining. 

HEED, V. t. [Sax. hedan.] To mind ; to regard tvith care ; 
to take notice of ; to attend to ; to observe. 

HEED, 77 . 1. Care; attention. 2. Caution ; pre ; watch 
for danger; notice; circumspection. 3. Notice ; observa- 
tion ; regard ; attention. 4. Seriousness ; a steady look. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 


HEI 


406 


HEL 


HEED, V. i. To mind ; to consider. Warton. 

HEED'EDj pp. Noticed ; observed ; regarded. 

HEED'FIJL, a. 1. Attentive ; observing ; giving heed. 2. 
Watchful j cautious 3 circumspect 3 wary. 

HEED'FIIL-LY, adv. 1. Attentively 3 carefully 3 cautious- 
ly. 2. Watchfully. 

HEED'Fl.^L-NESS, ?i. Attention 3 caution 3 vigihance 3 cir- 
cumspection 3 care. 

t HEEI)'I-LY, adv. Cautiously 3 vigilantly. Diet. 

t HEED'I-NESS, n. Caution 3 vigilance. Spenser. 

liEED'LESS, a. Inattentive 3 careless 3 negligent 3 thought- 
less 3 regardless 3 unobserving. 

HEED LESS-LY, adv. Carelessly 3 negligently 3 inatten- 
tively 3 without care or circumspection. 

HEED'LESS-NESS, n. Inattention 3 carelessness 3 thought- 
lessness 3 negligence. Locke. 

HEEL, n. [Sax. hel^ hela.] 1. The hind part of the foot. 
2. The whole foot. 3. The hind part of a shoe, either for 
man or beast. 4. The part of a stocking intended for the 
heel. 5. Something shaped like the human heel 3 a pro- 
tuberance or knob. 6. 'J’he latter part. 7. A spur. 8. 
The after end of a ship’s keel 3 the lower end of the stern- 
post to which it is connected 3 also, the lower end of a 
mast. — To he at the heels ^ to pursue closely 3 to follow 
hard 3 also, to attend closely. — To show the heels ^ to flee 3 
to run from. — To take to the heels, to flee 3 to betake to 
flight. — To lay by the heels, to fetter 3 to shackle 3 to con- 
fine. — To have the heels of, to outrun. — J^eck and heels, 
the whole length of the body. 

HEEL, V. i. To dance. Shak. 

HEEL, V. t. L To arm a cock. 2. To add a heel to. 

HEEL, V. i. [Sax. hyldan.] To incline 3 to lean. 

HEEL'ER, 11. A cock that strikes well with his heels. 

HEEL'-PIeCE, ri. 1. Armor for the heels. Chesterfield. 2. 
A piece (fl’ leather on the heel of a shoe. 

HEEL'-PIeCE, V. t. To put a piece of leather on a shoe- 
heel. 

HEFT, n. [Sax. hefe.] 1. Heaving 3 effort 3 [0&5.] Shak. 
2. [D. heft.] A handle 3 a haft 3 [o&s.] Waller. 3. 
Weight 3 poiiderousness. [This use is common in popu- 
lar language in America. And we sometimes hear it used 
as a verb, as, to heft, to lift for the purpose of feeling or 
judging of the weight.] 

HEFT'ED, a. Heaved 3 expressing agitation. Shak. 

HEG, n. A fairy 3 a witch. See Hag. 

HEGE-MON'IC, \ a. [Gr. y-yepoviKog.] Ruling 3 pre- 

HEGE-MON'I-CAL, I dominant. Fotherby. 

* HE-GT'RA, 71. [Ar. from hajara, to remove, to desert.] In 
chronology, an epoch among the Mohammedans, from 
which they compute time. The event which gave rise to 
it was the flight of Mohammed from Mecca, July 16, A. D. 
622. 

HEIF'ER, (hePer) n. [Sax. heafre.] A young cow. 

HElGH-HO, (hi'ho). An exclamation expressing some de- 
gree of languor or uneasiness. Dryden has used it for the 
voice of exultation. 

^ HEIGHT, i (n. [Sax. heahtho, heatho, hehthe, 

HlGIPP, i ) heotho, hethe, hihth, hyhthe.] 

HiGHTlI, (hit-th) ( I. Elevation above the ground 3 
any indefinite distance above the earth. 2. The altitude 
of an object 3 the distance which any thing rises above its 
foot, basis or foundation. 3. Elevation of a star or other 
celestial luminary above the horizon. 4. Degree of lati- 
tude, either north or south. 5. Distance of one thing 
above another. 6. An eminence 3 a summit 3 an elevated 
part of any tiling. 7. A hill or mountain; any elevated 
ground. 8. Elevation of rank 3 station of dignity or office. 
9. Elevation in excellence of any kind, as in power, 
learning, arts. 10. Elevation in fame or reputation. IJ. 
Utmost degree in extent or violence. 12. Utmost exer- 
tion. 13. Advance; degree 3 progress towards perfection 
or elevation. Addison. 

HEiGllT'EN, (hl'tn) v. t. 1. To raise higner 3 but not often 
used ill this literal sense. 2. To advance in progress 
towards a better state 3 to improve ; to meliorate 3 to in- 
crease in excellence. 3. To aggravate ; to advance to- 
wards a worse state 3 to augment in violence. 4. To 
increase. 

HEIGHT'ENED, (hl'tnd) pp. Raised higher; elevated 3 
exalted 3 advanced; improved 3 aggravated; increased. 

HElGIIT'EN-ING, (hl'tn-ing) ppr. Raising 3 elevating 3 
exalting 3 improving; increasing; aggravating. 

HElGIlT'EN-ING, (hi tn-ing) n. 1. The act of elevating 3 
increase of excellence 3 improvement. 2. Aggravation 3 
augmentation. 

* HEPNOU8, I a. [The orthography kainous would be pref- 

KaPNOUS, \ erable, as it gives the true pronunciation 

and derivation of this word, which is from the Fr. hai- 
neuz.] Properly, hateful 3 odious 3 hence, great, enormous, 
aggravated. 

* 11EP\0US-LY, adv. Hatefully 3 abominably 3 enormously. 

^ HEPNOUS-NESS, 71. Odiousness 3 enormity. 

HEIR, (are) n. [Norm, hier, here.] 1. The man who suc- 
ceeds, or is to succeed another in the possession of lands. 


tenements and hereditaments, by descent. 2. One who 
inherits, or takes from an ancestor. 3. One who succeeds 
to the estate of a former possessor. 4. One who is entitled 
to possess. 

HEIR, (are) v. t. To inherit 3 to take possession of an 
estate of inheritance, after the death of the ancestor. 

HEIR-AP-PAfllENT, n. The man who has an absolute and 
exclusive title to succeed to his estate or crown. 

HEIR-PRE-SUMP'TI VE, n. One who, if the ancestor 
should die immediately, would be heir, but whose right 
of inheritance may be defeated by any contingency, as by 
the birth of a nearer relative. 

HElR'DoM, (are'dum) n. Succession by inheritance. Burke. 

HEIR'ESS, (are'es) n. A female heir 3 a female that inherits 
an estate 3 an inheritrix. 

HEIR'LESS, (are'les) a. Destitute of an heir. 

HEIR'-LOOAI, (are'loom) n. {heir, and Sax. loma.] Any 
furniture, movable, or personal chattel, which by law de- 
scends to the heir with the house or freehold. 

HEIR'SHIP, (are'ship) n. The state, character or privileges 
of an heir; right of inheriting. 

HELD, pret. and pp. of hold. 

fHELE, V. t. [L. celo.] To hide. Oower. 

HE-LPA-OAL, a. [L. heliacus.] Emerging from the light 
of the sun, or passing into it. 

HE-Ll'A-CAL-LY, adv. A star rises heliacally, when it 
emerges from the sun’s light, so as to be visible. 

HEL'I-€AL, a. [Gr. fAt^.] Spiral 3 winding 3 moving round. 
Wilkins. 

HELT-CITE, n. Fossil remains of the helix, a shell. 

He'LING, 77. {Li.celo.] The covering of the roof of a build- 
ing 3 written also hilling. 

HE-LI-O-CENT'RIG, a. [Fr. heliocentrique.] The heliocen- 
tric place of a planet is the place of the ecliptic in which 
the planet would appear to a spectator at the centre of the 
sun. 

HE-LI-OL'A-TER, 71. [Gr. 17X405 and Xarpeuw.] A worship- 
er of the sun. Drummond. 

HE-LI-OL'A-TRY, 71. [Gr. tfKiog and Xarpjta.] The wor- 
ship of the sun, a branch of Sabianism. 

HE-LI-OM'E-TER, n. [Gr. rjXiog and perpew.] An instru- 
ment for measuring the diameter of the heavenly bodies. 

HE'LI-0-S€0PE, 71 . [Gr. y\iog and ckottcio.] A sort of tele- 
scope fitted for viewing the sun. 

He'LI-O-STATE, 71. [Gr. 17X405 and crarog.] An instrument 
by which a sunbeam may be steadily directed to one 
spot. 

He'LI-O-TROPE, 74. [Gr. 17X405 and rpeuw.] 1. Among the 
ancients, an instrument or machine for showing when the 
sun arrived at the tropics and the equinoctial line. 2. A 
genus of plants, the turnsole. 3. A mineral. 

HEL-IS-PHER'I€, I a. Spiral. The helispherical line 

HEL-IS-PHER'I-€AL, ) is the rhomb line in navigation. 

He'LIX, 74. [Gr. fX4|.] 1. A spiral line; a winding ; or 
something that is spiral. — 2. In zoology, the snail-shell. 

HELL, 74. {S)diX. hell, helle.] ]. The place or state of pun- 
ishment for the wicked after death. 2. The place of the 
dead, or of souls after death 3 the lower regions, or the 
grave. 3. The pains of hell, temporal death, or agonies 
that dying persons feel, or which bring to the brink of the 
grave. 4. The gates of hell, the power and policy of Sa- 
tan and his instruments. 5. The infernal powers. 6. 
The place at a running play”^ to which are carried those 
who are cauglit. 7. A place into which a tailor throws 
his shreds. 8. A dungeon or prison 3 [065.] 

HELL'BLAGK, a. Black as hell. Shak. 

HELL'-BORN, a. Born in hell. 

HELL -BRED, a. Produced in hell. Spenser. 

HELL'-BREWED, a. Prepared in hell. 

HELL'-BROTH, n. A composition for infernal purposes. 

HELL'-€AT, n. A witch ; a liag. Middleton. 

HELL-€ON-FOUND'ING, a. Defeating the infernal pow 
ers. 

HELL'-DOOMED, a. Doomed or consigned to hell. Milton. 

HELL'-G6V-ERNED, a. Directed by hell. Shak. 

HELL'-H AG, 74. A hag of hell. 

HELL'-HaT-ED, a. Abhorred as hell. Shak. 

HELL'-HAUNT-ED, a. Haunted by the devil. 

HELL'-HOUND, n. A dog of hell ; an agent of hell. 

HELL'-KiTE, n. A kite of an infernal breed. 

HEL'LE-BORE, n. [L. helleborus.] The name of several 
plants of different genera, the most important of which 
are the black hellebore, Christmas rose, or Christmas 
flower. 

HEL'IjE-BO-RISM, 74. A medicinal preparation of helle- 
bore. Ferrand. 

HEL-Le'NI-AN, ) a. [Gr. iWyviKog, i'X'Xyviog.] Pertaining 

HEL-LEN'IC, ) to the Hellenes, or inhabitants of 
Greece. 

HEL'LEN-ISM, n. [Gr. tWrjviapog.] A phrase in the idiom, 
genius or construction of the Greek language. 

HEL'LEN-IST, n. [Gr. iWynaryg.] 1. A Grecian Jew 3 a 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, U, Y, lung. — FAR, FALL, WHAT 3 — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3 — | Obsolete. 


HEN 


HEM 407 


Jew who used the Greek language. 2 . One skilled in the 
Greek language. 

HEL-LE-NIS'TIG, a. Pertaining to the Hellenists. 

HEL-LE NIS'TI-€AL-LY, ado. According to the Helle- 
nistic dialect. Gregory. 

HEL'EE-iMZE, v. i. To use the Greek language. 

lIEI.'LES-POiN’T, n. A narrow strait between Europe and 
Asia, now called the Dardanelles. 

HEL-LES-PONTTNE, a. Pertaining to the Hellespont. 

I HEL'LI-ER, n. A tiler or slater. See Hele. 

HELLTSH, a. 1 . Pertaining to hell. 2 . Like hell in quali- 
ties ; infernal ; malignant ; wicked ; detestable. 

HELL'It^H-LY, adv. infernally j with extreme malignity 3 
wickedly 3 detestably. Bp. Barlow. 

HELL'ISH-NESS, n. The qualities of hell or of its inhabit- 
ants 3 extreme wickedness, malignity or impiety. 

HELL'VVARD, ado. Towards hell. Pope. 

HELL'Y, a. Having the qualities of hell. Anderson. 

HELM, a termination, denotes defense 3 as in Sighelm, vic- 
torious defense. 

HELM, n. [So-x. helma ; G. helm.'^ 1 The instrument by 
wliich a siiip is steered. 2 . Station of government 3 the 
place of direction or management. 

HELM, V. t. 1 . To steer 5 to guide 3 to direct 3 [little used.] 
Shale. 2 . To cover with a helmet. Milton. 

HELM, ) n. [Sax. helm.] 1 . Defensive armor for the 

HELM'ET, ^ head 3 a head-piece 3 a morion. 2 . The 
part of a coat of arms that bears the crest. 3 . The upper 
part of a retort. — 4 . In botany, the upper lip of a ringent 
corol . 

HELM'ET-ED 1 F^^'^ished with a helmet. 

HEL-MIN'THIG, a [Gr. iXpivs.] Expelling worms. 

HEL-MIN'THI€, n A medicine for expelling worms. 

HEL-JIIN-THO-LOGTC, ) a. Pertaining to worms or 

HEL-MIN-THO-LOG'I €AL, \ vermes. 

HEL-MIN THOL'O-GIST, n. One who is versed in the 
natural history of vermes. 

HEL-MIN-THOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. Af/tv? and Xo^o?.] The 
science or knowledge of vermes 3 the description and 
natural history of vermes. 

HELM'LESS, a. 1 . Destitute of a helmet. 2 . Without a 
helm. 

HELMSAIAN, n. The man at the helm. 

HELM'WIND, n. A wind in the mountainous parts of 
England, so called. Burn. 

HEL'OT-ISM, n. Slavery 3 the condition of the Helots^ 
slaves in Sparta. Stephens. 

HELP, V. t. a regular verb 5 the old past tense and partici- 
ple holp and holpen being obsolete. [W. helpu ; Sax. helpan, 
hylpaji.] I . To aid 3 to assist 3 to lend strength or means to- 
wards etfecting a purpose. 2 . To assist 3 to succor 3 to 
lend means of deliverance. 3 . To relieve 3 to cure, or to 
mitigate pain or disease. 4 . To remedy 3 to change for 
the better. 5 . To prevent 3 to hinder. 6. To forbear 3 to 
avoid. — To help forward^ to advance by assistance. — To 
help on, to forward 3 to promote by aid. — To help out, to 
aid in delivering from diliiculty. — To help over, to enable 
to surmount. — To help off, to remove by help. — To help to, 
to supply with 3 to furnish with. 

HELP, V. i. To lend aid 5 to contribute strength or means. — ,, 
To help out, to lend aid 3 to bring a supply. 

HELP, n. [VV. help.] 1 . Aid 5 assistance. 2 . That which 
gives assistance 3 he or that which contributes to advance 
a purpose. 3 . Remedy 3 relief. 4 . A hired man or wo- 
man 3 a servant. United States. 

HELP ER, n. 1 . One that helps, aids or assists 5 an assist- 
ant 3 an auxiliary. 2 . One tliat furnish.es or administers 
a remedy. 3 . One that supplies with any thing wanted 3 
with to. 4 . A supernumerary servant. 

HELP'FUL, a. 1. That gives aid or assistance 3 that fur- 
nishes means of promoting an object 3 useful. 2 . Whole- 
some 3 salutary. 

HELP'FTJL-NESS, n. Assistance 3 usefulness. 

IIELP'LESS, a. 1 . Without help in one’s self 3 destitute of 
the power or means to succor or relieve one’s self. 2. 
Destitute of support or assistance. 3 . Admitting no help ; 
irremediable 3 [not used.] 4 . Unsupplied 3 destitute 5 [oZ/s.] 

HELP IiE!SS-LY, Without succor. Kid. 

HELP'LESS-NESS, n. Want of strength or ability 3 in- 
ability. 

HELP !M.‘\TE, n. A companion 3 an assistant. 

HEL'TER-SKEL'TER. Cant words denoting hurry and 
confusion. [Vulgar.] 

HELVE, (helv) n. [Sax. helf.] The handle of an axe or 
hatchet. 

HELVE, (helv) v. t. To furnish with a helve, as an axe. 

HEL-VET'I€, a. [Sax. Ilwfelden.] Designating what per- 
tains to the Helvctii, or to the Swiss. 

HEL'VTN, n. A mineral of a yellowish color. 

HEM, V. [Sax. hem.] 1 . The border of a garment, doubled 
and sewed to strengthen it, and prevent the raveling of 
the threads. 2 . Edge 3 border. 3 . A particular sound of 
the human voice, expressed by the word hem. 


HEM, V. t. 1 . To form a hem or border 3 to fold and sew 
down the edge of cloth to strengthen it. 2 . To border 3 
to edge. 1 0 hem in, to inclose and confine 3 to sui^ ound : 
to environ. ’ 

HEM, V. i. [D. hemmen ] To make the sound expressed bv 
the word hem. 

HEM'A-CHATE, 71 . [Gr. at^a and ayaryg.] A species of 
agate, of a blood color. 

HEM'A-TIN, n. The coloring principle of logwood. 

HEM'A-TITE, 71 . [Gr. dipariTyg.] The name of two ores of 
iron, the red hematite, and the brown hematite. 

HEM-A-TIT'ie, a. Pertaining to hematite. 

HEXPA-TOPE, 7t. The sea-pye, a fowl. 

HEM-ER-O-BAP'TIST, n. [Gr. ypepa and jSaTrro).] One of 
a sect among the Jews who bathed ev’ery day. 

HEM'I, in composition, from the Gr. npicvg, signifies half, 
like demi and semi. 

HEM'I-€RA-NY, n. [Gr. ypiavg and Kpaviov.] A pain that 
affects only one side of the head. 

HEM^I-C Y-CLE, 71 . [Gr. ^/uncu/cAof.] A half circle. 

HE-JIIDff-TONE, n. In Greek music, the lesser third. 

HEM'I-XA, 71 . [L.j 1 . In Roman antiquity, a measure con- 
taining half a sextary. — 2 . In medicine, a measure equal to 
about ten ounces. 

HEM'I-PLE-GY, n. [Gr. ^piarvg and nXrjyr].] A palsy that 
affects one half of the body. 

HE-MIP'TER, I 71 . [Gr. ypicv and ttcoov.] An order of 

HE-MIP'TE-RA, \ insects. 

HE-MIP'TE-RAL, a. Having the upper wings half crusta- 
ceous and half membranaceous. 

HEM'I-SPHERE, n. [Gr. ypia-^aipiov.] 1 . A half sphere 3 
one half of a sphere or globe, when divided by a plane 
passing through its centre. — In astronomy, one half the 
mundane sphere. 2. A map or projectioirof half the ter- 
restrial globe. 

HEM-I-SPHER'IC, \ a. Containing half a sphere or 

HEIM-I-SPHER'I-CAL, ) globe. 

*HEMff-STICH, 71 . [Gr. >//noTt;]^iov.] Half a poetic verse, 
or a verse not completed. Drydcn. 

IIE-MIS'TI-€HAL, a. Pertaining to a hemistich 3 denoting 
a division of the verse. fVarton. 

HEM'I-TONE, 77. [Gr. ypiroviov.] A half tone in music ; 
now called a. semitone. 

HEM'I-TROPE, a. [Gr. fipiavg and Tpeno).] Half turned 3 a 
hemitrope crystal is one in which one segment is turned 
through half the circumference of a circle. 

HEM'LOC, 71 . [Sax. hemleac.] 1. A plant of the genus 
ceiiiim, whose leaves and root are poisonous. 2 . A tree 
of the genus pinus, an evergreen. 3 . A poison, an infu- 
sion or decoction of the poisonous plant. 

HEM'MEL, 71 . A shed 3 a hovel 3 a covering for cattle. 

HE-MOP'TY-SIS, ) a. [Gr. dipa and Trruenj.] A spitting of 

HE-MOP'TO-E, \ blood. 

HEXFOR-RHAGE, > 71 . [Gr. dipoppayia.] A flux of blood, 

HEM'OR-RHA-GY, ) proceeding from the rupture of a 
blood vessel, or some other cause. 

HEM'OR-RHA-GIC, a. Pertaining to a flux of blood 3 con- 
sisting in hemorrhage. 

HEM'OE-RHOIDS, n. [Gr. dipoppoig.] A discharge of 
blood from the vessels of the anus 3 the piles 3 in Scrijdure, 
emerods. 

HEM-OR-RHOID'AL, a. 1 . Pertaining to the hemorrhoids. 
2 . Consisting in a flux of blood from the vessels of the 
anus. 

HEMP, 71. [Sax. henep ; G. hanf.] ]. A fibrous plant consti- 
tuting the genus cannabis, whose skin or bark is used for 
cloth and cordage. 2 . The skin or rind of the plant, pre- 
pared for spinning. 

HEMP-AG'Rl-MO-NY, 71. A plant. 

HEMP'EN, (hemp'n) a. Made of hemp. 

HEMP'Y, fl. Like hemp. [Unusual.] Howell 

HEN, 71. [?ax. hen, hrnne.] The female of any kind of 
fowl 3 but it is particularly applied to the female of the 
domestic fowl of the gallinaceous kind. 

HEN'BANE, n. A plant, the hyoscyamus. Encyc. 

HEN'BIT, 71. A plant, the ivy-leaved speed-well. 

HEN'-COOP, 71 . A coop or cage for fowls. 

HEN'-DRTV-ER, 71 . A kind of hawk. Walton. 

HEN'-HARM, \n. A species of kite, Ains- 

HEN/-HAR-RIER, ) worth. 

HENTIEART-ED, a. Cowardly 3 timid 3 dastardly. 

HEN'HOUSE, 71 . A house or shelter for fowls. 

HENTECKED, a. Governed by the wife. Dryden. 

HEN-ROOST, 71. A place where poultry rest at night. 

HENS'FEET, n. A plant, hedge-fumitory. .Johnson. 

HENCE, (hens) arfr. [Sax. hcona.] 1 . From this place. 2 . 
From this time 3 in the future. 3 . From this cause or rea- 
son, noting a consequence, inference or deduction from 
something just before stated. 4 . From this source or orig- 
inal.— J/ence signifies from this, and from before hence is 


* Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 3— BULL, UNITE.— C as K 5 G as J 3 S as Z 5 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete, 


HER 408 HER 


not strictly correct. — Hence, as a verb, to send off, as used 
by Sidney, is improper. 

HEi.VCE'F6KTH, (liens'forth) ady. From this time forward. 

HENCE-F(3R'VV'^AkD, (liens-for'ward) adc. From this time 
forward ; henceforth. Dryden. 

t HEACHhVIAN, or | lIENCiPBOY, n. [Sax. hinc.] A page ; 
a servant. Dryden. 

fUENU, or t HEAT, v. t. [Sax. hentan.'] 1. To seize ; to 
lay hold on. 2. To crowd j to press on. 

t HEAD, or HEA'DY, a. Gentle. Chaucer. 

IIEA-DEC’A-GOA, 71. [Gr. and ywvta.] In ^eo7ne- 

try, a figure of eleven sides, and as many angles. 

IIEA-DEG-A-SYL'LA-BLE, ii. [Gr. ivScKa and cv'X\a(3rj.'] 
A men ical line of eleven syllables. 

IIEA-Di'A-i)lS, 77. [Gr.] A figure, when two nouns are 
used instead of a noun and an adjective. 

HEP, 77. [Sax. hca.p.] The fruit of wild brier, or dog-rose ; 
commonly written hip. Bacon. 

He PAR, 77. [D.hepar.] A combination of sulphur with an 
alkali. 

HE-PATTG, • i a. [I hepaticus.'] Pertaining to the 

HE-PAT'I-G-AL, \ liver. 

IlEPhV-TITE, 77. A gem or mineral ; fetid sulphate of barytes. 

HEP'A-TIZE, V. t. To impregnate with sulphureted hydro- 
gen gas. 

IIEP'A-TIZED, p/7. Impregnated or combined with siilphur- 
eted liydrogen gas. 

IIEP-A-TOS'€0-PY, 71. [Gr. 7 ;Trap and axoTrto}.] The art or 
practice of divination by inspecting the liver of animals. 

HEP'PE.V, a. [Sax. hccplic.] Neat j decent *, comfortable. 
Grose. 

HEPS, 77. The berries of the hep-tree. 

HEP-TA-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [Gr. inra, and L. capsula.] 
Having seven cells or cavities for seeds. 

riEP'TA-CHOilD, 77. [Gr. inra and A system of 

seven sounds. — In ancient poetry, verses sung or played on 
seven chords or difierent notes. 

HEP'TA-GON, 11 . [Gr. inra and yoivia.'] In geometry, a 
figure consisting of seven sides and as many angles. — In 
fortification, a place that has seven bastions for defense. 

HEP-TAG'O-NAL, a. Having seven angles or sides. 

HEP'TA-GYN, n. [Gr. inra and yovt].'] In botany, a plant 
that has seven pistils. 

HEP-TA-GYNT-AN, a. Having seven pistils. 

HEP-TA-HEX-A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. inra, and L. hexahe- 
dral.~\ Presenting seven ranges of faces one above another, 
each range containing six faces. 

HEP-TAM'E-REDE, 77. [Gr. iTTra and That which 

divides into seven parts. A. Smith. 

HEP-TAND'ER, n. [Gr. inra and avrj^.'] In botany, a 
plant having seven stamens. 

HEP-TAN DRI-AN, a. Having seven stamens. 

HEP-TAN'GU-LAR, a. [Gr. fTTra, and L. aTi^uZar.] Hav- 
ing seven angles. 

HEP-TAPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. inra and (pvWov^] Having 
seven leaves. 

HEP-TAR'€Hie, a. Denoting a sevenfold government. 

HEP'TAR-€HIST, n. A ruler of one division of a heptar- 
chy. Warton. 

HEP'TAR-€HY, n. [Gr. eVra and A government by 

seven persons, or the country governed by seven persons. 
But the word is usually applied to England, when under 
the government of seven Saxon kings. 

HEP'TA-TEu€H, 77. [Gr. inra and rev^og.] The first 
seven books of the Old Testament. [Little used.] 

HEP'-TREE, 77. The wild dog-rose, a species of rosa. 

HER, (hur) an adjective, or pronominal adjective, of the third 
person. [Sax. hire, sing, heoru.] 1. Belonging to a female. 
2. It is used before neuter nouns in personification — Her 
is also used as a pronoun or substitute for a female in the 
objective case, after a verb or preposition. 

HEli'ALD, 77. [Fr. heraut, for herault.] 1. An officer whose 
business w;is to denounce or proclaim war, to challenge to 
battle, to proclaim peace, and to bear messages from the 
commander of an army. 2. A proclaimer ; a publisher 3. 
A forerunner; a precursor; a harbinger. 4. An officer in 
Great Britain, whose business is to marshal, order and 
conduct royal cavalcades, ceremonies at coronations, 
royal marriages, installations, creations of dukes and 
other nobles, embassies, funeral processions, declarations 
of war, proclamations of peace, &c. ; also, to record and 
blazon the arms of the nobility and gentry, and to regu- 
late abuses therein. — 5. Formerly, applied by the French 
to a minstrel. 

HER'ALD, V. t. To introduce, as by a herald. 

HER' AL-DI€, or HE-RAL'DIC, a. Pertaining to heralds or 
heraldry. 

HER-ALD'RY, n. The art or office of a herald ; the art of 
recording genealogies, and blazoning arms or ensigns 
armorial. 

HER'ALD-SHIP, n. The office of a herald. Selden. 

HERB, (erb) n. [L. herba ; Fr. herhe.] 1. A plant or vegeta- 


ble with a soft or succulent stalk or stem, which dies to the 
root every year. — 2. In the Linnean botany, that part of a 
vegetable which springs from tlie root and is terminated 
by the fructification. 

HERB'-GHRIST O-PHER, 77. A plant. 

HERB-ROB'ERT, n. A plant, a species of geranium. 
HER-Ba'CEOUS, a. [L. herbaceus.] Pertaining to herbs. 
HERB' AGE, (erb'aje) n. [Fr.] 1. Herbs collectively ; 

grass ; pasture ; green food for beasts.— 2. In law, the liber- 
ty or right of pasture in the forest or grounds of another 
man. 

HERB' AGED, (erb'ajd) a. Covered with grass. Thomson, 
HERB'AL, 77. 1. A book that contains tlie names and de- 
scriptions of plants. 2. A hortus siccus, or dry garden ; 
a collection of specimens of plants, dried and preserved. 
HERB'AL, a. Pertaining to herbs. 

HERB'AL-IST, n. A person skilled in plants; one who 
makes collections of plants. 
fHERB'AR, »7. An lierb. Spenser. 

HERB'A-RIST, 77. A herbalist. [Little used.] Boyle. 
HER-Ba'RI-UM, 77. A collection of dried plants. 
HERB'A-RiZE. See Herborize. 

HERB'A-RY, n. A garden of plants. Warton. 
HERB'E-LET, 11 . A small herb. Shak. 
t HERB'ER, 77. Formerly, an arbor. See Herbary. 
HER-BES'CENT, a. [L. herbescens.] Growing into herbs. 
HERB'ID, a. [L. herbidus.] Covered with herbs. 
HEB-BIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. herba and voro.] Eating herbs; 

subsisting on lierbaceous plants. 

HERB'LESS, (erb les) a. Destitute of herbs. Warton. 
HERB'O-RIST. [See Herbalist.] Ray. 
HER-BO-RI-Za'TION, 77. 1. The act of seeking plants in 
the field ; botanical research. 2. The figure of plants in 
niinreal substances. See Arborization. 

HERB'O-RTZE, v. i. To search for plants, or to seek new 
species of plants, with a view to ascertain their charac- 
ters, and_to class them. 

HERB'O-RiZE, v. t. To figure ; to form the figures of plants 
in minerals. [See Arborize.] Fourcroy. 
HERB'O-RIZED, pp. Figured ; containing the figure of a 
plant ; as a mineral body. 

HERB'O-RiZ-ING, ppr. 1. Searching for plants. 2. Form- 
ing tlie figures of plants in minerals, 
t HEII'BOR-OUGH, n. [Germ, herberg.] Place of temporary 
residence. 

HEEB'OUS, a. [L. herbosus.] Abounding with herbs. 
HERB'TJ-LENT, a. Containing herbs. Diet. 
HERB'VVOM-AN, (erb'vvum-an) n. A woman thatsells herbs. 
HERB'Y, a. Having the nature of herbs. [L. u.] Bacon. 

* HER-€u'LE-AN, a. [from Hercules.] 1. Very great, diffi- 
cult or dangerous ; as, Herculean labor. 2. Having ex- 
traordinary strength and size. 3. Of extraordinary 
strength, force or power. 

HER'CU-LeS, 77. A constellation in the northern hemi- 
sphere, containing 113 stars. 

HER-CYN'I-AN, a. [from -^^erc?/7l7a.] Denoting an extensive 
forest in Germany. 

HERD, 77. [Sax. herd, heard.] 1. A collection or assem- 
blage ; applied to beasts, when feeding or driven together. 
2. A company of men or people, in contempt or detestation ; 
a crowd ; a rabble. 

HERD, 77. [Sax. hyrd.] A keeper of cattle ; used by Spenser, 
and still used in Scotland, but in English now seldom or 
never used, except in composition. 

HERD, V. i. 1. To unite or associate, as beasts ; to feed or 
run in collections. 2. To associate. 

HERD, V. t. To form or put into a herd. B. Jonson. 
t HERD'ESS, 77. A shepherdess. Chaucer. 
fHERD'GROOM, 77. A keeper of a herd. Spenser. 
IIERD'ING,77p?-. Associating in companies. 

HERD'MAN, ) n. 1. A keeper of herds ; one employed in 
HERDS'MAN, ^ tending herds of cattle. 2. Formerly, 
the owner of a herd. 


HERE, adv. [Goth, and Sax. her ; G., D. hier.] 1. In this 
place ; in the place where the speaker is present. 2. In 
the present life or state. 3. It is used in making an offer 
or attempt. 4. In drinking health. — It is neither here nor 
there, it is neither in this place nor in that ; neither in one 
place nor in another. — Here and there, in one place and 
another ; in a dispersed manner or condition ; thinly ; or 
irregularly. 

HeRE'A-BOUT, ) j 
HeRE'A-BOUTS, \ 

HeRE-aF'TER, adv. 1. In time to come , 
time. 2. In a future state. 

HERE-AF'TER, 77. A future state. Addison 
HERE-AT', adv. At this. 

HERE-BV', adv. By this. Watts. 

HERE-IN', adv. In this. 

HERE-IN-To', adv. Into this. Hooker. 

HERE-OF', aiZi;. Of this ; from this. Shak, 

HERE-ON', adv. On this. Brown, 

HERE-OUT', a<Z77. Out of this place. Spenser. 

HERE-TO', adv. To this ; add to this. 


About this place. Addison. 

m some future 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ^Obsolete, 


HER 


409 


HES 


HERE-TO-FoRE', adv. In times before the present j for- 
merly. 

HERE-UIV-TO', adv. To this. Hooker, 

HERE-UF-ON', adv. On this. 

HERE- WITH', adv. With this. — Most of the compounds of 
here and a preposition, are obsolete or obsolescent, or at 
least are deemed inelegant. 

HE-REH'IT-A-RLE, a. [L. hccreditas.] That may be in- 
lierited. [JVot muck ascrf.] Locke. 

HE-RED'IT-A-BLY, ado. By inheritance. Tooke, Russ. 
Encyc. 

* HER-E-DIT'A-MENT, n. [L. hcsres^ hmredium.] Any 
species of property that may be inherited. 

HE-RED'f-TA-RI-LY, adv. By inheritance; by descent 
from an ancestor. Pope. 

HE-RED'l-TA-RY, a. [Fr. h credit air e.'] 1. That has de- 

scended from an ancestor. 2. That may descend from an 
ancestor to an heir; descendible to an heir at law. 3. 
1'hat is or may be transmitted from a parent to a child. 

t IIER'E-^HT, //. A hermit. Bp. Hall. 

HER-E-MlT'i-CAL, a. Solitary ; secluded from society. 
Pope. Hee Hermitical. 

*HER'E-SI-AR€H, or HE-Re'SEARCH, n. [Gr. atpearv 
and ap^os.] A leader in heresy ; the chief of a sect of 
heretics. 


HER'E-SI-AR-€HY, n. Chief heresy. 

HER'E-SY, V. [Gr. aipeais ; L. lueresis.] 1. A fundamental 
error in religion, or an error of opinion respecting some 
fundamental doctrine of religion. But in countries where 
there is an established church, an opinion is deemed her- 
esy, wlien it differs from that of the church. — In Scripture, 
and primitive usage, heresy meant merely sect, party, or 
tile doctrines of a sect, as we now use denomination, or 
persuasion, implying no reproach. — 2. Heresy, in law, is an 
offense against Christianity, consisting in a denial of some 
of its essential doctrines, publicly avowed and obstinately 
maintained. 3. An untenable or unsound opinion or doc- 
trine in politics. Swift. 

HER'E-TIC, n. [Gr. aipcriKos.] 1. A person under any re- 
ligion, but particularly the Christian, who holds and 
teaches opinions repugnant to the established faith, or 
that which is made tlie standard of orthodo.xy. 2. Any 
one who maintains erroneous opinions. Shak. 

HE-RET'I-GAL, a. Containing heresy ; contrary to the 
establish'^d faith, or to the true faith. 

HE-RET'I-CAL-LY, adv. In an heretical manner; with 
lieresy. 

HER'E-TOG, > n. [Sax. heretoga.] Among our Saxon an- 

HER'E-TOGII, I cestors, the leader or commander of an 


army. 

HER'1-OT, n. [Sax. heregeat.] In English laic, a tribute or 
fine payable to tne lord of the fee on the decease of the 
owner, landholder, or vassal. 

TIER'I-OT-A-BLE, a. Subject to the payment of a heriot. 

HER'IS-SON, n. [Fr.] In fortification, a beam or bar 
armed with iron spikes. 

HER'I-TA-BLE, a. 1. Capable of inheriting, or taking by 
descent. 2. That may be inherited. 3. Annexed to estates 
of inheritance. 

HER'I-TAGE, n. [Fr.] 1. Inheritance ; an estate that passes 
from an ancestor to an heir by descent or course of law ; 
that which is inherited. — 2. In Scripture, the saints or 
people of God. 

HER-MAPH-RO-De'I-TY, n. Hermaphrodism. 

HER-MAPH'RO-DISM, n. The union of the two sexes in 
the same individual. 


HER-MAPH'RO-DITE, n. [Fr. ; Gr. lppa<ppo6iToq.] 1. A 
human being, having the parts of generation both of male 
and female. — 2. In botany, a flower that contains both the 
anther and the stigma. 3. A plant that has only hermaph- 
rodite flowers. 

HER-MAPH'RO-DITE, a. Designating both sexes in the 
same animal, flower or plant. 

HER-M APH-RO-DIT'I-€AL, j ^ ^Haking of boili sexes. 

HER-MAPH-RO-DIT'I-€AL-LY, ado. After the manner 
of hermaphrodites. 

IIER-ME-NEu'TIC, )a. [Gr. tppyvevTiKO^.] Interpret- 

HER-ME-NEU'TI-GAL, ) ing ; explaining ; unfolding the 
signification. 


IIER-ME-NEU'TI-GAL-LY, adv. According to the true art 
of interpreting words. J\I. Stuai-t. 

HER-ME-NEU'TIGS, n. The art of finding the meaning of an 
author’s words and phrases, and of explaining it toothers. 
HER-METBC, I a. [Fr. hermetique.] 1 . Designating 
HER-MET'I-CAL, | chemistry ; chemical. 2. Designat- 
ing that species of philosophy which pretends to solve 
and explain all the phenomena of nature from the three 
chemical principles, salt, sulpliur and mercury. 3. Desig- 
nating the system which explains the causes of diseases 
an<l the operations of medicine, on the principles of the 
hcrmetical philosophy. 4. Perfectly close, so tliat no air 


can escape. 


HER-MET'I-CAL-LY, adv. According to the hermetic art 
chemically ; closely ; accurately. 

HER'M11,7i. [Fr. hermitc.] 1. A person who retires from 
society and lives in solitude ; a recluse ; an anchoret. 2. 
A beadsman ; one bound to pray for another. 

HER'MI-TAGE, n. 1. The habitation of a hermit. 2. A cell 
in a recluse place, but annexed to an abbey. 3. A kind 
of wine. 

HER'Ml-PA-RY, n. A cell for the religious annexed to 
some abbey. 

HER'MI-TESS, n. A female hermit. Drummond. 

HER-MIT'I-GAL, a. 1. Pertaining to a hermit, or to re- 
tired life. 2. Suited to a hermit. 


HER-MO-DAG'TYL, n. [Gr. epnys and ^a«ruXoj.] In ma- 
teria medica, a root brought from Turkey. Encyc. 

HER-MO-Ge'NI-ANS, 11 . A sect of ancient heretics. 

HERN, n. A heron, which see. 

HERN'HILL, n. A plant. 

HERN'I-A, n. [L.] In surgery, a rupture ; a descent of the 
intestines or omentum from their natural place. 

f HERN'SIIAW, 71. Aileron. Spenser. 

He'RO, 71. [L. heros.] 1. A man of distinguished v’alor, in- 
trepidity or enterprise in danger. 2. A great, illustrious 
or extraordinary person. — 3. In a poem, or romance, the 
principal personage, or the person who has the principal 
share in the transactions related. — 4. In pagan mythology, 
a hero was an illustrious person, su]iposed after his death 
to be placed among the gods. 

HE-RO'DI-ANS, 71. A sect among the Jews. 

HE-Ro'IG, a. Pertaining to a hero or heroes. 2. Becom- 
ing a hero ; bold ; daring ; illustrious. 3. Brave ; intrepid ; 
magnanimous ; enter[)rising ; illustrious for valor. 4. 
Productive of heroes. 5. Reciting the achievements of 
heroes. C. Used in heroic poetry or hexameter. — Heroic 
age, the age when the heroes, or tliose called the children 
of the gods, are supposed to have lived. 

HE-Ro'f-GAL, a. 1’he same as heroic. [Little used.] 

HE-Rd'I-GAL-LY, adv. In the manner of a hero; with 
valor ; bravely ; courageously ; intrepidly. 

HE-RO-I-GOM'IU, ) a. Consisting of the heroic and 

HE-RO-I-€OM'I-€AL, ) the ludicrous ; denoting the high 
burlesque. 

* HER'O-INE, (her'o-in) n. [Fr. heroine.] A female hero ; a 
woman of a brave spirit. [Heroess is not in use.] 

* HER'0-I.‘?M, 71. [Fr. heroisme.] The qualities of a hero ; 
bravery ; courage ; intrepidity. 

HER'ON, 77. [Fr.] A large fowl that devours fish. 

HER'ON-RY, ) 71. A place where herons breed. Der- 

HER'ON-SHAW, \ ham. 

He'RO-SHIP, 71. The character of a hero. Coicper. 

HER'PES, 71. [Gr. ipnyg.] Tetters; an eruption on the 
skin ; erysipelas; ringworm, &c. 


HER-PET'IG, a. Pertaining to the herpes or cutaneous 
eruptions ; resembling the herpes. 

HER-PET-O-LOG'iS'AL, I Pertaining to herpetology. 

HER-PE-TOL'O-GTST, 71. A person versed in herpetology, 
or the natural history of reptiles. 


HER-PE-TOL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. tpuerog.] A description of 
reptiles ; the natural history of reptiles. 

HER'PLE, or HiR'PLE, v. i. To limp in walking ; to go 
lame. 

HER'RING, 71. [Sax. haring.] A small sea fish. 

HER'RING-FISH'ER-Y, n. The fishing for herrings. 

HERRN-HUT'ER, n. [from the German huth des herrn, the 
assumed name of the habitation of the original Hei’i'nhut- 
One of a sect, established by Nicholas Lewis, count 
of Zinzendorf, called also Moravians. 

HERS, (liurz) pron. fern, possessive ; as, this house is hers, 
that is, this is the house of her. 

HER'SCHEL, (her'shel) n. A planet discovered hy Dr. Her- 
schel, in 1781. 

HERSE, (hers) n. [Fr. herse.] 1. In fortifieation, VL\nii\ce 
or portcullis, in the form of a harrow, set with iron spikes. 
2. A carriage for bearing corpses to the grave. 3. A tem- 
porary monument set over a grave. 4. A funeral eulogy ; 
[not used.] 

HERSE, (hers) v. t. 1. To put on or in a herse. Shak. 2. 
To carry to tJie grave. 

HER-SELF', pron. [her and self.] 1. This denotes a fe- 
male, the subject of discourse before mentioned, and is 
either in the nominative or objective case. 2. Having 
the command of herself ; mistress of her rational powers, 
judgment or temper. 3. In her true character. 

HERSE'LiKE, (hers'llke) a. Funereal; suitable to funerals. 


Bacon. 


HERS'IL-LON, n. In the military art, a plank or beam. 
HERST, or HEURST. The same with hyrst. 
t HER'Y, V. t. [Sax. herian.] To regard as holy. 
HES'1-TAN-CY, n. A doubting ; a pausing to consider ; 
dubiousness ; suspense. 

HES'I-TANT, a. Hesitating; pausing; wanting volubility 

Ojf sp00cil« 

HES'I-TATE, V. i. [L. hasito.] 1. To stop or pause 


* See Synop is. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJ LL, UNITE. — € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


HEX 


410 HIE 


respecting decision or action ; to be doubtful as to fact, prin- 
ciple or determination j to be in suspense. 2. To stam- 
mer ; to stop in speaking. 

HES'I-TA-TlNG,ppr. Doubting j pausing; stammering. 

HES'I-TA-TING-LY, adv. With hesitation or doubt. 

HES-I-Ta'TION, n. 1. A pausing or delay in forming an 
opinion or commencing action ; doubt. 2. A stopping in 
speech ; intermission between words ; stammering. 

f HEST, n. [Sax. luBse.^ Command ; precept ; injunction ; 
order^ 

HES-Pe'RI-AN, a. [L. hesperius.'] Western ; situated at 
the wjest. 

HES-Pe'RI-AN, n. An inhabitant of a western country. 

HES'TERN. See Yestei.n. 

HET'E-RAR-€HY, n. [Gr. irspof and govern- 

ment of an alien. Bp. Hall. 

*HET'E-RO-€LITE, 71. [Gr. iTepoK\iTOv 1 1. In grammar, 
a word which is irregular or anomalous. 2. Any thing 
or person deviating from common forms. 

HET'E-RO-CLITE, ) a. Irregular ; anomalous ; devi- 

HET-E-RO-€LIT'l€, [ ating from ordinary forms or 

HET-E-RO-€LlT'I-CAL, > rules. 

t HtlT-E-ROC'LI-TOUS, a. Heteroclitic. 

HET'E-RO-DOX, a. [Gr. irepog and So^a.] 1. In theology, 
heretical ; contrary to the faith and doctrines of the true 
church. 2. Repugnant to the doctrines or tenets of any 
established church. 3. Holding opinions repugnant to 
the doctrines of the Scriptures, or contrary to those of an 
established church. 

t HET'E-RO-UOX, ?i. An opinion peculiar. 

HET'E-RO-DOX-Y, ?/. Heresy ; an opinion or doctrine 
contrary to the doctrines of the Scriptures, or contrary to 
those of an established church. 

t HET'E-RO-GENE, a. See the next word. 

* HET-E-RO-Ge'NE-AL, or * HET-E-RO-Ge'NE-OUS, a. 
[Gr. irepog and yevog.] Of a different kind or nature ; un- 
like or dissimilar_in kind. 

HET-E-RO-GE-NE'T-TY, 71. 1. Opposition of nature; con- 
trariety or dissimilitude of qualities ; [ill formed.] 2. 
Dissimilar part ; something of a different kind. 
HET-E-RO-GE'NE-OUS-NESS, 71. Difference of nature 
and quality ; dissimilitude or contrariety in kind. 

HET-E-ROPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. ircpog and (pvWov.] 
Producing a diversity of leaves. 

HET-E-R0P'T1€S, 71. False optics. Spectator. 

HET-E-ROS'CTAN, 71. [Gr. ircpog and cKia.] Those inhab- 
itants of the earth are called Heteroscians, whose shadows 
fall one way only. Such are those who live between the 
tropics and the polar circles. 

HET-E-ROS'CI AN, a. Having the shadow fall one way 
only. Gregory. 

HET'TER, rt. Eager; earnest; keen. Grose. 

HEO'LAN-DITE, a. A mineral. 

HEWjV. t.; pret. hewed ; pp. hewed, or hewn. [Sax. heawian.] 
1. To cut with an axe, or other like instrument, for the 
purpose of making an even surface or side. 2. To chop *, 
to cut ; to hack. 3. To cut with a chisel ; to make smooth. 

4. To form or shape with an edged instrument ; with out. 

5. To form laboriously. 

HEW, 71. 1. Destruction by cutting down. Spenser. 2. 
Color. See Hue. 

HEWED, pp. Cut and made smooth or even ; chopped ; 
hacked ; shaped by cutting, or by a chisel* 

HEW'ER, 71. One who hews wood or stone. 

HEW'ING, ppr. Cutting and making smooth or even ; chop- 
ping ; hacking ; forming by the chisel. 

HEWN, pp. The same as hewed. 

HEX'A-CHORD, n. [Gr. and In ancient music, 

an imperfect chord called a sixth; also, an instrument of 
six chords. 

HEX-A-DAC'TY-LOUS, a. [Gr. and SaKruXog.] Having 
six fingers or toes. 

HEX'ADE, 71. [Gr. A series of six numbers. 

HEX'A-GON, 71. [Gr. and yoivta.] In geometry, a figure 
of six sides and six angles. 

HEX-AG'O-NAL, a. Having six sides and six angles. 

HEX-AG'O-NY, for hexagon, is not used. 

HEX'A-GYN, 71. [Gr. i| and ywy.] In botany, a plant that 
has six pistils. 

HEX-A-GYN'I-AN, a. Having six pistils. 

HEX-A-He'DRAL, a. Of the figure of a hexahedron ; hav- 
ing six equal sides. 

HEX-A-He'DRON, 71. [Gr. and £(5pa.] A regular solid 
body of six sides ; a cube. 

HEX-A-HEM'E-RON, n. [Gr. and i?/i£pa.] The term of 
six days. Good. 

HEX-AM'E-TER, n. [Gr. and perpov.] In ancient poetry, 
a verse of six feet. 

HEX-AM'E-TER, a. Having six metrical feet. 

HEX-A-MET'RI€, \ a. Consisting of six metrical feet. 

HEX-A-xMET'lU-CAL, \ Warton. 


HEX-AN'DER, n. [Gr. and avnp.] In botany, a plant 
having six stamens. 

HEX-AN'DRI-AN, a. Having six stamens. 

HEX-AN'GU-LAR, a. [Gr. and angular.] Having six 
angles or corners. 

HEX'A-PED, a. [Gr. and ttouj.] Having six feet. 

HEX'A-PED, 71. 1. An animal having six feet. [Johnson 
writes this hexapod.] 2. A fathom ; [oi>5.] 

HEX-A-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. and TrtraXov.] Having 
six petals or flower-leaves. 

HEX-APH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. and (pvWov.] Having six 
leaves. 

HEX'A-PLAR, a. [Gr. and aTrXow.] Sextuple ; contain- 
ing six columns. 

HEX'A-STICH, n. [Gr. and ^^i^og.] A poem consisting 
of six verses. 

HEX'A-STYLE, 71. [Gr. and oruXo?.] A building with 
six columns in front. Encyc. 

IIEY. An exchamation of joy or mutual exhortation. 

HEY'DaY, exclam. An expression of frolick and exulta- 
tion, and sometimes of wonder. Shak. 

HEY'DaY, n. A frolick ; wildness. Shak. 

f HEY-DE GUy', 71. [perhaps from heyday and guise.] A 
kind of dance ; a country dance or round. Spenser. 

t HI-a'TION, 71. [L. /iio.] 3 he act of gaping. 

HI-a'TUS, 71. [L.] 1. An opening; an aperture ; a gap ; 

a chasm. 2. The opening of the mouth in reading or 
speaking. 3. A defect ; a chasm in a manuscript, where 
some part is lost or effaced. 

Hi'BER-N A-CLE, ?i. [L. hibernacula.] 1. In botany, the 
winter-quarters of a plant. 2. The wmter-lodge of a wild 
animal. 

HI-BERN'AL, a. [L. hibernus.] Belonging to winter. 

HI'BER-NATE, v. i. [L. hibemo.] To winter ; to pass 
the season of winter in close quarters or in seclusion. 
Darwin. 

H1-BER-Na'TION, 71. The passing of winter in a close 
lodge, as beasts and fowls. Darwin. 

HI-BER'NI-AN, a. Pertaining to Hibernia, now Ireland. 

HI-BER'NI-AN, n. A native of Ireland. 

HI-BERN'I-CISM, n. An idiom or mode of speech peculiar 
to the Irish. 

HI-BER'NO-CEL'TI€, n. The native language of the 
Irish : the Gaelic. 

HIC'CIUS DOC'CIUS. [qu. hie est doctus.] A cant word 
for a juggler. Hudibras. 

* HIC'COUGH, or HICK'UP, n. [Dan. hik, or hikken.] A 
spasmodic aflection of the stomach, esophagus, and mus- 
cles subservient to deglutition. 

HI€'€OUGH, or HIGK'UP, v. i. To have a spasmodic af- 
fection of the stomach from repletion or other cause. 

HICK'O-RY, 71. A tree, a species of juglans or walnut. 

HIGK'W^ALL, I n. [qu. hitchwall.] A small species of 

HIGK'WAY, ^ woodpecker. 

HID, or HID'DEN, pp. of hide. 1. Concealed ; placed in se- 
crecy. 2. a. Secret ; unseen. 3. Mysterious. 

HID'AOE, 71. An extraordinary tax formerly paid to the 
kings of England for every hide of land. 

HI-DAL'GO, 71. In Spain, a man of noble birth. 

HID'DEN-LY, adv. In a hidden or secret manner. 

HIDE, V. t.; pret. hid : pp. hid, hidden. [Sax. hydan.] 1. To 
conceal ; to withhold or withdraw from sight. 2. To 
conceal from knowledge ; to keep secret. — 3. In Scrip- 
ture, not to confess or disclose ; or to excuse and extenu- 
ate. 4. To protect ; to keep in safety. 

HIDE, V. i. To lie concealed ; to keep one’s self out of 
view ; to be Avithdrawn from sight. — Hide and seek, a play 
of boys, in which some hide themselves and another seeks 
them. 

Hide, 71. In the ancient laws of England, a certain por- 
tion of land. 

HIDE, 71. [Sax. hyd, hyde.] 1. The skin of an animal. 2. 
The human skin, in contempt. 

HIDE'BCUND, a. 1. A horse is hideboxind, when his skin 
sticks closely to his ribs and back. 2. Harsh; untracta- 
ble ; [not used.] 3. Niggardly ; penurious ; [065.] 

* HID'E-OUS, a. [Fr. hideux.] 1 Frightful to the sight ; 
dreadful ; shocking to the eye. 2. Shocking to the ear ; 
exciting terror. 3. Detestable. 

* HID'E-OUS-LY, adv. In a manner to frighten ; dreadfully ; 
shockingly. 

* HID'E-OUS-NESS, 71. Frightfulness to the eye ; dreadful- 
ness ; horribleness. 

HTD'ER, n. One who hides or conceals. 

HTD'ING, ppr. Concealing ; covering or Avithdrawing from 
vicAv ; keeping close or secret. 

HID'ING, 71. 1. Concealment. 2. WithdraAAmient ; a Avith- 
holding. j\Iilner. 

HID'ING-PLACE, n. A place of concealment. 

HlE, V. i. [Sax. higan, kigian.] 1. To hasten ; to moA'eof 
run Avith haste ; to go in haste. 2. With the reciprocal 
pronoun. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, V, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


HIG 


411 


t HIE, n. Haste j diligence. Chaucer. 

HI'E-RAREH, n. [Gr. Upog and ap;^oj.] The chief of a sa- 
cred order ; particularly, tlie chief of an order of angels. 

HI-E-RARCH'AL, a. Belonging to a hierarch. Miltcn. 

HI-E-RAR€H'1-CAL, a. Belonging to a sacred order, or to 
ecclesiastical government. 

HI'E-R AR-€H Y, ji. 1. An order or rank of angels or ce- 
lestial beings ; or a subordination of holy beings. 2. 
Constitution and government of the Christian church, or 
ecclesiastical polity, comprehending different orders of 
clergy. 

HT'E-RO-GLYPH, ) n. [Gr. lepoj and yXu0w.] 1. Inaw- 

HI-E-RO-GLYPH'I€, | tiqidty, a sacred character ; a mys- 
tical character or symbol, used in writings and inscrip- 
tions, particularly by the Egyptians, as signs of sacred, 
divine or supernatural things. 2. Pictures intended to 
express historical facts. 3. The art of writing in picture. 

III-E-RO-GLYPH'I€, ^ a. Emblematic; expressive of 

III-E-RO-GLYPH^i-CAL, ) some meaning by characters, 
pictures or figures. 

Hl-E-RO-GLYPH'I-€AL-LY, adv. Emblematically. 

HI'E-RO-GRAM, n. [Gr. lepoj and ypappa.] A species of 
sacred writing. 

HI-E-RO-GRAM-MAT/IG, a. [Gr. icpo? and ypappa.] De- 
noting a kind of writing in sacred or sacerdotal charac- 
ters. ^ 

HI-E-RO-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. A writer of hieroglyphics. 

HI-E-RO-GRAPH'I€, ) a. Pertaining to sacred writ- 

HI-E-RO-GRAPIPI-GAL, \ ing. 

Hl-E-ROG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. Upos and ypa^co.] Sacred 
writing. [Little used.] 

HI-E-ROL'O-GY, n. [Gr. and Xoyoj.] A discourse on 
sacred things. 

HPE-RO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. Icpog and pavreia.] Divination 
by observing the various things offered in sacrifice. 

III-E-ROM'NE-MON, 7t. [Gr. lepos and p.vr]pu)v.] In ancient 
Greece, a magistrate who presided over the sacred rites 
and solemnities, &c. Mitford. 

* HI'E-RO-PH ANT, or HI-ER'O-PHANT, n. [Gr. i€po<pav- 
Ttjg.] A priest ; one who teaches the mysteries and duties 
of religion. 

HIG'GLE, V. i. 1. To carry provisions about and offer them 
for sale. 2. To chaffer ; to be difficult in making a bar- 
gain. 

IIIG^GLE-DY-PIG'GLE-DY, adv. In confusion ; a low 
word. 

HIG'GLER, n. 1. One who carries about provisions for 
sale. 2. One who chaffers in bargaining. 

HIGH, (hi) a. [Sax. heah, hig, heh, or hih.] 1. Extending 
a great distance above the surface of the eartli ; elevated ; 
lofty ; of great altitude. 2. Rising, or having risen, or 
being far above the earth ; elevated ; lofty. 3. Elevat- 
ed above the horizon. 4. Raised above any object. 5. 
Exalted in nature or dignity. 6. Elevated in rank, condi- 
tion or office. 7. Possessing or governed by honorable 
pride ; noble ; exalted ; magnanimous ; dignified. 8. Ex- 
alted in excellence or extent. 9. Difficult ; abstruse. 10. 
Boastful ; ostentatious. 11. Arrogant ; proud ; lofty ; 
loud. 12. Loud ; boisterous ; threatening or angry. 13. 
Violent ; severe ; oppressive. 14. Public ; powerful ; tri- 
umphant ; glorious. 15. Noble ; illustrious ; honorable. 
16. Expressive of pride and haughtiness. 17. Powerful ; 
mighty. 18. Possessed of supreme power, dominion or 
excellence. 19. Great; important; solemn; held in ven- 
eration. 20. Violent; rushing with velocity ; tempestu- 
ous. 21. Tumultuous; turbulent; inflamed; violent. 
22. Full ; complete. 23. Raised ; accompanied by, or 
proceeding from, great excitement of the feelings. 24. 
Rich ; luxurious ; well seasoned. 25. Strong ; vivid ; 
deep. 26. Dear ; of a great price. 27. Remote from the 
equator north or south. 28. Remote in past time; early 
in former time. 29. Extreme ; intense. 30. Loud. — 31. 
In music, acute ; sharp. 32. Much raised. 33. Far ad- 
vanced in art or science. 34. Great ; capital ; committed 
against the king, sovereign or state. 35. Great; exalt- 
ed. — High day, high noon, the time when the sun is in the 
meridian. 

HIGH, adv. 1. Aloft ; to a great altitude. 2. Eminently ; 
greatly. 3. With deep thought ; profoundly. 4. Power- 
fully. 

High, n. 1. An elevated place ; superior region. — On high, 
aloud ; [o6s.] 2. Aloft. 

HIGH, v.i. To hasten. See Hie. 

HIGH'-aIMED, a. Having grand or lofty designs. 

HTGIP-ARCHED, a. Having elevated arches. May. 

HIGH'-AS-PIRHNG, a. Having elevated views ; aiming 
at elevated objects. Bp. Hall. 

HTGIP-BLEST, a. Supremely happy. Milton. 

IIlGH'-BLoWN, a. Swelled much with wind ; inflated. 

HTGIP-BORN, a. Being of noble birth or extraction. 

HIGH'-BUILT, a. 1. Of lofty structure. Milton. 2. Cov- 
ered with lofty buildings. Creech. 


HIG 


nivxn'-Ti/ijiiViu-ljNU, a. ; 

Difficult to be ascended. .inivLua. 

HIGH'-€6L-ORED, a. 1. Having a strong, deep or glaf- 
tkfn y strong or forcible in representa- 


yiimDing 10 a great height. 
Milton. 


mrH/''DF s’rrkqNp’ ^"fi«’"g^holyday. Shak. 

HI(jrH'-*DL-SlGN'lNG, a. lorming great schemes 

HIGH'-EM-BOWED, a. Having lofty arches. Tii(on 

HIGH'-EN-GEN'DEKED, a. Engendered aloft, Tin the 
air. Shak. 

HlGIP-FED, a. Pampered ; fed luxuriously. Milton. 

HiGH'-FLa-MING, a. Throwing flame to a great height. 

HlGH'-FLi-ER, n. One that carries his opinions to extrav- 
agance. Sjoift. 

HiGH'-FLoWN, a. 1. Elevated; swelled; proud. 2. 
Turgid; swelled; extravagant. L^Estrange. 

HlGH'-FLUSHED, a. Much elated. Young. 

HIGH'-FLY-ING, a. Extravagant in claims or opinions. 

HIGIP-Ga-ZING, a. Looking upwards. More. 

HIGH'-Go-ING, a. Moving rapidly. Massengcr. 

HiGH'-GRoWN, a. Having the crop considerably grown. 

HiGIP-HeAPED, a. 1. Covered with higli piles. Pope. 2. 
Raised in high piles. Pope. 

HiGH'-HEART-ED, a. Full of courage. Beaumont. 

niGH'-HEELED, a. Having high heels. Swift. 

HlGH'-HUNG, a. Hung aloft ; elevated. Dryden. 

HlGH^-LlVED, a. Pertaining to high life. Goldsmith. 

HiGIP-MET-TLED, a. Having high spirit ; ardent. 

HiGH'-MiND-ED, a. 1. Proud ; arrogant. 2. Having hon- 
orable pride ; magnanimous ; opposed to mean. 

HIGH'-OP-ER-a'TION, n. In surgery, a method of extract- 
ing the stone from the human bladder, by cutting the up- 
per part of it. 

HiGH'-PLACE, n. In Scripture, an eminence or mound on 
which sacrifices were oftered. 

HiGH'-PLaCED, a. Elevated in situation or rank. 

HiGH’-PRIeST, n. A chief priest. Scripture. 

HiGH'-PRIN-CI-PLED, a. Extravagant in notions of poli- 
tics. Swift. 

HIGH'-RaISED, a. 1. Elevated ; raised aloft. 2. Raised 
with great expectations or conceptions. Milton. 


HIGH'-ReACH-ING, a. 1. Reaching to a great height. 2. 
Reaching upwards. 3. Ambitious ; aspiring. 

HIGH'-ReARED, a. Raised high ; of lofty structure. 

HiGH'-RED, a. Having a strong red color ; deeply red. 

HiGH'-RE-PENT'ED, a. Deeply repented. Shak. 

HiGH'-RE-SOLVED, a. Very resolute. 7ht. Jindron. 

HlGH^-ROOFED, a. Having a lofty or sharp roof. 

HiGH'-SeA-SONED, a. Enriched with spices or other sea- 
soning. 

HIGH'-SeAT-ED, a. Fixed on high ; seated in an elevated 
place. Milton. 

HiGIP-SiGHT-ED, a. Always looking upward. 

HlGH'-SOUND-ING, a. Pompous ; noisy ; ostentatious. 

HiGH'-SPIR-IT-ED, a. 1. Full of spirit or natural fire ; 
easily irritated ; irascible. 2. Full of spirit ; bold ; dar- 
mg. 

HlGH'-ST6M-A€HED, a. Having a lofty spirit ; proud j 
obstinate. Shak. 

HIGH'-SWELL-ING, a. Swelling greatly ; inflated ; boast- 
ful. 

HIGH'-SWoLN, a. Greatly swelled. Shak. 

HIGH'-Ta-PER, n. A plant of the genus verbascum. 

HIGH'-TaST-ED, a. Having a strong relish ; piquant. 

HIGIP-TOWERED, a. Having lofty towers. Milton. 

HIGH'- VICED, a. Enormously wicked. Shak. 

HIGH'-WROUGHT, a. 1. Wrought with exquisite art or 
skill ; accurately finished. Pope. 2. Inflamed to a high 
degree. 

HIGH'LAND, n. Elevated land ; a mountainous region. 

HIGH'LAND-ER, n. An inhabitant of the mountains. 

HiGH'LAND-ISH, a. Denoting high or mountainous land. 

HIGIPLY, (hi'ly) adv. 1. With elevation in place. 2. In a 
great degree. 3. Proudly ; arrogantly ; ambitiously. 4. 
With elevation of mind or opinion ; with great estima- 
tion. 

fHlGH'MoST, a. Highest. Shak. 

HIGIPNESS, (hl'nes) n. 1. Ele\^ation above the surface ; 
loftiness ; altitude ; height. 2. Dignity ; elevation in 
rank, character or power. 3. Excellence ; value. Howell. 
4. Violence. 5. Great amount. 6. Acuteness. 7. In- 
tenseness, as of heat. 8. A title of honor given to princes 
or other men of rank. 

HIGHTH, ) n. [See Height.] Elevation; altitude; lofti- 

HIGHT, ) ness. 

jHiGHT, to call, to promise, to command, «fcc., is a false 
orthography from Saxon hatan. Chaucer. 

HIGH WA-TER, n. The utmost flow or greatest elevation 
of the tide ; also, the time of such elevation. 

HIGH'WA-TER-MARK, n. The line made on the shore by 
the tide at its utmost height. 

HIGH-WaY', n. 1. A public road ; a way open to all pas- 
sengers. 2. Course ; road ; train of action. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE;— BULL, UNITE.— €as K; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


HIN 


412 


HIS 


HIGH-WAY'M AN, n. One who robs on the public road, or 
lurks in the highway for the purpose of robbing. 

HIG'LA-PER, n. An herb. Ainsworth. 

fHlL'A-RATE. See Exhilarate. 

HI-LAR'I-TY, n.[h. hilaritas.] Mirth ; merriment ; gaye- 
ty. — Hilarity differs from ju?/ ; the latter, excited by good 
news or prosperity, is an affection of the mind ; the form- 
er, by social pleasure, drinking, &c., which rouse the an- 
imal spirits. 

HIL'A-RY-TERM, n. The term of courts, &c. which be- 
gins January *23. England. 

HILD [G. and D. held, Dan. hcldt, a hero] is retained in 
names ; as, Hildebert, a briglit hero. 

fHILD'ING, n. [qu. Sax. hyldan.] A mean, sorry, paltry 
man or woman. Shale. 

HILL, n. [Sax. hill, or hyl.] 1. A natural elevation of land, 
or a mass of earth rising above the common level of the 
surrounding land ; an eminence. 2. A cluster of plants, 
and the earth raised about them ; as, a hill of maize. 
U. States. 

HILL, V . t. 1. To raise earth about plants ; to raise a little 
mass of earth. Farmers in JN'eio England hill their maize 
in July. 2. [Sax. helan.'] To cover j [o 6 s.] 

HILLED, yp. or a. Having hills. 

HILL'ING, n. 1. A covering ; [oft?.] 2. The act of raising 
the earth around plants. 

HILL'fJG, n. A small hill. Milton. 

HILL'SIDE, n. The side or declivity of a hill. 

HILL'Y, a. Abounding with hills ; tas, a hilly country. 

HILT, n. [Sax. hilt.'] The handle of any thing. 

HILT'ED, a. Having a hilt. 

HFLUM, 71. [L. ; W. hil.] The e}'^e of a bean or other 
seed. 

HIM, pron. The objective case of he. [L. eum.] 

HIM-SELF^ pron. In the nominative or objective case. 1. 

He ; but himself is more emphatical, or more expressive 
of distinct personality, than he. 2. VYhen himself is add- 
ed to he, or to a noun, it expresses discrimination of per- 
son with particular emphasis. 3. When used as the re- 
ciprocal pronoun, it is not usually emphatical. 4. It was 
formerly used as a substitute for neuter nouns. 5. Him- 
self is used to express the proper character, or natural 
temper and disposition of a person ; as, let him act him- 
self. — By himself, alone ; unaccompanied j sequestered. 

HIN, n. [Heb. ]n.] A Hebrew measure of capacity contain- 
ing the sixth part of an ephah, or about five quarts, English 
measure. 

HIND, 71. [Sax., G., D. hinde.] The female of the red deer 
or stag. 

HIND, 77 . [Sax. hinc.] 1. A domestic ; a servant ; [ 065 .] 
Shak. 2. A peasant j a rustic j ora husbandman’s servant. 
English. 

HIND, a. [Sax. hyndan.] Backward ; pertaining to the part 
which follows ; in opposition to the /ore part ; as, the hind 
legs of a quadruped. 

HIND'BER-RY, n. A species of rubus. 

HIND'ER, a. ; comp, of hind. That is in a position contra- 
ry to that of the head or fore part. 

HIN'DER, V . t. [Sax. henan, hynan, hindrian.] 1. To stop; 
to interrupt ; to obstruct ; to impede or prevent from mov- 
ing forward by any means. 2. To retard ; to check in 
progression or motion ; to obstruct for a time, or to render 
slow in motion. 3. To prevent. 

IITN'DER, V . i . To interpose obstacles or impediments. 

HIN'DER-ANCE, n. 1. The act of impeding or restraining 
motion. 2. Impediment; that which stops progression or 
advance ; obstruction. 

HIN'DERED, pp. Stopped ; impeded ; obstructed ; retarded. 

HIND'ER-ENDS, n. Refuse of corn, such as remains after 
it is winnowed. JSTorth of England. 

HIN'DER-ER, n. One who stops or retards ; that which 
hinders. 

HIN'DER-ING, ppr. Stopping ; impeding ; retarding. 

HIND'ER-LING, n. A paltry, worthless, degenerate ani- 
mal. 

HIND'ER-MoST, a. That which is behind all others; the 
last. [Rut we now use hindmost.] 

HTND'MoST, a. The last ; that is-in the rear of all others. 

IHN'DOO, 77. An aboriginal of Hindostan. 

HINGE, (hinj) n. 1. The hook or joint on which a door or 
gate turns. 2. That on which any thing depends or turns. 
3. A cardinal point, as east, west, north or south ; [little 
used.] — To be off the hinges, is to be in a state of disorder 
or irregularity. Tillotson. 

HINGE, V . t. 1. To furnish with hinges. 2. To bend ; [/.«.] 

HINGE, V . i . To stand, depend or turn, as on a hinge. 

HINGE, a. Active ; supple ; pliant. Cheshire Qloss. 

HING'ING, ppr. Depending ; turning. 

t HIN'NY^^^^ I neigh. B. Jonson. 

HINT, V . t. [It. cenno.] To bring to mind by a slight men- 
tion or remote allusion ; to allude to ; to suggest. 

HINT, V . i. To hint at, is to allude to ; to mention slightly. 


HINT, n. 1. A distant allusion ; slight mention ; intima- 
tion ; insinuation. 2. Suggestion. 

HIP, 71. [S: js. hipc, hype, hypp.] The projecting part of an 
animal, formed by the os ilium, or haunch bone; the 
haunch; the joint of the thigh. — To have on the hip, to 
have the advantage over one. — Hip and thigh, complete 
overthrow or defeat. .Judges, xv. 

HIP, V . t . To sprain or dislocate the hip. 

HfP, or HOP, 77 . The fruit of the dog-rose, or wild brier. 

HIP, HIPPED, HIP'PISH. See Htp. 

HIPE, V . i. To push with the head. Grose. 

t HIP'HALT, a. [/ 77 p and / 7 a/t.] Lame; limping. Gower. 

HIP'PE-LAPH, n. An animal of the deer kind. 

PIIP'PINS, 77. pill. Stepping stones over a brook , children’s 
clothes ; a kind of towel ; a clout. Craven dialect. 

HIPTO-GAMP, 77 . [Gr. hrnoKapTTos.] A name given to the 
sea-horse. Browne. 

HIP-PO-CEN'TAUR, n. [Gr. \irT:oKtvTavpoq.] In ancient fa- 
ble, a supposed monster, half man and half horse. 

HIP'PO-CRAS, 77. [Fr.j A medicinal drink, composed of 
wine with an infusion of spices and other ingredients. 

HIP-POG'RA-Te.S’ SLEEVE. A kind of bag, made by 
uniting the opposite angles of a square piece of flannel, 
used for straining sirifps and decoctions. 

HIP-PO-GRAT'I€ FACE. [~L. facies hippocratica.] Pale, 
sunken, and contracted features, considered as a fatal 
symptom in diseases. Pari'. 

HIP-POC'llA-TISM, 77. The philosophy of Hippocrates, as 
it regards medicine. Chambers. 

HIP PO-DAME, 77. A sea horse. Spenser. 

HIPTO-DROME, 77. [Gr. i-mroSpopog.] Anciently, a circus. 

HIPTO-GRIFF, 77. [Fr. hippogriffe.] A fabulous animal, 
half horse and half griffon ; a winged horse. 

HIP'PO-LITH, 77 . [Gr. Wiroq, a horse, and \iQog, a stone.] 
A stone found in the stomach or intestines of a horse. 
Quincy. 

HIPTO-MANE, 77. [Gr. Wttos and pavia.] 1. A sort of 
poisonous substance, used, anciently, as a philter or love- 
charm. — 2. In botany, the manchineel-tree. 

HIP-POPIPA-GOUS, a. Feeding on horses, as the Tartars. 

HIP-POPH/A-GY, 77. [Gr. \i:no<; and (payw.] The act or 
practice of feeding on horses. Quart. Rev. 

HIP-PO-POT'A-MUS, I 77. [Gr. imrog and norapos.] The 

HIP-PO-POT^A-MY, I river-horse, an animal that inhab- 
its the Nile and other rivers in Africa. 

HIP'ROOF, 77. A roof that has an angle. 

HIP'SHOT, a. Having the hip dislocated. 

HIPAV 6 RT, 77. A plant. 

t HIR, [Sax. hyra,] in our old language, is their. 

HIRE, 7J. t. [Sax. A 7 /r 7777 .] 1. To procure from another per- 

son and for temporary use, at a certain price. 2. To en- 
gage in service for a stipulated reward ; to contract with 
for a compensation. 3. To bribe ; to engage in immoral 
or illegal service for a reward. — To hire out one’s self, to 
let ; to engage one’s service to another for a reward. — To 
hire, or to hire out, to let ; to lease. 

HIRE, 77. [Sax. hyre.] 1 . The price, reward or compensa- 
tion paid or contracted to be given for the temporary use 
of any thing. 2. Wages ; the reward or recompense paid 
for personal service. 

HIRED, pp. 1. Procured or taken for use, at a stipulated or 
reasonable price ; as, a hired farm. 2. Employed in ser- 
vice for a compensation. 

HTRE'LESS, a. Without hire ; not rewarded. Davenant. 

HIRE'LING, 77. 1. One who is hired, or who serves for 
wages. 2. A mercenary ; a prostitute. Pope. 

HIRE'LING, a. Serving for wages ; venal ; mercenary; 
employed for money or other compensation. 

HIR'EB , 77 . One that hires ; one that procures the use of 
any thing for a compensation ; one v/ho employs persons 
for wages, or contracts with persons for service. 

HTR'ING, ppr. Procuring the iise of for a compensation. 

HiR'SLE, V . 7. To move about. Craven dialect. 

HIR-SuTE', a. [L. / 777 * 6 ‘ 77 t 77 s.] 1. Hairy ; rough with hair; 

shaggy ; set with bristles. — 2. In botany, it is nearly sy- 
nonymous with hispid., but it denotes having more hairs 
or bristles, and less stiff. 

HIR-SuTE'NESS, n. Hairiness. Burton. 

HIS, (hiz) pron. possessive of he. [Sax. gen. hijs, and hyse, 
male.] 1. Of him. 2. The present use of his is as a pro- 
nominal adjective, in any case indifferently, correspond- 
ing to the L. suits ; as, tell John h'ls papers are ready. 
3. His was formerly used for its, but improperly. 4. It 
was formerly used as the sign of the possessive ; as, the 
man his ground, for the man’s ground. 5. His is still 
used as a S 7 il>stitute for a noun, preceded by of. — Hisself 
is no longer used. 

HTSRN-GE-RITE, n. A mineral. 

HISK, V . i. To breathe short tlirough cold or pain ; to draw 
the breath with difficulty. Morth of England. 

HIS'PID, a. [L. hispidus .] 1. Rough.— 2. In botany, hav- 
ina strong hairs or bristles. 

HISS, V . i. [Sax. hysian.] 1. To make a sound by driving 


* See Synopsis. 


A, E, I, O, V, V, Z77 77 0-.— FAR, 


FALL, 


WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


HIT 


413 


the breath between the tongue and the upper teeth ; to 
give a strong aspiration resembling tlie noise made by a 
serpent. 2. To express contempt or disapprobation by 
hissing. 3. To whiz, as an arrow or other thing in rapid 
flight. 

HISS, V. t. 1. To condemn by liissing j to explode. 2. To 
procure hisses or disgrace. 

HISS, 71. 1. The sound made by propelling the breath be- 
tween the tongue and upper teeth ; the noise of a ser- 
pent, a goose, &c. 2. An expression of contempt or dis- 
approbation, used in places of public exhibition. 

HISS ING, ppr. Making the noise of serpents. 

HISS ING, 71. 1. A hissing souiid ; an expression of scorn or 
contempt. 2. The occasion of contempt 3 the object of 
scorn and derision. 

HISS'ING-LY, ado. With a whistlin<g sound. Sherroood. 

HIST, exclam. [Dan. hijst.] A word commanding silence j 
equivalent to hush, be silent. 

t HIS-TO'RI-AL, a. Historical. Cha7iccr. 

IIIS-To'RI-AN, n. [Fr. histoiden.] A writer or compiler of 
history. 

HIS-TOR'IG, ) a. [L. historlcus.] 1. Containing history, 
HIS-TOR'I-CAL, ) or the relation of facts. 2. Pertaining 
to history. 3. Contained in history ; deduced from histo- 
ry. 4. Representing history. 

HIS-TORR-CAL-LY, ado. In the manner of history ; by 
way of narration. 

HIS'TO-RIED, a. Recorded in history. [JVot much in use.] 
f IIIS-To'Rl-ER, n. A historian. 

»tIIIS'TO-RI-FY, or HIS-ToR'I-FY, v. t. To relate; to 
record in history. Sidney. 

HIS-TO-RI-OG'R A-PHER, n. [Gr. iaropia and ypaepm.] A 
historian ; a writer of history ; particulaj'ly, a professed 
historian ; an officer employed to write tlie history of a 
prince or state. 

HIS-TO-RI-OG'RA-PHY, n. The art or employment of a 
historian. 

I HIS-TO-RT-OL'0-(jY, n. A discourse on history, or the 
knowledge of history. 

HIS'TO-RY, 7?. [Gr. icrTopia ; L., Sp., Port, historia.] 1. An 
account of facts, particularly of facts respecting nations or 
states : a narration of events in the order in which they 
happened, with their causes and effects. History differs 
from annals. Annals relate simply the facts and events 
of each year, in strict chronological order, without any 
observations of the annalist. History regards less strictly 
the arrangement of events under each year, and admits 
the observations of the writer. 2. Narration ; verbal 
relation of facts or events ; story. 3. Knowledge of facts 
and events. 4. Description ; an account of things that 
exist. 5. An account of the origin, life and actions of an 
individual pe^on. 

HIS^TO-RY-PIeCE, n. A representation of any remarkable 
event in painting. 
tlllS'TRI-OV, n. A player. Pope. 

HIS-TRI-ONHG, 1 a. [L. histrionictis .'\ Pertaining to a 
HIS-TRI-ON'I-€AL, ^ buffoon or comedian, or to a panto- 
mime ; belonging to stage-playing ; theatrical. 
HIS-TRI-ONff-GAL-LY, ado. In the manner of a buffoon 
or pantomime ; theatrically. 

HIS'TRI-O-NISM, n. The acts or practice of buffoons or 
pantomimes ; stage-playing. Southey. 

HIT, 7J. t. : pret. and pp. hit. [?w. hitta.l 1. To strike or 
touch, either with or without force. 2. To strike or touch 
a mark with any thing directed to that object ; not to 
miss. 3. To reach ; to attain to. 4. To suit ; to be con- 
formable. 5. To strike; to touch properly ; to offer the 
right bait. — To hit off. 1. To strike out; to determine 
luckily. 2. To represent or describe exactly. — To hit out., 
to perform by good luck. Spenser. 

HIT, V. i. I To strike ; to meet or come in contact ; to 
clash. 2. To meet or fall on by good luck ; to succeed by 
accident; not to miss. 3. To strike or reach the intend- 
ed point ; to succeed. — To hit on or upon, to light on ; to 
come to or fall on by chance ; to meet or find, as by acci- 
dent. 

HIT, n. ]. A striking against; the collision of one body 
against another. 2. A chance ; a casual event. 3. A lucky 
chance ; a fortunate event. 4. A term in bark-gammoii. 
HITCH, v.i. [W. 1. To move by jerks, or with 
stops. 2. To become entangled ; to be caiight or hooked. 

3. To hit the legs together in going, as horses. 4. To 
hop ; to spring on one leg ; [local.] .5. To move or walk. 
Orose. 

HITCH, V. t. 1. To hook ; to catch by a hook. 2. To fasten 
by liitching. J\Tew England. 

HITCH, n. 1. A catch ; any thing that holds. 2. The act 
of catching, as on a hook, &c. — 3. In seamerPs language, 
a knot or noose in a roj>e for fastening it to a ring or other 
object. 4. A stop or sudden halt in walking or moving. 
HITCHED, pp. Caught ; hooked ; fastened, 
t Iin’CH'EL, V. t. To hatchel. See Hatchel. 
lirfHE, n. [Sax. hijth.] A port or small haven; as in 
Qaeenhithe. [E7iglish.] 


HOB 


H^IPER, flic. [Sax. hither, or hider.] 1. To this place: 
used vvith verbs signifying motion. 2. Hither and thitherl 

or topic'’|“o Z eSS;- 

HITH-ER-TO, adv 1. To this th„e ; yet. tin any time, 
or every time till now ; in time preceding the present. 3I 
l o this place ; to a prescribed limit. 

HITH'ER-WARD, > ado. This way ; towards this nlace 

HITH'ER-WARDS, \ Shak. ^ 

HIVE, n. [Sax. hijfe.] ]. A box, chest or kind of basket 
for the reception and habitation of a swarm of honey-bees. 
2. A swarm of bees ; or the bees inhabiting a hive. 3. A 
company or society together, or closely connected. 

HIVE, V. t. 1. To collect into a hive ; to cause to enter a 
hive. Dryden. 2. To contain ; to receive, as a habitation, 
or place of deposit. 

HIVE, 7). i. To take shelter or lodgings together ; to reside 
Jn a collective body. Pope 

HIVED, pp. Lodged in a hive or shelter. 

HTV^^ER, n. One that collects bees into a hive. 

HIVEJS, 71. pin. Eruptions in the skin. ATorth of England. 

HIVES, 77. [Scot. qu. heaoe.] A disease, the croup, or 
cynanche trachealis ; rattles. 

t IIIZZ, V. tV To hiss. Shale. 

t HIZZffNG, 77. A hissing or hiss. May. 

HO, exclam. A word used by teamsters, to stop their teams. 
It hns been used as a noun, for stop, moderation, bounds. 
This word is pronounced, also, 7oho, or hzco. 

HO, 77. Stop; bound; limit. Harvey. 

HO, 1 exclam. [L. c/70.] A call to excite attention, or to 

HO A, \ give notice of approach. 

IIoAR, a. [Sax. /7ar.] 1. White ; as hoar frost. 2. Gray ; 

white with age ; hoary. 

HoAR, 77. Hoariness ; antiquity. Burke. 

HoAR, V. i. To become moldy or musty. [Little iiscd.] 

HoAR'-FROST, n. The white particles of ice formed by the 
congelation of dew or watery vapors. 

Hoard, n. [Sax. hord.] A store, stock or large quantity of 
any thing accumulated or laid up ; a hidden stock ; a 
treasure. 

Hoard, v. t. To collect and lay up a large quantity of any 
filing ; to amass and deposit in secret ; to store secretly. 

Hoard, v. i. To collect and form a hoard ; to lay up 
store. 


IToARD'ED, pp. Collected and laid up in store. 
HoARD'ER, 77. One who lays up in store ; one who accu- 
mulates and keeps in secret. 

HoARD'ING, ppr. 1. Laying up in store. 2. a. Instinctively 
collecting and laying up provisions for winter, 
f HoAR'ED, a. Moldy ; musty. 

HoARTIOIJND. See. Horehound. 

IIoARH-NESS, 77. The state of being white, whitish or 


gray. 

HoARSE, (hors) a. 1. Having a harsh, rough, grating voice, 
as when affected with a cold. 2. Rough; grating; dis- 
cordant, as the voice, or as any sound. 

HoARSE'LY, ad,v. With a rough, harsh, grating voice or 
sound. Dryden. 

HoARSE'NESS, n. Harshness or roughness of voice or 
sound ; preternatural asperity of voice. 

HoAR'Y, 77. 1. White or whitish. 2 . White or gray with 
age. 3. Moldy; mossy, or covered with a white pubes- 
cence. 

HoAST, 77. A cough. See IIaust. 

H6AX, 77. [.Sax. hue.se, or hucx.] Something done for de- 
ception or mockery ; a trick played off in sport. 

HoAX, V. t. To deceive ; to play a trick upon for sport, or 
without malice. [A colloquial word.] 

HOB, ) 77. [Dan. hob.] The nave of a wheel ; a solid piece 

HUB, \ of timber in which the spokes are inserted. Wash- 
ington. 

HOB, 77. A clown ; a fairy. 

HOB OR NOB. See Hobnob. 

HOB'BISM, 77. The principles of the sceptical Thomas 
Hobbes. Skelton. 

HOB'BIST, 77. A follower of Hobbes. 

HOB'BLE, V. i. [W. hohe.lu.] 1. To walk lamely, bearing 
chiefly on one leg ; to limp ; to walk vvith a hitch or hop, 
or with crutches. 2. To walk awkwardly. 3. To move 
roughly or irregularly, as verse. 

t HOB'BTiE, V. t. To perplex. 

HOB'BLE, 77. 1. An unequal, halting gait ; an encumbered, 
awkward step. 2. Difficulty ; perplexity. 

HOB'BLE-DE-HOY, n. A cant plirase for a boy at the age 
of puberty. Swift. 

HOB'BLER, 77. One that hobbles. 

HOB'BLER, 77. One who by his tenure was to maintain a 
hobby for military service ; or one who served as a soldier 
on a hobby with light armor. 

HOB'BLING, ppr. Walking with a halting or interrupted 
step. 

HOB'BLING-LY, adv. With a limping or interrupted step. 


* See Sxjnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 6 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 


HOG 414 HOL 


HOB'BV, n. [W. Ao&eL] A kind of hawk ; a hawk of the 
lure. Encyc» 

HOB'BV, n. [Norm., Fr. /io&yn.j 1. A strong active horse, 
of a midlilt size ; a nag ; a pacing horse j a garran. 2. A 
Sitick, or figure of a horse, on which boys ride. 3. Any 
favorite object ; tJiat which a person pursues with zeal or 
delight. 4. A stupid fellow. 

HOB'BY-HORSE, n. [Tautulogical.] 1. A hobby ; a wood- 
en horse on which boys ride. 2. A character in the old 
May games. 3. A stupid or foolish person. 4. The fa- 
vorite object of pursuit. 

HOB'GOB-LIN, n. A fairy j a frightful apparition. 

HO'BIT, 71. [Sp. hobus.] A small mortar, or short gun. See 
Howitzer, the common orthography. 

HOBHjTKE, a. Clownish j boorish. Cotgrave. 

HOB'NAiL, n. [G. kufnagel.] 1. A nail with a thick, strong 
head, for shoeing horses. 2. A clownish person, in con- 
tciujjt. Milton. 

HOBCVAILED, a. Set with hobnails ; rough. 

IIOB'NOB, ado. [qu. Sax. habban.'\ Take or not take. 

HOB'SON’S CHOICE. A vulgar proverbial expression, de- 
noting a choice in which there is no alternative. 

Ho'BOY. See Hautboy. 

HOCK, n. [Sax. /lo/i.] J. The joint of an animal between 
the knee and the fetlock. 2. A part of the thigh. 

Hock, or HOC KLE, v.t. To hamstring; to hough ; to 
disable by cutting the tendons of the liam. 

HOCK, n. [from Hockkeiin, in Germany.] A sort of Rhen- 
ish wine ; sometimes called hochamore. 

t HOCK'A-MORE, n. Old, strong Rhenish wine. Hudibras. 

HOCK'DAV, or HoKE'DAY, ii. High day ; a day of feast- 
ing and mirth, formerly held in England. 

HoCK'EY, n. [G. hock.] Harvest-home. 

OCK'HERP, n. A plant, the mallows. jUnsioorth. 

HOC'KLE, v.t. J. To hamstring. 2. To mow. 

HO'CUS Po'CUS, 71. [W. /i< 7 ceiZ, and perhaps or picca.] 
A juggler ; a juggler’s trick ; a cheat used by conjurers. 

Ho'GCS Po'CUS, V. t. To cheat. UEstrange. 

HOD, 71. [Fr. hotte.] A kind of tray for carrying mortar 
and brick, used in bricklaying. 

HOD'DY, a. Well ; pleasant ; in good spirits. Orose. 

t HOD'DY-DOD'DY, n. An aw’kward or foolish person 

HODGE'-PODGE, or HOTCH'-POTCH, n. [qu. Fr. hocher.] 
A mixed mass ; a medley of ingredients. [^uZ^ar.j See 
Hotchpot. 

XIO-Dl-ERN'AL, a. [L. hodiernus.] Of this day; belonging 
to the present day. 

HOD'M AN, 71. A man who carries a hod. 

HOD'MAN-DOD, 7i. 1. A shell-fish, otherwise called dod- 
•man. 2. A shell-snail. 

HOE, (ho) 7J. [G. hane.] A farmer’s instrument for cutting 
up weeds ana loosening the earth in fields and gardens. 

HOE, v.t. 1. To cut, dig, scrape or clean with a hoe. 2. 
To clear from weeds. 

HOE, V. i. To use a hoe. 

HoED, pp. Cleared from weeds, or loosened by the hoe. 

HoE'ING, ppr. 1. Cutting, scraping or digging with a hoe. 
2. Clearing of weeds with a hoe. 

I HO'FIJL, a. [Sax. hohfall, fiogfulL] Careful. 

t Ho'FUL-LY, ado. Carefully. Stapleton. 

HOG, 71. [W. Iiw^.] 1. A swine ; a general name of that 
species of animal. — 2. In England^ a castrated sheep of a 
year old. 3. A bullock of a year old. 4. A brutal fel- 
low ; one who is mean and filthy. — 5. Among seamen^ a 
sort of scrubbing-broom for scraping a ship’s bottom under 
water. 

HOG, V. t. 1. To scrape a ship’s bottom under water. 2. 
pG. hocken.] To carry on the back ; [local.] Orose. 3. 
To cut the hair short, like the bristles of a hog ; [local.] 

HOG, V. i. To bend, so as to resemble in some degree a 
hog’s back. 

HOG'COTE, 7J. [hog and cote.] A shed or house for swine ; 
a sty. Mortimer. 

HOGGED, pp. 1. Scraped under water. 2. Curving; hav- 
ing the ends lower than the middle. 

HOG'GER-EL, n. A sheep of the second year. .^sh. A 
two year old ewe. Ainsicorth. 

HOG'GET, 71. [Norm, hoget.] 1. A sheep two years old. 
2. A colt of a year old, called, also, hog-colt ; [local.] 
Orose. 3. A young boar of the second year. Cyc. 

HOG'GISH, a. Having the qualities of a hog; brutish; 
gluttonous ; filthy ; meanly selfish. 

HOG'GISH-LY, ado. In a brutish, gluttonous or filthy 
manner. 

HOG'GISil-NESS, n. Brutishness ; voracious greediness in 
eating ; beastly filthiness ; mean selfishness. 

I HOGH, n. [See High.] A hill ; a cliff. Spenser. 

HOG'HERD, 71. A keeper of swine. Broione. 

IIO'GO, 71. [corrupted from /laiit ^out.] High flavor ; strong 
scent. 

HOG'PEN, 71. [hog and pen.] A hogsty. 

HOG'-PLUMB-TREE, 7i. A tree. 

HOG'-RING-ER, n. One whose business is to put rings in 
the snouts of swine. 


HOG’S'-BeANS, n. A plant. Ainsworth. 

HOG’S^-BREAD n. A plant. 

H0G’S'-FEN-N£L, 71. A plant of the genus peMcedanwTTi. 

IlOG’S'-MUSH-ROOMS, n, A plant. Ainsworth. 

HOGS'HEAD, n. [D. oxhoofd.] 1. A measure of capacity, 
containing 03 gallons. — 2. In America^ this name is often 
given to a butt, a cask containing from 110 to 120 gallons. 
3. A large cask. 

HOG'-SHiiAR-lNG, n. A ludicrous term, denoting much 
ado about nothing. 

HOG'-S'l'EER, 71. [Sax. steor.] A wild boar of three years 
old. Cockeram. 

HOG'STY, n. A pen or inclosure for hogs. 

HOG'WASSH, 71. [hog and wash.] Swill; the refuse matters 
of a kitchen for swine. 

HoHL'SPATH, 71. The mineral otherwise called made, 
and chiastolite. 

HOPDEN, 71. [W. hoeden.] 1 A rude, bold girl ; a romp. 
2. A rude, bold man. Milton. 

HOI DEN, a. Rude; bold; inelegant; rustic. 

HOPDEN, V. i. To romp rudely or indecently. 

HOIST, V. t. [G. hissen ; D. hyssen.] 1. To raise ; to lift. 

2. To raise, to lift or bear upwards by means of tackle. 

3. To lift and move the leg backwards. 

HOIST, 71. In marine language, the perpendicular height 
of a flag or ensign, as opposed to the Jly, or breadth from 
the staff to the outer edge. 

HOIST'ED, pp. Raised ; lifted ; drawn up. 

IlOfST'ING, ppr. Raising; lifting. 

HOiT, V. i. [Icel. hauta.] To leap ; to caper. Beaumont. 

HOPTY TOI'TY, an exclamation, denoting surprise or dis- 
approbation, with some degree of contempt. Congreve. 

HOLG'AD, 71. [Gr. 6Aiva^iov.] In ancient Oreecc, a large 
ship of burden. Mitford. 

Hold, v. t. ; pret. held ,• pp. held. Holden is obsolete in ele- 
gant writing. [Sax. healdan.] 1. To stop ; to confine ; to 
restrain from escape ; to keep fast ; to retain. 2. To em- 
brace and confine, with bearing or lifting. 3. To connect ; 
to keep from separation. 4. To maintain, as an opinion. 
5. To consider ; to regard ; to think ; to judge, that is, to 
have in the mind. b. To contain, or to have capacity to 
receive and contain. 7. To retain within itself ; to keep 
from running or flowing out. 8. To defend ; to keep 
possession ; to maintain. 9. To have. 10. To have or 
possess by title. 11. To refrain ; to stop ; to restrain ; to 
withhold. 12. To keep. 13. To fix ; to confine ; to 
compel to observe or fulfill. 14. To confine ; to restrain 
from motion. 15. To confine; to bind; in* a legal or 
moral sense. 16. To maintain ; to retain ; to continue. 
17. To keep in continuance or practice. 18. To continue ; 
to keep; to prosecute or carry on. 19. To have in ses- 
sion. 20. To celebrate ; to solemnize. 21. To maintain ; 
to sustain ; to liave in use or exercise. 22. To sustain ; 
to support. 23. To carry ; to wield. 24. To maintain ; 
to observe in practice. 25. To last ; to endure. 

To hold forth. 1. To offer ; to exhibit ; to propose. Locke. 

2. To reach forth ; to put forward to view. — To hold in. 
1. To restrain ; to curb ; to govern by the bridle. 2. To 
restrain in general ; to check ; to repress. — 7’o hold off, to 
keep at a distance. — To hold on, to continue or proceed 
in. — To hold out. 1. To extend ; to stretch forth. 2. To 
propose ; to offer. B. Jonson. 3. To continue to do or 
suffer. — To hold up. 1 . To raise. 2. To sustain ; to sup- 
port. 3. To retain ; to withhold. 4. To ofier ; to exhibit. 
5. To sustain ; to keep from falling. — To hold one’s own, 
to keep good one’s present condition. — In seamen’s lan- 
guage, a ship holds her own, when she sails as fast as 
another ship, or keeps her course. 

Hold, v. i. l. To be true ; not to fail ; to stand, as a fact 
or truth. 2. To continue unbroken or unsubdued. 3. To 
last ; to endure. 4. To continue. 5. To be fast ; to be 
firm ; not to give way, or part. 6. To refrain. 7. To 
stick or adhere. 

To hold forth, to speak in public ; to harangue ; to preach ; 
to proclaim. — To hold in. 1. To restrain one’s self. 2. 
To continue in good luck. — To hold off, to keep at a dis- 
tance ; to avoid connection. — To hold of, to be dependent 
on; to derive title from. — To hold on. 1. To continue; 
not to be interrupted. 2. To keep fast hold ; to cling to. 

3. To proceed in a course. — To hold out. 1. To last ; to 
endure ; to continue. 2. Not to yield ; not to surrender ; 
not to be subdued. — To hold to, to cling or cleave to ; to 
adhere. — To hold under, ox /row, to have title from. — To 
hold with, to adhere to ; to side with ; to stand up for. — 
To hold plough, to direct or steer a plough by the hands, 
in tillage. — To hold together, to be joined ; not to sepa- 
rate ; to remain in union. — To hold up. 1. To support 
one’s self. 2. To cease raining ; to cease, as falling 
weather. 3. To continue the same speed ; to run or move 
as fast. — To hold a wager, to lay, to stake or to hazard a 
wager. — Hold, used imperatively, signifies stop, cease; 
forbear ; be still. 

Hold, n. l. A grasp with the hand ; an embrace with the 
arms. 2. Something which may be seized for support ; 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PRgY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD • 


t Obsolete, 


HOL 


415 HOM 


that which supports. 3. Power of keeping. 4. Power of 
seizing. 5. A prison ; a place of confinement. 6. Cus- 
tody ; safe keeping. 7. Power or influence operating on 
the mind ; advantage that may be employed in directing 
or persuading another. 8. Lurking place; a place of se- 
curity. 9. A fortified place ; a fort ; a castle. 10. The 
whole interior cavity of a ship, between the floor and the 
lower <leck. — 11. In niiuiic, a mark directing the per- 
former to rest on the note over which it is placed. 

HoLD'BACK, ?i. Hinderance ; restraint. Bammvnd. 

HoLD'ER, 71. 1. One who holds or grasps in liis hand, or 
embraces with his arms. 2. A tenant ; one who holds 
land under another. 3. Something by which a thing is 
held. 4. One who owns or possesses. — 5. In ships, one 
who is emjdoyed in the hold. 

Hold ER-FollTH, n. Aharanguer; a preacher. 

HoLD'FAST, n. A thing that takes hold; a catch; a 
hook. 

HoLU'ING, ppr. Stopping; confining; restraining; keep- 
ing; retaining; adhering; maintaining, &,c. 

HoLDTNG, 77. 1. A tenure ; a farm held of a superior. 2. 
The burden or chorus of a song. Shuk. 3. Hold ; influ- 
ence ; power over. Burke. 

HOLE, 71. [Sax. AoZ.] 1. A hollow place or cavity in any 
solid body, of any shape or dimensions, natural or artifi- 
cial. 2. A perforation; an aperture; an opening in or 
through a solid body. 3. A mean habitation ; a narrow 
or dark lodging. 4. An opening or means of escape ; a 
subterfuge. — Arm-hole. 1. The arm-pit ; the cavity under 
the shoulder of a person. 2. An opening in a garment for 
the arm. 

HOLE, v.i. To go into a hole. B. Jonson. 

HOLE, V. t. 1. To cut, dig or make a hole or holes in. 2. 
To drive into a bag, as in billiards. 

HOLE, a. Whole. 

HOLT-BUT. See Halibut. 

Ho'Ll-DAM, n. Blessed lady ; an ancient oath. 

HOLT-DAY. SccHolydav. 

HO'LI-LY, adv. 1. Piously; with sanctity. 2. Sacredly; 
inviolably ; without breach ; [little used.] Shak. 

Ho'Ll-NESS, 71. 1. The state of being holy ; purity or in- 
tegrity of moral character ; freedom from sin ; sanctity. 

2. Purity of heart or dispositions ; sanctified affections ; 
piety ; moral goodness. 3. Sacredness ; the state of any 
thing hallowed, or consecrated to God or to his worship. 
4. That which is separated to the service of God. 5. A 
title of the pope, and formerly of the Greek emperors. 

HoLTNG-AXE, n. A narrow axe for cutting holes in posts. 

HOL'LA, or HOL-LoA, exclam. A word used in calling. 
— Among seamen, it is the answer to one that hails, 
equivalent to I hear, and am read7j. 

HOL-LA',or HOL-Lo', tj. i. [Sax. ahloioan.] To call out or 
exclaim. See Halloo. 

nOL'LAND, 77. Fine linen manufactured in Holland. 

HOL'LAND-ER, 7i. A native of Holland. 

HOL'LANDS, 7i. A kind of cant term for gin. 

HOL'LEN. See Holly. 

HOL'LoW, a. [Sax. hoL] 1. Containing an empty space ; 
not solid. 2. Sunk deep in the orbit. 3. Deep ; low ; 
resembling sound reverberated from a cavity, or desig- 
nating such a sound. 4. Not sincere or faithful ; false; 
deceitful ; not sound. 

HOL'LoW, 77. 1. A cavity, natural or artificial; any de- 
pression of surface in a body ; concavity. 2. A place 
excavated. 3. A cave or cavern ; a den ; a hole ; a broad 
open space in any thing. 4. A pit. 5. Open space of 
any thing ; a groove ; a channel ; a canal. 

HOL'LoW, V. t. [Sax. hoUan.] To make hollow, as by 
•^digging, cutting or engraving; to excavate. 

lH)L'LoVV, V. 7. To shout. See Holla and Hollo. 

HOL'LoW, ad/). He carried it hollo/o, that is, he gained 
the prize without difficulty. A colloquial expression. 
Crave/i dialect. 

HOL'LoWED, pp. Made hollow ; excavated. 

HOL'LoW-EYED, a. Having sunken eyes. 

HOL'IiOW-HEART-ED, a. Insincere ; deceitful ; not 
sound and true. Butler. 

IIOIi'LoW-ING, ppr. Making hollow ; excavating. 

IIOL'LoW-LY, adv. Insincerely ; deceitfully. 

HOL'LoW-NESS, n. 1. The state of being hollow; cav- 
ity; depression of surface; excavation. 2. Insincerity; 
deceitfulness ; treachery. 

HOL'LoW-ROOT, v. A plant, t/iberous moschatel. 

HOL'LoW-SPAR. The mineral called, also, chiastolite. 

HOL'LY, 71. [Sax. holegn.] The holm tree, of the genus 
ilex, of several species. 

IIOL'LY-HOGK, n. [Sax. holihoc.] A plant of the genus 
nlcea. It is called, also, rose-mallow. 

HOL'LY-ROSE, n. A plant. Tate. 

HoLM, 77. L The evergreen oak; the ilex. 2. An islet, 
or river isle. 3. A low, flat tract of rich land on the 
banks of a river. 

IldLM'EN, a. Made of holm. West of England. 

HOLM'ITE, 77. A variety of carbonate of lime. 


pistol, 


woodland ; obsolete, ex- 


^^fiJ"e^r^)^Frhi^’. Kavaroi.] A bumt-sacri^ 

ypo(p(o.] A deed or tes- 
Imnd*^*^ written wholly by the grantor’s or testator’s own 

^ wholly by the grantor or 
testator himself. ^ 

HO-LOM'E-1 ER’ t?.. [Gr. b\og and perpco).] An instrument 
tor taking all kinds of measures ; a pautometer. 

HoLP, HoLP'EN, the antiquated prct. and pp. ol help. 

[Stix» hcoli>t€f"%^ A Iccitlicrn CO.S 0 forci pisi 
carried by a horseman. 

HoL'S'PER, V. i. "J'o bustle ; to make a disturbance. Grose. 

HoL'STERED, a. Bearing liolsters. Byron. 

HoLT, 71. [Sax. AoZt.] A wood or woodland 
cept in poetry. Draijton. 

Hd'LY, a. [Sax. halig , G., D. heilig.'] 1. Properhj,\v\\e>\e, 
entire or jierfect, in a moral sense. Hence, pure in heart, 
temper or dispositions ; free from sin and sinful affections. 

2. Hallowed ; consecrated or set apart to a sacred use. 

3. Proceeding from pious principles, or directed to pious 
purposes. 4. Perfectly just and goou. 5. Sncred.—Holy 
of holies, in Scripture, tlie innermost apartment of the 
Jewish tabernacle or temp] where the ark was kept. — 
Holy Ghost, or Holy Spirit, the Divine Spirit ; the third 
person in the Trinity ; the Sanctifier of souls.— //o/t/ war, 
a war undertaken to rescue the holy land, the ancient 
Judea, from the infidels ; a crusade. 

Hd'LY-GROSS day. n. The fourteenth of September. 

HOL'Y-DAY, 77. 1. A day set apart for commemorating 
some important event in history ; a festival. 2. A day 
of joy and gayety. 3. A day of exemption from labor ; a 
day of amusement. 


HOL'Y-DAY, a. Pertaining to a festival. . 

Ho'LY-ONE, 77. I. An appellation of the Supreme Being, 
by way of emphasis. 2. An appellation of Christ. 3. 
One separated to the service of God. 

Hd'LY-ROOD day, n. A festival observed by Roman 
Catholics in memory of the exaltation of our Savior’s 
cross. 

Ho'LY-THlS-TLE, n. A plant of tlie genus cnicus. 

Hd'LY-THURS'DAY, n. The day on which tlie ascension 
of our Savior is commemorated, ten days before Whitsun- 
tide. Johnson. 

Hd'LY-WEEK, 77. The week before Easter, in which the 
passion of our Savior is commemorated. 

HOM'AGE, 77. [Fr. /7<7777r/7fl^e.] 1. In feudal Zaw, the sub- 
mission, loyalty and service which a tenant promised to 
his lord or superior. 2. Obeisance ; respect paid by ex- 
ternal action. 3. Reverence directed to the Supreme Be- 
ing ; reverential worship ; devout affection. 

HOM'AGE, V. t. To pay respect to by external action ; to 
give reverence to ; to profess fealty. 

HOM'AGE-A-BLE, a. Subject to homage. Howell. 

HOM'A-GER, 77. One who does homage, or holds land of 
another by homage. Baco7i. 

HOM'BERG’S PY-ROPH'O-RUS. Ignited muriate of lime. 

HOME, 77. [Sax. ha7n ; G., D. heim.] 1. A dwelling house ; 
the house or place in which one resides. 2. One’s own 
country. 3. The place of constant residence ; the seat. 

4. The grave ; death; or a future state. 5. The present 
state of existence. 

HOME, a. Close ; severe ; poignant ; as, a home thrust. 

HOME, adv. [This is merely elliptical ; to being omitted.] 
1. To one’s own habitation ; as, go home. 2. To one’s 
own country. — Home is opposed to abroad, or in a foreign 
country. 3. Close ; closely ; to the point. 

HoME'BORN, a. L Native; natural. Do7i7ie. 2. Do^ 
mestic ; not foreign. Pope. 

HoME'BRED, a. 1. Native; natural. 2. Domestic; orig- 
inating at home ; not foreign. 3. Plain ; rude ; artless ; 
uncultivated ; not polished by travel. 

HoME'FELT, a. Felt in one’s own breast ; inward ; pri- 
vate. J\Idt07l. 


HoME'KEEP-ING, a. Staying at home. Shak. 
HoME'LESS, a. Destitute of a home. 

HolME'LI-LY, adv. Rudely ; inelegantly, 
HoME'LI-NESS, n 1. Plainness of features; want of 
beauty. 2. Rudeness ; coarseness. Addison. 
HoME'LOT, 77. An inclosure on or near which the mansion 
house stands. 

HoME'LY, a. 1. Of plain features ; not handsome. 2. 
Plain ; like that which is made for common domestic use ; 
rude ; coarse ; not fine or elegant. 

HoME'LY, adv. Plainly ; rudely ; coarsely. [Little used.] 
HoME'LYN, 77. A fish. 

HoME'MADE, a. Made at home ; being of domestic manu- 


facture. Locke. 

\n. A Hebrew measure containing the tenth 
CHcl'MER ) ephah, or about six pints. 

HG-MER'I€, a. Pertaining to Homer, or to his poetry ; re- 
sembling Homer’s verse. 


* See Sijnopsis 


HOG 


HON 416 


HOME'SPEAK-ING, n. Forcible and efficacious speaking. 
Milton. 

HoME'SPUN, a. 1. Spun or wrought at home ; of domestic 
manufacture. 2. Not made in foreign countries. 3. 
Plain j coarse ; rude ; homely ; not elegant. 
HoME'SPUiN, n. A coarse, unpolished, rustic person. 
HoME'STALL, in. 1. The place of a mansion house ; the 
HoME'STEAD, ) inclosure or ground immediately con- 
nected with the mansion. 2. Native seat j original sta- 
tion or place of residence. 

Home ward, J ado. Toward home ; toward one’s hab- 
HoME'WARDS, | itation or country. 
IlOxVlE'WARD-BOUND, a. Destined for home; returning 
from a foreign country to the place where the owner re- 
sides. 

HOM-l-CID'AL, a. [from homicide.'\ Pertaining to homi- 
cide ; murderous ; bloody. 

HOM'I-CTDE, n. [Fr., from L. hoinicidium.] 1. The killing 
of one man or human being by another. Homicide is of 
three kiniXs— justifiable , excusable^ and felonious. 2. A 
person wlio kills another ; a manslayer. 
lIOM-I-LET'ie, ) a. [Gr. bfuXrjTiKOi.] 1. Pertaining to 
JIOM-I-LET'I-EAL, j familiar intercourse ; social ; con- 
versable ; companionable. — 2. Homiletic theology, a branch 
of practical theology, also called pastoral theoFogy. 
HOMh-LlST, n. One that preaches to a congregation. 
HOM'i-LY, n. [Fr. hom(lie.'\ A discourse or sermon read or 
pronounced to an audience. 

IluM'MUC, n. A hillock or small eminence of a conical 
form, sometimes covered with trees. Bartram. 
HOM'MO-NY, n. [Indian.] In America, maize hulled, or 
hulled and broken, but coarse, prepared for food by being 
mixed with water and boiled. 

H0-M0E-0-Me'R 1-A, 71. A likeness of parts. 
IIO-MO-GE'NE- AL, \ a. [Fr. homogene ,* Gr. hpoyevrig.'i 
HO-MO-GK'NE-OLT.S, i Of the same kind or nature ; con- 
sisting of similar parts, or of elements of the like nature. 
HO-MO-Ge'NE-AL-NESS, or HO-MO-GE-NeT-T Y. Words 
not to be encouraged ; equivalent to 
HO-MO-Ge NE-OUS-NESS, n. i?ameness of kind or nature. 
* HOM^O-GE-NY, n. Joint nature. Bacon. 
HO-MOL'O-GATE, v. t. [It. omologarc.] To approve ; to 
allow. Wheaton^s Rep. 

HO-MOL'O-GOUS, a. [Gr. hpog and Xoyoj.] Proportional to 
each other ; a term in geometry. 

HO-MON'Y-MODS, a. [Gr. 6/7wva/70f.] Equivocal; ambig- 
uous ; that has different significations. 
HO-MON<Y-MOUS-LY, ado. In an equivocal manner. 
HO-MON'Y-iNIY, 71. [Gt. bpwvvpia.'\ Ambiguity ; equivoca- 
tion. Johnson. 

HO-MOPIPO-NY, 71. [Gr. bpos and ^ovrj.] Likeness of 
sound. 

HO-MOT^O-NOUS, a. [Gr. bpo^ and rovog.] Equable ; of 
the same tenor ; applied to diseas.es. Quincy. 

HONE, n. [Sw. hen.] A stone of a fine grit, used for sharp- 
ening instruments. 

HONE, V. t. To rub and sharpen on a hone, 
t HONE, V. i. To pine ; to long. [qu. W. haicn.] 
HdNE'-Wo RT, n. A plant of the genus sison. 

HON'EST, (on'est) a. [Fr. /jo?t7?^tc.] 1. Upright ; just ; fair 
in dealing with others. 2. Fair ; just ; equitable ; free 
from fraud. 3. Frank ; sincere ; unreserved ; according 
to truth. 4. Sincere ; proceeding from pure or just prin- 
ciples, or directed to a good object. 5. Fair ; good ; 
iinimpeached. 6. Decent; honorable; or suitable. 7. 
Chaste ; faithful. 

t HON'EST, (on'est) v. t. To adorn ; to grace. Sayidys. 

■f HON'ES-TATE, v. t. To honor. Cockeram. 
t H0 N-ES-Ta'T 10N, 71. Adornment ; grace. 

HON'EST-LY, (on'est-ly) ado. 1. Uprightly ; justly ; with 
integrity and fairness. 2. With frank sincerity ; without 
fraud or disguise ; according to truth. 3. By upright 
means; with upright conduct. 4. Chastely; with conju- 
gal loyalty and fidelity. 

HON'ES-TY, (on'es-ty) n. [Fr. honnHete ^ L. honestas.] 1. 
In principle, an upright disposition ; moral rectitude of 
heart ; a disposition to conform to justice and correct 
moral principles, in all social transactions. 2. Fairness ; 
candor ; truth. 3. Frank sincerity. 

HoN'EY, (hun'y) n. [Sax. hunig.] 1. A sweet v’egetable 
juice, collected by bees from the flowers of plants. 2. 
Sweetness ; lusciousness. 3. A word of tenderness ; 
sweetness ; sweet one. 

HoN'EY, V. t. 1. To talk fondly ; [1. tr.] 2. To sweeten. 
H6N'EY-BAG, n. The stomach of a honey-bee. Grew. 
H6N'EY-€oMB, n. A substance formed by bees into cells 
for repositories of honey. 

HGN'EY-CoMBED, a. Having little flaws or cells. 
H6N'EY-DEW, n. A sweet, saccharine substance, found 
on the leaves of trees and other plants. 

HGN'EYED, a. 1. Covered with honey. 2. Sweet. 
HGN'EY*FLOW-ER, n. A plant. 

HGN'EY-GNAT, n. An insect. Ainsworth. 


HGN'EY-GUIDE, n. A species of cuckoo. 

HGN'EY-HAR'VEST, n. Honey collected. Dryden. 

HoN'EY-LESS, a. Destitute of honey. Shak. 

HoN'EY-JjO-CUST, n. A plant, the three-thorned acacia 

HoN'EY-MOON, / n. The first month after marriage 

HON'EY-MONTH, \ Addison. 

HoN'EY-MOUTHED, a. Soft or smooth in speech. 

HoN'EY-STALK, n. Clover-flower. Mason. 

HGN'EY-STONE. See Mellite. 

H6N'EY-SUC-KLE, n. A genus of plants. 

HoN'EY-SWEET, a. Sweet as honey. Chaucer. 

HoN'EY-ToNGUED, a. Using soft speech. Shak. 

HGN'EY-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus cerinthe. 

HoN'lED. See Honeyed. 

f HoN'lED-NESS, n. Sw'eetness ; allurement. Cotgrave. 

HON'OR, (on'ur) n. [L. honor, honos ; Fr. honneur ; Sp. 
ho7ior.] 1. The esteem due or paid to worth ; high estima 
tion. 2. A testimony of esteem ; any expression of re- 
spect or of high estimation by words or actions. 3. Dig- 
nity ; exalted ranker place ; distinction. 4. Reverence; 
veneration. 5. Reputation ; good name. 6. True noble- 
ness of mind ; magnanimity. 7. An assumed appearance 
of nobleness ; scorn of meanness, springing from the fear 
of reproach, without regard to principle, b. Any particu- 
lar virtue much valued ; as bravery in men, and chastity 
in females. Shak. 9. Dignity of mien ; noble appearance. 

10. J'hat which honors ; he or that which confers dignity. 

11. Privileges of rank or birth ; in the plural. 12. (,'ivili- 
ties paid. 13. I'hat which adorns ; ornament ; decora- 
tion. 14. A noble kind of seignory or lordship, held of 
the king in capite. — On or upon my honor, words accom- 
panying a declaration which pledge one’s honor or repu- 
tation for the truth of it. 

HON'OR, (on'ur) v. t. [L. honoro ; Fr. honorer.] 1. To re- 
vere ; to respect ; to treat with deference and submission, 
and perform relative duties to. 2. To reverence ; to 
manifest the highest veneration for, in words and actions ; 
to entertain the most exalted thoughts of ; to worship ; to 
adore. 3. To dignify ; to raise to distinction or notice ; 
to elevate in rank or station ; to exalt. 4. To glorify ; to 
render illustrious. 5. To treat with due civility and re- 
spect in the ordinary intercourse of life. — 6. In commerce, 
to accept and pay when due. 

HON'OR-A-BLE, a. [L. honorabilis ; Fr. honorable.] 1. 
Holding a distinguished rank in society; illustrious or 
noble. 2. Possessing a high mind ; actuated by principles 
of honor. 3. Conferring honor, or procured by noble 
deeds. 4. Consistent witli honor or reputation. 5. Re- 
spected ; worthy of respect ; regarded with esteem. G. 
Performed or accompanied with marks of honor, or with 
testimonies of esteem. 7. Proceeding from an upright 
and laudable cause, or directed to a just and proper end ; 
not base ; not reproachful. 8. Not to be disgraced. 9. 
Honest ; without hypocrisy or deceit ; fair. 10. An epi- 
thet of respect or distinction. 11. Becoming men of rank 

cLHCi 

HON'OR-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The state of being honora- 
ble ; eminence ; distinction. 2. Conformity to The prin- 
ciples of honor, probity^ or moral rectitude ; fairness. 

HON'OR- A-BLY, ado. 1. W ith tokens of honor or respect. 
2. Magnanimously ; generously ; with a noble spirit or 
purpose. 3. Reputably ; without reproach. 

HON'OR- A-RY, a. 1. Conferring honor, or intended merely 
to confer honor. 2. Possessing a title or place w ithout 
performing services or receiving a rew^ard. 

HON'OR-A^RY, n. 1. A lawyer’s fee. 2. The salary of a 
professor iji any art or science. 

HON'ORED, pp. Respected ; revered ; reverenced ; ele- 
vated to rank or office ; dignified ; exalted ; glorified ; 
accepted. 

HON'OR-ER, n. 1. One that honors; one that reveres, 
reverences or regards with respect. 2. One who exalts, 
or who confers honors. 

IION'OR-ING, ppr. Respecting highly ; reverencing; ex- 
alting ; dignifying ; conferring marks of esteem ; accept- 
ing and paying. 

HON'OR-LESS, a. Destitute of honor ; not honored. 

HOOD, in composition, [Sax. had, hade, G. heit, D. heid, Svv. 
het, Dan. hed,] as in manhood, childhood, denotes state or 
fixedness, hence quality or character, from some root sig- 
nifying to set, {Sax. to ordain.] It is equivalent to 

the termination ness in English, and tas in Latin ; as, 
goodness, [G. gutheit ;] brotherhood, [T. fraternitas.] 

HOOD, n. [Sax? hod.] 1. A covering for the head used by 
females. 2. A covering for the head and shoulders used 
by monks ; a cowl. 3. A covering for a haw^k’s head or 
eyes, used in falconry. 4. Any thing to be drawm over 
the head to cover it. 5. An ornamental fold that hangs 
down the back of a graduate to mark his degree. G. A 
. low wooden porch over the ladder which leads to the 
steerage of a ship ; the upper part of a galley-chimney ; 
the cover of a pump. 

HOOD, V. t. 1. To dress in a hood or cowfl ; to put on a 
hood. 2. To cover ; to blind. 3. To cover. 


* See Synopsis. A, £, T, O, U, Y, FAR, FALL, W^HAT ;~PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete. 


HOP 


417 


HOR 


HOOD'MAN BLIND, n. A play in which a person blinded 
i’s*f,o catch another and tell his name j blindman’s buff. 

HOOD'ED, pp. Covered with a hood ; blinded. 

HOOD'WiiMK, V. t. 1. To blind by covering the eyes. 2. 
To cover ; to hide. 3. To deceive by external appear- 
ances or disguise ; to impose on. 

HOOD'-VVJNKED, pp. Blinded; deceived. 

HOOD'-VVINK-ING, ppr. Blinding the eyes ; coverWg j 
hfding ; deceiving. 

HOOF, n. [Sax. hof.] 1. The horny substance that covers 
or terminatf*s, the feet of certain animals. 2. An animal ; 
a beast. H'ashington. 

HOOF, V. t. To walk, as cattle. [Little used.] Scott. 

HOOF'-BO UN D, a. A horse is said to be hoof-hound when 
lie has a pain in the fore-feet, occasioned by tlie dryness 
and contraction of the horn of the quarters, which strait- 
ens the quarters of the heels, and often makes him lame. 
Far. Diet. 

HOOFED, a. Furnished with hoofs. Grew. 

HOOK, n. [Sax. hoc.] 1. A piece of iron or other metal 
bent into a curve for catching, holding and sustaining any 
thing. 2. A snare ; a trap. 3. [VV. hoc, a sythe.] A 
curved instrument for cutting grass or grain ; a sickle. 4. 
That part of a hinge which is fixed or inserted in a post. 

5. A forked timber in a ship, placed on the keel. 6. A 
catch ; an advantage. — 7. In husbandry, a field sown two 
years running ; [local.] jiinsworth. — By hook and by crook, 
one way or other ; by any means, direct or indirect. 
Dry den. 

HOOK, V. t. 1. To catch with a hook. 2. To seize and 
draw, as with a hook. 3. To fasten with a hook. 4. To 
entrap ; to insnare. 5. To draw by force or artifice. 

HOOK, V. i. To bend ; to be curving. 

H66K'ED, a. 1. Bent into the form of a hook ; curvated. 
2. Bent ; curvated ; aquiline. 

HOOKED, pp. Caught with a hook ; fastened with a hook. 

H60K'ED-NESS, 71. A state of being bent like a hook. 

H06k'ING, ppr. Catching with a hook ; fastening with a 
hook. 

HOOK'NoSED, a. Having a curvated or aquiline nose. 
Shak. 

HOOKEY, a. Full of hooks ; pertaining to hooks. 

HOOP, 71. [D. hoep, hoepel.] 1. A band of wood or metal 
used to confine the staves of casks, tubs, &c. or for other 
similar purposes. 2. A piece of whalebone in the form of 
a circle or ellipsis, used formerly by females to extend 
their petticoats ; a farthingale. 3. Something resembling 
a hoop ; a ring ; any thing circular. 

HOOP, V. t. 1. To bind or fasten with hoops. 2. To clasp ; 
to encircle ; to surround. Shak. 

HOOP, t;. i. [Sax. heafian, heofian.] To shout; to utter a 
loud cry, or a particular sound by way of call or pursuit. 

HOOP, V. t. 1. To drive with a shout or outcry. Shak. 2. 
To call by a shout or hoop. 

HOOP, 71. [Sw. hof.] 1. A shout ; also, a measure, equal 
to a peck. 2. The hoopoe. 

HOOP'ER, 71. One who hoops casks or tubs ; a cooper. 

ho6ptng, ppr. Fastening with hoops. 

HOOP'INfc, ppr. Crying out ; shouting. 

HOOP'ING-COUGH, n. A cough in wliich the patient 
hoops or whoops, with a deep inspiration of breath. 

HOOFOO’ 1 hiippe.] A bird of the genus 7ipupa. 

HOO-RX', ) exclam. [Sw. Imrra.] A shout of joy or ex- 

HOO-RAW^, ^ ultation. [This is the genuine English 
word, for which we find in books Huzza.] 

HOOT, V. i. [W. hwd, or hwt.] 1. To cry out' or shout in 
contempt. 2. To cry, as an owl. Dryden. 

HOOT, V. t. To drive with cries or shouts uttered in con- 
tempt. Swift. 

HOOT, n. A cry or shout in contempt. Olanville. 

HOOT'ING, 71. A shouting ; clamor. 

HOP, 77 . i. [Sax. hoppan.] 1. To leap, or spring on one leg. 

2. To leap ; to spring forward by leaps ; to skip, as birds. 

3. To walk lame ; to limp ; to halt. [We generally use 
hobbled] 4. To move by leaps or starts, as the blood in 
the veins ; [ois.] 5. To spring ; to leap ; to frisk about. 

6. To dance. 

HOP, 7 J. 1. A leap on one leg ; a leap ; a jump ; a spring. 
2. A dance ; [colloquial.] 

HOP, n. [U. hop.] A plant used in brewing. 

HOP, 77. t. To impregnate with hops. Mortimer. 

HOP'BIND, n. The stalk or vine on which hops grow. 

HOP'OAST, 71. In Kent, a kiln for drying hops. 

HOP'POLE, 71. A pole used to support hops. 

HOP'-PI€K-ER, n. One that picks hops. 

HOFVINE, n. The stalk of hops. 

HOP'-YARD, or H0P'-GAR-DEN,'77. A field or inclosure 
where hops are raised. 

HOPE, 77. [Sax. Aoprt.] 1. A desire of some good, accom- 
panied with at least a slight expectation of obtaining it, 
or a belief that it is obtainable. Hope differs from 7oish 
and desire in this, that it implies some expectation of ob- 
taining the good desired, or the possibility of possessing 


it, Hope, therefore, always gives pleasure or joy ; where- 
as wish and desire may produce or be accompanied with 
pain and anxiety. 2. Confidence in a future event ; the 
highest degree of well-founded expectation of good. 3. 
lliat which gives hope ; he or that which furnishes 
ground of expectation, or promises desired good. 4. An 
opinion or belief not amounting to certainty, but grounded 
on substantial evidence. 

HOPE, 77. 7. [feax. hopian.] 1. To cherish a desire of good, 
with some expectation of obtaining it, or a belief that it is 
obtainable. 2. To place confidence in ; to trust in with 
confident expectation of good. 

HOPE, V. t. To desire with exiiectation of good, or a belief 
that it may be obtained. 

t HOPE, 71. A sloping plain between ridges of mountains. 

Hoped, pp. Desired with expectation. 

HoPE'FUL, a. 1. Having qualities which excite hope ; 
promising or giving ground to expect good or success. 2. 
Full of hope or desire, with expectation. 

HoPE'F(IL-LY, ado. I. In a manner to raise hope ; in a 
way promising good. 2. In a manner to produce a favor- 
able opinion respecting some good at the present time. 3. 
With hope ; with ground to expect. 

HoPE'FlJL-NESS, ii. Promise of good ; ground to expect 
what is desirable. WoUon. 

HoPE'LESS, a. 1. Destitute of hope ; having no expecta- 
tion of that which is desirable ; despairing. 2. Giving no 
ground of hope or expectation of good ; promising nothing 
desirable ; desperate. 

HoPE'LESS-LY, adv. Without hope. Beaumont. 

HoPE'LESS-NEtSS, n. A state of being desperate, or afford- 
ing no hope. 

HoP'ER, 71. One that hopes. Shak. 

HoP'ING, ppr. ]. Having hope. 2. Confiding in. 

HoP'TNG-LY, adv. Witli hope or desire of good. 

HOP'LITE, 71. [Gr. bir'kiTyg.] In ancient Greece, a heavy- 
armed soldier. Mitford. 

HOP'PER, 71. 1. One who hops, or leaps on one leg. 2. A 
wooden trough through which grain passes into a mill ; 
so named from its moving or shaking. 3. A vessel in 
which seed-corn is carried for sowing. 

HOP'PERS, 71. A play in which persons hop or leap on one 
leg. Johnson. 

HOP'PET, 77. A basket. 

HOP'PING, pqjr. Leaping on one leg ; dancing. 

HOP'PING, 71. A dancing ; a meeting for dancing. 

HOPTLE, V. t. To tie the feet near together to prevent 
leaping. 

HOP SCOTCH, 77. A game. See Hoppers. 

HO'RAL, a. [L. hoi'a.] Relating to an hour. 

t Ho'RAL-LY, adv. Hourly. 

Ho'RA-RY, a. [h. hoi'arius.] 1. Pertaining to an hour; 
noting the hours. 2. Continuing an hour. 

HoRD, i n. [D. hoi'de.] A company of wandering people 

Horde, \ dwelling in tents or wagons, and migrating 
from place to place. 

HORE, 71 . [Sax. hure ; D. hoer ; Ban. hore. The common 
orthography, whore, is corrupt.] A woman, married or sin- 
gle, who indulges unlawful sexual intercourse ; also, a 
prostitute ; a common woman ; a harlot ; a woman of ill 
fame. 

HORE, v.i. To indulge unlawful sexual commerce, as a 
male or female ; to be habitually lewd. 

HoRE'DoM, 77 . 1. The practice of unlawful sexual com- 
merce ; habitual or customary lewdness of males or fe- 
males. — 2. In Scripture, idolatry. 

HoRE'MAS-TER, i n. A man who is addicted to lewdness 

HoRE'MoN-GER, i or frequently indulges in unlawful 
sexual intercourse. 

HoRE/SoN, 77. A bastard ; the son of a hore. 

HoR'lSH, a. Lewd; unchaste; loose. 

HoR'ISII-LY, adv. Lewdly ; iinchastely. 

IIoRE'HOUND, 77. [Sax. hara-hune.] The 
plants of different genera. 

*HOR'I-ZON, or HO-Rl'ZON, 7?. [Gr. opi^ow ; Fv. hori- 
zon ; Sp. horitonte.] The line that termin;ites the view, 
when extended on the surface of the earth ; or a great 
circle of the sphere, dividing the world into two paits or 
hemispheres — the upper hemisphere, winch is visible, 
and the lower, which is hid. The horizon is sensible, and 
rational or real. The sensible, apparent or visible horizon 
is a lesser circle of the sphere, which divides the visible 
part of the sphere from the invisible. Tlu3 rational, true 
or astronomical horizon, is a great circle whose plane 
passes through the centre, of the earth, and whose poles 

are the zenith and nadir. . 

HOR-I-ZON'TAL, a. 1. Pertaining to the honzon, or re- 
lating to it. 2. Parallel to the horizon ; on a level. 

nOR-l-ZON<TAL-LY, adv. In a direction parallel to the 

HOR-I-^ON-'^^ n- The state of being horizontal. 

SSrN, 77 Kx , G. Han. horn.] 1. A hard substance 


name of several 


e Synopsis. 


MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH j TH as m this, f Obsolete 


HOR 


418 HOR 


growing on the heads of certain animals, and particularly 
on cloven-footed quadrupeds, usually projecting to some 
length, and terminating in a point. Horns serve for 
weapons. 2. A wind instrument of music made of liorn ; 
a trumpet. — 3. In modern times, a wind instrument made 
of metal. 4. An extremity of the moon, when it is wax- 
ing or waning, ana forming a crescent. 5. The feeler or 
antenna of an insect. G. Tlie feeler of a snail, which 
may be withdrawn. 7. A drinking cup, horns being used 
anciently for cups. 8. A winding stream. Drydcn. 9. 
Horns, in the plural, is used to characterize a cuckold. 
— 10. In Scripture, horn is a symbol of strength or power. 

HORN'BeAK, n. A fish. See Hounfish. 

H0RN'BE-!\M, n. A genus of trees. 

IIORN'BILL, n. A fowl of the genus bnceros. 

HOR.VBLEND, n. [G. horn and blende.] A mineral of sev- 
eral varieties, called, by Ilaiiy, amphibole. 

IIORi\'BLoW-ER, n. One that blows a horn. 

HORN BOOK, n. The first book of children, or that in 
which they learn their letters and rudiments ; so called 
from its cover of horn. [Mom little ws^d.] 

IIORN'-DIS-TEM-PER, n. A disease of cattle, affecting the 
internal substance of the horn. Encyc. 

HORNED, a. 1. Furnished with horns. 2. Shaped like a 
crescent or the new moon. Milton. 

HORN'ED-NESS, n. Tlie appearance of horns. 

HORNIER, n. I. One who works or deals in horns. Grew. 

2. One who winds or blows the horn. Sherwood. 

HORN'ET, n. [Sax. hyrnett, hyrnete.] An insect, much 

larger and stronger than the wasp, and whose sting gives 
severe pain. 

HORN FISH, n. The garfish or sea-needle. Encyc. 

HORN'FOOT, a. Having a hoof j hoofed. Hakeioill. 

HORNT-F^, V. t. To bestow horns upon. [Aot used, or 
vulgar.] Beaumont. 

HORN'ING, n. Appearance of the moon when increasing, 
or in the form of a crescent. Gregm-y. 

HORN'ISH, a. Somewhat like horn ; hard. Sandys. 

HORN'LESS, a. Having no horns. Journ. of Science. 

HORN'MER-€U-RY, n. iMuriate of mercury. 

HORN'OVVL, n. A species of owl. 

HORN'PiPE, 11 . 1. An instrument of music in Wales. 2. 
An air or tune of triple time, with six crotchets in a bar. 

3. A kind of dance. 

HORN'SHaV-INGS, n. Scrapings or raspings of the horns 
of deer. B. .Johnson. 

HORN'SIL-VER, n. Muriate of silver. 

HORN'SPOON, n. A spoon made of horn. 

HORN'SLATE, n. A gray, siliceous stone. Kincan. 

HORN'STONE, n. A siliceous stone. 

HORN' Work, n. In fortification , an outwork composed of 
two demi-bastions joined by a curtain. 

HORN'Y, a. 1. Consisting of horn or horns. 2. Resem- 
bling horn. 3. Hard j callous. 

HO-ROG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. u»pa and ypajjfuo.] 3. An ac- 
count of hours. 2. The art of constructing dials. Cyc. 

* Ho'RO-LOGEl, or HOR'O-LOGE, n. [Fr. horloge.] An 
instrument that indicates the hour of tlie day. 

HO-RO-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to the horologe, or to 
horology. 

HO-RO-LO-GI-O-GRAPH'IC, a. Pertaining to the art of 
dialing. Chambers. 

HO-RO-LO-GI-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. <npa, ^oyos and ypa(p(o.] 
An account of instruments that show the hour of the day j 
also, of the art of constructing dials. 

* HO-ROL'O-GY, n. [Gr. wpoXoyrw.] The art of construct- 
ing machines for measuring and indicating portions of 
time. 

HO-RO-MET'RI-€AL, a. Belonging to horometry. Jisiat. 
Res. 

HO-ROM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. mpa and pcrpov.] The art or prac- 
tice of measuring time. 

HOR'O-SCOPE, n. [Fr. ; Gr. wpoaKorog.] 1. In astrology, 
a scheme or figure of the twelve houses, or twelve signs 
of the zodiac, in which is marked the disposition of the 
heavens at a given time, and by which astrologers for- 
merly told the fortunes of persons, according to the posi- 
tion of the stars at the time of their birth. 2. The degree 
or point of the heavens arising above the eastern point of 
the horizon at any given time when a prediction is to be 
made of a future event. 

IIO-ROS'GO-PY, n. The art or practice of predicting future 
events by the disposition of the stars. 

HORRENT, cr. [L horrens.] Bristled; standing erect, as 
bristles; pointing outward. ■Milton. 

HOR'RI-BLE, a. [Ij. horribilis.] Exciting or tending to ex- 
cite horror; dreadful; teiTible ; shocking; hideous. 

nOR'RT-BLE-NESS, n. The state or qualities that may 
excite horror; dreadfulness; terribleness; hideousness. 

HOR'RT-BLY, ndv. In a manner to excite horror. 

liOR'RID, a. [L. horridus. See Horror.] 3. That does or 
may excite horror; dreadful; hideous; shocking. 2. 
Rougli ; rugged. 3. Shocking ; very offensive. ‘ 


HOR'RID-LY, adn. In a manner to excite horror; dread 
fully ; shockingly. 

HOR'RlD-NESfc?, n. The qualities that do or may excite 
horror; hideousness; enormity. Jlammond. 

IIOR-RIFTG, «. \E. harrificus.] Causing horror. 

HOR-RlS'O-NOlh^, a. [L. horrtsonus.] bounding dreadful- 
ly ; uttering a terrible sound. 

HOR'ROR, n. [L.j 1. A shaking, shivering or shuddering, 
as in the cold fit which precedes a fever. 2. An excess- 
ive degree of fear, or a painful emotion which makes a 
person tremble ; terror; a shuddering with fear; terror, 
accompanied with hatred. 3. 'J'hat which may excite 
horror or dread ; gloom ; dreariness. Pope. 4. Dreadful 
thoughts. 5. Distressing scenes. 

HORSE, (hors) ?i. [Sax. /lors.] 3. A species of quadrupeds 
of the genus eqvus. The horse is a beautiful animal, and 
of great use for draught or conveyance on his back. 2. A 
constellation. 3. Cavalry ; a body of troops seiving on 
horseback. 4. A machine by which something is sup- 
ported ; usually a wooden frame with legs. 5. A wooden 
machine on which soldiers ride by way of punishment. — 
6. In seamerPs language, a rope extending from the mid- 
dle of a yard to its extremity, to support the sailors while 
they loose, reef or furl the sails. — To take horse. 1. To 
set out to ride on horseback. 2. To be covered, as a 
mare. 

HORSE, V. t. I. To mount on a horse. 2. To carry on the 
back. 3. To ride astride. 4. To cover a mare, as the 
male. 

HORSE, V. i. To get on horseback. Shelton. 

HORSE'BACK, (hors bak) n. The state of being on a horse ; 
the posture of riding on a horse. 

HORSE'BkAN, n. A small bean given to horses. 

HORSE'BLOGK, n. A block or stage that assists persons in 
mounting and dismounting from a horse. 

HORSE'BoAT, n. 3. A boat u.^ed in conveying horses over 
a river or other water. 2. A boat moved by horses. 

HORSE BOY, n. A boy employed in dressing and tending 
horses; a stable-boy. Knolles. 

HORSE'BRAM-BLFiS, n. pin. Briars; wild rose. Grose. 

HORSE'BREaK-ER, n. One whose employment is to oreak 
horses, or to teach them to draw or carry. 

HC>RSE'CHEST-NUT, n. A large nut, the fruit of a species 
of asculus ; or the tree that produces it. 

HORSE-CLOTH, n. A cloth to cover a horse. 

nORSE'CoHRS'ER, n. 1. One that runs horses, or keeps 
horses for the race. 2. A dealer in horses. 

HORSE GRAB, n. A crustaceous fish. Ainsworth. 

HORSE-Gu'GUM-BER, n. A large green cucumber. 

HORSE'DeAL-ER, n. One who buys and sells horses. 

HORSE-DRENCH, n. A dose of physic for a horse. 

HORSE-DUNG, v. The dung of horses. 

HORSE'-EM-MET, n. A species of large ant. 

HORSE'FaCED, a. Having a long, coarse face ; ugly. 

HORSE-FLESH, n. The flesh of a horse. Bacon. 

HORSE-FLY, n. A large fly that stings horses. 

HORSE-FOOT, n. A plant, called also coWs-foot. 

HORSE-GDXRDS, n. A body of cavalry for guards. 

HORSE-HAIR, n. The hair of horses. 

HORSE-HoE, V. t. To hoe or clean a field by means of 
horses. 

HORSE'KEEP-ER, n. One who keeps or takes care of 
horses. 

t HORSE'KNaVE, 71. A groom. Chaucer. 

HORSE-KNOPS, 71. plu. Heads of knap-weed. Grose. 

HORSE-LAUGH, n. A loud, boisterous laugh. 

HORSE-LEECH, n. 1. A large leech. 2. A farrier. 

HORSE'LIT-TER, n. A carriage hung on poles, which are 
borne by and between two horses. Milton. 

HORSE'LoAD, n. A load for a horse. 

HORSE-LY, 0 . Applied to a horse, as manly is to a man. 

HORSE-MAN, n. 3. A rider on horseback. 2. A man 
skilled in riding. 3. A soldier who serves on horseback. 

HORSE-MAN-SHIP, n. The act of riding, and of training 
and managing horses. Pope. 

HORSE-MAR-TEN, n. A kind of large bee. Ainsworth. 

HORSE-MATCH, n. A bird. Ainsworth. 

HORSE-MkAT, 71. Food for horses ; provender. 

HORSE-MILL, n. A mill turned by a horse. 

HORSE'-MIL-LI-NER, 71. [horse and milliner.] One who 
supplies ribbons or other decorations for horses. Pegge. 

HORSE-MINT, n. A species of large mint. 

HORSE-MUS-CLE, 71. A large muscle or shell-fish. 

HORSE-PATH, n. A path for horses, as by canals. 

HORSE-PLaY, 71. Rough, rugged play. Dryden. 

HORSE POND, 71. A pond for watering horses. 

HORSE'PURS-LANE, 7i. A plant. 

HORSE-RaCE, 71. A race by horses ; a match of horses in 
running. 

HORSE-Ra-CING, n. The practice or act of running horses. 

HORSE'RAD-ISH, n. A plant of the genus cochlearia, a 
species of scurvy-grass, having a rtxit of a pungent taste. 

HORSE-SHoE, 71. A shoe for horses, consisting of a plate 
of iron of a circular form. 


* See Synopsis, a, k, l, cl, U, Y, long.— FAB., FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BiPtD ;— f Obsolete. 


HOS 


419 


in 


HORSE'SHOE-HEAD, n. A disease of infants, in which 
the sutures of the skull are too open. 

HORSE'tiTKAL-ER, or HORSE'THIkF, n. A stealer of 
horses. 

HORSE'ST[NG-ER, n. The dragon-fly. 

HORSE'TaIL, n. A plant of the genus equisetum. 

HORSE T6NGUE, n. A plant of the genus ruscus. 

PIORSE'VETCII, or HORSE'SHOE-VETCH, n. A plant 
of the genus hippocrepis. 

HORSE' WAY, or HORSE'RoAD, n. A way or road 
which horses may travel. 

HORSE'VVHIP, n. A whip for driving horses. 

HORSE'WHIP, V. t. To lash ; JLo strike with a horsewhip. 

HORSEAVoRM, n. A worm that infests horses ; a bott. 

HOR-Ta'TION, 11 . [L. hortatio.^ The act of exhorting or 
giving advice ; exhortation ; advice intended to encourage. 

HOR'TA-TIVE, a. Giving exhortation j advisory. 

HOR'TA-TlVE, n. Exhortation; a precept given to incite 
or encourage. Bacon. 

HOR'TA-TO-RY, a. Encouraging; inciting ; giving advice. 

t flOR-TEX'Sl AL, a. [Ij. hortensis.] P'it for a garden. 

HOR'TI-GIJL-TOR, n. [L. hortus and cultor.] One who 
cultivates a garden. 

flOR-TI-GULT'U-RAL, a. Pertaining to tlie culture 
gardens. 

HOR'Tl-GULT-URE, n. [L. hortus and cultura.'\ The 
of cultivating gardens. 


of 


art 


II0R-T[-G(JLT'U-R1ST, 71. One who is skilled in the 


art 


of cultiv'ating gardens. 

HOR'T[J-LAN, a. [ L. hortulanus ."I Belonging to a garden. 

nOR TUS SlG'GUfe, n. [L.] Literally^ a dry garden ; an 
appellation given to a collection of specimens of plants, 
carefully dried and preserved. 

IIORT'YARD, n. An orchard, which see. 

HO-SAN'NA, V. [Heb.] An exclamation of praise to God, 
or an invocation of blessings. 

HOSE, 71 ; plu. Hosen, or Hose. [Sax. hos ; G. hose.'] 1. 
Breeches or trowsers. 2. Stockings ; coverings for the 
legs. 3. A leathern pipe, used with fire-engines, for con- 
veying water to extinguish fires. 

Ho SIER, (ho'zhur) n. One who deals in stockings and 
socks, &c. 

HO'SIPIR-Y, (h5'zhur-y) n. Stockings in general; socks. 

HOS'PI-TA-BFjE, a. \^h. hospiialis.] 1. Receiving and en- 
tertaining strangers with kindness and without reward 


kind to strangers and guests. 2. 


Proceeding 


from or in 

dicating kindness to guests ; manifesting generosity. 3. 
Inviting to strangers ; offering kind reception ; indicating 
hospitality. 

IIOSTT-TA-BLY, adv. With kindness to strangers or 
guests ; with generous and liberal entertainment. 

t HOS'PI-TAGE, 71. Hospitality. Spenser. 

^ HOS'PI-TAL, 77. [Fr. hop'itai.] 1. A building appropri- 
ated for the reception of sick, infirm and helpless pau- 
pers ; also, a house for the reception of insane persons, or 
for seamen, soldiers, foundlings, infected persons. Sec. 2. 
A place for shelter or entertainment ; [ois.] 

fHOSTl-TAL, a. Hospitable. Howell. 

IlOS-PI-TALT-TY, n. [Fr. hospitalite.] The act or prac- 
tice of receiving or entertaining strangers or guests. 

HOS Pl-TAL-LER, n. Properly^ one residing in a hospital 
for the purpose of receiving the poor and strangers. The 
Hospitallers were an order of knights who built a hospital 
at Jerusalem for pilgrims. They were called knights of 
St. John, and are the same as the knights of Malta. 

[ HOS'PI-TATE, V. i. [L. hospitor.] To reside or lodge un- 
der tJie roof of another. Grew. 

t HOS'PI-TATE, V. t. To lodge a person. 

Host, n. [Fr. hate, for hoste.] 1. One who entertains an- 
other at his own house, without reward. 2. One who 
entertains another at his house for reward ; an innkeeper ; 
a landlord. 3. A guest ; one who is entertained at the 
house of another. 

IIoST, 11 . [L. Iiostis.] 1. An army ; a number of men em- 
bodied for war. 2. Any great number or multitude. 

IIOrfT, 77 . [L. kostia.] In the Romish church, the sacrifice 
of the mass, or the consecrated wafer, representing the 
body of Christ. 

IIoST, V. i. To lodge at an inn ; to take up entertainment. 

[ Little used.] Shak. 

t Host, v. t. To give entertainment to. Spenser. 

ilOS'TAGE, 71. [Fr. otage.] A person delivered to an ene- 
my or hostile power, as a pledge to secure the perform- 
ance of conditions. 

HOSTE, 77. Hoarseness. Craven dialect. 

IIOS'TEL, HOSa’EL-LER. See Hotel. 

t IIOS'TEL-RY, 77. [Fr. hostelerie.] An inn. Chaucer. 

IIoST'ESS, 77. 1. A female host ; a woman who entertains 
guests. 2. A woman who keeps an inn. 

HoST'ESS-SHIP, 77. The character or business of a hostess. 
Shak. 

HOS'3’IE, 77. [L. hostia.] The consecrated wafer. Burnet. 

HOS'ITTjE, a. [L. hostilis.] 1. Belonging to a public ene- 
my ; designating enmity, particularly public enmity, or a 


HOU 

2- Possessed by a public enemy 

HOS 'JMI U tV ‘"'"v *" “ oostile manner. 

c ; L. hostilitas.] 1. The 

state of war between nations or states ; the actiins of an 

?ate^"iSy.’ ^nemy. 2. PrH 

r enemy. [Little used.] 

HOSI'I^G 77 . An encounter; a battle ; [little used.] Mil- 
ton.^ 2. A muster or review ; [o^;^*.] Spenser. 
^HOST'LER, (hos'ler, or osier) n. [Fr. hotelier.] The ner- 
smi who has the care of horses at an inn. 
t HoST'LESS, a. Inhospitable. 

po^T'RY, 77 . 1 . A stable for horses. 2 . A lodging house. 
HOT, a. [Sax. hat.] I. Having sensible heat; opposed to 
cold. Bot expresses more than warm. 2 . x\rdent in tem- 
per ; easily excited or exasperated; vehement. 3 . Vio- 
lent ; furious. 4. Eager; animated; brisk; keen. 5 . 
rr ’ l«wd. C. Acrid; biting; stimulating; pungent. 

^ of basket to carry turf or slate in. Grose. 

liOTE, Ilo'TEN, pp. Called ; named. Gower. 
no I 'BED, 77 . In gardening, a bed of earth and horsedung, 
covered with glass, intended for raising early plants, or 
for nourishing exotic plants of warm climates. 
HOT'BRaINED, a. Ardent in temper; violent; rash ; pre- 
cipitate. Dryden. 

IIOiCH'POT, )n. [Fr. hochepot.] 1. Properly, a min- 
IIOTCH'POTCH, i gled mass ; a mixture of ingredients.— 
2. In law, a mixing of lands. 

HOT'COG-KLEf?, 77 . yiZa. [qu. Fr. hautes coquilles.] A play 
in which one covers his eyes and guesses who strikes 
him. 

HO-TEL', 77 . [Fr. hotel.] 1. A palace. 2. An inn ; a house 
for entertaining strangers or travelers. 

HOT'HEAD-ED, 77 . Of ardent passions; vehement; vio- 
lent ; rasli. Arhathnot. 

HOT'HOUSE, 77 . 1 . A house kept warm to shelter tc<nder 
plants and shrubs from the cold air. 2. A bagnio, or place 
to sweat and cup in. 3. A brothel. 

IIOT'LY, titZt;. 1 . With heat. 2. Ardently; vehemently; 
violently. 3. Lustfully. 

HOT'iSlOHTHED, a. Headstrong ; ungovernable. 
IlOT'NESg!, 77 . 1. Sensible heat beyond a moderate do^ 
gree of warmth. 2. Violence; vehemence; fury. 
HOT'SPUR, 77 . LA man violent, passionate, heady, rash 
or precipitate. 2. A kind of pea of early growtii. 
HOT'SPUR, a. V'iolent ; impetuous. Spenser. 
HOT'SPURRED, a. Vehement; rash; heady. 
HOT'TEV-TOT, 77 . 1 . A native of the southern extremity 
of Africa. 2. A savage, brutal man. 
HOT'TEN-TOT-CHER'RY, 77. A plant. 

HOUGH, (hok) 77 . [Sax. /70/7.] 1. The lower part of the 

thigh ; the ham. 2. An adz ; a hoe ; [ 770 ^ in use.] 
HOUGH, (hok) v. t. 1. To hamstring. 2. To cut with a 
hoe ; [ 77 &A'.] 

HOU'LET, 77. An owl. See Howlet. 

HOULT. See Holt. 

PIOUND, 77 . [Sax., G., Sw., Dan., Scot, hund.] A generic 
name of the dog ; but in English it is confined to a partic- 
ular breed used in the chase. 

HOUND, r. t. 1. To set on the chase. 2. To hunt; to chase. 
HOUND 'FISH, 77. A fish, called iilso galeus Icevis. 
HOUNDS, 77. In seameiFs language, the projecting parts of 
the head of a mast. Mar. Jfict. 

IIOUND’S'TONGUE, n. A plant. 

HOUND'TREE, v. A kind of tree. Ainsworth. 

HOUP. See Hoopoo. 

HOUR, (our) 77. [L., Sp. hora ; Fr. heure.] 1. A space of 
time equal to one twenty-fourth part of the natural day. 
It consists of 60 minutes. 2. Time; a particular time. 
3. The time marked or indicated by a chronometer, clock 
or watch ; the particular time of t he day. — To keep good 
hours, to be at home in good season. — Hours, in the plur- 
ral, certain prayers in the Romish church. 

HOUR'GLAsSS, (our'gbiss) 77 . 1. A chronometer that meas- 
ures the flux of time by the running of sand from one 
glass vessel to another through a small aperture. 2. Space 
of time. 

HOUR'HAND, n. The hand or pointed pin Avhich shows 
the hour on a chronometer. 

HOU'Ri, 77. Among Mohammedans, a nymph of paradise. 
Johnson. 

HOUR'LY, (our'ly) a. 1. Happening or done every hour ; 

frequent; often repeated. 2. Continual. 

HOUR'LY, (our'ly) adv. Every hour; frequently. 
HOUR'PLATE, (our'plate) 7?. The plate of a time-piece on 
which the hours are marked ; the dial. Locke. 
f HOUS'AGE, 77. A fee for keeping goods in a house, 
t IIOUS'AL, a. Domestic. Cotgrave. 

HOUSE, (hous) 77. [Sax., Goth., Sw., Scot. ^77.<?.] 


I. A 


building mtended or used as a habitation ; a building or 
edifice for the habilation of man ; a dwelling-place, man- 
sion or abode for any of the human species. 2. An edi- 
fice or building appropriated to the service ofGod ; a temple ; 


* See Synopsis, MOVE, BOOK, DOVO-l ;— BTJTJi, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tki.s. f Obsolete. 


HOU 


420 


HUE 


a church. 3. A monastery ; a college. 4. The manner 
of living ; the table. — 5. in astrology, the station of a 
planet in the heavens, or the twelfth part of the heavens. 
(). A family of ancestors ; descendants and kindred j a 
race of persons from the same stock ; a tribe. 7. One of 
the estates of a kingdom assembled in parliament or legis- 
lature ; a body of men united in their legislative capacity. 
8. The quorum of a legislative body ; the number of repre- 
sentatives assembled who are constitutionally empowered 
to enact laws. — 9. In Scripture, those who dwell in a house, 
and compose a family ; a household. 10. Wealtli; estate. 
11. The grave. 12. Household affairs ; domestic con- 
cerns. 13. The body ; the residence of the soul in this 
world. 14. The church among the Jews. 15. A place of 
residence. 16. A square or division on a chess board. 

HOUSE, (houz) V. t. [Sw. hysa.^ 1. To cover from the in- 
clemencies of the weather ; to shelter ; to protect by cov- 
ering. 2. To admit to residence ; to harbor. 3. 'I’o deposit 
and cover, as in the grave. 4. To drive to a shelter. 

HOUSE, (houz) V. i. 1. To take shelter or lodgings ; to keep 
abode ; to reside. 2. To have an astrological station in 
the heavens. 

HOUSE BOAT, 71. A covered boat. 

HOUSE'BOTE, n. \^liousc, and Sax. hot.'] In law, a suf- 
ficient allowance of wood to repair the house and sup- 
ply fuel. 

HOUSE'-BREaK-ER, (hous'bra-ker) n. One who breaks, 
opens and enters a house by day with a felonious intent. 

I10USE'-BREaK- 1NG, (hous'bra-king) n. The breaking, 
or opening and entering of a house by daylight, with the 
intent to commit a felony, or to steal or rob. 

IIOUSE'DOG, n. A dog kept to guard the house. Addi- 
son. 

HOUSE'HoLD, 71. 1. Those who dwell under the same 
roof and compose a family. 2. Family life ; domestic 
management. 

HOUSE'HoLD, a. Belonging to the house and family ; do- 
mestic. 

HOUSE'HoLD-ER, n. The master or' chief of a family j 
one who keeps house with his family. 

HOUSE'HoLD-BREAD, n. Bread not of the finest quality. 

HOUSE'HoLD-STUFF, n. The furniture of a house j the 
vessels, utensils and goods of a family. 

HOUSE'KEEP-ER, n. 1. One who occupies a house with 
his family j a man or woman who maintains a family state 
in a house ; a householder. 2. A female servant who has 
the chief care of the family. 3. One who lives in plenty ; 
[ 065 .] 4. One who keeps much at home j [ 065 .] 5. A 

housedog ; [ofe.] 

HOUSE'KEEP-ING, a. Domestic ; used in a family. 

HOUSE'KEEP-ING, n. 1. The family state in a dwelling. 
2. Hospitality ; a plentiful and hospitable table. 

HOUS'EL, (houzi) n. [Sax. huscl.'] The eucliarist; the sa- 
cred bread. 

fHOUS'EL, v.t. [Sax. ?iuslian.] To give or receive the 
eucliarist. Chaucer. 

PIOUSE'LAMB, (hous'lam) n. A lamb kept in a house for 
fatting. 

HOUSE-LEEK, n. A plant. 

HOUSE'LESS, a. 1. Destitute of a house or habitation. 
Goldsmith . 2. Destitute of shelter. 

HOUSE'LINE, ) 71. Among seamen, a small line formed of 

HOUS'IiSiG, ) three strands. 

HOUSE'MaID, 71. A female servant employed to keep a 
house clean, &c. 

HOUSE'PlG-EON, n. A tame pigeon. Gregory. 

HOUSE'ROOM, 71. Room or place in a house. Dryden 

HOUSE'RaIS-ER, 71. One who erects a house. 

HOUSE'SNaIL, 71. A particular kind of snail. 

HOUSE'WARM-ING, 71. A feast or merry-making at the 
time a family enters a new house. 

*HOUSE'WlFE, 71. [house and icife ; contracted into hus- 
wife, hussy.'] 1 . The mistress of a family. 2. A female 
economist ; a good manager. 3. One skilled in female 
business. 4. A little case or bag for articles of female 
work ; pronounced Imi^zif. 

* HOUSE'WIFE-LY, a. 1. Pertaining to the mistress of 
a family 2. Taken from housewifery, or domestic af- 
fairs. 

HOUSE'WIFE-LY, adu. With the economy of a careful 
woman. Sherwood. 

* HOUSE'WIFE-RY, n. The business of the mistress of a 
family ; female business in the economy of a family ; fe- 
male management of domestic concerns. 

HOUSE'-WRiGHT, (hous'rite) n. An architect who builds 
houses. 

HOU5SED, jrp. Put under cover ; sheltered. 

HOUS'ING, ppr. 1. Covering ; sheltering. 2. Warped ; 
crooked, as a brick. 

HOLJS'ING, n. 1. Houses in general. 2. [Fr. A 

clolli laid over a saddle. 3. A piece of cloth fastened to 
the hinder part of a saddle. 

fHOUS'LTNG, a. Sacramental ; as, housling fire, used in 
the sacrament of marriage. Spenser. 


HOUSS, 71. A covering. [See Houiiwc^ Dryden. 

I HOVE, V. i. [Welsh, hofio, hovio.] To hover about; to 
halt ; to loiter. Gower. 

HOVf^, pret. of heave. 

HOV'EL, 71. [Sax. hof, hofe.] A shed ; a cottage : a mean 
house. 

HOV'EL, V. t. To put in a hovel ; to shelter. 

HoV'EN, pp. of heave. 

^HoV'ER, v.i. [W.hoviaw.] 1. To flap the wings, as a 
fowl ; to hang over or about, fluttering or flapping the 
wings. 2. To hang over or around, with irregular mo- 
tions. 3. To stand in suspense or expectation. 4. To 
wander about from place to place in the neighborhood, 
f HoV'-ER, 71. A protection or shelter by hanging over. 
HoV'ER-GROUJSD, n. Light ground. Ray. 

H6V-ER-ING, ppr. Flapping tlie wings ; hanging over or 
around ; moving with short irregular flights. 

HOW, adv. [Sax. hu.] 1. In what manner. 2. To what 
degree or extent. 3. For what reason ; from what cause. 
4. By M-hat means. 5. In what state. 6. it is used in a 
sense marking proportion. 7. It is much used in excla- 
mation ; as, how are the mighty fallen ! ^Sam. i. In some 
popular phrases, horo is supertiuous or inelegant. 
fHOW'BE, adv. Nevertheless. Spenser. 
f HOW-Bk'IT, adv. [how, be, and it.] Be it as it may ; nev- 
ertheless ; notwithstanding ; yet ; but ; however. 
HOV\''DY, n. A midwife. [Local.] Grose. 

HOW D’YE, how do you f how is your health ? 
HOW-EV'ER, adv. 1. In whatever manner or degree. 2. 
At all events ; at least. 3. Nevertheless ; notwithstand- 
mg ; yet 

HO'WITZ, ) n. [Sp. hobus ; G. haubitze.] A kind of 
Ho'WIT-ZER, ) mortar or short gun, mounted on a field 
carriage, and used for throwing shells. 

HOW'KER, 71. A Dutch vessel with two masts. 

HOWL, V. i. [D. huilen.] 1. To cry as a dog or wolf ; to ut- 
ter a particular kind of loud, protracted and mournful 
sound. 2. To utter a loud, mournful sound, expressive 
of distress ; to wail. 3. To roar ; as a tempest. 

HOWL, V. t. 7’o utter or speak with outcry. 

HOWL, 71. 1. The cry of a dog or wolf, or other like sound. 

2. The cry of a human being in horror or anguish. 
nOWL'ET, 71. [Fr. hulotte.] A fowl of the owl kind, 
which utters a mournful cry. 

HOWL'ING, ppr. Uttering the cry of a dog or wolf ; utter- 
ing a loud cry of distress. 

HOWL'ING, a. Filled with howls, or howling beasts; 
dreary. Addison. 

HOWL'ING, 71. The act of howling ; a loud outcry or 
mournful sound. 

I HOW'SO, adv. [abbreviation of ho^Dsoever.] Although. 
Daniel. 

HOW-SO-EV'ER, adv. [how, so, and ever.] 1. In what 
manner soever. 2. Although, 
t HOVVVE. The old word for hood. 

t HOX, V. t. To hough ; to hamstring. [See Hough.] Shah. 
IIOY, n. A small vessel, usually rigged as a sloop. 

HOY, an exclamation, of no definite meaning. 

HUB. See Hob. 

HUB'BUB, 71. A great noise of many confused voices ; a 
tumult; uproar; riot. Clarendon. 
t HUCK, V. i. To haggle in trading. 

HU€K, 71. The name of a German river-trout. 
HU€K'A-BACK, n. A kind of linen with raised figures on it. 
HUG'KLE, 71. [G. h'dcker.] The hip, that is, a bunch. 
HUU'KLE-BAUKED, a. Having round shoulders. 
HU€'KLE-BONE, n. [G. hdeker.] I’lie hip bone. 
HUCKSTER, 77. [G. hdeke, hdeker.] 1. A retailer of small ar- 
ticles, of provisions, nuts. Sec. 2. A mean, trickish fellow. 
IIUCK'STER, V. i. To deal in small articles, or in petty 
bargains. Swift. 

HUCK'STER-AGE, n. Dealing ; business. Jllilton. 
HU€K'STER-ESS, 7i. A female pedler. 

HUD, 71. The shell or hull of a nut. [Local.] Grose. 
HUDDLE, v.i. [In Ger. A77deZ7j.] I. To crowd; to press 
together promiscuously, without order or regularity. 2. 
To move in a promiscuous throng without order ; to press 
or huiTy in disorder. 

HUD'DLE, V. t. 1. To put on in haste and disorder. 2. To 
cover in haste or carelessly. 3. To perform in haste and 
disorder. 4. To throw together in confusion; to crowd 
together without regard to order. 

HUD'DLE, 71. A crowd ; a number of persons or things 
crowded together without order or regularity ; tumult ; 
confusion. Locke. 

HUD'DLE D, pp. Crowded together without order. 
HUD'DLER, 71. One who throws things into confusion ; a 
bungler. 

HUD'DLING, ppr. Crowding or throwing together in dis- 
order ; putting on carelessly. 

Hue, n. [Sax. hieice, hiw.] Color; dye. Milton. 

IIuE, in the phrase hue and cry, signifies a shouting or vo- 
ciferation. — In la7P, a hue and cry is the pursuit of a felon 
or offender, with loud outcries or clamor to give an alarm. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, U, Y, .— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete. 


HUM 


421 


HUM 


t H©ED, a. Colored. Chaucer. 

|Hu'ER, n. One whose business is to cry out or give an 
alarm. Carevs. 

HUFF, «. [Sp. chufa.'\ 1. A swell of sudden anger or arro- 
gance. 2 . A boaster. South. 

HUFF, V. t. 1. To swell ; to enlarge j to puff up. Oreto. 
2. To hector ; to bully ; to treat with insolence and arro- 
gance ; to cJiide or rebuke with insolence. 

HUFF, V. i. 1. To swell ; to dilate or enlarge. 2. To blus- 
ter ; to swell with auger, pride or arrogance 5 to storm. 
HUFFED, pp. Swelled ; puffed up. 

HUFF'ER, n. A bully ; a swaggerer ; a blusterer. 
HUFF'I-MESS, n. Petulance ; the state of being puffed uu. 
HUFFTNGjppr. Swelling j puffing up ; blustering 
HUFF'ISH, tt. Arrogant; insolent; hectoring. 
HUFF'ISH-LY, ado. With arrogance or blustering. 
HUFFTSH-NESS, «. Arrogance; petulance; bluster. 
HUFF'Y, a. Swelled or swelling ; petulant. 

HUG, i’. t. [Dan. 1. To press close in an embrace. 

2. To embrace closely ; to hold fast ; to treat with fond- 
ness. 3. To gripe in wrestling or scuffling. — 7"o hug the 
land, in sailing, to sail as near the land as possible. — To 
hug the wind, to keep the ship close-hauled. 

HUG, n. 1. A close embrace. 2. A particular gripe in wrest- 
ling or scuffling. 

HUGE, a. [D. hoog.'] 1. Very large or great; enormous. 
2 . It is improperly applied to space and distance, in the 
sense of great, vast, immense. — 3. In colloquial language, 
very great ; enormous. 

HCGE'LY, adv. Very greatly ; enormously; immensely. 
HuGE'NESS, n. Enormous bulk or largeness. 

Huge OUS, a. A low word for vast or enormous. 
HUG'GER-MUG-GER, n. In hugger mttgger, denotes in 
privacy or secrecy, and the word, adverbially used, de- 
notes secretly, [/t is a low cant word.~\ 

Hu'GUE-NOT, n. [The origin of this word is uncertain. 
It is conjectured to be a corruption of G. eidgenossen, con- 
federates.] A name formerly given to a Protestant in 
France. 

Hu'GUE-NOT-ISM, n. The religion of the Huguenots in 
France. Shericood. 

I IIO'G Y, a. [from huge.] Vast in size. Carew. 
t IIUISH'ER, n. [Fr. huissier.] An usher. B. Jonson. 
HUKE, n. [VV. hug.] A cloke ; a hyke. Bacon. 
jllULCH, «. A bunch. 

f HULCH'-BA€KED, a. Crooked-backed. Cotgrave. 
f HULCIIED, a. Swollen ; puffed up. Cotgrave. 
fHULCH'lS, a. Swelling; gibbous. 

I HULCIPY, a. IMuch swollen ; gibbous. Sherwood. 

HULK, n. [D. hulk ; Sax. hide.] 1. The body of a ship, or 
decked vessel of any kind. 2. Any thing bulky or un- 
w’ieldy ; [not wsed.] Shak. 

HULK, V. t. To take out the entrails. [Little used.] 
fHULK'Y, a. Bulky; unwieldy. 

IIULL, n. [Sax. hul.] 1. The outer covering of any thing, 
particularly of a nut or of grain. 2. Tlie frame or body 
of a ship. — To lie a hull, in seameids language, is to lie as 
a ship without any sail upon her, and her helm lashed 
a-lee. — To strike a hull, in a storm, is to take in tlie sails, 
and lash the helm on the lee-side of a ship. 

HULL, V. t. 1. To strip off or separate*the hull or hulls. 2. 
To pierce the hull of a sliip with a cannon ball. 

HULL, V. i. To float or drive on tlie water without sails. 
IIULL'Y, a. Having husks or pods ; siliquous. 
HO'LO-THE-ISM, n. [Gr. v\r} and Oeo^.] The doctrine or 
belief that matter is God, or that there is no God, except 
matter and the universe. 

IIUL'VER, n. [D. hulst.] Holly, a tree. Tusser. 

HUM, V. i. [G. hummen.] 1. To utter the sound of bees ; to 
buzz. 2. To make an inarticulate buzzing sound. 3. To 
pause in speaking, and make an audible noise like the 
humming of bees. 4. To make a dull, heavy noise like a 
drone. 5. To applaud ; [obs.] 

HUM, V. t. 1. To sing in a low voice. 2. To cause to hum ; 
to impose on ; [vulgar.] 

HUM, n. 1. The noise of bees or insects. 2. A low, con- 
fused noise, as of crowds. 3. Any low, dull noise. 4. A 
low, inarticulate sound, uttered by a speaker in a pause. 
5. An expression of applause. 

HUM, exclam. A sound with a pause, implying douot .and 
deliber.ation. Pope. 

IIU'MAX, a. [L. hum anus ; Fr. humain.] 1. Belonging to 
man or mankind ; pertaining or relating to the race of 
man, 2. Having the qualities of a man. 3. Profane; 
not sacred or divine ; [ 06 s.] 

t Hu'MAN-ATE, a. Endued with humanity. Cranmer. 
HU-MaNE', a. 1. Havingthefeelingsand dispositions proper 
to man ; having tenderness and compassion ; kind ; be- 
nevolent. 2. Inclined to treat the lower orders of animals 
with tenderness. 

HU-MaNE'LY, adv. 1. With kindness, tenderness or com- 
passion. 2 . In a humane manner ; with kind feelings. 
HU-MaNE'NESS, n. Tenderness. Scott. 

Hu'MAN-IST, 71 . 1. A professor of grammar and rhetoric ; 


a philologist. 2. One versed in the knowledae of human 
nature. 

HU-M ANT-1 Y, 7 j,. [L. humanitas.] 1 . The peculiar nature 
of man , by vyhich he is distinguished from other beings. 2 
Mankind collectively ; the human race. 3. I'he kind feel- 
tngs, dispositions and sympathies of man, by which he is 
distinguished fiom the lower orders of animals ; kindness ; 
benevolence. 4. I he exercise ot kindness ; acts of tender- 
ness. o. Philology ; grammatical studies. — Humanities, in 
the pi ural,siouities grammar, rhetoric and poetry; for teach- 
ing which there are professors in the universities e( Scotland. 

HU-MAN-I-Za'TION, 71. The act of humanizing. 

HuTMAN-IZE, V. t. To soften ; to render humane ; to subdue 
dispositions to cruelty, and render susceptible of kind feel- 
mgs. 

Hu'MAN-iZED, pp. Softened ; rendered humane. 

Hu'MAN-lZ-ING, ppr. Softening; subduing cruel dis- 
positions. 

Hu'MAN-KIND, n. The race of man ; mankind ; the hu- 
man species. Pope. 

Hu'MAN-LY, adv. 1. After the manner of men ; according 
to the opinions or knowledge of men. 2. Kindly ; hu 
manely ; [n^i^.] Pope. 

f IIU-Ma'TION, 71. Interment. 

HUM'BiRD, or HUM'MING-BlRD, 71 . A very small bird 
of the genus trochilus ; so called from the sound of its 
wings in llight. 

* HUJNPBLE, a. [Fr. humble ; L. humilis.] 1 . Low’ ; opposed 
to high or lofty. Cotcley. 2. Low’ ; opposed to lofty ox great ; 
mean; not magnificent. 3. Lowly; modest; meek; sub- 
missive ; opposed to proud, haughty, arroga nt or assuming. 

*HUM'BLE, v.t. 1. Ifo abase; to reduce to a low state. 
2. To crush ; to break ; to subdue. 3. To mortify. 4 . 
To make humble or lowly in mind ; to abase the pride of; 
to make meek and submissive. 5. To make to conde- 
scend ; as, he humbles himself to speak to’thern. 0 . To 
bring down ; to low’er ; to reduce. 7. To deprive of chas- 
tity. Deut. xxi. — To humble one^sself, to repent ; to afflict 
one’s self for sin ; to make contrite. 

* HUM'BLE-BEE, 71. [G. hummel. It is often called bumble- 
bee.] 1. A bee of a large species. 2. An herb. 

* HUM'BLED, pp. Made low ; abased ; rendered meek and 
submissive ; penitent. 

^HUM'BjlE-MOUTHED, a. Mild; meek; modest. 

*HUM'BLE-NESS, 71. The state of being humble or low; 
humility ; meekness. Bacon. 

* HUM'BLE-PLANT, 71. A species of sensitive plant. 

* HUM'BLER, 71. He or that which humbles ; he that re- 
duces pride or mortifies. 

* HUM'BLES, or UM'BLES, n. Entrails of a deer. Johnson. 

jHUM'BLESIS, 72. [Old Fr. hurnblesse.] Humbleness; hu- 
mility. Spenser. 

* HUM'BLING,?!. Humiliation ; abatement of pride. Milton. 

'f'HUM'BLY, adv. 1. In a humble manner; with modest 

submissiveness; with humility. 2. In a low state or con- 
dition ; without elevation. 

HUM'BOLD-ITE, 71. [from Humbold.] A rare mineral. 

HUMTUG, 71. An imposition. [j 1 low word.] 

HUM'DRUM, a. [qu. hum, and drone.] Dull ; stupid. 

HUM'DRUM, 71. A stupid fellow ; a drone. 

HU-MEOT', iv.t. [1 j. humecto.] To moisten ; to W’et ; 

IIU-ME€’'TATE, ^ to water. [Little used.] Brown. 

HU-MEG-Ta'TION, 71. The act of moistening, w’etting or 
watering. [Little used.] Bacon. 

ITU-ME€'TIVE, a. Having the power to moisten. 

Hu'ME-RAL, a. [Fr.] Belonging to the shoulder. 

HUMTIUM, 71. A kind of plain, coarse India cloth, made 
of cotton. 


HU-MI-€U-Ba'TION, 71. [L. humus and cubo.] A lying on 
the ground. [Little usedJ Bramhall. 

IIu'MlD, a. [L. humidus.] 1. Moist; damp; containing 
sensible moisture. 2. Somewhat w et or watery. 

HU-MIDTTY, 71 . ]. Moisture ; dampness ; a moderate de- 
gree of wetness. 2 . IMoisture in the form of visible vapor, 
or perceptible in the air. 

HU^MTD-NESS, n. Humidity. 

HU-MILT-ATE, v. t. [L. hurnilio.] To humble ; to low’er 
in condition ; to depress. Eaton. 

HU-MILT-A-TED, pp. Humbled; depressed; degraded. 

HU-MILT-A-TING, ppr. 1. Humbling; depressing. 2. a 
Abating pride ; reducing self-confidence ; mortifying. 

HU-MIL-I-a'TION, 71. l.The act of humbling ; the state 
of being humbled. 2. Descent from an elevated state or 
rank to one that is low or humble. 3. Tlie act of abasing 
pride ; or the state of being reduced to lowdiness of mind, 
meekness, penitence and submission. 4. Abasement of 

pride ; mortification. , . 

t Hu'MILE, V. t. [Old Fr./mmilier.] To humiliate or humble. 

HU-MILT-TY, 71 . [L. humilitas.] 1. In ethics, freedom from 
pride and arrogance ; humbleness of mind ; a modest es- 
timate of one’s own worth. — In theology, humility con- 
sists in lowliness of mind ; a deep sense of <^ne’s own 
unworthiness in the sight of God. .... Act of submission. 

Hu'MITE, 71 . A mineral of a reddish brown color. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;-BIJLL, UNITE.-G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


HUN 


422 


IlUR 


HUM^MER, n. One that hums j an applauder. 

HUM'MING, ppr. Making a low, buzzing or murmuring 
sound. 

HUM'MING, n. The sound of beesj a low, murmuring 
sound. 

HUM'MING-ALE, n. Sprightly ale. Vryden. 

HUM'MUMS, 71 . plu. [Persian.] Sweating places, or 
baths. 

^Hu'MOR, n [L.] 1 . Moisture 3 but tlie word is chiefly 
used to express the moisture or fluids of animal bodies, as 
the humors of the eye. 2 . A disease of the skin 3 cuta- 
neous eruptions. 3 . Turn of mind 3 temper 3 disposition, 
or rather a peculiarity of disposition often temporary. 4 . 
That quality of the imagination which gives to ideas a 
wild or fantastic turn, and tends to excite laughter or 
mirth by ludicrous images or representations. Humor is 
less poignant and brilliant than wit ; hence it is always 
agreeable. Wit, directed against folly, often offends by 
its severity 3 humor makes a man ashamed of his follies, 
without exciting his resentment. 5 . Petulance 3 peevish- 
ness 3 better expressed by ill-humor. 6. A trick 3 a prac- 
tice or habit. 

* Hu'MOR, V. t. 1 . To gratify by yielding to particular incli- 
nation, humor, wish or desire 3 to indulge by compli- 
ance. 2 . To suit 3 to indulge 5 to favor by imposing no 
restraint, and rather contributing to promote by occasional 
aids. 

* Hu'MOR-AL, a. Pertaining to or proceeding from the hu- 
mors. Harvey. 

* riu-MORED, pp. Indulged 3 favored. 

^ Hu'MOR-ING, ppr. Indulging a particular wish or pro- 
pensity 3 favoring 3 contribu-ting to aid by falling into a 
design or course. 

*HU'MOR-lST, 71 . 1 . One who conducts himself by his 

own inclination, or bent of mind 3 one who gratifies his 
own humor. 2 . One that indulges humor in speaking or 
writing 3 one who has a playful fancy or genius. 3 . One 
who has odd conceits 3 also, a wag 3 a droll. 

* IIU'MOR-OUi?, a. Containing humor 3 full of wild or fan- 
ciful images 3 adapted to excite laughter. 2 . Having the 
power to speak or write in tiie style of humor 3 fanciful 3 
playful 3 exciting laughter. 3 . Subject to be governed by 
humor or caprice 3 irregular 3 capricious 3 whimsical 3 [06s.] 
4._Moist3 humid; [06s.] 

* IIU'MOR-OUS-LY, adv. 1 . With a wild or grotesque com- 
bination of ideas 3 in a manner to excite laughter or mirth 3 
pleasantly 3 jocosely. 2 . Capriciously 3 w'himsically 3 in 
conformity with one’s humor. 

* Hu'MOR-OUS-NESS, n. 1 . The state or quality of being 
humorous 3 oddness of conceit 3 jocularity. 2 . Fickle- 
ness ; capriciousness. 3 . Peevishness 3 petulence. 

* Hu'MOR-SoME, a. 1 . Peevish 5 petulant 3 influenced by 
the humor of the moment. 2 . Odd 5 humorous 3 adapted 
to excite laiuihter. 


Hu'M 0 R-S 6 ME-LY, adv. 1 . Peevishly3 petulantly. 2 . 
Oddly 3 humorously. 

HUMP, 71 . [L. umbo.'i The protuberance formed by a crook- 
ed back. 

HUMP'BACK, 71 . A crooked back 3 high shoulders. 

HUMP'BACKED, a. Having a crooked back. 

HUNCH, 71 . 1 . A hump 3 a protuberance. 2 . A lump 5 a 
thick piece. JYeto England. 3 . A push or jerk with the 
fist or elbow. 

HUNCH, V. t. 1 . To push with the elbow 3 to push or thrust 
with a sudden jerk. 2 . To push out in a protuberance 3 to 
crook the back. 

IIUNCH'BACKED, a. Having a crooked back. 

’^'HUNU'RED, a. [Sax. hund, or hundred.] Denoting the 
product of ten multiplied by ten, or the number of ten 
times ten. 

* HUND'RED, 71 . 1 . A collection, body or sum, consisting of 
ten times ten individuals or units 3 the number 100. 2. 
A division or part of a county in England, supposed to 
have originally contained a hundred families, or a hundred 
warriors, or a hundred manors. 

HUND'RED-CoURT, n. In England, a court held for all 
the inhabitants of a hundred. Blackstonc. 


HUND'RED-ER, n. 1. In England, a man who may be of a 
jury in any controversy respecting kind within the hund- 
red to whichfhe belongs. 2 . One having the jurisdiction 
of a hundred. 

HUND'REDTH, a. The ordinal of a hundred. 

HUNG, pret. and pp. of hang. 

ilUN'GA-R Y-WA'TER, n. A distilled water prepared from 
the tops of flowers of rosemary 3 so called from a queen of 
Hungary, for whose use it was first made. 

IIUN'GER, n. [Sax., G., Dan., Sw. hunger.] 1 . An uneasy 
sensation occasioned by the want of food 3 a craving of 
food by the stomach 3 craving appetite. 2 . Any strong or 
eager desire. 

IIUN'GER, V. i. 1 . To feel the pain or uneasiness which is 
occasioned by long abstinence from food 3 to crave food. 
2 . To desire with great eagerness 3 to long for. 

fHUxN'GER, V. t. To famish. 


HUN'GER-BIT, i a. Pained, pinched or weakened by 

IIUN'GER-BIT-TEN, j hunger. 

HUN'GER-ING, ppr. Feeling the uneasiness of want of 
food 3 desiring eagerly 3 longing for 3 craving. 

HUN'GER-LY, a. Hungry 3 wanting food. Shak. 

IIUN'GER-LY, o/ZtJ. With keen appetite. [Littleuscd.] Shak. 

iiUN'GER-STARVED, a. Starved with hunger 3 pinched 
by want of food. Vryden. 

t HUN'GRED, a. Hungry ; pinched by want of food. 

IIUN'GRI-LY, adv. With keen appetite 3 voraciously. Vry- 
den. 

HUN'GRY, a. 1 . Having a keen appetite 3 feeling pain or 
uneasiness from want of food. 2. liaving an eager desire. 

3 . Lean 5 emaciated, as if reduced by hunger. 4 . Not 
rich or fertile 3 poor 3 barren 3 requiring substances to en- 
rich itself. 

HUNKS, n. A covetous, sordid man 3 a miser 3 a niggard. 

HUNS, 77. [li. Hunni.] The Scythians who conquered Pan- 
/ nonia, and gave it its present name, Hungary. 

HUNT, V. t. [Sax. huntian.] 1 . To chase wild animals, par- 
ticularly quadrupeds, for the purpose of catching them for 
food, or for the diversion of sportsmen 3 to pursue with 
hounds for taking, as game. 2 . To go in search of, for 
the purpose of shooting. 3 . To pursue 3 to follow closely. 

4 . To use, direct or manage hounds in the chase. — hunt 
out or after, Xo seek 3 to search for. Locke . — To hunt from, 
to pursue and drive out or away . — To hunt down, Xo Ao- 
press 3 to bear dowui by persecution or violence. 

HUNT, V. i. 1 . To follow the chase. 2 . To seek wild ani- 
mals for game, or for killing them by shooting when nox- 
ious. 3 . To seek by close pursuit 3 to search. 

HUNT, n. 1 . A chase of wild animals for catching them. 
. 2 . A Imntsman 3 [«i»s-.] 3 . A pack of hounds. 4 . Puisuit 3 
chase. 5 . A seeking of wild animals of any kind for 


game. 

HUNT'ED, pp. Chased 3 pursued 3 sought. 

HUNT'ER, 71 . ]. One who pursues wild animals with a 
view to take them, either for sport or for food. 2 . A dog 
that scents game, or is employed in the chase. 3 . A 
horse used in the chase. 

IIUNT'ING, ppr. Chasing for seizure 3 pursuing 3 seeking; 
searching. 

HUNT'ING, ??. 1 . The act or practice of pursuing wild ani- 
mals, for catching or killing them. 2 . A pursuit 3 a seek- 
ing. 

HUNTTNG-HORN, n, A bugle 3 a horn used to cheer the 
hounds in pursuit of game. 

HUNT'ING-HORSE, ; n. A horse used in hunting. But- 
HUNT'ING-NAG, \ ler. 

HUNT'IxXG-SkAT, 71 . A temporary residence for the pur- 
pose of hunting. Gray. 

IIUNT'RESS, 77. A female that follows the chase. 
IIUNTSCMAN, n. 1 . One who practices hunting. 2 . The 
servant v/hose office it is to manage the chase. 
HUNTS'MAN-SIIIP, n. fl'he art or practice of hunting. 
HUR'DEN, 77. A coarse kind of linen. [Local, or 
liUR'DLE, 71. [Sax. knjrdel.] 1 . A texture of twigs, osiers 
or sticks ; a crate of various forms, according to its desti- 
nation. — 2. In fortification, a collection of twigs or sticks 
interwoven closely and sustained by long stakes. — 3 . In 
hiisbandry, a frame of split timber or sticks w'attled 
together, serving for gates, inclosures, &.c. 
riUR DUE, V. t. To make up, hedge, cover, or close with 
hurdles. Seward. 

HURDS, 77. The coarse part of flax or hemp. Sec Hards. 
HUR'DY-GUR'DY, 7?. An instrument of music, said to 
be used in the streets of London. 

HURL, V. t. [Arm. harlua.] 1 . To throw with violence 3 
to drive with great force. 2 . To utter with vehemence 3 
[)iot in 77S5.1 3 . To play at a kind of game. 

HURL, V. i. To move rapidly ; to whirl. Thomson. 

HURL, 77. 1 . The act of throwing with violence. 2 . Tu- 

mult; riot 3 commotion. Knolles. 

HURL'Bx^T, 77. A whirl-bat; an old kind of weapon. 
HURL'BONE, n. In a horse, a bone near the middle of 
the buttock. Encyc. 

HURLED, pp. Thrown wuth violence. 
nURIi'ER, 77. One who burls, or who plays at hurling. 
IIURL'ING, ppr. Throwing with force ; playing at hurling. 
HURL'WIND, 77. A whirlwind, which see. Sanebjs. 
HURL'Y, ) 77. [Dan. hurl om Imrl ; Fr. hurlu^ 

HURL'Y-BURL-Y, ^ hurlu.] Tumult 3 bustle 3 confusion 
• Shak. 


HUR rXH ' \ Hoora3 huzza. See IIoora. 

HUR'Rl-€ANE, n. [Sp. huracan, for furacan.] 1 . A most 
violent storm of wind. 2 . Any violent tempest. 

HUR'RIED, pp. Hastened 3 urged or impelled to rapid mo- 
tion or vigorous action. 

HUR'RI-ER, 77. One who hurries, urges or impels. 

HUR'RY, r. t. [lu. curro ; Fr. co77r7>.] 1 . To hasten 3 to 

impel to greater speed 3 to drive or press forward witli 
more rapidity ; to urge to act or proceed with more celer- 
ity. 2 . To drive or impel with violence. 3 . To urge or 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, Zon^.—FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— ^Obsolete. 


HUS 


423 


HYD 


drive with precipitation and confusion for confusion is 
often caused by hurry. — To hurry away, to drive or carry 
away in haste. 

HUU'KY, V. i. To move or act with haste 3 to proceed with 
celerity or precipitation. 

HUIMIV', V. 1 . A driving or pressing forward in motion or 
business. 2 . Pressure ; urgency to haste. 3 . Precipita- 
tion that occasions disorder or confusion. 4 . Tumult ; bus- 
tle 3 commotion. 

riUR KY-lN(j,;;/)r. Driving or urging to greater speed 3 pre- 
cipitating. 

HUR KY-JSKUR'RY, ado. Confusedly 3 in a bustle. 

HURST, n. [Sax. hurst, or h]jrst.'\ A wood or grove. 

HURT, V. t. ; pret.and pp. hurt. [Sax. hyrt.l 1 . To bruise 3 
to give pain by a contusion, pressure, or any violence to 
the body. 2 . To wound 3 to injure or impair the sound 
state of the body, as by incision or fracture. 3 . To harm 3 
to damage 3 to injure by occasioning loss. 4 . I'o injure by 
diminution 3 to impair. 5 . To injure by reducing in qual- 
ity 3 to impair the strength, purity or beauty of. 6. To 
harm 3 to injure 3 to damage, in general. 7 . To wound 3 
to injure 3 to give pain to. 

HUR'l', n. 1 . A wound 3 a bruise 3 any thing that gives pain 
to the body. 2 . Harm 3 mischief 3 injury. 3 . Injury 3 
loss. 

HURT'ER, n. One who hurts or does harm. 

HURT'ERS, n. Pieces of wood at the lower end of a plat- 
form, to prevent the wheels of gun-carriages from injur- 
ing the parapet. 

HURT'FUL, a. Injurious 3 mischievous 3 occasioning loss 
or destruction 5 tending to impair or destroy. 

HURT'FUL-LY, adv. Injuriously 3 mischievously. 

HURT'FU L-NESS, n. Injuriousness 3 tendency to occasion 
loss or destruction 5 mischievousness. 

I HUR'TLE, V. i. [from hurt.] To clash or run against 3 to 
jostle ; to skirmish 3 to meet in shock and encounter 3 to 
wheel suddenly. 

j HUR'TLE, V. t. 1 . To move with violence or impetuosity. 
Spenser. 2 . To push forcibly 5 to whirl. 

HUR'TLE-BER-R Y, n. A whortleberry, which see. 

IIURT'LESS, rt. 1 . Harmless 3 innocent 3 doing no injury ; 
innoxious. 2 . Receiving no injury. 

HURT LESS-LY, V^ 4 thout harm. [Little used.] 

IH'RT'LESS-A’ESS, n. Freedom from any harmful qual- 
ity. [Little used.] Johnson. 

HUS'BAXD, n. [Sax. husbonda.] 1 . A man contracted or 
joined to a woman by marriage. A man to whom a wo- 
man is betrothed. — 2. In seametJs language, the owner 
of a ship who manages its concerns iti person. 3 . The 
male of anitnals of a lower order. 4 . An economist 3 a 
good inannger ; a man who knows and practices the meth- 
ods of frugality and profit. 5 . A farmer 3 a cultivator 3 
a tiller of the ground. 

IIUS'BANl), V. t. 1 . I’o direct and manage with frugality 
in expending any thing 5 to use with economy. 2. I’o 
till ; to cultivate with good management. 3 . To supply 
with a husband 3 [little used.] 

HUS'BAND-A-BLE, a. Manageable with economy. 

HUS'BAND-ED, pp. Used or managed with economy 3 
well-managed. 

HUS' BA ppr. LTsingor managing with frugality. 

IIU.S'BAND-LESS, a. Destitute of a husband. 

HUS'BAXD-LY, G. Frugal 3 thrifty. [Little used.] 

IlUS'BAND-MAiV, v. 1 . A farmer 3 a cultivator or tiller of 
the ground 3. one who labors in tillage. 2 . The master 
of a family. Chaucer. 

HUS BAAD'-RY, 7t. 1 . 'I'he business of a farmer, 2 . Fru- 
gality 3 domestic ecoiioiny 3 good management 3 thrift. 
3 . (k'lre of domestic aftairs. 

IIUfsH, a. [G. husch.] Silent 3 still 3 quiet 3 as, they are 
husk as death. 

HUSH, V. t. 1 . To still 3 to silence 3 to calm 5 to make quiet ; 
to repress noise. Shak. 2 . To appease 3 to allay 3 to 
cal m. 

HUSH, V. i. To be still 5 to be silent. Spenser. 

HUSH,^ imperative cf the verb, used as an exclamation, be 
Still 3 be silent or quiet 5 make no noise — To hxish up, to 
suppress 5 to keep concealed. Pope. 

HUS! 1 'M 6 X-EY, n. A bribe to secure silence 3 money paid 
to hinder information, or disclosure of facts. 

HUvSK, ??. [qu. W, gwisg.] The external covering of cer- 
tain fruits or seeds of plants. 

HUSK, V. t. 7 ’o strip off the external integument or cover- 
ing of the fruits or seeds of plants. 

HUSKED, pp. 1 . Stripped of its husks. 2 . a. Covered with 
a husk. 

HUSKT-NESS, n. The state of being dry and rough, like 
a husk. 

HUSK'IXG, ppr. f?tripping off husks. 

flUSKTNG, n. The act of stripping off husks. 

IIUSK'Y, a. 1 . Abounding with husks 3 consisting of husks. 
2 . Resembling husks 3 dry 3 rough. 3 . Rough, as sound 3 
harsh 3 whizzing. 

IIU*;SO, n. A fish of the genus accipenser. 


m ^.fTartar, uswar.] A mounted soldier, or 
Jiorsmnan, in German cavalry. ’ 

of -John Huss, the reformer. 

wf Tr \ [contracted from huswife, housewife.] 1. A 
woman. a thrifty 

’i* fi'^stinge.] 1. A court held in Guild- 

thi before the lord mayor and aldermen of 

the city 3 the supreme court or council of the city 2 

held election of a member of parliament is 

HUS'TLE, (hus'l) v.i. [B. hutselen.] To shake together 
m confusion 3 to push or crowd. To shrug up the shoul- 
ders. Orosc. 

^IIUS'VVIFE, 71. 1. A worthless woman. [See Hussy.] 
Shak. 2 . A female economist 5 a thrifty woman. Shak. 
* HUS'WlFEj-y. t. To manage with economy and frucal'tv. 
^IIUS'WIFE-LY, a. Thrifty 3 frugal 3 becoming a house- 
wife. Tusser. 

HUS'WlFE-LY, adiy. Thriftily 3 like a good huswife or 
husband. 


HUS'WIFE-RY, n. The business of managing the con- 
cerns of a family by a female 3 female manageinent. 

HUT, n. [G. hntte ; D. hut.] A small house, hovel or cabin 3 
a mean lodge or dwelling 3 a cottage. 

HUT, V. t. 4 'o place in huts, as troops encamped in winter 
quarters. Smollett. 

HUT, V. i. To take lodgings in huts. T. Pickerhur. 
HUT'TED, pp. Lodged in huts. Mitford. 

HUT'TING, ppr. Placing in huts 5 taking lodgings in huts. 
HUTCH, 71 . [lY. huchc.] 1 . A chest or box 5 a corn-chest or 
bill 3 a case for rabbits. Mortimer . 2 . A rat-trap. 
HUTCH, V. t._To board 3 to lay up as in a chest. Milton. 
HUTCH-IN-.So'NI-AN, ii. A follower of the opinions of 
John Hutcliinson, of Yorkshire, England. 

HUX, V. t. To fish for pike with hooks and lines fastened 
to floating bladders. Eveye, 
t HUZZ, V. i. To buzz. Barret. 

HUZ-Za', 71 . A shout of joy 3 a foreign word, used in xcrit- 
ing only, and most preposterously, as it is never xised in 
practice. The word used is our native word lioora, or 
hncraw. Sec Hooka. 

HUZ-ZA', V. 1. To utter a loud shout of joy, or an acclama- 
tion in joy or praise. 

HUZ-Za', V. t. To receive or attend with shouts of joj'. 
Hy'A-CINTH, 71 . [L. hyacinthus.] 1 . In botany, a genus 
of plants, of several species. — 2 . In mineralogy, 'a mineral, 
a variety of zircon. 

Hy-A-CINTIFINE, a. Made of hyacinth 3 consisting of hy- 
acinth 3 resembling hyacinth. Milton. 

HY'AD8=, 71 . [Gr. vaSef.] in astronomy, a cluster of seven 
stars in the Bull’s head, supposed by the ancients to bring 
rain. 

IlY'A-LiXE, G. [Gr. {'uAn'o?.] Glassy 3 resembling glass 3 
consisting of glass. Milton. 

Hy'A-LITE, 71 . [Gr. luzAoj.] Muller’s glass. 
IIY'BER-NA-CL£, ) ( Hibernacle, 

HY'BER-NATE, > Sec J Hibernate, 
HY-BER-Na'TION. ) ( Hibernation. 

HYB RID, 71 . [L. hybrida.] A mongrel or mule 5 an animal 
or plant, produced from the mixture of two species. Lee. 
MY'BRID, ) a. Mongrel ; produced from the mixture 
IIyB'RI-DOUS, ^ of two species. 

Hy'DAGE, 71 . In laiD, a taxon lands, at a certain rate by the 
hide. Blackstone. 

IIY'DA-TID, 1 11. [Gr. liAaris-.] A little transparent vesicle 
HY'DA-TIS, ) or bladder filled with water, on any part 
of the body, as in dropsy. 

IlY'DRA, 71. [L. hydra.] 1 . A water serpent.— In fabulous 
history, a serpent or monster, represented as having many 
heads, slain by Hercules. 2 . A technical name of a genus 
of zoo])hytes, called polypus, or polypuses. 3 . A southern 
constellation, containing GO stars. 

HY-DRAC'ID, a. [Gr. vSeop, and acid.] An acid formed by 
the union of hydrogen wilh a substance without oxygen. 
HyDRA-GOGUE, (lil'dra-gog) n. [Gr. vSpayioyos.] A 
medicine that occasions a discharge of watery humors. 
HY-DRAN'GE-A, 77. [Gr. and ayyeiov.] A plant. 
IIY'DRANT, 71 . [Gr. ij 6 pan-o).] A pipe or machine, by 
which water is raised and discharged. 
Hy-DRaR'GIL-LITE, n. [Gr. vSwp and apyiAAo^.] A min- 
eral, called also wavelUte. 

IIY'DRATE, 71 . [Gr. I'Acop.] In chemistry, a compound in 
definite proportions, of a metallic oxyd with water. 
KY-DRAUL'jG, I a. [Fr. hydraulique ; h. hydra2ilicus.J 
HY DRAULT-GAL, i 1 . Relating to the conveyance of 
water through pipes. 2 . Transmitting water through 
pipes. 

HY-DRAUL'I€S, 71. The science of tlie motion and force 
of fluids, and of the constnictiou of all kinds of instru- 
ments and machines by which the force of fluids is ajipli- 
ed to practical purposes 3 a branch of hydrostatics. 


* Sec Synopsis. 


Move, book, dove 5— BTILL, unite.— € as K 3 0 as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


HYD 


424 


HYP 


H^-DREN'TE-RO-CELE, n. [Gr. vSwp, evrcpov and KJ7XJ7.] 
A dropsy of the scrotum with rupture. 

IIYD-Rl-OD'IC, a. [hydroffcn and iodic.] Denoting a pe- 
culiar acid or gaseous substance. 

HYD'RI-O-DATE, n. A salt formed by the hydriodic acid 
with a base. De Claubry. 

HY-DRO-€AR'BO-NATE, n. [liydrogen^ and L. carbo.] Car- 
bureted hydrogen gas. 

HY-DRO-€aR'B(J-RET, n. Carbureted hydrogen. 

HY'DRO-CELE, n. [Gr. Any hernia proceed- 

ing from water ; a watery tumor, particularly one in the 
scrotum. A dropsy of tlie scrotum. 

IIY-DRO-CEPH'A-LUS, n. [Gr. h^ojp and KC<^a\ri.] Drop- 
sy of the head. Coze. 

IIY-DRO CHLo'RATE, n. A compound of hydrochloric 
acid and a base ; a muriate. Jour a. of Science. 

Hy-DRO-€HLo'RIC, a. Hydrochloric acid is muriatic acid 
gas. Webster'* s Manual. 

IIY-DRO-CY'A-NATE, w. Prussiatej cyanuret. 

HY-DRO-CY-AN'IC, a. [hydrogen, and Gr. /cuavoj.] The 
hydrocyanic lUcid is the same as the prussic acid. 

IIY-DRO-DY-NAMTC, a. [Gr. vSwp and ovvayis.] Per- 
taining to the force or pressure of water. 

IIY-DRO-DY-NAM'ieS, n. That branch of natural philos- 
ophy whicli treats of the phenomena of water and other 
fluids. 

IIy-DRO-FLu'ATE, n. A compound of hydrofluoric acid 
and a base. 

IIY-DRO-FLU-OR'IC, a. [Gr. vStop, and L.fuor.] Consist- 
ing of fluorin and hydrogen. 

Hy'DRO-GEN, 71 . [Gr. vScop and yevvao).] In chemistry, a 
gas which constitutes one of the elements of water. 

IIY'DRO-GE-NATE, zj. t. To combine hydrogen with any 
thing. 

IIY'DRO-GE-NA-TED, pp. In combination with hydro- 
gen. 

HY'DRO-GE-NIZE, V. t. To combine with hydrogen. 

H Y'DKO-GE-NiZED, pp. Combined with hydrogen. 

Hy'DRO-GE-NIZ-ING, ppr. Combining with hydrogen. 

IIY-DROG'RA-PHER, n. One who draws maps of the sea, 
lakes or other waters 3 one who describes the sea or other 
waters. 

HY-DRO-GRAPII'IC, 1 a. Relating to or containing a 

IIy-DRO-GRAPIPI-CAL, ) description of the sea, sea 
coast, isles, shoals, depth of water, «fcc., or of a lake. 

HY-DROGMIA-PHY, 71. [Gr. and ypa0w.] 7’he art 
of measuring and describing the sea, lakes, rivers and 
other waters ; or the art of forming charts of the sea. 

IlY-DROG'U-RET, 71. A compound of hydrogen with a 
base. 

IlY-DROG^U-RET-ED, a. Denoting a compound of hydro- 
gen with a base. 

Hy'DRO-LITE, 71. [Gr. {i^wp and Xi0of.] A mineral. 

H Y-DRO-LOG'l-CAL, a. Pertaining to hydrology. 

HY-DROL'O-GY, n. [Gr. u^wp and Xoyoj.] The science 
of water, its properties and phenomena. 

IIY^DRO-MAN-CY, 71. [Gr. u^oip and pavreia.] A method 
of divination by water. 

IIY-DR0-MAN'TI€, a. Pertaining to divination by wa- 
ter. 

IIY'DRO-MEL, 71. [Fr. ; Gr. vSiop and pe\i.] A liquor 
consisting of honey diluted in water. 

Hy-DROAI'E-TER, 77. An instrument to measure the grav- 
ity, density, velocity, force, &c. of water and other fluids, 
and the strength of spirituous liquors. 

Hy-DRO-MET'RIC, \a. 1. Pertaining to a hydrometer, 

HY-DRO-MET'RI-CAL, I or to the measurement of the 
gravity, &c. of fluids. 2. Made by a hydrometer. 

IlY'-DRO APE-TRY, n. [Gr. vSiop and psrpov.] The art of 
measuring the gravity, density, velocity, force, &c. of 
fluids, ami the strength of rectified spirits. 

Hy-DRO-OX^YD, 77. [Gr. vSwp, and ozyd.] A metallic oxyd 
combined with water ; a metallic hydrate. 

HY'DRO-PHANE, 77. [Gr. vSiop and (paivu).] In mineralo- 
gy, a variety of opal made transparent by immersion in 
water. Kvrioan. 

HY-DROPH'A-NOUS, a. Made transparent by immersion 
in water. Kirwan. 

* HY-DRO-PHo'BI-A, 1 77. [Gr. vScop and (po(ieofxai.] A pre- 

H Y'DRO-PHO-BY, i ternatural dread of water; a 
symptom of canine madness, or the disease itself, which 
^s thus denominated. 

Hy-DRO-PHo'BIC, a. Pertaining to a dread of water, or 
canine madness. Med. Repos. 

HY-DROP'IC, ) a. [~L. hxjdrops Gr. {>5pw;//.] 1. Drop- 

IIY-DROP'I-CAL, \ sical ; diseased with extravasated 
water. 2. Containing water; caused by extravasated 
water. 3. Resembling dropsy. Tillotson. 

HY-DRO-PNEU-AIATTC, (hy-dro-nu-mat'ik) a. [Gr. vScop 
and TTvcvpaTiKos.] An epithet given to a vessel of water, 
W'ith other apparatus for chemical experiments. 


HY^DROP-SY. See Dropsy. 

HY^DRO-SCOPE, 77. [Gr. IScop and aKoireo ).] A kind of 
water clock. 

HY-DRO-STAT'I€, ) a. [Gr. iSwp and crrariKo^.] Re- 

IIY-DR0-STA3’'I-€AL, ^ lating to the science of weigh- 
ing fluids, or hydrostatics. 

HY-DRO-ST ATT-CAL-LY, adv. According to hydrostatic.^, 
or to hydrostatic principles. Bentley. 

HY-DRO-STAT'I€S, n. The science which treats of the 
weight, motion, and equilibriums of fluids. 

HY-DRO-SULPH'ATE, n. The same as hydrosulphu- 

7*€t» 

HY-DRO-SULPH'U-RET, n. A combination of sulphureted 
hydrogen with an earth, alkali or metallic oxyd. 

IIY-DRO-SULPH'U-RET-ED, a. Combined with sulphu- 
reted hydrogen. 

HY-DRO-THo'RAX, 77. [Gr. vScop and dojpa^.] Dropsy in 
the chest. Coze. 

HY-DROT'IC, a. [Gr. v^cop.] Causing a discharge of 
water. 

HY-DROT'I€, 77. A medicine that purges off water. 

HY-DROX-AN'THATE, 77. [Gr. vSwp and In 

chemistry, a compound of hydroxanthic acid with a 
base. 


HY-DROX-AN'THIC, a. An acid, formed by the action of 
alkalies on the bisulphuret of carbon. 

HYfl)RU-RET, 77. A combination of hydrogen with sulphur, 
or of sulphur and sulphureted hydrogen. 

HY'DRUS, 77. [Gr. t»owp.] A water snake. 

HY-e'MAL, a. [L. hiems.] Belonging to winter ; done in 
winter. 

t HY'E-AIATE, v. i. To winter at a place. 

HY-E-Ma'TION, 77. [L. /77e777o.] The passing or spending 
of ji winter in a particular place. 

HY-E'NA, 77. [L. fnj(Bna.] A quadruped. 

HY-GROAI'E-TER, 77. [Gr. vypoq and perpov.] An 
instrument for measuring the moisture of the at- 
mosphere 

HY-GRO-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to hygrometry j 
made by or according to the hygrometer. 

IIY-GROAI^E-TRY, n. The act or art of measuring the 
moisture of the air. 


HY'GRO-SCOPE, 77. [Gr. hypos and aKoireo).] The same 
as hygrometer. 

HY-GRO-S€OP'I€, a. Pertaining to the hygroscope. 

HY-GRO-STAT'I€S, n. [Gr. hypos and arariKT].] The sci- 
ence of comparing degrees of moisture. 

HYKE, 71 . [Ar.] A blanket or loose garment. 

HY-LAR'€HI-€AL, a. [Gr. h\rj and ap;^T7.] Presiding over 
matter. Halhjwell. 

IIY'-LO-Zo'I€, 77. [Gr. h\r} and ^w>7.] One who holds mat- 
ter to be animated. Clarke. 

HYAI, 77. A species of dog. Q.u. Shak. 

HY'MEN, 77. [L.] 1. In a77C7e77t 7777/t/7oZo^^, a fabulous deity 
supposed to preside over marriages. — 2. In anatomy, the 
virginal membrane. — 3. In botany, the fine pellicle which 
incloses a flower in the bud* 


* HY-AIE-Nk'AL, ) „ 

* H Y-AIE-Ne'AN, \ 

* HY-ME-Ne'AL, ) „ 

* HY-ME-Ne'AN, ] 

iiy'aie-nop-ter, ; 

HY-AIE-NOP'TE-RA, \ 
order of insects. 
HY-AIE-NOP'TE-RAL 


Pertaining to marriage. Pope. 

A marriage song. MUto7i. 

) 77. [Gr. hpyv and irrepov.] In ento- 
^ mology, the hymenopters are an 

, a. Having four membranous 


wings. 

HYMN, (him) n. [L. hy7nnus.] A song or ode in honor of 
God, and, among pagans, in honor of some deity. 

HYAIN, (him) 7;. t. 1. To praise in song; to worship by 
singing hymns. Milton. 2. To sing ; to celebrate in 
song. 

HYMN, (him) v. i. To sing in praise or adoration. 

HYMNED, (himd) pp. Sung ; praised ; celebrated in 


song. 

HYAINTNG, (him'ing) ppr. Praising in song; sing- 
ing. 

HYAPNIC, a. Relating to hymns. Do7ine. 

HYAI-NOL'O-GIST, n. A composer of hymns. 

HYAI-NOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. hpvos and Xoyoj.] A collection 
of hymns. Mede. 

HY-OS-CI-a'MA, 77. A vegetable alkali. Ure. 

HYP, 71. [a contraction of li7jpochondria.] A disease ; de- 
pression of spirits. 

HYP, V. t. To make melancholy ; to depress the spirits. 
Spectator. 

HY'-PAL'LA-GE, 77. [Gr. vTraXXayr/.] In grammar, a fig- 
ure consisting of a mutual change of cases. 

HY-PAS'PIST, 77. [Gr. vTraermoT?/?.] A soldier in the ar- 
mies of Greece, armed in a particular manner. 

HYTER, 1. Gr. vTrep, Eng. over, is used in composition to 


* Sec Stjywpsis. A, E, I, o, u, Y, long . — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


HYP 


425 


denote excess, or something over, or beyond. 2. n, A 
hypercritic ; [not uscd.'\ Prior. 

Hy-PE-KAS'PIST, 71. [Gr. un£paont(7r?7?.] A defender. 
HY-PEK'BA-TON, ) n. [Gr. vnep(iaTov.] In grammar, a 
IIY'PER-BATE, I ligurative construction, inverting 
tlie natural and proper order of words and sentences. 
HY-PER'BO-LA, n. [Gr. inup and /?aXXw.] In conic sections 
and geometry, a section of a cone, wlien the cutting plane 
makes a greater angle with the base than the side of the 
cone makes. IVebber. 


HY'-PER'BO-LE, n. [Fr. hyperbole; Gr. vnepfioXtj.] In 
rhetoric, a figure of speech which expresses much more 
or less than the truth, or which represents things 
much greater or less, better or worse, than they really 


are. 

HY-PER-B0L'I€, ) 71. 1. Belonging to the hyperbola ; 

IIY-PLR-BOL'l-GAL, ) having the nature of tlie hyper- 
bola. 2. Relating to or containing hyperbole ; exagge- 
rating or diminishing beyond the factj exceeding "the 
truth. 

II Y-PER-B0L'I-€AL-LY, adv. I. In the form of a hyperbola. 
2. With exaggeration ; in a manner to express more or 
less than the truth. 


Hy-1*ER-BOL'I-FORM, a. Having the form or nearly the 
form of a hyperbola. 

HY-PER'BO-LjST, n. One who uses hyperboles. 

HY-P£R'BO-LiZE, V. i. To speak with exaggeration. 

HY-PER'BO-LiZE, V. t. To exaggerate or extenuate. 

II\'-PER'BO-LOID, n. [hyperbola, and Gr. £4<3oj.] A hy- 
perbolic conoid. 

HY-PER-Bo' RE-AN, a. [L. hyperboreus.] 1. Northern; 
belonging to or inhabiting a region very far north ; most 
northern. 2. Very cold ; frigid. 

IIY-PER-Bo'RE-AN, 77. An inhabitant of the most north- 
ern region of the earth. 

IlY-PER-€AR'BU-RET-ED, a. Supercarbureted ; having 
the largest proportion of carbon. Silliman. 

HY-PER-GAT-A-LEG'TI€, a. [Gr. vn epKara'XrjKTiKos .] A 
hypercatalectic verse, in Greek and Latin poetry, is a verse 
which has a syllable or two beyond the regular and just 
measure. 

II Y-PER-CRITHG, 77. [Fr. hypercritiqiie.] One who is crit- 
ical beyond measure or reason ; an over-rigid critic ; a 
captious censor. 

IIY-PER-ORIT'IG, ) a. I. Over-critical ; critical beyond 

HY-PER-€RITT-0AL, ) use or reason ; animadverting 
on faults with unjust severity. Swift. 2. Excessively 
nice or exact. 

II\'-PER-€R1TT-CISM, n. Excessive rigor of criticism. 

HY-PER-Du'LI-A, n. [Gr. vnep and ^oaX£7a.] Super-service 
in the Romish church, performed to the virgin Mary. 

HY-PER'I-€0N, 77. John’s wort. Stukely. 

H Y-PEROIE-TER, 77. [Gr. vnep and perpov.] Any thing 
greater than the ordinary standard of measure. 

HY-PER-MET^RI-OAL, a. Exceeding the common meas- 
ure ; having a redundant syllable. 

IIY-PER-OX'VD, a. [Gr. vnep, and oxyd.] Acute to excess, 
as a crystal. Cleaveland. 

Hy-PER-OX'Y-GE-NA-TED, ) a. Super-saturated with ox- 

Hy-PER-OX'Y-GE-NIZED, \ ygen. 

IIY-PER-OX-Y-MU'RI-ATE, 77. The same as chlorate. 

H Y-PER-OX-Y-MU-RI-AT'10, a. The hyperozijmuriatic acid 
is the chloric acid. 

HY-PER-PHYST-€AL, a. Supernatural. 


Hy-PER-SAR-€ 0'SIS, 77. [Gr. hnepcapnaxTig.] The growth 
of fungous or proud fiesh. 

HY'PER-STENE, ) 77. A mineral, Labrador hornblend, 

Hy PER-STHENE, ) or schillerspar. 

Hy'PHEN, 77. [Gr. h(pev.] A mark or short line made be- 
tween two words to show that they form a compound 
word, or are to be connected ; as in pre-occiipied. 

IIYP-NOTTG, a. [Gr. {irn/oj.] Having the quality of pro- 
ducing sleep; tending to produce sleep; narcotic; sopo- 
rific. 

HYP-NOTTG, 77. A medicine that produces, or tends to pro- 
duce sleep ; an opiate ; a narcotic ; a soporific. 

HY'PO, a Greek preposition, vno, under, beneath ; used in 
composition. Thus, hyposulphuric acid is an acid contain- 
ing less oxygen than sulphuric acid. 

II V’-POB'O-LE, 77. [Gr. vno and /^aXXw.] In rhetoric, a 
figure in which several things are mentioned that seem 
to make against the argument or in favor of the opposite 
side, and each of them is refuted in order. 

HYP'O-GAUST, 77. [Gr. vnoKavarov.] I. Amongthe Greeks 
and Romans, a subterraneous place where was a furnace 
to heat baths. 2. Among the moderns, the place where a 
fire is kept to warm a stove or a hot-house. 

HYP-O-GHON/DRES, ) ^ „ 

HYP-O-GHON' DRY. ^ Hypochondria. 

HYP-O-GHON'DRI-A, 77. pZ77. [Gr. from tuto and ;\^ov5j9o?.] 
1. In anatomy, the sides of the belly under the cartilages 


HYR 


of the spurious ribs ; the spaces on each side of the epi- 
gastric region. 2. Hypochondriac complaints. 

^ a. 1. Pertaining to the hypochon- 

dria, or the parts of the body so called. 2. Atfected by 
adisease, a tended with debility, depression of spirits 

hVp o GH orf/n melancholy or low spirits. 

HI P-O-GHON DRI- AG, n. A person afi’ected with debili- 
ty, lowness of spirits or melancholy. 

HYP-O-GHON-DRi'A-GAL, a. The same as hypochondriac 

HYP-O-GHON-DRI/A-CISM, 77. A disease of meT charac- 
terized by languor or debility, depression of spirits or 
melancholy, with dyspepsy. 

HYP-O-GHON-DRi'A-StS, n. Hypochondriacism. 

HYP'O-CIST, 77. [Gr. oao/aortf.] An inspissated juice ob- 
tained from the sessile asarum. 


HY-PO-GRA-TERT-FORM, a. [Gr. vno, Kparrjp, and/o?*/??.] 
Salver-shaped ; tubular at top. 

HY-POGTII-SY, 77. [Fr. hypocrisie ; L. hyp 0 crisis ; Gr. ijttotc- 
puH?.] 1. Simulation ; a feigning to be what one is not ; 
or dissimulation, a concealment of one’s real character 
or motives; a counterfeiting of religion. 2 . Simulation;, 
deceitful appearance ; false pretense- 

HYP^O-GRlTE, 77. [Fr. hypocrite; Gr. inro/cpiref.] 1 . One 
wlio feigns to be what he is not ; one who has the 
form of godliness without the power, or who assumes an 
appearance of piety and virtue, when he is destitute of’ 
true religion. 2. A dissembler ; one who assumes a 
false appearance. 

HYP-O-GRIT'IG, ) a. 1. Simulating ; counterfeiting a 

HYP-O-GRITB-GAL, j religious character; assuming a 
false and deceitful appearance. 2. Dissembling ; con- 
cealing one’s real character or motives. 3. Proceeding 
from hypocrisy, or marking hypocrisy. 

HYP-O-GRITT-G AL-LY, adv. With simulation ; with a false 
appearance of what is good ; falsely ; without sincerity 

HY-PO-GAS'TRIG, a. [Gr. vno and yacryp.] 1 . Relating, 
to the hypogastrium, or middle part of the lower region of 
the belly. 2. An appellation given to the internal branch 
of the iliac artery. 

HY-PO-GAS'TRO-CELE, 77 . [Gr. vnoyaorpiov and 707 X 77 .] 
A hernia or rupture of the lower belly. Coze. 

HY-PO-Ge'UM, 77. [Gr. vno and yaia.'] A name given by 
ancient architects to all the parts of a building which 
were under ground. 

HY-POG'Y-NOUS, a. [Gr. vno and ywy.'] A term applied 
to plants that Iiave their corols and stamens inserted un- 
der the pistil. 

Hy-PO-PHOSTHO-ROUS, a. The hypophosphorous acid 
contains less oxygen than the phosphorous. 

HY’-PO-PHOSTHITE, 77. A compound of hypophosphorous 
acid and a salifiable base. Ure. 

HY-POS'TA-SIS, / 77 . [L. hypostasis. Properly, subsist- 

HY-POS'TA-SY, ) ence or substance. Hence it is used 
to denote distinct substance, or subsistence of the Father, 
Son and Holy Spirit, in the Godhead, called by the 
Greek Christians, three hypostases. 

HY-PO-STAT'IG, \ a. 1. Relating to hypostasi-s ; con- 

HY-PO-STATT-GAL, [ stitutive. 2. Personal, or distinct- 
ly personal ; or constituting a distinct substance. 

HY-PO-STATT-GAL-LY, adv. Personally. 

HY-PO-SUL'PHATE, n. A compound of hyposulphuric 
acid and a base. 


HY-PO-SUL'PHITE, 77. A compound of hyposulphurous 
acid and a salifiable base. 

IIY-PO-SULTHU-RIG, or HY-PO-SUL-PHu'RIG, a. Hy- 
posulphuric acid is an acid combination of sulphur and 
oxygen. 

Hy-PO-SULTHU-ROIJS, a. Hyposulphurous acid is an 
acid containing less oxygen than sulphurous acid. 

HY'-POT^E-NUSE, 77. [Gr. vnoreivovaa.] In geometry, the 
subtense or .longest side of a right-angled triangle, or the 
line that subtends the right angle. 

HY-POTH'E-GATE, v. t, [L. hypotheca.'\ 1. To pledge, 
and, properly, to pledge the keel of a ship. 2. To pledge, 
as goods. 

IlY-POTIFE-GA-TED,pp. Pledged, as security for money 
borrowed. 

HY-POTH'E-GA-TING, 27pr. Pledging as security. 

Hy-POTH-E-Ga'TION, 77. The act of pledging. 

HY-P0TH*E-GA-T0R, 77 . One who pledges a ship or other 
property, as security for the repayment of money borrow- 
ed. .Tudere Johnson. 

HY-POTH/E-SIS, 77. [L.] 1 . A supposition ; something 

not proved, but assumed for the purpose of argument. 
2. A system or theory imagined or assumed to account 
for what is not understood. 

HY-PO-THET'IG, \ a. Including a supposition; con- 

HY-PO-THET'I-G AL, \ ditional ; assumed without proof, 
for the purpose of reasoning and deducing proof. 

Hy-PO-THETT-GAL-LY, adv. By way of supposition 

HYRSE, (hurs) n. [G. hirse.] Millet. 

HYRST, 77. A wood. See Hurst. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— G as K ; O as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 1; Obsolete. 


icn 


426 


IDE 


H^'SON, 71. A spjcies of green tea from China. 

* HY^'SOP, ) ^,T/cIln^ ^ fiyssopus.] A plant, or genus 

HY'SOP, \ j of plants. 

HYS-TERMC, ) a. [Fr. hysterigiie,] Disordered in the 

HYS-TFll'I-CAL, I region of the womb 3 troubled with 
tits or nervous affections. 

HYS-TER'ICS, 71. A disease of women, proceeding from 
the womb, and characterized by fits or spasmodic afiec- 
tions of the nervous system. 


HY’S^TER-O-CELE, n. [Gr. varcpa and A sj)ecies 

of hernia, caused by a displacement of tl)e womb. A 
rupture containing the uterus. 

HYS^TE-RON PROT'E-RON, 71. [Gr. varepov and Trpore- 
pov.] A rhetorical figure, wlien that is said last which 
was done first. 

HYS TE-ROT'O-MY, n. [Gr. vorrpa and ro/777.] In snrgc- 
the Cesarean section. 

IlYTHE, n. A port. See Hi the. 


I. 


I is tlie ninth letter, and the third vowel, of the English 
Alphabet. TJiis vowel in French, and in most Eurojie- 
an languages, has the long fine sound which we express 
by e in me, or ce in seen, meek. This sound we retain 
in some foreign words wliich are naturalized in our lan- 
guage, as in machine, intrigue. Rut in most English 
words, lliis long sound is shortened, as in holiness, pity, 
gift. — The sound of i long, as in fine, kind, arise, is diph- 
thongal. — This letter enters into several digraphs, as in 
fail, field, seize, feign, vein, friend ^ and with 0 in oil, join, 
coin, it helps to form a proper diphthong. No English 
word ends with i, but when the sound of the letter oc- 
curs at the end of a word, it is expressed by y. 

As a nu.rneral, I signifies one, and stands for as many units 
as it is repeated in times j as, ll, two. III, three, &c. 
Among the ancient jR( 7 ?/mus, lO stood for 500 ; CIO, for 
1000 3 100, for 5000 ; CCIOO, for 10,000 3 1000, for 
50,000 3 and GCCIOOO, for 100 , 000 . 

I, formerly prefixed to some English words, as in ibidlt, is 
a contraction of the Saxon prefix ge ; and more generally 
tliis was written y. 

t,pron. [Sax. ic; Goth., D. ik ; G.ich; Sw.jag; Dzin. jcg; 
Gr. f/u) 3 L. ego; Port, eu ; Sp. 7/0; It. io ; Ft.je.'] The 
pronoun of tlie_ first person 3 tlie word which expresses 
one’s self, or that by which a speaker or writer denotes 
himself, it is only the nominative case of the pronoun 3 
in the other cases we use me ; as, / am attached to study 3 
study delights 7nc. In the plural, we use zee, and us, 
wliich appear to be words radically distinct from /. 
I-AM'BIC, a. [Fr. iambiqne ; L. iambicas.] Pertaining to 
the iambus, a poetic foot. 

I-AM'BIC, or I-AM'BUS, 71. [L. ; Gr. lappog."] In 

poetry, a foot consisting of two syllables, the first short 
and the last long, as in delight. — The following line con- 
sists wholly of iambic feet. 

He scorns] the force] that dares|his fujry stay. 
I-AM'RICS, 71. pin. Verses composed of short and long syl- 
lables alternately. Anciently, certain songs or satires, 
supposed to have given birth to ancient comedy. 
I-A-TRO-LEP'TIC, a. [Gr. mrpojand aArt^w.] That which 
cures by anointing. 

T'REX, n. [L.] The wild goat of the genus capra. 

FBIS, 77 . [Gr. and L.] A fowl of the genus tantalus, and 
vrallic order, a native of Egypt. 

I-Ga'RI-AM, a. [from Icarus.] Adventurous in flight 3 soar- 
ing too high for safety, like Icarus. 

ICE, n. [Sax. is, isa ; G. cts.] 1. Water or other fluid con- 
gealed, or in a solid state. 2. Concreted sugar. — To 
break the ice, is to make the first opening to any attempt. 
ICE, V. t. 1. To cover with ice 3 to convert into ice. 2. To 
cover with concreted sugar 3 to frost. 3. To chill 3 to 
freeze. 

ICE'BERG, 77. [ice, and G. berg.] A hill or mountain of 
ice, or a vast body of ice accumulated in valleys in high 
northern latitudes 3 a vast mass of floating ice. 
ICE'BLINK, 77. A name given by seamen to a bright ap- 
pearance near the horizon, occasioned b)'’ the ice, and ob- 
served before the ice itself is seen. 

TCE'BoAT, 77. A boat constructed for moving on ice. 
ICE'BODNI) a. In searnenis language, totally surrounded 
with ice, so as to be incapable of advancing. 

TCFi'BUTLT, a I. Composed of ice. 2. Loaded with ice. 
rCE'IIOUSE, 77. A repository for the preservation of ice 
during warm weather. 

ICETSLE, (Tse'Ile) v. A vast body of floating ice. 
TCETjAN1)-ER, 77. A native of Iceland. 

ICET-i \ND-IG, a. Pertaining to Iceland 3 and, as a 77 mm, 
the language of the Icelanders. 

TCE'PLANT, ??. A plant with icy pimples. Encyc. 
lOE'SPAR, 77 . A variety of feldspar. 

IGM-NEu'MOA", 71. [L.] An animal of the genus vlvcrra, or 
weasel kind. 

ICH-NO-GRAT’IT'IC, ) a. Pertaining to ichnography 3 
I0H-NO-GR APIIT-CAL, i describi)ig a ground-plot. 
IGH-NC/G'R A-PHY, 77. [Gr. ypa(pii}.] In perspec- 


* See Synopsis. A, 


live, the view of any thing cut off by a jflane i>arallel to 
the horizon, just at the base of it 3 a ground-plot. 

FCHOR, 77. [Gr. ^ watery humor, like 

serum or whey. 2 . Sanious matter flowing from an ulcer. 

I'CHOR-OUS, G. 1 . Like ichor 3 thin 3 watery 3 serous. 2. 
Sanious. 

ICH/THY-O-COL, j 7?. [Gr. and xoAAa.] Fish- 

ICH-TI! Y-O-COL'LA, i glue 3 Lsinglass 3 a glue prepared 
from the sounds of fish. 

I€H'THY-0-LITE, 77. [Gr. ix^og and At0of.] Fossil fish 3 
or the figure or impression of a fisli in rock. 

I€H^TIlY-O-L0G'l-€AL, a. Pertaining to ichthyology. 

1€H-THY-0L'0-GIST, n. One versed in ichthyology. 

leil-TIIY-OL/Q-GY, 77 . [Gr. ixOog and Aoyo?.] The sci- 
ence of fishes, or that part of zoology which treats of fishes. 

ICH-THY-OITFA-GOUS, a. [Gr. ^x^iiS and 0 ayco.] Eating 
or subsisting on fish. 

ICH-THY-OPIPA-GY, 77. The practice of eating fish. 

I€H-THY-01T1-THAL'MITE, 77. [Gr. ix^ng ando(},0a\pos-] 
Fish-eye-stone. 

FCI-CLE, 77. [i?ax. ises-gecel ; D. yskegel.] A pendent, con- 
ical mass of ice, formed by the freezing of water or otlier 
fluid as it flows down an inclined plane, or collects iji 
drops and is suspended. — In the noz-th of England, it is 
called ickle, 

I'CI-NESS, 77. 1. The state of being icy, or of being very 
cold. 2. The state of generating ice. 

FCING, ppr. Covering with concreted sugar. 

IG KLE, n. In tlie north of England, an icicle. Grose. 

t FGON, 77 . [Gr. eiKinv.] An image or representation. 

I-€OX'(J-€LAST, 77. [Fr. iconoclaste.] A breaker or de- 
stroyer of images. 

I-€ON-0-€LAfc'TI€, a. Breaking images. 

I-€ON-OG'RA-PHY, 77. [Gr. eiKwv and ypa^w.] The de- 
scription of images. 

T-€ON-OL'A-TER, 77. [Gr. ri/coiv and Aarpre?.] One that 
worships images 3 a name given to the Romanists. 

i-GON-OL'O-GY, 77. [Gr. cikwv and Aoyos.] The doctrine 
of images or representations. Johnson. 

T-CO-SA-IIk'DRAL, a. [Gr. eiKoai and i<5pa.] Having twen- 
ty equal sj^des. 

I-CO-SA-Hf.'DRON, 77 . A solid of twenty equal sides. 

I-€0-SAN'DEB, n. [Gr. tiKOOL and avrjp.] In botany, a 
plant having twenty or more stamens inserted in thecafvx. 

I-CO-SAN'DRI-AN, a. Pertaining to the class of plants 
icosandria. 

IC'TER-IC, / a. [L. ictericiis.] I. Afiected with the 

IC-TERfl-CAL, i jaundice. 2. Good in the cure of the 
jaundice. 

I€'TER-I€, 77. A remedy for the jaundice. Szeift. 

IC-TE-RPaTOU?, G. [L. 7 ctcr 77 s.] Yellow 3 having the 
color of the skin when it is affected by the jaundice. 

FCY, G. 1. Abounding with ice. 2. Cold 3 frosty. 3. 
Made of ice. 4. Resembling ice 3 chilling. .5. Cold 3 
frigid 3 destitute of affection or passion. 6 . Indifferent 5 
unaffected ; backward. Shak. 

FCY-PEARLED, a. Studded with spangles of ice. 

I’D, contracted from I zcozild, or I had. 

I-De'A, 77. [L. idea.] 1. Literally, that which is seen 3 
hence, form, image, model of any thing in the mind 3 that 
which is held or comprehended by the understanding. — 2 . 
In popular zise, idea signifies notion, conception, thought, 
opinion, and even purpose or intention. 3. Image in the 
mind. 4. An opinion 3 a proposition. 

I-Dk'AL, g. 1. Existing in idea 3 intellectual 3 mental. 2. 
Visionary 5 existing in fancy or imagination only. 3. 
That considers ideas as images, phantasms, or forms in 
the mind. 

I-DK'AL-ISM, 77. 7'he system or theory that makes ever)- 
thing to consist in ideas, and denies the existence of ma- 
terial bodies. Walsh. 

I-Dk'AL iZE, V. i. To form ideas. 

T-DK'AIi-LY, adv. Intellectually 3 mentally 3 in idea. 

t I-Dk^ATE, V. t. I’o form in idea 3 to fancy. Dozine. 

f Obsolete. 




I, O, U, Y, long.— V All, FALL, WHAT3— PR£Y 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3 - 


IBL 


427 


I-i)EN^TlC, ^ fl. [Fr. identique.] The same j not difFer- 

I-DEA^'TI-€AL, \ ent. 

I-DEX TI-€AL-LY, adv. With sameness. Ross, 

I-DEN'TI-CAL-NESS, n. Sameness. 

I-1)EX-T1-FI-Ca'TION, n. The act of making or proving 
to be the same. 

I-DEX'TI-FHiD, pp. Ascertained or made to be the same. 

I-DEN'TF-FY, V. t. [L. i</em and /«cto.] 1. To ascertain 

or prove to be the same. 2. To make to be the same ; to 
unite or combine in such a manner as to make one inter- 
est, purpose or intention ; to treat as having the same use j 
to consider as the same in effect. 

I-DEX'Tl-FY, V. i. To become the same j to coalesce in in- 
terest, purpose, use, effect, &c. 

I-DEX'Tl-FY-lNG, ppy'. 1. Ascertaining or proving to be 
the same 2. Making the same in interest, purpose, use, 
efficacy, &c. 

I-DEN 'l'l-TY, n. [Fr. identitc,'] Sameness, as distinguish- 
ed from similitude and diversity. 

IDES, n. pill. [L. idus,^ In the ancient Roman calendar.^ 
eigiit days in each montli ; the first day of which fell on 
the 13th of January, February, April, June, August, Sep- 
tember, November and December, and on the loth of 
March, May, July and October. 

ID-I-OG'RA-SV, n. [Gr. i6iog and icpacris’.] Peculiarity of 
constitution ; tiiat temperament, or state of constitution, 
which is peculiar to a person. 

ID I 0-€It 'VT’^ IC i 

j ^ OR YTT O *\L ( Peculiar in constitution. 

ID'[-0-GY, n. [Gr. i^twraa.] A defect of understanding ; 
properly, a natural defect. 

ID-I-O-E-LEO'TRIG, a. [Gr. and electric.'] Electric 
per se, or containing electricity in its natural state. 

ID'I-OM, 71. [Fr. idioms ; L. idioma.] 1. A mode of expres- 
sion peculiar to a language ; peculiarity of expression or 
phraseology. 2. The genius or peculiar cast of a lan- 
guage. 3. Dialect. 

ID-I-U-MATffO, ^ a. Peculiar to a language ; pertain- 

ID-I-O-MATff-OAL, | ing to the particular genius or 
modes of expression which belong to a language. 

ID-I-0-MAT'l-€AL-LY, adc. According to the idiom of a 


language. 

ID-I-0-PATD'I€, a. Pertaining to idiopathy ; indicating a 
disease peculiar to a particular part of the bodj'’, and not 
arising from any preceding disease. 

ID-I-O-PATH/I-OAL-LY, adv. By means of its own dis- 
ease or affections ; not sympathetically. 

ID-I-OP'A-TIIY, 71. [Gr. iSiog and 7ra0o?.] 1. An original 

disease in a particular part of the body ; a disease pecu- 
liar to some iiart of the body, and not proceeding from an- 
other disease. 2. Peculiar affection. 

ID-I-O-RE-PUL'SIVE, a. Repulsive by itself. 

ID-I-O-SYN'ORA-SY, n. [Gr. iSiog, ervv and xpacn?.] A pe- 
culiar temperament or organization of a bouy, by which 
it is rendered more liable to certain disorders than bodies 
differently constituted. 

ID'I-OT, n. [L. idiota ; Gr. 1. A natural fool, 

or fool from his birth. 2. A foolish person ; one unwise. 

TD-F ) 

ID-T OT'IG^L 1®* Like an idiot 5 foolish; sottish. 

ID'I-OT-ISII, a. Like an idiot ; partaking of idiocy ; fool- 
ish. Palsy. 

ID'I-OT-ISM, 77. [Fr. trZwh’smc.] 1. An idiom ; a peculiar- 
ity of expression ; a mode of expression peculiar to a lan- 
guage ; a peculiarity in the structure of words and phrases. 
2. Idiocy. 

ID'[-OT-I*ZE, 7\ i. To become stupid. Pers. Letters. 

PDLE, rr. [Sax. idel, ydel.] 1. Not employed ; unoccupied 
with business ; inactive ; doing notliing. 2. Slothful ; 
given to rest and ease; averse to labor or employment ; 
lazy. 3. Affording leisure; vacant; not occupied. 4. 
Remaining unused ; unemployed. 5. Useless; vain ; in- 
cffectu'il. G. Unfruitful ; barren ; not productive of good. 
7. dVifling; vain; of no importance. 8. Unprofitable; 
not tending to edification. — Idle differs from lazy ; the lat- 
ter implying constitutional or habitual aversion or indis- 
position to labor or action ; whereas idle, in its proper 
sense, denotes merely unemployed. An industrious man 
may be idle, but he cannot be lazy. 

LDLE, V. i. To lose or spend time in inaction, or without 
being employed in business. — J'o idle away, in a transitive 
sense, to spend in idleness. 

I'DLE-HEAD-ED, a. 1. Foolish ; unreasonable. Careio. 2. 
Delirious; infatuated; [little used.] 

fl'DLE-LY, ado. [Sax. ideUce.] So our ancestors wrote 
idly. 

I^DTiE-NESS, n. 1. Abstinence from labor or employment ; 
the state of a person who is unemployed ; the state of do- 
ing nothing. 2. Aversion to labor ; reluctance to be em- 
])loyed, or to exertion either of body or mind ; laziness ; 
sloth ; sluggishness. 3. Unimportance ; trivialness. 4. 
Inefficacy ; uselessness ; [little vsed.] 5. Barrenness ; 
worthlessness ; [little used.] G. Emptiness ; foolish- 


MoVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— 


ION 

ness; infatuation; as, idleness of brain; [little usul.] 

; stupid. Overbury. 

IDLER, 71. J. One who does nothing; one who spends 
his time in inaction. 2. A lazy person ; a slueeard 
t l/DLES-EY, 71. An idle or lazy person. 'iVldtM 
Id3L J. , adv. 1. In an idle manner ; without employment 
2. Lazily ; sluggishly. 3. Foolishly ; uselessly ; in a 
trifling way. 4. Carelessly ; without attention. 5. Vain- 
ly ; ineffectually. 

ID'O-CRASE, n. [Gr. i^ea and xpaaig.] A mineral. 

I'DOL, 71. [Fr*. idole •, It., Sp. idolo.] 1. An image, form 
or representation, usually of a man or other animal, con- 
secrated as an object of worship ; a pagan deity. 2. An 
image. 3. A person loved and honored to adoration. 4. 
Any thing on which we set our affections. 5. A repre- 
sentation ; [^not in use.] 

I-DOL'A-TER, 71. [Fr. idolatrc ; F. idololatra .] 1. A wor- 

shiper of idols ; one who worships as a deity that which 
is not God; a pagan. 2. An adorer; a great admirer. 
l-DOL'A-TRESfc?, n. A female worshiper of idols, 
t l-DO-LAT'RI-CAL, a. Tending to idolatry. 
I-DOL^A-TRIZE, v.’i. To worship idols. 

I-DOL'A-TRjZE, V. t. To adore ; to worsliip. Ainsworth. 
I-DOL'A-TROUS, a. 1. Pertaining to idolatry ; partaking 
of tlie nature of idolatry, or of the worship of false gods ; 
consisting in the worship of idols. 2. Consisting in or 
partaking of an excessive attachment or reverence. 
I-DOL'A-'I'ROUS-LY, adv. In an idolatrous manner. 
1-DOL'A-TRY, 71. [Fr. idolatrie ; L. idololatria.] 1. The 
worship of idols, images, or any thing made by hands, 
or which is not God. 2. Excessive attachmeni or ven- 
eration for any thing, or that which borders on adora- 
tion. 

T'DOL-ISIT, a. Idolatrous. Milton. 

I'DOL-I5?M, 77. The worship of idols. [L. ti.] Milton. 
rDOL-IST, 77. A worshiper of images ; a poetical word. 
I'DOL-lZE, V. t. To love to excess ; to love or reverence to 
adoration. 

T'DOL-lZED, pp. Loved or reverenced to adoration. 
I'DOL-iZ-ER, 77. One who idolizes, or loves to rever- 
ence._ 

l^DOL-IZ-ING, ppr. Loving or revering to an excess bor- 
dering on adoration. 
tl'DOL-OUE, a. Idolatrous. Bale. 

I-Do'NE-OUS, a. [L. idoneus.] Fit ; suitable ; proper ; con- 
venient ; adequate. [Little used.] Boyle. 

I'DYL, 77. [~L. idyllium.] A short poem ; p7-ope?*Zy, a short 
pastoral poem ; as, the idyls of Theocritus. 

I. E. stands for L. id est, that is. 

IF, V. t. imperative, contracted from .Sax. gif, from gif an, 
to give, (commonly, though not correctly, classed among 
conjunctions.) 1. It is used as the sign of a condition, or 
it introduces a conditional senteiice. 2. Whether or not. 
I’FAITII, adv. [abbreviation of in faith.] Indeed ; truly. 
Shak. 

t IG-Na'RO, 77. [L.] A term formerly used for blockhead. 
IG'NE-OUS, a. [L. igneus.] 1. C\)usisting of fire. 2. 
Containing fire ; having the nature of fire, 3. Resembling 
fire. 

IG-NES^CENT, a. [L. igncscens.] Emitting sparks of fire 
when struck with steel ; scintillating. 

IG-NES'CENT, n. A stone or mineral that gives out sparks 
when struck with steel or iron. 

IG'NI-Fy, V. t. [h.ignis arxdfacio.] To form into fire. 
IG-NIF'LU-OUS, a. [L. ignijhuis.] Flowing with fire. 

IG -NIP 0-TENT, a. [L. ignis ana patens.] Presiding over 
fire. Pope. 

IG'NIS FAT'U-US, n. [L.] A meteor or light that appears 
in the night, over marshy grounds, supposed to be occa- 
sioned by phosphoric matter extricated from fuitrefying 
animal or vegetable substances, or by some inflammable 
gas ; vulgarly called V/ill with the loisp, and Jack with a 
lantern. 

IG-NTTE', V. t. [L. ignis.] 1. To kindle, or set on fire. 
2. More generally, to communicate fire to, or to render 
luminous or red by heat. 

IG-NITE^, V. i. To take fire ; to become red with heat. 
IG-NIT'ED, pp. 1. ^et on fire. 2. Rendered red or lumi- 
nous by heat or fire. 

IG-NTT^ING, ppr. 1. Setting on fire ; becoming red with 
heat. 2. Communicating fire to ; heating to redness. 
IG-Ni'^TION, 77. 1. The act of kindling, or setting on fire. 

2. The act or operation of communicating fire or heat, till 
the substance becomes red or luminous. 3. The state of 
being kindled ; more generally, the state of being healed 
to redness or luminousness. 4. Calcination. 
IG-NiT'I-BLE, a. Capable of being ignited. 

IG-NIV^O-MOUt^, a. [L. ignivomus.] Vomitirig fire._ 
IG-NO'BLE, a. [Fr., from L. ignobilis.] 1. Of lOW birth or 
family ; not iioblo ; not illustrious# 2# Mean j vvoithloss. 

3. Base ; not honorable. 

tlG-NO-BIL'I-TY, 77. Ignobleness. Ball. ^ 

€ as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obssletc 


* See Synopsis. 


ILL 


428 ILL 


IC-No'BLE-NESS, w. Want of dignity ; meanness. 
IG-No'BLY, adc. 1. Of low family or birth. 2. Meanly j 
dishonorably; reproachfully; disgracefully; basely. 
IG-NO-MIN'I-OUS, a. [L* ignoiuiniosus,'] 1. Incurring 
disgrace ; cowardly ; of mean character. 2. Very shame- 
ful ; reproachful ; dishonorable ; infamous. 3. Despica- 
ble ; worthy of contempt. 

TG-NO-MIN'I-OUS-LY, adv. Meanly ; disgracefully ; 
shamefully. 

IG^NO-MIN-Y, n. [L. i^nominia.'] Public disgrace ; shame ; 

reproach ; dishonor ; infamy. 
flG'JVO-MY, 71. An abbreviation of ignominy, 
IG-NO-Ra'MUS, 71. [L.] 1. The indorsement which a 

grand jury make on a bill presented to them for inquiry, 
when there is not evidence to support the charges ; on 
which all proceedings are stopped, and the accused per- 
son is discharged. 2. An ignorant person ; a vain pre- 
tender to knowledge. 

IG'NO-RANCE, n. TFr.; L. ignorantia.'] 1. Want, absence 
or destitution of knowledge j the negative state of the 
mind which has not been instructed. 2. Ignorances^ 
in the plural j is used sometimes for omissions or mis- 
takes. 

IG'NO-RANT, a. [L. ignorans.'] 1. Destitute of knowl- 
edge ; uninstructed or uninformed ; untaught ; unen- 
lightened. 2. Unknown ; undiscovered. 3. Unacquaint- 
ed with. 4. Unskillfully made or done. 

IG'NO-RANT, 71. A person untaught or uninformed ; one 
unlettered or unskilled. 

IG'NO-RAXT-LY, adv. 1. Without knowledge, instruction 
or information. 2. Unskillfully ; inexpertly. 
flG-NoRE', V. t. To be ignorant of. Boyle. 
t IG-NOS'CI-BLE, a. [L. ignoscibilis.'] Pardonable, 
t IG-NoTE', a. [L. ignotus.'^ Unknown. 

I-GUa'NA, 71. A species of lizard, of the genus lacerta. 
t ILE, 77. 1. So written by Pope for aiZe, a walk or alley in a 
clmrch or public building. 2. An ear of corn. 

I-Lk'US, 71. [L.] A circumvolution or insertion of one part 
of the gut within the other. Arbicthnot. \ 

IQjEX, 77. [L.] In botany^ the generic name of the holly- 
t'^ee. 

IL'I-A€, a. [L. iliacus.] Pertaining to the lower bowels, 
or to the ileum. The Uiac passion is a violent and dan- 
gerous kind of colic. 

ILT-AD, 77. [from lUnm^ Ilion.'] An epic poem, composed 
by Homer, in twenty-four books. 

ILK, a. The same ; each. This is retained in Scottish. 
IIjL, a. [supposed to be contracted from evil, Sax. ijfel ; 

Sw. ilia.] 1. Bad or evil, in ^general sense ; contrary to 
good. 2. Producing evil or misfortune. 3. Bad; evil; 
unfortunate. 4. Unhealthy ; insalubrious. 5. Cross ; 
crabbed; surly; peevish. 6. Diseased; disordered ; sick 
or indisposed ; applied to persons. 7. Diseased ; impair- 
ed. 8. Discordant ; harsh ; disagreeable. 9. Homely ; 
ugly. 10. Unfavorable ; suspicious. II. Rude ; unpol- 
ished. 12. Not proper ; not regular or legitimate. 

ILL, 77. 1. Wickedness ; depravity ; evil. 2. Misfortune ; 
calamity ; evil ; disease ; pain ; whatever annoys or im- 
pairs happiness, or prevents success. 

ILL, adv. 1. Not well; not rightly or perfectly. 2. Not 
easily ; with pain or difficulty. 

ILL, V. t. To reproach. JSTorth of England, and Scotland. 
ILL, substantive or adverb, and denoting evil or wrong, is 
much used in composition with participles to express any 
bad quality or condition ; as, ill-meaning , ill-formed, &c. 
— II, prefixed to words beginning with I, stands for in, as 
used in the Latin language, and usually denotes a nega- 
tion of the sense of the simple word, as illegal, not legal ; 
or it denotes to or on, and merely augments or enforces 
the sense, as in illuminate. 

flL-LAB'ILE, a. [See Labile.] Not liable to fall or err ; 

infallible. Cheyne. ^ 

t IL-L A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being liable to err, 
fall or apostatize. Cheyne. 

IL-LAC'ER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be torn. 
IL-LA€'RY-MA-BLE, a. [L. illacrymabilis.] Incapable of 
weeping. 

IL-LAPSE', (il-laps') n. 1. A sliding in ; an immission or 
entrance of one thing into another. 2. A falling on ; a 
sudden attack. 

* IL-LAQ,'UE-ATE, v.t. [h. illaqueo.] To insnare; to en- 
trap ; to entangle; to catch. [Little used.] 

* IL-LACl'UE-A-TED, pp. Insnared. 

'* IL-LAQ,-UE-a'TION, 77. 1. The act of insnaring ; a catch- 
ing or entrapping ; [little used.] 2. A snare. 
IL-La'TION, 77. [L. illatio.] An inference from premises ; 

a conclusion ; deduction. [Little used.] 

IL'LA-TIVE, a. 1. Relating to illation ; that may be infer- 
red. 2. That denotes an inference. 

IL'LA-TiVE, 77. That which denotes illation or infer- 
ence. 

IL'LA-TIVE-LY, adv. By illation or conclusion. Bp. Rich- 
ardson. 

IL-LAUD'A-BLE, a. 1. Not laudable; not worthy of ap- 


probation or commendation. 2. Worthy of censure or 
dispraise. 

IL-LAUD'A-BLY, adv. In a manner unworthy of praise 
without deserving praise. Broome. 

ILL-BRED, a. Not well-bred ; unpolite. 

ILL-BREED'ING, n. Want of good-breeding ; unpolite- 
ness. 

ILL-CON-Di''TIONED, a. Being in bad order or state. 

IL-Le'CE-BROUS, a. [L. illecebrosus.] Alluring ; full of 
allin-ement. Elyot. 

IL-Le'GAL, a. Not legal ; unlawful ; contrary to law ; il- 
licit. 

IL-LE-GAL'I-TY, n. Contrariety to law ; unlawfulness. 

IL-Le'GAL-IZE, V. t. To render unlawful. 

IL-Le'GAL-LY, adv. In a manner contrary to law ; un- 
lawj'ully. Blackstone. 

IL-LE'GAL-NESS, 77. The state of being illegal. Scott. 

IL-LEG-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being illegible. 

IL-LEG'I-BLE, a. That cannot be read. 

IL-LEG'I-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be read. 

IL-LE-GIT'I-MA-CY, n. 1. The state of being born out of 
wedlock ; the state of bastardy. 2. The state of being not 
genuine, or of legitimate origin. 

IL-LE-GIT'I-MAI'E, a. 1. Unlawfully begotten ; born out 
of w'edlock ; spurious. 2. Unlawful ; contrary to law. 
3. Not genuine ; not of genuine origin. 4. Not authorized 
by good usage. 

IL-LE-GIT'I-MATE, v. t. To render illegitimate ; to prove 
to be born out of wedlock ; to bastardize. 

IL-LE-GlT'I-MATE-LY, adv. Not in wedlock ; without 
authority. 

IL-LE-GIT-I-Ma'TION, 77. 1. The state of one not born 
in wedlock. 2. Want of genuineness. Martin. 

IL-LEV'I-A-BLE, a. That cannot be levied or collected. 

ILL'-FaCED, a. Having an ugly face. Hall. 

ILL-Fa'VORED, a. Ugly; ill-looking; deformed. 

ILL-Fa'VORED-LY, ad77. I. With deformity. 2. Rough- 
ly ; rudely. 

ILL-Fa'VORED-NESS, 77. Ugliness ; deformity. 

IL-LIB'ER-AL, a. 1. Not liberal ; not free or generous. 2. 

, Not noble ; not ingenuous ; not catholic ; of a contracted 
mind. Cold in charity. 3. Not candid ; uncharitable in 
judging. 4. Not generous ; not munificent ; sparing of 
gifts. 5. Not becoming a well-bred man. 6. Not pure ; 
not elegant. 

IL-LIB-ER-AL'I-TY, n. 1. Narrowness of mind ; eontract- 
edness ; meanness ; w'ant of catholic opinions. 2. Parsi- 
mony ; wmnt of munificence. Bacon. 

IL-LIB'ER-AL-LY, adv. 1. Ungenerously; uncandidly ; 
uncharitably ; disingenuously. 2. Parsimoniously. 

IL-LIC'IT, a. [L. iliicitus.] Not permitted or allowed ; 
prohibited ; unlawful. 

IL-LIC IT-LY, adv. Unlawfully. 

IL-LIC'IT-NESS, 77. Unlaw^fulness. 

IL-LIC'IT-OUS, a. Unlawful. 

t IL-LlGHT'EN, v. t. To enlighten. Raleigh. 

IL-LIM'I-TA-BLE, a. That cannot be limited or bounded. 
Thomson. 

IL-LIM'I-TA-BLY, adv. 1. Without possibility of being 
bounded. 2. Without limits. 

IL-LIM-I-Ta'TION, 77. What admits of no certain deter- 
mination. 

IL-LIM'IT-ED, a. Unbounded ; not limited. 

IL-LIM'IT-ED-NESS, 77. Boundlessness; the state of being 
without limits or restriction. Clarendon. 

IL-LI-Ni''3TON, 77. [L. illinitus.] A thin crust of some ex- 
traneous substance formed on minerals. 

IL-LIT'ER-A-CY, n. The state of being untaught or un- 
learned ; w’’ant of a knowledge of letters ; ignorance. 

t IL-LIT'ER-AL, a. Not literal. Dr. Daicson. 

IL-LIT'ER-ATE, a. [L. ill iter attis.] Unlettered ; ignorant 
of letters or books ; untaught ; unlearned ; uninstructed 
in science* 

IL-LIT'ER-ATE-NESS, n. Want of learning; ignorance 
of letters, books or science. Boyle. 

IL-LIT'ER-A-TURE, n. Want of learning. [Little used.] 

ILL-LTV'ED, (ill-lIvdO a. Leading a wicked life. [L. u.] 

ILL-NaT'URE, 77. Crossness; crabbedness; habitual bad 
temper, or want of kindness ; fractioiisness. 

ILL-NaT'URED, a. 1. Cross; crabbed; surly; intracta- 
ble ; of habitual bad temper ; peevish ; fractious. 2. That 
indicates ill-nature. 3. Intractable ; not yielding to cul- 
ture. 

ILL-NaT'URED-LY, adv. In a peevish or frow^ard man- 
ner ; crossly ; unkindly. 

ILL-NaT'URED-NESS, 77. Crossness; want of a kind 
disposition. 

ILL'NESS, 77. 1. Badness; unfavorableness; [ 77 ot used.] 

2. Disease ; indisposition ; malady ; disorder of health ; 
sickness. 3. Wickedness ; iniquity ; wrong moral con- 
duct. Shale. 

IL-LOGd-€AL, a. 1. Ignorant or negligent of the rules of 
logic or correct reasoning. 2. Contrary to the rules of 
logic or sound reasoning. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, V, Y, Zo?7o-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ^Obsolete. 


IM 


429 


ILrL06'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner contrary to the rules 
of correct reasoning. 

IL-LOU'I-€AL-NESs?, n. Contrariety to sound reasoning. 

ILL'STaRRED, a. Fated to be unfortunate. 

ILL'-TRaINEU, a. Not well trained or disciplined. 

IL-LuDE', V. t. [L. illudo.] To play upon by artifice ; to 
deceive ; to mock ; to excite hope and disappoint it. 

IL-LuD'ED, pp. Deceived ; mocked. 

IL-JjUD'ING, ppr. P]aying on by artifice ; deceiving. 

IL-LUiME', or IL-LU'MlNE, v. t. [Fr. iliumincr.] 1. To 
illuminate ; to enlighten ; to throw or spread light on ; to 
make light or bright. 2. To enlighten, as the mindj to 
cause to understand. 3. To brighten ; to adorn. 

IL-Lu'Mi-NANT, n. That which illuminates. 

IL-LUhMI-NATE, v. t. 1. To enlighten ; to throw light 
on ; to supply with light. 2. To adorn with festal lamps 
or bonfires. 3. To enlighten intellectually. 4. To adorn 
with pictures, portraits and other paintings. 5. To illus- 
trate ; to throw light on, as on obscure subjects. 

IL-LU'MI-NATE, a. Enlightened. Bp. Hall. 

IL-Lu MI-NATE, n. One of a sect of heretics pretending 
to possess extraordinary light and knowledge. 

IL-LU'M1-Nx\-TED, pp. Enlightened ; rendered light or 
luminous ; illustrated ; adorned with pictures. 

IL-LU'MI-NA-TING, ppr. Enlightening ; rendering lumi- 
nouj or bright ; illustrating. 

IL-Ltj/MI-NA-TING, n. The act, practice or art of adorn- 
ing manuscripts and books by paintings. 

IL-LU-MI-Na'TION, V. 1. The act of illuminating or ren- 
dering luminous ; the act of supplying with light. 2 . 
The act of rendering a house or a town light, by placing 
lights at the windows, or the state of being thus rendered 
light. 3. That which gives light. 4. Brightness ; splen- 
dor. 5. Infusion of intellectual light. 6 . The act, art or 
practice of adorning manuscripts and books with pictures. 
7. Inspiration ; the special communication of knowledge 
to the mind by the Supreme Being. Hooker. 

IL-Lu'MI-NA-TiVE, a. [Fr. ilLuminatif Having the 
povver of giving light. Dip-hy. 

IL-LU'MI-NA-TOR, n. 1. He or that which illuminates or 
gives light. 2. One whose occupation is to decorate man- 
uscripts and books with pictures, portraits and drawings 
of any kind. 

IL-LU-MI-NEE', or IL-LU-MI-Na'TI, n. 1. A church term 
anciently applied to persons who had received baptism. 

2. The name of a sect of heretics, who sprung up in Spain 
about the year 1575. 3. The name given to certain asso- 
ciations of men in modern Europe, who combined to 
overthrow the existing religious institutions. Robison. 

IL-LuhMI-NISM, 71. The principles of the Illuminati. 

IL-Lu'MI-NiZE, V. t. To initiate into the doctrines or 
principles of the Illuminati, .dm. Review. 

IL-LU'SION, 71. [Fr. illusion.'] Deceptive appearance ; 
false show, by which a person is or may be deceived, or 
his expectations disappointed ; mockery. 

IL-Lu'SlVE, a. Deceiving by false show j deceitful. Thom- 
son^ 

IL-Lu'SIVE-LY, adc. By means of a false show. 

IL-Lu'SIVE-NESS, n. Deception ; false show. 

IL Lu'SO-RY, a. [Fr. illusoire.] Deceiving or tending to 
deceive by false appearances ; fallacious. 

IL-LUS'TllATE, v. t. [Fr. illustrer.] 1. To make clear, 
bright or luminous. 2. To brighten with honor ; to make 
distinguished. 3. To brighten ; to make glorious, or to 
display the glory of. 4. To explain or elucidate ; to make 
clear, intelligible or obvious, what is dark or obscure. 

IL-LUS'TRA-TED, pp. 1. Made bright or glorious. 2. Ex- 
plained ; elucidated 3 made clear to the understand- 
ing. 

IL-LUS'TRA-TING, ppr. Making bright or glorious 3 ren- 
dering distinguished 3 elucidating. 

IL-LUE-TRa'TION, 71. 1. The act of rendering bright or 
glorious. 2. Explanation 3 elucidation. 

IL-LUS'TRA-TIVE, a. 1. Having the quality of elucida- 
ting and making clear what is obscure. 2. Having the 
quality of rendering glorious, or of displaying glory. 

IL-LUS'TRA-TIVE-LY, adv. By way of illustration or 
elucidation. Brown. 

IL-LUS'TRA-TOR, n. One who illustrates or makes clear. 

IL-LUS'TRI-OUS, a. [Fr. iZhistrc.] 1. Conspicuous 3 dis- 
tinguished by the reputation of greatness 5 renowned 3 
eminent. 2. Conspicuous ; renowned 3 conferring honor. 

3. Glorious. 4. A title of honor. 

IL-IiUS'TRI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Conspicuously 3 nobly 3 em- 
inently 3 with dignity or distinction. 2. Gloriously 3 in a 
way to manifest glory. 

IL-LUS'TRI-OUS-NESS, n. Eminence of character 3 great - 
ness ; g»-andeur 5 glory. 

IL-LUX C'RI-OUS, a. Not luxurious. Drury. 

ILL-WILL', 71. Enmity 3 malevolence. 

ILL-VV^ILL'ER, n. One who wishes ill to another. 

IL'LY, adv. A word sometimes used by American writers, 
impropeily, for ill. 

I’M, contracted from I am. 


IMR 

IM, in composition, is usually the representative of the Latin 
771 ; n being changed to m, for the sake of easy utterance, 
before a labial, as in imbibe, immense, impartial. 

IM'AGE, 71. [I r. tma^e ; imago.] 1 . A representation 
or similitude of any person or thing, formed of a material 
substance. 2. A statue. 3. An idol 5 the representation 
of any person or thing, that is an object of worship. 4 . 
7'he likeness of any thing on canvas ; a picture • a re- 
semblance painted. 5. Any copy, representation or like- 
ness. 6 . Semblance 3 show 3 appearance. 7 . An idea • a 
representation of any thing to the mind 3 a conception • a 
picture drawn by fancy.— In rhetoric, a lively descrip- 
tion of any thing in discourse, which presents a kind of 
picture to the mind. — 9. In optics, the figure of any object 
made by rays of light proceeding from the several points 
of it. 

IM'AGE, V. t. To imagine 3 to copy by the imagination 3 to 
form a likeness in tlie mind. 

IM'AGE-RY, (iin'aj-ry) n. 1. Sensible representations, 
pictures, statues. 2. Show 5 appearance. 3. Forms of 
the fancy 3 false ideas 3 imaginary phantasms. 4. Rep- 
resentations in writing or speaking 3 lively descriptions 
which impress the images of things on the mind 3 figures 
in discourse. 5. Form 3 make. 

IM'AGE-WoR SHIP, n. The worship of images 5 idolatry. 

IM-AG'I-NA-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be imagined or con- 
ceived. 

t IM-A(j'I-NANT, a. Imagining 3 conceiving. Bacon. 

f IM-AG'I-NANT, n. One wlio is prone to form strange 
ideas. 

IM-AG'I-NA-RY, a. Existing only in imagination or fancy 3 
visionary ; fancied 3 not real. Addison. 

IM-AG-1-Na'T10N, 7 ). \\j. imaginatio.] 1. The power or 
faculty of the mind by which it conceives and forms ideas 
of things communicated to it by the organs of sense. 2 . 
Conception 5 image in the mind 3 idea. 3. Contrivance 5 
scheme formed in the mind 3 device. 4. Conceit 5 an un- 
solid or fanciful opinion. 5. First motion or purpose of 
the mind. 

IM-AG'1-NA-TiVE, a. [Fr. imaginatif.] 1. That forms 
imaginations. 2. Full of imaginations 5 fantastic. 

IM-AG'iNE, v.t. [Yr. imaginer.] 1. To form a notion or 
idea in the mind 3 to fancy. 2. To form ideas or repre- 
sentations in the mind, by modifying and combining our 
conceptions. 3. To contrive in purpose 3 to scheme 3 to 
devise. 

IM-AG‘INE, V. i. To conceive 3 to have a notion or idea. 

IM-AG'INED, pp. Formed in the mind 3 fancied 3 con- 
trived. 

IM-AG'IN-ER, n. One who forms ideas 3 one who con- 
trives. Bacon. 

IM-AGTN-ING, ppr. Forming ideas in the mind 3 devis- 
ing. 

IM'AM, ) n. A minister or priest among the Mohamme- 

IM'AN, f dans. 

IM-BALM'. See Embalm. 

IM-BAN', V. t. To excommunicate, in a civil sense / to cut 
off from the rights of man. [JVbt well authorized.] J. 
Barlow. 

IM-BAND', V. t. To form into a band or bands. J. Barlow. 

IM-BAND'ED, pp. Formed into a band or bands. 

IM-BANK', V. t. To inclose with a bank 3 to defend by 
banks, mounds or dikes. 

IM-BANK'ED, (iin-bankt') pp. Inclosed or defended with 
a bank. 

IM-BANK'ING, ppr. Inclosing or surrounding with a 
bank. 

IM-BANK'MENT, n. 1. The act of surrounding or defend- 
ing with a bank. 2. Inclosure by a bank ; the banks or 
mounds of earth that are raised to defend a place. 

IM-BAR'GO. See Embargo. 

IM-BARK'. See Embark. 

t IM-BaRN', V. t. To deposit in a barn. Herbert. 

IM-BaSE'. SeeEMBASE. 

IM-BAS'TAR-DlZE, v. t. To bastardize, which see. 

IM-BaTHE', V. t. To bathe all over. Milton. 

IM-BeAD', V. t. To fasten with a bead. J. Barlow. 

IM-BeAD'ED, pp. Fastened with a bead. 

IM'BE-CILE, (im'be-sil) a. [L. imbecillis ; Fr. imbecile.] 
Weak 3 feeble 5 destitute of strength, either of body or of 
mind 5 impotent. Barrow. 

t IM'BE-CILE, V. t. To weaken. Bp. Taylor. 

t IM-BE-CIL'I-TATE, V. t. To weaken 3 to render feeble 
A. Wilson. 

IM-BE-C1L'I-TY, 7 i. [1j. imbecillitas.] 1 . Want of strength 3 
weakness 3 feebleness of body or of mind. 2. Impotence 
of males 3 inability to procreate children, 

IM BED', V. t. To sink or lay in a bed 3 to place in a mass 
of earth, sand or other substance. 

IM-BED'DED, pp. Laid or inclosed, as in a bed or mass of 

surrounding matter. 

IM-BED'DING, ppr. Laying, as in a bed. 

IM-BEL'Lt€, a. Not warlike or martial. .Tumus. 

IM-BENCH'ING, n. A raised work like a bench. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D 6 VE 3 — BULL, UNITE.— € as K 5 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


IMB 


430 


IMM 


IM-BTBE', V. t. [L. imhibo.'\ 1. To drink in ; to absorb. 2. 
To receive or admit into the mind, and retain. 3. To 
imlme. JVewtun. 

IM-BiB'] ,n, (im-bibd') pp. Drank in, as a fluid j absorbed ; 

receiv d into tlie mind, and retained. 

IM-BiB ER, 71. He or that which imbibes. 
fM-BiHHNG, ppr. Drinking in; absorbing; receiving and 
retaining. 

fM-BI-BI' TiON, n. The act of imbibing. Bacon. 
[M-BI'B'TER, V. t. 1. To make bitter. 2. To make un- 
happy or grievous ; to render distressing. 3. To exas- 
perate ; to make more severe, poignant or painful. 4. To 
exaspenxte ; to render more violent or malignant. 
[M-BiT'TERED, pp. Made unhappy or painful ; exaspe- 
rated . 

IM-BIT TER-ER, n That which makes bitter. Johnson. 
LU-B!T''rER-[NG, ppr. Rendering unhappy or distressing ; 
exasperating. 

I M-BoD'lED, pp. Formed into a body. 
f.M-BOD'Y, 0 . t. 1. To form into a body; to invest with 
m itter j to make corporeal. 2. To form into a body, col- 
lection or system. 3. To bring into a band, conjpany, 
regiment, brigade, army, or other regular assemblage ; to 
collect. 

IM-BOD \^, V. i. To unite in a body, mass or collection ; to 
coalesce. Milton. 

LM-B')i)'Y-IiSG, ppr. ]. Forming into a body; investing 
with a corporeal body. 2. Collecting and uniting in a 
body. 

IM-Bi>IL', V. i. To effervesce. Spenser. 

IM-BoL!)'EN, (im b5l'dn) v.t. To encourage; to give 
coiihdence to. Shak. 

IM-BoLD'EX, pp. Encouraged ; having received confi- 
dence. 

LM-BoLD'EN-TNG, pnr. Encouraging; giving confidence, 
t IM-BON'I-TY, n. [L. in and bonitas.] Want of goodness. 
Burton. 

I?\I-BORD'ER, v.t. ]. To furnish or inclose with a border; 

to adorn with a border. 2. To terminate ; to bound. 
IM-BORD'ERED, pp. Furnished, inclosed or adorned with 
a border; bounded. 

IM-BORD'ER-ING, ppr. Furnishing, inclosing or adorning 
with a border ; bounding. 

IM-BOSK'', V. t. [It. irnboscare.'] To conceal, as in bushes ; 
to hide. Milton. 

IM-HOSK', V. i. To lie concealed. Milton. 
iM-Bo'J^OM, V. t. 1. To hold in the bosom ; to cover fondly 
, with the folds of one’s garment. 2. To hold in nearness 
or intimacy. 3. To admit to the heart or affection ; to 
caress. 4. To inclose in the midst ; to surround. 5. To 
inclose in the midst ; to cover. 

IM-Bo'SOMED, pp. Held in the bosom or to the breast ; 

caressed ; surrounded in the midst; inclosed ; covered. 
IM-H(‘VSOM-L\G, ppr. Holding in the bosom; caressing; 

holding to the breast; inclosing or covering in the midst. 
IM-BOUxYD', V. t. To inclose in limits; to shut in. [Little 
used ] Shak. 

IM-BoW', V. t. 1. To arch; to vault. 2. To make of a 
circular form. Bacon. 

IM-Bd'vVElV, (im-b5de') pp. Arched; vaulted; made of a 
circular form. 

IM-BOW'ER, V. t. To cover with a bower ; to shelter with 
trees. Thomson. 

IM-BOW'ERED, pp. Covered with a bower; sheltered 
with trees. 

IM-BOW'ER-TNG, ppr. Covering with a bower or with trees. 
IM-BdWHNG, ppr. Arching; vaulting; making of a cir- 
cular form. 

IM-BfAY'MENT, n. Anarch; a vault. Bacon. 

IM-BOX', V. t. To inclose in a box. 

IM-BR AN'GLE, v. t. To entangle. Iludibras. 

IM-BREED', V. t. To generate within. 

IM'BRI-CATE, ) a. [L. im.hricatiis .] 1. Bent and hol- 

IM'BRI-€A-TED, f lowed like a roof or gutter tile. — 2. 

In botany, lying over each other, like tiles on a roof. 
IM-BRI-€a'TION, n. A concave indenture, like that of 
tiles ; tiling. Derham. 

IM-BROWN', v.t. 1. To make brown ; to darken ; to ob- 
scure. 2. To darken the color of ; to make dirty. 3. To 
tan ; to darken the complexion. 

IM-BIIOWN'ED, (im-brownd^) pp. Made brown ; darken- 
ed ; tanned. 

IM-BROWN'ING, ppr. Rendering brown ; darkening ; tan- 
nin g._ 

IM-BRuE', (im-bru') v. t. [Gr. .] 1. To wet or 

moisten ; to soak ; to drench in a fluid, chiefly in blood. 
2. To pour out liquor ; [o&s.] 

IM-BRu'ED, (im-brude') pp. Wet ; moistened ; drenched. 
IM-BRu'ING, ppr. Wetting; moistening; drenching. 
IM-BRuTE', V. t. To degrade to the state of a brute ; to 
reduce to brutality. 

IM-BRuTE', V. i. To sink to the state of a brute. 
IM-BRuT'ED, pp. Degraded to brutishness. 

IM-BRCT'ING, ppr. Reducing to brutishness. 


IM-BuE', (im-bu') v. t. [L. imbuo.l 1. To tinge deeply ; to 
dye^ 2. To tincture deeply ; to cause to imbibe. 
IM-Bu'ED, (im-bude') pp. Tinged; dyed; tinctured. 
IxVI-Bu'ING, ppr. Tinging; dyeing; tincturing deeply. 
IM-BURSE', V. t. [Fr. bonrse.~\ To stock with money. 
IME, 71. Rime. Craven dialect. 

IM-I-TA-BILT-TY, n. The quality of being imitable. 
IMT-TA-bLE, a. [Fr. ; L. imitahilis.] 1. That may be imi- 
tated or copied. 2. Worthy of imitation. 

IMR-TATE, v.t. [Fr. 7///ifcr.] 1. To follow in manners; 
to copy in form, color or quality. 2. To attempt or en- 
deavor to copy or resemble. 3. To counterfeit. 4. To 
pursue the course of a composition, so as to use like im- 
ages and examples. 

IMH-TA-TED, pp. Followed ; copied. 

IMT-Tx\-TING, ppr. Following in manner; copying. 
IM-I-Ta'TION, V. [Fr. ; L. inntatio.] 1. 3110 act of follow- 
ing in manner, or of copying in form ; the act of making 
the similitude of any thing, or of attempting a resem- 
blance. 2. 'riiat which is made or produced as a copy ; 
likeness; resemblance. 3. A method of translating, in 
which modern examples and illustrations are used for 
ancient, or domestic for foreign. 

IM'l-'r A-TI VE, a. 1. inclined to follow in manner. 2. 
Aiming at resemblance ; that is used in the business of 
forming resemblances. 3. Formed after a model, pattern 
or original. 

IM'I-TA-TOR, 71. 1. One that follows in manner or deport- 
ment. 2. One that copies, or attempts to make the re- 
semblance of any thing. 

IM-I-Ta'3’OR-SHIP, V. The office or state of an imitator. 
IM-MA€'U-LATE, a. [L. imviaculatus.] 1. Spotless; pure; 
unstained ; undefiled ; without blemish. 2. Pure ; lim- 
pid ; not tinged with impure matter. 

IM-MAG (J-LATE-LY, adv. With spotless purity. 
IM-xMA€'U-LATE-iVES?, ?/. Spotless purity. 
IM-MaIL'ED, (im-m5.ild') a. Wearing mail or armor. 
IM-MAL'LE-A-BLE, a. Not malleable; that cannot be 
extended by hammering. Med. Rrpos. 

IM-MAN'A-GLE, v.t. To put manacles on; to fetter or 
confine ; to restrain from free action. 

TM-MAN'A-€LED, pp. Fettered ; confined. 
IM-MAN'A-€LING, ppr. Fettering ; confining. 
IM-MaNE', a. [L. immanis.] Vast; huge; very great. 
IM-MaNE'LY, adv. Monstrously; cruelly. Milton. 
IM'MA-NEN-CY, n. Internal dwelling. Pearson. 
IM'MA-NENT, a. Inherent: intrinsic; internal, 
t IM-MANT-FES'P, a. Not manifest ; not i)lain. 
IM-MAN'I-TY, 71. \Tu. immanitas.'] Barbarity; savageness. 
Shak. 

TM-IMAR-OES'SI-BLE, a. [L.hi and ma7'cesco.'] Unfading 
IM-MAR'3TAL, a. Not martial ; not warlike. 

II\I-MASK', V. t. To cover, as with a mask. 

IM-MASK'ED, (im-maskt') pp. Covered ; masked. 
UM-MASKTNG, ppr. Covering; disguising. 
Ii\I-MATCHhA.-BLE, a. That cannot be matched ; peer- 
less. 

IM-xMA-TE'RI-AL, a. [Fr. imviateriel.] 1. Incorporeal; not 
material; not consisting of matter. 2. Unimportant; 
without weight ; not material ; of no essential conse- 
quence. Melmoth. 

IM-MA-Tk'RI-AL-ISM, 77. The doctrine of the existence 
or state of immaterial substances or spiritual beings. 
IM-MA-Tk'RI-AL-IST, 77. One who professes immaterial- 
ity. Smift. 

IM-MA-TE-RT-AL'I-TY, 71. The quality of being immate- 
rial, or n_ot consisting of matter ; destitution of matter. 
IM-Mx\-Tl<:'RI-AL-lZED, a. Rendered or made immate- 
rial. Olanville. 

IM-MA-Tk'RI-AL-LY, adv. 1. In a manner not depending 
on matter. 2. In a manner unimportant. 
IM-MA-Tk'RI-AL-NESS, 71. The state of being immaterial ; 
immateriality. 

IM-MA-Te'RI-ATE, a. Not consisting of matter ; incorpo- 
real ; immaterial ; [little 7tsed.] Bacon. 

IM-MA-TuRE', a. [L. imrnatnrus.] 1. Not mature or ripe ; 
unripe ; that has not arrived to a perfect state. 2. Not 
perfect ; not brought to a complete state. 3. Hasty ; too 
early ; that comes before the natural time. 
IM-MA-TuRE'LY, adv. Too soon ; before ripeness or com- 
pletion ;_before the natural time. 

I?d-MA-TuRE'NESS, i n. Unripeness ; incompleteness ; 
IM-MA-Tu'RI-TY, | the state of a thing which has 
not arrived to perfection. 

IM-ME-A-BIL'I-TY, 7i. Want of power to pass. 
IM-MEAS'U-RA-BIjE, (im-mezh'U ra-bl) a. That cannot 
be measured ; immense ; indefinitely extensive. 
IM-MEAS'U-RA-BLY, adv. To an extent not to be measur- 
ed ; immensely ; beyond all measure. Milton. 
IM-MEAS'URED, a. Exceeding common measure. 
IM-ME-CHAN'I-CAL, a. Not consonant to the laws of me- 
chanics. Cheijne. 

* OI-Me'DI-xA-CY, 77. Power of acting without depend- 
ence. Shak. 


t Obsolete, 


liAIM 


431 


IMM 


* IM-MS'DI-ATE, [Fr. i/rtmfffiaf.] 1 . Proximate ; acting 
witliout a nietlium, or without tiie luterveution of another 
cause or means j pro'lncing its etTect by its own direct 
agency. ::2. -Not acting by second causes. 3. Instant; 
present ; without the intervention of time. 

* L'd--\ji'', Dt-A’i’F-LY, adv. 1. Witliout the intervention of 
any otlier cause or event. 2. Instantiy ; at tlie [iresent 
time ;_witlK»ut delay, or tlie intervention of time. 

lai-.'d to i Ji- ATE -NESS, n. 1. Presence witli regard to time. 

2. Exemption from second or intervening causes. 
IM--MED t-oA-BLE, a. [L. immedicabiUs.] Not to be lieal- 

ed incurable. Mdtun. 

I.M-ilE-ljO'Ul-OfTS, a. N it melodious. Di'ummond. 
li.U--ME-M''J-llA-BLE, a. [L. ini>nemorabilis.] Not to be re- 
membered ; not worth remembering. 

IM-.ME-iMf)'lU-AL, (/. [Fr.] Beyond memory ; an epithet 
given to time or duration, &c., whose beginning is not re- 
membered. 

IM-M E-Mo'll[-AL-LY, ado. Beyond memory. Bentley. 
LM-MENSE', (im-niens ) a. [Fr. ; L. imnensas.^ 1. Unlim- 
ited ; unbounded , infinite. '2. Vast in extent ; very great. 

3. Huge in bulk ; very targe. 

IM-.ME-\'SE fjV, ado. 1. Infinitely ; without limits or meas- 
ure. 2. V'astly ; very greatly. 

IM-.uS-'JSE'NE.-sS, n. Unbounded greatness. More. 
IM-.NIENS't-T Y, rt. 1. Unlimited extension ; an extent not 
to be measured ; infinity. 2. Vastness in extent or bulk ; 
greatness. 

I-AI-.M I'lN-HlJ-R A-BIL I-TY, w. The quality of not being ca- 
pable of measure ; impossibility to be measured. 

LM-M EN'HU-ll-V-BUE, a. [L. in und mensurabilis.l Not to 
be measured ; immeasurable. 

I-M-’d EN SU-RATE, a. Unmeasured. JV. Moimtatru. 
IM-.MERU E', (im ineri') v. t. [L. i miner <{o.] 1. Toplunge 

into or under a Iluid. 2. v. i. To enter the light of the 
sun, as a star, or the shadow of the earth, as the moon, 
t UM-i\JEli'lT, //. Want of worth, 
t iM-MER'lT-El), g. Unmerited, 
t IM-,MER'lT-OUS, a. Undeserving. 

IM-.MERSE', (im-mers') v. t. [L. immersus.] 1. To put un- 
der water or other Iluid ; to plunge ; to dip. 2. To sink 
or cover deep ; to cover wholly. 3. To plunge ; to over- 
whelm ; to involve ; to engage deeply. 
fOl-MERSE', a. Buried ; covered ; sunk deep. Bacon. 
IM-MER.S'ED, (im-merst') pp. Put into a fluid ; plunged ; 
deeply engaged ; enveloped. 

IM-MERS'ING, ppr. Plunging into a fluid ; dipping; over- 
whelming ; deeply engaging. 

IM-.MER'SION, 71. I. The act of putting into a fluid below 
the surface ; the act of plunging into a fluid till covered. 
2. The state of sinking into a fluid. 3. The state of being 
overwhelmed or deeply engaged. — 4. In astronomy^ the 
act of entering into the light of thesun, or into the shadow 
of the earth. 

I-M-MESIP, XI. t. To entangle in the meshes of a net. 
IM-MESH'ED, (im-mesht') pp. Entangled in meshes or webs. 
IM-MESIPING, ppr. Entangling in meshes or webs, 
f IM-METH'OD-ED, a. Not having method ; without regu- 
larity. 

IM-ME-TIIOD'I-GAL, a. Having no method ; without sys- 
tematic arrangement ; without order or regularity ; con- 
fused. 

IM-ME-THOD'I-€/\L-LY, ado. Without order or regulari- 
ty ; irregularly. 

IH-ME-THODT-G-AL-NESS, n. Want of method. 
IM'-MI-GRANT, v. A person that removes into a country 
for the purpose of permanent residence. 

IM MI-GRATE, v. i. [L. innni^ro.] To remove into a coun- 
try for the ])urpose of permanent residence. Belknap. 
IM-MI-GR-A^TION, 77. The passing or removing into a 
country for the purpose of permanent residence. 
IM'MI-NEXCE, 71. [L. imminentia.'\ Properly^ a hanging 
over, but used by Shakspcarc for impending evil or dan- 
ger. [Little xised.] 

liPMI-NENT, a. [L. imminens.] Literally., shooting over ; 
hence, hanging over ; impending ; threatening ; near ; ap- 
pearing as if about to fall on ; used of evils. 

I.AI-'dlN'GLE, 0 . t. To mingle ; to mix ; to unite with. 
IM-MLV'GLEI), p/7. Mixed ; mingled. 

IM-MIN'GLING, ppr. Mixing ; mingling. 
IM-MI-NfJ'TION, 77. \L. imminxitio.^ A lessening; dimi- 
11 lit ion * 

IM-MIS-CT-BILT-T Y, n. [L. immisceo.'] Incapacity of be- 
ing mixed. 

IM-xMIS'Cl-BLE, a. Not capable of being mixed. 
iM-MIS'SrON, 77. [h.immissio.] The act of sending or thrust- 
ing in ; injection. 

IM-MIT', V. t. [L. immitto.] To send in ; to inject, 
f M-MIT'I-G A-BTiE, a. That cannot be mitigated. 

IM-MIX', V. t. To mix ; to mingle.' 

IM-MIX'A-BTjE, a. Not cap<\ble of being mixed. 

1 f ^ ^ ^ • Ij n m 1 X 0 fl « I let* u€i f, u 

IM-MO-BIIj'I-TY, 77. [Fr. immohilite.'\ Unmovableness ; 


fixedness in place or state ; resistance to motion. Arhith- 
not. 

IM-MOD'ER-A-CY, 77 . Excess. Brown. 

I M-M(.)D LR-A PE, a. [L. iininoderatus.'\ Exceeding just or 
Usual bouuus ; not confined to suitable limits : excessive ; 
extravagant ; unreasonable. ' 

IM-MOU'E R-A 1 E-L Y, ado. Excessively ; loan undue de- 
gree ; unreasonably. 

IM-MODER-ATE-NESS, 77. Excess ; extravagance. 

IM-MOD-ER--A'rjON, 77. Excess ; want of moderalion 

IM-MOD'ES'P, G. [Fr. immodeste:] 1. Immo.lerate • exor- 
bitant ; unreasonable ; arrogant. 2. Wanting in the re- 
serve or restraint which decency re(|U'.res ; wanting inde- 
cency and delicacy. 3. Wanting in chastity ; unchasie ; 
lewd. 4. Impure ; indelicate. 5. Obscene. 

IM -MOD'EST-liY, ado. WitJiout due reserve ; indecently : 
unchastely ; obscenely. 

IM-MOL>'EST-Y, 77 . [L. 7';77/707^e.9h'rt.] 1. Want of imaii?;.-, . 

indecency ; unchastity. 2. Want of delicacy or decc 't 
reserve. 

IM'-MO-LATE, V. t. [Fr. immoler.'] 1. To sacrifice ; to kul, 
as a victim offered in sacrifice. 2. To offer in sacrifice. 

IM'MO-JjA-TEI), pp. Sacrificed ; offered in sacrifice. 

IM'MO-LA-TIN(i, ppr. Sacrificing ; offering, as a victim. 

IM-MO-L-A'TION, 77. 1 . 'i he act of sacrificirjg. Brown. 2. 
A sacrifice offered. 

IM'MO-L A-TOR, 77. One who offers in sacrifice. 

IM-xMoLI)', V. t. To form ; to itiold. G. Fletcher. 

IM-MoOIENT, a. Trilling. [JVot F.nylish.] Shak. 

IM-iNIO-MENT'OUS, a. Unimportant. Seward. 

1-M-MOR'AL, a. I. Inconsistent with moral rectitude ; con- 
trary to the moral or divine law ; wicked; unjust; dis- 
honest; vicious. 2. Wicked or unjust in practice; vi- 
cious ; dishonest. 

Kvl-MO-RAL'I-TY, n. Any act or practice which contra- 
venes the divine commands or the social duties. 

IM-MORfi‘VL-LY, ado. Wickedly ; viciously ; in violation 
of law or duty. 

IM-MO-RIG'ER-OUS, a.< [Uow L. imTnori^er.l Rude; un- 
civil. Stackhouse. 

IM-MO-RIG'ER-OUS-NESS, n. Rudeness ; disobedience. 


Bp. Taylor. 

IM-MOR'TAL, a. [L. immortalis.'\ 1. Having no principle 
of alteration or corruption ; exempt from death ; having 
life or being that shall never end. 2. Never-ending ; ev- 
erlasting ; continual. 3. Periretual ; having unlimited ex- 
istence. 4. Destined to live in all the ages ol this world ; 
imperishable. 

IM-MOll-TALT-TY, n. ]. The quality of never ceasiii" to 
live or exist ; exemption from death and annihilation ; 
life destined to endure without end. 2. Exemption from 
oblivion. 3. Perpetuity j existence not limited. 

IM-MOR-TAL-T-ZaQTON\, n. The act of iinmortalizing. 

IM-MOR'TAL-lZE, v. t. [Fr. immortaliser 1. 'i'o render 
immortal; to make perpetual; to cause to live or exist 
while the world shall endure. 2. To exempt from oblivi- 
on ; to make perpetual. 

t IM-MOR'TAL-TZE, v. i. To become immortal. Pwjxe. 

IM-MOR'TAL-TZED, pp. Rendered immortal or perpetual. 

1M-MOR'TAL-IZ-ING,p; 77-. Making immortal. 

IM-MOR'TAL-UY, ado. With endless existence ; with ex- 
emption from death. 

IM-JMOR-TI-FI-€a'TION, n. Want of subjection of the 


passions. Bp. Taylor. 

IM-MoV-A-BIL'I-TY, 77 . Steadfastness that cannot be mov- 
ed or shaken. 

IM-MoV<A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be moved from its 
place. 2. Not to be moved from a purpose ; steadfast ; 
fixed ; that cannot be induced to change or alter. 3. 
That cannot be altered or shaken ; unalterable ; un- 
changeable. 4. That cannot be affected or moved ; not 
impressible ; not susceptible of compassion or tender feel- 
ings ; unfeeling. 5. Fixed ; not liable to be removed ; 
permaTient in place. 6. Not to be shaken or agitated. 

IM-MoV'A-BLE-NESS, 77. The quality of being immovable. 

IM-MCV'A-BLY, ado. In a manner not to be moved from 
its place or purpose ; or in a manner not to be shaken ; 
unalterably ; unchangeably. 

IM-MUND', a. [L. immundus.'] Unclean. 

IM-MUN-DIC'I-TY, 77. Uncleanness. Moimtaeru. 

IM-Mu'Nl-TY, 77. [Fv. iminunitc.] 1. Freedom or exemp- 
tion from obligation. 2. Exemption f#om any charge, du- 
ty, office, tax or imposition ; a particular privilege. 3. 
Freedom. 

IM-MORE', V. t. [Norm, emmurrer.'] 1. To inclose with- 
in walls ; to shut up ; to confine. 2. To Avail ; to sur- 
round with walls. 3. To imprison. 

f IM-MuRE', 77. A Avail. Shak. 

IM-MUR'ED, (im-mfird') vp. Confined within Avails. 

IM-Mu'SI-€AL, a. Not musical; inharmonious; not ac- 
cordant ; harsh. Bacon. 

IM-MU-TA-BIL'I-ff'Y, n. [Fr. immutabilitc.] Unchangea- 
bleness ; the quality that renders change or alteration im- 
possible ; iiiA'ai iableness. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;—BlJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


4 


IMP 432 IMP 


IM-Mfj^TA-BLE, a. [L, immuta})ilis,'\ Unchangeable ; in- 
variable j unalterable j not capable or susceptible of 
change. 

IM-Mu'TA-BLE-NESS, n. Unchangeableness ; immutabil- 
ity. 

fM-MO'TA-BLY, adv. Unchangeably ; unalterably ; invari- 
ably ; in a manner that admits of no change. 

IM-Mu'TATE, a. [L. imviutatus.] Unchanged. 

IM-MU-Ta'T10N, n. [L. immutatio.] CJiange ; alteration. 

IM-MOTE', rj. t. [L. immuto.] Tochange; toalter. Salkeld. 

IMP, n. [VV. imp,] 1. A son ; offspring ; progeny. 2. A 
subaltern or puny devil. Milton. 

IMP, V, U [W. impiaw.] 1. To graft. Chaucer. 2. I’o 
lengthen j to extend or enlarge by something inserted or 
added. 

IM-Pa'CA-BLE, a. Not to be appeased or quieted. 

Ii\I-PA€T', V. t. [L. impactus.] To drive close j to press or 
drive firmly together. Woodward. 

IMP ACT, n. Touch ; impression. Darwin. 

IM-PAGT'ED, pp. Driven hard ; made close by driving. 

JM-PaINT', V. t. To paint ; to adorn with colors. 

IM-PAIR', V. t. [Fr. empirer.] 1. To make worse ; to di- 
minish in quantity, value or excellence. 2. To weaken ; 
to enfeeble. 

IM-PAlR', V. L To be lessened or worn out. [Little used.] 

IM'PAIR, a. [L. impar.] In crystalography, when a dif- 
ferent number of faces is presented by the prism, and by 
each summit j but the three numbers follow no law of 
progression. 

t IM-PAlR', or IM-PAIR'MENT, n. Diminution j decrease ; 
injury. Brown, 

IM-PAIR'ED, (im-paird') pp. Diminished; injured; weak- 
ened. 

IM-PAIR'ER, 71. He or that which impairs. 

IM-PAIR'ING, ppr. Making worse; lessening; injuring; 
enfeebling. 

IM-PAUA-TA-BLE, a. Unpalatable. [Little used.] 

IM-PaLE', V. t. [L. in and palus.] 1. To fix on a stake ; to 
put to death by fixing on an upright, sharp stake. [See 
Empale.] 2. To inclose with stakes, posts or palisades. 
— ^3. In heraldry^ to join two coats of arms pale- wise. 

f IM-PAL'LID, V. t. To make pallid or pale. Feltham. 

IM-PALM', (im-pam') v. t. [L. in and palrna.] To grasp ; to 
take in the hand. 

IM-PAL-PA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being palpa- 
ble, or perceptible by the touch. Jortin. 

IM-PALTA-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Not to be felt ; that cannot 

be perceived by the touch. 2. Not coarse or gross. 

IM-PAL'SY, V. t. To strike with palsy ; to paralize ; to 
deaden. 

IM'PA-NATE, a. [L. in and panis.] Imbodied in bread. 
Cranmer. 

IM'PA-NATE, 77. t. To imbody with bread. Waterland. 

IM-PA-Na'TION, 77. The supposed substantial presence of 
the body and blood of Christ, with the substance of the 
bread and wine, after consecration, in the eucharist ; a 
tenet of the Lutheran church. 

IM-PAN'NEL, 77. t. To write or enter the names of a jury 
in a list or on a piece of parchment, called s.pannel; to 
form, complete or enroll a list of jurors. 

IM-PAN'NELED, pp. Having the names entered in a pan- 
nel ; formed, as a jury. 

IM-PAN'NEl^ING, ppr. Writing the names on a pannel ; 
forming, as_a jury. 

IM-PAR' A-DiSE, V. t. [li.imparadisare.] To put in a place 
of felicity ; to make happy. 

IM-PAR'A-DiSED, pp. Placed in a condition resembling 
that of paradise ; made happy. 

IM-PAR' A-DI-SING, ppr. Making very happy. 

t IM-PAR'AL-LELED, a. Unparalleled. Burnet. 

IM-PAR-A-SYL-LAB'IC, a. [L. in, par, and sxjllaha.] Not 
consisting of an equal number of syllables. 

IM-PAR'DON-A-BLE, a. Unpardonable. Sduth. 

IM-Px\R'I-TY, 71. 1. Inequality ; disproportion. 2. Odd- 
ness ; indivisibility into equal parts. 3. Difl[erence of de- 
gree, rank or excellence. 

IM-PaRK', V. t. To inclose for a park ; to make a park by 
inclosure ; to sever from a common. 

IM-PaRL', 77. i. [Norm. einpeJcr.] To hold mutual dis- 
course ; appropriately, in law, to have license to settle a 
lawsuit amicably ; to have delay for mutual adjustment. 

TM-PaR'LANCE,»77. 1. Properly, leave for mutual dis- 
eourse ; appropriately, in law, the license or privilege of a 
defendant to have delay of trial, to see if he can settle the 
matter amicably. 2, Tlie continuance of a cause till an- 
other day. 

IM-PAR-SON-EE', a. A parson imparsonee is a parson pre- 
sented, instituted and inducted into a rectory. 

JM-PART', 77 . t. [L. impertior,] 1. To give, grant or com- 
municate ; to bestow on another a share or portion of 
something. 2. To grant ; to give ; to confer. 3. To com- 
municate the knowledge of something; to make known ; 
to show by words or tokens, 

JM-PART'ANCE, n. Communication of a share ; grant. 


IM-PAR-Ta'TION, 71. The act of imparling or conferring. 

IM-PART'ED, pp. Communicated ; granted ; conferred. 

IM-PAR'TIAL, a. 1. Not partial ; not biased in favor of one 
party more than another ; indifferent ; unprejudiced ; dis- 
interested. 2. Not favoring one party more tlian another; 
equitable ; just. 

IM-PAR'TIAL-IST, n. One who is impartial. 

IM-PAR-TIAL'I-TY, (im-par-shal'e-ty) n. 1. Indifference of 
opinion or judgment ; freedom from bias in favor of one 
side or party more than another ; disinterestedness. 2. 
Equitableness ; justice. 

IM-PAR'TIAL-LY, adv. Without bias of judgment ; with- 
out prejudice ; equitably ; justly. 

IM-PAR-Tl-BILi'I-TY, n. 1. The quality of not being sub- 
ject to partition. 2. The quality of being capable of being 
communicated. 

IM-PART'I-BLE, a. [Sp. impartible.] 1. Not partible or 
subject to partition. 2. [from impart.] That may be im- 
parted, conferred, bestowed or communicated. 

IM-PART'ING, ppr. Communicating; granting; bestow- 
ing. 

IM-PART'MENT, 77. The act of imparting; the communi- 
cation of knowledge ; disclosure. Shak. 

IM-PASS'A-BLE, a. That cannot be passed ; not admitting 
a passage. Milton. 

IM-PASS'A-BLE-NESS, 77. The state of being impassable. 

IM-PASS'A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that prevents 
passing, or the power of passing. 

IM-PAS-SI-BIL'I-TY, or IM-PAS'SI-BLE-NESS, t?. Exemp- 
tion from pain or suffering ; insusceptibility of injury from 
external things. 

IM-PAS'SI-BLE, a. [Fr. impassible.] Incapable of pain, pas- 
sion or suffering ; that cannot be affected with pain or un- 
easiness. 

IM-PAS'SION, 77. t. To move or affect strongly with pas- 
sion. 

IM-PAS'SION-ATE, 77 . t. To afiect powerfully. 

IM-PAS'SION-ATE, a. 1. Strongly affected. 2. Without 
passion or feeling. Burton. 

IM-PAS'SIONED, a. 1. Actuated or agitated by passion. 2. 
Animated ; excited ; having the feelings warmed. 3. An- 
imated ; expressive of passion or ardor. 

IM-PAS'SIVE, a. [L. in and passus.] Not susceptible of 
pain or suffering. Dryden. 

IM-PAS'SIVE-LY, adv. Without sensibility to pain. 

IM-PAS'SI VE-NESS, n. The state of being insusceptible of 
pain. Mountaffu. 

IM-PAS-SIV'I-TY, 77. The quality of being insusceptible of 
feeling, pain or suffering. 

IM-PA^Ta'TION, 77. The mixtion of various materials of 
different colors and consistences. 

IM-PaSTE', 77 . t. [Fr. empdter.] 1. To knead ; to make into 
paste. — 2. In painting, to lay on colors thick and bold. 

IM-PaST'ED, a. 1. Concreted, as into paste. Shak. 2. Past- 
ed over ; covered with paste, or with thick paint. 

IM-PAT'I-BLE, a. [L. impatibilis.] Intolerable ; that can- 
not be borne. 

IM-Pa'TIENCE, (im-pa'shens) n. [Fr. ; L. impatientia.] 
Uneasiness under pain or suffering ; the not enduring 
pain with composure ; restlessness. 

IM-Pa'TIENT, a. [L. impatiens.] 1. Uneasy or fretful un- 
der suffering ; not bearing pain with composure ; not en- 
during evil without fretfulness, uneasiness, and a desire 
or effort to get rid of the evil. 2. Not suffering quietly ; 
not enduring. 3. Hasty ; eager ; not enduring delay. 4. 
Not to be borne. 

IM-Pa'TIENT, 77. One who is restless under suffering. 

IM-Pa'TIENT-LY, adv. 1. With uneasiness or restlessness. 
2. With eager desire causing uneasiness. 3. Passionate- 
ly ; ardentlv. 

IM-PAT-RON-I-Za'TION, 77. Absolute seignory or posses- 
sion. Cotgrave. 

IM-PAT'RON-IZE, 77 . t. [Fr. impatroniser.] To gain to 
one’s self the power of any seignory. 

IM-PAWN', V. t. To pawn ; to pledge ; to deposit as secu- 
rity. 

IM-PeACH', 77 . t. [Fr. empSchcr.] 1. To hinder ; to impede. 

2. To accuse ; to charge with a crime or misdemeanor. 

3. To accuse ; to censure ; to call in question. 4. To call 
to account ; to charge as answerable. 

tIM-PF.ACH', 77. Hinderance. 

IM-PeACH'A-BLE, a. 1. Liable to accusation ; chargeable 
with a crime ; accusable ; censurable. 2. Liable to be 
called in question ; accountable. 

IM-PeACH'ED, (im-peecht') jrp. Hindered ; [ 06 s.] 2. Ac- 
cused ; charged with a crime, misdemeanor or wrong ; 

■ censured. 

IM-PeACH'ER, 77. An accuser by authority ; one who calls 
in question. 

IM-Pe.ACH'ING, ppr. 1. Hindering; [ 06 . 5 .] 2. Accusing 

by authority : calling in question the rectitude of conduct. 

IM-PeACH'MENT, 77. 1. Hinderance ; impediment ; stop ; 
obstruction ; [obs.] Shak. 2. An accusation or charp 
brought against a public officer for maladministration in 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long,— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;-PREY ;-PlN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


IMP 


433 


IMP 


his office. 3 . The act of impeaching. 4 . Censure ; ac- 
cusation ; a calling in question the purity of motives or 
the rectitude of conduct, <fec. 5 . Tlie act of calling to ac- 
count, as for waste. G. The state of being liable to ac- 
count, as for waste. 

IM-PEARL', (iin-peil''i v. t. 1 . To form in the resemblance 
of pearls. 2 . To decorate with pearls, or with things re- 
sembling pearls. 

IM-PEC-CA-BiL'I-TY, or IM-PEC'CAN-CY, n. The qual- 
ity of net being liable to sin j exemption from sin, error 
or offense. Pope. 

IM-PEC CA-BLE, a. [Sp. impecable ,• Fr. impeccable.^ Not 
liable to sin ; not subject to sin 3 exempt from the possibil- 
ity of sinning. 

IM-PeDE', 11. t. [i>p. impedir i 1j. impedio.] To hinder j to 
stop^in progress; to obstruct. 

IM-PeD'E 1 ), pp. Hindered ; stopped ; obstnicted. 
IM-PEOR-MExVT, n. [L. impcdunentiun.] 1 . That which 
hinders progress or motion ; hinderance ; obstruction. 2. 
That which prevents distinct articulation. 
tIM-PED'i-.MENT, v.t. To impede. Bp. Reynolds. 
IM-PED-[-MEx\T'AL, a. Hindering; obstructing. 
IM-PeDTNG, ppr. Hindering ; stopping ; obstructing, 
t IM'PE-DiTE, V. t. To impede. 

IM-PEDH-TiVE, o. Causing hinderance. Sanderson. 
IM-PEL', V. t. [yp. impeler ; L. impcllo.] To drive or urge 
forward ; to press on ; to excite to action. 

IM-PELL'ED, (im-pelld') pp. Driven forward ; urged on 3 
moved by any force or power. 

IM-PELL'ENT, n. A power or force that drives forward 3 
impulsive power. Glanville. 

IM-PELL'Elt, n. He or that which impels. 

IM-PELLTNG, ppr. Driving forward ; urging 3 pressing. 
IM-PEX', V. t. To pen 3 to shut or inclose. 

IxM-PEND', v.i. [L. impendeo.] 1 . To hang over 3 to be 
suspended above 3 to threaten. 2 . To be near 3 to be ap- 
proaching and ready to fall on. 

IM-PEND'EXCE, ) n. The state of hanging over ; near ap- 
IM-PEND'EN-CY, ^ proach ; a menacing attitude. 
IIM-PEND'ENT, a. Hanging over 3 imminent 3 threatening 3 
pressing closely. Hale. 

liU-PEXD'lNG, ppr. Hanging over 3 approaching near 3 
threaten in*^. 

IIM-PEiX-E-TRA-BIL'I-TY, 71 . 1 . The quality of being im- 
penetrable. — 2 . In philosophy, that quality of matter which 
prevents two bodies from occupying the same space at 
the same time. 3 . Insusceptibility of intellectual im- 
pression. 

IM-PEN'E-TRA-BLE, a. [L. impevetrabilis.] 1 . That can- 
not be penetrated or pierced ; not admitting the passage 
of other bodies. 2 . Not to be affected or moved 3 not ad- 
mitting impressions on the mind. 3 . Not to be entered 
by the sight. 4 . Not to be entered and viewed by the eye 
oi'’ the intellect. 

IM-PEN'E-TRA-BLE-NESS, n. Impenetrability, which 

S00« 

TM-PEN'E-TRA-BLY, adc. 1 . With solidity that admits 
not of being penetrated. 2 . With hardness that admits 
not of impression. 

IM-PEN'I-TENCE, ) n. [Fr. impenitence.] Want of peni- 
IM-PEX"'I-TEX-CY, ) tence or repentance 3 absence of 
contrition or sorrow for sin 3 obduracy 3 hardness of 
heart. 

IM-PEN'I-TENT, a. [Fr.] Not penitent ; not repenting of 
sin 3 not contrite 3 obdurate ; of a hard Iieart. 
IM-PEN'I-TENT, n. One who docs not repent 3 a hardened 
sinner. 

IM-PEN'I-TENT-LY, adv. Without repentance or con- 
trition for sin 3 obduratel5^ 

IM-PEX'NOUS, a. Wanting wings. 

IM-PeO'PLE, V. t. To form into a community. Beaumont. 
f IM'PE-R ATE, a. [L. imperatns.] Done by impulse or di- 
rection of the mind. South. 

IM-PERhA-TIVE, a. [Fr. iniperatif ; ~L. imperativus.] 1 . 
Commanding ; expressive of command 3 containing posi- 
tive command. — 2 . In grammar, the imperative mode of 
a verb is that which expresses command. 
IM-PER'A-TiVE-LY, adv. With command 3 authorita- 
tively. 

t IM-PER-A-To'RI-AL, a. Commanding. JVorris. 
IM-PER-CEP'TI-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1 . Not to be perceived 3 not 
to be known or discovered by the senses. 2 . Very small 3 
fine 3 minute in dimensions 3 or v^ery slow in motion or 
progress. 

1 M-P£R-CEP'TI-BLE, n. That which cannot be perceived 
by the senses on account of its smallness. [Little xised.] 
IM-PER-CEP'TI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being im- 
perceptible. Hale. 

IM-PER-CEP'TI-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be per- 
ceived. 

IM-PER-CIP'I-ENT, a. Not perceiving or having power to 
perceive. Baxter. 

IM-PER-DI-BIL'I-TY, n. State or quality of being im- 
perdible. 


IM-PER*DI-BLE, a. Not destructible. 

IM-PER'FEGT, a. [L. imperfect as.] 1. Not finished 3 not 
complete. 2. Defective 3 not entire, sound or whole ; 

a part 3 impaired. 3 . Not perfect in intellect; 
liable to err. 4 . Not perfect in a moral view 3 not accord- 
ing to the laws of God, or the rules of right. — 5 . In gram- 
mar, Xhe imperfect tense denotes an action in time past, 
then piesent, but not finished. — 6. In music, incomplete 3 
not having all the accessary sounds. 

t IM-PER'FE€T, v. t. To make imperfect. Broun. 

IM-PER-FEC'TION, n. [Fr., from E. imperfectio.] Defect ; 
fault 3 the want of a part or of something necessary to 
complete a thing. 

IM-PER'FEGl'-L Y, adv. In an imperfect manner or degree ; 
not fully ; not entirely 3 not completely. 

IM-PER'FE€T-NESS, ?/. The state of being imperfect. 

IM-PER'FO-RA-BLE, a. That cannot be jierforated. 

liM-PER'FO-RATE, a. [L. in and perforalus.] Not perfo- 
rated or pierced ; liaviug no opening. Sharpe. 

IM-PERT^O-RA-TED, a. 1 . Not perforated. 2 . Having no 
pores. 

OI-PER-FO-Ra'TION, n. The state of being not perforated, 
or without any aperture. 

IM-Pli'RI-AL, (i. [Fr. 3 L. -i/w^cria/i-s'.] 1 . Pertaining to an 
empire, or to an emperor. 2 . Royal 3 belonging to a 
monarch. 3 . Pertaining to royalty 3 denoting sovereign- 
ty. 4 . Commanding ; maintaining supremacy . — Imperial 
chamber, the sovereign court of the German empire. — Im- 
perial city, a city in Germany which has no head but the 
emperor . — Imperial diet, an assembly of all the states of 
the Jlerman empire. 

IM-Pe'RI-AL- 1 ;ST, n. One who belongs to an emperor 3 a 
subject or soldier of an emperor. 

IM-PE-RI-AL'I-T Y, n. i. Imperial power. 2 . The right 
of an emperor to a share of the produce of mines, &c. 

IM-Pe'RI-AL-iZED, a. Belonging to an emperor. Fuller. 

IM-Pe'RI-AL-LY, adv. In a royal manner. 

IM-PER'IL, V. t. To bring into danger. Spenser. 

IM-Plc'RI-OUS, a. [L. imperiosus.] 1 . Commanding; dic- 
tatorial 3 bauglity 3 arrogant 3 overbearing ; domineering. 
2 . Commanding 3 indicating an imperious temper 3 au- 
thoritative. 3 . Powerful 3 overbearing ; not to be opposed 
by obstacles. 4 . Commanding ; urgent 3 pressing. 5 . 
Autlioritative 3 commanding with rightful autiiority. 

IM-Pe'RI-OIJS-LY, adv. ]. With arrogance of command 3 
with a liaugbty air of authority 3 in a domineering man- 
ner^ 2 , With uigencj’ or force not to be opposed. 

IM-Pe RI-OUS-NEtfJ;’, n. 1. Authority 3 air of command. 
South. 2 . Arrogance of command 3 haughtiness. 

IM-PERTSH-A-BLE, a. [Fr. imperissablr.] Not subject to 
decay 3 not liable to perish 3 indestructible 3 enduring 
permanently. 

IM-PERTSH-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being imper- 
ishable. 

IM-PER'I-WIGGED, a. [Fr. empeimuque.] Wearing a peri- 
wig. 

IM-PER'MA-NENCE, 7?. Want of permanence. 

IM-PER'MA-NENT, a. Not permanent. 

IM-PER-ME-A-B 1 L'I-TY, n. The quality of being imper- 
meable by a fluid. Cavallo. 

IM-PER'ME-A-BLE, a. [L. in and permeo.] Not to ba 
passed through the pores by a fluid. 

IIM-PER'SON-AL, a. [Fr. impersovncl.] In grammar, an 
impersonal verb is one which is used only with the ter- 
mination of the third person singular, with it for a nomina- 
tive in English, and without a nominative in Latin 3 as, 
it Tdi^is* 

IM-PER-SON-ALT-TY, n. Indistinction of personality. 

IM-PER'SON-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an impersonal 
verb. 

IM-PER'SON-ATE, v. t. To personify. TVartov. 

IM-PER-'SON-A-TED, a. Made persons of. iVarton. 

IM-PER-SPI-€U'I-TY, 77. Want of perspicuity, or clearness 
to the mind. 

IM-PER-SPICTJ-OUS, a. Not perspicuous 3 not clear. 

IM-PER-SCa' 3 I-BLE, a. [L. in s.nd persaasibilis.] Not to 
be moved by persuasion 3 not yielding to arguments. 

IIM-PER'Ti-NENCE, ) n. [Fr. impertinence.] 1 . Tliat 

IM-PER'TI-NEN-CY, i \vliich is not pertinent 3 that 
wliich does not belong to the subject in hand 3 that whiclt 
is of no weiglit. 2 . Tlie state of not being pertinent. 3 . 
Folly 3 rambling thought. 4 . Rudeness; improper intru- 
sion 3 interference by word or conduct which is not con- 
sistent with the age or station of the person. 5 . A trifle ; 
a thing of little or no value. 

IM-PER'TI-NENT, a. [L. impertinens.] 1 . Not pertaining 
to the matter in hand 3 of no weight 3 having no bearing 
on the subject. Tillotson. 2 . Rude 3 intrusive ; meddling 
with tliat wliich does not belong to the person. 3 . Trifling ; 
foolish 3 negligent of the present purpose. 

IM-PER'TI-NENT, 77. An intruder; a meddler 3 one who 
interferes in what does not belong to him. 

IM-PER'TI-NENT-LY, adc. 1 . Without relation to tha 
matter in hand. 2 . Officiously 3 intrusively 3 rudely. 


^ See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE 3— BULL, UNITE.— € as K 3 0 as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this. 

’28 


t Obsolete. 


IMP 


434 


IMP 


IM-PER-TRAN-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being 
capable of being passed through. Hale. 

IM-PER-TRAN'iSl-BLE, a. Not to be passed through. 

IM-PER-TURB'A-BLE, a. That cannot be disturbed or 
agitated ; permanently quiet. Encyc. 

IM-PER-T(jR-Ba'T10N, n. Freedom from agitation of 
mind ; calmness. JV. Mountaguc. 

I IM-PER-TURB'ED, (im-per-turbd') a. Undisturbed. Bai~ 
ley. 

IM-PER'VI-OUS, a. [L. irnpervius .'] 1. Not to be penetrated 
or passed through ; impenetrable. 2. Not penetrable ; not 
to be pierced by a pointed instrument. 3. Not penetrable 
by light ; not permeable to fluids. 

IM-PPlR'VI-OUiS-LY, ado. In a manner to prevent passage 
or penetration, 

IM-PER'VI-OUS-NESS, n. The state of not admitting a 
passage. 

t IM-PES'TER, V. t. {Yt.impestrer.l To trouble ; to harass. 
Cotgrave. 

IM-PE-TIG'IN-OUS, a. [L. impetigo.] Resembling the 
ring-worm or tetters; covered with scales or scabs ; scurfy. 

IM'PE-TRA-BLE, a. That may be obtained by petition. 

IMTE-TRATE, v. t. [L. impetro.] To obtain by requestor 
entreaty. Usher. 

IM-PE-TRa'TION, 71. 1. The act of obtaining by prayer or 
petition. — ^2. In Zaie, the preobtaining of benefices from 
the church of Rome, which belonged to the disposal of the 
king and other lay patrons of the realm. 

IM'PE-TRA-TIVE, a. Obtaining ; tending to obtain by en- 
treaty. Bp. Hall. 

IM'PPj-TRA-TO-RY, a. Beseeching ; containing entreaty. 
Taylor. 

IM-PET-U-OS'I-TY, 71. 1. A rushing with violence and 
great force ; fury ; violence. 2. Vehemence ; furiousness 
of temper. 

IM-PET'U-OUS, a. [Fr. impetueux ; L. impetuosiLs.] ]. 
Rushing with great force and violence ; moving rapidly ; 
furious ; forcible ; fierce ; raging. 2. Vehement of mind ; 
fierce ; hasty ; passionate ; violent. 

IM-PET'U-OIJS-LY, ado. Violently ; fiercely ; forcibly ; 
with haste and force. Addison. 

IM-PET'U-OUS-NESS, n. 1. A driving or rushing with 
haste and violence ; furiousness ; fury ; violence. 2. 
Vehemence of temper ; violence. 

IM'PE-TUS, n. [L.j 1. Force of motion; the force with 
which any body is driven or impelled. 2. The force 
with which one body in motion strikes another. 

IM-PIC TURED, a. Painted ; impressed. Spenser. 

IM'PIER. See Umpire. 

* t TM-PIERCE', V. t. To pierce through ; to penetrate. 
Drayton. 

IM-PIERCE'A-BLE, (im-pers'a-bl, or im-peers'a-bl) a. Not 
to be pierced or penetrated. Spenser. 

IM-PI'E-TY, 71. [Fr. impiete i h. iinpietas.] 1. Ungodliness ; 
irreverence towards the Supreme Being ; contempt of the 
divine character and authority ; neglect of the divine pre- 
cepts. 2. Any act of wickedness, as blasphemy and 
scofling at the Supreme Being, or at his authority ; pro- 
jffiii 6 n 0 SS 

t IM-PIG'NO-RATE, v. t. To pledge or pawn. 

t IM-PIG-NO-Ra'TION, 71. The act of pawning. 

TM-PINGE', (im-pinj*) v. i. [L. implngo.] • To fall against ; 
to strike ; to dash against ; to clash upon. 

IM-PING'ING, ppr. Striking against. 

t IM-PIN'GUATE, V. t. To fatten ; to make fat. 

IM PI-OUS, a. [L. inipius.] 1. Irreverent towards the Su- 
preme Being ; wanting in veneration for God and his au- 
thority ; irreligious ; profane. 2. Irreverent towards God ; 
proceeding from or manifesting a contempt for the Su- 
preme Being ; tending to dishonor Gc d or his laws, and 
bring them into contempt. 

IM'PI-OUS-LY, ado. With irreverence for God, or contempt 
for his authority ; profanely ; wickedly. 

IM'PI-OUS-NI‘jSS, 71. Impiety ; contempt of God and his 
laws. 

IM-PLA-€A-BIL'I-TY, or IM-PLa'€A-BLE-NESS, ti. The 
quality of not being appeasable ; iiiexorableness ; irrecon- 
cilable enmity or anger. 

IM-PLa'GA-BLE, a. [Fr., from L. implacabilis.] 1. Not 
to be appeased ; that cannot be pacified and rendered 
peaceable ; inexorable ; stubborn or constant in enmity. 
2. Not to be appeased or subdued. 

IM-PLa'€A-BLY, ado. With enmity not to be pacified or 
subdued ; inexorably. 

IM-PLANT', V. t. To set, plant or infix for the purpose of 
growth. 

IM-PLANT-a'TION, 71. The act of setting or infixing in 
the mind or heart, as principles. 

IM-PLANT'ED, pp. Set ; infixed in the mind, as principles 
or rudiments. 

IM-PLANTTNG, ppr. Setting or infixing in the mind, as 
principles. 

IM-PLAUS-I-BIL'I-TY, 71. The quality of not being plausi- 
ble or specious. 


IM-PLAUS'I-BLE, a. Not specious; not wearing the ap- 
pearance cf truth or credibility, and not likely to be 
believed. 

IM-PLAUS'I-BLY, adv. Without an appearance of proba- 
bility.* _ 

t IM-PLeACH^, V. t. To interweave. Shak. 

IM-PLeAD', V. t. To institute and prosecute a suit against 
one in court ; to sue at law. 

IM-PLeAD'ED, pp. Prosecuted ; sued ; subject to answer 
to a suit in court. 

IM-PLeAD'ER, 71. One who prosecutes another. 

IM-PLeAD'ING, ppr. Prosecuting a suit. 

t IM-PLeAS'ING, a. Unpleasing. 

IM-PLEDGE', V. t. To pawn. 

IMTLE-MENT,7i. [Low L. iinplementum.] Whatever may 
supply wants ; particularly , as now used, tools, utensils, 
vessels, instruments ; the tools or instruments of labor. 

IM-PLe'TION, 71. [L. impleo.] The act of filling ; the state 
of being full. 

IM'PLEX, a. [L. implexus.] Infolded ; intricate ; entangled ; 
complicated. 

IM-PLEX'ION, n. The act of infolding or involving ; the 
state of being involved ; involution. 

IM'PLl-UATE, 7?. t. [Fr . impliquer ; 1 j. implico.] 1. To in- 
fold ; to involve ; to entangle. 2. To involve ; to bring 
into connection with ; also, to show or prove to be con- 
nected or concerned. 

IM'PLI-UA-TED, pp. 1. Infolded ; involved. 2. Involved; 
connected ; concerned ; proved to be concerned or to have 
had a part. 

IMTLI-CA-TING, ppr. Involving; proving to be con- 
ccmcd • 

IM-PLI-U action, 71. \\j.implicatio.] 1. The act of infold- 
ing or involving. 2. Involution ; entanglement. 3. An 
implying, or that which is implied, but not expressed ; a 
tacit inference, or something fairly to be understood, 
though not expressed in words. 

TM'PLI-€A-TiVE, a. Having implication. 

IM'PLI-UA-TlVE-LY, ado. By implication. Buck. 

IM-PLIC'IT, a. [L. implicitus.] 1. Infolded; entangled; 
complicated. 2. Implied ; tacitly comprised ; fairly to be 
understood, though not expressed in words. 3. Resting 
on another ; trusting to the word or authority of another, 
without doubting or reserve, or without examining into 
the truth of the thing itself. 

IM-PLiC'IT-LY, adv. 1. By inference deducible, but not 
expressed in words ; virtually ; in reality, but not in name. 
2. By connection with something else ; dependently ; 
with unreserved confidence. 

IM-PLIC'IT-NESS, 71. The state of being implicit ; the state 
of trusting without reserve. 

IM-PLI'ED, (im-plide') pp. Involved ; contained virtually, 
though not expressed. 

IM-PLT'ED-LY, ado. By implication. 

IM-PLO-RA'TION, n. Earnest supplication. Bp. Hall. 

IM-PLoRE', V. t. [Fr. implorer ,• L. imploro.] 1. To call 
upon or for, in supplication ; to beseech ; to pray earnest- 
ly ; to petition with urgency ; to entreat. 2. To ask 
earnestly ; to beg. 

IM-PLoRE', V. i. To entreat ; to beg. 

t IM-PLoRE', 77. Earnest supplication. Spenser. 

IM-PLoR'ED, (im-pl6rd') pp. Earnestly supplicated. 

IM-PLoR'ER, 77. One who prays earnestly. 

IM-PLoR'ING, ppr. Beseeching ; entreating ; praying earn- 
estly. _ 

IM-PLuM'ED, (im-plumd') ) a. Having no plumes or feath- 

IM-PLu'MOUS, \ ers. Johnson. 

IM-PLUNGE', (im-plunj') v. t. To plunge ; to immerse. 

IM-PLY', 77. t. [Fr . impliquer IL. implico.] 1. Literally, to 
infold or involve ; to wrap up ; [obs.] 2. To involve or 
contain in substance or essence, or by fair inference, or by 
construction of law, when not expressed in words. 

IM-PLA'ING, ppr. Involving ; containing in substance, or 
by fair inference, or by construction of law. 

t IM-PO€K'ET, V. t. To pocket. 

IM-POIS'ON, v.t. [Fr. emvoisonner.] 1. To poison ; to im- 
pregnate with poison ; to corrupt with poison. 2. To 
imbitter ; to impair. 3. To kill with poison ; [rare.] 

IM-POIS'ONED, pp. Poisoned ; corrupted ; irnbittered. 

IM-POIg'ON-ING, ppr. Poisoning ; corrupting ; imbittering. 

IM-POIS'ON-MENT, n. The act of poisoning. 

I IM'PO-LAR-LY, adv. Not according to the direction of 
the poles. Brown. 

IM-POL'I-CY, 77. Inexpedience ; unsuitableness to the end 
proposed ; bad policy ; defect of wisdom. 

t IM-POL'ISHED, a. Unpolished ; rude. T. Hudson. 

IM-PO-LITE', a. Not of polished manners ; unpolite ; un- 
civil ; rude in manners. 

IM-PO-LlTE'LY, adi;. Uncivilly. 

IM-PO-LlTE'NESS, n. Incivility ; want of good manners. 

IM-POL'I-TI€, a. 1. Not wise; devising and pursuing 
measures adapted to injure the public interest. 2. Un- 
wise ; adapted to injure the public interest. 3. Not wise 
in private concerns ; pursuing measures ill suited to 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete 


IMP 


435 


IMP 


promote private welfare ; not prudent. 4. Not suited to 
promote private interest. 

t IM-PO-LlT'I-€AL, for impolitic. 

t IM-PO-LlT'I-CALr-LY, adv. Without art or forecast. 
Bacon. 

IM-POL'l-TIC-LY, adv. Not wisely ; not with due forecast 
and prudence ; in a manner to injure public or private 
interest. 

IM-PON-DER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Absolute levity ; destitution 
of sensible weight. 

IM-PON'DER-A-BLE, \ a. Not having sensible weight. 

IM-PON'DER-OUS, \ Brown. 

t IM-POOR', V. t. To impoverish. Browne. 

IM-PO-ROS'1-TY, n. Want of porosity j closeness of tex- 
ture ; compactness that excludes pores. 

IM-Po'ROUS, a. Destitute of pores 3 very close or compact 
in texture ; solid. Brown. 

IM-PoRT', V. t. [Fr. importer ; L. importo.] 1. To bring 
from a foreign country or jurisdiction, or from another 
state, into one’s own country, jurisdiction or state. 2. 
To bear or convey, as signification or meaning ; to mean ; 
to signify 3 to imply. 3. To be of weight to 3 to be of 
moment or consequence to 3 to bear on the interest of, or 
to have a bearing on. 

IMToRT, n. 1. That which is borne or conveyed in words 3 
meaning 3 signification 3 the sense which words are in- 
tended to convey. Import difiers from implication in this, 
that the meaning of a term or number of words in connec- 
tion is less obscurely expressed. Import depends less on 
inference or deduction than implication, and is also applied 
more frequently to a single word. 2. That which is im- 
ported or brought into a country from another country or 
state 5 generally in the plural. 3. Importance 3 weight: 
consequence 3 iformerly accented on the second syllable.\ 
Dry den. 

IM-PoRT'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be imported. 2. Insup- 
portable 3 not to be endured 3 [06s.] Spenser. 

* IM-PORT^ANCE, ?r. [Fr. 3 Sp. importancia.] 1. Weight 3 
consequence 3 a bearing on some interest 3 that quality of 
any thing by which it may affect a measure, interest or 
result. 2. Weight or consequence in the scale of being. 
3. Weight or consequence in self-estimation. 4. Thing 
implied 3 matter 3 subject 3 importunity 3 [06s.] Shak. 

*IM-PORT'ANT, a. [Fr.] 1. Weighty 3 momentous 3 of 
great consequence 3 liaving a bearing on some interest, 
measure or result by which good or ill may be produced. 
2. Bearing on 3 forcible 3 driving. 3. Importunate 3 [not 
'lLS€d» J 

IM-PORT'ANT-LY, adv. Weightily 3 forcibly. 

IM-POR-TA'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act or practice of im- 
porting, or of bringing from another country or state. 2. 
The wares or commodities imported. 3. Conveyance. 

IM-PoRT'ED, pp. Brought from another country or state. 

IM-PoRT'ER, n. He that imports 3 the merchant who, by 
himself or his agent, brings goods from another country or 
state. 

IM-PoRT'ING, ppr. 1. Bringing into one’s own country or 
state from a foreign or distant state. 2. Bearing, as a 
signification 3 meaning. 3. Having weight or conse- 
quence. 

t IM-PoRT'LESS, a. Of no weight or consequence. 

IM-PORT'U-NA-CY, n. The act of importuning 3 importu- 
n3.tdi0ss* 

IM-PORT'U-NATE, a. [L. importunus.'] 1. Bearing on 3 
pressing or urging in request or demand 3 urgent and per- 
tinacious in solicitation. 2. Pressing 5 urgent. 3. Incit- 
ing urgently for gratification. 

IM-PORT'fJ-NATE-LY, adv. With urgent request 3 with 
pressing solicitation. 

IM-PORT'U-NATE-NESS, n. Urgent solicitation. 

t IM-PORT'U-NA-TOR, n. One that importunes. 

IM-POR-TuNE', V. t. [Fr. imjwrtuner.] To request with 
urgency 3 to press with solicitation 3 to urge with frequent 
or unceasing application. 

f IM-POR-TuNE', a. [Ij. hnportumis.] 1. Pressing in re- 
quest 3 urgent 3 troublesome by frequent demands 3 vexa- 
tious 3 unreasonable. 2. Unseasonable. 

t IM-POR-TuNE'LY, ado, 1. With urgent solicitation 3 in- 
cessantly 3 continually 3 troublesomely. 2. Unseasonably 3 
improperly. 

IM-POR-TuN'ER, n One who is importunate. Waterhouse. 

IM-POR-Ttj'NI-TY, 71 . [Fr. importunite ; h. importiinitas.] 
Pressing solicitation 3 urgent request 3 application for a 
claim or favor, which is urged with troublesome frequen- 
cy or pertinacity. 

IM-PoRT'U-OUS, a. [L. importuosus.] Without a port, 
haven or harbor. 

IM-Po55'A-BLE, a. That may be imposed or laid on. 

IM-PoSE/, V. t. [Fr. imposer.] 1. To lay on 3 to set on 3 to 
lay on, as a burden, tax, toll, duty or penalty. 2. To 
place over by authority or by force. 3. To lay on, as a 
command 3 to enjoin, as a duty. 4. To fix on 3 to impute. 
5. To lay on, as hands in the ceremony of ordination, or 
of confirmation. 6. To obtrude fallaciously. — 7. Among 


^ ^ tlie pages on the stone, and fit on the chase . 

dPppVvP . fo*' the press.— 7 ’o impose on, to 

+ in^lead by a trick or false pretense. 

TM 'r ^o^^and 3 injunction. Shak. 

IM-PoS ED, (ini-pozd') pp. Laid on, as a tax, burden, duty 
or penalty 3 enjoined. ’ ’ ^ 

TM pS«/f^r en 3 one who enjoins. 

IM-POS ING’ ppr. 1. Laying on 3 enjoining 3 deceiving. 
2. a. Commanding 3 adapted to impress forcibly. Bv 
Hobart. ^ 


IM-PoS'ING-STONE, 71. Among pointers, the stone on 
wliich the pages or columns of types are imposed or made 
into forms. 

IM-PO-SP'TION, n. [Fr., from L. impositio.l 1. In a gen- 
eral scTise, the act of laying on. 2. The act of laying on 
hands in the ceremony of ordination. 3. The act of set- 
ting on or affixing to. 4. That which is imposed 3 a tax, 
toll, duty or excise laid by authority. 5. Injunction, as 
of a law or duty. 6. Constraint 3 oppression 3 burden. 
7. Deception 3 imposture. 8. A supernumerary exercise 
enjoined on students as a punishment. 

IM-POS-SI-BfL'I-TY, 71 . 1. That which cannot be 5 the 
state of being not possible to exist. 2. Impracticability 5 
the state or quality of being not feasible or possible to be 
done. 

IM-POS'SI-BLE, G. [Fr. 3 L. impossibilif.] 1. That can- 
not be. 2. Impracticable 3 not feasible 3 that cannot bo 
done. 

f IM-POS'SI-BLE, 71 . An impossibility. Chaucer. 

IM'PoST,?!. [Sp., It. iniposta.] 1. Any tax or tribute im- 
posed by authority. — 2. In architecture, that part of a pil- 
lar, in vaults and arches, on which the weight of the 
building rests. 

IM-POS'THU-MATE, (im-pos'tu-mate) v. i. To form an 
abscess 3 to gather 5 to collect pus or purulent matter in 
any part of an animal body. 

IM-POS'THU-MATE, v. t. To affect with an imposthunie 
or abscess. 

IM-POS'THU-MA-TED, pp. Affected with an impos- 
thume. 

IM-POS-THU-Ma'TION, 71. The act of forming an abscess 3 
also, an abscess 3 an imposthume. 

IM-POS'THUME, (im-pos'tume) n. [This word isacorrup- 
tion of apostem, Jj. apostema.] An abscess 3 a collection 
of pus or purulent matter in any part of an animal body. 

IM-POS'TIHJME, v. i. The same as imposthumate. 

IM-POS'TOR, 71 . [Fr. imposteur ; Sp., Port, impostor ; Low 
L. impostor.] One who imposes on others 3 a person who 
assumes a character for the purpose of deception 3 a de- 
ceiver under a false character. 

t IM-POST'U-RAGE, 71. Imposition. Bp. Taijlor. 

IM-POST'URE, 71. [Fr. 3 L. impostura.] Deception prac- 
ticed under a false or assumed character 3 fraud or impo- 
sition practiced by a false pretender. 

IM-POST'URED, a. Having the nature of imposture. 

IM-POST'U-ROUS, a. Deceitful. Beaumont. 

IMTO-TENCE, ^ ti. [L.impotentia.] 1. Want of strength 

IM'PO-TEN-CY, ^ or power, animal or intellectual ; 
weakness 3 feebleness 3 inability 3 imbecility 3 defect of 
power. 2. Moral inability 3 the want of power or incli- 
nation to resist or overcome habits and natural propensi- 
ties. 3. Inability to beget. 4. Ungovernable passion. 
Milton. 

IMTO-TENT, a. [Fr., from L. impotens.] 1. Weak 3 fee- 
ble 3 wanting strength or power 3 unable by nature, or 
disabled by disease or accident to perform any act. 2. 
Wanting the power of propagation, as males. 3. Want- 
ing the power of restraint 3 not having the command 


V C I * 

IM'PO-TENT, 71. One who is feeble, infirm or languishing 
under disease. Shak. 

IM'PO-TENT-LY, adv. Weakly 3 without power over the 
passions. 

IM-POUND', v. t. 1. To put, shut or confine in a pound or 
close pen. 2. To confine 3 to restrain within limits. 

IM-POUND'ED, pp. Confined in a pound. 

IM-POUND'ER, 71. One who impounds the beasts of an- 


other. . . 

IM-POUND^NG, ppr. Confining in a pound 3 restraining. 

IM-POV'ER-ISH, V. t. [Fr. appa7wrir.'[ I. To make poor; 
to reduce to poverty or indigence. 2. To exhaust strength, 
richness or fertility. 

IM-POV'ER-ISHED, pp. Reduced to poverty 3 exhausted. 

IM-POV'ER-ISH-ER, n. 1. One who makes others poor. 
2. That which impairs fertility 

IM-POV«ER-ISH-ING, ppr. Making poor 3 exhausting. 

IM-POV'ER-ISH-MENT, n. Depauperation 3 a reducing to 
indigence 3 exhaustion 3 drain of wealth, richness or ter 


tility. 

M-POW'ER. See Empower. tit A-r-esa 

M-PR AC-TI-C A-BIL'I-TY, IM-PRA€'TI-€A-BLE-ISi ESS 
71 . 1. The state or quality of being beyond hurnan pow- 
er, or the means proposed 3 infeasibility. 2 . Lntractable- 
ness 3 stubbornness. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE 3—B[JLL, UNITE.— € as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Ob^lete. 


IMP 


436 


IMP 


IM-PRA€'TI-€A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be done or per- 
Ibnned j infeasible ; not to be elfected by the means pro- 
posed. 2. Untractable ; unmanageable; stubborn. 3. 
That cannot be passed or traveled. 

IM-PilA€'TI-€A-BLY, ado. In a manner or degree that 
liiuders practice. 

IM'PRE-CATE, V. t. [L. imprecor.'] To invoke, as an evil 
on any one ; to pray that a curse or calamity may fall on 
one’s self or on another person. 

IM'P11E-€A-TED, pp. Invoked on one, as some evil 

IM'P11E-€A-T1NG, ppr. Calling for evil on one’s self or 
anotlier. 

IM-PRE-Ga'TION, n. [L. imprccatio.] The act of impre- 
cating, or invoking evil on any one ; a prayer that a curse 
or calamity may fall on any one. 

*IM'PRE-€A-TO-RY, (1. Containing a prayer for evil to 
befall a person. 

IM-PRE-CiSRON, ??. Want of precision or exactness ; de- 
fect oj accuracy. Taylor. 

IM-PRkGN'', 'iin-preeii') v. t. [It. impregnare ; Fr. impregn- 
er.'] To impregnate ; to infuse the seed of young or other 
prolific principle. 

IxM-PREG'NA-BUri, a. [Fr. imprenahle.] 1. Not to be 
stormed, or taken by assault ; that cannot be reduced by 
force ; able to resist attack. 2. Not to be moved, impress- 
ed or shaken ; invincible. 

IM-PR EG'NA-13LY, cdc. In a manner to resist penetration 
or assault ; in a manner to defy force. 

IM-PR EG'N ATE, v. t. [It. imprcguare.] 1. To infuse the 
principle of conception ; to make pregnant, as a female 
animal. 2. To deposit the fecundating dust of a flower 
on the pistils of a plant ; to render i)rolific. 3. To infuse 
particles of one thing into another ; to communicate the 
virtues of one thing to another. 

IM-PREG'xVA'J’E, a. Impregnated ; rendered prolific or 
fruitful. 

IM-PREG'NA-TED, a. Made pregnant or prolific ; fecun- 
dated ; filled with something by mixture, &.c. 

IM-PREG'NA-TING, ppr. Infusing seed or pollen ; render- 
ing pregnant; fructifying; fecundating; filling by infu- 
sion or mixture. 

IM-PR EG-Na'TION, V. [Fr.] 1. The act of fecundating 

and rendering fruitful. 2. The communication of the 
particles or virtues of one thing to another. 3. That with 
wliich any thing is impregnated. 4. Saturation. 

f IM-PUE-Ju'DI-GATE, </. [L. in, prce and judico.] Not 
prejudged ; unprejudiced ; not prepossessed; impartial. 
Brojon. 

IM-PR EP-A-Ra'TIO?v, V. Want of preparation ; unprepar- 
edness ; unreadiness. [Little used.'] 

IM-PRE-S€lUP-T[-BIL'l-TY, n. [Fr. hnprcscriptihilite.] 
Tlie state of being independent of prescription; the state 
which renders a thing not liable to be lost or impaired by 
the prescription of another, or by one’s own non-user. « 

IM-PRE-SeillP'TI-BLE, a. [Fr.] That cannot be lost or 
impaired by non-user, or by the claims of another found- 
ed on prescription. 

IM-PRESF', V. t. [L. impressum.] 1. To imprint ; to 
stamp ; to make a mark or figure on any thing by press- 
ure. 2. To print, as books. 3. To mark ; to indent. 4. 
To fix deep. 5. To compel to enter into public service, 
as seamen , to seize and take into service by compulsion, 
as nurses in sickness. 6. To seize ; to take for public ser- 
vice. 

IM'PRESS, n. 1. A mark or indentatiun, made by press- 
ure. 2. The figure or image of any thing made by press- 
ure ; stamp ; likeness. 3. Mark of distinction; stamp; 
character. 4. Devivce ; motto. 5. The act of compelling 
to enter into public service. 

IM-PRESS'ED, (im-jirest') pp. Imprinted ; stamped ; mark- 
ed by pressure ; compelled to enter public service ; seized 
for jmblic use ; fixed in the mind ; made sensible ; con- 

V iiiC0(l • 

IIM-PRESS-T-BTL'I-TY, r, . The (luality of being impressible. 

IM-PRES£'I-BLE, a. ]. That may be impressed; that 
yields to pressure ; that may receive impressions. 2. That 
inay be impressed; that may have its figure stamped on 
another body. 

IM-PRESfc'ING, ppr. Imprinting ; stamping; fixing in the 
mind ; compelling into service. 

IM-PRES'SION, 17. [Fr. ; L. impressio.] 1. The act of im- 
pressing, as one body on another. 2. Mark ; indentation ; 
stamp made by pressure. 3. The effect which objects 
produce on the mind. 4. Image in the mind ; idea. 5. 
Sensible effect. G. A single edition of a book ; the books 
printed at once. 7. Slight, indistinct remembrance. 

IM-PRESS'IVE, a. 1. Making or tending to make an im- 
pression ; having the power of affecting, or of exciting at- 
tention and feeling ; adapted to touch sensibility or the 
conscience. 2. Capable of being impressed ; susce])tible. 

IM-PRESS'lVE-LY, ado. In a manner to touch sensibility, 
or to awaken conscience ; in a manner to produce a pow- 
erful effect on the mind. 

IM-PRESS'lVE-NESS, n. The quality of being impressive. 


IM-PRESs'MENT, n. 1. The act of impressing men into 
public service. 2. The act of compelling into any ser- 
vice. 3. The act of seizing for public use. 

IM-PRESS'URE, (im-preslvur) v. The mark made by 
pressure; indentation; dent; impression. Shnk. 

IM'PRES'J', u. [It. ivtprestare.] A kind of earnest-money ; 
loan ; money advanced. Burke. 

IM-PREST', V. t. To advance on loan. 

IM-PREV'A-LENCE, n. Incapability of prevailing. 

IM-PRI-Ma'TUR, 7i. [L., let it be printed.] A license to 
print a book, <tc. 

I IM-PRE\PER-Y, n. [Fr. iniprini erie.] A print ; impression ; 
a printing-house ; art of printing. 

IM-PRl'MRS, ado. [L. 1777^71/7770'.] In the first place ; fii^st in 
order. 

IM-PRINT', V. t. [\i. im prim ere.] 1. To impress ; to mark 
by pressure. 2. To stamp letters and words on paper by 
means of types ; to print. 3. To fix on the mind or mem- 
ory ; to impress. 

IM'PRINT, n. Designation of a place where a work is 
printed. 

IM-PRINT'ED, pp. Marked by pressure ; printed ; fixed in 
the mind or memory. 

IM-PRINT'ING, ppr. Marking by pressure; printing; fix- 
ing on the mind or memory. 

IM-PRIS'ON, (im-priz'n) v. t. [Fr. emprisunuer.] 1. To 
put into a prison ; to confine in a prison or jail, or to ar- 
rest and detain in Custody in any place. 2. To confine; 
to siiut up ; to restrain from escape ; to deprive of the lib- 
erty to move from place to place. 

IM-PRIS'ONED, pp. Confined in a prison or jail ; restrain- 
ed from escape or from going at large. 

IM-PRIS'ON-ER, 77. One who causes another to be confined 
in prison. Clayton. 

IM-PRIS'ON-ING, //pr. Sliutting up in prison; confining in 
a place. 

IM-PRIS^'ON-MENT, v. I. The act of putting and confin- 
ing in prison ; the act of arresting and detaining in custo- 
dy. 2. Confinement in a place; restraint of liberty ; the 
confinement of a criminal or debtor within the wails of a 
prison. 

IM-PROB-A-BIL'I-TY, ??. The quality of brnng improbable 
or not likely to be true ; unlikelihood. 

IM-PllOB'A-BLE, a. [ISp., Fr. ; L. improlahilis.] Not like- 
ly to be true ; not to be expected under the circumstances 
of the case. 

IM-PROB'A-BLY, ado. 1. In a manner not likely to be 
true. 2. In a manner not to be approved ; [0^77?.] 

I IM'PRO-BATE, V. t. [L. improbo.] To disallow ; not to 
approve. Ainsworth. 

t OI-PRO-Ba'TION, 77. The act of disapproving. 

IM-PROB'I-TY, 77. [L. improbitas .] That which is disap- 
proved or disallowed ; want of integrity or rectitude of 
j/rinciple ; ilishonesty. 

flM-PRO-Du'CEI), a. Not produced. Ray. 

IM-PRC-FP'CIEN-CY, n. Want of proficiency. 

t IM-PROF'iT-A-BLE, a. Unprofitable. Elyut. 

I IM-PRO-LlF'I€, 77. Not prolific; unfruitful. JVaterheuse. 

f IM-PRO-LIF'I-CATE, v. t. To impregnate ; to fecundate. 

IM-PROMP'TU, 77dy. [h. in proirqjtu.] Oil' hand; without 
previous study. 

IM-PROMP<TU, 77. A piece made offhand, at the moment, 
or without previous study ; an extemporaneous composi- 
tion. 

IM-PROP'ER, 77. \yj.impro prills.] ]. Not proper ; not suit- 
able , not adapted to its end; unfit. 2. Not becoming; 
not decent ; not suited to the character, time or place. 3. 
Not according to the settled usages or principles of a lan- 
guage. 4. Not suited to a particular place or office ; un- 
qualified. 

IM-PROP'ER-TjY, ado. I. Not fitly ; in a manner not suit- 
ed to the end; in a manner not suited to the company, 
time, place and circumstances; unsuitably ; incongruous- 
ly. 2. In a manner not according with established 
iisages ; inaccurately ; ungrammatically. 

IM-PRO-PT 'TIOUS, a. Not propitious ; unpropitious. 

IM-PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLE, a. Not proportionable. 

IM-PRO-PdR'TION-A7’E, a. Not proportionate. 

IM-PRd'PRI-ATE, V. t. [L. in and propiius.] 1. To ap- 
propriate to private use ; to take to one’s self ; [not 77557/.] 
2. To annex the possessions of the church or a benefice to 
a laynnan. 

IM-PRo'PRI-ATE, a. Devolved into the hands of a lay- 
man. 

IM-PRo'PRI-A-TED, pp. 1. Appropriated to one’s self. 2. 
Put in possession of a layman. 

IM-PRd'PRI-A-TING, ppr. 1. Appropriating to one’s self. 
2. Annexing to a lay proprietor. 

IM-PRO-PRI-a'TION, 77. 1. The act of putting an ecclesi- 
astical benefice into the hands of a layman. Ayliffe. 2. 
The benefice impropriated. 

* IM-PRo'PRI-A-TOR, v. A layman who has po 'session of 
the lands of the church or an ecclesiastical living. 

TM-PRO-PRT'E-TY, 71. [Fr. impropriete.] 1. Unfitness; 


* See Synepsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WIIAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — 7 Obsolete. 


I31P 


437 


IKA 


■> 




unsnitableness to character, time, place or circumstances. 
2. Inaccuracy in language j a word or phrase not accord- 
ing with the established usages or principles of speaking 


or writKig. 


TM-PilOS-FER'I-TY, n. IJnprosperity ; want of success. 

IM-PROSTER-OUS, a. Not ])rosperous ; not successful; 
unfortunate ; not yielding profit ; not advancing interest. 

IM-PROS'PER-OUri-L Y, ado. Unsuccessfully ; uiiprosper- 
ouslv; unfortunately. Boyle. 

IM-PROS'FER-OUS-NESfc?,‘7i. Ill success. 

IM-PRoV-A-BIL I-TY, n. The state or quality of being ca- 
pable of improvement ; susceptibility of being made bet- 
ter. 

IM-PRoY'A-BLE, c. 1. Susceptible of improvement ; ca- 
pable of growing or being made better; that may be ad- 
vanced in good (jualities. 2. That may be used to advan- 
tage, or for the increase of any thing valuable. 3. Capable 
of tillage or cultivation. 

IM-PROV'''A-BL E-NESS, n. Susceptibility of improvement; 
capableness of being made better, or of being used to ad- 
vantage. 

IM-PRoV'CYBLY, ado. In a manner that admits of melio- 
ration. 

LM-PRoVE^, (im-proovO v. t. [Norm, prover.] 1. To make 
better ; to advance in value or good qualities. 2. To use 
or employ to good purpose ; to make productive ; to turn 
to profitable account ; to use for advantage ; to emj)Ioy for 
advancing interest, reputation or happiness. Jiddi^on. 3. 
To apply to practical purposes. Owen. 4. To advance or 
increase by use ; in a bad sense ; [i7C] Perteus. 5. To 
use ; to employ. T. Scott. 6. To use ; to occupy ; to cul- 
tivate ; as, the house or farm is now improved by an in- 
dustrious tenant. This application is perhaps peculiar to 
some parts of the U. States. It however deviates little 
from that in some of the foregoing definitions. 

IM-PROVE', (im-proov') v. i. To grow better or wiser; to 
advance in goodness, knowledge, wisdom or other excel- 
lence. 2. I’o advance in bad qualities ; to grow worse. 
Milner. 3. To increase; to be enhanced; to rise. — To 
improve on., to make useful additions or amendments to ; 
to bring nearer to perfection. 

Ij\I-PRO V'ED, (im-proovd') pp. 1. Made better, wiser or 
more excellent ; advanced in moral worth, knowledge or 
manners. 2. Made better ; advanced in fertility or otlier 
good qualities. 3. Used to profit or good purpose. 4. 
Used ; occupied. 

IM-PRoVE'MENT, (im-proovbnent) v. 1. Advancement 
in moral worth, learning, wisdom, skill or other excel- 

■ lence. 2. Melioration ; a making or growing better or 
more valuable. 3. A valuable addition ; excellence add- 
ed, or a change for the better. 4. Advance or progress 
from any state to a better. 5. Instruction ; growth in 
knowledge or refinement; edification. 6. Use or em- 
ployment to beneficial purposes; a turning to good ac- 
count. 7. Practical application. Tillctson. 8. The part 
of a discourse intended to enforce and apply the doctrines, 
cdlXedi the improvement. 9. Use; occupancy. 10. Im- 
provements, phi. ,• valuable additions or melioration, as 
buildings, clearings, drains, fences, &c., on a farm. Kent. 

IM-PRoV'ER, n. 1. One wlio improves; one who makes 
himself or any thing else better. 2. I’liat which im- 
proves, enriches or meliorates. 

I IM-PRO-VTD'ED, a. [h. improvisiis.] Unforeseen; unex- 
pected ; not provided against. 

IM-PROV'I-DENCE, n. [L. in and providens.] Want of 
providence or forecast ; neglect of foresight, or of the 
measures which foresight might dictate for .safety or ad- 


vantage. 

. IM-PROVT-DENT, a [L. in and providens.'] Wanting 
forecast ; wanting care to make provision for future exi- 
gences. 

IM-PROVT-DENT-LY, adv. Y/ithout foresight or forecast ; 
without care to provide against future wants. 

*■ IM-PR5V'ING, Making better ; growing better ; using 
to advantage. 

IM-PRO-VIfS'ION, n. Want of forecast; improvidence. 
lLittIeus€d.^ Brown. 

IM-PRO DENCE, n. [Fr., from. L. imprndentin.'] Yv^ant of 
piudence; indiscretion; want of caution, circumspection 
or a due regard to consequences ; heedlessness ; inconsid- 

IM-PRU'DENT, a. [Fr. ; L. impriidens.] Wanting pru- 
dence or discretion; indiscrete; injudicious; not atten- 
tive to the consequences of words or actions ; rash ; heed- 
less. 

IM-PRu'DENT-LY, adv. Without the exercise of pru- 
dence ; indiscretel 3 ^ 

IM'PU-DENCE, 11 . [Fr. ; 1j. impudens.'] Shamelessness; 
want of modesty ; effrontery ; assurance accompanied 
with a disregard of the opinions of others. 

IM'PU-DENT, a. [Fr. ; L. impudens.'] Shameless ; want- 
ing modesty ; bold, with contempt of others ; saucy. 

IM'PU-DENT-LY, adv. Shamelessly ; with indecent assur- 
ance. Sandys. 


Immodesty. 

MM-IUGN', Om-pune')^. t. [Fr. imjmgner ; L. impu^no.] 
dict^^^^^^^ ’ attack by words or arguments ; to cmitra- 

IM-PUG-Na'TION, n. Opposition. Bp, Hall 

* IM-PDGN'ED, (im-puiidO VP. Opprie^l contradicted 

‘ who op“o^es comra- 

* confraUiSh;!®’ N”-. Opposing ; attacking ; 

t IM-PU-lfe'ciANCE, ?i. [Fr.] Impotence; weakness 
IMTULSE, (inPpuls) ». [L. /. Force commu- 

nicated ; the etfect of one body acting on another. 2. In- 
fluence acting on the mind ; motive. 3. Impression • 
supposed supernatural influence on the mind. ’ 

IM-PULkSION, 11 . [Fr. ; L. 1. 4'Jie act of driv- 
ing against or impelling; the agency of a body in motion 
on another body. 2. influence on llic mind ; impulse. 

I?.l-PULfc'IV E, a. [Fr. impulsif.] Having the power of driv- 
ing or impelling ; moving ; impelient. 

IM-PULfeT v'E-L!f , adv. V\ itli force ; impulse. 

t IM-PU'Nf-BLY, adv. Without punislnnent. Pdlis. 

IiM-Puh\I-TY, n. [Fr. impunite ; E. impunitas.] 1. Exemn- 
tion from punislnnent or penalty. ^2. Free’uom or ex- 
emption from injury. 

IM-PuRE', a. [Fr. impur ; L. impurus.] ]. Not pure ; foul ; 
feculent ; tinctured ; mixed or impregnated with extrane- 
ous substance. 2. Obscene. 3. Unchaste ; lewd ; un- 
clean. 4. Defiled by sin or guilt; unholy. 5. Lnhai- 
lowed ; unholy. G. Unclean ; i i a le.gal sense ; not 
purified according to tlic ceremonial law Jf iSIoses. 

t IM-PuRE', V. t. To render foul ; to defile. Bp. Hall. 

IM-PuRE'LY, adv. In an iinimre manner; with impurity. 

IM-PDRE'NEfcE, 1 n. [Fr. imphrete ; L. impuritus.] 1. IVant 

IM-P0'R[-TY, 3 of purity ; foulness; feculence; the 
admixture of a foreign substance in any tiling. 2. Any 
foul matter. 3. Unchastity ; lewdness. 4. Want of sanc- 
tity or holiness ; defilement by guilt. 5. Want of cere- 
monial purity ; legal pollution or uiicleaniiess. G. Foul 
language ; obscenity. 

IM-PUIUPLE, V. t. To color or tinge with purple ; to make 
red or reddish. 

IM-PUR'PLING, ppr. Tinging or coloring with purple. 

IM-Pu'TA-BLE, a. 1. That may be imputed or charged to 
a person ; chargeable. 2. That may be ascribed to ; in a 
ncod sense. 3. Accusable ; diargeable Vvith a fault ; [nut 
proper.] 4. Tliat may be set to the account of another. 

IM-Pu'TA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being imputable. 

IM-PU-Ta^TON, 11 . [Fr.] 1. I'he act of imputing or charg- 
ing ; attribution ; generally in an ill sense. 2. Sometimes 
inn. ffood sense. 3. Cliarge or attribution of evil ; censure; 
reproach. 4. Hint ; sligJit notice. Sliak. 

IM-Pu'TA-TiVE, a. That may be imputed. 

IM-PU'TA-TiVE-LY, adv. By imputation. Encye. 

IM-PuTIF, V. t. [Fr. imputcr ; L. imputo.] 1. To chaige ; to 


ittribute ; to set to the account of. 


2 


To attribute ; to 

ascribe. 3. To reckon to one what does not belong to 
him_. Milton. 

IM-PuT'ED, pp. Charged to the account of ; attributed ; 
ascribed. 

IM-PuT*ER, n. One that imputes or attributes. 

IM-PuT'INU, ppr. Charging to the account of; attributing ; 
ascribing. 

Ij\I-FU-TRES'CI-BLE, a. [i?i, ana li. putresco.] Nctsubjcct 
to putrefaction or corruption. 

IN, a prefix, [L. i?i,l is used in composition as a particle of 
negation, like the Eiiglisii un, of which it seems to be a 
dialectical orthography ; or it denotes within, into, or 
a^nong, as in inbred, incase ; or it serves onl}' to augment 
or reifder emphatical the sense of the word to which it is 
prefixed, as in inclose, increase. — In, before /, is changed 
into il, as in illusion ; and before r, into ir, as in irregu- 
lar ; and into im, before a labial, as in imbittcr, immaterial, 
impatient. 

IN, prep. [L. in ; Gr. cv ; Goth, and Sax. in ; Fr. en ; 8p. 
en ; It. in ; G. in, or ein ; D. in ; Dan. v/d ; Sw. in ; W. yn.] 
In denotes present or inclosed, surrounded by limits ; as] 
in a house. It denotes a state of being mixed ; as, sugar ia 
tea. It denotes present in any state ; as, in sickness or 
health. It denotes present in time; as, m tliat hour or 
day. The uses of in, however, cannot, in all cases, lie de- 
fined by equivalent words, except by explaining tlie pJirase 
ill which it is used ; as, in fact ; in reason, &c. — In the 
name is used in plirases of invoking, swearing, declaring, 
praving, &c. — In, in many cases, is equivalent to om— 
In signifies by or through.— 7/i t 'nat is sometimes equiva- 
lent to because. — In as much, seeing ; seeing that ; this 
being the fiict; as, I will ride for iiealth, inasmuch as I am 
infirm.— 7/1 is often used without the noun to whicli ir 
properly belongs ; as, I care not who is in, or who is out ; 
tliat is, in office, or out of office.— ^To be or keep in u:ith, to 
be close or near ; as, keep the ship in with the land. 

IN-A-BILT-TY, n. [Fr. ivhabilite.] 1. Want of sufFicien? 
phvsical power or strength. 2. Y ant of auequate means. 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, Do YE ;— BU.UL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this. | Qbsolei. 


INA 


438 INC 


3. Want of moral power. 4. Want of intellectual strength 
or force. 5. Want of knowledge or skill. 

t IN'A'BLE-MENT, n. Ability. Bacon. 

IN-AB'STI-NENCE, n. A not abstaining ; a partaking ; in- 
dulgence of appetite. Milton. 

IN-A-Bu'SIVE-LY, adv. Witliout abuse. L. JSTorth. 

IN-A€-CESS-I-B1L'I-T Y, or IN-A€-CESS'1-BLE-NESS, n. 
The quality or state of being inaccessible, or not to be 
reached. 

IN-A0-CESS'I-BLE, a. 1. Not to be reached ; as an inac- 
cessible height or rock. 2. Not to be obtained. 3. Not to 
be approached ; forbidding access. 

IN-A€-CESS'I-BLY, adv. So as not to be approached. 

IN-AC'CU-RA-CY, n. Want of accuracy or exactness ; mis- 
take; fault; defect; error. 

IN-A0'eU-RATE, a. Not accurate ; not exact or correct ; 
not according to truth ,• erroneous. 

IN-A€'€U-RATE-LY, adv. Not according to truth ; incor- 
rectly ; erroneously. 

IN-AC'TION, n. [Fr.] Want of action ; forbearance of la- 
bor ; idleness ; rest. Pope. 

IN-AG'TIVE, a. 1. Not active ; inert ; liaving no power to 
move. 2. Not active ; not diligent or industrious ; not 
busy ; idle ; indolent ; sluggish. 

■ IN-A€'TIVE-LY, adv. Idly ; sluggishly ; without motion, 
labor, or employment. 

IN-A€-TIV'I-TY, M. 1. Inertness. 2. Idleness, or habitual 
idleness ; want of action or exertion ; sluggishness. Sicift. 

• IN-ACT'U-ATE, V. t. To put in action. Olanville. 

■ IN-A€T-U-A'TION, n. Operation. Glanvillc. 

;;N-AD/E-Q,UA-CY, n. 1. The quality of being unequal or 

insufficient for a purpose. 2. Inequality. .BitrAe. 

3. Incompleteness ; defectiveness. 

IN-AD'E-Q,UATE, a. [L.] 1. Not equal to the purpose ; in- 
sufficient to effect the object; unequal. 2. Not equal to 
the real state or condition of a thing ; not just or in due 
proportion ; partial ; incomplete. 3. Incomplete ; defec- 
tive ; not just. 

IN-AD'E-diJATE-LY, adv. Not fully or sufficiently ; not 
completely. 

IN-AD'E-GKJATE-NESS, n. The quality of being inade- 
quate ; inadequacy ; inequality ; incompleteness. 

IN-AD-E-QlUa'TION, 71. Want of exact correspondence. 

IN-AD-Hji'SION, n. Want of adhesion ; a not adher- 
ing. 

IN-AD-MISS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being inadmiss- 
ible, or not proper to be received. 

IN- AD-MISS'I-BLE, a. Not admissible; not proper to be 
admitted, allowed or received. 

IN-AD-VERT'ENCE, ) n. [f’r. inadvertanceA 1. A not 

IN-AD-VERT'EN-CY, \ turning the mind to ; inattention ; 
negligence ; heedlessness. 2. The effect of inattention ; 
any oversight, mistake or fault which proceeds from negli- 
gence of thought. 

IN-AD-VERT'ENT, a. [L. in and advertens.l Not turning 
the mind to ; heedless ; careless ; negligent. 

IN-AD-VERT'ENT-LY, a<Z75. Heedlessly; carelessly; from 
want of attention ; inconsiderately. 

IN-AF-FA-BIL'I-TY, n. Reservedness in conversation. 

IN-AF'FA-BLE, a. Not affable ; reserved. 

1N-AF-FE€-Ta'TION, n. Destitution of affected manner. 

t IN-AF-FE€T'ED, a. Unaffected. 

IN-aID*A-BLE, a. That cannot be assisted. Shak. 

I IN-AF-FE€T'ED-LY, adv. Without affectation. Cock- 

BVQ/TTl • 

IN-aL'IEN-A-BLE, (in-ale' 5 nen-a-bl) a. [Fr.J Unalienable ; 
that cannot be legally or justly alienated or transferred to 
another. 

IN-aL'IEN-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being inaliena- 
ble. Scott. 

IN-aL'IEN-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that forbids aliena- 
tion. 

IN-AL-I-MENT'AL, a. Affording no nourishment. 

IN-AL-TER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being 
alterable or changeable. Fourcroy. 

IN-AL'TER-A-BLE, a. That cannot or may not be altered 
or changed ; unalterable. 

IN-A'Mt-A-BLE, a. Unamiable. 

IN-A'Ml-A-BLE-NESS, n. Unamiableness. 
N-A-MISS'I-BLE, a. Not to be lost. Hammond. 

IN-A-MISS'I-BLE-NESS, n. The state of not being liable to 
be lost. 

* IN-AM-O-RA^TO, n. A lover. Marston. 

IN-ANE', a. [L. inanis.'] Empty ; void ; sometimes used as 
a Tioan, to express a void space. 

IN-AN'GU-LAR, a. Not angular. [Little xised.] 

IN-AN'I-MATE, v. t. To animate. [Little lised.] 

IN-AN'I-MATE, a. [L. ina?iimatus.j 1 . Destitute of animal 
life. 2. Destitute of animation or life. 

IN-AN'I-MA-TED, a. Destitute of annual life, 2. Not ani- 
mated ; not sprightly. 

t IN-AN-UMA'TION, 71. Animation. Donne. 

IN-A-NI^'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. inanis.] Emptiness ; want of 
fullness. 


IN-AN'I-TY, 71. [D.inanitas.] Emptiness; void space ; va- 
cuity. Digby. 

IN-AFPE-TENCE, ) n. [L.] 1. Want of appetence, or of a 

IN-APTE-TEN-CY, J disposition to seek, selector imbibe 
nutriment. 2. Want of desire or inclination. 

IN-AP-PLI-€A-BIL'I-TY, n The quality of not being ap- 
plicable ; unfitness. 

IN-AP'PLI-€A-BLE, a. Not applicable ; that cannot be ap- 
plied ; not suited or suitable to the purpose. 

IN-AP-PLl-CA'TION, n. Want of application ; want of 
attention or assiduity ; negligence ; indolence. 

IN-AP'PO-SiTE, a. Not apposite ; not fit or suitable ; not 
pertinent. 

IN-AP-PRk'CIA-BLE, a. 1. Not to be appreciated ; that 
cannot be duly valued. 2. That cannot be estimated. 

IN-AP-PRE-HENS'I-BLE, a. Not intelligible. Milton. 

IN-AP-PRE-HENSTVE, a. Not apprehensive. 

IN-AP-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. Not to be apv>roached. 

IN-AP-PRo'PRI-ATE, a. 1. Not appropriate ; unsuited ; 
not proper. J. P. Smith. 2. Not appropriate ; not belong- 
ing to. 

IN-APT'I-TUDE, 71. Want of aptitude ; unfitness ; unsuit- 
ableness. Burke. 

IN-A'Q,UATE, a. Imbodied in water. Cranmer. 

IN-A-Q,UA'TION, 71. The state of being inaquate. Gardner 

IN-AR'A-BLE, a. Not arable ; not capable of being tilled. 

IN-ARCIF, v.t. To graft by appproach. 

IN-ARCH'ED, (in-arcliB) pp. Grafted by approach. 

IN-ARCHBNG, ppr. Grafting by approach. 

IN-ARCH'ING, 71. A method of ingrafting, by which a cion, 
without being separated from its parent tree, is joined to a 
stock standing near. 

IN-AR-TIC'U-LATE, a. Not uttered with articulation or 
junction of the organs of speech ; not articulate ; not dis- 
tinct, or with distinction of syllables. 

IN-AR-TI€^U-LATE-LY, adv. Not with distinct syllables ; 
indistinctly. 

IN-AR-TI€'U-LATE-NESS, 71. Indistinctness of utterance 
by animal voices ; want of distinct articulation. 

IN-AR-TI€-U-LA'TION, n. Indistinctness of sounds in 
speaking. 

IN-AR-Tl-FI^'CIAL, a. 1. Not done by art ; not made or 
performed by the rules of art ; formed without art. 2. Sim- 
ple ; artless. 

IN-AR-TI-Fi''CIAL-LY, adv. Without art; in an artless 
manner ; contrary to the rules of art. Collier. 

IN-AS-MUCH', adv. [iti, a*’, and much.] Seeing; seeing 
that ; this being the tact. 

IN-AT-TEN'TION, n. The tvant of attention, or of fixing 
the mind steadily on an object ; heedlessness; neglect. 

IN-AT-TENT'I VE, a. Not fixing the mind on an object; 
heedless; careless; negligent: regardless. 

IN-AT-TENT'IVE-LY, adv. Without attention ; careless- 
ly ; heedlessly. Johnson. 

IN-AUD'I-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be heard. 2. Making no 
sound. Shak. 

IN-AUD'I-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be heard. 

IN-AUG'U-RAL, a. [L. hiauguro.] 1. Pertaining to inaug- 
uration. 2. Made or pronounced at an inauguration. 

IN-AUG^U-RATE, v. t. 1. To introduce or induct into an 
office with solemnity or suitable ceremonies ; to invest with 
an office in a formal manner. 2. To begin with good 
omens ; [ 0 A 5 .I 

IN-AUG'U-RATE, a. Invested with office. Drayton. 

IN-AUG'U-RA-TED, pp. Inducted into office with appro- 
priate ceremonies. 

IN^^UG'-U-RA-TING, ppr. Inducting into office with so- 
lemnities. 

IN- AUG-U-R ACTION, n. The act of inducting into office 
with solemnity ; investiture with office by appropriate 
ceremonies. 

IN-AUG'U-RA-TO-RY, a. Suited to induction into office; 
pertaining to inauguration. Johnson. 

IN-AU-RA'TION, n. [L. inauratus.] The act or process of 
gilding, or covering with gold. Arbuthnot. 

IN-AUS'PI-CATE, a. Ill-omened. Buck. 

IN-AU-SPi''CIOUS, a. Ill-omened ; unfortunate ; unlucky ; 
evil ; unfavorable. 

IN-AU-SPI' CIOUS-LY, adv. With ill omens ; unfortunate- 
ly ; unfavorably. 

IN-AU-SPFCIOUS-NESS, 7?. Unluckiness; unfavorable- 
ness. 

IN-Bk'ING, 71. Inherence; inherent existence; insepara- 
bleness. Watts. 

IN'BORN, a. Innate ; implanted by nature. Dryden. 

IN'BREATHED, a. Infused by inspiration. Milton. 

IN'BRED, a. Bred within; innate ; natural. Dryden. 

IN-BREED', V. t. To produce or generate within. 

IN'€A, n. The title formerly given by the natives of Peru 
to their kings and to the princes of the blood. 

IN-CAGE', V. t. To confine in a cage ; to coop up ; to con- 
fine to any narrow limits. Shak. 

IN-€.\'GED, (in-kajd') pp. Cooped up ; confined to a cage or 
to narrow limits. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, foTJ^r.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;—PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


INC 


439 


IN’-CAC'ING, ppr. Confining to a cage or to narrow limits. 

IN-GaGE'MENT, n. Confinement in a cage. 

IN-CAL'CU-LA-BLE, a. That cannot be calculated. 

IN-CAL'€U-LA-BLY, adv. In a degree beyond calcula- 
tion. 

IN-CA-LES'CENCE, j n. [L. incalescens.'\ A growing 

IN-€A-LES'CEN-CY, ) warm ; incipient or increasing 
heat. 

IN-CA-LES'CENT, a. Growing warm ; increasing in heat. 

IN-€AM-ER-a'T10N, n. The act or process of uniting 
lands, revenues or other rights to the pope’s domain. 

IN-GAN-DES'CENCE, a. [L. mca/it^escens.] A white heat; 
or the glowing whiteness of a body caused by intense 
heat. 

IN €AN-DES'CENT a. White or glowing with lieat. 

IN-CAN-Ta'TION, n. [L. incantatio.'] The act of enchant- 
ing ; encliantment ; the act of using certain formulas of 
words and ceremonies, for the purpose of raising spirits. 

IN-€ANT^\-TO-llY, a. Dealing by enchantment ; magical. 

t IN-CANTTNG, a. Enchanting. 

IN-CAN'TON, V. t. [i/i and canton.'\ To unite to a canton 
or separate community. Addison. 

IN-CA-PA-BILT-TY, or IN-€A'PA-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The 
quality of being incapable ; natural incapacity or want of 
power. 2. Want of legal qualifications or of legal power. 

IN-Ga'PA-BLE, a. 1. Wanting capacity sufficient; not 
having room sufficient to contain or hold. 2. Wanting 
natural power or capacity to learn, know, understand or 
comprehend. 3. Not admitting ; not in a state to receive ; 
not susceptible of. 4. Wanting power equal to any pur- 
pose. 5. Wanting moral power or disposition. 0. Un- 
qualified or disqualified, in a legal sense ; not having the 
legal cr constitutional qualifications. — Incapable properly 
denotes a want of passive power, the power of receiving, 
and is applicable particularly to the mind ; unable denotes 
the want of active power or power of performing, and is 
applicable to the body or the mind. 

IN-€A-Pa'CIOUS, a. Not capacious ; not large or spacious ; 
narrow ; of small content. 

IN-GA-Pa'CIOUS-NESS, 71. Narrowness; want of contain- 
ing space. 

IN-€A-PAC'I-TATE, v. t. 1. To deprive of capacity or 
natural power. 2. To render or make incapable. 3. To 
disable ; to weaken ; to deprive of competent powe." or 
ability. 4. To render unfit. 5. To disqualify ; to deprive 
of legal or constitutional requisites. 

IN-GA-PAC-I-TA'TION, n. Want of capacity. Burke. 

IN-GA-PACT-TY, n. 1. Want of capacity. 2. Want of 
qualification or legal requisites ; inability. 3. Disqualifi- 
cation ; disability by deprivation of power. 

IN-€AR^CE-RATE, v. t. [L. incarcero.'] 1. To imprison ; to 
confine in a jail. 2. To confine ; to shut up or inclose. 

IN-CaR CE-RATE, rt. Imprisoned; confined. More. 

IN-CAR-CE-RA'TION, n. The act of imprisoning or con- 
fining ; imprisonment. 

IN-GARN', V. t. [L. incarno.] To cover with flesh ; to invest 
with flesh. Wiseman. 

IN-GaRN', V. i. To breed flesh. Wiseman. 

IN-GARNhA-DINE, a. [Fr. incarnadin.] Flesh-colored ; of 
a carnation color ; pale red. S/iak. 

IN-GARN^A-DINE, v. t. To dye red or flesh-color. 

IN-GARN'ATE, V. t. [Fr. i77CGr7ie»* ,• Li. incarno.] To clothe 
with flesh ; to imbody in flesh. Milton. 

IN-GARN'ATE, a. 1. Invested with flesh ; imbodied in 
flesh. — 2. In Scotland, of a red color ; flesh-colored. 

IN-GARN- ACTION, n. 1. Tlie act of clothing with flesh. 
2. The act of assuming flesh, or of taking a human body 
and the nature of man. — 3. In surgery, the process of 
healing wounds and filling the part with new flesh. 

IN-GARN'A-TiVE, a. [Fr. incarnatif.] Causing new flesh 
to grow ; healing. Encyc. 

IN-GARN'A-TIVE, n. A medicine that tends to promote the 
growth of new flesh, and assist nature in the healing of 
wounds. 

IN-GASE', V. t. 1. To inclose in a case. 2. To inclose; to 
cover or surround with something solid. Pope. 

IN-GAS'ED, (in-kast') pp. Inclosed as in a case, sheath or 
box. 

IN-GAS'ING, ppr. Inclosing as in a case. 

IN-GASK', V. t. To put into a cask. Sherwood. 

IN-GAS'TEL-LA-TED, a. Confined or inclosed in a cas- 
tle. 

IN-GAT-E-NA'TION, n. [L. catena.] The act of linking 
together. Goldsmith. 

IN-GAU'TIOUS, a. Not cautious ; unwary ; not circum- 
spect ; heedless; not attending to the circumstances on 
which safety and interest depend. 

IN-GAU'TIOUS-LY, adv. Unwarily ; heedlessly ; without 
due circumspection. 

IN-GAU'TIOUS-NESS, 71. Want of caution; unwariness; 
want of foresight. 

INT’A-VA-TED, a. Made hollow ; bent round or in. 

IN-GA-VA'TION, n. 1. The act of making hollow. 2. A 
hollow made. 


INC 


inflame; to excite 

IN-CENDT-A-RY, n. [h. incendiarius.] 1. A person who 
maliciously sets fire to another man’s dwelling-house, or 
out-house, being parcel of the same, as a barn or 
stable ; one wIk) is guilty of arson. 2. Any person who 
sets fire to a building. 3. A person who excites or in- 
flames factions, and promotes quarrels. 4. He or that 
which excites. 

* IN-CENDT-A-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to the malicious burn- 
ing of a dwelling. 2. Tending to excite or inflame fac- 
tions, sedition or quarrels. 

IN-CEND'I-OUS, a. Promoting faction or quarrel. Lord 
Bacon. 


IN'CENSE, (in'sens) n. [h.inceiisum.] 1. Perfume exhaled 
by fire ; the odors of spices and gums, burnt in religious 
rites, or as an offering to some deity. 2. The materials 
burnt for making perfumes. 3. Acceptable prayers and 
praises. — 4. In materia medico, a dry, resinous substance, 
known by the name of tims and olibamim. 

IN'UENSE, (in sens) v. t. To perfume with incense. 

IN-CENSE^, (in-sense') v. t. To enkindle or inflame to vio- 
lent anger ; to excite angry passions ; to provoke ; to irri- 
tate ; to exasperate ; to heat ; to fire. 

IN-CENS'ED, (in-senst') pp. Inflamed to violent anger; 
exasperated. 

IN-CENSE'MENT, (in-sensffiient) n. Violent irritation of 
the passions ; heat ; exasperation. 

IN-CENS'ING, ppr. Inflaming to anger ; irritating. 

IN-CEN'SION, 71. [L. incensio.] The act of kindling ; the 
state of being on fire. Bacon. 

IN-CENS'IVE, a. Tending to excite or provoke. 

IN-CENS'OR, 71. [L.] A kindler of anger. 

* IN-CENS'O-RY, 71. The vessel in which incense is 
burnt and offered. Ainsicorth. 


IN-CEN'TIVE, a. [Low L. incentivus.] Inciting ; encour- 
aging or moving. 

IN-CEN'TIVE, 71. [Low L. incentivum.] 1. That whicli 
kindles or inflames. 2. That which moves the mind, or 
operates on the passions ; that which prompts to good or 
ill ; motive ; spur. 

IN-CEP'TION, n. [L. inceptio.] Beginning. 

IN-CEP'TIVE, a. [L. inceptivus.] Beginning; noting be- 
ginning. 

IN-CEP'TOR, n. A beginner; one in the rudiments. 

IN-CER-a'TION, n. [L. incero.] The act of covering with 
wax. 

IN-CER'TAIN, a. Uncertain ; doubtful ; unsteady. Fairfax. 

IN-OER'TAIN-LY, adv. Doubtfully. 

IN-CER'TAIN-TY, n. Uncertainty ; doubt. Davies. 

IN-CEIl'Tl-TUDE, 71. [D. incertitudo.] Uncertainty; doubt- 
fulness ; doubt. 

IN-CES'SA-BLE, a. Unceasing; continual. [Little iised.] 
Shelton. 

IN-CES'SAN-CY, 71. Unintermitted continuance; unceas- 
ingness. Dwight. 

IN-CES'SANT, a. [L. in and cessans.] Unceasing ; unin- 
termitted ; uninterrupted ; continual. Pope. 

IN-CES'SANT-LY, adv. Without ceasing ; continually. 

IN'CEST, 71. [Fr. inceste ; incestum.] The crime of co- 
habitation or sexual commerce betw’een persons related 
within the degrees wherein marriage is prohibited by the 
law of a country. 

IN-CEST'U-OUS, a. 1. Guilty of incest. 2. Involving the 
crime of incest. 

IN-CEST'U-OUS-LY, adv. In an incestuous manner; in 
a manner to involve the crime of incest. 

IN-CEST'U-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
incestuous. Bp. Hall. 

INCH, 71. [Sax. 171CC.] 1. A lineal measure, being the 

twelfth part of a foot, and equal to the length of three bar- 
ley corns. 2. Proverbially, a small quantity or degree ; 
as, to die by inches. 3. A precise point of time ; [unu- 
sxial.] 

INCH, V. t. I. To drive by inches or small degrees ; [little 
xised.] Dryden. 2. To deal out by inches ; to give spar- 
ingly ; [Utile used.] 

INCH, V. i. To advance or retire by small degrees. [Little 
xtsed.] Johnson. 

INCHED is added to words of number ; as, four-inched. 
Shak. But in America the common practice is to add only 
mch ; as, a seven-inch cable. 

I IN-CHAM'BER, v. t. \Px. cnchamlrer.] To lodge in a 

IN-CHART-TA-BLE, a. LTncharitable. 

IN-CHAS'TI-TY, n. [in and chastity.] Lewdness ; impuri- 
ty ; unchastity. ,T. Edxcards. 

IN-CHEST', 7!. t. To put into a chest. Sherwood. 

INCH'-MeAL,71. a piece an inch long. Shak. 

IN'CHO-ATE, V. t. [L. inchoo.] To begin. [L. w.] More. 

IN'CHO-ATE, G. Begun ; commenced. Raleigh. 

IN'CHO-ATE-LY, adv. In an incipient degree. 

IN-CHO-A'TION, 71 . The act of beginning ; commence- 
ment ; inception. [Little used.] Hale. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


INC 


440 


INC 


lN-€Ho'^A-TIVE, a. Noting beginning ; inceptive. 

INCH'PIN, n. Some of the inside of a deer. Ainsworth. 

t IN-CTDE', V. t. [L. incido.'] To cut ; to separate 3 as, med- 
icines. Arbntlinot. 

IN'Cl-DENCE, V. [L. incidens.] 1 . Literally^ a falling on ; 
whence, an accident or casualty. 2 . The manner of fall- 
ing on, or the direction in which one body falls on or 
strikes another. 

IN'Cr-DENT, a. 1 . Falling ; casual ; fortuitous ; coming 
or happening occasionally. 2 . Happening ; apt to hair- 
pen. 3 . Appertaining to or following the chief or prin- 
cipal. 

IN'Cl-DENT, n.l. That which falls out 3 an event 3 casu- 
alty. 2 .‘Tliat which happens aside of the main design 3 
an episode or subordinate action. Drydcn. 

IN-CI-DENT'AL. a. 1 . Happening 3 coming without de- 
sign 3 casual 3 accidental. 2 . Not necessary to the chief 
purpose 5 occasional. Rogers. 

TN-CI-DENT'AL, V. An incident. [Little wset?.] Pope. 

IN-Cl-DENT'AL-LY, adv. ]. Casually 3 without inten- 
tion 3 accidentally. 2 . Beside the main design 3 occasion- 
ally. 

f IN'Cl-DENT-LY, adv. Occasionally 3 by the way. 

IN-CIN'Ell-ATE, V. t. [L. in and chii6.] To burn to ashes. 
Bacon. 

f IN-CIN'ER-ATE, a. Burnt to ashes. Bacon. 

IN-CIN'ER-A-TED, pp. Burnt to ashes. 

IN-CIN'ER-A-TING, ppr. Reducing to ashes. 

IN-ClN-ER-A'TfON, n. The act of reducing to ashes. 

IN-CLFI-EN-CY, n. Beginning 5 commencement. 

IN-CIPR-ENT, a. [L. indpiens.] Beginning 3 commenc- 
ing 3 as, the incipient stage of a fever. 

IN-Ciil'€LET, n. A small circle. Sidney. 

IN-CiR-CLrAI-SCRlP Ti-BLE, a. That cannot be circum- 
scribed or limited. Cranmer. 

IN-Ci R-€UAI-SPEG'TION, v . Want of circumspection. 

IN-CISE^ V. t. [Fr. inciser.] To cut in 3 to carve. 

IN-CIS'ED, (in-sizd') a. [L. iiicisus.] Cut 3 made by cut- 
tiJig. Wiseman. 

IN-CTSE'LY, adv. In the manner of incisions. 

IN-CISRON, n. [Fr.3 L. incisio.] 1 . A cutting 3 the act of 
cutting into a substance. 2 . A cut 3 a gash 3 the sepa- 
ration of the surface of any substance made by a sharp 
instrument. 3 . Separation of viscid matter by medicines 3 

IN-CI'SIVE, a. [Fr. incisif.] Having the quality of cut- 
ting or separating the superficial part of any thing. — In- 
cisive teeth, in animals, are the fore teeth, the cutters. 

IN-Ci'SOR, n. [L.] A cutter 3 a fore tooth, which cuts, 
bites or separates. 

IN-Cl'SO-RY, a. Having tlie quality of cutting. 

IN-CTg'UXlE, (in-sizh'ur) n. [L. incisura.] A cut 3 a place 
opened by cutting 3 an incision. Dcrharn. 

TN-CrTANT, V. [from incite.] That which excites action 
in an animal body. Darwin. 

IN-C[-Ta'T 10 N, n. [L. incitatio.] 1 . 7 'he act of inciting 
or moving to action 3 incitement. 2 . Incitement 3 incen- 
tive 3 motive 3 that which excites to action 3 that which 
rouses or prompts. 

IN-CITE', V. t. [L. incite.] 1 . To move the mind to action 
by ])ersuasion or motives presented 3 to stir up 3 to rouse 3 
to spur on. 2 . To move to action by impulse or influence. 
3 . To animate 3 to encourage. 

IN-CIT/ED, pp. Aloved to action 5 stirred up 5 spurred on. 

IN-CITE'MENT, n. That which incites the mind, or moves 
to action 5 motive 3 incentive 5 impulse. 

IN-CIT^ER, n. He or that which incites or moves to ac- 
tion. 

IN-CITHNG, ppr. Exciting to action 3 stirring up. 

IN-CIVRL, a. Uncivil 3 rude 3 impolite. 

IN-CI-VIL'I-TY, 11. [Fr. incivilite.] 1 . Want of courtesy 3 
rudeness of manners towards others 5 impoliteness. Til- 
lotson. 2 . Any act of rudeness or ill-breeding. 

IN-CIV'IL-LY, adv. Uncivilly 3 rudely. 

IN-CIVTSM, n. Want of civism 3 want of love to one’s 
country, or of patriotism, a/2.7? 

IN-€EASP^ V. t. To clasp 3 to hold fast. Cudworth. 

IN'CLA-VA-TED, a. Set 3 fast fixed. Diet. 

IN'€LE, ??. A kind of tape made of linen yarn. 

IN-€LEM'EN-CY, ??. [Fr. inclemence ; L. inclemcntia.] 1 . 
Want of clemency 3 want of mildness of temper ; unmer- 
cifulness 5 harshness 3 severity. 2 . Roughness 3 bois- 
terousness 5 storminess 3 or simply raininess 3 severe 
cold, &c. 

IN-CLEM'ENT, a. 1 . Destitute of a mild and kind tem- 
per 3 void of tenderness 3 unmerciful 3 severe 3 harsh. 
2 . Rough 3 stormy 3 boisterous 3 rainy 3 rigorously cold, 
&c. 

IN-€LTN'A-BLE, a [L. inclinahilis.] 1 . Leaning 3 tend- 
ing. 2 . Having a propension of will 3 leaning in disposi- 
tion 5 somewhat disposed. .Milton. 

IN-€LTN'A-BIiE-NESS, n. Favorable disposition. Brady. 

IN-€LI-Na'TION, n. [Fr.', L. inclinatio.] 1 . A leaning 3 
any deviation of a body or line from an upright position. 


or ftom a parallel line, towards another body. — 2 . In ge^ 
ometry, the angle made by two lines or planes that meet. 
3 . A leaning of the mind or will 3 propension or propen- 
sity 5 a disposition more favorable to oiie thing than to an- 
other. 4 . Love 3 aflection 3 regard 3 desire. 5 . Disposi- 
tion of mind. 6. fl’liedipof the magnetic needle, or its 
tendency to incline towards the earth. 7 . The act of de- 
canting liquors by stooping or inclining the vessel. 

* IN-GLTN'A-TO-Rl-LY, udv. Obliquely 3 with inclina- 
tion. 

* IN-€LlN'A-TO-RY, a. Having the quality of leaning or 
inclininr. Brown. 


IN-ULINE', V. i. [L. h?ch7?o.] 1 . To lean 3 to deviate from 

an erect or parallel line toward any object 3 to tend. 2. 
To lean 3 in a moral sense to have a propension 3 to be 
disposed 3 to have some wish or desire. 3 . To have an 
ap})etite 3 to be disposed. 

IN-ULiNE^, V. t. 1 . To cause to deviate from an erect, per- 
pendicular or parallel line 3 to give a leaning to. 2 . To 
give a tendency or propension to the will or aftections 3 
to turn 3 to disjxise. 3 . To bend 3 to cause to stoop or 
bow._ 

IN-€LfN'ED, (in-klind') pp. or a. Having a leaning or tenden- 
cy 5 disposed . — Inclined plane, in mechanics, is a plane that 
makes an oblique angle with the plane of the horizon 5 a 
sloping j)lane. 

IN-€LTN'ER, n. An inclined dial. 

IN-ULlN'ING, ppr. Leaning 3 causing to lean. 

IN-ULINRNG, a. Leaning. 

IN-ULIP', V. t. To grasp 3 to inclose 3 to surround. 

IN-€LOrS'TER, v. t. To shut up in a cloister. 

IN-ULoSE', t. [Fr. enclos.] 1 . To surround 3 to €hut 
in 3 to confine on all sides. 2. To separate from common 
grounds by a fence. 3 . To include 3 to shut or confine. 
4 . To environ 3 to encompass. 5 . To cover with a wrap- 
per or envelop 3 to cover under seal. 

IN-€LoS'ED, Hn-kl 5 zd') pp. ^hirrounded 3 encompassed j 
confined on all sides 5 covered and sealed 3 fenced. 

IN-€LoS'ER, V. He or that wliich incloses 3 one who sep- 
arates land from common grounds by a fence. 

IN-€LoS'ING, ppr. Surrounding 3 encompassing 3 shutting 
in 3 covering and confi?iing. 

IN-€LoS'URE, (in-kl6'zhur) ??. 1 . The act of inclosing. 2 . 
The separation of land from common ground into distinct 
possessions by a fence. 3 . The appropriation of things 
common. 4 . State of being inclosed, shut up or encom- 
passed. Ray. 5. A space inclosed or fenced. G. Ground 
inclosed or separated from common land. 7 . That which 
is inclosed or contained in an envelop, as a paper. Wash-' 
ington. 

IN-ULOUB', V. t. To darken 3 to obscure. Shah. 

IN-€LOUD'ED, pp. Involved in obscurity. 

IN'-GIjOUD'ING, ppr. Darkening 3 obscuring. 

IN-GLuDE', V. t. [L. includo.] 1 . To confine within 5 to 
hold 3 to contain. 2 . To comprise 3 to comprehend 3 to 
coatajn. 

IN-€Ll]D'ED, pp. Contained 3 comprehended. 

IN-CLuD'ING, ppr. Containing 3 comprising. . 

IN-CLu'i?ION, ??. [L. inclusio.] The act of including. 

IN-CLu'SIVE, fi. Fr. i«c/M 6 ?/.J 1. Inclosing 3 encircling. 
2. Cojnprehended in the number or sum. 

IN-CLu'SfVE-LY, ado. Comprehending the thing mention- 
ed 3 as, from Monday to Saturday inclusively. 

I i^^'^o XcT'ED ( Unrestrained. 


IN-CO-AG'U-LA-BLE, a. That cannot be coagulated. 

IN-CO-ERd-BLE, a. Not to be coerced or compelled 5 that 
cannot be forced. Black. 

IN-CO-EX-IST'ENCE, ??. A not existing together. 

IN-COG', adv. [contracted from incogiiito.] In conceal- 
ment 3 in disguise 3 in a manner not to be known. 

I IN-€OG'I-TA-ELE, a. [L. incogitahilis.] Unthought of. 
Dean King. 

IN-COGT-TAN-CY, n. [Ti. incogitantia.] Want of thought, 
or want of the power of thinking. Decay of Piety. 

IN-COG'I-TANT, c. Not thinking 3 thoughtless. 

IN-€OG'I-TANT-LY, adv. Without consideration. 

IN-COG'I-TA-TiVE, a. Not thinking 3 wanting the power 


of thought. 

IN-COG'Ni-TO, rttZu. [L. hicognitiis.] In concealment ; in 
a disguise of the real person. 

IN-COGN'I-ZA-BLE, (in-kog'ne-za-bl, or in-kon'e-za-bl) 
a. That cannot be recognized, known or distinguished. 

IN-€ 0 -Hk'RENCE, )n. 1 . Want of coherence 3 want of 

IN-€ 0 -Hk'REN-CY, i cohesion or adherence 3 looseness 
orunconnccted state of parts, as of a powder. 2 . Want 
of connection 3 incongruity 3 inconsistency 3 wantof agree- 
ment or dependence of one part on another. 3 . Inconsist- 
ency 3 that which does not agree with other parts of tlie 
same tiung. 

IN-CO-He'RENT, u. 1 . Wanting cohesion 3 loose 5 uncon- 
nected 3 not fixed to each other. 2 . Wanting coherence 
or agreement 3 incongruous 3 inconsistent 3 having no de- 
pendence of one part on another. 


♦ See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, FAR, F^LL, WHAT 3— PRgY 3— PIN, MAR’INE, BIRD f QbsoUts. 


INC 


441 


INC 


IN-€0 -He'RENT-LY, adv. Inconsistently 3 without cohe- 
rence of parts. 

IN-CO-IN'Cl-DEXCE, n. Want of coincidence. 

IN-€0-IiV'CI-DE.\T, a. Not coincident. 

IN-CO-LU'MI-TY, 11. [Tj. incoluviitas.] Safety. 

IN-€OM-BTNE', v. i. To differ. [Ill funned.] ’jMilton. 

IN-EOM-B(JST-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being inca- 
pable of being burnt or consumed. Ray. 

IN-€OM-BUSTT-BLE, a. Not to be burnt, decomposed or 
consumed by fire. 

IN-C03I-BUST'1-BLE-NESS, n. Incombustibility. 

IN'COME, (in kum) n. [ia and come.] 1 . That gain which 
proceeds from labor, business or property of any kind ; the 
produce of a farm ; the rent of houses ; the proceeds of 
professional business ; tlie profits of commerce or of occu- 
pation ; the interest of money or stock in funds. — Income 
is often used synonymously with revenue^ but income is 
more generally applied to the gain of private persons, and 
revenue to that of a sovereign or of a state. VYe speak of 
the annual i/tcome of a gentleman, and the annual revenue 
of the state. 2. A coming in j admission j introduction 5 
\not in 

IN'G6M-ING, a. Coming in. Burke. 

IN'€6M-ING, 11 . Income ; gain. Tooke. 

*IN-€0M-MEN-8U-11A-B1L'I-TY, n. The quality or state 
of a thing, when it has no common measure with anotlier 
thing. 

* IN-€OM-MEN'SU-RA-BLE, a. Having no common meas- 
ure. 

^ IN-€OM-MEN'SU-RATE, a. 1. Not admitting of a com- 
mon measure. 2. Not of equal measure or extent 5 not 
adequate. 

* IN-€OM-MEN'SU-TlATE-LY, ado. Not in equal or due 
measure or proportion. Cheyne. 

IN-COM-MIS'CI-BLE, a. [hi and commit.] TJiat cannot be 
commixed or mutually mixed. 

IN-GOM-MIXT'CRE, n. A state of being unmixed. 

t IN-GOM'MO-DATE, v. t. To incommode. 

1 N-GOM-MO-Da'TION, n. Inconvenience. Annot. on Glan- 
ville, 

IN-GOM-MoDE', v. t. [L. incommodo.] To give inconven- 
ience to ; to give trouble to ; to disturb or molest. 

IN-€OM-MoD'ED, pp. Put to inconvenience. 

t IN-€OxM-MoDE'MENT, 71. Inconvenience. Cheyne. 

IN-GOM-MolPlNG, ppr. >Subjecting to trouble. 

* IN-GOM-IVlO'DI-OUS, a. [L. incommodus.] Inconvenient; 
not affording ease or advantage ; unsuitable ; giving trou- 
ble, without much injury. 

* IN-€OM-Mo'i)I-0(JS-LY, adv. In a manner to create in- 
convenience ; inconveniently ; unsuitably. 

* IN-GOM-Mo'EI-OUS-NESS, 7 i. inconvenience; unsuita- 
bleness. 

IN-GOM-MODT-TY, ?i. [Fr. incommodite ; L. incommodi- 
to5.1 Inconvenience ; trouble. [Little used.] Bacon. 

IN-GOM-MC-NI-GA-BIL'I-TY, or IN-€OM-Mu'NI-GA- 
BLE-NESS, n. The quality of not being communica- 
ble. 

Ii/-GOM-Mu'NI-€A-BLE, o. That cannot be communicat- 
ed or imparted to others. 

IN-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be im- 
parted or communicated. Ilckewill. 

IN-GOM-MU x\I-€A-TED, a. Not imparted. 

IN-€OM-Mu'NI-€A-TING, a. Having no communion or in- 
tercourse with each other. Hale. 

IN-COM-Mu'NI-€A-TIVE, a. 1. Not communicative. 2. 
Not disposed to hold communion, fellowship or intercourse 
with. Buchanan. 

IN-€OM-MU-TA-BIL'I-TY, or IN-GOM-MCPTA-BLE- 
NESS, n. The quality of being incommutable. 

IN-€OM-Mu^TA-BLE, a. Not to be exchanged or commut- 
ed with another. 

IN-€OM-Mu'TA-BLY, adv. Without reciprocal change. 

IN-GOM-PAGT', 1 a. Not compact; not having the 

IN-€0M-PACT'ED, i parts firmly united ; not solid. 

IN-GOM'PA-llA-BLE, a. That admits of no comparison 
with others. 

IN-GOM'PA-RA-BLE-NESS, n. Excellence beyond com- 
parison. 

1N-€0M'PA-RA-BLY, ado. Beyond comparison; without 
competition. 

IN-€OM-PAR^ED, (in-kom-pard') a. Not matched ; peer- 
less. Spenser. 

t IN-€OM-PAS'SION, n. Want of compassion or pity. 

IN-GOM-PAS'SION-ATE, a. Void of compassion or pity ; 
destitute of tenderness. .Johnson. 

IN-COiM-PAS'SION-ATE-LY, adv. Without pity. 

IN-€OM-PAS'SION-ATE-NESS, n. Want of pity. 

IN-GOM-PAT-I-BIL'I-TY, 77. 1. Inconsistency; that qual- 
ity or state of a thing which renders it impossible that it 
should subsist or be consistent with something else. 2. 
Irreconcilable disagreement. 

IN-GOM-PATT-BLE, a. [Fr. It was formerly incom- 
petihle.] 1. Inconsistent ; that cannot subsist with 
something else. 2. Irreconcilably different or disagree- 


or constitutionally incon- 
sistent ; that cannot be united in the same person, with- 

or constitution. 

IN-€OM-FAT'I-BLY, adv. Inconsistently. 

IN GOM'PE TEN^Y ! i^icompetence.] 1. Inabili- 

IN-GOM'PE-IEN-CY, ^ ty ; want of sufficient intellec- 
tual powers or talents. 0. Want of natural adequate 
strength of body, or of suitable faculties. 3. Want of le- 
gal or constitutional qualifications. 4. Want of adeouate 
means. 5. Insufficiency ; inadequacy. * 

IN-GOM'PE-TENT, a. [Fr. ; L. in and competens.] 1. 
Vv anting adequate powers of mind or suitable faculties. 

2. VVanting due strength or suitable faculties; unable! 

3. Wanting the legal or constitutional qualifications. 4! 
Destitute of means; unable. 5. Inadequate; insuffil 
dent. 6. Unfit; improper; legally unavailable. 

IN-GOM'PE-TENT-LY, ado. Insufficiently ; inadequately : 
not suitably. 


IN-GOJM-PLeTE', a. [hi and co7??’7Zete.] 1. Not finished. 

2. Imperfect ; defective. 

IN-GOM-PLeTE'LY, adv. Imperfectl}^ 
IN-GOM-PLf.TE'NESS, 71. An unfinished state ; imper- 
fectness ; defectiveness. 

IN-GOM-PLEX', a. Not complex ; imcompounded ; sim- 
ple. 


IN-GOM-PLFANCE, 71. 1. Defect of compliance; refusal 
to comply with solicitations. 2. Untractableness ; un- 
yielding temper or constitution. Tillotson. 

IN-GOM-PLi'ANT. a. Unyielding to request or solicita- 
tion ; not disposed to comply. 

IN-€OM-PoS'ED, (in-koni-p6zd') a. Disordered ; disturbed. 

IN-GOM'PO-SlTE, (in-koni'po-zit) a. Uncompounded ; 
simple. 


IN-GO M-P03-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being pos- 
sible but by the negation or destruction of something ; in- 
consistency with something. [Little used.] 

IN-GOM POS'SJ-BLE, a. Not possible to be or subsist with 
somethiiiff else. [Little used.] 

IN-€OM-PRE-HEN-SI-BIL'I-TY, 7?. The quality of being 
incomprehensible ; incoiiceivableness. Campbell. 

IN-GOM-PRE-HENS'I-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That cannot be 

comprehended or understood ; that is beyond the reach of 
human intellect ; inconceivable. 2. Not to be contained. 
[Little used.] 

IN-GOM-PRE-HENST-BLE-NESS, 77. Incomprehensibility. 

IN-GOM-PRE-HENST-BLY, adv. Inconceivably. 

IN-€OM-PRE-HEN'SION, n. Want of comprehension. 

IN-GOM-PRE-HENSTVE, a. Not comprehensive. 

IN-GOM-PPtESS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of resisting 


compression. 

IN-COM-PRESST-BIiE, a. Not to be compressed ; not ca- 
pable of being reduced by force into a smaller compass ; 
resisting compression. 

IN-€ON-CeAL'A-BLE, a. Not concealable ; not to be hid 
or kept secret. Brown. 

IN-CON -CElV^A-BLE,.ff. 1. That cannot be conceived by 
the mind ; incomprehensible. 2. That cannot be under- 
stood. 

IN-€OiY-CElV'A-BLB-NESS, 7?. The quality of being in- 
conceivable ; incomprehensibility. 

IN-CON-CeIVU\-BLY, adv. In a manner beyond compre- 
hension, or beyond the reach of human intellect. 

IN-GON-CEP'TI-BLE, a. Inconceivable. [L. w.l Hale. 

IN-GON-CIN'NI-TY, n. [L. inconcinnitas.] iJnsuitable- 
ness ; want of proportion. More. 

IN-CON-€LuD'ENT, a. [L. in and concludens.] Not infer- 
ring a conclusion or consequence. [Little used.] Aylijfe, 

IN-CON-€LuDTNG, a. Inferring no consequence. 

IN-€ON-GLu'SIVE, o. Not producing a conclusion; not 
closing, concluding or settling a point in debate or a 
doubtful question. 

IN-€ON-GLu'SIVE-LY, adv. Without such evidence as 
to determine the understanding in regard to truth or false- 
hood. 

IN-GON-GLli'SIVE-NESS, n. Want of such evidence as 
to satisfy the mind of truth or falsehood. 

IN-GON-GOGT', a. In concocted. 

IN-GON-GOGT'EI), a. Not fully digested ; not matured ; 
unripened. Bacon. 

IN-GON-GO€'TION, n. The state of being indigested ; un- 
ripeness ; immaturity. Bacon. 

IN-GON-€UR'RING, a. Not concurring ; not agreeing. 

IN-€ON-€US'SI-BLE, a. That cannot be shaken. 

IN-GON-DEN-SA-BILT-TY, n. The quality of being not 


condensable. 

IN-GON-DENS'A-BLE, a. I. Not capable of condensation ; 
that cannot be made more dense or compact. 2. Not to 
be converted frc.m a state of vapor to a fluid. 

* IN-€ON'DITE, a. [I.. inconditus.] Rude ; unpolished ; ir- 
regular. [ Little used.] Philips. ^ 

t IN-€OxN-DI'^TION-AL, a. Without .any condition, ex- 
ception or limitation ; absolute. See Lnoonditional. 
t IN-€0N-Di"T10N-ATE, a. Not limited or restrained by 
conditions ; absolute. 


* Sea Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE UNITE.—G as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH os in this, f ObsoUta 


INC 


442 


INC 


IN-€ON-FtRM'ED, (in-kon-furmd') for unconfirmed. 
N-CON-FORM'A-BJLE, a. rsot conformable. Heylin. 

IN“€ON-FORM'l-TY, n. Want of conformity ; non-con- 
formity. [The latter word is more commonly used.] 

IN-€Oi\-Fui6'ED, (iii-kon-fuzd') a. Not confused j distinct. 
Bacon. 

IN-€ON-FU'SION, n. Distinctness. Bacon. 

IN-€’ON- 0 kTj A-BLE, a. Not to be frozen. Cockeram. 

IN-€ON- 0 e^N 1 AL, a. Not congenial j not of a like nature j 
unsuitable. 

IN-€ON-(jfE-NI-ALT-TY, n. Unlikene<«s of nature j unsuit- 
ableness. 

IN-€UN'GRU-ENCE, n. Want of congruence, adaptation 
or agreement ; unsuitableness. [Little used.'] Boyle. 

IN-GUN'GRU-ENT, a. Unsuitable ; inconsistent. 

IN-€ON-GRU'l-TY, n. 1 . Want of congruity ; improprie- 
ty ; inconsistency ; absurdity ; unsuitableness of one thing 
to another. 2 . Disagreement of parts ; want of symme- 
try, 

IN-GON'GRU-OUS, a. [L. incongruus.'] Not congruous ; 
unsuitable ; not fitting j inconsistent ; improper. 

IN-CON'GRU-OUiS-LY^ ad‘0. Unsuitably ; unfitly. 

XN-GON-NEG'TION, n. Want of connection j loose, dis- 
jointed state. Bp. Hall. 

t L\-€ON-NEX'ED-LY, adv. Without any connection or 

IN-€ON'SCION-A-BLE, a. Having no sense of good and 
evil. Spenser. 

IN-€ON'!SE-Q,UENCE, n. [L. inconsequcntia.] Want of 
just inference ; inconclusiveness. 

IN-€ON^SE-GlUENT, a. Not following from the premises j 
without regular inference. Brown. 

IN-€UN-SE-UUEN'TIAL, a. 1 . Not regularly following 
from the premises. 2 . Not of consequence 3 not of im- 
portance 3 of little moment. 

IN-GON-SID'ER-A-BLE, a. Not worthy of consideration 
or notice 5 unimportant 3 small 3 trivial. 

IN-eON-SID'ER-A-BLE-NES;S, n. Small importance. 

IN-CON-SID'ER-A-BLY, ado. In a small degree 3 to a small 
amount 3 very little. 

IN-€ON-SlD'ER-A-C Y, ?i. Thoughtlessness 3 want of con- 
sideration. [Unusual.] Chesterfield. 

IN-€ON-SID'ER-ATE, a. [L, inconsideratus.] 1 . Not 
considerate ; not attending to the circumstances which 
regard safety or propriety 3 hasty 3 rash 3 imprudent 3 
careless 3 thoughtless 3 heedless 3 inattentive. 2 . Proceed- 
ing from heedlessness 3 rash. 3 . Not duly regarding. 

IN-GON-SID'ER-ATE-LY, ado. Without due consideration 
or regard to consequences 3 heedlessly 3 carelessly 3 rashly 3 
imprudently. 

IN-€ON-SlD'ER-ATE-NESS, a. Want of due regard to 
consequences 3 carelessness 3 thoughtlessness 3 inadvert- 
ence 5 inattention 3 imprudence. 

IN-€ON-S 1 D-ER-a'TION, n. Want of due consideration 3 
want of thought 3 inattention to consequences. 

IN-€ 0 N-SIST'ENCE, ) 11. 1 . Such opposition or disagree- 

IN-€ON-S.lST'EN-CY, j ment as that one proposition 

. infers the negation of the other 3 such contrariety be- 
tween things that both cannot subsist together. 2 . Ab- 
surdity in argument or narration 3 argument or narrative 
where one part destroys the other 3 self-contradiction. 3 . 
Incongruity 5 want of agreement or uniformity. 4 . Un- 
steadiness 3 changeableness. 

IN-€ON-SIST'ENT, a. 1 . Incompatible 3 incongruous 3 not 
suitable. 2 . Not consistent 3 contrary, or so that the truth 
of one proves the other to be false. 3 . Not uniform 3 be- 
ing contrary at different times. 

IN-€ON-SIST'ENT-LY. ado. With absurdity 3 incongru- 
ously 3 with self-contradiction 3 without steadiness or 
uniformity. 

t IN-€ON-SIST^ENT-NESS, w. Inconsistency. More. 

t IN-GON-SISTTNG, a. Inconsistent. Dryden. 

t IN-eON-SoL'A-BLE, a. Not to be consoled 3 grieved be- 
yond susceptibility of comfort. 

IN-€ON-SoL'A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that does 
not admit of consolation. 

IN-GON'SO-NANCE, ?t. Disagreement of sounds 3 discord- 
ance. Busby. 

IN-GON'SO-NAN-CY, n. Disagreement 3 inconsistency, — In 
music, disagreement of sounds 3 discordance. 

IN-CON'SO-NANT, a. Not agreeing 3 inconsistent 3 discord- 
ant. 

IN-€ON-SPIG'U-OUS, a. 1 . Not discernible 3 not to be 
perceived by the sight. 2 . Not conspicuous. 

IN-GON'STAN-CY, n. [L. inconstantia.] 1 . Mutability or 
instability of temper or affection 3 unsteadiness 3 fickle- 
ness. 2 . Want of uniformity 3 dissimilitude. 

IN-€ON'STANT, a. [L. inconstans.] 1 . Mutable 3 subject 
to cliange of opinion, inclination or purpose 3 not firm in 
resolution 3 unsteady 3 fickle. 2 . xMutable 3 changeable 3 
variable. 

IN-€ON^STANT-LY, adv. In an inconstant manner. 

IN-€ON-SuM'A-BLE, a. Not to be consumed 3 that cannot 
be wasted. 


IN-€ON-SUM'MATE, a. Not consummate 3 not finished 3 
not complete. 

IN-€ON-teUM MATE-NESS, n. State of being incomplete. 

t IN-€ON-SUMP'TI-BLE, a. 1 . Not to be spent, wasted or 
destroyed by fire. Digby. 2 . Not to be destroyed. 

[ IN-UON-TAMT-NATE, a. Not contaminated 3 not adul- 
terated. 

IN-€ON-TEST'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] Not contestable 3 not to 
be disputed 3 not admitting debate 3 too clear to be contro- 
verted 3 incontrovertible. 

IN-€ON-TEST'A-BLY, adv. In a manner to preclude de- 
bate 3 indisputably 3 incontrovertibly 3 indubitably. 

IN-€ON-TlG'(J-OUS, a. Not contiguous 3 not adjoining 3 
not touching 3 separate. Boyle. 

IN-GUN'Tl-NENCE, / n. [L. incontinentia.] 1 . Want of 

IN-GON'Tl-NEN-CY, ) restraint of the passions or appe- 
tites. 2 . Want of restraint of the sexual appetite 3 free 
or illegal indulgence of lust 3 lewdness 3 used of either 
sex, but appropriately of the male sex. Incontinence in 
men is the same as unchastity in women. — 3 . Among phy- 
sicians, the inability of any of the animal organs to re- 
strain discharges of their contents, so that the discharges 
are involuntary. 

IN-GON'Tl-NEi\T, a. [L. incontinens.] Not restraining 
the passions or appetites, particularly the sexual appetite 3 
unchaste 3 lewd. 2 . Unable to restrain discharges. — In 
the sense of immediate, or immediately, 

IN-€ON'TI-NENT, n. One who is unchaste. B. Jonson. 

IN-UON'TI-NENT-LY, arfy. 1 . Without due restraint of the 
passions or a|)petites 3 unchaslely. 2 . Immediately 3 [ots.] 

IN-€ON-TRAGT'ED, a. Not contracted 3 not shortened. 

IN-€ON-TRoLL'A-BLE, a. Not to be controlled 3 that can- 
not be restrjiined or governed 3 uncontrollable. 

IN-€ON-TRoEL'A-BLY, adv. In a manner that admits of 
no control. 

IN-CON-TRO-VERT'I-BLE, a. Indisputable 3 too clear or 
certain to admit of dispute. 

IN-€ 0 \-TRO-VERT'I-BLY, adr. In a manner or to a de- 
gree that precludes debate or controversy. 

IN-€ 0 N-VE'NI-ENCE, ) n. [L. inconvenicns.] 1 . Unfit- 

IN-€ON-Ve'NI-EN-CY, 1 ness 3 unsuitableness 3 inexpe- 
dience. 2 . That which gives trouble or uneasiness 3 dis- 
advantage 3 any thing tliat disturbs quiet, impedes pros- 
perity, orjncreases the difficulty of action or success. 

IN-€ON-\'k'NI-ENCE, r. t. To trouble 3 to put to incon- 
vciiicncc. 

IN-CON-Ve'NI-ENT, a. [Fr.] 1 . Incommodious 3 unsuit- 

able 3 disadvantageous 3 giving trouble or uneasiness 3 
increasing the difficulty of progress or success. 2 . Unfit 3 
unsuitable. 

IN-€ 0 N-VE'NI-ENT-LY, adv. Unsuitably 3 incommodi- 
ously 3 in a manner to give trouble 3 unseasonably. 

IN-€ 0 N-VERS'A-BLE, a. Not inclined to free conversa- 
tion 3 incommunicative 3 unsocial 3 reserved. 

IN-€ON'VERS-ANT, a. Not conversant 3 not familiar. 

IN-€ 0 N-VERT-I-BIL'I-TY, 71 . The quality of not being 
changeable or convertible into something else. Walsh. 

IN-CON-VERTT-BLE, a. Not convertible 3 that cannot be 
transmuted or changed into something else. 

IN-€ 0 N-V 1 N'CI-BLE, a. Not convincible 3 that cannot bo 
convinced 3 not capable of conviction. 

IN-CON-VIN'CI-BLY, adv. In a manner not admitting of 
conviction. 

IN-€o'NY, a, or n. [qu. in, and con, to know.] Unlearned : 
artless 3 an accomplished person, in contempt. [III.] 
Shak. 

IN-CORTO-RAL, a. Not consisting of matter or body 3 
immaterial. Raleigh. 

IN-COR-PO-RALT-TY, n. The quality of not consisting 
of matter 3 immateriality. 

IN-eOR'PO-RAL-LY, adv. Without matter or a body 3 im- 
materially. 

IN-COR'PO-RATE, a. 1 . Not consisting of matter 5 not hav- 
ing a material body 3 [little used.] 2 . Mixed 3 united in 
one body 3 associated. 

IN-€OR'PO-RATE, r. f. [Fr. iwcorporcr ; L. incorporo.] 1 . 
In pharmacy, to mix different ingredients in one mass or 
body 3 to reduce dry substances to the consistence of paste 
by the admixture of a fluid, as in making pills, &.c. 2. 
To mix and imbody one substance in another. 3 . To 
unite 3 to blend 3 to work into another mass or body. 4 , 
To unite 3 to associate in another government or empire. 
5 . To imbody 3 to give a material form to. 6. To form 
into a legal body, or body politic. 

IN-€OR'PO-RATE, v. i. To unite so as to make a part of 
another body 3 to be mixed or blended 3 to grow into. 

IN-GORTO-RA-TED, pp. Mixed or united in one body 3 
associated in the same political body 3 united in a legal 
body. 

IN-GORTO R A-TING, ppr. Mixing or uniting in one body 
or mass 3 associating in the same political body 3 forming 
a legal body. 

IN-GOR-PO-R action, n. 1 . The act of incorporating. 2 . 
Union of different ingredients in one mass. 3 . Association 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 5 , V, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 5— f Obsolete. 


INC 


443 


INC 


in the same political body. 4 . Fonnation of a legal 
or political body by the union of indivsduals, constituting 
an artiticjal person. 

IN-€OR-PO'KE-AL, a. [L. incorporalis.] Not consisting 
of matter ; not having a material body j immaterial. 

IN-COR-FO'RE-AL-LY, adv. Without body 3 immaterially. 
Bacon . 

IN-EOR-FO-Re'I-TY, 71 . The quality of being not material 3 
immateriality. 

IN-€ORPSE', (in-korps') v. t. To incorporate. [Barbarous.] 

IN-€OR-RE€T', a. 1 . Not correct ; not exact ; not according 
to a copy or model, or to established rules 3 inaccurate 3 
faulty. 2 . Not according to truth 3 inaccurate. 3 . Not 
according to law or morality. 

IN-€OR-RE€'TION, n. Want of correction. Arnway. 

IN-€OR-REeT'LY, adv. Not in accordance with truth or 
other standard 3 inaccurately 3 not exactly. 

IN-€OR-RE€T'NESS, n. Want of conformity to truth or 
to a standard 3 inaccuracy. 

IN-€OR'R[-(j 1 -BLE, a. 1 . That cannot be corrected or 
amended 3 bad beyond correction. 2 . Too depraved to 
be corrected or reformed. 

IN-€OR'Rl-Gf-BLE-NESS, or IN-€OR-RI-6l-BILT-TY, 77. 
The quality of being bad, erroneous or depraved beyond cor- 
rection 3 hopeless depravity in persons and error in things. 

IN-€OR'RI-Gl-BLY, adv. To a degree of depravity beyond 
all means of amendment. Roscom.non. ■ 

IN-EOR-RUPT', ) a. [Lt. incorruptus.] Not corrupt 3 not 

IN-€’OR-RUPT ED, \ irarred, impaired or spoiled 3 not 
defiled or depraved 3 pure 3 sound 3 untainted. 

IN-€OR-RyPT-I-BIL'i-TY,7i. The quality of being inca- 
pable of decay or corruption. 

IN-COR-RUPTT-BLE, a. 1 . That cannot corrupt or decay 3 
not admitting of corruption. 2 . That cannot be bribed 3 
inflexibly just and upright. 

IN-€OR-RUPT'I-BLE-NESS, 71. The quality of being in- 
corruptible, or not liable to decay. Boyle. 

IN'€OR-RUP'TION, n. Incapacity of being corrupted. 

IN-GOR-RUP^TI VE, a. Not liable to corruption. 

IN-GOR-RUPT'NESS, n. 1 . Exemption from decay or cor- 
ruption. 2 . Purity of mind or manners 5 probity 3 integ- 
rity 3 honesty. 

IN-€RAS'SATE, v. t. [L. incrassatus.] 1 . To make thick 
or thicker 3 to thicken 3 the contrary to attenuate. — 2 . In 
pharmacy^ to make fluids thicker by the mixture of other 
substances less fluid, or by evaporating the thinner parts. 

IN-€RAS'SATE, v. i. To become thick or thicker. 

IN-€RAS'SATE, 1 a. 1 . In botany^ thickened or becom- 

IN-€RAS'SA-TED, ) ing thicker towards the flower. 2 . 
Fattened. 

IN-€RAS'SA-TED, pp. Made thick or thicker. 

IN-€RAS'SA-TING, ppr. Rendering thick or thicker 3 
growing thicker. 

IN-€RAS-Sa'TION, n. The act of thickening, or state of 
becoming thick or thicker. Brown. 

IN-€RAS'SA-TlVE, a. Having the quality of thickening. 

IN-€RAS'SA-TiVE, n. That which has tlie power to thick- 
en. Harvey. 

IN-€ReAS'A-BLE, a. That may be increased. Sherwood. 

1 N-CReASE', V. i. [L. incresco.] 1 . To become greater in 
bulk or quantity 3 to grow 3 to augment 3 as plants : to be- 
come more in number 3 to advance in value, or in any 
quality, good or bad. 2 . To become more violent. 3 . To 
become more bright or vivid. 4 . To swell 3 to rise. 5 . 
To swell 3 to become louder, as sound. 6. To become of 
more esteem and authority. 7 . To enlarge, as the enlight- 
ened part of the moon’s disk. 

IN-€R£ASE', V. t. 1 . To augment or make greater in bulk, 
quantity or amount. 2 . To advance in quality 3 to add to 
any quality or affection. 3 . To extend 3 to lengthen. 4 . 
To extend 3 to spread. 5 . To aggravate. 

IN-€ReASE', 77. 1 . Augmentation 3 a growing larger 3 ex- 
tension. 2 . Increment 3 profit 3 interest 3 that which is 
added to the original stock. 3 . Produce, as of land. 4 . 
Progeny 3 issue 3 offspring. 5 . Generation. 6. The 
waxing of the moon 3 the augmentation of the luminous 
part of the moon, presented to the inhabitants of the earth. 
7 . Augmentation of strength or violence. 8. Augmenta- 
tion of degree. 

IN-GReAS ED, (in-kreest')pp. Augmented 3 made or grown 
larger. 

IN-GReASE'FIJL, a. Abundant of produce. Shak. 

IN-€REAS'ERj 7?. He or that which increases. 

IN-GReASTNG, ppr. Growing 3 becoming larger 3 advanc- 
ing in any quality, good or bad. 

IN-€RE-AT^b S Uncreated, which see. 

IN GRED-I-BILT-TY, n. fFr. ineredibilitc.] The quality 
of surpassing belief, or of being too extraordinary to ad- 
mit of belief. 

IN-GRED'I-BLE, a. [L. ineredibilis.] That cannot be 
believed 3 not to be credited 3 too extraordinary and im- 
probable to admit of belief. 

IN-€RED'I-BLE-NESS, n. Incredibility, which see. 


IN-€RED'U-LOUS, a. [L. incredulus.] believing • 

IN'CRE-MENT, «. [L. tnermeat,,,,,.] 1 . Increase ; agro„- 
ing in bulk, quantity, number, value or amount ; au‘>men- 
tation. 2. Produce 3 production. 3 . Matter added • in- 
crease. — 4 . In mathematieSj the quantity by which a 
variable quantity increases 3 a differential quantity. 

t IN'GRE-PATE,75. t. [L. 77icrepo.] To chide 3 to rebuke. 

IN-€RE-Pa'TION, 77. [It. inerepazione.] A chiding or re- 
buking 3 rebuke 3 reprehension. Hammond. 

IN-€RES'CEx\T , a. [L. increscens.] Increasing ; erowinc* 
augmenting 3 swelling. ^ ^ ^ ’ 

IN-GRIM'I-N ATE, v. t. [L. in and criminor.] To accuse 3 
to charge with a crime or fault. 

t IN-CRU-ENT'AL, a. [L. ineruentus.] Unbloody 3 not 
attended with blood. 

IN-GRUST^, V. t. [L. ijierusto.] To cover with a crust or 
with a hard coat 3 to form a crust on the surface of any 
substance. 

IN-€RUST'ATE, v. t. To incrust. 

IN-CRUST-A'TION, 77. [L. inerustatio.] I. A crust or 
rough coat of any thing on the surface of a body. 2 . A 
covering or lining of marble or other stone. 

IN-CRYS TAL-lZ-A-BLE, a. That will not crystalize 3 that 
cannot be formed into crystals. 

IN'CU-BATE, V. i. [L. incubo.] To sit, as on eggs for 
hatching 

IN-GU-Ba'TION, 77. [L. ine^ibatio.] The act of sitting on 
eggs for the purpose of hatching young. Ray. 

t IN-Gu^BA-TURE, 77. Incubation. 

IN'GU-BUS,77. [L.] I. The nightmare 3 an oppression of the 
breast in sleep, or sense of weight, with an almost total 
loss of the power of moving the body, while the imagina- 
tion is frightened or astonished. 2 . A demon 3 an im- 
aginary being or fairy. 

IN-GULG'ATE, V. t. [L. inculeo.] To impress by frequent 
admonitions 3 to teacli and enforce by frequent repetitions 3 
to urge on the mind. 

IN-GULG'A-TED, pp. Impressed or enforced by frequent 
admonitions. 

IN-GULG'A-TING, ppr. Impressing or enforcing by repeat- 
ed instruction. 

IN-GULG-a'TION, 77. The action of impressing by repeated 
admonitions. 

IN-GULP'A-BLE, a. Without fault 3 unblamable 3 that can- 
not be accused. SoiUh. 

IN-GULP' A-BLE-NESS, n. Unblamableness. Mountagw. 

IN-GULP A-BL Y, adv. Unblamably 3 without blame. 

IN-GULT', a. [L. incultus.] Untilled 3 uncultivated. 

IN-GUL'TI-VA-TED, a. Not cultivated 3 uncultivated. 

IN-GUIi-TI-VA'TIOxV, n. Neglect or want of cultivation. 

IN-GULT'URE, n. Want or neglect of cultivation. 

IN-GUM'BEN-CY, n. I. A lying or resting on something. 
2 . The state of holding or being in possession of a bene- 
fice, or of an office. 

IN-GUM'BENT, a. [L. incumbens.] 1 . Lying or resting on. 
2 . Supported 3 buoyed up. 3 . Leaning on, or resting 
against. 4 . Lying on, as duty or obligation 3 imposed 
and emphatically urging or pressing to performance 3 in- 
dispensable. 

IN-GUM'BENT, n. The person who is in present posses- 
sion of a benefice, or of any office. 

IN-GUM'BER, V. t. [Fr. eneombrer.] To burden with a 
load 3 to embarrass. See Encumber, and its derivatives. 

IN-GUM'BRANGE, n. 1 . A burdensome and troublesome 
load 3 any' thing that impedes motion or action, or renders 
it difficult or laborious 3 clog 3 impediment 3 embarrass- 
ment. 2 . A legal claim on the estate of another. 

IN-GUM'BRAN-CER, n. One who has an incumbrance, or 
some legal claim on an estate. Kent. 

flN-GUM'BROUS, a. Cumbersome 3 troublesome. Chaucer. 

IN-GUR' r. t. [L. i77C77rro.] 1 . To become liable to 3 to 

become subject to. 2 . To brii 
meet ; to press on 3 [065.] 


bring on. 3 . To occur 3 to 


IN-GU-RA-BILT-TY, 77. [Fr. incurabilite.] The state of 
being incurable 5 impossibility of cure 3 insusceptibility 
of cure or remedy. 

IN-GUR'A-BLE, a. 1 . That cannot be cured 3 not admit- 
ting of cure 3 beyond the power of skill or medicine. 2. 
Not admitting remedy or correction 3 irremediable 3 rein- 
cdilcss* 

IN-GuR'*A-BLE, n. A person diseased beyond the reach of 


cure. 


IN-GuR'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of not admitting cure 

or remedy. , . j 

IN-GuR' A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that renders 

cure impracticable. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE 3— BTJLL, UNITE.— G as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


IND 


2ND 


444 


IN*-€T**Rt-OSl-TY, 7»' Want of curiosity ; inattentiveness 3 
indirtcrciicc* 

IN-t;0'RI-OU*S r> Destitute of curiosity j not curious or 
inquisitive ; ’^attentive. Swift, 

Without inquisitiveness. Bp. 

Hall, 

IN-€0'P^"^US NESS, «. Want of curiosity or inquisitive- 
nes«* Chesterfield. 

IpjdDll'RED, (in-kurrd') Broughton. 

i'N-EUR'RING, Becoming subject or liable to 5 bring- 
ing on. 

TN-tJDR'SION, n. [Er. incursion; L. incursio.] 1. An 
entering into a territory with hostile intention ; an inroad 5 
applied to the expeditions of small parties or detachments 
of an enemy’s army, entering a territory for attack, plun- 
der or destruction of a post or magazine. Irlence it 
differs from invasion, which is the hostile entrance of an 
army for conquest. 2. Attack j occurrence ; iinusual. 
South. 

IN-eURV/ATE, V. t. [L. uicztm;.] To bend j to crook ; to 
turn from a right line or straiglit course. 

IN-6URV ATE, a. Curved inwards or upwards. 

Ix\-CURV'A-TED, Bentj turned from a rectilinear di- 
rection. 

IN-C UR V'A-TING, ppr. Bending; turning from a right 
line. 

IN-CURV-A'TION, 71. 1. The act of bending. 2. The 
state of being bent, or turned from a rectilinear course ; 
curvity ; crookedness. 3. The act of bowing, or bend- 
ing the body in respect or reverence. 

IN-CURVE', (in-kurv') v. t. To bend ; to make crooked. 

IN-€URV'1-TY, n. A state of being bent or crooked ; crook- 
edness ; a bending inward. Brown. 

•f IN'DA-GATE, v. t. [L. indago.] To seek or search out. 

LV-DA-Ga'TION, 71. The act of searching; search; in- 
quiry; examination. [Little used.] Boyle. 

IN'DA-GA-TOR, n. A searcher ; one who seeks or inquires 
witli diligence. [Little used.] Boyle. 

IN'DaRT, V. t. To dart in ; to thrust or strike in 

IN-DEBT', a verb, is never used. 

IN-DEBT'ED, (in-det'ted) a. [It. indebitato.] 1. Being in 
debt ; having incurred a debt ; held or obliged to pay. 2. 
Obliged by something received, for which restitution or 
gratitude is due. 

IN-DEBT ED-NESS, (in-det ted-nes) n. The state of being 
indebted. 

IN-DEBT'MENT, (in-det'ment) n. The state of being in- 
debted. [Little used.] Hall. 

IN-DK'CEN-CY, n. [Fr. indecence.] That which is un- 
becoming in language or manners ; any action or beha- 
vior which is deemed a violation of modesty, or an of- 
fense to delicacy. 

IN-Dr'CENT, a. [Fr. ; L. indecens.] Unbecoming ; unfit 
to be seen or heard ; offensive to modesty and delicacy. 

IN-DE'CENT-LY, ado. In a manner to offend modesty or 
delicacy. 

IN-DE-CID'U-OUS, a. Not falling, as the leaves of trees in 
autumn; lasting; evergreen. 

IN-DEC'I-MA-BLE, a. Not liable to the payment of tithes. 

IN-DE-CIS'ION, 71. Want of decision ; want of settled pur- 
pose, or of firmness in the determinations of tiie will ; a 
wavering of mind ; irresolution. 

IN-DE-CI'SIVE, a. 1. Not decisive ; not bringing to a final 
close or ultimate issue. 2. Unsettled ; wavering ; vacil- 
lating ; hesitating. 

IN-DE-CI'SIVE-LY, ado. Without decision. 

IN-DE-Cl'SIVE-NESS, n. The state of being undecided ; 
unsettled state ; state of not being brought to a final issue. 

IN-DE-€LIN'A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. indecUnabilis.] Not de- 
clinable ; not varied by terminations. 

IN-DE-GLtN'A-BLY, arfy. Without variation. Mountagu. 

IN-DE-€OiM-P6'SA-BLE, a. Not capable of decomposition, 
or of being resolved into the primary constituent elements. 

IN-DE-€OM-Po'SA-BLE-NESS, n. Incapableness of de- 
composition. 

^'IN-DEG'O-ROUS, or IN-DE-€o'ROUS, a. [L. indecorus.] 
Unbecoming ; violating good manners ; contrary to the 
established rules of good breeding, or to the forms of re- 
spect which age and station require. — Indecorous is some- 
times equivalent to indecent ; but it is less frequently appli- 
ed to actions which offend modestv and chastity. 

*f‘IN-DEeO-ROUS-LY, or IN-DE-€o'ROU;3-LY, ado. In 
an unbecoming manner. 

* liN-DEG'O-ROUS-NESS, or IN-DE-€o'ROUS-NESS, n. 
Violation of good manners in words or behavior. 

IN-DPI-€o'RUM, 71. [L.] Impropriety of behavior ; that 
in behavior or manners which violates the established 
rules of civility, or the duties of respect which age or 
station requires ; an unl)ecoming action. It is sometimes 
synonymous withindecency ; but indecency, more frequent- 
ly than indecorum, is applied to words or actions which 
refer to what nature and propriety require to be concealed 
or suppressed. 

IN-DEED', ado. [in and deed.] In reality ; in truth ; in fact. 


Indeed is usually emphatical, but in some cases more so 
than in others; as, tiiis is true ; it is indeed. It is used 
as an expression of surprise, or for the purpose of obtain- 
ing confirmation of a fa;.t stated ; as, indeed ! is it possible ? 

IN-DE-FAT'1-G A-BLE, a. [L. indefatigabilis.] Unweari- 
ed ; not tired; not exhausted by labor; not yielding to 
fatigue. 

IN-DE-FAT'I-GA-BLE-NESS, 71. Unweariedness; persist- 
ency. Parnell. 

IN-UE-FAT-I-GA-BIL'I-TY, 71. Unweariness. Life i f Bp. 
.Andrews. 

IN-DE-FAT'I-GA-BLY, ado. Without weariness ; without 
yielding to fatigue. Dnjdcn. 

t IN-DE-FAT-I-Ga'TION, n. Unweariedness. 

IN-DE-FkAS-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being 
not subject to be made void. 

IN-DE-FeAS'1-BLE, a. Not to be defeated ; that cannot 
be made void. 

IN-DE-Fi<:AS'i-BLY, ado. In a manner not to be defeated 
or made void. 

IN-DE-FE€T-I-BIL'I-TY, 71. The quality of being subject 
to no defect or decay. 

IN-DE-FEGT'l-BEE, a. Unfailing ; not liable to defect, 
failure or decay. 

iN-Dll-FEGT'lVE, a. Not defective ; perfect; complete. 

tlN-DE-FElS'I-BLE, a. Indefeasible. 

IN-DE-FENS-I-B!L'1-TY, 71. 3’he quality or state of not be- 
ing capable of defense or vindication. iValsh. 

IN-DE-FENS'I-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be defended or 
maintained. 2. Not to be vindicated or justified. 

IN-DE-FENS'IVE., a. Having no defense. Herbert. 

IN-DE-FI 'CIEN-GY, n. The quality of not being deficient, 
or of sufiering no delay. 

IN DE-Fi'CIENT, a. Not deficient; not fiiiling; perfect. 

IN-DE-FTxN' A-BLE, a. That cannot be defined. 

IN-DEF'I-NiTE, a. [L. indefimtus.] 1. Not limited or de- 
fined ; not determinate ; not precise or certain. 2. That 
has no certain limits, or to which the human mind can 
alfix none. 

IN-DEF'I-NiTE-LY, ado. 1. Without any settled limita- 
tion. 2. Not precisely ; not with certainty or precision. 

IN-DEF'I-Ni'J’E-NESt?, n. The quality of being undefined, 
unlimited, or not precise and certain. 

t IN-DE-FIN'I-TUDE, n. Cluantity not limited by our 
understanding, though yet finite. Hale. 

IN-DE-LIB'ER-ATE, a. Done or performed without delib- 
eration or consideration ; sudden ; unpremeditated. 

t IN-DE-LIB'ER-A-TED. The same as indeliberate. 

IN-DE-LIB'ER-ATE-LY, ado. Without deliberation or pre- 
meditation. 

IN-DEL-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being indelible. 

IN-DEL'I-BLE, a. [Fr. indelebile.] 1. Not to be blotted out ; 
that cannot be effaced or canceled. 2. Not to be annull- 
ed. 3. 'I’hat cannot be effaced or lost. 

IN-DEL'I-BLY, ado. In a manner not to be blotted out or 
effaced ; too deeply imprinted to be effaced. 

IN-DEL'I-GA-CY, 7i. 1. Want of delicacy ; want of decen- 
cy in language or behavior. 2. Want of a nice sense of 
propriety, or nice regard to refinement in manners or in 
the treatment of others ; rudeness ; coarseness of manners 
or language. 

IN-DEL' [-€ ATE, a. 1. Wanting delicacy ; indecent. 2. 
Offensive to good manners, or to purity of mind. 

IN-DEL'I-GATE-LY, ado. Indecently ; in a manner to of- 
fend against good manners or puritv of mind. 

IN-DEM-NI-FI-Ca'TION, 71. 1. The act of indemnifying, 
saving harmless, or securing against loss, damage or pen- 
alty. 2. Security against loss. 3. Reimbursement of loss, 
damage or penalty. 

IN-DEM'NI-FIED, pp. Saved harmless; secured against 
damage. 

IN-DEM NI-FY, v. t. 1. To save harmless; to secure 
against loss, damage or penalty. 2. To make good ; to re- 
imburse to one what he has lost. 

IN-DEM'NI-Fy-ING, ppr. Saving harmless; securing 
against loss ; reimbursing loss. 

IN-DEM'NI-TY, n. [Fr. indemnite.] ]. Security given to 
save harmless ; a writing or pledge by which a person is 
secured against future loss. 2. Security against punish- 
ment. 

IN-DE-MON'STR A-BLE, a. That cannot be demonstrated. 

IN-DEN-I-Za'TION, 71. The act of naturalizing, or the pa- 
tent by which a person is made free. 

IN-DEN'fZE, V. t. To endenize, which see. 

IN-DEN'I-ZEN, V. t. To invest with the privileges of a 
free citizen. Ooerbury. 

IN-DENT', V. t. [i«, and Fr. dent.] 1. To notch ; to jag ; to 
cut any margin into points or inequalities, like a row of 
teeth. 2. To bind out by indentures or contract. 

IN-DENT', 7;. i. To contract ; to bargainor covenant. 

IN-DENT', 71. 1. Incisure ; a cut or notch in the margin of 
any thing, or a recess like a notch. 2. A stamp. 

IN'DENT, 71. A certificate, or indented certificate, issued by 
the government of the United States, at the close of the 


* See Synopsis. 5, K. I, O, U, Y, 


fonjr.^FAR, FALL, WHAT ;- 


-PREY ;~PIN, MARINE, BUD ;- 


t Obsoleio. 


IND 


445 


revolution, for the principal or interest of the public debt. 
Hamilton. 

IN-DE:V'J’-a'TIOX, or IN-DENT'MENT, 71. 1. A notch ; 
a cut ill the margin of paper or other things. 2. A recess 
or depression in any border. 

IN-DE-\'T'ED, pp. 1. Cut in the edge into points, like teeth. 
2. Bound out liy indented writings. 3. Bound out by 
writings, or covenants in writing. 

IN-DEAT'IAG, ppr. 1. Cutting into notches. 2. Binding 
out by covenants in writing. 

IiVDEAT'MENT, n. Indenture. 

IX-DEXT'CllE, 71. A writing containing a contract. 

IJN’-DEXT'UllE, V. t. To indent j to bind by indentures. 

lA'-DENT' URE, v. i. To run in and out; to indent. Hey- 
wood. 

IX-DE-PEXD'ENCE, n. 1. A state of being not dependent ; 
complete exemption from control, or the power of others. 
2. A state in vvJiich a person does not rely on others for 
subsistence; ability to support one’s self. 3. A state of 
mind in wliicli a person acts without bias or iuiiiiencc 
from others ; exemption from undue iniluence ; self-di- 
rection. 

IN-DE-PEND^ENT, a. 1. Not dependent; not subject to 
tlie control of others ; not subordinate. 2. Not holding or 
enjoying possessions at tlie will of another; not relying 
on others ; not dependent. 3. Affording tlie means of 
independence. 4. Not subject to bias or iniluence ; not 
obsequious ; self-directing. 5. Not connected with. d. 
Free; easy; self-commanding; bold; unconstrained. 7. 
Separate from : exclusive. 8. Pertaining to an independ- 
ent or congregational church. 

IX-DE-PENU'ENT, n. One who, in religious affairs, main- 
tains tliat every congregation of Christians is a complete 
church, subject to no sujierior authority. 

IX-DE-PEXD'EXT-LY, adc. 1. Without depending or re- 
lying on otliers ; witliout control. 2. \\ ithoiit undue bias 
or iniluence ; not obsequiously. 3. Witnout connection 
with otiier tilings. 

IX-DEP'RE-CA-BLE, a. That cannot be deprecated. 

IX-DEP-RE-H EXS'1-BLE, a. That cannot be found out. 

IiS-l)E-PRlV'A-BLE, a. That cannot be deprived. 

IX-DE-S€RlB'A-BLE, a. That cannot be described. 

IX-DE-S€R1P'T1VE, a. Not descriptive or containing just 
description. 

IX-DE-.SERT', 71. Want of merit or worth. 

IX-DEST-XEXT, a. Not ceasing ; perpetual. 

IX-DE8'I-NENT-LY, adc. Without cessation. Ray. 

IX-I)E-STRUCT-I-BlL'I-TY, n. 'J’he quality of resistingde- 
cemposition, or of being incapable of destruction. 

IN-DE-tfTRCC'TI-BLE, a. That cannot he destroyed; 
incapable of decomposition ; as a material substance. 

IN-L)E-TERM'I-XA-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be determined, 
ascertained or fixed. 2. Not to be determined or ended. 

IN-DE-TERM'l-NATE, a. 1. Not determinate ; not settled 
or fixed; not definite; uncertain. 2. Not certain; not 
precise. 

IN-DE-TERJIT-NATE-LY, adc. 1. Not in any settled 
manner; indefinitely; not with precise limits. 2. Not 
with certainty or precision of signification. 

IN-DE-TERM'I-NATE-NESS, 7?. Indefiniteness; want of 
certain limits ; want of precision. Paley. 

IN-DE-TERM-[-Na'T 10N, 77. 1. Want of determination; 
an unsettled or wavering state. 2. Want of fixed or stated 
direction. 

IN-DE-TERMTNED, a. Undetermined ; unsettled ; un- 
fixed. 

TN-DE-VoTE', a. Not devoted. Bentley. 

IN-DE-VoT'£D, a. Not devoted. Clarendon. 

IN-DE-Vo'TfON, V. [Fr.; in and devution.] Want of devo- 
tion ; absence of devout afiections. 

IN-DE-VOIJT/, a. [Fr. indevot.] Not devout ; not having 
devout affections. Decay of Piety. 

IN-DE-VOUT'LY, adc. Without devotion. 

IN'DEX, 77. ; pin. Indexes, sometimes Indices. [L.] 1. 
That which points out ; that which shows or manifests. 
2. Tlie hand that points to any thing, as the hour of the 
day, the road to a place, &c. 3. A table of the contents 

of a book. Watts. A table of references in an alphabet- 
ical order. — 4. In anatomy, the fore finger, or pointing fin- 
ger. — 5. \n arithmetic and tliat which shows to 

wliat power any quantity is involved ; the exponent. — 6. 
The bidet of a ^lube, or the gnomon, is a little style fitted 
on the north pole, which, by turning with the globe, serves 
to point to certain divisions of the hour circle. — 7. In yniisic, 
a direct, wliich see. — Index expurgatory, in catholic coun- 
tries, a catalogue of prohibited books. 

IN-DEX'I €.^L, a. Having the form of an index ; pertaining 
to an index. 

IN-DEX'I-€AL-LY, ado. In the manner of an index. 

IN-UEX-TERT-TY, 77. 1. Want of dexterity or readiness 
in the use of the hands ; clumsiness ; awkwardness. 2. 
Want of skill or readiness in any art or occupation. 

IN'DIA, 71. A country in Asia, so named from the river 
Indus. 


IND 

IN^piAN, (ind'yan) a. Pertaining to either of the Indies, 
East or West. 

IN'DI AN, (ind'yan) n. A general name of any native of the 

iTv^V>i t American continent. 

I \ M Root, 71. A plant of the genus maranta. 

IN'DIAN Berry, 71. A plant. 

Breac/, ?i. A plant of the genxis jatropha. 

IN DiAN Corn, n. A plant, the maize, of the genus tea » 
a native of America. 

IN'DJAN Cress, 71 . A plant of the genus tropceolum. 

IN'DIAN Fig, 77 . A plant of tJie genus cactus. 

IN'DI.'y>i Life, 71. A substance brought from China, used 
for u*ter-colors. 

IN'DI/kN-lTE, n. A mineral of the color of white or gray. 

IN'DI AN Reed, n. A plant of tlie genus canna 

IN'DIAN Red, u. A species of ochre. Hill. 

IN'DIA Rubber, v. 1'he caoutchouc, a substance of extraor- 
dinary elasticity, called also clastic gum or resin. 

IN'DI-CANT', a. [L. indicans.'\ Showing; pointing out 
what is to be dou“ for the cure of disease. 

IN'Dl-CATE, V. t. [L. indico.] 1. I’o show ; to point out ; 
to discover; to direct the mind to a knowledge of some- 
thing. 2. To tell ; to disclose — 3. In medicine, to show or 
manifest by symptoms ; to point to as the proper remedies. 

IN'Di-C.A-l’ED, pp. fBliown ; pointed out; directed. 

IN'Di-CA-TING, ppr. fchowing ; pointing out; directing. 

IN-DI-Ca'TION, n. 1. The act of pointing out. 2. Mark ; 
token ; sign ; symptom. — 3. in medicine, any symptom or 
occurrence in a disease, which serves to direct to suita- 
ble remedies. 4. Discovery made; intelligence given. 

5. Explanation ; display ; [little used.~\ 

IN-DiC'A-'i IV'E, a. [L. indie ativ us.'] J. Showing; giving 
intimation or knowledge of something not visible or obvi- 
ous. — 2. in grammar, the indicative mode is tlie form of 
the verb tiiat indicates, that is, wiiich afiirms or denies. 

IN-DIC'A-1 iV'E-LY, o.dc. In a manner to show or signify. 

IN 'DI-C A-'i'OR, 71. lie or that wliich shows or points cut. 

IN'DI-CA-TO-RY, a. Showing ; serving to show or make 
known. 

IN'DICE. Sec Index. 

IN'DI-€0-IffTE, 71. [indigo, or indico, and Gr. In 

mineralogy, a variety of shoii or tourmalin. 

IN-DiCT', (in-dite') v. t. [L. indici.us.'] In law, to accuse 
or cJiarge with a crime or misdemeanor, in writing, by a 
grand jury under oath. 

IN-DICT'A-BLE, (in-dit'a-bl) a. 1. That may be indicted. 
2. Subject to be presented by a grand jury ; subject to in- 
dicDnent. 

IN-DiCT'ED, (in-dit ed) pp. Accused by a grand jury. 

IN-DIC'r'EK, (in-diter), ?i. One who indicts. 

IN-DICT'ING, (in-dit'ing) ppr. Accusing, or making a 
formal or written cliarge of a crime by a grand jury. 

IN-Di€ TJON, 71 . [Fr,; Low C. indixtio.] 1. Declaration; 
proclamation. Bacon. — 2. In chronology, a cycle of fifteen 
years, instituted by Constantine the Great ; it was begun 
Jan. I, A. D. 313 ; originally, a period of taxation. 

IN-DIG'TIVE, a. Proclaimed ; declared. Kcnnet. 

IN-DiCT'.MENT, (in-dlie'ment) n. 1. A written accusation 
or formal charge of a crime or misdemeanor, preferred by 
a grand jury under oath to a court. 2. 'I he paper or 
parchment containing tlie accusation of a grand jury. 

IN'DIES, 71. ; phi. of India. 

IN-DlF'FER-ENCE, 71 . [Fr. ; F. in differentia.] 1. Equipoise 
or neutrality of mind between different persons or things ; 
a state in which the mind is not inclined to one side more 
than the other. 2. Impartiality ; fieedom from prejudice, 
prepossession or bias. 3. Unconceriiedness ; a state of 
tlie mind when it feels no anxiety or interest in what is 
presented to it. 4. State in which there is no difference, 
or in wliich no moral or physical reason preponderates. 

IN-DIF'FER-ENT, 1 /. [T-'r. ; C. indfferens.] 1. Neutral j 
not inclined to one side, party or thing more than to an- 
other. 2. Unconcerned ; feeling no interest, anxiety or 
care respecting any thing. 3. Having no influence or pre- 
ponderating weight ; having no difference that gives a 
preference. 4. Neutral, as to good or evil. 5. Impartial ; 
disinterested ; as an indifferent judge, juror or arbitrator* 

6. Passable ; of a middling stale or quality ; neither good, 
nor tJie worst. 

IN-DIF'FER-ENT-LY, ciZy. 1. Without distinction or pre- 
ference. 2. Equally ; impartially ; without fc vor, preju- 
dice or bias. 3. In a neutral state ; without concern; 
without wish or aversion. 4. Not well ; tolerabl)'’ ; pass- 
ably. 

IN'DI-GENCE, \ n. [Fr. indigence.] Want of estate, or 

IN'DI-GEN-CY, i means of comfortable subsistence ; pen- 
ury ; poverty. 

IN'Dl-GENE, 77 . [L. ivdigena.] One born in a country ; a 
native animal or plant. Evelyn. 

IN-DIG'E-NOUS, a. I. Native ; born in a country. 2. Na- 
tive ; produced naturally in a country ; not exotic. 

IN'DI-GENT, a. [L. indigens ; Fr. indigent.] Destitute of 
property or means of subsistence ; needy ; poor. 

t IN-DI-GEST', n. A crude mass. Shah. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete 


IND 


446 IND 


IN-t)I-<jrEST^ED, a. [L. indigestusA 1. Not digested ; not 
concocted in the stomach ; not changed or prepared for 
nourishing the body j undigested j crude. 2. Not sepa- 
rated into distinct classes or orders, or into proper form ; 
not regularly disposed and arranged. 3. Not methodized j 
not reduced to due form ; crude. 4. Not prepared by 
heat. 5. Not brought to suppuration, as the contents of 
an abscess or boil. 

IN-Dl-(jEST^l-BLE, a 1. Not digestible ; not easily con- 
verted into chyme, or prepared in the stomach for nour- 
ishing the body. 2. Not to be received or patiently en- 
dured. ^ 

IN-D1-6ES'TI0N, n. Want of due coction in the stomach j 
a failure of that change in food which prepares it for nu- 
triment j crudity. — As a disease^ dyspepsy. 

IN-DIG'I-TATE, V. t. To point out with the finger. 

IN-DIG-I-Ta'I’ION, 71. The act of pointing out with the 
finger. 

t IN-DiGN', (in-dine') a. [L. indignus.] Unworthy ; dis- 
graceful. Chaucer, 

t IN-DIG'NANCE, 71. Indignation. Spenser. 

IN-DIG'NANT, a. [L. indignans.] Atfected at once with 
anger and disdain ; feeling the mingled emotions of wrath 
and scorn or contempt. 

IN-DIG'iNANT-LY, adv. With indignation. 

IN-DIG-NA'TION, t?. [Fy. ; Tu. indignatio.] 1. Anger or ex- 
treme anger, mingled with contempt, disgust or abhor- 
rence. 2. The anger of a superior ; extreme anger. 3. 
The effects of anger ; the dreadful effects of God’s wrath j 
terrible judgments. 4. Holy displeasure at one’s self for sin. 

t IN-DIG'NI-FY, V. t. To treat disdainfully. Spenser. 

IN-D1G<NI-TY, 71. [L. indignitas.] Unmerited, contemptu- 
ous conduct towards another ; any action towards an- 
other which manifests contempt for him ; contumely ; in- 
civility or injury, accompanied with insult. 

t IN-DIGN'LY, (in-dine'ly) adv. Unworthily. Hall, 

IN'Dl-GO, n, [L. indicum^ from India ; Fr., It., Sp. indigo.'] 
A substaiice or dye, prepared from the leaves and stalks 
of the indigo plant. 

IN-DI-GOM'E-'l'ER, n. An instrument for ascertaining the 
strength of indigo. Ure. 

IN'DI-GO-PLANT, n. A plant of the ge\ms indigofer a, from 
which is prepared indigo. 

IN-DIL'A-TO-RY, a. Not dilatory or slow. Cornwallis. 

IN-DIL'I-GENCE, n. Want of diligence; slothfulness. 

IN-DIL'I-GENT, a. Not diligent ; idle ; slothful. 

IN-DIL'I-GENT-LY, ado. Without diligence. Bp. Hall. 

IN-Dl-MIN^ISH-A-BLE, a. That cannot be diminished. 

IN-DI-REUT', a. [L. indircctas.] 1. Not straight or rectili- 
near ; deviating from a direct line or course ; circuitous. 
2. Not direct, in a moral sense ; not tending to a purpose 
by the shortest or plainest course, or by the obvious, ordi- 
nary means, but obliquely or consequentially. 3. Wrong ; 
impn'per. 4. Not fair ; not honest ; tending to mislead or 
deceive.- -5. Indirect tax is a tax or duty on articles of 
consumption, as an excise, customs, &c. 

IN-Dl-REG''JMON, n. 1. Oblique course or means. Shak. 
2. Dishonest practice ; [of/5.] Shale. 

IN-D1-RE€T'LVT, ado. 1. Not in a straight line or course ; 
obliquely. 2. Not by direct means. 3. Not in express 
terms. 4, Unfairly. 

IN-DI-RE€T'NESS, 71. 1. Obliquity; devious course. 2. 
Unfairness; dishonesty. Mountagu. 

IN-DIS-CERNd-BLE, (in-diz-zern'e-bl) a. That cannot be 
discerned ; not visible or perceptible ; not discoverable. 

IN-DIS-CERN'1-BLE-NESS, (in-diz-zern'e-bl-nes) n. In- 
capability of being discerned. Hammond. 

IN-DiS-CERN'1-BLY, (in-diz-zern'e-ble) adv. In a manner 
not to be seen or jTerceived. 

t IN-DIS-CERPd-BLE, a. Indiscerptible. More. 

IN-DIS-CERP'I-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of 
being indiscerpible. 

IN-DIS-CERP-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being inca- 
pable of dissolution, or separation of parts. 

IN-l)tS-CERP'Tl-BLE, a. Incapable of being destroyed by 
dissolution, or separation of parts. 

IN-DlS'Cl-PLIN-A-BLE, a. I’liat cannot be disciplined or 
subjected to discipline ; not capable of being improved by 
discipline. 

IN-Diy-C6V'ER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be discovered ; 
undiscoverable. 

IN-UIS-G6V'E-RY, n. Want of discovery. 

IN-DIS-GREET', a. 1. Not discreet ; wanting in discretion ; 
imprudent ; inconsiderate ; injudicious. 2. Not accord- 
ing to discretion or sound judgment. 

IN-UIS-€REET'LY, adv. Not discreetly ; without pru- 
dence ; inconsiderately; without judgment. 

IN-DIS-GReTE', a. Not discrete or separated. 

IN-DlS-URE''TION, n. [m and discretion.] Want of discre- 
tion ; imprudence. 

1N-DIS-€R1M'I-NATE, a. [L. indiscriminatus .] 1. Undis- 
tinguishing ; not making any distinction. 2. Not having 
discrimination ; confused. 3. Undistinguished or undis- 
tinguishable. 


IN-DIS-€RIM'I-NATE-LY, adv. Without distinction } in 
confusion. 

IN-DIS-CRIMT-NA-TING, ppr. or a. Not making any dis- 
tinction. 

IN-DIS-URIM-I-N ACTION, n. Want of discrimination or 
distinction. 

IN-DIS-€USS'ED, a. Not discussed. Donne. 

IN-DIS-PENS-A-BILT-TY, n. Indispensableness. 

IN-DIS-PENS'A-BLE, a. Not to be dispensed with ; that 
cannot be omitted, remitted or spared; absolutely neces- 
sary or requisite. 

IN-DIS-PENS'A-BLE-NESS, ti. The state or quality of be- 
ing absolutely necessary. 

IN-UIS-PENS'A-BLY, adv. Necessarily; in a manner or 
degree that forbids dispensation, omission or want. 

IN-DIS-PERS'ED, (in-dis-perst') a. Not dispersed. 

IN-DIS-PoSE', u. t. [Fr. indt5/7«5cr.] 1. To disincline ; to 
alienate the mind and render it averse or unfavorable 
to any thing. 2. To render unfit ; to disqualify for its 
proper functions ; to disorder. 3. To disorder slightly, as 
the healthy functions of the body. 4. To make unfavor- 
able or disinclined. 

IN-DIS-PoS'ED, (in-dis-pozd') pp. or a. ]. Disinclined; 
averse ; unwilling ; unfavorable. 2. Disordered ; dis- 
qualified for its functions ; unfit. 3. Slightly disordered ; 
not in perfect health. 

IN-DIS PoS'ED-NESS, n. 1. Disinclination ; slight aver- 
sion ; unwillingness; unfavorableness. 2. iJnfitness; 
disordered state. 

IN-DlS-PoS'ING, ppr. 1. Disinclining; rendering some- 
what averse, unwilling or unfavorable. 2. Disordering ; 
rendering unfit. 

IN-DIS-PO-Sl"T10N, 71. 1. Disinclination; aversion; un- 
willingness ; dislike. 2. Slight disorder of the healtliy 
functions of the body ; tendency to disease. 3. Want of 
tendency or natural appetency or affinity. 

* IN-DISTU-TA-BLE, a. Not to be disputed ; incontro- 
vertible ; incontestible ; too evident to admit of dis- 
pute. 

* IN-DIS'PU-TA-BLE-NESS, 7 ?. The state or quality of 
being indisputable, or too clear to admit of controversy. 

* IN-DlS'PU-l’A-BLY, adv. Without dispute; in a manner 
or degree not admitting of controversy ; unquestionably ; 
withoutopposition. 

IN-DlS-PuT'ED, a. Not disputed or controverted ; undis- 
puted. Encyc. 

IN-DIS-SO-LU-BIL'I-TY, 7/. [Fr. indissolubilite.] 1. The 
quality of being indissoluble, or not capable of being dis- 
solved, melted or liquefied. 2. Tiie quality of being in- 
capable of a breach ; perpetuity of union ; obligation or 
binding force. 

IN-DIS'SO-LU-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. indissolubilis.] 1. Not ca- 
pable of being dissolved, melted or liquefied, as by heat or 
water. 2. That cannot be broken or rightfully violated; 
perpetually binding or obligatory 3. Not to be broken ; 
firm ; stable. 

IN-DIS'SO-LU-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being inca- 
pable of dissolution or breach ; indissolubility. 

IN-DIS'SO-LU-BLY, ado. In a manner resisting separa- 
tion ; in a manner not to be dissolved or broken. 

IN-DIS-SOLV'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be dissolved ; not 
capable of being melted or liquefied. 2. Indissoluble; 
that cannot be broken ; perpetually firm and binding. 3. 
Not capable of separation into parts by natural process. 

t IN-DIS'TAN-CY, n. Want of distance or separation. 

IN-DIS-TINUT', a. [Fr. ; L. indistinctus.] 1. Not distinct 
or distinguishable ; not separate in such a manner as to 
be perceptible by itself. 2. Obscure ; not clear ; confused. 
3. Imperfect ; faint ; not presenting clear and well-de- 
fined images. 4. Not exactly discerning ; [unusual.] 
Shak. 

IN-DIS-TINGTT-BLE, a. Undistinguishable. [Little used.] 
TVarton. 

IN-DIS-TIN€'TION, n. 1. W’^ant of distinction ; confu- 
sion ; uncertainty. 2. Indiscrimination ; want of dis- 
tinction. 3. Equality of condition or rank. 

IN-DIS-TIN€T'LY, adv. 1. Without distinction or separa- 
tion. 2. Confusedly ; not clearly ; obscurely. 3. Not 
definitely ; not with precise limits. 

IN-DIS-TIN€T'NESS, 71 . 1. Want of distinction or dis- 
crimination ; confusion ; uncertainty. 2. Obscurity ; 

fO-lD ttt 0SS 

IN-DIS-TIN'GUISH-A-BLE, a. That cannot be distin- 
guished or separated ; undistinguishable. 

IN-DIS-TIN'GUISH-ING, a. Making no difference. 

IN-DIS-TURB'ANCE, n. Freedom from disturbance ; calm- 
ness ; repose ; tranquillity. Temple. 

IN-DITCH', V. t. To bury in a ditch. [L. u.] Bp. Hall. 

IN-DTTE', V. t. [L. indico, indictum.] 1. To compose ; to 
write ; to commit to words in writing. 2. To direct or 
dictate what is to be uttered or written. 

IN-DTTE', V. i. To compose an account of. Waller. 

IN-DTT'ED, pp. Composed ; written ; dictated. 

IN-DITE'MENT, n. The act of inditing. 


*See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, Io7i^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY HN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


IND 


447 


IND 


IN-DIT'ING, ppr. Committing to words in writing ) dicta- 
ting what shall be written. 

IN-Dl-VID'A-BLE, a. Not capable of division. 

IN-DI-ViD'ED, a. Undivided. Patrick. 

IN-DI-VID^U-AL, a. [Fr. individuel.^ 1. Not divided, or 
not to be divided ; single ; one. 2. Pertaining to one 
only. 

IN-DI-VID'U-AL, 71. 1. A single person or human being. 
2. A single animal or thing of any kind. 

IN-DI-VID-U-AL'I-TY, n. Separate or distinct existence j 
a state of oneness. Arbuthnot. 

IN-Dl-VID'U-AL-IZE, v.t. To distinguish j to select or 
mark as an individual. Drake. 

IN-Dl-VID'U-AL-iZED, pp. Distinguished as a particular 
person or thing. Drake. 

IN-DI-VID'U-AL-IZ-ING, ppr. Distinguishing as an indi- 
vidual. 

IN-D I-VID'U-AL-LY, ady. 1. Separately; by itself ; to the 
exclusion of others. 2. With separate or distinct exist- 
ence. 3. Inseparably ; incommunicably. 

IN-DI-VID'U-ATE, a. Undivided. 

IN-DI-VID'U-ATE, v. t. To make single; to distinguish 
from others of the species. More. 

IN-DI-VID-U-a'TION, 11 . 1. The act of making single or 
the same, to the exclusion of others. 2. I'he act of sep- 
arating into jndividuals by analysis. 

t IN-Dl-VI-DuT-TY, 71. Separate existence. 

IN-DI-VIN'1-TY, 11 . Want of divine power. Brown. 

IN-DI-VIS-I-BIL'I-TY, ii. The state of being indivisible. 

IN-DI-VIS'I-BLE, a. That cannot be divided, separated or 
broken ; not separable into parts. 

IN-DI-VIS'I-BLE, 11 . In geometry, indivisibles are the ele- 
ments or principles into which a body or figure may be 
resolved ; elements infinitely small. 

IN-DI-VIS^'I-BEE-NESS, n. Indivisibility. 

IN-DI-VIS'I-BLY, adv. So as not to be capable of division. 

* IN-Do'CI-BLE, or IN-DOC'I-BLE, a. 1. Unteachable ; 
not capable of being taught, or not easily instructed ; dull 
in intellect. 2. Intractable, as a beast. 

*IN-DO'CILE, or IN-DOC lLE, a. [Fr. ; L,. indocilis.] 1. 
Not teachable ; not easily instructed ; dull. 2. Intract- 
able, as a beast. 

IN-DO-CIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. indocilite.] 1. Unteachableness; 
dullness of intellect. 2. Intractableness. 

IN-DO€'TRIN-ATE, v. t. [Fr. endoctriner.y To teach; to 
instruct in rudiments or principles. 

IN-DOC'TRIN-A-TED,pp. Taught ; instructed in the prin- 
ciples of any science. 

IN-DOG’TRIN-A-TING, ppr. Teaching ; instructing in 
principles or rudiments. 

IN-DOC-TRIN-a'TION, 11 . Instruction m the rudiments 
and principles of any science; information. 

IN'DO-LENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. indolentia.] 1. Literally, free- 
dom from pain. Burnet. 2. Habitual idleness ; indispo- 
sition to labor ; laziness ; inaction or want of exertion of 
body or mind, proceeding from love of ease or aversion to 
toil. Indolence, like laziness, implies a constitutional or 
habitual love of ease ; idleness does not. 

IN'DO-LENT, a. [Fr.j 1. Habitually idle or indisposed to 
labor ; lazy ; listless ; sluggish ; indulging in ease. 2. In- 
active ; idle. 3. Free from pain. 

IN'DO-LE;VT-LY, adv. In habitual idleness and ease; 
without action, activity or exertion ; lazily. 

I IN-DOM'A-BLF, a. [L. indomabilis.] Untamable. Cock- 
er am. 

t IN-DOM'I-TA-BLE, a. Untamable. Herbert. 

t IN-DOM'ITE, a. [L. indomitus.'] Untamed ; wild; savage. 

IN-DOMPT'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] Not to be subdued. 

IN-DORS' A-BLE, a. That may be indorsed, assigned and 
made payable to order. 

IN-DORSE', (in-dors') v. t. [L. in and dorsum.] 1. To write 
on the back of a paper or written instrument. 2. To as- 
sign by writing an order on the back of a note or bill ; to 
assign or transfer by indorsement. — To indorse in. blank, 
to write a name only on a note or bill, leaving a blank to 
be filled by the indorsee. 

IN-DOR-SEE', n. The person to whom a note or hill is in- 
dorsed, or assigned by indorsement. 

IN-DORSE'MENT, (in-dors'ment) n. 1. The act of writing 
on the back of a note, bill, or other written instrument. 
2. That which is written on tlie back of a note, bill, or 
other paper. 

IN-DORS'ER, 7?. The person who indorses. 

t IN'DRAUGHT, (in'draft) n. An opening from the sea 
into the land ; an inlet. Raleigh. 

IN-DRENCH', V. t. To overwhelm with water; to drown ; 
to djench. Shak. 

IN-DC'BI-OUS, a. [L. wdu&ms.] 1. Not dubious or doubt- 
ful ; certain. 2. Not doubting ; unsuspecting. 

IN-DU'BI-T A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. indubitubilis.] Not to be 
doubted ; unquestionable ; evident ; apparently certain ; 
too plain to admit of doubt. 

IN-Du'BI-TA-BLE-NESS, n. State of being indubitable. 
Ash. 


1. To lead, as by persuasion 
prevail on ; to incite ; to intluence by 
motives. 2. To produce by influence. 3. To produce ; 
to bring on ; to cause. 4. To introduce; to bring into 
view. 5. To offer by way of induction or inference ; 
\iiot_used.] ' 

IN-Du'CED, (in-dust') pp. Persuaded by motives ; influ- 
enced ; produced ; caused. 

IN-DuCE'MENT, n. Motive ; any thing that leads the 
mind to will or to act. 

IN-Du'CER, 71. He or that which induces, persuades or in- 
fluences. 

IN-Du'CI-BLE, a. 1. That may be induced ; that may be 
offered by induction. 2. That may be caused. 

IN-Du'CING, ppr. Leading or moving by reason or argu- 
ments ; persuading ; producing ; causing. 

IN-DUCT', V. t. [L. inductus.] To introduce, as to a bene- 
fice or office ; to put in actual possession of an ecclesias- 
tical living or of any oUier office, with the customary 
forms and ceremonies. 

IN-DU€T'ED, pp. Introduced into office with the usual 
formalities. 

IN-DUCT'ILE, a. Not capable of being drawn into threads, 
as a metal. 

IN-DUC-TIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being inductile. 

IN-DUCT'ING, ppr. Introducing into office with the usual 
formalities. 


IN-DUC'TION, 71. [Fr. ; F. indue tio.] !► ZifcraZZi/, a bring- 
ing in ; introduction ; entrance. — 2. In logic and rhetoric^ 
the act of drawing a consequence from two or more prop- 
ositions, which are called premises. 3. The method of 
reasoning from particulars to generals, or the inferring of 
one general proposition from several particular ones. 4 
The conclusion or inference drawn from premises. Encyc. 
5. Tire introduction of a person into an office by the usual 
forms and ceremonies. 

IN-DUCT'IVE, a. 1. Leading or drawing. 2. Tending to 
induce or cause. 3. Leading to inferences ; proceeding 
by induction ; employed in drawing conclusions from 
premises. 

IN-DU€7P'IVE-LY, adv. By induction or inference. 

IN-DU€T'OR, 71. The person who inducts another into an 
office or benefice. 

IN-DuE', (in-dd') v.t. [L.indiw.] 1. To put on something ; 
to invest ; to clothe. 2. To furnish ; to supply with ; to 
endow. 

IN-Du'ED, (in-dud') pp. Clothed ; invested. 

IN-DuE'MENT, (in-du'ment) n. A putting on ; endowment. 

IN-Du'ING, ppr. Investing ; putting on. 

IN-DULGE', (in-diilj') v. t. [L. indulgeo.] 1. To permit to 
be or to continue ; to suffer ; not to restrain or oppose. 
2. To gratify, negatively ; not to check or restrain the 
will, appetite or desire. 3. To gratify positively ; to 
grant something not of right, but as a favor ; to grant in 
compliance with wishes or desire. — 4. In general, to 
gratify ; to favor ; to humor ; to yield to the wishes of ; to 
withhold restraint from. 

IN-DULGE', (in-dulj') r. 1 . 1. To permit to enjoy or prac- 
tice ; or to yield to the enjoyment or practice of, without 
restraint or control. 2. To yield; to comply; to be fa- 
vorable ; [little used.] 

IN-DUL'GED, (in-duljd') pp. 1. Permitted to be and to 
operate without check or control. 2. Gratified ; yielded 
to ; humored in wishes or desires. 3. Granted. 

IN-DUL'GENCE, } 11 . 1. Free permission to the appetites, 

IN-DUL'GEN-CY, ^ humor, desires, passions or will to 
act or operate ; forbearance of restraint or control. 2. 
Gratification. 3. Favor granted ; liberality; gratification. 
— 4. In the Romish church , remission of the punishment 
due to sins, granted by the pope or church, and supposed 
to save the sinner from purgatory. 

IN-DUL'GENT, a. 1. Yielding to the wishes, desires, hu- 
mor or appetites of those under one’s care; compliant; 
not opposing or restraining. 2. Mild ; favorable ; not se- 
vere. 3. Gratifying ; favoring. 

IN-DUL-GEN'TIAL, a. Relating to the indulgencies of the 
Romish church. [J\^ot ivell authorized.] Brevint. 

IN-DUL'GENT-LY, adv. l.With unrestrained enjoyment. 
Hammond. 2. Mildly ; favorably ; not severely. 

IN-DUL'GER, n. One who indulges. Mountagu. 

IN-DUL'GING, ppr. Permitting to enjoy or to practice. 

IN-DULT', \ n. [It. induvto.] 1. In the church of Rome, 

IN-DULT'O, ) the power of presenting to benefices, grant- 
ed to certain pereons. — 2. In Spain, a duty, tax or custom, 
paid to the king for all goods imported from the West In- 
dies in the galleons. 

IN'DU-RATE, V. i. [L. induro.] To grow hard ; to harden 

or become hard. , ^ m, i 

IN'DU-RATE, v.t. 1. To make hard. 2. To make un- 
feeling ; to deprive of sensibility ; to render obdurate. 


■ See Syiiopsii 


TH as in this, j Obsolete. 


INE 


448 


INE 


IN'DU-llATE, a. Impenitent; hard of heart. Hard; dried. 

IN'DH-RA-TED, pp. Hardened ; made obdurate. 

IN'DIJ-RA-7’ING, ppr^ Hardening ; rendering insensible. 

IN-DU-RA'TION, n. 1. The act of hardening, or process 
of growing hard. 2. Hardness of heart ; obduracy. 

IN-DLJS'TR1-()US, a. [L. J. Diligent in busi- 

ness or study ; constantly, regularly or habitually occu- 
pied in business ; assiduous. 2. Diligent in a particular 
pursuit, or to a particular end. 3. Given to industry ; 
characterized by diligence. 4. Careful ; assiduous. 

..N-DUS'TRl-OUiS-LY', adn. 1. With habitual diligence ; 
with steady application of the powei-s of body or of mind. 
2. Diligently ; assiduously ; with care. 

IN'DUS-TRY, 71. [L. indiLitria.] Habitual diligence in any 
employment, either bodily or mental ; steady attention to 
business ; assiduity. 

IN-DWELL'ER, n. An inhabitant. Spenser. 

IN-DWELL'ING, a. Dwelling within ; remaining in the 
heart, even after it is retiewed. JSIacknight. 

IN-DWELL'lNG, ?i. Residence witliin, or in the heart or 
soul . 

IN-F.'13RI-ANT, a. [See Inebriate.] Intoxicating. 

IN-K'BRI-ANT, 71. Any thing tJiat intoxicates, as opium. 

IN-E'BRI-A3’E, V. t. [L. inebriatus.'] 1. To make drunk ; 
to intoxicate. 2. To disorder the senses ; to stupefy, or 
to inake furious or frantic. 

IN-K'BRI-ATE, V. i. To be or become intoxicated. 

IN-k'BRI-ATE, 77. An habitual drunkard. Darwin. 

IN-K»BRI-A-'rED, pp. Intoxicated. 

IN-E'BRI-A-TING, ppr. Making drunk ; intoxicating. 

IN-E-BRI-a'TION, 77. Drunkenness, intoxication. 

IN-E-BRi'E-TY, v. Druiikenness ; intoxication. 

IN-EDTT-ED, a. [innwd. edited. ~\ (Jnpuhlished. Warton. 

IN-EF-I\A-BIL'I-TY, n. Unspeakableness. 

IN-EF'FA-BLE, fl. [Fr. ; 1j. inejfabilis.'] Unspeakable ; un- 
utterable ; tliat cannot be expressed in words. 

IN-EF'FA-BLE NESS, n. Unspeakableness; quality of be- 
ing unutterable. Scott. 

IN-EF'FA-BLY, ado. Unspeakably ; in a manner not to be 
expressed in words. Milton. 

IN-EF-FECT'IVE, a. 1. Not effective ; not producing any 
effect, or the effect intended ; inefficient ; useless. 2. 
Not able ; not competent to the service intended. 3. Pro- 
ducing no eflei;t. 

IN-EF-FEC'J’ U-AL, a. Not producing its proper effect, or 
not able to produce its effect ; inefficient ; weak. 

IN-EF-FEG’P'U-AL-LY, ado. Without effect ; in vain. 

IN-EF-FEGT'U-AL-NESS, 77. AVant of effect, or of power 
to produce it ; inefficacy. Wake. 

JN-EF-FER-VES'CENCE, 77. Want of effervescence; a 
state of not effervescing. Kirwan. 

IN-EF-FER-VES^CENT, a. Not effervescing, or not sus- 
ceptible of effervescence. 

IN-EF-FER-VES-CT-BIL'[-TY, 77. The quality of not ef- 
fervescing, or not being susceptible of effervescence. 

TN-EF-FER-VES'Cl-BLE, a. Not capable of efferves- 

C0UC0* 

IN-EF-FI-€a'CIOUS, a. [L. ivefficax.'] Not efficacious ; 
not having power to produce the effect desired, or the 
proper effect ; of inadequate power or force. — Ineffectual^ 
says Johnson, rather denotes an actual foilure, and ineff- 
cacioiis, an habitual impotence to any effect. But the 
dl'tinction is not alwavs observed. 

IN-EF-FI-€a CIOUS-LY, ado. Without efficacy or effect. 

IN-EF-FI-Ca'CIOUS-NESS, 77. Want of power to produce 
the effect, or want of effect. 

IN-EF'FI-€A-CY, v. [L. effcacia.] 1. Want of power to 
produce the desired or proper effect ; inefficiency. 2. In- 
effectualness ; failure of effect. 

IN-EF-Fi 'UIEN-CY, n. Want of power or exertion of 
po^^'er to produce the effect ; inefficacy. 

IN-EF-FT 'CIENT, a. 1. Not efficient; not producing the 
effect ; inefficacious. 2. Not active ; effecting nothing. 

IN-EF-Fi"ClENT-LY, ado. Ineffectually ; without effect. 

IN-E-LAB'O-RATE, a. Not elaborate ; not wrought with 
care. Cockeram. 

IN-E-LAS'TIG, a. Not elastic ; wanting elasticity. 

IN-E-LAS-TIU'I-TY, n. The absence of elasticity ; tl^e 
want of elastic power. 

IN-EL'E-G ANCE, ill. Want of elegance ; want of beauty 

IN-EL'E-G AN-CY, I or polish in language, composition 
or manners ; want of symmetry or ornament in building ; 
want of delicacy in coloring, &c. 

IN-EL'E-GANT, a. [L. inelegans.] Not elegant ; wanting 
beauty or polish, as language, or refinement, as manners ; 
wanting symmetry or ornament, as an edifice. 

IN-EL'E-GANT-LY, ado. In an inelegant or unbecoming 
manner ; coarsely ; roughly. Chesterfield. 

IN-EL-l-GI-BILff-TY, n. 1. Incapacity of being elected to 
an ofiice. 2. State or quality of not being worthy of 
choice. 

IN-EL'I-GI-BLE, a. 1. Not capable of being elected to an 
office. 2. Not worthy to be chosen or preferred ; not ex- 
pedient. 


IN-EL*0-ClUENT, a. ]. Not eloquent; not speaking with 
fluency, propriety, grace and pathos ; not persuasive. 2. 
Not fluent, graceful or pathetic ; not persuasive, as lan- 
guage or composition. 

IN-EL'O-aUENT-LY, adv. Without eloquence. 

I IN-E-LUUT'A-BLE, a. [L. ineluctabilis.'\ Not to be re- 
sisted by struggling; not to be overcome. 

IN-E-LuDT-BLE, a. That cannot be eluded. 

IN-E-N All'll A-BLE, a. [L. inenarrabilis.'\ That cannot be 
narrated or told. 

IN-EPT', a. yii. ineptus.'] 1. Not apt or fit ; unfit; unsuit- 
able. 2. Improper ; unbecoming ; foolisli. 

IN-EPTT-TUDE, n. Unfitness; inaptitude; unsuitable- 
ness. 

IN-EPT'LY, ado. Unfitly ; unsuitably ; foolishly. 

IN-EPT'NESS, 77. Unfitness. More. 

IN-p:'Q.UAL, a. Unequal; uneven; various. Shenstone. 

IN-E-Q,UAL'1-TY, n. [L. ijiwqualitas.] 1. Difference or 
want of’equality in degree, quantity, length or quality of 
any kind. 2. Unevenness; want of levelness; the al- 
ternate rising and falling of a surface. 3. Disproportion 
to any office or purpose ; inadequacy ; incompetency. 4. 
Diversity ; want of uniformity in different times or places. 
5. Difference of rank, station or condition. 

IN-E-Q,UI-Dlfc'TAN'r, a. Not being equally distant. 
lx\'-E^UI-LAT'EIl-AL, a. Having unequal sides. 

' equitable ; not just. 

a. Having unequal v^alves. 

77 75.] Unarmed ; destitute of 

IN-ERM'OUS, I prickles or thorns, as a leaf. 

IN-ER-RA-BILT-TY, 77. Exemption from error or from the 
possibility of erring ; infallibility. 

IN-Eil'llA-BLE, a. I’hat cannot err ; exempt from error or 
mistake ; infallible. Hammovd. 

IN-Ell'RA-BLE-NESS, n. Exemption fiom error; inerra- 
bility. Hammond. 

IN-Ell'RA-BLY, 777 / 77 . With security from error ; infallibly. 

IN-ER-ilAT'l€, 77. Not erratic ; fixed. 

IN-ER'RING-LY, ado. Without error or mistake. 

IN-ERT', a. [L. 7 77 7?t* 5.] 1. Destitute of the power of mo- 
ving itself, or of active resistance to motion impressed. 
2. Dull ; sluggisl) ; indisposed to move or act. 

IN-ER'TION, 77. Want of activity ; want of exertion. 

IN-ERT'I-TUDE, n. The state of being inert. Good. 

IN-ERT'LY, ado. Witliout activity ; sluggishly. 

IN-EIIT'NESS, 77. 1. The state or quality of being inert. 
2. Want of activity or exertion ; habituai indisposition to 
action or motion ; sluggishness. 

IN ESSE, [L.] In being ; actually existing ; distinguished 
from in posse, or in potent ia, which denote that a tiling ia 
not, but may be. 

IN-ES'CAI'E, V. t. [L. inesco.] To bait ; to lay a bait for. 

IN-ES-€a'TION, 77. The act of baiting. Hallowell. 

IN-ES'TI-MA-BLE, a. [L. 7777e5t 7 777 77 f77/75.] 1. That cannot 
be estimated or computed. 2. Too valuable or excellent 
to be rated ; being above all price. 

IN-ES'TI-MA-BLY, ado. In a manner not to be estimated 
or rated. 

IN-EVT-DENCE, 71. Want of evidence ; obscurity. 

IN-EVT-DENT, a. Not evident ; not clear or obvious ; ob- 
scure. Brown. 

IN-EV-I-TA-BIL'I-TY, 77. Impossibility to be avoided; 
certainty to happen. Bramhall. 

IN EV'I-TA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inevitabilis.] Not to bo 
avoided ; that cannot be shunned ; unavoidable; that ad- 
mits of no escape or evasion. 

IN-EV'I-TA-BLE-NESS, 71. The state of being unavoid- 
able. 

IN-EV'I-TA-BLY, ado. Without possibility of escape or 
evasion ; unavoidably ; certainly. 

IN-EX-AUT', a. Not exact ; not precisely correct or true. 

IN-EX-A€T'NESS, n. Incorrectness; want of precision. 

IN-EX-CIT'A-BLE, a. Not susceptible of excitement ; dull; 
lifeless; torpid. 

IN-EX-€tj'i?A-BLE, 77. [L. inexcusabilis.'] Not to be ex- 
cused or justified. 

IN-EX-€U'SA-BLE-NESS, rt. The quality of not admitting 
of excuse or justification. South. 

IN-EX-€u SA-BLY, ado. With a degree of guilt or folly 
beyond excuse or justification. 

IN-EX-E-€u'T10N, n. Neglect of execution ; non-per- 
formance. 

IN-EX-ER'TION, n. Want of exertion ; want of effort ; 
defect of action. Darwin. 

IN-EX-HaL'A-BLE, a. Not to be exhaled or evaporated; 
not evaporable. Brown. 

IN-EX-HAUST'ED, a. 1. Not exhausted ; not emptied ; 
unexhausted. 2. Not spent ; not having lost all strength 
or resources ; unexhausted. 

IN-EX-HAUST'I-BLE, 77. 1. That cannot be exhausted or 
emptied ; unfailing. 2. That cannot be wasted or spent. 

IN-EX-HAUST'I-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being inex- 
haustible. 


IN-Eti'U l-i A-BEE, a. Not 

IN-K'aUI-VALVE, 

Ix\-E-aUI-VAL'VU-LAR, 


IN-ERM' 


) a. rU. iner 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, Zcin^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PRjEY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — -f Obsolett. 


INF 


449 


IN-EX-HAUST'IVE, a. Not to be exhausted or spent. 
IN-P"-X-ISt'ENCE, n. 1. Want of being or existe 


Broome. 2. Inherence. 


existence. 


IN-EX-IST'EXT, a. 1. Not having being ; not existing. 

2. Existing in something else. Boyle. 
IN-EX-O-RA-Bim-TY, n. The quality of being inexorable 
or unyielding to entreaty. Palcy. 

IN-EX'O-llA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inexorabilis.] 1. Not to 
be persuaded or moved by entreaty or prayer ; too firm 
and determined in purpose to yield to supplication. ^ 
Unyieldingj that cannot be made to bend. 
IN-EX'O-RA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being inexorable. 
IN-EX^O-RA-BLY, ado. So as to be immovable by entrea- 
ty. 

IN-EX-PEC-T action, n. State of having no expectation, 
t IN-EX-PE€T'ED, a. Not expected. 

IN-EX-Pe^DI-ENCE, 1 n. [t/t and expedience.] Want of 
IN-EX-Pe'DI-EN-CY, \ fitness 5 impropriety 3 unsuitable- 
ness to tlie purpose. 

IN-EX-Pe'DI-ENT, a. Not expedient ; not tending to pro- 
mote a purpose ; not tending to a good end j unfit j im- 
proper ^ unsuitable to time and place. 
IN-EX-Pe'RI-ENCE, 71. Want of experience or experi- 
mental knowledge. 

IN-EX-Pe'RI-ENCED, a. Not having experience ; un- 
skilled. 

IN-EX-PERT', a. Not expert ; not skilled ; destitute of 
knowledge or dexterity derived from practice. 
IN-EXTI-A-BLE, a. [*Fr. ; L. inexpiabilis.] 1. That ad- 
mits of no atonement or satisfaction. 2. That cannot be 
mollified or appeased by atonement. 

IN-EXT'I-A-BLY, adv. To a degree that admits of no 
atonement. Roscommon. 

IN-EX-PLaIN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be explained 5 in- 
explicable. 

t IN-EX-PEe'A-BLY, or IN-EXTLE-A-BLY, adv.. Insa- 
tiably. Sandys. 

IN-EX'PLI-EA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; 1^. iacxplicabUis.] That can- 
not be explained or interpreted ; not capable of being ren- 
dered plain and intelligible. 

IN-EX'PLI-€A-BLE-NESS, 71. The state or quality of being 
inexplicable. 

IN-EX'PLI-€A-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be explained. 
IA^-EX-PLo'RA-BLE, a. That cannot be explored, search- 
ed or discovered. 

IN^-EX-PRESST-BLE, a. Not to be expressed in words j 
not to be uttered ; unspeakable ; unutterable. 
IN-EX-PRESS'I-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree not to 
be expressed ; unspeakably ; unutterably. 
IN-EX-PRESSTVE, a. Not tending to express ; not express- 
ing ; inexpressible. 

IN-EX-PoS'URE, n. A state of not being exposed. 
IN-EX-PUG'NA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inexpug nabilis.] Not to 
be subdued by force j not to be taken by assault 5 impreg- 
nable. 

IN-EX-Su'PER-A-BLE, a. [L. inexsup erabilis.] Not to be 
passed over or surmounted. 

IN-EX-TEND'ED, a. Having no extension. Qood. 
IN-EX-TEN/SION, 77 . Want of extension. 
IN-EX-TER'MI-NA-BLE, a. That cannot be exterminated. 
IN-EX-TIN€T', a. Not quenched ; not extinct. 
IN-EX-TIN^GUISH-A-BLE, a. That cannot be extinguish- 
ed ; unquenchable. 

IN-EX-TiR'PA-BLE, a. That cannot be extirpated. 
IN-EX'TRI-GA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inextricabilis.] 1. Not 
to be disentangled ; not to be freed from intricacy or per- 
plexity. 2. Not to be untied. 

IN-EX'TRI-€A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being inextri- 
CJ 1 I 3 I 0 D oytTxs 

IN-EX'*TRI-€A-BLY, adv. To a degree of perplexity not 
to be disentangled. Pope. 

IN-EyE', V. t. To inoculate, as a tree or a bud. Philips. 
t IX-FAB'R[-eA-TED, a^ Un fabricated ; unwrousrht. 
IN-FAL-LI-BIL'I-TY, or IN-FAL'LI-BLE-NESS', n. The 
quality of being incapable of error or mistake ; entire ex- 
emption from liability to error; inerrability. 
IN-FAL'LI-BLE, a. [Fr. infaillible.] 1. Not fallible ; not 
capable of erring. 2. Not liable to fail, or to deceive con- 
fidence ; certain. 

IN-FAL'LI-BLY, adv. 1. Without a possibility of erring 
or mistaking. 2. Certainly ; without a possibility of fail- 
ure. 

t IN-FaME', V. t. To defame. Bacon. 

IN'FA-MOTJS, a. [Fr. infamc ; L,. inf amis.] 1. Of ill re- 
])ort. emphatically ; having a reputation of the worst 
kind; publicly branded with odium for vice or guilt; 
base ; scandalous ; notoriously vile. 2. Odious ; detesta- 
ble ; held in abhorrence ; that renders a person infamous. 

3. Branded with infamy by conviction of a crime. 
IN'FA-MOUS-LY, adv. 1. In a manner or degree to ren- 
der infamous; scandalously; disgracefully; shamefully. 

2. With open reproach. 

IN'FA-MOUS-NESS, ; ti. [Fr. infamie ; L. infainia.] 1. 
IN'FA-MY, i Total loss of reputation ; public 


INF 

which are detested and despised : 
qualities notoriously bad and scandalous.— 3. In law, that 

and Public disgrace which a convict incurs, 

v"?nlVor incapable of being a 

IN'FAA-CY, a. injtmtia.} 1 . The first part oflife, be* 
ginning at the birth. 2. In law, infancy extends to the 
age of twenty-one years. 3. The first age of any thin«- : 
the beginning, or early period of existence. ° 

f IN-FAND'OUb, a. [L. infandus.] Too odious to be ex- 
pressed. Howell. 

IN-FANG'THEF, n. [Sax. in,fangan and theof.] In Eng- 
lish laic, the privilege granted to lords to judge thieved 
taken on their manors, or within their franchises. 

IN'FANT, 71 . [Fr. enfant-, L. infans.] 1 . A child in tho 
first period of life, beginning at his birth ; a young babe. 
— 2. In law, a person under the age of twenty-one years 
who is incapable of making valid contracts. ' ’ 

INTAN'r, a. 1 . Tertaining to infancy or the first period of 
Jife. 2. Young ; tender ; not mature ; as, infant strength. 

IN-FA NT'A, 71. In Spain and Portugal, any princess of the 
royal blood, except the eldest daughter when heiress ap- 
parent. 

IN-FANT'E, 71 . In Spain and Portugal, any son of the king, 
except the eldest or heir apparent. 

IN-FANTT-CT1)E, n. [Low L. infanticidium.] 1. The in- 
tentional killing of an infant. 2. The slaughter of infants 
by Herod. 3. A slayer of infants. 

* IN'FAN-TILE, a. [E. infantilis.] Pertaining to infancy, 
or to an infant ; pertaining to the first period of life. 

IN'FAN-TiNE, a. Pertaining to infants or to young chil- 
dren. 

INTANT-LlKE, a. Like an infant. Shak. 

IN'FANT-LY, a. Like a child. Beaumont. 


INTANT-RY, n. [Fr. infanterie.] In military affairs, tho 
soldiers or troops that serve on foot, as distinguished from 
cavalry. 

tlN-FARCE', (in-farsO t;. t. To stuff. 

IN-FaRG'TION, 71. [L. infarcio.] The act of stuffing or 
filling ; constipation. Harvey. 
t IN-FASH'ION-A-BLE, a. Unfashionable. Beaumont. 
t IN-FAT'I-GA-BLE, a. Indefatigable. 

I IN-FAT'U-ATE, v. t. [L. infatuo.] 1. To make foolish ; 
to affect with folly ; to weaken the intellectual powers, 
or to deprive of sound judgment. 2. To prepossess or in- 
cline to a, person or thing in a manner not justified by 
prudence or reason ; to inspire with an extravagant or 
foolish passion. 
flN-FAT/U-ATE, a. Stupefied. Phillips. 
IN-FAT'U-A-TED, pp. Affected with folly. 
IN-FAT^U-A-TING, ppr. Affecting with folly. 
IN-FAT-U-a'TION, 71 . 1. The act of affecting with folly. 
2. A state of mind in whicli the intellectual powers ara 
weakened, so that the person affected acts without his 
usual judgment, and contrary to the dictates of reason, 
t IN-FAUSTTNG, n. [L. The act of making 

unlucky. Bacon. 

IN-FeAS-I-BIL'I-TY, or IN-FeAS'I-BLE-NESS, 71 . Im- 
practicability ; the quality of not being capable of being 
done or performed. 

IN-FeAS'X-BLE, a. Not to be done ; that cannot be accom- 
plished : impracticable. 

IN-FEGT", V. t. [Fr. infecter.] 1. To taint with disease ; 
to infuse into a healthy body the virus, miasma or morbid 
matter of a diseased body, or any pestilential or noxious 
air or substance by which a disease is produced. 2. To 
taint or affect with morbid or noxious matter. 3. T’o 
communicate bad qualities to; to corrupt; to taint by the 
communication of any thing noxious or pernicious. 4. 
To contaminate with illegality. 

[ IN-FE€T^ a. Infected. 

IN-FEGT'ED, pp. Tainted with noxious matter ; corrupted 
by poisonous exlialations ; corrupted by bad qualities com- 
municated. 

IN-FEGT'ER, ?i. He or that whicli infects. 

IN-FEGT'ING, ppr. Tainting ; corrupting. 

IN-FEG'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of infecting. The 

words contagion and infection are frequently confounded. 
The proper distinction between them is this. Contagion 
is the virus or effluvium generated in a diseased body, and 
capable of producing the specific disease in a healthy body 
by contact or otherwise. Infection is any thing that taints 
or corrupts; hence it includes contagion, and any other 
morbid, noxious matter which may excite disease in a 
healthy body. 2. The morbid cause which excites disease 
in a healthy or uninfected body. 3. That wliich taints, 
poisons or corrupts by communication from one to anoth- 
er. 4. Contamination by illegality, as in cases of contra- 
band goods. 5. Communication of like qualities. 
IN-FE€'TIOUS, a. 1. Having qualities that may taint or 
communicate disease to. 2. Corrupting ; tending to ^sint 
by communication. 3. Contaminating with illegality ; 
exposing to seizure and forfeiture. 4. Capable of beuig 
communicated by near approach. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE ;-BULL, UNITE.-C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 

29 


INF 


450 


INF 


IN-FE€'TIOUS-LY, adv. By infection. 

IN-l’’E€'T 10 LrS-NESS, n. The quality of being infectious, 
or capable of communicating disease or taint from one to 
another. 

IN-FECT'IVE, a. Having the quality of communicating 
disease or taint from one to another. 

*IN-Fe^CCJND, a. [\j. inf abound u,a.'\ Unfruitful j not pro- 
ducing young ; barren. 

IN-FE-EUNH'i-TY, w. \1 j. inf <£,cunditas.'\ Unfruitfulness 3 
barrenness. Med. Repos. 

IN-FE-IilC'l-TY, n. [Fr. infelicitd.] 1 . Unhappiness ; 
misery 3 misfortune. 2 . Unfortunate state 3 unfavorable- 
ness. 

IN-FER^, V. t. [Fr. infer er i L. infero.] 1 . Literally^ to 
bring on 3 to induce 3 {little wscrf.] 2 . To deduce ; to 
draw or derive, as a fact or consequence. 3 . To offer 3 to 
produce3 {not usedA 

IN-FER'A-BLE, a. That may be inferred or deduced from 
preunses. Burke. 

IN'FER-ENCE, n. [Fr.] A truth or proposition drawn from 
another which is admitted or supposed to be true 3 a con- 
clusion. 

IN-FEOFF'. See Enfeoff. 

IN-Fk'RI-OR, a. [L.] 1 . Lower in place. 2 . Lower in 

station, age or rank in life. 3 . Lower in excellence or 
value. 4 . Subordinate 3 of less importance. 

IN-FE'RI-OR, n. A person who is younger, or of a lower 
station or rank in society. South. 

IN-FE-Rl-OR'I-TY, n. [Fr. inferioritc.l A lo\ver state of 
dignity, age, value or quality. 

IN-FER'WAL, a. [Fr. 3 inf emus.'] 1 . Property, pertain- 

ing to the lowei regions, or regions of the dead, the Tar- 
tarus of the ancients. 2 . Pertaining to hell 3 inhabiting 
hell. 3 . Hellish 3 resembling the temper of infernal 
spirits 3 malicious 3 diabolical 3 very wicked and detesta- 
ble. 

IN-FER'NAL, n. An inhabitant of hell, or of the lower re- 
gions. 

IN-FER'NAL STONE, {lapis inf ernalis.] A name formerly 
given to lunar caustic. Ildl. 

IN-FER'NAL-LY, ado. In a detestable and infernal way. 
Hacket. 

IN-FER'TILE, a. [Fr. 3 L. infertilis.] Not fertile 3 not 
fruitful or productive 3 barren. 

IN-FER-TIL' 1 -TY, n. Unfruitfulness 3 unproductiveness 3 
barrenness. Hale. 

IN-FEST', v.t. [Fr. infester ; L. infesto.] To trouble great- 
ly ; to disturb 3 to annoy 3 to harass. 

IN-FES-Ta'TION, ??. Tile act of infesting 3 molestation. 

IN-FEST'ED, pp. Troubled 3 annoyed 3 harassed 3 plagued. 

IN-FES'TERED, a. Rankling 3 inveterate. 

IN-FEST'[NG, ppr. Annoying 3 harassing 3 disturbing. 

IN-FEST'IVE, a. Having no niirtJi. 

IN-FES-TIV'I-TY, v. Want of festivity, or of cheerfulness 
and mirth at entertainments. 

t IN-FEST'U-OUS, a. [L. infestus.] Mischievous. Bacon. 

IN-FEU-Da'TION, «. [L. i/i and/earfam.] 1 . The act of 
putting one in possession of an estate in fee.^ 2 . The 
granting of tithes to laymen. 

IN'FI-DEL, a. [Fr. infid ele i L. infidcUs.] Unbelieving 3 
disbelieving the divine institution of Christianity. Knox. 

IN'FI-DEL, n. One who disbelieves the inspiration of the 
Scriptures, and the divine origin of Christianity. 

IN-Fi-])EL'I-TY, n. [Fr. infidelite ; L. infidelitas.] 1 . In 
generaf want of faith or belief; a withholding or credit. 
2 . Disbelief of the inspiration of the Scriptures, or tlie di- 
vine original of Christianity 3 unbelief. 3 . Unfaithful- 
ness, particularly in married persc-ns ; a violation of the 
marriage covenant by adultery or lewdness. 4 . Breach 
of trust 3 treachery 3 deceit, 

IN-FIL'TRATE, v. i. [Fr. filtrer.] To enter by penetrat- 
ing the pores or interstices of a substance. 

IN-FIL'TRA-TING, ppr. Penetrating by the pores or inter- 
stices. 

IN-FIL-TRa'TION, n. 1 . The act or process of entering 
the pores or cavities of a body. 2 . The substance which 
has entered the pores or cavities of a body. 

IN'FI-NlTE, a. [Ij. infinitus.] 1 . Without limits 3 un- 
bounded 3 boundless ; not circumscribed. 2 . That will 
have no end. 3 . That has a beginning in space, but is in- 
finitely extended. 4 . Infinite is used loosely and hyper- 
bolically for indefinitely large, immense, of great size or 
extent . — Infinite canon^ in muHc, a perpetual fugue. 

IN'F[-NITE-LY, ado. 1 . Without bounds or limits. 2 . 
Immensely 3 greatly 3 to a great extent or degree. 

IN FI-NITE-NEt^S, n. 1 . Boundless extent of time, space 
or qualities 3 infinity. 2 . Immensity 3 greatness. 

IN-FlN-l-'l'ES'l-MAL, a. Indefinitely small. 

IN-FL\M-TES'I-x\IAL, n. An indefinitely small quanti- 

IN-FIN'I-TIVE, a. [L. infinitivus.] In grammar^ the infin- 
itire mode expresses the action of the verb, without limi- 
tation of person or number 3 as, to love. 

[N-F£N'I-TU 1 )E, n. 1 . Infinity 3 infiniteness ; the quality 


or state of being without limits 3 infinite extent. 2 . Im- 
mensity 3 greatness. 3 . Boundless number. 

IN-FIN' 1 -TY, n. [Fr. infinite ; L. infinitus.] 1 . Unlimited 
extent of time, space or quantity 3 boundlessness. 2 . Im- 
mensity 3 indefinite extent. 3 . Endless or indefinite num- 
ber. 

IN-FiRM', a. [Fr. infirme ; L. infirmxis.] 1 . Not firm or 
sound 3 weak 3 feeble. 2 . Weak of mind ; irresolute. 3 . 
Not solid or stable. 

flN-FlRM', V. t. To weaken. Raleigh. 

IN-FiRM'A-RY, n. A hospital or place where the sick are 
lodged and nursed. 

IN-FiRM'A-TiVE, a. [Fr. infirmatif.] Weakening; dis- 
annulling. 

IN-FiRM'i-TY, n. [Fr. infirmite ,* L. infirmitas.] 1 . An 
unsound or unhealthy state of the body 3 weakness ; fee- 
bleness. 2 . Weakness of mind 3 failing 3 fault; foible. 
3 . Weakness of resolution. 4 . Any particular disease ; 
malady. 5 . Defect 3 imperfection 3 weakness. 
IN-FiRM'NESS, n. Weakness 3 feebleness 3 unsoundness. 
IN-FIX', V. t. [L. infixus.] 1 . To fix by piercing or thrust- 
ing in. 2 . To set in 3 to fasten in something. 3 . To im- 
plant or fix, as principles in the mind, or ideas in the 
memory. 

IN-FIX'EI), (in-fixt') pp. Thrust in 3 set in 3 inserted 3 
deeply implanted. 

IN-FlXTN(i, ppr. Thrusting in 3 setting in 3 implanting. 
IN-FLAME', V. t. [L. infiainwo.] 1 . To set on fire 3 to 
kindle; to cause to burn. 2 . To excite or increase, as 
passion or appetite 3 to enkindle into violent action. 3 . 
To exaggerate 3 to aggravate in description. 4 . 'J’oheat; 
to excite excessive action in the blood. 5 . To provoke 3 
to irritate 3 to anger. ( 5 . 7 ’o increase 3 to exasperate. 7 . 
To increase 3 to augment. 

IN-FLaME', V. i. To grow hot, angry and painful. 
IN-FLaM'ED, (in-fiamd') pp. Set on fire 3 enkindled 3 heat- 
ed 3 provoked 3 exasperated. 

IN-FLaM'ER, n. The person or thing that inflames. 
IN-FLaM'ING, ppr. Kindling; heating; provoking 3 exas- 
perating. 

IN-FLAM-MA-BIL'I-TY, n. Susceptibility of taking fire. 
IN-FL. 4 .IM'MA-BLE, a. I'hat may be set on fire 3 easily en- 
kindled ; susceptible of combustion. 
IN-FLAM'MA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being sus- 
ceptible of flame, or capable of taking fire 3 inflammabil- 
ity. 

IN-FLAM-Ma'TION, 7f. {h. inflamwatio.] 1 . The act of 
setting on fire or inflaming. 2 . The state of being in flame. 
— 3. In medicine and surgery^ a redness and swelling of 
any part of an animal body, attended with heat, pain and 
febrile symptoms. 4 . Violent excitement 3 heat 3 ani- 
mosity 3 turbulence. 

IN-FLAM'MA-TO-RY, fl. 1 . Inflaming ; tending to excite 
heat or inflammation. 2 . Accompanied with preternatu- 
ral heat and excitement of arterial action. 3 . Tending to 
excite anger, animosity, tumult or sedition. 

IN-FLa'I'E', V. t. [L. infiatics.] 1 . To swell or distend by 
injecting air. 2 . To fill with the breath 3 to blow in. 3 . 
To swell 3 to puff up 3 to elate. 

IN-FLa 7 ’E', ( a. In botany^ puffed 3 hollow and distend- 
IN-FLaT'ED, \ ed. 

IN-FLaT'ED, ])p. Swelled or distended with air; puffed 

up. 

IN-FLaT'ING, ppr. Distending with air; puffing up. 
IN-FL a'TION, '?». [L. 1 . The act of inflating. 2 . 
The state of teing distended with air injected or inhaled. 
3 . The state of being puffed up, as with vanity. 4 . Conceit. 
IN-FLEGT', ?j. t. {h. infiecto.] 1 . To bend 3 to turn from 
a direct line or course. — 2 . In grammar, to vary a noun 
or a verb in its terminations 3 to decline, as a noun or ad- 
jective, or to conjugate, as a verb. 3 . To modulate, as 
the voice. 

IN-FLECT'ED, pp. Bent or turned from a direct line or 
course 3 varied in termination. 

IN-FLE€T'ING, ppr. Bending or turning from its course 3 
varying in termination ; modulating, as the voice. 
IN-FLEC'TION, n. [L. inflectio.] 1 . The act of bending 
or turning from a direct line or course. — 2 . In optics, a 
property of light by which its rays, when they approach 
a body, are bent towards it or from it. — 3 . In grammar, 
the variation of nouns, &c. by declension, and of verbs 
by conjugation. 4 . Modulation of the voice in speaking. 
IN-FLECT'IVE, a. Having the power of bending. 
IN-FLEX'ED, (in-flext') a. [L. inflexus.] Turned 3 bent. 
IN-FLEX-l-BIL'T-TY, or IN-FLEX'I-BLE-NESS, n. 1 . 
The quality of being inflexible or not capable of being 
bent 3 uTiyielding stiffness. 2 . Obstinacy of will or tem- 
per 3 firmness of purpose that will not yield to importuni- 
ty or persjiasion 3 unbending pertinacity. 
IN-FLEX'I-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. inflexihilis.]. 1 . That can- 
not be bent. 2 . That will not yield to prayers or argu- 
ments 3 firm in purpose 3 not to be prevailed on 3 that 
cannot be turned. 3 . Not to be changed or altered. 
IN-FLEX'I-BLY, adv. With a firmness that resists all im- 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete, 


/ 


INF 


451 


ING 


portunity or persuasion j with unyielding pertinactousness : 
inexorable. 

IN-FLEX'ION. See Inflection. 

Vm t. [Li. inJiictiLs To lay on j to throw or 
send on ; to apply. 

IN-FLICT'ED, pp. Laid on ; applied, ns punishments or 
judgments. 

IN-FLICT'ER, n. He who lays on or applies. 

IN-FLI€T'ING, ppr. Laying on j applying. 

IN-FLIOTION, 7J, [1^ injlictio,] 1. The act of laying on 
or applying. 2. The punisIimeiU applied. 

IN-FLi€'FlVE, a. Tending or able to inflict. 

IN-FLO-RES'CENCE, n. [L. iujiorescens.] 1. In botany^ 
a mode of flowering, or the manner in which flowers are 
^pported on their foot stalks or peduncles. 2. A flower- 
ing ; the unfolding of blossoms. 

I?sTLLJ-ENCE, 11 . [-Fr. ; Lt* ivjiuens,] 1. Literally^ a flow- 
ing in. — 2, In a general sense^ injluence denotes power 
whose operation is invisible and known only by its ef- 
fects. 3. The power which celestial bodies are supposed 
to exert -on terrestrial. 4. Moral power; power of truth 
operating on the mind. 5. Physical power ; power that 
affects natural bodies by unseen operation. 6. Power act- 
ing on sensibility. 7. Spiritual power, or the immediate 
power of God on the mind. 

IN'FLU-ENCE, v. t. 1. To move by physical power ope- 
rating by unseen laws or force ; to affect. 2. To move by 
moral power ; to act on and affect, as the mind or will, in 
persuading or dissuading; to induce. 3. To move, as 
the passions. 4. To lead or direct. 

IN'FLU-ENCED, pp. Moved ; excited ; affected ; persuaded ; 
induced. 

IN'FLU-EN-CING, ppr. Moving; affecting; inducing. 

IN'FLU-ENT, a. Flowing in. [Little used.] Jirhuthnot. 

IN-FLU-EN'TIAL, a. Exerting influence or power by in- 
visible operation. Milner. 

IN-FLU-EN'TI AL-LY, adv. By means of influence, so as 
to incline, move or direct. 

IN-FLU-EN'ZA, n. [It. injluema.'] An epidemic catarrh. 

IN'FLUX, 71. [L. injluxus.] 1. The act of flowing in ; as 
an injluz of light or other fluid. 2. Infusion ; intromis- 
sion. 3. Influence; power; [o6s.] 4. A coming in; in- 
troduction ; importation in abundance. 

IX-FLUX'ION, 71. Infusion ; intromission. Bacon. 

t IN-FLUX'IOUS, a. Influential. 

IN-FLUX'IVE, a. Having influence, or having a tendency 
to flow in. Hales in 0 ‘^th. 

IN-FoLD', a. 7. 1. To involve ; to wrap up or inwrap ; to 
inclose. 2. To clasp with the arms ; to embrace. Shak. 

IN-FoLD'ED, pp. Involved ; inwrapped ; inclosed ; em- 
braced. 

IN-FoLD/ING, ppr. Involving; wrapping up ; clasping. 

IN-Fo'LI-ATE, V. t. [L. in and folium.] To cover or over- 
spread with leaves. [A'ot much usedA 

IN-FORM', V. t. [Fr. informer.] 1. To animate ; to give 
life to ; to actuate by vital powers. 2. I'o instruct ; to 
tell to ; to acquaint ; to communicate knowledge to ; to 
make known to by word or writing. 3. To communicate 
a knowledge of facts to one by way of accusation. 

IN-FORM', V. i. To give intelligence. Shak. — To inform 
against, to communicate facts by way of accusation. 

IN-FORAI', a. [L. informis.] Without regular form ; shape- 
less ; ugly. 

IN-FORM' AL, a. 1. Not in the regular or usual form. 2. 
Not in the usual manner ; not according to custom. 3. 
Not with the official forms. 

IN-FOR-MAL'I-T Y, n. Want of regular or customary form. 

IN-FORM' A L-LY, adv. In an irregular or informal man- 
ner ; without the usual forms. 

IN-FORM'ANT, n. 1. One who informs, or gives intelli- 
gence. 2. One who offers an accusation. 

IN-F0R-Ma'T 10N, n. [Fr. ; L. i?iformatio.l 1. Intelli- 
gence ; notice, news or advice communicated by word or 
writing. 2. Knowledge derived from reading or instruc- 
tion. 3. Knowledge derived from the senses or from the 
operation of the intellectual faculties. 4. Communication 
of facts for the purpose of accusation ; a charge or accusa- 
tion exhibited to a magistrate or court. 

IN-FORM'A-TIVE, a. Having power to animate. 

IN-FORM'ED, (in-formd') pp. Told ; instructed ; made ac- 
quainted. 

IN-FORM'£R, 77. I. One who animates, informs or gives 
intelligence. 2. One who communicates, or whose duty 
it is to communicate to a magistrate a knowledge of the 
violations of law, and bring the offenders to trial. 

IN-FORM'I-DA-BLE, a. Not formidable ; not to be feared 
or dreaded. Milton. 

IN-FORM'ING, ppr. 1. Giving notice or intelligence ; tell- 
ing. 2. Communicating facts by way of accusation. 

IN-FORM'I-TY, 77. [L. informis.] Want of regular form ; 
shapelessness. Brown. 

IN-FORM'OUS, a. [Fr. informe ; L. informis.] Of no regu- 
lar form or figure ; shapeless. Brojcn. 

IN-FOR'TU-NATE, a. Unlucky; unfortunate. 


t TN Unfortunately. 

IN FRAe'Tiox ■ violate. 

inV. The act of break- 

) breach ; violation ; non-observance Watts 

IN-FRA€T'OU, n. One t’hat violate ara Jement &c 
IN-FRA-MUNWANE, a. [L. infra a.“SZ ] lying 
or being beneath the world. “ 

IN-FRAJVgLBLE, a. 1. Not to be broken or separated into 
parts. 2. Not to be violated. * 


IN-FRE'aUENCE, 

IN-FRE'aUEN-CY 
occurring. 

IN-FR£‘Q,UENT, a. [h. injrequens.] Rare ; uncommon ; 

seldom happening or occurring to notice ; unfrequent. 
t IN-FRE-Q.UENT', v, t. Not to frequent ; to desert. A 
Wood. 


) 77. [L. infrequentia.] Uncommon- 

, ) ness ; rareness ; the state of rarely 


IN-FRIG'I-DATE, v. t. To chill ; to make cold. 

IN-FRIG-I-Da'T 10N, 77. The act of making cold. 

IN-FRINGE', (in-frinj') V. t. [L. infringo.] 1. To break, as 
contracts ; to violate ; to transgress ; to neglect to fulfill or 
obey. 2. To destroy or hinder ; [little 

IN-FRING'ED, (in-frinjd') pp. Broken ; violated ; trans- 
gressed. 

IN-FRINGE'MENT, (in-frinj'ment) n. Act of violating ; 
breach ; violation ; non-fulfilment. 

IN-FRING'ER, 77. One who violates ; a violator. 

IN-FRING'ING, ppr. Breaking ; violating ; transgressing ; 
failing to observe or fulfil. 

IN-FRu'GAL, a. Not frugal ; careless ; extravagant. 

IN'FU-CATE, 7j. t. [L. iifuco.] 'J'o stain ; to paint ; to daub. 

IN-FuM'ED, (in-fumd') a. [Ij. ivfumatus.] Dried in smoke. 

IN-FUN-DIB'U-Ll-FORM, a. [l^.infundib'uluw..] In botany, 
having the shape of a funnel, as the crrol of a flower ; 
monopetalous, having a conical border rising from a tube. 

IN-Fu'RI-ATE, a. Enraged ; mad ; raging. Milton. 

IN-Fu'RI-ATE, V. t. To render furious or mad ; to enrage. 

IN-FUS'GATE, V. t. [L. infuscatus.] To darken ; to make 
black. 

IN-FUS-€a'TION, 77. The act of darkening or blackening. 

IN-FUSE', V. t. [Fr. infuser.] 1. To pour in, as a liquid. 2. 
To instill, as principles or qualities. 3. To pour in or in- 
still, as into the mind. 4. To introduce. 5. To inspire 
with ; [o6s.] 6. To steep in liquor without boiling, for 
the purpose of extracting medicinal qualities. 7. To make 
an infusion with an ingredient ; [o&s.] 

t IN-FuSE', 77. Infusion, Spenser. 

IN-FuS'ED, (in-fuzd') pp. Poured in ; instilled ; steeped. 

IN-FuS'ER, 77. One who infuses. 

IN^-FU-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The capacity of being infused 
or poured in. 2. The incapacity of being fused or dis- 
solved. 

IN-Fu'SI-BLE, a. That may be infused. 

IN-Fu'SI-BLE, a. Not fusible ; incapable of fusion ; that 
cannot be dissolved or melted, 

IN-FuS'ING, ppr. Pouring in ; instilling ; steeping. 

IN-Fu'SION, 77. 1. The act of pouring in, or instilling ; in- 
stillation. 2. Suggestion ; whisper. — 3. In pharmacy, the 
process of steeping in liquor, an operation by which the 
medicinal qualities of plants may be extracted by a liquor 
without boiling. 4. The liquor in which plants are 
steeped, and which is impregnated with their virtues or 
qualities. 

IN-Fu'SIVE, a. Having the power of infusion. 

IN-Fu'SO-RY, a. The infusory order of worms [TJcrwc.?] 
comprehends those minute and simple animalcules which 
are seldom capable of being traced except by the micro- 
scope. Good. 

ING, in Saxon, signifies a pasture or meadow, Goth, tcinga. 
See English. 

t IN-GAN-Na'TION, 77. [It. i77o^a7777arc.] Cheat; fraud. 

jlN'GATE, 77. Entrance ; passage in. Spenser. 

IN-GATH'ER-ING, 77. The act or business of collecting 
and securing the fruits of the earth ; harvest. 

IN-GEL'A-BLE, a. That cannot be congealed. 

IN-GEM'I-NATE, a. [L. ingeminatus.] Redoubled. 

IN-GEM'I-NATE, 7). t. [L. ingemino.] To double or repeat. 

IN-GEM-I-Na'TION, 77. Repetition ; reduplication. 

t IN-GEN'DER, V. i. To come together ; to join. Milton. 

IN-GEN'DER. See Engender. 

IN-GEN-ER-A-BIL'I-TY, 77. Incapacity of being engen- 
dered. 

IN-GEN'ER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be engendered. 

IN-GEN'ER-ATE, V. t. [L. ingenero.] To generate or pro- 
duce within. Fellows. 

IN-GEN'ER-ATE, a. Generated within ; inborn ; innate ; 
inbred. Wotton. 

IN-GEN'ER-A-TED, pp. Produced within. Hale. 

IN-GEN'ER-A-TING, ppr. Generating or producing within. 

* IN-Ge'NI-OUS, a. [L. ingeniosus.] 1. Possessed of genius, 
or the faculty of invention ; hence, skillful or prompt to 
invent ; having an aptitude to contrive, or to form new 
combinations of ideas. 2. Proceeding from genius or in- 
genuity ; of curious design, structure or mechanism. 3. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE B^JLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


INH 


ING 


452 


' Witty ; well formed ; \vell adapted. 4. Mental ; intel- 
lectual ; [oii'.] 

*IN-6e'NI-OUS-LY, adv. With ingenuity ; with readiness 
in contrivance ; with skill. 

* IN-Ok'NI-OUS-NESS, 71. 1. The quality of being ingenious 
or prompt in invention •, ingenuity. 2. Curiousness of 
design or mechanism. 

IN-GEN'ITE, a. [L. ingcnitus.'] Innate j inborn j inbred ; 
native ;_ingenerate. 

IN-CE-NU'I-TY, 71. [Fr. ingenuite.'] 1. The quality or 
power of ready invention ; quickness or acuteness in 
combining ideas, or in forming new combinations ; in- 
geniousness ; skill. 2. Curiousness in design, the etfect 
of ingenuity. 3. Openness of heart ; fairness; candor. 

IN-GE.V'U-OirS, a. [E. ingenuus.] 1. Open; frank ; fair; 
candid ; free from reserve, disguise, equivocation or dis- 
simulation. 2. Noble; generous. 3. Of honorable ex- 
traction ; freeborn. 

IN-GEN'U-OUS-LY, adv. Openly ; fairly ; candidly ; with- 
out reserve or dissimulation. Dryden. 

IN-CEN'U-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Openness of heart; frank- 
ness ; fairness ; freedom from reserve or dissimulation. 
2. Fairness ; candidness. 

I IN'GE-N Y, 77. Wit; ingenuity. Bacon. 

IN-OEST', V. t. [L. ingesUis.] To throw into the stomach. 
[Little used.] hroicn. 

1N-OES'TION, 77. Tlie act of throwing into the stomach. 

I IN'GLE, 77. [qu. 1j. ignicnlns.] 1. Flame; blaze. Ray. — 

2. In Scottish,, a fire, or firejilace. Burns. 

IN-GLo'Rl-OUS, a. | L. inglorius.] 1. Not glorious; not 

bringing honor or glory ; not accompanied with fame or 
celebrity. 2. Shameful ; disgraceful. 

IN-GLo'EI-OUS-LY, ado. With want of glory ; dishonor- 
ably ; with shame. 

IN-GLo'RI-OUS-NESS, 77. State of being inglorious. Bp. 
Oauden. 

IN'GOT, 77. [Fr. lingot.] A mass or wedge of gold or silver 
cast in a mold ; a mass of umvrought metal. 

IN-GRAFT', 7;. G 1. To insert a cion of one tree or plant 
into another for propagation. 2. To jiropagate by insition. 

3. To plant or introduce something foreign into that which 
is native, for the purpose of propagation. 4. To set or fix 
deep and firm. 

IN-GRaFT'ED, pp. Inserted into a stock for growth and 
propagation ; introduced into a native stock ; set or fixed 
deep. 

IN-GHAFT'ING, ppr. Inserting, as cions in stocks; intro- 
ducing and inserting on a native stock what is foreign ; 
fixing deep. 

IN-GUaFT'MENT, 77. 1. The act of ingrafting. 2. The 
thing ingrafted. 

* IN'GRAIN, or IN-GRaTN'', ?j. t. [in and grain.] To dye 
in the grain, or before manufacture. 

* IN'G RAINED, or IN-GRA IN'ED, (in-grSind') pp. Dyed in 
the grain or in the raw material. 

*IN'GRA1N-ING, or IN-GRaIN'ING, ppr. Dyeing in the 
raw material. 

IN-GR AP'PLED, a. Grappled ; seized on; intwined. 

IN'GRATE, ) a. [1^. ivgratiis.] 1. Ungrateful; un- 

TN-GRaTE'FIIL, I thankful ; not having feelings of kind- 
ness for a favor received. 2. Unpleasing to the sense. 

IN'GRATE, 77. [Fr. ingrat.] An ungrateful person. 

t IN-GRa7’E'LY, ndc. Ungratefully. Sylvester. 

IN-GRaTE'FUL-LY, ado. Ungratefully. 

IN-GR ATE'FUL-NEir'S, 77. Ungratefulness. 

IN-GRa'TIATE, (in-gra'shate) v. t. [li. in and gratia.] 1. 
To commend one’s self to another’s good w’ill, confidence 
or kindness. 2. To recommend ; to render easy. 

IN-GRa'TJ A-l’lNG, ppr. Commending one’s self to the 
favor of another. 

IN-GRa'TiA-TING, 77. The act of commending one’s self 
to another’s favor. 

IN-GRAT'I-TUDE, 77. [Fr. ; 777 and ^rflt7t?77Ze.] 1. Want of 
gratitude or sentiments of kindness for favors received ; 
insensibility to favors, and want of a disposition to re- 
pay them ; unthankfulness. 2. Retribution of evil for 
good. 

f IN-GRaVE', 7 ?. t. To bury. 

IN-GR AVT-DATE, V. t. [L. To impregnate. 

t IN-GREaT^, 77. G To make great. Fotherhy. 

IN-GRE'DI-ENT, 77. [Fr. ; L. ingrediens.] That which en- 
ters into a compound, or is a component part of any com- 
pound or mixture. 

IN'GRESS, 77. [L. ingressus.] 1. Entrance. 2. Power of 
entrance ; means of entering. 

IN-GRES'SION, 77. [Fr. ; L. ingressio.] Tlie act of enter- 
ing ; entrance. Digby. 

IN'GUI-NAL, a. [L. 777^7-?7C7?..] Pertaining to the groin. 

IN-GULF', V. t. i. To swallow up in a vast deep, gulf or 
whirlpool. Milton. 2. To cast into a gulf. Uayioard. 

IN-GULF'ED, (in-gulfP) pp. Swallowed up in a gulf or vast 
deep ; cast into a gulf. 

IN-GULF'ING, ppr. Swallowing up in a gulf, whirlpool or 
vast deep. 


IN-GUR'GI-TATE, v. t. [L. ingurgito.] To swallow greed 
ily or in great quantity. Diet. 

IN-GUR'Gl-TA'1'E, v. i. I’o drink largely ; to swill. 

IN-GUR-GI-Ta'TION, 77. The act of swallowing greedily, 
or in great quantity. Daricin. 

IN-GUfeT'A-BLE, a. That cannot be tasted. [Little used.] 

* IN-HAB'ILE, a. [Fr, ; L. inhabilis.] 1. Not apt or fit; 
unfit; not convenient. 2. Unskilled; unready; unqual- 
ified ; [little used.] See Unable. 

IN-HA-BIL'I-TY, 77. Unaptness; unfitness; want of skill. 
[Little used.] See Inability. 

IN-HAB'IT, V. t. [L. inhabito.] To live or dwell in ; to oc- 
cupy as a place of settled residence. 

IN-IIAB'IT, V. 7. To dwell ; to live ; to abide. 

IN-HAB'l-TA-BLE, a. ]. Habitable ; that may be inhabit- 
ed ; capable of affording habitation to animals. 2. [Fr. 
inhabitable.] Not habitable ; [ois.] Shak. 

IN-HAB'l-TANCE, n. Residence of dwellers. [L. 77.] Carew. 

IN-HAB'I-TAN-CY, n. Residence ; habitancy ; permanent 
or legal residence. 

IN-IIAB'I-TANT, n. ]. A dweller ; one who dwells or re- 
sides permanently in a place, or who has a fixed resi- 
dence, as distinguished from an occasional lodger or visit- 
or. 2. One who has a legal settlement in a town, city or 
parish. 

IN-HAB-I-Ta'TION, 77 . 1. The act of inhabiting, or state 
of being inhabited. 2. Abode ; place of dwelling. 3. 
Population ; whole mass of inhabitants ; [little used.] 

IN-IIAB'IT-ED, pp. Occupied by inhabitants, human or 
irrational. 

IN-HAB'IT-ER, 77. One who inhabits; a dweller; an in- 
habitant. Dcrham. 

IN-IIAB'IT-ING, ppr. Dwelling in ; occupying as a settled 
or permanent inliabitant ; residing in. 

IN-HAB'IT-RESS, n. A female inhabitant. 

IN-HaLE , V. t. [L. inhalo.] To draw into the lungs ; to 


inspire. 

IN-HaL'ED, (in-hiild') pp. Drawn into the lungs. 

IN-HaL'ER, 77 . 1. One who inhales. — 2. In medicine, a ma- 
chine for breathing or drawing warm steam into the 
lungs, as a remedy for coughs and catarrhal complaints. 

IN-HaL'ING, ppr. Drawing into the lungs ; breathing. 

IN-HAR-MON le, ^ tt ^ . 

U AI I F nharmonious ; discordant. 

IN-HAR-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Not harmonious ; unmusical ; dis- 
cordant. Broome. 


IN-11 AR-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. Without harmony; dis- 
cordjintly. 

IN-HeRE', V. i. [L. inhoirco.] To exist or be fixed in 
sonmthing else. 

IN-He'RENCE, ^ 77 . Existence in something ; a fixed state 

IN-He REN-CY, ji of being in another body or substance. 

IN-He'RENT, a. 1. Existing in something else, so as to be 
inseparable from it. 2. Innate ; naturally pertaining to. 

IN-He'RENT-LY, ado. By inlu rence. Bentley. 

IN-HeRMNG, ppr. Existing or fixed in something else. 

IN-HERGT, V. t. [Sp. heredar Fr. heriter.] 1. To take by 
descent from an ancestor ; to take by succession ; to re- 
ceive, as a right or title descendible by law from an an- 
cestor. 2. To receive by nature from a progenitor. 3. 
To possess ; to enjoy ; to take as a possession, by gift. 

IN-HE R'lT, V. i. To take or have possession or propeity. 

IN-HER'IT-A-BLE, a. I. That may be inherited; trans- 
missible or descendible from the ancestor to the heir. 2. 
That may be transmitted from the parent to the child. 3. 
Capable of taking by inheritance, or of receiving by 
descent. 


IN-HER'IT-A-BLY, adv. By inheritance. Sherrrood. 

IN-HER'IT-ANCE, n. 1. An estate derived from an ances- 
tor to an heir by succession. 2. The reception of an 
estate by hereditary right, or the descent by which an 
estate or title is cast oii the heir. 3. The esfiite or pos- 
session which may descend to an heir, though it has not 
descended. 4. An estate given or possessed by donation 
or divine appropriation. 5. That which is possessed or 
enjoyed. 

IN-HER'IT-ED, pp. Received by descent from an ancestor; 
possessed. 

IN-HER'IT-ING, ppr. Taking by succession or right of rep- 
resentation ; receiving from ancestors ; possessing. 

IN-HER'IT-OR, 77. An heir ; one who inherits or mav in- 
lierit. 


IN-HER'I-TRESS, ) 77. An heiress ; a female who inherits, 
IN-HERM-TRTX, | or is entitled to inherit, after the 
death of her ancestor. 

IN-HERSE', (in-hers') v. t. [in and herse.] To inclose in a 
funeral monument. Shak. 

IN-He'SION, 77. [L. inhmsio.] Inherence ; the state of ex- 
isting or being fixed in something, 
t IN-Hi-A^TION, 77. [L. inhiatio.] A gaping after; eager 
desire. , 

IN-HIB'IT, 15. G [Fr. inhiber; h.inhibeo.] 1. To restrain ; 
to hinder ; to check or repress. 2. To forbid ; to prohibit ; 
to interdict. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— | Obsolete. 


INJ 


453 


INL 


aN-HTB'IT-£.D, pp. Restrained ; forbid. 

IN-HIB'IT-ING, ppr. Restraining ; repressing : prohibiting. 
tiV-HI-BimON, 71 . [Fr.3 lu. mkibitio.] l! Brohibition ; 


In /a?o, a writ to forbid or inhibit 


restraint 3 embargo. — 2. , 

a judge Ironi farther proceedings in a cause depending 
before him. 


IN-HoLD', V, t. ; pret. and pp. inheld. To have inherent 3 
to coijt;^in in itself. [Little itscd.] Raleigh. 

t IN-HC)LD'ER, 11. An inhabitant. Spenser. 

IN-llOOP , V. t. To confine or inclose in anj' place. 

IJV-HOS'Bl-TA-BLE, a. ]. Not hospitable ; not disposed to 
entertain strangers gratuitously. 2 . Affording no con- 
veniences, subsistence or shelter to strangers. Dryden. 

IN-HOS'PJ-TA-BLY, adv. Unkindly to strangers. Milton. 

IN-EOST[-l'A-BLE-NESS, ) n. Want of hospitality or 

IN-HOS-PI-TAL' 1 -TY, j kindness to strangers. 

IN-IlU^MAN, a. [Fr. inhumain ; L. inhumamis.] 1. Desti- 
tute of the kindness and tenderness that belong to a hu- 
man being 3 cruel 3 barbarous 3 savage 3 unfeeling. 2. 
Marked with cruelty. 

IN-IiU-MAN' 1 -TY , 7i. [Fy. inliuvianite.] J. Cruelty in dis- 
position 3 savageness of heart. 2 . Cruelty in act 3 bar- 
barit)^ 

IN-HU'MAN-LY, adv. With cruelty 3 barbarously. Sivift. 

IxV-HU'MATE, I t?. t. [Pr. inhumcr ; L. inhumo.'] 1 . To 

IN-HuME', j bury 3 to inter 3 to deposit in the earth, 
as a dead body. 2 . To digest in a vessel surrounded with 
warm earth. 

IN-HU-Ma'TION, n. 1. The act of burying 3 interment. — 
2 . In chemistry, a method of digesting substances by bury- 
ing the vessel containing them in warm earth, or a like 
substance. 

IN-HuM'ED, (in-humd^) ])p. Buried 3 interred. 

IN-HuM'ING, ppr. Burying 5 interring. 

IN-IM-xYG'IN-A-BLE, a. Unimaginable 3 inconceivable. 
Pearson. 

^IN-IM*I-GAL, a. [L. inimicns.] I. Unfriendly 3 having 
the disposition or temper of an enemy. 2 . Adverse 3 hurt- 
ful ; repugnant. Ward. 

IN-IM-I-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being incapable 
of imitation. iN'orris. 

IN-IM'I-TA-BLE, a. [Fr.3 L. inimitahilis.'] That cannot be 
imitated or copied 3 surpassing imitation. 

IN-IMd-TA-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be imitated 3 
to a degree beyond imitation. Broome. 

IN-IGl'Uf-TOUS, a. Unjust ; wicked. 

IN-IQ.^UI-TY, 77. [Fy. iniquite i Ij.iniqaitas.^ 1 . Injustice 3 
unrighteousness 3 a deviation from rectitude. 2 . Want 
of rectitude in principle. 3 . A particular deviation from 
rectitude 3 a sin or crime 3 wickedness 3 any act of injus- 
tice. 4 . Original want of holiness. 

t IN-ia'U-OUri, a. Unjust. 

JN-TR-RI-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being inirrita- 
ble, or not susceptible of contraction by excitement. 

IN-IR'RT-TA-BLE, a. Not irritable 3 not susceptible of irri- 
tation, or contraction by excitement. 

IN-IR'RI-TA-TIVE, a. Not accompanied with excitement. 

t IN-iSLE', (in-IIe') v. t. To surround 5 to encircle. 

IN-I^'TIAL, a. [Fr.3 ifiitifi-lis.] 1 . Beginning 3 placed at 
the beginning. 2 . Beginning 3 incipient. 

IN-I 'TIAL, n. The first letter of a name. 

IN-I'^TIAL-LY, adv. In an incipient degree. Barrow. 

IN-I''TIATE, V. t. [Low L. initio.] 1 . To instruct in rudi- 
ments or principles ; or to introduce into any society or 
sect by instructing the candidate in its principles or cere- 
monies. 2 . To introduce into a new state or society. 3 . 
To instruct 3 to acquaint with. 4 . To begin upon. 

IN-I"TIATE, V. i. To do the first act 3 to perform the first 
rite. Pope. 

IN-I'/TIATE, a. 1 . Unpracticed. 2 . Begun 3 commenced. 

IN-l^'TIATE, n. One who is initiated. J. Barloic. 

IN-I^'TIA-TED, j)p‘ Instructed in the first principles 3 en- 
tered. 

IN-I ^7TA-TING, ppr. Introducing by instruction, or by ap- 
propriate ceremonies. 

IN-I-TLa'TION, n. [L. initiatio.] 1 . The act or process of 
introducing one into a new society, by instructing him in 
its principles, rules or ceremonies. 2 . The act or process 
of making one acquainted with principles before un- 
known. 3 . Admission by application of ceremonies or 
use of symbols. 

IN-F'TIA-TO-RY, a. Initiating or serving to initiate 3 in- 
troducing by instruction, or by the use and application of 
symbols or ceremonies. 

IN-p/TIA-TO-RY, 77. Introductory rite. L. Addison. 

I IN-i'/TfON, 71 . Beginning. J^aunton. 

TN-JEGT', V. t. [L. injsctus.] I. To throw in 3 to dart in. 
2 . To cast or throw on. 

IN-JE€T'ED, pp. Thrown in or on. 

IN-JE€TaNG, ppr. Throwing in or on. 

IN-JE€'TION, 71 . [Fr.3 L. iwjecho.] ]. The act of throw- 
ing in, particularly that of* throwing a liquid medicine 
into the body by a syringe or pipe. 2 . A liquid medicine 
thrown into the body by a syringe or pipe 3 a clyster. — 3 . 


the vessels of an animal body 

’’ "“.hstauce, in order to render visible 
then hguies and ramifications 
IN-JOIN'. See Enjoin. 

IN-JU-GUNWI- 1 Y, 77. [L. injucunditas.] Unpleasantness 3 
(hsagreeableness. [Little used.] J ^ > 

TN-ipT N f ^-ogihzable by a judge. [L. u.] 

IN JU Di OIAL, a. jNot accoiding to the forms of law 
IN-JU-DP/CIOUt^, a. 1. Notjudicous 3 voM oriud^^^^^^^^ 
acting without judgment ; unwise. 2. Not accordin'^ to 
sound jhidgment or discretion 3 unwise. ° 

IN-J U-Dl"C10 US-LY, a(Zy. Without judgment ; unwisely 
IN-JU-DI//CIOUS-NESS, 77 . The quality of being injudV 
cious or unwise. Whitlock. 


IN-JUNG'TiUN, 77. [L. injunctio.] ]. A command 3 or- 
der 3 precept 3 the direction of a superior vested with au- 
thority. 2 . Urgent advice or exhortation of persons not 
vested with absolute authority to command.— 3 . In law, 
a writ or order of the court of chanceiy, directed to an infe- 
rior court, or to parties and their counsel, directing them 
to stay proceedings, or to do some act, as to ])ut the plain- 
tiff in possession for want of tiie defendant's appearance, 
to stay waste or other injury, &c. 

IN'J URE, a. t. [Fy. injure.] J. To Iiart or wound, as the 
person 3 to impair soundness. 2. To damage or lessen the 
value of. 3 . To slander, tarnish or impair. 4. To im- 
pair or diminish 3 to annoy. 5 . To give pain to 3 to 
grieve. 6. To impair, as the intellect or mind. 7. To 
hurt or weaken. 8. To impair 3 to violate. 9 . To make 
worse. — 10 . In general, to wrong the person, to damage 
the property, or to lessen the happiness of ourselves or 
others. 


IN'JURED, pp. Hurt 3 wounded 3 damaged 3 impaired 3 
weakened 3 made worse. 

IN'JUR-ER, 77. One who injures or wrongs. 

IlVHUR-ING, ppr. Hurting 3 damaging 3 impairing 3 weak- 
enmg 3 rendering worse. 

IN-Ju'RI-OUS, a. [L. injiLriiis.] 1 . Wrongful; unjust 3 
hurtful to the rights of another. 2. Hurtful to the person 
or health. 3 . Affecting ivith damage or loss. 4. Mis- 
chievous 3 hurtful. 5 . Lessening' or tarnishing reputa- 
tion. 6. Detractory 3 contumelious 3 hurting reputation. 

IN-Ju'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Wrongfully 3 hurtfully 3 with in- 
justice 3 mischievously. 

IN-Ju'RI-OUS-NESS, 77. The quality of being injurious or 
hurtful 3 injury. 

IN^JU-RY, 77. [L. injuria.] 1 . In general, any wrong or 
damage done to a man’s person, rights, reputation or 
goods. 2 . Mischief 3 detriment. 3 . Any diminution of 
that which is good, valuable or advantageous. 

IN-JUSQTCE, 77. [Fr.3 L. 7 77 j.' 76 ‘t 7 C 7 a.] I* Iniquity ; w’rong 3 
any violation of another’s rights. 2. The withholding 
from another merited praise, or ascribing to him unmerit- 
ed blame. 

lA^K, 77. [D. inkt ; Fr. encre.] 1 . A black liquor or substance 
used for writing. 2 . A.ny liquor used for writing or form- 
ing letters, as red ink, &.c. 3 . A pigment. 

INK, V. t. 'j'o black or daub with ink. 

INK'HORN, 77. [777A: and horn.] 1 . A small vessel used to 
hold ink. 2 . A portable case for the instruments of writ- 
ing. 

IINIUHORN, 77. A reproachful epithet, meaning affected, 
pedantic or pompous. Bale. 

INiUT-NESS, 77 . The state or quality of being inky. 

IxV'KLE, 77. A kind of narrow fillet 3 tape. Shak.“ 

JNKTANG, 77. A hint or whisper ; an intimation. [L. 77.] 

INK^IsIa-KER, 7j. One whose occupation is to make ink. 

IN-KNOT', (in-not') v. t. To bind as with a knot. 

IxNK'STxAND, 77. A vessel for holding ink. 

INK'-STONE, V. A kind of small round stone used in 
making ink. Encyc. 

INK' Y, a. ]. Consisting of ‘ink ; resembling ink 3 black. 
2 . Tarnished or blackened with ink. 

IN-LaCE', V. t. To embellish with variegations. 

IN-LaID', pp. of inlay, which see. 

IN'LAND, 77. 1 . Interior 3 remote from the sea. 2 . With- 
in land 3 remote from the ocean. 3 . Carried on within a 
country 3 domestic, not foreign. 4 . Confined to a coun- 
try ; drawn and payable in the same country. 

IN'LAND, 77. The interior part of a country. JMilton. 

IN'LAND-ER, v. One who lives in the interior of a coun- 
try, or at a distance from the sea. Brown. 

IN-LAND'ISH, a. Denoting something inland 3 native. 

IN-LxAP'i-DATE, v. t. To convert into a stony substance j 
to petrify. [Little used.] Bacon. 

IN-LaY', V. t.; pret. and pp. inlaid. To veneer 3 to diversi- 
fy cabinet or other work by laying in thin slices of fine 
wood. 

IN'LAY, 77. Matter or pieces of wood inlaid. Milton. 

IN-LaY'ER, 77. The person wlio inlays. 

IN-LaY'ING, ppr. The operation of diversifying or orna- 
menting work with thin pieces of wood. 

IN-LAW', V. t. To clear of outlawry or attainder. 

IN'LET, 77. 1 . A passage or opening by which an inclosed 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 3— BTJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 0 as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


INN 


454 INO 


place may be entered ; place of ingress ; entrance. 2. A 
bay or recess in the shore of the sea or of a lake or large 
river, or between isles. 

IN LIM'I-NE. [L.J At the threshold j at the beginning or 
outset. 

IN-LIST', V. i. To enter into military service by signing 
articles and receiving a sum of money. 

IN-LIST', V. t. To engage or procure to enter into military 
service. See Enlist. 

IN-LIST'ED, pp. Engaged in military service. 

IN-LIST'ING, ppr. Entering or engaging in military ser- 
vice. 

IN-LIST'MENT, n. 1. The act of inlisting. Marshall. 2. 
The Writing containing the terms of military service, 
and a list of names of those who enter into the service. 

IN-LOCK', V. t. To lock or inclose one thing within an- 
other. 

IN'LY, a. [in and like.] Internal; interior; secret. Shak. 

IN'LY, ado. Internally; within; in the heart; secretly. 
Milton. 

IN'MATE, n. [i/i or tnn, and mate.] 1. A person who 
lodges or dwells in the same house with another. 2. A 
lodger ; one who lives with a family. 

IN'MATE, a. Admitted as a dweller. Milton. 

IN'MoST, a. [hi and most.] Deepest within ; remotest from 
the surface or external part. Addison. 

INN, n. [Sax. inn.] 1. A house for the lodging and enter- 
tainment of travelers. In America^ it is often a tavern, 
where liquors are furnished to travelers or others. — 2. In 
England y a coWega of municipal or common law professors 
and students. — Inns of courts colleges in which students 
of law reside and are instructed. The principal are the 
Inner Temple, the Middle Temple, Lincoln’s Inn, and 
Gray’s Inn. — Inns of chancery^ colleges in which young 
students formerly began their law studies. 

INN-HoLD'ER, n. [i/in and hold.] 1. A person who 
keeps an inn or house for the entertainment of travel- 
ers ; also, a taverner. 2. An inhabitant ; [oZ>s.] Spenser. 

INN'KEEP-ER, n. [hm and keep.] An innholder. In 
America^ the innkeeper is often a tavernkeeper or tavern- 
er, as well as an innkeeper. 

INN, V. i. To take up lodging ; to lodge. Donne. 

INN, V. t. To house ; to put under cover. Bacon. 

IN'NATE, a. [L. innatus.] Inborn ; native ; natural. En- 
cyc. 

f IN'NA-TED, for innate. 

IN'NATE-LY, ado. Naturally. 

IN'NATE-NESS, n. Tlie quality of being innate. 

IN-NAV'I-G A-BLE, a. [L. innavigabilis.] That cannot 
be navigated ; impassable by ships or vessels. Dryden. 

IN'NER, a. [from t«.] 1. Interior; farther inward than 

something else. 2. Interior ; internal ; not outward. 

IN'NER-LY, ado. More within. Barret. 

IN'NER-MoST, a. Farthest inward ; most remote from the 
outward part. Prov. xviii. 

IN-NERVE', (in-nerv') v. t. [in and nerve.] To give nerve 
to ; to invigorate ; to strengthen. Dwight. 

IN'NING, n. 1. The ingathering of grain. 2. A term in 
cricket, a turn for using the bat. 

INN'INGS, n. Lands recovered from the sea. 

IN'NO-CENCE, ) n. [Fr. ; L. innocentia.] 1. Properly^ 

IN'NO-CEN-CY, i freedom from any quality that can in- 
jure ; innoxiousness; harmlessness. — 2. In a moral sense., 
freedom from crime, sin or guilt ; untainted purity of 
heart and life ; unimpaired integrity. 3. Freedom from 
guilt or evil intentions ; simplicity of heart. 4. Freedom 
from the guilt of a particular sin or crime. 5. The state 
of being lawfully conveyed to a belligerent, or of not be- 
ing contraband. 

IN'NO-CENT, a. [Fr. ; L. innocens.] 1. Properly.^ not 
noxious ; not producing injury ; free from qualities that 
can injure ; harmless ; innoxious. 2. Free from guilt ; 
not having done wrong or violated any law ; not tainted 
with sin ; pure ; upright. 3. Free from the guilt of a par- 
ticular crime or evil action. 4. Lawful ; permitted. 5. 
Not contraband ; not subject to forfeiture. 

IN'NO-CENT, n. 1. One free from guilt or harm. Shak. 2. 
A natural ; an idiot; [tt/iMsuaZ.] Hooker. 

IN'NO-CENT-LY, adv. 1. Without harm ; without incur- 
ring guilt. 2. With simplicity ; without evil design. 3. 
Without incurring a forfeiture or penalty. 

IN-NOG'U-OUS, a. [L. innocuits,] Harmless; safe; pro- 
ducing no ill effect ; innocent. 

IN-NOG'U-OUS-LY, ado. Without harm; without injuri- 
Oils ©ff*0CtS« 

IN-NOC'U-OUS-NESS, n. Harmlessness; the quality of 
being destitute of mischievous qualities or effects. Dicrby. 

IN-NO M'l-N A-BLE, c. Not to be named. Chaucer. 

IN-NOM'I-NATE, a. Having no name ; anonymous. 

IN'NO-VATE, V. t. [Fr. innover ; L. innovo.] 1. To change 
or alter by introducing something new. 2. To bring in 
something new. 

IN'NO-VATE, V, L To introduce novelties ; to make 
changes in any thing established. 


IN'NO-VA-TED,;>p. Changed by the introduction of some- 
thing new. 

IN'NO-VA-TING, ppr. Introducing novelties. 

IN-NO-Va'TION, 71. Change made by the introduction of 
something new; change in established laws, customs, 
rites or practices. 

IN'NO-VA-TOR, 77. L An introducer of changes. 2. One 
who introduces something new. South. 

IN-NOX'IOUS, a. [L. innoxius.] 1. Free from mischiev- 
ous qualities ; innocent ; harmless. 2. Not producing 
evil ; harmless in effects. 3. Free from crime ; pure ; inr- 
nocent. 

IN-NOX'IOUS-LY, arfr. 1. Harmlessly; without mischief. 
2. Without harm suffered. Brown. 

IN-NOX'IOUS-NESS, ti. Harmlessness. Tooke. 

IN-NU-END'O, 71. [L. i?i7mo.] 1. An oblique hint ; are- 
mote intimation or reference to a person or thing not 
named. — 2. In law, a word used to point out the precise 
person. 

IN'NU-ENT, a. [L. inmiens.] Significant. Burton. 

IN-NU-MER-A-BIL'I-TY, or IN-NU'MER-A-BLE-NESS, 
77. State of being innumerable. Fotherby. 

IN-NO'MER- A-BLE, a. [L. innumcrabilis.] 1. Not to be 
counted ; that cannot be enumerated or numbered for 
multitude. — 2. In a loose sense^ very numerous. 

IN-Nu'MER-A-BLY, Without number. 

IN-Nu'MER-OUS, a. [L.i77 7mmer77s.] Too many to be count- 
ed or numbered ; innumerable. Pope. 

IN-NU-TRI"TION, n. [m and nutrition.] Want of nutri- 
tion ; failure of nourishment. Darwin. 

IN-NU-TRl"TIOUS, a. Not nutritious ; not supplying 
nourishment ; not nourishing. Darwin. 

IN-O-Be'DI-ENCE, 77. Disobedience ; neglect of obedr- 
ence._ 

IN-O-Be'DI-ENT, a. Net yielding obedience ; neglecting 
to obey. 

IN-OB-SERV'A-BLE, a. That cannot be seen or observed. 

IN-OB-SERV'ANCE, 77. Want of observance; neglect of 
observing ; disobedience. Bacon. 

IN-OB-SERV'ANT, a. Not taking notice. Beddoes. 

IN-OB-SER-VA'TION, n. Neglect or want of observation. 

IN-OG'U-LATE, v. t. [L. inocxilo.] 1. To bud ; to insert 
the bud of a tree or plant in another tree or plant, for rtie 
purpose of growth on the new stock. 2. To communt- 
cate a disease to a person by inserting infectious matter 
in his skin or flesh. 

IN-0€'U-LATE, v. i. To propagate by budding; to prac- 
tice inoculation. 

IN-OG'U-LA-TED, pp. 1. Budded. 2. Inserted in another 
stock, as a bud. 3. Infected by inoculation with a par- 
dis0cts0 

IN-OG'U-LA-TING, ppr. 1. Budding ; propagating by in- 
serting a bud on another stock. 2. Infecting by inocula- 
tion. 

IN-OG-U-La'TION, 77. [E.inoculatio.] 1. The act or prac- 
tice of inserting buds of one plant under the bark of an- 
other for propagation. 2. The act or practice of commu- 
nicating a disease to a person in health, by inserting con- 
tagious matter in his skin or flesh. 

IN-0€'U-LA-T0R, 77. A person who inoculates ; one who 
propagates plants or diseases by inoculation. 

t INjO'DI-ATE, V. t. To make hateful. Soxith. 

IN-o'DO-RATE, a. Having no scent or odor. 

IN-o'DO-ROUS, a. [L. inodorus.] Wanting scent ; having 
no smell. Arbuthnot. 

IN-OF-FENS'IVE, a. 1. Giving no offense or provocation. 

2. Giving no uneasiness or disturbance. 3. Harmless ; 
doing no injury or mischief. 4. Not obstructing ; pre- 
senting no hinderance. 

IN-OF-FENS'IVE-LY, ado. Without giving offense ; with- 
out harm ; in a manner not to offend. 

IN-OF-FENS'IVE-NESS, n. Harmlessness ; the quality 
of being not oftensive either to the senses or to the 
mind. 

IN-OF-FI"CIAL, a. Not official ; not proceeding from the 
proper officer ; not clothed with tlie usual forms of au- 
thority, or not done in an official character. 

IN-OF-FI"CIAL-LY, ado. Without the usual forms, or not 
in the official character. 

IN-OF-FI"CIOUS, a. 1. Unkind ; regardless of natural ob- 
ligation ; contrary to natural duty. 2. Unfit for an office. 

3. Not civil or attentive. 

t IN-OP- ER-a'TION, 77. Agency ; influence ; production 
of effects. Bp. Hall. 

IN-OP'ER-A-TIVE, a. Not operative ; not active ; having 
no operation ; producing no effect. 

t IN-OP'IN-ATE, a. [L. inojnnatus.] Not expected. 

IN-OP-POR-TuNE', a. [L. inopportunus.] Not opportune ; 
inconvenient ; unseasonable in time. 

IN-OP-POR-TuNE'LY, adv. Unseasonably; at an incon- 
venient time. 

IN-OP-PRESS'IVE, a. Not oppressive ; not burdensome. 

IN-OP'U-LENT, a. Not opulent ; not wealthy. 

IN-OR'DI-NA-CY’’, n. Deviation from order or rule pre- 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, t), Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT; — PR£Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — j Obsolete, 


INS 


455 


INS 


scribed ; iiTegularity ; disorder ; excess or want of mod- 
enation. 

IN-OIIMJI-NATE, a. [L. inordinatus.^ Irregular ; disor- 
derly j excessive ; immoderate ; not limited to rules pre- 

^scribed, or to usual bounds. 

IN-Oll'DI-N ATE-LY, ado. Irregularly; excessively; im- 
moderately. Skelton. 

IN-OR'Dl-.\ ATE-NESS, v. Deviation from order; excess; 
want of im^deration ; inordinacy. 

IN-OU-DI-Na'TION, n. Irregularity; deviation from rule 
or right. South. 

IN-OR-GAN'IG, ) a. Devoid of organs ; not formed 

IN-OR-GAN'1-GAL, \ with the organs or instruments of 
life. 

IN-OR-G AN'I-GAL-LY, ado. Without organs. 

IN-OR'G AN-lZED, a. Not having organic structure ; void 
of orgajis ; as earths, metals and other minerals. 

IN-OS GU-LATE, t;. j. [L. hi and oiTaZotiis.] In anatowy, 
to unite by apposition or contact; to unite, as two vessels 
at tlieir extremities. 

IX-OS'GU-LATE, v. t. To unite, as two vessels in an ani- 
mal body. 

IN-OS'GG-LA-TING, ppr. Uniting, as the extremities of 
two vessels. 

IN-OS-GU-La'TION, n. The union of two vessels of an 
animal body at their extremities, by means of which a 
communication is maintained ; anastomosy. 

INRiUEST, n. [Fr. euquite.] 1. Inquisition ; judicial in- 
quiry ; olliciai examination. 2. A jury. 3. Inquiry ; 
search ._ 

flN-ClUT ET, V. t. To disturb ; to trouble. 

t IN-aUI-ET-A'TION, 71. Disturbance. 

IN-Q.Ul'E-TUUE, n. [Fr. ; h. inquiet ado. Disturbed state ; 
want of quiet ; restlessness ; uneasiness, either of body or 
mind ; disquietude, 

IN'Q,UI-NATE, V. t. [L. inquino.] To defile; to pollute ; 
to contaminate. [Little uaed.] Brown. 

IN-QUI-Na'TION, ?/. The act of defiling, or state of being 
defiled ; pollution ; corruption. [Little uaed.] Bacon. 

IN-Q,UIR'A-BLE, a. That may be inquired into ; subject to 
inquisition or inquest. Bacon. 

IN-CiUlRE', V. i. [Fr. enqiierir ; Pp. inquirir ; L. inquiro.] 

1. To ask a question ; to seek for truth or information by 
asking questions. 2. To seek for truth by argument or 
the discussion of questions, or by investigation. — To in- 
quire into, to make examination ; to seek for particular in- 
formation. 

IN-Q,UlRE^, V. t. To ask about ; to seek by asking. 

IN-QUiR'ENT, a. Making inquiry. 

IN-ClUIR'ER, n. One who asks a question ; one who inter- 
rogates ; one who searches or examines ; one who seeks 
for knowledge or information. 

IN-QUiK'ING, ppr. Seeking for information by asking 
questions ; asking ; questioning ; interrogating ; examin- 
ing. 

IN-Q.UrRY, n. [Norm, enqiierrc.] 1. The act of inquir- 
ing ; a seeking for information by asking questions ; in- 
terrogation. 2. Search for truth, information or knowl- 
edge ; research ; examination into facts or principles. 

IX-Q,UI-Sl"TION, n. [Fr.; L. inquisitio.] 1. Inquiry ; ex- 
amination ; a searching or search. 2. .Tudicial inquiry ; 
official examination; inquest. 3. Examination ; discus- 
sion. 4. In some Catholic countries, a court or tribunal 
established for the examination and punishment of here- 
tics. 

IN'-QlUI-ST"TION-AL, a. Making inquiry ; busy in inquiry. 

IX-CIUIS'I-TIVE, a. 1. Apt to ask questions ; addicted to 
inquiry ; inclined to seek information by questions. 2. In- 
clined to seek knowledge by discussion, investigation or 
observation ; given to research. • 

IN-dUIS'I-TIVE, n. A person who is inquisitive ; one cu- 
rious in research. Temple. 

IX-Q.UIS'1-TIVE-LY, atZe. With curiosity to obtain infor- 
mation ; with scrutiny. 

IN-ClUIS'I-TiVE-NESS, n. The disposition to obtain in- 
formation ; curiosity to learn what is not known. 

IX-CIUIS'I-TOR, V. [L.] 1. One who inquires ; particM- 

larly, one whose official duty it is to inquire and examine. 

2. A member of the court of inquisition in Catholic coun- 
tries. _ 

IN-Q.UIS-1-To'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to inquisition. 2. 
Pertaining to the Gatholic court of inquisition. 

IN-Ciui.‘?-I-To'RI-OUS, a. Making strict inquiry. .Milton. 

IN-RaIL', V. t. To rail in ; to inclose with rails. Gay. 

IN-RaIL'ED, (in-raldO pjk Inclosed with rails. 

IN-RaIL'ING, ppr. Inclosing with rails. 

IN-REG' IS-TER, v. t. [Fr. enreffistrer.] To register; tore- 
cord ; to enter in a register. Walsh. 

IN'RoAD, 71. 1. The entrance of an enemy into a country 
with purposes of hostility ; a sudden or desultory incur- 
sion or invasion. 2. Attack ; encroachment. 

IN-SaFE'TY, n. Want of safety. [/ZZ.] dSTaunton. 

IN-SA-Lu'BRI-OUS, a. Not salubrious ; not healthful ; un- 
favorable to health ; unwholesome. 


salubrity ; iinhealthful- 

ne^s ; unwholesomeness. 

salutary; not favorable to 
live of evfl?'^”^"^^^‘ ^o safety ; produc- 

IN-SAN'A-BLE, a. [L. insanabilis.] Incurable ; that can- 
not be healed. Johnson. ’ 

IN-SANE', a. [L. insanus.'j 1. Unsound in mind or in- 
tellect ; mad ; deranged in mind ; delirious ; distracted. 
2.^ Used by or appropriated to insane persons. 

IN-SaNE', n. An insane person. 

IN-SaNE'LY, ado. Madly; foolishly; without reason. 
IN-SaNE'XESS, \ n. 74ie state of being unsound in mind • 
IN-SAN'I-TY, i derangement of iiuellect ; madness. ’ 
t IN-SAP'O-RY, a. Tasteless ; wanting fiavor. 

IN-Sa'TI A-BLE, (in-sa'sha-bi) a. [Fr.; L. btsatiabilis.'l 
Incapable of being satisfied or appeased ; very greed v. 
IN-Pa'TIA-BLE-NEJ?S, (in-sa'sha-bl-nes) n. Greediness 
of appetite that cannot be satisfied or apjieased. 
s-Sa'TI A-BLY, (in-sa'sha-bly) ado. With gree 


IN 

to be satisfied. South. 
IN-Sa'TIATE, (in-sa'shate) a. [L. 
satisfied ; insatiable. Philips. 


greediness not 
insatiatus.'] Not to be 


IN-Sa'TIATE-LY, ado. iSo greedily as not to be satis- 
fied. 

IN-SA-TT'E-TY, n. Insatiableness. Grander. 

IN-SAT-I»S-P’AG'TI0N, 71. Want of satisfaction. Bacon. 

IN-SAT'U-RA-BLE, a. [L. insaturabilis.] Not to be satu- 
rated, filled or glutted. Johnson. 

IN-FClENGE, n. Ignorance; \vant of knowledge. 

IN-SGRTBE', V. t. [L. insertbo.] 1. To write on ; to en- 
grave on for perpetuity or duration. 2. To imprint on. 

3. To assign or address to ; to commend to by a short ad- 
dress. 4. To mark with letters, characters or words. 5. 
To draw a figure within another. 

IN-SGRiB'ED, (in-skribd') pp. Written on; engraved; 
marked ; addressed. 

IN-i:<GRlB'ER, n. One who inscribes. Poionoll. 

IN-SGRTB'ING, ppr. Writing on; engraving; marking; 
addressing. 

IN-SGRIP'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. inscripiio.'] 1. Something 
written or engraved to commnnicate knowledge to after 
ages ; any character, word, line or sentence written or 
engraved on a solid substance for duration. 2. xA. title. 
3. An address or consignment of a book to a person. 

IN^-SGRIP'TIVE, a. Bearing inscription. 

IN-SGRoLL', V. f. To write on a scroll. Shah. 

IN-j?GRU-TA-BIE'l-TY, or IN-SGRC'TA-BLE-XEgS, 7?. 
The quality of being inscrutable. 

IN-SGRU'T A-BLE, 17. [Fr. ; L. inscrutabilis.] 1. Unsearch- 
able ; that cannot be searched into and understood by 
inquiry or study. 2. 7’]iat cannot be penetrated, discov- 
ered or understood liy human reason. 

IN-SGRU'TA-BLY, ado. In a manner or degree not to be 
found out or understood. 

IN-SGULP', 7\ t. [L. insculpo.] To engrave ; to carve. 

IN-SGUTiP'TION, 71. Inscription. [L. 77.] Tourneur. 

IN-SGULPT'URE, 71. An engraving ; sculpture. Shah. 

IN-SeAM', V. t. To impress "or mark with a seam or cica- 


trix. 

tlN-SEARCfP, (in-serch') v. t. To make search. Elyot. 
IX-SEG' A-BLE, a. [L. insecaJUis.] That cannot be divided 
by a cutting instrument ; indivisible. 

IN'SEGT, V. [L. insecta.] 1. In zoolofry,n small invertebral 
animal, breathing by lateral spiracles, and furnished with 
articulated extremities and movable antennae. 2. Any 
tiling small or contemptible. 

IN'SEGT, a. Small ; mean ; contemptible. 
IN-SEG-Ta'TOR, 7?. [L.] A persecutor. [Little used.] 
IN-SEGT'ED, a. Having the nature of an insect. 
IN-SEGT'ILE, a. Having the nature of insects. 
flN-SEGT'ILE, 71. An insect. Wotton. 

IN-SEG'TION, n. A cutting in ; incisure ; incision. 
IN-SEG-TIV'O-ROUS, a. [insect, and L. voro.] Feeding or 
subsisting on insects. Diet. JTat. Hist. 
tIN-SEG-TOL'O-GER, n. One who studies insects. 
IN-SE-GURE', a. 1. Not secure ; not safe ; not confident of 
safety. 2. Not safe ; not efiectnally guarded or protected ; 
unsafe ; exposed to danger or loss. 

IN-SE-GuRE'LY, ado. Without security or safety. 
IN-SiE-GfJ'RT-TY, n. 1. Want of safety, or want of confi 
deuce in safety. 2. Uncertainty. 3. Want of safety ; 
danger ; hazard ; exposure to destruction or loss. 
IN-Sf!^GC'TION, 71. [L. insecutio.] Pursuit. Chapman. 
IN-SEM'I-NATE, V. Z. [L. iiiscr/iZwo.] To sow. [L.u.] 
IN-SEM-I-Na'TION, n. The act of sowing. [Little 7<5ciZ.] 
IN-SENS' ATE, 17. [Fr. twscins'fl Destitute of sense ; stu- 
pid : foolish; wanting sensibility. Milton. 
t IN-SENSE', V. t. To instruct ; to inform ; to make to tin- 
^ 0 ci 

IN-SENS-l’-BIL'I-TY, v. 1. Want of sensibility, or the 
power of feeling or perceiving. 2. Want of the power to 
be moved or affected ; want of tenderness or susceptibility 
of emotion and passion. 3. Dullness ; stupidity ; torpor. 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6 VE B[JLL, UNITE.— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this | Obsolete 


INS 


456 


INS 


IN-SENS'I-BLE, a. [Fr., Sp., from L. tn and sensus,] ]. 
Imperceptible 5 that cannot be felt or perceived. 2. Des- 
titute of the power of feeling or perceiving 3 wanting cor- 
poreal sensibility. 3. Not susceptible of emotion or pas- 
sion 3 void of feeling 3 wanting tenderness. 4. Dull 3 
stupid 3 torpid. 5, Void of sense or meaning. Hale. 

IN-SENSa-BLE-NESS, Want of sensibility. 

IN-SEN S'l-BLY, adv. 1. Imperceptibly 3 in a manner not 
to be felt or perceived by the senses. Addison. 2. By 
slow degrees 3 gradually. 

IN-SEN'TIENT, a. Not having perception. 

IN-SEP' A-RA-BLE, a. [Fr. 3 L. inseparabilis.'] That can- 
not be separated or disjoined 3 not to be parted. 

IN-SEP' A-IIA-BLE-NESS, \ n. Tlie quality of being insep- 

IN-SEP-A-RA-BIL'I-TY, \ arable, or incapable of dis- 
junction, 

IN-SEP' A-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner that prevents 
separation 3 with indissoluble union. Temple. 

t IN-SEP' A-RATE, a. Not separate. 

t IN-SEP'A-RATE-L Y, adv. So as not to be separated. 

IN-SERT', V. t. [Fr. inserer ; L. i/iscro.] Literally , to thrust 
in 3 hence, to set in or among. 

IN-SERT'ED, pp. Set in or among. 

IN-SERT'ING, ppr. Setting in or among. 

IN-SER'TION, M. [Fr. 3 L. insertio.'] 1. The act of setting 
or placing in or among other things. 2. The tiling insert- 
ed. 

t IN-SERVE', V. t. [L. inservio.] To be of use to an end. 

IN-SERV'I-ENT, a. Conducive. 

IN-SET', V. t. To infix or implant. Chaucer. 

IxV-SHaD'ED, a. Marked with different shades. 

IN-SHELL', V. t. To hide in a shell. Shak. 

IN-SHEL'TER, v. i. To shelter. Shak. 

IN-SHIP', V. t. To ship 3 to embark. Shak. 

IN-SHRlNE'. See Enshuine. 

IN'SIDE, 71. [in and .sirfc.] Tlie interior part of a thing 3 in- 
ternal part 3 opposed to outside. 

IN-SID'I-ATE, V. t. [L. insidior.'] To lie in ambush for. 

IN-SID'I-A-TOR, n. One who lies in ambush. Barrow. 

*IN-S1D'I-0US, a. [L.msi#:?tosu5. j 1. Properly^\ymg in wait 3 
hence, watching an opportunity to insnare or entrap 3 de- 
ceitful 3 sly 3 treacherous. 2. intended to entrap. 

’'•TN-SID'I-OUS-LY, adv. With intention to insnare 3 deceit- 
fully 5 treacherously 3 with artifice or stratagem. 

*IN-SID'I-OUS-NESS, 71. A watching for an opportunity to 
insnare 3 deceitful ness 3 treachery. Barrow. 

IN'SlGHT, (in'site) n. [in and sight.] Sight or view of the 
interior of any thing 3 deep inspection or view 3 intro- 
spection 3 thorough knowledge or skill. Spectator. 

IN-SIG'NI-A, 71. [L. plu.] 1. Badges or distinguishing marks 
of office or honor. Burke. 2. Marks, signs, or visible im- 
pressions, by which any thing is known. 

IN-SIG-NIF'I-€ANCE, \ n. 1. Want of significance or 

IN-SIG-NIF'I-€AN-CY, \ meaning. 2. Unimportance 3 
want of force or effect. 3. Want of weight 3 meanness. 

IN-SIG-NIF'I-€ANT, a. 1. Void of signification 3 destitute 
of meaning. 2. Unimportant 3 answering no purpose 3 
having no weight or effect. 3. Without weight of charac- 
ter 5 mean 5 contemptible. 

IN-SIG-NIF'I-€ANT, n. An insignificant thing. 

IN-SIG-NIF'I-€ANT-LY, adv. 1. Without meaning, as 
words. 2. Without-importance or effect 3 to no purpose. 

IN-SIG-NIF'I-CA-TIVE, a. Not expressing by external 
signs. 

IN-SIN-CkRE', a. [L. in^mccriis.] 1. Not sincere 3 not be- 
ing in truth what one appears to be 3 dissembling 3 hypo- 
critical 3 false. 2. Deceitful 3 hypocritical 3 false. 3. Not 
sound. 

IN-SIN-CeRE'LY, adv. Without sincerity 5 hypocritically. 

IN-SIN-CER'I-TY, n. 1. Dissimulation 3 want of sincerity 
or of being in reality what one appears to be 3 hypocrisy. 
2. Deceitfulness 3 hollowness. 

IN-SIN'EW, V. t. To strengthen 3 to give vigor to. 

IN-SIN'U-ANT, a. [Fr. 3 L. insinuans.] Insinuating 3 hav- 
ing the power to gain favor. [Little used.] Wotton. 

IN-SIN'U-ATE, V. t. [Fr. insimier ; L. insinuo.] 1. To in- 
troduce gently, or into a narrow passage 3 to wind in. 2. 
To push or work one’s self into favor 3 to introduce by 
slow, gentle or „artful means. 3. To hint 3 to suggest by 
remote allusion. 4. To instill 3 to infuse gently' 3 to intro- 
duce artfully. 

IN-SIN'U-ATE, V. i. 1. To creep in 3 to wind in 3 to flow 
m3 to^ enter gently, slowly, or imperceptibly, as into 
crevices. 2. To gain on the affections by gentle or artful 
means. 3. To wind along. 

IN-SIN'U-A-TED, pp. Introduced or conveyed gently, im- 
perceptibly or by winding into crevices 3 iiinted. 

IN-SIN'U-A-TING,ppr. 1. Creeping or winding in 3 flowing 
in 3 gaining on gently 3 hinting, 2. a. Tending to enter 
gently 3 insensibly winning favor and confidence. 

IN-SIN-U-a'TION, 71. [Fr. 3 L. insinuatio.] 1. The act of 
insinuating 3 a creeping or winding in 3 a flowing into 
crevices. 2. The act of gaining on favor or affections, by 
gentle or artful means. 3. The art or power of pleasing 


and stealing on the affections. 4. A hint 3 a suggestion 
or intimation by distant allusion. 

IN-SIN'U-A-TIVE, a. Stealing on the affections. Bacon. 

IN-SIN'U-A-TOR, n. One wJio insinuates 3 one that hints. 

IN-SIP'ID, a. [Fr. insipide ; L. insipidus.] 1. 'J’asteless 3 
destitute of taste 3 wanting the qualities which afl’ect the 
organs of taste 3 vapid. 2. Wanting spirit, life or anima- 
tion 3 wanting pathos, or the power of exciting emotions 3 
flat 3 dull 3 heavy. 3. Wanting power to gratify desire. 

IN-SI-PID'I-TY, or IN-SIP'ID-NEyS, 7i. [Fr. insipidite.] 1. 
Want of taste, or the power of exciting sensation in the 
tongue. 2. Want of life or spirit. 

IN-SIP'ID-LY, ccfy. Without taste 3 without spirit or life 3 
without enjoyment. Locke. 

IN-SIP I-ENCE, n. [L. insipientia.] Want of wisdom 3 fol- 
ly 3 foolishness 3 want of understanding. 

IN-SIST', v.i. [Fr. insister; L. insisto.] ]. Literally^ to 
stand or rest on 3 [rarely \ised.] — 2. In^g07nctr?/,an angle 
is said to insist upon the arc of the circle intercepted 
between the two lines which contain the angle. 3. To 
dwell on in discourse. — To insist on, to press or urge for 
any thing with immovable firmness. 

IN-45IST'ENT, a. Standing or resting on. [L. u.] Wotton. 

t IN-SIST'URE, n. A dwelling or standing on 3 fixedness. 

IN-Si'TIEN-CY, 72. Freedom from thirst, drew. 

IN-Sl"TION, 71. [L. insitio.] The insertion of a cion in a 
stock 3 ingraftment. Ray. 

IN-SNaRE', V. t. 1. To catch in a snare 3 to entrap 3 to take 
by artificial means. 2. To inveigle 3 to seduce by artifice 5 
to take by wiles, stratagem or deceit. 3. To entangle 3 to 
involve in dilficulties or perplexities. 

IN-SNaR'ED, (in-snard') pp. Caught in a snare 3 entrapped 3 
inveigled 3 involved in perplexities. 

IN-SNaR'ER, n. One that insnares. 

IN-SNaR'ING, ppr. Catching in a snare 3 entrapping 3 se- 
ducing 3 involving in difficulties. 

IN-SO-BRI'E-TY, 72. [in and sobriety.] Want of sobriety 3 
intemperance 3 drunkenness. Decay of Piety. 

IN-So'CIA-BLE, a. [Fr. 3 L. insociabilis.] 1. Not inclined 
to unite in social converse 3 not given to conversation 3 
unsociable 3 taciturn. 2. That cannot be joined or con- 
nected 3 [0/75.] 

IN'SO-LATE, y. f. [L. insol 0.] To dry in the sun’s rays 3 
to expose to the 'heat of the sun 3 to ripen or prepare by 
exposure to the sun. 

IN'SO-LA-TED, pp. Exposed to the sun 3 dried or matured 
in the sun’s rays. 

IN'SO-LA-TING, ppr. Exposing to the action of sun- 
beams, 

IN-SO-La'TION, 72. 1. The act of exposing to the rays of 
the sun. 2. A stroke of the sun 3 the action of extreme 
heat on the brain. 

IN'SO-LENCE, 72. [Fr. 3 L. msolentia.] Pride or haughti- 
ness manifested in contemptuous and overbearing treat- 
ment of others 3 petulant contempt 3 impudence. 

t IN'SO-LENCE, V. t. To treat with haughty contempt. 

IN'SO-LENT, a. 1. Proud and haughty, with contempt of 
others 3 overbearing 3 domineering in power. 2. Proceed- 
ing from insolence 3 haughty and contemptuous. 3. Un- 
accustomed 3 [oZ»s.] 

IN'SO-LENT-LY, adv. With contemptuous pride 3 haugh- 
tily 3 rudely 3 saucily. Dryden. 

IN-SO-LID'I-TY, 72. Want of solidity 3 weakness. 

IN-SOL-U-BIL'I-TY, 72. The quality of not being soluble or 
dissolvable, particularly in a fluid. 

IN-SOL'U-BLE, a. [Fr., from L. insolubilis.] 1. That cannot 
be dissolved, particularly by a liquid. 2. Not to be solved 
or explained 3 not to be resolved 3 as a doubter difficulty 3 
[little 72.9 cff.] 

IN-SOLV'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Not tohe cleared of difficulty 
or uncertainty 3 not to be solved or explained 3 not admit- 
ting solution or explication. 2. That cannot be paid or 
discharged. 

IN-SOLV'EN-CY, n. 1. Inability of a person to pay all his 
debts 3 or the state of wanting property sufficient for such 
payment. 2. Insufficiency to discharge all debts of the 
owner. 

IN-SOLV'ENT, a. [L. mand solvens.] L Not having money^ 
goods or estate sufficient to pay all debts. 2. Not suf- 
ficient to pay all the debts of the owner. 3. Respecting 
insolvent debtors 3 relieving an insolvent debtor from im- 
prisonment for debt . — Insolvent laic, or act of insolvency , 
a law which liberates a debtor from imprisonment, or ex- 
empts him from liability to arrest and imprisonment on 
account of any debt previously contracted. 

IN-SOLV'ENT, 72. A debtor unable to pay his debts. 

IN-SOM'NI-OUS, a. [L. insomniosus.] Troubled with dreams3 
restless in sleep. 

IN-SO-MUCII', adv. Hn, 50, and much.] So that 3 to that de- 
gree. Obsolescent.] 

IN-SPEGT', V. t. [L. inspectum.] 1. Tolook on 3 to view or 
oversee for the purpose of examination. 2. To look into 3 
to view and examine, for the purpose of ascertaining the 
quality or condition of a thing. 3. To view and examine 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, tJ, Y, Ze72^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PR£Y 3— PIN, MARINE, BiRD 3— j Obsolete. 


457 


INS 


INS 


for the purpose of discovering and correcting errors. 4. 
To superintend. 

t IN-SPijCT', n. Close examination. Thoinson, 

IA^-SP£CT'ED, pp. Viewed with care 5 examined. 

IN-SP£CT'ING, ppi\ Looking on or intoj viewing with 
care ; examining. 

IN-SP£€'T10N, V. [L. inspectio.] 1. A looking on or into j 
prying exaniination ; close or careful survey. 2. Watch j 
guard iansliip. 3. Superintendence 5 oversiglit 4. Of- 
licial view 3 a careful viewing and examining of commodi- 
ties or manufactures, to ascertain their quality. 5. Official 
examination, as of arms, to see that they are in good or- 
der for service. 

IN-SP£CT'OK, 71. 1. One who inspects, views or oversees. 
2. A superintendent ; one to whose care the execution of 
any work is committed. 3. An officer whose duty is to 
examine tlie quality of goods. 4. An officer of the cus- 
toms. 5. A military officer whose duty is to inspect the 
troops and examine their arms. 

IN-SPE€T'OR-ATE, ) n. Tlie office of an inspector. TVash- 

IN-SPECT'OR-SHIP, \ ington. 

IN-SPERS'ED, (in-sperst') a. Sprinkled on. 

IN-SPER'SION, n. [L. inspcrsio.'] The act of sprinkling on. 
Ainsicoi'th. 

IN-SPEXT-MUS, 71. [L. we liave inspected j the first word 
of ancient charters^ &c.] An exemplification. 

IX-SPHkRE', V. t. To place in an orb or sphere. 

IN-SPiR'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be inspired. 2. That may 
be drawn into the lungs ; inhalable 3 as air or vapors. 

IN-SPI-R action, 71. [Er.] 1. The act of drawing air into 
the lungs ; the inhaling of air ; a branch of respiration, 
and opposed to expiration. 2. The act of breathing into 
any thing. 3. The infusion of ideas into the mind by the 
Holy Spirit ; the conveying into the minds of men ideas, 
notices or monitions by extraordinary or supernatural in- 
fluence. 4. The infusion of ideas or directions by the 
supposed deities of pagans. 5. The infusion or commu- 
nication of ideas or poetic spirit, by a superior being or 
supposed presiding power. 

IN'SPl-RA-TO-RY, a. Pertaining to inspiration, or inhaling 
air into the lungs. Med. Repos. 

IX-SPIRE', 77. i. [L. iasph-o.] To draw in breath j to inhale 
air into the lungs 3 opposed to expire. 

IN-SPiRE', V. t. 1. To breathe into. Pope. 2. To infuse 
by breathing. 3. To infuse into the mind 3 as, to inspire 
with new life. 4. To infuse or suggest ideas or monitions 
supernaturally 3 to communicate divine instructions to the 
mind. 5. To infuse ideas or poetic spirit. 6. To draw 
into_the lungs. 

IN-SPiR'ED, (in-spird') pp. 1. Breathed in 3 inhaled 3 in- 
fused. 2. Informed or directed by the Holy Spirit. 

IN-SPiR'ER, 71. He that inspkes. 

IN-SPlR'IN(i,;7pr. 1. Breathing in 3 inhaling into the lungs 3 
infusing into the mind supernaturally. 2. a. Infusing 
spirit or courage 3 animating. 

IN-SPIR'IT, V. t. To infuse or excite spirit in 3 to enliven 3 
to animate 3 to give new life to 3 to encourage 3 to invig- 
orate. Pope. 

IN-SPIR'IT-ED, pp. Enlivened 3 animated 3 invigorated. 

IN-SPIRTT-ING, ppr. Infusing spirit 3 giving new life to. 

IN-SPIS'SATE, V. t. To thicken, as fluids 3 to bring to 
greater consistence by evaporating the thinner parts, 

&.C. 

IN-SPIS'SATE, a. Thick. Greenhill. 

ir^-SPIS'S A-TED, pp. Thickened, as a liquor. 

IN-SPIS'SA-TING, ppr. Thickening, as a liquor. 

IN-SPIS-Sa'TION, n. The act or operation of rendering a 
fluid substance thicker by evaporation, &c. 

IN-ST A-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. ivstabilite ; L. instahilitas .] 1. 
Want of stability 3 want of firmness in purpose 3 incon- 
stancy 5 fickleness 3 mutability of opinion or conduct. 2. 
Changeableness 3 mutability. 

IN-STa'BLE, a. [L. instabilis.] 1. Inconstant 5 prone to 
change or recede from a purpose 3 mutable. 2. Not 
steady or fixed 3 changeable. See Unstable. 

IN-ST a'BLE-NESS, 71. Unstableness 3 instability. 

IN-STALL', V. t. [Fr. installer.'] To set, place or instate, 
in an office, rank or order 3 to invest with any charge, 
office or rank, with the customary ceremonies. 

IN-ST ALL-a'TION, 71. The act of giving possession of an 
office, rank or order, with the customary ceremonies. 

IN-ST ALL'ED, (in-stawld') pp. Placed in a seat, office or 
order. 

IN-STALL'ING, ppr. Placing in a seat, office or order. 

IN-STALL'MENT, n. 1. The act of installing, or giving 
possession of an office with the usual ceremonies or so- 
lemnities. 2. The seat in which one is placed. — 3. In 
commerce^ a part of a large sum of money paid or to be 
paid at a particular period. 

IN'STANCE,7i. [Fr.] 1. Urgency 3 a pressing 3 solicitation 3 
importunity 3 application. 2. Example 3 a case occurring 3 
a case offered. 3. Time 3 occasion 3 occurrence. 4. Mo- 
tive 3 influence 3 [o^>5.] 5. Process of a suit 3 [o&s.] 

IN'STANCE, V. i. To give or offer an example or case. 


TM/arp mention as an example or case. 

A lii proof or as an example. 

^ AIN 1 , a. [rr., from L. in.stawA‘.] 1. Pressing , urgent 4 
importunate 3 earnest. 2. Immediate 5 without inter- 
vening tune 3 present. 3. Quick ; making no delay. 4. 

as, on the tenth of July instant. 

Ij\ tel an 1, 71. 1. A point in duration 3 a moment ; a part 
of duration in which we perceive no succession, or a part 
that occupies the time of a single thought. 2. A particu- 
lar time. 


IN-STAN-TA-NeT-TY, 71. Unpremeditated production. 

IN-ST AN-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [Fr. instantane.] Done in an in- 
stant 3 occurring or acting without any perceptible succes- 
sion 3 very speedily. 

IN-ST AN-Ta'NE-OUS-LY, adv. In an instant 3 in a mo- 
ment 3 in an indivisible point of duration. 

IN-ST AN-Ta'NE-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being done 
in an instant. 


t IN'STAN-TA-N Y, a. Formerly used for instantaneous. 

IN-ST ANT'ER, adv. [L.] In Zaie, immediately 3 at the 
present time 3 without delay. 

IN'STANT-LY, adv. 1. Immediately 3 witliout any inter- 
vening time 3 at the moment. 2. VVith urgent importu- 
nity. 3. With diligence and earnestness. 

IN-STaR', V. t. [m and star.] To set or adorn with stars, 
or with brilliants. J. Barlow. 

IN-STaTE', 77. L [in and state.] 1. To set or place 3 to 
establish, as in a rank or condition. South. 2. To invest 3 
[oZ)i>.] 

IN-STAT'ED, pp. Set or placed. 

IN-STaT'ING, ppr. Setting or placing. 

IN-STAU'RATE, f . f. \)^. instauro.] To reform 3 to repair. 
Smith. 

IN-ST AU-Ra'TION, n. ['L.instauratio.] Renewal 3 repair 3 
re-establishment 3 the restoration of a thing. 

IN-STAU-RA'TOR, w. One who renews or restores to a 
former condition. More. 

IN-STEAD', (in-sted') adv. [in and stead.] In the place or 
room of. 

IN-STEEP', V. t. 1. To steep or soak 3 to drench 3 to macer- 
ate in moisture. Shak. 2. To keep under or in water. 

IN-STEEP'ED, (in-steept') pp. Steeped 3 soaked 3 drench- 
ed 3 lying under water. 

IN-STEEP'ING, ppr. Steeping 3 soaking. 

IN'STEP, 71. 1. The mstep of the human foot is the fore 
part of the upper side of the foot near its junction with 
the leg. 2. The instep of a horse is that part of the hind 
leg, which reaches from the ham to the pastern-joint. 

IN'STI-GATE, 77. t. [L. instigo.] To incite 3 to set on 3 to 
provoke 3 to urge. 

IN'STI-GA-TED, pp. Incited or persuaded, as to evil. 

IN'STI-GA-TING, ppr. Inciting 3 tempting to evil. 

IN-ST I-Ga'TION, 71. 1. Incitement, as to evil or wicked- 
ness 3 the act of encouraging to commit a crime or some 
evil act. 2. Temptation 3 impulse to evil. 

IN'STI-GA-TOR, n. 1. One who incites another to an evil 
act 3 a tempter. 2. That which incites 3 that which 
moves pereons to commit wickedness. 

IN-STILL', 77. t. [L. instillo.] 1. To infuse by drops. Mil- 
ton. 2. To infuse slowly, or by small quantities. 

IN-STIL-La'TION, 71. [ 1 ,. instillatio.] 1. The act of infus- 
ing by drops or by small quantities. 2. The act rf infus- 
ing slowly into the mind. 3. That which is instilled or 
infused. 

IN-STILL'ED, (in-stild') pp. Infused by drops or by slow 

jj0or 

IN-STILL'ER, :i. He that instills. 

IN-STILL'ING, ppr. Infusing by drops or by slow de- 
grees. 

IN-STILL'MENT, v. Any thing instilled. Shak. 

t IN-STIM'U-LATE, v. t. To stimulate ^ to excite. 

IN-STIM'U-LA-TING, Not stimulating. Cheyne. 

IN-STIM-U-La'TION, 71. [ill and stimulation.] The act of 
stimulating, inciting or urging forward. 

f IN-STINGT', a. [L. instinctus.] Moved 3 animated 3 ex- 
cited 3 as, instinct with spirit. Milton. 

IN'STINGT, 71. [Fr., from L. instinctus.] A certain power 
or disposition of mind, by which, independent of all in- 
struction or experience, animals are unerringly directed 
to do spontaneously whatever is necessary for the preser- 
vation of the individual, or the continuation of the kind. 

IN-STINGT'ED, a. Impressed. [Little used.] Bentley. 

t IN-STING'TION, 71. Instinct. FAyot. 

IN-STIN€T'IVE, a. Prompted by instinct 3 sporitaneous 3 
acting without reasoning, deliberation, instruction or ex- 
perience 3 determined by natural impulse or propensity. 

IN-STIN€T'IVE-LY, TuZr. By force of instinct 3 without 
instruction or experience 3 by natural impulse. 

IN'STI-TUTE, 77. t. [L. instituo.] 1. To esUffilish 3 to ap- 
point 3 to enact 3 to form and prescribe. 2. To 5 fo 

originate and establish. 3. To ground or establish in 
principles 5 to educate 3 to instruct. 4. lo begin 5 to com- 
mence 5 to set in operation. 5. To invest with the spirit- 
ual part of a benefice or the care of souls. 


* See Synopsu!. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE 3— BULL, UNITE.~€ as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


INS 


458 


INS 


tN'^STI-TUTE, n. [L. institutum.] 1. Established law ; 
settled order. 2. rrecept ; maxim ; principle. 3. A book 
of elements or principles j particular Ly^ a work containing 
the principles (»f the Roman law. — 4. in Scots law, when 
a number of persons in succession hold an estate in tail, 
the first is called the institute, the others substitutes. 

IN'bTl-TU-TfclD, pp. Established; appointed; founded; 
enacted ; invested with the care of souls. 

IN'bTi-TU-'l’lIS’G, ppr. Establishing; founding; enacting; 
investing with the care of souls. 

IN-t5Tl-Tu'T10N, n. [L. institutio.'\ 1. The act of estab- 
lishing. 2. Establishment ; that which is appointed, pre- 
scribed or founded by authority, and intended to be per- 
manent. 3. A system, plan or society established, either 
by law or by the authority of individuals, for luomoting 
any object, public or social. 4. A system of the elements 
or rules of any art or science. 5. Education; instruction. 
6. The act or ceremony of investing a clerk with the 
spiritual part of a benefice. 

IN-STl-Tu'TlON-AL, a. Enjoined ; instituted by author- 
ity. 

IN-STI-Tu'TION-A-RY, a. Elemental ; containing the 
first principles or doctrines. Broion. 

IN'bTl-TU-TlST, n. A writer of institutes or elementary 
rules and instructions. Harvey. 

HN'bTI-TU-TI VE, a. 1. That establishes; having power 
to establish. 2. Established ; depending on institution. 

IN^STl-TU-TOll, 71. [L.J 1. The person who establishes ; 
one who enacts laws, rites and ceremonies. 2. The per- 
son who founds an order, sect, society or scheme. 3. An 
instructor ; one who educates. 

XN-STOP', V. t,_To stop ; to close ; to make fast. [/>. 7t.] 

IN-STRAT^I-FIED, a. Stratified within something else. 

IN-STRUGT', V. t. [h. instrtw, instructum.] 1. To teach ; 
to inform the mind ; to educate ; to impart knowledge to 
one who was destitute of it. 2. To direct ; to enjoin ; to 
persuade or admonish. 3. To direct or command ; to fur- 
nish with orders. 4. To inform ; to advise or give notice 
to. 5. To model ; to form ; to prepare ; [not used.'] 

IN-STRUGT'ED, pp. Taught ; informed ; trained up ; edu- 
cated. 

XN-S3'RU€T'I-BLE, a. Able to instruct. [III.] Bacon. 

IN-STRU€TTNG, ppr. Teaching ; informing the mind ; 
directing. 

1N-STRU€'TI0N, 71. [L. t7?5t7*ucfio.] 1. The act of teach- 
ing or informing the understanding in that of which it 
was before ignorant ; information. 2. Precepts convey- 
ing knowledge. 3. Direction ; order ; command ; man- 
date. 

IN-STRUGTTVE, a. [Sp. instructivo ; Fr. instrvctif.] Con- 
veying knowledge ; serving to instruct or inform. 

IN-STRU€T'IVE-LY, c.dv. So as to afford instruction. 

IN-S'J'RU€TTVE-NESS, n. Power of instructing. 

IN-STRUGT'OR, n. 1. A teacher; a person who imparts 
knowledge to another by precept or information. 2. The 
.preceptor of a school or seminary of learning ; any pro- 
fessional man who teaches the principles of his profession. 

IN-STRUCT'RESS, n. A female who instructs ; a precep- 
tress ; a tutoress. 

IN'STRU-MENT, 71. [^.instrumcntu7n.] 1. A tool ; that by 
which work is performed or any thing is effected. 2. 
That which is subservient to the execution of a plan or 
purpose, or to the production of any effect ; means used 
or contributing to an effect. 3. An artificial machine or 
body constructed for yielding harmonious sounds. — 4. In 
law, a writing containing the terms of a contract, as a 
deed of conveyance, a grant, a patent, an indenture, &c. 
5. A person who acts for another. 

IN-STRU-MENT'AL, a. ]. Conducive as an instrument or 
means to some end ; contributing aid ; serving to promote 
or effect an object; helpful. 2. Pertaining to instru- 
ments ; made by instruments. 

IN-STRLJ-MENT-AL'I-TY, n. Subordinate or auxiliary 
agency ; agency of any thing as means to an end. 

IN-STRU-MENT^AL-LY, adv. 1. By way of an instru- 
ment ; in the nature of an instrument ; as means to an 
end. 2. With instruments of music. 

IN-STRU-MENT'AL-NESS, n. Usefulness, as of means to 
an end ; instrumentality. Hammond. 

t IN-STYLE', V. t. To call ; to denominate. Crashaw. 

IN-SUAVT-TY, 71. [L. insuavitas.] Unpleasantness. 

IN-SUB-JEC'TION, n. State of uisobedience to govern- 
ment. 

IN-SUB-MtS'SION, 71. Defect of submission ; disobedience. 

IN-SUB-ORDT-NATE, a. Not submitting to authority. 

IN-SUB-OR-DI-Na'TION, 77. Want of subordination ; dis- 
order ; disobedience to lawful authority. 

IN-SUB-STAN'TIAL, a. Unsubstantial ; not real. Shak. 

IN-SU€-€a'TION, 77. [L. hrsitcco.] The act of soaking or 
moistening ; maceration; solution in the juice of herbs. 

IN-SUF'FER-A-BLE, a. 1. Intolerable; that cannot be 
borne or endured. 2. That cannot be permitted or toler- 
ated. 3. Detestable; contemptible; disgusting beyond 
endurance. 


IN-SUF'FER-A-BLY, adv. To a degree beyond endurance, 

IN-SUF-FP'CIEN-CY, 77. 1. Inadequateness ; want of sulfi- 
ciency ; deficiency. 2. Inadequacy of power or skill ; 
inability ; incapacity ; incompetency. 3. V\ ant of the 
requisite strength, value or force ; defect. 

IN-teUF-FI"CIENT, a. 1. Not sufficient ; inadequate to any 
need, use or purpose. 2. Wanting in strength, power, 
ability or skill ; incapable ; unfit. 

IN-SUF-FP'GIENT-LY, ado. W’ith want of sufficiency; 
with want of proper ability or skill ; inadequately. 

IN-SUF-FLa'TiON, 77. 1. 'J’he act of breathing on. 2. 
The act of blowing a substance into a cavity of the 
body. 

IN-fciUlT'A-BLE, a. Unsuitable. [^Little used.] Burnet. 
JN'isU-LAR, G. [Li. insularis.] Belonging to an isle ; sur- 
rounded by water. 

* IN'fc?U-LAR, 77. One who dwells in an isle. Berkeley. 

* IN-SU-LAR'1-TY, n. The situation of an island, or state 
of being an island. Pickering’s Vocabulary. 

* IN'iSU-LAR-Y, a. The same as insular. 

*IN'SU-LATE, V. t. [L. insula.] 1. To place in a detached 

sanation, or in a state to have no communication wuth 
surrounding objects. — 2. In architecture, to set a column 
alone or not contiguous to a wall. — 3. in electrical experi- 
ments, to place on a non-conducting substance, or in a 
situation to prevent communication with the earth. 4. 
To make an isle ; [Uttle xised.] 

* IN'SU-LA-TED, pp. or a. Standing by itself ; not being 
contiguous to other bodies. 

*IN'SU-LA-TING, ppr. Setting in a detached position. 

* IN-SU-La'TION, 77. 1. The act of insulating ; the state of 
being detached from other objects. — 2. In electrical exper- 
iments, that state in which the communication of elec- 
trical fluid is prevented by the interposition of an electric 
body. 

IN'»U-L A-TOR, 77. In electrical experiments, the substance 
or body that insulates, or interrupts the communication of 
electricity to surrounding objects ; a non-conductor or 
electric. 

t IN-SULSE', (in-suls') G. [L. Dull; insipid. 

t IN-SUL£'1-TY, 77. Stupidity. Cockeram. 

IN'SULT, 77. [Fr. insulte ; L. insultus.] 1. The act of leap- 
ing on; [l.u.] 2. Any gross abuse offered to another, 
either by words or actions ; act or speech of insolence or 
contempt. 

IN-SULT', V. t. [Fr. insulter ; L. insulto.] To treat with 
gross abuse, insolence or contempt, by words or actions. — 
To insult over, to triumph over w’ith insolence. 

IN-SULT', V. i. To behave with insolent triumph. 

IN-SULT-a'TION, 77. The act of insulting ; abusive treat- 
ment. 

IN-SULT'ED, pp. Abused or treated with insolence. 

IN-SULT'ER, 77. One who insults. Rowe. 

IN-SULT'ING, ppr. Treating with insolence or contempt. 

IN-SULT'ING-LY, adv. With insolent contempt; with 
contemptuous triumph. Dryden. 

flN-SuME', v.t. [L. 7775tt777G.l To take iu. Evelyn. 

IN-SU-PER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being insuper- 
able. 

IN-SXJ'PER-A-BLE, a. [L. insup erabilis.] 1. That cannot 
be overcome or surmounted ; insurmountable. 2. That 
cannot be passed over. 

IN-SU'PER-A-BLE-N£SS, n. The quality of being insuper- 
able or insurmountable. 

IN-Su'PER-A-BLY, ado. In a manner or degree not to be 
overcome ; insurmountablv. Grew. 

IN-SUP-P6RT'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That cannot be support- 
ed or borne. 2. That cannot be borne or endured; insuf- 
ferable ; intolerable. 

IN-SUF-PORT'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being in- 
supportable ; insufferableness. 

IN-SUP-PoRT'A-BLY, ado. In a manner or degree that 
cannot be supported or endured. Dryden. 

IN-SUP-PRESS‘I-BLE, a. Not to be suppressed. 

IN-SUP-PRESS'IVE, a. Not to be suppressed. Shak. 

IN-SuR'A-BLE, (in-shur'a-bl) a. That may be insured 
against loss or damage ; proper to be insured. 

IN-£uR'ANCE, (in-shur'ans) n. 1. The act of insuring or 
assuring against loss or damage ; or a contract by which 
one engages for a stipulated consideration or premium per 
cent, to make up a loss w^hich another may sustain. 2. 
The premium paid for insuring property or life. — Insur- 
ance company, a company or corporation whose business 
is to insure against loss or damage. 

t IN-SuR'AN-CER, n. An underwriter. 

IN-SuRE', (in-shure') v. t. To make sure or secure ; to con- 
tract or covenant for a consideration to secure a person 
agamst loss. 

IN-SuRE', v. i. To underwrite ; to practice making insur- 
ance. 

IN-SgR'ED, (in-shurd') pp. Made sure ; assured ; secured 
against loss. 

IN-SuR'ER, (in-shur'er) 7t. One wdio insures ; an under- 
writer. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, 0, Y, Zon^.— FAR, FALL, WH^T PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete 


INT 


459 


IN-SUR6'ENT, a. [L. insurffens.] Rising in opposition to 
lawful civil or political autliority. Stephens. 

IN-SCJKO'ENT, n. A person who rises in opposition to civil 
or political authority , one who openly and actively resists 
the execution of laws. An insurgent differs from a rebel. 
The insurgent opposes the execution of a particular law 
or laws ; the rebel attempts to overthrow or change the 
government, or he revolts and attempts to place his coun- 
try under another jurisdiction. All rebels are insurgents^ 
but all insurgents are not rebels. 

IN-SCUl'ING, (in-shurMng) ppr. Making secure j assuring 
against loss ; engaging to indemnify for losses. 

IN-tfUR-MOUNT'A-BLE, a. [Fr. insurmontable.] 1. Insu- 
perable ; that cannot be surmounted or overcome. 2. Not 
to be surmounted ; not to be passed by ascending. 

IN-SUR-MOUNT^A-BLY, adc. In a manner or degree not 
to be overcome. 

IN-SUR-llEG'TlON, n. [L. insurgo.] 1. A rising against 
civil or political authority ; the open and active opposition 
of a number of persons to the execution of law in a city or 
state. It is equivalent to sedition, except that sedition ex- 
presses a less extensive rising of citizens. It differs from 
rebellion, for the latter expresses a revolt, or an attempt to 
overthrow the government, to establish a different one, or 
to place the country under another jurisdiction. It differs 
from mutiny, as it respects the civil or political govern- 
ment ; whereas a mutiny is an open opposition to law in 
the army or navy. 2. A rising in mass to oppose an en- 
emy ; [little used.] 

IN-SLJR-REE^TION-AL, a. Pertaining to insurrection j 
consisting in insurrection. Ajner. Review. 

IN-S(lR-REC'TION-A-RY, a. Pertaining or suitable to in- 
surrection. Burke. 

IN-SUS-CEP-TI-BIL'I-TY, n. Vv^ant of susceptibility, or 
capacity to feel or perceive. Med. Repos. 

IN-SUS-CEPTT-BLE, a. 1. Not susceptible ; not capable 
of being moved, affected or impressed. 2. Not capable of 
receiving or admitting. 

1N-SUS-UR-Ra^TION, 11 . [L. insusurro.] The act of whis- 
pering into something. 

IN-TAET'A-BLE, a. [L. intactum.] Not perceptible to the 
touch. Diet. 

IN-TAGL'IA-TED, (in-tal'ya-ted) a. Engraved or stamped 
on. Warton. 

IN-TAGL'IO, (in-tal'yo) n. [It.] Any thing engraved, or a 
precious stone with a head or an inscription engraved on it. 

IN-TANG'I-BEE, a. 1. That cannot or may not be touched. 

2. ,Not perceptible to the touch. 

IN-TANGT-BLE-NESS, { n. The quality of being intangi- 

IN-TANG-I-BIL'I-TY, \ ble. 

IN-TaST'A-BLE, a. That cannot be tasted ; that cannot 
affect the organs of taste. Gre w. 

1N'TE-GER,7i. [L.] The whole of any thing ; particularly, 
in arithmetic, a whole number, in contradistinction to a 
fraction. 

IN'TE-GRAL, a. [Fr.] 1. "Whole; entire. 2. Making part 
of a whole, or necessary to make a whole. 3. Not frac- 
tional. 4. Uninjured ; complete ; not defective. 

IN'TE-GRAL, n. A whole ; an entire thing. 

t IN-TE-GRAL'I-TY, 71. Entireness. Whitaker. 

IN'TE-GRAL-LY, adv. Wholly ; completely. Whitaker. 

IN'TE-GRANT, a. Making part of a whole ; necessary to 
constitute an entire thing. Burke. 

IN'TE-GRATE, v.t. [~L. integro.] To renew ; to restore ; 
to perfect ; to make a thing entire. South. 

IN'TE-GRA-TED, pp. Made entire. 

IN-TE-GRa'TION, n. The act of making entire. 

IN-TEG'RI-TY, 71. [Fr. mte^rite L. mte/jrita5.] 1 Whole- 
ness ; entireness ; unbroken state. 2. The entire, unim- 
paired state of any thing, particularly of the mind ; moral 
soundness or purity ; incorruptness ; uprightness ; hon- 
esty. 3. Purity ; genuine, unadulterated, unimpaired state. 

IN-TEG-U-Ma'TION, 71. [L. intego.] That part of physiol- 
ogy, which treats of the integuments of animals and 
plants. 

IN-TEG'U-MENT, 71. [L. integumentum.] That which 
naturally invests or covers another thing. 

IN'TEL-LE€T, n. [Fr., from L. intellectus.] That faculty 
of the human soul or mind, which receives or compre- 
hends the ideas communicated to it by the senses or by 
perception, or by other means; the faculty of thinking; 
the understanding. 

IN-TEL-LE€'TION, n. [L. intellectio.] The act of under- 
standing ; simple apprehension of ideas. Bentley. 

IN-TEL-LEGT'IVE, a. [Fx. intellectif.] 1. Having power 
to understand. Olanville. 2. Produced by the under- 
standing. 3. To be perceived by the understanding, not 
by the senses. 

IN-TEL-LE€TTT-AL, a. [Fr. intellectuel.] 1. Relating to 
the intellect or understanding ; belonging to the mind ; 
performed by the understanding ; mental. 2. Ideal; per- 
ceived by the intellect ; existing in the understanding. 

3. Having the power of understanding. 4. Relating to 
the understanding ; treating of the mind. 


INT 


”• ” unde«tan<!ii, 0 , 

UN - PEL-LEG 1 'U-AL-IST, 71. One who overrates the un- 
derstanding. Bacon. 

flN-TEL-LEGT-U-AL'I-TY, n. The state of intellectual 
power. Uallyicell. 

IN-TEL-LEGU'U-AL-LY, adv. By means of the under- 
standing. 

IN-TEL'LI GENCE, n. [L. intelligcntia.] 1. Understand- 
ing ; skill. 2. Notice ; information communicated • an 
account of things distant or before unknown. 3. (’om- 
merce of acquaintance ; terms of intercour&e. 4. A spir- 
itual being. 

IN-TEL'LI-GENCE, V. t. To inform ; to instruct. [L. u.} 

IN-TEL'Ll-GENCED, pp. Informed; instructed. \ L. u.\ 

IN-TEL'LI-GENCE-OFT'ICE, n. An office or place where 
information may be obtained. 

IN-TEL'LJ-GEN-CER, n. One who sends or conveys intel- 
ligence ; a messenger. Addison. 2. A public paper ; a 
newspaper. 

IN-TEL'Li-GEN-CING, ppr. or a. Giving or conveying no- 
tice to from a distance. 


IN-TEL'LI-GENT, a. [L. intelligens.] 1 . Endowed with 
the faculty of understanding or reason. 2. Knowing; 
understanding; well informed; skilled. 3. Giving in- 
formation ; [ 065 .] Shale. 

IN-TEL-Ll-GEN'TIAL, a. 1 . Consisting of unbodied mind, 

2. Intellectual ; exercising understanding. Milton. 
IN-TEL-LI-GI-BIL'I-TY, )n. The quality or state of 
IN-TEL'LI-Gl-iiLE-NESS, ^ being intelligible ; the pos- 
sibility of being understood. Tooke. 

IN-TEL'Ll-Gl-BLE, a. [L. intelligibilis .] That may be 
understood or comprehended. 

IN-TEL'LI-Gl-BLY, adv. In a manner to be understood ; 
clearly ; plainly. 

t IN-TEM'ER-ATE, a. [Ij.intemeratus.] Pure; undefiled, 
t LN^-TEM'ER-ATE-NESS, n. State of being unpolluted. 
IN-TEM'PER-A-MENT, n. A bad state or constitution. 
IN-TEMTER-ANCE, 11. [Fr. ; L. intemp erantia.] 1 . In a 
^eneraZ sense, want of moderation or due restraint; ex- 
cess in any kind of action or indulgence. 2. Habitual in- 
dulgence in drinking spirituous liquors, with or without 
intoxication. L. Beecher. 

IN-TEM'PER-ATE, a. [L. intemp eratus .] 1. Not moderate 
or restrained within due limits ; indulging to excess any 
appetite or passion, either habitually or in a particular 
instance ; immoderate in enjoyment or exertion. 2. Ad- 
dicted to an excessive or habitual use of spirituous liquors. 

3. Passionate ; ungovernable. 4. Excessive ; exceeding 
the convenient mean or degree. 

t IN-TEM'PER-ATE, v. t. To disorder. Whitaker. 
IN-TEM'PER-ATE-LY, adv. With excessive indulgence 
of appetite or passion ; with undue exertion ; immoder- 
ately ; excessively. 

IN-TEM'PER-ATE:-NESS, 71. 1 . W^ant of moderation ; ex- 
cessive degree of indulgence. 2. Immoderate degree of 
any quality in the weather, as in cold, heat or storms. 
IN-TEM'PER-A-TURE, a. Excess of some quality, 
t IN-TEM-PEST'IVE, a. [L. intern pestivus.] Untimely, 
t IN-TEM-PEST'IVE-LY, adv. Unseasonably, 
t IN-TEM-PES-TIV'I-TY, n. Untimeliness. 
IN-TEN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be held or maintained; 

that is not defensible. Warburton. 

IN-TEND', V. t. [L. intendo.] 1. To stretch ; to strain ; to 
extend ; to distend. 2. To mean ; to design ; to purpose, 
that is, to stretch or set forw’ard in mind. 3. To regard ; 
to fix the mind on ; to attend ; to take care of; [oZ>6’.] 4. 
To enforce ; to make intense. Brown. 

IN-TEND' ANT, n. [Fr.] 1. One who has the charge, over- 
sight, direction or management of some public business. 
2. In Charleston, South Carolina, the mayor or chief mu- 
nicipal officer of the city. 

IN-TEND'ED, pp. 1. Designed; purposed. 2. Stretched; 
made intense ; [little used.] 

IN-TEND'ED-LY, adv. With intention or purpose ; by de- 
sign. Milton. 

IN-TEND'ER, n. One who intends, 
t IN-TEND'I-MENT, n. Attention ; understanding. 
IN-TEND'ING, ppr. 1. Meaning ; designing ; purposing. 

2. Stretching ; distending ; [little used!] 
IN-TEND'MENT, n. [Fr. entendement.] Intention ; de- 
sign ; in law, the true meaning of a person or of a law, or 
of any legal instrument. 

IN-TEN'ER-ATE, v. t. To make tender ; to soften. 
IN-TEN'ER-A-TED, pp. Made tender or soft. 
IN-TEN'ER-A-TING, ppr. Making tender. 
IN-TEN-ER-a'TION, 71. 'ihe act of making soft or ten- 
der. 

t IN-TEN'I-BLE, a. [m and ienible.] That cannot hold. 
Shak. 

IN-TENSE', (in-tens') a. [L. intensus.] 1. Literally, strain- 
ed, stretched ; hence, very close, strict, as when the 
mind is fixed or bent on a particular subject. 2. Raised 
to a high degree ; violent ; vehement. 3. Very severe or 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE ByLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TII as in this, f Obsolete. 


INT 


460 


INT 


keen. 4. Vehement ; ardent. 5. Extreme in degree. 
6. Kept on the stretch ; anxiously attentive. 

1N-TEj\SE'LY, (in-tens'ly) adv. 1. To an extreme de- 
gree ; vehemently. 2. Attentively ; earnestly. 

IN-TENSE'i\ESS, (in-tens'nes) n. 1. The state of being 
strained or stretched ; intensity. 2. The state of being 
rc-sed or concentrated to a great degree ; extreme vio- 
lence. 3. Extreme closeness. 

IN-TEN'SION, n. [L. intensio.'] 1. A straining, stretching 
or bending; the state of being strained. 2. Increase of 
power or energy of any quality. 

IJS-TENS'1-TY, n. [Fr. intcnsite.'] 1. The state of being 
strained or stretched ; intenseness, as of a musical chord. 
2. The state of being raised to a great degree ; extreme 
violence. 3. Extreme closeness. 4. Excess ; extreme 
degree. 

IN-TENSTVE, a. 1. Stretched, or admitting of extension. 
2 Intent ; unreniitted ; assiduous. 3. Serving to give 
force or emphasis. 

IN-TEi\S'[VE-LY, adv. By increase of degree; in a man- 
ner to give force. Bramhall. 

IN-TENT', a. [L. intentus.] Literally^ having the mind 
strained or bent on an object; hence, fixed closely; sedu- 
lously applied ; eager in pursuit of an object ; anxiously 
diligent. 

IN-TENT', n. Literally^ the stretching of the mind to- 
wards an object ; hence, a design ; a purpose ; intention ; 
meaning; drift; aim. — To all intents^ in all senses; 
whatever may be designed. 

IN-TEN'TION, 11 . [Li. intentio.'] 1. Priwan7y, a stretching 
or bending of the mind towards an object ; hence, un- 
common exertion of the intellectual faculties ; closeness 
of application ; fixedness of attention ; earnestness. 2. 
Design ; purpose ; the fixed direction of the mind to a 
particular object, or a determination to act in a particular 
manner. 3. End or aim ; the object to be accomplished. 
4. The state of being strained. 

IN-TEN'TION-AL, a. Intended ; designed ; done with 
design. 

IN-TEN'TION-AL-LY, adv. By design ; of purpose ; not 
casually. 

IN-TEN'TIONED, in composition ; as, well-intentioned^ 
having good designs ; ill-intentioned, having ill designs. 

IN-TENT' I VE, a. Attentive ; having the mind closely ap- 
plied. Bacon. 

IN-TENT'IVE-LY, adv. Closely ; with close application. 

IN-TENT'IVE-NESS, n. Closeness of attention. 

IN-TENT'LY, adv. With close attention or application ; 
with eagerness or earnestness. 

IN-TENT'NESS, n. The state of being intent; close appli- 
cation ; constant employment of the mind. 

IN'TER, a Latin preposition, signifying among or between ; 
used as a prefix. 

IN-TER', V. t. [Fr. enterrer.'] 1. To bury ; to deposit and 
cover in the earth. 2. To cover with earth. 

IN'TER-ACT, n. \inter and act.] Intermediate employ- 
ment or time ; a short piece between others. 

IN-TER-AM'NI-AN, a. [L. inter and amnis.] Situated be- 
tween rivers. Bryant. 

IN-TER'AN'I-MATE, v. t. To animate mutually. [Z-ittZc 

1 

t IN-TER-BAS-Ta'TION, n. [Sp. hastear.'] Patch-work. 

IN-TER'CA-LAR, )a. \L.intercalarins.~\ Inserted; an 

^ IN-TER'CA-LA-RY, i epithet given to the odd day in- 
serted in leap year. 

* IN'TER-€AL-ATE, or IN-TER'€AL-ATE, v. t. [L. in- 
tercalo.] To insert an extraordinary day or other portion 
of time. 

* IN'TER-€AL-A-TED, or IN-TER'CAL-A-TED, pp. In- 
S0rt6d • 

* IN'TER-€AL-A-TING, or IN-TER'€AL-A-TING, ppr. 
Inserting. 

IN-TER-CAL-a'TION, n. [L. intercalatio.] The insertion 
of aq odd or extraordinary day in the calendar. 

IN-TER-CeDE', v. i. [L. intercedo.] 1. To pass between. 
2. To mediate ; to interpose ; to make intercession ; to 
act between parties with a view to reconcile those who 
differ or contend. 3. To plead in favor of one. 

IN-TER-CeD'ENT, a. Passing between ; mediating ; 
pleading _for. 

IN-TER-CeD'ER, n. One who intercedes or interposes be- 
tween parties, to e^ect a reconciliation ; a mediator ; an 
intercessor. 

IN-TER-CeD'ING, ppr. Mediating ; pleading. 

IN-TER-CEPT', V. t. [Fr. intercepter.] 1. To take or seize 
on by the way ; to stop on its passage. 2. To obstruct ; 
to stop in progress. 3. To* stop, as a course or passing 

4. To interrupt communication with, or progress towards. 

5. To take, include or comprehend between. 

IN-TER-CEPT'ED, pp. Taken on the way ; seized in pro- 
gress ; stopped. 

IN-TER-CEPT'ER, n. One who intercepts. 

IN-TER-CEPT'ING, ppr. Seizing on its passage ; hinder- 
ing from proceeding ; comprehending between. 


IN-TER-CEP'TION, n. The act of seizing something on 
its passage ; a stopping ; obstruction of a course or pro- 
ceeding ; hinderance. 

iN-'I'ER-CES'SiON, n. [L. intercessio.] The act of inter- 
ceding ; mediation ; interposition between parties at va- 
riance, with a view to reconciliation ; prayer or solicita- 
tion to one party in favor of another, sometimes against 
another. 

t IN-TER-CES'SION-ATE, v. i. To entreat. A''ash. 

IN-'l’ER-CES'SOR, n. [L.j 1. A mediator ; one who in- 
terposes between parties at variance, with a view to rec- 
oncile them ; one who pleads in behalf of another. 2. A 
bishop who, during a vacancy of the see, administers the 
bishopric till a successor is elected. 

IN-TER-CES'SO-RY, a. Containing intercession ; inter- 
ceding. 

IN-TER-CHaIN', V. t. To chain ; to link together. 

Ii\-TER-CHAIN'ED, pp. Chained together. 

IN-1'ER-CHaIN'ING, ppr. Chaijiing or fastening together. 

IN-TER-CIIaNGE', V. t. 1. To j)ut each in the place of 
the other; to give and take mutually; to exchange ; to 
reciprocate. 2. To succeed alternately. 

IN'TER-CIIaNGE, n. 1. Mutual change, each giving and 
receiving; exchange; permutation of commodities; bar- 
ter. 2. Alternate succession ; as the interchange of light 
and darkness. 3. A mutual giving and receiving ; re- 
ciprocation. 

IN-TER-CHaNGE'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be interchang- 
ed ; that may be given and taken mutually. 2. Follow- 
ing each other in alternate succession. 

IN-TER-CHaNGE'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being 
interchangeable. 

IN-TER-CHaNGE'A-BLY, adv. Alternately ; by recipro- 
cation ; in a manner by which each gives and receives. 

IN-TER-CHaNG'ED, (in-ter-chanjd') pp. Mutually ex- 
changed ; reciprocated. 

IN-TER-CHaNGE'3IENT, n. Exchange; mutual transfer. 
\ Little used.'] Shale. 

IN-TER-CHaNG'ING, ppr. Mutually giving and receiving; 
taking each other’s place successively ; reciprocating. 

IN-TER-CI'DENT, a. [L. intercido.] Falling or coming 
between. Boyle. 

IN-TER-CIP'I-'ENT, a. [L. intercipiens .] Intercepting ; 
seizing by the way; stopping. 

IN-TER-CIP'I-ENT, n. He or that which intercepts or 
stops on the passage. PFiseman. 

IN-TER-CIS'ION, n. [L. intercido.] Interruption. [L. u.] 

IN-TER-CLuDE', v. t. [li. intcrcludo .] 1. To shut from a 
place or course by something intervening ; to intercept. 
2. To cut off ; to interrupt. 

IN-TER-GLuD'ED, pp. Intercepted ; interrupted. 

IN-TER-€LuD'ING, ppr. Interrupting. 

IN-TER-€Lu'SION, n. Interception ; a stopping. 

IN-TER-€0-LUM-NI-a'TION, n. [L. inter and cclumna.] 
In architecture, the space between two columns. 

f IN-TER-G6ME', v. i. [inter and come.] To interpose ; to 
interfere. 

IN-TER-COM'MON, v. i. [inter and common.] 1. To feed 
at the same table. 2. To graze cattle in a common pas- 
ture ; to use a common with others. 

IN-TER-€OM'MON-ING, ppr. Feeding at the same table, 
or using a common pasture ; enjoying a common field 
with others. 

IN-TER-€OM-Mu'NI-€ATE, v. i. To communicate mu- 
tually ; to hold mutual communication. 

IN-TER-€OM-Mu-NI-€a' TION, n. Reciprocal communi- 
cation. 

IN-TER-€OM-MuN'ION, n. Mutual communion. Faber. 

IN-TER-€OM-Mu'NI-TY, n. A mutual communication or 
community. 

IN-TER-€0ST'AL, a. [Fr.] Lying between the ribs 

IN-TER-€OST'AL, n. A part lying between the ribs. 

IN'TER-GoLRSE, 7?. [L. 77hcrc7ir*’ws.] 1. Communication ; 
commerce ; connection by reciprocal dealings between 
persons or nations. 2. Silent communication or exchange. 

IN-TER-CUR', ^'.7. [lA.intercurro.] To intervene ; to come 
in the mean time. Shelton. 

IN-TER-CUR'RENCE, n. \L. intercurrens.] A passing or 
running between. Boyle. 

IN-TER-€UR'RENT, a. \L. intercurrens.] 1. Running be- 
tween or among. Boyle.- 2. Occurring ; intervening. 
Barrow. 

IN-TER-CU-TA'NE-OUS, a. Being within or under the 
skin. 

IN'TER-DeAL, n. Mutual dealing ; traffick. 

IN-TER-DICT', V. t. [L. intcrdico.] 1. To forbid ; to pro- 
hibit. 2. To forbid communion ; to cut off from the en- 
joyment of communion with a church. 

IN'TER-DICT, 77. \L. inter dictum.] 1. Prohibition; a pro- 
Jiibiting order or decree. 2. A papal prohibition by which 
the clergy are restrained from performing divine service ; 
a species of ecclesiastical censure. 3. A papal prohibition 
by which persons are restrained from attending divine 
service, or prevented from enjoying some privilege. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, 


long. — FAR, 


FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


INT 


461 


INT 


IN-TER-DI€T'ED, pp. Forbid ; prohibited. 

IN-TER-DICT'ING, ppr. Forbidding j prohibiting ; cutting 
off from the enjoyment of some privilege. 

IN-TER-DIG'TION, n. [L. interdictw.'\ The act of inter- 
dicting ; prohibition ; proliibiting decree ; curse. Milton. 

IN-TEK-Di€T'fVE, ai iriaving power to prohibit. 

IN-TER-Di€T'0-RY, a. Serving taproliibit. 

IN-TER-E-CiUl-NOC'Ti AL, a. [btter and equinox.^ Com- 
ing between the v’^ernal and autumnal equinoxes. 

f IN-TER-ESS', for interest. 

IN'TER-EST, v.t. [Fr. interesser.'\ ]. To concern; to 
affect ; to excite emotion or passion, usually in favor, but 
sometimes against a person or thing. 2. To give a share 
in. 3. To have a share. 4. To engage. — To interest 
ove^s self, is to take a share or concern in. 

■(•IN'TER-EST, V. i. To affect; to move; to touch with 
passion. 

IN'TER-EST, 71. 1. Concern; advantage; good. 2. In- 
fluence over others. 3. Share ; portion ; part ; participa- 
tion in value. 4. Regard to private profit. 5. Premium 
paid for the use of money. 6. Any surplus advantage. 

IN'TER-EST-ED, pp. 1. Made a sharer. 2. Affected ; 
moved ; having the passions excited. 3. a. Having an 
interest ; concerned in a ca\ise or in consequences ; liable 
to be affected. 

IN'TER-EST-ING, ppr. 1. Giving a share or concern. 2. 
Engaging the affections. 3. a. Engaging the attention or 
curiosity ]_ exciting emotions or passions. 

IN-TER-FeRE', V. i. [L. inter and /ere.] 1. To interpose ; 
to intermeddle ; to enter into or take a part in the con- 
cerns of others. 2. To clash ; to come in collision ; to be 
in opposition. 3. A horse is said to interfere, when one 
hoof or shoe strikes against the fetlock of the opposite leg, 
and break^s the skin or injures the flesh. 

IN-TER-FeR'ENCE, n. 1. Interposition ; an intermed- 
dling ; mediation. 2. A clashing or collision. 3. A strik- 
ing of one foot against the other. 

IN-TER-FeR'ING, ppr. 1. Interposing; meddling. 2. 
Clashing ; coming in collision. 3. Striking one foot 
against tlie fetlock of the opnosite leg. 

IN-TER-FeR'ING, n. Interference. Bp. Butler. 

IN-TER'FLU-ENT, ) a. [L. interjiuo.] Flowing between. 

IN-TER'FLU-OUS, i Bmjle. 

*N-TER-F0-LI-A'CE0US, a. [L. tH-icr and /oZm/w.] Being 
between opposite leaves, but placed alternately with 
them. 

IN-TER-Fo'LI-ATE, V. t. To interleave. Evelyn. 

IN-TER-FULG'ENT, a. [L. inter and fiilgens.'] Shining 
between. Johnson. 

IN-TER-FuS'ED, (in-ter-f uzd') a. [L. interfusus.] Poured 
or spread between. Milton. 

IN'TER-IM, n. [L.] The mean time ; time intervening. 

IN-Te'RI-OR, a. [L.] 1. Internal ; being within any 

limits, inclosure or substance ; inner; opposed to exterior. 
2. Ijiland ; remote from the limits, frontier or shore. 

IN-Te'RI-OR, n. I. The internal part of a thing; the in- 
side. 2. The inland part of a country, state or kingdom. 

IN-Te'RI-OR-LY, adv. Internally ; inwardly. Donne. 

IN-TER-Ja'CEN-CY, n. [L. interjacens.] 1. A lying be- 
tween ; a being between ; intervention. 2. That which 
lies between ; [little used.'] 

IN-TER-Ja'CENT, a. [\j. interjacens.] Lying or being be- 
tween ; intervening. Raleigh. 

IN-TER-JECT', V. t. [L. interjicio.] To throw between ; to 
throw in between other things ; to insert. 

t IN-TER-JECT', V. i. To come between ; to interpose. 
Sir G. Buck. 

IN-TER-JECT'ED, pp. Thrown in or inserted between. 

IN-TER-JECT'ING, ppr. Throwing or inserting between. 

IN-TER-JEC'TION, n. 1. The act of throwing between. 
2. A word in speaking or writing, thrown in betw’een 
words connected in construction, to express some emotion 
or passion. 

IN-TEll-,TEC'TION-AL, a. Thrown in between other 
words or phrases. Observer. 

IN-TER-JOIN', V. t. To join mutually; to intermarry. 
[Little used.] 

IN-TER-KNOWL'EDGE, n. Mutual knowledge. [L. w.] 

1N-TER-LaCE', V. t. [Fr. entrelacer.] To intermix ; to 
put or insert one thing with another. 

IN-TER-La'CED. (in-ter-last') pp. Intermixed; inserted 
between other things. 

IN-TER-La'CING, ppr. Intermixing ; inserting between. 

TN-TER-LAPSE', (in-ter-laps') n. The lapse or flow of time 
between two events. 

IN-TER-LA RD', V. t. [Fr. entrelarder.] 1. Primarily, to 
mix fat with lean ; hence, to interpose ; to insert between. 
2. To mix ; to diversify by mixture. Hale. 

IN-TER-LARD'ED, pp. Interposed ; inserted between ; 
mixed. 

IN-TER-LARD'ING, ppr. Inserting between ; intermix- 
ing. 

IN'TER-LeAF, 71. A leaf inserted between other leaves; a 
blank leaf inserted . Chesterfield. 


IN-TER-LeAVE', V. £. To insert a leaf ; to insert a blank 
T ® ^ book, between other leaves. 

IN- 1 ER-LEA V'ED, (in-ter-leevd') pp. Inserted between 
leaves, or having blank leaves inserted between other 
leaves. 


IN-l ER-LeAV'ING, ppr. Inserting blank leaves between 
other leaves. 

IN-1 ER-LINE', V. t. 1. 1o write in alternate lines. 2. To 
write between lines already written or printed. 


IN-TER-LIN'E-AR, 
IN-TER-LIN'E-A-RY 


a. Written between lines before 
, j written or printed. 

IN-TEIl-LIN'E-A-RY, n. A book having insertions be- 
tween the leaves. 

IN-TER-LIN-E-a'TION, n. [inter and lineation.] 1. The 
act of inserting words or lines between lines before writ- 
ten or printed. 2. The words, passage or line inserted 
between lines before written or printed. 

IN-TER-LlN'ED, (in-ter-lind') pp. 1. Written between 
lines. 2. Containing a line or lines written between 
lines. 

IN-TER-LIN'ING, ppr. Writing between lines already 
written or printed. 


IN-TER-LlN'ING, n. Correction or alteration by writing 
between the lines. Burnet. 

IN-TER-LINK', v. t. To connect by uniting links ; to join 
one chain to another. Dryden. 

IN-TER-LINK'ED, (in-ter-iinkt') pp. Connected by union 
of links ; joined. 

IN-TER-LINK'ING, ppr. Connecting by uniting links ; 
joining. 

IN-TER-LO-Ca'TION, 7j. a placing between ; interposi- 
tion. 


IN-TER-LO-Cu'TION, n. [L. interlocutio.] 1. Dialogue ; 
conference ; interchange of speech. — 2. In late, an inter- 
mediate act or decree before final decision. 

IN-TER-LOC'U-TOR, 71. [L. interloquor.] 1. One who 
speaks in dialogue ; a dialogist. — 2. In Scots law, an in- 
terlocutory judgment or sentence. 

IN-TER-LOC'LJ-TO-RY, a. [Fr. interlocutoire.] 1. Con- 
sisting of dialogue.-^2. In law, intermediate ; not final or 
definitive. 

IN-TER-LoPE', v.i. [inter, and D. loopen.] To run between 
parties, and intercept the advantage that one should gain 
from the other; to traflick without a proper license ; to 
forestall ; to prevent right. 

IN-TER-LoP'ER, 71. One who runs into business to which 
he has no right ; one wfito interferes wrongfully ; one who 
^ enters a (muntry or place to trade without license. 

IN-TER-LoP'ING, ppr. Interfering wrongfully. 

IN-TER-Lu'CATE, 7’. t. To let in light by cutting away 
branches of trees. 

IN-TER-LLI-Ca'TION, 71. The act of thinning a wood to 
let in light. Evehjn. 

IN-TER-Lu'CENT, a. [L. interhicens.] Shining between. 

IN'TER-LUDE, n‘. [L. inter and Indus.] An entertainment 
exhibited on the stage between the acts of a play, or be- 
tween the play and tlie afterpiece. In ancient tragedy, 
the chorus sung the interludes. 

IN'TER-LU-DER, n. One that performs in an interlude. 

IN-TER-Lu'EN-CY, n. [L. inter luens.] A llowing be- 
tween ; \vater interposed. [Little used.] Hale. 

IN-TER-Lu'NAR, ) a. [L. inter and luna.] Belonging to 

IN-TER-Lu'NA-RY, \ the time when the moon, at or 
near its conjunction with the sun, is invisible. Milton. 

IN-TER-MAR'RIAGE, (in-ter-mar ridje) n. Marriage be- 
tween two families, where each takes one and gives an- 
other. Addison. 

IN-TER-MAR'RIED, pp. Mutually connected by mar- 
riage. 

IN-TER-MAR'RY, V. i. 1. To marry one and give another 
in marriage, as two families. 2. To marry some of each 
order, family, tribe or nation with the other. 

IN-TER-MAR'R Y-ING, ppr. Mutually giving and receiv- 
ing in marriage ; mutually connecting by marriage. 

I IN-TER-MeAN, 71. [inter and 7nean.] Interact ; some- 
thing done in the mean time. Todd. 

f IN-fi'ER-ME-A'TION, 7i. A flowing between, 

IN-TER-MED'DLE, v.i. To meddle in the affairs of oth- 
ers ; to meddle officiously ; to interpose or interfere im- 
properly. 

f IN-TER-MED'DLE, v. t. To intermix ; to mingle. Spenser. 

IN-TER-MED'DLER, 7i. One that interposes officiously ; 
one who intermeddles. Swift. 

IN-TER-MED'DLING, ppr. Interposing officiously. 

IN-TER-MED'DLING, n. Officious interposition. 

IN-TER-Me'DI-A-CY, 71. Interposition ; intervention. 
[^Unauthoinzed.] 

IN-TER-M e'DI-AL, a. \'L. inter and medius.] Lying be- 
tween ; intervening; intervenient. Evelyii. 

IN-TER-Me'DI-A-RY, n. 1. Interposition ; intervention; 
[little MA’ctZ.] 2. Something interposed. 

IN-TER-Me'DI-ATE, a. [Fx. intermediat.] Lying or being 
in the middle place or degree between two extremes ; in- 
tervening ; interposed. 


* See S 7 jnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J. S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete, 


INT 465i INT 


t IN-TER-M£T)I-ATE, v, i. To intervene j to interpose, 
oir H, Skejre, 

IJ^-TER-Mk'DI-ATE, n. In chemistry, a substance which 
is Uie intermedium or means of chemical affinity. 

IN-TER-Mk'DI-ATE-LY, ado. By way of intervention. 

IJ'f-TER'ME-DI-A'TlON, n. Intervention ; common means. 

IN-TER-ME'D1-UM, n. 1. Intermediate space. Ash. 2. 
An intervening agent. Cowper. 

fllM-TER-MELL', v. t. or t. [Fr. entrcmiler.] To intermix 
or intermeddle. Fisher. 

IN-TER'MENT, n. The act of depositing a dead body in 
the earth j burial ; sepulture. 

t IN-TER-MEN'TION, v. t. To mention among other 
things. 

IN-TER-MI-Ca'TION, n. [L. intermico.] A shining be- 
tween or among. 

IN-TER-MI-GRa'TION, 71. Reciprocal migration j removal 
from one country to another. 

IN-TERM'I-NA-BLE, a. [L. in and terminus.] Boundless 3 
endless ; admitting no limit. 

f IN-TER.\FI-NA-BLE, 71. He whom no bound or limit can 
confine. 

IN-TERM' [-NA-BLE-NESS, n. State of being intermina- 
ble ; endlessness. 

IN-TERM'l-NATE, a. [L. intermmatus.] Unbounded ; un- 
limited ; endless. Chapman, 

IN-TERM'I-NATE, V. t. [L. interminor.] To menace. 

N-TERM-I-Na'TION, 71. [X. interminor.] A menace or 
threat. Hall. 

IN-TER-MIN’GLE. v. t. To mingle or mix together 5 to put 
some tilings with others. Hooker. 

IN-TER-MIN'GLE, v. i. To be mixed or incorporated. 

IN-TER-MIN'GLED, pp. Intermixed. Pope. 

IN-TER-MIN'GLING, ppr. Mingling or mixing together. 

IN-TER-MIS'SION, 71. [L. intermissio.] 1. Cessation for 
a time; pause; intermediate stop. 2. Intervenient time. 
3. The temporary cessation or subsidence of a fever ; the 
space of time between the paroxysms of a disease. Inter- 
mission is an entire cessation, as distinguished from re- 
mission or abatement of fever. 4. The state of being neg- 
lected ; disuse, as of words ; [little used.] 

IN-TER-MIS'SIVE, a. Coming by fits or after temporary 
cessations; not continual. Howell. 

IN-TER-MIT', V. t. [L. intermitto.] To cause to cease for a 
time ; to interrupt ; to suspend. 

IN-TER-MlT', V. i. To cease for a time ; to go off at inter- 
vals, as a fever. 

IN-TER-MIT'TED, pp. Caused to cease for a time. 

IN-TER-MIT'TENT, a. Ceasing at intervals. 

IN-TER-MIT'TENT, n. A fever which entirely subsides 
or ceases at certain intervals. 

IN-TER-MIT'TING, p/;r. 1. Ceasing for a time ; pausing. 
2. Causing to cease. 

IN-TER-MIT'TING-LY, ado. With intermissions. 

IN-TER-MIX', v.t. To mix together , to put somethings 
with others ; to intermingle Milton. 

IN-TER-MIX', V. i. To be mixed together ; to be intermin- 
gled. 

IN-TER-MIX'ED, (in-ter-mixt') pp. Mingled together. 

IN-TER-MIX'ING, ppr. Intermingling. 

IN-TER-MIXTXRE, n. 1. A mass formed by mixture ; a 
mass of ingredients mixed. 2. Admixture; something 
additional mingled in a mass. 

IN-TER-MONT'ANE, a. Between mountains. 

IN-TER-MUND'ANE, a. [L. inter and mundanus.] Being 
between worlds, or between orb and orb. 

IN-TER-Mu RAL, a. Lying between walls. Ainsworth. 

IN-TER-MUS'€U-LAR, a. Between the muscles. 

IN-TER-MU-Ta'TION, 71. Interchange ; mutual change. 

IN-TER-MU'TU-AL, for mutual, is an illegitimate word. 

IN-TERN', a. Internal. [Mot much used.] Howell. 

IN-TERN'AL, a. [L. mteniin?.] I. Inward; interior; be- 
ing within any limit or surface; not external. 2. Per- 
taining to the heart. 3. Intrinsic; real. 4. Confined to 
a country ; domestic ; not foreign. 

IN-TERN AL-LY, ado. 1. Inwardly; within the body; 
beneath the surface. 2. Mentally ; intellectually. 3. 
Spiritually. 

IN-TER-NA'TION-AL, [See ^National.] a. [inffiT* and 
national.] Existing and regulating the mutual intercourse 
between different nations. Baring. 

IN-TER-N K'CINE, a. iniernecinus.] Deadly. 

IN-TER-Ne'CION, 71. \\t. internecio.] Mutual slaughterer 
destruction. [Little used.] Hale. 

IN-TER-NEC'TION, n. Connection. W. Mountagu. 

IN'TER-NODE, 71. [L. interjiodium.] In botany, the space 
between two joints of a plant. 

IN-TER-NUN'ClO, 71. [L. intemuncius.] A messenger be- 
tw'een two parties. Johnson. 

IN-TER-OS'SE-AL, ) a. [L. inter and os.] Situated be- 

IN-TER-OS'SE-OUS, \ tween bones. 

f IN-TER-PkAL', V. t. [L. interpello.] To interrupt. 

t IN-TER-PEL', V. t. To set forth. B. .Tonson. 

IN-TER-PEL-La'TION, 71. [L. interpellatio.] 1. A sum- 


mons , a citation. 2. Interruption. 3. An earnest ad- 
dress ; intweession. 

IN-TER-PLeAD', V. i. In law, to discuss a point incident- 
ally happening, before the principal cause can be tried. 

IN-1'ER-PLeAD'ER, 71. A bill of interpleader, in chancery, 
is where a person owes a debt or rent to one of the parties 
in suit, but, till the determination of it he knows not to 
which. 

IN-TER-PLEDGE', (in-ter-plej') v. t. To give and take as 
a mutual pledge. Davenant. 

IN-TER-POINT', V. t. To point ; to distinguish by stops. 

* IN'TER-PO-L ATE, or IN-TER'PO-LATE, v. t. [Fr. in- 
terpoler; L. interpolo.] 1. To renew ; to begin again ; to 
carry on with intermission ; [063.] 2. To foist in ; to in- 
sert, as a spurious word or passage in a manuscript or 
book ; to add a spurious word or passage to the original. 

*IN'TER-PO-LA-TED, or IN-TER'PO-LA-TED, pp. In- 
serted or added to the original. 

*IN'TER-PO-LA-TING, or IN-TER'PO-LA-TING, ppr. 
Foisting in what is spurious. 

IN-TER-PO-La'TION, 71. 1. The act of foisting a word or 
passage into a manuscript or book. 2. A spurious word 
or passage inserted in the genuine writings of an author. 
— 3. In mathematics, a branch of analysis. 

^ IN'TER-PO-LA-TOR, or IN-TER'PO-LA-TOR, n. [L.] 
One who foists into a book or manuscript spurious words 
or passages ; one who adds something to genuine writ- 
ings. 

IN-TER-POL'ISH, v. t. To polish between. 

t IN-TER-PoNE', V. t. To set or insert between. 

IN-TER-PoS'AL, 71. 1. The act of interposing; interposi- 
tion ; interference ; agency between two persons. 2. In- 
tervention ; a coming or being between. 

IN-TER-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. interposer.] 1. To place be- 
tween ; as, to interpose a body between the sun and the 
earth. 2. To place between or among ; to thrust in ; to in- 
trude, as an obstruction, interruption or inconvenience. 
3. To offer, as aid or services, for relief or the adjustment 
of difterences. 

IN-TER-PoSE', V. i. 1. To step in between parties at va- 
riance ; to mediate. 2. To put in by way of interruption. 

t IN-TER-PoSE', 71. Interposal. Spenser. 

IN-TER-PoS'ED, (in-ter-pozd') pp. Placed between or 
among ; thrust in. 

IN-TER-PoS'ER, 71. One that interposes or comes between 
others ; a mediator or agent between parties. 

IN-TER-PoS'ING,7>p7*. Placing between ; coming between ; 
offering aid or services. 

IN-TER-POS'IT, 71. A place of deposit between one com- 
mercial city or country and another. Mitford. 

IN-TER-PO-?l'TION, n. [L. interpositio.] 1. A being, 
placing or coming between ; intervention. 2. Interveni- 
ent agency 3. Mediation ; agency between parties. 4. 
Any thing interposed. 

t IN-TER-PoS'URE, n. Interposal. Glanville. 

IN-TER'PRET, v. t. [Fr. interpreter ; L. interpretor.] 1. 
To explain the meaning of words to a person who does 
not understand them ; to expound ; to translate unintelli- 
gible words into intelligible ones. 2. To explain or un- 
fold the meaning of predictions, visions, dreams or enig- 
mas; to expound. 3. To decipher. 4. To explain some- 
thing not understood. 5. To define ; to explain words by 
other words in the same language. 

IN-TER'PRE-TA-BLE, a. That may be interpreted. 

IN-TER-PRE-Ta'TION, 71. [Ii. intci'pretatio.] 1. The act 
of interpreting ; explanation of unintelligible words in 
language that is intelligible. 2. The act of expounding 
or unfolding what is not understood or not obvious. 3. 
The sense given by an interpreter; exposition. 4. The 
power of explaining. 

IN-TER'PRE-TA-TIVE, a. 1. Collected or known by in- 
terpretation. 2. Containing explanation. 

IN-TER'PRE-TA-TIVE-LY, ado. As may be collected by 
interpretation. Ray. 

IN-TER'PRET-ED, pp. Explained; expounded. 

IN-TER'PRET-ER, 71. 1. One that explains or expounds ; 
an expositor. 2. A translator. 

IN-TER'PRET-ING, ppr. Explaining ; expounding ; trans- 
lating. 

IN-TER-PUNC'TION, 7 j. [L. interpunctio.] The making 
of points between sentences or parts of a sentence. 

IN-TER-REG'NUM, 77. [L. inter and regnum.] The time in 
which a throne is vacant, between the death or abdica- 
tion of a king and the accession of his successor. 

IN-TER-REIGN', (in-ter-riine') n. An interregnum, or va- 
cancy of the throne. Bacon. 

IN-TER'RER, 71. One that inters or buries. 

IN'TER-REX, 71. [L. inter and rex.] A regent ; a magistrate 
that governs during an interregnum. 

IN-TER'RO-GATE, V. t. [Fr. interroger ; L. interrogo.] To 
question ; to examine by asking questions. 

IN-TER'RO-GATE, v. i. To ask questions. Bacon. 

t IN-TER'RO^GATE, 71. Question put ; inquiry. Bp. Hall. 

1 IN-TER'RO-GA-TED, pp. Examined by questions. 


* See Synepsis. a, E, I, O, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PR£Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— | Obsolete. 


INT 


463 


INT 


IN-TER'RO-GA-TING, ppr. Asking questions of one ; ex- 
amining by questions. 

IN-TEU-K0-(tA'T 10N, 7t. 1. The act of questioning ; ex- 
amination by questions. 2. A question put j inquiry. 3. 
A note that marks a question. 

IN-TEK-KOG'A-'l I VE, a. [Fr. intei-rogatif.] Denoting a 
question , expressed in the form of a question. 

IN-TER-K(XJ'A-TIVE, n. A word used in asking ques- 
tions ; as, who ? what ? 

IN-TEll-llOG'A-Ti VE-LY, adv. In the form of a question. 

IN-TER'llO-GA-TOll, n. One who asks questions. 

IN-l'ER-ROG'A-TO-RY, n. [Fr. interrogatuire.] A ques- 
tion or inquiry. — In law, a particular question to a wit- 
ness, who is to answer it under the solemnities of an oath. 

IN-TER-ROG'A-TO-RY, a. Containing a question 3 ex- 
pressing a question. 

IN-TER-RUFT', v. t. [L. inter ruptiis.'] 1. To stop or hin- 
der by breaking in upon the course or progress of any 
thing; to break the current or motion of. 2. To divide; 
to separate ; to break continuity or a continued series. 

IX-TER-RUPT', a. Broken ; containing a chasm. 

IX-TER-RUPT ED, pp. Stopped ; hindered from proceed- 
ing. 

IN-'l'ER-RUPT'ED-LY, adv. With breaks or interruptions. 

IN-TER-RUPT'ER, n. One that interrupts. 

IX-TER-RUPT' ING, ppr. Hindering by breaking in upon. 

IX-TER-RUP'TIOX, lu [L. interruptio .] J. The act of in- 
terrupting, or breaking in upon progression. 2. Breach 
of any thing extended ; interposition. 3. Intervention; 
inter|X>sition. 4. Stop ; hindcrance ; obstruction caused 
by breaking in upon any course, current, progress or mo- 
tion. 5. Stop ; cessation ; intermission. 

IX-TER-SCAP'U-LAR, a. [L. inter and scapula.] Situated 
between tiie shoulders. 

IX-TER-SCIXD', V. t. [L. inter and scindo.] To cut off. 

IX-TER-SCRiBE', v. t. To write between. Diet. 

1X-TER-Sk'CANT, a. [L. intersecans.] Dividing into 
parts; crossing. Diet. 

IX-TER-SECT', V. t. [L. interseco.] To cut or cross mutu- 
ally ; to divide into jiarts. 

IN^-TER-SECT', v. i. To meet and cross each other. 

IX-TER-SECT ED, pp. Cut or divided into parts ; crossed. 

IX-TER-SECT'IXG, ppr. Cutting ; crossing, as lines. 

IX-TER-SE€'TION, ?/. [L. tEferscetto.] 1. The act or 
slate of intersecting. 2. The point or line in wliich two 
lines or two planes cut each otlier. 

IX-TER-SEM'l-XATE, v. t. [L. interseminatus.] To sow 
between or among. [Little 

IX-TER-SERT', r. t. [L. intersero.] To set or put in be- 
tween other things. Brerewood. 

IX-TER-SER'TIOX, n. An insertion, or thing inserted be- 
tween other things. Hammonu. 

IX'TER-SPACE, n. A space between other things. 

IX-TER-SPERSE', (in-ter-spers') v. t. [L. interspersus.] 
To scatter or set here and there among other things. 

IX-TER-SP£RS'ED, (in-ter-spersF) pp. Scattered or situ- 
ated here and there among other things. 

IX-TER-SPERSTXG, ppr. Scattering here and there among 
other things. 

IX-TER-SPER'SIOX, n. The act of scattering or setting 
here and there among other things. 

IN-TER-STEL'LAR, a. [L. inter and Stella.] Situated be- 
yond the solar system. Bacon. 

* IX'TER-STICE, or IX-TER/STiCE, 7 ?. [Fr., from L. in- 
terstitiurn.] 1. A space between things; but chiefly, a 
narrow or small space between things closely set, or the 
parts which compose a body. 2. Time between one act 
and another; interval. 

t IX-TEP-STIXCT'IVE, a. Distinguishing. Wallis. 

, IX-TER-STI"TIAL, a. Pertaining to or containing inter- 
stices. 

IX-TER-STRATT-FIED, a. Stratified among or between 
other bodies. Enenc. 

t IX-TER-TALK', (in-ter-tawk') V t. To exchange conver- 
sation. 

IN-TER-TAN'GLE, t. To intertwist ; to entangle. 

IX-TER-TEXT'URE, 77 . [h. intertextus.] The act of inter- 
weaving, or the state of things interwoven. 

IX'TER-TIE, or IN'TER-DUCE, n. In carpentry, a small 
timber between summers. 

IX-TER-TROP'i-GAL, a. Situated between the tropics. 

IX-TER-TWTXE', v. t. To unite by twining or twisting 
one with another. Milton. 

IX-TER-TWIX'ED, (in-ter-twind') pp. Twined or twisted 
one with another. 

IX-TER-TWTXTXG, ppr. Twining one with another. 

IX-TER-TWIST', V. t. To twist one with another. 

IX-TER-TWTST'ED, pp. Twisted one with another. 

IX-TER-TWISTTXG, ppr. Twisting one with another. 

IX'TER-VAL, 77 . [Fr. intervalle ; L. intervallum.] 1 . A 
space between things ; a void space intervening between 
any two objects. 2. Space of time between any two 
points or events. 3. The space of time between two par- 
oxysms of disease, pain, or delirium ; remission. 4. The 


distance between two given sounds in music, or the 
ference m point of gravity or acuteness. 5. A tract of 
low or plain ground between hills, or along the banks of^ 


, , - . .] 1.^ To come or be 

between persons or tilings ; to be situated between. 2» 
To come between points of time or events. 3. To happen 
in a way to disturb, cross or interrupt. 4. To interpose 
or undertake voluntarily for another. 

IN-TER-VkXE', 77 . A coming between. Wotton. 

IN-'PER-VeNT-EXT, a. Coming or being between ; inter- 
cedent ; interposed. [Little used.] Bacon. 

IN-TER-VeX'1XG, ppr. or a. Coining or being between 
persons or things, or between points of time. 

IN-TER-VEX'TfOX, 77 . [L. interventiu.] 1. A state of 
coming or being between ; interposition. 2. Agency of 
persons between persons; interposition; mediation; any 
interference that may affect the interests of others. 3. 
Agency of means or instruments. 4. Interposition in fa- 
vor of another ; a voluntary undertaking of one parly for 
another. 


t IN-TER-VEX'UE, 71. [Fr. intervenu.] Interposition. 

IX-TER-VERT', v. t. [L. interverto.] To turn to another 
course or to another use. [Little used.] Wotton. 

IX'TER-VIEW, (in ter-vu) n. [inter and view.] A mutual 
sight or view ; a meeting; a conference or mutual com- 
munication of thoughts. 

IN-TER-YOLVE', (in-ter-volv') v. t. [I. intervolvo.] To 
involve one within another. Milton. 


IX-'J’ER-VOLV^ED, (in-ter-volvd') pp. Involved one with- 
in another ; wrapped together. 

IX-TEll-VOLV'Ii\G, ppr. Involving one within another. 
IN-TER-WeAVE', V. t. ; pret. interwove ; pp. interwoven.r 
1. To weave together ; to intermix or unite in texture or 
construction. 2. To intermix ; to set among or together. 
3. To intermingle ; to insert together. 

IX-TER-WeA V'lXG, ppr. Weaving together. 
IN-TER-WeAV'1NG, 77 . Intpftexture. Milton. 
IN-TER-WISIF, V. t. To wish mutually to each other. 
[Little 7757 : 7 /.] 

IN-TER-WoRKT^TG, 77. The act of working together. 
IX-TER-WReATH'ED, (in-ter-reethd') a. Woven into a 
wreath. 


IN-TEST' A-BIjE, a. [L. intestahilis.] Not capable of mak- 
ing a will ; legally unqualified or disqualified to make a 
testament. 

IN-TEST' A-CY, n. The state of dying without making a 
will or disposing of one’s effects. 

IN-TEST'ATE, a. [Fr. iiitestat ; L. 1. Dying 

without having made a will. 2. Not devised ; not dis- 
posed of by will. 

IN-'i'EST'ATE, 77 . A person who dies without making a 
will. Blackstone. 

IN-TEST'I-NAL, a. Pertaining to the intestines of an ani- 
mal body. Arbuthnot. 

IN-TEST lNE, a. [Fr. intestin ; L. intestinus.] 1. Inter- 
nal ; inward ; opposed to external ; applied to the humart 
or other animal body. 2. Internal with regard to a state 
or country ; domestic, not foreign ; as, intestine feuds. 
This word is usually or always applied to evils. 

IN-TEST'iNE, 71. ; usually in the pht?a/, Intestines. The 
bowels. 

t IN-TIURST', V. t. To make thirsty. Bp. Hall. 

IN-THRALL', v. t. [in and thrall.] To enslave ; to reduce 
to bondage or servitude ; to shackle. 

IN-THRALL'ED, (in-thrawld') pp. Enslaved ; reduced to 
SBrv’^itudc* 

IN-THRALL'ING, ppr. Enslaving. 

IN-THRALL'MENT, 71. Servitude ; slavery ; bondage. 
Milton. 

IN-THRoNE', v. t. To seat on a throne ; to raise to royalty 
or supreme dominion. See Enthrone. 

f IN-THRO-NI-Za'TION, 77. The act of enthroning. 

f IN-THRoNTZE, V. t. To enthrone. 

IN'TI-MA-CY, 71. Close familiarity or fellowship ; nearness 
in friendship. Rogers. 

IN'TI-MATE, a. [L. 177 / 1777775 .] 1. Inmost; inward; inter- 
nal. 2. Near; close. 3. Close in friendship or acquaint- 
ance ; familiar. 

IN'TI-MATE, 77 . A familiar friend or associate ; one to 
whom the thoughts of another are intrusted without re- 
serve. 

f IN'TI-MATE, V. i. To share together. Spenser. 

IN'TI-MATE, V. t. [Fr. intimer.] To hint ; to suggest ob- 
scurely, indirectly or not very plainly ; to give slight no- 
tice of. 

IN'TI-MA-TED, pp. Hinted; slightly mentioned or signi- 
fied. 

IN'TI-MATE-LY, adv. 1. Closely ; with close intermixt- 
ure and union of parts. 2. Closely ; with nearness of 
friendship or alliance. 3. Familiarly ; particularly. 

IN'TI-MA-TING, ppr. Hinting; suggesting. 

IN-TI-M\TION, 77 . [Fr.] Hint; an obscure or indirect 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; 0 as J ; $ as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


INT 


464 


INT 


suggestion or notice ; a declaration or remark communi- 
cating imperfect information. 

t IN'TIiVIE, a. [L. Inward : internal. Digby. 

IN-TIM'I-DATE, ij. t. [¥x. intimider.] To make fearful j 
to inspire with fear j to dishearten ; to abash. 

IN-TIM'l-DA-TED, pp. Made fearful ; abashed. 

IN-TIM'I-DA-TINCJ, ppr. Making fearful ; abashing. 

IN-TIM-I-Da'TION, n. The act of making fearful j the 
state of being abashed. 

IN-TIN€)-T1V'I-TY, n. The want of the quality of coloring 
or tinging other bodies. Kirwan. 

IN-TlRE', IN-TiRE'LY. See Entire and its derivatives. 

IISl-Tl'TLE. See Entitle. 

IN TO, prep, [in and to.] 1. Noting entrance or a passing 
from the outside of a thing to its interior parts. It follows 
verbs expressing motion. 2. Noting penetration beyond 
the outside or surface, or access to it. 3. Noting insertion. 
4. Noting mixture. 5. Noting inclusion. 6. Noting the 
passing of a thing from one form or state to another. 

IN-TOL'ER-A-BLE, a. [Fr. from L. intolerahilis.] 1. Not 
to be borne ; that cannot be endured. 2. Insufferable. 

IN-TOL'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being not 
tolerable or sufferable. 

IN-TOL'ER-A-BLY, adv. To a degree beyond endurance. 

IN-'l’OL'ER-ANCE, n. Want of toleration j the not en- 
during at all, or not suffering to exist without persecution. 

IN-TOL'ER-ANT, a. [Fr.] J. Not enduring ; not able to 
endure. 2. Not enduring difference of opinion or wor- 
ship ; refusing to tolerate others. 

IN-TOL'ER-ANT, n. One who does not favor toleration. 

IN-TOL^ER-A-TED, a . Not endured ; not tolerated. 

IN-TOL-ER-A'TTON, n. Intolerance j refusal to tolerate 
others in their opinions oi worship. 

IN-ToMB', (in-toom') v. t. To deposit in a tomb ; to bury. 

IN-TOM B'ED, (in-toomd') pp. Deposited in a tomb ; buried. 

IN-TOMB'ING, (in-toom'ing) ppr. Depositing in a tomb. 

IN'TO-NATE, V. i. [L. intonatus.] 1. To sound ; to sound 
the notes of the musical scale. 2. To thunder. 

IN-T0-Na'T10N, n. 1. In mnsic^ the action of sounding the 
notes of the scale with the voice, or any other given order 
of musical tones. 2. The manner of sounding or tuning 
the notes of a musical scale. — 3. In speaking, the modula- 
tion of the voice in expression. 

IN-ToNE', V. i. [L. intuno.] To utter a sound, or a deep 
protracted sound. Pope. 

IN-TOR'SION, n. [L. intorsttm.] A winding, bending or 
twisting. — In botany, the bending or twining of any part 
of a plant. 

IN-TORT', u. t. [1j. intortiLs.] To twist j to wreath 3 to 
wind ; to wring. Pope. 

IN-TORT'ED, pp. Twisted ; made winding. Pope. 

IN-TORT'ING, ppr. Winding; twisting. 

IN-TOX'I-GATE, v. t. [in and L. toxicum.] 1. To inebri- 
ate ; to make drunk ; as with spirituous liquor. 2. To 
excite the spirits to a kind of delirium ; to elate to enthu- 
siasm, frenzy or madness. 

IN-TOX'I-€ATE a. Inebriated. More. 

IN-TOX'I-€A-TED, pp. Inebriated ; made drunk ; excited 
to frenzy. 

IN-TOX'l-€A-TlNG, ppr. 1. Inebriating ; elating to excess 
or frenzy. 2. a. Having qualities that produce inebriation. 

IN-TOX 1-OA-TION, n. Inebriation ; ebriety ; drunken- 
ness ; the act of making drunk. South. 

IN-TRAOT A-BLE, a. [L. intractabilis.] 1. Not to be gov- 
erned or managed ; violent ; stubborn ; obstinate ; refrac- 
tory. 2. Not to be taught ; indocile. 

IN-TRA€T'A-BLE-NESS, ) n. 1. The quality of being 

IN-TRAGT-A-BIL'I-TY, j ungovernable ; obstinacy ; 
perverseness. 2. Indocility. 

IN-TRA€T'A-BLY, ado. In a perverse, stubborn manner. 

IN-TRA-FO-LI-a'CEOUS, a. [L. intra and/oZiitwi.] In 
botany, growing on the inside of a leaf. 

IN-TRANCE'. See Entrance. 

IN-TRAN-Q,UIL'LI-TY, n. Unquietness ; want of rest. 

IN-TRAN'SIENT, a. Not transient ; not passing suddenly 
away. Killingbeck. 

IN-TRANS'I-TTVE, a. [L. intransitivus.] In grammar, an 
intransitive verb is one which expresses an action or state 
that is limited to the agent, or, in other words, an action 
that does not pass over to, or operate upon, an object. 

IN-TRANS'I-TIVE-LY, adv. Without an object following ; 
in the manner of an intransitive verb. 

IN-TRANS-MIS'SI-BLE, a. That cannot be transmitted. 
J. P. Smith. 

IN-TRANS-MIJ-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of not being 
transmutable. Ray. 

IN-TRANS-Mu'TA-BLE, a. That cannot be transmuted 
or changed into another substance. Ray. 

IN'TRANT, a. [L. intrans.] Entering ; penetrating. 

IN-TREAS'URE, (in-trezh ur) v. t . To lay up as in a treas- 
ury. [Little used.] Shak 

IN-TReAT'FIJL, a. See Entreatful. 

IN-TRENCH', V . t . [ir, and Fr. trancher .] 1. To dig or 
cut a trench around a place, as in fortification ; to fortify 


with a ditch and parapet. 2. To furrow ; to make 
hollows in. — To intrench on, literally, to invade j to en- 
croach. 

IN-l'RENCH', V. t. [Fr. in and trancher.] To invade ; to 
0rici*o&cli 

t IN-TRENCH'ANT, a. Not to be divided or wounded ; in- 
divisible. Shak. 

IN-TRENCH'ED, (in-trencht') pp. Fortified with a ditch 
and parapet. 

IN-TRENCH'ING, Fortifying with a trench and par- 
apet. 

IN-TRENCH'MENT, n. A trench ; a ditch and parajiet. 

IN-TREP'ID, a. [L. intrepidus.] Fearless ; bold ; brave ; 
undaunted. 

IN-TRE-PID'I-TY, n. [Fr. intrepidite.] Fearlessness j 
fearless bravery in danger ; undaunted courage. 

IN-TREP'ID-LY, adv. Without trembling or shrinking 
from danger ; fearlessly ; daringly ; resolutely. 

t IN'TRI-€A-BLE, a. Entangling. Shelton. 

IN'TRT-€A-CY, n. The state of being entangled ; perplex- 
ity ; involution ; complication. Addison. 

IN'TRI-CATE, a. [L. intricatus.] Entangled ; involved j 
perplexed ; complicated ; obscure. 

IN'TRI-CATE, V . t. To perplex ; to make obscure. [L. u.] 

IN'TRI-GATE-LY, adv. With involution or infoldings ; 
with perplexity or intricacy. Wotton. 

IN'TRl-CATE-NESS, n. The state of being involved j in- 
volution ; complication ; perplexity. Sidney. 

t IN-TR[-€a'TION, n. Entanglement. 

IN-TRiGUE', (in-treeg') n. [Fr. ; It. intrigo.] 1. A plot 
or scheme of a complicated nature, intended to effect 
some purpose by secret artifices ; usually applied to affairs 
of love or government. 2. The plot of a pla^‘ or romance. 
3. Intricacy; complication; [£^>5.] Hale. 

IN-TRlGUE', (in-treeg') v. i. To form a plot or scheme, 
usually complicated, and intended to effect some purpose 
by secret artifices. 

t IN-TRiGUE', (in-treeg') v. t. To perplex or render intri- 
cate. 

IN-TRiGU'ER, (in-treeg'er) n. One who intrigues ; one 
who forms plots, or pursues an object by secret artifices. 

IN-TRiGU'ING (in-treeg'ing) ppr. 1. Forming secret plots 
or schemes. 2. a. Addicted to intrigue ; given to secret 
machinations. 

IN-TRiGU'lNG-LY, (in-treeg'ing-ly) adv. With intrigue ; 
with artifice or secret machinations. 

t IN-TR1N'SE-€ATE, a. Entangled ; perplexed. 

IN-TRIN'SIG, )a. [Px. intrinseque ; Lt. intrinsectis.] 1. 

IN-TRIN'SI-GAL, ) Inward ; internal ; hence, true ; 
genuine ; real ; essential ; inherent ; not apparent or acci- 
dental. 2. Intimate ; closely familiar ; [oZ>5.] Wotton. 

IN-TRIN'SI-€AL-LY, adv. Internally ; in its nature ; real- 
ly ; truly. Soxith. 

IN-TRO-DuCE', V . t. [L. introduco.] 1. To lead or bring 
in ; to conduct or usher into a place. 2. To conduct and 
make known ; to bring to be acquainted. 3. To bring 
something new into notice or practice. 4. To bring in ; 
to import. 5. To produce ; to cause to exist. 6. To be- 
gin to open to notice. 7. To bring before the public by 
writing or discourse. 

IN-TRO-Du'CED, (in-tro-dust') pp. Led or conducted in; 
brought in ; made acquainted ; imported. 

IN-TRO-Du'CER, n. One who introduces ; one who con- 
ducts another to a place or person ; one who makes stran- 
gers known to each other. 

IN-TRO-Du'CING, ppr. Conducting or bringing in; mak- 
ing known, as one stranger to another; bringing any 
thing into notice or practice. 

IN-TRO-DU€'TION, n. [L. introductio .] 1. The action of 

conducting or ushering into a place. 2. The act of bring- 
ing into a country. 3. The act of bringing something 
into notice, practice or use. 4. The part of a book which 
precedes tlie main work ; a preface or preliminary dis- 
course. 5. The first part of an oration or discourse, in 
which the speaker gives some general account of his 
design and subject. 

IN-TRO-DU€'TIVE, a. Serving to introduce; serving as 
the means to bring forward something. 

t IN-TRO-DU€'TOR, n. An introducer. 

IN-TRO-DUC'TO-RY, a. Serving to introduce something 
else ; previous ; prefatory ; preliminary. 

f IN-TRO-GRES'SION, 71. [1j. introgressio.] Entrance. 

IN-TROIT', n. [Old Fr. introite.] A psalm which, from 
its being sung whilst the priest made his entrance within 
the rails of the altar, was called introitus or introit. 
Wheatley. 

IN-TRO-MIS'SION, n. [L. intromissus.] 1. The action of 
sending in. — 2. In Scottish laic, an intermeddling with the 
effects of another. 

IN-TRO-MIT', V. t. [L. intromitto.] To send in ; to let in ; 
to admit. 2. To allow to enter ; to be the medium by 
which a thing enters. 

IN-TRO-MIT', V . i . To intermeddle with the effects of 
another. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 6, V, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD j Obsolete. 


INV 


INU 


465 


IN-TRO-RE-CEP'TION, n. The act of admitting into or 
within. 

IN-TRO-SPEGT/, v. t. [L. introspicio.] To look into or 
within ; to view the inside. 

IN-TRO-SPEG'TION, n. A view of the inside or interior. 

■f IN-TllO-SUME', V. t. [L. intro and sumo.] To sink in. 
Evelyn. 

IN-TRO-SUS-CEP^TION, or IN-TUS-SUS-CEP/TION, n. 
The falling of one part of an intestine into another. 

IN-TRO-Ve'NI-ENT, a. [L. intro and veniejis.] Coming 
in or between; entering. [Little used.] Brown. 

IN-TRO-VER'SION, n. The act of turning inwards. 

IN-TRO-VERT', v. t. [L. intro and verto.] To turn in- 
wards. Cowper. 

IN-TRuDE', V. i. [L. intnido.] 1. To thrust one’s self in ; 
to come or go in without invitation or welcome. 2. To 
encroach ; to enter or force one’s self in without permis- 
sion. 3. To enter uncalled or uninvited, or without just 
right. 

IN-TRuDE', V. t. 1. To thrust one’s self in, or to enter 
into some place without right or welcome. 2. To force 
or cast in. 

IN-TRuD'ED, pp. Thrust in. 

IN-TRCD'Ell, n. One who intrudes ; one who thrusts him- 
self in, or enters where he has no right or is not welcome. 

IN-TRuD'ING, ppr. Entering without invitation, right or 
w'elcome. 

IN-TRu'SION, 71. [1j. intrusio.] 1. The action of thrusting 
in, or of entering into a place or state without invitation, 
right or welcome. 2. Encroachment ; entrance without 
right on the property or possessions of another. 3. Volun- 
tary entrance on an undertaking unsuitable for the person. 

IN-TRV'SIVE, a. Thrusting in or entering without right 
or welcome ; apt to intrude. 

IN-TRUST', V. t. To deliver in trust ; to confide to the care 
of ; to commit to another with confidence in his fidelity. 

IN-TRUST'ED, Delivered in trust; committed to the 
hands or care of another, in confidence that he will be 
faithful in discharging his duty. 

IN-TRUST'ING, ppr. Delivering in trust ; confiding to the 
care of. 

IN-TTJ-l"TION, 71. [L. intuitus.] A looking on ; a sight or 
view ; the act by which the mind perceives the agree- 
ment or disagreement of two ideas, or the truth of 
thiiigs, the moment they are presented. 

IN-TU'I-TIVE, a. [Sp. and It. intuitivo ; Fr. intuitif.] 1. 
Perceived by the mind immediately, without the inter- 
vention of argument or testimony ; exhibiting truth to the 
mind on bare inspection. 2. Received or obtained by in- 
tuition or simple inspection. 3. Seeing clearly. 4. Hav- 
ing the power of discovering truth without reasoning. 

IN-Tu'l-TIVE-LY, adv. By immediate perception ; with- 
out reasoning. 

IN-TU-MESCE', (in-tu-mes') v. i. [L. intumesco.] To 
swell ; to enlarge or expand with heat. 

IN-TU-MES'CENCE, 7i. 1. The action of swelling. 2. A 
swell ; a swelling with bubbles j a rising and enlarging ; 
a tumid state. 

flN-Tu'MU-LA-TED, a. [L. intumulatus.] Unburied. 
Cocker am. 

IN-TUR-GES'CENCE, n. [L. in and turgesco.] A swell- 
ing ; the action of swelling or state of being swelled. 

f IN-TuSE', 77. [L. 77ittisu5.] A bruise. Spenser. 

IN-TWTNE', V. t. To twine or twist together ; to wreath. 

IN-TWIN'ED, (in-twind') pp. Twisted together. 

IN-TWTN'ING, ppr. Wreathing together. 

IN-TWIST', V. t. To twist together ; to interweave. 

IN-TWIST'ED, pp. Twisted together. 

IN-TWIST'ING, ppr. Twisting together. 

IN'U-LIN, 71. A peculiar vegetable principle extracted 
from the imila heleniurn, or elecampane. Ure. 

IN-UM'BRaTE, V. t. [L. inumbro.] To shade. 

•f IN-UNC'TED, a. Anointed. Cockcram. 

IN-UNC'TION, 71. [L. inunctus.] The action of anointing ; 
unction. Ray. 

IN-UNC-TU-OS'I-TY, n. [L. in and unctus.] The want 
of unctuosity ; destitution of greasiness or oiliness which 
is perceptible to the touch. 

IN-UN'DANT, a. [L. inundans.] Overflowing. 

IN-UN'DaTE, V. i. [L. inundatus.] 1. To overflow ; to 
deluge ; to spread over with a fluid. 2. To fill with an 
overflowing abundance or superfluity. 

IN-UN'DA-TED, pp. Overflowed ; spread over with a fluid ; 
copiously supplied. 

IN-UN'DA-TING, Overflowing; deluging; spreading 
over. 

IN-UN-Da'TION, n. [L. inundatio.] 1. An overflow 
of water or other fluid ; a flood; a rising and spreading 
of water over low grounds. 2. An overspreading of any 
kind ; an overflowing or superfluous abundance. 

t IN-UN-DER-STAND'ING, a. Void of understanding. 

IN-UR-BAN'I-TY, n. Incivility ; rude, unpolished man- 
ners or deportment ; want of courteousness. 

IN-URE', V. t. [in and ure.] 1. To habituate ; to accustom ; 


habit ; custom, 
accustoming. 2. 


Pass- 


to apply or expose iri use or practice till use gives little or 
inconvenience, or makes little impression. 

IN-URE , V. t. To pass in use ; to take or have effect ; to be 
applied ; to serve to the use or benefit of. 

Accustomed ; hardened by use. 

IN-URE'MENT, n. Use'; practice : 

IN-UR'ING, ppr. 1. Habituating ; 
ing in use to the benefit of. 

IP^URN', v.t. 1. To bury; to inter ; to entomb. Shak. 2. 
To put in an urn. 

IN-URN'ED, (in-urnd') pp. Deposited in a tomb. 

IN-URN'ING, poT*. Interring; burying. ^ 

IN-U-SI-Ta'TION, n. Want of use ; disuse. Paley. 

IN-US'TION, 77. [L. inustio.] 1. The action of burning. 
2. A branding; the action of marking by burning. 

t IN-U'TILE, a. [L. inutilis.] Unprofitable ; useless. 

IN-U-TIL'I-TY, 77. [L. inutilitas.] Uselessness ; the qurdity 
of being unprofitable ; unprofitableness. 

IN-UT'TER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be uttered. 

IN-VaDE', V. t. [L. invado.] 1. To enter a country, as an 
army with hostile intentions ; to enter as an enemy ; 
to attack. 2. To attack ; to assail ; to assault. 3. To at- 
tack ; to infringe ; to encroach on ; to violate. 4. To go 
into; a Latinism; [o6s.] Spenser. 5. To fall on; to at- 
tack ; to seize ; as a disease. 

IN-VaD'ED, pp. Entered by an army with a hostile design ; 
attacked ; assaulted ; infringed ; violated. 

IN-VaD'ER, 77. 1. One who enters the territory of another 
with a view to war, conquest or plunder. Swift. 2. An 
assailant. 3. An encroacher ; an intruder ; one w'ho in- 
fringes the rights of another. 

IN-VaD'ING, ppr. Entering on the possessions of another 
with a view to war, conquest or plunder ; assaulting ; in- 
fringing ; attacking. 

IN-VA-LES'CENCE, 77. [L. invalesco.] Strength ; health. 

IN-VAL-E-Tu'DI-NA-RY, a. Wanting health. 

IN-VAL'ID, a. [L. invalidus.] 1. Weak ; of no force, 
weight or cogency. — 2. In law^ having no force, effect or 
efficacy ; void ; null. 

*IN'VA-LID, 77. [Fr. invalide ; L. invalidus.] 1. A per- 
son who is weak and infirm ; a person sickly or indisposed. 
2. A person who is infirm, wounded, maimed, or other- 
wise disabled for active service ; a soldier or seaman worn 
out in service. 


IN-VAL'I-DATE, v. t. [Fr. invalider.] 1. To weaken or 
lessen the force of; to destroy the strength or validity of ; 
to render of no force or effect. 2. To overthrow ; to prove 
to be of no force. 

IN-VAL'I-DA-TED,pp. Rendered invalid or of no force. 

IN-VAL'I-DA-TING, ppr. Destroying the force and effect 
of. 


IN-VA-LID'I-TY, 71. [Fr. invalidite.] Weakness ; want 
of cogency ; w'ant of legal force or efficacy. 

IN-VAL'ID-NESS, n. Invalidity. 

IN-VAL'U-A-BLE, a. Precious above estiination ; so val- 
uable that its worth cannot be estimated ; inestimable. 

IN-VAL'U-A-BLY, adv. Inestimably. Bp. Hall. 

IN-Va'RI-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] Constant in the same state ; 
immutable ; unalterable ; unchangeable ; that does not 
vary ; always uniform. 

IN-Va'RI-A-BLE-NESS, 77. Constancy of state, condition 
or quality ; immutability ; unchangeableness. 

IN-Va'RI-A-BLY, adv. Constantly ; uniformly ; without 
alteration or change. 

IN-Va'RIED, a. Unvaried ; not changing or altering. 

IN-Va'SION, 71. [L. invasio.] 1. A hostile entrance into 
the possessions of another ; particularly^ the entrance of 
a hostile army into a country for the purpose of conquest 
or plunder, or the attack of a military force. 2 An at- 
tack on the rights of another; infringement or violation. 
3. Attack of a disease ; as the invasion of the plague in 
Egypt. 

IN-VA'SIVE, a. [from invade.] 1. Entering on anotber’s 
possessions with hostile designs ; aggressive. 2. Infring- 
ing another’s rights. 

IN-VEC'TION, 77. Invective, which see. 

IN-VE€'TIVE, n. [Fr. invective.] A railing speech or ex- 
pression ; something uttered or written, intended to cast 
opprobrium, censure or reproach on another ; a harsh or 
reproachful accusation. It differs from reproofs as the 
latter may come from a friend, and be intended for the 
good of the person reproved ; but invective proceeds fronx 
an enemy, and is intended to give pain or to injure. 

IN-VEC'TIVE, a. Satirical ; abusive ; railing. 

IN-VE€'TIVE-LY, adv. Satirically ; abusively. 

IN-VEIGH', (in-va') v. i. [L. inveho.] To exclaim or rail 
against ; to utter censorious and bitter language against 
any one ; to reproach. 

IN-VEIGH'ER, (in-va'er) n. One who rails ; a railer. 

IN-VEIGH'ING, (in-vu'ing) ppr. Exclaiming against ; rail- 
ing at ; littering bitter words. 

IN-VeI'-GLE, V. t. [Norm, cnvcogler.] To entice ; to seduce ; 
to wheedle ; to persuade to something evil by deceptive 
arts or flattery. 


* See Synopsis. 


MOVE, BQOK, dove ; BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; 
* 30 


CH as SH ; TH as in this. 


t Obsolete 


INV 


INV 


466 


IN-V£l-GLED, pp. Enticed j wheedled j seduced from 
duty. 

IN-VeI'GLE-MENT, w. Seduction to evil ; enticement. 

IN-VeFGLER, n. One who entices or draws into any de- 
si gn_ by arts and flattery. 

IN-VeI'GLING, Enticing; wheedling; persuading 
to any thing bad. 

IN-VfilL'ED, (in-vald') a. Covered as with a veil. 

IN-VENT', V. t. [Fr. inventer.^ 1. To find out something 
new ; to devise something not before known ; to contrive 
and produce something that did not before exist. 2. To 
forge ; to fabricate ; to contrive falsely. 3. To feign ; to 
frame by the imagination. 4. To light on ; to meet with. 
Spenser. 

IN-VENT'ED, pp. Found out ; devised ; contrived ; forged ; 
fabricated. 

IN-VENT'ER. See Inventor. 

IN-VENT'FUL, a. Full of invention. Gifford. 

IN-VENT'l-BLE, a. Discoverable ; capable of being found 
out. 

IN-VENT'ING, ppr. Finding out what was before un- 
known ; devising or contriving something new ; fabri- 
cating. 

IN-VEN'TION, n. [L. inventio.] 1. The action or opera- 
tion of finding out something new ; the contrivance of 
that which did not before exist. Invention diflers from 
discovery. Invention is applied to the contrivance and 
production of something that did not before exist. Dis- 
covery brings to light that which existed before, but which 
was not known. We are indebted to invention for the 
thermometer and barometer. We are indebted to discovery 
for the knowledge of the isles in the Pacific ocean, and 
for the knowledge of galvanism. 2. That which is in- 
vented. 3. Forgery; fiction. — 1. In the finding 

or choice of the objects which are to enter into the com- 
position of the piece. — 5. In poetry y it is applied to what- 
ever the poet adds to the history of the subject. — 6. In 
rhetoricy the finding and selecting of arguments to prove 
and illustrate the point in view. 7. The power of invent- 
ing ; that skill or ingenuity which is or may be employed 
in contriving any thing new. 8. Discovery ; the finding 
of things hidden or before unknown ; [less proper.] Ray. 

IN-VENT'IVE, a. [Fr. inventif.] Able to invent ; quick 
at contrivance ; ready at expedients. Dry den. 

IN-VENT'OR, n. One who finds out something new ; one 
who contrives and produces any thing not before existing ; 
a contriver. 

IN-VEN-TO'RI-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of an inven- 
tory. 

IN'VEN-TO-RIED, pp. Inserted or registered in an inven- 
tory. 

IN'VEN-TO-RY, n. inventarioJ] 1. An account, 

catalogue or schedule of all the goods and chattels of a 
deceased person. 2. A catalogue of movables. 3. A 
catalogue or account of particular things. 

IN'VEN-TO-RY, v. t. [Fr. inventorier.] 1. To make an 
inventory of ; to make a list, catalogue or schedule of. 
2. To insert or register in an account of goods. 

IN-VENT'RESS, n. A female that invents. 

IN-VERSE', (in-vers') a. [L. Inverted ; jecip- 

rocal. 

IN-VERSE'LY, (in-vers'ly) adv. In an inverted order or 
manner ; when more produces less, and less produces 
more ; or when one thing is greater or less, in proportion 
as another is less or greater. 

IN-VER'SION, n. [L. inversio.] 1. Change of order, so that 
the last becomes first, and the first last ; a turning or change 
of the natural order of things. 2. Change of places,, so 
that each takes the place of the other. 3. A turning back- 
wards ; a contrary rule of operation.— 4. In grammary a 
chance of the natural order of words. — 5. In musky 
the change of position either of a subject or of a 
chord. 

IN-VERT', V. t. [L. inverto.] 1. To turn into a contrary 
direction ; to turn upside down. 2. To place in a con- 
trary order or method. — 3. In musky to change the order 
of the notes which form a chord, or the parts wliich 
compose harmony. 4. To divert; to turn- into another 
cliannel ; to embezzle ; [obs.] 

IN-VERT'E-BRAL, a. Destitute of a vertebral column. 

IN-VERT'E-BRA-TED, a. Destitute of a back bone or ver- 
tebral chain. Good. 

IN-VERT'ED,pp. Turned to a contrary direction ; turned 
upside down ; changed in order. 

IN-VERT'ED-LY, adv. In a contrary or reversed order. 

IN-VERT'ENT, n. A medicine intended to invert the nat- 
ural order of tlie successive irritative motions. 

IN-VERT'ING, ppr. Turning in a contrary direction; 

changing the order. i , 

IN-VEST', e. t. [Fr. inrestir ; h. investio.] 1. To clothe ; 
to dress ; to put garments on ; to array. 2. To clothe wuth 
office or authority ; to place in possession of an office, 
rank or dignity. ’3. To adorn ; to grace. 4. To clothe ; 
to surround. 5. To confer ; to give ; [fi w.] G. U o inclose ; 


to surround ; to block up ; to lay siege to. 7. To clothe 
money in something permanent or less fleeting. 

IN-VEST'ED, pp. Clothed; dressed; adorned; inclosed. 

IN-VEST'I£NT, a. Covering ; clothing. Woodward. 

IN-VEST'I-GA-BLE, a. Tliat may be investigated or 
searched out ; discoverable by rational search or disquisi- 
tion. 

IN-VEST'I-GATE, v. t. [L. investigo.] To search into ; 
to inquire and examine into with care and accuracy ; to 
find out by careful disquisition. 

IN-VE8T'1-GA-TED, pp. Searched into ; examined with 
care. 

IN-VEST'I-GA-TING, ppr. Searching into ; inquiring into 
with care. 

IN-VES-TI-Ga'TION, 71. [L. investigatio.] The action or 
process of searching minutely for truth, facts or prin- 
ciples ; a careful inquiry to find out what is unknown. 

IN-VEST'I-GA-TIVE, a. Curious and deliberate in re- 
searches. Pegge. 

IN-VEST'I-GA-TOR, n. One who searches diligently into 
a subject. 

IN-VEST'I-TURE, n. [Fr.] 1. The action of giving pos- 
session, or livery of seizin. 2. The right of giving pos- 
session of any manor, office or benefice. Raleigh. 

IN-VEST'IVE, a. Clothing ; encircling. 

IN-VEST'MENT, n. 1. The action of investing. 2. 
Clothes ; dress ; garment ; habit. Shak. 3. The act of 
surrounding, blocking up or besieging by an armed force. 
4. The laying out of money in the purchase of some spe- 
cies of property. 

IN- VET'ER-A-CY, n. [lu. inveteratio.] Long continuance, 
or the firmness or deep-rooted obstinacy of any quality or 
state acquired by time. 

IN-VET'ER-ATE, a. \Ij. inveteratus.] 1. Old ; long-estab- 
lislied. 2. Deep-rooted ; firmly established by long con- 
tinuance ; obstinate. 3. Having fixed habits by long con- 
tinuance. 4. Violent ; deep-rooted ; obstinate. 

IN-VET'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. invetero.] To fix and settle by 
long continuance. [Little used.] Bacon, 

IN-VET'ER-ATE-LY, adv. With obstinacy ; violently. 

IN-VET'ER-ATE-NESS, 71. Obstinacy confirmed by time; 
inveteracy. Locke. 

IN-VET-ER-a'TION, n. The act of hardening or confirm- 
ing by long continuance. 

*IN-VID'I-OUS, a. [L. invidiosus.] 1. Envious; malig- 
nant. 2. Likely to incur ill-will or hatred, or to provoke 
envy ; hateful. 

"''IN-VID'I-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Enviously ; malignantly. 2. In 
a manner likely to provoke hatred. 

*IN-VID'I-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of provoking envy 
or hatred. 

IN-VIG'I-LANCE, n. Want of vigilance ; neglect of watch- 
ing. 

IN-VIG'OR, V. t. To invigorate ; to animate ; to encour- 
age. 

IN-VIG'O-RATE, v. t. [It. invigoHre.] To give vigor 
to ; to strengthen ; to animate ; to give life and energy to. 

IN-VIG'O-R A-TED, pp. Strengthened; animated. 

IN-VIG'0-RA-TlNG, ppr. Giving fresh vigor to; strength- 
ening. 

IN-V1G-0-Ra'TI 0N, 72. The action of invigorating, or 
state of being invigorated. 

IN-VII.'LAGED, a. Turned into a village. 

IN-VIN'CI-BLE, a. [Fr. invincible.] 1. Not to be conquer- 
ed or subdued ; that cannot be overcome ; unconquera- 
ble. 2. Not to be overcome ; insuperable. 

IN-VfN'CI-BLE-NESS, or IN-VIN-CI-BIL'I-TY, n. The 
quality of being unconquerable ; insuperableness. 

IN-VIN'CI-BLY, adv. Unconquerably ; insuperably. 

IN-VI'O-LA-BLE, a. [L. inviolabilis.] 1. Not to be pro- 
faned ; that ought not to be injured, polluted or treated 
wuth irreverence. 2. Not to be broken. 3. Not to be in- 
jured or tarnished. 4. Not susceptible of hurt or wound. 

IN-VI'O-LA-BLE-NESS, or IN-VI-0-LA-BlL'I-TY, n. 
1. The quality or state of being inviolable. 2. The qual- 
ity of not being subject to be broken. 

IN-VI'O-LA-BLY, adv. Without profanation ; without 
breach or failure. 

IN-VI'O-LATE, a. [L. inviolatus.] Unhurt; uninjured ; 
unprofaned ; unpolluted ; unbroken. 

IN-VI'O-L A-TED, a. Un profaned ; unbroken ; un viola- 
ted. 

IN'VI-OUS, a. [L. invius.] Impassable ; untrodden. 

IN'VI-OUS-NESS, 71. State of being impassable. Ward. 

IN-VI-RIL'I-TY, 71. Absence of manhood. Prynne. 

IN-VISG'ATE, v. t. [L. in and risew^.] 1. To lime ; to 
daub with glue. 2. To catch wuth glue or birdlime, 
r Y jj.f.t.l.Pj I 

IN-VIS'CER-ATE, v. t. To breed ; to nourish. [A had 
word.] 

IN-VIS-I-BIL'I-TY, or IN-VIS'I-BLE-NESS, n. The 
state of being invisible ; imperceptibleness to the sight. 

IN-VIS'I-BLE, a. [L. invisibilis.] That cannot be seen ; 
imperceptible by the sight. 


t Obsolete 


* See Sijno2)sis. a, £, T, o, U, Y, long. — FAR, F^LL, WHAT ; — PREJ\ ; FIN, MARINE, BIRD ; 


INV 


467 


IN-VIS'T-BLY, adv. In a manner to escape the sight j im- 
perceptibly to the eye. Denham. 

IN-Vls6'10N, 71. Want of vision, or the power of seeing. 

1N-VI-Ta'T 10X, 71. fL. invitatio.] The act of inviting j 
solicitation. 

IN-VrTA-TO-RY, a. Using or containing invitations. 

IX-VI'T.A.-TO-llY, n. A part of the service in the Catholic 
church ; a psalm or anthem sung in the morning. 

IN-VTTE', V. t. [L. i/it'ito.] ]. To ask to do some act or 
to go to some place ; to request the company of a person. 
2. To allure ; to draw to ; to tempt to come ; to induce 
by pleasure or hope. 3. To present temptations or allure- 
ments to. 

IN-VTTE', V. i. To ask or call to any thing pleasing. Milton. 

IN-VIT'ED, pp. Solicited 3 requested to come or go in per- 
son ; allured. 

f IN-VITE'MENT, n. Actof inviting j invitation. B. Jon- 
son. 

IN-VlT'ER, n. One who invites. Pope. 

IN-VIT'IXG, ppr. ]. Soliciting the company of; asking 
to attend. 2. a. Alluring ; tempting ; drawing to. 

TX-VIT'ING, n. Invitation. Shak. 

IN-VIT'IXG-LY, adv. In such a manner as to invite or al- 
lure. 

IN-VIT'IXG-NESS, 77 . The quality of being inviting. 

IN-VIT'RI-Fi-A-BLE, a. That cannot be vitrified or con- 
verted into glass. Kirwan. 

IN'VO-€ATE, V. t. [L. hivoco.] To invoke ; to call on in 
supplication ; to implore ; to address in prayer. 

IN'VO-€A-TED, p/ 7 . Invoked ; called on in prayer. 

IN'VO-€A-TING, ppr. Invoking. 

IX^-VO-Ca'TION, 71. [L. hivocatio.] 1. The act of ad- 
dressing in prayer. 2. The form or act of calling for the 
assistance or presence of any being, particularly of some 
divinity. 3. A judicial call, demand or order. WheatoiPs 
Rep. 

INWOICE, n. [Fr. envoi.] 1.- In commerce., a written ac- 
count of the particulars of merchandise, shipped or sent 
to a purchaser, consignee, factor, &c., with the value or 
prices and charges annexed. 2. A written account of 
ratable estate. Laws of Mew Hampshire. 

IN'VOICE, v.t. To make a written account of goods or 
property with their prices. 

IN'VOICED, pp. Inserted in a list with the price or value 
annexed. Robinson. 

IN'VOIC-ING, ppr. Making an account in writing of goods, 
with their prices or values annexed ; inserting in an in- 
voice. 

IN-V’^OKE', V. t. [L. invoco.] 1. To address in prayer; to 
call on for assistance and protection. 2. To order ; to call 
judicially. Wirt. 

IN-VoK'ED, (in-v 6 kt') pp. Addressed in prayer for aid ; 
called. 

IN-VoK'ING, ppr. Addressing in prayer for aid ; calling. 

IN-VOL'U-CEL, n. [dim. of involucre.] A partial involu- 
cre ; an involucret. Eaton. 

IN-VO-LU'CEL-LATE, a. Surrounded with involucels. 

IN-VO-Lu'€RUM, ) 71. [L. from involvo.] In botany^ a 

IN-VO-Lu'eRE, J calyx remote from the flower. 

IX-VO-LU'GRED, a. Having an involucre, as umbels. 

IN-VO-Lu'€RET, n. A small or partial involucrum. 

IN-VOL'UN-TA-RI-LY, adv. 1. Not by choice; not spon- 
taneously ; against one’s will. 2. In a manner independ- 
ent of the will. 

IN-VOL'UN-TA-RI-NESS, 71. 1. Want of choice or will. 
Bp. Hall. 2. Independence on the will. 

IN-VOL'UN-TA-RY, a. [Fr. invoLontaire.] 1. Not hav- 
ing will or choice ; unwilling. 2. Independent of will or 
choice. 3. Not proceeding from choice ; not done will- 
ingly ; opposed to the will. 

IN'VO-LUTE, 71. [L. involutus.] A curve traced by the 
end of a string folded upon a figure, or unwound from it. 

INWO-LUTE, \ a. [L. involutus.] In botany, rolled spi- 

IN'VO-LU-TED, \ rally inwards. 

IN-VO-LC'TION, 77 . [Fr.; L. involutio.] 1. The action 
of involving or infolding. 2. The state of being entan- 
gled or involved ; complication. — 3. In grammar, the in- 
sertion of one or more clauses or members of a sentence 
between the agent or subject and the verb. — 4. In alge- 
bra, the raising of a quantity from its root to any power 
assigned. 

IN-VOLVE', (in-volv') v. t. [L. involvo.] 1. To envelop ; 
to cover with surrounding matter. 2. To envelop in 
any thing which exists on all sides. 3. To imply ; to 
comprise. 4. To intwist ; to join ; to connect. 5. To 
take in ; to catch; to conjoin. 6 . To entangle. 7. To 
plunge ; to overwhelm. 8. To inwrap ; to infold ; to 
complicate or make intricate. 9. To blend; to mingle 
confusedly. -^10. In algebra, to raise a quantity from the 
root to any assigned power. 

IN-VOLV'ED, (in-volvd') pp. Enveloped ; implied; in- 
wrapped ; entangled. 

IN-VOLV'ING, ppr. Enveloping; implying; comprising; 
entangling ; complicating. 


IRK 


or IN-VUL>NER-A-BLE- 
XEbb, Ihe quality of being invulnerable. 

IN-A UL'J\ER-A-BEE, a. [L. invulnerabilis.] That cannot 
I e wounded ; incapable of receiving injury. 

V ^ inclose or fortify with a wall. 

1J\ VV AlvD, a. [bax. iniceard.] J. Internal ; interior ; placed 
or being within. 2 . Intimate; domestic; familiar. 3 . 
Seated in the mind or soul. Shak. ' 

IN A'VARD, or IN ARDS, adv. I. Toward the inside ; as, 
turn the attention inward. 2 . ’I'oward the centre or in- 
terior. 3. Into the mind or thoughts. 

IN<WARD-LY, adv. 1. In the inner parts ; internally. 2. 
In the heart ; privately ; secretly. 3. Towards the cen- 
tre. 

t IN'WARD-NESS, 77 . 1. Intimacy; familiarity. Shak. 2. 
Internal state ; [wTiMsitaZ.] 

IN'WAR,DS, 77 . plu. The inner parts of an animal ; the 
bowels ; the viscera. Milton. 

IN-WeAVE', V. t. ; pret. inwove; pp. inwoven, inwove. 
To weave together; to intermix or intertwine by weav- 
ing. 

IN-WHEEL', V. t. [m and wheel.] To encircle. Beau., 
mont. 

f IN'WIT, n. [t 7 i and wit.] Mind ; understanding. 

IN-WOOD', V. t. To hide in woods. Sidney. 

IN-W6RK'1NG, ppr. or a. Working within. 

IN-W 6 RK'ING, 71. Internal operation; energy within. 

IN-WoVE', ' 

IN-WoV'EN, 

IN-WRAP' 


pp. Woven in ; intertwined by weaving. 


(in-rap') v. t. 1. To involve ; to infold ; to 
cover by wrapping. 2. To involve in difficulty or per- 
plexity ; to perplex. 3. To ravish or transport. 

IN-WReATHE', (in-reeth') v. t. To surround or encom- 
pass as with a wreath, or with something in the form of a 
wreath. 

IN-WROUGHT', (in-raw’t') pp. or a. Wrought or worked 
in or among other things ; adorned with figures. 

I'O-DATE, 71. A compound consisting of oxygen, iodin and 
a base. Henry. 

T'O-DIG, a. Jodie acid is a compound of iodin and oxygen. 

I'O-DIDE, 77 . A compound of iodin with a metal or other 
substance. 


I'O-DIN, 1 71. [Gr. 7 w^ 7 ;j.j In chemistry, a peculiar sub- 

I'O-DINE, ( stance obtained from certain sea-weeds or 
marine plants. 

I'O-DOUS, a. lodous acid is a compound of iodin and oxy- 
gen, containing less of the latter than iodic acid. 

I-OD'U-RET, 77. A compound of iodin and a base. 

X'O-LITE, 77 . [Gr. lov and \i8og.] A mineral. 

I-ON'IC, a. 1. The Ionic order, in architecture, is that spe- 
cies of column named from Ionia. It is more slender 
than the Doric and Tuscan. Encyc. — 2. The Ionic dialect 
of the Greek language is the dialect used in Ionia. — 3. 
The Ionic sect of philosophers was that founded by Thales 
of Miletus, in Ionia. 4. Denoting an airy kind of music. 

I-O'TA, 77. A tittle. Barrow. 

IP-E-€AC-U-AN'HA, n. A root produced in ^outh Ameri- 
ca, much used as an emetic. 

I-RAS-CI-BIL'I-TY, or I-RAS'CT-BLE-NESS, 77. The qual- 
ity of being irascible, or easily inflamed by anger; irrita- 
bility of temper. 

I-RAS'CI-BLE, a. [Fr.] Very susceptible of anger; easily 
provoked or inflamed with resentment ; irritable. 

IRE, 77. [Fr.; L. ira.] Anger ; wrath ; keen resentment. 

IRE'FIJL, a. Angry ; wroth ; furious with anger. 

IRE'FljL-LY, adv. In an angry manner. 

I'RE-NARGH, n. [Gr. et^nvap^ris.] An officer formerly 
employed in the Greek empire, to preserve the public 
tranquillity. 

I-REN'I-GAL, a. Pacific ; desirous of peace. 

I-RI-DES'CENCE, n. Exhibition of colors like those of the 
rainbow. 

I-RI-DES'CENT, a. Having colors like the rainbow. 

I-RID'I-UM, 77. [from iVis.] A metal of a whitish color. 

I'RIS, 7 ?.; p[ 77 . Irises. [L. ir 7 >.] 1. The rainbow. 2. An 

appearance resembling the rainbow. 3. The colored cir- 
cle which surrounds the pupil of the eye. 4. The change- 
able colors which sometimes appear in the glasses of tele- 
scopes, microscopes, &c. 5. A colored spectrum whicii a 
triangular glass prism casts on a wall, when placed at a 
due angle in the sun-beams. 6 . The flower-de-lis, or 
flag-flower, a genus of many species. 

I'RI-SA-TED, a. Exhibiting the prismatic colors; resem- 
bling the rainbow. Phillips. 

I'RISED, a. Containing colors like those of the rainbow. 

I'RISH, a. Pertaining to Ireland. 

I'RISH, 77 . 1. A native of Ireland. 2. The language of 
the Irish ; the Hiberno-Celtic. 

I'RISH-ISM, 77 . A mode of speaking peculiar to the 

Irish. , _ 

T'RISH-RY, 77. The people of Ireland. Bryskett. 

IRK, V. t. [Scot, irk.] To weary ; to give pain to ; used 
only impersonally. Shak. \^Obsolescent.] 


* See Sijnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.--C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


IRR 468 IRR 


iRK'S6ME, a. Wearisome; tedious; tiresome; giving un- 
easiness. Addison. 

1RK'S6ME-LY, ado. In a wearisome or tedious manner. 

IRK'SOME-NESS, v. Tediousness ; wearisomeness. 

IR'ON, (i'urn, or i'rn) n. [Sax. iron ; Scot, irwe, ?/rn, or 
aim ; Isl. iarn ; Dan. iem.'] 1. A metal, the hardest, 
most common and most useful of all the metals ; of a livid 
whitish color inclined to gray, internally composed, to 
appearance, of small facets, and susceptible of a fine pol- 
ish. 2. An instrument or utensil made of iron. — 3. Fig- 
uratively, strength ; power. Dan. ii. 4. Irons, plu., fet- 
ters ; chains ; manacles ; handcuffs. Ps. cv. 

TR/QN, (I'urn) a. 1. Made of iron; consisting of iron. 2. 
Resembling iron in color. 3. Harsh; rude; severe ; mis- 
erable. 4. Binding fast ; not to be broken. 5. Hard of 
understanding ; dull. 6. Firm ; robust. 

IR'ON, (I'urn) v. t. 1. To smooth with an instrument of 
iron. 2. To shackle with irons ; to fetter or handcuff. 3. 
To furnish or arm with iron. 

IR'ON-€LAY, (I'um-kla) n. A substance intermediate 
between basalt and wacky, of a reddish-brown color, and 
occurring massive or vesicular. 

IR'ONED, (Ihirnd) j>p. Smoothed with an iron ; shackled ; 
armed with iron. 

IR'ON-FLINT, n. Ferruginous quartz. 

IR'ON-HEaRT'ED, a. Hardhearted ; unfeeling ; cruel. 

IR'ON-MoLD, n. A spot on cloth made by applying rusty 
iron to the cloth when wet. 

IR^ON-xMON-GER, n. A dealer in iron wares or hardware. 

IR'ON-SIGK, a. In seameii^s language, a ship is said to be 
ironsick, when her bolts and nails are so mucli corroded 
or eaten with rust that she has become leaky. 

TR'ON-STONE, n. An ore of iron. 

IR'ON-WOOD, n. The popular name of a genus of trees 
called sidcroxylort, of several species. 

IR'ON-WoRK, 71. A general name of the parts or pieces 
of a building which consist of iron; any thing made of 
iron. 

IR/QN-WoRKS, n. phi. The works or establishment where 
pig-iron is wrought into bars, &c. 

IR'ON-WoRT, n. A genus of plants called sidei'itis, of 
several species. 

T-RON'I€, a. Ironical. B. Jonson. 

I-RON'I-€AL, a. [Fr. ironique.] Expressing one thing and 
meaning another. 

I-RON'I-€AL-LY, adv. By way of irony; by the use of 
irony. 

PRON-IST, 71. One who deals in irony. Pope. 

IR'^ON-Y, (I'urn-y) a. 1. Made or consisting of iron ; par- 
taking of iron. 2. Resembling iron ; hard. 

I'RON-Y, 71. [Fr. ironie ; L. iro?aa.] A mode of speech ex- 
pressing a sense contrary to that which tlie speaker in- 
tends to convey. - 

t I'ROUS, a. [from ire.] Apt to be angry. Chaucer. 

IR-Ra'DI-ANCE, ) n. [L. irradiaus.] 1. Emission of rays 

IR-Ra'DI-AN-CY, ^ of light on an object. 2. Beams of 
light emitted ; lustre ; splendor. 

IR-RA'DI-ATE, v. t. [L. irradio.] 1. To illuminate ; to 
brighten ; to make splendid ; to adorn with lustre. 2. To 
enlighten intellectually ; to illuminate. 3. To animate 
by heat or light. 4. To decorate with shining orna- 
ments. 

IR-Ra'DI-ATE, V. i. To emit rays ; to shine. 

IR-Ra'DI-ATE, a. Adorned with shining ornaments. 

IR-Ra'DI-A-TED, pp. Illuminated ; enlightened ; made 
luminous or bright ; decorated with rays of light or with 
something shining. 

IR-Ra'DI-A-TING, ppr. Illuminating; decorating with 
beams of light. 

IR-RA-DI-a^TION, n. 1. The act of emitting beams of 
light. 2. Illumination ; brightness. 3. Intellectual light. 
4. The act of emitting minute particles or effluvia from 
some substance. 

I R-R ACTION- AL, a. [L. irrationalis.] I. Not rational; 
void of reason or undei-standing. 2. Not according to the 
dictates of reason ; contrary to reason ; absurd. 

* IR-R A-TION-AL'I-TY, n. Want of reason or the powers 
of understanding. 

* IR-Ra'TION-AL-LY, adv. Without reason ; in a manner 
contrary to reason ; absurdly. 

IR-RE-CLaIM'A-BLE, a. 1. Not to be reclaimed ; that 
cannot be recalled from error or vice ; that cannot be 
brought to reform. 2. That cannot be tamed. 

IR-RE-GLaIM'A-BLY, adv. So as not to admit of reforma- 
tion. 

IR-REC’*-0N-CTL'A-BLE, a. 1. Not to be recalled to amity, 
or a state of friendship and kindness ; retaining enmity 
that cannot be appeased or subdued. 2. That cannot be 
appeased or subdued. 3. That cannot be made to agree 
or be consistent ; incongruous ; incompatible. 

IR-RE€-ON-CIL'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being 
irreconcilable ; incongruity ; incompatibility. 

IR-RE€-ON-CIL'A-BLY, adv. In a manner that precludes 
reconciliation. 


IR-REG'ON-CTLE, v. t. To prevent from being recon- 
ciled. 

IR-RE€-ON-CIL'ED, (ir-rek-on-slld') a. {in and reconciU 
ed.] 1. Not reconciled. 2. Not atoned for. Shak. 

IR-REG-ON-CTLE'MENT, 71. Want of reconciliation ; dis- 
agreement. 

IR-RE€-ON-CIL-I-a'TION, n. Want of reconciliation. 

IR-RE-CORD'A-BLE, a. Not to be recorded. Cockeram. 

IR-R-E-CoV'ER-A-BLE, a. 1. Not to be recovered or re- 
paired. 2. That cannot be regained. Rogers. 3. That 
cannot be obtained by demand or suit. 4. Not to be rem- 
edied. 

IR-RE-C6V'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being irre- 
coverable. Donne. 

IR-RE-C6V'ER-A-BLY, adv. 1. Beyond recovery ; be- 
yond the possibility of being regained, repaired or reme- 
died. 2. Beyond the possibility of being reclaimed. 

f IR-RE-€uTER-A-BLE, a. Irrecoverable. 

t IR-RE-€u'PER-A-BLY, adv. Irrecoverably. 

f IR-RE-€uR'ED, (ir-re-kurd') a. [m and recured.] Not to 
be cured. 

IR-RE-DEEM'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be redeemed. 
2. Not subject to be paid at the pleasure of government. 

IR-RE-DEEM^A-BLE-NESS, or IR-RE-DEEM-A-BIL'I- 
TY, 71. The quality of being not redeemable. 

IR-RE-DC'CI-BLE, a. 1. Not to be reduced ; that cannot 
be brought back to a former state. 2. Tliat cannot be re- 
duced or changed to a different state. 

IR-RE-Dfj'CI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being irredu- 
cible. 

* IR-RE-FRa'G A-BLE, or IR-REF'RA-GA-BLE, o. That 
cannot be refuted or overthrown ; incontestable ; undeni- 
able. 

* IR-RE-FRa'GA-BLE-NESS, or IR-RE-FRA-GA-BIL'I- 
TY, 71. The quality of being irrefragable or incapable of 
refutation. 

* IR-RE-FRa'GA-BLY, adv. With force or strength that 
cannot be overthrown ; with certainty beyond refuta- 
tion. 

* IR-RE-F€T^A-BLE, a. [Low L. irrefutabilis.] That can- 
not be refuted or disproved. Bp. Hall. 

* IR-RE-FuT'A-BLY, adv. Beyond the possibility of refuta- 
tion. 

IR-RE-GEN'ER-A-CY, 71. Unregeneracy. J. M. Mason. 

IR-REG'U-LAR, a. [Fr. irregulier ; L. irregularis.] 1. 
Not regular ; not according to common form or rules. 2. 
Not according to established principles or customs ; devi- 
ating from usage. 3. Not conformable to nature or the 
usual operation of natural laws. 4. Not according to the 
rules of art ; immethodical. 5. Not in conformity to laws, 
human or divine ; deviating from the rules of moral recti- 
tude; vicious. 6. Not straight. 7. Not uniform. — 8. In 
grammar, an irregular noun or verb is one which devi- 
ates from the common rules in its inflections. 

IR-REG'U-IiAR, n. A soldier not in regular service. 

IR-REG-U-LAR'I-TY, n. [Fr. irregularite.] 1. Deviation 
from a straight line or from any common or established 
rule ; deviation from method or order. 2. Deviation from 
law, human or divine, or from moral rectitude ; inordinate 
practice ; vice. 

IR-REG'U-IjAR-LY, adv. Without rule, method or order. 

t IR-REG'U-LATE, v. t. To make irregular ; to disorder. 

IR-REL'A-TIVE, a. Not relative ; unconnected. — Irrela- 
tive chords, in music, have no common sound. 

IR-REL'A-TIVE-LY, adv. Unconnectedly. Boyle. 

IR-REL'E-VAN-CY, ?i. Inapplicability ; the quality of not 
being applicable, or of not serving to aid and support. 

IR-REL'E-VANT, o. [?n, and Fr. relever.] Not relevant ; 
not applicable or pertinent; not serving to support. 

IR-REL'E-VANT-LY, arfe. Without being to the purpose. 

IR-RE-LIkV'A-BLE, a. Not admitting relief. Hargrave. 

IR-RE-LlG'ION, (ir-re-lid'jun) n. [Fr. ; in and religion.] 
Want of religion, or contempt of it ; impiety. Dryden. 

IR-RE-LIG'IONMST, n. One who is destitute of religious 
principles ; a despiser of religion. Mott. 

IR-RE-LIG'IOUS, (ir-re-lid'jus) a. [Fr. irreligieux.] 1. 
Destitute of religious principles; contemning religion; 
impious ; ungodly. 2. Contrary to religion ; profane ; 
impious: wicked. 

IR-RE-LIG'IOUS-LY, adv. With impiety ; wickedly. 

IR-RE-LlGffOUS-NESS, n. Want of religious principles or 
practices ; ungodliness. 

IR-RE'ME-A-BLE, a. [L. irremeabilis.] Admitting no re- 
turn. Dryden. 

IR-RE-Me'DI-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Not to be remedied; 
that cannot be cured. 2. Not to be corrected or redressed. 

IR-RE-Me'DI-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being irremediable. 

IR-RE-ME'DI-A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that 
precludes remedy, cure or correction. Bp. Taylor. 

IR-RE-MIS'SI-BLE, a. [Fr.] Not to be pardoned ; that 
cannot be forgiven or remitted. Whiston. 

IR-RE-MIS'Sl-BLE-NESS, 7i. The quality of being unpar- 
donable. Hammond. 

IR-RE-MIS'SI-BLY, adv. So as not to be pardoned. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, C, Y, ion^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


IRR 


4G9 


ISIl 


IR-RE-MOV-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being 
irremovable, or not removable from office. 

IR-RE-MOV'A-BLE, a. That cannot be moved, removed, 
or changed. Shak. 

IR-RE-Mu'NER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be rewarded. 

IR-RE-NOWN'ED, (ir-re-novvnd') a. Not renowned 3 not 
celebrated. 

IR-REP-A-RA-BIL'I-TY, 71. The quality or state of being 
irreparable, or beyond repair or recovery. 

IR-REP^\-RA-BLE, a. [L. irreparabilis.] 1. That cannot 
be repaired or mended. 2. That cannot be recovered or 
regained. 

IR-REP'A-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that pre- 
cludes recovery or repair. 

IR-RE-PEAL-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being irre- 
pealable. 

IR-RE-PeAL'A-BLE, a. That cannot be repealed. 

IR-RE-PeAL'A-BLE-NESS, 71. Irrepeaiability. 

IR-RE-PeAL'A-BLY, adv. Beyond the power of repeal. 

IR-RE-PENT'ANCE, n. Want of repentance. 

IR-RE-PLEV/I-A-BLE, a. That cannot be replevied. 

IR-RE-PLEV'I-SA-BLE, a. That cannot be replevied. 

IR-REP-RE-HENS'I-BLE, a. Not reprehensible 3 not to be 
blamed or censured ; free from fault. 

IR-REP-RE-HENS'I-BLE-NESS, 7i. The quality of being 
irr6pr0li0nsibl6 • 

IR-REP-llE-HENST-BLY, adv. In a manner not to incur 
blame 3 without blame. Sherwood. 

IR-REP-RE-SENT'A-BLE, a. Not to be represented 3 that 
cannot be figured or represented by any image. 

IR-RE-PRESS'I-BLE, a. That cannot be repressed. 

IR-RE-PRoACH'A-BLE, a. That cannot be justly re- 
proached ; free from blame ; upright ; innocent. 

IR-RE-PRoACH'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of 
being not reproachable. 

IR-RE-PRoACH'A-BLY, adv. In a manner not to deserve 
reproach ; blamelessly. 

IR-RE-PROV^A-BLE, a. That cannot be justly reproved 3 
blameless ; upright. 

IR-RE-PROV'A-BLY, adv. So as not to be liable to reproof 
or blame. Weever. 

IR-REP-Ti"TIOUS, a. Encroaching 5 privately intro- 
duced. 

IR-RE-SIST'ANCE, n. Forbearance to resist 3 non-resist- 
ance 5 passive submission. Paley. 

IR-RE-SIST-I-BIL'I-TY, \n. The quality of being irre- 

IR-RE-SISTT-BLE-NESS, J sistible 3 power or force be- 
yond resistance or opposition. 

IR-RE-SISTT-BLE, a. [Fr.J That cannot be successfully 
resisted or opposed 3 superior to opposition. 

IR-RE-SIST'I-BLY, adv. With a power that cannot be suc- 
cessfully resisted or opposed. Dryden. 

IR-RES'O-LU-BLE, a. [L. in and resolvo.] Not to be dis- 
solved 3 incapable of dissolution. Boyle. 

IR-RES'O-LU-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being indisso- 
luble 3 resistance to separation of parts by heat. 

IR-RES'O-LUTE, a. Not firm or constant in purpose 3 not 
decided 3 not determined 3 wavering 3 given to doubt. 

IR-RES'O-LUTE-LY, adv. Without firmness of mind 3 
without decision. 

IR-RES'O-LUTE-NESS, n. Want of firm determination or 
purpose 5 vacillation of mind. 

IR-RES-O-Lu'TION, n. [Fr.] Want of resolution 5 want 
of decision in purpose 3 a fluctuation of mind. 

IR-RE-SOLV'ED-LY, adv. Without settled determination. 
\_Little Boyle. 

IR-RE-SPE€T'IVE, a. Not regarding circumstances. 

IR-RE-SPEGT'IVE-LY, adv. Without regard to circum- 
stances, or not taking them into consideration. 

IR-RES'PI-RA-BLE, a. Unfit for respiration 3 not having 
the qualities which support animal life. 

IR-RE-SPONS-I-BIL'I-TT, n. Want of responsibility. 

IR-RE-SPONS'I-BLE, a. Not responsible 3 not liable or 
able to answer for consequences 3 not answerable. 

IR-RE-TEN^TIVE, a. Not retentive or apt to retain. 

IR-RE-TRIeV^\-BLE, a. Not to be recovered or repaired 3 
irrecoverable 3 irreparable. 

IR-RE-TRIeV'A-BLE-NESS, 71. The state of being irre- 
trievable. _ 

IR-RE-TRIeV/A-BLY, adv. Irreparably 3 irrecoverably 3 
in a manner not to be regained. Woodward. 

IR-RE-TURN'A-BLE, a. Not to be returned. 

IR-REV'ER-ENCE, n. [L. irreverentia.'] 1. Want of rever- 
ence, or want of veneration 3 want of a due regard to the 
authority and character of the Supreme Being. Irrever- 
ence toward God is analogous to disrespect toward man. 
2. The state of being disregarded 3 applied to men. 

IR-REV'ER-ENT, a. [Fr.] 1. Wanting in reverence and 
veneration 3 not entertaining or manifesting due regard to 
the Supreme Being. 2. Proceeding from irreverence 3 ex- 
pressive of a want of veneration. 3. Wanting in respect 
to superiors. 

IR-REV'ER-ENT-LY, adv. 1. In an irreverent manner. 2. 
Without due respect to superiors. 


IR-RE-VERS^I-BLE, a. That cannot be revei;ped 5 that can- 
not be recalled, repealed or annulled. 

IR-llE-VERSq-BLE-NESS, n. State of being irreversible. 

IR-RE-VERS'I-BLY, adv. In a manner which precludes a 
reversal or repeal. 

IR-REV-0-€A-BIL'I-TY, or IR-REV'0-€A-BLE-NESS, n. 
State of being irrevocable. 

IR-REV'0-€A-BLE, a. [L. irrevocahilis.] Not to be recall- 
ed or revoked 3 that cannot be reversed, repealed or an- 
nulled. 

IR-REV'0-€A-BLY, adv. Beyond recall 3 in a manner pre- 
cluding repeal. 

IR-RE-VoK/A-BLE, a. Not to be recalled 3 irrevocable. 

t IR-REV^O-LU-BLE, a. That has no revolution. JMilton. 

IR'Rl-GATE, 75. t. [L. t>7*i^o.] 1. To water 3 to wet 3 to 
moisten 3 to bedew. 2. To water, as land, by causing a 
stream to flow upon it and spread over it. 

IR'RI-GA-TED, pp. Watered 3 moistened. 

IR'RI-GA-TING, ppr. Watering 3 wetting 3 moistening 

IR-RI-Ga*TION, 71. 1. The act of watering or moistening, 
— 2. In agriculture^ the operation of causing water to flow 
over lands for nourishing plants. 

IR-RIG'U-OUS, a. [h. irriguus.^ 1. Watered 3 watery 5 
moist. Milton. 2. Dewy 3 moist. Philips. 

IR-RIS'ION, 71. [L. irrisio.} The act of laughing at another. 

IR-RI-TA-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. Susceptibility of excitement 3 the 
quality of being easily irritated or exasperated. — 2. In 
physiology^ one of the four faculties of the sensorium, by 
which fibrous contractions are caused in consequence of 
the irritations excited by external bodies. 

IR'RI-TA-BLE, a. 1. Susceptible of excitement, or of heat 
and action, as animal bodies. 2. Very susceptible of anger 
or passion 3 easily inflamed or exasperated. — 3. In physiol- 
ogy ^ susceptible of contraction, in consequence of the ap- 
pulse of an external body. 

IR'RI-TANT, a. Irritating. 

IR'RI-TANT, 71. That which excites or irritates. Rush. 

IR'RI-TATE, 75. t. [L. 1. To excite heat and redness 

in the skin or flesh of living animal bodies, as by friction 3 
to inflame 3 to fret. 2. To excite anger 3 to provoke 3 to 
teeise 3 to exasperate. 3. To increase action or violence 3 
to heighten excitement in. 4. To cause fibrous contrac- 
tions in an extreme part of the sensorium, as by the ap- 
pulse of an external body. 

t IR'RI-TATE, part. a. Heightened. Bacon. 

I IR'RI-TATE, 75. t. [Low L. irritare.l To render null and 
void. 

IR'RI-TA-TED,pp. Excited 3 provoked 3 caused to contract. 

IR'RI-TA-TING, ppr. Exciting 3 angering 3 provoking 5 
causing to contract. 

IR-RI-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The operation of exciting heat, 
action and redness in the skin or flesh of living animals, 
by friction or other means. 2. The excitement of action 
in the animal system by the application of food, medicines 
and the like. 3. Excitement of anger or passion 3 provo- 
cation 5 exasperation 3 anger. — 4. In physiology, an exer- 
tion or change of some extreme part of the sensorium re- 
siding in the muscles or organs of sense, in consequence 
of the appulses of external bodies. 

IR'RI-TA-TIVE, a. 1. Serving to excite or irritate. 2. Ac- 
companied with or produced by increased action or irrita- 
tion. 

IR'RI-TA-TO-RY, a. Exciting 5 stimulating. Hales. 

IR-RO-Ra'TION, 71. [L. b'roratio.'\ The act of bedewing 3 
the state of being moistened with dew. 

IR-RUP'TION, 71. [L. irruptio.'\ 1. A bursting in 3 a break- 
ing, or sudden, violent rushing into a place. 2. A sudden 
invasion or incursion 3 a sudden, violent inroad, or en- 
trance of invaders into a place or country. « 

IR-RUP'TIVE, a. Rushing in or upon. 

IS, 75. i. [Sax. is', G. isf, D. is ; L. es«.] The third per- 
son singular of the substantive verb, which is composed of 
three or four distinct roots, which appear in the words am, 
he, are, and is. 

IS'A-BEL, 71. [Fr. isahelle.'] Isabel yellow is a brownish- 
yellow, with a shade of brownish-red. Kirwan. 

IS-A-G06'I€, I a. [Gr. eiaaywyiKos-] Introductory. 

IS-A-GOG'I-GAL, J Gregory. 

IS'A-GON, 71. [Gr. laos and yivvca.] A figure whose angles 
are equal. 

IS'A-TIS, 71. In zoology, the arctic fox or canis lagopus. 

IS-€III-AD'IG, a. [L. ischiadicus.] Pertaining to the hip, 
— The ischiadic passion is a rheumatic affection of the hip 
joint. It is called also sciatica. 

IS-€HU-RET'I€, a. Having the quality of relieving ischury, 

IS-€HU-RET'I€, 77. A medicine adapted to relieve ischury. 

IS'€HU-RY, 77. [Gr. A stoppage or suppression 

of urine. Coze. 

IS'E-RIN, 77. [G. eisen.] A mineral of an iron-black 

IS E-RINE, i color. Ure. 

ISH, a termination of English words, is in Sax. isc, Dan. isk, 
G. isch. Annexed to English adjectives, ish denotes 
diminution, or a small degree of the quality 3 as, whitish. 


Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE 3—ByLL, UNITE.— € as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as Sfl 3 TH as in this, t Obsolete. 


JAB 


470 


JAC 


from white. Ish, annexed to names^ forms a possessive 
adjective ; as in Stoedish, Danish^ English. Ish^ annex- 
ed to common iiouns, forms an adjective denoting a parti- 
cipation of the qualities expressed by the noun j ns foolish, 
from fool. 

I'SI-€LE, a pendant shoot of ice, is more generally written 
icicle. See Ice and Icicle. 

I'SIN-GLASS, n. [that is, isc or ice-glass.] A substance 
consisting chiefly of gelatin, of a firm texture and whitish 
color, prepared from the sounds or air bladders of certain 
fresh water fishes. It is used as an agglutinant, and in 
fining wines. 

T'SIN-GLASS-STONE. See Mica. 

IS'LAM-ISM, 71. [from the Ar. salama, to be free, safe or 
devoted to God.] The true faith, according to the Mo- 
hammedans ; Mohammedanism. 

TSL'AND, ) (I'land) n. [Sax. calond , D., G. eiland.] 1. A 

FLAND, I tract of land surrounded by water. 2. A 
large mass of floating ice is called an island of ice. 

ISL'AND-ER, (I'land-er) n. An inhabitant of an island. 

t ISL'AxVD-Y, a. Full of, or belonging to islands. Cotgrave. 

ISLE, ) (ile) n. [Fr. isle, or tie.] 1. A tract of land, sur- 

ILE, i rounded by water, ora detached portion- of land, 
iinbosomed in the ocean, in a lake or river. 2. A passage 
in a church. 


IS'LET, (idet) 71. A little island. 


I-SOGIl'RO-NAL, } a. [Gr. icrog and Ypoi'o?-] Uniform in 

I-SOCIFRO-NOUS, ) time 3 of equal time 3 performed in 
equal times. 

IS'O-LATE, V. t. [It. jsoZa.] To place in a detached situa- 
tion 3 to place by itself ; to insulate. 

I3'0-LA-TED, yp. or a. [Fr. isole.] Standing detached from 
others of a like kind ; placed by itself or alone. 

IS'O-LA-TING, ppr. Placing by itself or detached like an isle. 


I-SO-MORPIPISM, 71. [Gr. laog and pootpij.] The quality of 
a substance by which it is capable 01 replacing another in 
a compound, without an alteration of its primitive form. 

I-SO-MOIIPIPOUS, a. Capable of retaining its primitive 
form in a compound. Ed. Rev. 

IS'O-NO-MY, ??. [Gr. t<ro? and vo/70f.] Equal law 3 equal 
distribution of rights and privileges. Mitford. 

I-SO-PER-I-MET'RI-€AL, a. Having equal boundaries. 

J-SO-PE-RIM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. icog, -ne^i and perpov.] In 
geometry, the science of figures, having equal perimeters 
or boundaries. 

I-SOS'CE-LES, a. [Gr. ktockcXtjs.] Having two legs only 
that are equal. 

IS'R A-EL-ITE, 71. A descendant of Israel or Jacob 3 a Jew. 


IS-RA-EL-IT'ie, 

IS-RA-EL-FTISH, 




Pertaining to Israel. J. P. Smith. 


IS-O-THERM'AL, a. [Gr. taog and Oeppa.] Having an 
equal degree of heat or a like temperature. Ure. 

IS-O-TONTC, a. [Gr. laog and rovog.] Having equal tones. 

IS'SU-A-BLE, (ish'u-a-bl) a. That may be issued. — In laic, 
an issuable term is one in which issues are made up. 

IS'SUE, (islPu) 77. [Fr. i,<? 574 c.] 1. The act of passing or 

flowing out 5 a moving out of any inclosed place 5 egress. 
2. A sending out. 3. Event; consequence 3 end or ulti- 
mate result. 4. Passage out ; outlet. 5. Progeny 3 a 
child or children ; offspring. 6 . Produce of the earth, or 
profits of land, tenements or other property. — 7. In sur- 
gery, a fontanel ; a little ulcer made in some part of an an- 
imal body, to promote discharges. 8 . Evacuation ; dis- 
charge 3 a flux or running. — 9. In law, the close or result 
of pleadings ; the point of matter depending in suit, on 
which the parties join, and put the case to trial by a jury. 
10. A giving out from a repository 3 delivery. 

IS^SL^E, (ish'u) V. i. [It. uscire.] 1. To pass or flow out 3 to 
run out of any inclosed place ; to proceed, as from a source. 
2 . To go out 3 to rush out. 3. To proceed, as progeny 3 to 
spring. 4. To proceed ; to be produced 3 to arise 3 to grow 
or accrue. — 5. In legal pleadings, to come to a point in 
fact or law, on which the parties join and rest the deci- 
sion of the cause. 6 . To close 3 to end. 


I 


IS'SUE, (ish'u) V. t. 1. To send out 3 to put into circulation. 
2. To send out 3 to deliver from authority. 3. To deliver 
for use. 

IS'SUED, (ish'shud) pp. Descended 3 sent out. Shah. 
IS'SUE-LESS, (ish'u-les) a. Having no issue or progeny; 
wanting children. 

IS'SU-ING, ppr. Flowing or passing out; proceeding from 3 
sending out. 

IS'SU-II\'G, n. 1 . A flowing or passing out. 2. Emission 3 
a sending out 3 as of bills or notes. 

ISTH'MUS, (ist'nius) n. [L.] A neck or narrow slip of land 
by which two continents are connected, or by vvliich a 
peninsula is united to the main land. 

IT, pron. [Sax. hit ; D. het ,* G. es ; L. i<f.J 1 . A substitute 
or pronoun of the neuter gender, sometimes called demon- 
strative, and standing for any thing except males and fe- 
males. 2. It is much used as the nominative case or word 
to verbs called impersonal 3 as, it rains 3 it snows. 
I-TAL'IAN, a. Pertaining to Italy. 

UPAL'IAN, 71. 1 . A native of Italy. 2. The language used 
in Italy, or by the Italians. 

I-TAL'IAN-ATE, v. t. To render Italian, or conformable to 
Italian customs. 

I-TAL'IAN-IZE, V. i. To play the Italian 3 to speak Ital- 
ian. 

I-TAL'I€,_fl. Relating to Italy or its characters. 
I-TAL'I-CIZE, V. t. To write or print in Italic characters. 
UTAL'IGS, n. plu. Italic lettere or characters 3 characters 
first used in Italy, and which stand inclining. 

ITCH, 71. [Sax. gictha.] 1 . A cutaneous disease. 2. The 
sensation in the skin occasioned by the disease. 3. A 
constant teasing desire. 

ITCH, V. i. [G. jucken.] 1. To feel a particular uneasiness 
in the skin which inclines the person to scratch the part. 
2. To have a constark desire or teasing inclination. 
ITCH'ING, ppr. 1 . Having a sensation that calls for 
scratching. 2. Having a constant desire. 

ITCH'Y, a. Infected with the itch. 

I'TEM, adv. [L.] Also 3 a word used when something is 
_ to be added. 

I'TEM, n. 1. An article 3 a separate particular in an ac- 
count. 2. A hint 3 an innuendo. 

I'TEM, V. t. To make a note or memorandum of. 
flT'ER-A-BLE, a. That may be repeated. Brown. 
IT'ER-ANT, a. Repeating. Bacon. 

IT'ER-ATE, V. t. [L. itero.] To repeat 3 to utter or do a 
second time. 

IT'ER-A-TED, pp. Repeated. 

IT'ER-A-TING, ppr. Repeating ; littering or doing over 
again. 

IT-ER-a'TION, n. [L. iteratio.] Repetition 3 recital or per- 
formance a second time. Bacon. 

IT'ER-A-TiVE, a. Repeating. 

I-TIN'ER-ANT, a. [L. iter.] Passing or trav’eling about a 
country 3 wandering 3 not settled. 

I-TIN'ER-ANT, n. One who travels from place to place, 
particularly a preacher 3 one who is unsettled. 

I-TIN'ER-A-RY, n. [Fr. itineraire ; Low L. itinerarium.] 
An account of travels or of the distances of places. 
I-TIN'ER-A-RY, a. Traveling 3 passing from place to place, 
or done on a journey. Bacon. 

I-TIN'ER-ATE,l\ i. [Low L. iti/iero.] To travel from place 
to place, particularly for the purpose of preaching 3 to 
wander without a settled habitation. 

IT-SELF', pron. \i.t and self.] The neutral reciprocal pro- 
noun, or substitute applied to things. 

IT'TRI-UM, 71. The undecomposable base of yttria. 
I'VO-RY, 77 . [Fr. ivoiVc.] The tusk of an elephant, a hard, 
solid substance, of a fine white color. 

I'VO-RY, a. Consisting of ivory ; as, an ivory comb. 
I'VO-RY-BLA€K, n. A fine kind of soft blacking. 

I'VY, 71. [Sax. ifig.] A parasitic plant of the genus hedera, 
which creeps along the ground. 

I'VYED, a. Overgrown with ivy, JVarton. 



J This letter has been added to the English Alphabet in 
• modern days 3 the letter I being written, formerly, in 
words where J is now used. It seems to have had the 
sound ofy, in many words, as it still has in the German.. 
The English sound of this letter may be expressed by dzh, 
or edzh, a compound sound coinciding exactly with that 
of g in genius. 

JAB'BER, V. i. [D. gabberen, or Fr. jaboter.] To talk rapid- 
ly or indistinctly ; to chatter ; to prate. Sicift. , 

JAB'BER, 71. Rapid talk with indistinct utterance. 


JAB'BER-ER, n. One that talks rapidly, indistinctly or un- 
intelligibly; 

JAB'BER-ING, ppr. Prating 3 talking confusedly. 

t JAB'BER-MENT, 71. Idle prate. Milton. 

JAB'I-RU, 71. An aquatic fowl of the crane kind. 

JAC'A-MAR, 77 . A kind of fowls. 

Ja'CENT, a. [L.jucc 775 .] Lying at length. Wotton. 

Ja'CINTH, n. [a different orthography of hyacinth.] 1. A 
genus of plants. [SccHyacinth.] 2. A species of pellucid 
gems. 


* See Synopsis. A, 15, I, O, tT, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT 3 — PR£Y 3 — PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3 -^ | Obsolete. 


jAa 


471 


JAR 


JA€K, 71. 1. A nickname or diminutive of Jo?in, used as a 
general term of contempt for any saucy or paltry fellow, 
a. The name of an instrument that supplies the place of a 
boyj an instrument to pull olF boots. 3. An engine to 
turn a spit. 4. A young pike. 5. [Sp. xaco, xaqueta.] 
A coat of mail. 6. A pitcher of waxed leather. 7. A 
small bowl thrown out for a mark to the bowlers. 8. Part 
of a musical instrument called a virginal. Bacon. 9. The 
male of certain animals, as of the ass. 10 A horse or 
wooden frame on which wood or timber is sawed. — 11. In 
sea-language^ a Hag, ensign or colors, displayed from a 
staff on the end of a bowsprit. — 12. In Yorkshire^ half a 
pint. Grose. A quarter of a pint. Pegge. — Jack at all 
trades, a person who can turn his hand to any kind of busi- 
ness. — Jack by the hedge, a plant. — Jack in a box. 1. A 
plant. 2. A large, wooden, male screw, turning in a fe- 
male one. — Jack icith a lantern, an ignis fatuus, a meteor 
that appears in low, moist lands. — Jack of the clock-house, 
a little man that strikes the quarters in a clock. 

JA€K-A-DAN'DY, n. A little, impertinent fellow. See 
Dandipr^t. 

JA€K'A-LENT, n. [Jack in lent.'] A simple, sheepish fel- 
low. Shak. 

JA€K'A-NAPES, n. [jack and ape.] 1. A monkey j an ape. 
2. A coxcomb ; an impertinent fellow. 

JACK' ASS, 71. Tlie male of the ass. 

JACK'-BLOCK, 71. A block attached to the top-gallaiit-tie 
of a ship, to sway up or to strike the yard. 

JAGK'BOO^TS, n. Boots that serve as armor for the legs. 

JACK'D AW, 71. [jack and daic.] A fowl. 

JACK'FLAG, 71. A flag hoisted at the sprit sail top-mast- 
head. Encyc. 

JACK'PCD-DING, n. [jack and pudding.] A merry-an- 
drew ; a buffoon ; a zany. Gay. 

JACK'SAUCE, n. An impudent fellow ; a saucy Jack. Shak. 

JACK'SMITH, 71. A smith who makes jacks for the chim- 
ney. 

JACK'AL, 71. [Sp. chacal.] An animal of the genus canis, 
resembling a dog and a fox. 

JACK'ET, 71. [Sp. xaqueta ; Fr. jaquette.] A short close 
garment worn by males, extending downwards to the 
hips ; a short coat. 

JACK'ET-ED, a. Wearing a jacket. 

JAC 0-BIN, n. [So named from the place of meeting, which 
was the monastery of the monks called .Jacobines.] The 
Jacobins, in France, during the late revolution, were a 
society of violent revolutionists. 

JAC'O-BIN, a. The same with jacobinical. 

JAC'O-BINE, 71. 1. A monk of the order of Dominicans. 2. 
A pigeon with a high tuft. Ainsworth. 

J AC-O-BIN'IC, } a. Resemblin g the Jacobins of France ; 

JAC-O-BIN'I-CAL, \ turbulent. 

JAC-O-BIN'ISM, 71. Jacobinic principles ; popular turbu- 
lence. 

JAC'O-BIN-TZE, V. t. To taint with Jacobinism. Bvrke. 

JAC'O-BITE, n. [from Jacobus.] 1. A partisan or adherent 
of James II. king of England, after he abdicated the 
throne, and of his descendants. 2. One of a sect of Chris- 
tians in Syria and Mesopotamia. 

JAC'O-BITE, a. Pertaining to the partisans of James II. 

JAC'O-BIT-ISM, n. The principles of the partisans of 
James II. Mason. 

Ja'COB’S-LAD'DER, 71. A plant. 

Ja'COB’S-STAFF, 71. 1. A pilgrim’s staff. 2. A staff con- 
cealing a dagger. 3. A cross staff ; a kind of astrolabe. 

JA-Co'BUS, n. [Jacobus.] A gold coin, value twenty-five 
shillings sterling, struck in the reign of Janies I. 

JAC-O-NET', 71. A kind of coarse muslin. 

t JAC'TAN-CY, 71. [Y. jactantia,] A boasting. 

J AC-TI-Ta'TION, n. [ti.jactatio.] 1 . A tossing of the body ; 
restlessness. 2. A term in the canon law, for a false pre- 
tension to marriage ; vain boasting. 

JAC'U-LATE, V. t. \1j. jaculor.] To dart. 

JAC-U-La'TION, 71. The action of darting, throwing or 
lanching, as missive weapons. Milton. 

JAC'U-LA-TOR, n. The shooting fish. 

JAG'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Darting or throwing out suddenly, 
or suddenly thrown out j uttered in short sentences. See 
Ejaculatory. 

JADE, 71. 1. A mean or poor horse ; a tired horse ; a worth- 
less nag. 2. A mean woman ; a word of contempt, noting 
sometimes age, but generally vice. 3. A young woman j 
in irony or slight contempt. 

JADE, 71. A mineral called also nephrite. 

JADE, V, t. 1. To tire ; to fatigue ; to weary with hard ser- 
vice. 2. To weary with attention or study ; to tire. 3. 
To harass ; to crush. 4. To tire or wear out in mean of- 
fices. 5. To ride ; to rule with tyranny. 

JADE, V. i. To become weary j to lose spirit ; to sink. 

JAD'ED, 7777. Tired; wearied; fatigued; harassed. 

JAD'ER-Y, 71. The tricks of a jade. Beaumont. 

JAD'ING,ppr. Tiring; wearying; harassing. 

JAD'ISH, a. ]. Vitious; bad, like a jade. 2. Unchaste. 

JAG, n. [Sp. zaga.] A small load. Mew England. 


JAGG, V. t. To notch ; to cut into notches or teeth like those 
of a saw. 

JAGG, or JAG, 71. A tooth of a saw ; a denticulation. — In 
botany , a cleft or division. Martyn. 

JAG'GED,7jp. 1. Isotched ; uneven. 2. a. Having notches 
or teeth ; cleft ; divided ; laciniate. 

JAG'GED-NESS, n. The state of being denticulated ; un- 
evenness. Peacham. 

JAG'GING,ppr. Notching; cutting into teeth ; dividing. 

JAG'GY, a. Set with teetJi ; denticulated ; uneven. 

JAG-U-AR', 71. The American tiger, or ounce of Brazil. 

JAH, 71. Jehovah. 

JaIL, 71. [Fr. geole ; sometimes written, improperly, gaol.] 
A prison ; a building or place for the confinement of per- 
sons arrested for debt or for crime. 

JaIL'BIRD, n. A prisoner; one who has been confined in 
prison . 

JaIL'ER, 77. The keeper of a prison. 

JaIL'FE-VER, 71. A contagious and fatal fever generated 
in jails and other places crowded with people. 

JAKES, 71. A house of ofiice or back-house ; a privy. 

*JAL'AP, 71. [Port. ^‘a/aj7a ; Fr. jalap ; Sp. xalapa ; so 
called from Xalapa, in Mexico.] The root of a plant, much 
used as a cathartic. 

■JAM, 71. 1. A conserve of fruits boiled with sugar and 
water. 2. A kind of frock for children. 

JAM, 7?. G [Russ, jeai.] 1. To press ; to crowd; to wedge 
in. — 2. In England, to tread hard or make firm by tread- 
ing, as land by cattle. Grose. 

JAM, or JAMB, n. Among the lead miners of Mendip, a 
thick bed of stone which hinders them when pursuing the 
veins of ore. 

JA-MaI'GA Pepper. See Allspice. 

JAMB, (jam) n. [Fr. jaTiifte.] In architecture, a. supporter; 
the side-piece or post of a door ; the side-piece of a fire- 
place. 

JAM-BEE', 71. A name formerly given to a fashionable cane. 
Tatler. 

t JAM'BEUX, 71. Armor for the legs. Dryden. 

JANE, 71. 1. Acoin ofGenoa. Spenser. 2. A kind of fustian, 

JAN'GLE, V. i. [G. zanken.] To quarrel in words ; to alter- 
cate ; to bicker; to wrangle. Shak. 

JAN'GLE, V. t. To cause to sound discordantly. 

JAN'GLE, 71. [Old Fr. ja7ijgZe.] Prate ; babble ; discordant 
sound. 

JAN'GLER, 71. A wrangling, noisy fellow. 

JAN'GLING, ppr. Wrangling; quarreling; sounding dis- 
cordantly. 

JAN'GLING, 71. A noisy dispute ; a wrangling. 

JAN'I-TOR, 71. [L.] A door-keeper ; a porter. Warton. 

JAN-I-Za'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Janizaries. 

JAN'I-ZA-RY, 71. [Turkish, yeniskeri.] A soldier of the 
Turkish foot guards. 

JAN'NOCK, 71. Oat-bread. [Local.] 

JAN'SEN-ISM, 71. The doctrine of Jansen in regard to free 
will and grace. 

JAN'SEN-IST, 71. A follower of Jansen, bishop of Ypres, in 
Flanders. 

JANT, V. i. To ramble here and there ; to make an excur- 
sion. Shak. 

JANT, 71. An excursion ; a ramble ; a short journey. 

JANT'I-LY, adv. Briskly ; airily ; gayly. 

JANT'I-NESS, 71. Airiness; flutter; briskness. 

JANT'Y, a. Airy; showy; fluttering; finical. Jlobbes. 

JAN'U-A-RY, 71. [Fr. janvier ; Port. jaTieiVo ; F. januarius.] 
The first month of the year, according to the present com- 
putation. 

JA-PAN', 71. This name is given to work varnished and 
figured in the manner practiced by the natives of Japan. 

JvV-PAN'-EARTH, n. Catechu, a combination of gummy 
and resinous matter, obtained from the juice of a species 
of palm tree. 

JA-PAN', V. t. 1. To varnish in the manner of the Japanese. 
2. To black and gloss, as in blacking shoes or boots. 

JAP-A-NeSE', a. Pertaining to Japan or its inhabitants. 

JAP-A-NeSE', 71. A native of Japan ; or the language of the 
inhabitants. 

JA-PAN'NED, (ja-pand') pp. Varnished in a particular 
manner. 

JA-PAN'NER, 71. 1. One who varnishes in the manner of 
the Japanese. 2. A shoe-blacker. 

JA-PAN'NING, ppr. Varnishing in the manner of the Jap- 
anese ; giving a glossy black surface. 

JA-PAN'NING, 71. The art of varnishing. 

fJAPE, 7?. 1. [\ce. geipa.] To jest. Chaucer. 

t JAPE, V. t. [Sax. geap.] To cheat. Chaucer. 

t JAPE, 71. A jest ; a trick. Chaucer. 

t JaP'ER, 71. A jester. 

JA-PHET'IC, a. Pertaining to Japheth, the eldest son of 
Noah. 

JAP'U, 71. A bird of Brazil that suspends its nest. 

JAR, V. i. 1. To strike together with a short rattle or tremu- 
lous sound ; to strike untunably or harshly ; to strike dis- 
cordantly. 2. To clash ; to interfere ; to act in opposition ; 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;~B[JLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


JEA 


472 


JES 


to be inconsistent. 3. To quarrel ; to dispute ; to clash in 
words. 4. To vibrate regularly ; to repeat the same sound. 
JAR, V. t. To shake ; to cause to tremble j to cause a short 
tremulous motion in a thing. 

JAR, n. 1 . A rattling vibration of sound ; a shake. 2. A 
harsh sound ; discord. 3. Clash of interests or opinions ; 
collision ; discord ; debate. 4. The state of a door half 
open, or ready to move and strike the post. 5. Repetition 
of the noise made by the pendulum of a clock. 

JAR, n. [Sp. jarra, jtfrro.] 1 . A vessel with a large belly 
and broad mouth, made of earth or glass. 2. A certain 
measure. 

JARARACA, 71. A species of serpent in America, 
t JAR'BLE, or f JAV'EL, v, t. To bemire. Spenser. 
JARDES, 71. [Fr.J Callous tumors on the leg of a horse, be- 
low the bend of the ham on the outside, 
t JAR'GLE, V. i. To emit a harsh or shrill sound. 

JAR^GON, 71. [Fr. jarffon.] 1. Confused, unintelligible talk 
or language ; gabble ; gibberish ; cant. 2. A mineral. 
JAR-GO-NELLE', (jar-go-nel') n. A species of pear.- 
JAR-GON'IC, a. Pertaining to the mineral jargon. 
JARRED, p/». [fromja?'.] Shaken. 

JARR'ING, Shaking} making a harsh sound 3 discord- 
ant. 

JARR'ING, 71. A shaking ; discord ; dispute. 

JA'SEY, 71. [corrupted from jarseij or jcrsey.~^ A worsted 
wig, and, in some places, a colloquial term tor a wig. 
JAS'HAWK, 71. A young hawk. Jiinsworth. 

JAS'MIN, I 71. [Fr. jasmin. It is sometimes written jcs.ya- 
JAS'MINE, I 7 /iine.j A plant of the genus j as minim, bear- 
ing beautiful flowers. 

JASP. The same us jasper. 

JAS'PA-CIIATE, 71. A name anciently given to some vari- 
eties of agate jasper. Cyc. 

JAS'PER, 71. [Fr. jaspc.] A mineral which admits of an ele- 
gant polish, and is used for vases, seals, snuff-boxes, &c. 
JAS'PER-A-TED, a. Mixed with jasper. 

JAS-P1-De'AN, a. Like jasper 3 consisting of jasper. 
JASTO-NYX, 71. The purest horn-colored onyx, 
t JAUNCE, 7 J. i. [Fr. janccr.] To bustle 3 to jaunt. Shah. 
JAUN'DICE, (j'An'dis) 71. [Fr. jauwisse.] A disease which is 
characterized by a suffusion of bile over the coats of the 
eye and the whole surface of the body, by which they are 
tinged with a yellow color. Hence its name. 
JAUN'DICED, (jan'dist) a. 1. Affected with the jaundice 5 
suffused with a yellow color. 2. Prejudiced} seeing with 
discolored organs. 

JAUNT. See Jant. 

f JAV'EL, or JAB'LE, v. t. To bemire 3 and, as a noun, a 
wandering or dirty fellow. Spenser. 

JAVE'LIN, (jav'lin) n. [Fr. javeline.] A sort of spear about 
five feet and a half long, the shaft of which was of wood, 
but pointed with steel. 

JAW, 71. [Fr. joiic, the cheek.] 1 . The bones of the mouth 
in which the teeth are fixed. 2. The mouth. — 3. In vul- 
gar language, scolding, wrangling, abusive clamor. 

JAW, V. i. To scold 3 to clamor. [ Vulgar.] 

JAW, V. t. To abuse by scolding. [ Vulgar.] 

JAWED, a. Denoting the appearance of the jaws. 
JAW'FALL.ti. Depression of the jaw 3 figuratively, depres- 
sion of spirits. J\I. Griffith. 

JAW'FALL-EN, a. Depressed in spirits 3 dejected. 
fJAWN, 7;. i. To yawn. Sec Yawn. 

Jf AW'Y, a. Relating to the jaws. Oayton, 

JXY, 71. [Fr. geai ,• Sp. gayo.] A bird. 

JAYET. See Jet. 

Ja'ZEL, 71. A gem of an azure blue color. 

JEAL'OUS, (jePus) a. [Fr. jaloitx.] 1. Suspicious 3 appre- 
hensive of rivalship 3 uneasy through fear that another 
has withdrawn or may withdraw from one the affections 
of a person he loves, or enjoy some good which he desires 
to obtain. 2. Suspicious that we do not enjoy the affec- 
tion or respect of others. 3. Emulous 3 full of competi- 
tion. 4. Solicitous to defend the honor of ; concerned for 
the character of. 5. Suspiciously vigilant 3 anxiously 
careful and concerned for. 6 . Suspiciously fearful. 
JEAL'OUS-LY, (jel'us-ly) adv. With jealousy or suspicion 3 
emulously ; with suspicious fear or vigilance. 
JEAL'OUS-NESS, (jel'us-nes) n. The state of being jeal- 
ous 5 suspicion 3 suspicious vigilance. King Charles. 
JEAL'OUS-Y, (jel'us-y) n. [Fr. jalousie.] 1. That passion or 
peculiar uneasiness, which arises from the fear that a rival 
may rob us of the affection of one whom we love, or the 
suspicion that he has already done it 5 or it is the uneasi- 
ness which arises from the fear that another does or will 
enjoy some advantage which we desire for ourselves. 
Jealousy is nearly allied to envy, for jealousy, before a good 
is lost by ourselves, is converted into envy, after it is ob- 
tained by others. 2. Suspicious fear or apprehension. 3. 
Suspicious caution or vigilance 3 an earnest concern or so- 
licitude for the welfare or honor of others. 4. Indignation. 
JEARS, n. In sea-language, an assemblage of tackles by 
which the lower yards of a sliip are hoisted or lowered. 
JEAT, 71. A fossil of a fine black color. See Jet. 


JEER, V. i. [G. schcren.] To utter severe, sarcastic reflec- 
tions 3 to scoff 3 to deride 3 to flout 3 to make a mock of. 

JEER, V. t. To treat with scoffs or derision. Howell. 

JEER, 71. Railing language 3 scoff; taunt} biting jest; 
flout 3 jibe 3 mockery 3 derision 3 ridicule with scorn. 

JEERED, pp. Railed at 3 derided. 

JEER'ER, 71. A scoffer 3 a railer 3 a sconier ; a mocker. 

JEER'ING, ppr. Scoffing 3 mocking 3 deriding. 

JEER'ING, 71. Derision. 

JEER'ING-LY, aiZy. With raillery 3 scornfully} contemptu- 
ously 3 in mockery. Derham. 

JEF'FER-SON-lTE, n. A mineral. Phillips. 

t JEG'GET, 71. A kind of sausage. Ainsworth, 

JE-HO'VAH, n. The Scripture name of the Supreme Being; 
Heb. mn*'. 

JE-HO'VIST, 71. Among critics, one who maintains that 
the vowel-points annexed to the word Jehovah, in He- 
brew, are the proper vowels of the word, and express the 
true pronunciation. 

JE-JuNE', a. [L,. jejunus.] 1. Wanting 3 empty 3 vacant. 
2. Hungry 3 not saturated. 3. Dry 3 barren 3 wanting in- 
teresting matter. 

JE-JuNE'NESS, 71. Poverty 3 barrenness ; particularly, 
want of interesting matter. [Jejanity is not used.] 

JEL'LIED, a. [See Jelly and Gelly.] Brought to the con- 
sistence of jelly. 

JEL'LY, 71. [Sp. jafea.] 1. The inspissated juice of fruit, 
boiled with sugar. 2. Something viscous or glutinous ; 
something of the consistency of jelly 3 a transparent, sizy 
substance, obtained from animal substances by decoction 3 
portable soup. 

JEL'LY-BAG, n. A bag through which jelly is distilled. 

JEM'MI-NESS, 71. Spruceness. 

JEM'MY, a. Spruce. Whiter. [A low word.] 

JEN'ITE, 71. A different orthography of yenite, which see. 

JEN'NET, 71. A small Spanish horse, properly genet. 

JEN'NET-ING, n. [said to be corrupted from juneting, an 
apple ripe in June, or at St. Jean.] A species of early 
apple. Mortimer. 

JEN'NY, 71. A machine for spinning, moved by water or 
steam, and used in manufactories. 

JENT'LING, 71. A fish, the blue chub, found in the Danube. 

JEOF'AIL, (jeffail) 71. [Fr. j’ai failli.] An oversight in 
pleading or other proceeding at law ; or the acknowledg- 
ment of a mistake. 

JEOP'ARD, (jep'ard) v. t. To hazard 3 to put in danger 3 to 
expose to loss or injury. 

JEOP'ARD-ER, (jep'ard-er) n. One who puts to hazard. 

JEOFARD-lZE, (jep'ard-ize) v. t. To expose to loss or inju- 
ry 3 to jeopard. [This is a modern word, used in America, 
but synonymous with jeopard, and therefore useless.] 

JEOP'ARD-OUS, (jep'ard-us) a. Exposed to danger; peril- 
ous; hazardous. 

JEOP'ARD-OUS-LY, (jep'ard-us-ly) adv. With risk or 
danger. 

JEOP'ARD-Y, (jep'ard-y) n. [Fr. j’ai perdu, I have lost, or 
jeu perdu, a lost game ; G. gefahr, danger.] Exposure to 
death, loss or injury 3 hazard 3 danger 3 peril. 

JER'BO-A, 71 . A quadruped having very short fore legs. 

JERK, v.t. [Sax. hrmcan, herca.] 1. To thrust out 3 to 
thrust with a sudden effort 3 to give a sudden pull, twitch, 
thrust or push. 2 . J’o throw with a quick, smart motion. 

t JERK, V. t. To accost eagerly. Dryden. 

JERK, 71 . 1. A short, sudden thrust, push or twitch ; a 
striking against something with a short, quick motion. 
2. A sudden spring. 

JERK'ER, 71 . One who strikes with a quick, smart blow. 

JERK'IN, 71. 1. A jacket ; a short coat 3 a close waistcoat. 
South. 2. A kind of hawk. Ainsworth. 

JER'SEY, 71 . [from the island so called.] 1. Fine yarn of 
wool. 2. The finest of wool separated from the rest 3 
combed wool. 

JE-Rtj'SA-LEM XR'TI-CHOKE, n. A plant. 

JESS, 71 . 1. A short strap of leather tied round the legs of a 
hawk, by which she is held on the fist. 2. A ribbon that 
hangs down from a garland or crown in falconry. 

JES'SA-MIN, n. A genus of plants and their flowers. See 
Jasmi n. 

JES'SE, 71 . A large brass candlestick branched into many 
sconces, hanging down in the middle of a church or choir. 
Cow el. 

JESSED, a. Having jesses on 3 a term in heraldry. 

JEST, 71 . [Sp. and Port, chiste.] 1. A joke 3 something lu- 
dicrous uttered and meant only to excite laughter. 2 . 
The object of laughter or sport ; a laughing stock. 3. A 
mask. 4. A deed ; an action ; [ 0 & 5 .] 

JEST, V. i. 1. To divert or make merry by words or actions 3 
to joke. 2. To utter in sport ; to say what is not true, 
merely for diversion. 3. To play a part in a mask. 

JEST'ER, 7 i. 1. A person given to jesting, sportive talk and 
merry pranks. 2. One given to sarcasm. 3. A buffoon ; 
a merry-andrew, a person formerly retained by princes to 
make sport for them. 


* See Synopsis. A,K,1, 6, tJ, Y, long.--FAR, FALL, WHAT 3 — PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3 — t Obsolete. 


JOH 


JIG 473 


JEST'ING, pj^r. Joking ; talking for diversion or merri- 
ment. 

JEST'ING, 71. A joking ; concise wit. Encyc. 

JEST'ING-LY, adv. In a jocose manner ; not in earnest. 

JEST'IXG-STO€K, n. A laughing-stock 3 a butt of ridi- 
cule. 

JES'U-IT, n. One of the society of Jesus, so called, founded 
by Ignatius Loyola. 

JES'U-IT-ED, a. Conforming to the principles of the Jesu- 
its. White. 

JES'U-IT-ESS, n. A female Jesuit in principle. Bp. Hall. 

JES-U-IT<I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to the Jesuits or their 

JES-U-IT'I-€AL, \ principles and arts. 2. Designing 3 
cunning ; deceitful 3 prevaricating. 

JES-U-IT'I-€AL-LY, adv. Craftily. 

JES<U-IT-ISM, n. 1. The arts, principles and practices of 
the Jesuits. 2. Cunning 3 deceit 3 hypocrisy 3 prevarica- 
tion 5 deceptive practices to effect a purpose. 

JES'U-ITS’-BARK, n. Peruvian bark 3 the bark of the cin- 
chona, a tree of Peru. 

JET, 71. [D.git; Fr. jayet.] A solid, dry, black, inflamma- 
ble fossil substance. 

JET, 71. [Fr. jet ; It. getto.] 1. A spout, spouting or shoot- 
ing of water. 2. A yard. Tusser. 3. Drift 3 scope 3 [not 
in use, or local.] 

JET, V. i. 1 . To shoot forward 5 to shoot out 3 to project 5 
to jut 3 to intrude. 2. To strut 3 to throw or toss the body 
in haughtiness. 3. To jerk 3 to jolt 3 to be shaken. See 
Jut. 

JET'TE AU, (jet'to) n. [Fr. jet d’eau.] A throw or spout of 
water. Addison. 

JET'SAM, JET'SON, or JET-TI-SON, n. [Fr. jetter.] In 
laiD and commerce, properly, the throwing of goods over- 
board in order to lighten a ship in a tempest for her pres- 
ervation. 

JET'TEE, n. A projection in a building. 

JET'TER, 71. A spruce fellow 5 one who struts. 

JET'TY, v.i. To jut. 

JET'TY, 71. A small pier or projection into a river for nar- 
rowing it and raising the water above that place. 

JET'TY, a. Made of jet, or black as jet. Pope. 

JET'TY-HEAD, n. The projecting part of a wharf 3 the 
front of a wharf whose side forms one of the cheeks of a 
dock. 

JEW, 71. [a contraction of Judas or Judah.] A Hebrew or 
Israelite. 

JEW'EL, 71. gioiello j Fr. joy au ^ Sp. joya, joyel ; G. 
jxiwel ; D. juwccl.] 1. An ornament worn by ladies, usu- 
ally consisting of a precious stone, or set with one or 
more 5 a pendant worn in the ear. 2. A precious stone. 
3. A name expressive of fondness. 

JEW'EL, V. t. To dress or adorn with jewels 

JEW'EL-HOUSE, or JEW'EL-OF'FICE, n. The place 
where the_ royal ornaments are reposited. Shak. 

JEW'EL-LlKE, a. Brilliant as a jewel. Shak, 

JEW/ELED, pp. Adorned with jewels. 

JEW^EL-ER, 71. One who makes or deals in jewels and 
other ornaments. 

JEW'EL-ING, ppr. Adorning with jewels. 

JEW/EL-RY, 71. Jewels in general. 

JEW'ESS, 71. A Hebrew woman. Acts, xxiv. 

JEW'ISH, a. Pertaining to the Jews or Hebrews. 

JEW'ISH-LY, adv. In the manner of the Jews. Donne. 

JEW'ISH-NESS, 71. The rights of the Jews. Martin. 

JEW'R’i^, 71. Judea ; also, a district inhabited by Jews. 

JEWS'-eAR, 71. The name of a species of fungus. 

JEWS-FRANK-IN'CENSE, n. A plant. 

JEWS'-HARP, 71. [Jew and harp.] An instrument of music 
shaped like a harp, which, placed between the teeth, and 
by means of a spring struck by the finger, gives a sound 
which is modulated by the breath into soft melody. It is 
called, also, .Tews-trump. 

JEWS'-MAL-LoW, n. A plant, a species of corchorus. 

JEWS'-PITCH, 71. Asphaltum, which see. 

JEWS'-STOXE, 71. The clavated spine of a very large egg- 
shaped sea urchin petrified. 

JEZ'E-BEL, 71. An impudent, daring, vicious woman. 

JIB, 71. The foremost sail of a ship, being a large stay-sail 
extended from the outer end of the jib-boom towards the 
fore-topmast-head. 

JIB, V. t. To shift a boom-sail from one side of the mast to 
tlie other. 

JIB-BOOM, 71. A spar which is run out from the extremity 
of the bowsprit, and which serves as a continuation of it. 

JI-BOY'A, 71. An American serpent of the largest kind. 

JI€K'A-JOG, 71. [a cant word from jag'.] A shake 3 a push. 
B. Jonson. 

JIF'FY, 71. An instant. 

JIG, 71. [It. giga ; Fr. gigue.] 1. A kind of light dance, or 
a tune or air. 2. A ballad. 

JIG, v. i. To dance a jig. 

JIG'GER, 71. In sea-language, a machine used to hold on 
the cable when it is heaved into the ship, by the revolu- 
tion of the windlass. 


JIG^GISH, a. Suitable to a jig. 

^ trinket 5 a knick-knack. Hudibras. 

JIG Ma-KER, 71. 1. One who makes or plays jigs. Shak. 

2. A ballad maker. Dekker. ® 

JIGTIN, 71 . A pin used by miners to hold the turn-beams, 

and prevent them from turning. 

JILL, 71. A young woman, in contempt. See Gill. 

JILL^— FLIRT, 71. A light, wanton woman. Guardian. 

JILT, 71. I. A woman who gives her lover hopes, and ca- 
priciously disappoints him ; a woman who trifles with her 
lover. 2. A name of contempt for a woman. 

JILT, V. t. To encourage a lover, and then frustrate his 
hopes 3 to trick in love 3 to give hopes to a lover, and then 
reject him. Dryden. 

JILT, V. i. To play the jilt 3 to practice deception in love, 
and discard lovers. Congreve. 

JIM'MERS, 71. Jointed hinges. Bailey. 

JIMP, a. Neat 3 handsome 3 elegant of shape. 

JIN'GLE, V. i. To sound with a fine, sharp rattle 3 to clink. 

JIN'GLE, V. t. To cause to give a sharp sound, as a little 
bell, or as pieces of metal. Pope. 

JIN'GLE, 71. 1. A rattling or clinking sound, as of little 
bells or pieces of metal. 2. A little bell or rattle. 3. 
Correspondence of sound in rhymes. 

JIN'GLING, ppr. Giving a sharp, fine, rattling sound, as a 
little bell, or as pieces of metal. 

JIP'PO, n. [Fr. jupe.] A waistcoat or kind of stays for fe- 
males. 

JOB, n. 1. A piece of work 3 any thing to be done, whether 
of more or less importance. 2. A lucrative business 3 an 
undertaking with a view to profit. 3. A sudden stab 
with a pointed instrument . — To do the job for one, to kill 
him. 

JOB, V. t. 1. To strike or stab with a sharp instrument. 2. 
To drive in a sharp-pointed instrument. Mozon. 

JOB, V. i. To deal in the public stocks 3 to buy and sell as 
a broker. Pope. 

JOB'BER, n. I. One who does small jobs. 2. A dealer in 
the public stocks or funds 3 usually called a stock-jobber. 

3. One who engages in a low, lucrative affair. 

JOB'BER-NOWL, n. [F\.jobbe, and Sax. knol.] A logger- 

head 3 a_blockhead. [A low word.] Hudibras. 

JoB’S'-TeARS, 71. A plant of the genus coix. 

JOGK'EY, 71. [said to be from Jackey, a diminutive of Jack, 
John 3 primarily, a boy that rides horses.] 1. A man that 
rides horses in a race. 2. A dealer in horses 3 one who 
makes it his business to buy and sell horses for gain. 3. 
A cheat 3 one who deceives or takes undue advantage in 
trade. 

JOGK'EY, V. t. 1. To cheat 3 to trick 3 to deceive in trade. 
2. To jostle by riding against one. Johnson. 

JOGK'EY-SHIP, n. The art or practice of riding horses. 
Cowper 

JO-CoSE-, a. [L. jocos775.] I. Given to jokes and jesting 3 
merry 3 waggish. 2. Containing a joke 3 sportive 3 merry. 

JO-€oSE'LY, adv. In jest 3 for sport or game 3 waggishly. 
Broome. 

JO-€oSE'NESS, 71. The quality of being jocose 3 waggery 3 
merrment. [Jocosity is not used.] 

J0-€0 -Se'RI- 0US, a. Partaking of mirth and seriousness. 
Green. 

JOC'U-LAR, a. [h. jocular is.] 1. Jocose 3 waggish 3 merry 3 
given to jesting. 2. Containing jokes 3 sportive 3 not 
serious. 

JOC-U-LAR'I-TY, n. Merriment 3 jesting. Brown. 

JO€'U-LAR-LY, adv. In jest 3 for sport or mirth. 

t JOC'U-L AR-Y, a. Jocular. Bacon. 

JOC'U-LA-TOR, 71. [LJ A jester 3 a droll 3 a minstrel. 

JO€'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Droll 3 merrily said. 

JOC'UND, a. [L. jocundus.] Merry 3 gay 3 airy 3 lively 3 
sportive. Prior. 

JO-€UND'I-TY, or JOC'UND-NESS, n. State of being 
merry 3 gayety. 

JOC'UND-LY, adv. Merrily 3 gayly. 

JOG, V. t. To push or shake with the elbow or hand 3 to 
give notice or excite attention by a slight push. 

JOG, v.i. 1. To move by jogs or small shocks, like those of 
a slow trot. Milton. 2. To walk or travel idly, heavily 
or slowly. 

JOG, 71. 1. A push 3 a slight shake 3 a shake or push in- 
tended to give notice or awaken attention. 2. A rub 3 a 
small stop 3 obstruction. 

JOG'GER, 71. I. One who walks or moves heavily and 
slowly. 2. One who gives a sudden push. 

JOG'GING, ppr. Pushing slightly. 

JOG'GING, 71. A slight push or shake. 

JOG'GLE, V. t. [from jog.] To shake slightly 3 to give a 
sudden but slight pusli. 

JOG'GLE, V. i. To shake. Derham. 

JOG'GLED, pp. Slightly shaken. 

JOG'GLING, ppr. Shaking slightly. 

JO-HAN'NES, 71. [John, Latinized.J A Portuguese gold 
coin of the value of eight dollars 3 contracted often into 
joe ; as, ^.joe, or half-joe. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 3— BIILL, UNITE.— 


C as K 5 0 as J 3 S as Z 5 CH as SH 5 TH as in this, f Obsolete 


474 


JUB 


JOL 


JOHN, n. A word often used in contempt 3 as, a country 
John> 

JOHN'AP-PLE, 71 . A sort of apple, good for spring use, 
when other fruit is spent. Mortimer. 

JOIN, 77. t. [Fr. joindre.] 1 . To set or bring one thing in 
contiguity with another. 2. To couple ; to connect j to 
coinbine. 3 . To unite in league or marriage. 4 . To as- 
sociate. 5 . To unite in any act. 6. To unite in concord. 

JOIN, V. i. 1 . To grow to 3 to adhere. 2 . To be contigu- 
ous, close or in contact. 3 . To unite with in marriage, 
league, confederacy, partnership or society. 

JOIN'DER, n. A joining 3 as, xx. joinder in demurrer. 

JOINED, pp. Added 3 united 3 set or fastened together 3 
associated 3 confederated. 

JOIN'ER, 71 . One whose occupation is to construct things 
by joining pieces of wood 3 but appropriately and usually^ 
a mechanic who does the wood-work in the covering and 
linishing of buildings. 

JOIN'ER- V", n. The art of fitting and joining pieces of tim- 
ber in the construction of utensils or parts of a building, 
so as to form one entire piece. 

JOIN'HAND, n. Writing in which letters are joined in 
words 5 as distinguished from writing in single letters. 

JOIN'ING, ppr. Adding 3 making contiguous 3 uniting 3 con- 
federating. 

JOINT, 71 . [Fr. joint.] 1 . The joining of two or more 
things. — 2 . In anatomy^ the joining of two or more bones 3 
an articulation 3 as the elbow, the knee, or the knuckle. 
3 . A knot 5 the union of two parts of a plant 5 or the space 
between two joints 3 an internode. 4 . A hinge 3 a junc- 
ture of parts which admits of motion. 5 . The place where 
two pieces of timber are united. — 6. In joinery^ straight 
lines are called a joint, when two pieces of wood are 
planed. 7 . One of the limbs of an animal cut up by the 
butcher . — OtU of joint, luxated 5 dislocated. 

JOINT, a. 1 . Shared by two or more 3 as joint property. 
2 . United in the same profession 3 having an interest in 
the same thing. 3 . United 5 combined 3 acting in concert. 

JOINT, V. t. 1 . To form with joints or articulations. 2 . 
To form many parts into one. 3 . To cut or divide into 
joints or quarters. 

JOINT'ED, pp. ]. Formed with articulations, as the stem 
of a plant. 2 . Separated into joints or quarters. 

JOINT'ER, 71 . A long plane, a joiner’s utensil. 

JOINT'-HEIR, (joint'-are) 71 . [joint and heir.] An heir hav- 
ing a joint interest with another. 

JOINT'LY, adv. 1 . Together 3 unitedly ; in concert 3 with 
cooperation. 2 . With union of interest. 

JOINT'RESS, n. A woman who has a jointure. 

JOINT'-STOGK, n. Stock held in company. 

JOINT'-STOOL, 71 . A stool consisting of parts united. 

JOINT-TEN' AN-CY, n. A tenure of estate by unity of in- 
terest, title, time and possession. 

JOINT-TEN'ANT, n. [joint and tenant.] One who holds 
an estate by joint tenancy. 

JOINT'URE, 71 . [Fr.] An estate in lands or tenements, 
settled on a woman in consideration of marriage, and 
which she is to enjoy after her husband’s decease. 

JOINT'URE, V. t. To settle a jointure upon. Cowley. 

JOINT'URED, pp. Endowed with a jointure. 

JOIST, 71 . [Scot, or ^cst.] A small piece of timber, 
such as is framed into the girders and summers of a build- 
ing to support a floor. 

JOIST, V. t. To fit in joists 3 to lay joists. 

JOKE, n. [li.jocus.] 1 . A jest 5 something said for the sake 
of exciting a laugh 3 something witty or sportive 5 raillery. 

2 . An illusion 3 something not real, or to no purpose . — In 
joke, in jest 3 for the sake of raising a laugh 3 not in 
earnest. 

JOKE, 77.1. [Ij.jocor.] To jest 3 to be merry in words or 
actions. 

JOKE, V. t. To rally 3 to cast jokes at 3 to make merry with. 

JOK'ER, 71 . A jester ; a merry fellow. Dennis. 

JoK'ING, ppr. Jesting ; making merry with. 

JoK'ING-LY, adv. In a jesting, merry way. 

JOLE, 71 . 1 . The cheek 5 used in the phrase, cheek by j ole, 
that is, with the cheeks together, close, tete k tete. Dry- 
den. 2 . The head of a fish. Pope. 

f JOIiE, or JoLL, 77. t. To strike the head against any 
thing ; to clash with violence. Shak. 

JOL'LI-LY, ado. With noisy mirth 3 with a disposition to 
noisy mirth. Dryden. 

f JOL'LT-MENT, 71. Mirth ; merriment. Spenser. 

JOL'Lt-NESS, ) n. 1 . Noisy mirth 5 gayety 3 merriment 5 

JOL'LI-TY, \ festivity. 2 . Elevation of spirit ; gayety. 

JOL'LY, a. [Fr. jolL] 1 . Merry ; gay 3 lively ; full of life 
and mirth 5 jovial. 2 . Expressing mirth or inspiring it. 

3 . Exciting mirth and gayety. 4 . Like one in high 

health ; pretU^ So 7 tth. ' 

JOL'LY-BoAT, 71 . A small boat belonging to a ship. 

JoLT, 77. i. To shake with short, abrupt risings and fallings. 

JoLT, V. t. To shake with sudden jerks, as in a carriage on 
rough ground, or on a high trotting horse. 

JoLT, 71. A shock or shake by a sudden jerk. Swift. 


JoLT'ER, 71 . He or that which jolts. 

JoLT'IIEAD, 71 . A greathead 5 a dunce ; a blockhead. 

JoLT'ING, ppr. Giving sudden jerks or shakes. 

* JoN'dUIL, 71 . [Fr. jo 7 iguille.] A plant of the genus na?*- 
cissus or daffodil, bearing beautiful flowers. 

JOR'UEN, 71 . A vessel for chamber uses. Swift. 

Jo'RUM, n. A colloquial term, in several parts of England, 
for a bowl or drinking vessel with liquor in it. 

Jo'SEPH, n. A riding coat or habit for women, with but- 
tons down to the skirts, formerly much in use. 

JO'SEPH’S FLOW-ERS, n. A plant. 

Jo'SO, 71 . A small fish of the gudgeon kind. ' 

JOS'TLE, (jos'sl) 77. t. [Fr. jouter. Written also jwstZe.] To 
run against 5 to push. 

JOS'TLED, pp. Run against 5 pushed. 

JOS'TLING, yp?’. Running against 3 pushing. 

JOS'TLING, 77. A running against 3 a crowding. 

JOT, 77. [Gr. iwra.] An iota 3 a point 3 a tittle 3 the least 
quantity assignable. 

JOT, 77. t. To set down 5 to make a memorandum of. 

JOT'TJNG, 77. A memorandum. Todd. 

t JOU-IS'S ANCE, 77,. [Fr.] Jollity 3 merriment. Spenser. 

JOUNCE, 77. t. To shake 3 to jolt. Used as a noun, for a 
jolt or shake. 

JOUP, 77. t. To .shake up 5 to dash. Oi'ose. 

JoUR'NAL, (jur'nal) 71. [Fr. joiirnal ; It. giornale ; L. di- 
urnum.] 1 . A diary 3 an account of daily transactions and 
events 3 or the book containing such account. — 2 . Among 
merchants, a book in which every particular article or 
charge is fairly entered from the waste-book or blotter. — 
3 . In navigation, a daily register of the ship’s course and 
distance, the winds, weather, and other occurrences. 4 . 
A paper published daily, or other newspaper ; also, the 
title of a book or pamphlet published at stated times. 

t JoUR'NAL, a. [Fr. jouryiale.] Daily 3 quotidian. Spenser. 

JoUR'NAL-lST, (jurWl-ist) n. The writer of a journal or 
diary. 

JoUR'NAL-IZE, ( jur'nal-ize) 77. t. To enter in a journal. 

JoUR'NEY, (jur'ny) 77. [Fr. jimr 77 ee.] 1 . The travel of a 
day 3 [0&5.] 2 . Travel by land to any distance and for 
any time, indefinitely. 3 . Passage from one place to 
another. 4 . It may sometimes include a passing by water. 

JOUR'NEY, (jur'ny) v. i. To travel from place to place 3 to 
pass from home to a distance. 

JoUR'NEY-ING, ppr. Traveling 3 passing from place to 
place. 

JOUR'NEY-ING, n. A traveling or passing from one place 
to another. 

JOUR'NEY-MAN, 77. A mechanic who is hired to work for 
another in his employment. 

JOUR'NEY-WORK, n. Work done for hire by a mechanic 
in bis proper occupation. 

JOUST. Sec Just. 

JOVE, 71. [L. Jovis, gen. of Jupiter.] 1 . The name of the 
supreme deity among the Romans. 2 . The planet Jupi- 
ter. 3 . The air or atmosphere, or the god of the air. 

Jo'VI-AL, a. Under the influence of Jupiter, the planet. 

JO'VI-AL, a. [Fr. and Sp. jovial It. gioviale.] 1 . Gay 3 
merry 3 airy 3 joyous 3 jolly. 2 . Expressive of mirth and 
hilarity. 

Jo'VI-AL-IST, 77. One who lives a jovial life. Hall. 

Jo'VI-AL-LY, ado. Merrily 3 gayly ; with noisy mirth. 

JO'VI-AL-NESS, 77. Noisy nrrth 3 gayety. 

JO'VI-AL-TY, 71 . Merriment 3 festivity. Barrow. 

JOWL, 77. The cheek. See Jole. 

JOWL'ER, 77. The name of a hunting dog, beagle or other 
dog. Dryden. 

JOW'TER, 77. A fish driver. Carew. 

JOY, 77. [Fr. joie.] 1 . The passion or emotion excited by 
the acquisition or expectation of good ; gladness 3 exulta- 
tion 3 exhilaration of spirits. 2 . Gayety 5 mirth ; festivi- 
ty. 3 . Happiness : felicity. 4 . A glorious and triumph- 
ant state. 5 . The cause of joy or happiness. 6. A term 
of fondness 5 the cause of joy. 

JOY, 77. t. To rejoice 3 to be glad ; to exult. 

JOY, 77. t. 1 . To give joy to 3 to congratulate 5 to entertain 
kindly. 2 . To gladden 3 to exhilarate. 3 . [Fr. joxdr.] 
To enjoy 5 to have or possess with pleasure, or to have 
pleasure in the possession of 3 [little used. See Enjoy.] 
Milton. Dryden. 

t JOY'ANCE, 77. [Old Fr. jom77t.] Gayety 3 festivity. 

JOYED, pp. Gladdened 3 enjoyed. 

JOY'FCL, a. Full of joy 5 very glad ; exulting. 

JOY'FUL-LY, adv. With joy ; gladly. Dryden. 

JOY'FilL-NESS, 71 . Great gladness 3 joy. 

JOY'LESS, a. 1 . Destitute of joy 3 wanting joy. 2 . Giving 
no joy or pleasure. 

JOY'LESS-LY, adv. Without joy. Milton. 

JOY'LESS-NESS, 77. State of being joyless. Donne. 

JOY'OUS, a. [Fr. joyeux.] 1 . Glad 3 gay 3 merry 3 joyful. 
2 . Giving joy. 

JOY'OUS-LY, adv. With joy or gladness. 

JOY'OUS-NESS, 77. The state of being joyous. 

t JUB, 77. A bottle or vessel. Chaucer. 


* Sec Synopsis. A, E, T, O, V, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT 5— PRfiY ;-PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3— f Obsolete. 


JUD 


475 JUM 


JO'BI-LANT, a. [h.jubilans.] Uttering songs of triumph j 
rejoicing ; shouting with joy. Milton. 

JU-B[-La'TION, ?t. [L. jabilatio.l The act of declaring 
triumph. 

JU'BI-LEE, 7J. [Fr. juUU ; L. jubilum.] 1. Among the 
Jeirs, every fiftieth year, being the year following the re- 
volution of seven weeks of years, at which time all the 
slaves were liberated, and all lands which had been alien- 
ated during the whole period reverted to their former 
owners. This was a time of great rejoicing. 2. A season 
of great public joy and festivity. 3. A church solemnity 
or ceremony celebrated at Rome, in which the pope grants 
plenary indulgence. 

JU-€UNDT-TY, n. [L. junmditas.] Pleasantness j agree- 
ableness. [Little used.] Brown. 

JU D \L I “* to the Jews. Milner. 

JU-Da'I-CAL-LY, adv. After the Jewish manner. 

Ju'DA-ISM, 11 . [Fr. Judaism c.] 1. The religious doctrines 
and rites of the Jews, as enjoined in the laws of Moses. 
_2. Conformity to the Jewish rites and ceremonies. 

JU'DA-IZE, v.i. [Fr. ja^fai^cr.] To conform to the reli- 
gious doctrines and rites of the Jews. 

JU'DA-iZ-ER, 11 . One who conforms to the religion of the 
Jews. Mac knight. 

Ju'DA-IZ-ING, ppr. Conforming to the doctrines and rites 
of the Jews. 

Ju'DAS-TREE, n. A plant of the genus cercU. 

JUD^DOGK, 11 . A small snipe, called, also, jack-snipe. 

JUDGE, n. [Fr. juge.] 1. A civil officer who is invested 
w'ith authority to hear and determine causes, civil or 
criminal, between parties. 2. The Supreme Being. 3. 
One who presides in a court of judicature. 4. One who 
has skill to decide on the merits of a question, or on the 
value of any thing ; one who can discern truth and pro- 
priety. — 5. In the history of Israel, a chief magistrate, 
with civil and military powders. 6. A juryman or 
juror. 

JUDGE, V. i. [Fr. jwffcr.] 1. To compare facts or ideas, and 
perceive their agreement or disagreement, and thus to 
distinguish truth from falsehood. 2. To form an opinion ; 
to bring to issue the reasoning or deliberations of the 
mind. 3. To Jiear and determine, as in causes on trial j 
to pass sentence. 4. To discern ; to distinguish ; to con- 
sider accurately for the purpose of forming an opinion or 
conclusion. 

JUDGE, V. t. 1. To hear and determine a case ; to examine 
and decide. 2. To try ; to examine and pass sentence 
on. 3. Rightly to understand and discern. 4. To cen- 
sure rashly; to pass severe sentence. 5. To esteem ; to 
think ; to reckon. 6. To rule or govern. 7. To doom to 
punishment j to punish. 

JUDGED, pp. Heard and determined; tried judicially ; 
sentenced; censured; doomed. 

JUDG'ER, n. One who judges or passes sentence. 

JUDGE'SHIP, (judj ship) n. The ofiice of a judge. 

JUDGTNG, ppr. Hearing and determining; forming an 
opinion ; dooming. 

JUDGEMENT, V. [Fr. jugemcnt.] 1. The act of judging; 
the act or process of the mind in comparing its ideas, to 
find their agreement or disagreement, and to ascertain 
truth. 2. The faculty of the mind by which man is ena- 
bled to compare ideas and ascertain the relations of terms 
and propositions. 3. The determination of the mind, 
formed from comparing the relations of ideas, or the com- 
parison of facts and arguments. — 4. In law, the sentence 
or doom pronounced in any cause, civil or criminal, by 
the judge or court by wdiich it is tried. 5. The right or 
power of passing sentence. 6. Determination ; decision. 
7. Opinion; notion. — 8. In Scriptwre, the spirit of wisdom 
and prudence, enabling a person to discern right and 
wrong, good and evil. 9. A remarkable punishment; an 
extraordinary calamity inflicted by God on sinners. 10. 
The spiritual government of the world. 11. The right- 
eous statutes and commandments of God are called his 
judgments. 12. The doctrines of the gospel, or God’s 
word. 13. Justice and equity. Luke xi. Is. i. 14. The 
decrees and purposes of God concerning nations. Rom. xi. 
15. A court or tribunal. Matt. v. 10. Controversies, or 
decisions of controversies. 1 Cor. vi. 17. The gospel, or 
kingdom of grace. Matt. xii. 18. The final trial of the 
human race, w hen God will decide the fate of every indi- 
vidual, and award sentence according to justice. 

JUDG'MENT-DaY, n. The last day, or day when final 
judgment will be pronounced on the subjects of God’s 
moral government. 

JUDG'MENT-H ALL, n. The hall where courts are held. 

JUDGOIENT-SkAT, n. 1. The seat or bench on which 
judges sit in court. 2. A court ; a tribunal. 

Ju DLGA-TTVE, a. Having pow'er to judge. Hammond. 

Ju/DI-CA-TO-RY, a. Dispensing justice. 

JO'DI-CA-TO-RY, 11 . \1j. judicatorium.] 1. A court of Jus- 
tice ; a tribunal. 2. Distribution of justice. 

Ju'DI-€A-T UR E, n. [Fr.] 1. The power of distributing 


justice by legal trial and determination. 2. A court of 
justice; a judicatory. 

JU-DI''CIAL, a. 1. Pertaining to courts of justice. 2. 
Practiced in the distribution of justice. 3. Proceeding 
from a court ot justice. 4. Issued by a court under its 
seal. 5. Inflicted, as a penalty or in judgment. 

JU-DI^UIAL-LY, adv. 1. In the forms of legal justice. 2. 
By way of penalty or judgment. 

JU-DI^UI A-R Y, a. [Fr. judiciaire.] 1. -Passing judgment 
or sentence. 2. Pertaining to the courts of judicature. 

JU-DI'UIA-RY, 71. That branch of government which is 
concerned in the trial and determination of controversies 
between parties, and of criminal prosecutions ; the system 
of courts of justice in a government. United States. 

JU-Dl^UIOUS, a. [Fr. judtcicM.'c.] 1. According to sound 
judgment ; wise ; prudent ; rational ; adapted to obtain a 
good end by the best means. 2. Acting according to 
sound judgment ; possessing sound judgment ; w'ise ; di- 
rected by reason and wisdom. 

JU-DI''C10US-LY, adv. With good judgment ; with dis- 
cretion or wisdom ; skillfully. 

JU-DP'CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of acting or being ac- 
cording to sound judgment. 

JUG, 11 . [D. jugge.] A vessel, usually earthen, wuth a 
swelling belly and narrow mouth, used for holding li- 
quors. 

JUG, V. i. To emit or pour forth a particular sound, as 
birds. 

JUG, 77. t. To call or bring together by a particular sound. 

JUG'GLE, v.i. [D. guichelen, or goochelen ; It. giocolare.] 
1. To play tricks by slight of hand ; to amuse and make 
sport by tricks, which make a false show^ of extraordinary 
powers. 2. To practice artifice or imposture. 

JUG'GLE, V. t. To deceive by trick or artifice. 

JUG'GLE, n. 1. A trick by legerdemain. 2. An impos- 
ture ; a deception. Tillotson. 

JUG'GLER, 71. [Sp. juglar ,* Fr. jongleur.] 1. One W’ho 
practices or exhibits tricks by slight of hand; one who 
makes sport by tricks of extraordinary dexterity. 2. A 
cheat ; a deceiver ; a trickish fellow. Skak. 

JUG'GLING, ppr. Playing tricks by slight of hand ; de- 
ceiving. 

JUG'GLING, 71. The act or practice of exhibiting tricks of 
legerdemain. 

JUG'GLING-LY, adv. In a deceptive manner. 

JU'GU-LAR, a. [L. jugulum.] Pertaining to the neck or 
throat; as the jugular vein. 

Ju'GU-LAR, 77. A large vein of the neck. 

Juice, 1 v 1 77. [D.juys; Fr. jus.] The sap of vege- 

JUSE, ) UUise; j part of animal sub- 

stances. 

Juice, v. t. To moisten. 

JuICE'LESS, (juse'Ies) a. Destitute of juice; dry; with- 
out moisture. More. 

JuIUI-NESS, (ju'se-nes) n. The state of abounding with 
juice ; succulence in plants. 

JuI'CY, (ju'sy) a. Abounding with juice ; moist ; succu- 
lent. Bacon. 

fJUlSE, 77. [h.jus.] Judgment ; justice. Gower. 

JUJUBE j name of a plant and of its fruit. 

t JUKE, v.i. [Fr. j?7c/7cr.] To perch. 

Ju'LEP, 77. [Fr. julep.] In pharmacy, a medicine serving 
as a vehicle to other forms of medicine. 

JU'LI-AN, a. Noting the old account of the year, as regu- 
lated by Julius Cesar. 

Ju'LI-AN ALPS, called, also, Carnian, between Venetia 
and Noricum. JD^Anville. 

Ju'LIS, 77. A small fish with a green back. 

JU'LUS, 77 . [Gr. 70i;Xof.] 1. In botany, a catkin or ament, 
a species of calyx or inflorescence. 2. A genus of multi- 
ped insects. 

JU-Ly', 77. The seventh month of the year, so called from 
Julius, the surname of Caius Cesar, who was born in this 
month. Before that time, this month was called Quintilis, 
or the fifth month from March. 

JU-LY'-FLOW-ER, 77. The name of certain species of 
plants. 

.Tu'MART, 77. [Fr.] The offspring of a bull and a mare. 

JUM'BLE, V. t. [Chaucer, jombre.] To mix in a confused 
mass ; to put or throw together without order. 

JUM'BLE, V. i. To meet, mix or unite in a confused man- 
ner. Swift. 

JUM'BLE, 77. Confused mixture, mass or collection without 
order. Swift. 

JUM'BLED, pp. Mixed or collected in a confused mass. 

t JUM'BLE-MENT, n. Confused mixture. 

JUM'BLER, n. One who mixes things in confusion. 

JUM'BLING, ppr. Putting or mixing in a contused mass. 

tJU'MENT, 77 . [Fr.; h.jumcntum.] A beast ot burden. 

JUMP, V. i. 1. To leap ; to skip ; to spring. 2. To spring 
over any thing ; to pass to at a Ieap> 3. To bound ; to 
pass from object to object ; to jolt. 4. To agree ; to tally ; 
to coincide. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


JUT 


JUS 47G 


JUMP, V. t. To pass by a leap 3 to pass over eagerly or 
hastily. 

JUMP, 71 . 1 . The act of jumping 3 a leap 3 a spring 3 a 
bound. 2 . A lucky chance. Shak. 

JUMP, n. [Fr.jupej It. giubb a.] A kind of loose or limber 
stays or waistcoat, worn by females. 

tJUMP, adv. Exactly 3 nicely. Hooker. 

JUMPIER, 71 . One who jumps. 

JUMP'ING, ppr. Eeaping 3 springing 3 bounding. 

JUNC'ATE, 11. \lt. giuncata.'\ 1. A cheese-cake 3 a kind 
of sweetmeat of curds and sugar. 2 . Any kind of deli- 
cate food. 3 . A furtive or private entertainment 3 [it is 
n o w w r itte n j jmA: ef . ] 

JUNO^OUS, a. [L. junceiLs, or juncosus.] Full of bulrushes. 

JUNO'TION, n. [Fr. 3 h.juncth.] 1 . The act or operation 
of joining. 2 . Union 3 coalition 3 combination. 3 . The 
place or point of union. 

JUNUT'URE, 71 . [h. junctura.] 1 . A joining 3 union 3 
amity. 2 . A union 01 two bodies 3 a seam 3 particularly, 
a joint or articulation. 3 . The line or point at which two 
bodies are joined. 4 . A point of time 3 particularly, 0. 
point rendered critical or important by a concurrence of 
circumstances. 

JUNE, 71 . [Li.junius; Fr. jam.] The sixth month of the 
year, when the sun enters the sign Cancer. 

JUN'GLE, 71 . [Hindoo.] In Hindostan, a thick wood of 
small trees or shrubs. Asiat. Res. 

JUN'GLY, a. Consisting of jungles 3 abounding with jun- 
gles. Asiat. Res. 

*JO'NI-OR, a. [L.] Younger 3 not as old as another. 

* Ju'NI-OR, n. A person younger than another. 

JU-NI-OR'I-TY, n. The state of being junior. Bullokar. 

Ju'NI-PER, 11. [L. juniper us.] A tree or shrub bearing ber- 
ries of a bluish color. 

JUNK, n. [Ij.juncus.] 1 . Pieces of old cable or old cordage, 
used for making points, gaskets, mats, &c., and, when 
untwisted and picked to pieces, it forms oakum for filling 
the seams of ships. 2 . A small ship used in China 3 a 
Chinese vessel 3 [an eastern woi-d.] 

JUNK'ET, 71 . [See JuNCATE.] 1 . A sweetmeat. Shak. 2 . 
A stolen entertainment. 

JUiVK'ET, V. i. 1 . To feast in secret 3 to make an enter- 
tainment by stealth. Swift. 2 . To feast. 

JUN'TO, n. [Sp. junta ,* It. giunto.] A cabal 3 a meeting or 
collection of men combined for secret deliberation and 
intrigue for party purposes 3 a faction. 

JC'PI-TER, 71 . [L.] 1 . The supreme deity among the 
Greeks and Romans. 2 . One of the superior planets, re- 
markable for its brightness. 

JUP-PON', n. [Fr. jupon.] A short close coat. 

JO'RAT, 71. [Fr.] In England, a magistrate in some corpo- 
rations 3 an alderman, or an assistant to a bailiff. 

Ju'RA-TO-RY, a. [Fr. juratoire.] Comprising an oath. 

JU-RID'I-€AL, a. [L.^aridicris.] 1 . Acting in the distribu- 
tion of justice 3 pertaining to a judge. 2 . Used in courts 
of law or tribunals of justice. 

JU-RID'I-CAL-LY, adv. According to forms of law, or pro- 
ceedings in tribunals of justice 3 with legal authority. 

JU-RIS-€ON^SULT, n. L. juris consultus.] Among the 
Romans, a man learned in the law 3 a counselor at law 3 
a master of Roman jurisprudence. 

JU-RIS-DIG'TION, n. [Fr. 3 h. jurisdictio.] 1 . The legal 
power or authority of doing justice in cases of complaint 3 
the power of executing the laws and distributing justice. 
2 . Power of governing or legislating. 3 . The power or 
right of exercising authority. 4 . The limit within which 
power may be exercised. 

JU-RIS-DIC'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to jurisdiction. 

JU-RIS-DI€'TIVE, a. Having jurisdiction, jyiilton. 

JU-RIS-PRu'DENCE, n. [Fr. 3 L. jurisprudentia.] The 
science of law 3 the knowledge of the laws, customs and 
rights of men in a state or community, necessary for the 
due administration of justice. 

JU-RIS-PRU'DENT, a. Understanding law. West. 

JU-RIS-PRU-DEN'TIAL, a. Pertaining to jurisprudence. 

Ju'RIST, n. [Fr. jurists.] 1 . A man who professes the 
science of law 3 one versed in the law, or, more particu-- 
larly, in the civil law 3 a civilian. 2 . One versed in the 
law of nations, or who writes on the subject. 

Jfj'ROR, 71 . [E.jurator.] One that serves on a jury. 

JO'RY, n. [Fr. jure.] A number of freeholders, selected in 
the manner prescribed by law, empanneled and sworn to 
inquire into and try any matter of fact, and to declare the 
truth on the evidence given them in the case. 

JO'RY-MAN, 71 . One who is empanneled on a jury, or who 
serves as a juror. 

Ju'RY-MNST, 71 . A mast erected in a ship to supply the 
place of one carried away in a tempest or an engage- 
ment, &c. 

JUST, <7. [Fr. juste ,* L.justus.] 1 . Regular 3 orderly 3 due 3 
suitable. 2 . Exactly proportioned 3 proper. 3 . Full 3 
complete to the common standard. 4 . Full 3 true 3 a 
sense allied to the preceding, or the same. — 5 . In a moral 
sense, upright 3 honest 3 having principles of rectitude 3 


or conforrning exactly to the laws, and to principles of 
rectitude in social conduct 3 equitable in the distribution 
of justice. — 6. In an evangelical sense, righteous 3 reli- 
gious 3 influenced by a regard to the laws of God. 7 . 
Conformed to rules of justice 3 doing equal justice. 8. 
Conformed to truth 3 exact 3 proper 3 accurate. 9 . True 3 
founded in truth and fact. 10 . Innocent 3 blameless 3 
without guilt. 11 . Equitable 3 due 3 merited. 12 . True 
to promises 3 faithful. 13 . Impartial 3 allowing what is 
due 3 giving fair representation of character, merit or de- 
merit. 

JUST, adv. 1 . Close or closely 3 near or nearly, in place. 

2 . Near or nearly, in time 3 almost. 3 . Exactly 3 nicely 3 
accurately. 4 . Merely 3 barely 3 exactly. 5 . Nar- 
rowly. 

JUST, n. [Fr. jouste, now joute ; Sp.jasta.] A mock en- 
counter on horseback 3 a combat for sport or for exercise, 
in which the combatants pushed with lances and swords, 
man to man, in mock fight 3 a tilt 3 one of the exercises 
at tournaments. 

JUST, V. i. [Fr. jouter ; Sp. justar.] 1 . To engage in mock 
fight on horseback. 2 . To push 3 to drive 3 to justle. 

JUST'ICE, 71 . [Fr. 3 Sp.justicia; Jj. justitia.] 1 . The virtue 
which consists in giving to every one what is his due 5 
practical conformity to the laws and to principles of recti- 
tude in the dealings of men with each other 3 honesty 3 
integrity in commerce or mutual intercourse. 2 . Impar- 
tiality 3 equal distribution of right in expressing opinions 3 
fair representation of facts respecting merit or demerit. 

3 . Equity 3 agreeableness to right. 4 . Vindictive retribu- 
tion 3 merited punishment. 5. Right 3 application of 
equity. — 6. [Low L. justiciarius.] A j>erson commission- 
ed to hold courts, or to try and decide controversies and 
administer justice to individuals. 

JUST'ICE, v.t. To administer justice. [L.u.] Bacon. 

JUSTICE- A-BLE, a.. Liable to account in a court of just- 
ice. [LittZe used.] Hayward. 

t JUSTICE-MENT, n. Procedure in courts. 

JUSTI-CER, 7i. An administrator of justice. [Little used.] 
Bp. Hall. 

JUSTICE-SHIP, 71 . The office or dignity of a justice. 

JUS-TI^'CIA-BLE, a. Proper to be examined in courts of 
justice. 

JUS-TI'CIA-RY, or JUS-TI'CIAR, n. [L. i usticiaruis .] 
1 . An administrator of justice. 2 . A chief justice. 3 . 
One that boasts of the justice of his own act 3 [not used.] 

JUSTI-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be proved to be just 3 that 
may be vindicated on principles of law, reason, rectitude 
or propriety 3 defensible 5 vindicable. 

JUSTI-Fl-A-BLE-NESS, 77. The quality of being justifi- 
able 3 rectitude 3 possibility of being vindicated. 

JUSTI-FI-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that admits of vindi- 
cation or justification 3 rightly. 

JUST-I-FI-Ca'TION, 71 . [Fr.] 1 . The act of justifying 5 a 
showing to be just or conformable to law, rectitude or 
propriety 3 vindication 3 defense. 2 . Absolution. — 3 . In 
law, the showing of a sufficient reason in court, why a 
defendant did what he is called to answer. — 4 . In theoU 
ogy, remission of sin and absolution from guilt and pun- 
ishment. 

JUS-TIFI-CA-TIVE, a. Justifying 3 that has power to 
justify. 

JUS-TI-FI-€a'TOR, 71 . One who justifies. [Little used.] 

JUS-TIFI-CA-TO-RY, a. Vindicatory 3 deiensory. John- 
son. 

JUSTI-FI-ER, 71 . ]. One who justifies ; one who vindi- 
cates, supports or defends. 2 . He who pardons and ab- 
solves from guilt and punishment. 

JUSTI-FY, V. t. [Fr. jiLstifier.] 1 . To prove or show to be 
just, or conformable to law, right, justice, propriety or 
duty 3 to defend or maintain 3 to vindicate as right. — 2. 
In theology, to pardon and clear from guilt. 3 . To cause 
another to appear comparatively righteous, or less guilty 
than one’s self. 4 . To judge rightly of. 5 . To accept as 
just and treat with favor. 

JUSTI-FY, V. i. In printing, to agree 3 to suit 3 to conform 
exactly 3 to form an even surface or true line with some- 
thing else. 

JUS'TLE, (jus'sl) V. i. [See Jostle.] To run against ; to 
encounter 3 to strike against 3 to clash. 

JUS'TLE, (jus'sl) 7;. f. To push 3 to drive 3 to force by rush- 
ing against. 

JUST'LING, n. Shock 3 the act of rushing against each 
other. 

JUST'LY, adv. 1 . In conformity to law, justice or propri- 
ety 3 by right. 2 . According to truth and facts. 3 . Hon- 
estly 3 fairly 3 with integrity. 4 . Properly 3 accurately 3 
exactly. 

JUST'NESS, 71 . 1 . Accuracy 3 exactness. 2 . Conformity 
to truth. 3 . Justice ; reasonableness 3 equity. 

JUT, V. i. [a different spelling of jet.] To shoot forw^ard 3 
to project beyond the main body. 

JUT, n, A shooting forw'ard 3 a projection. 

jUT'TING, ppr. Shooting out 3 projecting. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, tj, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WH^T 3-PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


KEE 


477 

t JUT'TY, V. u To jut. Shak. 

JLTT'TY, 71. A projection in a building ; also, a pier or mole. 
JUT'-VVIN-Do VV, 71. A window that projects from the line 
of a building. 

JU'VE-NiLE, a. [L. juvenilis.] 1. Young; youthful; as, 
juvenile years or age. 2. Pertaining or suited to youth; 

. as, juvenile sports. 

JU-VE-NIL'I-TY, n. 1. Youthfulness; youthful age. 2. 


ICEE 

Light and careless manner ; the manners or customs of 
youth. 

JUX-1 A-POS'I-TED, a. [L. juxta, and posited.] Placed 
near ; adjacent or contiguous. Macquer. 

JUX-TA-PO-Sl''TION, 71. [L. jjiita, and positio 77 .] A pla- 
cing or being placed in nearness or contiguity ; as the 
parts of a substance or of a composition. 

JY'MOLD. SeeGiMMAL. 


K. 


K thc eleventh letter of the English Alphabet, isborrow- 
j ed from the Greeks, being the same character as the 
Greek kappa^ answering to the oriental kaph. It repre- 
sents a close articulation, formed by pressing tlie root of 
the tongue against the upper part of the mouth, with a de- 
pression of the lower jaw and opening of the teeth. It is 
usually denominated a guttural, but is more properly a 
palatal. Before all the vowels it has one invariable sound, 
corresponding with that of c before a, o and u, as in keel, 
ken. K is silent before n, as in kiiow, knife, knee. 

As a numeral, K stands for 250 ; and, with a stroke over it, 
thus, K, for 250,000. 

K AALING, 71. A bird, a species of starling. 

KAB'BOS, n. A fish of a brown color, without scales. 
KALE, 71. [L. cauZis.] Sea-cale, an esculent plant. 
KA-LEPDO-SGOPE, n. [Gr. KaXog, eiSog, and crKomo).] An 
optical instrument, invented by Dr. Brewster, for the pur- 
pose of creating and exhibitinga variety of beautiful colors 
and perfectly symmetrical forms. J^ew Ed. Enc. 
KAL'EN-DAR. See Calexdar. 

KAL'EN-DER, n. A sort of dervise. 

Ka'LI, n. A plant, a species of salsola, or glass-wort, the 
ashes of which are used in making glass. Hence alkali, 
which see. 

Ka'LIF. See Calif. 

KAL-LIG'RA-PIIY. See Calligraphy. 

KAL'MI-A, 71. The name of a genus of evergreen shrubs, 
natives of North America, called laurel. 

KAL'O-YER, 71 . A monk of the Greek church. See Calo- 

YER. 

t KAM, a. [VV. caTn.l Crooked. Shak. 

KAN, K A UN, or KHAN, n. In Persia, an officer answer- 
ing to a governor in Europe or America. — Among the 
Tartars, a chief or prince. See Khan. 

KAN-GA-ROO', n. A singular animal found in New Hol- 
land, resembling, in some respects, the opossum. 
Ka'O-LIN, 71. A species of earth or variety of clay. 
KAR'A-GANE, n. A species of gray fox. Tooke. 
KARPfPO-LITE, 77. [Gr. Kap(pog and Xt61of.] A mineral. 
Ka'TA, 71. In Syria, a fowl of the grous kind. 

KAW, V. i. [from the sound.] To cry as a raven, crow or 
rook. Locke. 

KAW, 77. The cry of the raven, crow or rook. Dryden. 
KAWN, 77. In Turkey, a public inn. 

KXYLE, 77. [Fr. quille.] 1. A nine-pin, a kettle-pin ; some- 
times written keel. 2. A kind of play, in Scotland, in 
which nine holes, ranged in threes, are made in the 
ground, and an iron ball rolled in among them. 
KAZ'ARD-LY, a. Unlucky ; liable to accident. J\Tcrth of 
Eng. 

KECK, V. i. [G. koken.] To heave the stomach ; to reach, 
as in an effort to vomit. [Little used.] Swift. 

KECK, 77. A reaching or heaving of the stomach. 
KECK'ER, 77. The gullet ; a provincial term in England. 
KEC'KLE, V. t. To wind old rope round a cable to preserve 
its surface from being fretted, or to wind iron chains 
round a cable to defend it from the friction of a rocky bot- 
tom or from the ice. 

KECK'SY, (commonly pronounced kex) n. [qu. Fr. cigue.] 
Hemloc ; a hollow jointed plant. Shak. 

KEGK'Y, a. 1. Resembling a kex. 2. n. An Indian 
sceptre. 

KEDGE, 77. A small anchor, used to keep a ship steady 
when riding in a harbor or river. 

KEDGE, V. t. To warp, as a ship ; to move by means of a 
kedge, as in a river. 

KEDGE, or KEDG'Y, a. Brisk ; lively. Ray. Suffolk in 
England. 

KEDG'ER, 77. [from kedge.] 1. A small anchor used in a 
river. 2. A fish-man. Grose. 

KED'LACK, 77. A weed that grows among wheat and rye ; 
charlock. Tusser. 

KEE, 77. ; plu. of Cow. [Local in England.] Gay. 
tKEECri, 77. A mass or lump. Percy. 

Keek, v. i. To peep ; to look pryingly. Brockclt. 

KEEL, 77. [Sax. cwle ; G. and D. kiel.] 1. The principal 
timber in a ship, extending from stem to stern at the bot- 


tom, and supporting the whole frame. 2. A low, flat-bot- 
tomed vessel, used in the river Tyne, to convey coals 
from Newcastle for loading the colliers. — 3. In botany, 
the lower petal of a papilionaceous corol, inclosing the sta- 
mens and pistil. — 0/i an even keel, in a level or horizontal 
position. 

t KEEL, V. t. [Sax. ccelan.] To cool. Gower. 

KEEL, V. t. 1. To plough with a keel ; to navigate. J. 
Barlow. 2. To turn up the keel; to show the bottom. 
Shak . — To keel the pot, in Ireland, to scum it. Shak. 

KEEL' AGE, n. Duty paid for a ship entering at Hartle- 
pool, Eng. 

KEELED, a. In botany, carinated ; having a longitudinal 
prominence on the back. Mart7jn, 

KEEL'ER, or KEEL'MAN, n. One who works in the 
management of barges or vessels : the old word is kceler ; 
the modern, keelman. — Keeler, a shallow tub. Ray. 

f KEEL'FAT, n. [Sax. ccelan, and fat.] A cooler ; a vessel 
in which liquor is set for cooling. 

KEEL'HAUL, v. t. [D. kielhaalen.] To haul under the 
keel of a ship. Keelhauling is a punishment inflicted in 
the Dutch navy for certain offenses. 

KEEL'ING, 77. A kind of small cod, of which stock fish is 
made. 

* KEEL'SON, (kel'sun) n. A piece of timber in a ship, laid 
on the middle of the floor-timbers over the keel, fastened 
with long bolts and clinched. 

KEEN, a. [Sax. cene j D. kocn.] 1. Eager; vehement. 

2. Eager; sharp. 3. Sharp; having a very fine edge. 
4. Piercing; penetrating; severe; applied to cold or to 
wind. 5. Bitter ; piercing ; acrimonious. 

KEEN, 77. t. To sharpen. [Unusual.] Thomson. 

KEEN'LY, adv. 1. Eagerly ; vehemently. 2. Sharply ; 
severely ; bitterly. 

KEEN'NESS, n. 1. Eagerness; vehemence. 2. Sharp- 
ness ; fineness of edge. 3. The quality of piercing ; rigor ; 
sharpness. 4. Asperity ; acrimony ; bitterness. 5. Acute- 
ness ; sharpness. 

KEEP, 77. t. ; pret. and pp. kept. [Sax. cepan.] 1. To hold ; 
to retain in one’s power or possession ; not to lose or part 
with. 2. To have in custody for security or preservation. 

3. To preserve ; to retain. 4. To preserve from falling 
or from danger ; to protect; to guard or sustain. 5. To 
hold or restrain from departure ; to detain. 6. To tend ; 
to have the care of. 7. To tend ; to feed ; to pasture. 8, 
To preserve in any tenor or state. 9. To regard; to at- 
tend to. 10. To hold in any state. 11. To continue any 
state, course or action. 12. To practice; to do or per- 
form ; to obey ; to observe in practice ; not to neglect or 
violate. 13. To fulfill ; to perform. 14. To practice ; to 
use habitually. 15. To copy carefully. 16. To observe 
or solemnize. 17. To board ; to maintain ; to supply 
with necessaries of life. 18. To have in the house; to 
entertain. 19. To maintain ; not to intermit. 20. To 
hold in one’s own bosom ; to confire to one’s own knowl- 
edge; not to disclose or communicate to others; not to 
betray. 21. To have in pay. 

To keep back. 1 . To reserve ; to withhold ; not to disclose 
or communicate. 2. To restrain ; to prevent from advan- 
cing. 3. To reserve ; to withhold; not to deliver. — To 
keep company with. 1. To frequent the society of ; to as- 
sociate with. 2. To accompany; to p with — To keep 
d( 77077 , to prevent from rising; not to lift or suffer to be 
raised. — To keep in. 1. To prevent from escape ; to hold 
in confinement. 2. To conceal ; not to tell or disclose. 
3. To restrain ; to curb.— To keep off, to hinder from ap- 
proach or attack. — To keep under, to restrain ; to hold in 
subjection. — To keep up. 1. To maintain; to prevent 
from falling or diminution. 2. To maintain ; to continue ; 
to hinder from ceasing. — To keep out, to hinder froni en- 
tering or taking possession. — To keep bed, to remain in 
bed without rising ; to be confined to one’s bed. To keep 
house. 1. To maintain a family state. 2. To remain in 
the house ; to be confined. — To keep from, to restrain ; to 
prevent approach. — To keep a school, to maintain or sup- 
port it ; more properly, to govern and instruct or teach a 

school, as a preceptor. « m , * . 

KEEP, 77 . 7 . 1. To remain m any state. 2. To last ; to en- 


♦ See Syjwpsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BI.ILL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


KER 


478 


KIC 


dure ; not to perish or he impaired. 3. To lodge ; to 
dwell ; to reside for a time. — To keep to, to adhere strict- 
ly ; not to neglect or deviate from. — To keep on, to go for- 
ward ; to proceed ; to continue to advance. — To keep up, 
to remain unsubdued ; or not to be confined to one’s bed. 
— In popular language, this word signifies to continue ; 
to repeat continually j not to cease. 

KEEP, ?i. 1. Custody 5 guard; [little used.'] 2. Colloqui- 
ally, case ; condition. 3. Guardianship; restraint ; [little 
tLsed.] 4. A place of confinement; in old castles, the 
dungeon. 

KEEP'Eil, ?i. 1. One who keeps; one that holds or has 
possession of any thing. 2. One who retains in custody ; 
one who has the care of a prison and the custody of pris- 
oners. 3. One who has the care of a park or other inclo- 
sure, or the custody of beasts. 4. One who has the care, 
custody or superintendence of any thing. 

KEEP'ER-SHIP, n. 'I’he office of a keeper. [L. ?i.] Carew. 

KEEP'ING, ppr. Holding; restraining; preserving; guard- 
ing ; protecting ; performing. 

KEEP'ING, n. 1. A holding; restraint; custody; guard; 
preservation. 2. Feed ; fodder. — 3. In painting, a repre- 
sentation of objects in the manner they appear to the eye 
at different distances from it, hence just proportion. 

KEEP'ING-ROOM, n. A parlor; a provincial term of JSTew 
England. Pick. Vocab. 

KEEP'SAKE, n. Any thing kept or given to be kept for 
the sake of the giver ; a token of friendship. 

KEEVE, n. 1. A large vessel to ferment liquors in. Orose. 
2. A large tub or vessel used in brewing ; a mashing-tub. 

KEEVE, V. t. 1. To put the wort in a keeve for some time 
to ferment. 2. To overturn or lift up a cart, so as to un- 
load it all at once. Ray. 

KEFFE'KILL, n. A stone, white or yellow, which hardens 
in the fire, and of which Turkey pipes are made. 

KEG, n. [Fr. caque.] A small cask or barrel ; written more 
correctly cag. 

KELK, n. 1. A blow. 2. Large detached stones. Craven 
dialect. 

KELK, V. t. To beat heartily. Brockett. 

KELL, n. A sort of pottage. Ainsworth. 

KELL, n. 1. The caul or omentum. [See Caul.] 2. The 
chrysalis of the caterpillar. B. Jonson. 

KELP, n. [Ar. and Pers.] The calcined ashes of sea-weed, 
used in the manufacture of glass. 

KELP'y, 71. An imaginary spirit of the waters, in the form 
of a horse. [Local and vulgar.] 

KEL'SON. See Keelson. 

KELT'ER, 71. [Dan. kilter.] The phrase he is not in kelter 
signifies, he is notin a proper dress or equipage, or not in 
readiness. 

fKEMB, V. t. [Sax. cemban.] To comb, which see. 

t KEM'E-LIN, 71. A tub ; a brewer’s vessel. Chaucer. 

KEN, V. t. [VV. ceniaw ; G. kennen ,* D. kennen ; Sax. con- 
nan, cunnan j Goth, kunnan.] I. To see at a distance; 
to descry. 2. To know ; to understand ; [o6s.] Shak. 

KEN, V. i. To look round. Burton. 

KEN, 77. View ; reach of sight. Dryden. 

KEN'DAL-GREEN, n. A species of green cloth ; made at 
Kendal. Shak. 

KEN'MARKED, or KEN^SPECKED, part. a. Marked or 
branded so as to be known ; blemished. Orose. J^orth of 
Eng. 

KEN'NEL, 71. [Fr. chenil ; It. caniie.] 1. A house or cot 
for dogs, or for a pack of hounds. 2. A pack of hounds 
or their cry. 3. The hole of a fox or other beast ; a haunt. 

KEN'NEL, 77. [It. canale ; Fr. canal.] 1. The water- 
course of a street ; a little canal or channel. 2. A puddle. 

KEN'NEL, V. i. To lodge ; to lie ; to dwell ; as a dog or a 
fox. 

KEN'NEL, V. t. To keep or confine in a kennel. Tatler. 

KEN'NEL CoAL. See Cannel Coal. 

KEN'NING, 77. View ; sight. Bacon. 

KEN'TLE, 77. [VV. cant ; L. cejitum.J In commerce, a hun- 
dred pounds in weight. [It is wi Jtten and pronounced, 
also, quintal^ 

KENT'LEDGE, n. In seameii^s language, pigs of iron for 
ballast, laid on the floor of a ship. Mar. Diet. 

KEP, V. t. To catch. Grose. 

KEPT, pret. and j>p. of keep. 

KERB'-STONE, KtRB'-STONE. See Curb-stone. 

KER'CHIEF, 77. [contracted from c over- chief Fr. couvrir 
and c^e/. Chaucer.] 1. A head-dress; a cloth to cover 
the head. 2. A cloth used in dress. 

KER'CHIEFT^’ | hooded; covered. Milton. 

KERF, 77. [Sax. cyr/j* D. kerf.] The cut of an axe, a saw, or 
other instrument ; the notch or slit made in wood by cut- 
ting. 

KERM'ES, 77 . In toology, an insect produced in the excres- 
cences of a species of small oak, or the body of an insect 
transformed into a grain, berry, or husk. This body is 
full of reddish juice, which is used in dying red. 

KERM'ES-MIN'ER-AL, n. A mineral substance. 


KERN, 77. I. An Irish footman or foot-soldier. Spenser. 2. 
In English laws, an idle person or vagabond. Encyc. 

KERN, 77. 1. A hand-mill consisting of two stones, one of 
which is turned by iJie hand; usually written quern, 
which see. 2. A churn ; [oZ>s.l 

KERN, V. i. [G. and D. kern.] 1. To harden, as corn in 
ripening. 2. To take the form of corns ; to granulate. 

KERN'-Ba-BY, 77. [corn-baby.] An image dressed with 
corn, and carried before reapers to their harvest-home. 

KERN'EL, 77. [Sax. cyrnel ; G. and D. kern.] 1. The edi- 
ble substance contained in the shell of a nut. 2. Any 
thing included in a shell, husk or integument; a grain or 
corn. 3. The seed of pulpy fruit. 4. The central part 
of any thing; a small mass around which other matter is 
concreted ; a nucleus. 5. A hard concretion in the flesh. 

KERN'EL, V. i. To harden or ripen into kernels, as the 
seeds of plants. 

KERN'EL-LY, a. Full of kernels; resembling kernels. 

KERN'EL- VV'oRT, ??. An herb. Ainsworth. 

KER'SEY, 77. [D. keriaai.] A species of coarse woolen 
cloth. 

fKERVE, V. t. To carve. 

t KERV'ER, 77. A carver. 

t Kf.'SAR, 7t. [from Cesar.] An emperor. Spenser. 

KES'LOP, 77. The stomach of a calf prepared for rennet; 
the substance used in curdling milk. Orose. 

fKEST. The preter tense of ca^J. Spenser. 

KES'TREL, 77. A fowl of the genus falco, or hawk kind. 

fKES'TREL, a. Like a kestrel ; base. 

KIYP, 77. Carrion ; any sort of filth. Brockett. 

KETCH, 77. [Fr. quaiche ; G. and D. kits.] A vessel with 
two masts, amain and mizzen-mast. 

KETCH'UP, 77. A sauce. See Catchup. 

KET'TLE, 77. [Sax. cetl, cetel, or cytel / D. ketel.] A vessel 
of iron or other metal, with a wide mouth, usually with- 
out a cover, used for heating and boiling water or other 
liquor. 

KET'TLE-DRUM, 77. An instrument of martial music. 

KET'TLE-DRUM'MER, n. The man who beats the kettle- 
drum. 

KET'TLE-PINS, 77. Nine-pins ; skittles. 

KET'TY, a. Filthy ; dirty ; worthless. Orose. 

KEV'EL, 77. In ships, a piece of timber serving to belay the 
sheets or great ropes by which the bottoms of the foresail 
and mainsail are extended. 

KEX, 77*. Hemloc; the stem of the teasel ; a dry stalk. See 
Kecksy. 

KeY, (ke) 77. [Sax. C(Bg.] 1. In a general sense, a fastener ; 
that which fastens. 2. An instrument for shutting or 
opening a lock. 3. An instniment by which something 
is screwed or turned. 4. The stone which binds an arch. 
[See Keystone.] 5. In an.or^a77 or harpsichord, the key, 
or finger key, is a little lever or piece in the fore part, by 
which the instrument is played on by the fingers. — 6. In 
music, the key, or key note^ is the fundamental note or 
tone, to which the whole piece is accommodated. 7. An 
index, or that which serves to explain a cipher. 8. That 
which serves to explain any thing difficult to be under- 
stood. — 9. In the Romish church, ecclesiastical jurisdic- 
tion, or the power of the pope. 10. A ledge or lay of 
rocks near the surface of the water. 11. The husk con- 
taining the seed of an ash. 

Key, (k£) 77. [Ir. ceigh ; G. kai ; Fr. quai.] A bank or 
wharf built on the side of a river or harbor, for the con- 
venience of loading and unloading ships, and securing 
fliem in their stations. It is sometimes written quay. 

KeY'AGE, 77. Money paid for the use of a key or quay. 

fKEY'-€oLD, a. Lifeless. 

t KeY'-€oLD-NESS, 77. W^ant of animation or activity. 

KeY'ED, a. 1. Furnished with keys. 2. Set to a . key, as 
a tune. 

KeY'HOLE, 77. A hole or aperture in a door or lock, for re- 
ceiving a key. 

KeY'STONE, 77. The stone on the top or middle of an arch 
or vault, which, being wider at the top than at the bot- 
tom, enters like a wedge and binds the work ; properly, 
the fastening-stone. 

KHAN, (kawn) n. 1. In Asia, a governor; a king; a 
prince ; a chief. 2. An inn. 

KHAN'ATE, (kawn'ate) n. The dominion or jurisdiction 
of a khan. T'ooke. 

KIBE, 77. A chap or crack in the flesh occasioned by cold ; 
an ulcerated chilblain ; as in the heels. 

KIBED, a. Chapped; cracked with cold; affected with 
chilblains. Darwin. 

Ki'BY, a. Affected with kibes. 

KICK, V. t. [VV. ciciaw.] To strike with the foot. 

KICK, v. i. 1. To practice striking with the foot or feet. 
2. To thrust out the foot or feet with violence, either in 
wantonness, resistance, anger or contempt ; to manifest 
opposition. 

KICK, 77. A blow with the foot or feet ; a striking or thrust 
of the foot. 

KICKED, (kikt) pp. Struck with the foot or feet. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, U, Y, loug.—FAB, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, M.ARlNE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


KIN 


479 


KI€K'ER, 71. One that kicks. 

KIOK'ING, ppr. Striking with the foot ; thrusting out the 
foot with violence. 

KICK'ING, n. The act of striking with the foot, or of yerk- 
ing the foot witli violence. 

KICK'SEV-WIGIv'SEY, n. [from kick and A made 

word in ridicule and disdain of a wife. 

KIOK'SHAVV", n. [corrupted from Er. quelque chose.] 1. 
Somethiiig fantastical or uncommon, or something that 
has no particular name. 2. A dish so changed by cook- 
ing that it can scarcely be known. 

f KlEK'SIIoE, 71. A dancer, in contempt ; a caperer j a buf- 
foon. 

KID, 71. [Dan. kid ; Sw. kid, kidlin^.] 1. A young goat. 

2. A fagot ; a bundle of heath and furze. 

KID, V. t. ori. 1. To bring forth a young goat. 2. To 
make into a bundle, as fagots. 

f KID, V. t. [Sax. cythan.] To show, discover or make 
known. Qower. 

KID'DED, a. Fallen as a young kid. Cotgrave. 

KID'DEll, 71. [Sw. kyta.] An engrosser of corn, or one who 
carries corn, provisions and merchandise about the coun- 
try for sale. 

KID'DLE, 77 . A kind of wear in a river for catching fish ; 
corruptly pronounced kittle. Mag. Charta. 

KID'DoV\^, 77 . A web-footed fowl, called also guillemot, 
sea-hen, or skout. Chambers. 

KID'LING, 77 . [Sw.] A young kid. Browne. 

KID'NAP, V. t. [G. kinderdieb.] To steal a human being, 
man, woman or child ; or to seize and forcibly carry 
away any person whatever from his own country or state 
into another. 

KID'NAPPED, pp. Stolen or forcibly carried away, as a 
human being. 

KID'NAP-PEIl, 77 . One who steals or forcibly carries away 
a human being ; a man-stealer. 

KID'NAP-PING, ppr. Stealing or forcibly carrying away 
liuinan beings. 

KID'NAP-PING, 77 . The act of stealing, or forcible ab- 
duction of a human being from his own country or state. 

KID'NEY, 77 . 1. The kidneys are two oblong flattened 
bodies, extending from the eleventh and twelfth ribs to 
the fourth lumbar vertebra, behind the intestines. 2 . 
Sort ; kind ; [a ludicrous use of the woi-d.] 3. A cant 
term for a waiting servant. 

KID'NEY-BeAN, 77 . A sort of bean. 

KID'NEY-FORM, ) a. Having the form or shape of a 

KID'NEY-SHaPED, \ kidney. Kirican. 

KID'NEY-VETCH, n. A plant of the genus anthylUs. 

KID'NEY-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus saxifraga. 

fKIE, 77 . Kine. See also Kee and Ky. 

KIF-FE'KILL, or KEF-FEflaLL, 77. A mineral, the 
meerschaum, which see. See, also, Keffekill. 

KIL, 77. A Dutch word, signifying a channel or bed of a 
river, and, hence, a stream. 

KTL'DER-KIN, n. [qu. D. kinderkin.] A small barrel. 

KILL, v.t. [Sax. cwellan.] 1. To deprive of life, animal 
or vegetable, in any manner or by any means. 2. To 
butcher 5 to slaughter for food. 3. To quell 3 to appease ; 
to calm ; to still. 

KIL'LAS, 77 . An argillaceous stone. 

KILL'DEE, 77. A small bird in America, so called from its 
voice or note ; a species of plover. 

KILLED, pp. Deprived of life ; quelled; calmed. 

KILL'ER, 77. One who deprives of life ; he or that which 
kills. 

KILL'ING, ppr. Depriving of life ; quelling. 

KIL^LT-NITE, n. A mineral. Taylor. 

KlL'LoW, 77. An earth of a blackish color. 

KILN, (kil) 77. [Sax. cyln.] 1. A large stove or oven; a 
fabric of brick or stone wliich may be heated for the 
purpose of hardening, burning or drying any thing. 
2. A pile of brick constructed for burning or harden- 
ing. 

KILNI-DRTED, pp. Dried in a kiln. 

KILN'-DRY, (kil-dri) v. t. To dry in a kiln. 

KILN^-DRY-ING, ppr. Drying in a kiln. 

KTL'O-GRAM, n. [Fr. kilogramme.] In. the new system of 
French weights and measures, a thousand grams. 

KIL'O-LIT-ER, 77. [Fr. kilolitre.] In the new French meas- 
ures, a thousand liters. 

KI-LOM'E-TRE, n. [Fr. kilometre.] In the French system 
of measures, a thousand metres. 

KILT, 77. A kind of short petticoat worn by the highlanders 
of Scotland. 

tKILT, pp. Killed. 

KILT, r. t. To tuck up ; to truss up the clothes. Brockett. 

KIM'RO, )a. [Celtic, C 77777 .] Crooked ; arched ; bent. — 

KIM/BoW, \ To set the arms a kimbo, is to set the hands 
on the hips, with the elbows projecting outward. 

KIN, 77 . [Sax. cyn, cynn, or cind ; Ir. cine ; G. kind ; D. kind.] 
1. Relation, properly by consanguinity or blood. 2. Rela- 
tives ; kindred ; persons of the same race. 3. A relation ; 
a relative. 4. The same generical class ; a thing related. 


KIN 

5. As a termination, kin is used as a diminutive, denoting 
small, from the sense of child ; as in vianikin. 

KIN, u.^ Of the same nature ; kindred ; congenial. 

KIN'AIE, 71. A salt formed by the union of kinic acid with 
a base. (7re. 

*KlND, 71. [Sax. cyn, or cipin. See Kin.] 1. Race ; genus ; 
generic class. 2. Sort, in a sense more loose than genus, 

3. Particular nature. 4. Natural state; produce or com- 
modity, as distinguished from monc 7 j, 5. Nature ; natu- 
ral propensity or determination. 6. Manner ; way. 7. 
Sort ; as, he spoke with a kind of scorn or contempt. 

*KTND, a. [W. and Arm. 07777.] 1. Disposed to do good to 
others, and to make them happy by granting their re- 
quests, supplying their wants or assisting them in dis- 
tress ; having tenderness or goodness of nature ; benevo- 
lent ; benignant. 2. Proceeding from tenderness or good- 
ness of heart ; benevolent. 

fKIND'ED, a. Begotten. [See Kin.] Spenser. 

KiND-HEART'ED, a. [kind and heai-t.] Having great be- 
nevolence. 

KIN^DLE, V. t. [W. cijnneii.] 1. To set on fire ; to cause 
to burn with flame ; to light. 2. To inflame, as the pas- 
sions ; to exasperate ; to rouse ; to provoke ; to excite to 
action ; to heat ; to fire ; to animate. 3. [Sax. ceiman.] 
To bring forth ; [ 065 .] 

KIN'DLE, V. i. 1. To take fire ; to begin to burn with 
flame. 2. To begin to rage, or be violently excited ; to be 
roused or exasperated. 

KIN'DLED, pp. Set on fire ; inflamed ; excited into action. 

KIN'DLER, 71. He or that which kindles or sets on fire. 

KiND'LESS, a. Destitute of kindness ; unnatural. 

KlND'LI-NESS, n. 1. Affection; affectionate disposition; 
benignity. 2. Natural disposition. Milto7i. 

KIN'DLING, ppr. Setting on fire ; causing to burn with 
flame ; exciting into action. 

KiND'LY, a. 1. Homogeneal ; congenial ; kindred ; of tlie 
same nature. 2. Mild ; bland ; softening. 

KiND'LY, adv. With good-will ; with a disposition to make 
others happy, or to oblige ; benevolently ; favorable. 

KiND'NESS, 71. 1. Good-v/ill ; benevolence ; that temper or 
disposition which delights in contributing to the happi- 
ness of others ; benignity of nature. 2. Act of good-will ; 
beneficence ; any act of benevolence which promotes the 
happiness or welfare of others. 

KIN'DRED, 77. [from kin, kind ; Sax. cynren.] 1. Relation 
by birth ; consanguinity. 2. Relation by marriage ; affin- 
ity. 3. Relatives by blood or marriage, more properly the 
former. 4. Relation ; suit ; connection in kind. 

KIN'DRED, a. Related ; congenial ; of the like nature or 
properties. Dryden. 

KINE, plu. of Cow ; D. koeyen. But cows, the regular plu- 
ral, is now in general use. 

KING, 77. [Sax. cy7ig, C7j7iig, or cyning ; G. konig ; D. hon- 
ing ; Sw. konung, ku7ig j Dan. konge.] 1. The chief or 
sovereign of a nation ; a man invested with supreme au- 
thority over a nation, tribe or country ; a monarch. 2. A 
sovereign ; a prince ; a ruler. 3. A card having the pic- 
ture of a king. 4. The chief piece in the game of chess. 
— Kmg at ar7ns, an officer in England of great antiquity, 
and formerly of great authority, whose business is to di- 
rect the heralds, preside at their chapters, and have the 
jurisdiction of armory. There are three kings at arms, 
viz. garter, clarencieuz, and 7io7’roy. 

KING, V. t. In Uidicrous language, to supply with a king, 
or to make royal ; to raise to royalty. Shak. 

KING'AP-PLE, 77 . A kind of apple, so called. 

KING’S-BENCH, n. A high court or tribunal in Eng- 
land. 

KING'BiRD, 77 . A fowl of the genus parof/isec. 

KING'CRAFT, 77. The craft of kings ; the art of governing ; 
usually in a bad semse. Kmg James. 

KING'CUP, 77. A flower, crowfoot. Gay. 

KING’S-E-VIL, 77. A disease of the scrofulous kind. 

KING'FISH-ER, 77. A fowl of the genus alcedo. 

KING’S-SPeAR, 77. A plant of the genus asphodehis. 

KING'STONE, v. A fish. Ains70orth. 

KING'DoM, 77. [king and dom.] 1 . The territory or coun- 
try subject to a king ; an undivided territory under the 
dominion of a king or monarch. 2. The inhabitants or 
population subject to a king. — 3. In nat7iral histoinj, a di- 
vision ; as the animal, vegetable and mineral kmgdoms. 

4. A region ; a tract ; the place where any thing prevails 
and holds sway. — 5. In Scripture, the government or uni- 
versal dominion of God. 6. The power of supreme ad- 
ministration. 7. A princely nation or state. 8. Heaven. 
Matt. xxvi. 9. State of glory in heaven. Matt. v. 10. 
The reign of the Messiah. Matt. iii. IL Government ; 
rule ; supreme administmtion. 

KING'DoMED, a. Proud of royalty. Shak. 

fKING'HOOD, 77. State of being a king. Gower. 

KING'LESS, a. Having no king. B7jron. 

KING'LIKE, a. Like a king. 

KING 'LING, 77. A little king. . * 

KING'LY, a. 1. Belonging to a king ; suitable to a king. 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


KNA 


480 


KNI 


Skak. 2 . Royal ; sovereign ; monarchical. 3 . Noble ; au- 
gust ; splendid ; becoming a king. 

KlNG'LY, adv. With an air of royalty j with a superior dig- 
nity. 

KING'SHIP, 71 . Royalty j the state, office or dignity of a 
king. Kinff Charles. 

KIN'IC, a. Pertaining to cinchona. Urc. 

KINK, 71 . [Sw. kink ; D. kink.l The twist of a rope or 
thread, occasioned by a spontaneous winding of the rop6 
or thread when doubled. 

KINK, V. i. To wind into a kink ; to twist spontaneously. 

KINK, V. i. To labor for breath, as in the hooping cough. 
Ray. 

KINK, n. A fit of coughing, or a convulsive fit of laughter. 

t KINK'HAUST, n. The chincough. 

KT'NO, 71 . 'An astringent resin. Hooper. 

■f KINS'FoLK, (kinz'foke) n. [kin and folk.'] Relations 5 
kindred ; persons of the same family. 

KINS'M AN, 71 . [kin and man.] A man of the same race or 
family ; one related by blood. Dryden. 

KINS'WOM-AN, n. A female relation. Dennis. 

KIP'PER,* 71 . A term applied to salmon, when unfit to be 
taken, and to the time when they are so considered. 
England. 

KIRK, n. [Sax. CT/rc, or ciric.] In Scotland^ a church. This 
is the same word as churchy differently written and pro- 
nounced. See Church. 

KtRK'MAN, n. One of the church of Scotland. 

KiR'TLE, 71 . [Sax. cyrtel.] I. An upper garment ; a gown ; 
a petticoat ; a short jacket ; a mantle. 2 . A quantity of 
flax, about a hundred pounds. 

KIR'TLED, a. Wearing a kirtle. 

KISS, V. t. [Sax. cyssan ; G. /ci/sscn.] 1 . To salute with 
the lips. 2 . To treat with fondness 3 to caress. 3 . To 
touch gently. 

KISS, 71 . A salute given with the lips 3 a common token of 
affection. 

KISSED, pp. Saluted with a kiss. 

KISS'ER, 7^. One that kisses. 

KISS'ING, ppr. Saluting with the lips. 

KISSTNG-C6M-FIT, n. Perfumed sugar-plums to sweeten 
the breath. Shak. 

KISS'ING-CRUST, 71. In cookery^ the crust of a loaf that 
touches another. 

fKIST, 71 . A chest. 

KIT, 71 . [D. kit.] 1 . A large bottle. 2 . A small fiddle. 3 . 
A kind of fish-tub, and a milk-pail. 

KIT'-CAT, n. A term applied to a club in London, to which 
Addison and Steele belonged ; sc9 called from Christopher 
Cat, a pastry cook, who served the club with mutton pies ; 
applied also to a portrait three fourths less than a half 
length, placed in the club-room. Todd. 

KITCH'EN, V. [Sax. cycene ; G. kViche.] 1 . A cook-room 3 
the room of a house appropriated to cookery. — 2 . In shipsj 
the galley or caboose. 3 . A utensil for roasting meat. 

KITCH'EN, V. t. To use thriftily. Orose. 

KITCII'EN-GAR'DEN, n. A garden or piece of ground ap- 
propriated to the raising of vegetables for the table. 

KITCH'EN-MAID, n. A female servant whose business is 
to do the work of a kitchen. 

KITCII'EN-STUFF, n. Fat collected from pots and drip- 
ping pans. Donne. 

KITCH'EN-WENCtI, n. The woman who cleans the 
kitchen and utensils of cookery. 

KITCIPEN-W6RK, n. Work done in the kitchen, as cook- 
ery, washing, &c. 

KTI'E, 71 . [Sax. cyta.] 1 . A rapacious fowl of the genus 
falco, or hawk. 2 . A name of reproach, denoting rapaci- 
ty. 3 . A light frame of wood and paper constructed for 
flying in the air for the amusement of boys. 

KITE, 7?. In the north of Enffland, the belly. 

KTTE'FOOT, n. A sort of tobacco, so called. 

KTTES'FOOT, 71. A plant. Ainsworth. 

fK^TII, n.'[S3iX. cyththe.] Acquaintance. Oower. 

KIT LING, 71 . [h. catulus.] A whelp 3 the young of a 
beast. B. Jonson. 

KIT'TEN, (kit'n) n. [D. katje.] A young cat, or the young 
of the cat. 

KIT'TEN, (kit'n) v. i. To bring forth young, as a cat. 

KIT'TI-WAKE, 71 . A fowl of the gull kind. 

t KIT TLE, V. t. [Sax. citetan.] To tickle. Sherwood. 

KIT'TLISH, a. Ticklish. Orose. 

KIVE, 71 . The tub-hole is a hollow place in the ground over 
which the kive {mashing fat) stands. Petty. 

KIV'ER, V. t. To cover. Huloet. 

KLI€K, V. i. [a different orthography or diminutive of 
clack.] 1 . To make a small, sharp sound '»y striking two 
things together. — 2 . In Scotland^ to pilfer, by taking with 
a snatch. 

KLl€K, n. A stroke or blow. [A word in vulgar use.] 

KNAB, (nab) v. t. [D. knappen.] To bite 3 to gnaw 3 to nib- 
ble. 

t KNAB'BLE, v. i. To bite or nibble. Brown. 

KNACK, (nak) n. 1 . A little machine 5 a petty contrivance 3 


a toy. 2 . A readiness 3 habitual facility of performance 3 
dexterity 5 adroitness. 3 . A nice trick. 

KNACK, (nak) v. i. [G. knacken.] To crack 3 to make a 
sharp, abrupt noise. [Little used.] 

KNACK'ER, (nak'er) n. 1 . A maker of knacks, toys or 
small work. 2 . A rope-maker, or collar-maker 3 [oi«.] 
KNACK'ISH, a. Trickish 3 knavishly artful. More, 
KNACK'ISH-NESS, n. Artifice 3 trickery. More. 
KNACK'Y, a. Handy 3 having a knack 3 cunning 3 crafty. 
Provincial in England. 

KNAG, (nag) n. [Dan. knag.'] 1 . A knot in wood, or a 
protuberant knot 3 a wart. 2. A peg for hanging things 
on. 3 . The shoot of a deer’s horns. 

KNAG'GY, (nag'gy) a. Knotty 3 full of knots 3 rough with 
knots 3 hence, rough in temper. 

KNAP, (nap) n. [Sax. cncep.] A protuberance 3 a swelling. 

[Little used. See Knob.j Bacon. 

KNAP, (nap)^v. t. [D. knappen. See Knab.] 1. To bite 3 
to bite off 3 to break short 3 [little used.] 2. To strike 
with a sharp noise 5 [little used.] 

KNAP, (nap) v. i. To make a short, sharp sound. 
KNAP'BOT-TLE, (nap'bot-tl) n. A plant. 

KNAP'PISH, (nap'pish) a. Snappish. See Snap. 
KNAP'PLE, (nap'pl) v. i. To break off with an abrupt, 
sharp noise. 

KNAP'PY, a. Full of knaps or hillocs. Huloet. 
KNAP'SACK, (nap'sak) n. [G. knappsack.] A soldier’s 
bag, carried on his back, and containing necessaries of 
food and clothing. 

KNAP'WEED, (nap'weed) n. A plant of the genus centau- 
rca^ so called, probably, from knap, a button. 

KNAR, (nilr) n. [G. knor.] A knot in wood. ^ 
KNARLED, a. Knotted. See Gnarled. j 
KNAR'RY, a. Knotty. Chaucer. 

KNAVE, (nave) n. [Sax. cnapa ; G. knabe.] 1 . A boy ; a 
man-child 5 [065.] 2 . A servant 3 [065.] 3 . A false, de- 
ceitful fellow 3 a dishonest man or boy. 4 . A card with 
a soldier painted on it. 

KNaV'ER-Y, (na'ver-y) n. 1 . Dishonesty 3 deception in 
traffick 3 trick 3 petty villainy 3 fraud. 2 . Mischievous 
tricks or practices. 

KNaV'ISH, (iia'vish) a. 1 . Dishonest 3 fraudulent. 2 . Wag- 
gish 3 mischievous. 

KNAV'ISH-LY, (na'vish-ly) adv. 1 . Dishonestly 3 fraudu- 
lently. 2 . Waggishly 3 mischievously. 
KNAVTSH-NESS, (na'vish-nes) n. The quality or habit of 
knavery 3 dishonesty. 

KNAW'EL, (naw'el) n. A species of plant. 

KNeAD, (need) v. t. [Sax. cncedan.] To work and press 
ingredients into a mass, usually with the hands 5 particu- 
larly, to work into a well-mixed mass the materials of 
bread, cake or paste. 

KNeAD'ED, pp. Worked and pressed together. 
KNeAD'ER, 71 . A baker. Huloet. 

KNEAD'ING,;)pr. Working and mixing into a well-mixed 
mass. 

KNeAD'ING-TROUGH, (need'ing-trawf) n. A trough or 
tray in which dough is worked and mixed. 
KNEB'EL-lTE, (neb'el-Ite) n. A mineral. 

KNEE, (ne) n. [Sax. cneow ; G. knie ; Dan. kruB.] 1 . In 
anatomy, the articulation of the thigh and leg bones. — 2. 
In ship-building, a piece of timber somewhat in the shape 
of the human knee, and used to connect the beams of a 
ship with her sides or timbers. 
fKNEE, (nfi) v. t. To supplicate by kneeling. Shak. 
KNEE'-€ROOK-ING, (ne'kruk-ing) a. Obsequious. Shak. 
KNEED, (need) a. 1 . Having knees. — 2 . In botany, genicrv 
lated 3 forming an obtuse angle at the joints, like the knee 
when a little bent. 

KNEE'-DEEP, (ne'deep) a. 1 . Rising to the knees. 2 . 

Sunk to the knees. 

KNEED'-GRASS, ti. An herb. 

KNEE'-HiGH, (ne'hl) a. Rising to the knees 3 as water 
knee-high. 

KNEE'HOL-LY, (ne'hol-ly) n. A plant of the genus ruscus. 
KNEE'HoLM, (ne'home) n. Kneeholly. 

KNEE'PAN, (ne'pan) n. The round bone on the fore part of 
the knee. 

KNEEL, (neel) v. i. [D. knielen ; Dan. knwler.] To bend 
the knee ; to fall on the knees. 

KNEEL'ER, (ne ler) n. One who kneels. 

KNEEL'ING, (neel'ing) ppr. Falling on the knees. 
KNEE'TRIB-UTE, (ne'trib-ute) n. Tribute paid by kneel- 
ing ; worship or obeisance by genuflection. Milton. 
KNELL, (nel) n. [Sax. cmjll.] The sound of a bell rung at 
a funeral ; a tolling. 

KNEW, (nu) pret. of know. 

KNI€K'KNA€K, n. Any trifle or toy. 

KNIFE, (nife) n. ; plu. Knives, (nivz) [Sax. cnif ; Dan. 
kniv ; Sw. knif.] 1 . A cutting instrument with a sharp 
edge. 2 . A sword or dagger. 

KNIGHT, (nite) n. [Sax. cniht, cneoht ; G. knecht.] 1 . In 
feudal times, a knight was a man admitted to military 
rank by a certain ceremony. This privilege was confer- 


* Sec Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT 3 — PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3— | Obsolete. 


KNO 


481 


KRA 


red on youths of family and fortune, and hence sprung 
the honorable title of knight, in modern usage. A knight 
has, in England, the title of Sir, 2. A pupil or follower. 

3. A champion. — Knight of the post, a knight dubbed at 
the whipping-post or pillory ; a hireling witness. — Knight 
of the shire, in England, one of the representativ^es of a 
county in parliament, originally a knight, but now any 
gentleinan having an estate in land of six hundred pounds 
a year is qualified. 

KNIGHT, (nite) c. t. To dub or create a knight, which is 
done by the king, who gives the person kneeling a blow 
witii a sword, and says, rise. Sir. 

KNIGHT-ER'KANT, n. [knight, and L. crrans, erro, to 
wander.] A wandering knight ; a knight who traveled 
in search of adventures, for the purpose of exhibiting 
military skill, prowess and generosity. 

KNTGHT-ER'llANT-RY, n. The practice of wandering in 
quest of adventures ; the manners of wandering kniglits. 

KNiGHT-HEADS, n. \w ships, bollard timbers, two pieces 
of timber rising just within the stem. 

KNIGHT'flOOU, n. 1. The character or dignity of a knight. 
2. A military order, honor, or degree of ancient nobility, 
conferred as a reward of valor or merit. 

f KNIGHT'LESS, a. Unbecoming a knight. Spenser. 

KNIGHT'LI-NESS, n. Duties of a knight. Spenser. 

KNIGHT'LY, a. Pertaining to a knight j becoming a knight. 
Sidney. 

KNIGllT'LY", adv. In a manner becoming a knight. SAer- 

iDood. 

KNIGHT'-MaR-SHAL, n. An officer in the household of 
the British king. 

KNIGHT'-SER-VTCE, n. In English feudal law, a tenure 
of lands held by knights on condition of performing mili- 
tary service. 

KNIT, (nit) V. t. ; pret. andpp. knit, or knitted. [Sax. cnyt- 
tan ; Sw. knyta.] 1. To unite, as threads by needles ; to 
connect in a kind of net-work. 2. To unite closely. 3. 
To join or cause to grow together. 4. To tie j to fasten. 
5. To draw together ; to contract. 

KNIT, (nit) V. i. 1. To unite or interweave by needles. 2. 
To unite closely ; to grow together. 

KNIT, (nit) n. Union by knitting ; texture ; [little used.'] 

KNIT'TA-BLE, (nit'ta-bl) a. That may be knit. 

KNIT'TER, (nit'ter) n. One that knits. 

KNIT'TING, (nit'ting) ppr. Uniting by needles j forming 
texture ; uniting in growth. 

KNIT'TING, n. Junction. tVotton. 

KNIT'TING-NEE-DLE, (nit'ting-nee-dl) n. Along needle 
usually made of wire, used for knitting threads into stock- 
ings, garters, &c. 

KNIT'TLE, (nit'l) n. 1. A string that gathers or draws to- 
gether a purse. 2. A small line used in ships to sling 
hammocs. 

KNOB, (nob) n. [Sax. cnwp : G. knopf.] A hard protuber- 
ance 5 a hard swelling or rising ; a bunch. 

KNOB, V. i. To bunch out ; to grow into knobs. Mersey. 

KNOB'BED, a. Containing knobs; full of knobs. 

KNOB'BI-NESS, (nob'be nes) n. The quality of having 
knobs, or of being full of protuberances. 

KNOB'BY, (nob'by) a. Full of knobs or hard protuberances ; 

hard. ^ „ 

KNOCK, (nok) v.i. [Sax. c?JMcia7i ; Sw. knacka.] 1. Jo 
strike or beat with something thick or heavy. 2. To 
drive or be driven against ; to strike against ; to clash.— 
To knock under, to yield ; to submit ; to acknowledge to 

be conquered. . 

KNOCK, (nok) v. t. 1. To strike ; to drive against. 2. Jo 
strike a door for admittance ; to rap.— To knock down, to 
strike down ; to fell ; to prostrate by a blow or by blows. 
— To knock out, to force out by a blow or by blows.— To 
knock up, to arouse by knocking. In popular use, to beat 
out.— To knock off, to force off by beating. At auctions, 
to assign to a bidder by a blow on the counter. — To knock 
on the head, to kill by a blow or by blows. 

KNOCK, (nok) n. 1. A blow ; a stroke with something 
thick or heavy. 2. A stroke on a door, intended as a re- 
quest for admittance ; a rap. 

KNOCK'ER, (nok'er) n. 1. One that knocks. 2. An instru- 
ment or kind of hammer, fastened to a door. 

KNOCK'ING, (nok'ing) ppr. Beating ; striking. 

KNOCKING, (nok'ing) n. A beating ; a rap. 

KNoLT>, (nole) v. t. [Sax. cmjllan.] To ring a hell, usually 
for a funeral. Shak. 

KNoT>U, (nole) v. i. To sound, as a bell. Shak. 

KNoLL, (n5le) n. [Sax. rnoll.] The top or crown of a hill ; 
but more generally, a little round hill or mount ; a small 
elevation of earth. 

KNoLL'ER, n. One who tolls a bell. Sherwood. 

KNOP, (nop) n. [a different spelling of knap or nob.] A 
knob ; a tufted top ; a bud ; a bunch ; a button. 

KNOP'PED, a. Having knops or knobs ; fastened as with 
buttons. 

KNOR, n. [Ger.] A knot. 

KNOT, (not) n. [Sax. cnotta ; D. knot.] 1. The complica- 


Hon of threads made by knitting ; atie ; union of cords by 
interweaving. 2. Any figure, the lines of which frequent- 
^ [jRtirsect each other. 3. A bond of association or union. 
4. Ihe part of a tree where a branch shoots. 5. The pro- 
tuberant joint of a plant. 6. A cluster ; a collection ; a 
group. 7. Difficulty ; intricacy ; something not easilv 
solved. 8. Any intrigue or ditficult perplexity of afi'airs. 
9. A bird of the genus tringa. 10. An epaulet.— 11. In 
seamen^s language, a division of the logline, which an- 
swers to half a minute, as a mile does to an hour or it is 
the hundred and twentieth part of a mile. ’ 

KNOT, (not) V. t. 1. To complicate or tie in a knot or 
knots ; to form a knot. 2. To entangle ; to perplex. 3, 
To unite closely. 

KNOT, (not) V. i. 1. To form knots or joints, as in plants. 
2. To knit knots for fringe. 

KNOT'BER-RY, (not'ber-ry) n. A plant of the genus ruhus. 

KNOT'GRASS, (not gras) ?«. The name of several species 
of plants, so denominated from the joints of the stem. 

KNOT'LESS, (iiotMes) a. Free from knots ; witliout knots. 

KNOT'TED, (not'ted) a. 1. Full of knots; having knots. 
Dryden, 2. Having intersecting figures. Shak. 

KNOT'TI-NESS, (not'te-nes) 7i. 1. Fullness of knots; the 
quality of having many knots or swellings. 2. Difficulty 
of solution ; intricacy. 

KNOT'TY, (not'ty) a. 1. Full of knots; having many 
knots ; as, knotty timber. 2. Hard ; rugged. Rowe. 3. 
Difficult ; intricate ; perplexed. 

KNOUT, (nout) n. A punishment in Russia, inflicted with 
a whip. 

KNoW, (no) V. t. ; pret. knew ; pp. known. [Sax. cnawan.] 
1. To perceive with certainty ; to understand clearly ; to 
have a clear and certain perception of truth, fact, or any 
thing that actually exists. 2. To be informed of ; to be 
taught. 3. To distinguish. 4. To recognize by recollec- 
tion, remembrance, representation or description. 5. To 
be no stranger to ; to be familiar. — 6. In Scripture, to have 
sexual commerce with. Gen. iv. 7. To approve. 8. To 
learn. Prov. i. 9. To acknowledge with due respect. 
1 Thess. V. 10. To choose ; to favor or take an interest 
in. Amos ui. 11. To commit ; to have. 2. Cor. 12. To 
have full assurance of; to have satisfactory evidence of 
any thing, though short of certainty. 

KNOW, (no) V. i. 1. To have clear and certain perception ; 
not to be doubtful. 2. To be informed. 3. To take cog- 
nizance of ; to examine. 

KNdW'A-BLE, (no'a-bl) a. That may be known ; that may 
be discovered, understood or ascertained. 

KNdVV'ER, (no'er) n. One who knows. 

KNdW'ING, (no'ing) ppr. 1. Having clear and certain per- 
ception of. 2. a. Skillful ; well informed ; well instruct- 
ed. 3. Conscious; intelligent. 

KNdW'ING, (no'ing) n. Knowledge. Shak. 

KNdW'lNG-LY, (no'ing ly) ado. With knowledge. 

^KNOWL'EDGE, (nol'lej)77. 1. A clear and certain percep- 
tion of that which exists, or of truth and fact ; the percep- 
tion of the connection and agreement, or disagreement 
and repugnancy of our ideas. 2. Learning; illumination 
of mind. 3. Skill. 4. Acquaintance with any fact or 
person. 5. Cognizance; notice. Ruth ii. 6. Informa- 
tion ; power of knowing. 7. Sexual intercourse. But it 
is usual to prefix carnal. 

t KNOWL'EDGE, for acknowledge or avow. Bacon. 

t KNUB, ( (nub) i v. t. To beat ; to strike with 

t KNUB'BLE, i (nub'bl) / the knuckle. 

KNUC'KLE, (nuk'l) n. [Sax. cnucl ; G. kiwchel.] 1. The 
joint of a finger, particularly when protuberant by the 
closinf^ of the fingers. 2. The knee joint of a calf. 3. 
The joint of a plant ; [o&s.] Bacon. 

KNUC'KLE, (nuk'l) v. i. To yield ; to submit in contest to 


an antagonist. 

KNUC'KLED, a. Jointed. Bacon. 
KNUFF, (nuff) n. A lout ; a clown. 


KNUR, 
KNURLE, 


(imr) 

(null) 


n. [G. Ic7t07-ren.] A knot ; 
stance. Woodwai'd. 


a hard sub- 


KNURL'ED, (i. Full of knots. 

KNURIVY, (nurly) a. Full of knots; hard. 

KNUR'RY, (mir ry) a. Full of knots. 

Kn'BA, 71 . An antelope, with horns close at the base. 
Kd'KOB, n. A venomous serpent of America. 
KOL'LY-RTTE, n. [Gr. /coAXupiov.] A variety of clay. 
KOM'MA-NIC, V. The crested lark of Germany. 
KOxN'TL-lTE, 71 . [Grjj kovos and Xi0o?.] A mineral. 

Kd NITE. See Coni lE. 

Kd'PECK, n. A Russian coin, about the value of a cent. 
Kd^RAV, 7 >. (pronounced by oriental scholars koraton) n. 
[Ar.] The Mohammedan book of faith ; the alkoran. 

Kd'RET, n. A delicious fish of the East Indies. 

Kd'RlN, n. An antelope with slender, smooth horns. 
KOUPH'O-LTTE, n. [Gr. Kovepog and X<(?of.] A ininemL 
KRAAL, n. In the southern part of AfTnca, among the Hot- 
tentots, a village ; a collection of huts. 

KRAG, n. A species of argillaceous eartln 


‘ See Sympsk. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE i-BJJLL, UNlTE—6 as K ; 0 as J j S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 

31 




LAB 


482 LAC 


KRA'KEN, n. A supposed enormous sea animal. 

KRO'KA, n. A bird of Russia and Sweden. 

Ku'Fie, a. The Kafic letters were the ancient letters of 
the Arabic, so called from Kufa, on the Euphrates. 
Ku'MISS, n. A liquor or drink made from mare’s milk 
fermented and distilled ; milk spirit. Tooke. 

Ku'RIL, n. A bird, th« black petrel. Pennant, 


KU-RILT-AN, a. The Kurilian isles are a chain of islands 
in the Pacific. 

t KY, n. Kine. 

K^^'A-NTTE, 71. [It is written, also, cyanite.'] A mineral. 

K’?-AN'0-0EN, n. [Gr. Kvavos and yewaio.] Carbureted 
azote ; the compound base of prussic acid, called, also, 
priissine. 



L the twelfth letter of the English Alphabet, is usually 
j denominated a semi-vowel., or a liquid. It has only one 
sound in English, as in like, canal. At the end ot mono- 
syllables, it is often doubled, as m fall, full, tell, bell ; but 
not after diphthongs and digraphs -, foul, fool, prowl, growl, 
foul, (Sec. being written with a single I, In English words, 
the terminating syllable le is unaccented, the e is silent, 
and I has a feeble sound ; as in able, eagle, pronounced 
abl, eaul, 

/ o 

As a numeral, L denotes 50, and with a dash, L, 50,000. 

LA, (law) exclam. Look , see ; behold. Shak. 

LA, in music, the syllable by which Guido denotes the last 
sound of each hexachord. Encyc, 
t LAB, 'n. A great talker ; a blabber. Chaucer, 
LAB'A-DIST, 71. A follower of Jean de Labadie, 
LAB'DA-NUM. See Ladanum. 

LAB-E-F ACTION, n, [L. labef actio,'] A weakening or 
loosening ; a failing ; decay ; downfall ; ruin. 

LAB'E-F^, V. t. To weaken or impair. Diet, 
a'BEL, 71. [W. llab, a strip ; labed, a label.] 1. A narrow 
slip of silk, paper or parchment, containing a name or' ti- 
tle, and affixed to any thing, denoting its contents. 2. 
Any paper annexed to a will by way of addition ; as a 
codicil. — 3. In /reraWry, a fillet usually placed in the mid- 
dle, along the chief of the coat, without touching its ex- 
tremities. 4. A long, thin brass rule, with a small sights 
at one end, and a centre-hole at the other, commonly used 
with a tangent-line on the edge of a circumferentor, to 
take altitudes, <Scc. 

La'BEL, V, t. To affix a label to. 

La'BELED, pp. Furnished with a label. 

La'BEL-ING, ppr. Distinguishing by a label. 

La'BENT, a, fL. labens.] Sliding ; gliding. Diet, 
La'BI-xAL, a, [Fr.] Pertaining to the lips ; formed by the 
lips. 

La'BI-AL, 71. A letter or character representing an articula- 
tion of the lips ; as b, f, m, p, v, 

La'BI-ATE, ) a, [from L. labium,] In botany, a labiate 
La'BI-A-TED, \ corol is irregular, monopetalous, with 
two lips, or monopetalous, consisting of a narrow tube 
with a wide mouth, divided into two or more segments 
arranged in two opposite divisions or lips, 
f La'BILE, a, [Low L. labilis,] Liable to err, fall or apos- 
tatize. Cheyne. 

LAB-I-O-DENT'AL, a. [labium and dens,] Formed or 
pronounced by the cooperation of the lips and teeth j as 
/ and V, 

La'BOR,71. [L. labor,] 1. Exertion of muscular strength, 
or bodily exertion which occasions weariness 5 toilsome 
work ; pains ; travail ; any bodily exertion which is at- 
tended with fatigue. 2. Intellectual exertion ; application 
of the mind which occasions weariness. 3. Exertion of 
mental powers, united with bodily employment. 4. 
Work done, or to be done ; that which requires weari- 
some exertion. 5. Heroic achievement. 6. Travail ; the 
pangs and efforts of childbirth. 7. The evils of life ; tri- 
als ; persecution, &c. 

La'BOR, V, i. [L. laboro.] 1. To exert muscular strength ; 
to act or move with painful effort, particularly in servile 
occupations ; to work ; to toil. 2. To exert one’s powers 
of body or mind, or both, in the prosecution of any de- 
sign ; to strive ; to take pains. 3. To toil ; to be burden- 
ed. 4. To move with difficulty. 5. To move irregularly 
with little progress; to pitch and roll heavily. 6. To be 
in distress ; to be pressed. 7. To be in travail ; to suffer 
the pangs of childbirth. 8. To journey or march. 9. To 
perform the duties of the pastoral office. 1 Tim, v. 10. 
To perform Christian offices. — To labor under, iohe afflict- 
ed with ; to be burdened or distressed with. 

La'BOR, V, t, 1. To work at ; to till ; to cultivate. 2. To 
prosecute with effort ; to urge. 3. To form or fabricate 
with exertion. 4. To beat; to belabor. 5. To form with 
toil and care. 

t La'BO-RANT, 7?. A chemist. Boyle, 

LAB'O-R A-TO-RY, n, [Fr. laboratoire,] 1. A house or 
place where operations and experiments in chemistry, 
pharmacy, pyrotechny, &c., are performed. 2. A place 
where arms are manufactured or repaired, or fire-works 


prepared. 3. A place where work is performed, or any 
thing is prepared for use. 

LA'BORED, pp. Tilled ; cultivated ; formed with labor. 
La'BOR-ER, 71. One who labors in a toilsome occupation ; 
a man who does work that requires little skill, as distin- 
guished from an artisan. 

La'BOR-ING, ppr, 1. Exerting muscular strength or intel- 
lectual power; toiling; moving with pain or with diffi- 
culty ; cultivating. 2. A laboring man, or laborer, is often 
used for a man who performs work that requires no ap- 
prenticeship or professional skill, in distinction from an 
artisan. 

LA-Bd'RI-OUS, a. [L. laboriosus,] 1. Using exertion ; 
employing labor; diligent in work or service ; assiduous. 
2. Requiring labor; toilsome; tiresome; not easy. 3. 
Requiring labor, exertion, perseverance or sacrifices. 
LA-Bd'Rl-OUS-LY, adv. With labor, toil or difficulty. 
LA-Bo'RI-OUS-NESS, n, 1. The quality of being labori- 
ous, or attended with toil ; toilsomeness ; difficulty. 2. 
Diligence ; assiduity. 

La'BOR-LESS, a. Not laborious. Brerewood, 
t La'BOR-OUS, a. The old word for laborious, Spenser, 
t La'BOR-OUS-LY, adv. Laboriously. Sir T. Elyot. 
t La'BOR-S6ME, a. Made with great labor and diligence. 
La'BRA, 71. [Sp.] A lip. Shak. 

LA-BURN'UM, n, A tree of the genus cytisus, 

' LAB'Y-RINTH, n, [L. labyrinthus,] 1. Among the an- 
cients, an edifice or place full of intricacies', or formed 
with winding passages, which rendered it difficult to find 
the way from the interior to the entrance. 2. A maze ; 
an inexplicable difficulty. — 3. Formerly, an ornamental 
maze or wilderness in gardens. 4. A cavity in the ear. 
LAB-Y-RINTH'I-AN, a. Winding; intricate; perplexed. 
LAG, 77. [Sp. laca ; G. lack,] Gum-lac, so called, but im- 
properly, not being a gum, but a resin, 

LAG'CIG, a. Pertaining to lac, or produced from it. 

LACE, n. [Sp. lazo ; Fr. lacet ; It. laccio.] 1. A work com- 
posed of threads interwoven into a net, and worked on a 
pillow with spindles or pins. 2. A string; a cord. 3. A 
snare ; a gin. 4. A plaited string with which females 
fasten their clothes. 

LACE, V, t, 1. To fasten with a string through eyelet holes. 
2. To adorn with lace. 3. To embellish with variega- 
tions or stripes. 4. To beat ; to lash. 

LaCE'-BARK, 71. A shrub in the West Indies. 

LaCED, pp. ox a. Fastened with laceorastring ; also, tricked 
off with lace. — Laced coffee, coffee with spirits in it. Ad- 
dison. — Laced mutton, an old word for a whore ; [ofts.] 
Shak. 

LaCE'MAN, 77. A man who deals in lace. Addison. 
LaCE'WOM-AN, 77. A woman who makes or sells lace. 
LAC'ER-A-BLE, a. That may be torn. Harvey. 
LAC'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. lacero.] To tear ; to rend ; to sep- 
arate a substance by violence or tearing. 

LAC'ER-ATE, }pp. ora. 1. Rent; torn. — 2. In botany, 
LAC'ER-A-TED, ( having the edge variously cut into 
irregular segments. 

LAC-ER-a'TIOA^, 77. The act of tearing or rending ; the 
breach made by rending. Arbuthnot. 

LAC'ER-A-TTVE, a. Tearing ; having the power to tear. 
LAC'ER-TINE, a. [L. lacertus.] Like a lizard. 
LA-CER'TUS, 77. The girroc, a fish ; the lizard-fish. 
LACHE, ) n. [Norm. Fr. lachesse.] In law, neglect ; neg- 
LACH'ES, i ligence. 

LACH'EJS, 77. plu. Boggy places. Craven dialect. 
LACH'RY-MA-BLE, a. Lamentable. Morley. 
LACH'RY-MAL, a. [Fr. ; L. lachryma.] 1. Generating 
or secreting tears. 2. Pertaining to tears ; conveying 
tears. 

LACH'RY-MA-RY, a. Containing tears. Addison, 

LACH-R Y-Ma'TION, n. The act of shedding tears. 

LA GH'RY-M A-TO-RY, ??. [Fr. lachrymatoire,] A vessel 
found in sepulchres of the ancients, in which it has been 
supposed the tears of a decenteed person’s friends were 
collected and preserved with the ashes and urn. 
La'CING, ppr. Fastening with a string ; adorned or trim- 
med with lace. 

LA-CTN'I-ATE, ) a, [L. lacinia.] 1. Adorned with 
LA-CINH-A-TED, ( fringes. — 2. In iotarry, jagged. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.-^FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


LAD 


483 


LA€K, V. t. [D. leeg, leegen ; Dan. lak.] 1. To want; to 
be destitute of ; not to have or possess. 2. To blame , 
[obs.] ’ 

LA€K, V. i. 1. To be in want. 2. To be wanting. 

LA€K, n. Want; destitution; need; fnilure.— Lack of ru- 
pees is one hundred thousand rupees, which, at 55 cents 
each, amount to fifty-five thousand dollars. 

LACK-A-Da Y, exclamation of sorrow or regret ; alas. 

LA€K'BRaIxV, n. One that wants brains, or is deficient in 
understanding. Shak. 

L aSoUER I ”* varnish. 

LACK'ER, V. t. To varnish ; to smear over with lacker, for 
the purpose of improving color or preserving from tarnish- 
ing and decay. 

LACK'ER, n. One who is wanting. Davies. 

LACK'ERED, pp. Covered with lacker ; varnished. 

LACK'EY, 71. [Fr. laqiiais.] An attending servant ; a foot- 
boy or footman. 

LACK'EY, V. t. To attend servilely. Milton. 

LACK'EY, V. i. To act as footboy ; to pay servile attend- 
ance. 

LACK'LIN-EN, a. Wanting shirts. [Little used.] Shak. 

LACK'LUiS-TRE, a. Wanting lustre or brightness. 

LA-CON'TC, I a. [Fr. laconiqae j L. laconicus ; from 

LA-CON'I-CAL, ) Laconia.] 1. Short ; brief ; pithy ; 
sententious; expressing much in few words. 2. Pertain- 
ing to Sparta or Lacedemonia. 

LA-CON'I-CAL-LY, adv. Briefly ; concisely. 

LA-GON'ICS, n. A book of Pausanias, which treats of Lac- 
edemonia. 

* La'CON^-ISM, ) n. [Ju. lacojiismus.] 1. A concise style. 

LA-GON'I-CISM, j 2. A brief, sententious phrase or ex- 
pression. 

LAG'TACrE, n. The produce of animals yielding milk. 

LAC'TANT, a. [L. lacXans.] Suckling ; giving suck. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

LAC'TA-RY, a. [L. lactarius.] Milky ; full of white juice 
like milk. [Little used.] Brown. 

LAC'TA-RY, 71. [L. lactarius.] A dairy-house. 

LAC'TATE, 71. In chemistry^ a salt formed by the lactic 
acid, or acid of milk, with a base. Fourcroy. 

LAC-Ta'TION, 77. [L. lacto.] The act of giving suck ; or 
the time of suckling. Johnson. 

LAG'TE-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to milk. 2. Conveying 
chyle, 

LAC TE-AL, n. A vessel or slender tube of animal bodies, 
for conveying chyle from the intestines to the common 
reservatory. 

LAC'TE-AN, a. [L. lacteas.] Milky; having the color of 
milk. Moxon. 

LAC'TE-OUS, a. [L. lacteus.] 1. Milky ; resembling 
milk. 2. Lacteal ; conveying chyle. 

LAC-TES'CENCE, n. [L. lactescens.] 1. Tendency to 
milk ; milkiness or milky color. — 2. In botany^ milki- 
ness ; the liquor which flows abundantly from a plant, 
when wounded. 

LAG-TES'CENT, a. 1. Producing milk or white juice. 2. 
Abounding with a thick colored juice. 

LAG'TIG, a. Pertaining to milk, or procured from sour 
milk or whey ; as, the lactic acid. Fourcroy. 

LAG-TIF'ER-OLTS, a. [L. lac and fero.] 1. Bearing or 
conveying milk or white juice. 2. Producing a thick col- 
ored juice. 

LAC'U-NAR, 71. [L.] An arched roof or ceiling. 

I^A^U NOSE' I ^’urrowed or pitted. 

LAD, 11 . [W. llawd; and Sax. leod.] A young man or boy ; 
a stripling. 

LAD'A-NUM, 77. [Ar.] The resinous juice which exsudes 
from the leaves or the cistms' ladanifera. 

LAD'DER, 71. [Sax. hlwdder : D. ladder^ ox leder.] 1. A 
frame of wood, consisting of two side-pieces, connected 
by rounds inserted in them at suitable distances, and thus 
forming steps, by which persons may ascend a building, 
&c. 2. That by which a person ascends or rises ; means 
of ascending. 3. Gradual rise ; elevation. 

LADE, 7 ?. t.', pret. laded ; pp. laded^ laden, [Sax. ladan, and 
hladan ; G. laden.] 1. To load ; to put on or in, as a bur- 
den or freight. 2. To dip ; to throw in or out, as a fluid, 
with a ladle or dipper ; as, to lade water out of a tub or 
into a cistern. 3. To draw water ; [o6s.] 

t LADE, 11 . The mouth of a river. Oihson. 

LaD'ED, ) pp. 1. Loaded ; charged with a burden or freight. 

LaD'EN, \ 2. a. Oppressed ; burdened. 

LA'DJ -F Y, V. t. [L. fio^ and lady.] To make a lady of. Mas- 
singer. 

LaD'ING, ppr. Loading; charging with a burden or freight; 
throwing or dipping out. 

LaD'ING, n. That which constitutes a load or cargo ; 
freieht ; burden. 

LAD'KIN, 77,. A little lad ; a youth. [Little used.] 

La'DLE, 77.' [Sax. hlaedle.] 1. A utensil somewhat like 
a dish, with a long handle, used for throwing or dipping 


LAM 

out liquor from a vessel. 2. The receptacle of a mill- 
wheel, which receives the water which moves it. — 3. 
In gunnery^ an instrument for drawing the charge of a 

t"? Q uantity contained in a ladle. 

^!i^-f^\S-,M(Bfdiga,hl(efdia.] 1 . A woman 
tn Originally^ the title of Lady was given to 

the daughters of earls and others in high rank! but by 
custom, the title belongs to any woman of genteel educa- 
tion. 2. A word of complaisance ; used of women. 3. 
Mistress ; the female who presides or has authority over 
a manor or a family. 

LA'DY-BtRD,! A 11 j . 

La'DY-BUG ' s^iall, red, vaginopennous or sheath- 

La'DY-GOW ^ winged insect. Oay. A coleopterous 

La'DY-FLY ') of the genus coccmeZZa. Linne. 

La'DY’S BED-STRAW, n. A plant of the genus galium. 

La'DY’S BOW-ER, 77. A plant of the genus clematis. 

La'DY’S CoMB, 77. A plant of the genus scandix. 

La'DY’S CIJSH-ION, n. A plant of the genus saxifraga. 

La'DA^’S FIN-GER, n. A plant of the genus anthyllis. 

La'DY’S M^N-TLE, n. A plant of the genus aZcAer/iiZZa. 

La'DY’S SkAL, n. A plant of the genus tamus. 

LA'DY’S SLIP-PER, n. A plant of the genus cypripediuni. 

La'DY’S smock, n. A plant of the genus cardamine. 

La'DY’S TRa-CES, n. A plant of the genus ophrys. 

La'DY-DaY, 11 . The day of the annunciation of the holy 
virgin, March 25th. 

La'DY-LiKE, a. 1. Like a lady in manners; genteel; 
well-bred. 2. Soft; tender; delicate. 

La'DY-SHIP, 77. The title of a lady. Dryden. 

I LAG, a. [Goth, laggs ; W. Hag, llac.] 1. Coming after 
or behind ; slow; sluggish; tardy. 2. Last; long-delay- 
ed. Shak. 

LAG, 77. 1. The lowest class ; the rump; the fag end. 2. 
He that comes behind ; [oZ?,^ Shak. 

LAG, V. i. [W. llag, ZZac.J To walk or move slowly ; to 
loiter ; to stay behind. 

t LAG'GARD, a. Slow ; sluggish ; backward. Collins. 

LAG'GER, a. A loiterer; an idler; one who moves slowly 
and falls behind. 

LAG'GING, ppr. Loitering ; moving slowly and falling be- 
hind. Dryden. 

LA-GOON', ) 77. [It., Sp. laguna.] A fen, moor, marsh, 

LA-GuNE', I shallow pond or lake. 

La'IC, or La'I-CAL, a. [It. laico, laicale ,• Fr. laique.] Be- 
longing to the laity or people, in distinction from the 
clergy. 

LA'IC, 77. A layman. Rp. Morton. 

LAID, pret. and pp. of lay i so written for layed. 

LAID'LY, a. [Sax. lathlic.] Ugly ; loathsome ; foul. 

LAIN, pp. of lie. 

LAIR, 11 . [G. lager.] 1. A place of rest; the bed or couch 
of a boar or wild beast. Dryden. 2. Pasture ; the ground. 

LAIRD, 77. [Sax. hlaford.] In the Scots dialect, a lord j the 
proprietor of a manor. 

LAI'TER, or LAW'TER, ii. The whole quantity of eggs 
which a hen lays before she incubates. Brockett. 

LA'I-TY, 77 ,. [Gr. Xao?.] 1. The people, as distinguish- 
ed from the clergy ,• the body of the people not in or- 
ders. 2. The state of a layman, or of not being in or- 
ders ; [oZ>s.l 

LAKE, V. i. [Sw. leka.] To play ; to sport. Morth of Eng- 
land. 

LAKE, 77 . [G. lache ; Fr. lac ; L. lacus.] 1. A large and 
extensive collection of water contained in a cavity or hol- 
low of the earth. It difiers from a pond in size, the latter 
being a collection of small extent; but sorrietimes a collec- 
tion of water is called a pond or a lake indifferently. 2. A 
middle color between uitramarine and vermilion, made 
of cochineal. 

LAK'Y, a. Pertaining to a lake or lakes. Shertoood. 

LA'xMA, 77 . 1. The sovereign pontiff, or rather the god of 
the Asiatic Tartars. 2. A small species of camel. 

LAxM'AN-TIN, or L.YM'EN-TIN, 7?. A species of the wal- 
rus or sea-cow, the trichechus manatus. 

LAMB, (lam) n. [Goth, and Sax. lamb.] 1. The young 
of the sheep kind. 2. The Lamb of Ood,\o. Scripture, the 
Savior Jesus Christ, who was typified by the paschal 
lamb. 

LAMB, V. t. To bring forth young, as sheep. 

LAMB' ALE, n. A feast at the time of shearing lambs. 

Warton. , • 

LAM'BA-TIVE, a. [L. lambo.] Taken by licking. 

LAM'BA-TiVE, n. A medicine taken by licking with the 

tongue. Wiseman. . , . ♦ 

LAM'BENT, a. [L. lainbens.] Playing about; touching 

lightlv ; gliding over. 

LAMB'kiN, (lam'kin) 77. A small lamb. 

LAMB'LlKE, (lam'llke) a. Like a lamb ; gentle, humble, 

LAmIpS'-WOOL, 77. [a corruption 

the day of the apple fruit.] Ale mixed with sugar, nut 
meg and the pulp of roasted apples. Burton. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE BIJLL, UNITE. 


— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tAis. t Obsolete. 


LAN 


LAM ' 484 


L AM-DOID'AL, a. [Gr. ] In the form of the Greek A; 

the English L. Sharp. 

LAME, a. [Sax. Zamc, or Zarna.] 1. Crippled or uisabled in 
a limb, or otherwise injured so as to be unsound and im- 
paired in strength. 2. Imperfect ; not satisfactory. 3. 
Hobbling ; not smooth ; as numbers in verse. 

LAME, V. t. To make lame ; to cripple or disable ; to ren- 
der imperfect and unsound. Dryden. 

LAM' EL, n. [L. lamella.^ A thin plate or scale. 

LAM'EL-LAR, a. Disposed in thin plates or scales. 

LAM'EL-LAR-LY, ado. In thin plates or scales. 

LAM'EL-LATE, \ a. Formed in thin plates or scales, or 

LAM'EL-LA-TED, | covered with them. 

LAM-EL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. lamella and /ero.] Produc- 
ing plates. 

LAM'EL-LI-FORM, a. [L. lamella and form.] Having 
the form of a plate. Journ. of Science. 

LaME'LY, arfu. 1. Like a cripple ; with impaired strength ; 
in a halting manner. 2. Imperfectly ; without a com- 
plete exhibition of parts. 3. Weakly ; poorly j unsteadi- 
ly ; feebly. 

LaME'NESS, n. 1. An impaired state of the body or limbs ; 
loss of natural soundness and strength by a wound or by 
disease. 2. Imperfection ; weakness ; as the lameness 
of an argument or of a description. 

LA-AJ[ENT', V. i. [h. lamentor.] 1. To mourn ; to grieve; 
to weep or wail ; to express sorrow. 2. To regret deep- 
ly ; to feel sorrow. 

LA-MEiVT', V. t. To bewail; to mourn for; to bemoan ; 
to deplore. Dryden. 

LA-MEx\T', n. [L. lalnentnm.] Grief or sorrow expressed 
in complaints or cries ; lamentation ; a weeping. 

Lx\M'EN-TA-BLE, a. [Fr.; L. lamcvtabilis.] 1. To be la- 
mented ; deserving sorrow. 2. Mournful ; adapted to 
awaken grief. 3. Expressing sorrow. 4. Miserable ; pit- 
iful ; low ; poor. 

LAM'EN-TA-BLY, ado. 1. Mournfully ; with expressions 
or tokens of sorrow. 2. So as to cause sorrow. 3. Piti- 
fully ; despicably. 

LAM-EN-7'a'TION, 71. [L. lamentatio .] 1. Expression of 

sorrow ; cries of grief ; the act of bewailing. — 2. In the 
plural, a book of Scripture, containing the lamentations 
of Jeremiah. 

LA-MEIVTED, pp. Bewailed; mourned for. 

LA-MENT'ER, n. One who mourns, or cries out with sor- 
row. 

liAM'EN-TIN. Sec Lamantin. 

LA-MENT'ING, ppr. Bewailing ; mourning ; weeping. 

LA-MENT'ING, n. A mourning ; lamentation. 

La'MT-A, n. [L.] A hag ; a witch ; a demon. 

LAMT-NA, } n. [L. lamina.] 1. A thin plate or scale ; a 

LAM'IN, ) layer or coat lying over another ; applied to 
the plates of minerals, hones. Sec. 2. A bone, or part of a 
bone, resembling a thin plate, such as the cr^riform plate 
of the ethmoid bone. 3. The lap of the ear. 4. The bor- 
der, or the upper, broad or spreading part of the petal, in 
a polypetalous corol. 

LAM'IN-A-BLE, a. Capable of being formed into thin 
plates. 

LAM'I-NAR, a. In plates ; consisting of thin plates or lay- 
ers. 

LAM'T-NATE, ) a. Plated ; consisting of plates, scales or 

liAM'I-NA-TED, \ layers, one over another. 

LaM'ISH, a. Not quite lame ; hobbling. Wood. 

fLAMM, t. To beat. Beaumont. 

LAM'MAS, 71. [Sax. hlarnmcesse.] The first day of August. 
Bacon. 

LAMP, 71. [Fr.lampe; L. lampas.] 1. A vessel for contain- 
ing oil to be burned by means of a wick ; or a light, a 
burning wick inserted in a vessel of oil. — 2. Figuratively, 
a light of any kind. Rowe. — Lamp 'of safety, or safety 
lamp, a lamp for lighting coal mines, without exposing 
workmen to the explosion of inflammable air. Davy. 

LAM'PAS, n. | Fr.] A lump of flesh of the size of a nut, in 
the roof of a horse’s mouth, and rising above the teeth. 

L.\MP'BLA€K, 7i. A fine soot formed by the condensation 
of the smoke of burning pitch or resinous substances, in a 
chimney terminating in a cone of cloth. 

LAMP'I-ATE, 11 . A compound salt, composed of lampic 
acid and a base. Ure. 

LAMP'fC, a. The lampic acid is obtained by the combustion 
of ether by means of a lamp. Ure. 

t L AMP'TN’G, a. [It. Shining ; sparkling. 

LAM-POON', 17. [qu. Old Fr. lamper.] A personal satire in 
writing ; abuse ; censure written to reproach and vex 
rather than to reform. Drydrn. 

LAM-POON', V. t. To abuse with personal censure ; to re- 
proach in written satire. 

LAM-POON'ER, n. One who abuses with personal satire; 
the writer of a lampoon. Taller. 

LAM-POONM NG, ppr. Abusing with personal satire. 

LAM-POOY'RY, H. Abuse. 

LAM'PREY, n. [Fr. lamproie ; D. lamprci.] A genus of an- 
guilliform fishes, resembling the eel. Encyc. 


LAM'PREL, or LAM'PRON. See Lamprey. 

La'NATE, > a. [L. lanatus.] Wooly. — In botany, cover- 

LAN'A-TED, \ ed with a substance like curled hairs. 

LANCE, (Ians) n. [L. lancea ; Fr. lance.] A spear, an of- 
fensive weapon in form of a half pike, used by the an- 
cients and thrown by the hand. 

LANCE, V. t. [Arm. langza.] J. To pierce with a lance or 
with a sharp-pointed instrument. 2. To pierce or cut ; to 
open with a lancet. 

L.^vNCE'LY, (lans'ly) a. Suitable to a lance. Sidney. 

LAN'CE-O-LAR, a. In botany, tapering towards each end. 

LAN'CE-O-LATE, ) a. Shaped like a lance ; oblong and 

LAN'CE-O-LA-TED, ) gradually tapering toward each 
extremity ; spear-shaped. 

LANCE-PE-SaDE', 71. [It. lancia-speizata.] An officer un- 
der the corporal. J. Hall. 

LAN'CER, n. One who lances ; one who carries a lance. 

LAN'CET, 71. [Fr. lancette.] 1. A surgical instrument, 
sharp-pointed and two-edged ; used in venesection, and 
in opening tumors, abscesses, &c. 2. A pointed window. 

LANCH, V. t. [Fr. lancer.] 1. To throw, as a lance; to 
dart ; to let fly. 2. To move, or cause to slide from the 
land into the water. 

LAJVCH, V. i. To dart or fly off ; to push off. 

LANCH, n. 1. The slidijig or movement of a ship from the 
land into the water, on ways prepared for the purpose. 
2. A kind of boat, longer, lower, and more flat-bottoined 
than a long-boat. 

LAN'CI-NATE, v. t. [L. lancino.] To tear; to rend ; to 
lacer.ate. .Johnson. 

LAN-CT-Na'TION, 71. Tearing ; laceration. 

LAND, 71. [GotJj., Sax., G., D., Dan., Sw. land.] 1. Earth, 
or the solid matter which constitutes the fixed part of the 
surface of tlie globe, in distinction from water. 2. Any 
portion of the solid, superficial part of the globe, whether 
a kingdom or country, or a particular region. 3. Any 
small portion of the superficial part of the earth or ground. 
4. Ground ; soil, or the superficial part of the earth in re- 
spect to its nature or quality. 5. Real estate. 6. The in- 
habitants of a country or region ; a nation or people. 7. 
The ground left unploughed between furrows is by some 
of our farmers called a land . — To make the land, or to 
make land, in seamen^s language, is to discover land from 
sea, as the ship approaches it. — To shut in the land, to lose 
sight of the land left, by the inteivention of a point or 
promontory. — To set the land, to see by the compass how 
it bears from the ship. 

j LAND, 77. [Sax. hland, or hlond.] Urine ; whence the old 
expression land dam, to kill. Shale. 

LAND, V. t. To set on shore ; to disembark ; to debark. 

LAND, V. i. To go on shore from a ship or boat ; to disem- 
bark . 

LxAN'DAU, 77. A kind of coach or carriage whose top may 
be opened and thrown back. 

LAND'-BREEZE, n. [land and breeze.] A current of air 
setting from the land towards the sea. 

LAND'ED, pp. 1. Disembarked ; set on shore from a ship 
or boat. 2. a. Having an estate in land. 3. Consisting 
in real estate or land. 

LAND'FALL, n. 1. A sudden translation of property in 
land by the death of a rich man. — 2. In seameiFs language, 
the first land discovered after a voyage. 

LAND'FLoOD, n. An overflowing of land by water ; an 
inundation. 

LAND'-FoRCE, n. A military force, army or troops serving 
on land, as distinguished from a naval force. 

Lx\ND'GRxAVE, n. [G. landgraf; D. landgraaf.] In Ger- 
many, a count or earl. 

LAND-GRA'Vf-ATE, v. The territory held by a landgrave, 
or his office, jurisdiction or authority. 

Lx4.ND'HoLD-ER, n. A holder or proprietor of land. 

LAND'ING, ppr. Setting on shore ; coming rn shore. 

LAND'ING, } 77. A place where persons land, or 

LAND'ING-PLACE, ) where goods are set on shore. 

LAND'JOB-BER, n. A man who makes a business of buy- 
ing land on speculation. 

LAND'La-DY, 71. 1. A woman who has tenants holding 
from her. 2. The mistress of an inn. Swift. 

LAND'LESS, a. Destitute of land ; having no land. 

LxAND'LOCK, V. t. To inclose or encompass by land. 

LAND-LOCKED, pp. Encompassed by land, so that no 
point of the compass is open to the sea. 

LxAND'LO-PER, n. A landman; literally , ^ land runner i 
a term of reproach among seamen to designate a man who 
passes his life on land. 

LAND-LORD, v. [Sax. land-hlaford.] 1. The lord of a 
manor or of land ; the owner of land who has tenants un- 
der him. 2. The master of an inn or tavern. 

t LAND'LORD-RY, n. State of a landlord. Bp. Hall. 

LAND'MAN, n. A man who serves on land. 

LAND'MxARK, n. 1. A mark to designate the boundary of 
land ; any mark or fixed object. — 2. In naoigatiov , any 
elevated object on land that serves as a guide to seamen. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tJ, Y, Zo77^.~ FAR, FALL, WHxAT ;— PR^Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete. 


LAN 


485 


LAP 


LAND'-OF-FlfCE, n. In the United States, an ollice in 
which the sales of new land are registered. 

LAi\’Ly;5€APE, /t. [D. landsckap j c?w. latidskap.] 1. A 
portion of land or territory which the eye can comprehend 
in a single view, including mountains, rivers, lakes, and 
whatever the land contains. 2. A picture, exhibiting the 
form of a district of country, as far as the eye can reach. 
3. The view or prospect of a district of country, 
t LAx\ D SCaPE, V. t. To represent in a landscape. 
LAiVD'SLiDE, j n. A portion of a hill or mountain, which 
LAND'SLIP, I sZ/pi- or shiZes down j or tlie sliding down 
of a considerable tract of land from a mountain. Oold- 
smith. 

LANDS'MAN, n. In seamen^s language, a sailor on board 
a ship, who has not before been at sea. 

I LAND STR EIGHT, n. A narrow slip of land. 
LAND'-TAX, n. A tax assessed on land and buildings. 
LAND'-TURN, n. A land breeze. Encyc. 
LAND'-WaIT-ER, 71. An officer of the customs, whose 
duty is to wait or attend on the landing of goods. 
LAND'WARD, adv. Toward the land. Sandys. 
LAND^-WIND, n. A wind blowing from the land. 
LAND'-WoRK-ER, n. One who tills the ground. 

LANE, 71. [D. laaii.] 1. A narrow way or passage, or a 
private passage, as distinguished from a public road or 
highway. 2. A passage between lines of men, or people 
standing on each side. 

LANG, a. Tlie word in the JVorth of England for long', 
langsome, also, for longsome, tedious. 

LAN'GRAGE, ) 71. Langrel shot, or langrage, is a particular 
LAN'GREL, \ kind of shot used afsea for tearing sails 
and rigging, and thus disabling an enemy’s ship. 
LANG'SET-TLE, ??. A long bench to sit on. J\Torth of Eng. 
LANG-TER-A-LOO', n. A game at cards. Tatler. 
LAN'GUAGE, 71. [Fr. langage ; Sp. lengua, Icnguage.] 1. 
Human speech ; the expression of ideas by words or sig- 
nificant articulate sounds, for the communication of 
thoughts. 2. Words duly arranged in sentences, written, 
printed or engraved, and exhibited to the eye. 3. The 
speech or expression of ideas peculiar to a particular na- 
tion. 4. Style ; manner of expression. 5. The inarticu- 
late sounds by which irrational animals express their 
feelings and wants. 6. Any manner of expressing 
thoughts. 7. A nation, as distinguished by their speech. 
Dan. iii. 

•(■LAN'GUAGE, v.t. To give language to; to express. 
Lovelace. 

LAN'GUAGED, a. Having a language. Pope. 

LAN'GU AG E-MAS-TER, n. One whose profession is to 
teach languages. Spectator. 

LAN'GUE'r, n. [Fr. languette.'\ Any thing in the shape of 
the tongue. [JVbt EngVish.] 

LAN'GUID, a. [L. languidus.] 1. Flagging ; drooping ; 
hence, feeble; weak; heavy; dull; indisposed to exer- 
tion. 2. Slow. 3. ifdull ; heartless ; without animation. 
LAN'GUID-LY, adu. 'Weakly ; feebly ; slowly. 
LAN'GUID-NES?, n. 1. Weakness from exhaustion of 
strength ; feebleness ; dullness ; languor. 2. Slowness. 
LA v-^lUISII, V. i. [Vr. latiguir, langaUsant.] 1. To lose 
strength or animation ; to be or become dull, feeble or 
spiritless ; to pine ; to be or to grow heavy. 2. To wither ; 
to fade ; to lose the vegetating power. 3. To grow dull ; 
to be no longer active and vigorous. 4. To pine or sink 
under sorrow or any continued passion. 5. To look with 
softness or tenderness, as with the head reclined and a 
peculiar cast of the eye. 

LAN'GUISH, V. t. To cause to droop or pine. [L. m.] Shak. 
LAN GUISH, n. Act of pining ; also, a'soft and tender look 
or appearance. Pope. 

LAN'GUISH-ER, 71. One who languishes or pines. 
LAN*GUISH-ING, p/TT*. 1. Becoming or being feeble ; losing 
strength ; pining ; withering ; fading. 2. a. Having a 
languid appearance. 

LAN'GUISH-ING-LY, adv. 1. Weakly ; feebly ; dully ; 

slowly. 2. With tender softness. 

LAN^GUISH-MENT, 71. 1. The state of pining. 2. Soft- 
ness of look or mien, with the head reclined. 
LAN'GUOR, 7^. [L. languor; Fr. langueur.'] 1. Feeble- 
ness ; dullness ; heaviness ; lassitude of body ; that state 
of the body which is induced by exhaustion of strength. 
2. Dullness of the intellectual faculty ; listlessness. 3. 
Softness ; laxity. 

t LAN'GUOR-OUS, a. Tedious ; melancholy. Spenser. 
tLAN'GURE, V. t. To languish. Chaucer. 

LAN'IARD, (lan'yard) n. [Fr. laniere.'] A short piece of 
rope or line, used for fastening something in ships, 
t La'NI-A-RY, 77. [L. lanio.'] A shambles. Cockeram. 
La'NI-ATE, V. t. [L. lanio.'] To tear in pieces. [L. .ti] 

L A-NT-a'TION, 77. A tearing in pieces. [Little ?7scd.] 
LA-NIF'ER-OUS,<z. [L. lanifer.] Bearing or producing wool. 
LAN'I-FTCE, 77. [L. lanificium .y Manufacture of wool. 
LA-NIG ER-OUS, a.]li. 'laniger^ Bearingorproducing vyool. 
LANK, a. [Sax. hla.nca.] 1. Loose or lax and easily yield- 
ing to pressure ; not distended ; not stiff or firm by dis- 


lension ; not plump. 2. Thin ; slender ; meager ; not full 
and firm. 3. Languid ; drooping. 

LANK'LY , ady. Thinly ; loosely ; laxly. 

; flabbiness ; leanness ; slenderness. 
LANK'Y, a. Lank. [Uulsar.^ 

LANhXER, ) rt:. T . . 

LANL\ER-ET, [Ir* A species of hawk. 


LANS^Q,UE-NE r, 77. [Fr.] 1 . A common foot soldier. 2. 
A game at cards. 

LANT, 77. 1. The old name for the game of loo. 2. Urine. 
Brockett. 

LAN'TERN, n. [Fr. I ant erne ; L. laterna.] 1. A case or 
vessel made of tin perforated with many holes, or of some 
transparent substance, used for carrying a light. 2. A 
light-house or light to direct the course of ships. — 3.’ In 
architecture, a little dome raised over the roof of a build- 
ing to give light, and to serve as a crowning to the fabric. 
4. A square cage of carpentry placed over the ridge of a 
corridor or gallery, between two rows of shops, to illu- 
minate them. — Magic lantern, an optical machine, by 
which painted images are represented so much magnified 
as to appear like the effect of magic. 

LAN'TERN-FLy, n. An insect of the genns fulg or a. 

L.AN'TERN-JAWS, n. A thin visage. Spectator. 

LA-Nu'Gl-NOiiS, a. [L. lanuginosus.] Downy; covered 
with down, or fine, soft hair. 

LAN'YARD. See Laniard. 

LA-OD-I-Ce'AN, a. Like the Christians of Laodicea ; luke- 
warm in religion. 

LA-OD-I-Ck'AN-ISM, 77. Lukewarmness in religion. E. 


Stiles. 


LAP, 77. [Sax. Iceppe ; D., Dan. lap.] 1. The loose part of a 
coat ; the lower part of a garment that plays loosely. 2. 
'I'he part of clothes that lies on the knees when a person 
sits down ; hence, the knees in this position. 

LAP, V. t. 1. To fold ; to bend and lay over or on. 2. To 
wrap or twist round. 3. To infold ; to involve. 

LAP, V. i. To be spread or laid ; to be turned over. 

LAP, V. i. [Sax. Iappia7i.] To take up liquor or food with 
the tongue ; to feed or drink by licking. 

LAP, V. t. To take into the mouth with the tongue ; to lick 
up. Shale. 

LAP'DOG, 77. A small dog fondled in the lap. Dryden. 

LA-PEL', 77. That part of the coat which wraps over the 
facing. 

LAP'FIJLL, 77. As much as the lap can contain. 

t LAP'iU^lDE, 77. A stone-cutter. Diet. 

LAP-I-Da'RI-OUS, a. [h. lapidarius.] Stony ; consisting of 
stones. 

LAP'I-DA-RY, 77. [Fr. lapidaire ; L. lapidarius.] 1. An ar- 
tificer who cuts precious stones. 2. A dealer in precious 
stones. 3. A virtuoso skilled in the nature and kinds of 
gems or precious stones. 

L AP'I-DA-R Y, a. Pertaining to the art of cutting stones. 

t LAP'I-D ATE, V. t. [L. lapido.] To stone. 

LAP-I-Da'T 10N, 77. The act of stoning a person to death. 

LA-PID'E-OUS, a. [L. lapidetis.] Stony ; of the nature of 
stone. [Little iiscd.J Ray. 

LAP-I-DES'CENCE, n. [L. lapidesco.] 1. The process of 
becoming stone ; a hardening into a stony substance. 2. 


A stony concretion. 

LAP-l-DES'CENT, a. Growing or turning to stone; that 
has the quality of petrifying bodies. Enc7jc. 

LAP-I-DES'CENT, n. Any substance which has the quality 
of petrifying a body, or converting it to stone. 

LAP-I-DIF'I€, a. [h. lapis imdf ado.] Forming or convert- 
ing into stone. 

LA-PID-I-FI-€A'TION, 77. The operation of forming or 
converting into a stony substance. 

LA-PID'I-FY, V. t. [L. lapis und facio.] To form into stone. 

LA-PID'T-FY, V. i. To turn into stone ; to become stone. 

LAP'I-DIST, 77. A dealer in precious stones. See Lapidary. 

La'PIS, in Latin, a stone.— Lapis Bononiensis, the Bolognian 
stone.— Lapi^ hepaticus, liver stone.— Lapi*' lazuli, azure 
stone, an aluminous mineral, of a rich blue color, resem- 
blint^’the blue carbonate of copper. [See Lazuli.]— Lapis 
Lvdfiis, touch stone ; basanite ; a variety of siliceous slate. 

LAP'LING, 77. [from lap.] A term of contempt for one 
wrapped up in sensual delights. Hewyt. 

LAPPED, pp. [See Lap.] Turned or folded over. 

LAP PER, 77 . ] . One that laps ; one that wraps or folds. 2. 
One that takes up with'his tongue. 

LAP'PET, 77 . [dim. of Zap.] Apart of a garment or dress 
that hangs loose. Swift. 

LAP'PING, ppr. 1. Wrapping; folding; laying on. 2. 
Licking ; taking into the mouth with the tongue. 

LAPSE, (laps) 77. ['L.lapstis.] 1. A sliding, gliding or flow- 
ing ; a smooth course. 2. A falling or passing. .3. A slip ; 


an error ; a 


fault ; a failing in duty ; a slight deviation 
from truth or rectitude. — 4. In ecclesiastical law, the slip 
or omission of a patron to present a clerk to a benefice, 
within six months after it becomes void.— o. In theology, 
the fall or apostasy of Adam. 

jAPSE, (laps) V. 7 . 1. To glide ; to pass slowly , silently, or 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; 


TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


LAS 


486 LAT 


by degrees. 2. To slide or slip in moral conduct ; to fail 
in duty 5 to deviate fioin rectitude ; to commit a fault. 3. 
To slip or commit a fault by inadvertency or mistake. 4. 
To fall or pass from one proprietor to another, by the 
omission or negligence of the patron. 5. To fall from a 
state of innocence, or from truth, faith or perfection. 

LAPSED, pp. Fallen 5 passed from one proprietor to another 
by the negligence of the patron. 

LAP';3lD-ED, a. [Lap and side.] Having one side heavier 
than the other, as a ship. Ma?-. Diet. 

LAPS'INGr, ppr. Gliding; flowing; failing; falling to one 
person through the omission of another. 

LAP'STONE, n. A cobbler’s stone on which he hammers 
his leather. Brackett. 

LAP' WING, n. A bird of the genus tringa ; the tewit. 

LAP'WDRK, n. Work in which one part laps over another. 

LAR, 71 . plu. La'res. [L.] a household deity. Lovelace. 

LAR'BoARD, n. The left-hand side of a ship, when a per- 
son stands with his face to the head ; opposed to star- 
board. 

LAR'BoARD, a. Pertaining to the left-hand side of a ship. 

LAR'CE-NY, n. [Fr. larcin.'\ Theft ; the act of taking and 
carrying away the goods or property of another feloniously. 

LARCH, n. [L. Zarix.] The common name of a division of 
the genus pinus. 

LARD, n. [Fr. lard ; L. lardum.] 1. The fat of swine, after 
being melted and separated from the flesh. 2. Bacon ; 
the flesh of swine. Dryden. 

LARD, V. t. [Fr. larder.] 1. To stuff with bacon or pork. 
2. To fatten ; to enrich. 3. To mix with something by 
way of improvement. 

LARD, V. i. To grow fat. Drayton. 

LAR-Da'CEOUH, a. Of the nature of lard ; consisting of 
lard. 

LARD'ED, pp. Stuffed with bacon ; fattened ; mixed. 

LARD'ER, 77 . A room where meat is kept or salted. 

LARD'ER-ER, n. One who has the charge of the larder. 

LA R' DON, 77 ,. [Fr.] A bit of bacon. 

I LARD'RY, 71. A larder. 

t LARE, 77 . [Sax. Zare, Icere.] Learning ; scholarship. 

LARGE, (larj) a. [Fr. large ; L. largus.] 1. Big ; of great 
size ; bulky. 2. Wide ; extensive. 3. Extensive or pop- 
ulous ; containing many inhabitants. 4. Abundant ; plen- 
tiful ; ample. 5. Copious ; diffusive. — 6 . In seamen^s 
language, the wind is large when it crosses the line of a 
ship’s course in a favorable direction, particularly on the 
beam or quarter. 7. Wide ; consisting of much water. 
8. Liberal; of a great amount. — .dt large. 1. Without 
restraint or confinement. 2. Diffusely ; mlly ; in the full 
extent. 

LARGE, n. Formerly, a musical note equal to four breves. 

I LARGE-HEART'ED-NESS, 71. Largeness of heart ; liber- 
ality. Bp. Reynolds. 

LA RG E'LY, adi;. 1. Widely ; extensively. 2 . Copiously; 
dilfusely ; amply. 3. Liberally ; bountifully. 4. Abund- 
antly. 

LARGE'NESS, n. 1. Bigness ; bulk ; magnitude. 2. Great- 
ness; comprehension. 3. Extent; extensiveness. 4. 
Extension ; amplitude ; liberality. 5. Wideness ; ex- 
tent. 

LAR'GESS, 71. [Fr. largesse.] A present ; a gift or dona- 
tion ; a bounty bestowed. Dry dm. 

LARG'ISH, a. Somewhat large. [Unus\ial.] Cavallo. 

LAR'GO, or LAR-GHET'TO. [It.] Musical terms, directing 
to slow movement. 

LAR-Gl"TION, 71. [L. largitio.] The act of giving. Diet. 

LARK, 71. [Sax. Za/e 7 *c, lauerce ; Scot, laverok, lauerok.] A 
bird of the genus alauda. 

LARK'ER, 71. A catcher of larks. Diet. 

LARK'LTKE, a. Resembling a lark in manners. 

LARK’S'-HEEL, n. A flower called Indian cress. 

LARK'SPUR, 71. A plant of the genus delphinium, 

LAR'MIER, 71. [Fr. ] The flat, jutting part of a cornice ; 
literally, the dropper ; the eave or drip of a house. 

LAR'UM, 7 i. [G. Zd/*m.] Alarm; a noise giving notice of 
danger. See Alarm. 

LAR'VA, or LARVE, n. [L. larva.] An insect in the 
caterpillar state ; eruca. 

LAR'VA-TED, a. Masked ; clothed as with a mask. 

LA-RYN'GE-AN, a. Pertaining to the larynx. 

LAR-YN-GOT'O-MY, n. [L. larynx, and Gr. reuvw.] The 
operation of cutting the larynx, or windpipe ; tracheotomy. 

LAR'YNX, 71. [Gr. ^apuy|.] In anatomy, the upper part of 
the windpipe or trachea, a cartilaginous cavity. 

LAS'CAR, 71. In the East Indies, a native seaman, or a 
gunner. 

tLAS-CIV'I-EN-CY, LAS-CIV'I-ENT. See the next 
words. 

LAS-CIV'I-OUS, a. [Fr. lascif ; It., Sp. lascivo ; L. lasci- 
7J715.] 1. Loose ; wanton ; lewd ; lustful. 2. Soft ; wan- 

ton ; luxurious. 

L AS-CI V'l-OUS-LY, TiiZy. Loosely ; wantonly; lewdly. 

LAS-CIV'I-OUS-NESS, 7 i^ 1. Looseness ; irregular indul- 
gence of animal desires ; wantonness ; lustfulness. 2 . 


Tendency to excite lust, and promote irregular indulgen- 
ces. 

LASH, 77 . [G. lascJie.] 1. The thong or braided cord of a 
whip. 2. A leash or string. 3. A stroke with a whip, or 
any thing pliant and tough. 4. A stroke of satire ; a sar- 
casm ; an expression or retort that cuts or gives pain. 

LASH, V. t. 1. To strike with a lash or any thing pliant, 
to whip or scourge. 2. To throw up with a sudden jerk. 
3. To beat, as with something loose ; to dash against. 4. 
To tie or bind with a rope or cord ; to secure or fasten by 
a string. 5. To satirize ; to censure with severity. 

LASH, V. i. To ply the whip ; to strike at. Dryden . — To lash 
out, is to be extravagant or unruly. 

LASHED, pp. 1. Struck with a lash; whipped; tied; 
made fast by a rope.— 2. In botany, ciliate ; fringed. Lee. 

LASH'ER, 71. One that whips or lashes. 

LASH'ER, or LASH'ING, n. A piece of rope for binding or 
making fast one thing to another. 

LASH'FREE, a. Free from the stroke of satire. B. Jon- 
son. 

LASH'ING, 71. Extravagance; unruliness. South. 

LASK, 71. [L. laxus.] A looseness ; a lax ; a flux. Burton, 

LASS, 71. [qu. from laddess.] A young woman ; a girl. 

LAS'SI-TUDE, 71. [Fr. ; L. lassitudo.] 1. Weakness ; dull- 
ness ; heaviness ; weariness ; languor of body or mind. — 
2. Among physicians, lassitude is a morbid sensation of 
languor which often precedes disease. 

LASS'LORN, a. Forsaken by his lass or mistress. 

LAST, a. [contracted from latest ; Sax. last.] 1. That 
comes after all the others ; the latest. 2. That follows all 
the others ; that is behind all the others in place ; hind- 
most. 3. Beyond which there is no more. 4. Next 
before the present. 5. Utmost. 6. Lowest ; meanest . — jlt 
last, at the last, at the end ; in the conclusion. — To the 
last, to the end ; till the conclusion. 

LAST, adv. 1. The last time ; the time before the present. 
2. In conclusion ; finally. 

LAST, V. i. [Sax. lastan, Icestan.] 1. To continue in time ; 
to endure ; to remain in existence. 2. To continue unim- 
paired ; not to decay or perish. 3. To hold out; to con- 
tinue unconsumed. 

LAST, n. [Sax. hlaeste; G., Sw., D., Dan. ZewZ.] A load ; 
hence, a certain weight or measure. 

LAST. 71. [Sax. laste, Iceste.] A mold or form of the human 
foot, made of wood, on which shoes are formed. 

t LAST'AGE, 71. [Fr. lestage.] 1. A duty paid for freight 
or transportation. 2. Ballast. 3. The lading of a ship. 

LAST'AGED, a. Ballasted. Huloet. 

I LAST'ER-Y, 71. A red color. Spenser. 

LAST'ING, ppr. 1. Continuing in time; enduring; re- 
maining. 2. a. Durable ; of long continuance ; that may 
continue or endure. 

LAST'ING-LY, adv. Durably ; with continuance. 

LAST'ING-NESS, n. Durability; the quality or state of 
long continuance. Sidney. 

LAST'LY, adv. 1. In the last place. 2. In the conclusion ; 
at last ; finally. 

LATCH, 77. [Fr. loquet.] 1. A small piece of iron or wood 
used to fasten a door. 2. A small line like a loop, used 
to lace the bonnets to the courses, or the drabblers to the 
bonnets. 

LATCH, V. t. 1. To fasten with a latch ;lo fasten. 2. [Fr. 
lecher.] To smear ; [oZ»s.] 

LATCH'ET, 77 . [from latch, Fr. lacet.] The string that 
fastens a shoe. Mark i. 

LATE, a. [Sax. Icet, lat ; Goth. lata. This adjective has 
regular terminations of the comparative and superlative 
degrees, later, latest, but it has also latter, and latest is 
often contracted into last.] 1. Coming after the usual 
time ; slow ; tardy ; long delayed. 2. Far advanced to- 
wards the end or close. 3. Last, or recently in any place, 
office or character. 4. Existing not long ago, but now 
decayed or departed. 5. Not long past ; happening not 
long ago ; recent. 

LATE, adv. 1. After the usual time, or the time appointed ; 
after delay. 2. After the proper or usual season. 3. Not 
long ago ; lately. 4. Far in the night, day, week, or other 
particular period. — Of late, lately, in time not long past, 
or near the present. — Too late, after the proper time ; not 
in due time. 

LATE, V. t. [Icel. leita.] To seek ; to search. 

t LaT'ED, a. Belated ; being too late. Shak. 

LAT'EEN, a. A lateen sail is a triangular sail, extended by 
a lateen yard. 

LaTE'LY, adv. Not long ago ; recently. 

La'TEN-CY, 77 . The state of being concealed ; abstruse- 
ness. Paley. 

LaTE'NESS, 77 . 1. The state of being tardy, or of coming 
after the usual time. 2. Time far advanced in any par- 
ticular period. 3. The state of being out of time, or after 
the appointed time. 

La'TENT, a. [L. ZaZe/Ts.] Hid; concealed; secret; not 
seen ; not visible or apparent . — Latent heat is heat in 
combination, in distinction from sensible heat. 


* Sec Synopsis. A , K, 1, o, V, long.~FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRSY ;— PIN, MARINE, Bt RD ;— f Obsolete. - 


487 


LAT 

LAT’ER, a. [comp. deg. of late.'] Posterior ; subsequent. 

LAT'ER-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. lateralis.] 1. Pertaining to the 
side. 2. Proceeding from the side. 

t L AT-ER-AL'1-T Y, n. The quality of having distinct sides. 

LAT'ER-AL-LY, adv. 1. By the side; sideways. Holder. 

. 2. In tlie direction of the side. 

LAT'E-RAN, n. One of the churches at Rome. 

A LAT'E-RE, [E.] A legate a latere is a pope’s legate or 
envoy, so called because sent from his side^ from among 
his favorites and counselors. 

fLAT'EREU, a. Delayed. Chaucer. 

LAT-ER-I-Fo'LI-OUS, a. [L. latus and folium.] In 
botany^ growing on the side of a leaf at the base. Lee. 

LAT-ER-I"TIOlJS, G. [L. Zaterihus.] Like bricks ; of the 
color of bricks. Med. Repos. 

fLATE'WARD, a. [Sax. weardj and late.] Backward. 
Huloet. 

t LATE'WARD, adv. Somewhat late. 

LATH, 71. [Fr. latte.] 1. A thin, narrow board or slip of 
wood nailed to the rafters of a building to support the 
tiles or covering. 2. A thin, narrow slip of wood nailed 
to the studs, to support the plastering. 

LATH, V. t. To cover or line with laths. Mortimer. 

LATH, n. [Sax. leth.] In some parts of England^ a part 
or division of a county. 

LATHE, n. [qu. lath.] An engine by which instruments 
of wood, ivory, metals and other materials, are turned 
and cut into a smooth round form. 

LATH'ER, V. i. [Sax. lethrian.] To form a foam with wa- 
ter and soap ; to become froth, or frothy matter. 

LATH^ER, V. t. To spread over with tlie foam of soap. 

LATIPER, 71. 1. Foam or froth made by soap moistened 
with water 2. Foam or froth from profuse sweat, as of 
a horse. 

LATH'Y, a. Thin as a lath ; long and slender. Todd. 

LATIPY, a. [VV^. lleth.] Flabby ; weak. Mew England. 

LA-TIB'U-LIZE, 75. i. \E. latibulum.] To retire into a den, 
burrow or cavity, and lie dormant in winter ; to retreat 
and lie hid. 

LATT-CLAVE, 7t. [Ij. laticlavium.] An ornament of dress 
worn by Roman senators. 

LAT'IN, a. Pertaining to the Latins, a people of Latium, in 
Italy ; Roman. — Latin churchy the western church. 

LAT'IN, 71. 1. The language of the ancient Romans. 2. 
An exercise in schools, consisting in turning English into 
Latin. 

LATTN-LY, adv. So as to understand or write Latin. Hey- 
lin. 

LATTN-If?M, n. A Latin idiom ; a mode of speech pecul- 
iar to the Latins. Addison. 

LAT'IN-fST, 71. One skilled in Latin. 

LA-TINT-TY, n. Purity of the Latin style or idiom ; the 
Latin tongue. 

LATTN-TZE, v. t. To give to foreign words Latin termina- 
tions, and make them Latin. Watts. 

LAT LV-TZE, v. i. To use words or phrases borrowed from 
the Latin. Dry den. 

LAT-I-ROS'TROUS, a. [L. latus and rostrum.] Having a 
broad beak, as a fowl. Brown. 

LaTHSH, a. [from late.] Somewhat late. 

LAT'I-TAX-CY, n. [L. latitans.] The state of lying con- 
cealed ; the state or lurking. Brown. 

LATI-TANT, a. Lurking; lying hid ; concealed. Boyle. 

LAT'I-TAT, 71. [L.] A writ by which a person is sum- 
moned into the king’s bench to answer, as supposing he 
lies concealed. 

LAT-I-Ta'TION, n. The state of lying concealed. 

LAT I-TUDE, 77. [Fr. ; E. latitudo.] J. Breadth; width; 
extent from side to side. 2. Room ; space. — 3. In astrono- 
my, the distance of a star north or south of the ecliptic. — 
4. In geography, the distance of any place on the globe, 
north or south of the equator. 5. Extent of meaning or 
construction; indefinite acceptation. 6. Extent of devia- 
tion from a settled point ; freedom from rules or limits ; 
laxity. 7. Extent. 

LAT-I-Tu'DI-NAL, a. Pertaining to latitude ; in the direc- 
tion of latitude, ^egory. 

LAT-I-TU-DI-NA'RI-AN, a. [Fr. latitudinairc .] Not re- 
strained ; not confined by precise limits ; free ; thinking 
or acting at large. 

LAT-I-TU-DI-NA'RI-AN, 77. L One who is moderate in- 
his notions, or not restrained by precise, settled limits in 
opinion ; one who indulges freedom in thinking. — 2. In 
theology, one who departs in opinion froni the strict prin- 
ciples^’of orthodoxy ; or one who indulges a latitude of 
thinking and interpretation ; a moderate man. 

LAT-I-TU-DI-Na'RI-AN-ISM, 77. Freedom or liberality of 
opinion, parZicTtZarZ]/ in theology. 2. Indifference to re- 
ligion. 

La'TRANT, a. [L. latro.] Barking. Tickell. 

t La'TRATE, V. i. To bark as a dog. 

t LA-TRa TION, 77. A barking. 

LA'TRI-A,77. [L.] The highest kind of worship, or that 
paid to God ; distinguished by the Catholics from ^77/777. 


LAU 



A mineral. 

] Theft ; larceny. 

LAT'TEN-BRx^^' covered with tin. 

T AT^TFR . tn ’• • "'"‘led brass. 

A I lER, a. [an irregular comparative of late 1 1 Com- 

li^ofT^' 3^ Mod’ern^flate^^ 

mowed after a former mowing. ® ’ wmen is 

^ vvork of wood or iron 

made by crossing laths, rods or bars, and forming oner! 
squares like net-work. wunig open 

LAT'TICE, a. 1 . Consisting of cross pieces. 2. Furnished 
with lattice work. \ 

LAT^TICE, V. t. 1. To form with cross bars, and onen 
work. 2 . To furnish with a lattice. ' ^ 

LAT'TICED, pp. Furnished with a lattice. 

LAUD, 77. [L. laus, laudis.] 1. Praise ; commendation ; 
an extolling in words; honorable mention ; [little used.] 
1 hat part of divine worship which consists in praise. 
3. Music or singing in honor of any one. 

LAUD. V. t. [L. laudo.] To praise in words alone, or with 
words and singing ; to celebrate. Bentley. 

LAUD'A-BLE, a. [h.laudabilis.] 1 . Praiseworthy; com- 
mendable. 2. Healthy ; salubrious. 3 . Healthy ; well 
digested. 


LAUD'A-BLE-NESS, 77 . The quality of deserving praise; 
praiseworthiness. [Laudability , in a like sense, has been 
used, but rarely.] 

LAUD'A-BLY, adv. In a manner deserving praise. 

^ LAUD^A-NUM, (lod'a-num) n. [from L. ZautZo.] Opium 
dissolved in spirit or wine ; tincture of opium. Coze. 

t LAU-Da'TION, 77. [L. laudatio.] Praise ; honor paid. 

LAUD'A-TIVE, 77. [L. ZaucZat 77 ;( 7 s.] A panegyric; a eulo- 
gy. [Little used,] Bacon. 

LAUD'A-TO-RY, a. Containing praise ; tending to praise. 

LAUD^A-TO-RY n. That which contains praise. 

LAUD'ER, 77. One who praises. 

LAUGH, (lafF) v.i. [Sax. ZiZZ/iaTr ; G.lachen; D. lachen.] 
1 . To make the noise and exhibit the features which are 
characteristic of mirth in the human species. — 2. In poetry, 
to be gay ; to appear gay, cheerful, pleasant, lively or 
brilliant. — To laugh at, to ridicule; to treat with some 
degree of contempt. — To laugh to scorn, to deride; to 
treat with mockery, contempt and scorn. 

LAUGH, (laff") n. An expression of mirth peculiar to the 
human species. 


LAUGH'A-BLE, (laffa-bl) a. That may justly excite laugh- 
ter. 

LAUGH-AND-LAY-DOWN, 77. A game at cards. Skelton. 
LAUGIPER, (lafffer) n. One who laughs, or is fond of 
merriment. Pope. 

LAUGH ING, (laffing) ppr. Expressing mirth in a particular 


manner. 

LAUGH'ING-LY, (llif'fing-ly) adv. In a merry way; with 
laughter. 

LAUGH'ING-STOCK, n. An object of ridicule. 

LAUGH'TER, (lalfter) n. Convulsive merriment; an ex- 
pression of mirth peculiar to man. 

LAUGHAV6R-THY, a. Deserving to be laughed at. 

LAU'MON-ITE, n. Efflorescent zeolite. 

LAUNCH. See Lanch. 

fLAUND, 71. A lawn. Chaucer. 

LADND'ER, (land er) n. [from L. lavo.] A washer-wom- 
an ; also a long and hollow trough, used by miners to 
receive the powdered ore from the box where it is ueaten. 

LAUND'ER, (lind'er) 75. t. To wash; to wet. Shak. 

LAUND'ER-ER, (land'er-er) n. A man who follows the 
business of washing clothes. Butler. 

LAUN'DRESS, (lan'dres) 77. [Fr. lavandiere.] A washer- 
woman ; a female whose employment is to wash clothes. 

LAUN'DRESS, (lan'dres) v. 7. To practice washing. 

LAUN'DRY, (Ian dry) n. [Sp. lavad^ro.] L A washing. 
2. The place or room where clothes are washed. 

LAU'RE-ATE, a. [L. laureatus.] Decked or invested 
with laurel . — Poet laureate, in Oregt Lritain, an officer 
of the king’s household, whose business is to compose an 
ode annuaily for the king’s birth-day, and for the new 

year. ' . , , . 

LAU'RE-ATE, 75 . t. To honor with a degree in the univer- 
sity, and a present of a wreath of laurel. Wartoii. 

LAU'RE-A-TED, pp. Honored with a degree and a laurel 


wreath. , ^ ^ . , • .1 ^ 

jAU-RE-a'TION, n. The act of conferring a degree in the 

university, together with a wreath of laurel. 

: laU'REL 7 .. [L- Za 77 r 77 s.] The bay-tree or laums. 

LAU'RELED, a. Crowned or decorated with laurel, or 

with laurel wreath ; laureate. t -n j • 

^AU-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. laurus and fero.] Producing 

or bringing laurel. n * 1 ♦ 

jAU'RUS-TIN, 77. [L. laurustmus.] A plant. 
.AUS'KRAUT, 77. [G. Vdusekraut.] A plant. 


* Su Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE j-ElJEL, UNITE—G as K ; <5 as J ; * as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. ^Obsolete. 


LAW 


488 LAY 


LAU'TU, n. A band of cotton, twisted and worn on the 
iiead of the inca of Peru, as a badge of royalty. 

♦La'VA, n. [it. laua.] 1. A mass or stream of melted min- 
erals or stony matter which bursts or is thrown from the 
mouth or sides of a volcano. 2. The sajue matter when 
cool and hardened. 

LA-VA'T10N, 7t. [h. lavatio.] A washing or cleansing. 

LAV^'A-TO-K Y, a. [See Lave.] 1. A place for washing. 2. 
A yv^asli or lotion for a diseased part. 3. A place where 
gold is obtained by washing. 

LAVE, V. t. [Fr. laver L. lava.'] To wash ; to bathe. 

LAVE, V. i. To bathe ; to wash one’s self. Pope. 

+ LAVE,!;, t. [Fr. lever.] To throw up or out 3 to lade out. 

LAVE, The remainder or leaving. Grose. 

I LaVEeARED, a. Having large, pendent ears. Bp. Hall. 

LA-VEER', V. t. [Fr. loitvoiier.] In seamerPs language^ to 
tack ; to sail back and forth. 

LAV'EN-DER, n. [L. lavendula.] A plant. 

La'VER, n. [Fr. lavoir.] A vessel for washing j a large 
basin. 

LAV'ER-0€K. See Lark. 

LaV^ING, ppr. Washing; bathing. 

LAV'ISH, a. 1. Prodigal ; expending or bestowing with 
profusion ; profuse. 2. Wasteful ; expending without 
necessity ; liberal to a fault. 3. Wild ; unrestrained. 

LAV'ISH, V. t. 1. To expend or bestow with profusion. 2. 
To waste ; to expend without necessity or use ; to squander. 

LAV'ISHED, 7;/;. Expended profusely; wasted. 

LAVTSH-ER, n. A prodigal ; a profuse person. 

LAVTSH-ING, ppr. Expending or laying out with profu- 
sion ; wasting. 

LAV'ISH-LY, adv. With profuse expense ; prodigally ; 
wastefully. Dryden. Pope. 

LAVTSH-NE^^ I j prodigality. Spenser. 

LA-VOL'TA, n. [It. la volta.] An old dance in which 
were much turning and capering. Shah. 

LAW, 71. [Sax. laga, lage^ lag, or lah ; Sw. lag ; Dan. lov ; 
ft. legge ; Sp. ley ; Fr. loi.] 1. A rule, particularly , an 
established or permanent rule, prescribed by the supreme 
power of a state. — 2. Mu/iicipal law is a rule of civil con- 
duct prescribed by the supreme power of a state, com- 
manding what its subjects are to do, and prohibiting 
what they are to forbear ; a statute. — 3. Laio of nature is 
a rule of conduct arising out of the natural relations of 
human beings established by the Creator, and existing 
prior to any positive precept. — 4. Laws of animal nature, 
the inherent principles by which the economy and func- 
tions of animal bodies are performed. — 5. Laws of vegeta- 
tion, the principles by which plants are produced. — C. 
Physical laivs, or laws of nature. The invariable tendency 
or determination of any species of matter to a particular 
form with definite properties, and the determination of a 
body to certain motions, changes, and relations, which 
uniformly take place in the same circumstances, is called 
a physical law. — 7. Laivs of nations, the rules that regulate 
the mutual intercourse of nations or states. — 8. Moral 

• laic, a law which prescribes to men their religious and 
social duties. — 9. Ecclesiastical law, a rule of action pre- 
scribed for the government of a church ; otherwise called 
canon law. — 10. Written a law or rule of action pre- 
scribed or enacted by a sovereign, and promulgated and 
recorded in writing. — 11. Unwritten or common law, a rule 
of action which derives its authority from long usage, or 
established custom. — 12. By-law, a law of a city, town or 
private corporation ; [see By.] — 13. Mosaic law, the insti- 
tutions of Moses. — 14. Ceremonial law, the Mosaic institu- 
tions which prescribe tlie external rites and ceremonies. 
15. A rule of direction ; a directory ; as reason and nat- 
ural conscience. 16. That which governs or has a ten- 
dency to rule. 17. The word of God ; the doctrines and 
precepts of God, or his revealed will. 18. The Old 
Testament. 19. The institutions of Moses, as distinct 
from the other parts of the Old Testament ; as the law 
and the prophets. 20. A rule or axiom of science or art ; 
settled principle. — 21. Laiv martial, or martial law, the 
rules ordained for the government of an army or military 
force. 22. Marine laws, rules for the regulation of navi- 
gation, and the commercial intercourse of nations. — 23. 
Lonimercial law, luic-wer chant, the system of rules by 
which trade and commercial intercourse are regulated 
bet\yeen merchants. 24. Judicial process ; prosecution 
courts of law. Spectator. 25. Jurisprudence. 
Civil law, cmminal law ; [sec Civil and Criminal .] — Laws 
of honor •, [see Honor.] Law the language used 

in legal writings and forms, panicularly, the xNorman dia- 
lect, or Old French, which was used in judicial proceed- 
ings from the days of William the Conqueror to the 36th 
year of Edward III. Wager of law, a species of trial 
formerly used in England. 

LAW'-BREAK-ER, n. One who violates the law. 

LAW^-DAY, n. 1. A day of open court. Shak. 2. A leet 
or sheriff’s tourn. 

LAW'FUL, a. 1. Agreeable to law ; conformable to law ; 


allowed by law ; legal ; legitimate. 2. Constituted by 
law ; rightful. 

LAW'FLL-LY, adv. Legally; in accordance with law; 
without violating law. 

LAW'Fl]L-NE!8c>, n. The quality of being conformable to 
law; legality. 

LA W'Gl V-ER, n. {law and give.] One who makes or enacts 
a law ; a legislator. Swijt. * 

liAW'GIV-lAG, a. Making or enacting laws ; legislative. 

LAWHNG, n. Expeditation ; the act of cutting oft’ the claws 
and balls of the fore feet of mastift’s. 

LAW'LESS, a. \. Aot subject to law ; unrestrained by law. 
2. Contrary to law ; illegal ; unauthorized. 3. Aot sub- 
ject to the ordinary laws of nature ; uncontrolled. 

LAW'LESS-LY, adv. In a manner contrary to law. Shak. 

LAW'LEiSS-AElSS, n. The quality or state of being unre- 
strained by law ; disorder. Spenser. 

LAW'-Ma-KER, n. One who enacts or ordains laws; a 
legislator ; a lawgiver. 

LAW'-MoN-GER, n. A low dealer in law ; a pettifogger. 

LAWN, n. [W. llan.] An open space between woods, or a 
plain in a park or adjoining a noble seat. 

LAWN, n. [Fr. linon.] A sort of fine linen, used in the 
sleeves of bishops. 

LAWN, a. Made of lawn. 

LAWN'Y, a. 1. Level, like a lawn. 2. Made of lawn. 

LA VV^SuIT, n. A suit in law for the recovery of a supimsed 
right ; a process in law instituted by a party to compel 
another to do him justice. 

LAW'YER, n. [that is, lawer, contracted from law-wer, 
law-man.] One versed in the laws, or a practitioner of 
law ; one whose profession is to institute suits in courts 
of law, and to prosecute or defend the cause of clients. 

LAW'YER-LTKE, a. Like a real lawyer. 

LAWWER-LY, a. Judicial. Milton. 

LAX, a. [L. Zazu5.] 1. Loose ; flabby; soft; not tense, 
firm or rigid. 2. Slack ; not tight or tense. 3. Not firm- 
ly united ; of loose texture. 4. Not rigidly exact. 5. Not 
strict. 6.* Loose in the bowels ; having too frequent dis- 
charges. 

LAX, w. L A looseness ; diarrhea. 2. [Sax. Z<cz.] A spe- 
cies of fish or salmon ; [not in wse.] 

LAX-A'TION, n. [L. laxatio.] The act of loosening ; or the 
state of being loose or slackened. 

LAX'A-TiVE, a. [Fr. laxaUf.] Having the power or quali- 
ty of loosening or opening the bowels, and relieving from 
constipation. 

LAX'A-TIVE, n. A medicine that relaxes the bowels and 
relieves from costiveness ; a gentle purgative. 

LAX'A-TiVE-NESS, n. The quality of relaxing. 

LAX'I-TY, n. [L. laxitas.] 1. Looseness ; slackness. 2. 
Looseness of texture. 3. Want of exactness or precision. 
4. Looseness ; defect of exactness. 5. Looseness, as of 
the bowels. 6. Openness ; not closeness. . 

LAX'LY, adv. Loosely ; without exactness. Rees. 

LAX'NESS, 71. 1. Looseness; softness; flabbiness. 2. Lax- 
ity. 3. Looseness. 4. Slackness, as of a cord. 

LAY, pret. of lie. 

LAY, V. t. ; pret. and pp. laid. [Sax. leegan, legan ; D. leg- 
gen.] 1. Literally, to throw down ; hence, to put or place. 

2. To beat down ; to prostrate. 3. To settle ; to fix and 
keep from rising. 4. To place in order ; to dispose with 
regularity in building. 5. To spread on a surface. 6. To 
spread or set. 7. To calm ; to appease ; to still ; to allay. 
8. To quiet ; to still ; to restrain from walking. 9. To 
spread and set in order ; to prepare. 10. To place in the 
earth for growth. 11. To place at hazard ; to wage; to 
stake. 12. To bring forth; to exclude. 13. To add ; to 
join. 14. To put ; to apply. 15. To assess; to charge; 
to impose. 16. To charge; 'to impute. 17. To impose, 
as evil, burden, or punishment. 18. To enjoin as a duty. 
19. To exhibit ; to present or offer. 20. To prostrate ; to 
slay. 21. To depress and lose sight of, by sailing or de- 
parting from. 22. To station ; to set. 23. To contrive ; 
to scheme ; to plan. 

To lay a cable, to twist or unite the strands. — To lay apart, 
to put away ; to reject. — To lay aside. 1. To put off or 
away; not to retain. 2. To discontinue. — To lay away, 
to reposit in store ; to put aside for preservation. — To lay 
before, to exhibit ; to show ; to present to view. — To lay 
by. 1. To reserve for future use. 2. To put away ; to 
dismiss. 3. To put off. — To lay down. 1. To deposit, as a 
pledge, equivalent or satisfaction ; to resign. 2. To give 
up ; to resign ; to quit or relinquish. 3. To quit ; to sur- 
render the use of. 4. To offer or advance. — To lay one^s 
self down, to commit to repose. — To lay hold of, to seize ; 
to catch. To lay hold on, is used in a like sense. — To lay 
in, to store ; to treasure; to provide jireviously. — To lay 
on, to apply with force ; to inflict. — To lay open, to open ; 
to make bare ; to uncover ; also, to show ; to expose ; to 
reveal. — To lay over, to spread over ; to incrust ; to cover 
the surface. — To lay out. 1. To expend ; as, to lay out 
money, or sums of money. 2. To display ; to discover. 

3. To plan ; to dispose in order the several parts. 4. To 


* See Synopsis. A, E, t, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— | Obsolete. 


LEA 


489 


LEA 


dress in grave clothes, and place in a decent posture. 5. 
To exert.— 7’o lay to. 1. To charge upon ; to impute. 2. 
To apply with vigor. 3. To attack or harass ; 4. 

To check the motion of a ship, and cause her to be sta- 
tionary. — To lay together^ to collect ; ta bring to one place j 
also, to bring into one view. — To lay to hearty to permit to 
affect greatly. — To lay u/uZer, to subject to. — To layup. 

1. To store ; to treasure ; to reposit for future use. 2. I’o 
confine to the bed or chamber. — To lay dcge, to besiege ; 
to encompass with an army. — To lay wait, to station for 
private attack ; to lay in ambush for. — To lay the coarse, 
in sailing, is to sail towards the port intended, without 
gibing. — To lay waste, to destroy ; to desolate ; to deprive 
of inhabitants, improvements and productions. — To lay 
the land, in seamen’s language, is to cause the land ap- 
parently to sink or appear lower by sailing from it j the 
distance diminishing tife elevation. 

LAV, V. i. 1. To bring or produce eggs. 2. To contrive ; 
to form a scheme ; [w/titsMaZ.] — To lay about, to strike or 
throw the arms on all sides j to act with vigor. — To lay at, 
to strike, or to endeavor to strike. — To lay in for, to make 
overtures for ; to engage or secure the possession of. — To 
lay on. 1. To strike j to beat j to deal blows incessantly 
and with vehemence. 2. To act with vehemence ; used 
of expenses. Shah . — To lay out. 1. To purpose ; to intend. 

2. To take measures. — To lay upon, to importune ; [eZ>s.] 

LAY, n. 1. That which lies or is laid ; a row j a stratum ; 

a layer ; one rank in a series reckoned upward. 2. A 
bet j a wager ; [little used.] 3. Station ; rank ; [oZ/5.] 

LAY, n. [Sax. leag, leak, lege.] A meadow ; a plain or 
plat of grass land. 

LAY, n. [Sax. legh, or ley.] A song j as a loud or soft lay. 
Milton. 

LAY, a. [Fr. lai ; L. laicus.] Pertaining to the laity or peo- 
ple, as distinct from the clergy ; not clerical. 

LAY-€LERK', n. A vocal officiate in a cathedral. 

LaY'ER, (la'er) n. 1. A stratum; a bed; a body spread 
over another. 2. A shoot or twig of a plant, not detached 
from the stock, laid under ground for growth or propaga- 
tion. 3. A hen that lays eggs. 

LaY'ER out, n. One who expends money ; a steward. 

LaY'ER up, n. One who reposits for future use ; a treas- 
urer. 

LaY'ING, ppr. Putting ; placing ; applying ; imputing ; 
wagering. 

LaY'LAA’D, n. Land lying untilled ; fallow ground. 

LaY'MAN, n. 1. A man who is not a clergyman ; one of 
the laity or people, distinct from the clergy. 2. An image 
used by painters in contriving attitudes. 3. A lay-clerk. 

LaY'STALL, 71. [lay and stall.] A heap of dung, ora place 
where dung is laid. ..ish. 

La'ZAR, n. [from Lazarus ; Sp. lazaro.] A person infected 
with nauseous and pestilential disease. Dryden. 

LAZ-A-RET', I n. [It. la zzeretto ,* Fr. lazaret.] A public 

LAZ-A-RET'TO, ) building, hospital or pest-house for the 
reception of diseased persons, particularly for those affect- 
ed with contagious distempers. 

La'ZAR-HOUSE, 71. A lazaretto ; also, a hospital for quar- 
antine. 

LA'ZAR-LY^^’ I sores; leprous. Bp. Hall. 

La'ZAR-WoRT, or La'SER-WoRT, n. Laserpitium, a 
genus of plants of several species. 

LAZE, V. i. To live in idleness. [ Vulgar.] 

LAZE, V. t. To waste in sloth. [ Vulgar.] 

La'ZI-LY, adv. In a heavy, sluggish manner; sluggishly. 

La'ZI-NESS, n. The state or quality of being lazy ; indis- 
position to action or exertion ; indolence ; sluggishness ; 
heaviness in motion ; habitual sloth. — Laziness differs 
from idleness ; tlie latter being a mere defect or cessation 
of action, but laziness is sloth, with natural or habitual 
disinclination to action. 2. Slowness ; tardiness. 

La'ZING, a. Spending time in sluggish inaction. 

LAZ'U-LI. Lapis lazuli is a mineral of a fine, azure-blue 
color, usually ainorphous. Cleaveland. 

LAZ'U-LITE, n. A mineral of a light, indigo-blue color. 

La'ZY, a. [G. lass, Idssig.] 1. Disinclined to action or exer- 
tion ; naturally or habitually slothful ; sluggish ; indolent ; 
averse to labor ; heavy in motion. 2. Slow ; moving 
slowly or apparently with labor. 

LD, stands for lord. 

LkA, or LeY, (le) n. A meadow or plain. 

LeACII, V. t. [Sw. laka.] To wash, as ashes, by percola- 
tion, or causing water to pass through them, and thus 
separate from them the alkali. 

LeACH, 71. A quantity of wood-ashes, through which wa- 
ter passes, and thus imbibes the alkali. 

LeACH'TUB, n. A wooden vessel or tub in which ashes 
are leached. It is sometimes written letch-tub. 

LEAD, (led) n. [Sax. Iwd.] 1. A metal of a dull white color, 
with a cast of blue. 2. A plummet or mass of lead, used 
in sounding at sea. — 3. Leads, a flat roof covered with 
lead. — White lead, the oxyd of lead, ground with one 
third part of chalk. 


LEAD, (led) v. t. To cover with lead ; to fit with lead. 

Lead, V. t. j pret. and pp. led. [fc^ax. Icedan ; G. leiten ; D. 
leiden.] 1. I'o guide by the hand. 2. To guide or con- 
duct by showing the way ; to direct. 3. 'lo conduct to 
any place. 4. To conduct, as a chief or commander, im- 
plying authority ; to direct and govern. 5. To precede ; 
to introduce by going first, b. '1 o guide ; to show the 
method of attaining an object. 7. To draw ; to entice; 
to allure. 8. To induce ; to prevail on ; to influence.- i). 
To pass ; to spend, that is, to draw out.— 7 o lead astray, 
to guide in a wrong way or into error ; to seduce from 
^ruth or rectitude. — To lead captive, to carry into captivity. 

LeA D, V. i. 1. To go before and show' the w'ay. 2. 'i o con- 
duct, as a chief or commander. 3. To draw ; to have a 
tendency to. 4. To exercise dominion. — 7'o lead ojf or 
out, to go first, to begin. 

Lead, 77. Precedence ; a going before ; guidance. 

LEAD'EN, (ledhi) a. 1. Made of lead. 2. Heavy; indis- 
posed to action. 3. Heavy ; dull. 

LEAD'EN-HEART'ED, a. Stupid ; destitute of feeling. 

LEAD'EN-HEELED, a. Moving slowly. Ford. 

LEAD'EN-STEP'PING, a. Moving slowly. Milton. 

LeAD'ER, 77. ]. One that leads or conducts; a guide; a 
conductor. 2. A chief; a commander; a captain. 3. 
One who goes first. 4. Tlie chief of a party or faction. 
5. A performer who leads a band or choir in music. 

LEAD'iNG,27/'r. 1. Guiding ; conducting ; preceding ; draw- 
ing ; alluring; passing life. 2. a. Chief ; principal; cap- 
ital ; most influential. 3. Showing the way by going 
first. 

LeADTNG, 71. Guidance ; the act of conducting ; direc- 
tion. 

LeADTNG-STRING.?, 77. Strings by which children are. 
supported when beginning to walk. Dryden . — To be in 
leading strings, to be in a state of infancy or dependence, 
o^in pupilage under the guidance of others. 

t LeAD'MAN, 77. One w'ho begins or leads a dance. 

LEAD'WoRT, (led'wuit) n. Plumbago, a genus of plants. 

LEAD'Y, (led'dy) a. Of the color of lead. 

Leaf, 77. ,* plu. Leaves. [Sax. leafe.] 1. In botany, leaves 
are organs of perspiration and inhalation in plants. 2. 
The thin, extended part of a flower ; a petal. 3. A part of a 
book containing two pages. 4. The side of a double door. 
5. Something resembling a leaf in thinness and extension ; 
a very thin plate. 6. The movable side of a table. 

Leaf, V. i. To shoot out leaves ; to produce leaves. 

LeAF'AGE, 77. Abundance of leaves. 

Leafed, pp. Having leaves. 

LeAF'LESS, fl. Destitute of leaves. Pope. 

LeAF'LET, 77. 1. A little leaf. — 2. In botany, one of the 
divisions of a compqund leaf ; a foliole. 

LeAF'-STALK, 77. The petiole or stalk which supports a 
leaf. Martyn. 

LeAF'Y, a. Full of leaves ; as, the leafy forest. Dryden. 

League, (leeg) 77. [Fr. ligue ; It. lego.] 1. An alliance or 
confederacy between princes or states for their mutual 
aid or defense ; a national contract or compact. 2. A 
combination or union of two or more parties for the pur- 
pose of maintaining friendship and promoting their mutual 
iiiterest, or for executing any design in concert. 

League, (leeg) v. i. l. To unite, as princes or states in a 
contract of amity for mutual aid or defense ; to confed- 
erate. 2. To unite or confederate, as private persons for 
mutual aid. 

League, (leeg) n. [Sp. legua ; It. lega ,• Fr. lieue.] 1. Orig- 
inally, a stone erected on the public roads, at certain dis- 
tances, in the manner of the modern mile-stones. 2. I he 
distance between two stones. With the English and 
Americans, a league is the length of three miles. 

Leagued, pp. Lmited in mutual compact ; confederated. 

LeAGIJ/ER, (lee'ger) n. One who unites in a league ; a 
confederate. 

LeAGU'ER, 77. [D. beleggeren.] Siege; investment of a 
town or fort by an army . [Little t7.sed.] Shah. 

Leak, 77. [D. lek ; G. leek.] 1. A crack, crevice, fissure or 
hole in a vessel, that admits w’ater. or permits a fluid to 
escape. 2. The oozing or passing of water or other fluid 
or liquor through a crack, fissure or aperture. — To spring 
a leak, is to open or crack so as to let in water ; to begiii 
' to let in water. 

fLEAK, a. Leaky. Spenser. 

LEAK, V. i. To let water or other liquor into or out of a 
vessel, through a hole or crevice in the vessel. — 'To leak 
out, to find vent ; to escape privately. 

LeAK'AGE, 77. 1. A leaking ; or the quantity of a liquor 
that enters or issues by leaking. 2. An allow'ance, in 
commerce, of a certain rate per cent, for the leaking of 
casks. 

LeAK'Y, a. 1. That admits water or other liquor to pass in 
or out. 2. Apt to disclose secrets ; tattling ; not close. 

LeAM'ER, 77. A dog ; a kind of hound. 

Lean, V. i. [Fax. hlinian, hleonian.] 1. To deviate or move 
from a straight or perpendicular line ; or to be in a po- 
sition thus deviating. 2. To incline or propend ; to tend 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BULL, UNITE. — C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


LEA 


490 


LEG 


toward. 3. To bend or incline so as to rest on some- 
lliiug. 4. To bend ; to be in a bending posture. 

Lean, V. t. 1. To incline; to cause to lean. Sfiak. 2. [Ice. 
Uuia.] To conceal ; [o6*'.J Ray. 

Lean, a. [Sax. Icene, or lilceiie.] 1. Wanting flesh ; meager ; 
not fat. 2. Not rich ; destitute of good qualities ; bare ; 
barren. 3. Low; poor; in opposition to rich or great-, 
^unnsuaL] 4. Barren of thought ; destitute of that which 
improves or entertains ; jejune. 

Lean, n. That part of flesh which consists of muscle with- 
out the fat. Farquhar. 

LeAN'LY, adv. Meagerly ; without fat or plumpness. 

LeAN'NESS, n. 1. Destitution of fat ; want of flesh ; thin- 
ness of body; meagerness. 2. Want of matter ; poverty; 
emptiness. — 3. In Scripture, want of grace and spiritual 
comfort. 

LeAN'TO, n. The part of a building which appears to lean 
upon another. Pick. Vocab. 

■fLEAN'Y, a. Alert; brisk; active. Spenser. 

* Leap, v. i. [Sax. hleapan.] 1. To spring or rise from the 
ground with both feet, as man, or with all the feet, as other 
animals; to jump; to vault. 2. To spring or move 
suddenly. 3. To rush with violence. 4. To spring ; to 
bound ; to skip. 5. To fly ; to start. 

* Leap, v.t. 1. To pass over by leaping ; to spring or bound 
from one side to the other. 2. To compress. 

* Leap, n. 1. A jump ; a spring; a bound ; act of leaping. 
2. Space passed by leaping. 3. A sudden transition or 
passing.' Sic if t. 4. The space that may be passed at a 
bound. 5. Embrace of animals. 6. Hazard, or elfect of 
Reaping. 7. A basket; a weel for fish ; [obs.] 

LeAP'ER, n. One that leaps. A horse is called a good 
leaper. 

LeAP'-FROG, 71. A play of children, in which they imi- 
tate the leap of frogs. Shak. 

LeAPHNG, ppr. Jumping ; springing ; bounding ; skip- 
ping. 

LeAPTNG-LY, adv. By leaps. Huloet. 

LeAP'YeAR, 71. Bissextile, a year containing 366 days; 
every fourth year, which leaps over a day more than a 
common year. 

LEARN, (lern) v. t. [Sax. leornian G. lernen ; D. leeren.] 

1. To gain knowledge of ; to acquire knowledge or ideas 
of something before unknown. 2. To acquire skill in any 
thing ; to gain by practice a faculty of performing. 3. I’o 
teach ; to communicate the knowledge of something be- 
fore unknown ; [improper.] Shak. 

LEARN, (lern) v. i. 1. To gain or receive knowledge ; to 
receive instruction ; to take pattern ; with of. 2. To 
receive information or intelligence. 

LEARN'ED, (lernd) )pp. Obtained as knowledge or infor- 

LEARNT, (lernt) | mation. 

LEARN'ED, (lern'ed) a. 1. Versed in literature and science. 

2. Skillful ; well acquainted with arts ; knowing ; with 
in. 3. Containing learning. 4. Versed in scholastic, as 
distinct from other knowledge. — The learned, learned 
men ; men of erudition ; literati. 

LEARN'ED-LY, (lern'ed-ly) adv. With learning or eru- 
dition; with skill. Swift. 

LEARN'ED-NESS, n. State of being learned. Mp. Laud. 

LEARN'ER, (lern'er) n. A person who is gaining knowl- 
edge from instruction, from reading or study, or by other 
means ; one who is in the rudiments of any science or 
art. “ 

LEARNING, (lern'ing) ppr. Gaining knowledge by in- 
struction or reading, by study, by experience or observa- 
tion ; acquiring skill by practice. 

LEAllN'ING, (lern'ing) n. 1. The knowledge of principles 
or facts received by instruction or study ; acquired knowl- 
edge or ideas in any branch of science or literature ; eru- 
dition ; literature ; science. 2. Knowledge acquired by 
experience, experiment or observation. 3. Skill in any 
thing good or bad. 

LeAS'A-BLE, a. That may be leased. Sherwood. 

Lease, n. [Fr. laisser.] 1. A demise or letting of lands, 
tenements or hereditaments to another for life, for a term 
of years, or at will, for a rent or compensation reserved ; 
also, tire contract for such letting. 2. Any tenure by 
grant or permission. 

Lease, v. t. [Fr. laisser.] To let ; to demise ; to grant the 
temporary possession of lands, tenements or hereditaments 
tq_another for a rent reserved. 

I Lease, (leez) v.i. [Sax. lesan.] To glean; to gather 
what harvest men have left. Dryden. 

Leased, _/ 7/). Demised or let, as lands or tenements. 

Lease' Hold, a. Held by lease. Swift. 

LeAS'ER, n. A gleaner ; a gatherer after reapers. 

♦LeASH, n. [Fr. laisse, lessc.] 1. A thong of leather, or 
long line by vyhich a falconer holds his hawk, or a cours- 
er his dog. — 2. Among sportsmen, a brace and a half; 
tierce ; three ; three creatures of any kind, especially 
grayhounds, foxes, bucks and hares. 3. A band where- 
with to tie any thing. Boyle. 

LeASH, V. t. To bind ; to hold by a string. Shak. 


f LeAS'ING, 71. [Sax. leasunge.] Falsehood ; lies. 

ILeAS^OW, 71. [Sax. Iwsice.] A pasture. Wickiiffe. 

Least, a. [superl. of Sax. Iws, less, contracted f orn Icesest, ' 
It cannot be regularly formed from iittie.] Sinallest , little 
beyond others, either in size or degree . — Least is often 
used without the noun to wliich it refers. 

Least, adv. l. in the smallest or lowest degree ; in a de- 
gree below all others . — At least, or at the least. 1. 'J'o say 
no more ; not to demand or affirm more than is barely suf- 
ficient ; at the lowest degree. 2. To say no more. — The 
least, in the smallest degree . — At leastwise, in the sense 
of at least, is obsolete. 

LeAS'Y, a. Thin ; flimsy. It is usually pronounced slea^ 
zy. Ascham. 

LeAT, 71. [Sax. la:t.] A trench to conduct water to or from 
a mill. 

LEATH'ER, I 71. [Sax. lether ,* G., D. leder. The latter or- 

LETH'ER, I thography is more accordant with etymol- 
ogy.] 1. The skin of an animal dressed and prepared for 
use. 2. Dressed hides in general. 3. Skin ; in an iron- 
ical sense. 

LEATH'ER, a. Leathern; consisting of leather. 

LEATH'ER, v.t. To beat; to lash, as with a thong of 
leather; a low viord 

LEATH'ER, or LETH'ER, v. i. [Sax. hleothrian.] To pro- 
ceed with noise or violence ; to push forward eagerly ; a 
low expression. 

LEATH'ER-€oAT, n. An apple with a tough rind. 

LEATH'ER-DRESS-ER, n. One who dresses leather ; one 
who prepares hides for use. Pope. 

LEATH'ER-JA€K-ET, n. A fish of the Pacific ocean. 

LEATH'ER-MOUTHED, a. “ By leather -mouthed fish, I 
mean such as have their teeth in their throat, as the 
chub.” Walton. 

LEATH'ERN, a. Made of leather ; consisting of leather. 

LEATH'ER-SELL-ER, n. A seller or dealer in leather. 

LEATH'ER- WINGED, a. Having wings like leather. 
Spenser. 

LEATH'ER-Y, a. Resembling leather ; tough. Grew. 

Leave, n. [Sax. leaf, lefe.] 1. Permission; allowance; 
license ; liberty granted by which restraint or illegality is 
removed. 2. P'arewell ; adieu ; ceremony of departure ; 
a formal parting of friends ; used chiefly in the phrase to 
Uike leave. 

Leave, v. t. : pret. and pp. left. [Sax. lafan.] 1. To 
withdraw or depart from ; to quit for a longer or shorter 
time indefinitely, or for perpetuity. 2. To forsake ; to 
desert ; to abandon ; to relinquish. 3. To suffer to re- 
main ; not to take or remove. 4. To have remaining at 
death. 5. To commit or trust to, as a deposit ; or to suffer 
to remain. 6. To bequeath ; to give by will. 7. To per- 
mit without interposition. 8. To cease to do; to desist 
from ; to forbear. 9. To refer ; to commit for decision. — 
To be left to one^s self, to be deserted or forsaken ; to be 
permitted to follow one’s own opinions or desires. — To 
leave off. 1. To desist from; to forbear. 2. To cease 
wearing. 3. To forsake. — To leave out, to omit. 

Leave, v. i. To cease ; to desist. — 7'o leave off, to cease ; 
to_desist ; to stop. 

t Leave, v. t. [Fr. lever.] To raise. Spenser. 

Leaved, a. [from leaf ; but leafed would be preferable.] 

1. Furnished with foliage or leaves. 2. Having a leaf, or 
made with leaves or folds. 

LEAV'EN, (lev'll) n. [Fr. levain.] 1. A mass of sour 
dough, which, mixed with a larger quantity of dough or 
paste, produces fermentation in it, and renders it light. 

2. Any thing which makes a general change in the mass. 

LEAV'EN, (lev'n) v. t. 1. To excite fermentation in ; to 

raise and make light, as dough. 2 To taint ; to imbue. 
Prior. 

LEAV'ENED, (lev'vnd) pp.. Raised and made light by fer- 
mentation. 

LEAV'EN-ING, (lev'vn-ing) ppr. Making light by fermen- 
tation. 

LEAV'EN-ING, (lev'vn-ing) n. That which leavens. 

LEAV'EN-OUS, (lev'vn-us) a. Containing leaven ; tainted. 

LeAV'ER, n. One who leaves ; one who forsakes. 

Leaves, n. pin. of leaf. 

LeAV'I-NESS, 71. State of being full of leaves. 

LeAV'ING, ppr. Quitting ; withdrawing from ; relinquish, 
ing ; suffering to remain ; ceasing ; desisting from. 

LeAV'INGS, 71 . pin. 1. Things left; remnant; relics. 2. 
Refuse ; offal. Swift. 

LeAV'Y, a. Full of leaves ; covered with leaves. [An 
improper word ; it ought to be leafy.] Shak. 

t LECH, for lick. See Lick. 

LECH'ER, 71 . [It. lecco ; G. lecken.] A man given to lewd- 
ness. 

LECH'ER, V. i. To practice lewdness ; to indulge lust. 

LECH'ER-OUS, a. 1. Addicted to lewdness; prone to in- 
dulge lust ; lustful ; lewd. 2. Provoking lust. 

LECH'ER-OUS-LY, adv. Lustfully ; lewdly. 

LECH'ER-OUS-NESS, n. Lust, or strong propensity to in- 
dulge the sexual appetite. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PR£Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD j Obsolete. 


LEE 


491 


LEG 


LECH'ER-Y, n. Lewdness ; free indulgence of lust j prac- 
tice of indulging the animal appetite. S/ialc. 

LE€'TI©N, 71. [L. lectio.] 1. A reading. 2. A difference 
or variety in copies of a manuscript or book. 3. A lesson 
or portion of Scripture read in divine service. 

LE€'TION-A-RY, n. The Romish service-book, containing 
portions of Scripture. 

LE€T'UKE, n. [Fr. lecture ; L. lectura.] 1. A discourse 
read or pronounced on any subject ; usually^ a formal or 
methodical discourse, intended for instruction. 2. A 
reading ; the act or practice of reading ; [little used.] 3. 
A magisterial reprimand j a formal reproof. 4. A recita- 
tion ; rehearsal of a lessorr. 

LEGT'URE, V. i. 1. To read or deliver a formal discourse. 
2. To practice reading lectures for instruction. 

LECT'URE, V. t. 1. To instruct by discourses. 2. To in- 
struct dogmatically or authoritatively to reprove. 

LE€T'UR-ER, n. 1. One who reads or pronounces lec- 
tures 5 a professor or an instructor who delivers formal 
discourses for the instruction of others. 2. A preacher in 
a church, hired by the parish to assist the rector, vicar 
or curate. 

LECT'URE-SHIP, n. The office of a lecturer. 

LE€T'UR-ING, ppr. Reading or delivering a discourse j 
reproving. 

I LEGT'URN, n. A reading desk. Cha^icer. 

LED, pret. and pp. of lead. 

LED'-CAP-TAIN, n. [led and captain.] A humble attend- 
ant ; a favorite that follows as if led by a string. 

LED'-HORSE, n. A sumpter horse. 

•f LED'EN, n. [Sax. hjdeii.] Language ; true meaning. 

LEDGE, 71. [Sax. leger.] 1. A stratum, layer or row. 2. 
A ridge j a prominent row. 3. A prominent part ; a reg- 
ular part rising or projecting beyond the rest. 4. A small 
molding. 5. A small piece of timber placed athwart 
ships, under the deck between the beams. 6. A long 
ridge of rocks near the surface of the sea. 

LEDG'ER, 71. The principal book of accounts among mer- 
chants ; the book into which the accounts of the journal 
are carried in a summary form. 

LEE, 71. ; plu. Lees. [Fr. lie.] Dregs ; sediment. See Lees. 

LEE, n. [Sw. la ; Dan. 1<b.] Literally^ a calm or sheltered 

place, a place defended from the wind ; hence, that part 
of the hemisphere towards which the wind blows, as op- 
posed to that from which it proceeds. — U7ider the lee 
denotes, prope7'ly, in the part defended from the wind. — 
Under the lee of the land is, properly, near the shore which 
breaks the force of the wind. — U7ider the lee of a ship, on 
the side opposite to that on which the wind blows. 

•f LEE, V. i. To lie. [See Lie.] Chmtcer. 

LEE'-BoARD, n. A frame of plank affixed to the side of a 
flat-bottomed vessel, to prevent it from falling to leeward 
when close-hauled. 

LEE'-GAGE, 71. A greater distance from the point whence 
the wind blows, than another vessel has. 

LEE'-LURCH, 71. A sudden and violent roll of a ship to 
leeward in a high sea. 

LEE'-SHORE, ??. The shore under the lee of a ship, or that 
towards which the wind blows. 

LEE'-SIDE, n. The side of a ship or boat farthest from the 
point whence the wind blows ; opposed to the 7oeather-side. 

LEE'-TIDE, 71. A tide running in the same direction that 
the wind blovvs. A tide under the lee is a stream in an 
opposite direction to the wind. 

LEE'WARD, a. Pertaining to the part towards which the 
wind blows ; as, a leeward ship. 

LEE'WARD, adv. Towards the lee, or that part towards 
which the wind blows ; opposed to whidward. 

LEE' WAY, n. The lateral movement of a ship to the lee- 
ward of her course, or the angle which the line of her 
way makes with her keel, when she is close-hauled. 

LEECH, 71. [Goth, leikeis ; Sax. Iwc.] 1. A physician ; a 
professor of the art of healing j as, cow-leech. Spenser. 
[This word in the UTiited States is nearly obsolete ; even 
cow-leech is not used.] 2. [Sax. Iceccan.] A blood- 
sucker; a species of aquatic worm. — 3. In seamen^s la7i- 
gnawe, the border or edge of a sail, which is sloping or 
perpendicular ; as, the fore-leech. 

t LEECH'-CRAFT, n. The art of healing. Da7nes. 

LEECH'-LINE, 71. Leech-lines are ropes fastened to the 
middle of the leeches of the main-sail and fore-sail. 

LEECH'-ROPE, 71. That part of the bolt-rope to which the 
skirt or border of a sail is sewed. Mar. Diet. 

t LEEF, a. Kind; fond; pleasing; willing. Lief. 

LEEK, 71. [Sax. leac.] A plant with a bulbous root. 

LEE'LITE, 71. A mineral, so called from Dr. Lee. 

LEER, 75. i. [D. gluuren,hegluurcn.] 1. To look obliquely; 
to turn the eye and cast a look from a corner, either in 
contempt, defiance or frowning, or for a sly look. 2. To 
look with a forced countenance. 

LEER, V. t. To allure with smiles. Dryde7i. 

LEER, 71. [Sax. /iZcare, /iZeor, the cheek.] 1. The cheek; 
[o/7s.] 2. Complexion ; hue ; face, [ofts.] 3. An oblique 

view. 4. An affected cast of countenance. 


f LEER, a. [Sax. gelwr.] Empty ; trifling ; frivolous. 

LEER'ING, ppr. Looking obliquely ; casting a look as- 
kance. 

LEER'ING-LY, adv.^ With an arch, oblique look or smile. 

LEES, 7J. [Fr. lie.] The grosser parts of any liquor which 
have settled on the bottom of a vessel ; dregs ; sediment. 

f LEESE, V. t. To lose. [See Lose.] B. Jonson. 

f LEESE, V. t. [L. lcBS7LS.] To hurt. Wickliffe. 

LEET, a. -The word in the 7iorth of England for light. 

LEET, n. In Great B7-itain, a court. The court-leet is a 

court of record, held once a year, within a particular hun- 
dred, lordship or manor, before the steward of the leet. 

LEET'- ALE, n. A feast or merry-making in the time of 
leet. 

LEFT, pret. and pp. of leaiw. 

LEFT, a. [L. lavTis.] 1. Denoting the part opposed to the 
right of the body. 2. The left bank of a river is that 
which is on the left hand of a person whose face is to- 
wards the mouth of the river. 

LEFT-HAND'ED, a. 1. Having the left hand or arm more 
strong and dextrous than the right ; using the left hand 
and arm with more dexterity than the right. 2. Un- 
lucky ; inauspicious ; unseasonable ; [oZ>^.] 

LEFT-HAND'ED-:NESS, n. Habitual use of the left hand, 
or rather the ability to use the left hand with more ease 
and strength than the right. 

LEFT-HAND'I-NESS, 71. Awkwardness. Chesterfield. 

LEG, 71 . [Dan. Iceg.] 1. The limb of an animal, used in 
supporting the body, and in walking and running ; prop- 
erly, that part of the limb from the knee to the foot, but 
in a more general sense, the whole limb, including the 
thigh, the leg and the foot. 2. The long or slender sup- 
port of any thing. — I'o 7nake a leg, to bow ; [L u.] — To 
sta7id on one^s own legs, to support one’s self ; to trust to 
one’s own strength or eftbrts without aid. 

LEG'A-CY, n. [Sp. legado.] A bequest; a particular thing, 
or certain sum of money given by last will or testament. 

LEG'A-CY-HUNT'ER, n. One who flatters and courts for 
legacies. 

Le'GAL, a. [Fr. ; L. legalis.] 1. According to law ; in 
conformity with law. 2. Lawful ; permitted by law. 3. 
According to the law of works, as distinguished from free 
grace ; or resting on works for salvation. 4. Pertaining 
to law ; created by law. 

LE-GAL'I-TY, 71. I. Lawfulness; conformity to law. — 2. 
In theology, a reliance on works for salvation. Scott. 

Le'GAL-iZE, v.t. 1. To make lawful ; to render conform- 
able to law ; to authorize. 2. To sanction ; to give the 
authority of law to that which is done without law or 
authority. 

Le'GAL-LY, adv. Lawfully ; according to law ; in a man- 
ner permitted by law. 

LEG'A-TA-RY, n. [Fr. legatairc ; L. legatarius.] A leg- 
atee ; one to whom a legacy is bequeathed. 

LEG'ATE, 77. [Fr. legat ; L. legatus.] The pope’s embas- 
sador to a foreign prince or state ; a cardinal or bishop 
sent as the pope’s representative or commissioner to a 
sovereign prince. 

LEG-A-TEE', n. [L. lego.] One to whom a legacy is be- 
queathed. Swift. 

LEG'ATE-SHIP, n. The office of a legate. 

LEG'A-TINE, a. 1. Pertaining to a legate. 2. Made by 
or proceeding from a legate. Ji7jUffe. 

LE-Ga'TION, 77. [L. legatio.] An embassy ; a deputation ; 
properly, a sending, but generally, the person or persons 
sent as envoys or embassadors. 

* LE-Ga'TOR, 77. [L.] A testator; one who bequeaths a 
legacy. [Little used.] D7'yden. 

t LEGE, V. t. To alledge ; to lighten. Chaucer. 

* IjEG'END, or Le'GEND, n. [It. Ieggc7ida ; h. legenda.] 

1. A chronicle or register of the lives of saints, formerly 
read at matins, and at the refectories of religious houses. 

2. An idle or ridiculous story told respecting saints. 3. 
Any memorial or relation. 4. An incredible, unauthentic 
narrative. 5. An inscription, particularly on medals and 
on coins. Jiddiso7i. 

LEG'END, v.t. To tell or narrate, as a legend. HoU. 

* LEG'EN-DA-RY, a. Consisting of legends ; fabulous ; 
strange. 

* LEG'EN-DA-RY, 77. A book of legends ; a relater of leg- 
ends. Sheldo7i. 

LEG'ER, 71. [D. leggen ; Sax. lecgan.] Any thing that lies 
in a place ; that which rests or remains ; sometimes used 
as a 7707777, but more frequently as an adjective ; as, a leger 
embassador, that is, resident ; but the word is now obso- 
lete, except in particular phrases. — A leger-line, in 7nusic, 
a line added to the staff of five lines, when more lines 
than five are wanted, for designating notes ascending or 
descending. — A leger-hook, or leger, a book that lies in 
the counting house, the book into which merchants carry 
a summary of the accounts of the journal ; usually writ- 
ten ledger. 

LEG-ER-DE-MaIN', 77. [Fr. leger. It. Icggiero, and Fr. 
de main.] Slight of hand ; a deceptive performance which 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


LEM 


492 


LEN 


depends on dexterity of hand ; a trick performed witli 
suc]i art and adroitness, tlnU the manner or art eludes 
observation. 'Ihe word is soinetiines used adjecticely j 
as, a Legerdemain trick. 

t LE-CJEU'l-TY, n. [Fr. legerete.] Lightness ; niinbleness. 

LEvjrGE, V. t. [iSax. lecgan.'\ To lay. fVickliffe. 

LEG'iJEl), a. [from Ze»-.J Having legs; used in composi- 
tion ; as, a two-legged animal. 

LEG 'GIN, n. A cover for the leg ; a garment that incloses 
the leg. Mackenzie. 

LEG-1-ElL'l-TY, n. Legibleness; the quality or state of 
being legible. 

LEG'1-BLE, a. [L. legibilis.'] 1. That maybe read; con- 
sisting of letters or figures that may be distinguished by 
the eye. 2. 'J'hat may be discovered or understood by 
apparent marks or indications. 

LEG'i-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being legible. 

LEG'I-BLY, adc. In such a manner as may be read. 

Le'GION, 7?. [L. legio.'] 1. In Roman antiijuity, a body of 
infantry consisting of different numbers of men at differ- 
ent periods, from three to five thousand. 2. A military 
force ; military bands. 3. A great number. 

Le GlON-A-llY, a. \. Relating to a legion or to legions. 2. 

I Consisting of a legion or of legions. 3. Containing a great 
number. 

Le'GiON-A-RY, n. One of a legion. Milton. 

LEG'IS-LA7’E, V. i. [L. lex, l^gi^i ttnd /era, latuin.] To 
make or enact a law or laws. 

IjEG-1S-La'TION, n. [Fr.] The act of passing a law or 
laws 5 the enacting of laws. Littleton. 

* LEG'IS-La-TiVE, a. [Fr. leghilatif.] 1. Giving or en- 
acting laws. 2. Capable of enacting laws. 3. Pertaining 
to the enacting of laws ; suitable to laws. 4. Done by 
enacting; as, a legislative act. [JVbfc. In this word, and 
in legislator., legislatrixy legislature, the accent is nearly 
equal on the first and third syllables, and a, in the third, 
has its long sound.] 

* LE6-IS-La'TOR, or LE6 'IS-La-TOR, n. [L.] A law- 
giver ; one wha makes laws for a state or community. 
This word is limited in its use to a supreme lawgiver, the 
lawgiver of a sovereign state or kingdom, and is not ap- 
plied to men that make the by-laws of a subordinate cor- 
poration. 

t LEG-IS-L A 'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of a legislator. 

* LEG-IS-La'TRESS, I n. A female who makes laws. 

* LEG-[S-La'TRIX, i Tooke. 

* LEG'IS-LaT-URE, n. [Sp. leghslattira.] The body of 
men in a state or kingdom, invested with power to make 
and repeal laws ; the supreme power of a state. 

Le gist, n. One skilled in the laws. Marston. 

LE-GIT'I-MA-CY, n. 1. Lawfulness of birth. 2. Genuine- 
ness. 

LE-GIT'I-MATE, a. [Fr. legitime ; L. legitimus.] I. Law- 
fully begotten or born ; born in wedlock. 2. Genuine ; 
real ; proceeding from a pure source ; not false or spu- 
rious. 

LE-GIT'I-MATE, t. [Fr. legitimer.] 1. To make law- 
ful. 2. To render legitimate ; to communicate the rights 
of a legitimate child to one that is illegitimate ; to invest 
with the rights of a lawful heir. Jlyliffe. 

LE-GIT'I-MATE-LY, orfe. 1. Lawfully; according to law. 
2. Genuinely ; not falsely. Dryden. 

LE-GIT'I-MATE-NESS, n. Legality; lawfulness; gen- 
uineness. 

LE-G1T-I-Ma'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of rendering le- 
gitimate, or of investing an illegitimate child with the 
rights of one born in wedlock. 2. I^awful birth. Skak. 

LEG'UME, ) n. [L. legumen; Fr. legume.] 1. In botany, 

LE-Gti'MEN, \ a pericarp or seed-vessel, of two valves, 
in which the seeds are fixed to one suture only. — 2. In 
the plural, pulse, peas, beans, &c. 

LE-Gu'MI-NOUS, a. Pertaining to pulse ; consisting of 
pulse. 

* LEl.S'U-RA-BLE, a. Vacant of employment ; not occupied. 

* LEI.‘S'U-RA-BLY, adv. At leisure ; without hurry. 

* LEIS'URE, (lezh'ur, or lee zhur) n. [Fr. loisir.] 1. Free- 
dom from occupation or business ; vacant time ; time free 
from employment. 2. Convenience of time ; [o6s.] 
LEIJS'URE-LY, a. Done at leisure; not hasty ; deliber- 
ate ; slow. 

’f' liElS'URE-LY, adv. Not in haste or hurry ; slowly; at 
lejsnre ; deliberately. 

t Le'MAN, V. A sweetheart ; a gallant ; or a mistress. 

t LE.ME, ?/. leoma.] A ray of light. Chaucer. 

t LEME, vz i. To shine. 

LEM'MA, ??. [Gr. y^yppa.] In mathematics, n previous prop- 
osition [)roved, or a proposition demonstrated for the pur- 
pose of being used in the demonstration of some other 
I proposition. It is therefore a received truth. Day. 

LEM'MING, or Le'MING, ??. A species of animal belong- 
ing to the genus mus ; a kind of rat. 

LEIM'NIS-€ATE, n. [L. Zc?«7tisc7is\] A curve in the form 
of the figure 8. 

LEM'ON, 71 . [Fr., Sp. Zi?7n77i.] 1. The fruit of a tree be- 


longing to the genus citrus. — 2. Lemon or lemon-tree, the 
tree that produces lemons. 

LEM-ON-aDE', n. [Fr. limonade.] A liquor consisting of 
lemon juice mixed with water and sweetened. 

Le'AHJR, n. [L.] A genus of quadrupeds, the 7//«/d5. 
Le'MURE^, 71. [L.] Hobgoblins; evil spirits. [A'ot Eng- 

1 /i . ] 

LEND, V. t. ; jiret. and pp. lent. [Sax. lavaji.] 1. To grant 
to another for temporary use, on the express or implied 
condition that the tiling shall be returned. 2. 1o grant a 
thing to be used, on the condition that its equivalent in 
kind shall be returned. 3. I’o aft'ord ; to grant , to fur- 
nish, in general. 4. To grant for temporary use, on con- 
dition of receiving a compensation at certain peri<>ds for 
the use of the thing, and an ultimate return of the thing, 
or its full value. 5. To permit to use for another’s ben- 
efit. 6. To let for hire or compensation. Paley. 
LEND'A-BLE, a. That may be lent. Sherwood. 

LEND'ER, 71. 1. One who lends. 2. One who makes a 
trade of putting money to interest. Dryden. 

LEND ING, ppr. Granting for temporary use. See Lend. 
LEND'ING, 71. 1. The act of loaning. 2. That which is 
lent or furnished. Shak. 
t LEiVDS?, 71. [8ax.] Loins. Wickliffe. 

LENGTH, 71. [Sax. lengthe, from leng, long.] 1. The ex- 
tent of any thing material from end to end ; the longest 
line wliich can be drawn through a body, parallel to its 
sides. 2. Extent; extension. 3. A certain extent; a 
portion of space ; with a plural. 4. Spate of time ; dura- 
tion, indefinitely. 5. Long duration. G. Reach or ex- 
tent. 7. Extent. 8. Distance. — At length. 1. At or in 
the full extent. 2. At last ; at the end or conclusion, 
t LENGTH, V. t. To extend. 

LENGTH'EN, (length'n) v. t. 1. To extend in length ; to 
make longer ; to elongate. 2. To draw out or extend in 
time ; to protract ; to continue in duration. 3. I’o ex- 
tend. 4. To draw out in pronunciation. 

LENGTH'EN, v. i. To grow longer ; to extend in length. 
LENGTH'ENED, pp. Made longer; drawn out in length ; 
continued in duration. 

LENGTH'EN-ING, ppr. Making longer; extending in 
lengtli or in duration. 

LENGTH'EN-ING, n. Continuation; protraction. 
LENGTH'Fl[L, a. Of great length in measure. 
LENGTH'V\ I.SE, adv. In the direction of the length ; in a 
longitudinal direction. 

LENGI’H'Y, a. Being long or moderately long ; not short ; 
not brief ; applied mostly to moral subjects, as to dis- 
courses, writings, &c. ; as, a lengthy sermon. London 
Q_uarterly Review. Lord Byron. 

Le'NI-ENT, a. [L. leniens.] 1. Softening; mitigating-, 
assuasive. 2. Laxative ; emollient. 

Le'NI-ENT, n. That which softens or assuages ; an emol- 
lient. Wiseman. 

LEN'I-FY, V. t. To assuage ; to soften ; to mitigate. [Z.. ?/.] 
t LEN'I-MENT, n. An assuasive. 

LEN'I-TiVE, a. [It. lenitivo ; Fr. leyiitif.] Having the 
quality of softening or mitigating ; as pain or acrimony ; 
assuasive ; emollient. 

LEN'I-TIVE, 71. 1. A medicine or application that has the 
quality of easing pain ; that w-hich softens or mitigates. 
2. A palliative ; that which abates passion. South. 
LEN'I-TY, n. [L. lenitas.] Mildness of temper ; softness ; 

tenderness ; merc)\ • 

LEN'NOCK, a. Slender; pliable. Lancashire Gloss. 

LENS, n. ; plu. Lenses. [L. ?e775.] A transparent sub- 
stance, usually glass, so formed that rays of light passing 
through it are made to change .their direction, and to 
magnify or diminish objects at a certain distance. 

t LENT, a. Slow ; mild. B. Jonson. 

LENT, pp. of lend. 

LENT, V. [Sax. lenctev.] The quadragesimal fast, or fast 
of forty days, observed by the Christian church before 
Easter, the festival of our Savior’s resurrection. It be- 
gins at Ash-Wednesday, and continues till Easter. 
liENT'EN, a. Pertaining to lent ; used in lent ; sparing. 
LEN-TIC'U-LAR, a. [L. lentirularis.] 1. Resembling a 
lentil. 2. Having the form of a lens; lentiform. 
LEN-TIC'U-LAR-LY, adv. In the manner of a lens; with 
a curve. 

LEN-TIC'U-LTTE, n. A petrified shell. 

LENT'I-FORM, a. [L. lews and fo7-ma.] Of the form of a 
lens. 

LEN-TfG'I-NOUS, a. [L. lentigo.] Freckly ; scurfy ; fur- 
furaceous. 

LEN-TT'GO, n. A freckly eruption on the skin. 

LEN'TTL, n. [Fr. lent die.] A plant. 

LEN'TISK, ) n. [Fr. lentviqve ; L. lentiscus.] A tree 
LENrTIS'CUS, i of the genus pistacia, the mastich-tree. 
t LENT'l-TUDE, n. [L. lentns.] Slowness. 

IjENT'NER, n. A kind of hawk. Walton. 

LENT'OR, 7?. [L.] ]. Tenacity; viscousness. 2. Slow- 

ness; delay; sluggishness. 3. Siziness ; thickness of 
fluids ; viscidity ; a term used in the humoral pathology. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, t?> ^,long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PR£Y ; — PIN, IMARINE, BIRD; — j Obsolete. 


LEV 


LET 493 


LENT'OUS, a. [L. lentus.] Viscid j viscous ; tenacious. 
Brown. 

LEN'ZI-NITE, n. [from Lenzms.] A mineral. 

Le'O, n. [LJ The Lion, the firth sign of the zodiac. 

Le'OD, 71 . The people j or, rather, a nation j country. 
Gibson. 

Le'OF, 71 . Z,co/ denotes love ; so Leofwvija. winner of love j 
Leofstan, best beloved. Gibson. 

LE'O-NINE, a. [L. leoninus.] Belonging to a lion ; resem- 
bling a lion, or partaking of his qualities. — Leonine verses, 
so named from Leo, the inventor, are those, the end of 
which rhymes with the middle. 

LE'O-NINE-LY, ado. In the manner of a lion. 

LEOP'.\RD, (lep'ard) n. [L. leo and par<ia5.] A rapacious 
quadruped of the genus /ehs. 

LEOP'ARD’S-BAWE, 7t. A plant. Lee. 

I LEP'ER, 71. [L. lepra', Yx.lepre.'] A person affected with 
leprosy. 

LEP'ID, a. [L. ZepitZjts.] Pleasant ; jocose. [Little used.'\ 

LEP'I-DO-LITE, 77. [Gr. Xf7r7f.] A mineral. 

LEP'I-DOP-TER, ) n. [Gr. and KTepov.'j The lep- 

LEP-I-DOP'TE-RA, j idopters are an order of insects hav- 
ing four wings. 

LEP-I-DOP'TE-RAL, a. Belonging to the order of lepi- 
dopters. 

* LEP'O-RINE, a. [L. leporinus.^ Pertaining to a hare j hav- 
ing the nature or qualities of the hare. 

LE-PROS'1-TY, n. Squamousness. [Little used.'l Bacon. 

LEP'RO-SY, n. A fou! cutaneous disease, appearing in dry, 
white, thin, scurfy scabs, attended with violent itching. 

LEP'ROUS, a. [Fr. lepreax.^ Infected with leprosy j cov- 
ered with white scales. 

LEP'ROUS-LY, ado. In an infectious degree. 

LEP'ROUS-NESS, 77. State of being leprous. Shencood. 

jLERE, 77. Learning; lesson; lore. Spenser. 

t LERE, V. t. To learn ; to teach. Chaucer. 

LERE, a. Empty. 

LER'RY, 77. [from Zere.] A rating ; a lecture. A rustic 
word. 

Lesion, (IS'zhun) n. [L. Ztesio.] a hurting; hurt; 
wound ; injury. Rush. 

t LESS, for unless. 

LESS, a terminating syllable of many nouns, and some ad- 
jectives, is the Sax. leas, Goth, laus, belonging to the 
verb lysan, lausijan, to loose, free, separate. Hence it is 
a privative word, denoting destitution ; as, a witless man, 
a man destitute of wit ; childless, without children ; fa- 
I therless ; faithless ; pennyless ; lawless, &c. 

LESS, a. jSax. l<ss. Less has the sense of the comparative 
degree of little.'] Smaller ; not so large or great. 

LESS, ado. Not so much ; in a smaller or lower degree. 

LESS, 77. 1. Not so much. 2. An inferior. 

j- LESS, V. t. To make less. Gower. 

LES-SEE', 77. The person to whom a lease is given. 

LESS'EN, (les'n) v. t. [from less.] 1. To make less; to 
diminish ; to reduce in bulk, size, quantity, number or 
amount ; to make smaller. 2. To diminish in degree, 
state or quality. 3. To degrade ; to reduce in dignity. 

LESS'EN, (les'n) v. i. 1. To become less; to shrink; to 
contract in bulk, quantity, number or amount ; to be di- 
minished. 2. To become less in degree, quality or inten- 
sity ; to decrease. 

LESS'RNED, pp. Made smaller; diminished. 

LESS'EN-ING, ppr. Reducing in bulk, amount or degree ; 
degrading. 

LESS'ER, a. [Sax. Imssa, Iwsse. This word is a corrup- 
tion, but too well established to be discarded.] Less ; 
smaller. Authors always write the Lesser Asia. 

LESSER,ad7-. Less. Shak. 

LES'SES, 77. [Fr. ZaTssccTf.] The dung of beasts left on the 
ground. 

LES'SON, (les'n) n. [Fr. legon ; L. lectio.] 1. Anything 
read or recited to a teacher by a pupil or learner for im- 
proveni'Mit ; or such a portion of a book as a pupil learns 
and repeats at one time. 2. A portion of Scripture read 
in divine service. 3. A portion of a book or manuscript 
assigned by a preceptor to a pupil to be learnt, or for an 
exercise ; something to be learnt. 4. Precept ; doctrine 
or notion inculcated. 5. Severe lecture; reproof ; rebuke. 
6. Tune written for an instrument. 7. Instruction or 
truth, taught by experience. 

LES'SON, (les'n) v. t. To teach ; to instruct. L^Estrange. 

LES'SONED, pp. Taught; instructed. 

LES'SON- ING, ppr. Teaching. 

LES'SOR, 77. [from lease.] One who leases; the person 
who lets to farm, or gives a lease. Blackstone. 

* LEST, conj. [Sax. leas.] That not ; for fear that. 

LET, V. A.,- pret. and pp. let. Letted is obsolete. [Sax. Icetan, 

letan ; Goth, letan.] 1. To permit ; to allow ; to suffer; 
to give leave or power by a positive act, or, negatively, to 
withhold restraint ; not to prevent. 2. To lease ; to grant 
possession and use fer a compensation. 3. To suffer; to 
permit; with the usual sign of the infinitive; [oZ»s.] — 4. 


In the imperative mode, let has the following uses. EoL 
lowed by the first and third persons, it expresses desire of 
wish. Followed by the first person plural, it expresses 
exhortation or entreaty. Followed by the third person, 
it implies permission or command addressed to an inferi- 
or. 5. To retard ; to hinder ; to impede ; to interpcise 
obstructions ; 2 Thess. ii. [obs.]—To let alone, to leave ; 
to suffer to remain without intermeddling. — To let doion, 
to permit to sink or fall ; to lower. — To let loose, to free 
from restraint’ ; to permit to wander at large. — To let in 
or 777 Ao, to permit or suffer to enter; to admit. — To let 
blood, to open a vein and suffer the blood to flow out. — 
To let out, to suffer to escape ; also, to lease or let to hire. 
— To let off, to discharge, to let fly, as an arrow ; or cause 
to explode, as a gun. 

f LET, V. i. To forbear. Bacon. 

LEI', 77. A retarding ; hinderance ; obstacle ; impediment ; 
delay. 

LET, [^ax. lyte.] A termination of diminutives ; diS, hamlet, 
a little house ; rivulet, a small stream. 

LeTCH, 77. 1. A vessel to put ashes in, to run water through, 
for the purpose of making washing lye. Ray. [5ec Leach.] 
2. A long, narrow swamp, m which water moves slowly 
among rushes and grass. Brockett. 

Le'THAL, a. [L. lethalis.] Deadly ; mortal ; fatal. 

LE-TH AL'I-TY, n. Mortality. Akins. 

LE-THXR'GIG, A a. [L. lethar gicus.] Preternaturally 

LE-THAR'GI-GAL, ) inclined to sleep; drowsy; dull; 
heavy. 

LE-THAR'GI-€AL-LY, adv. In a morbid sleepiness. 

LE-THAR'GI-CAL-NESS, ( 77. Preternatural or morbid 

LE-THAR'GI€-NESS, ( sleepiness. 

LETH- AR-GlED, jTp. or a. Laid asleep ; entranced. Shak. 

LETH'AR-6Y, n. [L. lethargia.] 1. Preternatural sleepi- 
ness ; morbid drowsiness ; continued or profound sleep, 
from which a person can scarcely be awaked, and if 
awaked, remains stupid. 2. Dullness; inaction; inat- 
tention. 

LETH'AR-GY, v. t. To make lethargic or dull. Churchill. 

Le'THE, 77. [Gr. Xrjdr]-] Oblivion ; a draught of oblivion. 

LE-THe'AN, a. Inducing forgetfulness or oblivion. 

LE-THIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. lethum and fero.] Deadly ; mor- 
tal ; bringing death or destruction. 

LET'TER, 77. 1. One who permits. 2. One who retards 
or hinders. 3. One who gives vent. 

LET'TER, 77. [Fr. lettre ; It. lettera ; L. litera.] I. A 
mark or character, written, printed, engraved or painted ; 
used as the representative of a sound, or of an articula- 
tion of the human organs of speech. 2. A written or 
printed message ; an epistle. 3. The verbal expression ; 
the literal meaning. 4. Type ; a character formed of 
metal or wood, usually of metal, and used in printing 
books. — 5. Letters, m the jdural, learning; erudition. — 
Dead letter, a writing or precept which is without au- 
thority or force.— Letter of attorney, a writing by which 
one person authorizes another to act in his stead. — Letter 
£>/77?ar977c, a private ship commissioned or authorized by 
a government to make reprisals on the ships of another 
state. [See Marque.] — Letters patent, or overt, open, a 
writing executed and sealed, by which power and author- 
ity are granted to a person to do some act, or enjoy some, 
right. 

LET'TER, V. t. To impress or form letters on. 

LET'TER-GASE, n. A case or book to put letters in. 

LET'TERED, pp. Stamped with letters. 

LET'TERED, a. 1. Literate ; educated ; versed in liter- 
ature or science. 2. Belonging to learning ; suiting let- 
ters. 

LET'TER-FOUND'ER, n. One who casts letters ; a type- 
founder. 

LET'TER-ING, ppr. Impressing or forming letters on. 

LET'TER-LESS, a. Illiterate ; unlettered ; not learned. 

LET'TER-PRESS, v. Print; letters and words impressed 
on paper or other material by types. 

LET'TUCE, (let'tis) n. [Fr. laitue.] A genus of plants. 

LEu'ClN, ) 77. [Gr. XroAo?.] A peculiar white pulveru- 

LEU'CINE, \ lent substance. 

LEU'CITE, 77. [Gr. Xfiucof.] A stony substance. 

LEu'€0-E-THT-OP'l€, <7. [Gr. Xcutco? and 777 07o;//.] White 
and black ; designating a white animal of a black spe- 
cies, c»r the albino. 

LEU-€0-PHLEG'MA-CY, n. [Gr. )^evKog and (p'Xeypn.] A 
dropsical habit of body, or the commencement of anasar- 
ca ; paleness, with viscid juices and cold sweats. 

LEU-€0-PHLEG-MATd€, a. Having a dropsical habit of 
body, with a white, bloated skin. 

LEU-Co'THI-OP, 77. [See Leuco-ethiopic.] An albino ; 
a white man of a black race. 

LEu'THRlTE, 77. substance that appears to be a recom- 
posed rock, of a loose texture. 

Lk'VANT, a. [Fr. levant.] Eastern ; denoting tlie part of 
the hemisphere where the sun rises. 

LE-VANT', 77. [It. levante.] Properly, a country to the 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BULL, UNITE. — C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


LEV 


494 


LIB 


eastward ; but appropriately y the countries of Turkey, 
Syria, Asia Minor, Greece, Egypt, &c. 

LE-VANT'ER, w. 1. A strong, easterly wind, so called 
. by tile sailors in the Mediterranean. 2. A colloquial ex- 
pression applied to one who bets at a horse race, and runs 
away without paying the wagers he has lost. 
LEV'AN-TINE, a. 1. Pertaining to the Levant. 2. De- 
signating a particular kind of silk cloth. 

LEV'AN-TINE, ?i. A particular kind of silk cloth. 

LE- Va'TOR, n. [L.] J. In anatomy y a muscle that serves 
to raise some part, as the lip or the eyelid. 2. A surgi- 
cal instrument used to raise a depressed part of the 
skull. 

•f LEVE, for AcZieue. Oower. 

LEVE, a. [Sax. leaf.] Agreeable; pleeising; dear; writ- 
ten also, Icefy lefty lief. See Lev£r. 

LEV'EE, 71. [Fr.] 1. The time of rising. 2. The con- 

course of persons who visit a prince or great personage in 
the morning. 3. A bank or causey, particularly along a 
river to prevent inundation. 

LE\"'EL, a. [Sax. Icefe.] 1. Horizontal ; coinciding with 
the plane of the liorizon. 2. Even ; flat ; not having one 
part higher than another ; not ascending or descending. 
3. Even with any thing else ; of the same height ; on 
the same line or plane. 4. Equal in rank or degree ; hav- 
ing no degree of superiority. 

LEV'EL, V. t. 1. To make horizontal. 2. To make even ; 
to reduce or remove inequalities of surface in any thing. 
3. To reduce or bring to the same height with something 
else. 4. To lay fiat; to reduce to an even surface or 
plain. 5. To reduce to equality of condition, state or de- 
gree. 6. To point, in taking aim ; to elevate or depress 
so as to direct a missile weapon to an object ; to aim. 7. 
To aim ; to direct. 8. To suit ; to proportion. 

LEV'EL, V. i. To accord ; to agree ; to suit ; [Z. u.] 2. 
To aim at ; to point a gun or an arrow to the mark. 3. 
To aim at ; to direct the view or purpose. 4. To be' aim- 
ed ; to be in tb^ same direction with the mark. 5. To 
aim ; to make attempts. 6._To conjecture ; to attempt 
to guess ; [oZ»5.] ^ 

LEV'EL, n. 1. A horizontal line, or a plane ; a surface 
without inequalities. 2. Rate ; standard ; usual eleva- 
tion ; customary height. 3. Equal elevation with some- 
thing else ,• a state of equality. 4. The line of direction 
in which a missile weapon is aimed. 5. An instrument, in 
mechanics, uy which to find or draw a horizontal line, as 
i t setting buildings, or in making canals and drains. 
6. Rule ; plan ; scheme ; borrowed from the mechanic’s 
level. '' 

LEV'ELED, pp. 1. Reduced to a plane ; made even. 2. 
Reduced to an equal state, condition or rank. 3. Reduced 
to an equality with something else. 4. Elevated or de- 
pressed to a right line towards something ; pointed to an 
object. 5. Suited ; proportioned. 

LEV'^'EL-ER, n. 1. One that levels or makes even. 2. One 
that destroys or attempts to destroy distinctions, and re- 
duce to equality. 

LEV'EL-ING, ppr. 1. Making level or even. 2. Reduc- 
ing to an equality of condition. 

LEV'EL-ING, 71. The art or practice of finding a horizon- 
tal fine, or of ascertaining the different elevations of ob- 
jects on the surface of the earth. 

LEV'EL-NESS, n. 1. Evenness; equality of surface. 2. 

Equality with something else. 

LEV'EN. See Leaven. 

fLEV'EN, 71. [Srx. hlifan.] Lightning. Chaucer. 
*LEV^ER, n. [Fr. levier ; It. leva.] In mechanics, bar 
of metal, wood, or other substance, turning on a support 
called the fulcrum or prop. 

Lk'VER, a. The comparative degree of levc, leef, or lief. 

More agreeable ; more pleasing. 

Leaver, ado. Rather; as we now saiy, I had rather. Chau- 
cer. 

LEV'ER-ET, n. [Fr. lievret.] A hare in the first year of 
her age. 

LEV'ER-0€K, n. A bird ; a lark. See Lark. 
f LEV'ET, 71. [qu. Fr. lever.] A blast of a trumpet ; prob- 
ably that by which soldiers are called in the morning. 
LEV'I-A-BLE, a. That may be levied ; that may be as- 
sessed and collected. Bacon. 

LE-VT'A-TIIAN, n. [Heb. in’lS.] 1. An aquatic animal, 
described in the book of Job, ch. xli. It is not agreed 
what animal is intended, whether the crocodile, the 
whale, or a species of serpent. 2. The whale, or a great 
whale. Milton^ 

LEV'I-GATE, tJ. t. [L. IcBvigo.] 1. In pharmacy ^Lnd chem- 
istry, to rub or grind to a fine, impalpable powder ; to 
make fine, soft and smooth. 2. To plane ; to polish. 
LEV'I-GATE, a. Made smooth. 

LEV'I-GA-TED, pp. Reduced to a fine, impalpable pow- 
der. 

LEV'I-GA-TING, ppr. Rendering very fine, soft and 
smooth, by grinding or rubbing. 


LEV-I-GA'TION, n. The act or operation of grindin 
or rubbing a solid substance to a fine, impalpable powder. 

f LEV'IN, n. [Sax. hlifian.] Lightning. See Leven. 

LEV-I-Ta'TION, 7t. [L. levisy levitas.] Lightness; buoy- 
ancy ; act of making light. 

Le'VITE, 71. [from Levi.] One of the tribe or family of 
Levi ; a descendant of Levi ; an officer in tJie Jewish 
church, who was employed in manual service. 

LE-VIT'I-€AL, a. 1. Belonging to the Levites, or descend- 
ants of Levi. 2. Priestly. Milton. 

LE-VIT'1-€AL-LY, ado. After the manner of the Le- 
vites. 

LE-VITT-GUS, 77. A canonical book of the Old Testa- 
ment, containing the laws and regulations which relate 
to the priests and Levites. 

LEV'I-'l'V, 71. [L. levitas.] 1. Lightness; the want of 
weight in a body, compared with another that is heavier. 
2. Lightness of temper or conduct ; inconstancy ; change- 
ableness ; unsteadiness. ''3. Want of due consideration ; 
vanity ; freak. 4. Gayety of mind ; want of seriousness ; 
disposition to trifle. 

LEV'Y, v.t. [Fr. lever.] 1. To raise; to collect. 2. To 
raise ; to collect by assessment. — To levy tear, is to raise 
or begin war; to take arms for attack; to attack. — To 
levy a Jive, to commence and carry on a suit for assuring 
the title to lands or tenements. 

LEV'Y, n. 1. The act of collecting men for military or 
other public service, as by enlistment, enrollment or other 
means. 2. Troops collected ; an army raised. 3. The 
act of collecting money for public use by tax or other im- 
position. 4. War raised ; 

t LEW, a. [Dan. laauw.] 1 epid ; lukewarm ; pale ; wan. 

LEWD, a. [W. llodig.] 1. Given to the unlawful indul- 
gence of lust ; addicted to fornication or adultery ; dis- 
solute ; lustful ; libidinous. 2. Proceeding from unlaw- 
ful lust. 3. Wicked ; vile ; profligate ; licentious.' 

f LEWD, a. [Sax. Icewed, lewd.] Lay ; laical ; not cler- 
ical. 

LEWD'IW, adv. 1. With the unlawful indulgence of lust; 
lustfully. 2. Wickedly ; wantonly. 

LEWD'J\ESS, n. 1. The unlawful indulgence of lust ; for- 
nication, or adultery. — 2. In Scripture, it generally de- 
notes idolatry. 3. Licentiousness ; shamelessness. 

I LEWD'STER, ??. One given to the criminal indulgence of 
lust ; a lecher. Shak. 

LEX-I-€OG'RA-PHER, n. The author of a lexicon or dic- 
tionary. 

LEX-I-€0-GRAPH'I€, a. Pertaining to the writing or com- 
pilation of a dictionary. Boswell. 

LEX-I-€OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. and ypaepio.] 1. 

The act of writing a lexicon or dictionary, or the art of 
composing dictionaries. 2. The composition or compila- 
tion of a dictionary. 

LEX-I-GOL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. Xc|uov and Xoyof.l The sci- 
ence of words ; that branch of learning which treats 
of the proper signification and just application of words. 

LEX'I-€ON, 77. [Gr. Xf|77fov.] A dictionary ; a vocabulary 
or book containing an alphabetical arrangement of the 
words ill a language, with the definition of each. 

LEXT-GON-IST, n. A writer of a lexicon. [Little used.] 

LEX'I-GRAPH-Y, n. [Gr. Xc|tj and ypatpu).] The art or 
practice of defining words. 

LeY, a different orthography of lay and lea, a meadow or 
field. 

LHER'ZO-LITE, n. A mineral. 

Li'A-BLE, a. [Fr. Her.] 1. Bound ; obliged in law or 
equity ; responsible ; answerable. 2. Subject ; obnox- 
ious ; exposed. 

LT'A-BLE-NESS, or LI-A-BIL'ITY, n. 1. The state of 
being bound or obliged in law or justice; responsibil- 
ity. 2. Exposedness; tendency; a state of being sub- 
ject. 

LT'AR, 77. LA person who knowingly utters falsehood ; 
one who declares to another as a fact what he knows to be 
not true, and with an intention to deceive him. 2. One 
who denies Christ. 1 John ii. 

tLT'ARD,-a. Gray. Chaucer. 

Ia'AS, 77. A species of limestone. Encyc. 

fLIB, 7?. f. [p. Z77Z»&e77.] To castrate. Chapman. 

LI-Ba'TION, 77.. [L. libatio.] 1. The act of pouring a li- 
quor, usually wine, either on the ground, or on a victim 
in sacrifice, in honor of some deity. 2. The wine or 
other liquor poured out in honor of a deity. 

LTB'BARD, an obsolete spelling of leopard. 

LIB'BARD’S-BANE, 77. A poisonous plant. B. Jonson. 

Li'BEL, 71. [L. libellus.] 1. A defamatory writing, L. 
libellus famosus. Any book, pamphlet, writing or pic- 
ture, containing representations, maliciously made or pub- 
lished, tending to bring a person into contempt, or expose 
him to public hatred and derision.— 2. In the civil law, 
and in courts of admiralty, a declaration or charge in writ- 
ing exhibited in court, particularly against a ship or goods, 
for violating the laws of trade or of revenue. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, Zo77^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PR£Y ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 


f Obsolete. 


LIB 


495 


f 


Lie 


LI'BEL, V. t. 1. To defame or expose to public hatred and 
contempt by a writing or picture ; to lampoon. 2. To ex- 
hibit a charge against any thing in court, particularly 
against a ship or goods, for a violation of the laws of 
trade or revenue. ^ 

+ LBBEL, n. i. To spread defamation, written or printed. 

t.I'BEL-ANT, n. One wlio libels j one who brings a libel 
or institutes a suit in an admiralty court. 

LI'BELED, pp. 1. Defamed by a writing or picture made 
public. 2. Charged or declared against in an admiralty 
court. 

LrBEL-ER, 7?. One who libels or defames by writing or 
pictures ; a lampooner. 

LI'BEL-ING, jipr. 1. Defaming by a published writing or 
picture. 2. Exhibiting charges against in court. 

LI BEL OUS, a. Dehimatory ; containing that which ex- 
poses a person to public hatred, contempt and ridicule. 

LIB'ER-AL, a. [Fr.; 1j. liber alU.] 1. Of a free lieart ; free 
to give or bestow ; not close or contracted ; munificent ; 
bountiful ; generous ; giving largely. It expresses less 
thuu profuse or extravagant. 2. Generous; ample; large. 
3. Not selfish, narrow or contracted ; catholic ; enlarged ; 
embracing other interests than one’s own. 4. General ; 
extensive ; embracing literature and the sciences gener- 
ally. o. Free; open; candid. 6. Large; profuse. 7. 
Free ; not literal or strict. 8. Not mean ; not low in birth 
or mind. 9. Licentious ; free to excess. — Liberal arts, as 
distinguished from mechanical arts, are such as depend 
more on the exertion of the mind than on the labor of 
the hands. 

LIB-ER-AL'I-TY, n. [L. liberalitas.'] 1. Munificence ; 
bounty. 2. A particular act of generosity ; a donation ; 
a gratuity. 3. Largeness of mind ; Catholicism. 4. Can- 
dor ; impartiality. 

LIB'ER-AL-IZE, v. t. To render liberal or catholic ; to en- 
large ; to free from narrow views or prejudices. 

LIB'ER-AL-IZED, pp. Freed from narrow views and prej- 
udices; made liberal. 

LIB'ER-AL-TZ-ING, ppr. Rendering liberal ; divesting of 
narrow views and prejudices. 

LIB'ER-AL-LY, adv. 1. Bountifully ; freely ; largely ; 
with munificence. 2. With enlarged views; without 
selfishness or meanness. 3. Freely ; not strictly ; not 
literally. 

LIB ER- ATE, v. t. [L. liberoi] 1. To free ; to release 
from restraint or bondage ; to set at liberty. 2. To man- 
umit. / 

LIB'ER-A-TED, pp. Freed ; released from confinement, 
restraint or slavery ; manumitted. 

LIB'ER-A-TING, ppr. Delivering from restraint or sla- 
very. 

LIB-ER-a'TION, n. [L. liberatio.l The act of delivering 
from restraint, confinement or slavery. 

LTB-ER-a'TOR, 71. One who liberates or delivers. 

LIB-ER-Ta'RI-AN, a. [L. liber.] Pertaining to liberty, or 
to the doctrine of free will, as opposed to the doctrine of 
necessity. 

LIB'ER-TIN-ACE, n. Libertinism, which is most used. 

LIB'ER-TINE, 71. [L. libertinus.] 1. Among the i2o7?ja7i5, 
a freedman ; a person manumitted or set free from legal 
servitude. 2. One unconfined ; one free from restraint. 
3. A man who lives without restraint of the animal pas- 
sion ; one who indulges his lust without restraint ; one 
who leads a dissolute, licentious life ; a rake ; a debau- 
chee. 

LIB'ER-TINE, a. Licentious ; dissolute ; not under the re- 
straint of law or religion ; as, libertine principles. 

LIB'ER-TIN-IS?M, n. 1. State of a freedman ; [Z. u.] 2. 
Licentiousness of opinion and practice ; an unrestrained 
indulgence of lust; debauchery; lewdness. 

LIB'ER-TY, 7?. [L. libertas.] 1. Freedom from restraint, 
in a general sense, and applicable to the body, or to the 
will or mind. — 2. J\Tatural liberty consists in the power 
of acting as one thinks fit, without any restraint or con- 
trol, except from the laws of nature. — 3. Civil liberty is 
the liberty of men in a state of society, or natural liberty, 
so far only abridged and restrained, as is necessary and 
expedient for the safety and interest of the society, state 
or nation. — 4. Political liberty is sometimes used as sy- 
nonymous with civil liberty. But it more properly desig- 
nate’s the liberty of a nation, the freedom of a nation or 
state from all unjust abridgment of its rights and independ- 
ence by another nation. — 5. Religious liberty is the free 
right of adopting and enjoying opinions on religious sub- 
jects, and of worshipping the Supreme Being according 
to the dictates of conscience, without external control. — 
6. Librrtv, in metaphysics, as opposed to necessity, is the 
power of an agent to do or forbear any particular a< tion, 
according to the determination or thought of the mind, by 
which either is preferred to the other. Locke. 7. Privi- 
lege ; exemption ; immunity enjoyed by prescription or 
by grant ; with a plural. 8. Leave ; permission granted. 
9. A space in which one is permitted to pass without re- 
straint, and beyond which he may not lawfully pass ; 


with a plural. 10. Freedom of action or speech beyond 
the ordinary bounds of civility or decorum.— Tw take the 
liberty to do or say any thing, to use freedom not special- 
ly granted. — To set at liberty^ to deliver from confine- 
ment; to release from restraint.— To be at liberty, to be 
free from restraint. — Liberty of the press is freedom from 
any restriction on the power to publish books. 

LIB-ID'IN-IST, 71. One given to lewdness, .lunius. 

LI-BID*I-NOUS, a. [L. libidinosus.] Lustful ; lewd ; hav- 
ing an eager appetite for venereal pleasure. 

LI-BID'I-NOUS-LY, a. Lustfully ; with lewd desire. 

LI-BID'I-NOUS-NESS, n. 'J'he state or quality of being 
lustful ; inordinate appetite for venereal pleasure. 

LI'BRA, n. [L.] The Balance ; the seventh sign in the zo- 
diac, which the sun enters at the autumnal equinox, in 
September. 

LI'BtvAL, a. [L. libralis.] Of a pound weight. Diet. 

LI-BRa'RI-AN, 71. [L. librarius.] 1. The keeper or one 
who has the care of a library or collection of books. 2. 
One who transcribes or copies books ; [oAs.] 

LLBRa'RI-AN-SH 1P, 71. The office of a librarian. 

Li'BRA-RY, 71. [L. librarium.] 1. A collection of books 
belonging to a private person, or to a public institution or 
a company. 2. An edifice or an apartment for holding a 
collection of books. 

Ll'BR ATE, V. t. [L. libro.] To poise ; to balance ; to hold 
in equipoise. 

LLBRATE, v. i. To move, as a balance ; to be poised. 

LI-BRa'TION, 71. ]. The act of balancing or state of being 
balanced ; a state of equipoise, with equal w'eights on 
both sides of a centre. — 2. In astronomy, an apparent ir- 
regularity of the moon’s motions, by which it seems to li- 
brate about its axis. 3. A balancing or equipoise between 
extremes. 

Ll'BR A-TO-RY, a. Balancing ; moving like a balance, as it 
tends to an equipoise or level. 

LICE, plu. of louse. 

LICE'-BANE, 71. A plant. 

Ll'CEN-SA-BLE, a. That may be permi*ted by a legal 
grant. 

Ll'CENSE, 71. [Fr. ; ~L. licentia.] 1. Leave; permission j 
authority or liberty given to do or forbear any act. 2. Ex- 
cess of liberty ; exorbitant freedom ; freedom abused, or 
used in contempt of law or decorum. 

LI'CENSE, V. t. 1. To permit by grant of authority ; to re- 
move legal restraint by a gnant of permission. 2. To au- 
thorize to act in a particular character. 3. To dismiss j 
JoAs.] 

Ll'CEN-SER, 71. One who grants permission ; a person au- 
thorized to grant permission to others. 

LI-CEN'TIATE, 71. [L. licentia.] 1. One who has a li- 
cense. — 2. In Spain, one who has a degree. 

LI-CEN'TIATE, v. t. To give license or permission. 

LI-CEN-TI-a'TION, n. The act of permitting. Freeman. 

LI-CEN'TIOUS, a. [L. hcentiosus.] 1. Using license ; in- 
dulging freedom to excess ; unrestrained by law or moral- 
ity ; loose ; dissolute. 2. Exceeding the limits of law or 
propriety ; wanton ; unrestrained. 

LI-CEN'TIOUS-LY, adv. With excess of liberty ; in con- 
tempt of law and morality. 

LI-CEN'TIOUS-NESS, n. Excessive indulgence of liberty ; 
contempt of the just restraints of law, morality and deco- 
rum. 

t LI€H, a. [Sax. lie. See Like.] Like; even; equal. 
Gower. 

LICH, n. [Sax. lie, or lice.] A dead body or corpse ; licha- 
7ua,a living body; hence lichwake, watching with the 
dead ; Lichfield, the field of dead bodies. 

Ll'CIlEN, n. [I..] 1. In botany, the name for an extensive 
division of cryptogamian plants, which appear in the form 
of thin, flat crusts, covering rocks and the bark of trees. 
— 2. In surgery, a species of impetigo, appearing in the 
form of a red, dry, rough, and somewhat prurient spot, 
that gives off small furfuraceous scales. 

LI-€HEN-0-GRAPH'I€, ) a. Pertaining to lichenog- 

LI-€HEN-0-GRAPH'I-€AL, \ raphy. 

LI-€HEN-0G'RA-PH1ST, n. One who describes the lich- 
ens. 

LI-€HEN-OG'RA-PHY, n. [lichen, and Gr. ypa(p(i).] A de- 
scription of the vegetables called lichens ; the science 
which illustrates the natural history of the lichens. 

LICH'-OWL, 71. A sort of owl, by the vulgar supposed to 
foretell death. 

LIC'IT, a. [L. licitus.] Lawful. 

LIC'IT-LY, adv. Lawfully. 

LTC'IT-NE8S, 77. Lawfulness. 

LI€K, V. t. [Sax. liccian ; D. likken.] 1. To pass or draw 
the tongue over the surface. 2. To lap ; to take in by the 
tongue. — To lick up, to devour ; to consume entirely. — To 
lick the dust, to be slain ; to perish in battle. 

L1€K, n. In j9merica,?k place where beasts of the forest lick 
for salt, at salt springs. 

LI€K, n. [W. Hag.] 1. A blow ; a stroke; [not an elegant 
word.] 2. A wash ; something rubbed on ; [o*5.] 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BULL, UNITE. — C as K , G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


LIF 


49G 


LIG 


LICK, y, t. To strike repeatedly for punishment ; to flog ; 
to chastise with blows. [JVwt an elea-aut wurd.] 

LICK'ER, n. One that licks. 

LICK'ER-ISH, a. [D., Dan, lekker ; G, lecher.] 1. Nice 
in the choice of food ; dainty. 2. Eager j greedy to swal- 
low ; eager to taste or enjoy ; having a keen relish. 3. 
Dainty j tempting the appetite. 

LICK'ER-l!:?H-L VT, ado. Daintily. 

LICK'ER-ISH-NESS, n. Niceness of palate ; daintiness. 

LIG O-RICE, 71. [It. liquiriiia.] A plant. 

tLIG'O-ROUS, t LIG'O-ROES-NESS, for lickerish, &c. 

LIG'TOR, V. [L.] An officer among the Romans, who bore 
an axe and fasces or rods, as ensigns of his office. 

LID, II. [Sax. hluL] A cover ; that which shuts the opening 
of a vessel or box. 

‘*LIE, water impregnated with alkaline salt, is written lye, 
to distinguish it from lie, a falsehood. 

LIE, II. [Sax. liir, or ly^e.] 1. A criminal falsehood ; a 
falsehood uttered for the purpose of deception ; an inten- 
tional violation of truth. 2. A fiction. 3. False doctrine. 
A. An idolatrous picture of God, or a false god. 5. That 
which deceives and disappoints confidence. — To give the 
lie, to charge with falseliood. 

LIE, V. i. [Sax. ligan, leogan.] 1. To utter falsehood with 
an intention to deceive, or with an immoral design. 2 . 
To exhibit a false representation 5 to say or do that which 
deceives another, when he has a right to know the truth, 
or when morality requires a just representation. 

LIE, V. i, ; pret. lay ; pp. lain, [lien, obs.] [Sax. ligan, or 
licgan : Goth, ligan.] 1 . To be in a horizontal position, 
or nearly so, and to rest on any thing lengthwise, and not 
on the end. 2. To rest in an inclining posture ; to lean. 
3. To rest ; to press on. 4. To be reposited in the grave. 
5. To rest on a bed or couch ; to be prostrate. 6 . To be 
situated. 7. To be ; to rest ; to abide ; to remain ; often 
followed by some word denoting a particular condition. 
8 . To consist. 9. To be sustainable in law ; to be capa- 
ble of being maintained. 

To lie at, to tease or importune; [little used.] — To lie at 
the heart, to be fixed as an object of affection or anxious 
desire. — To lie by. 1. To be reposited, or remaining with. 
2. To rest ; to intermit labor. — To lie in the way, to be an 
obstacle or inipediment. — To lie hard or heavy, to press ; 
to oppress ; to burden. — To lie on hand, to be or remain in 
possession ; to remain unsold or undisposed of. — To He mi 
the hands, to remain unoccupied or unemployed ; to be 
tedious. — To lie on the head, to be imputed. — To lie in 
wait, to wait for in concealment ; to lie in ambush ; to 
watch for an opportunity to attack or seize. — To lie in one, 
to be in the power of ; to belong to. — To lie down, to lay 
the body on the ground or other level place ; also, to go to 
rest. — To lie in, to be in childbed ; to bring forth young. 

— To lie under, to be subject to ; to suffer ; to be oppressed 
hy- — To lie on or \ipnn, to be a matter of obligation or duty. 

— To lie with. 1. To lodge or sleep with ; also, to have 
carnal knowledge of. 2. To belong to.— To lie over, to 
remain unpaid, after the time when payment is due. — To 
lie to, to be stationary, as a ship. 

\ LIkF, a. [Sax. Icof ; D. lief.] Dear ; beloved. 

LIeF, adv. Gladly ; willingly ; freely ; used in familiar 
speech, in the phrase, I had as lief go as not. 

LIi<:GE, a. [It. Hgio ; Fr. Hge.] 1 . Bound by a feudal ten- 
ure ; obliged to be faithful and loyal to a superior, as a 
vassal to his lord ; subject ; faithful ; as, a liege man. 2 . 
Soyereign ; as, a liege lord. 

LIeGE, 71 . 1. A vassal holding a fee by which he is bound 
to perform certain services and duties to his lord. 2. A 
lord or superior ; a sovereign. 

|- L^^eGE'-MAN, 77 . A vassal ; a subject. Shak. 

LIe^GER, 77. [more properly legier, or ledger.] A resident 
embassador. Denham. 

t LT'EiV. The obsolete participle of lie. See Lain. 

Li'EN, 77 . A legal claim ; as, a lien upon land. 

LT-EN-TERft€, a. Pertaining to a lientery. Grew. 

LT'EN-TER-Y, n. [Fr. Iienteri'>.] A flux of the bowels, in 
which the aliments are discharced undigested. 

Lt'ER, V. One who lies down ; one who rests or remains. 

ITRT, [lu] 77. [Fr.] Place ; room ; stead. It is used only 
with in. 

* LIEu-TEN' AN-CY, (lu-ten'an-sy) 77. l.Theofficeor com- 

mission of a lieutenant. 2 . The’ body of lieutenants. 
lilEu-TEN' ANT, (lu ten'ant) n. [Fr.] 1. An officer who 

sup[)lies the place of a superior in his absence. — 2. In mil- 
itani affairs, the second commissioned officer in a compa- 
ny of infantry, cavalry or artillery.— 3. In ships of tear, 
the officer next in rank to the captain. 

* TjJEli-TENfANT-SIirP. See Lieutenancy. 

LIeVE, for lief, is vulgar. See Lief. 

LIeV'RITE, 77. A mineral, called also 77 C 777 i<’. 

LIFE, 77 . ; pin. Lives. [Sax. lif, lyf; Sw. lif.] 1 . In a £ren- 
eral sense, that State of animals and plants, or of an or- 
ganized being, in which its natural functions and motions 
are performed. — 2. In animals, animation ; vitality ; and 
in man, that state of being in which the soul and body are 


united. — 3. In plants, the state in which they grow or are 
callable of growth, by means of the circulation of the sap. 
4. The present state of existence ; the time from birth to 
death. 5. Manner of living ; conduct ; deportment, in 
regard to moials. 6. Condition ; course of living, in re- 
gard to happiness and misery. 7. Blood, the supposed ve- 
hicle of animation. 8. Animals in general ; animal being. 
9. System of animal nature. 10. Spirit ; animation ; brisk- 
ness ; vivacity ; resolution. 11. 'I'he living form ; real 
person or state ; in opposition to a copy. i2. Exact re- 
semblance. 13. General state of man, or of social man- 
ners. 14. Condition ; rank in society. 15. Common oc- 
currences ; course of things ; human affairs. 16. A per- 
son ; a living lieing ; usually, or always, a human being. 
17. Narrative of a past life ; history of the events of life ; 
biographical narration. — 18. In Scripture, nourishment; 
supj)ort of life. 19. The stomach or appetite. 20. 'I'he 
enjoyments or blessings of the present life. 21. Supreme 
felicity. 22. Eternal happiness in heaven. Rom. v. 23. 
Restoration to life. Rom. v. 24. 'Fhe Author and Giver 
of supreme felicity. 25. A quickening, animating and 
strengthening principle, in a moral sense. 26. 'Fhe state 
of being in force, or the term for which an instrument has 
legal operation. 

LIFE'-BLoOD, 77 . 1. The blood necessary to life ; vital 
blood. Dryden. 2. 'Fhat which constitutes or gives 
strength and energy. 

LTFE'-BLoOD, a. Necessary as blood to life ; essential. 

LIFE-E-STATE', 77 . An estate that continues during the 
life of the possessor. 

LIF£-EV-ER-LaSTTNG, n. A plant of the genus gnapha- 
lium. 

LTFE'-GIV-ING, a. Having power to give life ; inspiriting; 
invigorating. Milton. 

LiFE'GUARD, 77. A guard of the life or person ; a guard 
that attends the person of a prince, or other person. 

LIFE'LESS, a. 1. Dead; deprived of life. 2. Destitute of 
life ; unanimated. 3. Destitute of power, force, vigor or 
spirit; dull; heavy; inactive. 4. Void of spirit ; vapid; 
as liquor. 5. 'Forpid. 6. Wanting physical energy. 

LIFE'LESS-LY, adv. Without vigor; dully; frigidly; 
heavily. 

LTFE'LESS-NESS, n. Destitution of life, vigor and spirit; 
inactivity. 

LTFE'LiKE, a. Like a living person. Pope. 

LTFE'RENT, n. The rent of an estate that continues for 
life. 

LTFE'STRING, n. A nerve or string that is imagined to be 
essential to life. 

LTFE'TIME, n. The time that life continues ; duration of 
life. Addison. 

LTFE'WeA-RY, a. Tired of life ; weary of living. 

LIFT, V. t. [Sw. lyfta ; Dan. lofter.] 1. 'Fo raise ; to ele- 
vate. 2. To raise ; to elevate mentally. 3. To raise in 
fortune. 4. To raise in estimation, dignity or rank. 5. 
To elate ; to cause to swell, as with pride. G. To bear ; 
to support. 7. To steal, that is, to take and carry away. 
— 8. In Scripture, to crucify. 

To lift \ip the eyes. 1. To look ; to fix the eyes on. 2. To 
direct the desires to God in prayer. Ps. exxi. — To lift up 
the head. 1 . 'Fo raise from a low condition ; to exalt. 
Gen. xl. 2. To rejoice. Luke xxi. — To lift up the hand. 
1. To swear, or to confirm by oath. Gen. xiv. 2. To 
raise the hands in prayer. Ps. xxviii. 3. To rise in op- 
position to ; to rebel ; to assault. 2 Sam. xviii. 4. 'Fo in- 
jure or oppress. .Tob xxxi. 5. To shake otf sloth and en- 
gase in duty. Heb. xii. — To lift up the face, to look to 
with confidence, cheerfulness and comfort, .lob xxii.— 
7 ’t) lift up the heel agahust, to treat with insolence and 
contempt. — To lift up the /7or 77 , to behave arrogantly or 
scornfully. Ps. Ixxv. — To lift up the feet, to come speedi- 
ly to one’s relief. Ps. Ixxiv. — To lifi up the voice, to cry 
aloud ; to call out, either in grief or joy. Gen. xxi. 

LIFT, V. i. 1. To try to raise ; to exert the strength for the 
purpose of raising or bearing. 2. To jiractice theft ; [o/7s.] 

LIF'F, 77. 1. 'Fhe act of raising; a lifting. 2. An effort to 
raise ; [popular 77,<?fi.] 3. That which is to be raised. 4. 

A dead lift, an ineffectual effort to raise ; or the thing 
which the strength is not sufficient to raise. 5. Any thing 
to be done which exceeds the strength ; or a state of ina- 
bility. 6. A rise; a degree of elevation. — 7. [Snx.lyft; 
Sw. / 77 ft.] In Scottish, the sky ; the atmosphere ; the firma- 
ment.— 8. In seamen’s language, a rope descending from 
the cap and mast-head to the extremity of a yard. 

TJF'F'ED, pp. Raised ; elevated ; swelled with pride. 

LTFT'ER, 77 . One that lifts or raises. 

LIFT'ING, ppr. Raising ; swelling with pride. 

LIFI’TNG, 77 . The act of lifting ; assistance. 

t LIG, 7’. 7. To lie. [See Lie.] Chaucer. 

LIG'A-MENT, 77 . [L. Z747-a777 e77t 7777?.] 1. Any thing that ties 

or unites one thing or part to another. — 2. In anatomy, a 
strong, compact substance, serving to bind one bone to 
another. 3. Bond ; chain ; that which binds or re- 
strains. 


* See Synopsis. 


A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WTIAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


LIG 


497 


LIK 


LIG-A-MENT'AL, ) a. Composing a ligament ; of the na- 

L[G-A-MENT'OUfc3, j ture of a ligament ; binding. 

Ll-GA'TION, n. [L. ligatio.] The act of binding, or state 
of being bound. Addison. 

LIG'A-TGiiE, 71. [Fr. j L. ligatura.] 1. Any thing that 
binds ; a band or bandage. 2. The act of binding. 3. 
Impotence induced by magic. — 4. In music, a band or line 
connecting notes. — 5. Among pri/iter^, a double character, 
or a type consisting of two letters or charaters united 3 as 
Ji, Ji, in English. 6. The state of being bound. — 7. In 
■medicine, stiffness of a joint. — 8. In surgery, a cord or 
string for tying the blood vessels, particularly tlie arteries, 
to prevent hemorrhage. 

LlGH7\ (llte) n. [Sax. leoht, liht ,* D., G. lickt.] 1. That 
ethereal agent or matter which makes objects perceptible 
to the sense of seeing, but the particles of which are sepa- 
rately invisible. 2. That flood of luminous rays which 
flows from the sun, and constitutes day. d. i)ay j the 
dawn of day. 4. Life. 5. Any thing that gives light, as 
a lamp, candle, taper, lighted tower, star, &c. b. The 
illuminated part of a picture 3 opposea to shade. 7. Illu- 
mination of mind 3 instruction 3 knowledge. 8. Means 
of knowing. 9. Open view 5 a visible state. 10. Public 
view or notice. 11. Explanation 3 illustration 3 means of 
understanding. 12. Point of view 3 situation to be seen 
or viewed. 13. A window 3 a place that admits light to 
enter. 14. A pane of glass. — 15. In Scripture, God, the 
Source of knowledge. 16. Christ. John i. 17. Joy 3 
comfort 3 felicity. 18. Saving knowledge. 19. Prosperi- 
ty 3 happiness. 20. Support 3 comfort 3 deliverance. JV/ic. 
vii. 21. The gospel. Matt. iv. 22. The understanding 
or judgment. Matt. vi. 23. The gifts and graces of 
Christians. Matt. v. 24. A moral instructor, as John the 
Baptist. John v. 25. A true Christian, a person enlight- 
ened. Eph. V. 26. A good king, the guide of his people. 
Sam. xxi. — The light of the countenance, favor 3 smiles. 
Ps. iv. — To stand in one^s own light, to be the means of 
preventing good, or frustrating one’s own purposes. — To 
come to light, to be detected 5 to be discovered or found. 

LIGHT, (lite} a. 1. Bright 3 clear 3 not dark or obscure. — 2. 
In colors, white or whitish. 

LIGHT, (lite) a. [Sax. liht, leoht', D. ligt ; G.leicht; Fr. 
leger.] 1. Having little weight 3 not tending to the centre 
of gravity with force 3 not heavy. 2 Not burdensome 3 
easy to be lifted, borne or carried by physical strength. 
3. Not oppressive 3 easy to be suffered or endured. 4. 
Easy to be performed 3 not difficult; not requiring great 
strength or exertion. 5. Easy to be digested 3 not oppres- 
sive to the stomach. 6. Not heavily armed, or armed 
with light weapons. 7. Active ; swift 3 nimble. 8. Not 
encumbered 3 unembarrassed 3 clear of impediments. 9. 
Not laden ; not deeply laden ; not sufficiently ballasted. 
10. Slight 3 trifling; not important. 11. Not dense; not 
gross. 12. Small ; inconsiderable 3 not copious or vehe- 
ment. 13. Not strong 3 not violent 3 moderate. 14. Easy 
to admit influence 3 inconsiderate 3 easily influenced by 
trifling considerations ; unsteady 3 unsettled 3 volatile. 
15. Gay ; airy 3 indulging levity 3 wanting dignity or so- 
lidity ; trifling. 16. Wanton ; unchaste 3 as, a woman of 
li^ht carriage. 17. Not of legal weight 3 clipped 3 dimin- 
ished. — To set light by, to undervalue 3 to slight 3 to treat 
as of no importance 3 to despise. — To make light of, to 
treat as of little consequence 3 to slight 3 to disregard. 

LIGHT, (lite) V. t. 1. To kindle ; to inflame 3 to set fire to. 
2. To give light to. 3. To illuminate ; to fill or spread 
over with light. 4. To lighten 3 to ease of a burden 3 [065.] 

LIGHT, (lite) v. i. [Sax. lihtan, alihtan, geUhtan.] 1. To 
fall on 3 to come to by chance 3 to happen to find ; with 
on. 2. To fall on 3 to strike. 3. To descend, as from a 
horse or carriage. 4. To settle 3 to rest 3“ to stoop from 
flight. 

LIGHT, a«Zu. Lightly; cheaply. Hooker. 

LIGHT'-ARMED, a. Armed with light weapons. 

LIGHT'-BEaR-ER, 71. A torch-bearer. B. Jonson. 

LlGHT'-BRAIN, n. An empty headed person. Martin. 

LIGHT'ED, (lifted) pp. Kindled 3 set on fire 3 caused to 
burn. [Lit, for lighted, is inelegant.] 

LiGHT'EN, (ll'tn) 75 . i. [Sax. lihtan.] 1. To flash 3 to burst 
forth or dart, as lightning ; to shine with an instantaneous 
illumination. 2. To shine like lightning. 3. To fall 3 to 
light ; [o 55.] 

LIGHT'EN, (li'tn) v.t. 1. To dissipate darkness ; to fill 
with light 3 to spread over with light 3 to illuminate ; to 
enlighten. 2. To illuminate with knowledge. 3. To free 
from trouble and fill with joy. 

LIGHT'EN, (irtn) v. t. [Sax. lihtan.] 1. To make lighter ; 
to reduce in weight ; to make less heavy. 2. To allevi- 
ate ; to make less burdensome or afflictive. 3. To cheer 3 
to 

LIGHT'ER, (ll'ter) n. 1. One that lights. 2. A large, open, 
flat-bottomed boat, used in loading and unloading 
ships. 

LIGHT'ER-MAN, (ll'ter-man) n. A man who manages a 
lighter 3 a boatman. 


convey- 


LIGHT'FIN-GERED, a. Dextrous in taking and 
ing away 3 thievish 3 addicted to petty thefts. 

LIGHT'FOOT, )a. Nimble in running or dancing; 

LIGHT'FQOT-ED, i active. [LitUeusedA 

LIGHT'HEAD-ED, a. 1. Thoughtless; heedless; weak 3 
volatile 3 unsteady. 2. Disordered in the head 3 dizzy 3 
delirious. 

LIGHT HEAD-ED-NESS, 71. Disorder of the head 3 dizzi- 
ness 3 deliriousness. 

LIGHT'HEART-ED, a. Free from grief or anxiety 3 gay 3 
cheerful 3 merry. 

LIGHT'-HORSE, n. Light-armed cavalry. 

LIGHT'-HOUSE, 71 . A pharos 3 a tower or building with a 
light or number of lamps on the top intended to direct 
seamen in navigating ships at night. 

LIGHT-LEGGED, a. Nimble 3 swift of foot. Sidney. 

LIGHT-LESS, (llte'les) a. Destitute of light 3 dark. 

LIGHT-LY, (lite-ly) adv. 1. With little weight. 2. With- 
out deep impression. 3. Easily 3 readily 3 without diffi- 
culty 3 of course. 4. Without reason, or for reasons of 
little weight. 5. Without dejection 5 cheerfully. 6. Not 
chastely 3 wantonly. 7. Nimbly 3 with agility 3 not heav- 
ily or tardily. 8. Gayly 3 airily 3 with levity 3 without 
heed or care. 

LIGHT-MIND-ED, a. Unsettled 3 unsteady 3 volatile 3 not 
coiisi dsf Q.tc 

LIGHT-NESS, (llte'nes) n. 1. Want of weight 3 levity. 2. 
Inconstancy 3 unsteadiness 3 the quality of mind which 
disposes it to be influenced by trifling considerations. 3. 
Levity 3 wantonness 3 lewdness 3 unchastity. 4 Agility 3 
nimbleness. 


LIGHT-NING, (llte'ning) n. 1. A sudden discharge of elec- 
tricity from a cloud to the earth, or from the earth to a 
cloud, or from one cloud to another, producing a vivid 
flash of light, and usually a loud report, called thunder, 
2. Abatement 3 alleviation 3 mitigation. Spectator. 

LIGHT-ROOM, n. In a ship of war, a small apartment, 
having double glass windows towards the magazine, and 
containing lights by which the gunner fills cartridges. 

LIGHTS, (lites) n, plu. The lungs 3 the organs of breathing 
in animals. 

LIGHT-SOME, a. 1. Luminous ; not dark 3 not obscure. 2. 
Gay ; airy 3 cheering ; exhilarating. Hooker. 

LIGHT-SOME-NESS, n. 1. Luminousness 3 the quality of 
being light. 2. Cheerfulness 3 merriment ; levity. 

LIG-NAL'oES, 71. [L. lignum, and aloes.] Aloes-wood. 
JVumb. xxiv. 

LIG'NE-OUS, a. [L. ligneus.] Wooden 3 made of wood ; 
consisting of wood ; resembling wood. 

LIG-NI-F1 -Ca'T 10N, 71. The process of converting into 
wood, or the hard substance of a vegetable. 

LIG'NI-FORM, a. [L. lignum, and/or77i.] Like wood 3 re- 
sembling wood. Kirwan. 

LIG-NI-FY, V. t. [L. lignum and facio.] To convert into 
wood. 


LIG'Nl-FY, V. i. To become wood. 

LIG-NITE, 71. [L. Iignu 7 n.] Fossil or bituminous wood, a 
mineral combustible substance. 

LIG-NOUS, a. Ligneous. [Little used.] Evelyn. 

LIG-NUM-VI'T^, 71. [L.] Ouaiacum, or pockwood, a 
genus of plants, natives of warm climates. 

T TC^TJ T AT'P ) 

LIG'U LA-T^’d ( ligula.] Like a bandage or strap. 

LIG'URE, 71. A kind of precious stone. Ex. xxviii. 

LIG-U-RITE, n. [from Liguria.] A mineral. 

LIKE, a. [Sax. lie, gelic : Goth, leiks ; Sw. lik.] 1. Equal in 
quantity, quality or degree. 2. Similar ; resembling 3 
having resemblance. 3. Probable ; likely, that is, having 
the resemblance or appearance of an event 3 giving reason 
to expect or believe. 

LIKE, 71. [elliptically, for like thing, like person.] 1. Some 
person or thing resembling another ; an equal. 2. Had 
like, in the phrase “ he had like to be defeated,” seems to 
be a corruption ; but it is authorized by good usage. 

LIKE, ado. 1. In the same manner. 2. In a manner be- 
coming. 3. Likely 3 probably. 

LIKE, v.t. [Sax. licean, lician ; Goth, leikan.] ]. To he 
pleased with in a moderate degree ; to approve. It ex- 
presses less than love and delight. 2. To please 3 to be 
agreeable to 3 [06s.] 3. To liken ; [0&5.] 

LIKE, V. i. I. To be pleased 3 to choose 3 as, “ he may go 
or stay, as he Zifccs.” Locke. 2. To like of, to be pleased 3 
[obs.] Knolles. 

LlKE-Ll-HOOD, 71. 1. Probability ; verisimilitude 3 ap- 
pearance of’ truth or reality. 2. Appearance ; show 3 re- 
S0iiil)l^ric0 * ^ ol)s *1 

LIKE-LI-NESS, n. 1. Probability. 2. The qualities that 


please. 

LIKE-LY, a. [that is, like-like.] Probable ; that may be 
rationally thought or believed to have taken place in time 
past, or to be true now or hereafter ; such as is more 
reasonable than the contrary. 2. Such as may be liked 3 
pleasing. — In England, likely is equivalent to handsome, 
well-formed ; as a likely man, a likely horse. — In America, 


* See Syyiopsis, MOVE, BQQK, DOVE B^LL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH j TH as in this. | Obsolete, 

32 


I.IM 


498 


LIN 


the word is applied to the endowments of tlie mind, 
and a likely man denotes a man of good character and 
talents. 

LIKE'IjY, adv. Probably. Olanville. 

LiKE'MiND-ED, a. Having a like disposition or purpose. 
Rom. XV. 

LI'KEN, (ll'kn) v. t. [Sw. likna.^ Tocompare ; to represent 
as resembling or similar. 

LI'KENED, Compared. 

LIKE'NESS, n. 1. Resemblance in form ; similitude. 2. 
Resemblance ; form ; external appearance. 3. One that 
resembles another ; a copy j a counterpart. 4. An image, 
picture or statue, resembling a person or thing. 

LI KEN-ING, Comparing j representing as similar. 

LIKE'VVISE, adv. In like manner} also ; moreover; too. 

LIICING, ppr. of like. 1. Approving ; being pleased with. 
2. a. Plump ; full ; of a good appearance ; [ois.] 

LTK'ING, n. 1. A good state of body : healthful appearance ; 
plumpness. 2. State of trial ; 3. Inclination ; pleas- 

ure. 4. Delight in ; pleasure in ; with to. 

LI'LAC, n. [Fr. lilas ,* Sp. lilac.] A plant or shrub of the 
genua syringa, a native of Persia. 

LIL'A-LITE, n. A species of argillaceous earth. 

LIf..-1-A'CEOCS, a. [L. liliaceui,’.] Pertaining to lilies ; lily- 
like. Martyn. 

LIL'IED, a. Embellished with lilies. JSIilton. 

LILL, V. t. [See Loll.] Spenser. 

LILT, V. i. 1. To do any thing with dexterity or quickness ; 
[local.] Pegge. 2. To sing or play on the bagpipe. 

LIL'Y, 71. [L. Lilium.] A genus of plants of many species, 
producing flowers of great beauty and variety of colors. — 
Lily of the valley ^ a plant of the genus convaLlaria. 

LIL'Y-DAF'FO-DIL, n. A plant and flov/er. 

LIL'Y-IIAND-ED, a. Having white, delicate hands. 
Spenser. 

LIL'Y-IIY'A-CINTII, n. A plant. Miller. 

LIL'Y-LIV-ERED, a. White-livered; cowardly. Shak. 

LI-xMa'TION, 71. [L. hw?o.] The act of filing or polishing. 

LI'MA-TURE, n. [L. Iwio.j 1. A filing. 2. Filings ; parti- 
cles rubbed olf by filing. Johnson. 

LIME, (lim) 71. [itjax. Ibn ; Dan., Sw. Icm ; L. Zi/nwu.?.] 1. 
Edge or border. — 2. In a7iatomy, and in common use, an ex- 
tremity of the human body ; a member; a projecting part; 
as the arm or leg ; that is, a shoot. 3. The branch of a 
tree ; applied 07ily to a branch of some size, and 7iot to a 
small twig — 4. In botany, the border or upper spreading 
part of a monopetalous corol. 

LlMB, (lim) V. t. To supply with limbs. Milton. 2. To 
dismember ; to tear off" the limbs. 

LIM 'BAT, 71. A cooling periodical wind in Cyprus. 

t LIM'BEt^, n. [contracted from alembic.] A still. 

LIM'BEG, V. t. To strain or pass through a still. Sandys. 

LIMBED, a. In composition, formed with regard to limbs. 

LIM'BER, a. Easily bent ; flexible ; plianf; yielding. — In 
America, it is applied to material things ; as a limber rod. 

LIM'BER, 71. In a ship, a square hole cut through the 
floor timbers, as a passage for water to the pump- 
well. 

LIM'BER-NESS, n. The quality of being easily bent ; flex- 
ibleness ; pliancy. 

LIM'BERS, 71. J. A two-wheeled carriage, having boxes 
for ammunition. 2. Thills ; shafts of a carriage ; [local.] 

lilM'Bl IdTE, 71. A mineral from Limbourg in Swabia. 

LIMB'LESS, fl. Destitute of limbs. Massinger. 

LIMB'-MkAL, a. Piece-meal. Shak. 

LIM'BO, } n. [L. limbus.] 1. A region bordering on hell, 

LIM BUS, i or hell itself.* 2. A place of restraint. 

LIME, n. [Sax. lim ; Sw., Dan. lim ; L. limus.] 1. A vis- 
cous substance, sometimes laid on twigs for catching 
birds. 2. Calcarious earth, oxyd of calcium. 3. The 
linden tree. 4. [Fr. lime.] A species of acid fruit, smaller 
than the lemon. 

lAME, 7?. t. [Sax. geJiman.] 1, To smear with a viscous 
substance. " 2. To entangle ; to ensnare. 3. To manure 
vvith lime. 4. To cement. 

LlME'-BURN-ER, n. Ojie who burns stones to lime. 

LIMED, pp. Smeared with lime ; entangled ; manured with 
lime. 

LIME'-HOUND, n. A dog used in hunting the wild boar; 
a limer. Spenser. 

I.TME'-KILN, (llme'kil) ?i. A furnace in whicli stones 
or shells are exposed to a strong heat and reduced to 
lime. 

LTME'STON'E, n. Stone of which lime is made by the ex- 
pulsion of its carbonic acid, or fixed air. 

I>TME''rU^[G, 7>. A twig smeared with lime. Milton. 

JAME'TWIGGED, a. Smeared with lime. Addison. 

I.TME'WA-TER, n. Water impregnated with lime. 

LTM'ING‘"///7r. Daubing with viscous matter; entangling; 
manuring with lime. 

LIM'IT, ??. [L. /h.’ic.su] 1. Bound ; border ; utmost extent ; 
the part that terminates a thing. 2. The thing wliich 
bounds ; restraint. — 3. Limits, plu. the extent of tlie liber- 
ties of a prison. 


LIM'IT, V. t. 1. To bound ; to set bounds toi 2. To con- 
fine within certain bounds ; to circumscribe ; to restrain. 
3. To restrain from a lax or general signification. 

LIM'I-TA-BLE, a. That may be limited, circumscribed, 
bounded or restrained. Hume. 

LIM-I-Ta'NE-OUS, a. Pertaining to bounds. Diet. 

LIM-I-Ta'RI-AN, a. That limits or circumscribes. 

LIM-I-Ta'RI-AN, 71. One that limits ; one who holds the 
doctrine that a part of the human race only are to be 
saved. Huntington. 

LIM'I-TA-RY, a. Placed at the limit, as a guard. 

LIM-I-Ta'TION, 71. [L. limitatio.] 1. The act of bounding 
or circumscribing. — 2. Restriction ; restraint ; circumscrip- 
tion. 3. Restriction ; confinement from a lax, indeterm- 
inate import. 4. A certain precinct within which friars 
were allowed to beg or exercise their functions. 

LIM'IT-ED, pp. 1. Bounded ; circumscribed ; restrained. 
2. a. Narrow j circumscribed. 

LIM'IT-ED-LY^, adv. With limitation. 

LIM'IT-ED-NEfc?S, 71. State of being limited. Parker. 

LIM'IT-ER, 71. 1. He or that whicli limits or confines. 2. 
A friar licensed to beg within certain bounds, or whose 
duty was limited to a certain district. 

LIM'IT-LESS, a. Having no limits; unbounded. 

LIM'MER, 71. 1. A liinehound ; a mongrel. 2. A dog engen- 
dered between a hound and a mastilf. 3. A thill or 
shaft; [local. See Limber.] 4. A thill-horse ; [local.] 

LIMN, (lim) V. t. [Fr. enluminer ; L. lumuio.] To draw or 
paint ; or to paint in water-colors. Encyc. 

LIMNED, (liind) pp. Painted. 

LIM'NER, 71. [Fr. enhimineur ,* L. illuminator.] 1. One that 
colors or paints on paper or parcJiment ; one who deco- 
rates books with initial pictures. 2. A portrait painter. 

LIMN'ING, ppr. Drawing ; painting ; painting in water- 
colors. 

LIM'NING, 71. The act or art of drawing or painting in 
water-colors. Addison. 

LI'MOUS, a. [L. limosus.] Muddy ; slimy ; thick. 

LIMP, V. i. [Sax. lemp-healt.] To halt ; to walk lamely. 

LIMP, 71. A halt ; act of limping. 

[LIMP, a. Vapid ; weak. Walton. 

LIMP'ER, 71. One that limps. 

LIM'PET, 71. [L. lepas.] A univalve shell of the genus 
patella, adhering to rocks. 

LIM'PID, a. [L. limpidus.] Pure; clear; transparent. 

LIM'PID-NESS, 71. Clearness ; purity. 

LIMP ING, ppr. Halting ; walking lamely. 

LIMP'ING-LY, adv. Lamely ; in a halting manner. 

LIM'SY, a. [VV. llymsi.] Weak ; flexible. JVew England. 

LI'MY, a. [See Lime.] 1. Viscous; glutinous. 2. Con- 
taining lime. 3. Resembling lime ; having the qualities of 
lime. 

fLIN, V. i. [Ice. linna.] To yield. 

t LIN, 71. [Celtic.] A pool or mere. 

LINCH, 71. A ledge ; a rectangular projection. Jennings. 

LIN'COLN-GREEN, n. The color of stulf or cloth made for- 
merly at Lincoln. Spenser. 

LlNCli'PIN, 71. [Sax. fi//ii5.] A pin used to prevent the 
wheel of a carriage from sliding off the axle-tree. 

LINGT'URE, 71. [X. /i/ictii^.] Medicine taken by licking. 

LIN'DEN, or LIND, n. [Sax., Sw., Dan. lind.] The lime- 
tree, or teil-tree, of the genus tilia. Drydcn. 

LINE^ n. [L. linca ; Fr. ligne.] 1. In g-coTuciry, a quantity ex- 
tended m length, without breadth or thickness ; or a limit 
terminating a surface. 2. A slender string ; a small cord 
or rope. 3. A thread, string or cord extended to direct 
any operation. 4. Lineament ; a mark in the hand or 
face. 5. Delineation ; sketch. 6. Contour ; outline ; ex- 
terior limit of a figure. — 7. In icriting, printing, and e7i~ 
the- words and letters which stand on a level in 
one row, between one margin and another. — 8. In poetry, 
a verse, or the words which form a certain number of 
feet, according to the measure. 9. A short letter ; a note. 
10. A rank or row of soldiers, or the disposition of an 
army drawn up with an extended front ; or the like dis- 
position of a fleet prepared for engagement. 11. A trench or 
rampart ; an extended work in fortification. 12. Method; 
disposition. 13. Extension ; limit ; border. 11. Equator; 
equinoctial circle. 15. A series or succession of progeny 
or relations, descending from a common progenitor. 16. 
The twelfth part of an inch. 17. A straight extended 
mark. 18. A straight or parallel direction. 10. Occupa- 
tion ; employment ; department or course of business. 
20. Course ; direction. 21. Lint or flax. — 22. In heraldry, 
lines are the figures used in armories to divide the shield 
into diflerent parts, and to compose different figures. — 23. 
In Scripture, line signifies a cord for measuring ; also, in- 
struction, doctrine. Is. xxviii. 

A right line, a straight or direct line ; the shortest line 
that can be drawn between two points. — Horizontal 
line, a line drawn parallel to the horizon. — Equinoc- 
tial line, in geography, a great circle on the earth’s 
surface, at 90 degrees distance from each pole, and bi- 
secting the earth at that part. — In astronomy, the circle, 


* See Synopsis. A, U, T, C, 7, long.— F.\R, FALL, WHAT ;—rill!;Y FIN, MARINE, BIRD;— [Obsolete. 


LIN 


499 LIQ 


Which the sun seems to describe in Mi-irch and September, 
when the days and nights are of equal length. — Meridian 
line, an imaginary circle drawn through the two poles of 
the earth, and any part of its surface. — ji ship of the line, 
a sliip of war large enough to have a place in the line of 
battle ; a ship carrying 74 guns or more. 

LINE, V. t. [L. liman.] 1. To cover on the inside. 2. To 
put in the inside. 3. To place along by the side of any 
tiling for guarding. 4. To strengthen by additional 
works or men. 5. To cover ; to add a covering. 6. To 
strengthen with any thing added. 7. To impregnate j ap- 
plied to* irrational animals. 

LIN'E-AOE, n. [Fr. ligrtage.] Race ^ progeny ; descend- 
ants in a line from a common progenitor. 

LIN'E-AL, a. [L. linealis.] 1. Composed of lines ; deline- 
ated. 2. In a direct line from an ancestor. 3. Hereditary j 
derived from ancestors. Shak. 4. Allied by direct de- 
scent. 5. In the direction of a line. — Lineal measure, the 
. measure of length. 

LIN-E-AL'I-TY, n. The state of being in the form of a line. 
Am. Review. 

LIN'E-AL-LY, adv. In a direct line. 

LIN'E-A-MENT, n. [Fr. ; L. lineamentum.^ Feature j form j 
make j the outline or exterior of a body or figure, particu- 
larly of the face. 

LIN'e-AR, a. [L. linearisj] 1. Pertaining to a line ; consist- 
ing of lines ; in a straight direction. — 2. In botany, like a 
line ; slender j of the same breadth throughout, except at 
the extremities. 

LIN'E-ATE, a. In botany, marked longitudinally with de- 
pressed parallel lines ; as a lineate leaf. 

LIN-E-A'TION, n. Draught j delineation, which see. 
LINED, pp. Covered on the inside. 

LIN'EN, n. [L. linum ; Ir. Zia.] 1. Cloth made of flax or 
hemp. 2. An under garment. 

LINDEN, a. [L. Zineiw.J 1. Made of flax or hemp. 2. Re- 
sembling linen cloth; white ; pale. — Fossil-linen, a kind 
of amianth. 

LIN'EN-DRA-PER, n. A person who deals in linens. — 
Linener and linenman, in a like sense, are obsolete. 
LING, n. [D.leiig ; Ir. long.~\ A fish. 

LING, 71. [Ice. ling.'j A species of long grass : heath. 
LING, a Saxon termination, as in darling, firstling, denotes, 
primarily, state, condition or subject. 

LIN'GER, v.i. [Sax. leng.'\ 1. To delay ; to loiter; to 
remain or wait long ; to be slow. 2. To hesitate ; to be 
slow in deciding ; to be in suspense. 3. To remain long 
in any state. 

LIN'GER, V. t. To protract. Shak. 

LIN'GER-ER, n. One who lingers. 

LIN^GER-ING, ppr. 1. Delaying ; loitering. 2. a. Drawing 
out in time ; remaining long ; protracted. 

LIN^GER-ING, 71. A delaying; a remaining long; tardi- 
ness ; protraction. Irving. 

LIN'GER-ING-LY, adv. With delay; slowly; tediously. 
Hale. 

LIN'GET, 71. [Tr. lingot.'] A small mass of metal. 
LIN'GLE, 71. ^r. ligneul.] Shoemaker’s thread. 

HN'GO, 71. [L. Zi/iffua.] Language ; speech. [^Vulgar.'] 
tLIN-GUA'ClOUS, o. \1j. Unguaz.'] Full of tongue ; loqua- 
cious. 

LIN-GC A-DENT'AL, a. [L. lingua and Formed or 

uttered by the joint use of the tongue and teeth ; as the 
letters d and t. Holder. 

LIN-GLTA-DENT'AL, n. An articulation formed by the 
tongue and teeth. 

LIN'GUA-FORM, a. [lu. lingua d.nAform.'\ Having the form 
or shape of the tongue. Martyn. 

LIN'GUAL, a. [L. lingua.'] Pertaining to the tongue. 
LIN'GUIST, 71. [L. lingua.] A person skilled in lan- 
guages. 

? LIN'GU-LATE, a. [L. Imgulatus.] Shaped like the tongue 
or a strap. 

LING'W6RT, 71. An herb. 

LIN'GY, a. 1. Limber ; tall ; flexible. Craven dialect. 2. 

Active ; strong ; able to bear fatigue, Brackett. 
LIN'I-MENT, 71. [Fr. ; L. linimentum.] A species of soft 
ointment. 

LIN'ING, ppr. Covering on the inside, as a garment. 
LINING, 71. 1. The inner covering of any thing, as of a 
garment or a box. 2. That which is within. 

LINK, 71. \G. ^elenk'y Dan. lenke.] 1. A single ring or di- 
vision of a chain. 2. Any thing doubled and closed like a 
link. 3. A chain ; any thing connecting. 4. Any single 
constituent part of a connected series. 5. A series ; a chain. 
LINK, 71. [Gr. ; L. lychnus.] A torch made of tow 

or hards. See., and pitch. Dryden. 

LINK, V. t. ] . To complicate. 2. To unite or connect by 
something intervening or in another manner. 

LINK, V. i. To be connected. Burke. 

LINK'BOY, or LINK'MAN, n. A boy or man that carries a 
link or torch to light passengers. Gay. 

LINKED, pp. United; connected. 

LINK'ING, ppr. Uniting ; connecting. 


LIN'NET, 71. [Fr. Zmot.] A small singing bird of the genus 
firing ilia. 

LIN^SEED. See Lintseed. 

LIN'SEY-WQOL'SEY, a. Made of linen and wool ; hence, 
vile ; mean ; of different and unsuitable parts. 

LIN^SEY-WOOL'SEY, n. Stuff made of linen and wool 
mixed. 

LIN'STOGK, n. A pointed staff with a crotch or fork at 
one end, to hold a lighted match ; used in firing cannon. 

LINT, 71. [Sax. linet ; L. linteum.] Flax ; but more gener- 
ally, linen scraped into a soft substance, and used for 
dressing wounds and sores. ^ 

LINT'EL, 71. [Ft. linteau S'p. lintel.] The head -piece of a 
door-frame or window-frame ; the part of the frame that 
lies on the side pieces. 

LINT'SEfjD, n. [lint and seed ; Sax. Unsecd.] Flaxseed. 

LI'ON, 77. [Fr. ; L. /co, ZeoTiw.] 1. A quadruped of the genus 
fielis, very strong, fierce and rapacious. 2. A sign in the 
zodiac. 

LPON-ESS, 71. The female of the lion kind. 

LPON-LIKE, or LPON-LY, a. Like a lion ; fierce. 

LPON-MET-TLED, a. Having the courage and spirit of 
a lion. Hillhouse 

LPON’S FQOT, n. A plant of the genus catananche. 

LPON’S LeAF, 77. A plant of the genus leontice. 

LI'ON’S TAIL, 77. A plant of the genus Zeo7i77r775. 

LIP, 77. [Sax. lippa, lippef D, lip ; G., Dan. lippe.] I. The 
edge or border of the mouth. 2. The edge of any thing. — 
3. In botany, one of the two opposite divisions of a labiate 
corol. — To make a lip, to drop the under lip in sullennesa 
or contempt. 

LIP, V. t. To kiss. Shak. 

LIP-DE-VO'TION, 77, Prayers uttered by the lips without 
the desires of the heart. 

LIP'-GOQD, a. Good in profession only. B. Jonson. 

LIP'-LA-BOR, 77. Labor or action of the lips without con- 
currence of the mind ; words without sentiments. 

LIP^O-GRAM, 77. [Gr. Xhttci) and ypappa.] A writing in 
which a single letter is wholly omitted. 

LIP-O-GRAM'MA-TIST, 77. One who writes any thing, 
dropping a single letter. Addison. 

LI-POTH'Y-MOUS, a. Swooning ; fainting. 

LI-POTH'Y-MY, 77. [Gr. \enrodvuia.] A fainting; a swoon. 

LIPPED, a. ]. Having lips. — 2. In botany, labiate. 

LIPTI-TUDE, 77. [L. lippitudo.] Soreness of eyes ; bleared- 
ness. Bacon. 

LIP'-WIS-DOM, 77. Wisdom in talk without practice ; wis- 
dom in words not supported by experience. 

LIQ-'UA-BLE, a. That may be melted. 

LI-Q,UA'TION, 77. [L. liquatio.] 1 . The act or operation of 
melting. 2. The capacity of being melted. 

LI'OUATE, V. i. [L. liquo.] To melt ; to liquefy ; to be dis- 
solved. [LittZe i75cd.] Woodward. 

LIQ, -UE-FA€'TION, n. [L. liquefactio.] 1. The act or op- 
eration of melting or dissolving ; the conversion of a solid 
into a liquid by the sole agency of heat or caloric. 2. The 
state of being melted. 

LICl'UE-Fl-A-BLE, a. That may be melted, or changed 
from a solid to a liquid state. Bacon. 

LICl'UE-FI-ER, 77. That which melts any solid substance. 

LIQ,'UE-F'Y, V. t. [Fr. liquefier.] To melt ; to dissolve ; to 
convert from a fixed or solid form to that of a liquid ; to 
melt by the sole agency of heat or caloric. 

LIQ,'UE-FY, V. i. To be melted ; to become liquid. 

LIQ,'UE-FY-ING, ppr. Melting; becoming liquid. 

LI-Q,UES'CEN-CY, n. [L. liquescentia.] Aptness to melt. 

LI-Q,UES'CENT, a. Melting ; becoming fluid. 

LI-dUECR', (le-kure') v. [Fr.] A spirituous cordial. 

LICl'UID, (lik'wid) a. [L. liqmdus.] Fluid ; flowing or ca- 
pable of flowing ; not fixed or solid. But liquid is not pre- 
cisely synonymous with^M7<Z. Mercury and air are fluid, 
but not liquid. 2. Soft ; clear ; flowing ; smooth. 3. Pro- 
nounced without any jar; smooth. 4. Dissolved; not 
obtainable by law ; [ 0 & 5 .] 

LIQ,'UID, 77. 1. A fluid or flowing substance ; a substance 
whose parts change their relative position on the slightest 
pressure, and which flows on an inclined plane. — 2. In 
grammar, a letter which has a smooth flowing sound, or 
which flows smoothly after a mute ; as Z and r, in bla, 
bra. Jl/ and 77 are also called liquids. 

LIQ.*UI-DATE, V. t. [Fr. liquider ; L. liquido.] 1. To clear 
from all obscurity. 2. To settle ; to adjust ; to ascertain 
or reduce to precision in amount. 3. To pay ; to settle, 
adjust and satisfy ; as a debt. 

LlGt'UI-DA-TED, pp. Settled ; adjusted ; reduced to cer- 
tainty ; paid. 

LIQ,'UI-DA-TING, ppr. Adjusting ; ascertaining ; paying. 

LICl-UI-DA'TION, 77. The act of settling and adjusting 
debts, or ascertaining their amount or the balance due. 

Lia'UI-DA-TOR, 77. He or that which liquidates or settles. 
E. Everett. 

LI-aUID'I-TY, 77. [Fr. liquidite.] 1. The quality of being 
fluid or liquid. 2. Thinness. 

Lld'UID-NESS, 77. The quality of being liquid ; fluency. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


LIT 


500 


( 


LIT 


lilQ-'UOR, (lik'ur) n, [Fr. liqueur ; L. liquor.] A liquid or 
fluid substance ; commonly applied to spirituous fluids. 
LlCi'CIOR, t. To moisten j to drench. [L. it.] Bacon. 
LfCl'UOR-ICE. Sec Licorice. 

LIS'BON, n. A species of wine exported from Lisbon. 

LISH, a. Stout; active ; strong; nimble. Orose. 
LIll'l-€ON-FAN-CY, n. A flower. 

LIR'I-POOP, n. [Fr. liripipion.] The hood of a graduate. 

L LISNE, n. A cavity or hollow. Hale. 

ISP, V. i. [G. lispeln ; D. lispen ; Sax. vlisp, or vlips.] To 
speak with a particular articulation of the tongue and 
teeth, nearly as in pronouncing tli. 

LISP, V. t. To pronounce with a lisp. 

LISP, 71. The act of lisping, as in uttering an aspirated tk for s. 
LISP'ER, 71. One that lisps. 

LISP^ING, ppr. Uttering with a lisp. 

LISP'ING-LY, adv. WitJi a lisp. Holder. 

LIS'SOM, a. [probably from Sax. lesan.] Limber ; supple ; 
relaxed ; loose ; free. 

LIST, 71. [Sax., Sw. list', It., Sp. lista ; Fr., Dan. 1. 

In commerce, the border, edge or selvage of cloth ; a strip 
of cloth forming the border. 2. A line inclosing or form- 
ing the extremity of a piece of ground, or field of combat ; 
lienee, the ground or field inclosed for a race or combat. 
3. A limit or boundary ; a border. — 4. In architecture, a 
little square molding ; a fillet ; called also a listel. 5. A 
roll or catalogue, that is, a row or line. 6. A strip of 
cloth ; a fillet. — Civil list, in Or eat Britain und the United 
States, the civil officers of government, as judges, embas- 
sadors, secretaries, <Stc. Hence it is used for the revenues 
or appropriations of public money for the support of the 
civil officers. 

LIST, V. t. 1. To enroll ; to register in a list or catalogue ; 
to enlist. 2. To engage in the public service, as soldiers. 
Dryden. 3. To inclose for combat. 4. To sew together, as 
strips of cloth ; or to form a border. 5. To cover with a 
list, or with strips of cloth. 6. To hearken ; to attend. 
LIST, V. i. To engage in public service by enrolling one’s 
name ; to enlist. 

LIST, V. i. [Sax. lystan.] Properly, to lean or incline ; to 
be propense ; hence, to desire or choose. 

LIST, 71. In the language of seamen, an inclination to one 
side ; as, the ship has a list to port. 

LIST'ED, pp. 1. Striped ; particolored in stripes. 2. Cov- 
ered with list. 3. Inclosed for combat. 4. Engaged in 
public service ; enrolled. 

LIST'EL, 71. A list in architecture ; a fillet. Encyc. 
LIST'EN, (lis'n) v.i. [Sax. lystan or hlijstan.] 1. To heark- 
en ; to give ear ; to attend closely with a view to hear. 2. 
To obey ; to yield to advice ; to follow admonition. 
LIST'EN, (lis'n) v. t. To hear ; to attend. Shah. 
LIST'EN-ER, n. One who listens ; a hearkener. 

LIST'ER, 71. One v/ho makes a list or roll. 
fLIST'FUL, a. Attentive. Spenser. 

LIST'ING, ppr. Inclosing fur combat; covering with list; 
enlisting. 

LIST'LESS, a. Not listening ; not attending ; heedless ; 

inattentive ; thoughtless ; careless. 

LIST'LESS-LY, ado. Without attention ; heedlessly. 
LIST'LESS-NESS, 7i. Inattention ; heedlessness ; indiffer- 
ence to what is passing and may be interesting. 

LIT, pret. of light ; as, the bird lit on a tree. [Inelegant.] 
LIT'A-NY, 71. [Fr. litanie ; Gr. Xtravaa.] A solemn form of 
supplication, used in public worship, 
t LITE, 71. A little ; a small portion. Chaucer. 
t LITE, a. Little. 

LI'TRE, or Ll'TER, n. [Fr. litre.] A French measure of 
capacity ; equal to nearly 2J wine pints. 

LIT'ER-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. litera.] 1. According to the letter ; 
primitive ; real ; not figurative or metaphorical. 2. Fol- 
lowing the letter or exact words; not free. 3. Consisting 
of letters. 

t LIT'ER-AL, 71. Literal meaning. Brown. 
LIT'ER-AL-ISM, n. That which accords with the letter. 
LIT-ER-AL'I-TY, n. Original or literal meaning. Brown. 
LIT'ER-AL-LY, ado. 1. According to the primary and 
natural import of words ; not figuratively. 2. With close 
adherence to words ; word by word. 

LIT'ER-A-RY, a. [L. literarius.] 1. Pertaining to letters or 
literature ; respecting learning or learned men. 2. De- 
rived from erudition. 3. Furnished with erudition ; versed 
in letters. 4. Consisting in letters, or written or printed 
compositions. 

LIT'ER-ATE, a. [L. literatus.] Learned; lettered; in- 
structed in learning and science. Johnson. 

LIT-ER-a'TI, 71. pin. [L. literatus.] The learned ; men of 
erudition. Spectator. 

LIT'ER-A-TOR, n. [L.] A petty school-master. Burke. 
LIT'ER-A-TURE, 71. [L. literatura.] Learning ; acquaint- 
ance with letters or books. 

|LITH, 71. [Sax.] A joint or limb. Chaucer. 
LI-THAN'TIIRAX, 77. [Gr. and avdpa^.] Stone-coal. 
LITH'ARGE, n. [Fr.] A semi-vitreous oxyd of lead. 


LITHE, a. [Sax. lith, lithe ; W. llyth.] That maybe easily 
bent ; pliant ; flexible ; limber. Milton. 

t LITHE, V. t. 1. To smooth ; to soften ; to palliate. Chau- 
cer. 2. To listen. See Listen. 

LITHE'NESS, n. Flexibility ; limberness. 

LITHE'SOME, a. Pliant ; nimble ; limber. Scott. 

I LiTH'ER, a. 1. Soft ; pliant. Shak. 2. [Sax. lythr.] Bad ; 
corrupt. Woolton. 

t LITH'ER-LY, adv. Slowly ; lazily. Barret. 

t LiTH'ER-NESS, n. Idleness; laziness. Barret. 

LITH'I-A, 71. A new alkali, found in a mineral called peta- 
litc, of which the basis is a metal called lithium. 

LITII'I-ATE, 71. [Gr. Xi0o5.] A salt or compound formed 
by the lithic acid combined with a base. 

LITH'IC, a. Pertaining to the stone in the bladder. 

LITH-O-BIB'LI-ON. See Lithophvl. 

LITH'O-CARP, 77. [Gr. and Kapnog.] Fossil fruit; 

fruit petrified. Viet. JSTat. Hist. 

LITH'O-COL-LA, n. [Gr. \i6og and xoXXa.] A cement 
that unites stones, .dsh. 


LITH-O-DEN'DRON, n. [Gr. Xi0of and SevSpov-] Coral. 
LITH-O-GEN'E-SY, 77. [Gr. 'Xidug and yeveaig.] The doc- 
trine or science of the origin of minerals. 
LITH-O-GLYPH'ITE, n. [Gr. Xt0oj and yXu0w.] A fossil. 
LI-THOG'RA-PHER, n. One who practices lithography. 

LITH-O-GRAPHH-c’aL, j lithography. 

LlTH-0-GRAPH'I-CAL-LY, adv. By the lithographic art. 
LI-THOG'RA-PHY, 77. [Gr. XiOog and ypa(po).] The art of 
engraving, or of tracing letters, figures or other designs on 
stone, and of transferring them to paper by impression. 
LITH-O-LOG'ie, I a. Pertaining to the science of 
LITH-O-LOG'I-CAL, \ stones. 

LI-TH0L'0-GIS7’, n. A person skilled in the science of 
stones. 


Ll-TH0L'0-6Y, ti. [Gr. \i6og and Xoyoj.] 1. The science 
or natural history of stones. 2. A treatise on stones found 
in the body. Coze. 

LITH'O-MAN-CY, 77 . [Gr. X(0oj and yavreia.] Divination 
or prediction of events by means of stones, brown. 

LITH-O-MAR'GA, ) 77 . [Gr. \iQog, and L. marga.] An earth 

LITH'O MARGE, j of two species. 

LITH-ON-TRIP'TIC, a. [Gr. liQog and TptjSw.] Having the 
quality of dissolving the stone in the bladder or kidneys. 

LITH-0N-TRIP'TI€, 77. A medicine which has the power 
of dissolving the stone in the bladder or kidneys. 

LITH'ON-TRfP-TOR, or LITH'O-TRIT-OR, 77. An instru- 
ment for triturating the stone in the bladder. 

LITH'ON-TRIP-TY, or LTTH'O-TRIT-Y, 77. The opera- 
tion of triturating the stone in the bladder. 

LI-THOPH'A-GOUS, a. [Gr. \iBog and 0ayw.] Eating or 
swallowing stones or gravel, as the ostrich. 

LITH'O-PHOS-PHOR, 77. [Gr. Xieoj and (pioatpopog.] A 
stone that becomes phosphoric by heat. 

LITH-0-PH0S-PH0R'I€, a. Pertaining to lithophosphor ; 
becoming phosphoric by heat. 

LITH'O-PHYL, 77. [Gr. Xt0of and <pvXXov.] Bibliolite or 
lithobiblion, fossil leaves. 

LITH'O-PHYTE, 77. [Gr. 'XiOog and (pyrov.] Stone-coral. 

LITH-0-PHYT'I€, a. Pertaining to lithophytes. 

LITH'O-PHYT-OUS, a. Pertaining to or consisting of lith- 
ophytes. 

LITH'OTOME, n. [Gr. "Xidog and reyvo).] A stone so 
formed naturally as to appear as if cut artificially. 

LITH-0-T0M'I€, a. Pertaining to or performed by lithoto- 


my. 

Ll-THOT'O-MIST, n. One who performs the operation of 
cutting for the stone in the bladder. 

LI-THOT'O-MY, 77. [Gr. \iOog and reyvo).] The operation, 
art or practice of cutting for the stone in the bladder. 

LI-THOX'YLE, n. [Gr. Xi0of and |vXov.] Petrified wood. 

LI'THY, a. Easily bent; pliable. 

LIT'I-GANT, a. Contending in law ; engaged in a lawsuit. 

LIT'I-GANT, 77. A person engaged in a lawsuit. 

LIT'I-GATE, V. t. [L. litigo.] To contest in law ; to prose- 
cute or defend by pleadings, exhibition of evidence, and 
judicial debate. 

LIT'I-GATE, V. i. To dispute in law ; to carry on a suit by 
judicial process. 

LIT'I-GA-TED, pp. Contested judicially. 

LIT'I-GA-TING, ppr. Contesting inlaw. 

LIT-I-Ga'TION, 77. The act or process of carrying on a 
suit in a court of law or equity for the recovery of a right 
or claim ; a judicial contest. 

LI-TlG'IOUS,o. [Fr. litigicux ,* L. litigiosus.] 1. Inclined to 
judicial contest ; given to the practice of contending in 
law ; quarrelsome ; contentious. 2. Disputable ; contro- 
vertible ; subject to contention. 

LI-TIG'IOUS-LY, adv. In a contentious manner. 

LI-TIG'IOUS-NESS, 77. A disposition to engage in or to 
carry on lawsuits ; inclination to judicial contests. 


* See Sytiopsis. A, E, I, 0, C, T, FALL, WH,J.T ;-PEEY J-FLV, MARINE, BIRD t OMHe 


LIV 


501 


LOA 


LIT'MUS, or LAC'JfUS, n. A blue pigment, formed from 
archil, a species of lichen. See Archil. 

LIT'ORN, n. A bird, a species of thrush. 

LIT'OTE, n. [Gr. Xtroj.] Diminution ; extenuation. 

LIT'TEN, 71. [Sax. lictun.] A place where the dead are re- 
posited. 

LIT'TER, 71. [Fr. litiere.] 1. A vehicle formed with shafts 
supporting a bed between them, in which a person may 
be borne by men or by a horse. 2. Straw, hay or other 
soft substance, used as a bed for horses and for other pur- 
poses. 3. [Ice. lider.] A brood of young pigs, kittens, 
puppies, or other quadrupeds. 4. A birth of pigs or other 
small animals. 5. Waste matters, shreds, fragments and 
the like, scattered on a floor or other clean place. 

LIT TER, v.t. 1. To bring forth young, as swine and other 
small quadrupeds. 2. To scatter over carelessly with 
shreds, fragments and the like. 3. To cover with straw 
or hay. 4. To supply with litter. 

LIT'TERED, pp. 1. Furnished with straw. 2. a. Covered 
or overspread with litter. 

LIT'TLE, a. ,• comp. Zess, lesser ; sup. least. [Sax. lytel, 
lytle ; Scot, lite, ZyZe.] 1. Small in size or extent ; not 
great or large. 2. Short in duration. 3. Small in quan- 
tity or amount. 4. Of small dignity, power or importance. 
5. Of small force or effect ; slight ; inconsiderable. 

LIT'TLE, n. i. A small quantity or amount. 2. A small 
space. 3. Any thing small, slight, or of inconsiderable 
importance. 4. Not much. 

LIT'TLE, ady. In a small degree ; slightly. 2. Not much; 
in a small quantity or space of time. 3. In some degree 
slightly 3 sometimes preceded by a. 

LIT'TLE-NESS, n. ]. Smallness of size or bulk. 2. Mean- 
ness 3 want of grandeur. 3. Want of dignity. 4. Mean- 
ness 3 penuriousness. 

LIT'TO-RAL, a. [L. littoralis.'] Belonging to a shore. [L. w.] 

LIT'U-ITE, n. A fossil shell. 

LI-TUR'GIC, 

LI-TUR/GI-CAL, 


a. Pertaining to a liturgy. 


LIT'UR-GY, 71. [Fr. liturgie ; Sp., It. liturgia.] In a gen- 
eral sense, all public ceremonies that belong to divine 
service 3 hence, among the Romanists, the mass 3 and 
among Protestants, the common prayer, or the formulary 
of public prayers. 

LIVE, (liv) V. i. [Sax. liban, leofan, lifian ; Goth, liban.] 
1. To abide 3 to dwell 3 to have settled residence in any 
place. 2. To continue 3 to be permanent 3 not to perish. 
3. To be animated 3 to have the vital principle. 4. To 
have the principles of vegetable life. 5. To pass life or 
time in a particular manner, with regard to habits or con- 
dition. 6 . To continue in life 3 as, the way to live long is 
to be temperate. 7. To live, emphatically 3 to enjoy life 3 
to be in a state of happiness. 8 . To feed 3 to subsist 3 to 
be nourished and supported in life. 9. To subsist 3 to be 
maintained in life 3 to be supported. 10. To remain un- 
destroyed 3 to float 3 not to sink or founder. 11. To exist 3 
to have being. — 12. In Scripture, to be exempt from death, 
temporal or spiritual. 13. To recover from sickness 3 to 
have life prolonged. John iv. 14. To be inwardly quick- 
ened, nourished and actuated by divine influence or faith. 
Oal. ii. 15. To be greatly refreshed, comforted and ani- 
mated. 16. To appear as in life or reality 3 to be mani- 
fest in real character. — To live with. 1 . To dwell or to be 
a lodger with. 2. To cohabit 3 to have intercourse, as 
male and female. 

LIVE, (liv) V. t. 1. To continue in, constantly or habitual- 
ly. 2. To act habitually in conformity to. 

LIVE, a. 1. Having life 3 having respiration and other or- 
ganic functions in operation, or in a capacity to operate 3 
not dead. 2. Having vegetable life. 3. “ 
ignited 3 not extinct. 4. Vivid, as color, 
f Live, 71. Life. 

fLIVE'LESS. See Lifeless. 

LIVE'LI-HOOD, 71. [lively and hood."] Means of living 
support of life 3 maintenance. 

LTVE'LI-LY. Sec Lively. 


Containing fire , 


*0 ) 


LIVE'LI-NESS, 71. 1. The quality or state of being lively or 
animated 5 sprightliness 3 vivacity 3 animation 3 spirit. 2 . 
An appearance of life, animation or spirit. 3. Briskness 3 
activity 5 effervescence, as of liquors. 

t Ll VE'LODE, for Ziue/i/ioo^Z. Hubberd’s Tale. 

LIVE'LONG, (liv'long) a. [live and long.^ 1. Long in pass- 
ing. 2. Lasting 3 durable 3 [oZ» 5 .] 3. A plant of the genus 
sedum.. 

LIVE'LY, a. 1. Brisk 3 vigorous 3 vivacious 3 active. 2. 
Gay 5 airy. 3. Representing life. 4. Animated 3 spirit- 
ed. 5. Strong 3 energetic. 

LIVE'LY, adv. 1. Briskly 3 vigorously 5 [Z. 7 t.] Haijward. 
2 . With strong resemblance of life 3 [Z. m.] Dryden. 

JjIV'ER, 71. One who lives. Prior. 

LIV'ER, 71. [Sax. lifer, lifre.] A viscus or intestine of con- 
siderable size and of a reddish color. 

LIV'ER-C 6 L-OR, a. Dark red 3 of the color of the liver. 

LIV'ERED, a. Having a liver 3 as, white-livered. 

LIV'ER-GRoWN, a. Having a large liver. Oraunt. 


LIV'ER-STONE, n. [G. leber-stein.‘\ A stone. 

LIV'ER- W'ORT, 71. Tlie name of many species of plants. 

LIV'ER-Y, 71. [Norm. 3 Fr. Zfure?*.] 1 . The act of delivering 
possession of lands or tenements 3 a term of English law. 
2. Release from wardship 3 deliverance. 3. The writ by 
which possession is obtained. 4. The state of being kept 
at a certain rate. 5. A form of dress by which noblemen 
and gentlemen distinguish their servants. 6 . A particular 
dress or garb, appropriate or peculiar to particular times or 
things. 7. The whole body of liverymen in London. 

LIV'ER-Y, v. t. To clothe in livery. Shak. 

LIV'ER-Y-MAN, n. 1. One who wears a livery 3 as a ser- 
vant. — 2. In Londo7i, a freeman of the city, of some dis- 
tinction. 

LIV'ER-Y-STa'BLE, 71. A stable where horses are kept for 
hire. 

LIVES, 71 . ; plu. of Life. 

LIVE'STOCK, 71. Horses, cattle and smaller domestic ani- 
mals 3 a term applied in America to such animals as may 
be exported alive for foreign market. 

LIV'ID, a. [Fr. livide ; L. lividus.'\ Black and blue 3 of a 
lead color 3 discolored, as flesh by contusion. 

LI-VID'I-TY } 

LIV'ID-NESS 1 ^ color, like that of bruised flesh. 

LIV'ING,ppr. 1. Dwelling 3 residing 3 existing 3 subsisting ; 
having life, or the vital functions in operation 3 not dead. 
2. a. Issuing continually from the earth 3 running 3 flow- 
ing. 3. a. Producing action, animation and vigor 3 quick- 
ening. 

LIV'ING, n. He or those who are alive 3 usually with a 
plural signification. 

LIV'ING, 71. Means of subsistence 3 estate. 2. Power of 
continuing life. 3. Livelihood. 4. The benefice of a 
clergyman. 

LIVflNG-LY, adv. In a living state. Brown. 

LI-VON'I-€A TER'RA, 71. A species of fine bole found in 
Livonia. 

Li'VRE, 'll'vur) n. [Fr. 3 L. libra.'] A French money of 
account, equal to 20 sous, or 10 pence sterling. 

LIX-IV'I-AL, or LIX-IV'l-OUS, a. [L. ZZximtt^.] 1. Ob- 
tained by lixiviation 3 impregnated with alkaline salt. 2 . 
Containing salt extracted from the ashes of wood. 3. Of 
the color of lye 3 resembling lye. 4. Having the qualities 
of alkaline salts from wood ashes. 

LIX-IV'I-ATE, ) a. 1. Pertaining to lye or lixivium 3 of 

LIX-IV'I-A-TED, ) the quality of alkaline salts. 2. Im- 
pregnated with salts from wood ashes. 

LIX-IV'I-ATE, V. t. [L. lixivia, lixivium.] To form lye 3 to 
impregnate with salts from wood ashes. 

LIX-IV-I-a'TION, 71. The process of extracting alkaline 
salts from ashes by pouring water on them. 

LIX-IV'I-UM, 77 . [^Ij.] Lye 3 water impregnated with alka- 
line salts imbibed from wood ashes. 

LIZ'ARD, 77 . [Fr. lezarde ; L. lacertus.] In zoology, a ge- 
nus of amphibious animals, called lacerta, and compre- 
hending the crocodile, alligator, chameleon, salamander, &c. 

LIZ'ARD-TaIL, 77. A plant of the genus saururus. 

LL. D. Letters standing for Doctor of Laws, the title of an 
honorary degree. 

LO, exclam. [Sax. la.] Look 3 see 3 behold 3 observe. 

LoACH, or LoCHE, n. [Fr. loche.] A small fish of the ge- 
nus cobitis, inhabiting small clear streams. 

Load, n. [Sax. hlad, or lade.] 1. A burden 3 that which is 
laid on or put in any thing for conveyance. 2. Any heavy 
burden 3 a large quantity borne or sustained. 3 . That 
which is borne with pain or difficulty 3 a grievous weight 3 
encumbrance 3 in a literal sense. 4. Weight or violence 
of blows. 5. A quantity of food or drink that oppresses, 
or as much as can be borne. — 6 . Among miners, the quan- 
tity of nine dishes of ore, each dish being about half a 
hundred weight. 

Load, v. t. ; pret. and pp. loaded ; [loaden, formerly used, 
is obsolete.] 1. To lay on a burden 3 to put on or in some- 
thing to be carried, or as much as can be carried. 2 . To 
encumber 3 to lay on or put in that which is borne with 
pain or difficulty. 3. To make heavy by something added 
or appended. 4. To bestow or confer on in great abund- 
ance. 

LoAD'ED, pp. 1. Charged with a load or cargo 3 having a 
burden. 2. Burdened with any thing oppressive. 

LoAD'ER, 77. One who puts on a load. 

LoAD'ING, ppr. Charging with a load 3 burdening 3 en- 
cumbering 3 charging, as a gun. 

LoAD'ING, 77. A cargo 3 a burden 3 also, any thing that 
makes part of a load. 

t LoAD'M AN-AGE, n. Pilotage 5 skill of a pilot. 

t LoADS'MAN, n. [load and man.] A pilot. 

f LoAD'STAR, or LoDE'STAR, n. [lead nndi star.] The 
star that leads 3 the polestar 3 the cynosure. 

LoAD'STONE, n. [from the verb lead and stone. The old 
orthography, lodestone, is most correct.] The native mag- 
net, an ore of iron in the lowest state of oxydation, which 
has the power of attracting metallic iron. See Lodestone. 

LoAF, 77. / plu. Loaves. [Sax. hlaf, or laf.] 1. A mass of 


♦ Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 5 — BIJLI., UNITE.—C as K 3 0 as J 5 S as Z 5 CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


LOC 


50Q 


LCD 


bread when baked. 2. A mass or lamp, as of sugar. 3. 
Any thick mass. 

LOAF'-SUG-AR, (lofe'shjjg-ar) n. Sugar refined and formed 
into a conical mass. 

LoAM, 71. [Sax. iuTTi ; D. leem.] A natural mixture of sand 
and clay with oxyd of iron ; a species of earth or soil of 
different colors. 

LoAM, V. t. To cover with loam. Mozcri. 

LoAM'Y, a. Consisting of loam j partaking of the nature of 
loam, or resembling it. 

LOAN, n. [^ax. Zicn, 1. Tlie act of lending j a lend- 

ing. 2. That which is le"nt. 3. Something furnished for 
temporary use, on the condition that it shall be returned 
or its equivalent, but with a compensation for the use. 4. 
A furnishing ; permission to use ; grant of the use. 

LOAN, V. t. [Sax. Icenan; G. lehnen.] To lend ; to deliver 
to another for temporary use ; or to deliver for temporary 
use, on condition that an equivalent in kind shall be re- 
turned, with a compensation for the use, as in the case of 
money at interest. Ramsaij. Kent. 

LOAN'-OF-FICE, n. In Ameynca^ a public office in which 
loans of money are negotiated for the public. 

LoAN'-OF-FI-CER, n. A public officer emixiwered to su- 
perintend and transact the business of a loan-office. 

LoATH, 1 a. [Sax. lath^ lathian. See Loth.] Disliking j 

LOTH, j unwjlling ; reluctant. 

LOATHE, } V. t. To hate ; to look on with hatred or abhor- 

LoTHE, i rence j particularhjy to feel disgust at food or 
drink. Sec Lothe. 

LOATH'ER, n. One that loathes. 

LoATH'FIJL, a. 1. Hating ; abhorring through disgust. 2. 
Abhorred ; hated. Spenser. 

LOATH'ING, ppr. Hating from disgust ; abhorring. 

LoATH'ING-LY, adr. In a fastidious manner. 

LoATIFLI-NESS, n. The quality of exciting disgust or 
abhorrence. 

t LoATIFLY, n. Hateful ; c.xcitiiig hatred. Spenser. 

LoATH'LY, adv. Unwillingly ; reluctantly. See I othlt. 

LoATH'NESS, yi. Unwillingness ; reluctance. See Loth- 
ness. 

LOATH'SOME, a. 1. Disgusting; exciting disgust. 2. 
Hateful ; abhorred ; detestable. 3. Causing fastidiousness. 
See Lothesome. 

LOATH'SoME-LY, adv. In a loathsome manner. 

LoATH'S6ME-NESS, 7i. The quality which excites dis- 
gust, hatred or abhorrence. Addison. 

LoAVES, 71 . pin. of Loaf. 

LOB, 71. [W. llob.] 1. A dull, heavy, sluggish person. 2. 
Something thick and heavy. Waltoyy. 

LOB, V. t. To let fall heavily or lazily. Shah. 

Lo'BATE, or L6BED, a. Consisting of lobes. — In botany^ 
divided to the middle into parts distant from each other, 
witli convex margins. May'tyyi. 

LOB'BY, n. 1. An opening before a room, or an entrance 
into a principal apartment, where there is a considerable 
space between that and the portico or vestibule. 2. A 
small hall or waiting room. 3. A small apartment taken 
from a hall or entry. — 4. In a s/up, an apartment close be- 
fore the captain’s cabin. — 5. In apiculture, a confined 
place for cattle, formed by hedges, trees or otJier fencing, 
near the farm-yard. 

LOB'COCK, 71. A sluggish, stupid, inactive person ; a lob. 
Breton. 

LOBE, 71. [Fr. lobe.] 1. A part or division of the lungs, liv- 
er, «Scc. 2. The lower, .soft part of the ear. 3. A division 
of a simple leaf. 4. The cotyledon or placenta of a seed. 

LOBED, a. Lobale, which see. 

LOB'LOL-LY, n. A kind of seafaring dish. Chambers. 

LOBS'POUND, 71. A prison. Hudibras. 

LOB'STER, w. [Sax. loppcstre, or lopijstre.] A crustaceous 
fish of the genus cancer. 

LOB'ULE, n. [Sp. lobydo.] A small lobe. 

LC'CAL, a. [Fr., Sp. /ocflZ ; L. /oca/w.] 1. Pertaining to 
a place, or to a fixed or limited portion of space. 2. Lim- 
ited or confined to a spot, place, or definite district. — 3. 
In la iD, local actions are such as must be brought in a par- 
ticular county, where the cause arises. 

LO-GAL'I-TY, 71. 1. Existence in a place, or in a certain 
portion of space. 2. Limitation to a county, district or 
place. 3. Position ; situation ; place ; particularly, geo- 
graphical place or situation. 

LO'€AL-LY, adv. With respect to place ; in place. 

L5'€ATE, V. t. [L. loco, locatyis.] 1. To place ; to set in a 
particular spot or position. Cyimbci'land. 2. To select, 
survey and settle the bounds of a particular tract of land ; 
or to designate a portion of land by limits. United States. 
3. To designate and determine the place of. .V. England. 

Iifi'GA-TED, pp. Placed ; situated ; fixed in place. 

Lo'€A-TING, ppr. Placing ; designating the place of. 

I.O-CA'TION, 71. J. The act of placing, or of designating 
the place of. 2. Situation with respect to place. 3. I’kat 
which is located ; a tract of land designated in place. U. 
States. — 4. In the civil law, a leasing on rent. 


LOUH, 77. [Gaelic.] A lake ; a bay or arm of the sea ; used 
in Scotla77d. 

LOCH, 71. Loch, or lohock, is an Arabian name for the forms 
of medicines called eclegmas, lambatives, linctyires, and 
the like. 

LOCH'AGE, 71. [Gr, Xoxayog.] In Greece, an officer wlio 
commanded a lochus or cohort. Mitford. 

LOCHE. See Loach. 

L5'€HI-A, 71. [Gr. Xo^aa.] Evacuations which follow 
childbirth. 

LO'€HI-AL, a. Pertaining to evacuations from the womb 
after childbirth. 

LO€K, n. [Sax. loc, or loce.l 1. An instrument used to fas- 
ten doors, chests and the like. 2. The part of a musket 
or fowling-piece or other fire-arm, which contains the 
pan, trigger, &c. 3. The barrier or works of a canal, 
which confine the water. 4. A grapple in wrestling. 5. 
Any inclosure. 6. A tuft of hair ; a plexus of wool, hay 
or other like substance ; a flock ; a ringlet of hair. 

LO€K>-KEEP-ER, n. One who attends the locks of a canal. 

LOGK/-PAD-DLE, n. A small sluice that serves to fill and 
empty a lock. 

LOCK'-SIL, 71. An angular piece of timber at the bottom of 
a lock, against which the gates shut. 

LO€K^-WEIR, 71. A paddle-weir, in canals. 

LOCK, V. t. 1. To fasten with a particular instrument. 2. 
To shut up or confine, as with a lock. 3. To close fast. 
4. To embrace closely. 5. To furnish with locks, as a 
canal. 6. To confine ; to restrain. — 7. In fencing, to 
seize the sword-arm of an antagonist. 

LOCK, V. i. 1. To become fast. 2. To unite closely by 
mutual insertion. Boyjle. 

LOGK'AGE, 71. 1. Materials for locks in a canal. 2. Works 
which form a lock on a canal. 3. Toll paid for passing 
the locks of a canal. 

LOCKED, pp. Made fast by a lock ; furnished with a lock 
or locks ; closely embraced. 

LOCK'ER, n. A close place, as a drawer or an apartment in 
a ship, that may be closed with a lock. 

LOCK'ET, n. [Fr. loguet.] A small lock ; a catch or spring 
to fasten a necklace or other ornament. 

LOCK'RAM, 71. A sort of coarse linen. Hanmer. 

LOCK 'RON, 71. A kind of ranunculus. 

LOCK'SMITH, n. An artificer whose occupation is to make 
locks. 

LOCK'Y, a. Having locks or tufts. Sherwood. 

LO-CO-M(5'TION, 7i. [L. locyis and motio.] 1. The act of 
moving from place to place. 2. The power of moving 
from place to place. 

LO-CO-MO'TIVE, a. Moving from place to place ; changing 
place, or able to change place. 

L0-€0-M0-TIV'I-TY, n. The power of changing place. 

LOC'U-LA-MENT, n. [L. loculamentum.] In botayiy, the 
cell of a pericarp in which the seed is lodged. 

Lo'CUST, 71. [L. locusta.] An insect of the genus gryllus. 

LO'CUST, n. A name of several plants and trees. 

LO'CUST-TREE, n. A tree of the genus Hymenwa. 
i t LO-CC'TION, n. Discourse ; manner of speech; phrase. 

; LODE, n. [from Sax. Iwdan.] 1. Among miyiers, a metallic 
j vein, or any regular vein or course. Cyc. 2. A cut or 
I reach of water. Cyc. 

! LoDE'-STONE, 71. [from the verb to /ead, and stoTie.] I. 
A magnet, an ore of iron. 2. A name given by Cornish 
miners to a species of stones, called, also, tin-stones. 

fLODG'A-BLE, a. Capable of affording a temporary abode. 

LODGE, V. t. [Fr. loger j It. loggia.] 1. To set, lay or de- 
posit for keeping or preservation, for a longer or shorter 
time. 2. To place ; to plant ; to infix. 3. To fix ; to set- 
tle in the heart, mind or memory. 4. To furnish with a 
temporary habitation, or with an accommodation for a 
night. 5. To harbor ; to cover. 6. To afford place to ; 
to contain for keeping. 7. To throw in or on. 8. To 
throw down ; to lay flat. 

LODGE, V. i. 1. To reside ; to dwell ; to rest in a place. 2. 
To rest or dwell for a time, as for a night, a week, a 
month. 3. To fall flat, as grain. 

LODGE, n. LA small house in a park or forest, for a tem- 
porary place of rest at night ; a temporary habitation ; a 
hut. 2. A small house or tenement appended to a larger. 
3. A den ; a cave ; any place where a wild beast dwells. 

LODGED, pp. Placed at rest ; deposited ; infixed ; furnish- 
ed with accommodations for a night or other short time ; 
laid flat. 

LODG'ER, 71. L One who lives at board, or in a hired room, 
or who has a bed in another’s house for a night. 2. One 
that resides in any place for a time. 

LODG'ING, ppr. 1. Placing at rest ; depositing; furnishing 
lodgings. 2. Resting for a night ; residing for a time. 

LODG'ING, 71. 1. A place of rest for a night, or of residence 
for a time ; temporary habitation ; apartment. 2. Place 
of residence. 3. Harbor; cover; place of rest. 4. Con- 
venience for repose at night. 

LODG'MENT, 71. [Fr. logeynent.] 1. The act of lodging, or 


^ See Sijyiopsis, a, k, T, C), Y, long.—VATt, FALL, WHAT ;—PR IJY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


LOI 


503 


LON 


the state of being lodged ; a being placed or deposited at 
rest fbr keeping for a time or for permanence. 2. Accu- 
mulation or collection of something deposited or remaining 
at rest. — 3. In militar^j affairs, an encampment made by 
an army. 4. A work cast up by besiegers during their 
approaches, in some dangerous post, 
t LOFFE, V. i. To laugh. iS/iak. 

LOFT, n. [Dan. loft ,• Sax. lyfte.] 1. In a building, the el- 
evation of one story or floor above another. 2. A high 
room or place. Pope. 

LOFT'I-LY, ado. 1. On high ; in an elevated place. 2. 
Proudly ; haughtily. 3. With elevation of language, dic- 
tion or sentiment ; sublimely. 4. In an elevated attitude. 
LOFT'I-NESS, n. 1. Height ; elevation in place or position j 
altitude. 2. Pride ; haughtiness. 3. Elevation of atti- 
tude or mien. 4. Sublimity j elevation of diction or sen- 
timent. 

LOFT'Y, a. 1. Elevated in place ; high. 2. Elevated in 
condition or character. 3. Proud ; haughty. 4. Elevated 
in sentiment or diction ; sublime. 5. Stately ; dignified. 
LOG, n. [D. log, logge, heavy.] 1. A bulky piece or stick 
of timber unliewed. — 2. In navigation, a machine for 
measuring the rate of a ship’s velocity through the water. 
3. [Ileb. A Hebrew measure of liquids, 
t LOG, V. i. To move to and fro. Polwhele. 

LOG'-BoARD, n. In navigation, two boards, shutting like 
a book, and divided into columns, containing the hours of 
the day and night, direction of the wind, course of the 
ship, <tc., from wnich is formed the log-book. 
LOG'-BOOK, 71. A book into which are transcribed the con- 
tents of the log-board. Mar. Diet. 

LOG'-HOUSE, i n. A house or hut whose walls are com- 
LOG'-HUT, J posed of logs laid on each other, 
LOG'-LliVE, n. A line or cord about a hundred and fifty 
fathoms in length, fastened to the log by means of two 
legs. 

LOG'-REEL, 71. A reel in the gallery of a ship, on which 
the log-line is wound. Mar. Diet. 

LOG'A-RITHM, n. [Fr. logarithme.'\ Logarithms are the 
exponents of a series of powers and roots. Day. 
LOG-A-RITH-JMET'ie, ) 

LOG-A-RITH-MET'I-€AL, ( a. Pertaining to logarithms j 
LOG-A-RITH'MIG, ( consisting of logarithms. 

LOG-A-RITH/MI-GAL, ) 

t LOG'G ATS, 71. The name of a play or game, the same as 
is now called kettle-pins. Ilanmer. 

LOG'GER-HEAD, n. 1. A blockhead ; a dunce ; a dolt ; a 
thick-skull. Shak. 2. A spherical mass of iron, with a 
long handle. — To fall to loggerheads, or to go to logger- 
heads, to come to blows ; to fall to fighting without 
weapons. 

LOG GER-HEAD-ED, a. Dull ; stupid ; doltish. Shak. 
LOG'I€, 71. [Fr. logique ; L., It. logica.] The art of think- 
ing and reasoning justly. Watts. The purpose of logic is 
to direct the intellectual powers in the investigation of 
truth, and in tho communication of it to others. Hedge. 
LOG'I-GAL, a. 1. Pertaining to logic; used in logic. 2. 
According to the rules of logic. 3. Skilled in logic j 
versed in the ait of thinking and reasoning ; discrim- 
inating. 

L0GT-€AL-LY, adv. According to the rules of logic. 
LO-GP'CIAN, 71. A person skilled in logic. Pope. 
LO-G[S'TI€, a. Relating to sexagesimal fractions. 
LOG'MAN, 71. ]. A man who carries logs. Shak. 2. One 
whose occupation is to cut and convey logs to a mill ; 
[local. United States. 

LOG-O-GRAPH'I-CAL, \ Pertaining to logography. 

LO-GOG^RA-PHY, n. [Gr. Xoyoj and ypa0w.] A method 
of printing, in which a type represents a word, instead of 
forming a letter. 

t LOG'O-GRIPHE, n. [Gr. Xoyes and ypt^oj.] A sort of rid- 
dle. B. Jonson. 

t LO-GOM'A-GHIST, n. One who contends about words. 
E. T. Fitch. 

LO-GOAPA-OHY, 71. [Gr. Aoyojand /la^i;.] Contention in 
words merely, or rather a contention about words ; a war 
of words. Howell. 

LOG-O-MET'RIC, a. [Gr. Xoyog and /icrpcw.] A logometric 
scale is intended to measure or ascertain chemical equiva- 
lents. 

LOG'WOOD, 71. A species of tree and wood, called, also, 
Campeachy-wood. 

L5'HOeH, 1 71. [Ar.] A medicine of a middle consistence 
LO'HOGK, i between a soft electuary and a sirup. See 
Lock. 

LOIN, 71. [Sax. lend ; G., D. lende.] The loins are the space 
on each side of the vertebree, between the lowest of the 
false ribs and the upper portion of the os ilium or haunch 
bone, or the lateral portions of the lumbar region ; called, 
also, the reins. 

LOIT'ER, v.i. [D. Icutercn.] To linger; to be slow in 
moving ; to delay ; to be dilatory ; to spend time idly. 


LOIT[ER-ER, 71. A lingerer ; one that delays or is slow in 
motion ; an idler ; one that is sluggish or dilatory. 

LOIT'ER-ING, ppr. Lingering ; delaying ; moving slowly. 

LOKE, 71. [qu. Ir. loch.] 1. In the Scandinavian mythology, 
the evil deity. 2. A close, narrow lane ; [local.] 

LOLL, V. i. [Dan. laller ; G. lallen ] 1. To recline ; to lean ; 
properly, to throw one’s self down ; hence, to lie at ease. 
2. To suffer the tongue to hang extended from the mouth, 
as an ox or a dog when heated with labor or exertion. 

LOLL, V. t. To thrust out, as the tongue. Dryden. 

LOLL'ARD.or LOLL'ER,ti. [qu. G. lallen, lollen,\o prate 
or to sing.] The Lollards were a sect of early reformers 
in Germany and England, the followers of Wickliffe. 

LOLL'AR-DY, 71. The doctrines of the Lollards. 

LOLL'ING, ppr. Throwing down or out; reclining at ease ; 
thrusting out the tongue. 

LOL'LOP, v.i. To move heavily; to walk in a heavy, 
lounging manner; to lean idly; and, in a sense, 

to idle. Brockett. A loiv word. 

LOM-BARDTC, a. Pertaining to the Lombards. 

Lo'MENT, 71. [L. lomentum.] An elongated pericarp. 

LOM-EN-Ta'CEOUS, a. [L. lomenttim.] Furnished with 
a loinent. 

LOM'O-NITE, n. Laumonite, or di-prismatic zeolite. 

LOMP, 71. A kind of roundish fish. Johnson. 

LON'DON-ER, n. A native of London ; an inhabitant of 

London. 

LON'DON-ISM, 71 . A mode of speaking peculiar to Lon- 
don. Pegge. 

LONE, a. [Dan. Zoir.] 1. Solitary; retired; unfrequented ; 
having no company. 2. Single ; standing by itself ; not 
having others in the neighborhood. 3. Single; unmar- 
ried, or in widowhood. 

LONE, or LON'NIN, n. A lane. [Local.] 

LoNE'LI-NESS, 71. 1. Solitude ; retirement ; seclusion 
from company. 2. Love of retirement ; disposition to 
solitude. 

LoNE'LY, a. 1. Solitary ; retired ; sequestered from com- 
pany or neighbors. 2. Solitary. 3. Addicted to solitude 
or seclusion from company. 

LONE'NESS, n. Solitude ; seclusion. Donne. 

LoNE'SoME, a. Solitary ; secluded from society. 

LoNE'SOME-LY, adv. In a dismal or lonesome manner. 

LoNE'SOME-NESS, ti. The state of being solitary ; soli- 
tude. 

LONG, a. [Sax. long, lang and leng ; G. lange ; D., Dan. 
lang ; L. longus ,* It. lungo ; Fr. long.] 1. Extended : 
drawn out in a line, or in the direction of length ; opposea 
to shoi't. 2. Drawn out or extended in time. 3. Extend- 
ed to any certain measure expressed. 4. Dilatory ; con- 
tinuing for an extended time. 5. Tedious ; continued to a 
great length. 6. Continued in a series to a great extent. 
7. Continued in sound ; protracted. 8. Continued ; lin- 
gering or longing. 9. Extensive ; extending far in pros- 
pect or into futurity. — Long home, the grave, or deatli. 
Eccles. xii. 

t LONG, 71. Formerly, a musical note equal to two breves, 

LONG, adv. 1, To a great extent in space. 2. To a great 
extent in time. 3. At a point of duration far distant, 
either prior or posterior. 4. Through the whole extent or 
duration of. 

t LONG, adv. [Sax. g clang.] By means of; by the fault 
of ; owing to. Shak. 

t LONG, V. t. To belong. Chaucer. 

LONG, V. i. r^ax. langian.] 1. To desire earnestly or ea- 
gerly. 2. To have a preternatural, craving appetite. 3. 
To have an eager appetite. 

LON-GA-NIMT-TY, n. [L. longanimitas.] Forbearance j 
patience ; disposition to endure long under oflenses. 

LONG'BoAT, 71. The largest and strongest boat belonging 
to a ship. Mar. Diet. 

LON^GER, a. [comp, of long.] More long; of greater 
length. 

LON'GER, adv. For a greater duration. 

LON'GEST, a. Of the greatest extent. 

LON'GEST, adv. For the greatest continuance of time. 

LON-GE'VAIi, a. [L. longus and wvum.] Long-lived. 

LON-GEVT-TY, 71. [L. tongeevitas.] Length or duration 
oflifej more generally, great length of life. 

LON-Ge/VOUS\ a. [L. longwvus.] Living a long time ; of 
great age. 

LONG'-HEAD-ED, a. Having a great extent of thought. 

LON-GIM'A-NOUS, a. [L. longus and manus.] Having 
long hands. Brown. 

LON-GIM'E-TRY, 71. [L. longus, and Gr. perpov.] The art 
or practice of measuring distances or lengths. 

LONG'ING, ])pr. Earnestly desiring; having a craving or 
pieternatural appetite. 

LONG'ING, 71. An eager desire ; a craving or preternatural 
appetite. 

LONG'ING-LY, adv. With eager wishes or appetite. 

LON-6lN'Q,UI-TY, ti. [L. longinquitas.] Great distance. 

LONG'ISH, a. Somewhat long ; moderately long. 

LON^GI-TUDE, n. [L. longitudo.] 1. Properly, length. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE BTJLl., UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH ; Tfl as in this, f Obsolete. 


LOO 


504 


LOP 


2. The distance of any place on the globe from another 
place, eastward or westward : or the distance of any place 
from a given meridian. 3. The longitude of a star is its 
distance from the equinoctial points, or the beginning of 
Aries or Libra. 

LON-GI-Tu'DI-NAL, a. 1. Pertaining to longitude or 
length. 2. Extending in length ; running lengthwise, as 
distinguished from transverse or across. Bailey. 

LON-Cxi-Tu'Dl-NAL-LY, adv. In the direction of length. 

LONG'LEGGED, a. Having long legs. 

LONG-LIVED, a. Having a long life or existence ; living 
long ; lasting long. 

LONG'LY, adv. With longing desire. Shak. 
ONG--MEAS-URE, n. Lineal measure j the measure of 
length. 

LONG'xVESS, n. Length. [Little W5cd.] 

LONG-PRIM-ER, n. A printing type of a particular size, 
between small pica and bourgeois. 

LONG-SHANKED, a. Having long legs. Burton. 

LONG --SIGHT, n. Long-sightedness. Good. 

LONG--SIGHT-ED, a. Able to see at a great distance 5 used 
literally of the eyes, and figuratively of the mind or in- 
tellect. 

LONG--SIGHT'ED-NESS, n. 1. The faculty of seeing ob- 
jects at a great distance. — ^2. Inmedicine^ presbyopy ; that 
defect of sight by which objects near at hand are seen 
confusedly, but at remoter distances distinctly. 

■f LONG-SOME, a. Extended in length j tiresome ; tedious. 

t LONG-SoME-NESS, n. Tediousness. Hist. Confo7'mity. 

LONG-SPUN, a. Spun or extended to a great length. Ad- 
dison. 

LONG-SUF-FER-ANCE, n. Forbearance to punish j clem- 
ency ; patience. Com. Prayer. 

LONG-SUF'FER-ING, a. Bearing injuries or provocation 
for a long lime ; patient ; not easily provoked. 

LONG-SUF-FER-ING, 7j. Long endurance j patience of 
offense. 

LONG'TaIL, n. Cut and longtail, a canting term for one 
01 another. Skak. 

LONG'-TONGUED, fl. Rating; babbling. Shak. 

LONG-WAYS, a mistake for longicise. 

LONG-WIND'ED, a. Long-breathed ; tedious in speaking, 
argument or narration. 

LONG--WISE, adv. In the direction of length ; length- 
wise. [Little n5cd.] Hakewill. 

L6NGE, n. [Fr.] A thrust with a sword. Smollett. 

t Lo-NISH, a. Somewhat solitary. 

LOO, n. A game at cards. Pope. 

LOO, V. t. To beat the opponents by winning every trick 
at the game. Shak. 

LOOB-I-LY, adv. Like a looby ; in an awkward, clumsy 
manner. HEstrange. 

LOOB-Y, n. [W. llali, Hob.] An awkward, clumsy fellow; 
a lubber. 

LOOF, n. The after part of a ship’s bow. 

LOOF. See Luff, which is the word used, 

t LOOF'ED, a. [See Aloof.] Gone to a distance. Shak. 

LQOK, V. i. [Sax. locian.] 1. To direct the eye towards 
aii object, with the intention of seeing it. 2. To see ; to 
have the sight or view of. 3. To direct the intellectual 
eye ; to apply the mind or understanding ; to consider ; 
to examine. 4. To expect ; [1. u.] 5. To take care ; to 

watch. 6. To be directed. 7. To seem ; to appear ; to 
have a particular appearance. 8. To have a particular 
direction or situation ; to face ; to front. 

To look about, to look on all sides, or in different directions. 
— To look about one, to be on the watch ; to be vigilant ; 
to be circumspect or guarded. — To look after. 1. To at- 
tend ; to take care of. 2. To expect ; to be in a state of 
expectation. 3. To seek ; to search. — To look for. 1. To 
expect. 2. To seek ; to search. — To look into, to inspect 
closely ; to observe narrowly; to examine. — To look on. 

1. To regard; to esteem. 2. To consider; to view; to 
conceive of; to think. 3. To be a mere spectator. — To 
look over, to examine one by one. — To overlook has a dif- 
ferent sense ; to pass over without seeing. — To look out, to 
be on the watch. — To look to, or unto. 1. To watch; to 
take care of. 2. To resort to with confidence or exjiecta- 
tion of receiving something ; to expect to receive from. — 
To look through, to penetrate with the eye, or with the 
understanding"; to see or understand perfectly. 

LOOK, V. t. 1. To seek ; to search for; [065.] Spenser. 2. 
influence by looks or presence. Dryden.—^To look out, 
to search for and discover. 

LOOK, in the imperative, is used to excite attention. 

LOOK, n. 1. Cast of countenance ; air of the face ; aspect. 

2. ’ The act of looking or seeing. 3. View ; watch. 

LOOK'ER, n. One who looks.— A ZooZrer o/», a mere spec- 
tator. 

LOOK'ING, 71. Expectation. Ilcb. x. 

LO6K-ING-GLASS, n. A glass which reflects the form of 
the person who looks on it ; a mirror. 

LOOK--OUT, n. A careful looking or watching for any 
object or event. Mar. Diet. 


LOOL, 71. In metallurgy, a vessel used to receive the 
washings of ores of metals. Encyc. 

LOOM, 71. [Sax. loma, geloma.] *1. In composition, heir- 
loom, in laic, is a personal chattel that by special custom 
descends to an heir with the inheritance. 2. A frame in 
which a weaver works threads into cloth. — 3. [Dan. lom 
or loom ; G. lohme.] A fowl of the size of a goose. 4. 
That part of an oar which is within board. 

LOOM, V. i. [qu. Sax. leoman.} To appear above the sur- 
face either of sea or land, or to appear larger than the real 
dimensions, and indistinctly. 

LOOM'-GALE, n. A gentle gale of tvind. Encyc. 

LOOM-ING, ppr. Appearing above the surface, or indis- 
tinctly, at a distance. 

LOON, 71. [Scot, loun, or loon.'] 1. A sorry fellow; a rogue; 
a rascal. Dryden. 2. [Icel. lunde.] A sea-fowl. 

LOOP, 71 [Ir. lubam.] 1. A folding or doubling of a string 
or a noose, through which a lace or cord may be run for 
fastening. — 2. In iron-works, the part of a row or block of 
cast iron, melted off for the forge or hammer. 

LOOPED, a. Full of holes. Shak. 

LOOP-HOLE, 71. 1. A small aperture in the bulk-head and 
other parts of a merchant ship, through which small arms 
are fired at an enemy. 2. A hole or aperture that gives 
a passage. 3. A passage for escape; means of escape. 
D?'yden. 

LOOP'HoLED, a. Full of holes or openings for escape. 

LOOP'ING, 71. [D. loopen.] In metallurgy, the running to- 
gether of the matter of an ore into a mass, when the ore 
is only heated for calcination. 

t LOORD, 71. [D. lair ; Fr. lo\trd.] A dull, stupid fellow ; a 
drone. Spenser. 

t LOOS, 71. Praise ; renowm. Chaucer. 

LOOSE, (loos) V. t. [Sax. lysan, alysan, leosan ,* D. lossen, 
loozen ; G. Wsen ; Dan. Zb'ser.] 1. To untie or unbind ; to 
free from any fastening. 2. To relax. 3. To release 
from imprisonment ; to liberate ; to set at liberty. 4. To 
free from obligation. 5. To free from any thing that 
binds or shackles. 6. To relieve ; to free from any thing 
burdensome or afflictive. 7. To disengage ; to detach. 
8. To put off. 9. To open. 10. To remit ; to absolve. 

LOOSE, V. i. To set sail ; to leave a port or harbor. 

LOOSE, 'a. [Goth, laus ,* D. los, losse ; G. los ; Dan. /b‘5.] 

1. Unbound; untied; unsew'ed ; not fastened or confined. 

2. Not tight or close. 3. Not crowded ; not close or com- 
pact. 4. Not dense, close or compact. 5. Not close ; not 
concise ; lax. 6. Not precise or exact ; vague ; inde- 
terminate. 7. Not strict or rigid. 8. Unconnected ; ram- 
bling. 9. Of lax bowels. 10. Unengaged ; not attached 
or enslaved. 11, Disengaged; free from obligation. 12. 
Wanton ; unrestrained in behavior ; dissolute ; unchaste. 
13. Containing unchaste language. — To break loose, to 
escape from confinement ; to gain liberty by violence. — 
To let loose, to free from restraint or confinement ; to set 
at liberty. 

LOOSE, n. Freedom from restraint ; liberty. Dryden. 

LOOSED, pp. Untied ; unbound ; freed from restraint. 

LOOSE-LY, (loos-ly) adv. 1. Not fast; not firmly; that 
may be easily disengaged. 2. Without confinement. 3. 
Without union or connection. 4. Irregularly ; not with 
the usual restraints. 5. Negligently ; carelessly ; heed- 
lessly. 6. Meanly; slightly. 7. Wantonly; dissolutely; 
unchastely. 

LOOS-EN, (loos-n) v.t. [from loose.] 1. To free from tight- 
ness, tension, firmness or fixedness. 2. To render less 
dense or compact. 3. To free from restraint. 4. To re- 
move costiveness from j to facilitate or increase alvine 
discharges. 

LOOS-EN, V. i. To become loose ; to become less tight, 
firm or compact. 

LOOS-ENED, pp. Freed from tightness or fixedness ; ren- 
dered loose. 

LOOSE-NESS, (loos'nes) n. 1. The state of being loose or 
relaxed ; a state opposite to that of being tight, fast, fixed 
or compact. 2. The state opposite to rigor or rigidness ; 
laxity ; levity. 3. Irregularity ; habitual deviation from 
strict rules. 4. Habitual lewdness ; unchastity. 5. Flux 
from the bow'els ; diarrhea. 

LOOS'EN-ING, ppr. Freeing from tightness, tension or 
fixedness ; rendering less compact. 

LOOSE-STRIFE, (loos-strife) 71. In botany, the name of 
several species of plants. Lee. 

LOOS-ING, ppr. Setting free from confinement. 

LOP, V. t. ]. To cut ofl’, as the top or extreme part of any 
thing ; to shorten by cutting oft' the extremities. 2. To 
cut oft', as exuberances ; to separate, ns superfluous parts. 

3. To cut partly oft' and bend down. 4. To let fall. 

LOP, n. That which is cut from trees. 

LOP, 71. [Sax. hyppe.] A flea. [Local.] 

t LOPE, pret. of leap. [Sw. ibpa ; D. loopen.] Spenser. 

LOPE, 71. [Sw. ihpa ; D. loopen.] A leap ; a long step. [A 
word in popular use in America?] 

LOPE, V. i. To leap ; to move or run with a long step, as a 
dog. 


*See Synopsis. A, E, T, 0, V, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PRgY;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


LOS 


505 


LOU 


LOP'ING, ppr. Leaping j moving or running with a long 
step. 

LOPPED, pp. Cut otF j shortened by cutting off the top or 
end ; bent down. 

LOP PER, n. One that lops. 

LOP'PING, ppr. Cutting off j shortening by cutting off the 
extremity j letting fall. 

LOP'PING, n. That which is cut off. 

LO-QUa'CIOUS, a. [L. loquax.'] 1. Talkative ; given to 
continual talking. 2. Speaking j noisy. 3. Apt to blab 

nnri HispIdqp 

LO-aUA'CIOUS-NESS, 1 n. [L. loquacitas,’] Talkative- 

LO-Q.UAC'i-TY, \ ness; the habit or practice of 

talking continually or excessively. 

LORD, n. [Sax. hlaford.] ]. A master; a person possess- 
ing supreme power and authority ; a ruler ; a governor. 
2. A tyrant ; an oppressive ruler. 3. A husband. 4. A 
baron ; the proprietor of a manor. 5. A nobleman ; a 
title of honor in Great Britain given to those who are 
noble by birth or creation ; a peer of the realm. 6. An 
honorary title bestowed on certain official characters ; as, 
lord chancellor. — 7. In Scripture, the Supreme Being ; 
Jehovah. 

LORD, V. t. To invest with the dignity and privileges of a 
lord. 

LORD, v.i. To domineer; to rule with arbitrary or des- 
potic sway. 

LORD'ING, 71. A little lord; a lord, in contempt or ridi- 
cule. iLittle w^ed.l Swift. 

LORD Like, a. 1. Becoming a lord. 2. Haughty; proud; 
insolent. Dryden. 

LORD'LI-NESS, n. 1. Dignity; high station. Shak. 2. 
Pride ; haughtiness. More. 

LORD'LING, 71. A little or diminutive lord. Swift. 

LORD'LY, a. 1. Becoming a lord ; pertaining to a lord. 
2. Proud; haughty; imperious; insolent. Swift. 

LORD LY, ado. Proudly ; imperiously ; despotically. 

LORD'SHIP, n. 1. The state or quality of being a lord ; 
hence, a title of honor given to noblemen. 2. A titulary 
compellation of judges and certain other persons in au- 
thority and office. 3. Dominion ; power ; authority. 4. 
Seigniory ; domain ; the territory of a lord ov^er which he 
holds jurisdiction ; a manor. 

LORE, n. [Sax. lar.] Learning ; doctrine ; lesson ; in- 
struction. 

■f LOR'EL, n. [Sax. leoran.] An abandoned scoundrel ; a 
vagrant. Chaucer. 

t LoRES'MAN, 71. An instructor. Gower. 

LOR'l-€ATE, V. t. [L. lorico, loricatus.] 1. To plate over; 
to spread over, as a plate for defense. 2. To cover with a 
crust, as a chemical vessel, for resisting fire. 

LOR'I-€A-TED, pp. Covered or plated over ; encrusted. 

LORT-CA-TING, ppr. Covering over with a plate or crust. 

LOR-I-Ca'TION, 11 . The act or operation of covering any 
thing with a plate or crust for defense. 

t LOR'I-MER, 11 . [L. lorurn ; Fr. lormier.] A bridle-maker; 
one that makes bits for bridles, &c. 

t LoRTNG, n. Instructive discourse. Spenser. 

Lo'RI-OT, 77. [Fr.1 A bird called 77at7cal / the oriole. 

Lo'RIS, 77. A small quadruped of Ceylon. 

LORN, a. [Sax., Dvai. forlo-ren. See Forlorn.] Lost; for- 
saken ; lonely. Spenser. 

Lo'RY, 'll. A subordinate genus of fowls. 

LOS'A-BLE, a. That may be lost. [Little used.] Boyle. 

LOSE, (looz) V. t. ; pret. and pp. lost. [Sax. losian, forlo- 

sian, forlysan.] 1. To mislay ; to part or be separated 
from a thing, so as to have no knowledge of the place 
where it is. 2. To forfeit by unsuccessful contest. 3. 
Not to gain or wnn. 4. To be deprived of. 5. To forfeit, 
as a penalty. 6. To suffer diminution or waste of. 7. To 
ruin ; to destroy. 8. To wander from ; to miss, so as not 
to be able to find. 9. To bewilder. 10. To possess no 
longer; to be deprived of. 11. Not to employ or enjoy ; 
to waste. 12. To waste; to squander; to throw away. 
13. To suffer to vanish from view or perception. 14. To 
ruin ; to destroy by shipwreck, &c. 15. To cause to 

perish. IG. To employ ineffectually ; to throw away; to 
waste. 17. To be freed from. 18. To fail to obtain. — To 
lose oilers self, to be bewildered ; also, to slumber ; to 
have the memory and reason suspended. 

LOJSE, (looz) v.i. ]. To forfeit any thing in contest; not to 
win. 2. To decline ; to fail. 

fLOS'EL, 77. [from the root of loose.] A wasteful fellow, 
one who loses by sloth or neglect ; a worthless person. 
Spenser. 

t LOS'EN-GER, 77. [Sax. leas.] A deceiver. 

LGS'ER, (looz'er) n. One that loses, or that is deprived of 
any thing by defeat, forfeiture or the like. 

LOS'ING, (looz'ing) ppr. Parting from ; missing; forfeiting ; 
wasting; employing to no good purpose. 

liOSS, 77. 1. Privation. 2. Destruction; ruin. 3. Defeat. 
4. VV'aste ; useless application. 5. Waste by leakage or 
escape. — To bear a loss, to make good ; also, to sustain a 
loss without sinking under it. — To be at a loss, to be puz- 


zled ; to be unable to determine ; to be in a state of un- 
certainty. 

\ LOSS'FUL, a. Detrimental. Bp. Hall. 

t LOSS'LESS, a. Free from loss. Milton. 

LOST, pp. [from Z 056.] 1. Mislaid or left in a place un- 

known or forgotten ; that cannot be found. 2. Ruined; 
destroyed ; wasted or squandered ; employed to no good 
purpose. 3. Forfeited. 4. Not able to find the right way, 
or the place intended. 5. Bewildered ; perplexed ; being 
in a maze. 6. Alienated ; insensible ; hardened beyond 
sensibility or recovery. 7. Not perceptible to the senses ; 
not visible. 8. Shipwrecked or foundered ; sunk or de- 
stroyed. 

LOT, 77. [Sax. hlot, lilodd. Met, hlyt ; D., Fr. lot ; Sw. lott.] 
1. That which, in human speech, is called chance, hazard, 
fortune. 2. That by which the fate or portion of one is 
determined. 3. The part, division or fate which falls to 
one by chance, that is, by divine determination. 4. A 
distinct portion or parcel. 5. Proportion or share of taxes. 
— 6. In the United States, a piece or division of land. 
Franklin. — To cast lots, is to use or throw a die, or some 
other instrument. — To draw lots, to determine an event 
by drawing one thing from a number whose marks are 
concealed from the drawer, and thus determining an 
event. 


LOT, V. t. To allot ; to assign ; to distribute ; to sort ; to 
catalogue; to portion. Prior. 

LOT Upon, V. To anticipate with fondness or desire. [J1 
colloquial phrase in J\''ew England.] 

LOTE, 77. [L. lotus, Zoto5.] I. A plant of the genus celtis, 
the lote-tree. 2. A little fish. 

* LOTH, a. [Sax. lath ; Sw. led ; Dan. leede. I have follow- 
ed Milton, Dryden, Waller, Spenser and Shalcspeare in the 
orthography of the adjective, and Cruden in that of the 
verii.] 1. Literally, hating; detesting; hence, 2. Un- 
willing ; disliking ; not inclined ; reluctant. 

LOTHE, V. t. [Sax. lathian.] 1. To feel disgust at any 
thing ; properly, to have an extreme aversion of the ap- 
petite to food or drink. 2. To hate ; to dislike greatly ; 
to abhor. 

t LOTHE, V. i. To create disgust. Spenser. 

LoTHED, pp. Hated ; abhorred ; turned from with disgust. 

LoTH'ER, 77. One that lothes or abhors. 

LoTH'F^JL, a. 1. Hating ; abhorring. 


2. Disgusting; 
having extreme 


hated ; exc ting abhorrence. 

LoTHTNG, ppr. 1. Feeling disgust at 
aversion to. 2. Hating ; abhorring. 

LoTHTNG, 77. Extreme disgust; abhorrence. 
LoTHTNG-LY, adv. With extreme disgust or abhorrence 
in a fastidious manner. 

* LOTH'LY, adv. Unwillingly ; reluctantly. Donne. 

* LOTH'NESS, 77. Unwillingness; reluctance. 
LoTH'SOME, a. [Sw. ledesam.] 1. Causing an extreme 

aversion of appetite ; exciting fastidiousness. 2. Exciting 
extreme disgust; offensive. 3. Odious; exciting hatred 
or abhorrence ; detestable. 

LoTH'SoME-NESS, n. The quality of exciting extreme 
disgust or ab 


Lo'TION, 77. 


lorrence. .Addison. 

L. lotio.] 1. A washing ; particularly, a 
washing of the skin for the purpose of rendering it fair. 
2. A liquid preparation for washing some part of the body 
to cleanse it of foulness or deformity — 3. In pharmacy, a 
preparation of medicines, by washing them in some li- 
quid, to remove foreign substances, impurities, &c. 

LOT'TER-Y, 77. [Fr. loterie ; Sp. loteria.] 1. A scheme 
for the distribution of prizes by chance, or the distribution 
itself. 2. Allotment ; [ 065 .] 

LOUD, a. [Sax. Mud, or lud.] 1. Having a great sound; 
high-sounding ; noisy ; striking the ear with great force. 
2. Uttering or making a great noise. 3. Clamorous ; 
noisy. 4. Emphatical ; impressive. 

LOUD'LY, 777 Z 77 . 1. With great sound or noise; noisily. 
2. Clamorously ; with vehement complaints or importu- 
nity. 

LOUD'NESS, 77 . 1. Great sound or noise. 2. Clamor; 


clamorousness ; turbulence ; uproar. 


a different 


LOUGII, (lok) 77. [Ir. and Scot, loch.] A lake 
orthography of loch and lake. Fairfax. 

LOUTS D’oR, (lu'e-dore) n. [a Lewis of gold.] A gold coin 
of France, value, twenty shillings sterling, equal to 
$4,4444. 

LOUNGE, V. i. [Fr. longis.] To live in idleness ; to spend 
time lazily. 

LOUNG'ER, 77 . An idler ; one who loiters away his time in 
indolence. 

LOUR. See Lower. 

LOUSE, (lous) 77. ; plu. Lice. [Sax. lus ; plu. /p5.] A small 
insect of the genus pediculus. 

LOUSE, (louz) V. t. To clean from lice. Swift. 

LOUSE'-WORT, (lous'-wurt) ti. A plant. 

LOUST-LY, adv. In a mean, paltry manner ; scurvily 

LOUST-NESS, 77. The state of abounding with lice. 

LOUS'Y, a. I. Swarming with lice; infested with lice 
2. Mean; low; contemptible. Shak. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete* 


LOW 


50G 


LOY 


LOUT, 7t. [qu. Sax. Zeorf.] A mean, awkward fellow j a 
bumpkin j a clown. Shak. 

I LOUT, V. i. [Sax. Wwia?i.] To bend j to bow j to stoop. 
Spenser, B. Jonson. 

LOUT'ISH, a. Clownish j rude ; awkward. Sidney, 
LOUT<lSH-LY, adv. Like a clown ; in a rude, clumsy, 
awkward manner. 

LOUT'ISH-NESS, n. Clownishness j behavior of a bump- 
kin. 

LOU'VER, (loo'ver) n, [Fr. Pouvert,] An opening in the 
roof of a cottage for the smoke to escape. 

L6V'A-BLE, a. Worthy of love ; amiable. Sliericood, 
LoV'AGE, n, A plant of th# genus ligusticum, 

LOVE, (luv) V. t, [Sax. lujian, luvian ; D. lieven ; G. lieben,] 

1. To be pleased with ; to regard with affection, on ac- 
count of some qualities which excite pleasing sensa- 
tions or desire of gratification ; to have a strong, a tender, 
or a dutiful affection for. 2. To have benevolence or 
good will for. 

LOVE, n. 1. An affection of the mind excited by beauty 
and \yorth of any kind, or by the qualities of an object 
w’hich communicate pleasure, sensual or intellectual. It 
is opposed to hatred. Love between the sexes is a com- 
pound affection, consisting of esteem, benevolence and 
animal desire. 2. Courtship; chiefly in the phrase to 
make love^ that is, to court ; to woo ; to solicit union in 
marriage. 3. Patriotism ; the attachment one has to his 
native land. 4. Benevolence ; good will. 5. The object 
beloved. 6. A word of endearment. 7. Picturesque rep- 
resentation of love. 8. Lewdness. 9. A thin, silk stuff ; 
Fo&5.] — Love in idleness^ a kind of violet. Shak, — Free of 
tovc^ a plant of the genus cercis, Fam , of Plants, 
L6VE'-AP-PLE, n. A plant of the genus solanum, 
L6VE'-BRo-KER, n. A third person who acts as agent be- 
tween lovers. Shak, 

L6VED, pp. Having the affection of any one. 
L6VE'-DART-ING, a. Darting love. Milton, 
l6vE'-DaY, n, A day formerly appointed for an amicable 
adjustment of differences. Chaucer, 

L6VE'-Fa-VOR, n. Something given to be worn in token 
of love. Bp, Hall, 

L6VE'-KN0T, (luv'-not) n, A knot so called, used as a 
token of love, or representing mutual affection. 
L6VE'-LA-BORED, a. Labored by love. Milton. 
L6VE'-LASS, n, A sweetheart. 

LoVE'LESS, a. Void of love; void of tenderness. 
L6VE'-LET-TER, n, A letter professing love ; a letter of 
courtship. 

LoVE'LI-LY, adv. Amiably ; in a manner to excite love. 
L6VE'LI-NESS, n. Amiableness; qualities of body or 
mind that may excite love. Spectator, 

L6VE'-LOCK, n, A curl or lock of hair so called ; worn by 
men of fashion in the reigns of Elizabeth and James I. 
Lily, 

L6VE'-LORN, a. Forsaken by one’s love. Milton. 
LoVE'LY, (luvfly) a. Amiable ; that may excite love ; 

possessing qualities which may invite affection, 
t L6VE'-M6N-GER, n. One who deals in affairs of love. 
LoVE'-PINED, a. Wasted by love. Spenser, 

LoV'ER, n, 1. One who loves ; one who has a tender af- 
fection, particularly for a female. 2. A friend ; one who 
regards with kindness. 3. One who likes or is pleased 
with any thing. 

LOVER, and LOOVER. See Louver. 

L6VE'-Se-CRET, n, A secret between lovers. Dryden. 
LoVE'-SHAFT, n, Cupid’s arrow. Shak, 

L6VE'-SICK, a, 1. Sick or languishing with love or am- 
orous desire. 2. Dictated by a languishing lover, or ex- 
pressive of languishing love. 
fLoVE'SOME, a. Lovely. Dryden, 

LoVE'-SONG, n, A song expressing love. Shak, 
L6VE'-SuIT, n. Courtship ; solicitation of union in mar- 
riage. Shak, 

L6VE'-TaLE, n, A narrative of love. Addison, 
t LoVE'-THOUGHT, n. Amorous fancy. Shak, 
LoVE'-To-KEN, 71. A present in token of love. Shak, 
L6VE'-TOY, 71. A small present from a lover. Arbuthnot, 
L6VE'TRICK, n. Art or artifice expressive of love. 
LoV'lNG, ppr, 1. Entertaining a strong affection for ; 
liaving tender regard for. 2. a. Fond ; affectionate. 3. 
Expressing love or kindness. 

LOVTNG-KIND'NESS, 7t. Tender regard ; mercy; favor; 

a Scriptural word, Ps, Ixxxix. 

L6V'ING-LY, adv. With love; affectionately, 
L6V'ING-NESS, 7J. Affection; kind regard. Sidney, 

LOW, a, [D. laag G. leg ,* Sw. lag ; Sax. loh.] 1. Not 
high or elevated ; depressed below any given surface or 
place. 2. Not rising to the usual height. 3. Declining 
near the horizon. 4. Deep; descending far below the 
adjacent ground. 5. Sunk to the natural level of the 
ocean by the retiring of the tide. 6. Below the usual 
rate orhmount, or below the ordinary value. 7. Nothigh 
or loud. 8. Grave ; depressed in the scale of sounds. 9. 
Near or not very distant from the equator. 10. Late in 


* See Synopsis, A, F2, T, D, Y, long, — FAR, FALI<, 


time ; modern. 11. Dejected ; depressed in vigor ; want- 
ing strength or animation. 12. Depressed in condition; 
in a humble state. 13. Humble in rank ; in a mean con- 
dition. 14. Mean ; abject ; groveling ; base. 15. Dis- 
honorable ; mean. 16. Not elevated or sublime ; not ex- 
alted in thought or diction. 17. Vulgar; common. 18. 
Submissive; humble; reverent. 19. Weak ; exhausted 
of vital energy. 20. Feeble; weak; without force. 21. 
Moderate; not inflammatory. 22. Moderate; not in- 
tense. 23. Impoverished ; in reduced circumstances. 
24. Moderate. 25. Tlain ; simple ; not rich, high-season- 
ed or nourishing. 

Low, adv, 1. Not aloft ; not on high ; often in composition. 

2. Under the usual price ; at a moderate price. 3. Near 
the ground. 4. In a mean condition. 5. In time ap- 
proaching our own. 6. With a depressed voice; not 
loudly. 7. In a state of subjection, poverty or disgrace. 

t Low, V. i. To sink ; to depress. Wickliffe. 

Low, V. i. [Sax. hleowan.] To bellow, as an ox or cow. 

LoW, or LoWE, [Sax. hlaWf a hill.] A termination of 
names ; as in Bed-Zow. 

LoW'BELL, 11 . [S\v. luge ; Scot, lowe.] A kind of fowl- 
ing in the night, in wnich the birds are wakened by a 
bell. 

LoW'BELL, V. t. To scare, as with a lowbelK 

LoW'-BORN, a. Born in low life. 

LoW'-BRED, a. Bred in a low condition or manner; vul- 
^ar. 

LoW'ER, V, t. 1. To cause to descend ; to let down ; to 
take or bring down. 2. To suffer to sink downwards. 

3. To bring down ; to reduce or humble. 4. To lessen ; 
to diminish ; to reduce, as value or amount. 

LoW'ER, V. i. To fall ; to sink ; to grow less. Shak. 

LOW'ER, V. i. 1. To appear dark or gloomy ; to be cloud- 
ed ; to threaten a storm. 2. To frowui ; to look sullen. 

LOW'ER, n, 1. Cloudiness ; gloominess. 2. A frowning ; 
sullenness. Sidney. 

LoW'ER, a. [comp, of ZoMJ.J Less high or elevated. 

LOW'ER-ING-LY, adv. With cloudiness or threatening 
gloom. 

LoW'ER-M5ST, a. [from Zoic.] Lowest. 

LOW ER-Y, a. Cloudy ; gloomy. 

LoW'EST, a. [superl. of low.] Most low; deepest; most 
depressed or degraded, &c. 

L5w'ING, ppr. Bellowing, as an ox. 

LOWING, 71. The bellowing or cry of cattle. 

LoW^LAND, 71. Land which is low with respect to the 
neighboring country ; a low or level country. 

t LoW'LI-HOOD, 71. A humble state. Chaucer, 

LoW^'LI-LY,’aiZi;. Humbly ; without pride ; meanly; with- 
out dignity. 

LoW^LI-NESS, n. 1. Freedom from pride; humility; 
humbleness of mind. 2. Meanness; want of dignity; 
abject state. 

LoW'LY, a. 1. Having a low esteem of one’s own worth ; 
humble ; meek ; free from pride. 2. Mean ; low ; want- 
ing dignity or rank. 3. Not lofty or sublime; humble. 

4. Not high ; not elevated in place. 

L5W^'LY, adv. 1. Humbly ; meekly ; modestly. 2. 
Meanly ; in a low condition ; without grandeur dr dig- 
nity. 

LOW^N, 71. [See Loon.] A low fellow ; a scoundrel. 

LOWND, a. [Icel. logn.] Calm and mild ; out of the wind ; 
under cover or shelter. 

LoW^'NESS, 71. 1. The state of being low or depressed ; 
the state of being less elevated than something else. 2. 
Meanness of condition. 3, Meanness of mind or charac- 
ter; want of dignity. 4. Want of sublimity in style or 
sentiment. 5. Submissiveness. 6. Depression of mind ; 
W'ant of courage or fortitude; dejection. 7. Depression 
in fortune ; a state of poverty. 8. Depression in strength 
or intensity. 9. Depression in price or worth. 10. 
Graveness of sound. 11. Softness of sound. 

L5W-SPIRTT-ED, a. Net having animation and courage ; 
dejected ; depressed ; not lively or sprightly. 

LoW-SPiR'IT-ED-NESS, n. Dejection of mind or cour- 
age ; a state of low spirits. Cheyne. 

LoW-THOUGHT'ED, a. Having the thoughts employed 
on low subjects ; not having elevated thoughts. 

LoW'-WINES, 71. The liquor produced by the first distilla- 
tion of fermented liquors ; the first run of the still. 

LOX-O-DROM'IC, a. [Gr. Xo|oj and ^popoj.] Pertaining to 
oblique sailing by the rhomb. 

L0X-0-DR0M'I€S, n. The art of oblique sailing by the 
rhomb, which always makes an equal angle with every 
meridian. 

LOY'AL, a. [Fr. loyal.] Faithful to a prince or superior ; 
true to plighted faith, duty or love ; not treacherous ; used 
of subjects to their prince^ and of husband^ wife and lovers. 

LOY'AL-IST, 71 . A person who adheres to his sovereign ; 
one who maintains his allegiance to his prince, and de- 
fends his cause in times of revolt. 

LOY'AL-LY, adv. With fidelity to a prince or sovereign, 
or to a husband or lover . 


niAT ;— PR^Y PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 


LUC 


507 LUM 


LOY'AL-TY, n. Fidelity to a prince or sovereign, or to a 
husband or lover. Clarendon. 

LOZ'EN6E, n. [Fr. losange.] 1. Originally^ a figure with four 
equal sides, having two acute and two obtuse angles ; a 
rhomb. — 2. In heraldry^ a four-cornered figure, resembling 
a pane of glass in old casements. — 3. Among jewelers^ 
lozenges are common to brilliants and rose diamonds. 4. 
A form of medicine in small pieces, to be chewed or held 
in the mouth till melted. — 5. In confectionary, a small 
cake of preserved fruit, or of sugar, &c. 

L0Z'EN6ED, a. Made into the shape of lozenges. 

LOZ'EN-OY, a. In heraldry, having the field or charge 
covered with lozenges. 

LP, a contraction of lordship, 

LU. See Loo. 

f LUB'BARD. See Lubber. 

LUB'BER, 71. [VV. llahi, lloh^ A heavy, clumsy fellow ; 
a sturdy drone ; a clown. Tusser. 

LUB'BER-LY, a. Properly, tall and lank without activity 5 
hence, bulky and heavy ; clumsy ; lazy. 

LUB'BER-LY, ado. Clumsily ; awkwardly. Dryden. 

Lu'BRIC, a. [L. lahricus.'] 1. Having a smooth surface 5 
slippery. 2. Wavering ; unsteady. 3. Lascivious ; wan- 
ton ; lewd. 

Lu'BRI-€ANT, n. That which lubricates. 

LC'BRI-CATE, V. t. [L. lubrico.] To make smooth or 
slippery. 

LCr'BRl-eA-TED, pp. Made smooth and slippery. 

Lt5'BRI-€A-TING, ppr. Rendering smooth and slippery. 

LC'BRI-GA-TOR, n. That which lubricates. 

LU-BRIC'I-TY, n. [Fr. lubricite.] 1. Smoothness of sur- 
face ; slipperiness. 2. Smoothness ; aptness to glide over 
any thing, or to facilitate the motion of bodies in contact 
by diminishing friction. 3. Slipperiness ; instability. 4. 
Lasciviousness ; propensity to lewdness j lewdness j lech- 
ery ; incontinency. 

LC'BRI-€OUS, a. [L. lubricns.] 1. Smooth 5 slippery. 2. 
Wavering ; unstable. Olanville. 

LU-BRI-FAC'TION, n. The act of lubricating or making 
smooth. 

LU-BRIF-I-GA'TION, n. [L. lubricus and facio.] The act 
or operation of making smooth and slippery. 

LUCE, 71. A pike full grown. Shak. 

Lucent, a. [L.lucens.l Shining; bright; resplendent. 

Lu'CERN, n. A plant cultivated for fodder. 

LO'CID, a. [L. iucidus.] 1. Shining ; bright ; resplendent. 
0. Clear; transparent; pellucid. 3. Bright with the ra- 
diance of intellect ; not darkened or confused by delirium 
or madness ; marked by the regular operations of reason. 
4. Clear ; distinct ; presenting a clear view ; easily un- 
derstood. 

tLU-CID'[-TY, 71. Brightness. 

LC^CID-NESS, 71. Brightness ; clearness. 

LD'CI-FER, 71. [L. lux, lucis.] 1. The planet Venus, so 
called from its brightness. 2. Satan. 

LU-CI-Fje'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Lucifer, or to the Luci- 
ferians. 

LU-CI-Fe'RI-ANS, n. A sect that followed Lucifer, bishop 
of Cagliari, in the fourth century. 

LU-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. lucifer.] Giving light ; affording 
light or means of discovery. Boyle. 

LU-CIF'ER-OUS-LY, ado. So as to discover. 

LU-CIF'IG, a. [L. lux and facio.] Producing light. 

LO'CI-FORM, a. [ L. lux and forma.] Having the form 
of light ; resembling light. 

LUCK, 71. [D. Ink, geluk ; G. glitch.] That which happens 
to a person ; an event, good or ill, affecting a man’s inter- 
est or happiness, and which is deemed casual ; fortune, 

LUCK'I-LY, ado. Fortunately ; by good fortune ; with a 
favorable issue ; in a good sense. 

LUGK'I-NESS, 71. 1. The state of being fortunate. 2. Good 
fortune ; a favorable issue or event. 

LUGKHjESS, a. 1. Unfortunate ; meeting with ill success. 
2. Unfortunate ; producing ill or no good. Dryden. 

LUCKW, a. 1. Fortunate ; meeting with good success. 2. 
Fortunate ; producing good by chance ; favorable. 

Lu CRA-TIVE, a. \Yx. lucratif ; Lt. lucrativus.] Gainful; 
profitable ; making increase of money or goods. 

LO'CRE, (lu'ker) n. [L. lucrum ; Fr. lucre.] Gain in mon- 
ey or goods; profit; tisually in ati ill sense, or tcith the 
sense of something base or U7i worthy. 

fLU'CRE, V. i. To have a desire of pecuniary advantage. 
Anderson. 

LU-€RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. lucrum and fcro.] Gainful ; 
profitable, ^ittle ttsed.] Boyle. 

t LU-€RIF'IC, a. [L. lucrian and facio.] Producing 
profit; gainful. 

LUC-TA'TION, 71. [L. luctatio.] Stniggle ; contest; ef- 
fort to overcome in contest. [Little ttsed.] 

IdjC'TU-AL, a. [I4. luctv^.] Producing grief. 

Lti'CU-BRATE, v. i. [L. lucubro.] To study by candle- 
light or a lamp ; to study by night. 

LU-CU-BRa'TION, n. 1. Study by a lamp or by candle- 
light ; nocturnal study. 2. That which is composed by 


night ; that which is produced by meditation in retire- 
ment. 

Ltj'CU-BRA-TO-RY, a. Composed by candle-light or by 
night. 

LU'CU-LENT, a. [L. luculenttis.] 1. Lucid ; clear; trans- 
parent. 2. Clear ; evident ; luminous. 

Lu'CUL-LITE, 71. A subspecies of carbonate of lime. 

LU-DIB'RI-OUS, a. [L. ludibrnosus.] Sportive; wanton. 
J. Barlow. 

Lu'DI-CROUS, a. [L. ludicer.] Sportive ; burlesque ; adapt- 
ed to raise laughter, without scorn or contempt. 

LC'D1-€R0US-LY, ado. Sportively ; in burlesque ; in a 
manner to raise laughter without contempt. 

Lu'DI-CROUS-NESS, n. Sportiveness ; the quality of ex- 
citing laughter without contempt ; merry cast. 

LU-DI-FI-C action, 7?. [L.ludificor.] The act of deriding. 

LU-DIFT-CA-TO-RY, a. Making sport ; exciting derision. 

LUFF, 71 . [Goth, lofa.] The palm of the hand. 

LUFF, 71. [Fr. lof; G. loof.] Weather-gage, or part towards 
the wind ; or the sailing of a ship close to the wind. 

LUFF, V. i. [D. loeven.] To turn the head of a ship to- 
wards the wind ; to sail nearer the wind. 

LUFF^-TAC-KLE, n. A large tackle not destined for any 
particular place in the ship, but movable. 

LUG, V. t. [Sax. Ujcean, aluccan, geluggia7i.] 1. To haul ; 
to drag ; to pull with force, as something heavy and mov- 
ed with difficulty. 2. To carry or convey with labor. — 
To lug out, to draw a sword, in burlesque. Dryden. 

LUG, V. i. To drag ; to move heavily. Drtjden. 

LUG, n. 1. A small fisn. — 2. In Scotla7id,an ear; [06s.] 
3. A pole or perch, a land-measure ; [06s. J 4. Something 
heavy to be drawn or carried ; [vulgar.] 

LUG'GAGE, 71. 1. Any thing cumbersome and heavy to bo 
carried ; traveling baggage. 2. Something of more 
weight than value. 

LUG'GER, n. [D. loger.] A vessel carrying three masts 
with a running bowsprit and lug-sails. 

LUGGS, 71. An insect like an earth-worm, but having legs. 

LUG'SaIL, 71. A square sail bent upon a yard that hangs 
obliquely to the mast at one third of its length. 

LU-GU^BRI-OUS, a. [h. lugubTus.] Mournful; indicating 
sorrow. Decay of Piety, 

LUKE, or LECKE, a. [Sax. wIcbc,] Not fully hot. 

LuKE'NESS, or LEuKE'NESS, 71. Moderate warmth. Ort. 
Tocab. 

LuKE'WARM, a. [Sax. vlaco, vlacian.] 1. Moderately 
warm ; tepid. 2. Not ardent ; not zealous ; cool ; indif- 
ferent. 

LuKEAVARM-LY, adv. 1. With moderate warmth. 2. 
With indifierence ; coolly. 

LUKEWARM-NESS, 7i. 1. A mild or moderate heat. 2. 
Indifference ; want of zeal or ardor ; coldness. 

LULL,u. t. [Dan. luller ; G., D, lulle7i.] To quiet; to com- 
pose ; to cause to rest. 

LULL, V. i. To subside ; to cease ; to become calm. 

LULL, 71. Power or quality of soothing. Young. 

LULL' A-BY, 71 . [hill and by.] A song to quiet babes ; that 
which quiets. Locke. 

LULLED, pp. Guieted ; appeased ; composed to rest. 

LULL'ER, 71 . One that lulls ; one that fondles. 

LULL'ING, ppr. Stilling; composing to rest. 

LUM, 11. Jjqu. Sax. leo7na.] The chimney of a cottage. 

LUM'A-CHEL, ) n. A calcarious stone composed of 

LUM-A-€HEL'LA, \ shells and coral. 

LUM-BAG'I-NOUS, a. Pertaining to lumbago. Cheij7ie. 

LUM-Ba^GO, 71 . [L. lumbus.] A pain in the loins and small 
of the back, such as precedes certain fevers. A rheumat- 
ic affection of the muscles about the loins. 

LUM'B '\R^ I Pertaining to the loins. 

LUM'BER, 7?. [Sax. leoma } Sw. lumpor ; G. lumpen.] 1. 
Any thing useless and cumbersome, or things bulky and 
thrown aside as of no use. — 2. In America, timber sawed 
or split for use ; as beams, boards, &c. 3. Harm ; mischief ; 
Uoca/.] Pegge. 

LUM'BER, V. t. 1. To heap together in disorder. 2. To 
fill with lumber. 

LUM'BER, V. i. To move heavily, as if burdened with his 
own bulk. 

LUM'BER-ROOM, n. A place for the reception of lumber 
or useless things. 

LUM'BRIG, 71. [L. Iumh7'icus.] A worm. Med. Repos. 

LUM'BRI-CAL, a. [L. hwibricus.] Resembling a worm. 

LUM'BRI-CAL, a. Pertaining to the loins. 

LUM'BRI-CAL, 71 . A muscle of the fingers and toes, so 
named from its resembling a worm. 

LUM-BRIC'I-FORM,g. [L. ZitmfincMx?.] Resembling a worm 
in shape. 

Ltj'Ml-NA-RY, 71. [L. liminore.] 1. Any body that gives 
light, but chiefly one of the celestial orbs. 2. One that 
illustrates nnv subject, or enlightens mankind. 

fLu'MI-NATE, u. t. [L. lumino.] To give light to; to 
illuminate. 

LU-MI-Na'TION. See Illumination*. 


t Obsolete. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BTJLT^, UXITE.—C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TII as in this. 


LUR 


508 


LUS 


t LO'MINE, r. £. To enlighten. See Illumine. 

LU-MI-NIF'EIl-OUSj a. [L. lumen.] Producing light. 

Lu'MI-NOUS, a. [L. luminosus.] 1 . Shining ; emitting 
light. 2 . Light j illuminated. 3 . Bright 3 shining. 4 . 
Clear. 

Lu'Ml-NOUS-LY, adv. With brightness or clearness. 

LU'MI-NOUS-NESS, n. 1 . The quality of being bright or 
shining 3 brightness 3 Encyc. 2 . Clearness 3 perspicu- 
ity. 

LUMP, 71 . [G., Dan. and Sw. Mump.] 1 . A small mass of 
matter of no definite shape. 2 . A mass of things blended 
or thrown together without order or distinction. 3 . A 
cluster . — In the lump^ the whole together 3 in gross. 

LUMP, V. t. 1 . To throw into a mass 3 to unite in a body or 
sum without distinction of particulars. 2 . To take in the 
gross. 

LUMP'EN, n. A long fish of a,greenish color, and marked 
with lines. 

LUMPFISH, 71 . A thick fish of the genus cycloptems. 

LUMP'ING, ppr. 1 . Throwing into a mass or sum. 2 . a. 
Bulky 3 heavy 3 [a low ^Dord.] Arbuthnot. 

LUMP'ISH, a. 1 . Like a lump 3 heavy 3 gross 3 bulky. 
Dnjden. 2 . Dull 3 inactive. Shak. 

LUM P'ISH-LY, ady. Heavily 3 with dullness. 

LUMP^ISH-NESS, 71 . Heaviness 3 dullness 3 stupidity. 

LUMP'Y, a. Full of lumps or small compact masses. 

Lu'NA COR'NE-A. Muriate of silver. Ure. 

Lu'NA-CY, n. [from L. luna.] 1 . A species of insanity 
or madness, supposed to be infloenced by the moon, or 
periodical in the month. 2 . Madness in general. 

Ltj'NAR, or Lu'NA-RY, a. [L. lunaris.] 1 . Pertaining to 
the moon. 2 . Measured by the revolutions of the moon. 
3 . Resembling the moon 5 orbed. 4 . Under the influence 
of the moon 3 [o&s .] — Lunar caustic, nitrate of silver, 
fused in a low heat. J^Tichrlson. 

LU-Na'RI-AN, n. An inhabitant of the moon. 

Lu'NA-RY, 71 . Moonwort, a plant of the genus lunaria, 

Lu'NA-TED, a. Formed like a half-moon. 

Lu'NA-TIC, a. Affected by a species of madness, supposed 
to be influenced by the moon. 

Lu'NA-TIC, 77. A person affected by insanity, supposed to 
be influenced or produced by the moon, or by its position 
in its orbit 5 a madman. 

LU-Na'TILN, 71 . [L. lunatio ] A revolution of the moon. 

LUNCH, ) 77. [W. Ihcnc.] A portion of food taken at 

LUNCH'E6N, j any time, except at a regular meal. 

LUNE, 77. [L. luna.] 1 Any thing in the shape of a half- 
moon ; [Z. 77.] Watts. 2 . A fit of lunacy or madness, or 
a freak 3 [o6s.] 3 . A leash. 

Lu'NET, )n. \Yx. lunette.] 1 . In fortijication, an en- 

LU-NETTE', ) veloped counterguard, or elevation of earth 
made beyond the second ditch, opposite to the places of 
arms. — ^ 2 . In the manege, a half horse-shoe, which wants 
the spunge, or that part of the branch which runs towards 
the quarters of the foot. 3 . A piece of felt to cover the 
eye of a vicious horse. 

Ltj'NET, 77. A little moon. Bp. Hall. 

LUNG, 77. [Sax. lungen ; G., Dan. lunge.] 1 . The lungs 
are the organs of respiration in man and many other ani- 
mals. — ^ 2 . Formerly, a person having a strong voice, and 
a sort of servant. 

LUNGE, 77. [See Allonge.] A sudden push or thrust. 

LUNGED, a. Having lungs, or the nature or resemblance 
of lungs 5 drawing in and expelling air. Dryden. 

LUN'GE-OUS, a. Spiteful 5 malicious. 

LUNG'GRoWN, a. Having lungs that adhere to the pleura. 
Harvey. 

LUN'GIS, 77. [Fr. longis.] A lingerer , a dull, drowsy fel- 
low. 

LUNG'WGRT, n. A plant of the genus pulmonaria. 

LU'NI-FORM, a. [L. luna and form.] Resembling the 
moon. 

LU-NI-So'LAR, a. [L. luna and soZaT-Z^.] Compounded 
of the revolutions of the sun and moon. 

Lu'NIS-TICE, 77. [L. luna and sto.] The fartliest point of 
the moon’s northing and southing, in its monthly revolu- 
tion. 

LUNT, 77. [D. lont ; Dan. lunte.] The match-cord used for 
firing cannon. Johnson. 

Lu'NU-LAR, a. [from L. Z77770.] In botany, like the new 
moon 3 shaped like a small crescent. 

Lu'NU-LATE, a. [from L. luna.] In botany, resembling 
a small crescent. 

Lu'PER-CAL, a. Pertaining to the lupercalia, or feasts of 
the Romans in honor of Pan ; as a noun, the feast itself. 

Lu'PiNE, 77. [Fr. Z7777777 ,* Jj. lupimis.] A kind of pulse. 

Lu'PIN, a. Like a wolf. Bp. Oauden. 

Lu'PU-LIN, 77. [L. lupulus.] The fine yellow powder of 
hops. A. W. Ives. 

LURCH, 77. [W. Here.] In seamen's language, a sudden 
roll of a ship . — To leave in the lurch, to leave in a difficult 
situation. 

LURCH, V. i. 1 . To roll or pass suddenly to one side, as a 
ship in a heavy sea. 2 . To withdraw to one side, or to a 


A, E, T, 6 , U, Y, lojig.—Y^Jl, FALL, 


private place 3 to lie in ambush or in secret 3 to lie close. 
[See Lurk.] 3. To shift 3 to play tricks. 

LURCH, 77. t. 1 . To defeat 3 to disappoint, that is, to evade 3 
[Z. 77.] 2 . To steal 3 to filch ; to pilfer 3 [Z. 77.] 
t LURCH, V. t. [L. lurco.] To swallow or eat greedily 3 
to devour. Bacon. 

LURCH'ER, 77. 1 . One that lies in wait, or lurks 3 one 
that watches to pilfer, or to betray or entrap 5 a poacher. 
2 . A dog that watches for his game. 3 . [L. lurco.] A 
glutton 5 a gormandizer, 
t LUR'D AN, a. Blockish. Johnson. 
t LUR'DAN, 77. A clown 3 a blockhead. 

LURE, 77. [Fr. leurre.] 1 . Something held out to call a 
hawk ; hence, 2 . Any enticement 5 that which invites 
by the prospect of advantage or pleasure. 

LURE, V. i. To call hawks. Bacon. 

LURE, V. t. To entice 3 to attract 3 to invite by any thing 
that promises pleasure or advantage. 

LuRED, pp. Enticed 5 attracted 3 invited by the hope of 
pleasure or advantage. 

Lu'RID, a. [L. luridus.] Gloomy 3 dismal. 

LuR'ING, ppr. Enticing 3 calling. 

LURK, 77. 7. [W. ZZerc7G?7.] 1 . To lie hid 3 to lie in wait. 
2 . To lie concealed or unperceived. 3 . To retire from 
public observation ; to keep out of sight. 

LURK'ER, 77. One that lurks or keeps out of sight. 
LURK'ING, ppr. Lying concealed 3 keeping out of sight. 
LURK'ING-PL ACE, n. A place in which one lies conceal- 
ed 3 a secret place 3 a hiding-place 3 a den. 

LUR'RY, 77. A crowd 3 a throng 3 aheap. World of Won- 
ders. 

LUS'CIOUS, a. 1 . Sweet or rich so as to cloy or nauseate 3 
sweet to excess. 2 . Very sweet 5 delicious 3 grateful to 
the taste. 3 .- Pleasing 3 delightful. 4 . Fullsome. 5 . 
Smutty 3 obscene 5 [w7777s^i7aZ.l 

LUS'CIOUS-LY, adv. 1. With sweetness or richness that 
cloys or nauseates. 2 . Obscenely. Steele. 
LUS'CIOUS-NESS, n. Immoderate richness or sweetness 
that cloys or offends. Mortimer. 

Ltj'SERN, 77. A lynx. Johnson. 
fLUSH, a. Of a dark, deep, full color. Shak. 
t LUSK, a. [Fr. lasche.] Lazy ; slothful, 
t LUSK, 77. A lazy fellow 3 a lubber. 

LUSK'ISH, a. Inclined to be lazy. Marston. 
LUSK'ISH-LY, adv. Lazily. 

t LUSJC'ISH-NESS, n. Disposition to indolence 5 laziness. 
LU-So'RI-OUS, a. [L. lusorius.] Used in play 3 sportive. 
^Little xised.] Sanderson. 

LU'SO-RY, a. [L. lusonus.] Used in play 5 playful. 
LUST, 77. [Sax., G., D., Sw. lust.] 1 . Longing desire 3 eag- 
erness to possess or enjoy. 2 . Concupiscence 3 carnal 
appetite 3 unlawful desire of carnal pleasure. 3 . Evil 
propensity 3 depraved affections and desires. 4 . Vigor 3 
active power 3 [oZ>5.] 

LUST, V. i. [Sax. lustan.] 1 . To desire eagerly 3 to long 5 
with after. 2 . To have carnal desire 3 to desire eagerly 
the gratification of carnal appetite. 3 . To have irregular 
or inordinate desires. 4 . To list 3 to like. 

LUST'FUL, a. 1 . Having lust, or eager desire of carnal grat- 
ification 3 libidinous. 2 . Provoking to sensuality 5 incit- 
ing to lust, or exciting carnal desire. 3 . Vigorous 3 robust 3 
stout. 

LUST'FUL-LY, adv. With concupiscence or carnal desire. 
LUST'FIjL-NESS, 77. The state of having carnal desires 5 
libidinousness. 

I LUST'I-HOOd| I of body. Spenser. 

LUST'I-LY,* adv. With vigor of body ; stoutly. 
LUST'I-NESS, 77. Vigor of body 3 stoutness 3 strength 3 ro- 
bustness ; sturdiness. Dryden. 

LUST'ING, ppr. Having eager desire 3 having carnal 
appetite. 

LUST'ING, 77. Eager desire 3 inordinate desire 3 desire of 
carnal gratification. 

t LUST'LESS, a. 1 . Listless ; not willing. 2 . Not vigorous. 
LUS'TRAL, a. [L. Z77sZraZ75.] 1 . Used in purification. 2 . 
Pertaining to purification. 

LUS'TRATE, v. t. [L. lustro.] 1 . To make clear or pure 3 
to purify ; [see Illustrate.] 2. To view 5 to survey. 
LUS-TRA'TION, n. 1 . The act or operation of making 
clear or pure 3 a cleansing or purifying by water. — 2 . In 
antiquity, the sacrifices or ceremonies by which cities, 
fields, armies or people, defiled by crimes, were purified. 
LUS'TRE, 1 77. [Fr. lustre; E. lustrum.] 1 . Brightness 3 
LUS'TER, j splendor 3 gloss. 2 . The splendor of birth, 
of deeds, or of fame 5 renown 5 distinction. 3 . A sconce 
with lights 3 a branched candlestick of glass. 4 . [L. lus- 
trum.] The space of five years. 

LUS'TRT-€AL, a. Pertaining to purification. Middleton. 

* LUS'TRING, 77. A species of glossy silk cloth. [Corruptly 
\v’’ritten and pronounced lutestring.] 

LUS'TROUS, a. Bright 5 shining ; luminous. Shak. 
LUS'TRUM, 77. in ancient Rome, the space of five years. 
LUST'-STaINED, a. Defiled by lust. Shak. 


7 HAT 3— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3— t Obsolete. 


* See Synapsis. 


MAC 


509 


MAC 


LUST'WoUT, n. A plant of the genus drosera. 

LUST'Y, a. [Dan. lustig-.] 1. iStout ; vigorous ; robust ; 
healthful; able of body. 2. Bulky; large; of great 
size. 3. Handsome ; pleasant ; saucy ; [ois.] 4. Copious ; 
plentiful. 5. Pregnant; a colloquial use. 

Ltj'TA-NfST,7J. A person that plays on the lute. 

LU-Ta'RI-OUS, a. [L. lutarius.] 1. Pertaining to mud; 
living in mud. 2. Of the color of mud. Grew. 

LU-Ta'TION, 71. The act or method of luting vessels. 

LUTE, 77. [Fr. lut.h j li. liuto ; Sp. laud', J). luit.] An in- 
strument of music with strings. 

LUTE, ) 71. [L. ZitfMra.] Among chemists, a composition 

LuT'ING, I of clay or other tenacious substance, used for 
stopping the juncture of vessels. 

LUTE, V. t. To close or coat, with lute. Bacon. 

LuTE'CASE, n. A case for a lute. Shak. 

LOT ED, pp. Closed with lute. 

LuT'E-JN'IST, 77. A performer on the lute. Bushy. 

LuT'ER, or LuT'lST, n. One who plays on a lute. 

LuTE'STRING, n. The string of a lute. Shak. 

LDTE'STRING. See Lustring. 

Lu THER-AN, a. Pertaining to Luther, the reformer. 

Lu THER-AN, 77. A disciple or follower of Luther. 

LU''J'HER-AN-ISM, n. The doctrines of religion as taught 
by Luther. 

Lu'THERN, 77. In architecture, a kind of window over the 
cornice, in the roof of a building. 

LuT'ING, 2 )pr. Closing with lute. 

IjU'TU-LENT, a. [X. Lutulentus.'] Muddy; turbid ; thick. 

LUX, 1 V. t. [X. luxo ; Fr. luxer.'\ To displace, or re- 

LUX'ATE, j move from its proper place, as a joint ; to 
put out of joint ; to dislocate. 

LUX'A-TED, pp. Put out of joint; dislocated. 

LUX^A-TING, ppr. Removing or forcing out of its place, as 
a joint ; dislocating. 

LUX-a'TION, 77. 1. The act of moving or forcing a joint 
from its proper place or articulation ; or the state of being 
thus put out of joint. 2. A dislocation ; that which is dis- 
located. 

t LUXE, 77. Luxury. 

LUX-U'RI-ANCF, | n, [L. luxurians.] 1. Rank growth ; 

LUX-U'RI-AN-CY, | strong, vigorous growth ; exube- 
rance. 2. Excessive or superfluous growth. 

LUX-U'RI-ANT, a. 1. Exuberant in growth ; abundant. 

2. Exuberant in plenty; superfluous in abundance. — 3. 

A luxuriant flower multiplies the covers of the fructifica- 
tion so as to destroy the essential parts. 

LUX-U'RI-ANT-LY, adc. With exuberant growth. 

LUX-U'R[-ATE, V. i. To grow exuberantly, or to grow to 
superfluous abundance. 

LUX-U-Ri-A'TlON, 71. The process of growing exuberant- 
ly, or beyond the natural growth. Lee. 

LUX-U'RI-OUS, a. [Fr. luxurieux ; ~L. luxuriosus.] 1. Vo- 
luptuous ; indulging freely or excessively the gratification 
of appetite, or in expensive dress and equipage. 2. Ad- 
ministering to luxury ; contributing to free or extravagant 
indulgence in diet, dress and equipage. 3. Furnished 
with luxJiries. 4. Softening by pleasure, or free indul- 
gence in luxury. 5. Lustful ; libidinous ; given to the 
gratification of lust. 6. Luxuriant ; exuberant ; [065.] j j 


LUX-U^RI-OUS-LY, adv. In abundance of rich diet, dress 
or equipage ; deliciously ; voluptuously. 

LUX'U-RIST, 77. One given to luxury. Temple. 

LUX'U-RY, 71. [li. luxuria.'\ 1. A free or extravagant in- 
dulgence in the pleasures of the table ; voluptuousness in 
the gratification of appetite ; the free indulgence in costly 
dress and equipage. 2. That which gratifies a nice and 
fastidious appetite ; a dainty ; any delicious food or drink. 
3. Any thing delightful to the senses. 4. Lust ; lewd 
desire; 5, Luxuriance; exuberance of growth; 

[ofts.] 

LY, a termination of adjectives, is a contraction of Sax. lie, 
G. licit, D. Itjk, Dan. lige, Sw. lik, Eng. like', as in lovely, 
manly, that is, love-like, man-like. 

LY'AM, 77. A leash for holding a hound. Dt'ayton. 


LY-€AN'TIIRO-PY, n. [Gr. AuicavOfiwTria.] A madness.- 

LY-CeXM, 77, [L.] A school ; a literary association. 

LY-€OS'TOM, 77. A Baltic fish resembling a herring. 

LYDT-AN, a. [from Lydia.] Noting a kind of soft, slow 
music, anciently in vogue. Milton. 

LYDfi-AN STONE, n. Flinty slate. Ure. 

LYE, 77. [Sax. leak.] Water impregnated with alkaline 
salt imbibed from the ashes of wood. 

LYE, 77. A falsehood. See Lie. 

LY'ING, ppr. of lie. Being prostrate. See Lie. 

LY'ING, ppr. of fie. Telling falsehood . — Lying in. 1. Being 
in childbirth. 2. n. The act of bearing a child. 

LY'INGXY, adv. Falsely ; without truth. Sherwood. 

LYM'NITE, 77. A kind of fresh-water snail, found fossil. 

LYMPH, 71. [L. lympha.] Water, or a colorless fluid in an- 
imal bodies, separated from the blood and contained in 
certain vessels called lymphatics. 

IYMPH^\7'F ) 

LYMPH'A-TED S madness ; raving. 

LYM-PHATT€,’a. 1. Pertaining to lymph. 2. Enthusi- 
astic ; [776s.] Shaftesbury. 

LYM-PHAT'1€, n. 1. A vessel of animal bodies which 
contains or conveys lymph. 2. A mad enthusiast ; a lu- 
natic ; [065.] 

LYMPH'E-DU€T, 77. [L. lympha and ductus.] A vessel of 
animal bodies which conveys the lymph. 

LYM-PHOG'RA-PHY, n. [L. Iy7npha, and Gr. ypa0o).] 
A description of the lymphatic vessels. 

LYN'DEN-TREE, 77. A plant. 

LYNX, 77. [L. hjtix.] A quadruped of the genmfelis, cel- 
ebrated for the sharpness of his sight. 

Ly'RATE, ) a. In botat.y, divided transversely into sev- 

LYXA-TED, ) eral jags, the lower ones smaller and more 
remote from each other than the upper ones. 

LYRE, 77. [Fr. lyre ; L. lyra.] A stringed instrument of 
music, a kind of harp much used by the ancients. 


J YRT€, 
LYR'I-€AL 


a. [L. Itjricus ; Fr. lyrique.] Pertaining to a 
lyre or harp. 

LYR'IG, 77. A composer of lyric poems. Addison. 
LYR'I-CISM, 71. A lyric composition. Gray. 

LY'RIST, 71. A musician who plays on the harp or lyre. 
LYS, 77. A Chinese measure of length, equal to 533 yards. 
LY-Te'RI-AN, a. [Gr. ^77777^70?.] In medical science, ter- 
minating a disease ; indicating the solution of a disease. 
LYTH'RODE, n. A mineral found in Norway. 



M is the thirteenth letter of the English Alphabet, and a 
labial articulation, formed by a compression of the 
lips. It is called a semi-vowel, and its sound is uniform ; 
as in ma7i, time, rhn. 

M is a nu7neral letter, and, among the ancients, stood for a 
thousand ; a use which is retained by the moderns. With 

a dash or stroke over it, M, it stands for a thousand times 
a thousand, or a million. 

A. M. or M. A. stands for artium magister, master of arts ; 
M. D. for tnedicitim doctor, doctor of medicine ; A. M. for 
anno mundi, the year of the world ; MS. for ma 7 iuscript ; 
MSS. for manuscripts. 

MAB,77. [W. mab.] 1. In northern mythology, the queen of 
the imaginary beings called /airier. 2. A slattern. 

MAB, V. i. To dress negligently. Ray. 

MAC, in names of Scotch and Irish origin, signifies son. See 
Maid. 

MAC-A-Ro'NI, 77. [It. maccheroni.] 1. A kind of paste 
made of flour, eggs, sugar and almonds, and dressed with 
butter and spices. 2. A sort of droll or fool, and, hence, a 
fop ; a fribble ; a finical fellow. 

MA€-A-RON'IC, a. 1. Pertaining to or like a macaroni ; 
empty ; trifling ; vain ; affected. 2. Consistingof a mix- 
ture or jumble of ill-formed or ill-connected words. 
MAC-A-RON'IC, 77. A kind of burlesque poetry, in which 


words of different languages are intermixed, and native 
words are made to end in Latin tenninations, or Latin 
words are modernized. Jones. 

MAC-A-ROON'. The same as macaroni. 

MA-€AU'€0, 77. A name of several species of quadrupeds 
of the genus lemur. Encyc. 

MA-C AW', or MA-€a'0, n. The name of a race of beauti- 
ful fowls of the parrot kind, under the genus psittacus. 

MA-CAW'-TREE, 77. A species of palm tree. Miller. 

MAC'CA-BEESS, n. The name of two apocryphal books in 
the Bible. 

MAC'CO-BOY, 77. A kind of snuff. 

MACE, 77. [It. mazia ; Sp. maza ; Port, maga.] An ensign 
of authority borne before magistrates. 

MACE, 77. [L. macis.] A spice ; the second coat which cov- 
ers the nutmeg. 

MaCE'-ALE, 77. Ale spiced with mace. Wiseman. 

MaCE'-BEAR-ER, 77. A person who carries a mace. 

MAC'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. macero.] 1. To make lean ; to 
wear away. 2. To mortify ; to harass with corporeal 
hardships ; to cause to pine or waste away. 3. To steep 
almost to solution ; to soften and separate the parts of a 
substance by steeping it in a fluid, or by the digestive 
process. 

MAC'ER-A-TED, pp. Made thin or lean ; steeped almost to 
solution. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE ; — BIJLL, UNITE. — C asK;CasJ;SasZ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 


MAG 


MAD 


510 


Making 


lean ^ steeping almost to 


MAC'ER-A-TING, ppr. 
solution ; softening. . 

MAC-ER-a'TION, n. 1. The act or the process of making 
thin or lean by wearing away, or by mortification. 2. 
The act, process or operation of softening and almost dis- 
solving by steeping in a fluid. 

MaCE'-REED, or REED'-MACE, n. A plant. 

MACH-I-A-VeL'IAN, a. [from Machiavel.] Pertaining to 
Machiavel, or denoting his principles; politically cun- 
ning ; crafty : cunning in political management. 

MA€H-I-A-VeL/IAN, n. One who adopts the principles of 
Machiavel. 

MA€H'1-A-VEL-ISM, w. The principles of Machiavel j po- 
litical cunning and artifice. 

MA€H-I-CO-La'TION, n. [Fr. meche and couler.] In old 
cflstlcs, the pouring of hot substances through apertures in 
the upper part of the gate upon assailants ; or the aper- 
tures tiiemselves. 

MA€H'I-NAL, a. Pertaining to machines. Diet. 

MA€H/I-NATE, V. t. [L. machinor.'] To plan ; to contrive : 
to form a scheme. Sandys. 

MA€H'I-NA-TED, pp. Planned ; contrived. 

MA€H'I-NA-TING, ppr. Contriving ; scheming. 

MACH-I-Na'TION, n. [Fr.] The act of planning or con- 
triving a scheme for executing some purpose, particularly ^ 
an evil purpose ; an artful design formed with delibera- 
tion. 

MACH'I-NA-TOR, 71. One that forms a scheme, or who 
plots with evil designs. Olanville. 

MA-CHiNE', 71. [Fr. ; L. machina.] 1. An artificial work, 
simple or complicated, that serves to apply or regulate 
moving power, or to produce motion, so as to save time or 
force. 2. An engine ; an instrument of force. 3. Super- 
natural agency in a poem, or a superhuman being intro- 
duced into a poem to perform some exploit. 

MA-CHIN'ER-Y, ti. 1. A complicated work, or combination 
of mechanical powers in a work, designed to increase, 
regulate or apply motion and force. 2. Machines in gen- 
eral. — 3. In epic and dramatic poetry, superhuman beings 
introduced by the poet to solve difficulty, or perforin some 
exploit which exceeds human power. 

t MA-CHIN'ING, a. Denoting the machinery of a poem. 

MA-CHFNIST, 71. [Fr. machaniste.] A constructor of ma- 
chines and engines, or one well versed in the principles of 
machines. 

MA-CIG'NO, 71. [It.] A species of stone. Cyc. 

MAC'I-LEN-CY, ti. [See Mac iL£NT.] Leanness. 

MAC'I-LENT, a. [L. macilent-us.] Lean ; thin. 

MACK, n. V a corruption of make, in the JSTorth of England.] 
A sort ; a kind ; a fashion. 

MA€K'ER-EL, 71. [D. mackreel ; G. mackrele.] A species 
of fish of the genus scomber, an excellent table fish. 

MACK'ER-EL, n. [Old Fr. maquerel.] A pander or pimp. 

MA€K'ER-EL-GaLE, 77., in Dryden, may mean a gale that 
ripples the surface of the sea. 

^dACK'ER-EL-SKY, n. A sky streaked or marked like a 
mackerel. Hooke. 

MAC'LE, 71. A name given to chiastolite or hollow spar. 

MA€-Lu'RITE, n. A mineral. ATuttall. 

MAC'RO-COSMj 71. [Gr. poKpos and Koepog,] The great 
world ; the universe, or the visible system of worlds. 

MA-€R0L'0-GY, n. [Gr. paKpog and Xoyoj.] Long and'’^ 
tedious talk ; prolonged discourse without matter ; super- 
fluity of words. 

MAC-Ta'TION, 71. [L. macto.] The act of killing a victim 
for sacrifice. Encyc. 

MA€'U-LA, 71. [L.] A spot, as on the skin, or on the sur- 
face of tlie sun or other luminous orb. 

MAC'L’-LATE, v. t. [L. maculo.] To spot ; to stain. 

MAC'U-LATE, ) ^ 

MA€'U-LA-TED, \ 

MA€-U-La'TION, n. The act of spotting ; a spot ; a stain. 

MAG'ULE, 71. A spot. [Little used.] 

MAD, a. [Sax. gemaad ; Ir. amadj It. matto.] 1. Disordered 
in intellect ; distracted ; furious. 2. Proceeding from dis- 
ordered intellect or expressing it. 3. Enraged ; furious. 
4. Inflamed to excess with desire ; excited with violent 
and unreasonable passion or appetite ; infatuated. 5. 
Distracted with anxiety or trouble ; extremely perplexed. 
6. Infatuated with folly. 7. Inflamed with anger ; very 
angry, .drbuthnot. 8. Proceeding from folly or infatua- 
tion. 


]\1 AD, V. t. To make mad, furious or angry. Sidney. 

MAD, V. i. To be mad, furious or wild. Spenser. 

MAD, or MADE, n. [Sax., Goth, matha.] An earth-w’orni. 
Ray. 

MAD'AM, n. [Fr. ma, and dame.] An appellation or com- 
plimentary title given to married and elderly ladies, or 
chiefly to them. 

MAD'AP-PLE, n. A plant of the genus solanum. 

MAD'BRAIN, \ a. Disordered in mind ; hot-headed : 

MAD'BRAINED, j rash. Shak. 

MAD'CAP, 71. [mad-caput or cap.] A violent, rash, hot- 
headed i^rson j a madman. 


MAD'DEN, (mad'n) v. t. To make mad. Thomson. 
MAD'DEN, V. i. To become mad ; to act as if mad. 
MAD'DENED, pp. Rendered mad. 

MAD'DEN-ING, ppr. Making mad or angry. 

MAD'DER, 71. [Sax. maddere'.] A plant which is much used 
in dyeing red. 

MAD'DING, ppr. of mad. Raging; furious. Dryden. 
MAD'DLE, V. i. To forget ; to wander ; to be in a kind of 
confusion. Brockett. 

MADE, pret. and pp. of make. 

MAD-E-FA€'TION, 71. [E. madefacio,] The act of making 
wet. 

MAD'E-FIED, pp. Made wet. Bacon. 

MADE-FY, V. t. [L. inadefio.] To make wet or moist ; to 
moisten. [JWt much used.] 

MAD'E-FY-ING, ppr. Making moist or wet. 

MA-DEI'RA, 77. A rich wine made on the isle of Madeira. 
MAD-EM-OI-SELLE', (mad-em-wa-zelP) ti. [Fr. mannd de- 
moiselle.] A young woman, or the title given to one ; miss. 
MAD'HEAD-EDj a. Hot-brained ; rash. Shak. 
MAD'HOUSE, 77. A house where insane persons are con- 
fined for cure or for restraint, 
t MAD'ID, a. [L. madidusA Wet ; moist. 
MADGE-HOWLET, 77. [Fr. machette.] An owl. 

MAD'LY, adv. Without reason or understanding ; rashly j 
wildly. 

MAD'MAN, 77. 1. A man raving or furious with disordered 
intellect ; a distracted man. 2. A man without under- 
standing. 3. One inflamed with extravagant passion, and 
acting contrary to reason. 

MAD'NESS, 77. 1. Distraction ; a state of disordered reason 
or intellect, in which the patient raves or is furious. 2. 
Extreme folly ; headstrong passion and rashness that act 
in opposition to reason. 3. Wildness of passion ; fury j 
rage. 

MA-D5WA, 1 n. [Sp. madona ; It. madonna.] A term of 
MA-DON'NA, I compellation equivalent to TwadaTn. It is 
given to the virgin Mary. 

MAD'RE-PORE, n. [Fr. madre, and pore.] A submarine 
substance of a stony hardness, resembling coral. 
MAD'RE-PO-RITE, n. A name given to certain petrified 
bones found in Normandy. 

MAD'RE-PO-RITE, 77. 1. A variety of limestone. 2. Fossil 
madrepore. 

MAD-RIeR', 77. [Fr.] A thick plank armed with iron 

plates, with a cavity to receive the mouth of a petard ; a 
plank used for supporting the earth in mines. 
MAD'RI-GAL, 77. [Sp., Port., Fr. madrigal ; It. madrigale.] 
1. A little amorous poem, sometimes called a pastoral 
poem. 2. An elaborate vocal composition in five or six 
parts. 

MAD'WGRT, 77. A plant of the genus alyssum. 

MAERE, adv. It is derived from tJie Saxon mer, famous, 
great, noted ; so .Mlmere is all-famous. Gibson. 
MAES-T5'SO, an Italian word signifying majestic, a direc- 
tion in music to play the part with grandeur and strength, 
t MAF'FLE, V. i. To stammer. Barret. 

MAF'FLER, n. A stammerer. Mnsioorth. 

MAG-A-ZINE', 77. [Fr. magazin : It. magazzino.] 1*. A 
store of arms, ammunition or provisions ; or the building 
in which such store is deposited. — 2. In ships of war, a 
close room in the hold, where the gunpowder is kept. 3. 
A pamphlet periodically published, containing miscella- 
neous papers or compositions. 

MAG-A-ZIN'ER, 77. One who writes for a magazine. [L.u.] 
t MAGE, 77. A magician. Spenser. 

MAG-EL-LAN'ie CLOUDS, n. Whitish clouds, or appear- 
ances like clouds, near the south pole. 

MAG'GOT, 77. [W. macai, plu. maceiod, magiod.] 1. A 
worm or grub ; particularly, the fly-worm. 2. A whim ; 
an odd fancy. 

MAG^GOT-TI-NESS, n. The state of aboundmg with mag- 
gots. 

MAG'GOT-Y, a. Full of maggots. 

MAG'GOT-Y-HEAD-ED, a. Having a head full of whims. 
Ma'GI, 77. plu. [L.] Wise men or philosophers of the East. 
MA'GI-AN, a. [L. magus ; Gr. payog.] Pertaining to the 
Magi, a sect of philosophers in Persia. 

MA'GI-AN, 77. One of the sect of the Persian Magi. 
iMA'GI-AN-ISM, 77. The philosophy of the Magi. 

MAGT€, 77 . [L. magia ; Gr. payeta.] 1. The art or science 
of putting into action the power of spirits ; sorcery ; en- 
chantment. 2. The secret operations of natural causes. 
MAG'ie, 1 a. 1. Pertaining to magic ; used in magic. 
MAG'E-€AL, ! 2. Performed by magic, the agency of 

spirits, or by the invisible powers of nature. 
MAG'I-€AL-LY, adv. By the arts of magic ; according to 
the rules or rites of magic ; by enchantment. 
MA-GI'CIAN, (ma-jish'an) n. One skilled in magic; one 
that practices the black art ; an enchanter ; a necroman- 
cer ; a sorcerer or sorceress. 

MAG-IS-Te'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a master ; such as 
suits a master ; authoritative. 2. Proud ; lofty ; arrogant ; 


• See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, C, Y, FAR, FALL, WH^\T PREY;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


MAG 511 MAI 


Imperious j domineering.— 3. In chemistry^ pertaining to 
magisterv, which see. 

MAG-iS-T£'RI-AL-LY, adv. With the air of a master j ar- 
rogantly 5 authoritatively. South, 
MA(j-IS-Te'RI-AL-NESS, n. The air and manner of a 
master ; haughciness ; imperiousness j peremptoriness. 

I MAG^IS-TEll-Y, 71. [L. via gist eruim.] Among chemists^ a 
precipitate 5 a fine substance deposited by precipitation ; 
usually applied to particular kinds of precipitate, 
MAG'IS-TKA-CY, n, 1. The office or dignity of a magis- 
trate. 2. The body of magistrates, 
t MAG'IS-TllAL, a. Suiting a magistrate ; authoritative, 
f MAG'IS-TRAL, 71. A sovereign medicine or remedy. 
fMAG-IS-TRAL'I-TY, n. Despotic authority in opinion, 
t MAG'IS-TRAL-LY, adv. Authoritatively. Bramhall, 
MAG'IS-TRATE, 71. [L. TTia^-istratas.] A public civil offi- 
cer, invested with the executive or judicial authority, or 
some branch of it. 

MxVG-lS-TRAT'I€, a. Having the authority of a magis- 
trate. 

MAG IS-TRxV-TURE, n, [Fr.] Magistracy. [Little used.] 
M.AG'NA €HaR'TA, n. [L. great charter.] 1. The great 
charter j so called, obtained by the English barons from 
King John, A. D. 1215. 2. A fundamental constitution 
which guarantees rights and privileges, 
t MxVG-IS ALT-TY, 71. [L. viagnalia.l A great thing. Brown, 
MAG-NA-NIM'I-TY, 71. [L, magnanimitas,^ Greatness of 
mind j that elevation or dignity of soul, which encounters 
danger and trouble with tranquillity and firmness. 
MAG-XAN'I-MOUS, a, [L. viagnanimus,] 1. Great of 
mind ; elevated in soul or in sentiment ; brave j disin- 
terested. 2. Dictated by magnanimity ; exhibiting noble- 
ness of soul ; liberal and honorable ; not selfish. 
MAG-NxVN'I-MOUS-LY, adv. With greatness of mind j 
bravely ; with dignity and elevation of sentiment. 
MAG-Nk'SIA, 71. [Fr. Tua^ne^ie.] A primitive earth, hav- 
ing for its base a substance called magnesium, 
MxVG-Ne'SIAN, a. Pertaining to magnesia. 

MAG'NE-SITE, 71. Carbonated magnesia. 

MAG-Ne'SIUM, n. The base of magnesia. 

MxVG'NET, n, [L.] The lodestone ; an ore of iron which 
has the peculiar properties of attracting metallic iron, of 
pointing to the poles, and of dipping or inclining down- 
wards. 

MAG-NETTC, | a. 1. Pertaining to the magnet ; pos- 
MAG-NET'I-CAL, j sessing the properties of the magnet, 
or corresponding properties. 2. Attractive. 
MAG-XET'I-€AL-LY, adv. By means of magnetism ; by 
the power of attraction. Burton. 

MAG-NET'I-CAL-NESS, ) n. The quality of being mag- 
1^1 AG-NET' IC-NESS, \ netic. 

MAG-NETTCS, 71 . The science of magnetism. 
MAG-NE-TIF ER-OUS, a. Producing magnetism. 
MAG'NET-ISM, n. 1. That branch of science which treats 
of the properties of the magnet, the power of the lode- 
stone, &c. 2. Power of attraction. — Animal magnetism 
sympathy supposed to exist between the magnet and the | 
human body. ! 

MAG'NET-iZE, v. t. To communicate magnetic properties I 
to any thing. 

MAG'NET-lZE, v. i. To acquire magnetic properties j to 
become magnetic. 

MxVG'NET-IZED, pp. Made magnetic. 

MAG'NET-IZ-ING, ppr. Imparting magnetism to. 
M.\G'NI-FI-A-BLE, a. That may be magnified 5 worthy of 
being magnified or extolled. 

MAG-N1F'I€’, ) a. [L. magnijicus.] Grand j splendid ; 
?.IAG-NIFT-t3x\.L, I illustrious. .Milton. 
MAG-N1F'I-€AI^LY, adv. In a magnificent manner, 
t MAG-NIF'I-CATE, v. t. To magnify or extol. Marston. 
MAG-NIFT-CENCE, n. [\j.magnificentia.'] Grandeur of ap- 
pearance ; greatness and splendor of show or state. 
MAG-NIF'I-CENT, a. 1. Grand in appearance ; splendid ; 

pompous. 2. Exhibiting grandeur. 
MAG-NIF'I-CENT-LY, adv. 1. With splendor of appear- 
ance, or pomp of show. 2. With exalted sentiments. 
MAG-NIF'I-€0, 71. A grandee of Venice. 8 hak. 

M AG'NI-FI-ER, 71. 1. One who magnifies ; one who extols 
or exalts in praises. 2. A glass that magnifies ; a convex 
lens which increases the apparent magnitude of bodies. 
MAG'NI-FY, V. t. [L. magnifico.] 1. To make great or great- 
er ; to increase the apparent dimensions of a body. 2. To 
nmkc great in representation ; to extol ; to exalt in de- 
scription or praise. 3. To extol j to exalt ; to elevate ; to 
raise in estimation. 

ftlAG'NI-FY-ING, pj7r. Enlarging apparent bulk or dimen- 
sions; extolling; exalting. 

MAG-NIL'0-Q,UENCE, 77. [L. 77ja^nM5 and loguerz.?.] A lofty 
manner of speaking ; tumid, pompous words or style. 
MAG'NI-TUDE, n. [L. magnitudo.] 1. Extent of dimen- 
sions or parts ; bulk ; size. 2. Greatness ; grandeur. 3. 
Greatness, in reference to influence or effect ; import- 
ance. 

MAG-No'LI-A, n. The laurel-leafed tulip-tree. 1 


I MxVG'PIE, 71. [W. piog ; h.picaj with mag.] A chattering 
bird of the genus corvus, 

MAG'UEY, 71. A species of aloe in Mexico. 

MAG/Y-DARE, n. [L. magudaris.] A plant. Ainsxcorth, 

MA-HOG'A-NY, n. A tree growing in the tropical climates 
of x\meiica, used for making beautiful and durable cabinet 
furniture. 

MA-H0M*E-TAN, or MO-HAM^ME-DAN. This word and 
the name of the Arabian prophet, so called, are written in 
many different ways. The best authorized and most cor- 
rect orthography seems to be Monammedj Mohammedan. 
See Mohammedan. 

Ma'HOUND, 71. Formerly, a contemptuous name for Mo- 
hammed and the devil, &c. Skelton. 

MAID, 71. A species of skate-fish. 

MAID, } n. [iiSiX. magth } G. magd.] 1. An unmarried 

MAID'EN, \ woman, or a young unmarried woman ; a 
virgin. 2. A female servant. 3. It is used in composi- 
tion, to express the feminine gender, as in maidservant. 

MAID'EN, 71. A maid ; also, an instrument for beheading 
criminals, and another for washing linen. 

MAID'EN, a, 1. Pertaining to a young woman or virgin. 

2. Consisting of young women or virgins. 3. Fresh ; 
new ; unused. 

MaID'EN, V. i. To speak and act demurely or modestly. 

MAID'EN-HAIR, 77. A plant of the genus adiantum. 

MAID'EN-HOOD, 77. [Sax. mcegdenhad, 7 ncDdenhad.] 1. The 
state of being a maid or virgin ; virginity. 2. Newness ; 
freshness ;_uncontaminated state. 

MAID'EN-LiKE, a. Like a maid ; modest. Shak. 

MAID'EN-LI-NESS, 77. The behavior that becomes a maid j 
modesty ; gentleness. Sherwood. 

MAID'EN-LIP, 77. A plant. Ainstcorth, 

MaID'EN-LY, a. Like a maid ; gentle ; modest. 

MAID'EN-LY, adv. In a maidenlike manner. 

MAID'HOOD, 71. Virginity. Shak, 

I MAID-IVI AR'I-AN, 77. A dance j so called from a buffoon 
dressed like a man. Temple. 

MAID'PALE, a. Pale, like a sick girl. Shak. 

MAID'-SER-VANT, 77. A female servant. Sieift. 

MAIL, 77. [Fr. maille.] 1. A coat of steel net-work, former- 
ly worn for defending the body against swords, poniards, 
&c. 2. Armor ; that which defends the body. — 3. In 
ships, a square machine composed of rings interwoven, 
like net-work, used for rubbing off the loose hemp on lines 
and white cordage. 4. [Sax. mal.l A rent : also, a spot ; 

[d&S.] 

Mail, 77. [Fr. malette, malle.] A bag for the conveyance 
of letters and papers, particularly letters conveyed from 
one post-office to another. 

Mail, V. t. 1. To put on a coat of mail or armor ; to arm 
defensively. Shak. 2. To inclose in a wrapper and direct 
to a post-office. 

MAIL'-CoACH, 77. A coach that conveys the public mails. 

MAILED, p;7. 1. Covered with a mail or with armor; in- 
closed and directed. 2. a. Spotted ; speckled. 

MAIL'ING, ppr. Investing with a coat of mail ; inclosing 
in a wrapper and directing to a post-office. 

MAIM, V. t. [Old Fr. mahemer, or mahaigner.] 1. To deprive 
of the use of a limb, so as to render a person less able to 
defend himself in fighting, or to annoy his adversary. 2. 
To deprive of a necessary part ; to cripple ; to disable. 

MAIM, 77. [written, in law-language, mayhem.] 1. The pri- 
vation of the use of a limb or member of the body. 2. 
The privation of any necessary part ; a crippling. 3. In- 
jury ; mischief. 4. Essential defect ; as, “ a noble author 
esteems it to be a maim in history [06s.] 

MxViMED, pp. Crippled ; disabled in limbs ; lame. 

MAIM'ING, ppr. Disabling by depriving of the use of a 
limb ; crippling ; rendering lame or defective. 

MAIM'ED-NESS, 77. A state of being maimed. 

MAIN, a. [Sax. mcegn.] 1. Principal; chief; that which 
has most power in producing an effect. 2. Mighty ; vast. 

3. Important ; powerful. 

MAIN, 77. 1. Strength ; force ; violent effort. 2. The gross ; 
the bulk ; the greater part. 3. The ocean ; the great sea, 
as distinguished from rivers, bays, sotmds and the like. 

4. The continent, as distinguished from an isle. 5. A 
hamper. 6. A course ; a duct.— For the main, in the main, 
for the most part. 

MAIN, 77. [L. manus ; Fr. 777 a777.] 1. A hand at dice ; [oJ^.] 
2. A match at cock-fighting. 

MAIN'-LAND, n. The continent; the principal land, as 
opposed to an isle, 

MAINLY, adv. 1. Chiefly; principally. Greatly; to a 
great degree ; mi^itily. Bacon, 

MAIN'-MAST, 77. The principal mast in a ship. 

MAIN'-KEEL, 77. The principal keel, as distinguished from 
the false keel. 

MAIN'OR, 77. [Old Fr. manoevre, meinour.] The old law 
phrase, to be taken as a thief with the mainor, signifies, to 
be taken in the very act of killing venison or stealing 
wood, or in preparing so to do ; or it denotes the being 
taken with the thing stolen upon him. 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DG VE Bf'LL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


MAK 


512 


MAL 


MAIN-PERN'A-BLE, fl. That may be admitted to give 
surety by mainpernors; that may be mainprized. 
MAIN-PERN'OR, w. [Old Fr. main^ and prendre.l In law, 
a surety for a prisoner’s appearance in court at a day. 
MaIN'PRIZE, n. [Fr. main and pris.] ]. In laio, a writ 
directed to the sheriff, commanding him to take sureties 
for the prisoner’s appearance, and to let him go at large. 
2. Deliverance of a prisoner on security for his appearance 
at a day. 

MaIN'PRIZE, v. t. To suffer a prisoner to go at large, on 
his finding sureties, mainpernors, for his appearance at a 
day. 

MaIN'-SAIL, n. The principal sail in a ship. 
MaIN'-SHEET, 71 . The sheet that extends and fastens the 
main-sail. 

MaIN'SWEaR, V. i. [Sax. manswerian.'] To swear false- 
ly ; to perjure one’s self. Blount. 

MAIN-TaIN', v.t. [Fr. maintenir.] 1. To hold, preserve 
or keep in any particular state or condition ; to support ; 
to sustain ; not to suffer to fail or decline. 2. To hold ; to 
keep ; not to lose or surrender. 3. To continue ; not to 
suffer to cease. 4. To keep up ; to uphold ; to support 
the expense of. 5. To support with food, clothing and 
other conveniences. 6. To support by intellectual pow- 
ers, or by force of reason. 7. To support ; to defend ; to 
vindicate ; to justify ; to prove to be just, 8. To support 
by assertion or argument ; to affirm. 

MAIN-TaIN'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be maintained, sup- 
ported, preserved or sustained. 2. That may be defended 
or kept by force or resistance. 3. That may be defended 
by argument or just claim ; vindicable ; defensible. 
MAIN-TaIN'ED, (mane-tand') pp. Kept in any state ; pre- 
served upheld ; supported ; defended ; vindicated. 
MAIN-TaIN'ER, n. One who supports, preserves, sustains 
or vindicates. 

MAIN-TaIN'ING, ppr. Supporting ; preserving ; uphold- 
ing ; defending ; vindicating. 

MaIN'TE-NANCE, 71. 1. Sustenance , sustentation ; sup- 
port by means of supplies of food, clothing and other con- 
veniences. 2. Means of support ; that which supplies 
conveniences. 3. Support ; protection ; defense ; vindi- 
cation. 4. Continuance ; security from failure or decline. 
— 5. In law, an officious intermeddling in a suit in which 
the person has no interest. 

MaIN'-TOP, n. The top of the main-mast of a ship or brig. 
MaIN'-YARD, n. The yard on which the main-sail is ex- 
tended, supported by the main-mast, 
f MAIS'TER, for master, Spenser. 
t MAIS'TRESS, for mistress. Chaucer. 

MAIZE, 1 71. A plant of the genus lea, the native corn of 
MaIZ, I America, called /udiaM corn. 

Ma'JA, 71. A bird of Cuba, of a beautifu' yellow color, 
t MAJ-ES-TAT'IG, \ a. Great in appearance; having 
MAJ-ES-TAT'I-CAL, j dignity. Pococke. 

MA-JES'Tie, a. 1. August; having dignity of person or 
appearance ; grand ; princely. 2. Splendid ; grand. 3. 
Elevated ; lofty. 4. Stately ; becoming majesty. 
MA-JES'TI-€AL, a. Majestic. [Little Tised.'] 
MA-JES'TI-CAL-LY, ako. With dignity ; with grandeur ; 

with a lofty air or appearance. 

MA-JES'TI-€AL-NESS, 1 71. Stateormannerofbeingma- 
t Ma-JES'TI€-NESS, \ jestic. Oldenburg. 

MAJ'ES-TY, 71. [L. majestas.] 1. Greatness of appearance ; 
dignity ; grandeur ; dignity of aspect or manner ; the qual- 
ity or state of a person or thing which inspires awe or 
reverence in the beholder. 2. Dignity ; elevation of man- 
ner. 3. A title of emperors, kings and queens. 

Ma'JOR, a. [L.] 1. Greater in number, quantity or extent. 
2. Greater in dignity. — 3. In music, an epithet applied to 
the modes in which the third is four semitones above the 
tonic or key-note, and to intervals consisting of four semi- 
tones. 

Ma'JOR, 71. I. In military affairs, an officer next in rank 
above a captain, and below a lieutenant-colonel. 2. The 
mayor of a town. See Mayor. 

Ma'JOR, 71. In law, a person of full age to manage his own 
concerns. 

Ma'JOR, 71. In logic, the first proposition of a regular syl- 
logism, containing the principal term, 
t MA-JOR-a'TION, 71. Increase; enlargement. Bacon. 
Ma'JOR-Do'MO, 71. [7na]or and domus.^ A man who holds 
the place of master of the house ; a steward ; also, a chief 
minister. 

Ma'JOR-GEN'ER-AL, 71. A military officer who commands 
a division or a number of regiments. 

MA-JOR'I-TY, 71. [Fr. ?najo7’ite.] 1. The greater number; 
more than half. 2. Full age ; the age at which the laws 
of a country permit a young person to manage his own 
affairs. 3. The office, rank or commission of a major. 
4. The state of being greater ; [1. u.] 5. [L. ma)orcs.\ 
Ancestors ; ancestry ; [o&5.] 6. Chief rank ; [obs.] 
MAKE, V. t. pret. ana pp. made. [Sax. macian ; G. 7 na- 
chen ; D. maaken.] 1. To compel ; to constrain. 2. To 
form of materials ; to fashion ; to mold into shape ; to 


cause to exist in a different form, or as a distinct thing. 
3. To create ; to cause to exist ; to form from nothing. 4. 
To compose ; to constitute as parts, materials or ingredi- 
ents united in a whole. 5. To form by art. 6. To pro- 
duce or effect, as the agent. 7. To produce, as the cause ; 
to procure ; to obtain. 8. To do; to perform; to execute. 
9. To cause to have any quality, as by change or altera- 
tion. 10. To bring into any state or condition ; to consti- 
tute. 11. To contract ; to establish. Rotce. 12. 3'o keep. 
13. To raise to good fortune ; to secure in riches or happi- 
ness. 14. To suffer. 15. To incur; [improper.'] 16. To 
commit ; to do ; [Z. rt.] D7'yden. 17. To intend or to do ; 
to purpose to do ; [065. j 18. To raise, as profit ; to gain ; to 
collect. 19. To discover; to arrive in sight of ; a seaman’s 
phrase. 20. To reach ; to arrive at ; a seaman’s phrase. 
21. To gain by advance. 22. To provide. 23. To put or 
place. 24. To turn ; to convert, as to use. 25. To repre- 
sent. 26. To constitute ; to form. 27. To induce ; to cause. 
28. To put into a suitable or regular form for use. 29. To 
fabricate ; to forge. 30. To compose ; to form and write. 
31. To cure ; to dry and prepare for preservation. 

To make amends, to make good ; to give adequate compen- 
sation ; to replace the value or amount of loss. — To make 
account of, to esteem ; to regard. — To 7nake away. 1. To 
kill ; to destroy. 2. To alienate ; to transfer. Waller. — 
To make free with, to treat with freedom ; to treat without 
ceremony. — To make good. 1. To maintain; to defend. 
2. To fulfill ; to accomplish. 3. To make compensation 
for ; to supply an equivalent. — To make light of, to con- 
sider as of no consequence ; to treat with Jiidifierence or 
contempt. — To make love, or to make suit, to court; to 
attempt to gain the favor or affection. — To make merry, 
to feast ; to be joyful or jovial. — To make much of, to treat 
with fondness or esteem ; to consider as of great value, or 
as giving great pleasure. — To make of. J. To understand. 

2. To produce from ; to effect. 3. To consider ; to ac- 
count ; to esteem. — To make over, to transfer the title of; 
to convey; to alienate. — To make out. 1. To learn; to 
discover; to obtain a clear understanding of. 2. To 
prove ; to evince ; to establish by evidence or argument. 

3. To furnish; to find or supply. — To make sure of. 1. 
To consider as certain. 2. To secure to one’s possession. 

— To make up. 1. To collect into a sum or mass. 2. To 
reconcile ; to compose. 3. To repair. 4. To supply what 
is wanting. 5. To compose, as ingredients or parts. 6. 
To shape. 7. To assume a particular form of features. 
8. To compensate ; to make good. 9. To settle ; to ad- 
just, or to arrange for settlement. 10. To determine ; to 
bring to a definite conclusion. — In seamen’s language, to 
make sail, to increase the quantity of sail already ex^tend- 
ed. — To make sternway, to move w'ith the stern foremost. 
To make water, to leak. — To make words, to multiply 
words. 

MAKE, V. i, 1. To tend ; to proceed ; to move. 2. To con- 
tribute ; to have effect. 3. To rise ; to flow toward land. 

— To make as if, to show; to appear; to carry appear- 
ance. — To make U7cay with, to kill ; to destroy. — To make 
for. 1. To move towards ; to direct a course towards. 2. 
To tend to advantage; to favor. — To make against, to 
tend to injury. — To make out, to succeed ; to have success 
at last. — To make up, to approach. — To make 7ip for, to 
compensate ; to supply by ai. equivalent. — To make up 
with, to settle differences ; to become friends. — To make 
with, to concur. 

MAKE, 71. Structure ; texture ; constitution of parts in a 
body. 

t MAKE, 71. [Sax. maca, gemaca.] A companion ; a mate. 
Spenser. 

MaKE'BATE, n. [7Jiake, and Sax. bate.] One who excites 
contention and quarrels. Sidney. 

fMAKE'LESS, a. Matchless ; without a mate. 

Ma'KER, 71. 1. The Creator. 2. One that makes, forms, 
shapes or molds ; a manufacturer. 3. A poet. 

MaKE'PeACE, 71. A peace-maker; one that reconciles 
persons when at variance. Shak. 

MaKE'WEIGHT, 71. That which is thrown into a scale to 
make weight. Philips. 

Ma'KI, 71. An animal of the genus lemur. 

MaK'ING, ppr. Forming; causing; compelling; creating; 
constituting. 

MAK'ING, 71. 1. The act of forming, causing or constitut- 
ing. 2. Workmanship. 3. Composition ; structure. 4. 
A poem. 

MAL, or MALE, [Fr. mal, L. malvLS,] as a prefix, in com- 
position, denotes ill or evil. 

MAL'A-CHITE, n. [Gr. ^a\a^y.] An oxyd of copper, com- 
bined with carbonic acid. 

MAL'A-€0-LITE, n. [Gr. paXayp.] Another name for 
diopside, a variety of pyroxene. Lunier. 

MAL-A-€OP-TE-RYG'E-OUS, a. [Gr. pa^aKog, and nre- 
pvyiov.] Having bony rays of fins, not sharp or pointed 
at the extremity ; as a fish. 


* See Synopsis. A, £, I, 6, C, Y, Io7i^.— FAR, F^LL, WHA.T PRgY ;—PIN, MARINE, BIRD t Obsolete, 


MAL 


513 


MAL 


MAL-A-GOS'TO-MOUS,g. [Gr. //aXaxof and cTTo/^a.] Har- 
ing soft jaws without teeth ; as a fish. 

* MAL-AD-MIN-IS-TRa'TION, n. Bad management of 
public affairs j vicious or defective conduct in administra- 
tion. 

MAL'A-DY, «. [Fr. TwaZarfte ,* It. malattia.] 1. Any sick- 
ness or disease of the human body j a lingering or deep- 
seated disorder or indisposition. 2. Defect or corruption 
of the heart; depravity; moral disorder or corruption of 
moral principles. 3. Disorder of the understanding or 
mind. 

XIAL'A-GA, 71. A species of wine imported from Malaga. 
MA-LAN'DERS,?i. [from inal, and It. aiidare.] A dry scab 
on the pastern of a horse. Johnson. 

MAL'A-P£RT, a. [mal and pert.] Saucy ; quick, with im- 
pudence ; sprightly, without respect or decency ; bold ; 
forward. 

MAL'A-PERT-LY, adv. Saucily ; W'ith impudence. 
MAL'A-PERT-NESS, n. Sauciness ; impudent pertness or 
forwardness ; sprightliness of reply, without decency. 
MAL-AP'RO-POS, (mal-ap'ro-po) adv. [Fr.l Unsuitably. 
MA LAR, a. [L. mala.l Pertaining to the cheek. 
MAL'ATE, 71. [L. rncmOT.] A salt formed by the malic 
acid, the acid of apples, combined w'ith a base, 
f MAL^AX-ATE, v. t. [Gr. paXaaaoj.] To soRen ; to knead 
to softness. 

MAL-AX-A'TION,n. The act of moistening and softening ; 
or tlie forming of ingredients into a mass for pills or plaa- 

* M AL-eON-FOR-MA TION, n. Ill form ; disproportion of 
parts. Tulhj. 

* MAL'CON-TENT, n. {mol and content.] A discontented 
subject of government ; one who murmuia at the laws 
and administration. 

* MAL GON-TENT, ) a. Discontented with the law's 

* MAL-€ON-TENT'ED, i or the administration of gov- 
ernment ; uneasy ; dissatisfied with the government. 

* iMAL-CON-TENT'ED-LY, adv. With discontent. 

* MAL-GON-TENT^ED-NESS, n. Discontentedneas with 
tlie government ; dissatisfaction ; want of attachment to 
the government, manifested by overt acts. 

MALE, a. [Fr. male.] 1. Pertaining to the sex that procre- 
ates young, and applied to animals of all kinds. 2. De- 
noting the sex of a plant which produces the fecundating 
dust, or a flower or plant that bears the stamens only, 
without pistils. 3. Denoting the screw whose threads en- 
ter the grooves or channels of the corresponding or female 
screw. 

MALE, ?t. 1. Among animals, one of the sex whose office 
is to beget young ; a he-animal. — 2. In botany, a plant or 
flower wdiich produces stamens only, without pistils. — 3. 
In mechanics, the screw whose threads enter the grooves 
or channels of the corresponding part or female screw. 
MAL E-DIC'EN-CY, n. [L. malcdicentia.] Evil speak- 
ing ; reproachful language ; proneness to reproach. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

MAL'E-DI-CENT, a. Speaking reproachfully ; slanderous. 

[Little used.] Sandys. 
t MAL-E-DIGT'ED, a. .\ccursed. Diet. 
MAL-E-DIG'TION, n. [L. vialedictio.] Evil speaking ; 

denunciation of evil ; a cui-sing ; curse or execration. 
MAL-E-FAG'TIOX, n. [L. male and facio.] A criminal 
deed ; a crime ; an oflense against the laws. [L. u.] 
MAL-E-FAG'TOR, n. One who commits a crime; a crimi- 
nal. Dryden. 

t MA-LEF'I€, ) a. [L, malefcus.] MiecJiievous ; hurt- 
t MA-LEF'iaUE, i ful. 

fMAL'E-FICE, 71. [Fr.] An evil deed ; artifice ; enchant- 
ment. Chaucer. 

t MAL-E-FI"CIATE, v. t. To bewitch. Burton. 
t MAL-E-Fi-CI-a'TION, 71. A bewitching. 
MAL-E-FI'^CIENCE, n. [L, malefieientia.] The doing of 
evil, harm or mischief. 

MAL-E-FF'CIENfl’, a. Doing evil, harm or mischief. 

■f MA-LEN'GINE, 77. [Ft. malens^in.] Guile; deceit, 
j MAL'ET, 77. [Fr. malette.] A little" bag or budget ; a port- 
manteau. Shelt07i. 

MA-LEV'O-LENCE, n. [L. malevolcntia.] Ill-will ; per- 
sonal hatred ; evil disposition towards another ; e)imity 
of heart ; inclination to injure otiiers. It expresses less 
than maligrnity. Shah. 

Mz\-LEV'0-LENT, a. L Having an evil disposition to- 
wards another or others ; wishing evil to others ; ill-dis- 
posed, or disposed to injure others. 2. Unfavorable ; un- 
propitious ; bringing calamity. 

M A-LEV'O-LENT-LY, arfr. With ill-will or enmity ; with 
the wish or design to injure. 

t MA-LEV'O-LOUS, a. Malevolent. JVarburton. 
MAL-FeA'SANCE, 71. [Fr.] Evil doing ; wrong ; illegal 
(i66(l* 

Bf AL-FORM-A'TIOX, 77. [r/iaZ and formation.] Ill or wrong 
formation ; irregular or anomalous formation or structure 
of parts. Damcin. 


Ma'HG, a. [L. malum.] Pertaining to apples ; drawn from 
the juice ot apples. Chemistry. 

MALICE, n. [Fr., It. malizia; Sp. nialida ; L. malitia.] 
Extreme enmity of heart, or malevolence : a disposition 
to injure others without cause ; unprovoked malignity or 
spite. 

t MAL'ICE, V. t. To regard with extreme ill-will. 

MA-LI' CIOUS, a. 1. Harboring ill-will or enmity without 
provocation ; malevolent in the extreme ; malignant in 
heart. 2. Proceeding from extreme hatred or ill-will ; 
dictated by malice. 

MA-LPCIOUS-LY, adv. Witli malice; with extreme en- 
mity or ilMvill ; with deliberate intention to injure. 

BIA-LI"CI0US-XESS, 77. The quality of being malicious ; 
extreme enmity or disposition to injure ; malignity, Her^ 
hert. 

MA-LIGN^, (ma-lIneO a. [Ft. maligne ; L. 1. 

Having a very evil disposition tovvards others ; harboring 
violent hatred or enmity ; malicious. 2. Unfavorable ; 
pernicious ; tending to injure. 3. Malignant ; pernicious. 

MA-LIGN', (ina-llne') iJ. t. L To regard with envy or mal- 
ice ; to treat with extreme enmity ; to injure maliciously. 

2. To traduce ; to defame. 

M.A-LIGN', (ma-line') v. i. To entertain malice. Milton. 

MA-LIG'NAN-CY, 71. 1. Extreme malevolence ; bitter en- 
mity ; malice. 2. Unfavorableness ; un propitiousness. 

3. Virulence ; tendency to mortification or to a fatal 
issue. 

MA-LIG'NANT, a. [L. malignus.] 1. Malicious; having 
extreme malevolence or enmity. 2. Unpropitious ; exert- 
ing pernicious influence. 3. Virulent. 4. Dangerous to 
life. 5. Extremely heinous. 

t MA-LIG'NANT, n. A man of extreme enmity or evil in- 
tentions. Hooker. 

MA-LIG'NANT-LY, adv. 1. Maliciously; with extreme 
malevolence. 2. Witli pernicious influence. 

MA-LIGN'ER, (ma-llne'er) 77. One who regards or treats 
another with enmity ; a traducer ; a defamer. 

MA-LIG'NI-TY, n. [L. malignitas.] 1. Extreme enmity, 
or evil dispositions of heart towards another ; malice 
without provocation, or malevolence with baseness of 
heart ; deep-rooted spite. 2. Virulence ; destructive ten- 
dency. 3. Extreme evilness of nature. 4. Extreme sin- 
fulness ; enormity or heinousness. 

MA-LTGN'LY, (ma-llne'ly) adv. 1. With extreme ill-will. 
2. Unpropitiously ; perniciously. 

t MALT-SON, 77 . Malediction. Chaucer. 

MAL'KIN, (m.qw'kin), n. A mop ; also, a low maid-ser- 
vant. 

* MALL, (mawl) n. [Fr. mail; Sp. mallo.] L A large, 
lieavy, wooden beetle ; an instrument for driving any 
thing with force. 2. A blow ; 

MALL, (mal) n. [Arm. mailh,] A public walk ; a level, 
shaded walk. 

* MALL, V. t. To beat with a mall ; to beat with something 
heavy ; to bruise. 

MAL'LARD, 77 . A species of duck of the genus anas. 

MAL-LE-A-BILT-TY, 11 . That quality of bodies which 
renders them susceptible of extension by beating. 

; MAL'LE-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be drawn out and 
extended by beating ; capable of extension by the ham- 
mer. 

MAL'LE-A-BLE-NESS, n. Malleability. 

MAL'LE-ATE, v. t. To hammer ; to draw into a plate or 
leaf by beating. 

MAL-LE-A'TION, n. Tlie act of beating into a plate or 
leaf, as a metal ; extension by beating. 

MAL'LET, 77 . [Fr. maillet.] A wooden hammer or instru- 
ment for beating, or for driving pins. 

MAL'LOW, \ n. [Sax. rnalu, mealwe, inalwe.] A plant of 

MAL'LOWS, I the genus malva ; so called from its emol- 
lient qualities. — Marsh-mallows, a plant of the genus al- 
thcea . 

MALM SEY, (m^m^ze) 71. [Fr. malvoisic; It. nialvosio ; 
from Malvasia, in Greece.] The name of a sjiecies of 
grape, and also of a kind of wine. 

* MAL-PRAG'TICE, n. Evil practice ; illegal or immoral 
conduct ; practice contrary to established rules. 

MALT, 77 . [Sax. mcalt ; Sw., Dan. 7770 ^.] Barley steeped 
in water, fermented and dried in a kiln, and thus prepar- 
ed for brewing into ale or beer. 

MALT, V. t. To make into malt ; as, to malt barley. 

MALT, V. i. To become malt. 

MALT'-DRINK, or MALT'-LiaU-OR, 77. A liquor pre- 
pared for drink by an infusion of malt ; as beer, ale, por- 
ter &.C. 

MALT'-DUST, n. The grains or remains of malt. 

MALT'FL50R, n. A floor for drying malt. Mortimer. 

MALT'HORSE, n. A horse employed in grinding malt ; 
hence, a dull fellow. Shak. 

BIALT'MAN, ) n. A man whose occupation is to make 

MALT^STER, \ malt. Swift. 

MALTAV6RM, 77 . [tnalt and wov7n.] A tippler. Shak. 

t MAL'T'A-LENT, n. [Old Fr.] Ill-humor. Chaucer. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.- 

33 


-€ as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete- 


MAN 


514 MAN 


MAL'THA, n. A variety of bitumen. 

MAL-TReAT', V. t. To treat ill ; to abuse ; to treat rough- 
ly, rudely, or with unkindness. 

MAL-TKe AT'ED, pp. Ill treated ; abused. 

MAL-TReATTNG, ppr> Abusing ; treating unkindly. 

MAL-TReAT'MENT, n. Ill treatment 5 ill usage ; abuse. 

MAL-Va'CEOUS, a. [L. malvaceAis.l Pertaining to mal- 
lows. 

MAL-VER-Sa'TION, ?i. [L. male and versor,] Evil con- 
duct; improper or wicked behavior; mean artifices, or 
fraudulent tricks. Bxirke. 

MAM, or MAM-MA', n. [L. mammae W. mam', Arm. 
mamm ; Gr. pappr}.] A familiar word for mother, used 
by young children. 

MAM'A-LGKE, \ n. The Mavialukes lately formed themil- 

MAM'E-LUKE, i itary force of Egypt. 

MAM'MAL, n. [L. mavima,] In zoology, an animal that 
suckles its young. [See Mammifer.] Good. 

MAM-Ma'L 1 -AN, a. Pertaining to the mammals. 

MAM-MAL'O-GIST, ?i. One who treats of mammiferous 
animals. 

MAM-MAL'O-GY, 71. [L. mamma, and Gr. Xoyoj.] The sci- 
ence or doctrine of mammiferous animals. 

MAM'MA-RY, c. Pertaining to the breasts or paps. 

MAM-MEE', 71. A tree of the genus mammea. 

MAM'MER, V. i. To stand in suspense ; to hesitate. Drant. 

MAM'MER-ING, «. Confusion; amazement; hesitation. 

MAM'MET, n. A puppet ; a figure dressed. 

MAM'MI-FER, n. [L. mamma and fero.] An animal which 
has breasts for nourishing its young. 

MAM-MIF'ER-OUS, a. Having breasts and nourishing the 
young by the milk secreted by them. 

MAM'MI-FORM, a. [L. mamma and form.'] Having the 
shape or form of paps. 

* MAM'MIL-LA-RY, a. [L. mamilla.] 1. Pertaining to the 
paps ; resembling a pap. — ^2. In mineralogy, applied to 
minerals composed of convex concretions. 

MAM'MIL-LA-TED, a. Having small nipples, or little 
globes like nipples. Say. 

f MAM'MOG, 71. A shapeless piece. Herbert. 

t MAM'MOC, V. t. To tear in pieces. Milton. 

MAM^MO-DIS, n. Coarse, plain India muslins. 

MAM'MON, 71. [Syr.] Riches ; wealth ; the god of 
riches. 

MAM'MON-IST, n. A person devoted to the acquisition of 
wealth ; a worldling. Hammond. 

MAM'MOTH, 71. [Russ, mamant.] This name has been 
given to a huge quadruped, now extinct, whose bones are 
found on both continents. 

MAN, n. plu. Men. [Sax. man,mann and mon; Goth. 
manna / Sans, man ; D. znan ; G. 7na7i ; Dan. man, men- 
neske ; Sw. ma7i, meniskia', Ice, manv.] 1. Mankind; 
the human race ; the whole species of human beings. 2 . 

A male individual of the human race, of adult growth or 
years. 3. A male of the human race ; iised often in com- 
pound words, or in the nature of an adjective. 4. A ser- 
vant, or an attendant of the male sex. 5. A word of fa- 
miliar address. G. It sometimes bears the sense of a male 
adult of some uncommon qualifications ; pai'ticularly, the 
sense of strength, vigor, bravery, or magnanimity. 7. An 
individual of the human species. — 8 . Man is sometimes 
opposed to boy or child, and sometimes to beast. 9. One 
who is master of his mental powers, or who conducts 
liimself with his usual judgment. 10. It is sometimes 
used indefinitely, without reference to a particular indi- 
vidual. — 11. In popaZar a husband. 12. A mova- 

ble piece at chess or drauglits. — 13. In feudal law, a vas- 
sal, a liege, subject or tenant. — Man of war, a ship of 
war ; an armed ship. 

MAN'-MID-WIFE, n. A man who practices obstetrics. 

MAN, V. t. 1. To furnish with men. 2. To guard with 
men. 3. To strengthen ; to fortify. 4. To tame a hawk; 
[1. 7 if.] 5. To furnish with attendants or servants ; [/. a.] 

(>. To point ; to aim ; [ 06 s.] 

MAN'A-CIiE, 71 . [Fr. rnanicles.] An instrument of iron for 
fastening the hands ; hand-cufis; shackles. 

MAN'A-CLE, V. t. 1. To put on hand-cufis or other fasten- 
ing for confining the hands. 2 . To shackle ; to confine ; 
to restrain the use of the limbs or natural powers. 

MAN^A-€LED, pp. Hand-cuffed ; shackled. 

MAN'A-GLING, ppr. Confining the hands ; shackling. 

MAN'AGE, V. t. [Fr. me7iager.] 1 . To conduct; to carry 
on ; to direct the concerns of. 2. To train or govern, as 
a horse. 3. I’o govern ; to control ; to make tame or 
tractable. 4. To wield ; to move or use in the manner 
desired ; to have under command. 5. To make subservi- 
ent. 6 . To husband ; to treat with caution or sparingly. 

7. To treat with caution or judgment ; to govern with ad- 
dr es.<. 

MAN'AGE, V. i. To direct or conduct affairs; to carry on 
concerns or business. 

MAX'AGl’l, n. 1. Conduct ; administration ; [oft^.] 2. (pro- 
7ionnred ml-nllzhe') Government ; contrr’., as of a horse. 3. 1 


Discipline ; direction. 4. Use ; application or treatment. 
[Little 7ised.] 

MAN'AGE-A-BLE, a. 1. Easy to be used or directed to 
its proper purpose ; not difficult to be moved or wield- 
ed. 2. Governable ; tractable ; that may be controlled. 
3. That may be made subservient to one’s views or de- 
signs. 

MAN'AGE-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being easily 
used, or directed to its proper purpose. 2. Tractableness ; 
the quality of being susceptible of government and con- 
trol ; easiness to be governed. 

MAN AGED, pp. Conducted ; carried on ; trained by dis- 
cipline ; governed ; controlled ; wielded. 

MAN'AGE-MENT, n. 1. Conduct; administration; man- 
ner of treating, directing or carrying on. 2. Cunning 
practice ; conduct directed by art, design or prudence ; 
contrivance. 3. Practice ; transaction ; dealing. 4. Mod- 
ulation ; variation. 

MAN'A-GER, n. 1. One who has the conduct or direction 
of any thing. 2. A person who conducts business with 
economy and frugality; a good husband. 

MAN'A-GER-Y, 77. 1. Conduct ; direction ; administra- 

tion. 2. Husbandry ; economy ; frugality. 3. Manner 
of using ; [little used.] 

MAN'A-GING, ppr. Conducting; regulating; directing; 
governing ; wielding. 

MAN'A-KIN, 77. The name of a beautiful race of birds 
found in warm climates. Diet. Mat. Hist. 

MA-NA'TI, or MA-Na'TUS, n. The sea-cow, or fish-tailed 
walrus, an animal of the genus trichecus. 

M A-Na'TION, 77. [L. ma7iatio.] The act of issuing or flow- 
ing out. [Little 7ised.] 

MANCHE, 77. [Fr.] A sleeve. 

t MAN'CHET, 77. A small loaf of fine bread. Bacon. 

MANCH-I-NEEL', 77 . [L. mancanilla.'] A tree. 

MAN'CI-PATE, V. t. [L. mancipo.] To enslave; to bind ; 
to restrict. [Little 7ised.] Hale. 

MAN-CI-PA'TION, n. Slavery ; involuntary servitude. 
[Little used.] 

MANUI-PLE, 77. [L. manceps.]^ A steward ; an undertak- 
er ; a purveyor, particularly of a college. Johnso7i. 

MAN-DA^MUS, n. [L. mando, znandamus.] In law, a com- 
mand or writ, issuing from the king’s bench in England, 
and, in America, from some of the higher courts, directed 
to any person, corporation, or inferior court, requiring 
them to do some act therein specified, which appertains 
to their office and duty. 

MAN-DA-RIN', 77 . In China, a magistrate cr governor of a 
province ; also, the court language of China. 

MAN'DA-TA-RY, or MAN'DA-TO-RY, 77 . [Fr. znanda- 
taire.] 1. A person to whom the pope has, by his preroga- 
tive, given a mandate or order for his benefice. 2. One to 
whom a command or charge is given. — 3. In law, one 
who undertakes, without a recompense, to do some act 
for another, in respect to the thing bailed to him. Kent. 

MAN'DATE, n. [L. ma7ido.] 1. A command ; an order, 
precept or injunction ; a commission. — 2. In canon law, a 
rescript of the pope. 

MAN-DA'TOR, 77 . [L.] A director. Ayliffe. 

MAN'DA-TO-RY, a. Containing a command ; preceptive ; 
directory. 

MAN'DI-BLE, n. [1^. 7??a7ido.l The jaw, the instrument of 
chewing ; applied particularly to fowls. 

MAN-DIB'U-LAR, a. Belonging to the jaw. Gaijton. 

t XIAN'DIL, 77 . [Fr. 7nandille.] A sort of mantle. 

MAN-DIUION, 77. A soldier’s coat ; a loose garment. 

MAN'DLE-STONE, 77 . [G. mandelstein.] Kernel-stone ; 
almond-stone ; called, also, a7nygdaloid. 

t MAND'MENT, for co7nmandment . 

t MAN'DO-LIN, 77. [It. majidola.] A cithern or harp. 

MAN'DRAKE, 7 ?. [L. mandrageras.] A plant. 

MAN'DREL, n. An instrument for confining in the lathe 
the substance to be turned. Moxon. 

MAN'DRILL, 77 . A species of monkey. Diet. .Kat. Hist. 

MAN'DU-CA-BLE, a. That can be chewed ; fit to be 
0Qt)0ri 

MAN'DU-CATE, v. t. [L. 7/7rt77a<7.] To chew. 

MAN'DU-€A-TED, pp. Chewed. 

MAN'DU-€A-TING, ppr. Chewing; grinding with the 
teeth. 

MAN-DU-€A'TION, 71. The.act of chewing or eating. 

MANE, 77 . [D. mean ; G. 7ndh7ic.] The hair growing on 
the upper side of the neck of a horse or other animal, usu- 
ally hanging down on one side. 

MAN'eAT-ER, 77 . A human being that feeds on human 
flesh ; a cannibal ; an anthropophagite. 

MANED, a. Raving a mane. 

MAN'EGE, (ma-iiazheO n. [Fr.] A school for teaching 
horsemanship, and for training horses. 

MA-Ne'RI-AL. See Manorial. 

MA'NeS, 77 . plu. [Ij.] 1. 7'hc ghost, shade or soul of a 

deceased person : and, among the ancient pagans, the in- 
fernal deities. 2. The remains of the dead. 


See Synopsis. A, C, T, o, C, Y, 7oj7^.^rAR, FALL, WIIAT ;— PR FY PIN, MARINE, EiRD | ObsUrie. 


MAN 


515 


MAN 


MAN'FTJL, C 4 1. Having the spirit of a man j bold ; brave j 
courageous. 2. Noble ; honorable. 

MAN'F[JL-LV, adv. Boldly; courageously; honorably. 
MAN'FULi-NESS, n. Boldness ; courageousness. 

MANG," «. A mash of bran and salt ; barley or oats ground 
with the husks. Brockett. 

MAN'GA-BY, n. A monkey with naked eyelids. 
MAN'GA-NESE, ?i. A metal of a dusky white. 
MAN-GA-Ne'SIAN, a. Pertaining to manganese ; consist- 
ing of it, or partaking of its qualities. Seybert. 

MAN-G A-Ne'SIATE, n. A compound of manganesic acid, 
with a base. 

MAN-G A-Ne'SI€, a. Obtained from manganese. Henry. 
[Alanganicjs ill formed.] 

MaN-GA-Ne'SIOUS, a. Manganesiousd.c\6. is an acid with 
a minimum of oxygen. Henry. 

MANG'GORN, n. [Sax. mengan and corn.] A mixture of 
wheat and rye, or other species of grain. 

MaNGE, n. [Fr. waw^eai5on.] The scab or itch in cattle, 
dogs and other beasts. 

MAN'GEL-WUR-ZEL, n. [G. mangel and wnriel.'] The 
root of scarcity, a plant of the beet kind. 

MaN'GER, n. [Fr. mangeoire.] 1. A trough or box in 
which fodder is laid for cattle, or the place in which 
horses and cattle are fed. — 2. In ships of wary a space 
across the deck within the hawse-holes. 
IMaN'GER-BoARD, n. The bulk-head on a ship’s deck 
that separates the manger from the other part of the 
deck. 

MaN'GI-NESS, n. Scabbiness ; infection of the mange. 
MAN^GLE, V. t. [D. mangelen.] 1. To cut with a dull in- 
strument, and tear, or to tear in cutting ; to cut in a bun- 
gling manner. 2. To curtail ; to take by piece-meal. 
MAN'GLE, 71. [Ddia. mangle.'\ 1. A rolling press or calen- 
der for smoothing cloth. 2. A name of the mangrove, 
which see. 

MAN'GLE, V. t. To smooth cloth with a mangle ; to cal- 
ender. 

MAN'GLED, pp. Torn in cutting ; smoothed with a man- 
gle. 

MAN'GLER, n. One who tears in cutting ; one who uses a 
mangle. 

MAN'GLING, ppr. 1. Lacerating in the act of cutting ; tear- 
ing. 2. Smoothing with a mangle. 

MAN^GO, n. 1. The fruit of the mango tree, a native of the 
East Indies. 2. A green muskmelon pickled. 
MAN'GO-NEL, n. [Fr. mangonean.] An engine formerly 
used for throwing stones and battering walls, 
f MAN'GO-NISM, 71. The art of setting off to advantage, 
t MAN'GO-NiZE, v. t. To polish for setting off to advan- 
tage. 

MAN'GO-STAN, ) n. A tree of the East Indies, of the 
MAN-G 0-STEEN', j genus garcinia. 

MAN'GROVE, n. 1. A tree of the East and West Indies. 

2. The name of a fish. Pennant. 

MaN'GY, a. Scabby ; infected with the mange. 
MAN'Ha-TER, 71. One who hates mankind ; a misan- 
tlirope. 

MAN'HOOD, 7?. 1. The state of one who is a man, of an 
adult male, or one who is advanced beyond puberty, boy- 
hood or childhood ; virility. 2. Virility. 3. Human 
nature. 4. The qualities of a man ; courage ; bravery ; 
\little used.^ 

Ma'NI-A, n. L. and Gr.] Madness, 
t MAN'I-A-BLE, a. Manageable ; tractable. Bacon. 
Ma'NI-A€, a. [L. maniacns.^ Mad ; raving with madness ; 

raging with disordered intellect. Grew. 

Ma'NI-A€, 71. A madman ; one raving with madness. Shen~ 
stone. 

MA-NI'A-GAL, a. Affected with madness. 
MAN-I-€He'AN, a. Pertaining to the Manichees. 

M AN-I-GHe'AN, 1 n. One of a sect in Persia, who inain- 
MAN-I-GHEE', \ tained that there are two supreme 
principles, the one good, the other evil. 

MAN'I-GHE-ISM, n. The doctrines taught, or system of 
principles maintained by the Manichees. 

MAN'I-GIIORD, 1 71. [Fr. manichordion.'] A musical in- 
M AN-I-GORD'ON, ^ strument in the form of a spinet, 
MAN*I-GON, n. A species of nightshade. 

MANT-FEST, a. [Lt. manifestas.] 1. Plain; open; clear- 
ly visible to the eye or obvious to the understanding ; ap- 
parent ; not obscure or difficult to be seen or understood. 
2. Detected ; with of. 

MAN'I-FEST, n. An invoice of a cargo of goods, imported 
or laden for export, to be exhibited at the custom-house, 
f MANT-FEST, or MAN-I-FEST'O, n. [It. manifesto; L. 
majiifestus.] A public declaration, usually of a prince or 
sovereign, showing his intentions, or proclaiming his 
opinions and motives. 

MAN'I-FEST, u. t. [L. mamfesto.'] 1. To reveal ; to make 
to appear ; to show plainly ; to make public ; to disclose 
to the eye or to the understanding. 2. To display ; to ex- 
hibit more clearly to the view. 

MAN-I-FES-Ta'TION, V. The act of disclosing what is se- 


* See Sj/nopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE ;-~Bj;jLL, UNITE.— 


cret, unseen or obscure ; discovery to the eye or to the un- 
derstanding ; the exhibition of any thing by clear evi- 
dence ; display. 

MANT-FEST-ED, pp. Made clear ; disclosed ; made appa- 
rent, obvious or evident. 

MAN-I-FEST'I-RLE, a. That may be made evident. 

MANT-FEST-ING, ppr. Showing clearly ; making evi- 
dent ; disclosing ; displaying. Bacon. 

MAN'I-FEST-LY, adv. Clearly ; evidently ; plainly ; in a 
manner to be clearly seen or understood. 

MANT-FEST-NESS, n. Clearness to the sight or mind ; ob- 
viousness. 

MAN-I-FEST^O. See Manifest. 

MANT-FoLD, a. 1. Of divers kinds ; many in number ; 
numerous ; multiplied. 2. Exhibited or appearing at di- 
vers times or in various ways. 

t MAN'I-FoLD-ED, a. Having many doublings. 

MANT-FoLD-LY, ado. In a manifold manner. 

MANT-FoLD-NESS, n. Multiplicity. Sherwood 

MA-NIG'LI-ONS, n. In gunnery, two handles on Uie back 
of a piece of ordnance. Bailey. 

MANT-KIN, 71. A little man. Shak. 

MAN'IL, ) n. [Sp. manilla.] A ring or bracelet worn by 

MA-NIL'LA, ) persons in Africa. 

Ma'NI-OG, Ma'NI-HOG, or Ma^NI-HOT, 7i. A plant of the 
genus jatr op ha, or cassada plant. 

MANT-rLE, n. [h.manipulus.] 1. A handful. 2. A small 
band of soldiers. 3. A fanon, or kind of ornament worn 
about the arm of a mass priest ; a garment. 

MA-NIP'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to the maniple. 

MA-NIP-U-La'TION, n. [Fr.] In general, work by hand ; 
manual operation ; as, in mining, the manner of digging 
ore ; in chemistry, the operation of preparing substances 
for experiments ; in pharmacy, the preparation of drugs. 

MAN'KILL-ER, n. One who slays a man. 

MAN'KILL-ING, a. Used to kill m^n. Dryden. 
MAN-KIND', 71. [777a7i and A:i7ii^.] 1. The race or species 
of human beings. 2. A male, or the males of the human 
race. 

MAN-KIND', a. Resembling man in form, not woman. 

MAN'LESS, a. Destitute of men ; not manned. {L.used.'\ 

MAN'LIKE, a. 1. Having the proper qualities of a man. 2. 
Of man’s nature. Milton. 

MAN'LI-NESS, n. The qualities of a man ; dignity ; bra- 
very ; boldness. Locke. 

MAN'LING, n. A little man. B. Jonson. 

MAN'LY, a. 1. Manlike ; becoming a man ; firm ; brave ; 
undaunted. 2. Dignified ; noble ; stately. 3. Pertaining 
to the adult age of man. 4. Not boyish or womanish. 
Shak. 

MAN'LY, adv. With courage like a man. 

MAN'NA, 71. [Ar. mauna.'] 1. A substance miraculously 
furnished as food for the Israelites in their journey 
through the wilderness of Arabia. Ex. xvi. — 2. In ma- 
teria medica, the juice of a certain tree of the ash-kind. 

MAN'NER, n. [Fr. maniere ; It. maniera.'\ 1. Form ; meth- 
od ; way of performing or executing. 2. Custom ; habit- 
ual practice. 3. Sort ; kind. 4. Certain degree or mea- 
sure. 5. Mien; cast of look; mode. 6. Peculiar way or 
carriage ; distinct mode. 7. Way ; mode ; of things. 8. 
Way of service or worship. — 9. In painting, the particular 
habit of a painter in managing colors, lights and shades. 

MAN'NER, V. t. To instruct in manners. Shak. 

MAN'NER-ISM, n. Adherence to the same manner ; uni- 
formity of manner. Edin. Rev. 

MAN'NER-IST, n. An artist who performs his work in one 
unvaried manner. Churchill. 

MAN'NER-Ll-NESS, n. The quality of being civil and re- 
spectful in behavior ; civility ; complaisance. 

MAN'NER-LY, a. Decent in external deportment; civil, 
respectful ; complaisant ; not rude or vulgar. 

MAN'NER-LY, adv. With civility ; respectfully ; without 
rudeness. Shak. 

MAN'NERS, 71. phi. 1. Deportment ; carriage; behavior; 
conduct ; course of life ; in a moral sense. 2. Ceremoni- 
ous behavior ; civility ; decent and respectful deportment. 
3. A bow or courtesy. 

MAN'NISII, a. Having the appearance of a man ; bold ; 
masculi_ne. Shak. 

MA-N(E_U'VRE, ^ 71. [Fr. manoeuvre.'] 1. Management; 

MA-NEu'VER, \ dextrous movement, particularly in 
an army or navy. 2. Management w’ith address or artful 
design. 

MA-NCEu'VRE, v.i. I. To move or change positions among 
troops or ships, for the purpose of advantageous attack or 
defense ; or, in military exercise, for the purpose of disci- 
pline. 2. To manage w'itli address or art. 

MA-NCEu'VRE, v. t. To change the positions of troops or 
ships. 

MA-NCEu'VRED, pp. Moved in position. 

MA-NQEu'VRING, ppr. Changing the position or order for 
advantageous attack or defense. 

MA-NOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. fxavo^ and ptTQov.] An instru- 


as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete, 


M.VR 


UAN 516 


ment to measure or show the alterations in the rarity or 
density of the air. 

MAN-O-MET'RI-eAL, a. Pertaining to the manometer. 
MAN"'OR,n. [Fr. vianoir Arm. mancr.'] The land belong- 
ing to a lord or nobleman, or so much land as a lord or 
great personage formerly kept in his own hands for the 
use and subsistence of his family. 
ilAN'OR-IIoaSE, or MANOR-SeAT, n. The house be- 
longing to a manor. 

MA-NC'RI-AL, or M.\-N£'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a 
manor. 

MANTL2AS-ER, n. One who pleases men, or one who 
takes uncommon pains to gain tlie favor of men. 
t MAN'aUELL-ER, n. A mankiller ; a murderer. 

MANSE, (mans) n. [L. mansio.] 1. A house or habitation ; 

particularlv, a parsonage house. 2. A farm. 
MAN'SER-VANT, n. A male servant. 

MAX'SION, w. [h. mansio.] 1. Any place of residence ; a 
house ; a habitation. 2. The house of the lord of a manor. 
I'!. Residence ; abode. 

MAN'SiON, V. i. To dwell : to reside. Msde, 
MAN'SION-A-RY, a. Resident ; residentiary. 

>1 AN'SION-HOUSE, n. The house in which one resides ; 

an iniiabited house. Blackstonc. 
t MAN'SiON-RY, ii. A place of residence. Shak. 
MAIVSLAUGH-TER, n. 1. In general sense^ the killing 
of a man or of men ; destruction of the human species j 
murder. — 3. In iaw, the unlawful killing of a man witli- 
out malice, express or implied. JTansiaughtcr differs 
from murder in not proceeding from malice prepense or 
deliberate, which is essential to constitute murder. It 
differs from homicide excusable^ being done in conse- 
quence of some unlawful act, whereas excusable homi- 
cide happens in consequence of misadventure. 
MAX'SLAY-ER, n. One that has slain a human being. 
MAN'STfiAL-ER, yi.One who steals and sells men. 
MAN'STfiAL-ING , n. The act of stealing a human being. 
MAN'SUETE, (man'sweet) a. [L. mansiietiLs.] Tame j 
gentle ; not wild or ferocious ; {little used.] Ray. 
MAN*SUE-TUDE, n. [L. mansuetuda.] Tanienc^ j mild- 
ness ; gentleness. Herbert. 

MAN'TA, n. [Sp. manta.] A flat fish* 

JMAN'TEL. See Mantle. 

MAN'TE-LE'I’, or MANTELET, n. [dim. of mantle.] 1 . A 
small cloak worn by women. — 2. In fortijicationy a kind 
of movable parapet or penthouse. 

M \NT'I-GEil, rather aiANT'I-OHOKjOr MANT/I-€OR, 7 i. 

[L. manlicora, maiitickora.] A large monkey or baboon. 
MAN'TLE, 71. [Sax. m(sntel, mcntcL] 1. A kind of cloak 
or loose garment to be w'orn over other garments. 2. A 
cover. 3. A cover ; that which conceals. 

MAN'TLE, V. t. To cloak 3 to cover ; to disguise. j 

MAN'TLE, ?♦. i. 1. To expand 5 to spread. 2. To Joy ; to 
revel. 3. To be expanded ; to be spread or extended. 4 . 
To gather over and form a cover ; to collect on the sur- 
face, as a covering, o. To rush to the face and cover it 
with a crimson color. 

MANTLE, or MAN'TLE-TKEE, «. The piece of timber 
or stone iij front of a chinmey, over the fire-place, resting 
on the janibs. 

M AN'TLE-PIF:CE, ) n. The work over a fire-place, in l 
M AN'TLE-SIiELF, i front of the chimney. 

MANT'LING, u. In heraldry, the representation of a man- 
tle, or the drapery of a coat of arms. 

MAN'TO, 77 . [It.] A robe; a cloak. Ricaut. 

MAN-TOL'O-G Y, 71 . [Gr. pavreia and The act or 

art of divination or prophesying. [Little tised.] 

* MAN'TU-A, V. [Fr. mnnteau.] A lady’s gown. 
MAN'TU-A-Ma-KER, h. One who makes gowns for la- 
dies. 

MAN'U-AL, a. [L. manualis.] 1. Performed by llie hand. 

2. Used or made by the hand. 

MAN'U-AL, 77 . ]. A small book, such ns may be carried in 
the hand, or conveniently handled. 2. The service-book 
of the Romish church. 

t MA?^'U-A-RY, a. Done by the hand. Fothe^'hy. 
MA-NC'BI-AL, fl. [It.mamibialis.] Belonging to spoils ; 

taken in war ; [little used.] 

MA-NC'BRI-UM, 77. [L.] A handle. Boyle. 
MAN-U-DUG'TION, 77 . [L. and ductia.] Guidance 

by the hand. South. 

MAN-U-DUe'TOR, n. [L. Tnamw and ductar.] An officer 
in the ancient church, who gave the signal for the choir 
to sing. 

tMAN'U-FAGT, 77 . Any thing made by art. .Maydman. 
MAN-U-FAG TO-RY, n. A house or place wJiere goods arc 
manufactured. 

MAN-U-FAG'TO-RY, a. Employed in any manufacture. 

Li AN-U-FAGT'U-RAL, a. Pertaining or relating to manu- 
facruves. 

ir VN-U-FAGT'UIIE, n. [Fr.] 1. The operation of reduc- 
ing raw materials of any kind into a form suitable for use. 
2. Any thing made from raw materials by the hand, by 
machinery, or by art. 


MAN-LF-FAGT'URE, v. t. 1. To make or fabricate from 
raw materials, by the hand, by art or machinery, and 
W'ork into forms convenient for use. 2. To work raw 
materials into suitable forms for use. 
MAN-U-FAGT'URE, e. i. To be occupied in manufactures. 
MAN-U-FACT'UREi), pp. Made from raw materials into 
forms for use. 

MAN-U-FAGT'UR-ER, 77. 1 . One who W'orks raw materi- 
als into wares suitable for use. 2. One who employs 
workmen for manufacturing ; the owner of a manufac- 
tory. 

MAN-U-FAGT'UR-ING, ppr. Making goods and wares 
from raw materials, 
t MAN'U-MISE, for manumit. 

MAN-U-MIS'SION, 77. [L. manumissio.] The act of liberat- 
ing a slave from bondage, and giving nim freedom. 
MAN'U-MIT, V. t. [L. manumitto.] To release from sla- 
very ; to liberate from personal bondage or servitude ; to 
free, as a slave. 

3IAN'U-MIT-TED, pp. Released from slavery. 
MAN'U-MIT-TING, ppr. Liberating from personal bond- 
age. 

MA-NfjR'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be cultivated. 2. Thai 
may be manured, or enriched by manure, 
t MA-NOR'AGE, 77. Cultivation. Warner. 
t MA-NCR'ANCE, n. Cultivation. Spenser. 

MA-NGRE', V. t. [Fr. maiioeuvrer.] 1. To cultivate by man- 
ual labor; to till ; [ods.] 2. To apply to land any fertiliz- 
ing matter. 3. To fertilize ; to enrich with nutritive sub- 
stances. 

MA-NGRE'. 77. Any matter which fertilizes land. 
MA-NGR'El), (ma-nClrd') pp. Dressed or overspread with a 
fertilizing substance. 

MA-NGRE'MENT, n. Cultivation ; improvement. [L. «.] 
MA-NGR'ER, n. One that manures lands. 

MA-NGR'ING, ppr. Dressing or overspreading land with 
manure ; fertilizing. 

MA-NGR'ING, 77. A dressing or spread of manure on land. 
MAN'U-SGRIPT, n. [L. manu scriptum.] A book or paper 
written with the hand or pen. 

MAN'U-SGRIPT, a. Written with the hand ; not printed, 
t MAN-U-TEN'EN-CY, ?7. Maintenance. Sancroft. 

MAN'Y, (men'ny) a. [Sax. mceneg, maneg, or menig ,* D. 
777 677717.] ]. Numcrous ; comprising a great number of iii- 

divicuals. — 2. In low language, preceded by too, it denotes 
powerful or much. 

MAN'Y, (men'ny) n. A multitude ; a great number of indi- 
viduals ; the people. 

t MAN'Y, (men'ny) n. [Norm. Fr. meignee.] A retinue of 
servants; household. Chaucer. 

MAN'Y-GLEFT', a. Multifid ; having many fissures. 
MAN'Y-GOL'ORED, a. Having many colors or hues. 
JLVN'Y-GOR'NERED, a. Having many corners, or more 
than twelve : polygonal. Dryden. 
MxAN'Y-FLOW'EIIED, a. Having many flowers. 
MAN'Y-HEAD'ED, a. Having many heads. Dryden. 
MAN'Y-LAN'GUAGED, a. Having many languages. 
MAN'Y-LEAVED, a. Polyphyiious ; having many leaves. 
MAN'Y-MAS'TERED, a. Having many masters. J. Bar- 
low. 

MAN'Y-PART'ED, a. Multipartite ; divided Into several 
parts, as a corol. Martyn. 

MAN'Y-PkO'PLED, a. Having a numerous population. 
MAN'Y-PET'ALED, a. Having many petals. 
MAN'Y-TTMES. An adverbial phrase. Often ; frequently. 
MAN'Y-TWINK'LING, a. Variously twinkling. 

M AX'Y-VALVED, a. Multivalvular ; liaving many valves. 
MAP, 77. [Sp. mapa ; Fort, mappa ; It. mappamonda.] A 
representation of the surface 01 the earth or of any part of 
it, drawn on jmner or otlier material, exhibiting the lines 
of latitude and longitude, and the positions of countries, 
kingdoms, states, mountains, rivers, &c. A representa- 
tion of a continent, or any portion of land only, is properly 
a map, and a representation of the ocean only, or any por- 
tion of it, is called a chart. 

MAP, V. t. To draw or delineate, ns the figure of any por- 
tion of laud. Shah. 

MA'PLE, \ n. A tree of the genus accr, of several 

MA'PLE-TREE, i species. 

MA'PLE-SIJ'GAR, n. Sugar obtained by evaporation from 
the juice of the rock maple. 

MAP PER-Y, 77. The art of planning and designing maps. 
MAR, V. t. [Sax. merran, mirran, myrran ,* Sp. marrar.] 
1. To i7ijure by cutting off a part, or by wounding amt 
making defective. 2. To injure ; to hurt ; to impair the 
strength or purity of. 3. To injure ; to diminish ; to in- 
terrupt. 4. To injure ; to deform ; to disfigure. 

MAR, in nightmere . See Nightmahe. 

MAR, 71 . An injury; 2. A lake ; .?cc Mere, 

MAR'A-GAN, 77 . A secies of parrot in Brazil, 
i MAR'A-GOGK, v. A plant of the ^enns passifiora. 

* MAR-A-NA'TIIA, 77. [Syriac.] "The Lord comes or has 
come ; a word used by the apostle Paul in expressing a 


curse. 


See Synopsis, a, E, T, 5, G, FAR, FiVLI., WII.^T PREY PIN, MAPvYNE, BiRD;— f Gb.so!e4e. 


MAR 


517 


MAR 


MAR'A-NON, n. The proper name of the river Amazon. 

MA-RAS^MUS, n. [Gr. /^apaor/uoj.] Atrophy ; a wasting of 
flesh w'ithout fever or apparent disease j a kind of con- 
sumption. 

MA-RAUD', r. r. [Fr. maraud.] To rove in quest of plun- 
der to make an excursion for booty ; to plunder. 

* MA-RAUD'£R, n. A rover in quest of booty or plunder ; 
a plunderer : usually applied to small parties of soldiers. 

MA-RAUD'ING, ppr. Roving in search of plunder. 

MA-RAUD'ING, 71. A roving for plunder j a plundering by 
invaders. 

MAR-A-Ve'DI, 71. A small copper coin of Spain. 

MAR'BLE, n. [Fr. marbre ; h. marmor.] 1. The popular 
name of any species of calcarious stone or mineral, of a 
compact texture, and of a beautiful appearance, suscepti- 
ble of a good polish. 2. A little ball of marble or other 
stone, used by children in play. 3. A stone remarkable 
for some inscription or sculpture. — Arundel marbles^ or 
Arundelian marbles, marble pieces with a chronicle of the 
city of Athens inscribed on them ; presented to the uni- 
versity of Oxford, by Thomas, earl of Arundel. 

MaR'BLE, a. 1. Made of marble. 2. Variegated in col- 
or j stained or veined like maible. 3. Hard j insensi- 
ble. 

MAR'BLE, V. t. To variegate in color j to cloud ; to stain or 
vein like marble. 

MAR'BLED, pp. Diversified in color; veined like marble. 

MAR'BLE-HEART'ED, a. Having a heart like marble; 
hard-hearted ; cruel ; insensible. 

MAR'BLING, ppr. Variegating in colors ; clouding or vein- 
ing like marble. 

MAR'BLING, n. The art or practice of variegating in color, 
in imitation of marble. 

t MAR'GA-SITE, n. [It. marcassita ; Fr. marcassite.] A 
name which has been given to all sorts of minerals, to 
ores, pyrites, and semi-metals. 

MAR-€A-SIT'I€, a. Pertaining to rrarcasite. 

MAR-CES'CENT, a. [L. marcescens, marcesco.] Wither- 
ing ; fading; decayii^. 

MAR-^ES'SI-BLE, a. That may wither ; liable to decay. 

MARCH, 71. [L. Mars.] The third month of the year. 

t MARCH, V. i. To border on ; to be contiguous to. 

MARCH, V. i. [Fr. marcher.] 1. To move by steps and in 
order, as soldiers ; to move in a military manner. 2. To 
walk in a grave, deliberate or stately manner. 

MARCH, v.'t. 1. To cause to move, as an army. 2. To 
cause to move in order or regular procession. 

MARCH, 71. [Fr. marche.] 1. The walk or movement of 
soldiers in order, whether infantry or cavalry. 2. A grave, 
deliberate or solemn walk. 3. A slow or laborious walk. 
4. A signal to move ; a particular beat of the drum. 5. 
Movement ; progression ; advance. 

MARCH'ER, 71. The lord or ofiicer who defended the 
marches or borders of a territory. Davies. 

MARCH'ES, 71. phi. [Sax. mearc ; Fr. marches.] Borders ; 
limits ; confines. England. 

MARCH'ING, ppr. Moving or walking in order or in a 
stately manner. 

MARCH'ING, 71. JMilitary movement ; passage of troops. 

MAR'CIIION-ESS, (m’ar'chun-es) ti. The wife or widow 
of a marquis ; or a female having the rank and dignity of 
a marquis. 

f MARCH'PANE, 71 . [Fr. massepain.] A kind of sweet 
bread or biscuit. Sidney. 

MAR'CID, a. [L. marcidus.] Pining ; wasted away ; lean ; 
withered. Dry den. 

MAR'COR, 77. [L.] The state of withering or wasting ; 
leanness ; waste of flesh ; [little itset?.] Harvey. 

MARE, n. [Sax. mijra ; G. mahre.] 1. The female of the 
horse. 2. [Sax. mai’a.] A kind of torpor or stagnation, 
which seems to press the stomach in sleep ; the incubus. 
[H is now used only in the compound, nightmare.] 

I\Li*RE. Used for more in the Morth of England. 

MAR'E-CA, n. A species of duck in South America. 

MA-Re'NA, n. A kind of fish somewhat like a pilchard. 

MARE'SCHAL, (mar'shal) n. [Fr. marechal.] The chief 
commander of an army. Prior. 

MAR'GA-RATE, 7i. [L. margarita.] In chemistry, a com- 
])ound of margaric acid with a base. 

MAR-GARTC, a. Pertaining to pearl. 

MAR'GA-RIN, or MAR'GA-RINE, 71. A peculiar pearl-like 
substance, extracted from hog’s lard ; called also mai'ga- 
rite and margaric acid. 

MAR'GA-RITE, 71. \. A^^x\. Peachaui. 2. Margaric acid. 
3. A mineral. 

MaR'G A-RITES, 77. An herb. Ainsicorth. 

MAR'GAY, 71. An American animal of the cat kind. 

IMAR'GIN, 77. [formerly marge, or margent. Fr. marge ; It. 
margine ; Sp. mar gen ; L. inargo.] 1. A border ; edge ; 
brink ; verge. 2. The edge of the leaf or page of a book, 
left blank or filled with notes. 3. The edge of a wound. 
— 4. In botany, the edge of a leaf. 

.MAR'GIN, v.t. ]. To furnish with a margin; to border. 
2. To enter in the margin. 


MAR'OIN-AL, G. 1. Pertaining to a margin, 2. Written 
or printed in the margin. 

MAll'GIN-AL-LY, adv. In the margin of a book. 

I MAR'GIN-ATE, v. t. To make brims or margins. Cock- 

€7*CL71Xm 

MAR'GIN-A-TED, a. Having a margin. 

MAR'GODE, 77 . A bluish gray stone. 

BIAR'GOT, 71. A fish of the perch kind. 

MAR'GRAVE, n. [D. markgraff ; G. markgraf.] A title of 
nobility in Germany, &c. 

MAR-GRA'VI-ATE, n. The territory or jurisdiction of a 
margrave. 

MART-ETS, 77 . A kind of violet, [violcB marianm.] 

MA-RIG'E-NOUS, a. [L. mare and gigno.] Produced in or 
by the sea. Kirwan. 

* MART-GoLD, 77 . A plant of the genus calendula, bearing 
a yellow flower. 

MART-KIN, n. A species of monkey having a mane. 

MART-NATE, v. t. [Fr. mariner.] To salt or pickle fish 
and then preserve them in oil or vinegar. [Little used.] 

MA-RINE'’, a. [Fr. ; lu.marinus.] 1. Pertaining to the .sea. 

2. Transacted at sea ; done on tne ocean. 3. Doing duty 
on the sea. 

MA-RINE', n. 1. A soldier that serves on board of a ship 
in naval engagements. 2. The whole navy of a kingdom 
or state. 3. The whole economy of naval aflairs. 

MART-NER, 71 . [Fr. marmier.] A seaman or sailor ; one 
wiiose occupation is to assist m navigating ships. 

MART-PUT, 77. The zoril, an animal of the skunk tribe. 

MARTSH, 77. [Fr. 7narais.] Low ground, wet or covered 
with water and coarse grass ; a fen ; a bog ; a moor, it 
is now written marsh. 

MARTSH, a. Moory ; fenny ; boggy. Bacon. 

MART-TAL, a. [Fr. ; L. viaritus.] Pertaining to a hus- 
band. Ayliffe. 

t MAR-I-TA'TED, a. Having a husband. Diet. 

MART-TIME, a. [h. 7 narithnus.] 1. Relating or pertaining 
to the sea or ocean. 2. Performed on the sea ; naval. 3. 
Bordering on the sea. 4. Situated near the sea. 5. H 71 V- 
ing a navy and commerce by sea. — Maritimal is not now 
used. 

MAR'JO-RAM, 77 . [Fr. marjolaine ; G. majoran.] A plant 
of the genus origan7im, of several species. 

MARK, 71. ^Sax. 7iiarc, mearc ; D.nierk; G. marker Dan. 
mcerke ; \V. marc ; Fr. marque.] 1. A visible line made 
by drawing one substance on another. 2. A line, groove 
or depression made by stamping or cutting ; an incision ; 
a channel or impression. 3. Any note or sign of distinc- 
tion. 4. Any visible effect of force or agency. 5. Any 
apparent or intelligible effect ; proof ; evidence. G. No- 
tice taken. 7. Any thing to which a missile weapon may 
be directed. 8. Any object used as a guide, or to which 
the mind may be directed. 9. Any thing visible, by 
which knowledge of something may be obtained ; indica- 
tion. 10. A character made by a person who cannot 
write his name, and intended as a substitute for it. — 11. 
Fr. marc ; Sp. marco.] A w’eight of certain commodities, 
ut particularly of gold and silver. 12. A license of re- 
prisals ; see Marque. 

MARK,r. f. [Sax.mearcian; D.mcrken; G. niarken; Dan. 
marker ,* Fr. marquer.] 1. To draw or make a visible lino 
or character with any substance. 2. To stamp : to im- 
press ; to make a visible impression, figure or indenture. 

3. To make an incision ; to lop off a part ; to make any 
sign of distinction. 4. To form a name, or tlie initials of 
a name, for distinction. 5. To notice ; to take particular 
observation of. 6. To heed ; to regard. — To mark out, to 
notify, as by a mark ; to point out ; to designate. 

MARK, V. i. To note ; to observe critically ; to take partic- 
ular notice ; to remark. 

t MARK'A-BLE, a. Remarkable. Sandys. 

MARKED, pp. Impressed with any note or figure of dis- 
tinction ; noted ; distinguished by some character. 

MARK'ER, n. 1. One who puts a mark on any thing. 2. 
One that notes or takes notice. 

MAR'KET, 77 . [D., G. markt ,• Dan. marked.] 1. A public 
place in a city or town, where provisions or cattle are 
exposed to sale. 2. A public building in which provisions 
are exposed to sale ; a market-house. 3. Sale ; the ex- 
change of provisions or goods for money ; purchase or 
rate of purchase and sale. 4. Place of sale. 5. The priv- 
ilege of keeping a public market. 

MAR'KET, V. i. To deal in market ; to buy or sell ; to 
make bargains for provisions or goods. 

MAR'KET-BELL, n. Tlie bell that gives notice of the 
time or day of market. 

MAR'KET-€R0SS, 77 , A cross set up where a market is 
held. 

MAR'KET-DAY, 77 . The day of a public market. 

MAR'KET-FOLKS, 71 . People that come to the market. 

MAR'KET-HOUSE, n. A building for a public market. 

MAR'KET-MAID, 71 . A woman that brings things to 
market. 

MAR'KET-MAN, 7 t. A man that brings things to market. 


* Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE ;— B?JLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


MAR 


518 


MAR 


MAR'KET-PLACE, n. The place where provisions or 
goods are exposed to sale. 

MaR'KET-PKICE, ) n. The current price of commodities 

MAll'KET-RATE, J atany^iveii time. 

MAR'KET-TOWN, n. A town that has the privilege of a 
stated public market. 

MAR'KET-WOM-AN, n. A woman that brings things to 
market. 

MAR'KET-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be sold 5 salable. 2. 
Current in market. Lovke. 

MAR'KET-ING, n. Supply of a market j attendance upon 
R ITlRfkot- 

MARKS'MAN, n. 1. One that is skillful to hit a mark ; he 
that shoots well. 2. One who, not able to write, makes 
his mark instead of his name. 

MARL, w. [W. ?narL] A species of calcarious earth, of 
different composition, and possessing fertilizing properties. 

MARL, V. t. 1. To overspread or manure with marl. 2. To 
fasten with marline. Ainsworth. 

MAR-La'CEOUS, a. Resembling marl ; partaking of the 
qualities of marl. 

MAR'LINE, n. [Sp. merlin ; Port, merlim.'] A small line 
composed of two strands little twisted, and either taned 
or white ; used for winding round ropes and cables, to 
prevent their being fretted by the blocks, &c. 

MAR^LINE, V. t. To wind marline round a rope. 

MAR'LINE-SPIKE, n. A small iron like a large spike, 
used to open the bolt-rope when the sail is to be sewed to 
it, &c. Bailey. 

MAR'LING, 71. The act of winding a small line about a 
rope, to prevent its being galled. 

MAR'LITE, 71. A variety of marl. Kirwan. 

MAR-LIT'IG, a. Partaking of the qualities of marlite. 

MARL'PIT, n. A pit where marl is dug. Woodward. 

MARL'Y, a. 1. Consisting in or partaking of marl. 2. Re- 
sembling marl. 3. Abounding with marl. 

MAR'MA-LADE, I n. [Fr. mannelade ; Sp. mermclada.'] 

MAR'MA-LET, \ The pulp of quinces boiled into a con- 
sistence with sugar, or a confection of plums, apricots, 
quinces, &c. boiled with sugar. 

MAR'MA-LITE, n. [Gr. ftap/zaipw.] A mineral. 

MAR-MO-Ra'CEOUS, a. Pertaining to or like marble. 

MAR'MO-RA-TED, a. [~L.marmor.] Covered with marble. 
[Little used.] 

MAR-MO-RA'TION, n. A covering or incrusting with 
marble. [Little ^ised.] 

MAR-Mo'RE-AN, a. [L. 7narmoreus.] 1. Pertaining to 
marble. 2. Made of marble. 

MAR'MOSE, 72. An animal resembling the opossum. 

* MAR'MO-SET, n. A small monkey. Shak. 

* MAR'MOT, n. [It. marmotta.] A quadruped of the genus 
arctomys, allied to the murine tribe. 

MA-ROON', 72. A name given to free blacks living on the 
mountains in the West India isles. 

MA-ROON', V. t. To put a sailor ashore on a desolate isle, 
under pretense of his having committed some great crime. 

MARQ,UE, ) n. [Fr.] I. Letters of marque are letters of re- 

MARK, ^ prisal ; a license or extraordinary commis- 
sion granted by a sovereign of one state to his subjects, to 
make reprisals at sea on the subjects of another, under 
pretense of indemnification for injuries received. 2. The 
ship commissioned for making reprisals. 

MAR'Q,UET-RY, (mlir'ket-ry) n. [Fr. marquetcrie.] Inlaid 
work ; work inlaid with variegations of fine wood, shells, 
ivory and the like. 

MAR QUIS, 72. [Fr. ; Sp. marques ; It. marchese.] A title 
of honor in Great Biitain, next to that of duke. 
MAR^QUIS, 72. A marchioness. Shak. 
lAR'QUI-SATE, n. The seigniory, dignity, or lordship of 
a marquis. 

MAIPRER, 72. One that mars, hurts or impairs. 
MAR'RI-A-BLE, for marriaseahle. 

lAR'RIAGE, (martridje) n. [Fr. mariage.] 1. The act of 
uniting a man and woman for life ; wecflock ; the legal 
union of a man and woman for life. 2. A feast made on the 
occasion of a marriage. — 3. In a Scriptural sense, the union 
between Christ and his church by the covenant of grace. 

MAR'RIAGE-A-BLE, a. 1. Of an age suitable for mar- 
riage £ fit to be married. 2. Capable of union. 

MAR'RlAGE- AR'TI-CLES, n. Contract or agreement on 
which a marriage is founded. 

MAR'RIED, pp. 1. United in wedlock. 2. a. Conjugal j 
connubial. 

MAR^RoW, 72. [Sax. merg, viearh ; D. merg ; G. mark.] 

1. A soft, oleaginous substance contained in the cavities 
of animal bones. 2. The essence ; the best part.— 3. In the 
Scottish dialect, a companion ; fellow ; associate ; match. 

MAR'RoW, 7;. t. To fill with marrow or with fat ; to glut. 

MAR'RoW-BONE, 7i. 1. A bone containing marrow, or 
boiled for its marrow. 2. The bone of the knee. 

MAR RoW-FAT, 7t. A kind of rich pea. 

MAR'RoW-ISH, a. Of tJie nature of marrow. 

MAR/RoW-LESS, a. Destituto-of marrow. Shak. 

MAIURoW-Y, a. Full of marrow j pithy. 


MAR'RY, t;. t. [Fr. marier.] 1. To unite in wedlock or 
matrimony j to join a man and woman for life. 2. To 
dispose of in wedlock. 3. To take for husband or wife. — 
4. In Scripture, to unite in covenant, or in the closest 
connection. 

MAR'RY, V. i. To enter into the conjugal state j to unite as 
husband and wife j to take a husband or a wife. 

I MAR'RY, a term of asseveration, is said to liave been de- 
rived from the practice of swearing by the virgin Mary. 

MARS, 72. In mythology, the god of war j in modtrn usage, 
a planet j and in the old chemistry, a term for iron. 

MARSH, 72. [Sax. mersc ; Fr. i7iarais.] A tract of low land, 
usually or occasionally covered with w’ater, or very wet 
and miry, and overgrown with coarse grass or with de- 
tached clumps of sedge j a fen. 

MARSH'-EL'DER, n. The gelder rose. 

MARSH-MAL'LoVV, 72. A plant of the genus althcea. 

MARSH-MAR'I-GoLD, 72. A plant of the genus caltha. 

MARSH-ROCK'ET, 72. A species of water cresses. 

MAR'SflAL, 72. [Fr. marechal ; D., G. marschalk.] 1. The 
chief officer of arms, whose duty it is to regulate combats 
in the lists. 2. One who regulates rank and order at a 
feast or any other assembly, directs the order of procession 
and the like. 3. A harbinger 5 a pursuivant; one who 
goes before a prince to declare his coming and provide 
entertainment. — 4. In France, the highest military offi- 
cer. — 5. In America, a civil officer in each judicial dis- 
trict, answering to the sheriff' of a county. 6. An 
officer of any private society, appointed to regulate their 
ceremonies and execute their orders. — Earl marshal of 
England, the eighth officer of state. 

MAR'SHAL, V. t. 1. To dispose in order; to arrange in a 
suitable manner, fl. To lead, as a harbinger; [o/;s.] 3. 
To dispose in due order the several parts of an escutcheon, 
or the coats of arms of distinct families. 

MAR'SHALED, pp. Arranged in due order. 

MAR'SHAL-ER, n. One who disposes in due order. 

MAR'SHAL-ING, ppr. Arranging in due order. 

MAR'SHAL-SEA, 72. In England, the prison in Southwark, 
belonging to the marshal of the king’s household. 

MAR'SHAL-SHIP, n. The office of a marshal. 

MARSH'Y, a. Wet ; boggy ; fenny. 2. Produced in 
marshes. 

MART, 72. [from market.] 1. A place of sale or traffick. 

2. Bargain ; purchase and sale ; [o&5.] 

t MART, V. t. To buy and sell ; to traffick. Shak. 

t MART, V. i. To trade dishonorably. Shak. 

MAR'TA-GON, n. A kind of lily. Herbert. 

t MAR'TEL, V. t. [Fr. marteler.] To strike. 

MAR'TEN. See Martin. 

MAR'TEN, 72. [D. marter ; Fr. marte.] An animal of the 
genus mustela, or weasel kind. 

MAR'TIAL, (mar'shal) a. [Fr. ; E.martialis.] 1. Pertaining 
to war ; suited to war. 2. Warlike ; brave ; given to war. 

3. Suited to battle. 4. Belonging to war, or to an army and 
navy. 5. Pertaining to Mars, or borrowing the properties 
of that planet; [oi>5.] 6. Having the properties of iron, 
called, by the old chemists, mars. 

t MAR'TIAL-ISM, 72. Bravery ; martial exercises. 

t MAR'TIAL-IST, 72, A warrior ; a fighter. Howel. 

MAR'TIN, 72. [Fr. martinet.] A bird. 

MAR'TI-NET, or MART'LET, 72. In military language, a 
strict disciplinarian. 

MAR'TI-NETS, n. In ships, martinets are small lines fas- 
tened to the leech of a sail, to bring it close to the yard 
when the sail is furled. 

MAR'TIN-GAL, 72. [Fr. martingale.] 1. A strap or thong 
fastened to the girth under a horse’s belly, and at the 
other end to the mus-roll, passing between the fore legs. 
— 2. In ships, a rope extending from the jib-boom to the 
end of a bumpkin under the cap of the bowsprit. 

MAR'TIN-MAS, n. [Martin and Twass.] The feast of St. 
Martin, the eleventh of November. Johnson. 

MART'LET, n. Martlets, in heraldry, are little birds rep- 
resented without feet. 

MAR'TYR, 72. [Gr. paprv^.] 1. One who, by his death, 
bears witness to the truth of the gospel. 2. One who 
suffers death in defense of any cause. 

MAR'TYR, V. t. 1. To put to death for adhering to wffiat 
one believes to be the truth. Pearson. 2. To murder ; to 
destroy. Chaucer. 

MAR'TYR-DOM, n. The death of a martyr ; the suffering 
of death on account of one’s adherence to the gospel. 

MAR'TYR-lZE, v. t. To offer as a martyr. [L. 72.] Spenser. 

MAR-TYR-0-L06'I-€AL, a. Registering or registered in a 
catalogue of martyrs, 

MAR-TYR-OL'O-GIST, n. A writer of martyrology, or an 
account of martyrs. 

MAR-TY"R-OL'0-GY, n. [Gr. yaprop and Xoyoj.] A history 
or account of martyrs with their sufferings ; or a register 
of martyrs. 

MAR'VEL, 72. [Fr. merveille.] 1. A wonder; that which 
arrests the attention, and causes a person to stand or gaze, 


*See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long.^Fl^F, FALL, WH AT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD,— f Obsolete 


MAS 


519 MAS 


or to pause ; [nearly c6s.] 2. Wonder ; admiration. — 

Marvel of Peru, a plant of the genus mirabilis. 

MAR'VEL, V . i. To wonder. [JV'early obsolete.] 

MAR'V"EL-1NG, ppr. Wondering. 

MAR'VEL-OUS, a. [Fr. 7nerveilleux.] 1. Wonderful ; 
strange ; exciting wonder or some degree of surprise. 2. 
Surpassing credit ; incredible. 3. The marveloxis, in 
Tcritings, is that which exceeds natural power — 4. For- 
merly, used adverbially for tconderfully, exceedingly. 

MAR'VEL-OUS-LY, adv. Wonderfully; strangely; in a 
manner to excite wonder or surprise. 

MAR'VEL-OUS-NESS, ri. Wonderfulness ; strangeness. 

Ma'RY-BUD, 71. The marigold. Shak. 

MAS'CLE, (ma'sl) n. In heraldry, a lozenge, as it were 
perforated. Todd. 

t MAS^EU-LATE, v. t. [L. masculus.] To make strong. 
Cocker am. 

MaS'EU-LINE, a. [Fr. masculin ; L. masculinus.] 1. Hav- 
ing the qualities of a man ; strong ; robust. 2. Resem- 
bling man ; coarse. 3. Bold ; brave. — 4. In grammar, the 
masculine gender of words is that which expresses a male, 
or something analogous to it. 

MAS'€U-LINE-LY, adv. Like a man. B. Jonson. 

MAS'CU-LINE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 
manly ; resemblance of man in qualities. 

MASH, 71. [G. meischen.] 1. A mixture or mass of ingre- 
dients, beaten or blended together in a promiscuous man- 
ner. 2. A mixture for a horse. 3. A mesh. See Mesh. 

IVIASH, V. t. 1. To beat into a confused mass. 2. To 
bruise ; to crush by beating or pressure. 3. To mix malt 
and water together in brewing. 

MASHED, pp. Beat into a mass ; bruised ; crushed ; mixed 
into a mash. 

MASH'ING, ppr. Beating into a mass ; bruising ; crushing. 

MASHHNG-TUB, n. A tub for containing the mash in 
breweries. 

MASH'Y, a. Produced by crushing or bruising. 

MASK, 71. [Fr. masque.] 1. A cover for the face ; that 
which conceals the face, especially a cover with apertures 
for the eyes and mouth ; a visor. 2. That which dis- 
guises ; any pretense or subterfuge. 3. A festive enter- 
tainment of dancing or other diversions, in which the 
company all w'ear masks ; a masquerade. 4. A revel ; a 
bustle ; a piece of mummery. 5. A dramatic performance 
written in a tragic style, without attention to rules or 
probability. — 6. In architecture, a piece of sculpture rep- 
resenting some grotesque form, to fill and adorn vacant 
places. 

MASK, V. t. 1. To cover the face ; to conceal with a mask 
or visor. 2. To disguise ; to cover ; to hide. 

MASK, V. i. 1. To revel ; to play the fool in masquerade. 

2. To be disguised in any way. Shak. 

MASKED, pp. 1. Having the face covered ; concealed ; 
disguised. — 2. a. In botany, personate. 

MASK'ER, n. One that wears a mask ; one that plays the 
fool at a masquerade. 

MASK'ER-Y, n. The dress or disguise of a masker. 

IVIASK'-HOUSE, n. A place for masquerades. Bp. Hall. 

MaSK'ING, ppr. Covering with a mask ; concealing. 

MAS'LTN. See Meslin. 

MA SON, (mZL'sn) n. [Fr. magon.] 1. A man whose occu- 
pation is to lay bricks and stones. 2. A member of the 
fraternity of free masons. 

MA-SON'IC, a. Pertaining to the craft or mysteries of free 
masons. 

Ma'SON-RY, 77. [Fr. magonnerie.] 1. The art or occupa- 
tion of a mason. 2. The work or performance of a mason. 

3. The craft of free masons. 

MAS'O-RA, n. [Heb.] A Hebrew work on the Bible, by 
several Rabbins. 

MAS-O-RET'IC, a. [Heb.] Relating to the Masorites, wlio 
interpreted the Scriptures by tradition, and invented the 
Hebrew points to fix the true reading and pronuncia- 
tion. 

MAS'O-RITE, 77. One of the writers of the Masora. 

MAS-Q,UER-aDE', 77. [It. mascherata.,] 1. A nocturnal 
assembly of persons wearing masks, and amusing them- 
selves with dancing, conversation and other diversions. 
2. Disguise. 3. A Spanish diversion on horseback. 

MAS-Q,UER-aDE', V. 7. 1. To go in disguise. 2. To as- 
semble in masks. Swift. 

MAS-CIUER-aDE', V. t. To put in disguise. Killingheck. 

MAS-Q,UER-aD'ER, 77. A person wearing a mask ; one 
disguised. Estrange. 

MAS-OUER-aD'ING, ppr. Assembling in masks. 

MASS, 77. [Fr. masse.] 1. A lump ; a body of matter con- 
creted, collected or formed into a lump ; applied to any 
solid body. 2. A collective body of fluid matter. 3. A 
heap. 4. A great quantity collected. 5. Bulk ; magni- 
tude. 6. An assemblage ; a collection of particulars 
blended, confused or indistinct. 7. Gross body of things 
considered collectively ; the body ; the bulk. 

MASS, 77. [Sax. maesa, mcesse ; Fr. messe.] The service of 
the Romish church ; the office or prayers used at the cele- 


bration of the eucharist ; the consecration of the bread 
and wine. 

I MASS, V . i. To celebrate mass. Hooker. 

t MASS, V . t. To fill ; to stuff ; to strengthen. 

MAS'SA-CRE, ) 77. [Fr. T/mssacre.] 1. The murder of an 

MAS'SA-CER, ) individual, or the slaughter of numbers 
of human beings, with circumstances of cruelty ; the in- 
discriminate killing of human beings, without authority 
or necessity, and without forms, civil or military. It dif- 
fers from assassination, which is a private killing. It 
differs from carnage, which is rather the effect of slaugh- 
ter tJian slaughter itself, and is applied to the authorized 
destruction of men in battle. Massacre is sometimes 
called butchery, from its resemblance to the killing of 
cattle. 2. Murder. Shak. 

MAS'SA-CRE, V . t . To murder human beings witli circum- 
stances of cruelty ; to kill men with indiscriminate vio- 
lence. 

MAS'SA-CRER, n. One who massacres. Burke. 

MASS'ER, 77. A priest who celebrates mass. 

MAS'SE-TER, n. A muscle which raises the under jaw. 

MAS'Sl-COT, or MAS'TI-COT, 77. [Fr. massicot.] Calcin- 
ed white lead ; yellow oxvd of lead. 

MASS'I-NESS, or MASS'IVE-NESS, 77. The state of being 
massy; great weight or weight with bulk; ponderous- 
ness. 

MASS'IVE, or MASS'Y, a. [Fr. massif, from mass.] Heavy ; 
weighty ; ponderous ; bulky and heavy. 

MASS'IVE, a. In mineralogy, in mass; having a crystaline 
structure, but not a regular form. 

MAST, 77. [Sax. mwst ; D., G., Sw., Dan. ?nast.] A long, 
round piece of timber, elevated perpendicularly on the 
keel of a ship or other vessel, to which the yards, sails 
and rigging are attached, and by which they are sup- 
ported. 

MAST, 77. [Sax. ?nwstc.] The fruit of the oak and beech, or 
other forest trees ; nuts ; acorns. 

MAST'ED, a. Furnished with a mast or masts. 

MAS'TER, 71. [Fr. maitre, for maister ,* Russ. 7naster ; D. 
mcester i G. 7neister.] 1. A man who rules, governs or 
directs either men or business. 2. A director, head or 
chief manager. 3. The owner ; proprietor ; icith the idea 
of g over 7iing. 4. A lord ; a ruler ; one who has supreme 
dominion. 5. A chief; a principal. Pope. C. One who 
has possession and the power of controlling or using at 
pleasure. 7. The commander of a merchant ship. — 8. In 
skips of war, an officer who takes rank immediately after 
the lieutenants, and navigates the ship under the direc- 
tion of the captain. 9. The director of a school ; a teach- 
er; an instructor. 10. One uncontrolled. 11. An appel- 
lation of respect. 12. An appellation given to young 
men. 13. A man eminently or perfectly skilled in any 
occupation, art or science. 14. A title of dignity in col- 
leges and universities. 15. The chief of a society. 16. 
The director of ceremonies at public places or on public 
occasions. 17. The president of a college. England. — As 
a title of respect given to adult persons, it is pronounced 
7nister. 

MAS'TER, V. t. 1. To conquer ; to overpower ; to subdue ; 
to bring under control. 2. To execute with skill. 3. To 
rule ; to govern ; [ubs.] 

t MAS'TER, V . 7. To be skillful ; to excel. Spenser. 

t MAS'TER-DOM, 77. Dominion; rule. Shak. 

t MAS'TER-FUL, a. Having the skill of a master ; also, im- 
perious ; arbitrary. 

MAS'TER-HAND, 71. The hand of a man eminently skill- 
ful. Pope. 

MAS'TEll-JEST, n. Principal jest. Hudibras. 

MAS'TER-KeY, 71. The key that opens many locks. 

t MAS'TER-LI-NESS, 77. Eminent skill. 

MAS'TER-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of a master or owner. 2. 
Ungoverned ; unsubdued. 

MAS'TER-LODE, 71. In mming, the principal vein of ore. 

MAS'TER-LY, a. 1. Formed or executed with superior 
skill ; suitable to a master ; most excellent ; skillful. 2. 
Imperious. 

MAS'TER-LY^ adv. With the skill of a master. 

MAS'TER-PIeCE, 77. 1. A capital performance. 2. Chief 
excellence or talent. 

MAS'TER-SHIP, n. I. Dominion ; rule ; supreme power. 
2. Superiority ; preeminence. 3. Chief work ; master- 
piece ; [065.] 4. Superior skill. 5. Title of respect; in 
irony. 6. The office of president of a college, or other 
institution. 

M.AS'TER-SIN-EW, 77. A large sinew that surrounds the 
hough of a horse, and divides it from the bone by a hol- 
low place, where the wind-galls are usually seated. 

MAS'TER-STRING, 77. Principal string. Rowe. 

MAS'TER-STROKE, 77. Capital performance. 

MAS'TER-TOOTH, 77. A principal tooth. Bacon. 

MAS'TER-ToUCH, n. Principal performance. Taller. 

MAS'TER-WoRK, 77. Principal performance. 

MAS'TER- VV6RT, n. A plant of the genus iinperatoria. 

MAS'TER-Y, 77. 1. Dominion; power of governing or com- 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


MAT 


520 


MAT 


maiiuiiig. 2. .Superiority in competition j preeminence. 

3. Victory in war. 4. Eminent skill ; superior dexterity, jj 
5.’ Attainment of eminent skill or power. 

MAST'FIJL, fl. Abounding with mast, or fruit of oak, beech | 
and otlier forest trees. : 

MAS'TI€, or MAS'TICH, n. [Fr. wrwtif.l 1. A resin ex* 
suding from the rnastic-tree, a species of pistacia. ii. A 
kind of mortar or cejnent. 

MAS'TI-€ATE, r. t. [L. mastico.] To chew j to grind with 
the teeth and prepare for swallowing and digestion. 

MAS'TI-€A-TEO, pp. Chewed. 

MAS'TI-€A-TING, ppr. Chewing ; breaking into small 
pieces with the teetii. 

MAS-TI-€a'TIOX, n. The act of chewing food. 

MAS'Tl-CA-TO-RV, a. Chewing; adapted to perform the 
office of chewing food. Laicrence^s Lect. 

MAS'TI-CA-TO-llY. n. A substance to be chewed to in- 
crease the saliva. Voxc. 

MaS'TIFF, / 71. / p/ji. Mastiffs. [Sp. mastin.] A large 

MaS^TIF, ) species of dog, remarkable for strength and 
courage. 

M.AST'LESS, a. 1. Having no mast, ns a vessel. 2. Bear- 
ing no mast. Drtjden. 

MAST'LIN. SecMESLiN, 

MASTO-DON, 71. [Gr, pacrrog and o^owf.] A genus of 
inaminiferous animals resembling the elephant, now ex- 
tinct, and known only by their fossil remains. It includes 
the North American mammoth. 

MAS'TOID, a. [Gr. pacro; and n6of.] Resembling the nip- 
ple or breast. 

t MAS'TRESS, for mistress. Chaucer. 

MAST'Y, «. Full of insist ; abounding with acorns, &c. 

MAT, 71 . rW. mat ; Sax. mealta.'\ 1. A texture of sedge, 
rushes, flags, husks, straw, or other material. 2. A web 
of rope-yarn, used in ships to secure the standing rigging 
from tlie friction of tiie yards, &c. 

MAT, V. t. 1. To cover or lay with mats. 2. To twist to- 
gether ; to ijiterweave like a mat ; to entangle. Dryden. 

3. To press together ; to lav flat. 

MAT'A-CIIIN, 71. fSp.] An old dance. 

MAT'A-DORE, tt. [Sp. matador.] One of the three princi- 
pal cards in the game of ombre and quadrille. 

MATCH, 71 . [Fr. 7«ec/ic.] 1. Some very combustible sub- 
stance used for catching fire from a spark. 9. A rope or 
cord made of hempen tow, composed of three strands 
slightly twisted, and again covered wiili tow and boiled 
in the lees of old wine. 

MATCH, 71. [Sax. maca and gemaca.] 1. A person who is 
equal to another in strength or other qtiality ; one able to 
cope with another. 2. One that suits or tallies with an- 
other ; or any thing that equals another. 3. Union by 
marriage. 4.’ One to be married. 

M.VTCH, n. [Gr. pa')^n-] A contest ; competition for vic- 
tory ; or a union of parties for contest. 

MATCH, V. t. 1. To equal. 2. To show' an equal. 3. To 
oppose as equal ; to set against as equ?il in contest. 4. 
To suit ; to make equ:d ; to proportion. 5. To marry ; to 
^ive in marriage. 6. To purify vesnels by burning a match 
in them. 

MATCH, v.i. 1. To be united in marriage. 2. To suit ; 
to correspond ; to be of equal size, figure or quality ; to 
tally. 

MATCH' A-BLE, a. 1. Equal; suitable; fit to he joined. 
Spenser. 2. Correspondent ; [little used.] IVoodieard. 

MATCHED, pp. Equaled ; suited ; placed in opposition ; 
married. 

MATCH'ING, /^r. Equaling; suiting; setting in opposi- 
tion ; uniting in marriage. 

M/VrCH'LESS, a. Having no equal. 

MATCH'LESS-LY, adv. In a manner not to be equaled. 

MATCH'LESS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
without an equal. 

MATCH'LtX’K, n. Formerly^ the lock of a musket which 
was fired by a match. 

MATCll'MA-KER, n. 1. One tvho makes matches for 
burning. 2. One wlio contrives or effects a union by 
marriage. 

MAl’E, 71. [1). maat.] 1. A companion ; an associate ; one 
who customarily associates with another. 2. A husband 
or tvife. 3. The male or female of animals tvhich zusso- 
ciate for propagation and the care of their young. 4. One 
that eats at the same table. 5. One that attends the same 
school ; a school-mate. 6. An officer in a merchant ship 
or ship of war, wfliose duty is to assist tlie master or com- 
mander. 

MATE, n. [Sp., Port, mate ; Fr. mat.] In chessy the state 
of the king so situated that he cannot escape. 

MATE, V. t. 1. To matcli ; to marry. *2. To erpial ; to be 
equal to. 3. To oppose ; to equal. 

t MATE, V. t. [Fr. mater.] To enervate ; to subdue ; to 
crush. 

MaTE'LEBS, a. Having no mate or companion. 

MA-Te'RI-A ]MED'1-€A. 1, A general name for every 


substance used in medicine. 2. An auxiliary branch of 
the science of medicine. 

MA-Te'RI-AL, a. [It. materiale ; Fr. materiel.] 1. Con- 
sisting of matter; not spiritual. 2. Important; moment- 
ous ^ more or less necessary ; having influence or eflect. 
3. Not formal ; substantial. 4. Furnishing materials. 
MA-Te'RI-AL, t?. Tlie substance or matter of whicli any 
thing is made. 

MA-TE'RI-AL-ISM, 71. The doctrine of materialists. 
MA-TE'RI-AL-iyT, n. One who denies the existence of 
spiritual substances, and maintains that the soul of man is 
the result of a paiticular organization of matter in the body. 
MA-TE-RI-AL'l-TY, n. 1. Material existence ; corporeity ; 

not spirituality. 2. Importance. .Judge Chase. 
MA-Te'RI-AL-iZE, V. t. To reduce to a state of matter ; 

also, to regard as matter. Reid, 

MA-Te'RI-AL-LY, adv. J. In the state of matter. Boyle. 
2. Not formally ; substantially. 3. In an important man- 
ner or degree ; essentially. 

MA-Te'RI-AL-N- 71. The state of being material ; im- 
portance. 

MA-TE'RI-ATE, I a. [L, materiatus.] Consisting of 
MA-Te'RI-A-TED, \ matter. [Little used.] Bacon. 
MA-TE-RI-A'TION, 71. The act of forming matter. 
lA-TERN'AL, a. [L. materims.] Motherly ; pertaining to 
a mother ; becoming a mother. 

MA-TERN'I-TY, n. [Fr. maternity.] The character or re- 
lation of a mother. 

MAT'FEL-ON, 71. A plant called knap-weed. 

MATH, 71 . [Sax. 'nuBth.] A mowing; as in aftermath. 
MATH-E-MAT'IC, i a. [L. mathematicus .] 1. Pertain- 
MATII-E-MAT'I-€AL, I ing to mathematics. 2. Accord- 
ing to the principles of mathematics. 
MATH-E-MATH-CAL-LY, adv. 1. According to the laws or 
principles of mathematical science. 2. W ith mathemat- 
ical certainty ; demonstrably. 

MATH-E-MA-TI"CIAN, ti. [Fr. mathematicien.] One 
, versed in mathematics, 
jj MATH-E-MAT'ICS, 71. [h. mathematica.] The science of 

I j quantity ; the science which treata of magnitude and 

I I number, or of whatever can be measured or numbered. 

]! MATH'E-MEG, 71. A fish of the cod kind. 

j ! MATH'ES, 71. An herb. Ainsicorth. 

I * MATH* E-SIS, 71. [Gr. paBrjaig.] The doctrine of raatlie- 
matics. Pope. 

MAT'IN, a. [Fr. matin.] Pertaining to the morning ; used 
in the morning, 
t MAT'IN, 71. Morning. Shak. 

MAT'INS, 71. 1. Morning worship or service ; morning 
prayers or songs. 2. Time of morning sei-vice. 
MAT'llASS, 71. [Fr. matras.] A cucurbit ; a chemical ves- 
sel in the shape of an egg. 

MAT'RESS, 71. [W. wntra5.] A quilted lied ; a bed stuffed 
with hair, moss or other soft material, and quilted. 
MA'TRICE, or MA'TRIX, n. [L. matnx.] 1. The womb: 
the cavity in which the fetus of an animal is formed ana 
nourished till its birth. 2. A mold ; the cavity in which 
any thing is formed, and w'hicli gives it shape. 3. The 
place where any thing is formed or produced ; gang. — 4. 
In dyeing, the five simple colors, black, white, blue, red 
and yellows of which all the rest are composed, 
MAT'RI-CI-DAL, a. Pertaining to matricide. 

* MAT'RI-CIDE, 71. [L. matricidium.] 1, Tlie killing or 
murder of a mother. 2. The killer or murderer of his 
mother. 

MA-TRIG'U-LATE, v.t. [L. matricula.] To enter or ad- 
mit to membership in a body or society, particularly, in a 
college or university, bv enrolling the name in a register. 
MA-TRI€'U-LATE, n. One enrolled in a register, and thus 
admitted to membership in a society, 
t MA-TRI€'U-LATE, a. Admitted into, or enrolled in, any 
society, by setting down the name. Skelton. 
MA-TRI€-U-LA'TION, n. The act of registering a name, 
and admitting to membership. 

MAT-RI-Mo'NI-AL, a. [It. matrimoniale.] 1. Pertaining 
to marriage ; connubial ; nuptial ; hymeneal. 2. Derived 
from marriage. 

MAT-RI-Mo'NI-AL-LY, adv. According to the manner or 
laws of marriage. Ayliffe. 

MAT-RI-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Matrimonial. [L. w.] Milton. 
MAT'RI-MO-NY, n. [L. matinmonium.] Marriage ; wed- 
lock ; the union of man and woman for life ; the nuptial 

St3,t0 

MA'TRIX. See Matrice. 

* MAT'RON, or MA'TRON, n. [Fr. matronc ; L. matrona.] 
An elderly married woman, or an elderly lady. Johnson. 

* MAT'RON-AL, a. [L. matronalis.] Pertaining to a mat- 
ron ; suitable to an elderly lady or to a married woman ; 
grave ; motherly, 

* MAT'RON-IZE, or MA'TRON-iZE, v. t. To render mat- 
ronlike. 

* MAT'RON-LIKE, or MArTRON-LIKE, a. Having the 
manners of an elderly woman ; grave ; sedate ; becoming 
a matron. 


* See Synopsis. A, F:, T, 0, f , long.—YAll, FATJ., WHAT PR^Y ;^PtN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsohte. 


MAU 


521 



• MAT^RON-LY, or MA'TROX-LY, a. Elderly j advanced 
in years. 

MA-TROSS', n. [D. matroos.] Matrosses are soldiers in a 
train of artillery, who are next to the gunners, and assist 
them in loading, firing and spunging the guns. 
MAT'TA-MORE, n. In the Ea&t, a subterranean repository 
for wheat. Shato. 

MAT'TER, 71. [L., Sp., It. materia ; Fr. matiere.] 1. Sub- 
stance excreted from living animal bodies ; that which is 
thrown out or discharged in a tumor, boil or abscess ; pus. 
2. Bodyj substance extended; that which is visible or 
tangible ; as earth, wood, stone. — 3. In a more general 
and philosophic sense^ the substance of which all bodies 
are composed ; the substratum of sensible qualities, though 
tJie parts composing the substratum may not be visible or 
tangible. 4. {Subject; thing treated; that about which 
we write or speak ; that which employs thought or excites 
emotion. 5. The very thing supposed or intended. 6. 
Affair ; business ; event ; thing ; course of things. 7. 
Cause of any event, as of any disturbance,-'^' a disease, or 
of a difficulty. 8. Subject of complai*il , suit ; demand. 
9. Import ; consequence ; iiirportance ; moment. 10. 
Space of time ; a portion of distance. 

MAT'TER, V. i. 1. To be of importance ; to import ; used 
with it, this, that or what. 2. 'I’o maturate ; to form pus ; 
to collect, as matter in an abscess ; [little used.] 
t :UAT'TER, 7^. t. To regard. 
jviAT'TER-LESS, a. Void of matter. B. Jonson. 
MAT'TER-OF-F ACT-MAN, n. A term of modern times 
for a grave and precise narrator, remarker or inquirer ; 
one who sticks to the matter of any fact. 

MAT'TER-Y, a. Purulent ; generating pus. Harvey. 
MAT'TOG, n. [Sax. mattuc.] A tool to grub up weeds or 
roots ; a grubbing hoe. Bailey. 

MAT'TRESS, n. A quilted bed. See Matress, a more cor- 
rect orthography. 

MAT'U-RANT, 7t. [L. maturo.'] In ;>^arwac7/, a medicine 
or application to a tumor, which promotes suppuration. 
MAT'U-RATE, v. t. [L. maturo.] To ripen ; to hasten or 
promote suppuration. 

MAT'U RATE, v.i. To become ripe; to suppurate, as a 
t!imor, and form pus. 

MAT-U-Ra'TION, 71. 1. The process of ripening or coming 
to maturity ; ripeness. 2. The process of suppurating ; 
suppuration. 

* MAT'U-RA-TIVE, a. 1. Ripening; conducing to ripe- 
ness. 2. Conducing to suppuration, or the formation of 
matter in a tumor or abscess. 

MA-TORE', a. [L. matiirus.] 1. Ripe ; perfected by time 
or natural growth. 2. Brought to perfection. 3. Com- 
pleted ; prepared ; ready. 4. Ripe ; come to suppuration. 
MA-TuRE', V. t. [L. maturo.] 1. To ripen ; to hasten to a 
perfect state ; to promote ripeness. 2. To advance to- 
wards perfection. 

MA-TuRE', V. i. To advance toward ripeness; to become 
ripe or perfect. 

JMA-TuR'ED, (ma-turd') pp. Ripened; advanced. to per- 
fection ; prepared. 

JMA-TuRE'LY, adv. 1. With ripeness; completely. 2. 
With full deliberation. 3. Early ; soon ; [a Latinism, 
little used.] 

MA-TCR'ING, ppr. Ripening ; being in or coming to a 
complete state. 

iUA-Tu'RI-TY, or MA-TCRE'NESS, n. Ripeness; a state 
of perfection or completeness. 

MAT'LT-Tl-NAL, ) a. [L. matutimus.] Pertaining to tlie 
MAT'TJ-TINE, | morning. Herbert. 

MATAVEED, n. A plant of the genus hjaeum 
MAUD^LIN, a. [corrupted from JMagdalen.] Drunk ; fud- 
dled ; approaching to intoxication ; stupid. 

MAUI) LIN, 77. A plant of the genus achillca, 

MAU'GRE, 1 adv. [Fr. malgrd.] In spite of; in opposition 
MAU'GER, J to; notwithstanding; used only in burlesque. 
MAIPKIN. See Malkin. 

MAUL, 71. [L. malleus.] A heavy wooden hammer; writ- 
ten, also, mall. Ses Mall. 

MAUL, V. t. To beat and bruise with a heavy stick or 
cudgel ; to wound in a coarse manner. 

MAUL'STICK, 71. [Germ, maiden ; Sii. Goth, maela.] The 
stick by whicli painters keep their hand steady in work- 
ing. 

j MAUNCH, 71. [Fr. manche.] A loose sleeve. Herbert. 

* M AUND, 71. [Sax. and I), mand.] A hand-basket; a word 
used in Scotland. 

MAUNf), \ v.t. and i. To mutter; to murmur; to 
M AUND'ER, ^ grumble ; to beg. 

MAUND'ER, 77. A beggar. 

*fM A(JND'ER-ER, 71. A grumbler, 
t MAUND'ER-ING, n. Complaint. 

* MAUN'DY-TIIURS'DAY, n. [supposed to be from Sax. 
m'and, a basket ; because on that day princes used to give 
rilms to the poor from their baskets ; or from dies mandati, 
the day of command, on which day our t?avior gave his 
great mandate, that we sliould love one another. Lye. 


, Johnson.] The Thuisday in jjassion week, or next before 
Good Friday. 

MAU-SO-Le'AN, a. Pertaining to a mausoleum ; monu- 
mental. Burton. 

MAU-SO-Le'UM, 71. [L. ; Fr. mausol6c ,• from Mausolvs, 
king of Caria.] A magnificent tomb, or stately sepulchral 
monument. 

t MAU'THER, 77 . A foolish young girl. B. Jonson. 

Ma' VTS, 71. [Fr. mauvis.] A bird, a s[>ecies of turdus. 
MAVv'^, n. [Sax. ma^a.] 1. The stomach of brutes ; applied 
to tlje stomach of human beings in contempt only. 2 . 
The craw of fowls, 
t MAWK, 71. A maggot ; a slattern. 

MAVVK'-1NG-LY. adv. Slatternly ; sluttishly. 
MAWK'ISII, a. Apt to cause satiety or loathing. 
MAWK'ISH-NESB, 71. Aptness to cause loathing. 
MAWK'Y, a. Maggoty. [Local.] Orose. 
t MAW'MET, 71. [from Mahomet.] A puppet; anciently, an 
idol. Wickliffe. 

f MAW'MET-RY, 71. The religion of Mohammed; also, 
idolatry. Chaucer. 

MAW'MISH, a. [from maw, or rnaxemet.] Foolish ; silly ; 

idle ; nauseous. IJEstrange. 

MAW'WoEM, 77 . A worm that infests the stomach. 
MAX'IL-LAR, I a. [L. niaxillaris.] Pertaining to tho 
MAX'lL-LA-RY, \ jaw. 

MAXffM, 71. [Fr. mazime.] 1. An established principle or 
proposition ; a principle generally received or admitted as 
true. — 2. In music, the longest note formerly used, equal 
to two longs, or four breves. 

MAX'IM-MoN-GER, 7 i. One who deals much in maxims. 
MAXff-MUM, n. [L.] In mathematics, the greatest number 
or quantity attainable in any given case. 

MAY, 71. [L. Maius ; Fr. A/ai.] 1. The fifth month of the 
year, beginning with January, but the third, beginning 
with March. 2. [Goth, maxci. See Maid.] A young 
woman ; 3. The early part of life. 

MAY, V. i. To gather flower's in May-morning. 

MAY, verb auz. ; pret. might. [Sax. magan.] 1. To be pos- 
sible. 2 . To have physical power ; to be able. 3. To 
have moral power; to be permitted. 4. It is used in 
prayer and petitions to express desire. — May be, it may be, 
are expressions equivalent to pex-haps, by chance, perad- 
venture, that is, it is possible to be. 

Ma Y'-AP-PLE, 71. A plant of the genus podophyllum. 
MaY^-BLOOM, 71. The hawthorn. 

MaY'-BUG, 71. A chaffer. Ainsworth. 

MaY^-BUSH, 71. A plant ol the genus cratcegus. \ 

MaY^-DAY, 71. The first day of May. f 

MaY'-DEW, 71. The dew of May. 

MaY'-DUKE, 71. A variety of the common cherry. / 
Ma Y'-FLOW-ER, 77 . A plant; a flower that appears in 
May. 

MaY*/-FLY, 71. An insect or fly tliat appears in May. 
MaY'-GAME, 71. Sport or divei*sion ; play. Dryden. 
MAYffNG, 71. The gathering of flowers on May -day. 
MaY'-La-DY, 71. The queen or lady of May, in Mav-games. 
MaY'-LIL-Y, 71. The lily of the valley. 

MaY'-MORN, 71. Freshness ; vigor. Shak. 

MaY'-POLE, 77 . A pole to dance round in May; a long 
pole erected. 

MAY'WEED, 71. A plant of the genus anthcxnis. 
MAY'HEM. See Maim. 

* MAY'Oll, 77 . [Fr. mairc ; Norm, maeur.] The chief magis- 
trate of a city. 

MAY'OR-AL-TY, n. The office of a mayor. Bacon. 

M AY'OR-ESS, 71. The wife of a mayor. 

MAZ^A-GAN, 71. A variety of the common bean. 
MAZ'ARD, 71. [Fr. machoire.] 1. The jaw; [ 065 .] 2. A 
kind of cherry. 

t MAZ'ARD, V. t. To knock on the head. B. Jonson. 
MAZ-A-RINE', 71. 1. A deep blue color. 2. A particular 
w'ay of dressing fowls. 3. A little dish set in a larger 
one. 

MAZE, 71. [Sax. iiiasc.] 1. A winding and turning ; per- 
plexed state of things ; intricacy ; a state that embarrasses. 
2. Con fusion of thought; perplexity; uncertainty. 3. A 
labyrinth. 

MAZE, V. t. To bewilder ; to confound with intricacy ; to 
amaze. Spenser. 

t MAZE, V. i. To be bewildered. Chaucer. 
t MAZ'ED-NESS, n. Confusion ; astonishment, 
t MAZ'ER, 71. A maple cup. Spenser. 

MAZ-O-LOG'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to mazologij. 
MA-ZOL'O-GIST, 71 . One versed in mazology. 
MA-Z0L'0 -(jY, 71. [Gr. and Aoyoj.] The doctrine or 
history of mammiferous animals. 

MA'ZYj a. Winding ; perplexed with turns and windings ; 
intricate. Milton. 

M. U. Mediciiuje Doctor, doctor of medicine. 

ME, pron. pers ; the objective case of I, answering to tlie 
obliquie cases of ego, in Latin. [Bax. me ; Goth, mik ; G. 
xnich ; Fr. moi ; I<. mihi ; Sp. 7711 ; It. xni, or me ; Arm. 

7?ie.] 


* Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BQO::, DOVE ;~-B[JT.L, IGNITE.— C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CII as SI! ; Til as in this. | Obsoleto 


MEA 


522 


MEA 


f MRA'GOoK, n. [qii. meek and cock.] An uxorious, ef- 
t'cininate man. 

t MEA'eOGK, «. Lame; timorous; cowardly. Shak. 

MkAD, n. [Sax. viedo, medit ; D. meede ; G. meth.] A fer- 
mented liquor consisting of honey and water, sometimes 
miriclied with spices. Encyc. 

MeAD, (meed) ) n. [Sax. viade^ mcedewe.] A tract of 

]\IEAD'oVV, (med'o) \ low land. — In Amenca, the word 
is applied particularly to the low ground on the banks of 
rivers, consisting of arich mold or an alluvial soil, whether 
grass land, pasture, tillage or wood land. 

MEAD'oVV-ORE,?i. In rnineralogy, conchoidal bog-iron ore. 

MEAD'oVV-RuE, n. A plant of the genus tkalictrum. 

MEAD'oW-SAF'FRON, n. A plant. 

MEAD'QW-SAXa-FRAGE, n. A plant. 

MEAD/qW-SWEET, 71. A plant. 

MEAD'oW-WORT, n. A plant. Drayton. 

MEAD'oW-Y, a. Containing meadow. J. Barlow. 

MeA'GRE, ) a. [Fr. maigre j Sp., It. magro ; L. macer.] 1. 

MeA'GER, i Thin; lean; destitute of flesh, or having little 
flesh. 2. Foor; barren; destitute of richness, fertility, or 
any tiling valuable. 3. Barren ; poor ; wanting strength 
otMiction, or richness of ideas or imagery. 

t MeA'GER, V. t. To make lean. KnoUes. 

MeA'GER-LY, adz?. Poorly; thinly. 

MeA'GER-NESS, 71. 1. Leanness ; want of flesh. 2. Poor- 
ness ; barrenness ; want of fertility or richness. 3. Scan- 
tiness; barrenness. 

MeAK, 71. A hook with a long handle. Tusser. 

MeAL, 71. [Sax. mcel ; D. macd ; G. mahl ] 1. A portion of 
food taken at one time ; a repast. 2. A part ; a fragment ; 
in the word piecemeal. 

MeAL, 71. [Sax. mealewe^ melewe ; G. mehl ; Sw. mibl ; 
Dan., D. meet.] 1. The substance of edible grain ground 
to fine particles, and not bolted or sifted. 2. Flour ; the 
finer part of pulverized grain. 

MeAL, V. t. To sprinkle with meal, or to mix meal with. 
[Little used.] 

MeAL'I-NESS, 71. The quality of being mealy ; softness 
m smoothness to the touch. 

MeAL'-MAN, n. A man that deals in meal. 

MeAL'-TIME, 71. The usual time of eating meals. 

MeAL'Y, a. 1. Having the qualities of meal ; soft ; smooth 
to the feel. 2. Like meal ; farinaceous ; soft, dry and 
friable. 3. Overspread with something that resembles 
meal. 

MeAL'Y-MOUTHED, a. Literally^ having a soft mouth ; 
hence, unwilling to tell the truth in plain language ; in- 
clined to speak of any thing in softer terms than the truth 
will warrant. 

MeAL'Y-MOUTH-ED-NESS, 71. Inclination to express the 
truth in soft words, or to disguise the plain fact ; reluc- 
^nce to tell the plain truth. 

Mean, a. [Sax. mane^ gemcene.] 1. Wanting dignity ; low 
in rank or birth. 2. Wanting dignity of mind ; low-mind- 
ed ; base ; destitute of honor ; spiritless. 3. Contempti- 
ble ; despicable. 4. Of little value ; low in worth or esti- 
mation ; worthy of little or no regar d. 5. Of little value ; 
humble ; poor. 

Mean, a. [Fr. moyen; Sp., Port, mediano ; h. medium.] 

1. Middle ; at an equal distance from the extremes. 2. 
intervening ; intermediate ; coming between. 

Mean, n. l. The middle point or place ; the middle rate 
or degree ; mediocrity ; medium. 2. Intervening time ; 
interval of time ; interim ; meantime. 3. Measure ; reg- 
ulation ; [o6s.] 4. Instrument ; that which is used to 
eftect an object ; the medium through which something is 
done. In this sense, means ^ in the plural, is generally 
used, and often with a definitive and verb in the singular. 
5. Means^ in the plural., income, revenue, resources, sub- 
stance or estate, considered as the instrument of effecting 
any purpose. 6. Instrument of action or performance. — 
By all meansj without fail. — By no means., not at all ; cer- 
tainly not ; not in any degree. — By no manner of means., 
by no means ; not the least. Burke. — By any mea-ns, pos- 
sibly ; at all. — Meantime., or meanwhile., in the intervening 
time ; [in this use of these words, there is an omission 
of in or in the ,* in the meantime.] 

Mean, 7?. t. ; pret. and pp. meant {po'onounced ment). 
[Sax. mwnan, menan.] 1. To have in the mind, view or 
contemplation ; to intend. 2. To intend ; to purpose ; to 
design, with reference to a future act. 3. To signify ; to 
indicate. 

MS AN, V. i. To have thought or ideas ; or to have meaning. 

ME-AN'1)ER, n. [the name of a winding river in Phrygia.] 

1. A winding course ; a winding or turning in a passage. 

2. A maze ; a labyrinth ; ^lerplexity. 

ME-AN'DER, v.t. To wind, turn or flow round ; to make 
flexuous. Drayton. 

ME-AN'DER, v. i. To wind or turn in a course or passage ; 
to be intricate. Shenstone. 

ME-AN'DER-ING, ppr. or a. Winding in a course, passage 
or current. 

ME-AN'DRI-AN, a. Winding ; having many turns. 


f MP- A V ) 

[tq i ^Yinding ; flexuous. Dean King. 

Meaning, ppr. Having in mind ; intending ; signifying. 

MeANTNG, 71. 1. q'hat which exists in tlie mind, view or 
contemplation as a settled aim or purpose, though not di- 
rectly expressed. 2. Intention; purpose; aim; with 
reference to a future act. 3. efignification. 4. 'I he sense 
of words or expressions ; that which is to be understood ; 
signification ; that which the writer or speaker intends. 

Sense ; power of thinking ; [little 7/sed.] 

MeAN'LY, adv. 1. Moderately. 2. W^itliout dignity or 
rank ; in a low condition. 3. Poorly. 4. VV'ithout great- 
ness or elevation of mind ; without honor ; with a low 
mind or narrow views. 5. W ithout respect ; disrespect- 
^lly. 

MeAxV'NESS, 71. 1. Want of dignity or rank; low stale. 

2. Want of excellence of any kind ; poorness ; rudeness. 

3. Lowness of mind; want of dignity and elevation; 
want of honor. 4. Sordidness ; niggardliness. 5. Want 
of richness ; poorness. 

MEANT, (ment) pret. and pp. of mean. 

MeAR. See Mere. 

MeASE, n. The quantity of 500 ; as, a mease of herrings. 

t MeA'SLE, (me^zl) n. A leper. Wickliffe. 

MeA'SLED, (me'zld) a. Infected or spotted with measles. 

t MeA'-SLED-NESS, 71. Diseased state of swine. Cotgrave. 

MeA'SLES, (me'zlez) n. with a plural termination. [D. 
mazclen.] 1. A contagious disease of the human body, 
usually characterized by an eruption of small red pf)ints or 
spots, from which it has its name. 2. A disease of swine. 

3. A disease of trees. 

MeA'SLY, (meez'ly) a. Infected with measles or eruptions. 

MEAS'U-RA-BLE, (mezh'u-ra-bl) a. 1 . That may be meas- 
ured ; susceptible of mensuration or computation. 2. 
Moderate ; in small quantity or extent. 

MEAS'U-RA-BLE-NESS, (mezh'u-ra-bl-nes) n. The quality 
of admitting mensuration. 

MEAS'U-RA-BLY, (mezh'u-ra-bly) adv. Moderately ; in a 
limited degree. 

MEAS'URE, (mezh'ur) n. [Fr. mesure ; It. misura.] 1. The 
whole extent or dimensions of a thing, including length, 
breadth and thickness. 2. That by which extent or di- 
mension is ascertained, either length, breadth, thickness, 
capacity, or amount. 3. A limited or definite quantity. 

4. Determined extent or length ; limit. 5. A rule by 
which any thing is adjusted or proportioned. 6. Propor- 
tion ; quantity settled. 7. Full or sufficient quantity. 8. 
Extent of power or office. 9. Portion allotted ; extent of 
ability. 10. Degree; quantity indefinite. — 11. In musicj 
that division by which the motion of music is regulated. 
— 12. In poetry, the measure or metre is the manner of 
ordering and combining the quantities^ or the long and 
short syllables. — 13. In dancing, the interval between 
steps, corresponding to the interval between notes in the 
music. — 14. In geometry, any quantity assumed as one or 
unity, to which the ratio of other homogeneous or similar 
quantities is expressed. 15. Means to an end ; an act, step 
or proceeding towards the accomplishment of an object. — 
Without measure, without limits ; very largely or copious- 
ly. — To have hard measure, to be harshly treated. 

MEAS'URE, V. i. To have a certain or limited extent. 

MEAS^URE, (mezh'ur) v. t. 1. To compute or ascertain 
extent, quantity, dimensions or capacity by a certain rule. 
2. To ascertain the degree of any thing. 3. To pass 
through or over. 4. To judge of distance, extent or quan- 
tity. 5. To adjust ; to proportion. 6. To allot or dis- 
tribute by measure. 

MEAS'URED, (mezh'urd) pp. 1. Computed or ascertained 
by a rule ; adjusted ; proportioned ; passed over. 2. a. 
Equal ; uniform ; steady. 3. Limited or restricted. 

MEAS'URE-LESS, (mezh'ur-les) a. Without measure ; un- 
limited ; immeasurable. Shak. 

MEAS'URE-MENT, (mezh'ur-ment) n. The act of measur- 
ing ; mensuration. Burke. 

MEAS'UR-ER, (mezh'ur-er) n. One who measures ; one 
whose occupation or duty is to measure enmmodities in 
market. 

MEAS'UR-ING, (mezh'ur-ing) ppr. 1. Computing or ascer- 
taining length, dimensions, capacity or amount. 2. a. 
A measuring cast, a throw or cast that requires to be 
measured. 

Meat, 71. [S>^x.m(Bte,mete.] 1. Food in general ; any tiling 
eaten for nourishment, either by man or beast. 2. The 
flesh of animals used as food. — 3. In Scripture, spiritual 
food. John vi. 4. Spiritual comfort. John iv. 5. Prod- 
ucts of the earth proper for food. Ilab. iii. 6. The more 
abstruse doctrines of the gospel. Heb. v. 7. Ceremonial 
ordinances. Heb. xiii^— To sit at meat, to sit or recline at 
the table. Scripture. 

t MeAT'ED, a. Fed ; fattened. Tusser. 

{MeATHE, 71. [W, mez.] Liquor or drink. Milton. 

MeAT'-OF-FER-ING, 71. An offering consisting of meat or 
food. 

MeAT'Y, a. Fleshy, but not fat. [Local.] Grose. 


See Sijnopsis. a, !•:, T, o, u, Y, long.— F All, FALL, WHAT ; — PRgY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete^ 


MED 


523 


MED 


ME AWL See Mewl. 

MeAZ'UNG, ppr. Falling in small drops j properly, miz- 
zlincTj or rather mistling, from mist. Arbuthnot. 

ME-GHAN'I€, or ME-€HAN'l-€AL, a. [L. mecfianicus ; 
Fr. mechanique.] 1. Pertaining to machines, or to the 
art of constructing machines ; pertaining to the art of 
making wares, goods, instruments, furniture, <Stc. 2. 
Constructed or performed by the rules or laws of mechan- 
ics. 3. Skilled in the art of making machines ; bred to 
manual labor. 4. Pertaining to artisans or mechanics 5 
vulgar. 5. Pertaining to the principles of mechan- 
ics, in philosophy . 6 . Acting by physical power. 

ME-CHAN'1€, n. 1. A person whose occupation is to con- 
struct machines, or goods, wares, instruments, furniture, 
and the like. 2. One skilled in a mechanical occupa- 
tion or art. 

ME-CHAN'I-€AL-LY, adv. 1 . According to the laws of 
mechanism, or good workmanship. 2. By physical force 
or power. 3. By the laws of motion, without intelligence 
or design, or by the force of habit. 

I ME-€HAN'I-CAL-iZE, v. t. To render mean and low. 
Cot grave. 

ME-OHANT-GAL-NESS, n. The state of being mechanical, 
or governed by mechanism. 

MEGH-A-NI' CIAN, n. One skilled in mechanics. 

ME-€HAN'ICS, n. That science which treats of the doc- 
trines of motion. A mathematical science which shows 
the effects of powers or moving forces, so far as they are 
applied to engines, and demonstrates the laws of motion. 
Harris. 

MEGH'A-NISM, n. 1. The construction of a machine, en- 
gine or instrument. 2. Action of a machine, according 
to the laws of mechanics. 

MEGH'A-NIST, n. The maker of machines, or one skilled 
in mechanics. 

MEGH'LIN, n. A species of lace, made at Mechlin. 

ME-GHo'A-GAN, n. White jalap, from Mechoacan. 

ME-Go'NI-ATE, n. A salt consisting of meconic acid and a 
base. 

ME-GON'IG, a. Meconic acid is an acid contained in opi- 
um. 

MEG 0-NITE, n. A small sandstone ; ammite. 

ME-Go'NI-UM, n. [Gr. /j/j/cwvtov.] 1 . The juice of the 
white poppy, which has the virtues of opium. 2, The 
first feces of infants. 

MED'AL, n. [Fr. medaille ; It. medaglia ; Sp. medalla.] An 
ancient coin, or a piece of metal in the form of a coin, 
stamped with some figure or device to preserve the portrait 
of some distinguished person, or the memory of an illus- 
trious action or event. 

ME-DAL'LIG, a. Pertaining to a medal or to medals. 

ME-DALL'IO>7, n. [Fr.] 1. A large antique stamp or 

medal. 2 . The representation of a medallion. 

MED'AL-LTST, n. A person that is skilled in medals. 

MED'DLE, V. i. [D. middclen.] 1. To have to do; to take 
part ; to interpose and act in the concerns of others, or in 
affairs in which one’s interposition is not necessary. 2 . 
To have to do ; to touch ; to handle. 

t MED'DLE, V. t. To mix ; to mingle. Spenser. 

MED'DLER, n. One that meddles ; an officious person ; a 
busy-body. Bacon. 

MED'DLE-SoME, a. Given to meddling ; apt to interpose 
in the affairs of others ; officiously intrusive. 

MED'DLE-SoME-NESS, n. Officious interposition in the 
affairs of others. Barroic. 

MED'DLTNG, ppr. 1. Having to do; touching; handling; 
officiously interposing in other men’s concerns. 2. a. Of- 
ficious ; busy in other men’s affairs. 

MED'E-CIN, n. A physician. 

Me'DI-AL, a. [L. mediiLs.^ Mean ; noting a mean or aver- 
age. — Medial alligation is a method of finding the mean 
rate or value of a mixture consisting of two or more in- 
gredients of different quantities and values. 

Me'DI-ANT, 71. In music, an appellation given to the third 
above the key-note. Busby. 

ME-DI-AS'TINE, 7 i. [Fr. ; L. mediastinum.'] The fimbriated 
body about which the guts are convolved. Arbuthnot. 
k'DI-ATE, a. [¥r. mediat.] 1. Middle ; being between 
the two extremes. 2. Interposed ; intervening ; being 
between two objects. 3. Acting by means, or by an inter- 
vening cause or instrument. 

Me DI-ATE, V. i. I. To interpose between parties, as the 
equal friend of each ; to act indifferently between contend- 
ing parties, with a view to reconciliation ; to intercede. 

2 . To be between two ; [little used.] 

Me'DI-ATE, V. t. 1. To effect by mediation or interposition 
between parties. 2. To limit by something in the middle ; 
[065.] 

Me'DI-ATE-LY, adv. By means or by a secondary cause, 
.acting between the first cause and the effect. 

ME-DI-a'TION, n. [Fr.J 1. Interposition ; intervention ; 
agency between parties at variance, with a view to recon- 
cile them 2. Agency interposed ; intervenient power. 

3. Intercession ; entreaty for another. 


♦ See Synopsis. M(")VE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BljEL, UNITE. — 


ME-DI-a^TOR, 77 . [Fr. rnediateur.] 1 . One that interposes 
between parties at variance for the purpose of reconciling 
them. — 2. By way of eminence, Christ is the mediator. 
“ Christ is a mediator by nature, as partaking of both 
natures, divine and human ; and mediator by office, as 
transacting matters between God and man.” fVaterland. 

ME-DI-A-To'RI-AL, a. Belonging to a mediator. [Medi- 
atory is not used.] 

ME-DI-a'TOR-SHIP, 71. The office of a mediator. 

ME-DI-A'TR^i I ^ female mediator. Ainsicoi'th. 

MED'IG, 71. A plant of the genus medicago. 

MED'I-GA-BLE, a. That may be cured or healed. 

MED'I-GAL, a. [L. medicus.] 1. Pertaining to the art of 
healing diseases. 2. Medicinal ; containing that which 
heals ; tending to cure. 

MED'I-GAL-LY, adv. In the manner of medicine ; accord- 
ing to the rules of the healing art, or for the purpose of 
healing. 2. In relation to the healing art. 

MED'I-GA-MENT, n. [Fr.; L. mcdicamentum.] Any thing 
used for healing diseases or wounds ; a medicine ; a heal- 
ing application. 

MED-I-GA-MENT'AL, a. Relating to healing applications ; 
having the qualities of medicaments. 

MED-I-GA-MENT'AL-LY, adv. After the manner of heal- 
ing applications. 

MED'I-GAS-TER, 71. A quack. Whitlock. 

MED'I-GATE, v. t. [L. med'ico.] To tincture or impregnate 
with any thing medicinal. 

MEDT-GA-TED, pp. Prepared or furnished with any thing 
medicinal. 

MED'I-GA-TING, ppr. Impregnating with medical sub- 
stances ; preparing with any thing medicinal. 

MED-I-Ga'TION, 71. 1. The act or process of impregnating 
with medicinal substances ; the infusion of medicinal vir- 
tues. 2. The use of medicine. 

ME-DICT-NA-BLE, a. Having the properties of medicine ; 
medicinal. Bacon. 

* ME-DICT-NAL, a. [L. medicinalis.] 1. Having the prop- 
erty of healing or of mitigating disease ; adapted to the 
cure or alleviation of bodily disorders. 2. Pertaining to 
medicine. 

ME-DICT-NAL-LY, adv. 1. In the manner of medicine; 
with medicinal qualities. 2. With a view to healing. 

* MED'I-GiNE, 71. 7nedicina. Vulgarly and improperly 
pronounced med‘s7i.] 1. Any substance, liquid or solid, 
that has the property of curing or mitigating disease in 
animals, or that is used for that purpose. 2. The art of 
preventing, curing or alleviating the diseases of the 
human body. 3. In the French sense, a physician ; [obs.] 

t MED'I-GiNE, V. t. To affect or operate on as medi- 
cine. 

ME-Dl'E-TY, 7J. [Fr. medicte ; L. medietas.] The middle 
^ate or part ; half ; moiety. [Little used.] Brown. 

Me'DIN, n. A small coin. 

ME-DI-o'GRAL, a. [L.mediocris.] Being of a middle qual- 
ity ; indifferent; ordinary. [Rare.] Addison. 

ME-DI-O-GRE', (me-de-okP) a. [Fr., from L. 7nediocris.] Of 
moderate degree ; middle rate ; middling. 

t Me'DI-O-GRIST, n. A person of middling abilities. 

ivIE-DI-OG'RI-TY, ri. [L. mediocritas.] 1. A middle state 
or degree ; a moderate degree or rate. 2. Moderation ; 
temperance. 

MED'I-TATE, v. i. [L. meditor ; Fr. mediter.] 1. To dwell 
on any thing in thought ; to contemplate ; to study ; to turn 
or revolve any subject in the mind. 2 . To intend ; to 
have in contemplation. Washington. 

MED'l-TATE, v. t. 1. To plan by revolving in the mind ; 
to contrive ; to intend. 2. To think on ; to revolve. 

MED'I-TA-TED, pp. Planned ; contrived. 

MED'I-TA-TING, ppr. Revolving in the mind ; contem- 
plating ; contriving. 

MED-I-Ta'TION, 71. [L. meditatio.] Close or continued 
thought ; the turning or revolving of a subject in the 
mind ; serious contemplation. 

MED'I-TA-TiVE, a. 1. Addicted to meditation. Ahis- 
worth. 2. Expressing meditation or design. Johnson. 

t MED I-TER-RaNE', ) a. [L. 7nedius and terra.] 1. 

MED-I-TER-Ra'NE-AN, > Inclosed, or nearly inclosed, 

MED-I-TER-Ra'NE-OUS, ) with land. 2. Inland ; re- 
mote from the ocean or sea. 

Me'DI-UM, 71. j plu. Mediums ; media not being generally, 
though sometimes used. [L.] 1. In philosophy, the space or 
substance through which a body moves or passes to any 
point. — 2. In logic, the mean or middle term of a syllogism, 
or the middle term in an argument. — 3. Arithmetical medi- 
7 tm, that which is equally distant from each extreme. — 4. 
Geometrical 7 nedium is that wherein the same ratio is pre- 
served between the first and second terms, as between the 
second and third. Encyc. 5. The means or instrument by 
which any thing is accomplished, conveyed or carried 
on. 6 . The middle place or degree ; the mean. 7. A 
kind of printing paper of middle size. 

MED'LAR, 71 . [L. mespilus.] A tree and its fruit. 


as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


MEI 


524 


MEL 


t v’ i V‘ f- To lilix : not u^uL but hence, 

t MED'L y , ) ^ ’ ’ 

MED'LEY, 71. A mixture j a mingled and confused mass of 
ingredients. Addison. 

MEIJ'LEY, a. Mingled j confused. [^Little Dryden. 

ME-DUL'LAR, ) a. [Ij.me.dullQris.l Pertaining to mar- 
»MED'UL-LA-RY, ] row j consisting of marrow j resem- 
bling marrow. 

ME-Dt^L'LIN, n. [L. medulla.] The pith of the sunflower, 
which has neither taste nor smell. 

MEED, n. [Sax. mcd.] 1. Reward ; recompense ; that which 
is bestowed or rendered in consideration of merit. 2. A 
gift or present ; [o/7s.] 

MEEK, a. [Sw. mmk ; Dan. 7uyff ; Sp. mego ; Port, mei^o.] 

1. Mild of temper; soft; gentle; not easily provoked or 
irritated ; yielding ; given to forbearance under injuries. 

2. Humble, in an evangelical sense ; submissive to the 
divine will ; not proud, self-sufficient or refractory. 

fMEEK, V. t. [Su. Goth.7?ioeA:a.] To humble. Wickliffe. 
MEEK'EN, (me'kn) v.t. To make meek; to soften; to 
render mild. Thomson, 

MEEK'LY, adv. Mildly ; gently ; submissively ; humbly ; 

not proudly or roughly. Spenser. 

MEEK'NESS, 71. 1. Softness of temper; mildness; gentle- 
ness ; forbearance under injuries and provocations. — 2. In 
an evangelical sense, Immility ; resignation ; submission 
to the divine will, without murmuring or peevishness. 
MEER, a. Simple ; unmixed ; usually written mere. 

MEER, n. A lake ; a boundary. See Mere. 

MEERED, a. Relating to a boundary. [SficMERE.] Shak. 
MEER'SCHAUM, n. [G. sea-foam.] Ahydrate of magnesia 
combined with silex. 

MEET, a. [Sax. ^emet.] Fit; suitable; proper; qualified; 

convenient ; adapted, as to a use or purpose. 

MEET, V. t. ; pret. and pp. met. [Sax. metan, mcetan, geme- 
tan.] 1. To come together, approaching in opposite or 
different directions ; to come face to face. 2. To come 
together in any place. 3. To come together in hostility; 
to encounter. 4. To encounter unexpectedly. 5. To 
come together in extension ; to come in contact ; to join. 
6. To come to ; to find ; to light on ; to receive. 

MEET, V. i. 1. To come together or to approach near, or 
into company with. 2. To come together in hostility ; to 
encounter. 3. To assemble ; to congregate. 4. To come 
together by being extended ; to come in contact ; to join. 
— To meet loith. 1. To light on ; to find ; to come to ; often 
with the sense of an unexpected event. 2. To join; to 
unite in company. 3. To suffer unexpectedly. 4. To 
encounter ; to engage in o})position. 5. To obviate ; a 
Latmism. — To meet half way, to approach from equal 
distances and meet : metaphorically, to make mutual and 
equal concessions, each party renouncing some preten- 
sions. 

MEET'ER, 7t. One that meets another ; one that accosts 
another. Shak. 

MEETING, ppr. Coming together ; encountering ; joining ; 
assembling. 

MEETTNG, n. 1. A coming together; an interview. 2. 
An assembly ; a congregation ; a collection of people ; a 
convention. 3. A conflux, as of rivers ; a joining, as of 
lines. 

MEETTNG-HOtJSE, n. A place of worship; a church. 
MEET'LY, adv. Fitly ; suitably ; properly. 

MEET'NESS, n. Fitness ; suitableness ; propriety. 
MEG'A-COSM, n. [Gr. ptyas and A,o(7jWoj.] The great 
w'orld. 

MEG-A-LON'YX, n. [Gr. ptya\y and ovv^.] An animal 
now extinct, whose bones Iiave been found in Virginia, 
f MEG-A-LOP'O-LIS, n. [Gr. ptyaXy and ttoAij.] A chief 
city ; a metropolis. Herbert. 

MEG-A-THe'RI-UM, \ 71. [Gr. ptyag and Onpa.] A quad- 
ME-GATH'E-RY, ) ruped now’ extinct. 

Me'GRIM, 77.. [Fr. migraine.] A disorder of the head ; ver- 
tigo. Bacon. 

t MeINE, t’. t. [Sax. 77icn^a7i.] To mingle. Chaucer. 
IMeINE, or f Me'NY, n. A retinue or family of servants ; 
domestics. Shak. 

MEFO-NITE, n. Prismato-pyramidical feldspar. 

MEI-o'SIS, 77. [Gr. uEiuxTig.] Diminution ; a rhetorical 
figure, a species of hyperbole, representing a thing less 
than it is. Beattie. 

MEL'AM-PODE, 77. [Gr. fieXapnoSiov.] The black helle- 
bore. Spenser. 

ME-LAN'A-GOGUE, (me-lan'a-gog) ?7. [Gr. pe\ag, peXavog 
and ayu).] A medicine supposed to expel black bile or 
choler. [OZ<Z.j 

IMEL-AN-CHo'LI-AN, 77. The same with melancholic. 
MEIj'AN-€HOL-IG, a. 1. Depressed in spirits; affected 
with gloom; dejected; hypochondriac. 2. Produced by 
melancholy ; expressive of melancholy ; mournful. 3. 
Unhappy ; unfortunate ; causing sorrow. 
MEL'AN-CnOL-I€, n. J. One affected with a gloomy 


state of mind; [melancholian. In a like sense, is not 
used.] 2. A gloomy state of mind. 
MEL'AN-GHOL^I-LY, adv. With melancholy. Keepe, 
MEL' AN-GHOL-I -NESS, n. State of being melancholy j 
disposition to indulge gloominess of mind, 
t MEL-AN-€HO'LI-OUS, a. Gloomy. Goiver. 
MEL'AN-CHOL-IST, n. One affected w'ith melancholy. 
MEL'AN-CHO-LiZE, v. i. To become gloomy in mind, 
t MEL'AN-€HO-LIZE, v. t. To make melancholy. JJore. 
MEL'AN-€H0L-Y, 77. [Gr. yeXav and 5 L. melaiicho- 
lia.] A gloomy state of nund, often k gloomy state that 
is of some continuance, or habitual ; depression of spirits 
induced by grief; dejection of spirits. 

MEL'AN-GHOL-Y^, a. 1. Gloomy; depressed in spirits; 
dejected. 2. Dismal ; gloomy ; habitually dejected. 3. 
Calamitous ; afflictive ; that may or does produce great 
evil and grief. 

ME-LANGE', (me-lanje') n. [Fr.] A mixture.] A'ot Eng- 
lish.] 

MEL'A-NITE, n. [Gr. /^rAaj.] A mineral. 

MEL-A-NIT'IC, a. Pertaining to melanite. 
MEL'AN-TER-I, 77. [Gr. /^eXaT'.] Salt of iron. 
MEL'A-NURE, i . „ ^ ^ ^ 

MEL-A-Nu'RUS \ fish of the Mediterranean. 

MELT-LOT, 77. [Fr.] A plant of the genus trifolium. 
•^MeLTO-RATE, (meel'yo-rate) v. t. [Fr. ameliorer ; It. 

migliorare.] To make better ; to improve. 
*MeLTO-RATE, (meePyo-rate) v. i. To grow better. 

* MeLTO-RA-TED, (meel'yo-ra-ted) pp. Made better ; im- 
proved. 

* MeLTO-RA-TING, (meePyo-ra-ting) ppr. Improving; 
adjancing in good qualities. 

* MeL-I0-Ra'T 10N, (meel-yo-ra'shun) 77 . The act or oper- 
ation of making better ; improvement. 

t MeL-IORT-TY, 77. The state of being better. Bacon. 
t MELL, V. 7. [Fr. m^ler.] To mix ; to meddle. Spenser, 
MELL, 77. [L. mel.] Honey. [JYot English.] 

MEL'LATL, 7t. [L. mel.] A combination of the mellitic 
acid with a base. 

MEL-LIF'ER-OUS, fl. [L. 777eZ and/cro.] Producing honey. 
MEL-LI-FI-CA'TION, 77. [L. meilijico.] The making or 
production of honey. 

MEL-LIF'LU-ENCE, 77. [L. 7?ieZand^77o.] A flow of sweet- 
ness, or a sweet, smooth flow. Watts. 
MEL-LIF'LU-ENT, f a. Flowing with honey; smooth; 
MEL-LIF'LU-OUS, i sweetly flowing. 

MEL'IilT, 77. In/QT-T’ier?/, adry scab on the heel of a horse’s 
fore foot, cured by a mixture of honey and vinegar. 
MEL'LITE, 77. [L. 777cZ.] Honey-stone, a mineral. 
MEL-LTTTC, a. Pertaining to honey-stone. 

MEL'LoW , a. [Sax. melewe ; G. inehl.] 1. Soft with ripe- 
ness ; easily yielding to pressure. 2. Soft to the ear. 3. 
Soft ; well pulverized ; not indurated or compact. 4. Soft 
and smooth to the taste. 5. Soft with liquor ; intoxicated ; 
merry. 6. Soft or easy to the eye. 

MEL'L5W, V. t. 1. To ripen ; to bring to maturity ; to 
soften by ripeness or age. 2. To soften ; to pulverize. 3. 
To mature ; to bring to perfection. 

MEL'LoW, V. i. To become soft ; to be ripened, matured or 
brought to perfection. 

MEL'LoW-NESS, 77. 1. Softness ; the quality of yielding 
easily to pressure ; ripeness, as of fruit. 2. Maturity ; 
softness or smoothness from age, as of wTne. 
MEL'LoW-Y,_a. Soft; unctuous. Drayton. 
MEL-O-CO-ToNE', 77. [Sp. melocoton.] A quince. But 
the name is sometimes given to a large kind of peach. 
ME-Lo'DI-OUS, a. Containing melody ; musical ; agreea- 
ble to the ear by a sw'eet succession of sounds. 

* ME-Lo'DI-OUS-LY, adv. In a melodious manner. 

* ME-Lo'DI-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being agreeable 
to the ear by a sw^eet succession of sounds; musicalness. 

MEL'0-DlZE, V. t. To make melodious. 

MEL'O-DRAME, 77. [Gr. piXog, and drama.] A dramatic 
performance in which songs are intermixed. 

MEL'O-DY, 77. [Gr. [xe\u)Sia.] An agreeable succession of 
sounds; a succession of sounds so regulated and modu- 
lated as to please the ear. Melody difters from harmemy, 
as it consists in the agreeable succession and modulation 
of so7inds by a single voice ; W’hereas harmony consists in 
the accordance of different voices or sounds. 

MEL'ON, 77. [Fr. ; L. melo ; Sp. 777eZo77.] Tiie name of cer- 
tain plants and their fruit. 

MEL'ON-THIS-TLE, n. A plant of the genus cactus. 
MEL'ROSE, 77. [L. mel, and rose.] Honey of roses. 

MELT, v.t. [^HK. meltan ; Gr. ; D. syneltev.] 1. 

To dissolve ; to make liquid ; to liquefy ; to reduce from a 
solid to a liquid or flowing state by heat. 2. To dissolve ; 
to reduce to first principles. 3. To soften to love or ten- 
derness. 4. To waste aw’ay ; to dissipate. 5. To dis- 
hearten. Josh. xiv. 

MELT, V. i. I. To become liquid; to dissolve; to l)€ 
changed from a fixed or solid to a flowing state. 2. To 
be softened to love, pity, tenderness or sympathy ; to be- 


Sec Synopsis, a, V:, T, f), V, /o77£-.— FA R, FALL, WHAT PR^Y ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


MEN 


525 


MEN 


come tender, mild or gentle. Shaft. 3. To be dissolved ; 
to lose substance. 4. To be subdued by affliction ; to sink 
into weakness. 5. To faint 3 to be discouraged or dis- 
heartened. 

MELT'ED, pjf. Dissolved j made liquid 3 softened 3 discour- 
aged. 

MELT'ER, 71. One that irelts any thing. Derhavi. 

MELT'ING, ppr. 1. Dissolving ; liquefying 3 softening 3 
discouraging. 2. a. Tending to soften 3 softening into 
tenderness. 

MELT'ING, n. The act of softening 3 the act of rendering 
tender. South. 

MELT'ING-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to melt or soften. 2. 
Like something melting. Sidney. 

MELT'ING-NESS, n. The power of melting or softening. 

MEL'WEL, n. A tish. 

MEM'BER, 7 i. [Fr. membre ; h. membrum.] 1. A limb of 
animal bodies. 2. A part of a discourse, or of a period or 
sentence 5 a clause 3 a part of a verse. — 3. In architccturey 
a subordinate part of a building, as a frieze or cornice 3 
sometimes a molding. 4. An individual of a community 
or society. 5. The appetites and passions, considered 
as tempting to sin. Rom. vii. 

MEM'BERED, a. Having limbs. 

MEM'BER-SHIP, 71. 1. The state of being a member. 2. 
Community 5 society. Beaumont. 

MEM'BRANE, 7 t. fFr .3 L. membrana.l In anatomy^ a thin, 
white, flexible skin, formed by fibres interwoven like 
net-work, and serving to cover some part of the body. 

MEM-BRa'NE-OUS, MEM'BRA-NOUS, or MEM-BRA- 
Na'CEOUS, a. 1. Belonging to a membrane 3 consisting 
of membranes. — 2 . In botany, a membranaceous leaf has 
no distinguishable pulp between the two surfaces. 

MEM-BRa'NI-FORM, a. Having the form of a membrane 
or of parchment. 

ME-MENT'O, n. [L.] A hint, suggestion, notice or memo- 
rial to awaken memory ; that wliich reminds, 

* MEM OIR, (me-moir', or mem'wor) n. [Fr. memoire.'] 1. 
A species of history written by a person who had some 
share in the transactions related. 2. A history of trans- 
actions in which some person had a principal share, is 
called his memoirs, though compiled or written by a dif- 
ferent hand. 3. The history of a society, or the journals 
and proceedings of a society. 4. A written account 3 reg- 
istcr of* 

MEM'O-RA-BLE, a. [Fy.‘,1j. memorahilis.] Worthy to be 
remembered ; illustrious ; celebrated 3 distinguished. 

MEM'O-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner worthy to be remem- 
bered. 

MEM-O-RAN'DUJI, n.; plu. Memorandums, or Memo- 
randa. [L.l A note to help the memory. 

f MEM'O-RATE, v. t. [L. meinoro.] To make mention of a 
thing. 

MEM'O-RA-TIVE, a. Adapted or tending to preserve the 
memory of any thing. Hammond. 

ME-Mo'RI-AL, a. [Fr.; L. memurialis.'] L Preservative 
of memory. 2. Contained in memory. Watts. 

ME-Mo'RI-AL, 71. 1. That which preserves the memory 
of something ; any thing that serves to keep in memory. 
2. Any note or hint to assist tlie memory. 3. A written 
representation of facts, made to a legislative or other 
body as the ground of a petition, or a representation of 
facts accompanied with a petition. 

ME-Mo'RI-AL-IST, 71. I. One who writes a memorial. 2. 
One who presents a memorial to a legislative or any other 
body, or to a person. United States. 

ME-Mo'RI-AL-IZE, v. t. To present a memorial 3 to peti- 
tion by memorial. United States. 

t MEM 0-RIST, n. One who causes to be remembered. 

MEM'O-RIZE, V. t. 1. To record ; to commit to memory by 
writing. 2. To cause to be remembered. 

MEM'O-RY, 71. [L. memorial Fr. memoire.'] L The fac- 
ulty of the mind by which it retains the knowledge of 
past events, or ideas which are past. A distinction is 
mads between memory and recollection. Memory retains 
past ideas without any, or with little effort 3 recollection 
implies an effort to recall ideas that are past. 2. A re- 
taining of past ideas in the mind; remembrance. 3. Ex- 
emption from oblivion. 4. Tiie time within which past 
events can be remembered or recollected, or the time 
witliin which a person may have knowledge of what is 
past. 5. Memorial 3 monumental record 3 that which 
calls to remembrance. G. Reflection 3 attention. 

■f MEM'O-RY, V. t. To lay up in the mind or memory. 

MEMPH'I-AN, a. [from Memphis.] Pertaining to Memphis 3 
very dark. 

MEN, pin. of man. 1. Two or more males, individuals of 
the human race. 2. Males of bravery. 3. Persons; peo- 
ple ; mankind ; in an indefinite sense. 

MEN'ACE, r. t. [Fr. menacer.] 1. 3’o threaten ; to express 
or sliow a disposition or determination to inflict punish- 
ment or other evil. 2. To show or manifest the probabil- 
ity of future evil or danger to. 3. To exhibit the appear- 
ance of any catastrophe to come. 


MEN'ACE, H. L A threat or threatening ; the declaration 
or show of a disposition or determination to inflict an 
evil. 2. The show of a probable evil or catastrophe to come 

MEN' AGED, pp. Threatened. 

MEN'A-CER, 71. One that threatens. 

MEN'A-CHA-NITE, ?i. An oxyd of titanium, a mineral. 

MEN-A-€HA-NIT'1C, a. Pertaining to menachanite. 

MEN'A-CING, ppr. 1 . Threatening ; declaring a determi- 
nation to inflict evil. 2. a. Exhibiting the danger or prob- 
ability of an evil to come. 

MEN-AOE', (men-izhe') n. [Fr.] A collection of brute an- 
imals. 

* MEN-AG'ER-Y, (men-’dzh'er-e.) 71. [Fr. meiiagerle.] A 
yard or place in which wild animals are kept, or a col- 
lection of wild animals. 


MEN'A-GOGUE, (men'a-gog) 7i. [Gr. prjve^ and ayw.] A 
medicine that promotes the menstrual flux. 

MEN'ALD, i n. A term applied to deer whose skins are 

MEN'ILD, ) beautifully variegated. 

MEND, V. t. [L. emendo ,• Fr. amende^ .] 1. To repair, as a 

breach 3 to supply a part broken or defective. 2. To cor- 
rect 3 to set right 3 to alter for the belter. 3. To repair ; 
to restore to a sound stale. 4. To help 3 to advance 3 to 
make better. 5. To improve 3 to hasten. 

MEND, V. i. To grow better 3 to advance to a better state 3 
to improve. 

MEND'A-BLE, a. Capable of being mended. 

MEN-Da'CIOUS, a. [L. mendax.] Lying; false. [L. u.] 

MEN-DAC'I-TY, 71. iVlsehood. Broicn. 

MEND'ED, pp. Repaired 3 made better ; improved. 

MEND'ER, n. One who mends or repairs. 

MEND'I-€AN-CY, a. [L. viendicans.] Beggary 3 a state of 
begging. 

MEND'I-€ANT, a. [L. mendicatis.] 1. Begging 3 poor to 
a state of beggary. 2. Practicing beggary. 

MEND'I-€ANT, n. A beggar ; one that makes it his busi- 
ness to beg alms 3 one of the begging fraternity of the 
Romish church. 

t MEND'1-€ATE, V. t. To beg, or practice begging. 

MEN-DIC'I-TY, 77 . [L. The state of begging ; 

the life of a beggar. 

t MEND'MENT, for amendment. 

t MENDS, for amends. Shaft. 

MExN-Ha'DEN, 71. A species of fish. 

Me'NI-AL, a. [Norm, mcignal, meynal.] 1. Pertaining to 
servants, or domestic servants 3 low 3 mean. Sicift. 2. 
Belonging to the retinue or train of servants. 

Me'NI-AL, n. A domestic servant. 

MEN'I-LITE, n. A mineral substance. 

ME-NIN'OES, 71. ^Gy. peviyyog.] The two membranes that 
envelop the brain, which are called the pia mate?-, and 
dwra mater. 


ME-NIS'GUS, n.; plu. Meniscuses. [Gr. pyvicKog.] A lens 
convex on one side, and concave on the other. 

MEN-I-SPERM'ATE, 7 i. A compound of menispermic acid 
and a salifiable base. 

MEN-I-SPERM'IC, a. The menispermic acid is obtained 
from the seeds of the menispermum cocculns. 

MEN'I-VER, 71. A small white animal in Russia, or its fur, 
which is very fine. Chaucer. 

ME-NOL'O-GY, 71. [Gy. unv, pyvog and Xoyo?.] 1. A regis- 
ter of months. — 2. In the Greek church, martyrology, or a 
brief calendar of the lives of the saints. 

MEN'oW, 77 . [Fr. 777 67777.] A Small fish, the minnow. 

MEN'PLeAS-ER, 77 . One who is solicitous to please men, 
rather than to please God. 

MEN'SAL, a. [L. mensalis.] Belonging to the table ; trans- 
acted at table. [Little used.'] Clarissa. 

fMENSE, 77 . [Sax. 7/7C777765C.J Propriety; decency 3 man- 
ners. 

t MENSE'FUL, a. Graceful 3 mannerly. 

t MENSE'LESS, a. Without civility 3 void of decency or 
propriety. 

MEN'STRU-AL, a. [Fr.; L. menstmalis.] 1 . Monthly ; 
happening once a month. 2 . Lasting a month. 3. Per- 
taining to a menstruum. 

MEN'STRU-ANT, a. Subject to monthl)^ flowings. 

MEN'STlltT-OUS, a. [L. menstruus.] 1. Having the 
monthly flow or discharge, as a female. 2. Pertaining 
to the monthly flow of females. 

MEN'STRU-UM, n.j plu. Menstruums. [from L. niensis.] 
A dissolvent or solvent ; any fluid or subtilized substance 
which dissolves a solid body. 

* MEN-SU-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. Capacity of being measured. 

*MEN'SU-RA-BLE, a. [L. niensura.] Measurable 3 capable 

of being measured. Holder. 

* MEN'SU-RAL, a. Pertaining to measure. 

* MEN'SU-RATE, v. t. [L. mensura.] To measure. [L.u.] 

'f' MEN-SU-R a'TION, 77 . 1 . The act, process or art of meas- 
uring or taking the dimensions of any thing. 2. Meas- 
ure ; the result of measuring. 

MEN'TAL, a. [It. mentale / Fr. mental.] Pertaining to the 
mind 3 intellectual, .dddison. 


* See ^yuop? is. MOVE, B9QX, DOVE BCI.L, DNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J 3 S as Z 3 CH aa SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


MER 


526 


MER 


MEX'TAL-LYjflrfci. Intellectually j in the mind j in thought 
or meditation ; in idea. Bentley. 

MEN'TION, 71. [Fr.; h. mentio.] A hint; a suggestion ; a 
brief notice or remark expressed in words or writing. 
MEN'TION, V. t. [Fr. mentionner.] To speak ; to name ; 
to utter a brief remark ; to state a particular fact, or to 
express it in writing. It is applied to something thrown 
in or added incidentally in a discourse or writing, and 
thus differs from the sense of relate^ recite and narrate. 
MEN'TIONED, pp. Named; stated. 

MEN'TION-ING, ppr. Naming ; uttering. 
MEN-To'RI-AL, a. [Mentor.] Containing advice. 
ME-PHITTC, I [L. mephitis.] Offensive to the smell ; 
ME-PHITT-CAL, j foul ; poisonous ; noxious ; pestilen- 
tial ; destructive to life. — Mephitic acid is carbonic acid. 
MEPHT-TIS, I n. Foul, offensive or noxious exhalations 
MEPII'I-TISM, ) from dissolving substances, filth or other 
source ; also, carbonic acid gas. 
t ME-Ra'CJOUS, a. [L. meracus.] Strong ; racy, 
t MER'CA-BLE, a. [L. 7nercor.] To be sold or bought. 

I MER-CAN-TANTE', n. [It. mercatante.] A foreign trad- 
er. Shak. 

MER'€AN-TILE, a. [It. and Fr.; L. mercans.] 1. Trad- 
ing ; commercial ; carrying on commerce. 2. Pertaining 
or relating to commerce or trade, 
f MER'GAT, n. [^L. mercatus.] Market ; trade. Sprat. 

I MER'GA-TURE, n. [L. mercatura.] The practice of buy- 
ing and selling. 

MEK'CE-NA-RI-LY, adv. In a mercenary manner. 
MER'CE-NA-RI-NESS, n. Venality ; regard to hire or re- 
ward. Boyle. 

MER'CE-NA-RY, a. [Fr. mercenaire ; L. mercenarius .] 1. 

Venal ; that may be hired ; actuated by the hope of re- 
ward ; moved by the love of money. 2. Hired ; purchas- 
ed by money. 3. Sold for money. 4. Greedy of gain ; 
mean ; selfish. 5. Contracted from motives of gain. 

MER CE-NA-RY, n. One who is hired ; a soldier that is 
hired into foreign service ; a hireling. 

MER'CER, 71. [Fr. ?nercier.] One who deals in silks. 
Hoicel. 

MER’CER-SHIP, n. The business of a mercer. 
SIER'CER-Y, 71. [Fr. mercerie.] The commodities or goods 
in which a mercer deals ; trade of mercers, 
t MER CHAND, v. i. [Fr. marchander.] To trade. Bacon. 
t MER'CHAN-DA-BLE, a. That may be transacted by 
traffick. 

MER'CHAN-DISE, 71. [Fr.] 1. The objects of commerce ; 
wares, goods, commodities, whatever is usually bought or 
sold in trade. 2. Trade; traffick; commerce. 
MER'CHAN-DlSE, v. i. To trade ; to carry on commerce, 
t ]MER'CHAN-DRY, n. Trade ; commerce. Saunderson. 
MER'CHANT, n. [Fr. marchand ; It. inercante ; Sp. mer- 
chante.] 1. A man who trafficks or carries on trade with 
foreign countries, or who exports and imports goods and 
sells them by wholesale. — 2. In popular usage, any trad- 
er, or one who deals in the purchase and sale of goods. 
3. A ship in trade ; [o&s.] 
t MERCHANT, v. i. To trade. 

MERCHANT-A-BLE, a. Fit for market ; such as is usu- 
ally sold in market, or such as will bring the ordinary 
price. 


MERCHANT-LTKE, 

MERCHANT-LY, 


a. Like a merchant. 


MERCHANT-MAN, n. A ship or vessel employed in the 
transportation of goods, as distinguished from a ship of war. 

t MERCIA-BLE, a. Merciful, dower. 

MERCI-FIJL, a. 1. Having or exercising mercy; compas- 
sionate ; tender ; disposed to pity offenders, and to for- 
give their offenses ; unwilling to punish for injuries. 2. 
Compassionate ; tender ; unwilling to give pain ; not 
cruel. 

MERCI-FUL-LY, adv. With compassion or pity ; tender- 
ly ; mildly. 

MERCI-I UL-NESS, n. Tenderness towards offenders ; 
willingness to forbear punishment ; readiness to forgive. 

f IMERCI-Fy, V. t. To pity. Spenser. 

MERCI-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of mercy ; unfeeling ; piti- 
less ; hard-hearted ; cruel. 2. Not sparing. 

MERCI-LESS-LY, ado. In a manner void of mercy ; cru- 
elly. 


MERCI-LESS-NESS, n. Want of mercy or pity. 
MRR-€u'RI-AL, a. [L. viercurialis.] 1. Formed under the 
influence of Mercury ; active ; sprightly ; full of fire or 
vigor. Swift. 2. Pertaining to quicksilver; containing 
quicksilver, or consisting of mercury. ° 

MER-€u'RI-AL-IS3’, n. One under the influence of Mer- 
cury, or one resembling Mercury in variety of character, 
f MER-€u'RI-AL-TZE, v. i. To be humorous, new-fangled, 
flintastical ; to prattle overmuch. Cotcrrave. ° ’ 

MER-€u'RT-ATE, 7f. A combination of the oxyd of mercu- 
ry witli another substance. 

MER-€u'RI€ AC'ID, 71. Asaturated combination of mercury 
and oxygen. 


MER-GU-RI-FI-Ca'TION, 71. 1. In onetallurgic chemistry, 


the process of obtaining the mercury from metallic mine- 
rals in its fluid form. 2. The act of mixing with quick- 
silver. 

MER-CU'RI-FY, V. t. To obtain mercury from metallic 
minerals. Encyc. 

MER'GU-RY, n. [L. Mercurvns.] 1. Quicksilver, a metal 
remarkable for its fusibility. 2. Heat of constitutional 
temperament ; spirit ; sprightly qualities. 3. A genus of 
plants. 4. One of the planets nearest the sun. 5. The 
name of a newspaper or periodical publication. 

MER'CU-RY, V. t. To wash with a preparation of mercury. 
B. Jons on. 

MER'€U-RY’S FIN'GER, n. Wild saffron. 

MER'CY, 71. [Fr. merci.] 1. That benevolence, mildness 
or tenderness of heart, which disposes a person to overlook 
injuries, or to treat an offender better than he deserves. 
There is, perhaps, no word in our language precisely sy- 
nonymous with mercy. That which comes nearest to it 
is grace. It implies benevolence, tenderness, mildness, 
pity or compassion, and clemency, but exercised only to- 
wards offenders. 2. An act or exercise of mercy or favor. 
3. Pity ; compassion manifested towards a person in dis- 
tress. 4. Clemency and bounty. 5. Charity, or the du- 
ties of charity and benevolence. 6. Grace ; favor. 1 Cor. vii. 
7. Eternal life, the fruit of mercy. 2 Tim. i. 8. Pardon. 9. 
The act of sparing, or the forbearance of a violent act ex- 
pected. — To be or to lie at the mercy of, to have no means 
of self-deffinse. 

MER'CY-SeAT, 71. The propitiatory ; the covering of the 
ark of the covenant among the Jews. 

MERD, n. [Fr. merde / L. merda.] Ordure ; dung. Bur- 
ton. 

MERE, a. [L. merus ; It. mero.] 1. This or that only; 
distinct from any thing else. 2. Absolute ; entire. 

MERE, 71. [Sax. moere, or mere.] A pool or lake. 

MERE, 7J. [Sax. mccra, gemwra.] A boundary ; used chief- 
ly in the compound, mere-stone. Bacon. 

t MERE, V. t. To divide, limit or bound. Spenser. 

MeRE'LY, ado. Purely ; only ; solely ; thus and no other 
Avay ; for this and no other purpose. Swift. 

MER-E-TRI"CI0US, a. [L. meretriciTis.] 1. Pertainingto 
prostitutes ; such as is practiced by harlots. 2. Alluring 
by false show ; worn for disguise ; having a gaudy but 
deceitful appearance ; false. 

MER-E-TRi''CJOUS-LY, adv. In tho manner of prosti- 
tutes ; with deceitful enticements. 

MER-E-TRi"CIOUS-NESS, n. The arts of a prostitute ; de- 
ceitful enticements. 

MER-GAN'SER, n. [Sp. mergansar.] A water fowl. 

MERGE, V. t, [L. me7-go.] To immerse ; to cause to be 
swallowed up. Kent. 

MERGE, V. i. To be sunk, swallowed or lest. Law Term. 

MERG'ER, 71. [h.mergoJ] In Zaze, a merging or drowning 
of a less estate in a greater. 

* ME-RID'I-AN, n. [Fr. mcHdicn ; It. meridiano ; L. merid- 

ic5.] 1. In astronomy nndi geography, a great circle sup- 

posed to be drawn or to pass through the poles of the 
earth, and the zenith and nadir of any given place, inter- 
secting the equator at right angles, and dividing the hem- 
isphere into eastern and western. 2. Mid-day ; noon. 
3. The highest point. 4. The particular place or state, 
with regard to local circumstances or things that distin- 
guish it from others. — Magnetic meridian, a great circle, 
parallel with the direction of the magnetic needle, and 
passing through its poles. 

* ME-RIDT-AN, a. 1. Being on the meridian or at mid-day. 
2. Pertaining to the meridian or to mid-day. 3. Pertain- 
ing to the highest point. 4. Pertaining to the magnetic 
meridian. 

ME-RID'I-O-NAL, a. [Fr.] 1. Pertaining to the meridian. 

2. Southern. 3. Southerly ; having a southern aspect. — 
Meridional distance is the departure from the meridian, or 
easting or westing. 

ME-RID-I-O-NALT-TY, n. 1. The state of being in the me- 
ridian. 2. Position in the south ; aspect towards the 
south. 

ME-RIDT-O-NAL-LY, adv. In the direction of the meridi- 
an. Brown. 

MERTLS, 71. [Fr. merellcs.] A boyish game, called five- 
penny mor ids. See Morris. 

IMER'IT, 71. [li. meritum ; It., Sp. merito Fr. mcrite.] ]. 
Desert ; goodness or excellence which entitles one to honor 
or reward ; worth ; any performance or worth which 
claims regard or compensation. 2. Value ; excellence. 

3. Reward deserved ; that which is earned or merited. 

MER'IT, V. t. [Fr. meriter j L. merito.] 1. To deserve ; to 

earn by active service, or by any valuable performance ; 
to have a right to claim reward in money, regard, honor 
or happiness. 2. To deserve ; to have a Just title to. 
3. To deserve, in an ill sense ,• to have a Just title to. 

t MER'IT-A-BLE, a. Deserving of reward. B. Jonson. 

MERTT-ED, pp. Earned ; deserved. 

MERTT-ING, ppr. Earning ; deserving. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, Zea^.— FAR, FALL, WH^T ;^PRSY PIN, IMARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


MES 


527 


MET 


MER'IT-M6N-GER, n. One who advocates the doctrine of 
human merit, as entitled to reward. Milner. 

MER-I-To'R[-OUS, a. [It. meritorio ,* Fr. meritoire.} De- 
.serving of reward or of notice, regard, fame or happi- 
ness. 

MER-I-To'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In such a manner as to de- 
serve reward. fVotton. 

MER-I-To'RI-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of de- 
serving a reward or suitable return. 

t MER'I-TO-RY, a. Deserving of reward. Gower. 

MER'I-TOT, n. A kind of play used by children, in swing- 
ing themselves on ropes or the like, till they are giddy. 

MERLE, n. [L. merula.] A blackbird. Drayton. 

MER'LIN, 71. [Fr.] A species of hawk. 

MER'LON, 71. [It. TTierZo ; Fr. TJzeWon.] lr\ fortification 
part of a parapet which lies between two embrasures. 
Encyc. 

MER'MaID, 71. [Fr. 77ier, L. TTzarc, and maid.] Amarine 
animal, said to resemble a woman in the upper parts of 
the body, and a fish in the lower part. The male is called 
the merman. 

MER'MaID’S TRUMTET, 71. A kind offish. Ainsworth. 

Mf:'ROPS, 71. A genus of birds called bee-eaters. 

MER'RI-LY, adv. With mirth j with gayety and laughter; 
jovially. Qlanmlle. 

MER'RI-MAKE, 71. A meeting for mirth ; a festival ; 
mirth. 

MER'RI-MAKE, V. i. To be merry or jovial ; to feast. 

MER'RI-MENT, n. Mirth ; gayety with laughter or noise ; 
noisy sports ; hilarity; frolick. Milton. 

MER'RI-NESS, n. Mirth ; gayety with laughter. 

MER'RY, a. [Sax. mirige, myrig.] 1. Gay and noisy ; jo- 
vial ; exhilarated to laughter. 2. Causing laughter or 
mirth. 3. Brisk. 4. Pleasant ; agreeable ; delightful. — 
To make merry ^ to be jovial ; to indulge in hilarity ; to 
feast with mirth. Judges ix. 

MER'RY, n. The common, wild, red cherry. 

MER'RY-AN'DREW, n. A buflbon ; a zany ; one whose 
business is to make sport for others. 

MER'RY-MaK-ING, a. Producing mirth. Hillhouse. 

MER'RY-MEET-ING, n. A festival ; a meeting for mirth. 

MER RY-THOUGHT, n. The forked bone of a fowl’s 
breast, which boys and girls break by pulling each one 
side ; the longest part broken betokening priority of mar- 
riage. Ecliard. 

MER'SION, n. [L. 7nemo.] The act of sinking or pluilg- 
ing under water. 

MES-A-Ra'I€, a. [Gr. y€aa(jatov.] The same as mesenteric ^ 
pertaining to the mesentery. 

ME-SEEMS', verb impersonal. and seems.] It seems to 
me. It is used also in the past tense, mescemed. Spen- 
ser. 

IMES-EN-TERTG, a. Pertaining to the mesentery. 

MES'EN-TER-Y, 77,. [Gr. pcacvrepiov.] A fatty membrane 
placed in the middle of the intestines, and to which they 
are attached. 

MESH, 77. [W. masg ; G. maschc.] 1. The opening or 
space between the threads of a net. 2. The grains or 
wash of a brewery. 

IMESH, V. t. To catch in a net; to insnare. Drayton. 

IMESH Y, G. Formed like net- work ; reticulated. 

MES'LIN, 77. [Fr. mesler, mdler.] A mixture of different 
sorts of grain ; in America^ a mixture of wheat and rye. 

MESNE, (meen) a. [Old Fr.] In Za^c, middle ; interven- 
ing; as a mesne lord, that is, a lord which holds land of 
a superior, but grants a part of it to another person. 

MES'0-€0-Ii0N, 77. [Gr. jurcrof, and colon.] In anatomy^ 
a part of the mesentery. 

MES-O-LEu'CYS, 77. [Gr. pecrog and \evKog.] A precious 
stone with a streak of white in the middle. 

IMES'O-LITE, 77. A mineral of the zeolite family. 

lilES-O-LOG'A-RITHM, 77 . [Gr. piecog^ and logarithm.] A 
logarithm of the co-sines and co-tangents. Harris. 

ME-SOM'E-LAS, n. [Gr. pccog and pc\ag.] A precious 
stone. 

MES'O-TYPE, 72. [Gr. pcaog and rurrof.] A mineral. 

t MES-PRlSE', 77. Contempt ; a French word. 

lUESS, 77 . [Fr. 7i7ct.'? ; Goth. t 77C5.] 1. A dish ora quanti- 

ty of food prepared or set on a table at one time. 2. A 
medley ; a mixed mass ; a quantity. 3. As much prov- 
ender or grain as is given to a beast at once. 4. A num- 
ber of persons wdio eat together; among seamen and 
soldiers. 

iHESS, 77 . 7. I. To eat; to feed. 2. To associate at the 
same table ; to eat in company, as seamen. 

MESS, V. t. To supply with a mess. 

MES'SAGE, 77 . [Fr.] 1. Any notice, word or communica- 

tion, written or verbal, sent from one person to another. 
2. An official written communication of facts or opinions 
sent by a chief magistrate to the two houses of a legisla- 
ture or other deliberative body. 3. An official verbal 
communication from one branch of a legislature to the 
other. 


MES'SA-GER) ) n. [Fr. messager.] 1. One who bears a 

MES'SEN-GER, j message or an errand. 2. A harbinger 
a forerunner ; he or that which foreshows. 

MES-SI'AH, 77 . [Heb. n^J2^72', anointed.] Christ, the Anoint- 
ed ; the Savior of the world. 

MES-SI'AH-SHIP, 77. The character, state or office of the 
Savior. Buckminster. 

^MEb-SIEURS, (mesh'sheerz) 77. [Fr. plu. of monsieur, my 
lord.] Sirs ; gentlemen. 

MESS'-MATE, n. An associate in eating. 

MESS'UAGE, (mes'swaje) n. [from Old Fr. meson, meson- 
age.] In law, a dwelling-house and adjoining land, 
appropriated to the use of the household, including the 
adjacent buildings. 

ME-SYM'NI-€UM, 77. A repetition at the end of a stanza. 

MET, 72. A measure. Grose. 

MET, pret. and pp. of meet. 

ME-TAB'A-SIS, n. [Gr.] In rhetoric, transition ; a pass- 
ing from one thing to another. 

ME-TAB'O-LA, n. [Gr. p.era and ^oiXy.] In medicine, a 
change of air, time or disease. [L. w.] Diet. 

MET-A-CARP'AL, a. Belonging to the metacarpus. 

MET-A-€ARP'US, n. [Gr. peTaKapniov.] In anatomy, the 
part of the hand between the wrist and the fingers. 

ME-TACH'RO-NISM, n. [Gr. pera and ^povog.] An error 
in chronology, by placing an event after its real time. 

Me'TAGE, 72. Measurement of coal ; price of measuring. 

MET-A-GRAM'MA-TISM, n. [Gr. pera and ypappa.] An- 
agrammatism, or metagrammatism, is a transposition of the 
letters of a name into such a connection as to express 
some perfect sense applicable to the person named. Cam- 
den. 

MET'AL, (met'tl) n. [Fr. ; 'L.metalltLm.] 1. A simple, fixed, 
shining, opake body or substance, insoluble in water, fusi- 
ble by heat, a good conductor of heat and electricity, 
capable, when in the state of an oxyd, of uniting with 
acids and forming with them metallic salts. 2. Courage ; 
spirit; so written, by mistake, formettle. 

MET-A-LEP'SIS, 72. [Gr. pcraXyraig.] In rhetoric, the con- 
tinuation of a trope in one word through a succession of 
significations. Bailey, 

MET-A-LEP'TIC, a. 1. Pertaining to a metalepsis or par- 
ticipation ; translative. 2. Transverse. 

MET-A-LEP'TI-CAL-LY, adv. By transposition. 

ME-TAL'LIC, a. [L. metallicus.] Pertaining to a metal or 
metals; consisting of metal; partaking of the nature of 
metals ; like a metal. 

ME-TAL'LI-CAL. The same as metallic. 

MET-AL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. metallum and fero.] Pro- 
ducing metals. Kirwan. 

ME-TAL'Iil-FORM, a. Having the form of metals; like 
metal. Kirwan. 

* MET'AL-LINE, G. 1. Pertaining to a metal; consisting 
of metal. 2. Impregnated with metal. 

MET'AL-LIST, n. A worker in metals, or one skilled in 
metals. Moxon. 

MET-AL-LI-ZA TION, n. The act or process of forming 
into a memi. 

MET'AL-LIZE,.r. t. To form into metal ; to give to a sub- 
stance its proper metallic properties. 

MET-AL-LOG'RA-PHY, 72. [Gr. /leraXXov and ypa^/;.] An 
account or description of metals. 

MET'AL-LOID, n. [metal, and Gr. ft(5o?.] A name some- 
times applied to the metallic bases of the alkalies and 
earths. 

MET-AL-LOID'AL, a. Having the form or appearance of 
a metal. 

MET'AL-LUR-GIC, a. Pertaining to metallurgy, or the art 
of working metals. 

MET'AL-LUR-GIST, or MET-AL'LUR-GIST, 72. One 
whose occupation is to work metals, or to purify, refine 
and prepare metals for use. 

* MET'AL-LUR-GY, or MET-AL'LUR-GY, n. [Gr. peraX- 
\ov and tpyov.] The art of wmrking metals, and separat- 
ing them from other matters in the ore. 

MET'AL-MAN, 72. A worker in metals j a coppersmith or 
tinman. 

MET-A-MORPH'IC, or MET-A-MORPH'0-SI€, a. Chang- 
ing the form ; transforming. 

MET-A-MORPH'OSE, v.t. [Gr. ptTapop(poio.] To change 
into a different form ; to transform ; particularly, to 
change the form of insects, as from the larva to a w’inged 
animal. Dryden. 

MET-A-MORPIPO-SER, n. One that transforms or changes 
the shape. 

MET-A-MORPH'O-SfNG, ppr. Changing the shape. 

MET-A-MORPH'O-SIS, 77. 1. Change of form or shape ; 
transformation ; particularly , a change in the form of be- 
ing. 2. Any change of form or shape. 

MET-A-MOR-PHOS'TI-€AL, a. Pertaining to or affected 
by metamorphosis. Pope. 

MET'A-PHOR, 77. [Gr. peraepo pa.] A short similitude; a 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE ; BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Tit as in this, j Obsolete. 


MET 


528 


MEW 


similitude reduced to a single word ; or a word express- 
ing similitude without the signs of comparison. Thus 
“ that man is a fox,” is a metaphor j but “ that man is like 
a fox,” is a similitude. 

MET-A-PnOR'I€, ) a. Pertaining to metaphor; com- 

MET-A-PHOR'I-€AL, \ prising a metaphor ; not literal. 

MET-A-PHORT-0AL-L Y, ado. In a metaphorical manner ; 
not literally. 

MET'A-PHOR-IST, n. One that makes metaphors. 

MET'A-PHRASE, n. [Gr. ysra^pacng.] A verbal transla- 
tion ; a version or translation of one language into another, 
word for word. 

MET'A-PHRAST, n. A person who translates from one 
language into another, word for word. 

MET-A-PHRAS'TI€, a. Close or literal in translation. 

MET-A-PHYS'IC, la. 1. Pertainingorrelatingtomet- 

MET-A-PHYS'I-€AL, j aphysics. 2. According to rules 
or principles of metaphysics. 3. Preternatural or super- 
natural ; [o6s.] Shak. 

MET-A-PH YS'1-GAL-LY, adt\ In the manner of ineta- 
pliysical science. 

MET-A-PHY-SP'CIAN, n. One who is versed in the science 
of metaphysics. 

MET-A-PHYSTCS, n. [Gr. pera and (pv(nKij.] 7’he sci- 
ence of the principles and causes of all things existing ; 
hence, the science of mind or intelligence. 

MET^A.-PLASM, n. [Gr. furatrXacfxos.'] In grammar^ a 
transmutation or change made in a word by transposing 
or retrenching a syllable or letter. 

ME-TAS'TA-SIS, n. [Gr. //eraoratrij.] A trahslation or 
removal of a disease from one part to another, or such an 
alteration as is succeeded by a solution. 

MET-A-TaR'SAL, a. Belonging to the metatarsus. 

MET-A-TAR'SUS, n. [Gr. pcra and rapaoj.] The middle 
of the foot, or part between tlie ankle and the toes. 

ME-TATIPE-SIS, n. [Gr. utraQiais.'] 1. Transposition ; 
a figure by wliich the letters or syllables of a word are 
transposed. — 2. In medicine^ a change or removal of a mor- 
bid cause, without expulsion. 

METE, V, t. [Sax. metan^ ametan, gemetan ; D. meeten; L. 
metior.] To measure ; to ascertain quantity, dimensions or 
capacity by any rule or standard. [Obsolescent.] 

METE, n. [Sax. mitta,] Measure ; limit ;'boundary ; used 
chiefly in the plural, in the phrase, metes and bounds. 

ME-TEMP'SI-€HOSE, v. t. To translate from one body to 
another, as the soul. 

ME-TEMP-SY-€Ho^SIS, n. [Gr. Trans- 

migration ; the passing of the soul of a man after deatli 
into some other animal body. 

ME-TEMP^TO-SIS, n. [Gr. pera and Trtxrrw.] In chronology^ 
the solar equation necessary to prevent tlie new moon 
from happening a day too- late, or the suppression of the 
besextile once in 134 years. 

* Me'TE-OR, n. [Gr. perewpof.] 1. In a general sense^ a 
body that flies or floats in the air. 2. A liery or luminous 
body or appearance flying or floating in tUe atmosphere, 
or in a more elevated region. 

ME-TE-OR'IC, a. 1. Pertaining to meteors ; consisting of 
meteors. 2. Proceeding from a meteor. 

t Me TE-O-RIZE, y. i. To ascend in vapors. Evelyn. 

Me'TE-O-RO-LTTE, or Me'TE-RO-LITE, n. A meteoric 
stone ; called, also, aerolite. 

ME-TE-O-RO-LOG'IG, ) a. Pertaining to the atmos- 

ME-TE-0-R0-L0G'I-€AL, ) phere and its nhenoinena. 

ME-TE-O-ROL'O-GIST, or ME-TE-ROL'O-GIST, n. A 
person skilled in meteors. Howell. 

ME-TE-O-ROL'O-GY, n. [Gr. yerewpos and Xoyo?.] That 
science which treats of the atmosphere and its phenome- 
na. D. Olmsted. 

ME-TE-0-ROi\I/AN-CY, or ME-TE-ROM/AN-CY, n. [Gr. 
ytrmnov and pavraa.] A species of divination by mete- 
ors, chiefly by thunder and lightning. 

ME-Te'O-ROS-COPE, n. An instrument for taking the 
magnitude and distances of heavenly bodies. 

ME-TE-0-R0S'€0-PY, 71. [Gr. prrfwpojand o-xoTrao*] That 
part of astronomy which treats of sublime heavenly bodies, 
distance of stai-s, &c. 

ME-Te'O-ROUS, a. Having the nature of a meteor. 

Me'TER, n. One who measures ; used in compounds. 

Me'TER. See Metre. 

Me'TER-LY, adv. Moderately. TVestm. dialect. Tolerably 
well. 

|MeTE'WAND, 71. [mete and icand.] A stalf or rod of a 
certain length, used as a measure. Ascham. 

tMtLTE'YARD, n. [^tix. metgeard.] A yard, staff or rod, 
used as a measure. 

ME-THEG'LIN, rt. [W.mezyglin.'] A liquor made of honey 
and water boiled and fermented, often enriched with 
spices. 

ME-THINKS', V. impers. ; pp. methought. [me and think.] It 
seems to me ; it appears to me ; I think. 

METH'OD, n. [L. methodus.] 1. A suitable and conven- 


I ( 


i 

I 

I 

i 

I 


I 

! 


* 

i 


) 


I 




ient arrangement of things, proceedings or ideas ; the nat- 
ural or regular disposition of separate things or parts. 2. 
Way ; manner. 3. Classification ; arrangement of natu- 
ral bodies according to their common characteristics. In 
natural arrangements, a distinction is sometimes made be- 
tween method and system. System is an arrangement 
founded, throughout all its parts, on some one principle. 
Method is an arrangement less fixed and determinate, and 
founded on more general relations. 

ME-THODTC, la. Arranged in convenient order ; dis- 

ME-THODT-CAL, | posed in a just and natural manner, 
or in a manner to illustrate a subject, or to facilitate prac- 
tical operations. 

ME-THOD'I-CAL-LY, adr. In a methodical manner; ac- 
cording to natural or convenient order. 

METH'OO-ISM, n. The doctrines and worship of the sect 
of Christians called Methodists. 

METH'OD-IST, n. 1. One that observes method. 2. One 
of a sect of Christians, founded by John Wesley, and so 
called from the exact regularity of their lives, and the 
strictness of their principles and rules. 3. A physician 
who practices by method or theory. 

METH-O-DIS'TIC, \a. Resembling the Methodists; 

METH-0-DIS'TI-€AL, | partaking of the strictness of 
Methodists. Ch. Obs. 

METH'OD-IZE, V. t. To reduce to method ; to dispose in 
due order ; to arrange in a convenient manner. 

ME-THOUGHT-, pret. of methinks. It seemed to me ; 1 
thought. Milton. Dry den. 

Me'TIC, n. [Gr. fUToiKos.] In ancient Greece.^ a sojourner; 
a resident stranger in a Grecian city or place. 

t ME-7'I€'U-LOUS, a. [E. meticulosus.] Timid. Coles. 

t ME-TIG'U-LOUS-LY, ado. Timidly. Brown. 

iviE-TON'IG-CY-€LE, ) The cycle of the moon, or peri- 

ME-TON'IC-YeAR. ) od of nineteen years, in which 
the lunations of the moon return to the same days of the 
month ; so called from its discoverer, Jl/etoTi, the Athenian. 

MET-0-NYM'I€, ) a. Used by way of metonymy, by 

MET-O-NYM'I-CAL, ) putting one word for another. 

MET-O-NYM'I-CAL-LY, ado. By putting one word for 
another. 

* MET 0-NYM-Y, or ME-TON'O-MY, n. [Gr. utTWvvyia.] 
In rhetoric., a trope in which one word is put tor another; 
a change of names which have some relation to each other. 


MET'O-PE, n. [Gr. nerourj. ] In architecture, the space 
between the triglyphs of the Doric frieze. 
MET-O-POS'CO-PIST, n. One versed in physiognomy. 
MET-0-P0S'€0-PY, n. [Gr. yerwirov and (TKoncu).] The 
study of physiognomy. 

Me'TRE, \ n. [Sax. meter ; Fr. metre. All the compounds 
Me'TER, 1 of this word are conformed to English orthog- 
raphy, as diameter, &c. The same would be desirable in 
tlic simple word.] 1. Measure ; verse ; arrangement of 
poetical feet, or of long and short syllables in verse. 2. A 

French measure of length equal to English inches. 

MET'RI-GAL, a. [E. mctticus ; ¥x. metrique.] 1. Pertain- 
ing to measure, or due arrangement or combination of 
long and short syllables. 2. Consisting of verses. 

ME- PRI^^CI AN, 1 \ TToren^a 

-jyj t Tt* Jx wrii0r Ox V0rsci3» 


ME-TROL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. and Aoyo?.] 1. A discourse 

on measures or mensuration ; the description of measures. 
2. An account of measures, or the science of weights and 
measures. J. Q. Adams. 


ME-TROP'O-LIS, 71. [L. ; Gr. yrjTpovoXi?.] The chief 
city or capital of a kingdom, state or country. 
MET-RO-POLT-TAN, a. Belonging to a metropolis, or to 
the mother church ; residing in the chief city. 
MET-RO-POL'I-T AN, n. The bishop of the mother church ; 


an archbishop. Clarendon. 

t ME-TROP'O-LITE, ti. A metropolitan. 

MET-RO-POLT-Tie, \ a. Pertaining to a metropolis ; 

MET-RO-PO-LITT-CAL, j archiepiscopal. 

MET^TLE, (met'tl) n. [usually supposed to be corrupted 
from metal.] Spirit ; constitutional ardor ; that tempera- 
ment which is susceptible of high excitement. 

MET'TLED, a. High-spirited ; ardent ; full of fire. 

MET'TLE-SOME, a. Full of spirit ; possessing constitu- 
tional ardor ; brisk ; fiery. Tatler. 

MET'TLE-S6ME-LY, adv. With sprightliness. 

MET/TLE-S6ME-NESS, n. The state of being high-spirited. 

MEW, n. [Sax. maew ; D. meeuw / G. mewe.] A sea-fowl 
of the genus larus ; a gull. 

MEW, n. [Fr. mue; Arm. muz.] A cage for birds ; an in- 
closure ; a place of confinement. 

MEW, V. t. To shut up ; to inclose ; to confine, as in a 
cage or other inclosure. Dry den. 

MEW, V. t. [W. miw ; It. mudare ; Fr. muer.] To shed or 
cast ; to change ; to molt. Dryden. 

MEW, V. i. [W. mewian.] To cry as a cat. 

MEW, 77 . i. To change ; to put on a new appearance. 

MEWTNG, ppr. Casting the feathers or skin ; crying. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, 5, U, Y, Iohj?-.— FAR, F^LI., WHAT ;— PR^Y ;—PIN, MARINE, BIRD t Obsolete. 


MID 


529 


MIG 


MEWL, V. i. [Fr. miauler ; It. TAlagolare.] To cry or squall, 
as a child. Sliak. 

MEWL'ER, 11 . One that squalls or mewls. 

MEYNT, a. Mingled. See Meine. 

ME-Ze'RE-ON, n. A plant j the spurge olive. 

MEZ ZO, in musky denotes middle, mean. 

MEZ'ZO-RE-LIe' VO, /?. [It. mezzurilievo.] Middle relief. 

* MEZ-ZO-TINT'O, n. [It.J A particular manner of engrav- 
ing or representation of figures on copper, in imitation of 
painting in Indian ink. 

* MI ASM, ) n. [Gr., from piaivct).] Infecting substances 

MI-AS'MA, ^ floating in the air ; the effluvia of any pu- 
trefying bodies, rising and floating in the atmosphere. 

MI-AS-MAT'1€, a. Pertaining to miasma j partaking of the 
qualities of noxious effluvia. 

MI€A, 11. mica.] A mineral of a foliated structure, 
consisting of thin flexible lamels or scales, having a shin- 
ing surface. 

MI-GA'CEOUS, a. Pertaining to mica. 

MI€'A-REL, 11 . A species of argillaceous earth. 

MICE, phi. of mouse. 

MFCHA-EL-ITE, n. A subvariety of siliceous sinter. 

MICH'AEL-MAS, (mik'el-mas) n. 1. The feast of St. Mi- 
chael, a\festival of the Romish church, celebrated Sept. 
29. — 2. In colloquial languagCy autumn. 

MIC HE, V. i. 1. To lie hid ; to skulk ; to retire or shrink 
from view. 2. To pilfer j [o*5.] Shak. 

* f MICH'ER, u. One who skulks, or creeps out of sight j a 
thief. Sidney. 

t MICH'ER-Y, 71. Theft j cheating. Oower. 

MICII'ING, ppr. Retiring ; skulking ; creeping from sight; 
mean; cowardly. [Vulgar.] 

f MIC KLE, a. [Snx.micelyinucel j Scot. Twyc/ie, mekyl, muc- 
kle.] Much ; great. [Retained in the Scottish language.] 

MPCO, n. A beautiful species of monkey. 

*MI€'RO-€OSM, or MPCRO-COSM, ??. [Gr. piKpog and 
Kocpog.] Literallyy the little world ; but used for maiiy 
supposed to be an epitome of the universe or great world. 
Swift. 

MI-€RO-€OS'MIC SALT. A triple salt of soda, ammonia 
and phosphoric acid, obtained from urine. Urc. 

MI-CRO-€OS'MI-CAL, a. Pertaining to the microcosm. 

MI-€RO-COUS'TIC, n. [Gr. piKpog and ukovo).] An in- 
strument to augment small sounds, and assist in hearing. 

* MI-GROG^RA-PHY, n. [Gr. piKpog and ypaifHa.] The de- 
scription of objects too small to be discerned without the 
aid of a microscope. 

MI-CROM'E-TER, 11 . [Gr. piKpog and perpov.] An instm- 
ment for measuring small objects V)r spaces. 

MIC'RO-PHONE, n. [Gr. piKpog and (pivvy.] An instrument 
to augment small sounds ; a microcoustic. 

MIC RO-SCOPE, or MI'CRO-SCOPE, n. [Gr. fUKpog and 
cKonao.] An optical instrument consisting of lenses or 
mirrors, which magnify objects, and thus render visible 
minute objects which cannot be seen by the naked eye, 
or enlarge the apparent magnitude of small visible bodies. 

MI-€'RO-SCOPH€, ) a. 1. Made by the aid of a micro- 

MI-CRO-SCOP'I-CAL, | scope. Arbuthnot. 2. Assisted 
by a microscope. 3. Resembling a microscope ; capable 
of seeing small objects. 4. Very small ; visible only by 
the aid of a microscope. 

MI-CRO-SCOi’'I-CAL-LY, adv. By the microscope ; with 
minute inspection. Good. 

MIC-TU-Rl"TIOX, 11 . [L. micturio.] The act of making 
water, or passing the urine. Darwin. 

MID, a. [Sax. middy inidde.] 1. Middle; at equal di-stance 
from extremes. 2. Intervening. 

MLDA, w. [Gr.juSag.] A worm, or the bean-fly. Chambers. 

MID'-AGE, 71. The middle of life, or persons of that age. 

MlD'-CoURSE, n. The middle of the course or way. 

JMIiy-DAY, a. Being at noon ; meridional. Addison. 

MID'-DaY, n. The middle of the day ; noon. Donne. 

MID'DEN, or J.IID'DING, n. A dungliill. Favour. 

f IMID DEST, o. superl. of mid. Spenser. 

MID'DLE, (mid'dl) a. [Sax., D. middel ; G. mittel ; Dan. 
middel.] 1. Equally distant from the extremes. 2. Inter- 
mediate ; intervening. 

MID'DLE, n. 1. The point or part equally distant from the 
extremities. 2. The time that passes, or events that hap- 
pen between the beginning and the end. 

MID'DLE-aGED, a. Being about the middle of the ordina- 
ry age of man. 

t MID'DLE-EARTII, n. [Sax. middan~eard.] The world. 

MID'DLE-MoST, a. Being in the middle, or nearest the 
middle of a number of things that are near the middle. 

MID'DLE-VVIT'TED, a. Of moderate abilities. Iz. Walton. 

MID'DLING, a. [Sax. midlen.] Of middle rank, state, size 
or quality ; about equally distant from the extremes ; 
moderate. 

MID'DLING-LY, G(/«. Passably; indifferently. Johnson. 

t MIDGE, 11 , [Sax. myercy mygne.] A gnat or flea. 

MID*-HEAV-EN, n. The middle of the sky or heaven. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE. 

* 34 


MID'LAND, a. 1. Being in the interior country ; distant 
from the coast or sea shore. Hale. 2. Surrounded by the 
sea; mediterrane.an. Dryden. 

MID'-LENT, n. [Sax. midlencten.] The middle of lent. 

MID'LENT-ING, a. Going about to visit parents atmidlent. 

MID'LEG, 11 . Middle of the leg. Bacon. 

MID'MoST, a. Middle ; as, the midmost battles. Dryden. 

MID^NlGllT, 7J. The middle of the night; twelve o’clock 
at night. 

MID'NlGHT, a. 1. Being in the middle of the night. Bacon. 
2. Dark as midnight ; very dark. 

MID'RIFF, 7t. [Sax. 77tid/tri/t’.] in anatomy yihe diaphragm. 
Quincy. 

IMID'SeA, n. The Mediterranean sea. Dryden. 

MID SHIP, a. Being in the middle of a ship. 

MID'SHIP-MAN, 11 . In ships of war y a kind of naval cadet, 
wliose business is to second the orders of the superior offi- 
cers and assist in the necessary business of the ship. 

MID^SHIPS, adv. In the middle of a sliip ; properly amid- 
ships, 

MIDST, n. [contracted from middesty the superlative of 
mid.] The middle. Dryden. The phrase m tAe waV/st often 
signifies involved in, surrounded or overwhelmed by. 

MIDST, prep. Poetically used for amidst. 

MIDST, adv. In the middle. Milton. 

MID'STReAM, 11 . The middle of the stream. Dryden. 

MID'SUM-MER, 71. The middle of summer; the summer 
solstice, about the 21st of June. Swift. 

t MID'WARD;' adv. Midst. 

MID'WaY, 11 . The middle of the way or distance. 

MID'WaY, a. Being in the middle of the way or distance 

MID'WaY, adv. In the middle of the way ; half way. 

MID'WIFE, n. [mid and wif.] A woman that assists other 
women in childbirth. 

MID'WIFE, V. i. To perform the office of midwife. 

MID'WIFE, Vy t. To assist in childbirth. 

* MID'WIFE-I^Y, 77. I. The art or practice of assisting 
women in chiMbirth ; obstetrics. 2. Assistance at child- 
birth. 3. Help^or cooperation in production. 

MID'-WIN-TER, 71. The middle of winter, or the winter 
solstice, December 21. 

MID'-IVOOD, a. In tiie middle of the wood. Thomson. 

MI'E-MTi’E, 11 . A mineral found at Miemo. 

MIeN, (meen) n. [Fr. mine ; Dan., Sw. mine ,• Corn. 777 eiw.] 
Look ; air ; manner ; external appearance ; carriage. Pope. 

MIFF,. 77 . A slight degree of resentment. [Colloquial.] 

MIFFED, a. Slightly offended. 

Might, (mHe) pret. of may. 1. Had power or liberty. 
2. It sometimes denotes was possible, implying ignorance 
of the fiict in the speaker. 

MIGHT, (mite) n. [Sax. mighty meht ,* G. macht.] 1. 
Strength; force; power; primarily and chieflyy bodily 
strength or' physical power. 2. Political power or great 
achievements. 3. National strength ; physical power or 
military force. 4. Valor with bodily strength ; military 
prowess. 5. Ability ; strength or application of means. 
(5. Strength or force of purpose. 7. Strength of aflection. 
8. Strength of light; splendor; effulgence. — JVith might 
and maiuy with the utmost strength. 

MTGHTT-LY, adv. 1. With great power, force or strength ; 
vigorously. 2. Vehemently ; with great earnestness. 3. 
Powerfully ; with great energy. 4. With great strength 
of argument. 5. With great or irresistible force ; greatly ; 
extensively. 0. With strong means of defense. 7. Great- 
ly ; to a great degree ; very much. 

MIGHT'I-NESS, n. 1. Power; greatness ; height of dignity. 
2. A title of dignity ; as, their High Mightinesses. 

MTGHTW, G. [Sax. mihtig.] 1. Having great bodily strength 
or physical power ; very strong or vigorous. 2. Very 
strong ; valiant ; bold. 3. Very powerful ; liaving great 
command. 4. Very strong in numbers. 5. Very strong 
or great in corporeal power ; very able. 6. Violent; very 
loud. 7. Vehement ; rushing with violence. 8. Very 
great ; vast. 9. Very great or strong. 10. Very forcible ; 
efficacious. 11. Very great or eminent in intellect or ac- 
quirements. 12. Great ; wonderful ; performed with great 
power. 13. Very severe and distressing. 14. Very great, 
large or populous. 15. Important ; momentous. 

MTGHT'Y, adv. In a great degree ; very ; as, mighty wise. 
[Colloquial.] Prior. 

MlGN'IARD, (min'yard) a. [Fr. mignard.] Soft; dainty, 
delicate ; pretty. B. Jonson. 

MIGN-O-NETTE', (min-yo-neP) ) n. [Fr.] An annual 

MIG'O-NET, i flower or plant of the 

genus reseda. 

MI'GRATE, V. i. [L. migro ] 1. To pass or remove from 
one country or from one state to another, with a view to a 
residence. 2. To pass or remove from one region or dis- 
trict to another for a temporary residence. 

MT'GRA-TING, ppr. Removing from one state to another 
for a permanent residence. 

MI-GRa'TION, 77. [h. migratio.] 1. The act of removing 
from one kingdom or state to another, for the purpose of 
residence. 2. Change of place ; removal. 


€ as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


MIL 


530 


MIL 


MT'GRA-TO-RY, a. 1. Removing or accustomed to remove 
from one state or country to another for permanent resi- 
dence. 2. Roving ; wandering ; occasionally removing for 
pasturage. 3. Passing from one climate to another •, as 
fowls. 

MILCH, a. [Sax. melee.'] Giving milk. 

MILD, a. [Sax. ,* G., D., Sw., Dan. 7?JiZd.] 1. Soft; 
gently and pleasantly aliecting the senses ; not violent. 
2. IMot acrid, pungent, corrosive or drastic ; operating 
gently ; not acrimonious ; demulcent ; mollifying ; leni- 
tive ; assuasive. 3. Tender and gentle in temper or dis- 
position ; kind; compassionate; merciful ; .clement ; in- 
dulgent ; not severe or cruel. 4. Not fierce, rough or an- 
gry ; as mild words. 5. Placid ; not fierce ; not stern ; 
not frowning. G. Not sharp, tart, sour or bitter ; moder- 
ately sweet or pleasant to the taste. 7. Calm ; tranquil 
8. Moderate ; not violent or intense. 

MIL'DEW, 71. [Sax. mildeaw.] 1. Honey dew ; a thick, 
clammy, sweet juice, found on the leaves of plants. Hill. 
2. Spots on cloth or paper caused by moisture. 

MIL'DEW, V. t. To taint with mildew. Shak. 

MIL'DEWED, pp. Tainted or injured by mildew. 

MIL'DEVV-ING, ppr. Tainting with mildew. 

MiLD'LY, adv. Softly ; gently ; tenderly ; not roughly or 
violently ; moderately. 

MiLD'NESS, 71. 1. Softness ; gentleness. 2. Tenderness ; 
mercy ; clemency. 3. Gentleness of operation. 4. Soft- 
ness ; the quality that affects the senses pleasantly. 5. 
Temperateness ; moderate state. 

MiLD-SPiR'IT-ED, a. Having a mild temper. 

MILE, n. [L. mille passus ,• Sax., Sw. m 'll ; Fr. mille.] A 
measure of length or distance, containing 8 furlongs, 320 
rods, poles or perches, 1760 yards, 5280 feet, or 80 chains. 
The Roman mile was a thousand paces, equal to 1600 
yards, English measure. 

MILE' AGE, n. Fees paid for travel by the mile. 

MILE'STONE, n. A stone set to mark the distance or space 
of a mile. 

MIL'FOIL, 77. \^. millefolmm.] A plant; yarrow. 

MIL'IA-RY, (rniVya-re) a. [Fr. miliaire j ~L. milium.] 1. 
Resembling millet seeds. 2. Accompanied with an erup- 
tion like millet seeds. 

f MlL'lCE, for militia. 

MIL'IO-LITE, 71. Fossil remains of the miliola. 

MIL'I-TAN-C Y, 11 . Warfare. \^Little used.] Mountagu. 

MIL'I-TANT, a. \Ij. miUtans.] 1. Fighting ; combating ; 
serving as a soldier. Spenser. — 2. 'I’he churchy inilitant is 
the Christian church on earth, which is supposed to be 
engaged in a constant warfare against its enemies ; thus 
distinguished from the church triumphant^ or in heaven. 
Hooker. 

t MIL'I-TAR, a. The same as military. 

MIL'I-TA-RI-LY, adv. In a soldierly manner. 

MIL'I-TA-RY, a. [Fr. militaire ; L. militaris.] 1. Pertaining 
to soldiers or to arms. 2. Engaged in the service of sol- 
diers or arms. 3. Warlike; becoming a soldier. 4. De- 
rived from the services or exploits of a soldier. 5. Con- 
formable to the customs or rules of armies or militia. 6. 
Performed or made by soldiers. — Military tenure^ a tenure 
of land, on condition of ])erforming military service. 

MIL'I-TA-RY, 71. The whole body of soldiei-s ; soldiery; 
militia ; an army. Mitford. 

MIL'I-TATE, v.i. [L. milito.] To militate against^ is to op- 
pose ; to be or to act in opposition. Smollett. 

MI-Li''TIA, 11 . [L.] The body of soldiers in a state enrolled 
for discipline, but not engaged in actual service except in 
emergencies. 

MILK, 77. [8ax. melee; G. milch ; 'D. melk.] 1. A white 
fluid or liquor, secreted by certain glands in female ani- 
mals, and drawn from the breasts for the nourishment of 
their young. 2. The white juice of certain plants. 3. 
Emulsion made by bruising seeds. 

MILK, V. t. [Sax. inelcan, meolcian ; G., D. melken.] 1. To 
draw or press milk from the breasts by the hand. 2. To 
suck ; [oZ)s.] 

t MILK'EN, a. Consisting of milk. Temple. 

MILK'ERj 11 . One that milks. 

MILK'-Fe-VER, 77. A fever which accompanies the first 
flowing of milk in females after childbirth. 

MILK'-HEDGE, 71. A shrub growing on the Coromandel 
coast, containing a milky juice. 

MILK'I-NESS, 71. dualities tike those of milk ; softness. 

MILK'-LIV-ERED, a. Cowardly ; timorous. Shak. 

MILK'MaID, 71. A woman that milks or is employed in the 
dairy. 

MILK'MAN, 77. A man that sells milk. 

MILK'PaIL, 77. A pail which receives the milk drawn from 
cows. 

MILK'PAN, 77. A pan in which milk is set. 

MILK'POR-RIDGE, I 77. A species of food composed of 

MILK'POT-TAGE, | milk, or milk and water, boiled 
with meal or flour. 

MILK 'SCORE, 11 . An account of milk sold or purchased in 
small quantities, scored or marked. 


MILK'SOP, 77. A soft, effeminate, feeble-minded man 

MILK'-THIS-TLE, n. A plant of the genus carduus. 

MILK'TOOTH, n. The fore tooth of a foul, which is cast 
within two or three years. Far. Diet. 

MILK'-TRE-FOIL, ii. A plant, the cytisus. Johnson. 

MILK'-VETCH, n. A plant of the genus astragalus. 

MILK'-WoRT, 77. A plant of the genus euphorbia ; spurge 

MILK '-WEED, 77. A plant, the asclcpias Syriaca. 

MILK'-WHITE, a. White as milk. Dryden. 

MILK'-WOM-AN, n. A woman that sells milk. 

MILK'Y, a. 1. Made of milk. 2. Resembling milk. 3. 
Yielding milk. 4. Soft ; mild ; gentle ; timorous. 

MILK'Y-WaY, 77. The galaxy ; a broad, luminous path or 
circle in the heavens. 

MILL, 77. [L. mille.] A money of account of the United 
States, value the tenth of a cent, or the thousandth of a 
dollar. 

MILL, 77. [Sax. miln ; W. inelin ; Ir. meile.] 1. A compli- 
cated engine or machine for grinding and reducing to fine 
particles grain, fruit or other substance, or for performing 
other operations by means of wheels and a circular mo- 
tion. 2. The house or building that contains the ma- 
chinery for grinding, &c. 

MILL, V. t. 1. To grind ; to comminute ; to reduce to fine 
particles or to small pieces. 2. To beat up chocolate. 3. 
To stamp coin. 4. To full, as cloth. 

MILL'GOG, 77. The cog of a mill-wheel. Mortimer. 

MILL'DAM, 77. A dam or momid to obstruct a water-course, 
and raise the water to an altitude sufficient to turn a mill- 
wheel. 

MILL'HORSE, n. A horse that turns a mill. 

MILL-MOUNT'AINS, n. An herb. Ainsworth. 

MILL'POND, 77. A pond or reservoir of water raised for 
driving a mill-wheel. 

MILL'RACE, 77. The current of water that drives a mill- 
wheel, or the canal in which it is conveyed. 

MILL'-SIX-PENCE, n. An old English coin. Douce. 

MILL'STONE, n. A stone used for grinding grain. 

MILL'-TOOTH, n. ; plu. Mill-teeth. A grinder, dens 
molar is. 

MIL-LE-Na'RI-AN, a. [Fr. millenaire.] Consisting of a 
thousand years ; pertaining to the millenium. 

M1L-LE-Na'RI-AN, 77. A chiliast ; one who believes in the 
millenium. 

MIIj'LE-NA-RY, fl. [Fr. millenaire.] Consisting of a thou- 
sand. Arbuthnot. 

MIL-LEN'I-AL, a. Pertaining to the millenium, or to a 
thousand years. Burnet. 

t MIL'LE-NIST, 77. One who holds to the millenium. 

MIL-LEN'I-UM, 77. [L. mille and a777777s.] A thousand 

years ; a w^ord used to denote the thousand years men- 
tioned in Revelation xx., during which period 8atan 
shall be bound, and restrained from seducing men to sin, 
a7id Christ shall reign on earth with his saints. 

MIL'LE PED, 77. [L. 7/77//e and pc5.] The wmod-louse, an 
insect having many feet, a species of oniscus. 

MIL'LE-PORE, 77. [L. mille andporTis.] A genus oflitho- 
phytes or poly piers of various forms. 

MIL'LE-PO-RITE, n. Fossil millepores. 

MILL'EIl, 77. [from 7777 ZZ.] 1. One whose occupation is to 
attend a grist-mill. 2. An insect. 

MILL'ER’S-THUMB, m. A small fish. 

MIL-LES'I-MAL, a. [L. millesimus.] Thousandth ; con- 
sisting of thousandth parts. Watts. 

MIL'LET, >^7. [Fr. millet, or mil.] A plant. 

MILL'IA-RY, a. [L. milliarium.] Pertaining to a mile ; de- 
noting a mile ; as, a inilliary column. D’Anville. 

MIL'IjI-GRAM, 77 . [L. mille, and Gr. ypappa.] In the sys- 
tem of French iceights and measures, the thousandth part 
of a gram. 

MIL'Ll-LIT-ER, 77 . [L. 7777'ZZc, and ZZZe?*.] A French measure 
of capacity containing the thousandth part of a liter. 

MIL-LIM'E-TER, 77. [L. mille and metruin.] A French lin- 
eal measure containing the thousandth part of a metre. 

MIL'LI-JNER, 77. [Johnson supposes this wmrd to be Milaner, 
from Milan, in Italy.] A woman wffio makes and sells 
head-dresses, hats or bonnets, &c. for females. 

MIL'LI-NER-Y, n. The articles made or sold by milliners, 
as head-dresses, hats or bonnets, laces, ribbons and the 
like. 

MILL'ION, (mil'yun) n. [Fr. million ; It. milione.] 1. The 
number of ten hundred thousand, or a thousand thousand. 
It is used as a noun or an adjective. — ^2. In common usage, 
a very great number, indefinitely. 

MILL'ION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to millions ; consisting of 
millions. Pinkerton. 

tMILL'IONED, a. Multiplied by millions. Shak. 

MILL'IOJS^TH, a. The ten hundred thousandth. 

MILL-ReA', \ 77 . A coin of Portugal of the value of 124 

MILL-REE', I cents. 

MILT, 77 . [Sax., Dan., D.7T777t.] 1. In anatomy, the spleen, 
a viscus situated in the left hypochondrium under the 
dia])hragm. 2. The soft roe of fishes, or the spermatic 
part of tlie males. 


* See Synopsis. o, D, Y, Zo77^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


MIN 


MIN 


531 


MILT, V. t. To impregnate the roe or spawn of the female 
fish. Johnson. 

MILT'ER, A male fish. Walton, 

MlLT'WoRT, n. A plant of the genus asplenium. 
fMIME, 1. A bufifoon. 2. A kind of dramatic farce, 
i MOIE, V. i. To mimic, or play the buffoon. See Mimic. 
t Ml'MER, 11 . A mimic. See JMimic. 

M1-Me'SIS, 71. [Gr.] In rhetoric^ imitation of the voice or 
gestures of another. Encyc. 

MI-MET*I€, )a. [Gr. [uixyriKog.] Apt to imitate j given 
MI-MET'I-CAL, ^ to aping or mimicry. 

MIM'IG, I a. [L. mimicus,] 1. Imitative ; inclined to 
MIM'I-GAL, ) imitate or to ape ; having the practice or 
habit of imitating. 2. Consisting of imitation. 

MIM'IG, 71. 1. One who imitates or mimics j a buffoon who 
attempts to excite laughter or derision by acting or speak- 
ing in the manner of another. 2. A mean or servile im- 
itator. 

MIM'ICK, 7’. t. To imitate or ape for sport ; to attempt to 
excite laughter or derision by acting or speaking like an- 
other ; to ridicule by imitation. 

I\IIM'f€-RY, 11 . Ludicrous imitation for sport or ridicule. 
MI-MOG'RA-PHER, n. [Gr. [upos and ypacpu).] A writer 
of farces. 

Mi^NA, 11 . [L. 77<i?ia.] A weight or denomination of money, 
t MIN^A-CER, 11 . A threatener. 

MI-Na'CIOUS, a. [J^. minax.] Threatening ; menacing. 
Ml-NAC^I-TY, 7?. Disposition to threaten. [Little used.'\ 
t MIN'A-CY, 7i. Threat; menace. Hacket. 

MIN'A-RET, 11 . [W. 7nw7?t.] A small spire or steeple, or 
spire-like ornament in Saracen architecture, 
t MIX-A-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. With threats. Hacket. 

* MIN'A-TO-RY, a. Threatening ; menacing. Bacon. 
MINCE, (mins) v. t. [Sax. minsian ,• W. main ; Fr. menu, 
mince.] 1. To cut or chop into very small pieces. 2. To 
diminish in speaking ; to retrench, cut off' or omit a part 
for the purpose of suppressing the truth ; to extenuate in 
representation. 3. To speak with affected softness ; to 
clip words ; not to utter the full sound. 4. To walk with 
short or diminished steps. 

MINCE, 77.7. 1. To walk with short steps; to walk with 
affected nicety ; to affect delicacy in manner. 2. To 
speak softly, or with aff’ected nicety. 

MINCED, j>/7. Cut or chopped into very small pieces. 
MINCE-PiE, ) n. A pie made with minced meat and 
MINCED-PiE, \ other ingredients. 

LIIN'CING, ppr. Cutting into small pieces ; speaking or 
walking affectedly. 

MIN'CING-LY, ado. In small parts ; not fully. 

MlND, 77. [Siax. gemind, gemynd ; IJaii . ininde.] 1. Inten- 
tion ; purpose ; design. 2. Inclination ; will ; desire. 3. 
Opinion. 4. Memory ; remembrance. 5. The intellect- 
ual or intelligent power in man ; the understanding ; the 
power that conceives, judges or reasons. 6. The heart or 
sea^ of affection. 7. The will and affection. 8. The 
implanted principle of grace. Rom. vii. 

MIND, V. t. 1. To attend to ; to fix the thoughts on ; to re- 
gard with attention. 2. To attend to or regard with sub- 
mission ; to obey. 3. To put in mind ; to remind ; [o^*-.] 
4. To intend ; to mean. 

f MIND, V. i. To be inclined, or disposed to incline. 
MTND'ED, a. Disposed ; inclined. Tillotson. 
MiND'ED-NESS, n. Disposition ; inclination towards any 
thing. Milner. 

MTND'FILL-ING, a. Filling the mind. Mitford. 
MiND'FlJL, a. Attentive ; regarding with care ; bearing in 
mind ; heedful ; observant. 

MTND'FUL-LY, adv. Attentively ; heedfully. 
MiND'FTJL-NESS, n. Attention ; regard ; heedfulness. 
MiND'ING, ppr. Regarding; heeding. 

MINDING, 77. Regard. 

IMTND'LESS, a. 1. Inattentive ; heedless ; forgetful ; neg- 
ligent; careless. 2. Not endued with mind or intellectu- 
al powers. 3. Stupid ; unthinking, 
t MIND'-STRTCK-EN, a. iVloved ; affected in mind. 

MINE, a. called sometimes ^pronominal adjective. [Sax., 
Sw., Dan. min ; Goth, meins ; Fr. mon ; D. myn ; G. 
mein.] My ; belonging to me. It was form erly used before 
nouns beginning with vowels ; as, “ I kept myself from 
mine iniquity.” Mine sometimes supplies tlie place of a 
noun ; as, your sw'ord and mine are different in construc- 
tion. 

MINE, 77." [Fr. 777777C.] 1. A pit or excavation in the earth, 
from which metallic ores, mineral substances and other 
fossil bodies are taken by digging. — 2. In the militanj art, 
a subterraneous canal or passage dug under the wall or 
rampart of a fortification, where a quantity of powder 
may be lodged for blowing up the works. 3. A rich 
source of wealth or other good. 

MINE, v.i. 1. To dig a mine or pit in the earth. 2. To 
form a subterraneous canal or hole by scratching ; to form 
a burrow or lodge in the earth, as animals. 3. To prac- 
tice secret means of injury. 


MINE, V. t. To sap ; to undermine ; to dig away or other- 
wise remove the substratum or foundation ; to ruin or de- 
stroy by slow degrees. 

MlNE'-DlG-GER, n. One that digs mines. 

MlN'ER, 77. 1. One that digs for metals and other fossils. 

2. One who digs canals or passages under the walls of a 
fort, &c. 

MIN'ER-xVL, 77. [F., Sp. 777777e7-aZ.] A body destitute of or- 
ganization, and which naturally exists within the earth 
or at its surface. 

MIN'ER-AL, <7. 1. Pertaining to minerals; consisting of 
fossil substances. 2. Impregnated witii minerals or fossil 
matter. 

MIN'ER-AL-IST, n. One versed or employed in minerals. 

MIN-ER-AL-I-Za''TION, 11 . 1. The process of forming an 
ore by combination with another substance. 2. The 
process of converting into a mineral, as a bone or a plant. 

3. The act of impregnating with a mineral, as water. 

MIN'ER-AL-lZE, v. t. 1. In mineralogy, to combine with 

a metal in forming an ore or mineral. 2. To convert into 
a mineral. _3. To impregnate with a mineral substance. 

MIN'ER-AL iZED, pp. 1. Deprived of its usual properties 
by being combined with another substance or formed into 
an ore. 2. Converted into a mineral. 3. Impregnated 
with a mineral. 

MIN'ER-AL-IZ-ER, n. A substance which mineralizes an- 
other or combines with it in an ore. 

MIN-ER-A-LOGT-CAL, a. Pertaining to the science of 
minerals. 


MIN-ER-A-LOGT-CAL-LY, adv. According to mineralogy. 

MIN-ER-AL'O-GIST, n. One who is versed in the science 
of minerals, or one who treats or discourses of the proper- 
ties of mineral bodies. 

MIN-ER-AL'O-GY, n. [niineral, and Gr. Xoyo?.] The sci- 
ence which treats of the properties of mineral substances, 
and teaches us to characterize, distinguish and class them 
according to their properties. 

t MING, V. t. To mingle ; to mix ; to remind ; to mention ; 
to call to remembrance. Bp. Hall. 

IMIN'GLE, V. t. [Sax. mengan, or mencgan.] 1. To mix; to 
blend ; to unite in one body. 2. To mix or blend without 
order or promiscuously. 3. To compound ; to unite in a 
mass, as solid substances. 4. To join in mutual inter- 
course or in society. 5. To contaminate ; to render im- 
pure ; to debase by mixture. 6. To confuse. 

MIN'GLE, V. i. To be mixed ; to be united with. 

[MIN^GLE, 77. Mixture; medley; promiscuous mass 

MIN'GLED, pp. Mixed ; united promiscuously. 

MIN'GLED-LY, adv. Confusedl}^ Barret. 

MIN'GIjE-MAN'GLE, 77. A medley ; a hotch-potch. Hooker. 

MIN'GLER, 77. One that mingles. 

MIN'GLING,p/7r. Mixing ; uniting without order. 

MINTARD, (min^yard) a. [Fr. inignard.] Soft ; dainty. 
[Little used.] 

MIN'IARD-IZE, V. t. To render soft, delicate or dainty. 

MINTATE, V. t. [It. ininiarc.] To paint or tinge with ver- 
milion. 

*MINTA-TURE, n. [It., S'p. miniatura.] 1. A painting in 
water colors on vellum, ivory or paper, with points or 
dots ; sometimes in oil colors. The term is usually appli- 
ed to portraits painted on a very small scale. 2. A picture 
or representation in a small compass, or less than the real- 
ity. 3. Red letter ; rubric distinction. 

MINT-KIN, a. [qu. W. 777.a7??.] Small; diminutive; used 
in slight contempt. 

MINT-KIN, 77. 1. A small sort of pins. 2. A darling ; a fa- 
vorite. See Minion. 

MINTM, 77. [W. 77777 777.] 1. A little man or being ; a dwarf. 
2. One of a certain reformed order of Franciscans or Min- 
imi. 3. A note in music, equal to half a semibreve or two 
crotchets. 4. A short poetical encomium ; [oZ/s.] 5. A 

small fish. 

f MINT-MENT, n. [from muniment.] Proof ; testimony. 
Spenser. 

MINT-MUM, 77. [L.] The least quantity assignable in a 
given case. Encyc. 

MINI-MUS, 77. [L.] A being of the smallest size. 

MINTNG, ppr. 1. Digging into the earth, as for fossils and 
minerals ; sapping. 2. a. Designating the business of dig- 
ging mines. 


t MINTON, a. Fine ; trim ; dainty. 

MINTON, (min'yun) n. [Fr. mignon.] A favorite ; a darling ; 
particularly, the favorite of a prince, on whom he lavish- 
es his favors ; one who gains favors by ffattery or mean 
adulation. 

MINTON, 77. [W. main.] A small kind of printing types. 

MINTON-ING, 77. Kind treatment. Marston. 

MI]\ TON-LIKE, I TT'ii-iolTr • rl'iiiitilTT' 

MINTON-IiY ^ adv. I inely , daintily. 

xMINTON-SIIIP, iu State of being a minion. 

MINTOUS, 77 . [from L. 777777777777.] Of the color of red lead 
or vermilion. Brown. 

t MINTSII, V. t. [L. 777 7 77UO.] To lessen ; to diminish. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BIILL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


MIN 


532 


MIR 


MIN'IS-TER, 71. [L.] 1. Pro/>eH7/, a chief servant ; hence, 
ail agent appointed to transact or manage business under 
the authority of another. 2. One to vviiom a king or 
prince intrusts the direction of affairs of state. 3. A 
magistrate ; an executive officer. 4. A delegate ; an em- 
bassador ; the representative of a sovereign at a foreign 
court. 5. One who serves at the altar ; one who performs 
acerdotal duties ; the pastor of a church. 6. Christ is 
called a minister of the sanctuary. Heb. viii. 7. An angel ; 
a messenger of God. 

MIN4S-TE11, V. t. [L. 77iinistro.] To give ; to afford j to 
supply. 

MIN'IS-TER, V. i. 1. To attend and serve ; to perform ser- 
vice in any office, sacred or secular. 2. To afford sup- 
plies ; to give things needful ; to supply the means of re- 
lief ; to relieve. 3. To give medicines. 

MIN'IS-TERED, pp. Served ; afforded ; supplied. 

M[N-IS-Te'RI-AL, a. 1. Attending fur service ; attendant ; 
actii.g at command. 2. Acting under superior authority ; 
pertaining to a minister. 3. Pertaining to executive offi- 
ces, as distinct from judicial. 4. Sacerdotal ; pertaining 
to ministers of the gospel. 5. Pertaining to ministers of 
state. 

MIN-IS-Te'RI-AL-LY, adv. In a ministerial manner. 

M[NffS-TER-ING, ppr. 1. Attending and serving as a subor- 
dinate agent ; serving under superior authority. Heb. i. 
2. Affording aid or supplies ; administering things needful. 

MIN'IS-TER-Y. See Ministry. 

MIN'IS-TRAL, a. Pertaining to a minister. [Little used.] 

MIN'IS-TRANT, a. Performing service as a minister ; at- 
tendant on service ; acting under command. 

MIN-IS-TRa'TION, 71. [L. mmistratio.] 1. Tlie act of per- 
forming service as a subordinate agent ; agency ; inter- 
vention for aid or service. 2. Office of a minister j ser- 
vice : ecclesiastical function. 

MIN'IS-TRESS, 71. A female that ministers. Akenside. 

MINffS-TRY, 71. [L. vtinisterium.] \. The office, duties 
or functions of a subordinate agent of any kind. 2. Agen- 
cy ; service ; aid ; interposition ; instrumentality. 3. Ec- 
clesiastical function ; agency or service of a minister of 
the gospel or clergyman in the modern church, or of 
priests, apostles and evangelists in the ancient. Acts i. 
4. Time of ministration ; duration of the office of a minis- 
ter, civil or ecclesiastical. 5. Persons who compose the 
executive government or tlie council of a supreme magis- 
trate ; the body of ministers of state. 6. Business ; em- 
ployment. 

MIN'IS-TRY-SHIP, for ministry ^ is little used and hardly 
proper. Swift. 

MINff-UM, 71. [L.] The red oxyd of lead. Fourcroy. 

MINK, 77. An American quadruped. Belknap. 

MIN'NOG, used by Shakspeare, is supposed by Johnson to 
be the same as minx. Gii. mimic. 

MIN'NoVV, or MlN'oW, n. [Fr. menu^ small.] A very 
small fish, a species of cypj'inus. Walton. 

MI'NOR, a. [L.] 1. Less; smaller; sometimes applied to 

the bulk or magnitude of a single object. — 2. In music^ 
less or lower by a lesser semitone. — ^Ssia Jilinor, the Les- 
ser Asia, that part of Asia which lies between the Euxine 
on the north, and the Mediterranean on the south. 

MI NOR, 71. 1. A person of either sex under age. — 2. In 
iog-ic, the second proposition of a regular syllogism. 3. A 
Minorite^ a Franciscan friar. 4. A beautiful bird of the 
East Indies. 

t MI'NOR-ATE, V. t. To diminish. 

MI-NOR- action, 71. A lessening ; diminution. 

MPNOR-ITE, 71. A Franciscan friar. ' 

MI-NOR'I-T Y, 71. [Fr. minorite.] 1. The state of being un- 
der age. 2. The smaller number. 

MIN'O-TAUR, 71. [Fr. minotaure ; L. minotaurus .] A fa- 
bled monster, half man and half bull. 

MINISTER, 71. [Sax. minstre^ or mynster.] A monastery ; 
an ecclesiastical convent or fraternity ; a cathedral church. 

MIN'STREL, 77. [Fr. inenetrier^ for menestrier ; Sp. minis- 
tril.] A singer and musical performer on instruments. 

MIN'STREL-SY, n. 1. The arts and occupations of min- 
strels ; instrumental music. 2. A number of musicians. 

MINT, 71. [Sax. mynet ; D. inunt, mint.] 1. The place 
where money is coined by public authority. 2. A place 
of invention or fabrication. 3. A source of abundant sun- 
ply. 

MINT, V. t. [Sax. mynetian .] 1. To coin ; to make and 

stamp money. 2. To invent ; to forge ; to fabricate. 

MINT, 77. [Sax. mint.] A plant. 

MINT'AGE, 77. 1. That which is coined or stamped. Mil- 
ton. 2. The duty paid for coining. 

MTNT'ER, 77. A coiner ; also, an inventor. 

MTNT'MAN, 77. Acoiner ; oneskilled in coiningor in coins. 

MINT'MXS-TER, n. 1. The master or superintendent of a 
mint. 2. One who invents or fiibricates. 

MIN'U-END, 77. [L. minuendus.] In arithmetic., the number 
from wliich another number is to be subtracted. ! 

MIN'U-ET, 77. [Sp. ininueto ; Fr. menuet.] 1. A slow, | 
graceful dance, consisting of a coupee, a high step and a i 


balance. 2. A tune or air to regulate the movements in 
the dance so called ; a movement of three crotchets or 
three quavers in a bar. 

MIN'UM, 77. [from W. main ,* Fr. menu.] 1. A small kind 
of printing types ; now written minion. 2. A note of 
slow time containing two crotchets ; now written minim. 

MI-NuTE', a. [L. minutus.] 1. Vary small, little or slen- 
der ; of very small bulk or size ; small in consequence. 2. 
Attending to small things ; critical. 

* MIN'UTE, (min'it) 77. [L. /? 77 / 777 t 77 / 77 .] 1. A small portion 

of time or duration, being the sixtieth part of an hour. — 

2. In geometry j the sixtieth part of a degree of a circle. — 

3. In architecture^ the sixtietli, but sometimes the thirti- 
eth part of a module. 4. A space of time indefinitely 
small. 5. A sliort sketch of any agreement or other sub- 
ject, taken in writing ; a note to preserve the memory of 
any thing. 

* MIN'UTE, (minfit) v. t. To set down a short sketch or 
note of any agreement or other subject in writing. 

MIN'UTE-BOOK, n. A book of short hints. 

MIN'UTE-GLASS, n. A glass, the sand of which measures 
a minute. 

MIN'UTE-GUNS, n. Guns discharged every minute. 

MIN'UTE-HAND, n. The hand that points to the minutes 
on a clock or watch. 

MIN'UTE-JA€K, n. Another name for Jack of the clock- 
house. 

MI-NuTE'LY, ado. To a small point of time, space or mat- 
ter ; exactly ; nicely. 

MIN'UTE-LY, (inin'it-ly) a. Happening every minute. 

MIN'U7'E-LY, adv. Every minute ; with very little time 
intervening. Hammond. 

MI-NuTE'NESS, n. 1. Extreme smallness, fineness or 
slenderness. 2. Attention to small things ; critical exact- 
ness. 

MIN'UTE-WATCH, 77. x\ watch that distinguishes minutes 
of time, or on which minutes are marked. 

MI-Nu'TIA3, 77. [L.] The smaller particulars. 

MINX, 77. [qu. 777777770 C.] 1. A pert, wanton girl. Shak. 2. 

A she-puppy. 

MI'NY, a. 1. Abounding with mines. 2. Subterraneous. 

t Mi'RA-BLE, a. Wonderful. Shak. 

MIR'A-GLE, 77. [Fr. ; L. ^niraculum.] 1. A wonder, or 
wonderful thing. — 2. In theology^ an event or effect con- 
trary to the established constitution and coui'se of things, 
or a deviation from the known laws of nature ; a super- 
natural event. 3. Anciently, a spectacle or dramatic repre- 
sentation exhibiting the lives of the saints. 

t MIR'A-€LE, 77. t. To make wonderful. Shak. 

MiR'A-€LE-M6N'GER, n. An impostor who pretends to 
work miracles. Hallywell. 

MI-RAG'U-LOUS, a. 1. Performed supernaturally, or by a 
power beyond the ordinary agency of natural laws ; ef- 
fected by the direct agency of almighty power. 2. Su- 
pernatural ; furnished supernaturally, or competent to 
perform miracles. — 3. In a less definite sense, wonderful ; 
extraordinary. 

MI-RA€ffJ-LOUS-LY, adv. 1. By miracle ; supernaturally. 
2. Wonderfully ; by extraordinary means. 

MI-RA€^U-LOUS-NESS, 77. The state of being effected by 
miracle or by supernatural agency. 

MlR-A-DoR', 77. [Sp.] A balcony or gallery commanding 
an extensive view. Dryden. 

MI-RAGE', (me-razhe') n. An optical illusion, which is 
produced by a refraction of the atmosphere, and which 
frequently tantalizes the eye of the thirsty traveler, when 
passing over buining deserts, with the image of water. 

MIRE, 77. Deep mud ; earth so wet and soft as to yield to 
the feet and to wheels. 

MIRE, v.t. 1. To plunge and fix in mire ; to set or stall in 
mud. 2. To soil or daub with mud or foul matter. 

MIRE, V. i. To sink in mud, or to sink so deep as to be un- 
able to move forward. 

MIRE, 77. An ant. See Pismire. 

MiRE'-€RoW, 77. The sea-crow or pewit gull. 

MiR'I-NESS, 77. The state of consisting of deep mud. 

t MiRK, a. [Sax. mirce.] Dark. See Murky. 

MiRK'SoME, a. Dark ; obscure. See Murky. 

MillK'SoME-NESS, 77. Obscurity. See Murky. 

MlRK'Y, a. Dark ; wanting light. 

MIR'ROR, 77. [Fr. 7777roi7*.] 1. A looking-glass ; any glass 

or polished substance that forms images by the reflection 
of rays of light. 2. A pattern ; an exemplar ; that on 
which men ought to fix their eyes ; that which gives a 
true representation. 

t MiR'ROR-STONE, n. A bright stone. 

MIRTH, 77. [Sax. mirht, myrhth.] Social merriment; hilar- 
ity ; high excitement of pleasurable feelings in company; 
noisy gayety ; jollity. 

MiRTlPFijL, a. Merry ; jovial ; festive. Prior. 

MiRTH'FijL-LY, adv. In a jovial manner. 

MiRTH'LESS, a. Without mirth or hilarity. 

MTR'Y, a. ]. Abounding with deep mud ; full of mire. Oay. 
2. Consisting of mire. Shak. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, Zo7i^.— FAR, 


FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, 


MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


MIS 


533 


MIS 


MI3, a prefix, denotes error, or erroneous, wrong, from the 
verb viisd', to err, to go wrong, Goth, missa ; Sax. 7 /iu>, 
from inLisian. to err, to deviate or wajider. 

MIS-AG-CEP-Ta'TION, n. The act of taking or under- 
standing in a wrong sense. 

MIS-AD-VENT'UHE, n. 1. Mischance; misfortune; ill 
luck ; an unlucky accident. — 2. In law, homicide by mis- 
adneuturc is when a man, doing a lawful act, without 
any intention of injury, unfortunately kills another. 

MIS- AD-VENT'URED, a. Unfortunate. Shak. 

INIIS-AD-ViS'ED, (mis-ad-vizd') a. lll-adyised ; ill-directed. 

MIS-AF-FEUT', v. t. To dislike. 

MIS-AF-FE€T'ED, a. Ill-disposed. 

MIS-AF-FiRM , V. t. To aftirm incorrectly. 

MIS-aIM'ED, (niis-amd') a. Not rightly aimed or directed. 

I\IIS-AL-LEDGE', (mis-al-lej') v. t. To state erroneously. 

IUIS-AL-LE-Ga'TION, n. Erroneous t5tatement. 

MIS-AL-LI^ANCE, n. Improper association. 

MIS-AL-LI'ED, (niis-al-llde') a. Ill-allied or associated. 

MIS^VN-TIIRoPE, or MIS-AN'TIIRO-PIST, w. [Gr./itaav- 
0po)7rof.] A hater of mankind. Swift. 

MlS-AN/rHROP/I€, or MtS-AN-THROP'I-€AL, a. Hating 
or having a dislike to mankind. 

MIS-AN'THRO-POS, n. A hater of mankind. 

]MIS-AN'THRO-PY, Hatred or dislike to mankind. 

MIS-AP-PLI-€a'TION, n. A wrong application ; an appli- 
cation to a wrong person or purpose. 

MIS-AP-PLPED, (mis-ap-plide') pp. Applied to a wrong 
person or purpose. 

MIS-AP-PTjY', V. t. To apply to a wrong person or purpose. 

MIS-AP-PLY TNG, ppr. Applying to a wrong person or pur- 
pose. 

MIS-AP-PRE-IIEND', v. t. To misunderstand ; to take in a 
wrong sense. Locke. 

MIS-AP-PIIE-HEND'ED, pp. Not rightly understood. 

MIS-AP-PRE-HENDTNG, ppr. Misunderstanding. 

MIS-AP-PRE-HEN'SION, ?f. A mistaking or mistake ; 
wrong apprehension of one’s meaning or of a fact. 

MIS-AS-CRiBE', V. t. To ascribe falsely or erroneously. 

MIS-AS-SiGN/, (mis-as-sine') v. t. To assign erroneously. 

ITIS-AT-TEND', t. To disregard. Milton. 

MIS-BE-U6ME', (mis-be-kum') v. t. Not to become ; to suit 
ill ; not to befit. Addison. 

MIS-BE-C6MTNG, ppr. or a. Unseemly ; unsuitable ; im- 
proper ; indecorous. 

MIS-BE-C6MTNG-NESS, n. Unbecomingness ; unsuitable- 
ness. Boyle. 

MLS-BE-GOT', ) ppr. or a. Unlawfully or irregularly 

MIS-BE-GOT'TEN, \ begotten. Drydea. 

MIS-BE-HaVE', V. i. To behave ill ; to conduct one’s self 
improperly. 

MIS-BE-I1aVE', r. t. To conduct ill or improperly. Jortin. 

MLS-BE-HaV'ED, (mis-be-havd') a. Guilty of ill behavior; 
ill-bred ; rude. _ 

MIS-BE-HaVTOR, (mis-be-hav^yur) n. Ill conduct ; im- 
proper, ru£le or uncivil behavior. Addison. 

MlS-BE-LlicF', n. Erroneous belief ; false religion. 

MIS-BE-LIkVE', V. t. To believe erroneously. 

MIS-BE-LIeVT']R, ??. One who believes wrongly ; one who 
holds a false religion. Dryden. 

MIS-BE-LIkVTNG, a. Believing erroneously ; irreligious. 

MIS-BE-SEEM', V. t. To suit ill. 

jMIS-BE-SToW', V. t. To bestow improperly. Milton. 

MIS'BORN, a. Born to evil. Spenser. 

MTS-€AL'€U-LATE, v. t. To calculate erroneously. 

MIS-€AL'GU-LA-TED, pp. Erroneously calculated. 

MIS-GAL'GU-LA-TING, ppr. Committing errors in calcula- 
tion. 

MTS-€AIj-€U-La'TION, n. Erroneous calculation. 

MIS-GAUL', V. t. To call by a wrong name ; to name im- 
properly. 

MI?'-CALTi'ED, (mis-kawld ) pp. IMisnamed. 

MIS-CAliliTNG, ppr. Misnaming. 

MIS-CAR'RIAGE, V. 1. Unfortunate event of an undertak- 
ing ; failure. 2. Ill conduct ; evil or improper behavior. 
3. Abortion ; the act of bringing forth before tiie time. 

MIS-GAR'RY, V. i. 1. To fail of the intended effect ; not to 
succeed ; to be unsuccessful ; to suffer defeat. 2. To bring 
forth young before the proper time ; to suffer abortion. 

MIS-€AR'R Y-ING, ppr. Failing of the intended effect ; suf- 
fering abortion. Hos. ix. 

MTS-CaST', t. ff’o cast or reckon erroneously. 

MIS-CaST', pp. Erroneously cast or reckoned. 

1\HP-CaST', 7j. An erroneous cast or reckoning. 

MfS-GASTTXG,j7pr. Casting or reckoning erroneously. 

MIS-CEL-LA-Na'RI-AN, a. Belonging to miscellanies ; of 
m iscella nies. Sliaftsbnry. 

MIS-CEL-LA-Na'RI-AN, n. A writer of miscellanies. 

MISUEL-IjANE, n. [L. miscellanrus .] A mixture of two 
or more sorts of grain ; now called meslin. 

IMIS-CEL-La'NE-OUS, a. [Ij. wiscellaneus.] Mixed; min- 
gled ; consisting of several kinds. Milton. 

MIS-CETj-TjA'NE-OUS-NES?, 71. The state of being mixed ; 
composition of various kinds. 


MIS'CEL-LA-NY, 71. _[Fr. 7niscellanees.'\ 1. A mass or 
mixture of various kinds ; particularly , 2. A book or 
pamphlet containing a collection of compositions on vari- 
ous subjects, or a collection of various kinds of composi- 
tions. 

t MltS'CEL-LA-NY, a. Miscellaneous. Bacon. 

t MIS-CEN'TRE, V. t. To place amiss. Donne. 

MLS-CHaNCE^, 70 111 luck; ill fortune; misfortune; mis- 
hap; misadventure. South. 


MIS-CHAR'AC-TER-iZE, v. t. To characterize falsrdy or 
erroneously ; to give a wrong character to. 
MIS-CHaRGE', V. t. To mistake in charging, as an ac- 
count. 


MIS-CHARGE', n. A mistake in charging, as an account ; 
an erroneous entry in an account. 

MIS'CIIIEF, (mis'chif) n. [Old Fy. meschef.] l.Harm; 
hurt ; injury ; damage ; evil, whetlier intended or not. 

2. Intentional injury ; harm or damage done by design. 

3. Ill consequence ; evil ; vexatious affair. 

MIS'CIIIEF, v.J. To hurt; to harm ; to injure. 

jMIS'CH1EF-IMaK-ER, 71. One who makes mischief; one 

w'ho excites or instigates quarrels or enmity. 

MIS'CIIIEF- JMaK-ING, a. Causing harm ; exciting enmity 
or quarrels. Rowe. 

MIS'CHIE-VOUS, (mis'che-vus) a. 1. Harmful ; hurtful ; 
injurious ; making mischief. 2. Hurtful ; noxious. 3. In- 
clined to do harm. 

MIS'CillE-VOUS-LY, adv. 1. With injury, hurt, loss or 
damage. 2. With evil intention or disposition. 

MIS'CHIE-VOUS-NESS, 7i. 1. Hurtful ness ; noxiousness. 
2. Disposition to do harm, or to vex or annoy. 

MISCll'NA, a. A part of the Jewish Talmud. See Mishna. 

MIS-CHOOSE', (mis-chooz') v. t. To choose wrong ; to 
make a wu*ong choice. Milton. 

MIS-CHoS'EN, pp. Chosen by mistake. 

MIS'CI-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be mixed. 

MIS-CI-Ta'TION, n. A wrong citation ; erroneous quota- 
tion. Collier. 

MIS-CITE', V. t. To cite erroneously or falsely. 

MIS-CLaIM', n. A mistaken claim or demand. 

IMIS-COM-PU-Ta'TION, n. Erroneous computation ; false 
reckoning. Clarendon. 

MIS-COM-BuTE', V. t. To compute or reckon erroneously. 

MIS-CON-CkIT', or MIS-CON-CEP'TION, n. Erroneous 
conception ; false opinion ; wrong notion or understand- 
ing of a tlihig. 

IMIS-CON-CkIVE', V. t. or i. To receive a false notion or 
opinion of any thing ; to misjudge ; to have an erroneous 
understanding of any thing. 

MIS-CON-Cj<:IV'ED, (mis-kon-seevd') pp. Wrongly under- 
stood ; mi^aken. 

MIS-CON-CkIV'ING, ppr. Mistaking; misunderstanding. 

MIS-CON'DUCT, n. Wrong conduct ; ill behavior ; ill man- 
agement. Addis 071. 

MIS-CON-DUCT', V. t. To conduct amiss ; to mismanage. 

MIS-CON-DUCT', V. i. To behave amiss. 

MIS-CON-DUCT'ED, pp. Ill-managed ; badly conducted. 

MIS-€’ON-DUCT'ING, ppr. Mismanaging ; misbehaving. 

MIvS-CON-JECT'URE, n. A wrong conjecture or guess. 

MIS-CON-JECT'URE, v. t. or i. To guess wrong. 

MIS-CON-STRUC'TION, ?i. Wrong interpretation of words 
or things ; a mistaking of the true meaning. 

MIS-CON'STRUE, v. t. To interpret erroneously either 
words or things. Dryden. 

MTS-CON'?TR UED, 27p. Erroneously interpreted. 

IMIS-CON'STRU-ER, n. One who makes a wrong interpre- 
tation. 

MIS-CON'STRU-ING, ppr. Interpreting wrongly. 

t MIS-CON-TIN'U-ANCE, ??. Cessation; intermission. 

MIS-COR-RECT', ri. t. To correct erroneously ; to mistake 
in attempting to correct another. D7-yden. 

MIE-COR-RECT'ED, pp. Mistaken in the attempt to cor- 
rect. 


MIS-COUN'SEL, r. t. To advise wrong. Spenser. 
MIS-COUNT', V. t. To count erroneously ; to mistake in 
counting. 


MIS-COUNT', V. i. To make a wrong reckoning. 
MIS-COUNT', n. An erroneous counting or numbering, 
t jMIS'CRE-ANCE, )n. Unbelief ; false faith; adherence 
t MIS'CRE-AN-CY, i to a false religion. Spenser. 
MIS'CRE-ANT, ??. \ Fr. 7uccreant.] 1. An infidel, or one 
who emliraces a false faith. 2. A vile wretch ; an unprin- 
cipled fellow. 

t MIS-CRE-aTE', ) a. Formed unnaturally or illegitimate- 
t IUIS-CRE-a'TED, \ ly ; deformed. 

MIS-DaTE', 71. A wrong date. 

MIS-DaTE', v.i. To date erroneously. 

MIS-DEED', 71 . An evil deed ; a wicked action. 
MIS-DEEM', V. t. To judge erroneously; to misjudge; to 
mistake in judging. Spenser. 

MIS-DE-MkAN', V. t. To behave ill. Shak. 
MIS-DE-MkAN'OR, 77 . 1. Ill behavior ; evil conduct ; fault ; 
mismanagement. South. — 2. In la7c, an offense of a less 
atrocious nature than a crime. Crimes and misdemeanors 


^ See Synoi7sis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BTJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete. 


MIS 


534 


MIS 


are mere synonymous terms ; but, in common usage^ the 
word crime is made to denote offenses of a deeper and 
more atrocious dye, while small faults and omissions of 
less consequence are comprised under the gentler name 
of misdemeanors. 

MIS-DE-RIVE', V. t. To turn or apply improperly. 

MIS-DE-SERT', n. Ill desert. Spenser. 

MIS-DE-Vo'TION, n. False devotion ; mistaken piety. 

t MIS-Dl'ET, n. Improper diet or food. Spenser. 

M 1 S-DI-RE€T', V. t. 1 . To give a wrong direction to. 2 . 
To direct to a wrong person or place. 

MIS-DI-RE€T'ED, Directed wrong, or to a wrong per- 
son or place. 

MIS-DI-RE€T'ING, 2 W- Directing wrong, or to a wrong 
person or place. 

t MIS-DIS-PO-Si"TION, n. Disposition to evil. Bp. Hall. 

MIS-DIS-TIN^GUISH, v. t. To make wrong distinctions. 

MIS-DO', V. t. To do wrong j to do amiss j to commit a 
crime or fault. Milton. 

MIS-Do'ER, n. One who does wrong j one who commits a 
fault or crime. Spenser. 

MIS-Do'ING, ppr. Doing wrong j committing a fault or 
crime. 

MIS-DOTNG, n. A wrong done j a fault or crime ; an of- 

■f*A 7 'ICP T IP (T P 

t IMIS-DOUBT', (mis-dout') v. t. To suspect of deceit or 
danger. Drrjden. 

t MIS-DOUBT', n. 1 . Suspicion of crime or danger. Shak. 

2 . Irresolution ; hesitation. Shale. 

t MIS-DOUBT'FTJL, a. Misgiving. Spenser. 

I MIS-DREAD', (inis-dred') n. Dread of evil. Bp. Hall. 

MISE, (meez) n. [Fr. mis ; Norm, mise.] 1 . In Zatr, an is- 
sue to be tried at the grand assize. 2 . Expense j cost. 

3 . A lax or tallage ; in Wales^ an honorary gift of the 
people to a new king or prince of Wales. 

t MIS-eASE', n. Uneasiness ; want of ease. Chaucer. 

t MIS-E-Di"TION, n. Not a genuine edition. Bp. Hall. 

MIS-EM-PLOY', V. t. To employ to no purpose, or to a bad 
purpose. Addison. 

MIS-EM-PLOY'ED, (mis-em-ployd') pp. Used to no pur- 
pose, or to a bad one. 

MIS-EM-PLOY ING, ppr. Using to no purpose, or to a bad 
one. 

MIS-EM-PLOY'MENT, ?f. Ill employment j application to 
no purpose, or to a bad purpose. Hale. 

MIS-EN'TRY, n. An erroneous entry or charge, as of an 
account. 

Mi'SER, n. [L. misc 7 \] 1 . A miserable person j one wretch- 
ed or afflicted ; [o&s.] 2 . A wretch ; a mean fellow j [065.] 
Shak. 3 . An extremely covetous person 3 a sordid wretch 3 
a niggard 3 one who in wealth makes himself miserable by 
the fear of poverty. 

MIS'ER-A-BLE, a. [Fr. miserable ; L. miserabilis.'\ 1 . 
Very unhappy from grief, pain, calamity, poverty, appre- 
hension of evil, or other cause. 2 . Very poor 3 worth- 
less. 3 . Causing unhappiness or misery. 4 . Very poor 
or mean. 5 . Very poor or barren. 6. Very low or despi- 
cable. 

MIS'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of misery 3 poorness. 

MIS'ER-A-BLY, adv. 1 . Unhappily 3 calamitously. 2 . 
Very poorly or meanly 3 w'retchedly. 3 . In misery or un- 
happiness. 

Mi'SER-LY, a. Very covetous 3 sordid 3 niggardly 5 parei- 
monious. 

MIS'ER-Y, n. [L. miseria.'] 1. Great unhappiness 3 extreme 
pain of body or mind. 2 . Calamity 3 misfortune 3 natural 
evils which are the cause of misery. 3 . Covetousness 3 
[0&5.] 

t MIS-E-STEEM', n. Disregard 3 slight. 

' MIS-ES'TI-MATE, v. t. To estimate erroneously. 

MIS-FALL', V. t. To befall, as ill luck 3 to happen to un- 
luckily. Spenser. 

MIS-FARE', n. Ill fare 3 misfortune. Spenser. 

t MIS-FARE', V. i. To be in an ill state. 

MIS-FASH'ION, (mis-fash'un) v. t. To form wrong. Haketcill. 

MIS-FeA'SANCE, (mis-fS'zanse) n. [Fr.] In law, a tres- 
pass 3 a wrong done. Encyc. 

t 1 \IIS-FETGN', (mis-fane') v. i. To feign with an ill design. 

MIS-FORM', V. t. To make of an ill form 3 to put in an ill 
shape. Spenser. 

MIS-FOR'TUNE, n. Ill fortune 3 ill luck 3 calamity 3 an 
evil or cross accident. Addison. 

MIS-FOR'TUNED, a. Unfortunate. Milton. 

MIS-GIVE', (mis-giv') v. t. 1 . To fill with doubt 3 to de- 
prive of confidence 3 to fail 3 usually applied to the heart. 
2 . To give or grant amiss 3 [ofts.] 

MIS-GiV'ING, ppr. Filling with doubt or distmst 3 fail- 
ing. 

MIS-GtV'ING, 71 . A failing of confidence 3 doubt 3 distrust. 

MIS-GOT'TEN, a. Unjustly obtained. 

MIS-G6V'ERN, v. t. To govern ill 3 to administer unfaith- 
fully. Knollcs. 

MIS-G6V'ERN-ANCE, n. Ill government 3 disorder 3 irreg- 
ularity. Spenser. 


* See Synopsis. i\, E, I, o, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, 


MIS-G6V'ERNED, pp. 1 . Ill-governed 3 badly administer- 
ed. 2 . Rude 3 unrestrained. Shak. 

MIS-G6V'ERN-xMENT, n. 1 . Ill administration of public 
affairs. 2 . Ill management in private affairs. 3 . Irreg- 
ularity 3 disorder. 

MIS-GRAFF', V. t. To graft amiss. 

MIS-GROUND', V. t. To found erroneously. Hall. 

MIS-GUID'ANCE, n. AVrong direction 3 guidance into er- 
ror. South. 

MIS-GUiDE', V. t. To lead or guide into error 3 to direct 
ill. 

MIS-GUiD'ED, pp. Led astray by evil counsel or wrong di- 
rectiom Prior. 

MIS-GUiD'ING, ppr. Giving wrong direction to 3 leading 
into error. 

MIS'GUM, ) n. An anguilliforra fish about the size of a 

MIS'GURN, j common eel. 

MIS-HAP', 77. Ill chance 3 ill luck 3 misfortune. Shak. 

MIS-HAP'PEN, V. i. To happen ill. Spenser. 

MIS-HeAR', V. t. To mistake in hearing. 

MISH'MASH, n. [Teut. misch-masch.'] A mingle, or hotch- 
potch. 

MISH'NA, 77. A collection or digest of Jewish traditions 
and explanations of Scripture. 

MISH'NIU, a. Pertaining or relating to the Mishna. 

MIS-IM-PROVE', (mis-im-proov') v. t. To improve to a 
bad purpose 3 to abuse. 

MIS-IM-PRoV'ED, (mi.s-im-proovd') pp. Used to a bad pur- 
pose. 

MlS-IM-PRoVE'MENT, (mis-im-proov'ment) n. Ill use or 
employment 3 improvement to a bad purpose. 

MIS-IN-FER', V. t. To draw a wrong inference. 

MIS-IN-FORM', t’. t. To give erroneous information to 3 to 
communicate an incorrect statement of facts. 

t MIS-IN-FORM', V. i. To make false information. 

MIS-IN-FORM-a'TION, 77. Wrong information 3 false ac- 
count or intelligence received. South. 

MIS-IN-FORM'ED, (mis-in-formd') pp. Wrongly informed. 

MIS-IN-FORM'ER, n. One that gives wrong information. 

MIS-IN-FORM'ING, ppr. Communicating erroneous in- 
formation to. 

MIS-IN-STRUUT', v. t. To instruct amiss. Hooker. 

MIS-IN-STRL€'TION, n. AVrong instruction. Moi’e. 

MIS-IN-TEL'LI-OENCE, n. W rong information 3 disagree- 
ment. 

MIS-IN-TER'PRET, v. t. To interpret erroneously 3 to un- 
derstand or to explain in a wrong sense. 

MIS-IN-TER-PRE-Ta'TION, 77. The act of interpreting 
erroneously. 

MIS-IN-TER'PRET-ED, a. Erroneously understood or ex- 
plained. 

MIS-IN-TER'PRET-ER, 77. One who interprets errone-r 
ously. 

MIS-IN-TER'PRET-ING, ppr. Erroneously interpreting. 

MIS-JOIN', V. t. To join unfitly or improperly. Dryden. 

MIS-JOIN'ED, (mis-joind') pp. Improperly united. 

MIS-JOIN'ING, ppr. Joining unfitly or improperly. 

MIS-JUDGE', (mis-judj') v. t. To mistake in judging of 3 to 
judge erroneously. H Estrange. 

MIS-JUDGE', (mis-judj') v. i. "To err in judgment 3 to form 
false opinions or notions. 

MIS-JUDG'ED, (mis-judjd') pp. Judged erroneously. 

MIS-JUDG'ING, ppr. Judging erroneously of 3 forming a 
wrong opinion or inference. 

MIS-JUDG'MENT, n. A wrong or unjust determination. 

MIS'KIN, n. A little bagpipe. 

MIS-KIN'DLE, V. t. To kindle amiss 3 to inflame to a bad 
purpose. 

MIS-LaID', 7)p. Laid in a wrong place, or place not recol- 
lected 3 lost. 

MIS-LaY', V. t. 1 . To lay in a wrong place. Locke. 2 . To 
lay in a place not recollected 3 to lose. Swift. 

MIS-LaY'ER, 77. One that lays in a wrong place 3 one that 
loses. Bacon. 

MIS-LaY'ING, ppr. Laying in a wrong place, or place not 
remembered 3 losing. 

MIS'LE, (miz'zl) r. i. [from mist, and properly mistle.] To 
raiii in very fine drops, like a thick mist. Gay. 

MIS'LE, 77. Small, misty rain. [See Mizzle.] In the Cra- 
ren dialect, mislin. 

MIS-LeAD', V. t. ; pret. and pp. misled. To lead into a 
wrong way or path 3 to lead astray 3 to guide into error 3 
to cause to mistake 3 to deceive. 

MIS-LeAD'ER, 77. One who leads into error. 

MIS-LeAD'ING, ppr. Leading into error 3 causing to err 3 
deceiving. 

t MIS-LEARN'ED, (mis-lernd') a. Not really or properly 
learned. 

MIS- LED', 77p. of mislead. Led into error 3 led a wron" 
way._ 

MIS-LiKE', V. t. To dislike 3 to disapprove 3 to have aver- 
sion to. Raleigh. 

MIS-LTKE', 77. Dislike 3 disapprobation 3 aversion. 

MIS-LiK'ED, (mis-likt') pp. Disliked 3 disapproved. 


rilAT 3— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3— | Obsolete 


MIS 


535 


MIS 


MIS-LTK'ER, n. One that dislikes. 

MIS-LIK'ING, ppr. Disliking; disapproving. 

MIS UN. See Meslin. 

IMIS-LiVE', (mis-liv ) v. i. To live amiss. Spenser, 

MIS-LUCK', n. Ill luck ; misfortune. 

MIS LY, a. Raining in very small drops. 

MIS-MAN'AGE, v. t. To manage ill ; to administer improp- 
erly. 

MIS-MAN'AGE, v. i. To behave ill ; to conduct amiss. 

MIS-MAN'AGED, pp. Ill-managed or conducted. 

MIS-MAA"'AGE-MENT, n. Ill or improper management ; 
ill conduct. 

MIS-MAN'A-GER, n. One that manages ill. Burke. 

MIS-MAN'A-(jING, ppr. Managing ill. 

MIS-MARK', V. t. To mark with the wrong token; to mark 
erroneously. Collier. 

MIS-MA.RK'ED, (mis-markt') pp. Wrongly marked. 

MIS-iMARK'ING, ppr. Marking erroneously. 

MIS-MATCIR, V. t. To match unsuitably. Southern. 

MIS-MATCH'ED, (mis-matcht') pp. Unsuitably matched ; 
ill joined. 

MIS-MATCITING, ppr. Matching in an unsuitable man- 
ner. 

MIS-MEAS'URE, (mis-mezh'ur)!’.?. Torneasure incorrectly. 

MIS-NaME', V. t. To call by the wrong name. Boyle. 

MIS-NaM'ED, (mis-namd') pp. Called by a wrong name. 

MIS-NaM'ING, ppr. Calling by a wrong name. % 

MIS-No'iMER, n. [Old Fr. vies and nornmer.'] In law^ the 
mistaking of tlie true name of a person ; a misnaming. 

I MIS-O-Be'DI-ENCE, n. Erroneous obedience or disobe- 
dience. Milton. 

MIS OB-SERVE', (mis-ob-zerv^) v. t. To observe inaccu- 
rately ; to mistake in observing. Locke. 

MI-SOG'A-MIST, n. [Gr. uiaeo) and yapog.] A hater of 
marriage. 

* MI-S06'Y-NIST, n. [Gr. piGco) and yvvrj.] A woman hat- 
er. [Unusual.] Fuller. 

* MI-SOG'Y-NY, n. Hatred of the female sex. 

MIS-O-PIN'ION, n. Erroneous opinion. Bp. Hall. 

I MIS-OR'DER, V. t. 1. To order ill ; to manage erroneous- 
ly. 2. To manage ill ; to conduct badly. Shak. 

t MIS-OR'DER, n. Irregularity; disorderly proceedings. 

MIS-OR'DER-LY, a. Irregular; disorderlv. Jlscham. 

MIS-PELL', MIS-PEND', &c. See Mis-spell, Mis- 
spend. 

MIS-PER-SUaDE', (mis-per-swade') v. t. To persuade amiss, 
or to lead to a wrong notion. Hooker. 

MIS-PER-SUa'SION, 11 . A false persuasion ; wrong notion 
or opinion. Decay of Piety. 

MIS-PIK'EL, 11 . Arsenical pyrites ; an ore of arsenic. 

MIS-PLaCE', V. t. 1. To put in a wrong place. 2. To place 
on an improper object. South. 

MIS-PLa'CED, (mis-plasP) pp. Put in a wrong place, or on 
an imjiroper object. 

MIS-PLa'CING, ppr. Putting in a wrong place, or on a 
wrong_object. 

IMIS-PLeAD', V. i. To err in pleading. Blackstone. 

MIS-PLeAD'ING, ppr. Making a mistake in pleading. 

MIS-PLeAD'ING, 11 . A mistake in pleading. 

MIS-POINT', V. t. To point improperly ; to err in punctua- 
tion. 

MIS-PRINT', V. t. To mistake in printing ; to print wrong. 

MIS-PRINT', 11 . A mistake in printing ; a deviation from 
the copy. Ch. Obs. 

MIS-PRINT'ED, pp. Erroneously printed. 

jMIS-PRINT'ING, ppr. Printing wrong. 

MIS-PRTSE', or MIS-PRlZE', v. t. [Fr. incpins.] 1. To 
mistake. Shak. 2. To slight or undervalue. 

MIS-PRIS'ION, (mis-prizh'un) 7?. 1. Neglect; contempt. — 
2. In late, any high offense under the degree of capital, 
but nearly bordering thereon. — .Misprision of treason con- 
sists in a bare knowledge and concealment of treason, 
without assenting to it. 3. Mistake ; oversight ; con- 
tempt ; [oZ/s.] 

MIS-PRO-CEED'ING, n. Wrong or irregular proceeding. 

MIS-PRO-FESS', V. t. To make a false profession ; to make 
pretensions to skill which is not possessed. 

MIS-PRO-NOUNCE', (mis-pro-noiins') v. t. To pronounce 
erroneously. 

MTS-PRO-NOUNCE', r. i. To speak incorrectly. 

MIS-PRO-NUN-CI-a'TION, n. A wrong or improper pro- 
nunciation. Sioift. 

jMIS-PRO-PoR'TION, r. t. To err in proportioning one 
thing to another ; to join without due jiroportion. 

t MIS-PROUD', a. Viciously proud. Shak. 

MIS-OIIO-Ta'TION, 11 . An erroneous quotation; the act 
of quotijig wrong. 

MIS-flUoTE', V. t. To quote erroneously ; to cite incor- 
rectly. 

MTS-Q.UoT'ED, pp. Incorrectly quoted or cited. 

MIS-Q,t^oT'ING, ppr. Cluoting or citing erroneously. 

IMIS-P aTE', t. To rate erroneously ; to estimate falsely. 

MIS-RE-CeIVE', V. t. To receive amiss or improperly. 


MIS-RE-CT'TAL, n. An inaccurate recital. 

MIS-RE-CiTE', V. t. To recite erroneously. Bramhall. 

MIS-RE-ClT'ED, pp. Recited incorrectly. 

MIS-KE-ClT'lNG, ppr. Reciting erroneously. 

MIS-REGK'ON, v. t. To reckon or impute wrong. 

MIS-RECK'ONED,pp. Reckoned or computed erroneously 

MIS-REGK'ON-ING, ppr. Reckoning wrong; and, as a 
noun, an erroneous computation. 

MIS-RE-LaTPI', V. t. To relate falsely or inaccurately. 

MIS-RE-LaT'ED, pp. Erroneously related or told. 

MIS-RE-LaT'ING, ppr. Relating or telling erroneously. 

MIS-RE-La'TION, 11 . Erroneous relation or narration. 

MIS-RE-MEM'BER, V. t. To mistake in remembering ; not 
to remember correctly. Boyle. 

MIS-RE-MEM'BERED, pp. Inaccurately recollected. 

MIS-RE-MEM'BER-ING, ppr. Rememberihg inaccurately. 

MIS-RE-PoRT', V. t. To report erroneously ; to give an in- 
correct account of. Locke. 

MIS-RE-PoRT', 11 . An erroneous report ; a false or incor- 
rect account given. South. 

MIS-RE-PoRT'ED, pp. Incorrectly reported. 

MIS-RE-PoRT'ING, ppr. Reporting incorrectly. 

MIS-REP-RE-SENT', v. t. To represent falsely or incor- 
rectly ; to give a false or erroneous representation, either 
maliciously, ignorantlv or carelessly. 

MIS-REP-RE-SEN-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of giving a 
false or erroneous representation. 2. A false or incorrect 
account given. 

MIS-REP-RE-.SENT'ED, pp. Falsely or erroneously repre- 
sented. 

MIS-REP-RE-SENT'ER, n. One who gives a false or er- 


roneous account. 

JMIS-REP-RE-SENT'ING, ppr. Giving a false or erroneous 
representation. 

MIS-RE-PuTE', V. t. To have in wrong estimation. 

MIS-RE-PuT'ED, pp. or a. Erroneously reputed. 

MIS-RuLE', 77. 1. Disorder; confusion; tumult from in- 
subordination. Pope. 2. Unjust domination. 

MIS-RU'LY, a. Unruly ; ungovernable ; turbulent. 

MISS, 77. [supposed by Bailey to be contracted from mis- 
tress. But probably it is from the Armoric in e s ell, u young 
lady, or contracted from Fr. demoiselle.] 1. The title of a 
young woman or girl. 2. A kept mistress ; a prostitute 
retained ; a concubine. 

MISS, v.t. [Sax. missian ^ D., G. 777755577 .] 1. To fail in 

aim ; to fail of reaching the object ; not to hit. 2. To fail 
of tiiiding the right way ; to err in attempting to find. 3. 
To fail of obtaining. 4. To learn or discover that some- 
thing is wanting, or not wliere it was supposed to be. 5. 
To be without; [obs.] 6. To omit; to pass by; to go 
without ; to fail to have. 7. To perceive the want of. 8. 
To fail of seeing or finding. 

MISS, V. i. 1. To fail to hit ; to fly wide ; to deviate from 
the true direction. 2. Not to succeed ; to fail. 3. To fail ; 
to miscarry, as by accident. 4. To fail to obtain, learn 
or find. 5. To fail ; to mistake. 

IMISS, 77. 1. Loss ; want. 2. Mistake ; error ; [little used.] 
3. Harm from mistake ; [ 065 .] 

MIS'SAL, 77. [It. messale j Fr. missel.] The Romish mass- 
book. Stilling fleet. 

MIS-Si\Y', V. i. To say wrong ; to slander. [Little used.] 
Spenser. 


MIS-SaY', r. i. To speak ill. Spenser. 

MIS-Sx\Y'ING, 77 . Wrong expression. Milton. 
MIS-SEEM', 7 \ 7 . 1. To make a false appearance. Spenser 
2. To misbecome ; [obs.] Spenser. 

MIS'SEL, 

MTS'SEL-BiRD, 
t MIS'SEL-DINE, 

JUlS-SEiM'BLANCE, 7 ?. False resemblance. Spelman. 
MIS-SEND', V. t. To send amiss or incorrectly. 
MIS-SERVE', (mis-serv') v. t. To serve unfaithfully. 
atlS'-SIlAPE', V. t. To shape ill ; to give an ill form to ; to 
deform. Spenser. 


11 . A species of thrush. 

11 . The mistletoe. Barret. 


^mis-sh:ipt') } pp. Ill-formed ; deformed 
) tigly. 


5IU-SI1aP'ED, 

MlS-SriAP'EN, 

MIS-SflAP'ING, ppr. Giving an ill shape to. 

MIS'SiLE, a. [L. missilis.] ^Thrown or sent, or that may 
be tl)rown. 

MISS'ING, ppr. 1. Failing to hit, to reach or to find ; dis- 
covering to be wanting. 2. a. Lost; absent from the 
place where it was expected to be found ; wanting. 

MIS'SION, 77 . [L. 77775570.] 1. A Sending or being sent, 

usually the latter ; a being sent or delegated by authorit}'^, 
with certain j>owers for transacting business; commis- 
sion. 2. Persons sent ; any number of persons appoint- 
ed by authority to perform any service ; particularly, the 
persons sent to propagate religion. 3. Dismission ; dis- 
charge from service ; [ 0 & 5 .] 4. Faction ; party ; [oZ>5.] 

MIS'SION-A-RY, 77 . [Fr. missionaire.] One sent to propa- 
gate religion. 

MLS'SION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to missions. 

MIS'SION-ATE, V. i. To perform the services of a mission- 
ary. .dn unauthorized word, sometimes used in .America, 


* See 


Synop, 


MIS 


536 


MIT 


f MIS-SION-ER, for missionary. 

MIS'SIVE, a. [Fr.] 1 . Such as is sent. 2 . Thrown or 
sent, or sucli as may be sent. Dryden. 

MfS'SiVE, n. A letter sent, or a messenger. Bacon. 
MIS-SPkAK', V. i. To err or mistake in speaking. 
MIS-SPicAK', V. t. To utter wrong. Donne. 

MIS-SPELL', V. t. To spell wrong 3 to write or utter with 
wrong letters. - 

MIS-SPELL'ED, (mis-speld') ) pp. Spelled wrong, or with 
MIS-SPELT', ) wrong letters. 

MIS-SPELL'ING, ppr. Spelling wrong. 

MIS-SPELL'ING, n. A wrong spelling 3 false orthogra- 

piiy- 

MIS-SPEND', V. t. 1 . To spend amiss 3 to waste or con- 
sume to no purpose, or to a bad one. 2 . To waste. 
MIS-SPEND'ER, n. One that consumes prodigally or im- 
properly. Morris. 

MIS-SPEND'ING, ppr. Spending to no purpose, or to a bad 


one. 

MIS-SPENSE', (mis-spens') n. A spending improperly 3 a 
wasting. 

MIS-SPEXT', ppr. Ill-spent 3 expended or consumed to no 
purpose, or to a bad one. 

MIS-SPOK'EN S spoken amiss. 

MIS-STaTE', V. t. To state wrong 3 to make an erroneous 
representation of facts. 

MIS-STaT'ED, pp. Stated erroneously. 

MIS-STaTE'MENT, n. A wrong statement 3 an erroneous 
representation, verbal or written. 

MIS-STaT'ING, ppr. Stating falsely or erroneously. 

MIS'SY, 71 . The sulphate of iron calcined. 

MIST, n. [Sax., D. 1 . Water falling in very nu- 

merous, but fine, and almost imperceptible drops. 2. 
That which dims or darkens, and obscures or intercepts 


vision. 

MIST, V. t. To cloud 3 to cover with vapor. Shak. 

MIST-EN-€UM'BERED, a. Loaded with mist. J. Bar- 
low. 

MIS-TaK'A-BLE, a. That may be mistaken. 

MIS-TaKE', v.t. 1 . To take wrong 3 to conceive or un- 
derstand erroneously 3 to misunderstand or misappre- 
hend. 2 . To take one thing or person for another. 

MIS-TaKE', v.i. To err in opinion or judgment. 

MIS-TaKE', n. 1 . An error in opinion or judgment 3 mis- 
conception. 2 . A slip 3 a fault 3 an error. 

MIS-TaK'EN. In the use of this participle, there is a pe- 
culiarity which ought to be carefully noticed. When 
used of persons, it signifies to be in an error, to he wrong ; 
as, I am mistaken, you are mistaken, he is mistaken. But 
when used of things, it signifies misnndcrstood, misconceiv- 
ed ; as, the sense of the passage is mistaken, that is, not 
rightly understood. 

MIS-TaK'ER, n. One that mistakes or misunderstands. 

MIS-TaK'ING, ppr. Making a mistake 3 erring from the 
truth 3 misconceiving. 

MIS-TaK'ING, 71 . An error 5 a mistake. Hall. 

MIS-TaK'ING-LY, adv. Erroneously 3 falsely. Boyle. 

MIS-TAUGHT', pp. Wrongly taught. HEstrange. 

MIS-TeACH', V. t. To teach wrong 3 to instruct errone- 
ously. Sanderson. 

MIS-TeACH'ING, ppr. Instructing erroneously. 

MIS-TELL', V. t. To tell erroneously. 

MIS-TEM'PER, V. t. To temper ill 3 to disorder. 

MIS-TEM'PERED, pp. Tempered ill. 

MIS'TER, n. [The pronunciation of this word is probably 
from the Welsh, German or Dutch dialect. See Master.] 
The common title of address to gentlemen, and to men of 
all classes. In writing, it is expressed by the abbrevia- 
tion Mr. 

■f MIS'TER, V. t. [Sw. mista.'] To occasion loss. 

MIS-TERM', V. t. To term or denominate erroneously. 

MIS-TERM'ED, (mis-termd') pp. Wrongly denominated. 

MIS-TERM'ING, ppr. Denominating erroneously. 

MIST'FUL, a. Clouded with mist. 

MIS-TIHNK', V. i. To think wrong. [Little used.] Shak. 

MIS-THOUGHT', pp. misthink. Thought wrong of. 

MIS-TIME', v.t. To time wrong 3 not to adapt to the 
time. 

MIS-TIME', V. i. To neglect the proper time. 

MIS-TiM'ED, (mis-timd') pp. Ill-timed 3 done at a wrong 
time^ 

MIS-TIM'ING, 2 W‘ Ill-timing 3 doing unseasonably. 

MIST'I-NESS, n. A state of being misty 3 a state of thick 
rain in very small drops. Bacon. 


MIS'TION, n. [L. mistus, mixtus.] 1 . A state of bein 
mixed. 2 . Mixture 3 a mingling. Boyle. 

MIS-TI'TLE, V. t. To call by a wrong title or name. 
MIS-Ti'TLED, pp. Wrongly named. 

MIS'TLE, (miz'l) v. i. To fall in very fine drops, as rain 
See Missle. 

MIS'TLE-ToE, I i '>^istelta..] A plar 


MIS'LE-TOE, 


or shrub that grows 


trees, and was held in great veneration by the Druids. 


MIST'LTKE, a. Resembling mist. Shak. 

MIS-ToLD', pp. Erroneously told. See Tell. 

MIS-TOOK', pret. of mistake. 

MIS-TRAIN', V. t. To train or educate amiss. 

MIS-TRANS-LaTE', V. t. To translate erroneously. 

MIS-TRANS-LaT'ED, pp. Erroneously rendered into an- 
other language. 

MIS-TRANS-LaT'ING, pp?’. Translating incorrectly. 

]MIS-TRANS-La'TION, n. An erroneous translation or 
version. 

MIS'TRESS, n. [Fr. maitresse ; It. maestra, maestressa."] 
1 . A woman who governs. 2 . The female head of a fam- 
ily. 3 . That which governs 3 a sovereign. 4 . One that 
commands, or has possession and sovereignty. 5 . A fe- 
male who is well skilled in any thing. 6. A woman 
teacher 3 an instructress of a school. 7 . A woman belov- 
ed and courted. 8. A woman in keeping for lewd pur- 
poses. 9 . A term of contemptuous address; 

MIS'TRESS, V. t. To wait upon a mistress 3 to be court- 
ing. 

MIS'TRESS-PIeCE, n. Chief ornament 3 capital distinc- 
tion, as applied to a woman. Lord Herbert. 

MIS'TRESS-SIIIP, 71 . Female rule or dominion. 

MIS-TRUST', n. [Dan. mistrost.l Want of confidence or 
trust 3 suspicion. Milton. 

MIS-TRUST', v.t. [Dim. mistroer.'] To suspect 3 to doubt 3 
to regard with jealousy or suspicion. 

MIS-TRUST ED, pp. Suspected. 

MIS-TRUST'FUL, a. Suspicious 3 doubting 3 wanting con- 

in W fill P7* 

MIS-TRUST'FUL-NESS, n. Suspicion 3 doubt, 

MIS-TRUST'FUL-LY, adv. With suspicion or doubt. 

MIS-TRUST'ING, ppr. Suspecting 3 having no confidence 
in. 

MIS-TRUST'ING-LY, adv. With distrust or suspicion. 

MIS-TRUST'LESS, a. Unsuspecting 3 unsuspicious. 

MIS-TuNE'.v. t. To tune wrong or erroneously 3 to put out 
of tune. Skelton. 

t MIS-TURN', V. t. To pervert. 

MIS-TU'TOR, V. t. To instruct amiss. 

MIST'Y, a. 1 . Overspread with mist 3 filled with very mi- 
'nute drops of rain. 2 . Dim 3 obscure 3 clouded. 

MIS-UN-DER-STAND', v. t. To misconceive 3 to mistake 3 
to take in a wrong sense. Addison. 

MIS-UN-DER-STAND'ING, ppr. Mistaking the meaning. 

MIS-UN-DER-STAND'ING, 71 . 1 . Misconception 3 mistake 
of tlie meaning 3 error. Bacon. 2 . Disagreement 3 differ- 
ence 5 dissension. Swift. 

MIS-UN-DER-STOOD', pp. Misconceived 3 mistaken 3 un- 
derstood erroneously. Smith. 

MIS-US'AGE, (mis-yu'zaje) n. Ill usage 3 abuse. 

MIS-USE', (mis-yuze') v. t. [Fr. mesuser.] 1 . To treat or 
use improperly 3 to use to a bad purpose. Milton. 2 . To 
abuse 5 to treat ill. 

MIS-USE', (mis-yuse') n. 1 . Ill treatment 3 improper use 3 
employment to a bad purpose. 2 . Abuse 3 ill treatment. 
3 . Wrong application 3 misapplication 3 erroneous use. 

MIS-US'ED, (mis-yuzd') pp. Improperly used or applied 3 
misapplied 3 misemployed 3 abused. 

MIS-US'ING, (mis-yu'zing) pp?’. Using improperly 3 abus- 
ing 3 misapplying. 

MIS-VOUCH', t’. t. To vouch falsely. 

t MIS-WEaR', V. t. To wear ill. Bacon. 

MIS-WED', V. t. To wed improperly. 

MIS-WED'DED, pp. Ill-matched. 

MIS-WEEN', V. i. To misjudge 3 to distrust. Spenser. 

t MIS-WEND', V. i. To go wrong. Spenser. 

MIS-WRiTE', V. t. To write incorrectly. Bp. Cosin. 

MIS-WROUGHT', (mis-rawt') a. Badly wrought. 

MIS'Y. See Missy. 

MIS-YoKE', V. t. To yoke improperly. Milton. 

MIS-ZEAL'OUS, (mis-zel'us) a. Actuated by false zeal. 

MITE, 77-. [Sax. mite ; Fr. mite.] 1 . A very small insect of 
the genus acams. — 2 . In Scripture, a small piece of money, 
the quarter of a denarius, or about seven English far- 
things. 3 . Any thing proverbially very small 3 a very 
little particle or quantity. 4 . The twentieth part of a 
grain. 

MI-TEL'LA, 77. A plant. 

MITH'IC. See Mythic. 

MITH'RI-DATE, n. In pharmacy, an antidote against poi- 
son. It takes its name from Mithridates, king of Pontus, 
the inventor. 

MITII-RI-DAT'I€, a. Pertaining to mithridate, or its in- 
ventor, Mithridates. 

MIT'I-GA-BLE, a. That may be mitigated. Barrow. 

MIT'I-GANT, a. [L. mitigans.] 1 . Softening 3 lenient 3 
lenitive. 2 . Diminishing 3 easing 3 as pain. 

MIT'I-GATE, V. t. [L. mitigo.] 1 . To alleviate, as suffer- 
ing 3 to assuage 3 to lessen. 2 . To make less severe. 3 . 
To abate 3 to make less rigorous 3 to moderate. 4. To 
temper 3 to moderate 3 to soften in harshness or severity. 
5 . To calm 3 to appease 5 to moderate. 6. To diminisli 3 
to render more tolerable. 7 . To reduce in amount or 


*See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3— f Obsolete. 


MOB 537 MOD 


severity. 8. To soften, or make mild and accessible; in 
a literal sense. 

MIT'l-GA-Tl^D, pp. Softened; alleviated; moderated; di- 
minished. 

MIT'l-GA-TING, ppr. Softening ; alleviating ; tempering ; 
moderating ; abating. 

M1T-1-Ga'T10N, n. [L. mitigatio.'] Alleviation ; abatement 
or diminution of any thing painful, harsh, severe, afflict- 
ive or calamitous. 

MIT'I-G A-TIVE, a. Lenitive; tending to alleviate. 

MIT'I-GA-TOR, n. He or that which mitigates. 

MI'TRE, ) n. [it., Sp. mitra ; Fr. 7nitre.'] 1. A sacerdotal 

MI'TER, i ornament worn on the head by bishops and 
certain abbots on solemn occasions. — 2. In architecture, 
an angle of 45®. — 3. In Irish histanj, a sort of base money 
or coin. — 4. Figuratively, tlie dignity of bishops or abbots. 

MI TRE, V. t. l.'^To adorn with a mitre. 2. To unite at an 
angle of 45®. 

MRTRED, p/>. or a. 1. Wearing a mitre. 2. Honored with 
the privilege of wearing a mitre. 3. Cut or joined at an 
angle of 45®. 

MIT'TEN, n. [Fr. mitnine.'] 1. A cover for the hand, worn 
to defend it trom cold or other injury. 2. A cover for the 
arm only. — To handle without mittens, to treat roughly ; a 
colloquial phrase. 

f MIT'TEN'I\ a. [h. mittens.] Sending forth ; emitting. 

MlT'Ti-MUS, 7i. [L. we send.] 1. In iaw, a warrant from a 
justice of commitment to prison. 2. A writ for removing 
records from one court to another. 

MI'TU, n. A fowl of the turkey kind, found in Brazil. 

MFTY, a. [from mite.] Having or abounding with mites. 

MIX. V. t. i pret. and pp. mixed, or mixt. [Sax. miscau ; G. 
7iiischen ; h. misceo, 7nixtum.] 1. To unite or blend pro- 
miscuously two or more ingredients into a mass or com- 
pound. 2. To join ; to associate ; to unite with in com- 
liany. 3. To join ; to mingle. 4. To unite with a crowd 
or multitude. 

MIX, 0 . i. 1. To become united or blended promiscuously 
in a mass or compound. 2. To be joined or associated. 

MIXED, pp. 1. United in a promiscuous mass or compound ; 
blended ; joined ; mingled ; associated. 2. a. Promiscu- 
ous ; consisting of various kinds or different things. 

MIX'EN, 71. A dunghill ; a laystall. Johnso7i. 

MIX'ER, 71. One who mixes or mingles. 

MIX'ING,ppr. Uniting or blending in a mass or compound ; 
joining in company ; associating. 

MlX-Tl-LIN'E-AL, ) a. [L. mixtus and linea.] Containing 

MIX-TI-LIN'E-AR, I a mixture of lines. ' 

MIX'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. i/nztits.] Mixture; promiscuous 
assemblage. Brow7i. 

MIXT'LY, adc. With mixture. Bacon. 

MIXT'URE, 71. [L. 7iiixtura.] 1 . The act of mixing, or state 
of being mixed. 2. A mass or compound, consisting of 
different ingredients blended without order. 3. The in- 
gredient added and mixed. — 4. In phar/nacy, a liquid 
medicine. — 5. In chemistry , the blending of several ingre- 
dients without an alteration of the substances. In combi- 
7iation, the substances unite by chemical attraction, and, 
losing their distinct properties, they form a compound 
differing in its properties from either of the ingredients. 

MIZ'MAZE, n. A cant word for a maze or labyrinth. 

MIZ'ZEN, (mizhi) n. [It. 7neiza7ia.] In sea-language, the 
aftermost of the fixed sails of a ship. 

MIZ'ZEAi-MaST, 71. The mast which supports the after- 
sails, and stands nearest to the stern. 

MIZ'ZLE, 71. Small rain. 

MIZ'ZLE, v.i. To mistle. See Mistle. 

MIZ'ZY, 71. A bog or quagmire. Jiinsworth. 

IMNE-MOX'IC, (ne-monhk) a. Assisting the memory. 

MNE-MONffCS, n. [Gr. pryizoviKog.] The art of memory ; 
precepts and rules for assisting the memory. 

t MO, a. [Sax. ma ; Scot, mw.] More, Speiiser. 

MoAX, V. t. [Sax. mwnan.] To lament ; to deplore ; to be- 
wail with an audible voice. 

MoAN, V. i. To grieve ; to make lamentations. 

MoAN, V. Lamentation; audible expression of sorrow; 
grief expressed in words or cries. 

MoANED, pp. Lamented ; deplored. 

MoAXTlJL, a. Sorrowful ; expressing sorrow. 

BioAN'FlIL-LY, adv. With lamentation. 

MoANRNG, ppr. Lamenting ; bewailing. 

MoAT, 7?. [\y. 7iwta ; Fi. 7uotte.] In for tijication, n. ditch or 
deep trench round the rampart of a castle or other fortilied 
place. 

MoAT, V. t. To surround with a ditch for defense. 

MOB, 71. [from L. 7nobilis.] 1. A crowd or promiscuous 
multitude of people, rude, tumultuous and disorderly. 2. 
A disorderly assembly. 3. A huddled dress. 

MOB, G 1. attack in a disorderly crowd ; to harass 
tumultuously. 2. To wrap up in a cowl or vail. 

MOB'BISH, a. Like a mob ; tumultuous ; mean ; vulgar. 

MOB'OAP, 71. \\).7nop.] A plain cap or head-dress for fe- 
iiinlcs 

* t Mo'BILE, a. [Fr.] Movable. Skelton. 


* IMo'BiLE, 71. [Fr. ; L. 7nobilis.] The mob ; the populace. 
South. 

Prihmun moWi-le, 71. [L.] In the a 7 icient astro 7 io 7 ny, a ninth 
heaven or sphere, supposed to be beyond the fixed stars, 
and to be the first mover of all the lower spheres. 

MO-BIL'I-TY, 71. [Fr. 7nobilite ; L. mobilitas.] 1. Suscepti- 
bility of motion ; capacity of being moved. 2. Aptitude 
to motion ; activity ; readiness to move. — 3. In cant lan- 
guage, the populace. 4. Fickleness ; inconstanc 5 G 

MOB'LE, (mob'bl) v. t. To wrap the head in a hood. Shak. 

MOe'0A-SON, 71. A shoe or cover for the feet, without a 
sole ; the customary shoe worn by the native Indians. 

Mo'UHA-STONE, it. [from Mocha.] Dendritic agate. 

MO€K, v.t. [Fy. moquer.] 1. To imitate in contempt or 
derision ; to mimick for the sake of derision ; to deride by 
mimicry. 2. To deride ; to laugh at; to ridicule ; to treat 
with scorn or contempt. 3. To defeat ; to illude ; to dis- 
appoint ; to deceive. 4. To fool ; to tantalize ; to play on 
in contempt. 

]MO€K, V. 1 . To make sport in contempt or in jest, or to 
speak jestingly. 

MO€K, 71 . 1. Ridicule ; derision ; sneer ; an act manifesting 
contempt. 2. Imitation ; mimicry ; [little used.] 

MO€K, a. False; counterfeit ; assumed; imitating reality, 
but not real. 

MOUK'-LEAD, or MOGK'-oRE, n. A sulphuret of zink, the 
same as blend, which see. * 

MO€K'-OR-AXGE, it. A plant of the genus philadclphus. 

MOCK'-PIUV'ET, 71. A plant of the genus p hilly rea. 

MOUK'A-BLE, a. Exposed to derision. [Little used.] Shak. 

t MOUK'AGE, 71. Mockery. Klyot. 

MOGKED, pp. Imitated or mimicked in derision ; laughed 
at; ridiculed; defeated; illuded. 

MOUK'ER, 71 . 1. One that mocks ; a scorner ; a scoffer ; a 
derider. South. 2. A deceiver ; an impostor. 

MO€K'ER-Y, a. 1. The act of deriding and exposing to 
contempt, by mimicking the words or actions of another. 
2. Derision ; ridicule ; sportive insult or contempt ; con- 
temptuous merriment at persons or things. 3. Sport ; 
subject of laughter. 4. Vain imitation or effort; that 
which deceives, disappoints or frustrates. 5. Imitation ; 
counterfeit appearance ; false show. 

MO€K' E-SON, 71. The name of a serpent. 

MO€KTNG,;ipr. Imitating in contempt ; mimicking; ridi- 
culing by mimicry ; treating with sneers and scorn ; de- 
feating; deluding. 

MOUK'ING, 71. Derision; insult. 

MOGK'ING-BiRD, 71. The mocking thrush of America; a 
bird of the genus turdus. 

MOGKTNG -LY, adv. By way of derision ; in contempt. 

MOUKTNG-STOUK, n. A butt of sport. 

MOU'KLE. See Mickle. 

Mo'DAL, a. Consisting in mode onl)'^ ; relating to form ; 
having the form without the essence or reality. 

MO-DAL'I-TY, 71 . The quality of being modal, or being in 
form only. 

MOD'DER, 71. A wench, or girl. Iluloct. 

MODE, 71 . [Fr. mode ; L. 7uodus ; Sp., It. modo.] 1. Man- 
ner of existing or being ; manner ; method ; form ; fas.h- 
ion ; custom ; way. 2. Gradation ; degree. 3. State ; 
quality. Shak. — 4. In 7netaphysics, the dependence or af- 
fection of a substance.— 5. In music, a regular disposition 
of the air and accompaniments relative to certain princi- 
pal sounds.— 6. In grammar, a particular manner of con- 
jugating verbs ; usually written mood. [Sec Mood.] 7. 
A kind of ^ilk. 

MOD'EL, (hiod'dl) n. [Fr. 7nodelle.] 1. A pattern of some- 
thing to be made ; any thing of a particular form, shape or 
construction, intended for imitation ; a small pattern ; a 
form in miniature. 2. A mold ; something intended to 
give shape to castings. 3. Pattern ; example. 4. Stand- 
ard ; that by which a thing is to be measured.— 5. In 
painting and sculpture, that which is to be copied or imi- 
tated. °6. A pattern; any thing to be imitated. 7. A 
copy ; representation ; something made in imitation of 
real life. 

MOD'EL, V. t. [Fr. znodeler.] To plan or form in a particu- 
lar manner ; to shajie ; to imitate in planning or forming 

MOD'ELED, pp. Formed according to a model ; planned ; 
shaped ; formed. 

MOD'EL-ER, 71 . A planner; a contriver. Spectator. 

MOD'EL-ING, ppr. Forming according to a model ; plan- 
ning ; forming ; shaping. 

t MOD ER-A-BLE, a. [L. modcrabilis.] Temperate ; meas- 
urable ; governable. . . 

MOD'ER-ATE, a. [L. moderatus.] 1. Literally, limited ; 
restrained ; hence, temperate ; observing reasonable 
bounds in indulgence. 2. Limited in quantity ; not ex- 
cessive or expensive. 3. Restrained in passion, ardor or 
temper; not violent. 4. Not extreme in opinion. 5. 
Placed between extremes ; holding the mean or middle 
place. 6. Temperate ; not extreme, violent or rigorous. 
7. Of a middle rate. 8. Not swilt. , . , 

MOD'ER-ATE, v. t. 1. To restrain from excess of any kind *, 


* Sec Sij7iopsis. Move, book , dove BljLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CTI as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


MOD 


538 MOL 


to reduce from a state of violence ; to lessen j to allay ; to 
repress. 2. To temper ; to make temperate ; to qualify. 

MOD Eit-ATE, V. i. To become less violent, severe, rigor- 
ous or intense. 

MOD'ER-A-TED, pp. Reduced in violence, rigor or intensi- 
ty ; allayed ; lessened j tempered ; qualitied. 

MOD'ER-ATE-L V", ady. 1. Temperately; mildly; without 
violence. 2. In a middle degree ; not excessively. 

MOD'ER-ATE-NESiS, n. State of being moderate ; temper- 
ateness ; a middle state between extremes. 

AIOD'ER-A-TING, ppr. Reducing in violence or excess ; al- 
laying ; tempering ; becoming more mild. 

M0I)-ER-A'T10N, /t. ^Ij. moderatio.'] 1. The state of being 
moderate, or of keeping a due mean between extremes or 
excess of violence. 2. Restraint of violent passions or in- 
dulgence of appetite. 3. Calmness of mind ; equanimity. 
4. Frugality in expenses. 

MOD-ER-aTOR, 11 . 1. He or that which moderates or re- 
strains. 2. The person who presides over a meeting or 
assembly of people to preserve order, and regulate the 
proceedings. 

3MOD-ER-a'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of a moderator. 

MOD'ERN, a. \Yr.modcrnej It., Sp. ?Hodc7-no.] 1. Pertain- 
ing to the present time, or time not long past ; late ; re- 
cent ; not ancient or remote in past time. 2. Common ; 
mean ; vulgar ; [o&s.] 

I\I0D'ERN-1SM, 7j. Modern practice ; something recently 
formed, particularly in writing. Swift. 

MOD'ERN-IST, n. One who admires the moderns. 

MOD'ERN-IZE, V. t. To render modern ; to adapt ancient 
compositions to modern persons or things, or rather to 
adapt the ancient style or idiom to modern style and 
taste. 

MOD'ERN-lZED, pp. Rendered conformable to modern 
usage. 

MOD'ERN-iZ-EPt, n. He that renders modern. 

MOD'ERN-lZ-lNG, ppr. Rendering modern. 

t MOD'ERN-LY, adv. In modern times. Milton. 

MOD'ERN-NESS, n. The quality of being modern ; recent- 
ness ; novelty. 

MOD'ERiNS, 11 . pill. Those who have lived in times recent- 
ly past, or are now living ; opposed to the ancients. 

MOD'EST, a. [Fr. modeste j L. mcdestus.] 1. Properly , 
restrained by a sense of propriety ; hence, not forward or 
bold ; not presumptuous or arrogant ; not boastful. 2. 
Not bold or forward. 3. Not loose ; not lewd. 4. Mod- 
erate ; not excessive or extreme ; not extravagant. 

MOD'EST-LY, ady. 1. Not boldly; not arrogantl}^ or pre- 
sumptuously ; with due respect. 2. Not loosely or wan- 
tonly ; decently. 3. Not excessively ; not extrava- 
gantly. 

MOD'EST-Y, n. [L. modestia.] 1. That lowly temper 
which accompanies a moderate estimate of one’s own 
worth and importance. 2. Modesty^ as an act or series of 
acts, consists in humble, unobtrusive deportment. 3. 
Moderation ; decency. — 4. In females^ modesty has the 
like character as in males ; but the word is used also as 
synonymous \yith chastity, or purity of manners. 

MOD'EST-Y-PIeCE, n. A narrow lace worn by females 
over the bosom. Addison. 

MO-DI-a'TION, n. [L. modiatio.'] A measure. 

j MO-DICT-TY, n. [Tr. modicite, from L. modicus.] Moder- 
ateness ; meanness ; littleness. Cot^rave. 

]MOD'I-€UM, n. [L.] A little ; a small quantity. Dryden. 

MOD'I-FI-A-BLE, a. That may be modified or diversified 
by various forms and diflerences. Locke. 

t MO-DIFR-GA-BLE, a. Diversifiable by various modes. 

M0D-I-FI-Ga'T10N, n. 1. I'lie act of modifying, or giving 
to any thing new forms, or diflTerences of external quali- 
ties or modes. 2. Particular form or manner. 

MOD'1-FIEI), pp. I. Changed in form or external qualities ; 
varied; diversified. 2. 'Moderated ; tempered; qualified 
in exceptionable parts. 

MOD'I-FT-ER, 11 . He or that which modifies. 

MOD'I-FY, V. t. [Fr. modifier ; L. inodificor.] 1. To change 
the form or external qualities of a thing ; to shape ; to give 
a new form of being to. 2. To vary ; to give a new form 
to any thing. 3. To moderate ; to qualify ; to reduce in 
extent or degree. 

IVIOD'I-FY, V. i. To extenuate. TPEstranrre. 

MOD'I-FY-ING, ppr. Changing the external qualities ; giv- 
ing a new form to ; moderating. 

MO-l)f LEMON, (mo-di!'yun) v. [It. modifflione ; Fr. inodil- 
hin.'] in architecture, an ornament in the cornice of the 
Tonic, Corinthian and Composite columns. 

r.ld'DTFI!, a. Acconling to tlm mode or customary manner ; 
fiishionahle. Dryden. 

Md'i)iyil-Ij Y, ndc. Fashionably ; in the customary mode. 
Jjocke. 

MoM)ISII-NEBS, 77. 1. The state of being fashionable. 2. 
Affiectation of the fiishion. .Johnson. 

MODMJ-LAM'E, v. t. [L. inodulor.] 1. To form sound to a 
certain key, or to a certain proportion. 2. 'J'’o vary or in- 
flect soqjid in a natural, customary or musical manner. 


MOD'U-LA-TED, pp. Formed to a ccitain key ; varied ; 
inflected. 

MOD'U-LA-TING, ppr. Forming to a certain proportion; 
varying ; inflecting. 

MOD-U-La'TION, 7i. [L. mcdulatio j Fr. modulation.] 1. 
'Phe act of forming any thing to a certain proportion. 2. 
The act of inflecting the voice in reading or speaking ; a 
rising or falling of the voice. — 3. in music, the art of com- 
posing melody or harmony agreeable to the laws pre- 
scribed. 4. Sound modulated ; melody. 
MOD'U-IiA-TOR, 77. He or that which modulates. 
MOD'ULE, 71 . [Fr. ; L. 77U7rf7th/s.] 1. A model or represen- 
tation. — 2. In architecture, a certain measure or size, taken 
at pleasure, for regulating the proportion of columns, and 
the symmetry or disposition of the whole building. 
MOD'ULE, V. t. 'l'’o model ; to shape ; to modulate. 
Mo'DUS, 77. [L.] A compensation for tithes; an equivalent 
given to a parson or vicar, by the owners of land, in lieu 
of tithes. 

MOD'WALL, 77. A bird. 

Mc)E, 77. *A distorted mouth. See Mow. 
fMoE, fl. iVlore. Hooker. 

MO-GUL', 77. M'he name of a prince or emperor of the nation 
in Asia called Moguls, or Mouguls. 

Md'HAIR, 77. [G. mohr ; Fr. moire.] The hair of a kind of 
goat in I'lirkey. 

MoMIAIR-SHELL, ii. In conchology, a peculiar species of 
valuta. 

MO-HAJM'ME-DAN, a. Pertaining to Mohammed or Ma- 
homet. 

MO-HAM'ME-DAN, n. A follower of Mohammed, the 
founder of the religion of Arabia and Persia. 
MO-HAM'ME-DAN-ISM, n. The religion or doctrines and 
precepts of IMohammed, contained in the Koran. 
MO-HAM'ME-DAN-IZE, v. t. To render conformable to 
the modes or principles of the Mohammedans. 
MO'HAVVK, } 77. The appellation given to certain ruffians 
Mo'HOGK, [ who infested the streets of London. 

I MOI'DER, V. t. To puzzle ; to perplex ; to confound ; to 
distract. 

MOI'DORE, 77. A gold coin of Portugal, valued at $6, or 
£]. 7s. sterling. 

MOI'E-TY, 77. [Fr. moitie.] The half; one of two equal 
parts. Addison. 

MOIL, v.t. [Fr. mouiller.] 1. To daub; to make dirty; 

[little used.] 2. To weary. Chapman. 

MOIL, V. i. [L. molior.] To labor; to toil ; to work with 
painful eltbrts*. Dryden. 
f MOIL, 77. [Sax. mal.] A spot. 

MOIST, a. [Fr. moite, for inoiste.] 1. Moderately wet; 
damp ; as, a moist atmosphere or air. 2. Containing 
Avater or other liquid in a perceptible degree. 

MOIST'EN, (mois'n) v. t. To make damp ; to wet in a 
small degree. Bacon. 
t MOIST, as a verb, is obsolete. 

MOIST'ENED, (mois'nd) pp. Made wet in a small degree. 
MOIST'EN-ER, (mois’ner) n. He or that which moistens. 
MOIST'EN-ING, (mois'ning) p27r. Wetting moderately. 
MOIST'FUL, a. Full of moisture. Drayton. 

MOTST'NESS, n. Dampness ; a small degree of w'etness. 
Addison. 

MOIST'URE, 77. [Fr. 77707tc777’.] ]. A moderate degree of 
wetness. 2. A small quantity of any liquid, 
t MOIST'Y, a. Drizzling, 
t MoKES of a net, the meshes. Ainsworth. 
t Mo'KY, a. [W. mwg.] Muggy ; dark ; murky. 

Mo'LAR, a. [L. molaris.] Having power to grind ; grind- 
ing. Bacon. 

MO-LaS'SES, ) 77. sing. [It. melassa ; Sp. rnelaza ; Fr. me- 
ME-LAS'SES, i lassc. The orthography inelasses, used 
by Edwards, in his History of the West Indies, is more 
accordant with etymology.] The syrup which drains 
from Muscovado sugar when cooling ; treacle. 

IMoLD, 77. [Sax. mold, muldu, myl ; W. mol.] 1. Fine, soft 
earth, or earth easily pulverized, such as constitutes soil. 
2. A substance like down, which forms on bodies which 
lie long in warm and dam]) air. 3. Matter of which any 
tiling is formed. 

Mold, n. [Sp. moldr ; Fr. mauley TV. mold.] 1. Iffie ma- 
trix in which any thing is cast and receives its form. 2. 
Cast ; form. 3. The suture or contexture of the skull. — 
4. In ship-buildins, a thin, flexible piece of timber, used 
as a pattern by which to form the curves of the timbers 
and com])assing pieces. — 5. Among wold beaters, a num- 
ber of pieces of vellum, or a like substance, laid over one 
another, between which the leaves of gold and silver are 
laid for beating. 

JMoLD, V.t. 1. To cause to contract mold. Knollcs. 2. 

I’d cover with mold or soil. Edwards. 

Mold, V. i. To contract mold ; to become moldy. 

Mold, v. t. l. To form into a particular shape ; to shape , 
m model. .Milton. 2. To knead. Ainsworth. 
MoLD'A-BLE, a. That may be molded or formed. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAB, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


MOM 


539 


MON 


MoLD'ED, pp. 1 . Formed into a particular shape 3 knead- 
ed. 2 . Covered with mold. 

MoLD'Ell, n. lie who molds or forms into shape. 
MoLU'Ell, V. i. [Dan. mulner.} 1 . To turn to dust by natu- 
ral decay ; to crumble ; to perish. 2 . To be diminished 3 
to waste away gradually. 

MoLD'ER, V. t. To turn to dust ; to crumble ; to waste. 
MoLD'ER-ING, ppr. Turning to dust 3 crumbling j wasting 
away. 

MoLD'i-NESS, n. The state of being moldy. 

IMoLD'ING, ppr. Forming into shape ; kneading. 
MoLDTNG, n. Any thing cast in a mold, or which ap- 
j)ears to be so ; in architecture^ a projecture beyond the 
wall, column, wainscot, &c. 

MoLD'-WARP, 11. [Sax. mold and weorpan.'] A mole. 
MoLD'Y", a. Overgrown with mold. Jiddisoii. 

MOLE, n. [Sax. mcd, /«a/.] 1 . A spot, mark or small per- 
jnanejit protuberance on the human body. 2 . [L. molaA 
A mass of fleshy matter, of a spherical flgure, generated 
in the uterus. 

MOLE, n. [L. moles ; Fr. mole.'\ 1 . A mould or massive 
work formed of large stones laid in the sea before a 
port, which it serves to defend from the violent impulse 
of the waves. 2 . Among the Romans^ a kind of mau- 
soleum. 

MOLE, n. [D. mol.] A small animal. 

MiJIiE, V. t. To clear of mole-hills. \_LocaL] Peggc. 
MoLE'-BxA.T, n. A fish. Ainsworth. 

]MoLE'-€AST, 11. A little elevation of earth made by a 
mole. 

MoLE'-€ATCH-ER’, n. One whose employment is to catch 
moles. 'Passer. 

lMoLE'-€RI€K-ET, n. An insect of the genus gryllus. 
MoLE'GULE, «. [Fr.] A very minute particle of matter. 
MoLE'-EyEU, a. Having very small eyes ; blind. 
MoLE'-lIlLL, 7t. [W. mahir.] A little hillock or elevation 
of earth thrown up by moles 3 a very small hill. 
]S 10 -LEST', V. t. [Fr. molester.] To trouble 3 to disturb 5 to 
render uneasy. Hooker. 

M 0 L-ES-Ta'T 10 N, n. Disturbance 3 annoyance 5 uneasi- 
ness given. Brown. 

MO-LEST'ED, j>p. Disturbed ; troubled 3 annoyed. 
MO-LEyT*ER, n. One that disturbs. 

MO-LESTTTJL, a. Troublesome. 

MO-LEST'ING, ppr. Disturbing ; troubling. 
MoLE'-TRACK, n. The course of a mole under ground. 
MoLE'-WARP, 71 . A mole. 8 ee Mole and Mold-warp. 
Mo'LI-EN, 77. A flowering tree of China. Grosier. 
f MO-LIM'I-NOUS, a. [from L. molimen.] Very important. 
]VI 0 L'I-N 1 ST, n. A follower of the opinions of Molina. 
MOL'LI-ENT, a. [L. mollicns.] Softening 3 assuaging 3 les- 
sening. Sec Emollient. 

MOL'Ll-FI-A-BLE. a. That may be softened. 
MOL-LI-FL€a'TION, n. 1 . Tlie act of mollifying or soft- 
ening. 2 . Mitigation 5 an appeasing. Shale. 
MOL'LI-FiED, pp. Softened 5 appeased. 

MOL-LI-Fi'ER, 71 . 1 . That which softens, appeases or 
mitigates^ 2. lie that softens, mitigates or pacifies. 
MOL'LI-FY, V. t. [L. mollio ; Fr. mollir.] 1 . To soften 3 to 
make soft or tender. Is. i. 2 . To assuage, as pain or ir- 
ritation. 3 . To appease 5 to pacify 3 to calm or quiet. 
4 . To qualify 5 to reduce in harshness or asperity. 
MOL-LUS'€A, 77. [from L. mollis.] In zooZog'?/, a division 
or class of animals whose bodies are soft, vvithout an in- 
ternal skeleton, or articulated covering. 

MOL-LUS'€AN, ) a. Pertaining to the inollusca, or par- 
MOL-LUS'GOUS, j taking of their properties. 
MO-LOS^SUS, 77. [Gr.] In Greek and Latin verse, a foot of 
three long syllables. 

MoLT, V. i. [W. mod.] To shed or cast the hair, feathers, 
skin, horns, &c. 5 as an animal. 

MoLT'EN, pp. of melt. 1 . Melted 3 [06s.] 2 . a. Made of 
melted metal. 

MoLT'ING, ppr. Casting or shedding a natural covering, 
as hair, feathers, skin or horns. 

MoLT'ING, 77. The operation by which certain animals 
cast off or lose their hair, feathers, skins, horns, &c. 
Mo'LY, 77. [Gr. pcoXu.] Wild garlic. 

I'.IO-LYB'DEN, } 71 . [Gy. uo\v( 3 Saiva.] Anoreofmolyb- 
MO-LYB-Dk'NA, i denum. 

MO-LYB'DE-NOUS, a. Pertaining to molybden. 
MO-LYB-Dk'NUM, 71 . A brittle metal. 

MOiUE, 77. [Fr. 7/70 / 77 ( 777 .] A dull, silent person 3 a stupid 
fellow 5 a stock 3 a post. Spenser. 

Mo'MENT, 77. [L. 7no7nentum.] 1 . The most minute and in- 
divisible part of time 5 an instant. 2 . Force ; impulsive 
powder. 3 . Importance in influence or eflect 3 conse- 
quence 3 weight or value, 
t MO-MENT'AL, a. Important. 

MO-MENT'AIi-LY, (7(Zo. For a moment. Bro7cn. 

t JMO-IVIEN-Ta'NE-OUS, or f MO'MENT-A-NY. See Mo- 
mentary. 

Mo'MENT- A-RI-LY, adv. Every moment. Shensto 7 ie. 


Mo MENT jfl.-RY, a. Done in a moment 3 continuing only 
a moment 5 leisting a very short time. 

Mo'MENT-LY, acZ77. 1. For a moment. 2 . In a moment j 
every moment. 

MO-MENT'OUS, a. Important 3 weighty 3 of consequence. 

MO-MENT'UM, 77. [L.] In 7/7Cc/7a 777 C 5 , impetus 3 the quan- 
tity ol motion in a moving body. 

M6M'MER-Y, or MUM'MER-Y, 71. [Fr. 7??(7??7m'e.] An en- 
tertainment or frolick in masks 3 a farcical entertainment 
in which masked persons play antic tricks. 

Mo'MOT, 77. The name of a genus of birds. 

MON'A-CIIAL, a. [Fr.3 L. monachus.] Pertaining to monks 
or a monastic life 3 monastic. 

MON'A-CIilSM, 77. [Fr. monachisme •, It. 77 ionachis mo.] The 
state of monks 3 a monastic life. 

^MON'AD, 71 . [Gr. pova^.] 1. An ultimate atom, or simple 
unextended point. Leib/iitz. 2 . An indivisible thing. 
Good. 

MON'A-DELPH, n. [Gr. povos and a 6 e\(pog.] In hota 7 i 7 j, a 
plant whose stamens are united in one body by the fila- 
ments. 

MON-A-DELPH'I-AN, a. Having the stamens united in 
one body by the filaments. 

MO-NAD'iC, ] a. Having the nature or character of a 

MO-NAD'I-CAL, ^ monad. More. 

MO-NAN'DER, 77. [Gr. povos and avrtp.] In boia7i7j, ct 
plant liaving one stamen onl5a 

MO-NAN'DRl-AN, a. Having one stamen only. 

MON^'ARCH, 71 . [It., Sp. 7 nonarca ; Fr. 777077 ( 77 ’^ 77 ( 7 .] 1 . The 
prince or ruler of a nation, who is vested with absolute 
sovereign power 3 an emperor, king or prince invested 
with an unlimited powder. 2. A king or prince, the su- 
preme magistrate of a nation, whose powers are in some 
respects limited by the constitution of the government. 
3 . He or that which is superior to others of the same 
kind. 4 . One that presides 3 president. 

MON'ARCH, a. Supreme 3 ruling. Pope. 

MO-NaRCH'AL, a. Pertaining to a monarch 3 suiting a 
monarch 3 sovereign 3 regal 3 imperial. 

MON' ARCH-ESS, 77. A female monarch 3 an empress. 

MO-NARCH'IC, ) a. 1 . Vested in a single ruler. 2 . Per- 

MO-NaRCH'I-CAL, j taining to monarchy. 

MON'AR-CHIST, n. An advocate of monarchy. 

MON'AR-CHIZE, v. i. To play the king 3 to act the mon- 
arch. Shak. 

MON'AR-CHIZE, v. t. 1 . To rule 3 to govern. 2 . To con- 
vert into a monarchy. 

MON'AR-CHY, 77. [Gr. povap^ia.] 1 . A state or gov’ern- 
ment in which the supreme power is lodged in the hands 
of a single person. 2 . A kingdom 3 an empire. 

* MON^'AS-TER-Y, n. [Fr. 7 nonastcre ; Sp. 7 nonasterio : Low 
L. monasterium.] A liouse of religious retirement, or of 
seclusion from ordinary temporal concerns. 

MO-NAS'TIC, ) a. [Fr. 7 iionastiqne ; It. 7 nonastico ; 

MO-NAS'TI-CAL, ^ Low L. 7 nonasticus.] Pertaining to 
monasteries, monks and nuns 3 recluse; secluded from 
the temporal concerns of life, and devoted to religion. 

MO-NAS'TIC, 77. A monk. 

MO-NAS'TI-CAL-LY, adv. Reclusely3 in a retired man- 
ner 3 in the manner of monks. Swift. 

MO-NAS'TI-CISM, n. Monastic life. Mihier. 

MoN'DAY", 77. [Sax. monandwg ; G. 7 no 7 itag ; 77777077 and day ; 
being formerl)^ sacred to that planet.] '^The second day 
of the week. 

MONDE, 77. [Fr.] The world 3 also, a globe, an ensign of 
authority. Drum 7 )io 7 id. 

MO-Nk'CIAN, 77. [Gr. povog and oiKog.] In bota 7 iy, one of 
that class of plants, whose male and female flowers are 
on tlm same plant. 

MO-Ne'C 1 AN, a. Pertaining to the class of plants above 
described. 

MoN'EY, 77.; p? 77 . Moneys. [Sax. 7 nijnct ; Fr. monnoic ; 
L., It. 777077 cf( 7 .] 1 . Coiii 3 stamjied metal 3 any piece of 

metal, usually gold,silveror copiier, stampe(l by publicau- 
tliority, and used as the medium of commerce. 2 . Bank 
notes or bills of credit issued by authority, and exchange- 
able for coin, or redeemable, are also called 7 no 7 icij. 3 . 
Wealth 3 affluence. 

t MoN'EY, V. t. To supply with money. Tyndal. 

MoN'EY-AGE, n. A/iciently, in England, a general land 
tax, a shilling on each hearth. Hume. 

M6N'EY-BAG, n. A bag or purse for holding money. 

M 6 N'EY-B 0 X, 77. A box or till to hold money. 

M6N'EY-BRoK-ER, 77. A broker who deals in money. 

M6N'EY-CHaN-GER, 71 . A broker who deals in money or 
exchanges. Arbutlmot. 

MoN'EYED, (mun'id) a. 1 . Rich in money 3 having money ; 
able to command mone}^ 2 . Consisting in nione)’. 

M6N'EY-ER, 77. 1 . A banker 3 one who deals in money. 

2 . A coiner of money 3 [little 77oiC(Z.] 

]M6N'EY-LEND-ER, 77. One who lends money. 

MoN'EY-IiESS, a. Destitute of money 3 pennyless. 

M6N'EY-MAT-TER, 77. An account consisting of charges 


* Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 3— BTILL, UNITE.— C as K 3 G as J 5 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


MON 


MON 540 


of money ; an account between debtor and creditor. Ar- 
huthnot. 

MoN'EY-SCmV-EN-ER, n. A person who raises money 
for otliers. Arbutlinot. 

M6N'EY-SPIN-NER, n. A small spider. 

MoN'EY’S-W^ORTH, n. 1. Something that will bring mon- 
ey. 2. Full valuer the worth of a thing in money. 

MoN'EY-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus lijsimachia. 

MoNG'CORN, n. [Sax. mang, and corn.'\ Mixed corn, as 
wheat and rye. 

MoN'GER, 11 . [Sax. Twawo-ere.] A trader; a dealer; now 
used only or chietiy in composition ; as, iron-monger. 

MoX'GREL, a. [from Sax. mengan.] Of a mixed breed ; 
of dilferent kinds. Swift. 

MoN'GREL, 11 . An animal of a mixed breed. 

MO-NIL'1-FORM, a. [L. inonile.] Like a necklace. 

MOA'I-MENT n. [L. monimentum.] 1. An inscription ; 
something to preserve memory ; [oZ>s.] 2. A mark; an 
image ; a superscription. Spenser. 

f MOxN 'ISif, V. t. To admonish ; to warn. 

MOx\'lSH-ER, n. An admonisher, which see. 

t MON ISH-MENT, n. Admonition. 

MO-NI'^TXON, 7i. [Fr. ; 1j. mo nitio.] 1. Warning; instruc- 
tion given by way of caution. 2. Information ; indica- 
tion. 

MON'1-TIVE, a. Admonitory ; conveying admonition. 

MONT-TOR, 11 . [L.] 1. One who warns of faults, or in- 
forms of duty ; one who gives advice and instruction by 
way of reproof or caution. — 2. In schools^ a person au- 
thorized to look to the scholars in tlie absence of the in- 
structor, or to notice the absence or faults of the scholars, 
or to instruct a division or class. 

iUON-I-To'RI-AL, a. 1. Relating to a monitor. 2. Per- 
formed by a monitor. 3. Conducted by or under the in- 
struction of monitors, or subordinate teachers. 

MON'I-TO-RY, a. Giving admonition ; warning ; instruct- 
ing by way of caution. L’’ Estrange. 

MON'i-TO-RY, 11 . A^lmonition ; warning. Bacon. 

MONT-TRESS, n. A female monitor. 

MONK, n. [Gr. pova^og L. monachns Sax. monec.^ A 
man who retires from the ordinary temporal concerns of 
the world, and devotes himself to religion. 

M6NK'ER-Y, n. The life of monks ; the monastic life. 

MoNK'EY, 11 . [It. monicchio.] 1. The popular name of the 
ape and baboon. 2. A name of contempt or of slight 
ivindness. 

MoNK'HOOD, 11 . The character of a monk. Atterbiiry. 

MoNK'ISir, a. Like a monk, or pertaining to monks ; mo- 
nastic. 

IMoNK’S'HEAD, 11 . A plant of the genus leontodon. 

MoNK’S'HOOD, 11 . A plant of the genus aconitum. 

MONK’S'RHu-BARB, n. A plant of the genus rumex^ a 
species of dock. 

MO-NOC^E-ROS, 11 . [Gr. jxovog and Ktpag.1 The unicorn. 

MON'O-GHORD, n. [Gr. povog and ^ musical in- 

strument of one string. 

MON-O-CHRO-MATTC, a. [Gr. povog and Con- 

sisting of one color, or presenting rays of light of one color 
only. 

MON'O-GO-TYLE, } a. Having only one seed- 

MON-O-GO-TY-LED'O-NOUS, ^ lobe or seminal leaf. 

MON-O-GO-TYL'E-DON, n. [Gr. povog and icoruX?75o;v.] In 
botany y a plant with only one cotyledon or seed-lobe. 

MO-NOG'U-LAR, ) a. [Gr. povog., and L. ocuhis.] Having 

MO-NOG'IJ-LOUS, I one eye only. 

MON 0-GULE, n. An insect witli one eye. 

MON-O-DAG'T Y-LOUS, a. Having one finger or toe. 

MON'O-DIST, n. One who writes monodies. Scott. 

MON'O-DON, 11 . [Gr. povoSovg.] The unicorn fish, or sea- 
unicorn. 

MON'O-DY, 11 . [Gr. povuiSia.] A song or poem sung by one 
person only. Johnson. 

MON'O-GAM, ri. [Gr. /lovo? and ya/o?.] In botany, a. plant 
that has a simple flower, though the anthers are united. 

MON-O-G AMR-AN, a. Pertaining to the order of plants that 
have a simple flower. Lee. 

MO-NOG'A-MIST, 11 . One w'^ho disallows second marriages. 
Johnson. 

MO-NOO'A-MOUS, a-. Having one wife only, and not per- 
mitted to marry a second. 

MO-NOG'’ A-MY, n. 'I'he marriage of one wife only, or the 
slate of such as are restrained to a single wife. 

JION O-GR AM, n. [Gr. povog and y^appa.] A character or 
ciplier composed of one, tw^o or more letters Interwoven, 
being an abbreviation of a name ; used on seals, &c. 

MON'O-GRAM-MAL, a. Sketching in the manner of a 
monogram . Fotherh y. 

rdON'O-GRAPH, ir. [Gr. povog and ypa0w.] An account or 
description of a single thing or class of things. 

MON-O-GRAPIPIG, ) a. 1. Drawn in lines without 

MON-O-GRAPH'I-GAL, ) colors. 2. Pertaining to a mon- 
ograph. 


MO-NOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. povog and ypa(fxa.] A descrip- 
tion drawn in lines without colors. 

MON'O-GYN, 11 . [Gr. povog and yvvrj.'] In botany, a plant 
having only one style or stigma. Smith. 

MON-O-GYN'I-AN, a. Pertaining to the ox^er mono gynia 
having only one style or stigma. 

MON^O-LOGUE, (mon'o-log) n. [Gr. povo^oyta.] 1. A so- 
liloquy; a speech uttered by a person alone. 2. A poem, 
song or scene composed for a single performer. 

MO-NOM'A-GHY, n. [Gr. povopaxicc^] A duel; a single 
combat. 

MON'OME, n. [Gr. povog and ovopa.] In algebra, a quanti- 
ty that has one name onl}^. Harris. 

MO-No'MI-AL, n. In algebra, a quantity expressed by one 
name or letter. 

MO-NOP'A-THY, 71. [Gr. and aa^rta.] Solitary suf- 
fering or sensibility. Whitlock. 

MON-O-PETLV-LOUS, a. [Gr. povog and rrcruXov.] In bot- 
any, having only one petal, or a one-petaled corol. Martyn. 

MON'OPH-THONG, n. [Gr. povog and <pBoyyog.'\ A simple 
vowel-sound. Beattie. 

MON-OPH-THON'GAL, a. Consisting of a simple vowel- 
sound. Beattie. 

MO-NOPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. povog and 0oXXov.] Having 
one leaf only. 

MO-NOPH'Y-SITE, n. [Gr. povog and <pvaig.] One who 
maintains that Jesus Christ liad but one nature. 

MO-NOP 0-LlST, or MO-NOP^O-LIZ-ER, n. [Sp., It. mo- 
iiopolista.] One that monopolizes. 

MO-NOP'O-LiZE, V. t. [Gr. povog and TTwXrw ; Fr. monop- 
oler.] 1. To purchase or obtain possession of the whole of 
any commodity or goods in market with the view of seli- 
ingthem at advanced prices. 2. To engross or obtain, by 
any means, the exclusive right of trading to any place. 3. 
To obtain the whole. 

MO-NOP'O-LY, 11 . [Fr. monopole ; L. monopolium.] The 
sole power of vending any species of goods. 

* MO-NOP'TOTE, n. [Gr. povog and nruiaig.J A noun hav- 
ing only one oblique case. Clarke. 

MON-O-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. povog and cneppa.] Having 
one seed only. 

MON'O-STIGH, 71. [Gr. povoanxov.] A composition consist- 
ing of one verse only. 

MON-O-STROPIPIG, a. [Gr. povoarpocpog.'] Having one 
stroplie only ; not varied m measure ; written in unvaried 
measure. 

MON-O-SYL-LAB'IG, ) a. 1. Consisting of one sylla- 

MON-O-SYL-LABT-GAL, | ble. 2. Consisting of W'ords 
of one syllabic. 

MON-O-SYL'LA-BLE, n. [Gr. povog and cruXXajST/.] A word 
of one syllable. 

MON-O-SYL'LA-BLED, a. Formed into one syllable. 

MON^O-THE-ISM, n. [Gr. povog and deog.] The doctrine or 
belief of the existence of one God only. 

MO-NOTH^E-LITE, v. [Gr. /iovos and 0£X77 <ti 5.] One who 
holds that Christ had but one will. Alilner. 

MON'O-TONE, 71. In rhetoric, a sameness of sound. 

MON-O-TON'IG, / Tif » . rr-,*/ 

IVIOxST— O TO^^X ^ \L ^ iVlonotonoiife# ^Little 

MO-NOT^O-NOU8, a. Continued in the same tone, without 
inflection or cadence; unvaried in tone. 

MO-NOT'O-NOUS-LY, adv. With one uniform tone ; w-ith- 
out inflection of voice. JVares. 

MO-NOT'O-NY, 71. [Gr. povoTovLa.'\ 1. Uniformity of tone or 
sound ; want of inflections of voice in speaking ; want of 
cadence or modulation. 2. Uniformity ; sameness. Irving. 

MON'SIEUR, (mos'seer) 71. [Fr.] Sir; Mr. Pope. 

MON-SOON', 71. A periodical wflnd, blowing six months 
from the same quarter or point of the compass, then chang- 
ing, and blowing the same time from tlie opposite quarter. 

MON'STER,7i. [L. inonsirnrn.'] 1. An animai produced with 
a shape or with parts that are not natural. 2. Any un- 
natural production ; something greatly deformed. 3. A 
person so wicked as to appear horrible; one unnaturally 
wicked or mischievous. - 

t MON'STER, V. t. To make monstrous. Shak. 

MON'STER-TaM-ING, a. Taming monsters. 

MON-STROS'I-TY, 71. 1. The state of being monstrous, or 
out of tlie common order of nature. 2. An unnatural pro- 
duction ; that which is monstrous. 

r»ION'STROUS, a. [L. monstrosus.'] 1. Unnatural in form; 
deviating greatly from the natural form ; out of the com- 
mon course of nature. 2. Strange ; very wmnderful. 3. 
Enormous ; huge ; extraordinary. 4. Shocking to the 
sight or other senses ; hateful. 

MON'STROUS, adv. Exceedingly; very mucli. [vulgar. 1 
Dry den. 

MON'STROUS-LY', adv. 1. In a manner out of the common 
order of nature ; hence, shockingly ; terribly ; hideously ; 
horribly. 2. To a great degree ; enormously ; extrava- 
gantly. 


* See Synopsis. A, K, I, o, U, Y, long. —FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— j Obsolete. 


MOO 


541 


MOR 


MOX^STROUS-NESS, n. 1. The state of being monstrous. 

2. Enormity j irregular nature or behavior. 

MON-TAN'IC, a. [L. montaniLs.^ Pertaining to mountains; 

consisting in mountains. Kirwan. 

MON'TA-NISM, n. The tenets of Montanus. 

MON TA-XIST, n. A follower of Montanus. 

MON-TA Nl^ST^ | ^*6rtaining to Montanism. 

MON^'TA-NIZE, v. i. To follow the opinions of Montanus. 
Hooker. 

MONT' ANT, n. [Fr.] A term in fencing. Shak. 

MON-Tk'RO, n. [Sp. montera.~\ A horseman’s cap. Ba- 
con. 

MON-TETIP, 71. A vessel in which glasses are washed. 

Month, n. rsax. monath^ from inona, the moon ; D. vtaand ; 
G. monath.j A space or period of time constituting a division 
of the year. A lunar or periodical month consists of one 
revolution of the moon, a lunation, or the period from one 
change or conjunction of the moon with the sun to another. 
Consisting of 27 days, 7 hours, 43 minutes and 5 seconds. 
A :iolar month is the space of time in which the sun passes 
through one sign, or a twelfth part of the zodiac, contain- 
ing 30 days, 10 hours, 29 minutes, 5 seconds. In the year, 
tiiere are twelve solar months, and thirteen lunar months. 
— In popular language, four weeks are called a month, 
being nearly the length of the lunar month. A calendar 
month differs in some degree from a solar month ; consist- 
i))g of twenty-eight, twenty-nine, tliirty or thirty-one 
days, as the months stand in calendars or almanacs. 

MoNTH'LY, a. 1. Continued a month, or performed in a 
month. 2. Done or happening once a month, or every 
month. 

MONTH LY, adv. 1. Once a month ; in every month. 2. 
As if under the iiiHuence of the moon ; in the manner of 
a lunatic ; [o/7^\] 

MONTH’S-MlxVD, n. Earnest desire ; strong inclination. 
Hudibras. 

MONT-MaR'TRTTE, 71. A mineral of a yellowish color. 

MOX"-TOIR', (mon-twoP) n. [Fr.] In horsemanship, a stone 
used for aiding to mount a horse. 

MON-TROSS', 7i. An under gunner, or assistant to a gun- 
ner, engineer or fire-master. Diet. 

MON'U-MENT, n. [L. monumentum.'] 1. Any thing by 
wiiich the memory of a person or an event is preserved or 
perpetuated. 2. A stone or a heap of stones or other du- 
rable thing, intended to mark the bounds of states, towns 
or distinct possessions, and preserve the memory of di- 
visional lines. J^Texo England. 3. A thing that reminds 
or gives notice. 

MON-U-MENT'AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a monument. 2. 
Serving as a monument ; memorial ; preserving memory. 

3. Belonging to a tomb. 

MON-U-MENTCVL-LY, adv. B^ way of memorial. 

MOOD, 71. [Fr. mode ^ L. 7iio(Zws.] 1. The form of an argu- 
ment. 2. Style of music. 3. The variation of a verb to 
express manner of action or being. See Mode. 

MOOD, 71. [Goth., Sax., Sw. 7/i(id.] 1. Temper of mind; 
temporary state of tlie mind in regard to passion or feel- 
ing ; humor. 2. Anger; heat of temper. Hooker, 

t MOOD'l-LY, adv. [from moody.'] Sadly. 

MOOD'l-NESS, 71. Anger; peevishness. 

MOOD'Y, a. [ti?LX. modig.] Angry; peevish; fretful ; out 
of humor. 2. Mental; intellectual; [o&s.] 3. Sad ; pen- 
sive. 4. Violent ; furious. 

MOON, 71. [Sax. mona ; D. maan ; G. mond.] 1. The heav- 
enly orb which revolves round the earth ; a secondary 
planet or satellite of the earth. 2. A month. — Half-moon, 
\n fortification, a figure resembling a crescent. 

MOON'-BeAM, 11 . A ray of light from the moon. 

MOON'-GaLF, n. 1. A monster; a false conception. 2. A 
mole or mass of fleshy matter generated in the uterus. 
3. A dolt ; a stupid fellow. 

MOONED, a. Taken for the moon. JMilton. 

MOON'ET_, 71. A little moon. Hall. 

IMOON'-EyE, 71. An eye affected by the moon. 

M(.)ON'-EyED, a. Having eyes affected by the revolu- 
tions of the moon. 2. Dirn-eyed ; purblind. 

iMOON'FERN, it. A plant. Jiinsworth. 

MOON'-FISH, 11 . A fish whose tail is shaped like a half- 
moon. Grew. 

MOON'ISH, < 1 . Like the moon ; variable. Shak. 

MOON'LESS, a. Not favored with moon-light. 

MOONHjTGHT, 71. fl'he light afforded by the moon. 

MOON'LIGHT, a. Illuminated by the moon. Shak. 

MOON'LING, 71. A simpleton. B. Jonson. 

MOON'LoVED, a. Loved when the moon shines. 

MOON'-SAD, 71. A plant of the genus mcnispermum. 

IMOON'-SEED, 71. A plant. Miller. 

MOON'SHTNE, n. 1. The light of the moon. Dryden. 2. 
In burlesque, a month. Shak. — A matter of moonshine, a 
matter of no consequence. 

MOONSHINE, ; Tii • * 1 K *1 r^7 .7 

MOON'SHIN Y 1 Fluminated by the moon. Clarendon. 

MOON'STONE, n. A variety of adularia. 


MOON'STRUGK, a. Affected by the influence of the moon ; 
lunatic. Mjlton. 

MOON'-TRe'FOIL, 71. A plant of the genus mcdicago. 
MOON'-VVoRT, 71. A plant of the genus lunaria ; satin- 
flower ; honesty. 

MOON'Y, a. Lunated ; having a crescent for a standard ; 

in resemblance of the moon. Fenton. 

MOOR, 71. [Sax. mor ,• G. mohr.] 1. A tract of land ov’^errim 
with heath. 2. A marsh ; a fen ; a tract of wet, low 
ground, or ground covered with stagnant water. 

MoOR, 11 . [D. moor ; G. mohr ; Fr. rnmire.] A native of the 
northern coast of Africa, called by the Romans, from the 
color of the people, Mauritania, the country of dark-com- 
plexioned people. 

MOOR, V. t. [Sp., Port, amarra, a cable.] To confine or se- 
cure a ship in a particular station. 

MOOR, V. i. To be confined by cables or chains. 

MOOR' AGE, 71. Station where to moor. Otia Sacra. 
MOOR'-GaME, 71. Red game ; grouse. Johnson. 

MOOR'-FOV^L > genus tetrao, found in 

MOOR'-IIEN ) moors ; red-game ; gor-cock. 

MOORED, pp. Made fast in a station. 

MOOR'ING, ppr. Confining to a station. 

MOOR ING, 71. In seamen’s language, moorings are the 
anchors, chains and bridles laid athwart the bottom of a 
river or liarbor to coniine a ship. 

MOOR'ISH, a. 1. IMarshy ; fenny; watery. 2. Pertaining 
to the Moors in Africa. 

MOOR'LAND, n. 1. A marsh or tract of low, watery ground. 

2. Land rising into moderate hills, foul, cold and full of 
bogs. 

MOOR'STONE, n. A species of granite. Woodward. 
MOOR'Y, «. Marshy; fenny; boggy; watery. 

MOOSE, (moos) n. [a native Indian name.] An animal of 
the genus cervus, and the largest of the deer kind. 

MOOl', V. t. [Sax. motian.] To debate; to discuss; to argue 
for and against. 

MOOT, V. i. To argue or plead on a supposed cause. 

MOOT, \ n. A point, case or question to be mooted 

MOOT'-€ASE, > or debated ; a disputable case ; an un- 
MOOT'-POINT, ) settled question. 

MOOT'ED, pp. Debated ; disputed ; controverted. 
MOOT'ER, 71. A disputer of a mooted case, 
t MOOT'-HALL, '( n. A town ball ; hall of judgment, 
t MOOT'-HCiUSE, i Wickliffe. 

MOOT'ING, pj)r. Disputing ; debating for exercise. 
MOOT'ING, 71. The exercise of disputing. 

MOP, 71. [W. mop, or mopa.] 1. A piece of cloth, or a col- 
lection of thrums or coarse yarns fastened to a handle and 
used for cleaning floors. 2. A wry mouth ; [oin>\] Shak. 
MOP, V. t. To rub or wipe with a mop. 
t MOP, y. 1 . To make a wry mouth. Shak. 

MOPE, V. i. To be very stupid ; to be very dull ; to drowse ; 

to be spiritless or gloomy. 

MOPE, V. t. To make stupid or spiritless. 

MOPE, 71. A stupid or low-spirited person ; a drone. 
MoPED, ;7/7. Made stupid. Locke. 

MoPE'-EyED, a. Short-sighted ; purblind. 

MoPTNG, ppr. Affected with dullness ; spiritless ; gloomy. 
MoP'ISH, a. Dull ; spiritless ; stupid ; dejected. 
MoP'ISH-NESS, 71. Dejection ; dullness ; stupidity. 
MOP'PET, 1 71. A rag-baby ; a puppet made of cloth ; a 
MOP'SEY, ( fondling name of a little girl. 

MOP SI-€AL, a. That cannot see well ; mope-eyed ; stupid. 
Mo'PUS, 71. A mope; a drone. Svnft. 

PdOR'AL, a. [Fr., Sp. moral ; It. morale ; L. moralis.l L 
Relating to the practice, manners or conduct of men as 
social beings in relation to eacJt other, and witli reference 
to right and wrong. 2. Subject to the moral law', and ca- 
pable of moral actions ; bound to perform social duties. 

3. Supported by the eviden.ee of reason or proliability ; 
founded on experience of the ordinary course of things. 

4. Conformed to rules of right, or to the divine law re- 
specting social duties ; virtuous ; just. 5. Conformed to 
law and right in exterior deportment. 6. Reasoning or 
instructing with regard to vice and virtue. — Moral law, 
the law of God which prescribes the moral or social duties. 
— Moral sense, an innate or natural sense of right and 
wrong. Paley. — Moral philosophy , the science of manners 
and duty. 

MOR'AL, 71. 1. Morality; the doctrine or practice of the 
duties of life ; [Lii.] 2. The doctrine inculcated by a 
fiction ; the accommodation of a fable to form the morals, 
Dryden . 

t MOR'AL, V. i. To moralize, 
t MOR'AL-ER, 71. A moralizer. Shak. 

MOR'.\L-IST, 71 . \n.moralista ; Fr. mor aliste,] L One w'ho 
teaches the duties of life. 2. One who practices moral 
duties ; a mere moral person. Hammond. 

MO-RAL'I-TY, 71 . [Fr. moralite.] 1. The doctrine or system 
of moral duties, or the duties of men in their social ciiarac- 
ter ; ethics. 2. The practice of the moral duties ; virtue, 
3. The quality of an action which renders it good. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BIJLL, UNITE. — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 


MOR 


542 


MOR 


MOR-AL-I-ZZ'TION, n. 1. Moral reflections, or the act of 
making moral reflections. fVarton. 2. Explanation in a 
moral s^nse. Elyot, 

MOH'AL-IZE, V. t. [Fr. moraliser.'] 1. To apply to a moral 
purpose, or to explain in a moral sense. 2. To furnish 
witli manners or examples. 3. To render moral or vir- 
tuous ; to correct the morals of. 

MOR'AL-IZE, V. i. To speak or write on moral subjects, or 
to make moral reflectiwis. 

MOR'AL-lZED, 1. Applied to a moral purpose, or ex- 
plained in a moral sense. 2. Rendered moral or less cor- 
rupt. 

MOR'AL-iZ-ER, n. One who moralizes. 

MOR'AL-iZ-ING, ppr. 1. Applying to a moral purpose, or 
explaining in a moral sense. 2. Making moral reflections 
in words or writing. 

MOR/AL-IZ-ING, n. The application of facts to a moral 
purpose, or the making of moral reflections. 

MOR'AL-LY, ado. 1. In a moral or ethical sense ; accord- 
ing to the rules of morality. 2. Virtuously ; honestly. 3. 
According to the rules of the divine law. 4. According 
to the evidence of human reason or of probabilities. 

MORTALS, n. phi. 1. The practice of the duties of life. 2. 
Conduct ; behavior ; course of life, in regard to good and 
evil. 

MO-RASS', n. [D. moeras ; Sw. moras ; Fr. maj'ais.] A 
marsh ; a fen ; a tract of low, moist ground. Watts. 

MO-RASS'Y, a. Marshy ; fenny. Pennant. 

MO-Ra'VI-AN, a. Pertaining to Moravia, or to the United 
Brethren. 

MO-Ra'V 1-AN, 71. One of a religious sect, called the United 
Brethren. 

MOR'BID, a. [L. morhidas.'] Diseased ; sickly ; not sound 
and healthful. 

MOR'BID-NESS, n. A state of being diseased or unsound. 

MOR-BIFRC, ) a. [Fr. morhifique.^ Causing disease ; 

JNIOR-BIF'I-CAL, ) generating a sickly state. 

MOR-BIL'LOUS, a. [L. morbilli.'] Pertaining to the measles ; 
measly ; partaking of the nature of measles. 

MOR-BoSE', a. [L. morbosus.] Proceeding from disease j 
unsound ; unhealthy. Ray. 

MOR-BOST-TY, n. A diseased state. Brown. 

MOR-Da'CIOUS, a. [L. mordax.l Biting ; given to biting. 
Evelyn. 

MOR-Da'CIOUS-LY, adv. In a biting manner j sarcastical- 
ly. Waterhouse. 

MOR-DAC'I-TY, 71. [E. mordacitas.'] The quality of biting. 

MOR'DANT, 71. [Fr.] A substance which has a chemical 
affinity for coloring matter, and serves to fix colore j such 
as alum. 

MOR'DI-CAN-CY, n. A biting quality ; corrosiveness. 

MOR'DI-CANT, a. [Fr.j Biting j acrid. 

MOR-DI-Ca'TION, n. [from L. mordeo.'] The act of biting 
or corroding; corrosion. Bacon. 

MORE, a. [Sax more, mara, ox mare.'] 1. Greater in quality, 
degree or amount. 2. Greater in number; exceeding in 
numbers. 3. Greater. 4. Added to some former num- 
ber ; additional. 

MORE, adv. 1. To a greater degree. 2. It is used with the ; 
as, they hated him yet the more. 3. It is used to modify 
an adjective, and form the comparative degree, having the 
same force and effect as the termination er, in monosylla- 
bles ; as, more wise. 4. A second or another time ; again. 
— A'o more, not continuing; existing no longer; gone; 
deceased or destroyed ; as, Cassius is no more. — Much 
more, in a greater degree or with more readiness ; more 
abundantly. — More and more, with continual increase. 

MORE, a noun, or substitute for a noun. 1 . A greater quan- 
tity, amount or number. 2. Greater thing ; other thing ; 
something further ; as, we can do no more. 

t MORE, V. t. To make more. Gower. 

MORE, 77. 1. [Sax. 7?7o?*.] A hill. 2. [Sax. ?77ora77.] A root. 

MO-REEN', 71. A stuff used for curtains, &c. 

MO-REL', n. [It. morella ; Fr. morelle.] 1. Garden night- 
sdiade. 2. A kind of cherry. 

MoRE'LAND. See Moorland. 

t MoREhVESS, 77. Greatness. Wickliffe. 

MORE-o'VER, adv. [mo?*c and over.] Beyond what has been 
said ; further; besides; also; likewise. 

MO-RESK', \ a. [Fr. ; It. moresco.] Done after the 

lMO-RESQ,UE<, I manner of the Moors. 

MO-RESK', 77. A species of painting or carving done after 
the Moorish manner. 

MOR^GLAY, 77. [L. mors, and Celtic glaive.] A deadly 
weapon. 

MOR'GRAY, 77. A Mediterranean fish. 

MOR'iCE. See Morisco. 

I MO-RIG'ER-ATE, v. i. \E. morigero.] To do as one is 
commanded ; to obey. Cockeram. 

t JIO-RIG-ER-a'TION, 77. Obsequiousness ; obedience. 
Bacon. 

MO-RIG'ER-OUS, a. [L. 7no7'igcrus.] Obedient ; obsequi- 
ous ; [little used.] Diet. 

MORTL, 77. [Fr. morille.] A mushroom. Encyc. 


MO-RIL'LI-FORM, a. Having the form of the moril. 

MOR'IL-LON, 77. A fowl of the genus anas. Pennant. 

MOR'I-NEL, 77. A bird, called also dotteril. 

MO-RIN'GA, 77. A plant. 

MOR'I-ON, 77. [Fr. ; It. morione.] Armor for the head ; a 
helmet or casque to defend the head. Dryden. 

M0-RIS'€0, ) 77. [from Moor.] A dance, or a dancer of the 

Mo'RISK, f morris or Moorish dance. 

M0-RIS'€0, a. Applied to carving and painting. 

MOR'KIN, 77. [Sw. murken.] Among hunters, a beast that 
has died by sickness or mischance. 

MOR'LAND, or MoRE'LAND, n. Moorland, which see. 

MOR'LING, \ 77. [Fr. mart.] Wool plucked from a dead 

MORT'LING, \ sheep. 

MOR'MO, 77. [Gr. poppu).] A bugbear ; false terror. 

MORN, 77. [Sax. inai-ne, margene, inergen, morgen ,* Dan., 
D., G. morgen.] The first part of the day ; the morning j 
a word used chiefly in poetry. Prior. 

MORNTNG, 77. [Sax. margene, morgen.] 1. The first part 
of the day, beginning at twelve o’clock at night and ex- 
tending to twelve at noon. 2. The first or early part. 

MORN'ING, a. Pertaining to the first part or early part of 
the day ; being in tlie early part of the day. 

MORN'ING-GOWN, n. A gown worn in the morning be- 
fore one is formally dressed. Addison. 

MORN'ING-STAR, n. The planet Venus, when it precedes 
the sun in rising, and shines in the morning. 

MO-ROC'CO, 77. A fine kind of leather ; said to be borrowed 
from_the Moors. 

MO-RoSE', a. [L. morosus ; It., Sp. moroso.] Of a sour 
temper ; severe ; sullen and austere. 

MO-RoSE'LY, adv. Sourly ; with sullen austerity. 

MO-RoSE'NESS, n. Sourness of temper; sullenness. Mo~ 
roseness is not precisely peevishness or fretfulness, though 
often accompanied with it. It denotes more of silence 
and severity or ill humor, than the irritability or irritation 
which characterizes peevishness. 

t MO-ROS'I-TY, 77. Moroseness. Shak. 

MO-ROX'Y-LT€, a. Moroxylic acid is obtained from a sa- 
line exsudation from the morrus alba. 

MOR'PIIEW, 77. [It. morfea.] A scurf on the face. 

IMOR'PIIEW, V. t. To cover '"dth scurf. Bp. Hall. 

MORTHI-A, 77. A vegetable ikali. 

MOR'RICE, MOR'RIS, or MOR'RIS-DANCE, 77 . [Fr. mo- 
■resque.] A INIoorish dance ; a dance in imitation of the 
Moors, as sarabands, chacons, &c., usually performed 
with castanets, tambors, &c. — Mine men^s 7no7-ris, a kind 
of play with nine holes in the ground. Shak. 

MOR'RIS-DAN-CER, 77. One who dances a morris-dance. 

MOR'RIS-PIKE, 77 . A Moorish pike. 

MOR'RoW, 77 . [Sax. 7norge7i.] 1. The day next after the 
present. 2. The next day subsequent to anj^^ day specifi- 
ed. — Good mori'oir, a teian of salutation ; good morning. 

MORSE, (mors) ?/. [Russ! 7norj.] In zoology, the sea-horse 
or walrus, an animal of the genus trichechus. 

MOR'SEL, 77 . [L. 777ors?75.] 1. A bite ; a mouthful ; a small 

piece of food. 2. A piece ; a meal ; something to be eaten. 

3. A small quantity of something not eatable ; [improper .] 

MOR/SURE, 77. The act of biting. 

MORT, 71. [Fr.] 1. A tune sounded at the death of game. 

2. A salmon in his third year. 

MOR'TAL, a. [L. ??7ortaZ7s.] 1. Subject. to death ; destin- 
ed to die. 2. Deadly ; destructive to life. 3. Bringing 
death ; terminating life. 4. Deadly in malice or purpose. 

5. Exposing to certain death ; incurring the penalty of 
death ; condemned to be punished with death ; not venial. 

6. Human ; belonging to man who is mortal. 7. Extreme ; 
violent ; [not elegant.] 

MOR'TAL, 77 . Man ; a being subject to death ; a human 
being. 

MOR-TAL'I-TY, n. [L. 7nortalitas .] 1. Subjection to death 
or the necessity of dying. 2. Death. 3. Frequency of 
death ; actual death of great numbers of men or beasts. 

4. Human nature. 5. Power of destruction. 

MOR'TAIj-IZE, V. t. To make mortal. Broo7ue. 

MOR'TAL-LY, adv. 1. Irrecoverably ; in a manner that 

must cause death. Dryden. 2. Extremely. 

MOR 'TAR, 77 . [L. mortarinin ; Fr. mortier.] 1. A vessel in 
which substances are pounded or bruised with a pestle. 
2. A short piece of ordnance, used for throwing bombs. 

MOR'TAR, 77. [D. mortel ; Fr. mortier.] A mixture of lime 
and sand with water, used as a cement for uniting stones 
and bricks in walls. 

t MOR^TER, 71. [Fr. mortier.] A lamp or light. 

MORT'GAGE, (mor'gaje) n. [Fr. mort and gage.] X- Lit- 
erally, a dead pledge ; the grant of an estaite in fee as se- 
curity for the payment of money. 2. A pledge of goods or 
chatties by a debtor to a creditor, as security for a debt. 

MORT'GAgE, (mor'gaje) v. t. 1. To grant an estate in fee 
as security for money lent or contracted to be paid at a 
certain time. 2. To pledge ; to make liable to the pay- 
ment of any debt or expenditure. 

MORT'GAGED, (mor'gajd) ;7p. Conveyed in fee as security 
for the payment of money. 


t Obsolete. 


See Synopsis. A , K , I , o, U, Y, Zo77^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PRgY PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;- 


MOS 543 


MORT-GA- 6 EE', (mor-ga-jee') n. The person to whom an 
estate is mortgaged. 

MOllT'G A-GEll, (mor'ga-jer) n. Tlie person who grants an 
estate as security for a debt, as above specitied. 

MOil-TIF'EK-OUt?, a. [L. mortifcr.'] Bringing or producing 
deatli ; deadly j fatal 3 destructive. 

MOR-TI-FI-Ga'TIOA’^, a. [Fr.] 1. In j/icdict/ie and surgery^ 
the death and consequent putrefaction of one part of an 
animal body, while the rest is alive. — *2. In Scripture, the 
act of subduing the passions and appetites by penance, 
abstinence or painful severities inflicted on the body. 3. 
Humiliation' or slight vexation ; the state of being hum- 
bled or depressed by disappointment, vexation, crosses, 
or any thing that wounds or abases pride. 4. Destruction 
of active qualities 3 applied to metals. 

MOR'TI-FiED, pp. 1. Aflected by sphacelus or gangrene. 

2. Humbled 3 subdued 3 abased. 

MOR'TI-FlED-NESS, n. Humiliation 3 subjection of the 

passions. Taylor. 

MOR'TI-Fl-ER, n. He or that which mortifies. 

MOR'TI-FY, V. t. [Fr. mortijier.] 1. To destroy the or- 
ganic texture and vital functions of some part of a living 
animal. 2. To subdue or bring into subjection, as the bodi- 
ly appetites by abstinence or rigorous severities. 3. To 
subdue 3 to abase 3 to humble 3 to reduce 3 to restrain, as 
inordinate passions. 4. To humble : to depress 3 to affect 
with slight vexation. 5. To destroy active powers or es- 
sential qujilities. 

MOR'TI-Fy, V. i. 1. To lose vital heat and action, and suf- 
fer the dissolution of organic texture, as flesh 3 to con'upt 
or gangrene. 2. To be subdued. 3. To practice severities 
and penance from religious motives. 

MOR'TI-Fy-ING, ppr. 1. Changing from soundness to gan- 
grene or sphacelus. 2. Subduing 3 humbling 3 restraining. 

3. a. Humiliating 3 tending to humble or abase. 

MOR'TiSE, (inoFtis) n. [Fr. mortaise.'] A cut or hollow 

place made in timber, to receive the tenon of another 
piece of timber. 

MOR'TiSE, V. t. 1. To cut or make a mortise in. 2. To 
join timbers by a tenon and mortise. 

MOR'TlSED, pp. Having a mortise 3 joined by a mortise and 
tenon. 

MOR'TIS-ING, ppr. Making a mortise 3 uniting by a mor- 
tise and tenon. 

MORT'MAIN, n. [Fr. mort and main.] In law, possession 
of lands or tenements in dead hands, or hands that cannot 
alienate. _ 

f MORT'PaY, n. [Fr. ^noi’t, and pay.] Dead pay 3 payment 
not made. Bacon. 

f MOR'TRESS, n. A dish of meat of various kinds beaten 
together. Bacon. 

MOIFTCJ-A-RY, n. [Fr. ino7'tualre.] 1. A sort of ecclesi- 
astical heriot, a customary gift claimed by and due to the 
minister of a parish on the death of a parishioner. 2. A 
burial place. 

MOR'TU-A-RY, a. Belonging to the burial of the dead. 

MO-Sa'I€, )a. [Fr. mosaique.] 1. Mosaic work is an 

MO-SaT-€AL, ^ assemblage of little pieces of glass, mar- 
ble, preciors stones, &c., of various colors, cut square and 
cemented Oi. a ground of stucco, in such a manner as 
imitate the colors and gradations of painting. 2. [From 
Moses.] Pertaining to Moses, the leader of the Israelites. 

MOS'CHA-TEL, 71. [fromGr.//oori(;o?.] A plant. 

MOSK, ) n. [Fr. mosque e ; It. moschea ; Ar. masjidon.] 

MOSCIHE, j A Mohammedan temple or place of religious 
worship. 

fMOS'KERED, a. Decayed 3 rotten. Granger. 

MOSS, 71. [Sax. meos ; G. moos ; D. mos.] 1. One of the 
seven classes into which all vegetables are divided by 
Linne. 2. [Sw. mase.] A bog 3 a place where peat is found. 

MOSS, V. t. To cover with moss by natural growth. 

MOSS -GLAD, a. Clad or covered with moss. 

MOSSED, pp. Overgrown with moss. 

MOSS'-GRoWN, a. Overgrown with moss. 

MOSS'I-NESS, 71. The state of being overgrown with 

moss. Bacon. 

MOSS'-TROOP-ER, n. A robber 3 a bandit. 

MOSS'Y, a. 1. Overgrown with moss 3 abounding with 
moss. 2. Covered with moss, or bordered with moss. 

MOST, a. superl. of more. [Sax. mwst ; D., Dan. meest ; 
G. meist.] 1. Consisting of the greatest number. 2. Con- 
sisting of the greatest quantity 3 greatest. 

MOST, ado. 1. In the greatest or highest degree. — As most 
is used to express the superlative degree, it is used before 
any adjective ; as, most vile. 

MOST, 71. [used as a substitute for a noun, when the noun 
is omitted or understood.] 1 . The greatest number or part. 
■ — 2. The most, the greatest value, amount or advantage, or 
the utmost in extent, degree or effect. — ^t the most, the 
greatest degree or quantity 3 the utmost extent. 

MOS'TIC, 71. [G. mahlerstoch.] A painter’s staff or stick on 
which he rests his hand in painting. 

MOST'LY, adv. For the greatest part. 

j MoST'WHAT, adv. For the most part. Hammond. 


MOU 

MOT. See Motto. 

^lO'TA-CIL, 71. [ij. motacilla.] A bird, the wagtail. 

n\ folkmote, &c. signifies a meeting. 

MOTE, 71. [Sax. mot ; Sp. mota.] A small particle 3 any 
thing proverbially small 3 a spot. 

t MO'l'E, for mouuht, might or must. Spenser. 

Mo'TET, 71. [Fr.T A musical composition 3 an air or hymn. 

MOTH, n. [Sax. mogthe, mohth, moth.] 1 . A small anima) 
which breeds in yarn and garments, and often eats and 
destroys tJiem.— 2. Figuratively, that which gradually 
and silently eats, consumes or wastes any thing. 

MOTH'eA'J', V. t. [moth and eat.] To eat or prey upon, as 
a moth eats a garment. Herbert. 

MOTH'eAT-EJ\, a. Eaten by moths. Job xiii. 

t MOTH'EN, a. Full of moths. Falke. 

M 6 TIFER, 71. [Sax. modcr ; D. moeder ; G. mutter ; Sw. 
and Dan. moder ; Ir. mathair ; Gr. paryp ; L. mater ; It., 
Sp., Port, madre.] 1. A female parent 3 especially, one of 
the human race 3 a woman who lias borne a child. 2 . 
That which has produced any thing. 3. 'J’hat which has 
preceded in time 3 the oldest or chief of any thing. 4 . 
Hysterical passion 3 [ 0 / 15 .] Or aunt. 5. A familiar term 
of address or appellation of an old woman or matron. 6 . 
An appellation given to a w'oman who exercises care and 
tenderness towards another, or gives parental advice. 
7. A thick slimy substance concreted in liquors, particu- 
larly in vinegar. 

MoTH'ER of pearl, n. The matrix of pearl 3 the shell in 
which pearls are generated 3 a species of imjtilus or 
mussel. 

MoTH'ER of thijme, n. A plant of the genus thtjmus. 

MoTH'ER, a. 1 . Native 3 natural 3 recev/ed by birth. 2. 
Native 3 vernacular 3 received from parents or ancestors 

MoTH'ER, V. i. To concrete, as the thick matter of liquors. 
Dry den. 

MoTH'ER, V. t. To adopt as a son or daughter. Howell. 

MoTH'ER-HOOD, n. The state of being a mother. 

M 6 TIPER-ING, a. To go a motheriyig, is to visit parents on 
Midlent Sunday, and is also known by the name of mid- 
lenting. Herrick. 

M6T1FER-IN-LAW, n. The mother of a husband or wife. 

M 6 TIFER-LESS, a. Destitute of a mother. 

M 6 TH'ER-LY, a. 1. Pertaining to a mother. 2. Becoming 
a mother 3 tender 3 parental. Arbuthnot. 

MoTH'ER-LY, adv. In the manner of a mother. 

M 6 TK'ER-WA-TER, 77 . A fluid remaining after the evap- 
oration of salt water, and containing deliquescent salts 
and impurities. 

M 6 TH'ER-WIT, n. Native wit 3 common sense. 

MoTH'ER-VVoRT, n. A plant of the genus leonurus. 

M 6 TIPER-Y, a. Concreted 3 resembling or partaking of 
the nature of mother. 

MOTH'MUL-LEN, 77 A plant. Miller. 

MOTH'WoRT, 77 . A plant. 

MOTHA^, a.- Full of motlis. Shak. 

Mo'TION, 77 . [L. 7 Kotio ; Fr. motion.] 1. The act or process 
of changing place 3 change of local position 3 the passing 
of a body from one place to another 3 change of distance 
between bodies. 2. Animal life and action. 3. Manner 
of moving the body 3 port 3 gait 3 air. 4. Change of pos- 
ture 3 action. 5. Military march or movement. 6 . Agi- 
tation. 7. Internal action 3 excitement. 8 . Direction 3 
tendency. 9. The effect of impulse 3 action proceeding 
from any cause, external or internal. 10. Proposal made 3 
proposition offered 3 particularly , a proportion made in a 
deliberative assembly. 11. A puppet-simw or puppet 5 
[ 77 / 75 .] Shak. 

Mo'TlON, v.t. To propose. [Little xiscd.] See Move. 

Mo'TlON, V. i. To advise 3 to make proposal 3 to offer 
plans. [Little used.] 

t Md'TION-ER, 77 . A mover. 

Mo'TION-LESS, a. Wanting motion 3 being at rest. 

Mo'TTVE, a. Causing motion 3 having power to move, or 
tending to move. Hooker. 

Mo'TiVE, n. [It., Sp., Port. 7770/7777) ; Fr. 7770 / 7 /.] 1. That 
which incites to action 3 that which determines the choice, 
or moves the will. 2. That which may or ought to incite 
to action ; reason ; cause. 3. A mover 3 [o/) 5 .] 

MO-TIV'I-TY, 77 . The power of producing motion. 

MOT LEY, a. [W.ysmot.] 1. Variegated in color 3 con- 
sisting of different colors 3 dappled. 2. Composed of dif- 
ferent or various parts, characters or kinds 3 diversified. 

Mo'TOR, 77 . [LJ A mover. Volta. 

Mo'TO-RY, a. Giving motion 3 as, motory muscles. Ray. 

MOT'TO, 77 . [It. 3 Sp., Port, mote ,• Fr. 7770 /.] Primarily, a 
word 3 but more commonly, a sentence or phrase prefixed 
to an essay or discourse, containing the subject of it, or 
added to a device. 

I MOUGHT I mogthe.] A moth. Wickliffe. 

t MOUGHt’. Used for might ; the pret. of the old verb 
mowc, now converted into may. Fairfax. 

Mould, an incorrect orthography. See Mold, and its de- 
rivatives. 


^ See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE 3 — BULL, UNITE.— C as K 3 0 as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


MO(J 


544 


MOV 


' M6ULT. See Molt. 

f JMOUN. May 5 must. See Mo we. 

f MOUNCH, or | MAUNCH, v. t. To chew. Chaucer. 

MOUND, u. [Sax. mund.'\ Sometliing raised as a defense 
or fortification, usually a bank of earth or stone j a bul- 
wark ; a rampart or fence. 

MO JNU, V. t. To fortify with a mound. Johnson. 

MOUND'ED, pp. Surrounded or defended by mounds. 

MOUND'ING, ppr. Defending by a mound. 

MOUNT, 71. [Fr. mont ,• Sax. munt ; It., Port., Sp. monte', 
L. Two/js.] 1. A mass of earth, or earth and rock, rising 
considerably above the common surface of the surround- 
ing land. 2. A mound 5 a bulwark for ofiense or defense. 
3. Formerly, a bank or fund of money 5 

MOUNT, V. i. [Fr. moyiter.] 1. To rise on high ; to ascend. 
2. 3’o rise ; to ascend ; to tower j to be built to a great 
altitude. 3. To get on horseback. 4. To leap upon any 
animal. 5. To amount j to rise in value. 

MOUNT, V. t. 1. To raise aloft j to lift on high. 2. To 
ascend ; to climb 5 to get upon an elevated place. 3. To 
place one’s self on horseback. 4. To furnish with liorses. 
5. To put on or cover with something ; to embellish with 
ornaments, b. To carry ; to be furnished with. 7. To 
raise and place on a carriage. — To mount guard, to take 
the station and do the duty of a sentinel. 

MUUNT'A-BLE, a. That may be ascended. Cotgrave. 

MOUNT'AIN, 71. [Fr. inontagne.'\ A large mass of earth 
and rock, rising above the common level of the earth or 
adjacent land, but of no definite altitude. 

MOUNT^AIN, a. Pertaining to a mountain; found on 
mountains ; growing or dwelling on a mountain. 

MOUNT'AIN-BLuE, n. Malachite; carbonate of copper. 

MOUNT-AIN-EEll', ) n. 1. An inhabitant of a mountain. 

MOUNT' AIN-ER, ) 2. A rustic; a freebooter; a sav- 
age. 

I MOUNT'AIN-ET, n. A small mountain ; a hillock. 

iviOUNT' AIN-GREEN, n. A carbonate of copper. 

MOUNT' AIN-OUS, a. 1. Full of mountains. 2. Large as 
a mountain ; huge. 3. Inhabiting mountains ; [ofis.] 
Bacon. 

MOUNT'AIN-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being full of 
mountains. Brerewood. 

MOUNT'AIN-PaRS-LEY, 71. A plant. Lee. 

MOUNT'AIN-ROSE, n. A plant. 

MOUNT'AIN-SoAP, 71. A mineral. Ure. 

MOUNT'ANT, a. [Fr. montant.] Rising on high. Shak. 

MOUNT'E-BANK, n. [It. montare and banco.] 1. One who 
mounts a bench or stage in the market or other public 
place, boasts of his skill in curing diseases, and vends 
medicines which he pretends are infallible remedies. 2. 
Any boastful and false pretender. 

MOUNT'E-BANK, t. To cheat by boasting mid false 
pretenses ; to gull. Shak. 

MOUNT'E-BANK-ER-Y, n. duackery ; boastful and vain 
pretenses. Hammond. 

MOUNT'ED, pp. Raised ; seated on horseback ; placed on 
a carriage ; covered or embellished ; furnished with guns. 
MOUNT'EN-AUNCE, n. Amount in space. Spenser. 
lOUNT'ER, 11 . One tliat mounts or ascends. 

MOUNT'ING, ppr. Rising ; soaring ; placing on horseback ; 
ascending an eminence ; embellishing. 

MOUNT'ING-LY, ado. By rising or ascending. 

MOUNT'Y, 71. The rise of a hawk. Sidney. 

MoURN, V. i. [Sax. nmrnan, myrnan.] 1. To express grief 
or sorrow ; to grieve ; to be sorrowful. 2. To wear the 
customary habit of sorrow. 

MoURN, V. t. 1. To grieve for; to lament. 2. To utter in 
a sorrowful manner. 

f MoURNE, (morn) n. [Fr. morne.] The round end of a 
staff; the part of a lance to which tlie steel or ferrule is 
fixed. 

MoURN'ER, n. 1. One tliat mourns oris grieved at any 
loss or misfortune. 2. One that follows a funeral in the 
habit of mourning. 3. Something used at funerals. 

MoURN'FlJL, a. 1. Intended to express sorrow, or exhib- 
iting the appearance of grief. Shak. 2. Causing sorrow ; 
sad ; calamitous. 3. Sorrowful ; feeling grief. 

MoUllN'FUL-LY, adv. In a manner expressive of sorrow ; 
with sorrow. J\1al. iii. 

MoURN'FUL-NESS, 71. 1. Sorrow' ; grief; state of mourn- 
ijig. 2. Appearance or ex'jVession of grief. 

MoURN'ING, ppr. Grieving ; lamenting ; sorrow'ing ; 
wearing the appearance of sorrow. 

MoURN^ING, n. 1. The act of sorrowing or expressing 
grief ; lamentation ; sorrow. 2. The dress or customary 
habit worn by mourners. 

MoURN'ING-U6VE, 71. A species of dove. 

iMoURN'ING-LY, adc. ith the appearance of sorrow. 

MOUSE, 77. pin. Mice. [Sax., Sw., L. 7/777.5.] 1. A small 
animal of the genus mus, inhabiting houses. — 2. Among 
seamen, a knob formed on a rope by spun-yarn or paixe- 
ling. 

MOUSE, (mouz) v.i. To catch mice. Shak. 

MOUSE, (mouz) v. t. To tear, as a cat devours a mouse. — 


To mouse a hook, with seamen, is to fasten a small lino 
across the upper part to prevent unhooking. 

MOUSE'-eAR, 77. A plant of the genus hieracium. 

MOUSE'-IIAVVK, 77. [Sax. inus-hafuc.] A hawk that de- 
vours mice. 

MOUSE'-HOLE, n. A hole where mice enter or pass; a 
very small hole or entrance. Still in gjleet. 

MOUSE'-llUNT, 77. 1. A hunting for mice. 2. Amouser; 
one that hunts mice. Shak. 

MOUS'ER, 77. One that catches mice. 

MOUSE'-TaIL, 77. A plant of the genus myosurus. 

MOUSE'-TRAP, 77. A trap for catching mice. Prior. 

MOUTH, 77. [Sax. muth.] 1. The aperture in the head of 
an animal, between the lips, by which he utters his voice 
and receives food. 2. The opening of a vessel by which 
it is filled or emptied. 3. The part or channel of a river 
by which its waters are discharged into the ocean or into 
a lake. 4. The opening of a piece of ordnance at the end, 
by which the charge issues. 5. The aiierture of a vessel 
in animal bodies, by wdiich fluids or other matter is re- 
ceived or discharged. 6. The opening or entrance of a 
cave, pit, well or den. Dan. viii. 7. The instrument of 
speaking. 8. A principal speaker ; one that utters the 
common opinion. 9. Cry ; voice. — 10. In Scripture, 
words uttered. Job xix. 11. Desires ; necessities. Ps. ciii. 
12. Freedom and boldness of speech ; force of argument. 
Luke xx\. 13. Boasting; vaunting. Judges ix. 14. Tes- 
timony. Deut. x\n. 15. Reproaches ; calumnies. Jobv. 

To make a mouth, or to make mouths. 1. To distort the 
mouth ; to make a wry face ; hence, to deride or treat 
with scorn. Addison. 2. To pout ; to treat disdainfully. 
— Down in the mouth, dejected ; mortified. L^F-strange . — 
To stop the mouth, to silence or to be silent ; to put to 
shame ; to confound. Rom. iii. 

MOUTH, V. t. 1. To utter with a voice affectedly big or 
swellijjg. 2. To take into the mouth ; to seize with the 
mouth. 3. To chew; to grind, as food; to eat; to de- 
vour. 4. To form by the mouth, as a bear her cub ; [not 
used.] 5. To reproach ; to insult. 

MOUTH, V. i. To speak with a full, round, or loud, affected 
voice ; to vociferate ; to rant. Addison. 

MOUTHED, pp. 1. Uttered with a full, swelling, affected 
voice. 2. Taken into the mouth; chewed. 3. a. Fur- 
nished with a mouth ; used chiejly in composition. 4. 
Borne down or overpowered by clamor. 

MOUTH'FRIEND, n. One who professes friendship with- 
out entertaining it ; a pretended friend. 

MOUTH'FUL, 77. 1. As much as the mouth contains at 
once. 2. A quantity proverbially small ; a small quantity. 

MOUTH HON-OR, n. Civility expressed witliout sincerity. 

MOUTH'ING, pjrr. Uttering with an affected, swelling 
voice. 

MOUTH'LESS, a. Destitute of a mouth. 

MOUTHCMADE, a. Expressed without sincerity. 

MOUTH'PIeCE, n. 1. The piece of a musical wind instru- 
ment to which the mouth is applied. 2. One W'ho de- 
livers the opinions of others. 

MOV'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be moved ; that can or may 
be lifted, carried, draw n, turned or conveyed, or in any 
W'ay made to change place or posture ; susceptible of mo- 
tion. 2. That may or does change from one time to an- 
other. 

MOV'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of being mov- 
able ; mobility ; susceptibility of motion. 

MOV'A-BIiE^, 77. plu. Goods, w'ares, commodities, furni- 
ture ; any species of property not fixed, and thus distin- 
guished from houses and lands. 

MOV'A-BLY, adv. So that it may be moved. Grew. 

MOVE, v.t. [L. moveo ; It. movere.] 1. To impel; to 
carry, convey or draw from one place to another; to 
cause to change place or posture in any manner or by any 
means. 2. To excite into action ; to affect ; to agitate ; 
to rouse. 3. To cause to act or determine. 4. I'o per- 
suade ; to prevail on ; to excite from a state of rest or in- 
difference. 5. To excite tenderness, pity or grief in the 
heart; to affect; to touch pathetically ; to excite feeling 
in. 6. To make angry; to provoke ; to irritate. 7. To 
excite tumult or commotion. 8. To influence or incite by 
secret agency. 9. To sJiake ; to agitate. 10. To propose ; 
to offer for consideration and determination. 11. To pro- 
pose ; to recommend. 12. To prompt; to incite; to in- 
stigate. Acts xvii. 

Move, v. i. l. To change place or posture ; to stir ; to pass 
or go m any manner or direction from one place or part 
of space to another. 2. To have action. 3. To have the 
pow'er of action. 4. To walk. 5. To march. 6. To 
tremble; to shake. 7. To change residence. 

MOVE, 77. The act of moving ; the act of transferring from 
place to place, as in chess. 

MOVED, pp. Stirred ; excited. 

MOVE'LESS, a. That cannot be moved ; fixed. 

MOVE*MENT, n. [Fr. mouvement.] 1. Motion ; a passing, 
progression, shaking, turning or flow’ing ; any change of 
position in a material body. 2. The manner of moving. 


*See SynopHs, A, E, I, 0, U, Y, long.— FAB,, FALL, WHAT PREY;— FIN, MARINE, BIRD;— j Obsolete. 


MUC 


545 


MUL 


3, Excitement ; agitation. — 4. In music, any single strain 
or part having the same measure or time. 

MO'VENT, a. ?L. moye?75.] Moving; not quiescent. [Z>. m.] 

Mo'VENT, n. That which moves any thing. [Little 

MoV'ER, n. 1. The person or thing that gives motion, or 
impels to action. 2. He or that which moves. 3. A pro- 
poser ; one that offers a proposition. 

MOV'ING, ppr. 1. Causing to move or act ; impelling ; in- 
stigating ; persuading ; influencing. 2. a. Exciting the 
passions or affections ; touching ; pathetic ; affecting ; 
adapted to excite or aflect the passions. 

MOV'ING, 71. Motive ; impulse. South. 

MOVHNG-LY, adv. In a manner to excite the passions or 
affect sensibility ; pathetically. Jiddison. 

MO VHXG-NESS, n. The power of affecting, as the passions. 

MOW, n. [Sax. motce, or muga.'\ A heap, mass or pile of 
hay deposited in a barn. 

MOW, V. t. To lay hay in a heap or mass in a barn, or to 
Ijiy it in a suitable manner. 

Mow, V. t. j pret. mowed ^ pp. mowed, or mown. [Sax. 
mmcan.] 1. To cut down with a sythe, as grass or other 
plants. 2. To cut the grass from. 3. To cut down with 
speed ; to cut down indiscriminately, or in great numbers 
or quantity. 

MOW, V. i. 1. To cut grass ; to practice mowing ; to use 
the sythe. 2. To perform the business of mowing ; to cut 
and make grass into hay ; to gather the crop of grass, or 
other crop. 

•f MOW, n. [from mouth.] A wry face. Shak. 

f MOW, V. i. To make mouths. Ascham. 

MOW'BURN, V. i. To heat and ferment in the mow, as 
hay when housed too green. JSIartimer. 

•j- MOWE, MOWEN, or MOUN, v. i. To be able ; must ; 
may. Chaucer. 

MoVVED, or MoWN, pp. 1. Cut with a sythe. 2. Cleared 
of grass with a sythe, as land. 

MoVV'ER, n. One who mows ; a man dextrous in the use 
of the sythe. 

MOW'ING, ppr. Putting into a mow. 

MoW'ING, ppr. Cutting down with a sythe. 

MoWTNG, n. 1. The act of cutting with a sythe. 2. Land 
from which grass is cut. 

MOX'A, 71. The down of the mugwort of China. 

MOYLE, n. A mule. See Mule. 

MUCH, a. [Sw.mijcken; Sp. mucho ; It. mucchio.] 1. Great 
in quantity or amount. 2. Long in duration. 3. Many 
in number. 

MUCH, adr. 1. In a great degree ; by far; qualifying ad- 
jectives of the comparative degree as, much more. 2. To 
a great degree or extent ; qualifying verbs and participles. 
3. Often or long. 4. Nearly. 

MUCH, 71. 1. A great quantity; a great deal. 2. More 
than enough ; a heavy service or burden. 3. An uncom- 
mon thing ; something strange. Bacon. 

As much. J. An equal quantity; used as an adjective or 
noun. 2. A certain or suitable quantity. 3. To an equal 
degree ; adverbially. — So much, an equal quantity, or a 
certain quantity, as a noun ; to an equal degree, or to a 
certain degree, as an adverb. — Too much, an excessive 
quantity, as a noun ; to an excessive degree, as an ad- 
verb. — To make much of. 1. To value highly. 2. To 
fondle. — Much at one, nearly of equal value, effect or in- 
fluence. 

t MUCH'EL, a. [Sax. mycel.] Much. Spenser. 

f MUCH'NESS, 71. Quantity. Whately. 

MUCH'WHAT, adv. Nearly ; almost. [JYot elegant.] Locke. 

MU'CIC, a. [from mucus.] The mucic acid is the same as 
the saccholactic. 

Mu'CID, a. [L. mucidus.] Musty ; moldy ; slimy. 

Mu'CID-NESS, 71. Mustiness ; sliminess. Ainsworth. 

MO'CI-LAGE, n. [F r. ; L. muvus.] 1. In chemistry , one 
of the proximate elements of vegetables. 2. The liquor 
which moistens and lubricates the ligaments and carti- 
lages of the articulations or joints in animal bodies. 

MU-CI-LAG'I-NOUS, a. 1. Pertaining to or secreting mu- 
cilage. Encyc. 2. Slimy ; ropy ; moist, soft and lubri- 
cous ; partaking of the nature of mucilage. 

MU-CI-L AG'I-NOUS-NESS, n. Sliminess ; the state of being 
mucilaginous. 

Mu'CITE, 71. A combination of a substance with mucous 
acid. Parke. 

MUCK, n. [Sax. meox, miox ,* Dan. mog.] 1. Dung in a 
moist state, or a mass of dung and putrefied vegetable 
matter. 2. ^mething mean, vile or filthy. — To run a 
muck, to run madly and attack all we meet. Pope. 

MUCK, V. t. To manure with muck. Tusser. 

MUCK, a. Wet ; moist. Orose. 

f MUCK'EN-DER, n. [Sp. mocadero ; Fr. mouchoir.] A 
pocket handkerchief. Dorset. 

t MUCK'ER, V. t. [from muck.] To scrape together money 
by mean labor or shifts. 

t MUCK'ER-ER, n. A miser; a niggard. Chaucer. 

MUeK'HILL, I ^ dunghill. Burton. 


MUCK'I-NESS, 71. Filthiness; nastiness. Johnson. 

t MU0KLE, a. [Sa.x. mycel.] Much. 

MUCK'S WEAT, (muk'swet) n. Profuse sweat. Johnson. 

MUCK'W6RM, 71. 1. A worm that lives in muck. 2. A 
miser; one who scrapes together money by mean labor 
and devices. Bunyan. 

MUCK'Y, a. Filthy ; nasty. Spenser. 

MU-Co'SO-SAC'CHA-RINE, a. Partaking of the qualities 
of mucilage and sugar. P'ourcroy. 

Mu'COUS, a. [L. mucus.] 1. Pertaining to mucus, or re- 
sembling it ; slimy, ropy and lubricous. 2. Secreting a 
slimy substance. 

Mu'COUS-NESS, 71. The state of being mucous; sliminess. 

Mu'CRO, n. [L.] A point. Brown. 

Mu'CRO-NATE, ) a. [L. mucronattis.] Narrowed to a 

MU'CRO-NA-TED, j point; terminating in a point. 

Mu'CU-LENT, a. [L. muculentus.] Slimy ; moist and 
moderately viscous. 

Mu'CUS, 71. [L.] 1. A viscid fluid secreted by the mucous 
membrane, which it serves to moisten and defend. 2. 
This term has also been applied to other animal fluids of a 
viscid quality, as the synovial fluid, which lubricates the 
cavities of the joints. 

MUD, n. [D. modder i G.moder.] Moist and soft earth of 
any kind, such as is found in marshes and swamps, at 
the bottom of rivers and ponds, or in high-ways after rain. 

MUD, V. t. 1. To bury in mud or slime. 2. To make tur- 
bid or foul with dirt ; to stir the sediment in liquors. 

MUD'DI-LY, adv. Turbidly ; with foul mixture. 

MUD'DI-NESS, 71. Turbidness; foulness caused by mud, 
dirt or sediment. Addison. 

MUD'DLE, V. t. 1. To make foul, turbid or muddy, as 
water. 2. To intoxicate partially ; to cloud or stupefy, 
particularly with liquor. 

MUD'DLE, V. i. To contract filth ; to be in a confused or 
dirty state. 

MUD'DLE, 71. A confused or turbid state. 

MUD'DLED, pp. Made turbid ; half drunk ; stupefied. 

MUD'DLING, ppr. Making foul with dirt or dregs ; making 
half drunk ; stupefying. 

MUD'DY, a. 1. Foul with dirt or fine earthy particles ; 
turbid, as water or other fluids. 2. Containing mud. 3. 
Dirty ; dashed, soiled or besmeared with mud. 4. Con- 
sisting of mud or earth ; gross ; impure. 5. Dark ; of the 
color of mud. 6. Cloudy in mind ; dull ; heavy ; stupid. 

MUD'DY, v.t. 1. To soil with mud; to dirty. 2. To 
cloud ; to make dull or heavy. Grew. 

MUD'DY-HEAD-ED, a. Having a dull understanding. 

MUD'-FISH, 71. A fisli, a species of the cyprinus kind. 

MUD'-SILL, 71. In bridges, the sill that is laid at the bot- 
tom of a river, lake, &c. 

MUD'-SU€K-ER, n. An aquatic fowl. Derham. 

MUD'-WALL, 71. 1. A wall composed of mud. South. 2. 
A bird, the apiaster. Ainsworth. 

MUD'-WALLED, a. Having a mud wall. Prior. 

MUD'-WoRT, 71. The least water plantain. 

MuE. See Mew. 

MUFF, 71 . [Dan. 7117/^, or Tim^e ,• G. tiiw^.] A warm cover 
for the hands usually made of fur or dressed skins. 

MUF'FIN, 71. A delicate or light cake. 

MUF'FLE, V. t. [D. nioffelcn.] 1. To cover from the weather 
by cloth, fur or any garment ; to cover close, particu- 
larly the neck and face. 2. To blindfold. 3. To cover; 
to conceal ; to involve. — 4. In seamanship , to put matting 
or other soft substance round an oar, to prevent its making 
a noise. 5. To wind something round the strings of a 
drum to prevent a sharp sound, or to render the sound 
grave and solemn. 

MUF'FLE, V. i. To mutter ; to speak indistinctly or with- 
out clear articulation. Holder. 

MUF'FLE, 71. [Sp. mufla.] In chemistry, a vessel in the 
shape of an oblong arch or vault. 

MUF'FLED, pp. Covered closely, especially about the face; 
involved ; blindfolded. 

MUF'FLER, 71. A cover for the face. Shak. 

MUF'FLING, ppr. Covering closely, especially about the 
face ; wrapping close ; involving ; blindfolding. 

MUF'FLON, 71. The wild sheep or musmon. 

MUF'TI, 71 . The high priest or chief of the ecclesiastical 
order among the Mohammedans. 

MUG, 71 . A kind of cup from which liquors are drank. 

t MUG'GARD, a. [Sen Muggy.] Sullen ; displeased. 

MUG'GENT, 71 . A species of wild, fresh-water duck. 

MUG'GISH, ) a. [W. 7nicca7i.] 1. Moist; damp; moldy. 

MUG 'GY, j 2. Moist; damp; close; warm and un- 
elastic. 

MUG'HOUSE, 71. An alehouse. Tickel. 

t MU'GI-ENT, a. [L. mugio.] Lowing ; bellowing. 

Mu'GlL, 71. [L.] The mallet, a genus of fishes. 

MUG'WEED, 71 . A plant of the genus valantia. 

MUG'WoRT, 71 . [Sax. mugwyrt.] A plant. 

MU-LAT'TO, 71 . [Sp. muJato.] A nerson that is the ofl> 
spring of a negress by a white man, or of a white woman 
by a negro. 

f Obsolete 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 

35 


MUL 


546 


MUM 


MUL'BER-RY, n. [Sw. mulbar ; G. maulbeere.] The berry 
or fruit of a tree of the genus morus. 

MUL'BER-RY-TREE, n. The tree which produces the 
mulberry. 

MULCH, n. Half-rotten straw. Bailey. 

MULCT, 71. \jLi. mulcta^ ox A fine imposed on a 

person guilty of some otfense or misdemeanor. 

MULCT, v.t. \1 j. mulcto.] To finej to punish for an of- 
fense or misdemeanor by imposing a pecuniary fine. 

MULCT'U-A-RY, a. Imposing a pecuniary penalty. 

MULE, 71 . [Sp., It. mulo ; L. mulus ; Sax. viul.] 1. A 
quadruped of a mongrel breed, usually generated between 
an ass and a mare, sometimes between a horse and a 
she-ass. 2. A plant or vegetable produced by impregna- 
ting the pistil of one species of plant with the farina or 
fecundating dust of another. 

MU-LET-EER/, n. [Fr. viuletier.] A mule-driver. 

MuLE'-WoRT, 71. A plant of the genus hemionitis. 

MU-LI-EB'RI-TY, n. [from L. muliebris.'] Womanhood \ 
the state of being a woman ; a state in females corres- 
ponding to virility in man ; also, effeminacy; softness. 

Mu'LI-ER, 71. [L.] In lawful issue born in wedlock 
tjiough begotten before. Encyc. 

Mu lish, a. Like a mule ; sullen ; stubborn. 

MULL, V. t. [qu. L. mollio.] 1. To soften ; or to heat, 
sweeten and enrich with spices. 2. To dispirit or deaden. 

t MULL, n. In Scottish, a snuff-box, made of the small end 
of a horn. Cumberland. 

t MULL, 71. Dust. Oower. 

MUL'LEN, 71. [Old Fr. molene.] A plant. 

MUL'LER, 71. [Fr. moliere.] 1. A stone held in the hand 
with which colors and other matters are ground on an- 
other stone ; used by painters and apothecaries. 2. An 
instrument used by glass grinders. 

MUL'LET, 71. [Fr. mulct ; L. mullus.] A fish. 

MUIi'LI-GRUBS, 71. A twisting of the intestines; sullen- 
ness. [./3 low toord.] 

MULL'ION, 77. [Fr. moulure.] A division in a window- 
frame ; a bar. 

MULLHON, V. t. To shape into divisions. Shak. 

JMUL'LOCK, 71. Rubbish. 

MULSE, 77. [L. mulsus.^ Wine boiled and mingled with 
honey. 

MULT-AN^GU-LAR, a. [h. multus and angulus.] Having 
many angles; polygonal. Martyn. 

MULT-AN'GU-LAR-LY, adv. With many angles. Qreio. 

f MULT-AN'GU-LAR-NESS, ii. The state of being polyg- 
onal. 

MUL-TI-CAP'SU-LAR, a. [L. multus and capsula.] In 
botany, having many capsules. Martyn. 

MUL-TI-Ca'VOUS, a. [L. multus and cavus.'] Having 
many holes or cavities. Diet. 

MUL-TI-Fa'RI-OUS, a. [L. multifarms.'] Having great 
multiplicity ; having great diversity or variety. 

MUL-TI-FA'RI-OUS-L Y , adv. With great multiplicity and 
diversity ; with great variety of modes and relations. 

MUL-TI-Fa'RI-OUS-NESS, 77. Multiplied divemity. 

MUL'TI-FID, a. [L. nndtifidus.] Having many divisions ; 
many-cleft ; divided into several parts by linear sinuses 
and straight margins. 

MUL-TIF'I-DOUS, a. [L. multifidus.] Having many par- 
titions ; cleft into many branches. 

MUL-TIF'LO-ROUS, a. [L. multus audios.] Many-flow- 
ered ; having many flowers. Martyn. 

MUL'TI-FORM, a. [L. 77777Zf,//br7?77s.i ^Having many forms, 
shapes or appearances. Watts. 

MUL-TI-FORM'I-TY, n. Diversity of forms; variety of 
shapes or appearances in the same thing. 

r>IUL-TI-GEI\'ER-OUS, a. [1 j. multigenus.] Having many 
kinds. Diet. 

MUL-TI-Ju'GOUS, a. [L. 77777Zt775 and 777fru777.1 Consisting 
of many pairs. 

MUL-TI-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. mtiltus and latus.] Having 
many sides. 

MUL-Tl-LIN'E-AL, a. Having many lines. 

MUL-TI-LOC'U-LAR, a. [h. multus and loculus.] Having 
many cells. Martyn. 

MUL-TlL'O-CiUOUP, a. [L. multus and loquor.] Speaking 
much ; very talkative ; loquacious. Diet. 

MUL-Tl-No'MI-AL, ) a. [L. multus and 77077767 ?.] Hav- 

MUL-Tl-NOMB-NAL, ) iug many names or terms. Diet. 

M UL-Tl-NOMfl-]\ OUS. The s.ame as multinomial. 

MUL-TIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. multus and pario.] Producing 
many at a birth. 

MUL-TIP'AR-TITE, a. [h. multus and partitus.] Divided 
into many parts ; having several parts. 

MUL'Tl-PED, 77. [L. 77777Zf77s and pe*’.] An insect that has 
many feet. 

MUL''l’f-PEI), a. Having many feet. 

MUL'TI-PLE, a. [L. multiplex.] Containing many times. 

MUL'TI-PLE, 77. I7i arithmetic, a common multiple of two or 
more numbers contains each of them a certain number 
of times exactly ; t/ius 24 is a common multiple of 3 
and 4. 


MUL'TI-PLEX, a. [L.l Many-fold ; having petals lying 
over each other in folds. Martyn. 

MUL'TI-PLi-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be multiplied. 

MUL'TI-PLi-A-BLE-NEsS, n. Capacity of being multiplied. 

MUL'TI-PLI-€A-BLE, a. That may be multiplied. 

MUL-TI-PLI-CAND', n. [L. multiplicandus.] In arithmetic, 
the number to be multiplied by another. 

MUL'TI-PLI-CATE, a. [L. multiplicatus.] Consisting of 
many or more than one. 

MUL-TI-PLI-Ca'TION. 77. [L. multiplicatio .] 1. The act 

of multiplying or of increasing number. — 2. In arithmetic, 
a rule or operation by which any given number may be 
increased according to any number of times proposed. 

MUL'TI-PLI-CA-TlVE, a. Tending to multiply; having 
the power to multiply or increase numbers. 

MUL-TI-PLI-Ca'TOR, 77. The number by which another 
number is multiplied ; a multiplier. 

MUL-TI-PLt"CIOUS, a. Manifold. Brown. 

MUL-TI-PLIC'I-TY, n. [Fr. multiplicite.] 1. A state of 
being many. 2. Many of the same kind. 

MUL'TI-PLiED, pp. 1. Increased in numbers. 2. Numer- 
ous ; often repeated. 

MUL'TI-PLi-ER, 77. I. One who multiplies, or increases 
number. 2. The number in arithmetic by which another 
is multiplied ; the multiplicator. 

MUL'TI-PLY, V. t. [L. multiplico.] 1. To increase in num- 
ber ; to make more by natural generation or production, 
or by addition. — 2. In arithmetic, to increase any given 
number as many times as there are units in any other 
given number. 

MUL'TI-PLY, V. i. I. To grow or increase in number. 2. 
I'o increase in extent ; to extend ; to spread. 

MUL'TI-PLY-ING, ppr. I. Increasing in number. 2. Grow- 
ing or becoming numerous. 

MUL-TIP'O-TENT, a. [L. multipotens.] Having manifold 
power, or power to do many things. 

MUL-Tl-PRES'ENCE, n. [L. multus and prasentia.] The 
power or act of being present in many places at once. 

MUL-TIS'ClOUS, a. [L. multischis.] Having variety of 
knowledge. 

MUL-TI-SiL'1-Q.UOUS, a. [L. multus and siliqua.] Hav- 
ing many pods or seed-vessels. Bailey. 

MUL-TIS'O-NOUS, a. [L. multus and 5077775.] Having 
many sounds, or sounding much. Bailey. 

MUL-TI-SYL'LA-BLE, n. A polysyllable. 

MUIi'TI-TUDE, 77 . [Fr. ; L. multitudo.] 1. The state of 
being many ; a great number. 2. A number collectively ; 
the sum of many. 3. A great number, indefinitely. 4. 
A crowd or throng ; the populace. 

MUL-TI-Tu'DI-NOUS, a. 1. Consisting of a multitude or 
great number. 2. Having the appearance of a multitude. 
3. Manifold. 


a. [L. multivagus.] Wandering 
much. Diet. 

An animal 


MUL-TIV'A-GANT, 

t MUL-TIWA-GOUS, 

MUL'TI-VALVE, n. [L. multus and valvce.] 
which has a shell of many valves. Zoology. 

MUL'TI-VALVE, 1 

MUL-TI-VALV'U-LAR, \ many valves. 

MUL-TIV'ER-SANT, a. [L. multus and verto.] Protean ; 
turning into many shapes ; assuming many forms. 

MUL-TIV'I-OUS, a. [L. multus and via.] Having many 
ways or roads. [Little used.] Diet. 

MUL-TOC'U-LAR, a. [L. multus and oc77Zt 75.] Having 
many eyes, or more eyes than two. Derham. 

MULT'URE, 77. [L. molitura.] 1. In Scottish law, the toll or 
emolument given to the proprietor of a mill for grinding 
corn. 2. A grist or grinding. 

MUM, 77. 1. Silent; not speaking. 2. As an exclamation 
or command, be silent ; hush. 3. As a noun, silence. 

MUM, 77 . [G., Dan. 777777/777/e ; D. 7770777 .] A species of malt 
liquor much used in Germany. 

MUM'BUD-GET, inter j. [77777777 and budget.] An expression 
denoting secresy as well as silence ; used in a contempt- 


uous or ludicrous manner. 

MUM'-CHANCE, n. A game of hazard with dice. [Local.] 
2. A fool. [Local.] 

MUM'BLE, V. i. [G. mummeln.] 1. To mutter ; to speak 
with the lips or other organs partly closed, so as to render 
the sounds inarticulate and imperfect ; to utter words with 
a grumbling tone. 2. To chew or bite softly ; to eat with 
ihe lips close. 

MUM'BLE, V. t. 1. To utter with a low, inarticulate voice. 
2. To mouth gently, or to eat with a muttering sound. 3. 
To suppress or utter imperfectly. 

MUM'BLED, /7p, Uttered with a low inarticulate voice; 
chewed softly or with a low muttering sound. 

MUM'BLE-NEWS, n. A kind of tale-bearer. Shak. 

MUM'BLER, 77. One that speaks with a low, inarticulate 
voice. 

MUM'BLING, ppr. Uttering with a low, inarticulate voice ; 
chewin<r softly or with a giaimbling sound. 

MUM'BLING-LY, adv. With a low, inarticulate utterance. 

MUMM, v.t. [Dan. mumme; Yx. mummer.] To mask ; to 
sport or make diversion in a mask or disguise. 


* Sec Synopsis. A, 


K, I, 


O, U, Y, Zo77^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;—PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— j Obsolete. 


MUN 


547 


MUS 


MUM^MER, n. One who masks himself and makes diver- 
sion in dis^ise ; originally^ one who made sport by gest- 
ures without speaking. 

MUM'MER-Y, n. [Fr, momcrie.'] 1. Masking; sport; 
diversion ; frolicking in masks ; low, contemptible amuse- 
ment ; buftbonery. 2. Farcical show ; hypocritical disguise 
and parade to delude vulgar minds. 

MUM'MI-Fy, V. t. To make into a mummy. Journ. of 
Science. 

MUM'MY, n. [It. niummia; Arabic, viomia.] 1. A dead 
human body embalmed and dried after the Egyptian man- 
ner. 2. The name of two substances prepared for medi- 
cinal use, which, according to Hilf are, the one, the dried 
flesh of human bodies embalmed with myrrh and spice ; 
the ot.her, a liquor running from such mummies when 
newly prepared, or when affected by great heat and 
damps. 3. There are found in Poland natural mummies 
lying in caverns, supposed to be the remains of persons 
who in time of war took refuge in caves. — 4. Among 
gardeners^ a sort of wax used in grafting and planting 
trees. — To beat to a mummy, to beat soundly, or to a sense- 
less mass. 

MUM'MY-CIIOG, 71. A small fish of the carp kind. 

MUMP, V. t. [D. inompen.] 1. To nibble ; to bite quick ; to 
chew with continued motion. 2. To talk loud and quick. 
3. To go begging. 4. To deceive ; to cheat. 

MUMP ER, n. A beggar. Johnson. 

MUMPTNG, 11 . Begging tricks ; foolish tricks ; mockery. 

MUMP ISH, a. Dull ; heavy ; sullen ; sour. 

MUMPS, n. 1. Sullenness ; silent displeasure; [Z. 7^.] Skin- 
ner. 2. A disease, the cynancJie parotidcca, a swelling of 
the parotid glands. 

MUNCH, V. t. To chew by great mouthfuls. [ Vulgar.'] 

MUNCH, V. i. To chew eagerly by great mouthfuls. 

MUNCH'ER, n. One that munches. Johnson. 

MUND, Sax. mund, protection, patronage, peace, is found 
in old laws ; as mundbrece, that is, a breaking or violation 
of the peace. It is retained in names, as in Edmund, Sax. 
eadmund, happy peace, as in Greek Irenceus, Hesychius. 

MUN'DANE, a. [L. mundanus.] Belonging to the world. 

|MUN-DANT-TY, n. Worldliness. Mountague. 

I MUN-Da'TION, n. [L. inundus.] The act of cleans- 


ing. 

MUN'DA-TO-RY, a. [L. mundo.] Cleansing; having 
power to cleanse. [Little used.] 
t MUN'DIC, n. A kind of marcasite ; a mineral. 
MUN-DI-FI-€a'TION, 71. [h. mundus tund facio.] The act 
or operation of cleansing any body. Quincy. 
MUN-DIF^I-CA-TiVE, a. Cleansing ; having the power to 


r*lpnn€jp TVi^PYnmi 

MUN-DIFH-CA-TiVE, 71. A medicine that has the quality 
of cleansing. 

MUN'DI-FY, V. t. [L. inundus and /acio.] To cleanse. 

MUN-DIV'A-GANT, a. [L. mundivagus.] Wandering 
through the world. Diet. 

MUN-DUN'GUS, 71. Stinking tobacco. Phillips. 

Mu'NER-A-RY, a. [L. inunus.] Having the nature of a 
gift. [Little used.] Johnson. 

t Mu'NEKr-ATE. ) 

|MU-NER-a'TION. i See Remunerate. 

MUNG'CORN, 71 . Mixed corn. See Mangcorn. 

MUN'GREL, n. [See Mongrel.] An animal generated be- 
tween different kinds, as a dog. 

MUN^GREL, a. Generated between different kinds ; de- 


generate. Shak. Dryden. 

MU-NIC'I-PAL, et. [Fr. ; E. municipalis.] 1. Pertaining to 
a corporation or city. 2. Pertaining to a state, kingdom 
or nation. — Municipal, as used by the Romans, originally 
designated that which pertained to a municipium, a free 
city or town. 

MU-Nl-CI-PAL'I-TY, ii. In France, a certain district or 
division of the country ; also, its inhabitants. Burke. 

f MU-NIFT-C ATE, v. t. [L. munifico.] To enrich. Cockeram. 

MU-NIF'I-CENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. munificentia.] 1. A giving 
or bestowing liberally ; bounty ; liberality. 2. In Spenser, 
fortification or strength ; [ois.] 

MU-NIFT-CENT, a. Liberal in giving or bestowing; gen- 
erous. Jitterbury. 

MU-NIFT-CENT-LY, adv. Liberally ; generously. 

MO'NI-MENT, 77. [E. muniment um.] 1. A fortification of 
any kind ; a strong hold ; a place of defense. 2. Sup- 
port ; defense. 3. Record ; a writing by which claims 
and rights are defended or maintained. 

t Mu'NITE, V. t. To fortify. Bacon. 

MU-NI''TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. munitio.] 1. Fortification ; [oJs.] 
Hale. 2. Ammunition ; whatever materials are used in war 
for defense, or for annoying an enemy. 3. Provisions of a 
garrison or fortress, or for ships of war, and in general 
for an army. — Munition-ships, ships which convey mili- 
tary and naval stores. 

t Mu'NI-TY, 77. Freedom ; security. See Immunity. 

MUNN'ION, (mun'yun) n. An upright piece of timber 
which separates tire several lights in a window-frame. 
See Mullion. 


MUNS ) 

MUNDS, j mouth. [Vulgar.] 

Mu^RAGE, 77. [L. 777777*775.] Monoy paid for keeping walls 
in repair. Johnson. 

Mu'RAL, a. [L. muralis.] 1. Pertaining to a wall. 2. 
Resembling a wall ; perpendicular or steep.— Jlf 77 raZ crown, 
among the ancient Romans, a golden crown, bestowed on 
him who first mounted the wall of a besieged place. 
MUR'DER, 77. [Sax. morther; E.moordj G., Dan., Sw. 
mord.] 1. The act of unlawfully killing a human being 
with premeditated malice, by a person of sound mind. 2° 
An outcry, when life is in danger. 

MUR'DER, 77. t. [Sax. 777^rt/77a77 ,* D. moorden.] 1. To kill 
a human being with premeditated malice. 2. To destroy ; 
to put an end to. 

MUR'DERED, pp. Slain with malice prepense. 
MUR'DER-ER, 77. 1. A person who, in possession of his 
reason, unlawfully kills a human being with premeditated 
malice. 2. A small piece of ordnance. 

MUR'DER-ESS, 77. A female who commits murder. 
MUR'DER-ING, ppr. Killing a human being with malice 
premeditated. 

MUR'DER-ING-PIeCE, 77. A small piece of ordnance. 
Shak. 

I MUR'DER-MENT, 77. The act of killing unlawfully. 
Fairfax. 

MUR'DER-OUS, a. 1. Guilty of murder. 2. Consisting in 
murder; done with murder ; bloody; cruel. 3. Bloody; 
sanguinary ; committing murder. 4. Premeditating mui- 
der. 

MUR'DER-OUS-LY, ado. In a murderous or cruel manner, 
t MURE, 77. [L. 777777*775.] A Wall. Shok. 

MURE, V. t. [Fr. 777777*er.] To inclose in walls ; to wall, 
t Mu'REN-GER, 77. An overseer of a wall. Ainsworth. 
Mu'RI-A-CITE, 77. A stone composed of salt, sand and 
gypsum. 

Muail-ATE, 77 . [L. muria.] A salt formed by muriatic 
acid combined with a base. 

Mu'RI-A-TED, a. 1. Combined with muriatic acid. Kirwan. 
2. Put in brine. Evelyn. 

MU-RI-ATTC, a. Having the nature of brine or salt water ; 
pertaining to sea salt. 

MU-RI-A-TIFER-OUS, a. Producing muriatic substances 
or salt. 

MU-RI-CAL'CITE, n. Rhomb-spar. Urc. 

Mu'RI-CA-TED, a. [L. muricatus.] 1. Formed with sharp 
points ; full of sharp points or prickles. — 2. In botany, 
having the surface covered with sharp points, or armed 
with prickles. 

Mu'RI-CITE, 77. Fossil remains of the murex, a genus of 
shells. 

Mu'RINE, a. [L. 77777r 777775 .] Pertaining to a mouse or to 
mice. 

MURK, 77. [Sw. marker.] Darkness. [Little used.] 

MURK a. [Dan. 777br^i:.] Dark; obscure; gloomy. 
MURAIUR, 77 . [L.] 1. A low, sound continued or contin- 
ually repeated, as that of a stream running in a stony 
channel, or that of flame. 2. A complaint half suppressed , 
or uttered in a low, muttering voice. 

MUR'MUR, V. i. [L. inurmuro.] 1. To make a low, con- 
tinued noise, like the hum of bees, a stream of water, 
rolling waves, or like the wind in a forest. 2. To grum- 
ble ; to complain ; to utter complaints in a low, half- 
articulated voice ; to utter sullen discontent. 
MUR'MUR-ER, n. One who murmurs ; one who complains 
sullenly ; a grumbler. 

f MUR-MUR- action, n. [L. murmuratio.] A low sound ; 

the act of murmuring or muttering. 

MUR'MUR-ING, p/77*. Uttering complaints in a low voice 
or sullen manner ; grumbling ; complaining. 
MUR'MUR-ING-LY, ado. 'With a low sound ; with com- 
plaints. 

MUR'MUR-OUS, a. Exciting murmur or complaint, 
f MUR^NI-VAL, 77 . [Fr. mornijle.] Four cards of a sort. 
Skinner. 

t MURR, 77 . A catarrh. Oascoigne. 

MUR'RAIN, (muFrin) n. [Sp. morrina.] An infectious and 
fatal disease among cattle. Bacon. 
fMUR^RAIN, a. Infected with the murrain. Shak. 
MUR'RE, 77 . A kind of bird. Carew. 

MUR'REY, a. Of a dark red color. Bacon. 

MUR'RHINE, a. [L. inurrhinus.] An epithet given to a 
delicate kind of ware or porcelain brought from the East. 
MUR'RI-ON, 77 . [Port. 777orr7a777.] A helmet; a casque; 

armor for the head. King. 

MURTH of Corn, n. Plenty of grain. 

I MU-SARD', 77 . [Fr.] A dreamer ; one who is apt to be 
absent in mind. Chaucer. 

MUS'€A-DEL, \ a. and n. [It. moscatello ; Port., Sp. mosca- 
MUS'€A-DINE, f telj Fr. muscat, muscadin.] 1. An 
MUS-OAT', ( appellation given to a kind of rich 
MUS'€A-TEL, ) wine, and to the grapes which produce 
it. 2. A sweet pear. 

MUS'CLE, (mus'sl) n. [Fr. ; L. musculus.] 1. In anatomy, the 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; $ as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. [Obsolete, 


MUS 


548 


MUT 


muscles are the organs of motion, consisting of fibres 
or bundles of fibres inclosed in a thin cellular membrane. 
2. A bivalvular shell fish of the genus mytilus', some- 
times written mussel. 

MUS-COS'i-TY, n. Mossiness. 

MUS-€0-Va 'DO, n. Unrefined sugar; the raw material 
from which loaf and lump sugar are procured by refining. 

MUS'€0-VY-DU€K,?i. The musk-duck. 

MUS'€0-VY-GLASS, n. Mica, which see. 

MUS'GU-LAR, a. 1. Pertaining to a muscle. 2. Performed 
by a muscle. 3. Strong ; brawny ; vigorous. 

MUS-eU-LAR'I-TY, n. The state of being muscular. 

MUS'€U-LITE, 71 . A petrified muscle or shell. 

MUS'eU-LOUS, a. [L. r/m 5 c«/o 5 M 5 .] 1. Full of muscles. 2. 
Strong; brawny. 3. Pertaining to a muscle or to muscles. 

MUSE, 7 i. [L. 1. Propei'ly^ song; but in usage^ 

the deity or power of poetry. 2. Deep thought ; close 
attention or contemplation which abstracts the mind from 
passing scenes ; hence, sometimes, absence of mind. 

MUSE, n. One of the nine sister goddesses, who, in the 
Jieathen imjthologijj are supposed to preside over the liberal 
arts. 

MUSE, V. i. [Fr. muser.] 1. To ponder ; to think closely ; 
to study in silence. 2. To be absent in mind ; to be so 
occupied in study or contemplation, as not to observe 
passing scenes or things present. 3. To wonder ; [ 065 .] 

MUSE, V. t. To think on ; to meditate on. Thomson. 

MuSE'FUL, a. Thinking deeply ; silently thoughtful. Dry- 
den. 

MuSE'LESS, a. Disregarding the power of poetry. 

MuS'ER, 71 . One who thinks closely in silence, or one apt 
to be absent in mind. Johnson. 

Mu'SET, 71 . The place through which the hare goes to re- 
lief ; a huntmg ter 7 n. Bailey. 

MU-Se'UM, 71. [Gr. ixovaeiov .1 A house or apartment ap- 
propriated as a repository of things that have an immedi- 
ate relation to the arts ; a cabinet of curiosities. 

MUSU, n. [G. mus.] The meal of maize boiled in water. 

MUSH'ROOM, 77 . [Fr. 77ioi7.56-ero7t.] 1. The common name 

of numerous cryptogamiau plants of the natural order of 
fungi. 2. An upstart ; one that rises suddenly from a 
low condition in life. 

MUSH'ROOM-STONE, 71. A fossil or stone that produces 
mushrooms ; the hjncurius. Woodward. 

Mtj'SiG, 71. [Li. musiea ; Yx. 7n7t.sique.'\ 1. Melody or har- 
mony ; any succession of sounds so modulated as to please 
the ear, or any combination of simultaneous sounds in 
accordance or harmony. 2. Any entertainment consist- 
ing in melody or harmony. 3. The science of harmonical 
sounds, which treats of the principles of harmony, or the 
properties, dependencies and relations of sounds to each 
other. 4. The art of combining sounds in a manner to 
please the ear. 5. Order ; harmony in revolutions. 

Mu'SI-€AL, a. 1. Belonging to music. 2. Producing mu- 
sic or agreeable sounds. 3. Melodious ; harmonious ; 
pleasing to the ear. 

Mu'SI-GAL-LY, adv. In a melodious or harmonious man- 
ner ; with sweet sounds. 

Mu'SI-GAL-NESS, 71. The quality of being melodious or 
harmonious. 

Mu'SI€-BOOK, 71. A book containing tunes or songs for 
the voice' or for instruments. 

MU-Si"CIAN, 71 . A person skilled in the science of music, 
or one that sings or performs on instruments of music 
according to the rules of the art. 

Mu'f?I€-MAS-TER, 71. One who teaches music. 

MuS'ING, p/>r. Me(litating in silence. 

MuS'TNG, 71. Meditation ; contemplation. 

MUSK, n. [L. 7 nuscus.'] A strong-scented substance ob- 
tained from a cyst or bag near the navel of the Thibet 
musk, [moschns rnoschiferus^] an animal that inhabits the 
mountains of Central Asia. 

MUSK, 77 . Grape-hyacinth or grape-flower. Johnson. 

MUSK, 7 ). t. To perfume with musk. 

MUSK'-AP-PLE, 71. A particular kind of apple. 

MUSK’-CAT, 71. The musk, which see. 

MUSK'-CIIER-RY, 71. A kind of cherry. 

MUS'KET, 71. [It. 7noschetto ; Fr. mousquet.] 1. A species 
of fire-arms used in war. 2. A male hawk of a small 
kind, the female of which is the sparrow-hawk. 

MUS-KET-EER', ti. A soldier armed with a musket. 

MUS-Kk'TOE, ^ 71. [Sp., Port. 7 /io.?f/ 77 t 7 .o.] A small insect 

MUS-Q-Uk'TOE, \ of the genus culex, that is bred in wa- 
ter ; a species of gnat that abounds in marshes and low 
lands, and whose sting is peculiarly painful and vexatious. 

MUS-KE-TOON', 77 . [Fr. mousqueion.~\ 1. A short thick 
musket ; the shortest kind of blunderbuss. 2. One who 
is armed with amusketoon. Herbert. 

MUSK'T-NE?S, 71. [from musk.'] The scent of musk. 

MUSK'MEL-ON, 71. A delicious species of melon ; named 
probably from its fragrance. 

MUSK'- 6 X, 71. A species of the genus bos, which inhabits 
the country about ’•^nd^on’s Bay. 

MUSK'-PEaR, 77 . A fragrant kind of pear. Jolmso7i. 


MUSK'RAT, or MUS'Q-UASH, 77. An American animal of 
the murine genus, the mus zibethicus. 

MUSK'Ro^E, 71. A fragrant species of rose. 

MUSK'-SEED, 71. A plant of the genus hibiscus. 

MUSK'-WOOD, 71. A species of plant of the genus trichilia. 

MUSK'Y, a’. 'Having the odor of musk ; fragrant. 

MUS'LIN, 77. [Fr. znousscline i It. znussolina, mussolo.] A 
sort of fine cotton cloth, which bears a downy knot on its 
surface. 

MUS'LIN, a. Made of muslin ; as, timuslhi gown. 

MUS-LIN-ET', 77. A sort of coarse cotton cloth. 

MUS 'MON, or MUS'I-MON, 71. An animal esteemed a spe- 
cies of sheep. 

MUS'ROLE, 71. [Fr. muserolle.] The nose-band of a horse’s 
bridle. 

t MUSS, 77. A scramble. Shak. 

MUS'SEL. See Muscle. 

t MUS-S1 -Ta'T 10N, 77. [L. 777 W557i77.] Murmur ; grumble. 

MUS'SITE, 77. A variety of pyroxene. 

MUS'SUL-MAN, 77. A Mohammedan or follower of Mo- 
hammed. 

MUS'SUL-MAN-ISH, a. Mohammedan. Herbert. 

MUST, 77 . 7. [Sax. most] D. moeten, moest.] 1. To be 
obliged ; to be necessitated. 2. It expresses moral fitness 
or propriety, as necessary or essential to the character or 
end proposed. 

MUST, 77. [li.7nustum; Sax. 777T7 sU] New wine; wine 
pressed from the grape but not fermented. 

MUST, 77 . t. [Fr. 7770757.] To make moldy and sour. 

MUST, V. i. To grow moldy and sour; to contract a fetid 
smell. 

MUS'TA^ 71. A small tufted monkey. 

MUS-Ta'CHES, 77. [Fr. moustaches ; Sp. mostacho ; It. mos- 
tacchio.] Long hair on the upper lip. 

MUS'TARD, 77. [it. mostarda.] A plant. 

MUS-TEE', or MES-TEE , n. A person of a mixed breed. 
TV* Indies* 

MUS'TE-LINE, a. [L. 777775 ^ 6 / 777775 .] Pertaining to the 
weasel or animals of the genus mzistela. 

MU.S'TER, 7 ;. L [G. 777775/67*77 ; D. monsteren.] Properly^ to 
collect troops for review, parade and exercise ; but in gevr 
eral, to collect or assemble troops, persons or things. 

MUS'TER, V. i. To assemble ; to meet in one place. 

MUS'TER, 77. [It., Port, znostra.'] 1. An assembling of 
troops for review, or a review of troops under arms. 2. 
A register or roll of troops mustered. 3. A collection, or 
the act of collecting. — To pass muster, to be approved or 
allowed. 

MUS'TER-B00K,77. a book in which forces are regis- 
tered. 

MUS'TER-MAS-TER, 77. One who takes an account of 
troops, and of their arms and other military apparatus. 

MUS'TER-RoLL, 71. A roll or register of the troops. 

MUST'I-LY, ad77. Moldily; sourly. 

MUST'I-NESS, 77. The quality of being musty or sour; 
moldiness; damp foulness. Evelyn. 

MUST'Y, a. 1. Moldy; sour; foul and fetid. 2. Stale; 
spoiled by age. 3. Having an ill flavor. 4. Dull ; heavy ; 
spiritless. 

MU-TA-BIL'I-TY, 77. [Fr. mutabilite ,* L. mutabilitas.] 
1. Changeableness ; susceptibility of change. 2. The 
state of habitually or frequently changing. 3. Changea- 
bleness, as of mind, disposition or will ; inconstancy ; in- 
stability. 

Mu'TA-BLE, a. [It. 77777 / 0 / 77/6 ,* L. 77777/a/»7/75.] L Subject to 
change ; changeable; that may be altered in form, quali- 
ties or nature. 2. Inconstant ; unsettled ; unstable ; sus- 
ceptible of change. 

Mu'TA-BLE-NES.S, 71. Changeableness; mutability; in- 
stability. 

MU-Ta'TION, 77 . [L. 77777/0/70.] 1. The act or process of 
changing. 2. Change ; alteration, either in form or qual- 
ities. 

MUTE, a. [L. 77777/775 ; Fr. ? 7 ? 776 /.] 1. Silent ; not speaking ; 
not uttering words, or not having the power of utterance ; 
dumb. 2. Uttering no sound. 3. Silent; not pronoun- 
ced. 

MUTE, 77. 1. In laze, a pei*son that stands speechless when 
he ought to answer or plead. — 2. In ffrajnmar, a letter 
that represents no sound ; a close articulation which inter- 
cepts the voice. — 3 . In 7777757c, a little utensil of wood or 
brass, used on a violin to deaden or soften the sounds. 

MUTE, V. i. [Fr. 777U/7V.] To eject the contents of the 
bowels, as birds. B. .Tonson. 

MUTE, 77 . The dung of fowls. 

MU1T7LY, ado. Silently ; without uttering words or sounds. 

IMuTE'NESS, 77. Silence; forbearance of speaking. 

Mu'TI-LATE, u. /. [L. 77777 / 7 / 0.1 1. To cut off a limb or 

essential part of an animal body. 2. To cut or break off, 
or otherwise separate any important part. 3. To retrench, 
destroy or remove any material part, so as to render the 
thing imperfect. 

Mu'TI-LA-TED, pp. Deprived of a limb or of an essential 
part. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, U, Y, /t777 ^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; 


I Obsolete, 


MYR 


549 


MYT 


MD'TI-LA-TED, ) a. In botany^ the reverse of luxuriant ; 

MU'Tl-LATE, \ not producing a corol, when not regu- 
larly apetalous. 

Mu'Tl-LA-TlNG, ppr. Ketrenching a limb or an essential 
part. 

MU-TI-La'TION, 71. [L. mutilatio.'] The act of mutilating j 
deprivation of a limb or of an essential part. 

Mu Tl-LA-TOR, 11. One who mutilates. 

MU'T [-Lulls, a. Mutilated 5 defective 3 imperfect. 

Mu'TINE, a mutineer, and MU'TINE, to mutiny, are not 
in use. 

MU-TI-NEER', n. One guilty of mutiny. Sec Mutiny. 

MuT'ING, n. The dung of fowls. More. 

MU'TI-NOGS, a. 1. Turbulent; disposed to resist the au- 
thority of laws and regulations in an army or navy, or 
openly resisting such authority. 2. Seditious. 

Mu'Tl-iVOUS-LV, ado. In a manner or with intent to op- 
pose lawful authority or due subordination in military or 
naval service. 

MU'TI-NOUS-NESS, n. The state of being mutinous ; op- 
position to lawful authority among military men. 

MU'Tl-NY, 7 i. [Ft. mutiiierie.~\ An insurrection of soldiers 
or seamen against the authority of their commanders ; 
open resistance of officers, or opposition to their authority. 

Mu'TI-NY, V. i. To rise against lawful authority in milita- 
ry and naval service. 

MUT'TER, V. i. [L. mutio.] 1. To utter words with a low 
voice and compressed lips, with sullenness or in com- 
plaint ; to grumble ; to murmur. 2. To sound with a low, 
rumbling noise. 

MUT'TER, v.t. To utter with imperfect articulations, or 
with a low, murmuring voice. 

MUTTER, n. Murmur; obscure utterance. Milton. 

MUT'TERED, pp. Uttered in a low, murmuring vmice. 

MUT^TER-ER, n. A grumbler ; one that mutters. 

MUT'TER-IxVG, ppr. Uttering with a low, murmuring 
voice ; grumbling ; murmuring. 

MUT'TER-ING-LY, ado. With a low voice; without dis- 
tinct articulation. 

MUT'TON, (mut'n) n. [Fr. rnouton.'] 1. The flesh of sheep, 
raw or dressed for food. 2. A sheep. Bacon. 

MUT'TON-FIST, n. A large, red, brawny hand. 

Mu'TU-AL, a. [Fr. inutuel ,• L. niutuus.] Reciprocal ; in- 
terchanged ; each acting in return or correspondence to the 
other ; given and received. 

Mu-TU-AL'I-TY, n. Reciprocation ; interchange. S/ialc. 

MU'TU-AL-LY, ado. Reciprocally ; in the manner of 
giving and receiving. 

t MU-TU-A-Ti"TIOUS, a. Borrowed; taken from some 
other. 

MU-TU-a'TION, 71. [L. mutuatio.] The act of borrowing. 
[Little used.] Hall. 

Mu'TULE, 71. [Fr. mutule.] In architecture, a square mo- 
dillion under the cornice. 

MUX, n. [a corruption of much.] Dirt. Grose. 

MUX'Y, a. Dirty ; gloomy. Lemon. 

MUZ'ZLE, 11 . [Fr. museau.] 1. The mouth of a thing ; the 
extreme or end for entrance or discharge ; applied chiefiy to 
the end of a tube. 2. A fastening for the mouth which 
hinders from biting. 

MUZ'ZLE, V. t. 1. To bind the mouth ; to fasten the mouth 
to prevent biting or eating. 2. To fondle with the mouth 
close ; [low.] 3. To restrain from hurt. 

MUZ'ZLE, 7 ). i. To bring the mouth near. L^ Estrange. 

MUZ'ZLE-RING, n. The metalline ring or circle that sur- 
rounds the mouth of a cannon or other piece. Encyc. 

MUZ'ZY, a. [a corruption from to 7 ?utsc.] Absent ; forget- 
ful ; dreaming ; bewildered by thought or by liquor. 

* My, pronom. ad}, [contracted from inigen, mine. See 
Mine.] Belonging to me ; as, this is iny book. 

MYN'CHEX, 71. [Sax. mynchen.] A nun. Diet. 

MYN-HEER', n. [D. my lord.] A Dutchman. 

MY-0-GRAPH'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to a description of the 
muscles. 

MY-OG'RA-PHIST, n. One who describes the muscles. 

MY-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. pvg, pvog, and ypaepw.] A de- 
scription of the muscles of the body. 

MY-O-LOG'I-GAL, a. Pertaining to the description and 
doctrine of the muscles. 

MY-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. pvg, pvog, and \oyog.] A descrip- 
tion of the muscles, or the doctrine of the muscles of the 
human body. 

MY'OPE, 7 i. [Gr. puon//.] A short-sighted person. Adams. 

MY'O-PY, 71. Short-sightedness. Encyc. 

MYR'[-AD, n. [Gr. fxvpiag.] 1 . The number of ten thou- 
sand. 2. y\n immense number, indefinitely. Milton. 

MYR-I-AM'E-TER, n. [Gr. yvpia and perpov.] In the new 
system of French measures, the length of ten thousand 
metres. 

BIYR'I-AR€H, n. [Gr. pvpia and up')(og.] A captain or 
commander of ten thousand men. 


M\R'T-ARE, n. [Gr. pvpia, and are, L. area.] A French 
linear measure of ten thousand ares. Lunier. 

MYR'1-CIN, n. The substance which remains after bees- 
wax has been digested in alcohol. 

M\ R-I-OL'I-TER, n. [Gr. pvpiog and Atroa.] A French 
measure of capacity containing ten thousand liters. 

MYR'MI-DON, n. [Gr. pvppySwv.] Primarily, the Myrmi- 
dons are said to have been a peojile on the borders of Thes- 
saly. A desperate soldier or rulfian. 

MY-ROB'A-LAN, 71. [L. myrobolanum.] A dried fruit of 
the plum kind brought from the East Indies. 

MY-ROP'O-LIST, n. [Gr. pvpov and nwAfw.] One that 
sells unguents. [Littleuscd.] 

MYRRH, (mer) n. [L. myndia.] A gum-resin that comes 
in the form of drops or globules of various colors and 
sizes, of a pretty strong but agreeable smell, and of a bitter 
taste. 

MYR'RHINE, a. [D. myri'hinus.] Made of the myrrhine 
stone. Milton. 

MYR'TI-FORM, a. [L. myrtus and form.] Resembling 
myrtle or myrtle berries. 

MYR'TLE, n. [L. mijrtus.] A plant of the genus myrtus, of 
^everal sjiecies. 

My'RUS, 71. A species of sea-serpent. 

MY-SELF', pron. 1. A compound of my and self, used after 
I, to express emphasis, marking emphatically the distinc- 
tion between the speaker and another person ; as, 1 my- 
self will do it. — 2 . In the objective case, the reciprocal of / ; 
as, I will defend myself. 3. It is sometimes used without 
I, particularly in poetry. 

MYS'TA-GOGUE, (mis'ta-gog) 77. [Gr. pvarrjg and aywyog,] 

1. One who interprets mysteries. 2. One that keeps 
church relics and shows them to strangers. 

MYtS-TE'RI-AL, a. Containing a mystery or enigma. 

MYS-Te'RI-ARCH, 71. [Gr. pvarypiov and ap'^og.] One 
presiding over mysteries. .Johnson. 

MYS-Te'RI-OUS, a. 1. Obscure ; hid from the understand- 
ing ; not clearly understood.— 2 . In religion, obscure ; 
secret ; not revealed or ex{)lained ; hidden from human 
understanding, or unintelligible; beyond human compre- 
hension. 

B1YS-Tk'RI-0US-LY, ado. I. Obscurely; enigmatically. 

2. In a manner wonderfully obscure and unintelligi- 
ble. 

MYS-Te'RI-OUS-NESS, 71. Obscurity; tlie quality of being 
hid from the understanding, and calculated to excite 
curiosity or wonder. 2. Artful perplexity. 

MYS'T£-RY, n. [L. mysterium ; Gr. pvarypiov.] 1 . A 
profound secret ; something wholly unknown. — 2. In 
religion, any thing in the character or attributes of God, 
or in the economy of divine providence, which is not re- 
vealed to man. 3. That which is beyond human com- 
prehension until explained. 4. An enigma; any thing 
artfully made difficult. 5. A kind of ancient dramatic 
representation. G. A trade; a calling; any mechanical 
occupation which supposes skill or knowledge peculiar to 
those who carry it on, and therefore a secret to 
others. 

MYS'TIG, ) a. [L. 7i7ijsticus.] 1. Obscure ; hid ; secret. 

MYS'TI-€AL, ^ 2. Sacredly obscure or secret; remote 

from human comprehension. 3. Involving some secret 
meaning ; allegorical ; emblematical. 

MYS'TI-€AL-LY, ado. In a manner or by an act implying 
a secret meaning. Doimc. 

MYS'TI-GAL-NESS, 71. The quality of being mystical, or 
of involving some secret meaning. 

MYS'Tl-CISM, 71. 1. Obscurity of doctrine. 2. The doc- 
trine of the Mystics, who profess a pure, sublime and 
perfect devotion, wholly disinterested, and maintain 
that they hold immediate intercourse with the Divine 
Spirit. 

MYS'TIGS, 71 . A religious sect who profess to have direct 
intercourse with the Spirit of God. 

MYTH'IG, ) a. [from Gr. pvOog.] Fabulous. Shuck- 

MYTH'I-€AL, \ ford. 

MY-THOG'RA-PHER, 77 . [Gr. pvOog and ypa(j)(x).] A writer 
of fables. 

jMYTI1'0-L0G-I€, 1 a. Relating to mythology ; fabu- 

MYTH-0-LOG'I-€AL, \ lous. 

MYTH-O-LOG'I-GAL-LY, ado. In a way suited to the 
system of fables. 

MY-THOL'O-GIST, ??. One versed in mythology; one 
who writes on mythology. Morris. 

MY-THOL'O-GTZE, 75 . i. To relate or explain the fabulous 
history of the heathen. 

MY-THOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. and 'Xoyog.] A system of 

fables, or fiibulous opinions and doctrines, respecting the 
deities which heathen nations have supposed to preside 
over the world or to influence the affairs of it. 

MYT'I-LITE, n. [Gr. pvrt'Xog.] In geology, a petrified 
muscle or shell of the genus 7n7jtilus. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6 VE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


NAM 


550 


NAR 





N is the fourteenth letter of the English Alphabet, and 
an articulation formed by placing the end of the tongue 
against the root of the upper teeth. It is an imperfect mute 
or semi-vowel, and a nasal letter ; the articulation being 
accompanied with a sound through the nose. It has one 
sound only, and after m is silent, or nearly so, as in hijnm 
and condemn. 

N, among the ancients, was a numeral letter, signifying 

900, and, with a stroke over it, N, 9009. — Among the law- 
yers, N. L. stood for non liquet, the case is not clear. — 
In commerce. No. is an abbreviation of the French noinbre, 
and stands for number. N. S. stands for new style. 

NAB, n. The summit of a mountain or rock. [Local.] 
Grose. 

NAB, V. t. [Sw. nappa ,* Dan. napper.] To catch 'suddenly 
to seize by a sudden grasp or thrust, [.d low word,.] 
Na'BOB, 71. 1. A deputy or prince in India, subordinate to 
the Subahs •, hence, 2. A man of great wealth. 
NA€K'ER. See Naker. 

NA€K'ER, 71. A collar-maker ; a harness-maker. Lemon. 
Na'CRE-OUS, a. Having a pearly lustre. Phillips. 
Na'ERITE, 77. A rare mineral, called, also, talckite. 
Na'DIR, 71 . [Ar.] Tiiat point of the heavens or lower hemis- 
phere directly opposite to the zenith j the point directly 
under the place where we stand. 

Na'DLE-STEiN, 77. [G. nadel and stein.] Needle-stone j 
rutile. Ure. 

N^VE, 77. [L. ncevus.] A spot. Drydcn. 

NAFF^ I tufted sea-fowl. Todd. 

NAG, 77. 1. A small horse ; a horse in general, or rather a 
sprightly horse. 2. A paramour j in contempt. Shale. 
NAG'GY, a. Contentious j disposed to quarrel. J^orth of 
England. 

NaID, or Na'IAD, (na'yad) n. [Gr. vata^cg.] In mythol- 
ogy, a water-nymph ; a deity that presides over rivers 
and springs. 

NAIL, 77. [Sax. ncegcl ; Sw., G., D. nagel.] 1. The claw 
or talon of a fowl or other animal. 2. The horny sub- 
stance growing at the end of the human fingers and toes. 
3. A small pointed piece of metal, usually with a head, 
to be driven into a board or other piece of timber, and 
serving to fasten it to other timber. 4. A stud or boss j a 
short nail with a large broad head. 5. A measure of 
length, being two inches and a quarter, or the 16th of a 
yard. — On the nail, in hand ; immediately ; without delay 
or time of credit. — To hit the nail on the head, to hit or 
touch the exact point. 

NAIL, V. t. 1. To fasten with nails ; to unite, close or make 
compact with nails. 2. To stud with nails. 3. To stop 
the vent of a cannon j to spike. 

NAILED, pp. Fastened with nails ; studded. 

NAIL'ER, 77. One whose occupation is to make nails. 
NaIL'ER-Y, 77. A manufactory where nails are made. 
NAIL'ING, j)pr. Fastening with nails ; studding. 
NAiVE'LY, adv. [Fr. 77ai/, from L. rratiiui;?.] With native 
or unafiected simplicity. 

NAiVE'TE, I (naev'ta) n. Native simplicity ; unaffected 
NaIV'TY, ) plainness or ingenuousness. Gray. 
Na'KED, a. [Sax. nacod; G. nacket, nackt ,* D. naakt.] 1. 
Not covered ; bare ; having no clothes on. 2. Unarmed ; 
defenseless ; open ; exposed ; having no means of defense. 
3. Open to view j not concealed j manifest. Heb. iv. 4. Des- 
titute of worldly goods. Job i. 5. Exposed to shame and 
disgrace. Ex. xxxii. 6. Guilty and exposed to divine 
wrath. Rev. iii. 7. Plain ; evident ; undisguised. 8. 
Mere ; bare ; siniple ; wanting the necessary additions. 
9. Not inclosed in a pod or case. 10. Without leaves, 
fulcres or arms. 11. Not assisted by glasses. 

NARKED- LY, adv. 1. Without covering. 2. Simplj'^ ; bare- 
ly ; merely ; in the abstract. Holder. 3. Evidently. 
NA'KED-NESS, n. 1. Want of covering or clothing j 

nudity; bareness. 2, W^ant of means of defense. 3. 
Plainness ; openness to view. 

NA'KER, 77. A violent flatulence passing from one limb to 
another with pain. Parr. 

NA'KER, 77. [Sp, Tiacar ; Fr. 77ffiC7*e.] Mother of pearl. 
NALL, 77. [Dan. naal.] An awl, such as collar-makers or 
shoe-makers use. [JSTot used, or local.] 

NAME, 77. [Sax. 777777777 ,• D. TiafliTi ,* G. name.] 1. That by 
which a thing is called ; an appellation attached to a 
thing by customary use. 2. The letters or characters 
written or engraved, expressing the sounds by which a 
person or thing is known and distinguished. 3. A person. 
4. Reputation ; character ; that which is commonly said 


of a person. 5. Renown ; fame ; honor ; celebrity ; emi- 
nence ; praise ; distinction. 6. Remembrance ; memory. 

7. Appearance only ; sound only ; not reality. 8. Author- 
ity ; belialf ; part. 9. Assumed character of another. — 10. 
In Scripture, the name of God signifies his titles, his attri- 
butes, his will or purpose, his honour and glory, his word, 
his grace, his wisdom, power and goodness, his worship 
or service, or God himself. 11. Issue ; posterity that pre- 
serves the name. Deut. xxv. — 12. In grammar, a noun. — 
7 't) call names, to apply opprobrious names; to call by 
reproachful appellations. Swift . — To take the name of God 
in vain, to swear falsely or profanely. — To know by name, 
to honor by a particular friendship. — Christian name, the 
name a person receives by baptism, as distinguished from 
surname. 

NAME, V. t. [Sax. naman, nemnan.] 1. To set or give to 
any person or thing a sound or combination of sounds, by 
which it may be known and distinguished ; to call ; to 
give an appellation to. 2. To mention by name. 3. To 
nominate ; to designate for any purpose by name. 4. To 
entitle. — To name the name of Christ, to make profession 
of faith in him. 2. Tim. iv. 

NAMED, pp. Called; denominated; designated by name. 

NAME'LESS, a. 1., W’^ithout a name ; not distinguished 
by an appellation. Waller. 2. He or that whose name 
is not known or mentioned. 

NAME'LY, adv. To mention by name ; particularly. 

NAM'ER, 77. One that names or calls by name. 

NAME'SAKE, n. One that has the same name as another. 
Addison. 

NAMHNG, ppr. Calling ; nominating ; mentioning. 

NAN, a W^elsh word signifying lohat, used as an interroga- 
tive. 

NAN-KEEN', n. [J\ra,nkin, a Chinese word.] A species of 
cotton cloth of a firm texture, from China, now imitated 
by the manufacturers in Great Britain. 

NAP, 77. [Sax. hnappian.] A short sleep or slumber. 

NAP, V. i. I. To have a short sleep ; to be drowsy. 2. To 
be in a careless, secure state. Wickliffe. 

NAP, 77. [Sax. hnoppa ; It. nappa.] 1. The woolly or villous 
substance on the surface of cloth. 2. The downy or soft 
hairy substance on plants. 3. A knop; see Knop. 

NAPE, 77. [Sax. cncep,] The prominent joint of the neck 
behind. Bacon. 

f NA'PER-Y, 77. [Fr. nappe ; It. nappa.] Linen for the table j 
table-cloths or linen cloth in general. 

NAPH'EW, 77. [L. 777727775.] A plant. 

NAPH'THA, 77. [L., Gr., Ch., Syr., Ar.] An inflammable 
mineral substance of the bituminous kind. 

NAPH'THA-LINE, n. A crystalizable substance. 

NAP'KIN, 77. [Fr. 77772>e.] 1. A cloth used for wiping the 
hands; a towel. 2. A handkerchief ; [t)&5.] 

NAP'LESS, a. Without nap; threadbare. Shak. 

NAP'PAL, 77. Soap rock. Pinkerton. 

NAP'Pl-NESS, 77. 1. The quality of being sleepy. 2. The 
quality of having a nap ; abundance of nap ; as on cloth.^ 

NAP'PY, a. Frothy ; spumy. Gay. 

NAP'TA-KING, a. Taking naps. 

NAP'TA-KING, n. A taking by surprise ; unexpected on- 
set when one is unprepared. Careio. 

fNAR, 77. Old compar. of near. Spenser. 

NAR-CIS'SUS, 77. [L.] In botany, the daffodil. 

NAR-Co'SIS, 77. [Gr. rapTcaiTH?. ] Stupefaction ; privation 
of sense. 

NAR-COT'IC, ) 77. [Gr. va^KwriKog.] Causing stupor, 

NAR-COT'I-CAL, ^ stupefaction, or insensibility to pain ; 
soporific ; inducing sleep. 

NAR-COT'IC, 77. A medicine which stupefies the senses 
and renders insensible to pain ; a medicine which induces 
sleep ; a soporific ; an opiate. 

NAR-COT'I-CAL-LY, adv. By producing torpor or drowsi- 
iiGss • TV livtToclib • 

NAR-COT'IC-NESS, n. The quality of inducing sleep or 
removing pain. 

NAR'CO-TINE, 77. The pure narcotic principle of opium. 

NARD, 77. [L. 77ar7Z775, 77ar7Z?777i.] ]. An aromatic plant usu- 
ally called spikenard, spica nardi, highly valued by the 
ancients, both as an article of luxury and of medicine. 2. 
An unguent prepared from the plant. 

NAR'DINE, a. Pertaining to nard ; having the qualities of 
spikenard. Asiat. Res. 

t NARE, 77. [L. 77am.] The nostril. ILidibras. 

InAR'RA-BLE, a. [lu. narrabilis.] That may be related, 
told or narrated. 

NAR'RATE, v. t. [L. naj'ro ; It. narrare.] 1. To tell, re- 
hearse or recite, as a story ; to relate the particulars of any 


* See Synopsis. A, £, T, o, U, 1^, long.— FUR, FALL, WHAT ;—PREY ;~PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— i[ Obsolete. 


NAT 


NAT 551 


event or transaction. 2. To write, as the particulars of a 
story or liistory. 

NAR'RA-TED, pp. Related j told. 

NAR'RA-TING, ppr. Relating ; telling ; reciting. 

NAR-R action, 11 . [L. narratio.'] 1. The act of telling or 
relating the particulars of an event ; rehearsal ; recital. 
2. Relation j story ; liistory ; the relation in words or wri- 
ting, of the particulars of any transaction or event, or of 
any series of transactions or events. — 3. In oratory, that 
part of a discourse which states the facts connected with 
the subject. 

NAR'RA-TIVE, a. [Fr. narraft/'.] 1. Relating the particu- 
lars of an event or transaction ; giving a particular or con- 
tinued account. 2. Apt or inclined to relate stories, or to 
tell particulars of events ; story-telling. 

NAR'RA-TiVE, n. The recital of a story, or a continued 
account of the particulars of an event or transaction j 
story,. 

NAR'RA-TIVE-LY, adv. By way of narration or recital. 

NAR-Ra'TOR, n. One that narrates ; one that relates a se- 
ries of events or transactions. fVatts. 

N AR'RA-TO-RY, a. Giving an account of events. Howell. 

NAR/RFFY, v. t. To relate ; to give account of. 

NAR'RqW, a. [Sax. neara, wearo.] 1. Of little breadth ; 
not wide or broad ; having little distance from side to 
side. 2. Of little extent; very limited. 3. Covetous; 
not liberal or bountiful. 4. Contracted; of confined views 
or sentiments ; very limited. 5. Near ; within a small 
distance. 6. Close ; near ; accurate ; scrutinizing. 7. 
Near.; barely sufficient to avoid evil. 

NAR'RoW, 1 n. A strait ; a narrow passage through a 

NAR'RoWS, ^ mountain, or a narrow channel of water 
between one sea or lake and another; a sound. Washing- 
ton. Mitford. 

NAlBRoW, V. t. 1. To lessen the breadth of ; to contract. 
2. To contract in extent. 3. To draw into a smaller com- 
pass ; to contract; to limit; to confine. — 4. In knitting, to 
contract the size of a stocking by taking two stitches into 
one. 

NAR'RoW, V. i. To become less broad ; to contract in 
breadth. — 2. In horsemanship, a horse is said to narrow, 
when he does not take ground enough, or bear out enough 
to the one hand or the other. 3. To contract the size of 
a stocking by taking two stitches into one. 

NAR'RoWED, pp. Contracted ; made less wide. 

NAR'RoW-ER, n. The person or thing which narrows or 
contracts. 

NAR'RqVV-ING, ppr. Contracting ; making less broad. 

NAR'RoW-INGS, n. The part of a stocking which is nar- 
rowed. 

NAR'RoW-LY, adv. With little breadth. 2. Contractedly ; 
without much extent. 3. Closely ; accurately ; with mi- 
nute scrutiny. 4. Nearly ; within a little ; by a small dis- 
tance^ 5. Sparingly. 

NAR'RoW-NESS, n. Smallness of breadth or distance from 
side to side. 2. Smallness of extent ; contractedness. 3. 
smallness of estate or means of living ; poverty. 4. Con- 
tractedness ; penuriousness ; covetousness. 5. Illiberali- 
ty ; want of generous, enlarged or charitable views or sen- 
timents. 

NAR'WAL, or NAR'WHAL, n. [G. narwall.'\ The mon- 
odon monoceros, a cetaceous animal found in the northern 
seas. 

t NAS, for ne has, has not. Spenser. 

Na'SAL, a. [L. nasus ,• It. nasale.] Pertaining to the nose ; 
formed or affected by the nose. 

Na'SAL, n. 1. A letter whose sound is affected by the nose. 
2. A medicine that operates through the nose ; an er- 
rhine. 

NAS'CAL, n. A kind of medicated pessary. Ferrand. 

NAS'CEN-CY, n. [L. 7 iasce/is.] Production. Annot. on 
Qlanville. 

NAS'CENT, a. [L. nascens.'] Beginning to exist or to grow ; 
coming into being. Black. 

NaSE'BER-RY, 71. A tree of the genus sloanea. 

NAS'I-COR-NOUS, a. [L. 7 iasasand cornu.^ Having a horn 
growing on the nose. Brown. 

NaS'TI-LY, adv. In a nasty manner ; filthily; dirtily. 2. 
Obscenely. 

NaS'TI-NESS, 71. Extreme filthiness; dirtiness; filth. 2. 
Obscenity ; ribaldry. South. 

NAS-TUR'TION, 77 . [Lt. nasturtium.] A plant. 

NaS'TY, a. 1. Disgustingly filthy ; very dirty, foul or de- 
filed ; nauseous. Jltterbury. 2. Obscene. 

Na'SU^^, 71. A fresh water fish of Germany. 

Na'SUTE, a. [h. nasutus.] Critical; nice; captious. Bp. 
Gauden. 

NA TAL, a. [L. natalis.] Pertaining to birth. 

NA-TA-Ll"TIAL, or NA-TA-IA"TIOUS, a. [L. natali- 
fiu*-.] • Pertaining to one’s birth or birth-day, or conse- 
crated to one’s nativity. 

t NA'TALS, 77 . plu. Time and place of nativity. 

Na'TANT, a. natans.] In f;ofa 777 /, swimming ; floating 
on the surface of water. 


NA-Ta'TION, 77 . \^.iiatatio.] A swimming; the act of 
floating on the water. [^Little used.] Brown. 

Na'TA-TO-RY, 77 . Enabling to swim. Brit. Crit. 

NATCH, 77 . [for notch.] The part of an ox between the 
loins, near the rump. Marshal. 

[ NA'IH'LESS, ado. [Sax. natheles.] Nevertheless; not the 
less ; notwithstanding. Milton. 

|NATH'MORE, ado. [/la, the and more.] Not the more; 
never the more. Spenser. 

Na'TION, 77 . [L. natio.] 1. A body of people inhabiting 
the same country, or united under the same sovereign or 
government. 2 . A ^reat number, by icay of emphasis. 

^ Na'TION-AL, o. 1. Pertaining to a nation. 2. Public; 
general ; common to a nation. 3. Attached or unduly at- 
tached to one’s own country. 

*NA-TION-AL'I-TY, n. National character ; also, the (pial- 
ity of being national, or strongly attached to one’s own 
nation. Boswell. 

* Na'TION-AL-IZE, v.t. To make national; to give to 
one the character and habits of a nation, or the peculiar 
attachments which belong to citizens of the same nation. 
Na'TION-AL-LY, adv. In regard to the nation; as a 
whole nation. South. 

* Na'TION-AL-NESS, 77 . Reference to the people in gen- 
eral. 

Na'TIVE, a. [L. nativus.] 1. Produced by nature ; origi- 
nal; born with the being; natural; not acquired. 2. Pro- 
duced by nature ; not factitious or artificial. 3. Conferred 
by birth. 4. Pertaining to the place of birth. 5. Origi- 
nal ; that of which any thing is made. (3. Born with ; 
congenial. 

Na'TiVE, 77 . 1. One born in any place. 2. Offspring ; [o&s.] 

NA'TlVE-LY, adv. By birth ; naturally ; originally. 

Na'TiVE-NESS, 77 . State of being produced by nature. 

NA-TIV'DTY, 77 . 1. Birth ; the coming into life or the 
world. 2. Time, place and manner of birth. 3. State or 
place of being produced. 

NAT'KA, 77 . A bird, a species of shrike. Pennant. 

Na'TRO-LITE, 77 . A variety of mesotype or zeolite. 

Na'TRON, 77 . Native carbonate of soda, or mineral alkali. 

NAT'U-RAL, a. [Fr. naturcl ; 1 j. naturalis.] 1. Pertaining 
to nature ; produced or effected by nature. 2. According 
to the stated course of things. 3. Not forced ; not far- 
fetched ; such as is dictated by nature. 4. According to 
the life. 5. Consonant to nature. C. Derived from nature, 
as opposed to habitual. 7. Discoverable by reason ; not 
revealed. 8 . Produced or coming in the ordinary course 
of things, or the progress of amimals and vegetables. 9. 
Tender ; aflectionate by nature. 10. Unafiected ; unas- 
smned ; according to truth and reality. 11. Illegitimate; 
born out of wedlock. 12. Native ; vernacular. 13. De- 
rived from the study of the works of nature. 14. A natu- 
ral note, in music, is that which is according to the usual 
order of the scale. — Matural history is a description of the 
earth and its productions, including zoology, botany, geol- 
ogy, mineralogy, meteorology, &c. — Maturol philosophy , 
the science of material natural bodies, of their properties, 
powers and motions. It comprehends mechanics, h}'dro- 
statics, optics, astronomy, chemistry, magnetism, electri- 
city, galvanism, &c. 

NAT'(J-RAL, 77 . 1. An idiot ; one born without the usual 
powers of reason or understanding. 2. A native ; an 
original inhabitant; [obs.] 3. Gift of nature; natural 
quality; [ 065 .] 

NAT'U-RAL-ISM, n. Mere state of nature. Lavington. 

NAT'U-RAL-IST, n. One that studies or that is versed in 
natural history and philosophy or physics. 

t NAT-U-RAL'I-TY, 77. Naturalness. Smith. 

NAT-U-RAL-I-Za'TION, 77 . The act of investing an alien 
with the rights and privileges of a native subject or citi- 
zen. 

NAT'U-RAL-IZE, V. t. 1. To confer on an alien the rights 
and privileges of a native subject or citizen. 2. To make 
natural ; to render easy and familiar by custom and liabit. 
3. To adapt ; to make suitable ; to acclimate. 4. To re- 
ceive or adopt as native, natural or vernacular ; to make 
our own. 5. To accustom ; to habituate. 

NAT'U-RAL-IZED, pp. Invested with the privileges of 
natives ; rendered easy and familiar ; adapted to a cli- 
mate ; acclimated ; received as native. 

NATTJ-RAL-IZ-ING, ppr. Vesting with the rights of na- 
tive subjects ; making easy ; acclimating; adopting. 

NAT'U-RAL-LY, adv. 1. According to nature ; by the force 
or impulse of nature ; not by art or habit. 2. According 
to nature ; without affectation ; with just representation ; 
according to life. 3. According to the usual course of 
things. 4. Spontaneously; without art or cultivation. 

NAT'U-RAI.-NESS, 77. The state of being given or produc- 
ed by nature. 2. Conformity to nature, or to truth and 
reality; not affectation. 

NAT'U-RALS, n. plu. Among physicians, whatever be- 
longs naturally to an animal ; opposed to non-naturals. 

^Na'TURE, 77. [Fr. ; L., Sp., It. natura.] 1 . In a gcnerc.l 
sense, whatever is made or produced; a word that com 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J : S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


NAV 


552 


NEB 


prebends all the works of God ; the universe. 2. By a 
metonymy of the effect for the cause, nature is used for 
the agent, creator, author, producer of things, or for tlie 
powers that produce them. 3. The essence, essential qual- 
ities or attributes of a thing, which constitute it what it is. 
4. The established or regular course of things. 5. A law 
or principle of action or motion in a natural body. 6 . 
Constitution j aggregate powers of a body, especially a 
living one. 7. The constitution and appearances of 
things. 8 . Natural affection or reverence. 9, System of 
created things. 10. Sort ; species 5 kind ; particular char- 
acter. 11. Sentiments or images conformed to nature, or 
to truth and reality. 12. Birth. 

f Na'TLTRE, V. t. To endow with natural qualities. 

•f Na'TUR-IST, n. One who ascribes every thing to nature. 
Boijle. 

f NA-Tu'RI-TY, n. The quality or state of being produced 
by nature. Brown. 

t NAUTRAGE, 71. [L. naufragium.'] Shipwreck. 

NAIJ FRA-GOUS, a. Causing shipwreck. [L. 77 .] Taylor. 

NAUGHT, (nawt) n. [Sax. naht^ nauht.'j Nothing. — To 
set at naughty to slight, disregard or despise. 

NAUGHT, (nawt) adv. In no degree. Fairfax. 

NAUGHT, (nawt) a. Bad ; worthless; of no value or account. 

NAUGHT'l-LY, (nawFe-ly) ado. Wickedly; corruptly. 

NAUGHTT-NESS, (nawt'e-nes) n. 1. Badness; wicked- 
ness ; evil principle or purpose. 2. Slight wickedness of 
children ; perverseness ; mischievousness. Dryden. 

NAUGHT'Y, (nawt'y) a. 1. Wicked; corrupt. 2. Bad; worth- 
less. 3. Mischievous ; perverse ; froward. It is now sel- 
dom used except in the latter sense, as applied to children. 

NAUL'AGE, n. [L. nauluin.'] The freight of passengers in 
a ship. [^Little used.] 

NAU'MA-CHY, 71. [h. naumachia.] 1. Among the aTicient 
Romans, a show or spectacle representing a sea-fight. 2. 
The place where these shows were exhibited. 

NAUS'CO-PY, 71. [Gr. rau? and ffKorrru). ] The art of dis- 
covering the approach of ships or the neighborhood of 
lands at a considerable distance. Maty. 

NAU'SE-A, (naw'she-a) n. [L.] Originally and properly, 
sea-sickness ; hence, any similar sickness of the stomach, 
accompanied with a propensity to vomit ; qualm ; loath- 
ing ; squeamishness of the stomach. 

NAU'SExVPE, (naw'shate) v. i. [L. nauseo.] To become 
squeamish ; to feel disgust ; to be inclined to reject from 
tliG g toiTi rvo h 

NAU'SEATE, 71. t. 1. To loathe; to reject with disgust. 
2. To affect with disgust. 

NAU-SE-a'TION, (naw-she-a'shun) n. The act of nauseat- 
ing. Bp. Hall. 

NAU'SEOUS, (naw^shus) a. Loathsome; disgustful; dis- 
gusting ; regarded with abhorrence. 

NAU'SEOUS-LY, ado. Loathsomely ; disgustfully. 

NAU'SEOUS-NESS, n. Loathsomeness ; quality of exciting 
disgust. Di'yden. 

NAU'TIG, ) a. [L. nauticus.] Pertaining to seamen or 

NAUQT-UAL, ) navigation. 

NAU'TI-LITE, 77 . [L. nautilus.] A fossil nautilus. 

NAU'TI-LUS, 77 . [L.j A genus of marine animals. The 
nautilus, when it sails, extends two of its arms, and be- 
tween these supports a membrane that serves as a sail. 

NaWAL, a. [lu. 7iavalis.] 1. Consisting of ships. 2. Per- 
taining to ships. 

INa'VALS, 71. Naval affairs. Clarendon. 

Na'VARCH, 77. [Gr. vavapx^^-] In ancient Greece, the 
commander of a fleet. Mitford. 

NAV'AR-CHY, n. [from L. navarckiis.] Knowledge of 
managing ships. Petty. 

NAVE, 77 . [Sax. 77a/fl, 7ia/77.] 1. The thick piece of timber 

in the centre of a wheel, in which the spokes are insert- 
ed. 2. The middle or body of a church extending from 
the baluster or rail of the door to the chief choir. 

Na'VEL, (na'vl) n. [Sax. nafela ; D. navel.] The centre of 
the lower part of the abdomen, or the point where the um- 
bilical cord passes out of the fetus. 

NaWEL-G ALL, 77. A bruise on the top of the chine of the 
back of a horse, behind the saddle. Johnson. 

Na'VEL-STRTNG, 77. The umbilical cord. 

Na'VEL-WoRT, 77 . A plant of the genus cotyledon. 

NAV'EW, 77 . [Tj.napus; Sax. 77^/7e.] A plant. 

NA-V1€'U-LAR, a. [L. navicula.] 1. Relating to small 
ships or boats. 2. Shaped like a boat ; cymbiform. 

NAV'I-GA-BLE, a. [L. navigabilis.] That may be navigat- 
ed or passed in ships or vessels. 

NAVT-GA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 
navigable. 

NAVH-GATE, v. i. [L. navigo.] To pass on water in 
ships; to sail. Arhuthnot. 

NAV'I-GATE, V. t. To pass over in ships ; to sail on. 2. 
To steer, direct or manage in sailing. 

NAV'l-GA-TED, pp. Steered or managed in passing on the 
water ; passed over in sailing. 

NAV'I-GA-TING, ppr. Passing on or over in sailing ; steer- 
ing and managing in sailing. 


NAV-I-Ga'TION, n. [L. navigatio.] 1. The act of navi* 
gating ; the act of passing on water in ships or other ves- 
sels. 2. The art of conducting ships or vessels from one 
place to another. 3. Ships in general. 

NAV'I-GA-TOR, n. One that navigates or sails ; chiefly f 
one wlio directs the course of a ship, or one who is skill- 
ful in the art of navigation. 

Na'VY, 77 . [L. 77a7;7s.] 1. A fleet of ships ; an assemblage 

of merchantmen, or so many as sail in company. 2. The 
whole of the ships of war belonging to a nation or king. 

t NAWL, 77. An awl. 

NaY, ado. [a contracted word; L. nego ; Sw. ney, or nej, 
from 77 eA:a, to deny.] 1. No; a word that expresses ne- 
gation. 2. It expresses also refusal. 3. Not only so; 
not this alone ; intimating that something is to be added 
by way of amplification. 

NAY, 77 . Denial; refusal. 

tNAYAVARD,77. Tendency to denial. Shale. 

|NaYW6RD, 77. A by-word ; a proverbial reproach ; a 
watch- w^rd. 

NAZ-A-RkNE', 77. An inhabitant of Nazareth ; one of the 
early converts to Christianity ; m contempt. 

NAZ'A-RITE, 77. A Jew who professed extraordinary puri- 
ty of life and devotion. Encyc. 

NAZ'A-RIT-ISM, n. The doctrines or practice of the Naz- 
arites. Burder. 

|NE, [Sax.] woi, is obsolete. We find it in early English 
writers, prefixed to other w'ords ; as, nill, for ne will, will 
no^t ; nas, for ne has, has not. Spenser. 

fNEAF, 77. [Ice. nefl,f Scot, nieve.] The fist. Shale. 

NeAL, V. t. [Sax. ancBlan.] To temper and reduce to a 
due consistence by heat. [Rarely used.] See Anneal. 

NeAL, V. i. To be tempered by heat. [Little used.] See 
Anneal. 

NeAP, 77 . The tongue or pole of a cart, sled or wagon. JV*. 
England. 

NeAP, a. [Sax. hnipan.] The neap tides are those which 
happen in the middle of the second and fourth quarters of 
Hie moon. They are low tides, and opposed to spring tides. 

NeAP, 77. Low water. [Little used.] 

Neaped, or BE-NeAFED, (be-neept>) a. Left aground. 
A ship is said to be neaped, when left aground. 

NE-A-POL'I-TAN, a. Belonging to Naples, in Italy. 

NE-A-POL'I-TAN, n. An inhabitant or native of the king- 
dom of Naples. 

NeAP'-TIDE, 77. Low tide. See Neap. 

Near, a. [Sax. ner, ox neara.] 1. Nigh; not far distant 
in place, time or degree. 2. Closely related by blood ; as, 
she is thy father’s near kinsw'oman. Lev. xviii. 3. Not 
distant in affection, support or assistance ; present ; ready ; 
willing to aid. 4. Intimate ; united in close ties of affec- 
tion or confidence. 5. Dear ; affecting one’s interest or 
feelings. 6. Close ; parsimonious. 7. Close ; not loose, 
free or rambling. 8. Next to one ; opposed to off. 

Near, adv. Almost ; within a litt.e. Addison. 

Near, v.t. To approach; to come nearer; as, the ship 
neared the land ; a scamaiPs phrase. 

Near, V. i. To draw near; a naval expression. 

NeAR'EST, a. [superl. of near.] Shortest ; most direct. 

NeAR'HAND, adv. Closely. Bacon. 

NeAR'LY, adv. 1. At no great distance ; not remotely. 

2. Closely. 3. Intimately ; pressingly ; with a close re- 
lation to one’s interest or happiness. 4. Almost ; within 
a little. 5. In a parsimonious or niggardly manner. 

NeAR'NESS, 77. 1. Closeness ; small distance. 2. Close 
alliance by blood ; propinquity. 3. Close union by af- 
fection ; intimacy of friendship. 4. Parsimony ; close- 
ness inexpenses. 

NeAR-SiGHT'ED, a. Short-sighted ; applied to one who 
distinguishes objects only which are near. 

Neat, n. [Sax.77eat, neten, niten, nyte.n.] 1. Cattle of the 
bovine genus, as bulls, oxen and cows. 2. A single cow'. 

NeAT, a. [It. netto ; Sp. iieto ; Fr. 77cf.] 1. Very clean ; 

free from foul or extraneous matter. 2. Pure ; free from 
impure words and phrases. 3. Cleanly; preserving neat- 
ness. 4. Pure ; unadulterated ; [ 0 & 5 .] 5. Free from 

tawdry appendages and well adjusted. G. Clear of the 
cask, case, bag, box, &c. ; as, neat weight. It is usually 
written net, or nett. 

NeAT'HERD, 77. [Sax. 77cat777/rTZ.] A person who has the 
care of cattle ; a cow- keeper. Dryden. 

NeAT'LY, adv. 1. With neatness ; in a neat manner ; in 
a cleanly manner. 2. W^ith good taste ; without tawdry 
ornaments. 3. Nicely ; handsomely. 

NeAT'NESS, 77. 1 . Exact cleanliness ; entire freedom from 
foul matter. 2. Purity ; freedom from ill-chosen words. 

3. Freedom from useless or tawdry ornaments ; with good 
adjustment of the several parts. 

NloAT'RESS, 77. A female who takes care of cattle. 

NEB, 77. [Sax. neb, or nebbe.] The nose ; the beak of a fowl ; 
the bill ; the mouth. 

NEB'U-LA, i 77. [L. 7iebula.] 1. A dark spot, a film in the 

NEB'ULE, I eye, or a slight opacity of the cornea. — 2. 


^ See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BiRD ; — (■ Obsolete. 


NEC 


653 


NEG 


In astronomy j a cluster of fixed stars, not distinguishable 
from each other, or scarcely visible to the naked eye. 

IvEB-lJ-LOS'I-Tir, n. The state of being cloudy or hazy. 

NEB'U-LOUS, a. [L. nebnlosiis.~\ 1. Cloudy ; hazy. 2. 
llesembling a small cloud or collection of vapors. 

NE-CES-SA'RI-AN, n. An advocate for the doctrine of phi- 
losophical necessity ; more properly necessitarian. 

NEC'EiS-SA-lllES, n. plu. Things necessary. 

NEC'ES-SA-RI-LY, ado. 1. By necessity ; in such a man- 
ner that it cannot be otherwise. 2. Indispensably. 3. 
By unavoidable consequence. 

NEC'EiS-SA-Rl-NESS, n. The state of being necessary. 

NEC'ES-SA-RY, a. [L. necessarias.'\ 1. That must be; 
that cannot be otherwise ; indispensably requisite. 2. In- 
dispensable ; requisite ; essential ; that cannot be other- 
wise without preventing the purpose intended. 3. Un- 
avoidable. 4. Acting from necessity or compulsion ; op- 
posed to free. 

NEC'ES-SA-RY, n. A privy. 

JVE-CES-SI-Ta'RI-AN, orNEC-ES-SA/RI-AN, n. One who 
maintains the doctrine of philosophical necessity. 

NE-CES'SI-TATE, v. t. [L. necessitas.~\ To make neces- 
sary or indispensable ; to render unavoidable ; to compel. 

NE-CES'iSI-TA-TED, pp. Made necessary, indispensable 
or unavoidable. 

NE-CE>S'SI-TA-TING, ppr. Making necessary or indispens- 
able. 

NE-CES-SI-Ta'TION, n. The act of making necessary ; 
compulsion. {^Little ^ised,'] Bramhall. 

t NE-CES'SI-TIED, a. In a state of want. Shak. 

KE-CES'SI-TOUS, a. 1. Very needy or indigent ; pressed 
with poverty. 2. Narrow ; destitute ; pinching. 

NE-CES'SI-TOUS-NESS, n. Extreme poverty or destitu- 
tion of the means of living ; pressing want. 

t NE-CES''SI-TUDE, n. Necessitousness; want. 

NE-CES'SI-TY, n. [L. iiccessitas 1. That which must be 
and cannot be otherwise ; or the cause of that which can- 
not be otherwise. 2. Irresistible power ; compulsive 
force, physical or moral. 3. Indispensableness ; the state 
of being requisite. 4. Extreme indigence ; pinching pov- 
erty ; pressing need. 5. IJnavoidableness ; inevitableness. 
— fi. In the plural, things requisite for a purpose. 

NE€K, n. [Sax. /inecc, hnccca, nccca ; D. nek; Sw.?iacA:c.] 

1. The part of an animal’s body which is between the 
head and the trunk, and connects them. 2. A long, nar- 
row tract of land projecting from the main body, or a 
narrow tract connecting two larger tracts. 3. The long, 
slender part of a vessel, as a retort; or of a plant, as a 
gourd. — A stiff neck, in Scripture, denotes obstinacy in sin. 
— On the neck, immediately after ; following closely. — To 
break the neck of an affair, to hinder, or to do the principal 
thing to prevent. — To harden the neck, to grow obstinate. 

NE€K'BEEF, n. The coarse flesh of the neck of cattle, 
sold at a low price. Swift. 

NEGK'€IiOTH,7i. A piece of cloth worn on the neck. 

NEUKED, a. Having a neck ; as in stiffnecked. 

NE€K'ER-CHIEF, or NE€K'A-TEE, n. A gorget ; a ker- 
chief for a woman’s neck. {^Little used.'] 

NEUK/LACE, n. A string of beads or precious stones, worn 
by women on the neck. Arbuthnot. 

NECK'LaCED, a. Marked as with a necklace. 

NEUK'LAND, n. A neck or long tract of land. 

NE€K'VERSE, n. The verse formerly read to entitle a 
party to the benefit of clergy, said to be the first verse of 
the fifty-first Psalm, “ Miserere mei,’^ &c. Tindall. 

NE€K'WEED, n. Hemp, in Hd'icule. 

NEU-RO-LOG'I-UAL, a. Pertaining to or giving an account 
of the dead or of deaths. 

NE€-R0L'0-GIST, 71. One who gives an account of deaths. 

NEC-ROL'O-GY, n. [Gr. vcKpos and Xoyo?.] An account of 
the dead or of deaths ; a register of deaths. 

NE€'R0-MAN-CER, n. One who pretends to foretell fu- 
ture events by holding converse with departed spirits ; a 
conjurer. 

NE€'RO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. vcKpog and yavTaa.] 1. The art 
of revealing future events by means of a pretended com- 
munication with the dead. 2. Enchantment ; conjuration. 

NEG-RO-MAN'TI€, a. Pertaining to necromancy ; per- 
formed by necromancy. 

NES-RO-MAN'TI€, n. Trick ; conjuration. Young. 

NE0-RO-MAN'TI-€AL-LY, ado. By necromancy or the 
black art ; by conjuration. Gregory. 

NEG'RO-NITE, n. [Gr. vcKpos.] f’etid feldspar. 

NE-€Ro'SIS, 71. [Gr. A disease of the bones. 

NEG'TAR, n. [L.] 1. In fabulous history and poetry, the 
drink of the gods. 2. Any very sweet and pleasant drink. 

NEG-Ta'RE-AN, NE€-Ta'RE-AJ., or NE€-Ta'RE-OUS, 
a. Resembling nectar ; very sweet and pleasant. Pope. 

NEG'TARED, a. Imbued with nectar; mingled with nec- 
tar ; abounding with nectar. 

NE€-Ta'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the nectary of a plant. 

NEC-TA-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [riectar, and L./ero.] Producing 
nectar or nomus. Lee. 


NE€'TA-RiNE, a. Sweet as nectar. J^Rlton. 
NEC'TA-RiNE, n. A fruit, a variety of the peach with a 
smooth rind. 

NE€'TA-RlZE, v. t. To sweeten. Cockeram. 
NEC'TA-ROUS, a. Sweet as nectar. Milton. 

NEC'TA-RY, 71. In botanij, the melliferous part of a vegeta- 
ble, peculiar to the flower. 

fNED'DER, 71. \yV . 7iadyr ; Sax. 7iedder.] An adder. 
NEED, n. [Sax. nead, neod, nyd ; D. 7wod.] 1. Want ; oc- 
casion for something ; necessity ; a state that requires 
supply or relief; pressing exigency. 2. Want of the 
means of subsistence ; poverty ; indigence. 

NEED, V. t. [Sax. geneadan, genedan.] To want ; to lack ; 

to require, as sup;)ly or relief, 
f NEED, V. i. To be wanted ; to be necessary. 

NEED'ED, pp. Wanted. 

NEED'ER, n. One that wants. 

NEED'FIJL, a. Necessary, as supply or relief ; requisite. 
NEED'FjjL-LY, arfy. Necessarily. B. Jonson. 

NEED'I-LY, ado. In want or poverty. 

NEED'I-NESS, n. Want ; poverty ; indigence. 

NEEDHNG, ppr. Wanting ; requiring, as supply or relief. 
NEE'DLE, 71. \Snx. 7iedl, 7i(Bdl ; G. 7iadel.] J, A small in- 
strument of steel, pointed at one end, with an eye at the 
other to receive a thread ; used in sewing. 2. A small 
pointed piece of steel used in the mariner’s compass, 
which by its magnetic quality is attracted and directed to 
the pole. 3. Any crystalized substance in the form of a 
needle. — Dipping 7iecdle, a magnetic needle that dips or 
inclines downwards. " 

NEE'DLE, V. t. To form crystals in the shape of a needle. 
NEE'DLE, V. i. To shoot in crystal ization into the form of 
needles. Fourcroy. 

NEE'DLE-FISH, 71 . A fish of the genus sijngnathus. Also, 
the sea-urchin. 

NEE'DLE-FUL, 7^. As much thread as is put at once in a 
needle. 

NEE'DLE-Ma-KER, ) 71. One who manufactures nee- 
NEE'DLER, i dies. 

NEE'DLE-ORE, 71. Acicular bismuth glance. 
NEE'DLE-SHELL, 71 . The sea-urchin. p 

NEE'DLE-STONE, 71. A mineral. 

NEE'DLE-WoRK, 7?. Work executed with a needle; or 
the business of a seamstress. 

NEE'DLE-Ze'O-LiTE, 71. A species of zeolite. 
NEED'LESS, a. 1. Not wanted ; unnecessary; not requi- 
site. 2. Not wanting; [065.] Shak. 

NEED'LESS-LY, adv. Vhthout necessity, 
NEEL'LESS-NEJSS, n. Unnecessariness. Locke. 

I NEED'MENT, n. Something needed or wanted. 

NEEDS, adv. [Sax. 7iedes.] Necessarily ; indispensably ; 
generally used with must. 

NEED' Y, a. Necessitous; indigent; very poor; distressed 
by want of the means of living. Addiso7i. 

* NE’ER, (nare) A contraction of 7ieyer. 
t NEESE, (neez) v. i. [G. 7icesen.] To sneeze. 
NEESE'WoRT, 71. A plant. Sherwood. 
fNEES'lNG, n. A sneezing. 

|NEF, n. The nave of a church. See Nave. 
NE-FAND'OUS, a. [L. 7iefandus.] Not to be named ; abom- 
inable. Sheldon. 

NE-Fa'RI-OUS, a. {h.nefarius.] Wicked in the extreme ; 
abominable ; atrociously sinful or villanous ; detestably 
vile. 

NE-Fa'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With extreme wickedness ; abom- 
inably. Milton. 

NE-Ga'TION, n. [L. negatio.] 1. Denial ; a declaration 
that something is not. — 2. In logic, description by denial, 
exclusion or exception. 3. Argument drawn from denial. 
NEG'A-TiVE, fl. [Fx.7iegatif ; li. 71 eg ativus.] 1. Implying 
denial or negation ; opposed to affirmative. 2. Implying 
absence ; opposed to positive. 3. Having the power of 
stopping or restraining. 

NEG'A-TIV'^E, n. 1. A proposition by which something is 
denied. 2. A word that denies ; as 7wt, 710. — 3. In legis- 
lation, the right or power of preventing the enaction of a 
law or decree. 

NEG'A-TiVE, V. t. 1. To disprove ; to prove the contrary. 

2. To reject by vote ; to refuse to enact or sanction. 3. 
To resist a choice or what is proposed. 

NEG'A-TiVE-LY, adt?. 1. With or by denial. 2. In the 
form of speech implying the absence of something. 3. 
Negatively charged or electrified. 

NEG'A-TO-RY, a. That denies; belonging to negation. 
\ Little used.] 

Ne'GER, 71. [L. niger.] A black person ; one of the African 
race. See Negro. 

NEG-LEUT', V. t. [L. 7ieglect7is.] 1. To omit by careless- 
ness or design ; to forbear to do, use, employ, promote or 
attend to. 2. To omit to receive or embrace ; to slight. 

3. To slight ; not to notice ; to forbear to treat with atten- 
tion or respect. 4. To postpone ; [oZ;^.] 

NEG-LEUT', 71. 1. Omission ; forbearance to do any thing 
that can be done or that requires to be done. 2. Slight ; 


* See Sijnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BlILI., UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


NEI 


554 


NES 


t^ynission of attention or civilities. 3. Negligence ; habit- 
ual v/ant of regard, 4. State of being disregarded. 

NEG-LE€T'ED, pp. Omitted to be done j slighted j disre- 
garded. 

NEG-LEGT'ER, 71. One that neglects. 

NEG-LEGT'FIJL, a. 1. Heedless ; careless ; inattentive. 
9. Accustomed or apt to omit what may or ought to be 
done. 3. Treating with neglect or slight. 4. Indicating 
neglect, slight or indifference. 

NEG-LE€T'FIJL-LY, adc. With neglect j with heedless 
inattention 5 with careless indiflerence. 

NEG-LE€T'ING, ppr. Omitting; passing by ; forbearing to 
do ; sligliting ; treating with indifference, 

NEG-LEOTTNG-LY, adv. Carelessly ; heedlessly. Shak. 

t NEG-LEC'TION, n. The state of being negligent. 

NEG-LECTTVE, «. Inattentive; regardless of. [E. w.] 

NEG-LI-GEE', n. A kind of gown formerly worn. 

NEG'LI-GENCE, 71. [l^^ntgligentia.] 1 . Neglect ; omission 
to do. 2. Habitual omission of that which ought to be 
done, or a habit of omitting to do things. 

NEG'LI-GENT, a. 1. Careless ; heedless ; apt or accus- 
tomed to omit what ought to be done. 2. Regardless. 

NEG'Ll-GENT-LY, adv, 1. Carelessly : heedlessly ; with- 
out exactness. 2. With slight, disregard or inattention. 

NE-GO-TIA BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being negotiable 
or transferable by indorsement. Seicall. 

NE-Go'TlA-BLE, a. That may be transferred by assignment 
or indorsement ; that may be passed from the owner to 
another person so as to vest the property in the assignee. 
Walsh. 

t NE-Go'TlANT, n. One who negotiates ; a negotiator. 

NE-GO'TIATE, v. i. [L. negotior ; Fr. negocier.'] 1. To 
transact business ; to treat with another respecting pur- 
chase and sale ; to hold intercourse in bargaining or trade. 

2. To hold intercourse with another respecting a treaty, 
league or convention ; to treat with respecting peace or 
commerce. 

NE-Go'TIATE, (ne-go'shate) v.t. I. .T 0 procure by mutual 
intercourse and agreement with another. 2. To procure, 
make or establish by mutual intercourse and agreement 
with others. 3. To sell ; to pass ; to transfer for a valua- 
ble (Consideration. 

NE-Go'TIA-TED, jjp. Procured or obtained by agreement 
with another ; sold or transferred for a valuable consider- 
ation. 

NE-Go'TIA-TING, ppr. Treating with ; transacting busi- 

11 CSS • 

NE-GO-TI-a^TION, 71, 1. The act of negotiating ; the trans- 
acting of business in trafhck ; the treating with another 
respecting sale or purchase. 2. The transaction of busi- 
ness l^tween nations. 

*NE-Go'TIA-TOR, 71. One that negotiates ; one that treats 
with others. Swift. 

Nk'GRESS, 71. A female of the black race of Africa. 

Nk'GRO, 71. [It., Sp. negro j L. niger.] One of the black 
race of men in Africa ; or one descended from this race. 

Ne'GUS, n. A liquor made of wine, water, sugar, nutmeg 
and lemon juice; so called, from its first maker. Col. 
JVegiis. 

fNElF, 71. [Icel. Tic^.] 1. The neaf or fist. 2. A slave. 

NEIGH, (na) v. i. [Sax. hmegari.'] To utter the voice of a 
horse, expressive of want or desire ; to whinny. 

NEIGH, (na) n. The voice of a horse ; a whinnying. 

NEIGH'BOR, \ i n. [Sax. nehbur. nehgebur ; G. 

NEH'BOOR, \ ^ ■'I nachbar ; D. nabiiur ; Sw. na- 

bo ; Dan. naboe.] 1. One who lives near another. 2. One 
who lives in familiarity with another ; a word of civility. 

3. An intimate ; a confident ; [ois.] 4. A fellow being. 
jicts vii. 5. One of the human race ; any one that needs 
our help. Luke x. 6 . A country that is near. 

NEIGH/BOR, 77 . t. 1. To adjoin; to confine on or be near 
to. 2. To acquaint with ; to make near to or make fa- 
miliar ; [ 065 .] Shak. 

NEIGH'BOR, V. i. To inhabit the vicinity. Davies. 

NEIGH'BOR, a. Near to another ; adjoining; next. Jer. i. 

NEIGH'BOR-HOOD, 7t. 1. A place near; vicinity; the ad- 
joining district, or any place not distant. 2. State of being 
near each other. 3. The inhabitants who live in the vi- 
cinity of each other. 

NEIGH'BOR-ING, a. Living or being near. Paley. 

NEIGIFBOR-LI-NESS, n. State or quality of being neigh- 
borly. 

NEIGIFBOR-LY, a. 1. Becoming a neighbor ; kind; civil. 
2. Cultivating familiar intercourse ; interchanging fre- 
quent visits ; social. 

NGIGIPHOR-LY, adv. With social civility. 

t NEIGH'BOR-SHIP, n. State of being neighbors. 

NglGIPING, n. The voice of a horse or mare. Jer. viii. 

NePTHER, 71. compound pro noun, pronominal adjective, ox a 
substitute. [Sax. nather, nathor, nauther, or nouther.'] 1. 
Not either ; not the one nor the other. 2. It refers to in- 
dividual things or persons ; as, which road shall I take 
J\''either. 3. It refers to a sentence ; as, “ ye shall not eat 
of it, neither shall ye touch it.” 4. JSTeither primarily re- 


fers to two ; not either of two. But by usage it is applica- 
ble to any number, referring to individuals separately 
considered. 

NEM. CON. for neynine contradicente. [L.] No one contra- 
dicting or opposing, that is, unanimously ; without oppo- 
sition. 

NEM^O-LiTE, n. [Gr. vefxog and Xtfio?.] An arborized stone. 

NEM'O-RAL, a. [L. nemoralis.] Pertaining to a wood or 
grove. Diet. 

NEM'O-ROUS, a. [L. nemorosus.] Woody. Evelyn. 

t NEMP'NE, 7 J. t. [Sa'X. nemnan.] To call. Chaucer. 

fNE'NT-A, n. [Gr.J A funeral song ; an elegy. 

NEN'U-PHAR, n. The water-lily or water-rose. 

NE-OD'A-MODE, n. [Gr. veo6ajxo)hng.'\ In ancient Greece, 
a person newly admitted to citizenship. Mitford. 

NE-O-LOG'IC, ( a. Pertaining to neology ; employing 

NE-O-LOGT-CAL, ) new words. 

NE-OL'O-GISM, V. ]. The introduction of new words or 
new doctrines. 2. New terms or doctrines. 

NE-OL'O-GIST, 71. One who introduces new words or new 
doctrines, or one who supports or adheres to them. J\Ied. 
Repos. 

NE-OL'O-GY, 71 , [Gr. reog and Xoyo?.] The introduction of 
a new word, or of new words, or 01 new doctrines ; or a 
new system of words or doctrines. 

NE-O-Ng'MI-AN, 71. [Gr. vzog and voyog.] One who advo- 
cates new laws, or desires God’s law to be altered. 

NE'O-PHyTE, n. [Gr. vtog and (pvrov.] 1. A new convert 
or proselyte. 2. A novice ; one newly admitted to the 
order of priest. 3. A tyro ; a beginner in learning. 

NE-O-TERTC, or NE-O-TER'I-CAL, a. [Gr. vziorcpiKog.] 
New ; recent in origin ; modern. 

NE-O-TER'IC, 71. One of modern times. Burton. 

NEP, 71 . A plant of the genus nepeta ; catmint. 

NE-PEN'THE, n. [Gr. vnTrzvOtjg.] A drug or medicine that 
drives away pain and grief. [Little used.^ Milton. 

NEPH'E-LIN, ) n. [Gr. vzypt'Xy.'] A mineral found mixed 

NEPH^E-LINE, [ with other substances. 

NEPH'EW, 71. [Fr. neceu ; L. 7iepos.] 1. The son of a 
brother or sister. 2. A grandson ; also, a descendant ; 
[little M5cd.] 

NEPH'RITE, 71. [Gr. vzcppirtjg.] A mineral. 

NE-PHRIT'IC, ) a. [Gr. ve<PpiTiKog.] 1. Pertaining to 

NE-PHRIT'I-CAL, ) the kidneys or organs of urine. 2. 
Affected with the stone or gravel. 3. Relieving or curing 
the stone or gravel, or disorders of the kidneys in general. 

NE-PHRITTC, 71. A medicine adapted to relieve or cure 
the diseases of the kidneys, particularly the gravel or stone 
in the bladder. 

NEPH'RI-TIS, 71. In medicine, an inflammation of the kid- 
neys. 

NE-PHROT'O-MY, n. [Gr. veeppog and repivo).] In surgery, 
the operation of extracting a stone from the kidney. 

^ NEP'O-TISM, 71. [Fy. nepotisme.] 1. Fondness for neph- 
ews. 2. Undue attachment to relations ; favoritism shown 
to nephews and other relations. 

NEP-Tu'NT-AN, a. jTrom JSi'eptunus.] 1. Pertaining to 
the ocean or sea. 2. Formed by water or aqueous solution. 

NEP-Tu'NI-AN, ) 71. One who adopts the theory that the 

NEP'TU-NIST, ) whole earth was once covered with 
water, or rather that the substances of the globe were 
formed from aqueous solution. 

Ne'RE-ID, 71. [Gr. vrjpyiSzg.] In mythology, a sea nymph. 

NERF'LING, 71. A fresh-water fish of Germany. 

NERTTE, 71. A genus of univalvular shells. 

NER'I-TITE, 71. A petrified shell of the genus neritfl. 

NERVE, (nerv) n. [L. nervus j Fr. Tier/.] 1. An organ of 
sensation and motion in animals. 2. A sinew or tendon. 
3. Strength ; firmness of body. 4. Fortitude ; firmness 
of mind ; courage. 5. Strength ; force ; authority. 

NERVE, V. t. To give strength or vigor ; to arm with force. 

NERVED, pp. 1. Armed with strength. — 2. a. In botany, 
having vessels simple and unbranched, extending from 
the base towards the tip. 

NERVE'LESS, (nerv'les) a. Destitute of strength ; weak. 

NERVTNE, a. [Low L. nervinus.'] That has the quality of 
relieving in disorders of the nerves. 

NERVTNE, 71. A medicine that affords relief from disorders 
of the nerves. 

NERV'OUS, a. [L. nervosus.'] 1. Strong ; vigorous. 2. 
Pertaining to the nerves ; seated in or affecting the 
nerves. 3. Having the nerves affected ; hypochondriac ; 
a colloquial use. o f the word. 4. Possessing or manifesting 
vigor of mind ; characterized by strength in sentiment or 
style. 

NEIIV'OTJS, or NERV'DSE, cr. Tn botany. See Nerved, No. 2. 

NERV'OUS-LY, adv. ,Vith strength or vigor. Warton. 

NERV'OUS-NESS, 71. 1. Strength ; force ; vigor. Warton. 
2. The state of being composed of nerves. Goldsmith. 

NERV'Y, a. Strong; vigorous. Shak. 

NES'CIENCE, (nesh'ens) 71. [L. Tiesciens.] Wantof knowl- 
edge ; ignorance. Bp. Hall. 


* See Synopsis. 


A, E, I, o, U, Y, /oTi^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


NEU 


555 


NEW 


t NESH, a. [Sax. we5c.][ Soft j tender ; nice. Chaucer. 

NESS, a termination ot names, signifies a promontory, from 
the root of nose, which see. 

NESS, a termination of appellatives, [Sax. nesse, nysse,'\ 
denotes state or quality, as in goodness, greatness. 

NEST, n. [Sax., G., D. nest.'\ 1. The place or bed formed 
or used by a bird for incubation or the mansion of her 
young until they are able to fly. 2. Any place where 
irrational animals are produced. 3. An abode; a place 
of residence ; a receptacle of numbers, or the collection 
itself ; usually in an ill sense. 4. A warm, close place of 
abode ; generally, in contempt. 5. A number of boxes, 
cases, or the like, inserted in each other. 

NEST, V. i. To build and occupy a nest. Howell. 

NEST'EGG, n. An egg left in the nest to prevent the hen 
from forsaking it. Hudibrns. 

NES'TLE, (nes'l) v. i. 1. To settle ; to harbor ; to lie close 
and snug, as a bird in her nest. HEstrange. 2. To 
move about in one’s seat, like a bird when forming her 
nest. 

NES'TLE, (nes'l) v.t. h To house, as in a nest. Donne. 
2. To cherish, as a bird her young. Chapman. 

NEST'LING, n. 1. A young bird in the nest, or just taken 
from the nest. 2. A nest ; [065.] 

NEST'LING, a. Newly hatched ; being yet in the nest. 

NES-To'RI-AN, n. A follower of Nestorius. 

NET, n. [Sax. net, nyt ; D., Dan. net.] 1. An instrument 
for catching fish and fowls, or wild beasts, formed with 
twine or thread interwoven with meshes. 2. A cunning 
device ; a snare. 3. Inextricable difficulty. Job xviii. 
4. Severe afflictions. Job xix. 

NET, V. t. To make a net or net-work ; to knot. Seward. . 

NET, a. [Fr. net ^ It. netto.] 1. Neat; pure; unadulter- 
ated; [Z. 14.] 2. Being without flaw or spot; [Z. m.J 3. 
Being beyond all charges or outlay. 4. Being clear of all 
tare and tret, or all deductions; as, net weight. It is 
sometimes written nett, but improperly. 

NET, V. t. To produce clear profit. 

NETII'ER, a. [Sax. neother G. nieder ; D., Dan. neder.] 
1. Lower; lying or being beneath or in the lower part ; 
opposed to upper. 2. In a lower place. 3. Belonging to 
the regions below. 

NETH'ER-iMoST, a. Lowest ; as, the nethermost hell. 

NET'TING, ?{. 1. A piece of net- work. 2. A complication 
of ropes fastened across each other. Mar. Diet. 

NET'TLE, (net'l) n. [Sax. netl, netele.] A plant whose 
prickles fret the skin and occasion very painful sensations. 

NET'TLE, V. t. To fret or sting ; to irritate or vex ; to ex- 
cite sensations of displeasure or uneasiness, not amount- 
ing to wrath or violent anger. 

NET'TLED, pp. Fretted ; irritated. 

NET'TLER, n. One that provokes, stings or irritates. 

NET'TLE-TREE, n. A tree of the genus celtis, whose 
leaves are deeply serrated, and end in a sharp point. 
Encyc. 

NET'TLING, ppr. Irritating; vexing. 

NET'WoRK, n. A complication of threads, twine or cords 
united at certain distances, forming meshes, interstices or 
open spaces between the knots or intersections ; reticu- 
lated or decussated work. 

NEU-RO-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to neurology, or to a 
description of the nerves of animals. 

NEU-ROL'O-GIST, n. One who describes the nerves of 
animals. 

NEU-ROL'O-GY, n. [Gr. vevpov and Xoyoj.] A description 
of the nerves of animal bodies, or the doctrine of the 
neiTes. 

NEu'ROP-TER, ) rt. [Gr. vevpov and nrenov.] An order 

NEU-ROP'TE-RA, i of insects. 

NEU-ROP'TE-RAL, a. Belonging to the order of neurop- 
ters. 

NEu'RO-SPAST, n. [Gr. vevpoanaareo).] A puppet. 

NEU-ROT'I€, a. [Gr. vevpov.] Useful in disorders of the 
nerves. 

NEU-ROT'I€, n. A medicine useful in disorders of the 
nerves. Encyc. 

NEU-RO-TOM'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to the anatomy or dis- 
section of nerves. 

NEU-ROT'O-MIST, n. One who dissects the nerves. 

NEU-ROT'O-MY, 71. [Gr. v£upov and repvw.] 1. The dis- 
section of a nerve. 2. The art or practice of dissecting 
the nerves. 

NEu'TER, (nutter) a. [L.] L Not adhering to either par- 
ty ; taking no part with either side. It may be synony- 
mous witli indifferent, or it may not. The United States 
remained 7ieaZe7* during the French revolution, but very 
few of the people were indifferent as to the success of the 
parlies engaged. A man may be neuter from feeling, and 
he is then indifferent ; but he may be neuter in fact, when 
he is not in feeling or principle. — 2. In grammar, of nei- 
ther gender ; an epithet given to nouns that are neither 
masculine nor feminine. 

NEO'TER, n. 1. A person that takes no part in a contest 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BIJLL, UNITE. 


between two or more individuals or nations. 2. An afil* 
mal of neither sex, or incapable of propagation. — JVeute'f 
verb, in grammar, a verb which expresses an action of 
state limited to the subject, and which is not followed by 
an object ; as, I go. 

NEu'TRAL, a. [Fr. neutre; E. neutral is.] 1. Not engag- 
ed on either side ; not taking an active part with either of 
contending parties. 2. Indifferent ; having no bias in 
favor of either side or party. 3. Indifferent; neither very 
good nor bad. 

NEu'TRAL, n. A person or nation that takes no part in a 
contest between others. R. G. Harper. 

NEu'TRAL-IST, n. A neutral. [Little rtsetZ.] 

NEU-TRAL'I-TY, n. 1. The state of being unengaged in 
disputes or contests between others ; the state of taking 
no part on either side. 2. A state of indifference in feel- 
ing or principle. 3. Indifference in quality ; a state nei- 
ther very good nor evil ; [little used.] 4. A combination 
of neutral powers or states. 

NEU-TRAL-I-Za'TION, n. 1. The act of neutralizing. 2. 
The act of reducing to a state of indifference or neutrality. 

NEu'TRAL-IZE, V. t. 1. To render neutral ; to reduce to 
a state of indifference between different parties or opin- 
ions. — 2. In chemistry, to destroy or render inert or im- 
perceptible the peculiar properties of a body by combining 
it with a different substance. 3. To destroy the peculiar 
properties or opposite dispositions of parties or other 
things, or reduce them to a state of indifference or inac- 
tivity. 

NEu'TRAL-lZED, pp. Reduced to neutrality or indiffer- 
ence. 

NEu'TRAL-TZ-ER, n. That which neutralizes. 

NEu'TRAL-IZ-LVG, ppr. Destroying or rendering inert 
the peculiar properties of a substance ; reducing to indif- 
ference or inactivity. 

NEu'TRAL-LY, adv. Without taking part with either sidej 
indifferently. 

NEV'ER, adv. [Sax. nerfre.] 1. Not ever ; not at any 
time ; at no time. 2. It has a particular use in the follow- 
ing sentence. “ Which w.ill not hearken to the voice of 
Charmer'S, charming never so wisely.” P5. Iviii. 3. In no 
degree ; not. 4. It is used for not. 5. It is much used in 
composition ; as in ??ever-ending, rierer-failing. 

NEV-ER-THE-LESS', adv. [/lever, the and less.] Not the 
less ; notwithstanding ; that is, in opposition to any thing, 
or without regarding it. 

NEW, a. [Sax. neow ,* D. nieuto ; G. neu.] I. Lately made, 
invented, produced or come into being ; that has existed 
a short time only ; recent in origin ; novel ; opposed to 
old. 2. Lately introduced to our knowledge ; not before 
known ; recently discovered. 3. Modern ; not ancient. 
4. Recently produced by change. 5. Not habituated ; 
not familiar ; unaccustomed. 6. Renovated ; repaired so 
as to recover the first state. 7. Fresh after any event. 8. 
Not of ancient extriiction or a family of ancient distinc- 
tion. 9. Not before used ; strange ; unknown. 10. Re- 
cently commenced ; as, the 7iew year. 11. Having passed 
the change or conjunction with the sun. 12. Not cleared 
and cultivated, or lately cleared ; as, new land. America. 
13. That has lately appeared for the first time.— Mew is 
much used in composition to qualify other words ; as in 
7iew-horn, neic-made. 

t NEW, V. t. To make new. Qower. 

NEW'EL, 71. 1. In architecture, the upright post about 
which are formed winding stairs, or a cylinder of stone 
formed by the end of the steps of the winding stairs. 2. 
Novelty ; [065.] Spenser. 

t NEW-FAN^GLE, v. t. To change by introducing novel- 
ties. Milton. 

f NEW-FAN'GLE, or NEW-FAN'GLIST, ti. One desirous 
of novelty. Tooker. 

NEW-FAN'GLED, a. [iiew andfajigle.] New-made ; form- 
ed with the affectation of novelty ; in contempt. 

NEW-FAN'GLED-NESS, ) n. Vain or affected fashion or 

NEW-FAN'GLE-NESS, ^ form. Sidney. 

NEW-FASH'IONED, a. Made in a new form, or lately 
come into fashion. 

NEW'ING, 71. Yeast or barm. Ainsworth. 

NEW'ISH, a. Somewhat new; nearly new. Bacon. 

NEW'LY, adv. 1. Lately; freshly; recently. 2. With a 
new form, different from the former. 3. In a manner not 
existing before. 

NEW-MOD'EL, v. t. To give a new form to. 

NEW-MOD'ELED, a. Formed after a new model. 

NEW-MOD'EL-ING, ppr. Giving a new form to. ' 

NEW'NESS, 71. 1. Lateness of origin; recentness; state 
of being lately invented or produced. 2. Novelty ; the 
•state of being first known or introduced. 3. Innovation ; 
recent change. 4. W^ant of practice or tamiliaiity. 5. 
Different state or qualities introduced by change or regen- 

NEWS,*Vj. [from nejo ; Fr. nouvellcs. This word has a plu- 
ral form, but is almost always united with a verb in the 
singular.] 1. Recent account ; fresh information of some- 

U as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as PH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


NIC 


thing that has lately taken place at a distance, or of some- 
thing before unknown ; tidings. 2 . A newspaper. 

NEWi6'-M6N-GEll, ?i. One that deals in news ; one who 
employs much time in hearing and telling news. 

NEVVi?'PA-rER, n. A sheet of paper printed and distrib- 
uted for conveying news 3 a public print that circulates 
news. 

NEWT, ?i. A small lizard ; an eft. Encijc, 

NEW-To'NI-AN, a. Per.o.ining to Sir Isaac Newton, or 
formed or discovered by him. 

NEW-To'Nl-AN, w. A follower of Newton in philoso- 
phy. _ 

NEW-YeAR’S gift, ?i. A present made on the fii-st day 
of the year. 

NEX'I-BLE, a. [L. nexihilis.'] That may be knit together. 

NEXT, a. superl. of nigh. [Sax. next, or nexsta, from nch, 
neah, nigh.] 1 . Nearest in place ; that has no object in- 
tervening between it and some other ; immediately pre- 
ceding, or preceding in order. 2 . Nearest in time. 3 . 
Nearest in degree, quality, rank, right or relation. 

NEXT, ado. At the time or turn nearest or immediately 
succeeding. 

Nl'AS, for an eyas, a young hawk. B. Jonson. 

NIB, n. [Sax. neb, nebb.l 1 . The bill or beak of a fowl. 
2 . The point of any thing, particularly of a pen. See 
Neb. 

NIBBED, a. Having a nib or point. 

NIB'BLE, v.t. 1 . To bite by little at a time ; to eat slowly 
or in small bits. 2 . To bite, as a fish does the bait 3 to 
carp at 3 just to catch by biting. 

NIB'BLE, V. i. 1 . To bite at 3 as, fishes nibble at the bait. 
2 . To carp at ; to find fault 3 to censure little faults. 

NIB'BLE, 71 . A little bite, or seizing to bite. 

NIB'BLER, 71 . One that bites a little at a time 3 a carper. 

NIB'BLING, ppr. Biting in small bits 3 carping. 

NICE, a. [Sax. nesc, or 1 . Properly, soft 5 whence, 

delicate 5 tender 3 dainty 3 sweet or very pleasant to the 
taste. 2 . Delicate 5 fine. 3 . Accurate 3 exact 3 precise. 
4 . Requiring scrupulous exactness. 5 . Perceiving the 
smallest difference 3 distinguishing accurately and minute- 
ly by perception. 6. Perceiving accurately the smallest 
faults, errors or irregularities 3 distinguishing and judging 
with exactness. 7 . Over scrupulous or exact. 8. Deli- 
cate 3 scrupulously and minutely cautious. 9 . Fastidious 3 
squeamish. 10 . Delicate ; easily injured. 11 . Refined. 
12 . Having lucky hits 3 [o&s.] 13 . Weak 3 foolish 3 ef- 
feminate 3 [065.] 14 . Trivial 3 unimportant. — To make 

nice, to be scrupulous. Skak. 

NiCE'LY, ado. 1 . With delicate perception. 2 . Accurate- 
ly 5 exactly 3 with exact order or proportion. — 3 . In collo- 
quial language, well 3 cleverly 3 dextrously 3 handsomely 3 
in the best manner. 

NPCENE, a. Pertaining to Nice, a town of Asia Minor. 

NICE'NESS, n. 1 . Delicacy of perception 3 the quality of 
perceiving small differences. 2 . Extreme delicacy 3 ex- 
cess of scrupulousness or exactness. 3 . Accuracy 3 mi- 
nute exactness. 

NI'CE-TY, 71 . 1 . Niceness 3 delicacy of perception. 2 . Ex- 
cess of delicacy 3 fastidiousness 3 squeamishness. 3 . Mi- 
nute difference. 4 . Minuteness of observation or discrim- 
ination 3 precision. 5 . Delicate management ; exactness 
in treatment. — 6. J^iceties, in the plural, delicacies for 
food 3 dainties. 

Nl'GHAR, n. A plant. Miller. 

NICHE, I n. [Fr. niche ; f?p.. Port, nicho.'] A cavity, hollow, 

NICH, I or recess within the thickness of a wall, for a 
statue or bust. Pope. 

NICK, n. In the northern mythology , an evil spirit of the 
waters 3 hence the modern vulgar phrase. Old Mick, the 
evil one. 

NICK, 71 . [Sw. nick ; Dan. nik.] 1 . The exact point of 
time required by necessity or convenience 3 the critical 
time. 2 . [G. knick, a flaw.] A notch or score for keep- 
ing an account 3 a reckoning 3 [oft^.] 3 . A winning 

throw. 

NICK, V. t. 1 . To hit 3 to touch luckily 5 to perform by a 
slight artifice used at the lucky time. 2 . To cut in nicks 
or notches. [See Notch.] 3 . To suit, as lattices cut in 
nicks 3 [<;6s.] 4 . To defeat or cozen, as at dice 3 to dis- 
appoint by some trick or unexpected turn 3 [065.] 

NICK, 77. t. [G. knicken.'\ To notch or make an incision in 
a horse’s tail, to make him carry it higher. 

NICK'AR-TREE, n. A tree of the genus guilandina. 

NICK'EL, 71 . A metal of a white or reddish-white color. 

NICK'EIj-IC, a. The nickelic acid is a saturated combina- 
tion of nickel and oxygen. 

NICK'ER, n. One who watches for opportunities to pilfer 
or practice knavery. Arbuthnot. 

NICK^NAME, 71 . [In Fr. nique is a term of contempt.] A 
name given in contempt, derision or reproach 3 an oppro- 
brious appellation. 

NICK'NAME, V. t. To give a name of reproach 3 to call by 
an opprobrious appellation. Shak. 

NICK'NaMED, pp. Named in derision. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, 


3 NIG 

NICK'NA-MING, ppr. Calling by a name in contempt 01 
derision. 

NIC-O-La'I-TAN, n. One of a sect in the ancient Christian 
church, so named from Micolas. 

NI-Co'TlAN, a. Pertaining to or denoting tobacco 5 and, as 
a noun, tobacco 3 so called from Micot, who first introduc- 
ed it into France, A. D. 1500 . 

NI€' 0 -TIN, n. The peculiar principle in the leaves of to- 
bacco 3 a colorless substance of an acrid taste. 
NIG'TATE, V. i. [L. nicto.] To wink. Ray. 
NIC'TA-TING, or NI€'TI-TA-TING, or a. Winking. 
N 1 €-Ta'TION, 77. The act of winking. 

|NIDE, 77. [L. 777(Z77s.] A brood. 

{nIDG'ET, 77. A dastard. Camden. 

NID'I-FI-€ATE, v. i. [L. nidijico.] To make a nest. 
NID-I-FI-€a TION, 77. The act of building a nest, and the 
hatching and feeding of young in the nest. 
fNlD'ING, 77. [Sax. nithing ; Dan., Sw. niding.] A despi- 
cable coward 3 a dastard. 

NI'DOR, 77. [L.] ^cent3 savor. Bp. Taylor. 
NI-DO-ROSH-TY, n. Eructation with the taste of undigest- 
ed roast meat. Flayer. 

Ni'DO-ROUS, G. Resembling the smell or taste of roasted 
meat. Bacon. 

NID'U-LANT, a. [L. nidulor.~\ In botany, nestling 3 ly- 
ing loose in pulp or cotton, within a berry or pericarp. 
fNlDTJ-LATE, v.i. \^L. nidulor.'] To build a nest. Cock- 
eram. 

NID-U-La'TION, 77. The time of remaining in the nest 3 as 
of a bird. Brown. 

NFDUS, 77. [L.] A nest 3 a repository for the eggs of birds, 
insects, <Slc. 

NIeCE, (nese) n. [Fr. nUce.l The daughter of a brother or 
sister. 

t NIF'LE, 77. [Norm.] A trifle. Chaucer. 

NIG'GARD, 77. [W. 777 ^ ; G.knicker.'] A miser 3 a person 
meanly close and covetous. 

NIG'GARD, 0. 1 . Miserly 3 meanly covetous 3 sordidly par- 
simonious. Drydcn. 2. Sparing 3 wary. 

NIG'GARD, V. t. To stint 3 to supply sparingly. [L. tt.] 
f NIG'G ARD-lSE, 77. Niggardliness. Spenser. 
NIG'GARD-ISH, a. Somewhat covetous or niggardly. 
NIG'GARD-LI-NESS, n. Mean covetousness 3 sordid par- 
simony. Addison. 

NIG'GARD-LY, a. 1 . Meanly covetous or avaricious 3 sor- 
didly parsimonious 5 extremely sparing of expense. 2. 
Sparing 3 wary 3 cautiously avoiding profusion. 
NIG'GARD-LY, ado. Sparingly 3 with cautious parsimony. 
Shak. 

t NIG'GARD-NESS, 77. Niggardliness. Sidney. 
f NIG-GARD-SHIP, n. Avarice. Sir T. Elyot. 
f NIG'GARD-Y, n. Niggardliness. 

t NIG'GLE, V. t. and i. To mock 3 to trifle with. Beaumont. 
NIG'GLER, 77. One who is clever and dextrous. Grose. 
NIGH, (nl) a. [Sax. 7 icah, neahg, neh, for nig ; G. 770/76.] 

1 . Near 3 not distant or remote m place or time. Prior. 2 . 
Closely allied by blood. 3 . Easy to be obtained or learnt 3 
of easy access. 4 . Ready to support, to forgive, or to aid 
and defend. 5 . Close in fellowship 3 intimate in relation. 
6. Near in progress or condition. Hcb. vi. 

NIGH, (nl) ado. 1 . Near ; at a small distance in place or 
time, or in the course of events. 2 . Near to a place. 3 . 
Almost 3 near. 

fNIGH, (nl) V. i. To approach 3 to advance or draw near, 
f NIGH, (nl) V. t. To come near 3 to touch. Chaucer. 
f NTGH'LY, (nl'ly) ado. Nearly 3 within a little. 
NIGH'NESS, (ni'nes) n. Neamess 3 proximity in place, 
time or degree. 

NIGHT, (nite) n. [Sax. T?777t ,• Goth. 71a his ; D. nagt', G. 
nacht.\ 1 . That part of the natural day when the sun is 
beneath the horizon, or the time from sunset to sunrise. 

2 . The time after the close of life 3 death. John ix. 3 . A 
state of ignorance 3 intellectual and moral darkness 3 
heathenish ignorance. Rom. xiii. 4 . Adversity 3 a state 
of affliction and distress. Is. xxi. 5 . Obscurity 5 a state 
of concealment from the eye or the mind 3 unintelligible- 
ness. — To-night, in this night. 

NlGHT'-AN-GLING, n. The angling for or catching fish 
in the night. Encyc. 

NIGHT'-BIRD, 77. A bird that flies only in the night. Hall. 
NIGIIT'-BORN, a. Produced in darkness. 
NIGHT'-BRAWL-ER, n. One who excites brawls or makes 
a tumult at night. 

NTGHT'-€AP, n. A cap worn in bed or in undress. 
NIGHTi-CRoW, 77. A fowl that cries in the night. Shak. 
NIGHT'-DEW, 77. The dew formed in the niglit. 
NIGHT'-DOG, 77. A dog that hunts in the night 3 used by 
deer-stealers. Shak. 

NTGHT'-DRESP, 77. A dress worn at night. Pope. 
NTGHT'ED, a. Darkened 3 clouded 5 black. [L. 77.] Shak. 
NTGHT'FALL, n. The close of the day 5 evening. 
NTGHT'FaR-ING, a. Traveling in the night. 
NIGIIT'FIIIE, 71 . 1 . Ignis feituus 3 Will with a wisp 3 Jack 
with a lantern. 2 . Fire burning in the night. 


/HAT 3— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3— f Obsolete. 


NIN 


557 


NIGHT'-FL?", n. An insect that flies in the night. Shale. 
NlGHT'-FOUiVD-EKED, a. Lost or distressed in the night. 

jyiiltOn. 

NIGHT'-GOWN, 71. A loose gown used for undress. Ad- 
dison. 

HlGHT'-IIAG, n. A witch supposed to wander in the night. 
JSIilton. 

NIGIIT'IN-GALE, n. [Sax. nihtegale.] 1. A small bird 
that sings at niglit, of the genus motacilla; Philomela or 
Philomel. Shak. 2. A word of endearment. Shah. 
NIGHT'ISH, a. Pertaining to night, or attached to tlie night. 
NIGHT'LY, a. 1. Done by night; happening in the night, 
or appearing in the night. 2. Done every night. 
NIGHT/LY, ado. 1. By night. 2. Every night. 
NlGHT'-MAN, n. One who removes flltli from cities in 
the night. 

NlGHT'MARE, ) ?i. and Sax. 7nara.'\ Incubus; a 

NIGHT'MAR, ) sensation i\i sleep resembling the pres- 
sure cf a weight on tlie breast or about the prmcordia. 
NIGIIT'-PIeCE, n. A piece of painting so colored as to be 
supposed seen by candle-light. Addison. 
f- NlGHTMIAIL, n. and Sax. re^Z.] A loose robe or 

garment worn over the dress at night. 

NIGHT'-Ra-VEN, 71. A fowl of ill omen that cries in the 
night. Spenser. 

NTGHT'-REST, 71. Rest or repose at night. Shak. 

NIGHT -ROB-BER, 7i. One that robs in the night. 
NIGHT'-RULE, n. A tumult or frolic in the night. Shak. 
NIGHT'-SHADE, 7i. [Sax. 7iihtscada.] A plant. 
NTGMT'-SHIN-ING, a. Shining in the night; luminous in 
darkness. Wilkins. 

NlGlIT'-SHRIiiJ^, 71. A shriek or outcry in the night. 
NiGHT'-SPELL, n. A charm against acciuents at night. 
NTGIIT'-TRIP-PING, a. Tripping about in the night. 
NlGHT'-Vl.«-ION, 71. A vision at night. Dan. ii. 
NTGHT'-WaK-ING, a. Watching in the night. 
NIGHT^-WALK, n. A walk in the evening or night. Wal- 

t07l. 

NTGHT'-WALK-ER, 7i. 1. One that walks in his sleep; a 
somnambulist. 2. One that roves about in the night for 
evil purposes. 

NIGHT'-WALK-ING, a. Roving in the night. 

NlGHT'-W ALK-ING, 71. A roving in the streets at night 
with evil designs. 

NTG HT -WAND-ER-ER, 7i. One rovuig at night. 
NTGHT^-WAND-ER-ING, a. Wandering in the night. 
NTGHT'-WAR-BLING, a. Warbling or singing in the night. 
NTGHT'WARD, a. Approaching towards night. 
NiGHT'-WATCH, 71. 1. A period in the night, as distin- 
guished by the change of the watch. 2. A watch or 
guard in the night. 

NTGIITMVATCH-ER, ti. One that watches in the night 
with evil designs. 

NIGHT'-WITCH, 7i. A night hag ; a witch that appears in 
the nicht. 

NI-GRES'CENT, a. \1^. 7iigresco.'] Growing black ; chang- 
ing to a black color ; approaching to blackness, 
f NIG-RI-FI-Oa'TION, n. [L. 77i^e7* and /acto.] The act 
of making black. 

NIG RIN, ) 71. An ore of titanium, found in black grains 
NTG^RlNE, ) or rolled pieces. Ure. 

NI-HIL'I-TY, rt. [L. 7iihilu/n.] Nothingness; a state of 
being nothing. Watts. 

t NILE, V. t. [Sax. nillan.] Not to will ; to refuse ; to reject. 
NILE, V. i. To be unwilling. Shak. 

NILE, 71. The shining sparks of brass in trying and melting 
the ore. Johnson. 

NT-LOAPE-TER, 71. [JYiZc, and Gr. perpov.] An instrument 
for measuring the rise of water in the Nile during the 
flood. 

fNlAI, 7J. t. [Sax. 7ic777 a7J, 7ii7nan.'\ To take; to steal; to 
filch. Hiidibras. 

NIAI'BLE, a. Light and quick in motion ; moving with 
ease and celerity ; lively ; swift. Pope. 

NEM BEE-FOOT-ED, a. Running with speed; light of foot. 
NIM'BLE-NESS, n. Lightness and agility in motion ; quick- 
ness ; celerity ; speed ; swiftness. 
fNEAPBLESS, 77. Nimbleness. Spenser. 

NIM BEE-WIT-TED, a. Q,uick ; ready to speak. 

NIM BLY, ado. With agility ; with light, quick motion. 

[ NIMT-E-T Y, 77. [L. 7ihnietas.] The state of being too much, 
t NOPMER, 77. [Sax. 7uman.] A thief. Ihedibras. 
NIN'GOM-POOP, 71. [a corruption of L. non compos.^ A 
fool ; a blockhead ; a trifling dotard. [A low loord.'] 

NINE, 77. [Goth. 7iiun : G. neun.] Denoting the number 
composed of eight and one. 

NINE, 77._The number composed of eight and one. 
NlNE'-FoLD, a. Nine times repeated. Milton. 
NiNE'-HoLES, 77. A game in which holes are made in the 
ground, into which a pellet is to be bowled. Draijton. 
NiNE'-PEXCE, 77. A silver coin of the value of nine-pence. 
NTNE'-PIN.S, 77. A play with nine pins or sharpened pieces 
of wood set on end, at which a bowl is rolled for throwing 
them down. 


NO 

NTNE'-SGORE, a. Noting nine times twenty. 

NINE'-S€ORE, 77. The number of nine times twenty. 

NiNE'TEEN, a. [Sax. 777^tt/it^77e.] Noting the number of 
7iive and ten united. 

NINE'TEENTH, a, [Sax. nigantothe.'\ The ordinal of 
nineteen ; designating nineteen. 

NINE' TEETH, a. The ordinal of ninety. 

NiNE'TY, a. Nine times ten ; as, 7unety years. 

NIN'NY, 71. [Sp. 77 7 77y.] A fool ; a simpleton. 

NIN'NY-HAM-AIER, 77 . A simpleton. Arbuthnot. 

NINTH, a. [Sax. vigetha.] The ordinal of nine ; designa- 
ting the number nine, tJie next preceding ten. 

NINTH, 77. In 777 776'7C, ail interval containing an octave and 
a tone. 

NIP, 75. t. [D. knippen j Sw. knipa.l 1. To cut, bite or pinch 
off the end or nib, or to pinch otF with the ends of the 
fingers. 2. To cut off the end of any thing ; to clip as 
with the knife or scissors. 3. To blast ; to kill or destroy 
the end of any thing ; hence, to kill. 4. To pinch, bite or 
affect the extremities of any thing. 5. To check circula- 
tion. 6. To bite ; to vex. 7. To satirize keenly; to taunt 
sarcastically. 

NIP, 77 . 1. A pinch with the nails or teeth. Ascham. 2. A 
small cut, or a catting off the end. 3. A blast ; a killing 
of the ends of plants ; destruction by frost. 4. A biting 
sarcasm ; a taunt. 5. [G. 7iippen.'\ A sip or small 
draught. 

NIPPED, or NIPT, yp. Pinched ; bit ; cropped ; blasted. 

NIP'PEll, 77 . 1. A satirist ; [ 0 & 5 .] 2. Afore tooth of a horse. 
The nippers are four. 

NIP'PER-KIN, 77. [Aleman, nap^ nappekin.'] A small cup. 

NIP'PERg,77. Small pincei-s. 

NIP'PING, ppr. Pinching; pinching off; biting off the end ; 
cropping ; clipping ; blasting ; killing. 

NIP PING-LY, ado. With bitter sarcasm. Johnson. 

NIP'PLE,77. [Sax. 777;'77 cZc.] 1. A teat ; a dug. 2. The or- 

ifice at which any animal liquor is separated. Derham. 

NIP'PLE-WoRT, 77 . A plant of the genus lapsana. 

f NIS, [Sax. 7775.] Is not. Spe7iser. 

NIS'AN, 77 . A month of the Jewish calendar, the first month 
of the sacred year and seventh of the civil year, answer- 
jng nearly to our March. 

NI'SI PRi'US, 77 . [L.] In ZcTc, a writ which lies in cases 
where the jury being impanneled and returned before the 
justices of the bench, one of the parties requests to have 
this writ for the ease of the country, that the cause may 
be tried before the justices of the same county. 

NIT, 77. [Sax. /7777Z77.J The egg of a louse- or other small 
jnsect. Derham. 

NrTEN-CY, 77 . [L.niteo.'] 1. Brightness; lustre; [Z. 77 .] 
2. [L. 7iitor.] Endeavor ; effort ; spring to expand itself ; 
[little used.'] 

NITTD, fl. [L. 7iitidus.] E Bright; lustrous; shining. 
Boijle. 2. Gay ; spruce ; fine ; [little used.] Reeve. 

NT'TRE, ) 71. [Fr. 777Z7*e; Sp., It. nitro j L. 7iitrum.] A salt, 

NPTER, [ called, also, salt-petre [stone-salt,] and, in the 
modern nomenclature of chemistry, nitrate of potash. 

NITHTNG,77. [Sax.] A coward; a dastard; a poltroon. 
See Niding. 

NITRATE, 71. A salt formed by the union of the nitric 
acid with a base. Lavosier. 

Nl'TRA-TED, a. Combined with nitre. Kiirioan. 

NI'TRIC, a. Impregnated with nitre. 

NI-TRI-FT-€a'TION, n. Tlie process cf forming nitre. 

NI'TRI-Fy, V. t. [nitre^ and L./acio.] To form into nitre. 

NrTRITE, 71 . A salt formed by the combination of the ni- 
trous acid with a base. 

N ‘'TRO-GEN, 77 . [Gr. virpov and yevraco.] The element 
of nitre ; that which produces nitre ; that element or com- 
ponent part of air which is called azote. See Azote. 

NI-TROG'E-NOUS, a. Pertaining to nitrogen ; producing 
nitre. 

Ni-TRO-LEu/CIG, a. Designating an acid obtained from 
leucine acted on by nitre. Braconnet. 

NI-TROM'E-TER, 77 . [Gr. virpov and perpeo)-] An instru- 
ment for ascertaining the quality or value of nitre. 

NI'TRO-MU-RI-AT IG, a. Partaking of nitre and muria or 
sea-salt. 

t NI-TROS'T-TY, 77 . Quality of nitre. Cotgrave. 

NI'TROUS, a. Pertaining to nitre ; partaking of the quali- 
ties of nitre, or resembling it. 

Nl TPtY, a. Nitrous ; pertaining to nitre ; producing nitre. 

NIT'TER, 71. The horse bee. Med. Repos. 

t NIT'TI-LY, ado. Lousily. Haijioard. 

NIT'TY, a. Full of nits ; abounding with nits. 

[NI VAL, a. [L. 7iivalis.] Abounding with snow; snowy. 

NlWE-OUS, a. [L. 777776775 ] Snowy; resembling snow; 
partaking of the qualities of snow. Brown. 

NI'ZY, 77 . [Norm. Fr. 77C55?.] A dunce ; a simpleton. 

NO. An abbreviation of number^ Fr. nombre ; as, JVc. 10. 

NO, ado. [Sax. 7 /a, or 7ie ; W. 7777 .] 1. A word of denial or 
refusal, expressing a negative, and equivalent to 77777 / and 
7 iot. 2. After another negative, it repeats the negation 
with great emphasis. 3. Not in any degree. 4. When no 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. [ Obsolete. 


558 


NOM 


NOD 

U repeated, it expresses negation or refusal with empha- 
sis. 

ISO, a. 1. Not any ; none. 2. Not any j not one. 3. When 
it precedes where, as in no where, it may be considered as 
adverbial, though originally an adjective. 

Nob, n. The head, in ridicule. [A low word."] 

NO-BIL'IA-RY, 71. A history of noble families. Enc^jc. 

NO-BILT-TATE, v. t. [L. nobilito.} To make noble j to 
enoble. 

NO-BIL-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of making noble. More. 

NO-BIL'I-TY, n. [L. nobilitas.] 1. Dignity of mind ; 
greatness ; grandeur ; elevation of soul. 2. Antiquity of 
family ; descent from noble ancestors ; distinction by 
blood, usually joined with riches. 3. The qualities which 
constitute distinction of rank in civil society according to 
the customs or laws of the country. — In Great Britain, 
nobility is extended to five ranks, those of duke, marquis, 
earl, viscount, and baron. 4. The persons collectively 
who enjoy rank above commoners ; the peerage. 

No'BLE, a. [Fr., Sp. 7toWc,* E. nobilis.'\ 1. Great; elevat- 
ed ; dignified ; being above every thing that can dishonor 
reputation. 2. Exalted ; elevated ; sublime. 3. Magnifi- 
cent ; stately ; splendid. 4. Of an ancient and splen- 
did family. 5. Distinguished from commoners by rank 
and title. 6. Free ; generous ; liberal. 7. Principal ; 
capital. 8. Ingenuous ; candid ; of an excellent disposition ; 
ready to receive truth. 9. Of the best kind ; choice ; ex- 
cellent. 

No'BLE, w. 1. A person of rank above a commoner ; a no- 
bleman ; a peer. — 2. In Scripture, a person of honorable 
family or distinguished by station. — 3. Originally, a gold 
coin, but now a money of account, value 65. 8d. ster- 
ling. 

t No'BLE, V. t. To ennoble. Chaucer. 

No'BLE LIWER-W6RT, 71. A plant. 

No'BLE-MAN, n. A noble ; a peer ; one who enjoys rank 
above a commoner. Dryden. 

No'BLE-WOM-AN, n. A female of noble rank. 

No'BLE-NE'SS, 71. 1. Greatness ; dignity ; ingenuousness ; 
magnanimity ; elevation of mind or of condition. 2. 
Distinction by birth ; honor derived from a noble ancestry. 

NO-BLESS', 71. [Fr. noblesse.'] 1. The nobility ; persons 
of noble rank collectively. Dryden. 2. Dignity ; great- 
ness ; noble birth or condition ; [06s.] Spenser. 

No'BLY, adv. 1. Of noble extraction ; descended from a 
family of rank. Dryden. 2. With greatness of soul ; he- 
roically ; with magnanimity. 3. Splendidly ; magnifi- 
cently. 

No'BOD-Y, 71. [ no and body.'] No person ; no one. Swift. 

NO^CENT, a. [L. tioccws.] Hurtful ; mischievous ; injuri- 
ous ; doing hurt. IVatts. 

No'CIVE, a. [L. nocivus.] Hurtful ; injurious. Hooker. 

I NOCK, 71. A notch. See Notch. 

f NOCK, V. t. To place in the notch. Chapman. 

{nocked, a. Notched. Chaucer. 

NOC-TAM-BU-La'TION, 71. [L. nox and ambulo.] A 
rising from bed and walking in sleep. Beddoes. 

NOC-TAM'BU-LIST, n. One who rises from bed and 
walks in his sleep. Arbuthnot uses noctambulo in the 
same sense. 

NOC-TID'IAL, a. [L. nox and dies.] Comprising a night 
and a day. [Little used.] Holder. 

t NOC-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. nox and /ero.l Bringing night. 

NOC-TIL'U-CA, 71. [L. nox and luceo.] A species of 
phosphorus which shines in darkness. 

NOC-TIL'U-COUS, a. Shining in the night. Pennant. 

NOC-TI V'A-GANT, a. [L. 7iox and vagor.] Wandering 
in the niglit. 

NOC-TIV-A-G a'TION, n. A roving in the night. 

NOC'TU-A-RY, 71. [from L. nox.] An account of wdiat 
passes in the night. Addison. 

NOC'TIILE, 71. [L. 710X.] A large species of bat. 

NOC TURN, 71. [L. nocturnus.] An office of devotion or 
religious service by night. Stillingfleet. 

NOC-TURN'AL, a. [L. Tioctiii’iiii^.J 1. Pertaining to night. 
2. Done or happening at night. 3. Nightly ; done or be- 
ing every night. 

NOC-TURN'AL, n. An instrument chiefly used at sea to 
take the altitude of stars about the pole. 

I NO€’-'U-M ENT, 71. [Ij. nocumentum.] Harm. 

f NOC'U-OUS, a. [L. Tiocuits.] Noxious; hurtful. Bailey. 

NOD, V. i. [L. mUo.] 1. To incline the liead with a quick 
motion, either forvvard or sidewise, as persons nod in sleep. 
2. To bend or incline with a quick motion. 3. To be 
drowsy. 4. To make a slight bow ; also, to beckon with 
a nod. 

NOD, 71. t. To incline or bend ; to shake. Shak. 

NOD, 71. 1. A quick declination of the head. 2. A quick 
declination or inclination. 3. A quick inclination of the 
head in drowsiness or sleep. 4. A slight obeisance. Shak. 
5. A command. 

No'DA-TED, a. [L. nodatus.'] Knotted. 

NO-Da'TION, 71. [L. nodaticrt] The act of making a knot, 
or state of being knotted. [Little used.] 


fNOD'DEN, a. Bent; inclined. Thomson. 

NOD'DER, 71. One who nods ; a drowsy person. 

NOD' DING, ppr. Inclining the head with a short quick 
motion. 

NOD DLE, n. [qu. L. nodulus.] The head ; in contempt. 
NOD'D Y, 71. [qu. Gr. l. A simpleton ; a fool. 2. 

A fowl. 3. A game at cards. 

NODE, 71. [L. nodus.] I. Properly, a knot; a knob; 
hence, — 2. In surgery, a swelling of the periosteum, ten- 
dons or bones. — 3. In astronojny, the point where the orbit 
of a planet intersects the ecliptic. — 4. In poetry, the knot, 
intrigue or plot of a piece, or the principal difficulty. — 5. 
In dialing, a point or hole in the gnomon of a dial. 
NO-DoSE', a. [L. nodosus.] Knotted ; having knots or 
swelling joints. Martyn. 

NO-DOS'I-TY, 71. Knottiness. Brown. 

NO-Do'SOUS, \ r-r . n ir ^ , 

No'DOUS 1 Knotty ; full of knots. 

NOD'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to or in the form of a nodule 
or knot. 

NOD'ULE, 71. [L. nodulus.] A little knot or lump. 
NOD'ULED, a. Having little knots or lumps, 
t NO-ET'I€, a. [Gr. voctikos.] Intellectual ; transacted by 
the understanding. 

NOG, 71. [abbrev. of noggin.] A little pot; also, ale. Swift. 
t NOG'GEN, a. Hard ; rough ; harsh. King Charles. 
NOG'GIN, 71. A small mug or wooden cup. 

NOG'GING, 71. A partition of scantlings filled with bricks. 
fNOI'ANCE, 71. Annoyance; mischief; inconvenience, 
f NOIE, for annoy, 1 

f NOI'ER, for annoyer, > Thisser. 

t NOI'OUS, troublesome. ) 
t NOINT, V. t. [Fr. oint.] To anoint. Huloet. 

NOISE, (noiz) n. [Fr. noise.] 1. Sound of any kind. 2. 
Outcry ; clamor ; loud, importunate or continued talk ex- 
pressive of boasting, complaint or quarreling. 3. Frequent 
talk ; much public conversation. 

NOISE, (noiz) v. i. To sound loud. Milton. 

NOISE, (noiz) 71 . t. I. To spread by rumor or report. 2. 

To disturb with noise ; [not authorized.] 

NOISED, pp. Spread by report ; much talked of. 
NOISE'FUL, (noiz'ful) a. Loud; clamorous ; making much 
noise or talk. Dryden. 

NOISE'LESS, (noiz'les) a. Making no noise or bustle; si- 
lent. 

NOISE'-Ma-KER, (noiz'ma-ker) 71. One who makes a 
clamor. L'Estrange. 

NOIS'I-LY, (noiz'e-ly) adv. With noise ; with making a 
noise. 

NOIS'I-NESS, (noiz'e-nes) 71. The state of being noisy ; 

loudness of sound ; clamorousness. 

NOIS'TNG, (noiz'ing) ppr. Spreading by report. 
NOI'SoME, (noi'sum) a. [Norm. 7ioisi/e ; It. nocivo, Tioioso.] 

1. Noxious to health ; hurtful; mischievous; unwhole- 
some ; insalubrious ; destructive. 2. Noxious ; injurious. 
3. Offensive to the smell or otl.er senses ; disgusting ; 
fetid. Shak. 

N0I'S6ME-LY, adv. W’ith a fetid stench ; with an infec- 
tious steam. 

NOI'SoME-NESS, 71. Offensiveness to the smell ; quality 
that disgusts. South. 

NOIS'Y, a. 1. Making a loud sound. 2. Clamorous; tur- 
bulent. 3. Full of noise. 

No'LENS Vo'LENS, [L.] Unwilling or willing ; whether 
he will or not. 

No'LT-ME-TAN'GE-RE, 71. [la. touch me not.] 1. A plant. 

2. Among physicians, an ulcer or cancer, a species of 
herpes. Coxe. 

NO-LI»TION, 71. [L.. nolo.] Unwillingness; opposed to 
volition. [Little 

t NOLL, 71. [Sax. hnol, cnoll.] The head ; the noddle. 
No'MAD, 71. [Gr. vopng, vopaSog.] One who leads a wan- 
dering life, and subsists by tending herds of cattle which 
graze on herbage of spontaneous growth. 

NO-MAD'TG, a. [Gr. vopaSiKog.] Pastoral ; subsisting by 
the tending of cattle, and wandering for the sake of pas- 
turage. 

No'MAD-iZE, V. i. To wander with flocks and herds for 
the sake of finding pasturage ; to subsist by the grazing 
of herds on herbage of natural growth. Tooke. 
No'MAD-IZ-I.NG, ppr. Leading a pastoral life, and wan- 
dering or removing from place to place for the sake of 
finding pasture. 

NO'MAN-CY, 71. [L. nomen, and Gr. pavreia.] The art of 
divining the destiny of persons by the letters which form 
their names. 

NoM'BLES, 71. [Fr.l The entrails of a deer. Johnson. 
NOM'BRIL, 71. [Fr.] The centre of an escutcheon. 

NOME, 71. [Gr. vopog.] 1. A province or tract of country ; 
an Egyptian government or division. — 2. In the ancient 
Greek music, any melody determined by inviolable rules. 
— 3. [L. nomen.] In algebra, a quantity with a sign pre- 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


NON 


559 


NON 


fixed or added to it. — 4. [Gr. veuu>, to eat.] In surgery, a 
phagedenic ulcer, or species of herpes. 

*NO-MEN-€La'TOR, or NOM-EN-€La'TOR, n. [L.; Fr. 
nomcnclateur .1 1. A person who calls things or persons 
by their names. — 2. In mudern usage, a person who gives 
names to things. 

* NO-MEN-€La'TRESS, n. A female nomenclator. 

* JVO-MEN-€LaT'U-RAL, a. Pertaining or according to a 
nomenclature. Barton. 

* No'MEN-€LA-TURE, or NOM-EN-€LaT'URE, n. [L. 
vomenclatura.] 1. A list or catalogue of the more usual 
and important words in a language, with their significa- 
tions j a vocabulary or dictionary. 2. The names of 
things in any art or science, or the whole vocabulary of 
names or technical terms which are appropriated to any 
particular branch of science. 

No'MI-AL, n. [from L. 7iomen.] A single name or term in 
mathematics . 

NOM'I-NAL, a. [L. nominaUs.'] 1. Titular; existing in 
name only. 2. Pertaining to a name or names ; consist- 
ing in names. 

NOM'I-NAL, ) n. The JVominalists were a sect of 

NOM'I-NAL-IST, \ school philosophers, the disciples of 
Occam, in the 14th century, who maintained that words, 
and not things, are the object of dialectics. 

t NOM'I-NAL-IZE, v. t. To convert into a noun. 

NOM'I-NAL-LY, adv. By name or in name only. 

NOM'I-NATE, V. t. [L. nomino.'] 1. To name ; to mention 
by name. 2. To call ; to entitle ; to denominate. 3. To 
name, or designate by name, for an office or place ; to ap- 
point. 4. Usually, to name for an election, choice or 
appointment ; to propose by name. 

NOM'I-NA-TED, pp. Named; mentioned byname; desig- 
nated or proposed for an office or for election. 

NOM'l-NATE-LY, adv. By name ; particularly. 

NOM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Naming ; proposing for an office or 
for choice by name. 

NOM-I-Na'TION, n. 1. The act of naming or of nomina- 
ting ; the act of proposing by name for an office. 2. The 
power of nominating or appointing to office. 3. The state 
of being nominated. 

NOM'I-NA-TiVE, a. Pertaining to the name which pre- 
cedes a verb, or to the first case of nouns. 

NOM'l-NA-TIVE, n. In grammar, the first case of names 
or nouns and of adjectives which are declinable. 

NOM'I-NA-TOR, n. One that nominates. 

NOM-I-NEE', n. 1. In laio, the person who is named to 
receive a copy-hold estate on surrender of it to the lord ; 
the cestuy que use, sometimes called the surrenderee. 2. 
A person named or designated by another. 3. A person 
on wliose life depends an annuity. 

NOM-0-TIIET'I€, \ a. [Gr. vo/ioStr;??.] Legislative ; 

NOM-0-THET'I-€AL, ) enacting laws. 

NON, adv. [L.] Not. This word is used in the English 
language as a prefix only, for giving a negative sense to 
words ; as in ?Jon-residence. 

NON-A-BILl-TY, n. A want of ability ; in law, an excep- 
tion taken against a plaintiff in a cause, when he is un- 
able legally to commence a suit. 

NON'AGE, n. [non and age.~\ Minority ; the time of life 
before a person, according to the laws of his country, be- 
comes of age to manage his own concerns. 

NON'AGED, a. Not having due maturity ; being in nonage. 

NON-A-GES'I-MAL, a. [U. nonagesinuis.'] Noting the 90th 
degree of the ecliptic ; being in the highest point of the 
ecliptic. 

NON'A-GON, n. [L. nonus, and Gr. yo3i>ia.'\ A figure hav- 
ing nine sides and nine angles. Bailey. 

NON-AP-PeAR'ANCE, ??. Default of appearance, as in 
court, to prosecute or defend. 

NON-AP-POINT'MENT, n. Neglect of appointment. 

NON-AT-TEND'ANCE, n. A failure to attend; omission 
of attendance. 

NON-AI'-TEN'TION, n. Inattention. Swift. 

NOX-BT-Tu'Ml-NOUS, a. Containing no bitumen. 

t NONCE, n. Purpose; intent; design. Spenser. 

NON'-CLaIM, n. A failure to make claim within the time 
limited by law; omission of claim. Bailey. 

NON-COM-MuN'ION, n. Neglect or failure of communion. 

NON-COM-PLl'ANCE, n. Neglect or failure of compli- 
ance. 

NON-COM-PL^'ING, a. Neglecting or refusing to comply. 

NON COM'POS MEN'TIS, or NON COM'POS, [L.] Not 
of sound mind ; not having the regular use of reason ; as 
a nouv, an idiot ; a lunatic. 

NON-€ON-DU€T'ING, a. Not conducting; not transmit- 
ting another fluid. 

NON-GON-DUC'TION, n. A non-conducting. Ure. 

NON-CON-DUCT'OR, n. A substance which does not con- 
duct, that is, transmit another substance or fluid, or which 
transmits it with difficulty. 

NON-CON-FORM'ING, a. Not joining in the established 
religion. 


NON-€ON-FORM'IST, n. One who neglects or refuses 
conform to the rites and mode of worsJiip of an estab^ 
lished church. Sw\ft. 

NON-€ON-FORM'I-TY, n. 1. Neglect or failure of corn 
formity. 2. The neglect or refusal to unite with an estab- 
lished church in its rites and mode of worship. 

NON-GON-Ta'GIOUS, a. Not contagious. 

NON-GON-Ta'GIOUS-NESS, n. The quality or state of 
being not communicable from a diseased to a healthy 
body. 

NON-GO-TEM-PO-Ra'NE-OUS, a. Not being cotemporary, 
or not of cotemporary origin. Journ. of Science. 

NON-DE-SGRIPT', a. [L. non and descriptus.^ That ha» 
not been described. 

NON-DE-SGRIPT', n. Any thing that has not been de- 
scribed. 

* NONE, a. [Sax. nan ; ne and ane.l 1. Not one. 2. Not 
any ; not a part ; not the least portion. 3. it wus formerly 
used before nouns ; as, none other. This use is obsolete ; 
we now use no. 4. It is used as a substitute, the noun 
being omitted. 5. In the following phrase, it is used for 
nothing, or no concern. “ Israel would none of me,” that 
is, Israel would not listen to me at all. 6. As a siibstitute, 
none has a plural signification ; as, “ terms of peace were 
none vouchsafed.” 

NON-E-LEOT', n. [L. non and electusJ] One who is not 
elected or chosen to salvation. Huntington. 

NON-E-LE€'TRlG, a. Conducting the electric fluid. 

NON-E-LE€'TRI€, n. A substance that is not an electric, 
or which transmits the fluid ; as metals. 

NON-EM-PHAT'I€, ) a. Having no emphasis ; unem- 

NON-EM-PHAT'I-€AL, \ phatic. Beattie. 

NON-EN'TI-TY, n. 1. Non-existence; the negation of 
being. Bentley. 2. A thing not existing. 

NON-E-PIS'GO-PAL, a. Not episcopal ; not of the episco- 
pal church or denomination. J. J\l. Mason. 

NON-E-PIS-€0-Pa'LI-AN, n. One who does not belong to 
tlie episcopal church or denomination. J. M. Mason. 

NoNES, n. plu. [L. nonce.] 1. In the Roman calendar, the 
fifth day of the months January, February, April, June, 
August, Sevkember, November and December, and the 
seventh day of March, May, July and October. The 
nones were vine days from the ides. 2. Fmyers, formerly 
so called. Todd. 

NON-ES-SEN'TIAL, n. Mon-essentials are things not es- 
sential to a particular purpose. J. M. Mason. 
NoNE'SUCII, n. [«07jc and 1. An exiraordinary 

thing ; a thing that has not its equal. 2. A plant of the 
genus lychnis. Lee. 

NON-EX- E-€U'TION, n. Neglect of execution ; non-per- 
formance. 

NON-EX-IST'ENCE, n. I. Absence of existence ; the ne- 
gation of being. 2. A thing that has no existence or being. 

NON-EX-PoR-Ta'TION, n. A failure of exportation ; a 
not exporting goods or commodities. 

NO-NILL'ION, n. [h. nonus and million.] The number of 
nine million millions. 

NON-IM-PoR-Ta'TION, n. Want or failure of importa- 
tion ; a not importing goods. 

NON-JuR'ING, fl. [L. 77071 and jwro.] Not swearing alle- 
giance ; an epithet applied to the party in Great Britain 
that would not swear allegiance to the Hanoverian family 
and government. 

NON-JO'ROR, n. In Great Britain, one who refused to 
take the oath of allegiance tu the government and crown 
of England at the revolution, when James It. abdicated 
the throne, and the Hanoverian family was introduced. 

NON-MAN-U-FAGTUR-ING, a. Not carrying on manu- 
factures. Hamilton. 

NON-ME-TAL'LIG, a. Not consisting of metal. 

NON-NAT'U-RALS, n. In medicine, things which, by the 
abuse of them, become the causes of disease. 

NON'N Y. I he same as ninny. 

NON-OB-SERV'ANCE, n. Neglect or failure to observe or 
fulfil. 

NON OB-STAN'TE. [L. ; notwithstanding .] A clause used 
in statutes and letters patent. Encyc. 

NON-PA-REIL', (non-pa-rel') n. [Fr. no7i and pareil.] L 
Excellence unequaled. 2. A sort of apple. 3. A sort of 
printing type very small, and the smallest now used ex- 
cept three. 

NON-PA-REIL', (non-pa-reP) a. Having no equal ; peer- 
less. 

NON-PaY'MENT, n. Neglect of payment. S. E. Dwight. 

NON'PLUS, n. [L. non and plus.] Puzzle ; insuperable 
difficulty ; a state in which one is unable to proceed. 

NON'PLUS, V. t. To puzzle ; to confound ; to put to a 
stand ; to stop by embarrassment. Dryden. 

NON-PON-DER-OS'I-TY, n. Destitution of weight; levity. 

NON-PON'DER-OUS, a. Having no weight. 

NON-PRO-DU€'TION, n. A failure to produce or exhibit. 

NON-PRO-Fi' CTEN-CF, n. Failure to make progress. 

NON-PRO-Fi"CIENT, n. One who has failed to improve 
or make progress in any study or pursuit. 


* See S7jnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


NOR 


560 


NOT 


NON PROS, [contraction of nolle prosequi^ the plaintiff 
will not prosecute.] It is used also as a verb, 

NON-RE-G\RD'ANCE, n. Want of due regard. 

NON-REN-DI"TION, n. Neglect of rendition ; the not 
rendering what is due. 

NON-RE-SEAI'BLANCE, n. Unlikeness; dissimilarity. 

NON-RES'I-DENCE, n. Failure or neglect of residing at 
the place where one is stationed, or where official duties 
require one to reside, or on one’s own lands. 

NON-RES'I-DENT, a. Not residing in a particular place, 
on one’s own estate, or in one’s proper place. 

NON-RES'I-DENT, n. One who does not reside on one’s 
own lands, or in the place where official duties require. 

NON-RE-SIST'ANCE, n. The omission of resistance ; pas- 
sive obedience ; submission to authority. 

NON-RE-SIST'ANT, a. Making no resistance to power or 
oppression. Arhuthnot. 

NON-SaNE', a. [L. non and Unsound ; not per- 

fect. 

NON'SENSE, n. 1. No sense ; words or language which 
have no meaning, or which convey no just ideas ; ab- 
surdity. 2 Trifles ; things of no importance. 

NON-SENST-UAL, a. Unmeaning ; absurd ; foolish. 

NON-SENS'I-UAL-LY, adv. Absurdly; without meaning. 

NON-SENS'J-€AL-NESS, n. Jargon; absurdity; that 
which conveys no proper ideas. 

NON-SENS'I-TiVE, a. Wanting sense or perception. 

NON-SO-Lu'TION, n. Failure of solution or explanation. 

NON-SOLV'EN-CY, n. Inability to pay debts. 

NON-SOLV'ENT, a. Not able to pay debts ; insolvent. 

NON-SPaR'ING, a. Sparing none ; all-destroying ; merci- 
less. Shak. 

NON'SUCH. See Nonesuch. 

NON'SuIT, n. In law, the default, neglect or non-appear- 
ance of the plaintiff in a suit, when called in court, by 
which the plaintiff signifies his intention to drop the suit. 

NON'SuIT, V. t. To determine or record that the plaintiff 
drops his suit, on default of appearance when called in 
court. 

NON'SuIT, a. Nonsuited. Tyng^s Rep. 

NON'SuIT-ED, pp. Adjudged to have deserted the suit by 
default of appearance ; as a plaintiff. 

NON'SuIT-ING, ppr. Adjudging to have abandoned the 
suit by non-appearance or other neglect. 

NON-U SANCE, (non-yu'zance) w. Neglect of use. Brown. 

NON-U^SER, (non-yu'zer) n. 1. A not using ; failure to 
use ; neglect of official duty. 2. Neglect or omission 
of use. 

NOO DLE, n. A simpleton. [A vulgar word.~\ 

NOOK, n. A corner ; a narrow place formed by an angle in 
bodies or between bodies. Milton. 

NOON, 71. [Sax. non ; D. noen.'\ 1. The middle of the day; 
the time when the sun is in the meridian ; twelve o’clock. 
2. Dryden used the word for midnight. 

NOON, a. Meridional. Young. 

NOON'DaY, n. Mid-day ; twelve o’clock in the day. 

NOON'DaY, a. Pertaining to mid-day ; meridional. 

NOON'ING, 71. Repose at noon ; sometimes, repast at noon. 

NOON'STEAD, n. The station of the sun at noon. 

NOON'TiDE, n. The time of noon ; mid day. 

NOON'TIDE, a. Pertaining to noon ; meridional. 

* NOOSE, (nooz) 71. [Ir. 7105.] A running knot, which 
binds the closer the more it is drawn. Hudibras. 

NOOSE, (nooz) v. t. To tie in a noose ; to catch in a 
noose ; to entrap ; to insnare. 

No'PAL, 77. A plant of the genus cactus. 

NOPE, 71. A provincial name for the bullfinch. Diet. 

NOR, connective. [7ie and or.] 1. A word that denies or 

renders negative the second or subsequent part of a prop- 
osition, ora proposition following another negative propo- 
sition ; correlative to neither or not . — 2. JVor sometimes 
begins a sentence, but in this case a negative proposition 
has preceded it in the foregoing sentence. 3. In some 
cases, usually in poetry, neither is omitted, and the nega- 
tion which it would express is included in nor. 4. Sonje- 
times, in poetry, nor is used for neither, in the first part of 
the proposition. 

NOR'MAL, a. [L. normalis.] 1. According to a square or 
rule; perpendicular; forming a right angle. 2. Accord- 
ing to a rule or principle. 3. Relating to rudiments or 
elements ; teaching rudiments or first principles. 

NOR'MAN, 77. In seamen’s language, a short wooden bar 
to be thrust into a hole of the windlass, on which to fasten 
the cable. 

NOR'MAN, 77. [north-man, or iiord-man.] A Norwegian, or 
a native of Normandy. 

NOR'MAN, a. Pertaining to Normandy, 

NOR'ROY, 77. [north and roy.] The title of the third of the 
three kings at arms or provincial heralds. 

NORTH, 77. [Sax. north ; G., Sw., Dan. nord ; D. noord ; It. 
no7’te ; Fr. nord.] One of the cardinal points, being that 
point of the horizon which is directly opposite to the sun 
in the meridian. 

NORTH, a. Being in the north ; as, the north polar star. 


NORTH-eAST', 77. The point between tne north and east, 
at an et^al distance from each. 

NORTH-eAST', a. Pertaining to the north-east, or proceed 
ing from that point. 

NORTH'ER-LY, a. Being towards the north, or nearer to- 
wards the north than to any other cardinal point. 

NORTH'ER-LY, adv. 1. Towards the north. 2. In a 
northern direction. 3. Proceeding from a northern point, 

NORTH'ERN, a. 1. Being in the north, or nearer to that 
point than to the east or west. 2. In a direction towards 
the north, or a point near it. 

t NORTTPERN-LY, adv. Toward the north. Hakewill. 

NORTH'ING, 77. 1. The motion or distance of a planet 
from the equator northward. 2. Course or distance north- 
ward of the equator. 

NORTH'-STaR, 77. The north polar star. 

NORTH'WARD, a. [Sax. north and weard.J Being towards 
the north. 

NORTH'WARDS | 'I'^wards the north. Dryden. 

NORTH-WEST', n. The point in the horizon between the 
north and west, and equally distant from each. 

NORTH-WEST', a. 1. Pertaining to the point between the 
north and west ; being in the northwest. 2. Proceeding 
from the northwest. 

NORTH-WEST'ERN, a. Pertaining to or being in the 
northwest, or*in a direction to the northwest. 

NORTH'-WIND, n. The wind that blows from the north. 
Watts._ 

NOR-We'6I-AN, a. Belonging to Norway. 

NOR-We'G 1-AN, 77. A native of Norway. 

NOSE, 77. [Sax. nose, ncese, nase ; G. nase.] 1. The promi- 
nent part of the face which is the organ of smell, consist- 
ing of two similar cavities called nostrils. 2. The end of 
anything. 3. Scent; sagacity. — To lead by the nose, to 
lead blindly. — To be led by the nose, to follow another 
obsequiously, or to be led without resistance or inquiring 
the reason. — To thrust one’s nose into the affairs of others, 
to meddle officiously in other people’s matters ; to be a 
busy-body. — To put one’s nose out of joint, to alienate the 
afiections from another. 

NOSE, v.t. 1. To smell ; to scent. Shak. 2. To face ; to 
oppose to the face. Wood. 

f NOSE, V. i. To look big ; to bluster. Shak. 

NoSE'BLEED, n. 1. A hemorrhage or bleeding at the nose. 
2. A plant of the genus achillea. 

Nosed, a. l. Having a nose. 2. Having sagacity. 

NoSE'-FISH, 77. A fish of the leather-mouthed kind, with 
a flat blunt snout ; called, also, broad-snout. 

NoSE'GaY, 77. [nose, and Celtic geac.] A bunch of flowers 
used to regale the sense of smelling. 

NoSE'LESS, a. Destitute of a nose. Shak. 

NoSE'-SMaRT, 77. A plant, 7ia5t777*t777777 ; cresses. 

NoSE'THRIL. See Nostril. 

NOS'LE, 77. A little nose ; the extremity of a thing. See 
Nozzle. 

N0S-0-L0G'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to nosology, or a sys- 
tematic classification of diseases. 

NO-SOL'O-GIST, 77. One w’ho classifies diseases, an'anges 
them in order, and gives them suitable names. 

NO-SOL'O-GY, 77. [Gr. voaos and Aoyoj.] 1. A treatise on 
diseases, or a systematic arrangement or classification of 
diseases. 2. That branch of medical science which treats 
of the classification of diseases. 

NO-SO-PO-ET'IC, a. [Gr. vooog and nouu).] Producing dis- 
eases. [Little used.] Arbuthnot. 

NOS'TRIL, 77. [Sax. nosethyrl, ncesethyrl.] An aperture or 
passage through the nose. The nostrils are the passages 
through which air is inhaled and exhaled in respiration. 

NOS'TRUM, 77. [L., from noster.] A medicine, the ingre- 
dients of which are kept secret for the purpose of restrict- 
ing the profits of sale to the inventor or proprietor. 

NOT, adv. [Sax. naht, or noht : G. nicht ,• Scot, nocht.] 1, 
A word that expresses negation, denial or refusal. 2, 
With the substantive verb, it denies being, or denotes ex- 
tinction of existence. 

NOT'A-BLE, a. [Fy. notable ^ Y. notabilis.] 1. Remark- 
able ; worthy of notice ; memorable ; observable ; distin- 
guished or noted. 2. Active; industrious; careful. — 3 
In Scripture, conspicuous ; sightly. 4. Notorious. Matt 
xxvii. 5. Terrible. Acts ii. 6. Known or apparent 
Acts iv. 

NOT'A-BLE, 77. 1. In France, the nobles or persons of rank 
and distinction were formerly called notables. 2. A thin 
worthy of observation. 

* NOT'A-BIjE-NESS, 77.- 1. Activity; industriousness j 
care ; [little used.] 2. Remarkableness. 

* NOT'A-BLY, adv. 1. Memorably ; remarkably ; emi- 
nently. 2. With show of consequence or importance. 

NO-Ta'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a notary. 2. Done or 
taken by a notary. 

NO'TA-RY, 77. [L. 77 ctfar 7*775.] 1. Primarily, a person em- 
ployed to take notes of contracts, trials and proceedings 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


NOT 


561 


NOV 


in courts among the Romans. — 2 . In modern usage^ an 
officer authorized to attest contracts or writings of any 
kind, to give them the evidence of authenticity. This 
officer is often styled notary public. 

N 0 -Ta'T 10 N, n. [L. notatio. ] 1 . The act or practice of re- 
cording any thing by marks, figures or characters. 2. 
Meaning ; signification ; [unusuaL] 

NOTCH, 71 . [qu. G. knicken.] 1 . A liollow cut in any thing ; 
a nick 3 an indentation. 2 . An opening or narrow pas- 
sage through a mountain or hill. United States. 

NOTCH, V. t. To cut in small hollows. Pope. 

NOTCH'-WEED, 71. A plant called orach. Johnson. 

I NOTE, for ne xoote^ knew not, or could not. Cha 7 icer. 

NOTE, 71 . [L. nota ; Fr. note.] ]. A mark or token ; some- 
thing by which a thing may be known 3 a visible sign. 
2 . A mark made in a book, indicating something worthy 
of particular notice. 3 . A short remark 3 a passage or ex- 
planation in the margin of a book. 4 . A minute, memo- 
randum or short writing intended to assist the memory. 
5 . Notice 5 heed. 6. Reputation 3 consequence 3 distinc- 
tion. 7 . State of being observed 3 [C?t.j — 8. In music, a 
character which marks a sound, or the sound itself. 9 . 
Tune 3 voice 3 harmonious or melodious sounds. 10 . Ab- 
breviation 3 symbol. 11 . A short letter 3 a billet. 12 . 
Annotation 3 commentary. 13 . A written or printed pa- 
per acknowledging a debt and promising payment. — 14 , 
jYotes, plu. a writing 3 a written discourse 3 applied 
equally to 7 iiinvtes or heads of a discourse or argument, or 
to a discourse fully 7 critte 7 U 15 . A diplomatic communi- 
cation in writing 3 an official paper sent from one minister 
or envoy to another. 

NOTE, v.t. [L. rioto.] 1 . To observe 3 to notice with par- 
ticular care 3 to heed 3 to attend to. 2 . To set down in 
writing. 3 . To charge, as with a crime 3 

I NOTE, V. U [Sax. hnita 7 i.'\ To butt 3 to push with the 
horns. Ray. 

NoTE'-BOOK, 71 . 1 . A book in which memorandums are 
written.* * 2 . A book in which notes of hand are registered, 

NoT'ED, pp. 1 . Set down in writing. 2 . Observed 3 no- 
ticed. 3 . a. Remarkable 3 much known by reputation or 
report 3 eminent 3 celebrated. 

NoT'ED-LY, adv. With observation or notice. Shak. 

NoT^ED-NESS, 71. Conspicuousness 3 eminence 3 celebrity. 

NoTE'EESS, a. Not attracting notice 3 not conspicuous. 

NoT'ER, r?. One who takes notice 3 an annotator. Oregoi'y. 

NoTE'W6R-THY, a. Worthy of observation or notice. 

'^'NOTHTNG, n. [no and thmg.] 1 . Not any thing 3 not 
any being or existence 3 a word that denies the existence 
of any thing 3 non-entity 3 opposed to something. 2 . Non- 
existence 3 a state of annihilation. 3 . Not any thing 3 not 
any particular thing, deed or event. 4 . No other thing. 

5 . No part, portion, quantity or degree, G. No import- 
ance 3 no value 3 no use. 7 . No possession of estate 3 a 
low condition, 8, A thing of no proportion to something, 
or of trifling value or adv’^antage. 9 , A trifle 3 a thing of 
no consideration or importance, — To 7 nake 7 iothmg of, to 
make no difficulty, or to consider as trifling, light or un- 
important, 

^NOTII'ING, adv. In no degree 3 not at all, Milton. 

* NOTHTNG-NESS, w. 1 . Nihility 3 non-existence. Do 7 me. 
2 . Nothing 5 a thing of no value. Hudihras. 

NC'TiCE, ?i. [Yt. ', \j. notitia.] 1 . Observation by the eye 
or by the other senses. 2 . Observation by the mind or 
intellectual power. 3 . Information 3 intelligence by what- 
ever means communicated 3 knowledge given or received. 

4 . A paper that communicates information. 5 , Atten- 
tion 3 respectful treatment 3 civility, 6, Remark 3 obser- 
vation. 

No'TiCE, V. t. 1 . To observe 3 to see. 2 . To heed 3 to re- 
gard. 3 . To remark 3 to mention or make observations 
on. Tooke. Hamilton. 4 , To treat with attention and ci- 
vilities. 5 . To observe intellectually. 

No'TiCE- A-BLE, a. That may be observed 5 worthy of 
observation. London Quai't. Rev. 

No'TICED, j)p. Observed 3 seen 3 remarked 3 treated with 
attention. 

No'Ti -CING, ppr. Observing 3 seeing 3 regarding 3 remark- 
ing on 3 treating with attention. 

No-TI-FI-Ga'TION, ??. 1 . The act o-f notifying or giving 
notice 3 the act of making known. 2 , Notice given in 
words or writing, or by signs. 3 . The writing which 
communicates information 3 an advertisement, citation, 

6. C. 

No'TI-FIED, pp. 1 . Made known 3 applied to things. 2 . 
Informed by words, writing or other means 3 applied to 
perso 7 is, 

NO'TI-FY, V. t, [Fr. notificr ; It. notifcare.] 1 . To make 
known 3 to declare 3 to publish. 2 . To make known by 
private communication 3 to give information of. 3 , To 
give notice to 3 to inform by words or writing, in person 
or by message, or by any signs which are understood, U. 

5. Jou 7 ’nals of the Senate. 

N 5 'TI-FY-ING, ppr. Making known 5 giving notice to. 

No'TION, 71 . [Fr. 5 L, notio,] 1 . Conception 3 mental ap- 


prehension of whatever may be known or imagined. 2. 
Sentiment 3 opinion. 3 . Sense 5 understanding 3 intel- 
lectual power 3 [ofo.] 4 . Inclination 3 in vulgar use. 
No'TION-AL, a. 1 . Imaginary 3 ideal 3 existing in idea 
only 3 visionary 3 fantastical. Bentley. 2 . Dealing in 
imaginary things 3 whimsical 5 fanciful, 
t NO-TION-AL'I-TY, 71. Empty, ungrounded opinion. 
No'TION-AL-LY, adv. In mental apprehension 3 in con- 
ception 3 not in reality. JVorris. 

No'TION-IST, 71 . One who holds to an ungrounded opin- 
ion. Bp. Hopkins . 

NO-TO-llT'E-TY, n. [Fr. 7 iotoriete.'\ 1 . Exposure to the 
public knowledge 3 the state of being publicly or generally 
known. 2 . Public knowledge. 

NO-To'RI-OUS, a. [It., Sp. 7 iotorio ; Fr. 7 iotoirc.'\ 1 . Pub- 
licly known 3 manifest to the world 3 evident 3 itsually, 
known to disadvantage 3 he 7 ice almost ahoays used in U 7 i 
ill sense. 2 . Yoovfn, in a good sc 7 ise. Shak. 
NO-To'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Publicly 3 openly 3 in a manner 
to be known or manifest. S 7 cift. 

NO-To'iU-OUS-NESS, 71. The state of being open or 
known 3 notoriety. 

fNOTT, 0. [Sax. /i/jot.] Shorn. Chaucer. 
j NOTT, 77. t. To shear. Stoice. 

No'TUS, r?. [Ij.] The south wind. Milton. 

NOT'WHkAT, [Sax. Wheat not bearded. 
NOT-WITIl-STAND'lNG, [commonly, but not correctly, 
classed among c 071 j mictions.'^ The participle of icithstand, 
with 7 iot prefixed, and signifying not opposing 3 neverthe- 
less. It retains, in all cases, its participial signification. 
This word answers precisely to the Latin 7 ion obstante, 
and both are used with nouns, or with substitutes for 
nouns, for sentences or for clauses of sentences. 
NOUGHT. See Naught. 

I NOUL, n. [Sax. /mol.] The top of the head. Spenser. 
j„,tNOULD, 7 ie 7 Dould, wmuld not. Spenser. 

NOUN, 11. [altered from L. noincn.] In gra 7 nmnr, a name 3 
that sound, or combination of sounds, by which a thing is 
called, whether material or immaterial, 
t NoUR'iCE, 71 . [Fr. 7ioM?vice.l A nurse. Sir T. Elyot. 
NoUR'lSH, (nur'ish) v.t. [Fr. 7io7irrh-.] 1 . To feed and 
cause to grow 3 to supply with nutriment. 2 . To sup- 
port 3 to maintain by feeding. 3 . To supply the means of 
support and increase 3 to encourage. 4 . To cherish 3 to 
comfort. James v. 5 . To educate 3 to instruct 3 to pro- 
mote growth in attainments. 1 Tim. iv. 

NoUR'lSH, (nur'ish) v. i. 1 , To promote growth. 2 . To 
gain nourishment. 
fNoURTSH, 71 . A nurse. Lydgate. 

N6UR'ISH-A-BLE, (nur'ish-a-bl) a. Susceptible of nourish- 
ment, Greiv. 

NoURTSHED, (nur'isht) pp. Fed 3 supplied with nutri- 
ment 5 caused to grow. 

N6URTSII-ER, (nur ish-er) n. The person or thing that 
nourishes, Milton. 

N6URTSH-ING, (nur'ish-ing) ppr. 1 , Feeding 3 supplying 
with aliment 3 supporting with food. 2 . a. Promoting 
grow'th 3 nutritious. 

N6URTSH-MENT, (nur'ish-meiit) n. 1 . That which serves 
to promote the growth of animals or plants, or to repair 
the waste of animal bodies 3 food 3 sustenance 3 nutri- 
ment., 2 . Nutrition 3 support of animal or vegetable bod- 
ies. 3 . Instruction, or that wfliich promotes growth in 
attainments. 

N6UR'I-TURE. See Nurture. 
fNoURS'LE, V. t. To nurse up. Spe 7 iser. 

NOURS'LING. See Nursling. 

t NoUS'LE, or NoUS'EL, t;. t. [corrupted from 7mr5Ze, I To 
nurse up. 

t NOUS'LE, or NOUS'EL, r, t. To insnare 3 to entrap 3 as 
in a noose or trap, 

NO-VA€'U-LlTE, n. [L, 7 iovac 7 ila,] Razor-stone. 
NO-Va'TIAN, n. In church histoinj, one of the sect of Ab- 
vatus, or Movatianus. 

NO-Va'TIAN-ISM, 71 . The opinions of the Novatians, 
NO-Va'TION. Sec Innovation, 

NO-V’’a'TOR. Sec Innovator. 

NOV'EL, a. [L.novellus ; Jt. 7 iovello; Sp. novel.] 1 . New 5 
of recent origin or introduction 3 not ancient 3 hence, un- 
usual. — 2. In the civil laiv, the novel constitutions are 
those which are supplemental to the code, and jiosterior 
in time to the other books. — 3 , In the coimnon laiv, the 
assize of novel disseizin is an action in which the demand- 
ant recites a complaint of the disseizin. 

NOV'EL, 71, L A new or supplemental constitution or de- 
cree. 2 . A fictitious tale or narrative in prose, intended 
to exhibit the operation of the passions, and particularly 
of love. 

NOV'EL-I«M, 71. Innovation. [Little 7 ised.] Dering. 
NOV'EL-IST, 71. 1 , An innovator 3 an assertor of novelty. 
2. A writer of a novel or of novels. 3 . A writer of news 3 
[06s,] Tatler, 

fNOV'EL-IZE, V. i. To innovate. 


♦ See Synopsis, M^iVE, BQOK, DOVE 3— ByLL, UNITE,— € as K j 0 w J } S as Z j CH os SH } TH as In this, f Obsolete. 

36 


NUM 


NUI 562 


NOV'EL-TY, n. Newness ; recentness of origin or intro- 
duction. Hooker. 

NO-VEM'BER, n. [L. from novem, nine ; the ninth month, 
according to the ancient Roman year, beginning in Marcli.] 
The eleventh month of the year. 

No'VEN-A-RY, 7t. [Li. novenariits.] The number nine; 
nine collectively. 

* No'VEN-A-RY, a. Pertaining to the number nine. 
NO-VEN'Nl-AL, a. [L. novem and annas.] Done every 
ninth year. Potter. 

NO-VER'CAL, a. [L. noverca.] Pertaining to a step-mother; 

in the manner of a step-mother. 

NOV'iCE, n. [Fr. ; L. novitias.] 1. One who is new in any 
business ; one unacquainted or unskilled ; one in the ru- 
diments ; a beginner. 2. One that has entered a religious 
house, but has not taken the vow ; a probationer. 3. One 
newly planted in the church, or one newly converted to 
the Christian faith. 

NO-VP'TIATE, n. [Fr. noviciat.] 1. The state or time of 
learning rudiments. — 2. In religious houses, a year or 
other time of probation for the trial of a novice, 
t NO-Vi''TIOUS, a. [L. novitius.] Newly-invented, 
f NOVT-TY, n. [L. novitas.] Newness. Brown. 

NOW, adv. [Sax., D., Sw., Dan., Doth. 7 im.] 1. At the 
present time. 2. A little while ago ; very lately. 3. At 
one time ; at another time. 4. JS'ow sometimes expresses 
or implies a connection between the subsequent and pre- 
ceding proposition ; often it introduces an inference or an 
explanation of what precedes. 5. After this ; things being 
so. 6. In supplication, it appears to be somewhat em- 
phatical. 7. Stow sometimes refers to a particular time 
past, specified or understood, and may be defined, at that 
time ; as, he was now sensible of his mistake. — JVow and 
then. 1. At one time and another, indefinitely ; occasion- 
ally ; not often ; at intervals. 2. Applied to places which 
appear at intervals or in succession. 

NOW, 71. The present time or moment. 

NOW-A-DaYS, adv. In this age. Oarrick. 

No'WaY, ) adv. [no and way.] In no manner or de- 
NcIAVaYS, i gree. 

NOWED, a. [Fr. noue.] Knotted ; tied in a knot ; used in 
heraldry. Encyc. 

f NOW'EL, 71. [Fr. noel.] A shout of joy or Christmas song. 
Chaucer. 

t NOWES, n. [Fr. nou.] The marriage knot. Crashaw. 
No'WIIERE, adv. [710 and where.] Not in any place or 
state^ 

No'WiSE, adv. [no and wise ; often, by mistake, written 
noways.] Not in any manner or degree. 

NOX'IOUS, (nok'shus) a. [L. noxius.] 1. Hurtful; harm- 
ful ; baneful ; pernicious ; destructive ; unwholesome ; 
insalubrious. 2. Guilty ; criminal. 3. Unfavorable ; in- 
jurious. 

NOX'IOUS-LY, adv. Hurtfully ; perniciously. 
NOXTOUS-NESS, n. 1. Hurtfulness ; the quality that in- 
jures, impairs or destroys ; insalubrity. 2. The quality 
that corrupts or perverts. 

NOY, NOY'ANCE, NOY'ER, NOY/FUL, NOY'OUS, 
NOY'SANCE. See Annoy and Nuisance. 

NOY'AU, (noy'o) n. A rich cordial. 

NOZZLE, ) 71. [from nose.] The nose ; the extremity of 
NOZ'ZLE, [ any thing ; the snout, 
t NUB'BLE, V. t. [for knubble.] To beat or bruise with the 
fist. Ainsworth. 

NU-BIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. nuhifer.] Bringing or producing 
clouds. Diet. 

t No^BI-LATE, V. t. [L. nuhilo.] To cloud. 

Nu'BiLE, a. [Fr. ; L. nubilis.] Marriageable; of an age 
suitable for marriage. Prior. 

Nu'BIL-OUS, a. [L. nubilus ] Cloudy. 

NU-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. nux and fero.] Bearing nuts. 
Nu'€LE-US, n. [L.] 1. Properly, the kernel of a nut ; but 
in usage, any body about which matter is collected. 2. 
The body of a comet, called, also, its head, which appears 
to be surrounded with light. 

NU-Da'TION, 71. [L. nudatio.] The act of stripping or 
making bare or naked. 

NUDE, a. [L. nudus.] 1. Bare. — 2. In laic, void ; of no 
force. 

Nu'DI-TY, 71. [Li.nuditas.] 1. Nakedness. — 2. JSTudities, 
in the plural, naked parts which decency requires to be 
concealed. — 3. In painting and sculpture, the naked parts 
of the human figure, or parts not covered with drapery. 
NU'DUM PAC'TUM. [L.] In law, an agreement that is 
void or not valid according to the laws of the land. 

NU-G ACT-TY, n. [L. nugax.] Futility ; trifling talk or be- 
havior. More. 

NU-Ga'TION, 71. [L. nugor.] The act or practice of trifling. 
[Little used.] Bacon. 

NU'GA-TO-RY, a. [L. nugatorius.] 1. Trifling; vain; fu- 
tile; insignificant. Bentley. 2. Of no force; inoperative; 
ineffectual. 

NCH'SANCE, ) 71. [Fr. nuisance.] 1. That which annoys 
Nu'SANCE, [ or gives trouble and vexation ; that which 


is offensive or noxious. — 2. In law, that which incom- 
modes or annoys ; something that produces inconvenience 
or damage. 

NUL, in laic, signifies no, not any ; as, nul disseizin. 
NULL, V. t. [L. nullus.] To annul ; to deprive of validity ; 

to destroy. [JVot much used.] See Annul. 

NULIv, a. [L. nullus.] Void ; of no legal or binding force 
or validity ; of no efficacy ; invalid, 
t NULL, n. Something that has no force or meaning. 

I NUL-LI-BFE-TY, 7J. [L. nullibi.] The state of being no- 
where. 

f NUL-LI-FID'I-AN, a. [L. nullus and jides.] Of no faith ; 

of no religion or honesty. Fcltham. 

NUL'LI-FH^D, pp. Made void. 

NUL'LI-Fy, V. t. [L. nullus and facio.] To annul; to 
make void ; to render invalid ; to deprive of legal force or 
efficacy. 

NUL'LI-TY, n. [Fr. nullite.] 1. Nothingness; want of 
existence. 2. Want of legal force, validity or efficacy. 
NUMB, (num) a. [Sax. numen.] 1. Torpid ; destitute of 
the power of sensation and motion. 2. Producing numb- 
ness ; benumbing ; [065.] 

NUMB, (num) v. t. To make torpid ; to deprive of the 
power of sensation or motion ; to deaden ; to benumb ; to 
stupefy. 

NUMBED, (numd)pp. Rendered torpid, 
t NUMB'ED-NESS, 71. Torpor; interruption of sensation. 
NUM'BER, 71. [Fr. no7iibre ; E. numerus.] 1. The designa- 
tion of a unit in reference to other units, or in reckoning, 
counting, enumerating. 2. An assemblage of two or more 
units. 3. More than one ; many. 4. Multitude. — 5. In 
poetry, measure ; the order and quantity of syllables con- 
stituting feet, which render verse musical to the ear. 6. 
Poetry ; verse. — 7. In grammar, the difference of termina- 
tion or form of a word, to express unity or plurality. — 8. 
In mathematics, number is variously distinguished. — Car- 
dinal numbers are those which express the amount of 
units ; as, 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. — Ordinal numbers 
are those which express order ; as, first, second, third, 
fourth, &c. 

NUM'BER, 7,\ t. [L. numero.] 1. To count ; to reckon ; to 
ascertain the units of any sum, collection or multitude. 

2. To reckon as one of a collection or multitude ; as, “ he 
was numbered with the transgressors.” Is. liii. 

NUM'BERED, pp. Counted; enumerated. 

NUM'BER-ER, n. One that numbers, 
t NUM'BER-FUL, a. Many in number. 

NUM'BER-ING, pp?'. Counting; ascertaining the units of a 
multitude or collection. 

NUM'BER-LESS, a. That cannot be counted ; innumera- 
ble. Milton. 

NUM'BERi*, n. The title of the fourth book of the Penta- 
teuch. 

NUMB'ING, (num'ming) ppr. Making torpid. 

NUM'BLES!, V. [Fr. nomblesA The entrails of a deer. 
NUMB'NESS, (numffies) n. Torpor; that state of a living 
body in which it has not the power of feeling. 
Nu^MER-A-BLE, a. [L. numerabilis.] That may be num- 
bered or counted. 

Nu'MER-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. numeralis .] 1. Pertaining to num- 
ber ; consisting of number. 2. Expressing number ; rep- 
resenting number ; standing as a substitute for figures. 

3. Expressing numbers. 

Nu'MER-AL, n. A numeral character or letter. Astle. 
Nu'MER-AL-LY, adv. According to number ; in number. 
Nu'MER-A-RY, a. Belonging to a certain number. 
Nu'MER-ATE, y. f. To count or reckon in numbers; to 
calculate. Lancaster. 

NU-MER-a'TION, n. [L. numeratio.] 1. The act or art of 
numbering. — ^2. In ai'itkmctic, notation ; the art of ex- 
pressing in characters any number proposed in words. 
Nu'MER-A-TOR, n. [L.] 1. One that numbers. — 2. In 
arithmetic, the number in vulgar fractions which shows 
how many parts of a unit are taken. 

NU-MERTC, ) a. [It numerico ,* Fr. numerique.] 1. Be- 
NU-MER'I-CAL, ) longing to number ; denoting number ; 
consisting in numbers. — 2. JVumerical difference is that 
by which one individual is distinguished from another. 
NU-MER'I-GAL-LY, adv. 1. In numbers. 2. With respect 
to nuraber or sameness in number. 
fNu'MER-IST, n. One that deals in numbers, 
t NU-MER-OS'I-TY, n. The state of being numerous. 
NO'MER-OUS, a. [L. numerosus.] 1. Being many, or con- 
sisting of a great number of individuals. 2. Consisting of 
poetic numbers ; melodious ; musical. 

Nu'MER-OUS-LY, adv. In great numbers. 
Nu'MER-OUS-NESS, 71. 1. The quality of being numerous 
or many ; the quality of consisting of a great number of 
individuals. 2. The quality of consisting of poetic num- 
bers ; melodiousness ; musicalness. 

NU-MIS-MAT'IC, a. [L. numisma.] Pertaining to money, 
coin or medals. 

NU-MIS-MAT'ICS, n. The science of coins and medals. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, 6, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PR^Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete. 


o 


I 


o 


563 


NU-MIS-MA-T0L'0-(jIST, 71. One versed in the knowl- 
edge of coins and medals. 

NU-MIS-MA-TOL'0-(jY, n. [Gr. vojjucija and Aoyo?.] The 
branch of historical science which treats of coins and 
medals. 

NUM'MA-RY, 1 a. [L. nummus.] Pertaining to coin or 

NUAPMU-LAR, ) money. .Srbuttinot. 

NUM^MU-LITE, 71. FL. 7ta77i»7us.] Fossil remains of a cham- 
bered shell of a nattened form, formerly mistaken for 
money. 

tNUMFS, n. A dolt ; a blockhead. Parker. 

NUMBSKULL, 71. [7mmb and skull.] A dunce ; a dolt j a 
stupid fellow. Prior. 

NUM'SKULLED, a. Dull in intellect ; stupid j doltish. 

NUN, 71. [Sax., Dan. nmine ; D. 7ion ; G. nomiej Sw. 7luti- 
Tia ,• Fr. 7107171C.] A woman devoted to a religious life, and 
who lives in a cloister or nunnery. 

NUN, n. 1. A web-footed fowl of the size of a duck, with 
a white head and neck. 2. The blue titmouse. 

NUN'CHION, 71. A portion of food taken between meals. 
Ainsworth. 

NUN'CI-A-TURE, (nun'she-a-ture) ti. The office of a nuncio. 

NUN^CI-O, (nun'she-o) n. [It. nunzio ; L. 7 iuncius.] 1. An 
embassador from the pope to some catholic prince or state. 
2. A messenger ; one who brings intelligence. 

f NUN'CU-PATE, V. t. [L. nuTicupo.] To declare publicly 
or solemnly, Barrow. 

NUN-GU-Pa'TION, 71. A naming. Chaucer. 

NUN-GCj'PA-TIVE, )a. \\i.7iuncupativo -jYY.nuncupatif.] 

NUN-GU'PA-TO-RY, j 1. Nominal j existing only in 
name. 2. Publicly or solemnly declaratory. 3. Verbal j 
not written. 

NUN^DI-NAL, 1 a. [L. 7iundinalis.] 1. Pertaining to a 

NUN^DI-NA-RY, i fair or to a market day. 2. A nu7tdi- 
nal letter, among the Romans, was one of the eight first 
letters of the alphabet, which were repeated successively 
from the first to the last day of the year. 

NUN'DI-NAL, n. A nundinal letter. 

t NUN'DI-NATE, v. i. To buy and sell at fairs. 

f NUN-DI-Na'T 10N, 71. Traffick in fairs. 

NUN-Na'TION, 71. In Arabic grammar, from the name of 
JV, the pronunciation of n at the end of words. 

NUN'NER-Y, 71. A house in which nuns reside. 

NUP'TIAL, a. [L. nuptialis.] 1. Pertaining to marriage ; 
done at a wedding. 2. Constituting marriage. 

NUP'TIALS, 71. plu. Marriage, which see. Drijden. 

NURSE, (nurs) 7i. [Fr. 7iourrice.] 1. A woman that has 
the care of infants, or a woman employed to tend the 
children of others. 2. A woman who suckles infants. 3. 
A woman that has the care of a sick person. 4. A man 
who has the care of the sick. 5. A person that breeds, 
educates or protects j hence, that which breeds, brings up 
or causes to grow. 6. An old woman ; m co7itempt. 7. 
The state of being nursed. — 8. In composition, that which 
supplies food. 

NURSE, (nurs) v.t. 1. To tend, as infants. 2. To suckle ; 
to nourish at the breast. 3. To attend and take care of 
in child-bed. 4. To tend the sick. 5. To feed ; to main- 
tain ; to bring up. 7.5. lx. 6. To cherish; to foster; to 
encourage ; to promote growth in. 7. To manage with 
care and economy, with a view to increase. 

NURSED, pp. Tended in infancy or sickness; nourished 
from the breast ; maintained ; cherished. 

NURS'ER, 71. One that cherishes or encourages growth. 

NURS'ER-Y, 71. 1. The place or apartment in a house ap- 
propriated to the care of children. 2. A plantation of 
young trees. 3. The place where any thing is fostered 
and the growth promoted. 4. That which forms and ed- 
ucates. 5. The act of nursing ; [little used.] 6. That 
which is the object of a nurse’s care. 

NURS'ING, ppr. Tending; nourishing at the breast ; edu- 
cating ; maintaining. 

NURS'LING, 71. 1. An infant; a child. 2. One that is 
nursed. 

NURT'URE, 71. [Fr. nourriture.] 1. That which nour- 
ishes ; food ; diet. 2. That which promotes growth ; ed- 
ucation ; instruction. 

NURT'URE, V. t. 1. To feed ; to nourish. 2. To educate ; 
to bring or train up. Wotton. 

Nu'SANCE. See NuisArtcE, 


NUS'TLE, V. t. To fondle ; to cherish. Ainsicorth. 

NUT, 71. [Sax. hnut.] 1. The fruit of certain trees and 
shrubs, consisting of a hard shell inclosing a kemel. — ^2. 
In mechanics, a small cylinder or other body, with teeth 
or projections corresponding with the teeth or grooves 
ot a wheel. 3. The projection near the ej^e of an an- 
chor. 

NUT, V. t. To gather nuts. Wood. 

NU-Ta'TION, 71. [L. nutatiu.] In astronomij, a kind of 
tremulous motion of the axis of the earth, by which, in its 
annual revolution, it is twice inclined to the ecliptic, and 
as often returns to its former position. 

NUTMJREaK-ER. See Nutcracker. 

NUT'-BROWN, a. Brown as a nut long kept and dried. 

NUT'-€RAGK-ER, 77. 1. An instrument for cracking nuts. 
2. A bird of the genus corvus ; the nut-breaker. 

NUT'GALL, 71. An excrescence of the oak. Brown. 

NUT'-IIATCH, 77. The common name of birds of the ge- 
nus sitta. 

NUT'-HOOK, 71. A pole with a hook at the end to pull 
down boughs for gathering the nuts ; also, the name given 
to a thief that stole goods from a window by means of a 
hook. 

NUT'JOB-BER, or NUTTECK-ER, 77. A bird. Ainsworth. 

NUT'MEG, 77. [L. 717LZ 7noschaia.] The fruit of a tree of 
the genus 7mjristica, growing in the isles of the East Indies 
and S^outh Sea. 

[ NU-TRI-Ca'TION, 71. Manner of feeding or being fed. 

Nu'TRI-ENT, a. [L. nutrio.] Nourishing ; promoting 
growth. * 

Nu'TRI-ENT, 77. Any substance which nourishes by 
promoting the growth or repairing the w’aste of animal 
bodies. 

Nu'TRI-MENT, 7i. [L. nutrbnentum.] 1. That which nour- 
ishes ; food ; aliment. 2. That which promotes enlarge- 
ment or improvement. 

NU-TRI-MENT'AL, a. Having the qualities of food ; ali- 
mental. 

NU-TRF^TION, 77, [L. nutritio.] 1. The act or process 
of promoting the growth or repairing the waste of ani- 
mal bodies ; the act or process of promoting growth in 
Vegetables. 2. That which nourishes ; nutriment. 

NU-TRF'TIOUS, a. Nourishing ; promoting the growth or 
repairing the waste of animal bodies. 

Nu'TRI-TiVE, a. Having the quality of nourishing ; nu- 
trimental ; alimental. 

t Nu'TRI-TURE, 71. The quality of nourishing, 

NUT'-SHELL, 77. 1. The hard shell of a niit ; the covering 
of the kernel. 2. A thing of little compass or of little 
value. 

NUT'-TREE, 71. A tree that bears nuts. 

NUZ'ZLE, V. t. To nurse ; to foster. [ Vulgar.] 

NUZ'ZLE, V. t. [qu. from 7iose, or 7ioui'slc.] To hide the 
head, as a child in the mother’s bosom. Bailey. 

NUZ'ZLE, 7’. t. To nestle ; to house as in a nest. 

NUZ'ZLE, V. i. To go with the nose near the ground, or 
thrusting the nose into the ground like a swine. 

NYC'TA-LOPS, 77. [Gr. vu/craXwi,^/.] 1. One that sees best 
in the night. 2. One who loses his siglit as night comes 
on, and remains blind till morning. 

NY€'TA-LO-PY, n. 1. The faculty of seeing best in dark- 
ness, or the disorder from which tliis faculty proceeds. — 
2. In present iisaffe, the disorder in which the patient loses 
liis sight as night approaches, and remains blind till morn- 
ing. 

NyE, 77, A brood or dock of pheasants, 

NYL'GAU, 71. A quadruped of the genus bos. 

NYMPH, 77. [L. 7iym2)ha ; Gr. vvyepy.] 1. In vnjthology, a 
goddess of the mountains, forests, meadows and waters. — 
2. In poetry, a lady. 

NYMPH, \ n. Another name of the pupa, chrysalis, or azt- 

NYxMPH'A, \ relia. 

NYM-PHe'AN, a. Pertaining to nymphs ; inhabited by 
nymphs. Faber, 

NYMPH'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to nymphs. 

NYMPH'ISH, a. Relating to nymphs ; ladylike. Drayto7i, 

NYMPH'LlKE, ) TiTrivir^na 

NYMPH'LY > nymphs. 

I NYS, [we and is,] None is; is not, Spensei'. 


O. 


O is the fifteenth letter, and the fourth vowel, in the 
English Alphabet. It has a long sound, as in tone, hone, 
roll, droll; a short sound, as in lot, plod, rod; and the 
sound of 00 , or the Italian u, and French ou, as in 7nove, 
prove. This sound is shortened in words ending in a close 
articulation, as in hook, foot. 


As a numeral, O was sometimes used by the ancients for 11, 
and, with a dash over it, o, for 11,000. 

Among the Irish, O, prefixed to the name of a family, de- 
notes progeny, or is a character of dignity ; as, O’Neil, 
O is often used as an exclamation, expressing a wish ; as, 0, 
were he present. Dryden. 


* See Sy7iopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 


OBE 


564 


OBJ 


O. S. stands for old sUjle. 

OAF, 71. [said to be a corruption of oupn.^ 1. A cliangeling; 

a foolish child left by fairies in the place of another. 2. 
_ A dolt ; an idiot ; a blockhead. 

OAF'ISH, a. Stupid ; dull; doltish. \^Littlc iLsedA 
OAF'ISII-NESS, n. Stupidity ; dullness ; folly. \_L. «.] 
oAK, 71. [Sax. ac, «c.] A tree of the genus quercus. 
OAK'-AP-PLE, n. A kind of spungy excrescence on oak 
leaves or tender branches, &c.; called, also, oak leaf gall, 
or gall-nut. 

OAK'EN, (6'kn)a. 1. Made of oak, or consisting of oak. 2. 

Composed of branches of oak. Addison. 

OAK'EN-PIN, 71. An apple ; so called from its hardness. 
OAK'LING, n. A young oak. Evelyn. 

OAK'UM, n. [Sax. cecemba, (Bcumbe.] The substance of old 
_ ropes untwisted and pulled into loose hemp. 
oAK'Y, a. [from oak.] Hard ; firm ; strong. Hall. 
oAR, 71. [Sax. ar.] An instrument for rowing boats. — To 
boat the oars, in seamanship, to cease rowing and lay the 
oars in the boat. — I'o ship the oars, to place them in the 
row-locks. — To unship the oars, to take them otit of tlie 
_ row-locks. 

OAR, V. i. To row. Po-pe. 

CAR, V. t. To impel by rowing. Shah. 

OAR'Y”, a. Having the form or use of an oar. Milton. 
O'A-SIS, 77. A fertile spot surrounded by an arid desert. 
OAS7\ GST, or OUST, 77. [qu. Gr.£crrta,or A kiln 

to dry hops or malt. Mortimer. 

OAT, 77. [Sax. ate.] A plant of the genus arena. The word 
is commonly used in the plural, oats. The meal of this 
grain, oatmeal, forms a considerable and very valuable 
article of food for man in Scotlaiid, and every where oats 
are excellent food for horses and cattle. 

OAT^CAKE, 77. A cake made of the meal of oats. 

OAT'EN, (o'tn) a. 1. Made of oatmeal ; as, oaten cakes. 

2.'Consisting of an oat straw or stem ; as, an oaten pipe. 
_ Milton. 

OATH, 77. [Sax. ath.] A solemn affirmation or declaration, 
made with an appeal to God for the truth of what is af- 
firmed. 

|oATIPA-BLE, 77. Capable of having an oath administer- 
_ ed to. 

oATH7BREaK-ING, 77. The violation of an oath ; perjury. 
OAT'MALT, 77. Malt made of oats. Mortimer. 
oAT'MkAL, 77. 1. Meal of oats produced by grinding or 
pounding. Gay. 2. A plant ; [eZ>5.] 
t OAT'THIS-TLE, n. A plant. Ainsioorth. 

OB, a Latin preposition, signifies, primarily, in front, be- 
fore, and hence against, towards ; as in objicio, to object, 
that is, to throw against. It has also the force of m or 7777 , • 
as in obtrude . — In composition, the letter b is often changed 
into the first letter of the word to which it is prefixed ; 
as in orxasion, offer, oppose. 

t OB-AM'BU-LATE, v. i. [L. obambulo.] To walk about, 
t OB-AM-BU-La'TION, 77. A walking about. Diet. 
OB-BLI-Ga'TO, a. [It.] A term in music, signifying on 
purpose for the instrument named. Cyc. 

OB-CORD'ATE, a. [L. ob and cor.] In botany, shaped like 
a heart, with the apex downward. 

OB-DOR-Mi"TION, n. [L. obdormio.] Sleep ; sound sleep. 
[LitUe used.] Hall. 

OB-DuCE', V. t. [L. obduco.] To draw over, as a covering. 
[Little used.] Hale. 

t OB-DUGT', V. t. [L. obduco.] To draw over ; to cover. 
OB-DUC'TION, 77. [L. obductio.] The act of drawi)ig over, 
as a covering ; the act of laying over. [Little used.] 

* OB'DU-RA-CY, 77. Invincible hardness of lieart ; impen- 
itence that cannot be subdued ; inflexible persistency in 
sin ; obstinacy in wickedness. 

OIVDU-RATE, a. [L. obdaro.] 1. Hardened in heart; 
inflexibly hard ; persisting obstinately in sin or impeni- 
tence. 2. Hardened against good or favor ; stubborn ; 
unyielding ; inflexible. 3. Harsh ; rugged. [L. u.] Swift. 

•f OB'DU-RATE, 7). t. To harden. .More. 

* OB'I)U-RATE-LY, ado. Stubbornly ; inflexibly ; with ob- 
stinate impenitence. 

* OB'DU-RATE-NESS, n. Stubbornness ; inflexible persist- 
ence in sin. 

OB-DTJ-RA'nnON, 77. Tlie hardening of the heart ; hardness 
of heart; stubbornness. Hooker. 

OB-DDRE', V. t. [L. obduro.^ 1. To harden ; to render 
obstinate in sin ; [Z. u.] 2 . To render inflexilde ; [Z. 77.] 
OB-DuR'ED, (ob-durd') pp. or a. Hardened ; inflexible ; im- 
penitent. 

OB-DuR'ED-NESS, (ob-durd'nes) n. Hardness of heart ; 
stubbornness. 

* 0-BkT)I-ENCE, 77. [Fr.; L. obedientia.] Compliance with 
a command, prohibition or known law and rule of duty 
prescribed ; the performance of what is recpiired or en- 
joined by authority, or the abstaining from what is pro- 
hibited, in comphance with the command of prohibi- 
tion. Obedience is not synonymous with obsequiousness ; 
the latter often implying meanness or servility, and 
obedience being merely a proper submission to authority. 


* 0-Be'DI-ENT, a. [L. obediens.] Submissive to authority j 
yielding compliance with commands, orders or injunc- 
tions ; performing what is required, or abstaining from 
what is forbid. 

^ O-BE-DI-EN'TIAL, a. [Fr. obcdiencicl.] According to the 
rule of obedience ; in compliance with commands. 

* O-Be'DI-ENT-LY, adv. With obedience ; with due sub- 
mission to commands. Tillotsoii. 

* O-BkI'SANCE, 77. [Fr. obeissancc.] A bow or courtesy ; 
an act of reverence made by an inclination of the body or 
the knee. 

OB-E-LIS'CAL, a. In the form of an obelisk. Stukcley. 

OB'E-LISK, 77. [L. 77 Z>eZ 7 S 7 : 77 . 5 .] 1. A truncated, quadrangu- 

lar and slender pyramid intended as an ornament. — 2. In 
7criting and printing, a reference or mark referring the 
reader to a note in the margin, thus, f. It is used also for 
designating obsolete words, or for other purposes. 

f 0-BEQ,'UI-TATE, V. i. [L. obequito.] To ride about. 

f O-BEQi-LT-Ta'TION, 77. The act of riding about. 

OB-ER-R action, 77. [L. oberro.] The act of wandering 
about. [Little used.] .Johnson. 

0-BeSE', a. [L. 77Z»C5775.] Fat ; fleshy. [Little used.] 

O-BeSE'NESS, Z 77. [E. obesitas.] Fatness; fleshiness; in- 

O-BES'I-TY, ^ cumbrance ol flesh. 

O-BEY', (o-ba') V. t. [Fr. obeir.] 1. To comply with the 
commands, orders or instructions of a superior, or with 
the requirements of law. 2. To submit to the government 
of; to be ruled by. 3. To submit to the direction or con- 
trol of. 4. To yield to the impulse, power or opera- 
tion of. 


O-BEY'ED, (o-bade') pp. Complied with ; performed ; as a 
command ; yielded to. 

0 -BEY‘ER, 77. One who yields obedience. 

O-BEY'ING, Complying with commands; submit- 


ting to. 
tOB-FiRM', 
t OB-FiRM'ATE, 


Darkened in color. Shenstone. 

The act of darkening or rendering 


v.t. To make firm ; to harden in reso- 
lution. Hall. 

OB-FUS'CATE, v. t. [L. ob and fusco.] To darken ; to ob- 
scure. Waterhouse. 

OB-FUS'€ATE, } 

OB-FUS'€A-TED, \ 

OB-FUS-€a'TION, 77. 
obscure ; a clouding. 

OB'IT, 77. [L. obiit, obivit.] Properly, death ; decease ; 
hence, funeral solemnities or anniversary service for the 
soul of the deceased on the day of his death. 

0-BIT'U-AL, a. [L. obitus.] Pertaining to obits, or the days 
when funeral solemnities are celebrated. Encyc. 

O-BIT'U-A-RY, 77. [Fr. obituaire.] 1. A list of the dead, 
or a register of obitual anniversary days, when service is 
performed for the dead. 2. An account of persons de- 
ceased. 


0-BIT U-A-RY, a. Relating to the decease of a person. 

OB'JECT, 77. [Fr. objet / L. objectum.] 1. That a'oout 
which any power or faculty is employed, or something 
apprehended or presented to the mind by sensation or im- 
agination. 2. That to which the mind is directed for ac- 
complishment or attainment ; end ; ultimate purpose. 3. 
Something presented to the senses or the mind, to excite 
emotion, aflection or passion. — 4. In grammar, tliat which 
is produced, influenced or acted on by something else ; 
that which follows a transitive verb. 

OB'JECT-GLASS, 77. In a telescope or microscope, the glass 
placed at the end of a tube next the object. 

OB-JECT', V. t. [L. objicio.] 1. To oppose ; to present in 
opposition. 2. To present or offer in opposition. 3. To 
otfer ; to exhibit ; [little used.] 

OB-JECT', V. i. To oppose in words or arguments ; to offer 
reasons against. 

t OB-JECT', a. Opposed ; presented in opposition. 

OB-JECT'A-BLE, a. That may' be opposed. Taylor. 

OB-JEC'TION, 77. [L. objectio.] 1. The act of objecting. 
2. That which is presented m opposition ; adverse rea- 
son or argument. 3. That which may be offered in op- 
position ; reason existing, though not offered, against 
a measure or an opinion. 4. Criminal charge ; fault 
found, 

OB-JEC'TION-A-BLE, fl. Justly liable to objections ; such 
as may' be objected against. 

OB-JECT'lVE, a. [Fr. objectif.] 1. Belonging to the object; 
contained in the object. — 2. In grammar, the objectivo 
case is that which follows a transitive verb or a preposi- 
tion. 

OB-JECT'iVE-LY, adv. 1. In the manner of an object. 
Locke. 2. In the state of an object. Brown. 

OB-JECT'IVE-NESS, n. The state of being an object. 

OB-JECT/QR, 77. One that objects ; one that olfers argu- 
ments or reasons in opposition to a proposition or meas- 
ure. 

I OB-JUR*G ATE, 7?. t. [L. ohjurgo.] To chide ; to reprove. 

OB-JUR-G ACTION, 77. [L, objurgaUo.] The act of chiding 
by way of censure ; reproof ; reprehension. [Little i/sctZ.j 

OB-JUR'GA-TO-RY, a. Containing censure or reproof; cul- 
patory. [Little used.] Howell. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, 0, D, Y, Zeti^.—FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


OBL 


565 


OBS 


OB-LA'DA, 7t. A fish of the sparus kind. 

OB-IiATE', a. [L. oblatus.'] Flattened or depressed at the 
poles. Chcyne. 

OB-LaTE'NESS, 71. The quality or state of being oblate. 

OB-La'TION, n. [L. oblatio.^ Any thing oftered or pre- 
sented in worship or sacred service j an olfering j a sacri- 
fice. 

f OB-La'TION-ERj n. One who makes an offering as an 
act of worship or reverence. 

I OB-LEC'TATE, v. t. [L. oblecto.] To delight. 

0B-LE€-Ta'T10iV, 71. The act of pleasing highly ; delight. 
Fcltham. 

OB'LI-OATE, V. t. [L. obligo.'] To bind, as one’s self, in a 
moral and legal sense ; to impose on, as a duty which the 
law or good faith may enforce. Churchill. 

OB'LI-GA-TED, pp. Bound by contract or promise. 

OB'LI-G A-TING, p/?r. Bound by covenant, contract, prom- 
ise or bond. 

OB-LI-Ga'TION, 71. [L. obligatio.] 1. The binding power 
of a vow, promise, oath or contract, or of law, civil, po- 
litical or moral, independent of a promise ; tliat which 
constitutes legal or moral duty, and which renders a per- 
son liable to coercion and punishment for neglecting it. 
2. The binding force of civility, kindness or gratitude, 
when the performance of a duty cannot be enforced by 
law. 3. Any act by which a person becomes bound to do 
something to or for another, or to forbear sometliing. — 4. 
In law, a bond with a condition annexed, and a penalty 
for non-fulfilment. 

OB-LI-Ga'TO. See Obbligato. 

OB'Ll-GA-TO-RY, a. Binding in law or conscience ; impos- 
ing duty ; requiring performance or forbearance of some 
act. 

*0-BLlGE', V. t. [Fr. obliger ; L. obligo.] 1, 7’o constrain 
by necessity ; to compel by physical force. 2. To con- 
strain by legal force ; to bind in law. 3. To bind or con- 
strain by moral force. 4. To bind in conscience or hon- 
or ; to constrain by a sense of propriety. 5. To do a fav'or 
to 5 to lay under obligation of gratitude. 6. To do a favor 
to ; to please ; to gratify. 7. To indebt. 

*0-BLTG'ED, (o-blljd') pp. Bound in duty or in law j com- 
pelled ; constrained ; favored ; indebted. 

OB-LI-GEE', n. The person to whom another is bound, or 
the person to whom a bond is given. 

* O-BLTGE'MENT, n. Obligation. [Little used.] Dryden. 

*0-BLT'GER, 71. One that obliges. 

* 0-BLT'GING, ppr. 1. Binding in law or conscience ; com- 
pelling ; constraining. 2. Doing a favor to. 

*0-BLT'GlNG, a. [Fr. obligeant.] Having the disposition to 
do favors, or actually conferring them. 

* 0-BLI'GING-LY, ado. With civility; kindly; complai- 
santly. 

0-BLl'GING-NESS, n. 1. Obligation; [little used.] 2. 
Civility ; complaisance ; disposition to exercise kindness. 

OB-LI-GOR', n. The person who binds himself or gives his 
bond to another. Blackstone. 

OB-LI-CIUa'TION, n. [L. obliquo.] 1. Declination from a 
straight line or course ; a turning to one side. 2. Deviation 
from moral rectitude. 

* OB-LlUUE', I , . S «. [L. obliquus ; Fr. oblique.] 

♦OB-LIKE', \ j Deviating from a right 

line ; not direct ; not perpendicular ; not parallel ; aslant. 
2. Indirect ; by a side glance. Shak . — 3. In grammar, an 
oblique case is any case except the nominative. 

* OB-LIQlUE'LY, ado. 1. In a line deviating from a right 
line ; not directly ; not perpendicularly. 2. Indirectly ; 
by a side glance ; by an allusion ; not in the director plain 
meaning. 

♦OB-LiaUE'NESS, n. Obliquity. 

OB-LECi'HI-TY, 71. [h. obliquitas ^ Fr. obliquitp.] 1. Devi- 
ation from a right line ; deviation from parallelism or j»er- 
pendicularity. 2. Deviation from moral rectitude. 3. Ir- 
regularity ; deviation from ordinary rules. 

OB-iAT'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. obmero.] 1. To efface ; to erase 
or blot out any thing written ; or to efface any thing en- 
graved. 2. To efface ; to wear out ; to destroy by time or 
other means. 3. To reduce to a very low or imperceptible 

OB-LITfER-A-TED, pp. Effaced ; erased ; worn out. 

OB-LIT'ER-A-TING, ppr. Effacing; wearing out; de- 
stroying. 

OB-IAT-ER-a'TION, 7?. The act of effacing ; effacement ; 
a blotting out or wearing out ; extinction. Hale. 

OB-LIVT-OY, n. [\j. ohlioio.] 1. Forgetfulness; cessation 
of remembrance. 2. A forgetting of offenses, or remission 
of punishment. 

OB-LIVT-OUS, a. [L. chUviosus.] 1. Causing forgetfulness. 
Shak. 2. Forgetful. Cavendish. 

t OB'J/4-CU-TOR, 71. A gainsayer. Bull. 

OB'LONG, a. [Fr. ; L. oblongus.] Longer than broad. 

OB'IiOYG, n. A figure or solid which is longer than it is 
broad. 

OB'LOYG-ISH, a. Somewhat oblong. 

OB'LONG-LY, ado. In an oblong form. Cheync. 


OB'LONG -NESS, n. The state of being longer than broad. 

OB'LONG-o'VATE, a. In botany, between oblong and 
ovat_e, but inclined to the latter. Marty u. 

OB-Lo'ClUl-OUS, a. Containing obloquy ; reproachful. 

OB'LO-(elUY, V. [L. obloquor.] 1. Censorious speech ; re- 
proachful hinguage ; language that casts contempt on men 
or their actions. 2. Cause of reproach ; disgrace ; [ois.l 

OB-LUC-Ta'TION, 7f. [Ij. oblactur.] A struggling or striv'- 
ing against ; resistance ; [little used.] Fotherhq. 

OB-MU-TES'CEYCE, n. [L. obmutesco.] 1. Loss of speech ; 
silence. 2. A keeping silence. 

OB-NOX'fOUS, (ob-nok'shus) a. [L. obnoxius.] 1. Subject; 
answerable. 2. Liable ; subject to cognizance or jiunish- 
ment. 3. Liable ; exposed. 4. Reprehensible ; censura- 
ble ; not approved. Fell. 5. Odious; hateful; offensive. 
G. Hurtful ; noxious. 

OB-NOX'IOUS-LY, ado. 1. In a stale of subjection or lia- 
bility. 2. Reprehensibly ; odiously; offensively. 

OB-NOXHOUS-JNESS, n. 1. Subjection or liableness to pun- 
ishment. 2. Odiousness ; offensiveness. 

OB-Nu'BI-LATE, v. t. [L. obiiubilor.] To cloud; to ob- 
scurG • 

OB-NU-BI-La'TION, 71. The act or operation of making 
dark or obscure. Beddoes. 

OB'OLE, n. [L. obolus.] In pharmacy, the weight of ten 
grains, or half a scruple. Encyc. 

OB'O-LUS, 71. [L.] A small silver coin of Athens, the sixth 
part of a drachma, about two cents in value. 

OB-C)'VATE, a. In botany, inversely ovate ; having the 
narrow end downward. Marty n. 

OB-REP'TION, V. [L. obrepo.] The act of creeping on with 
secrecy or by surprise. 

OB-REP-Ti"T[OUS, a. Done or obtained by surprise ; with 
secrecy or by concealment of the truth. 

OB-SCeNE', (ol)-seen') a. [Fr. ; L. obsc(mus.] 1. Offensive 
to clmstity and delicacy ; impure. 2. Foul ; filthy ; offen- 
sive ; disgusting. 3. Inauspicious ; ill-omened. Dryden. 

OB-SCeXE'LY, ado. In a manner offensive to chastity or 
purity ; impurely ; unchastely. Milton. 

OB-SCf.NE'NESS, ^ 77. [Fr. obscenile ; L. ohscanitas .] 1. 

OB-SCEN'ITY, i Impurity in expression or representa- 
tion ; that quality in words or things which presents what 
is offensive to cliastity or purity of mind ; ribaldry. 2. 
Unchaste actions; lewdness. 

OB-SGU-RA'TION, v. [L. obscuratio.] 1. The act of d.ark- 
ening. 2. The state of being darkened or obscured. 

OB-S€uRE', a. [L. obscurus.] 1. Dark; destitute of light. 
2. laving in darkness. 3. Not easily understood ; not ob- 
viously intelligible ; abstruse. 4. Not much known or 
observed ; retired ; remote from observation. 5. Not 
noted ; unknown ; unnoticed ; humble ; mean. 6. Scarce- 
ly legible. 7. Not clear, full or distinct ; imperfect. 

OB-S€uRE', V. t. [L. ubscuro.] 1. To darken ; to make 
dark. 2. To cloud ; to make partially dark. 3. To hide 
from the view. 4. To make less visible. .5. To make 
less legible. G. To make less intelligible. 7. To niake 
less glorious, beautiful or illustrious. 8. To conceal ; to 
make unknown. 9. To tarnish. 

OB-S€uRE'LY, ado. 1. Darkly ; not clearly ; imperfectly. 
2. Out of sight ; in a state not to be noticed ; privately ; in 
retirement ; not conspicuously. 3. Net clearly ; not plain- 
ly to the mind ; darkly. 4. Not plainly ; indirectly ; by 
hints or allusion. 

0B-S€URE'NESS, or OB-S€u'RT-TY, ?/. [L. cbscuritas.] 
]. Darkness ; want of light. 2. A state of retirement fi:om 
the world ; a state of being unnoticed ; privacy. 3. Dark- 
ness of meaning ; unintelligibleness. 4. Illegibleness. 5. 
A state of being unknown to fame ; humble condition. 

OB-SGuR'ER, 77. Whatever or whoever obscures. Lord. 

OB'SE-€RATE, v. t. [L. obsecro.] To beseech ; to entreat ; 
to supplicate ; to pray earnestly. Cockcram. 

OB-SE-€RA'TION, 71. 1. Entreaty ; supplication. 2. A figure 
of rhetoric, in whicli the orator implores the assistance of 
God or man. 

OB'SE-Q.UENT, a. [L. obsequens.] Obedient ; submissive 
to ; [little used.] Fctherby. 

OB^SE-CtUIES, n. plu. [Fr. ebseques.] Funeral rites and 
solemnities ; the last duties performed to a deceased per- 
son. [Milton uses the word in the singular, but the com- 
moii^ usage is different.] 

OB-Sf.'OUI-OUS, a. [L. ohsequium .] J. Promptly obedient 
or submissive to the will of another ; compliant ; yielding 
to the desires of others. 2. Servilely or meanly conde- 
scending ; compliant to excess. 3. Funereal; pertaining 
to funeral rites ; [ofts.] 

OB-Se'QJJLOUS-LY, ado. L With ready obedience ; witli 
prompt compliance. 2. With reverence for the dead ; [ 0 & 5 .] 

OB-SE'aUI-OUS-NESS, 7J. 1. Ready obedience ; prompt 
compliance witli the orders of a superior. 2. Servile sub- 
mission ; mean or excessive complaisance. 

tOB'SE-aUY, n. [L. ohsequium.] Funeral ceremony ; ob- 
sequiousness ; compliance. B. Jonson. 

t OB'SE-RATE, v. t. [L. obsero.] To lock up ; to shut in. 
Cockcram. 


* Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BlILL, UNITE. — G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete. 


DBS 


566 


OBT 


OB-SERV'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be observed or noticed. 
2. Worthy of observation or of particular notice 3 remark- 
able. 

OB-SERV'A-BLY, adv. In a manner worthy of note. 

OB-SERV'ANCE, 71. [Fr.] 1. The act of observing ; the 

act of keeping or adhering to in practice ; performance. 
2. Respect 3 ceremonial reverence in practice. 3. Per- 
formance of rites, religious ceremonies or external service. 
4. Rule of practice 3 thing to be observed. 5. Observation 3 
attention to 3 [little Jised.] 6. Obedient regard or atten- 
tion 3 [obs.] 

OB-SER-V’'AND'A, ??. plu. [L.] Things to be observed. 

OB-SERV'ANT, a. 1. Taking notice 3 attentively viewing 
or noticing. 2. Obedient 3 adhering to in practice. 3. 
Carefully attentive 5 submissive. 

OB-SERV'ANT, n. 1. A slavish attendant 3 [oJs.] Shak. 

2. A diligent observer. Hooker. 

OB-SER-Va'TION, 71. [\j. ohservatio.'] 1. The act of ob- 
serving or taking notice 3 the act of seeing or of fixing the 
mind on any thing. 2. Notion gained by observing 3 the 
efiect or result of seeing or taking cognizance in the mind. 

3. Observance 3 adherence to in practice 3 performance of 
what is prescribed. — 4. In 7 iavigation, the taking of the 
altitude of the sun or a star in order to find the latitude. 

OB-SER-Va'TOR, 71 . [Fr. observateur.] 1. One that ob- 
serves or takes notice. Hale. 2. A remarker. 

OB-SERV'A-TO-RY, n. [Fr. observatoire.'] A place or 
building for making observations on the heavenly 
bodies. 

OB-SERVE', (ob-zerv') v. t. [L. observe.] 1. To see or be- 
hold with some attention 5 to notice. 2. To take notice 
or cognizance of by the intellect. 3. To utter or express, 
as a remark, opinion or sentiment 3 to remark. 4. To 
keep religiously 3 to celebrate. 5. To keep or adhere to 
in practice 3 to comply with 3 to obey. 6. To practice. 

OB SERVE', (ob-zerv') v.i. 1. To remark. 2. To be at- 
tentive. 

OB-SERV'£D, (ob-zervd') pp. 1. Noticed by the ej^e or the 
mind. 2. Kept religiously 3 celebrated 3 practiced. 

OB-SERV'ER, ?f. 1. One who observes 5 one that takes no- 
tice 3 pa 7 ’ticularl 7 j, one who looks to with care, attention 
or vigilance. 2. A beholder 3 a looker on 3 a spectator. 
3. One who keeps any law, custom, regulation or rite 3 
one who adheres to any thing in practice 5 one who per- 
forms. 4. One who fiilfils or performs. 5. One who 
keeps religiously. 

OB-SERV'ING, ppr. 1. Taking notice by the eye or the in- 
tellect. 2. Remarking. 3. Keeping 3 adhering to in prac- 
tice 5 fulfilling. 4. a. Giving particular attention 5 habit- 
ually taking notice 3 attentive to what passes. 

OB-.SERV'ING-LY, adv. Attentively 3 carefully 3 with 
close observation. Shak. 

t OB-SESS', 7 \ t. [L. obsideo, obsessus.] To besiege. 

OB-SESS'ION, 71 . [L. oteessio.] The act of besieging 5 the 
first attack of Satan antecedent to possession. [Little used.] 

OB-SID'I-AN, 71 . A mineral. 

OB-StD'I-O-NAL, a. [L. obsidionalis .] Pertaining to a 
siege.. Brow 7 i. 

OB-SIG'NATE, v. t. [L. obsig 7 io.] To seal up 3 to ratify. 
[Little 7 ised.] Barroto. 

OB-SIG-Na'TION, n. The act of sealing 3 ratification by 
sealing 3 confirmation. Taylor. 

OB-SfG'NA-TO-RY, a. Ratifying 3 confirming by sealing. 

OB-SO-LES'CENT, a. [L. obsolesco.] Going out of use 3 
passing into desuetude. Campbell. 

* OB-SO-LeTE', a. [ 1 j. obsoletus.] 1. Gone into disuse 3 
disused 3 neglected. Dry den. — 2. In bota 7 iy, obscure 5 not 
very distinct. Eaton. 

OB-SO-Lii:TE'NESS, n. 1. The state of being neglected in 
use 3 a state of desuetude. — 2. In botany^ indistinctness. 

OB'STA-€LE, 71. [Fr.] That which opposes 3 any thing 
that stands in the way and hinders progress 3 hinderance 3 
obstruction. 

f OB'STAN-CY, V. [L. ohsta 7 itia.] Opposition 3 impedi- 
ment 3 obstruction. B. Jonson. 

OB-S3’ET'RlG, a. [I., ohstetrix.] Pertaining to midwifery, 
or the delivery of women in childbed. 

OB-STET'Rl-€ATE, t’. i. To perform the office of a mid- 
wife. [I.ittle MA’cd.] FA)eUjn. 

OB-STET'RI-OATE, v. t. To assist as a midwife. \L. m.] 

OB-STET-RI-Oa'TION, 7«. 1. The act of assisting as a mia- 
wife. 2. The office of a midwife. 

OB-STE-TRi"CIAN, v. One skilled in the art of assisting 
women in parturition. Med. Repos. 

OB-STET'RI€?^, n. The art of assisting women in parturi- 
tion 3 midwifery. FMcyc. 

OB'STI-NA-CY, n. [L. obstmatio.] 1. A firm and usually 
unreasonable adherence to an opinion, purpose or system 3 
a fixedness that will not yield to persuasion, arguments 
or other means 3 stubbornness 3 pertinacity 3 persistency. 
2. Fixedness that will not yield to application, or tliat 
yields with difficulty. 

OB'STf-NATE, a. [L. obstmatus .] 1. Stubborn 3 pertina- 

ciously adhering to an opinion or purpose 3 fixed firmly in 


resolution 3 not yielding to reason, arguments or other 
means. 2. Not yielding or not easily subdued or re- 
moved. 

OB'STI-NATE-LY, adv. Stubbornly 3 pertinaciously 3 with 
fixedness of purpose not to be shaken. 

OB'STI-NATE-NESS, n. Stubbornness 3 pertinacity in opin- 
ion or purpose 3 fixed determination. Hall. 

OB-STI-Pa'TION, n. [L. obstipo.] 1. The act of stopping 
up, as a passage. — 2. In medicine, costiveness. 

OB-STREP'ER-OUS, a. [L. obstreperus.] Loud 5 noisy 3 
clamorous 3 vociferous 3 making a tumultuous noise. 

OB-STREP'ER-OUS-LY, adv. Loudly 3 clamorously 5 with 
tumultuous noise. 

OB-STREP'ER-OUS-NESS, n. Loudness 3 clamor 3 noisy 
turbulence. 

OB-STRIC'TION, 71. [L. obstrictiLS .] Obligation 3 bond. 

OB-STRUOT', V. t. [L. obstruo.] 1. To block up; to stop 
up or close, as a way or passage 3 to fill with obstacles. 
2. To stop 3 to impede 3 to hinder in passing. 3. To re- 
tard 3 to interrupt ; to render slow. 

OB-STRU€T'ED, pp. 1. Blocked up ; stopped, as a passage. 
2. Hindered 3 impeded, as progress. 3. Retarded 3 inter- 
rupted. 

OB-STRUOT'ER, 7 t. One that obstructs or hinders. 

OB-STRU€T'ING, ppr. Blocking up 3 stopping 3 impeding 3 
interruDting. 

OB-STRU€'TION, n. [L. obstructio.] 1. The act of ob- 
structing. 2. Obstacle ; impediment 3 any thing that stops 
or closes a way or channel. 3. That which impedes pro- 
gress 3 hinderance. 4. A heap 3 [not proper.] Shale. 

OB-STRUOT'IV'^E, a. [Fr. obstrtictif.] Presenting obstacles 3 
hindering ; causing impediment. Hammo 7 id. 

OB-STRUOT'IVE, 7<. Obstacle 3 impediment 3 [little used.] 

OB'STRU-ENT, a. [L. obstr 7 iens.] Blocking up 3 hindering. 

OB'STRU-ENT, n. Any thing that obstructs the natural 
passages in the body. Qumey. 

OB-STG-PE-FA€'TION, 71. [L. obsttipefacio.] The act of 
making stupid or insensible. See Stupefaction. 

OB-STU-PE-FA€'TIVE, a. [L. obstupefacio.] Stupefying 3 
rendering insensible, torpid or inert. See Stupefacti ve. 

f OB-STu'PI-FY, V. t. To render stupid. Annot. on Olan- 
vifle. 

OB-TaIN', V. t. [L. obtmeo.] 1. To get 3 to gain 3 to pro- 
cure 3 to gain possession of a thing 3 to acquire. This 
word usually implies exertion to get possession, and in 
this it differs from receive, which may or may not imply 
exertion. It differs from acquire, as genus from species 3 
acquire being properly applied only to things permanently 
possessed ; but obtam is applied both to things of tempora- 
ry and of permanent possession. 2. To keep 3 to hold. 

OB-TaIN', V. i. 1. To be received in customary or common 
use 3 to continue in use ; to be established in practice. 2. 
To be established 3 to subsist in nature. 3. To prevail 3 to 
succeed ; [little used.] Baco 7 i. 

OB-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be obtained 3 that may be 
procured or gained. Arbuthnot. 

OB-TaIN'ED, (ob-taiid') pp. Gained 3 procured 3 acquired. 

OB-TaIN'ER, 71. One who obtains. 

OB-TaIN'ING, ppr. Gaining 3 procuring 3 acquiring. 

OB-TaIN'MENT, n. The act of obtaining. Milton. 

t OB-TEM'PER-ATE, V. t. [L. obtempero.] To obey. Diet. 

OB-TEND', V. t. [L. obtendo.] 1 . To oppose ; to hold out 
in opposition. 2. To pretend 3 to offer as the reason of 
anv thing ; [oZ»j?.] 

OB-TEN-E-BRa'TION, 71. [L. ob and tenebree.] A darken- 
ing 3 act of darkening ; darkness 3 [little used.] Bacon. 

tOB-TEN'SION, 71 . The act of obtending. 

OB-TEST', V. t. [L. obtestor.] To beseech 3 to supplicate. 

OB-TEST', 71 . i. To protest. Waterhouse. 

OB-TES-Ta'TTON, 71 . 1. Supplication 3 entreaty. Elyot. 
2. Solemn injunction. Hall. 

OB-TEST'ING, ppr. Beseeching 3 supplicating. 

0 B-TRE€-Ta'T 10N, n. [L. obtrectatio.] Slander ; detrac- 
tion 3 calumny ; [little Barroio. 

OB-TRuDE', V. t. [L. obtrudot] 1. To thrust in or on 3 t») 
throw, crowd or thrust into any place. 2. To offer with 
unreasonable imiiortunity ; to urge upon against the will. 
— To obtrude one’s self, to enter a place where one is not 
desired ; to thrust one’s self in uninvited, or against the 
I will of the company. 

OB-TRuDE', v.i. 1. To enter when not invited. 2. To 
thrust or be thrust upon. 

OB-TRuD'ED, pp. Thrust in by force or unsolicited. 

OB-TRuD'ER, 71 . One who obtrudes. Bo 7 jle. 

OB-TRuD'ING, ppr. Thrusting in or on ; entering unin- 
vited. 

0B-TRUN'€ATE, V. t. [Ti. obtrunco.] To deprive of a limb ; 
to lop 3 [little 7 ised.] Cockcram. 

OB-7 TUJN-€a'TION, 71. The act of cutting off. [L. 

OB-TRu'SION, 7?. [L. obtr 7 ido.] The act of obtruding ; a 
thrusting upon others by force or unsolicited. 

OB-TRu'SIVE, a. Disposed to obtrude any thing upon oth- 
ers 3 inclined to intrude or thrust one’s self among others, 
or to enter uninvited. 


* Sec Synopsis, a, E, I, o, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


occ 


5C7 OCT 


OB'TRU'SIVE-LY, adv. By way of obtrusion or thrusting 
upon others, or entering unsolicited. 

OB-TUi\U', V. t. [L. obtando.'] To dull ; to blunt ; to quell j 
to deaden j to reduce the edge, pungency or violent action 
of any thing. 

0B-TU-Ka'T10N, n. [L. obturatus.] The act of stopping by 
spreading over or covering. 

OB TU-RA-TOR, n. In anatomy, the obturators are muscles 
whicJi rise from the outer and inner side of the pelvis 
around the foramen thyroideum, and are rotators of the 
thigh. IVistar. 

OB-TOS-ANG'LT-LAR, a. {obtuse and angular.'] Having 
angles that are obtuse, or larger than right angles. 

OB-TuSE', a. [L. obtusus.] 1. Blunt ; not pointed or acute. 
Applied to angles, it denotes one that is larger than a right 
angle. 2. Dull ; not having acute sensibility. 3. Not 
sharp or shrill ; dull j obscure. 

OB-TucE'LY, adv. 1. Without a sharp point. 2. Dully 
stupidly. 

OB-TuSE'NESS, n. 1. Bluntness. 2. Dullness ; want of 
quicjc sensibility. 3. Dullness of sound. 

OB-Tu'SION, n. 1. The act of making blunt. 2. The state 
of being dulled or blunted. 

OB-UM'BRATE, v. t. [L. obumbro.] To shade j to darken ; 
to cloud 5 [little used.] Howell. 

OB-UM-BR action, n. The act of darkening. 

I OB-VEN'TION, ?r. [Ij. obvenio.] Something occasional j 
that which happens not regularly, but incidentally. 

t OB-VERS'ANT, a. [L. obversans.] Conversant ; familiar. 

OB-VERSE', (ob-vers') a. In botany, having the base nar- 
rower than tlie top, as a leaf. 

OB' VERSE, n. The face of a coin ; opposed to reverse. 

OB-VERT', V. t. [L. obverto.] To turn towards. 

OB-VERT'ED, pp. Turned towards. 

OB-VERT'IJXG, ppr. Turning towards. 

OB'VI-ATE, V. t. [Fr. obvier.] Properly, to meet in the 
way ; to oppose ; hence, in present usage, to remove, as 
difficulties or objections. 

OB'VI-A-TED, pp. Removed, as objections or difficulties. 

OBAT-A-TING, ppr. Removing, as objections in reasoning 
or planning. 

OB'VI-OUS, a. [L. 1. Meeting; opposed in front; 

2. Open ; exposed ; [/. u.] 3. Plain ; evident ; 

easily discovered, seen or understood ; readily perceived 
by the eye or the intellect. 

OB'VI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Evidently ; plainly; apparently; 
manifestly. 2. Naturally. 3. Easily to be found. 

OB' VT-OUS-NESS, n. State of being plain or evident to the 
eye or the mind. Boyle. 

OB'V^O-LUTE, ) a. [L. ohvolutus.] In botany, obvolute 

OB'VO-LU-TED, \ foliation is when the margins of the 
leaves alternately embrace the straight margin of the op- 
posite leaf. 

OC-Ca'SION, n. [L. occasio.] J. Properly, a falling, hap- 
pening or coming to ; an occurrence, casualty, incident. 
2. Opportunity ; convenience ; favorable time, season or 
circumstances. 3. Accidental cause ; incident, event or 
fact giving rise to something else. 4. Incidental need ; 
casual exigency ; opportunity accompanied with need or 
demand. 

OG-CA'SION, r. t. [Fr. occ asionner.] 1. To cause inciden- 
tally ; to cause ; to produce. 2. To influence ; to cause. 

OG-€a'SION-A-BLE, a. That may be caused or occasioned. 
[Little used.] Barroic. 

OG-Ga'SION-AL, a. [Fr. occasionnel.] I. Incidental ; cas- 
ual ; occurring at times, but not regular or systematic ; 
made or happening as opportunity requires or admits. 2. 
Produced by accident. 3. Produced or made on some 
special event. 

0€-€a SION-AL-LY, adv. According to incidental exi- 
gence ; at times, as convenience requires or opportunity 
offers ; not regularly. 

O€-Ga'SI0NED, pp. Caused incidentally ; caused ; pro- 
duced. 

Oe-CA'iSION-ER, n. One that causes or produces, either 
incidentally or otherwise. 

OC-GA^SION-ING, ppr. Causing incidentally or otherwise. 

OC-CA'SIVE, a. Falling ; descending ; western ; pertain- 
ing to the setting sun. Encyc. 

OC-C]!l-GA'T^OxN’, n. [L. occwcativ.] The act of making 
blind. [TAtfle used.] iSanderson. 

OC'CT-DExVT, n. [L. occidens.] The west ; the western 
quarter of the hemisphere ; so called from the decline or 
fall of the sun. 

OC-CI-DENTh\L, a. [L. occidental is.] Western ; opposed 
to oriental ; pertaining to the western quarter of the hein- 
isjdiere. Howell. 

OG-(Ml)'U-OUy, a. [L. occiduus.] Western. [Little ^tsed.] 

OC4ffP'I-TAL, a. [L. occ'qmt.] Pertaining to the back part 
of the head, or to the occiput. 

OC'Cl-PUT, n. [L.] The hinder part of the head, or that 
part of the skull which forms the hind part of the head. 

jOC-CiS'ION, n. [L. occisio.] A killing; tlie act of kill- 
ing. 


OC-CLuDE', V. t. [L. occludo.] To shut up ; to close 
[Little used.] 

OC-CEuSE',a. [L. occZio 5-M6'.] Shut; closed. [L.u.] Holder. 
OC-CLu'SION, n. [L. occZM*'io.] A shutting up; a closing. 
OC-CULT', a. [L. occw.Z£jt6’.J Hidden from the eye or un- 
derstanding ; invisible ; secret ; unknown ; undiscovered ; 
undetected. 

OC-CCL-TA'TION, n. [L. occultatio.] 1. Abiding; also, 
the time a star or planet is hid from our sight, when 
eclipsed by the interposition of the body of a planet, — 2. In 
astronomy, the hiding of a star or planet from our sight, 
by passing behind some other of the heavenly bodies. 
fOC-CCLT'ED, a. Hid ; secret. Shak. 

0€-€ULT'NESS, n. 'I’he state of being concealed from 
view ; secretness. 

OC'CU-PAN-CY, n. [L. occupo.] 1. The act of taking pos- 
session. — 2. In law, the taking possession of a thing not 
belonging to any person. 

OC'CU-PANT, 71. ] . He that occupies or takes possession ; 
he that has possession. — 2. In law, one that first takes 
possession of that which has no legal owner. 
fOC'CU-PATE, v.t. [L. occupo.] To hold ; to possess ; to 
take up. Bacon. 

OC-CU-PA TION, 77. [L. occupatio.] 1. The act of taking 
possession. 2. Possession ; a holding or keeping ; tenure; 
use. 3. That w'hich engages the time and attention ; em- 
ployment ; business. 4. The principal business of one’s- 
life ; vocation ; calling ; trade ; the business which a man 
follows to procure a living or obtain wealth. 

0€'GU-PI-ER, 77. 3. One that occupies or takes possession. 

2. One wdio holds possession. 3. One who follows an 
employment. 

Oe'eO-PY, V. t. [L. occupo.] 1. To take possession. 2. To 
keep in possession ; to possess ; to hold or keep for use. 

3. To take up ; to possess ; to cover or fill. 4. To em- 
ploy ; to use. 5. To employ ; to busy one’s self. 6. To 
follow', as business. 7. To use ; to expend ; [e&s.] 

OG'GU-Py, V. i. To follow business ; to negotiate. Luke xix. 
OC'GLJ-PY-ING, ppr. Taking or keeping possession ; em- 
ploying. 

OC-GUR', v.i. [~L. occurro.] 1. Pr imarily, to \r\eet •, to strike 
against ; to clash ; [oZ>5.] 2. To meet or come to the 
mind ; to be presented to the mind, imagination or memo- 
ry. 3. To appear ; to meet the eye ; to be found here 
and there. 4. To oppose ; to obviate ; [o&s.] 
OG-GUR'RENCE, n. [Fr.] 1. Any incident or accidental 
event ; that which happens without being designed or ex- 
pected ; any single event. 2. Occasional presentation, 
t OG-GUR'RENT, n. Incident ; any thing that happens, 
t OG'GURSE, 77. [L. occursus.] Meeting. Burton. 
OG-GUR'SIOx'i, 77. [L. occursio.] A meeting of bodies ; a 
_ clash. Boyle. 

O'CEAN, (o'shun) n. [L. occanus ; Fr. ocean.] I. The vast 
body of water which covers more than three fifths of the 
smface of the globe, called also the sea, or great sea. 2. 
An immense expanse. 

O'CEAN, (o'shun) a. Pertaining to the main or great sea. 
O-CE-AN'IG, (o-she-an'ik) a. Pertaining to the ocean. 
O'CEE-LA-TED, a. [L. ocellatus.] 1. Resembling an eye. 

2. Formed with the figures of little eyes. 

O'CE-LOT, 77. The Mexican panther. 

OGH'I-MY, 77. A mixed base metal. Todd. 
OGH-LOG'Rx\-CY, n. [Gr. oxXoTcparta.] A form of govern- 
ment in wliich the multitude or common people rule. 
O'GHRE, I 77 . [Fr. ocre ; L. oc/ira ; Gr. w)(^pa.] A variety of 
O'GHER, ) clay deeply colored by the oxyd of iron. 
O'GIIRE-OUS, a. 1. Consisting of ochre. 2. Resembling 
ochre. 

t O'GHRE Y, a. Partaking of ochre. Woodward. 

OGH RO-ITS, 77. Cerite. 

O'GRA, 77 . A viscous vegetable substance. 

OG'TA-GHORD, n. An instrument or system of eight 
sounds. Busby. 

OG'TA-GON, 77. [Gr. oktoj and ywvia.] 1. In geometry, a 
figure of eight sides and eight angles. — 2. In fortijicat 'ion, 
a place with eight bastions. 

OG-TAG O-NAL, a. Having eight sides and eight angles. 
OG-TA-IIe'DRAL, a. Having eight equal sides. 
OG-TA-He'DRITE, 77. PyramidicQl ere of titanium. 
OG-TA-He'DRON, 77. [Gr. oktw and £<5pa.] In geometry, a 
solid contained by eight equal and equilateral triangles. 
OG-TAN'DER, n. [Gr. oktio a.nd avyg.] In botany, a plant 
having eight stamens. 

OG-TAN'DRI-AN, a. Having eight stamens. 
OG-TAN'GU-LAR, a. [L. octo and angular.] Having eight 
angles. 

OG-TAN'GU-LAR-NESS, n. The quality of having eight 
angles. 

OG'TA-TEDGH, 77 . [Gr. oktw and revxos.] A name for the 
eight first books of the Old Testament. Diet. 

OG'TANT, 77 . [L. oc£7777s.] In astronomy, that aspect of tw'O 
planets, in which they are_^ distant from each other the 
eighth part of a circle, or 45°. 


* See Synojysis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE Bi;JLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; 15 as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


ODO 


568 


OFF 


OC'TAV^E, a. Denoting eight. Drxjdan. 

0€'TAVE, n. [Fr. ; L. octavus.^ 1. The eighth day after a 
festival. 2. Eight days together after a festival. — 3. In 
music, an eighth, or an inteWal of seven degrees or twelve 
semitones. 

OG-Ta'VO, n. [L. octavxis.] A book in which a sheet is 
folded into eight leaves. The word is used as a ximm or 
an adjective. 

0€-TEiV'NI-AL, a. [L. octo and 1. Happening ev- 

ery eighth year. 2. Lasting eight years. 

OC'TIJjE, 11 . The sajne as octant. 

0€-To'BER, n. [L., from octo, eighth; the eighth month of 
the primitive Roman year.] The tenth month of the year 
in our calendar. 

OC-TO-DECT-iMAL, a. [L. octo and decern.] In crystalog- 
rapliy, designating a crystal whose prisms, or the middle 
part, has eight faces, and the two summits together ten 
faces. 

0€-T0-DEN'TATE, a. Having eight teeth. 

0€'T0-FID, a. [L. octo and Jiiido.] In botany, cleft or sep- 
arated into eight segments ; as a calyx. 

0€-T0-GE-Na'RI-AN, n. One who is eighty years of age. 

''' OC'TO-CrE-NA-RY, a. [L. octogenarius.] Of eighty years 
of age. 

* OG'TO-OE-NA -RY, n. A person eighty years of age. J. 
Adams. 

OG-TOG'O-NATi. The same as octagonal. 

OG-TO-LO€'tj-LAR, a. [L. octo locus.] In botany, hay- 
ing eight cells for seeds. 

OG'TO-NA-RY, a. [L. octoiiarius.] Belonging to the num- 
ber eight. 

OG-TO-NOG'U-LAR, a. [h^octo and oculus.] Having eight 
eyes. Derhain. 

OG-TO-PET^A-LOUS, a. [Gr. oktco and ireTaXov.] Having 
eight petals or flower-leaves. Diet. 

OG-TO-Ra'DI-A-TED, a. [L. octo and radius.] Having 
eight rays. 

OG-TO-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. okto) and cneppa.] Contain- 
ing eight seeds. 

OG'TO-STyLE, n. [Gr. okt(o and orrvXo?.] In ancient archi- 
tecture, the face of an edifice adorned with eight columns, 
or a range of eight columns. 

OG-TO-SYL'LA-BLE, a. [L. octo and syllaha.] Consisting 
of eight syllables. 

OG-'TU-PLE, a. [L. octnplus.] Eight-fold. Diet. 

OG'U-LAR, a. [Fr. oculaire ; L. ocularius.] Depending on 
the eye ; known by the eye ; received by actual sight. 

OG'U-LAR-LY, adv. By the eye, sight or actual view. 

OG'U-LATE, a. [L. oculatus.] Furnished with eyes ; 
knowing by the eye. Johnson. 

OGL^-LI-FORM, a. [L. oculus and forma.] In the form of 
an eye ; resembling the eye in form. 

OG'U-LIST, n. [L. oculus.] One skilled in diseases of the 
eyes, or one who professes to cure them. 

OG'U-LUS BELL A semi-pellucid gem, a variety of agate. — 
Oculus cati, cat’s eye or asteria, a beautiful gem. 

ODD, a. [Sw. udda.] 1. Not even ; not divisible into equal 
numbers ; as, three, five, &c. 2. Left or remaining after 
the union, estimate or use of even numbers ; or remain- 
ing after round numbers or any number specified. 3. 
Singular; extraordinary; differing from what is usual; 
strange. 4. Not noted ; unheeded ; not taken into the 
common account. 5. Uncommon ; particular. 6. Un- 
common ; in appearance improper. 7. Separate from that 
Avhich is regularly occupied ; remaining unemployed. 

ODD'I-TY, n. 1. Singularity; strangeness. 2. A singular 
person ; in colloquial language. 

ODD'LY, adv. 1. Not evenly; [1. u.] 2. Strangely; un- 
usually ; irregularly ; singularly ; uncouthly. 

ODD'NESS, n. 1. The state of being not even. 2. Singu- 
larity ; strangeness; particularity; irregularity; uncouth- 
ness. 

ODDS, n. [It is used both in the singul.ar and plural.] 1. 
Inequality ; excess of either compared with the other ; 
difference in favor of one and against another. 2. Ad- 
vantage; superiority. 3. auarrel ; dispute; debate.— 
is odds, more likely than the contrary. South.— At odds, 
in dispute ; at variance ; in controversy or quarrel. Sicift. 

ODE, n. [L. ode.] A short poem or song ; a poetical compo- 
sition proper to be set to music or sung ; a lyric poem. 

tO'DI-BIjE, a. [L. odi.] Hateful. Bale. 

* o'Dl-OUS, a. [L. odiosus.] 1. Hateful ; deserving hatred. 
2. Offensive to the senses ; disgusting. 3. Causing hate ; 
invidious. 4. Exposed to hatred. 

* fyDI-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Hatefully ; in a manner to deserve 
or excite hatred. 2. Invidiously ; sons to cause hate. 
O'DI-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Hatefulness; the quality that de- 
serves or may' excite hatred. 2. The state of being hated. 
O'DI-UM, 77. [L.] 1. Hatred ; dislike. 2. The quality that 
provokes hatred ; offensiveness. Dryden. 

OD-ON-TAL'GIG, a. [Gr. oSovg and aXyoc.] Pertaining to 
the tooth-ache. 

OD-ON-TAL'GIG, n. A remedy for the tooth-ache. 


OD-ON-TAL'GY, n. Tooth-ache. 

O'DOR, ?i. [L.] Smell ; scent ; fragrance; a sweet or an 
offensive smell ; perfume. Addison. 

O'DOR- A-MENT, n. [L. odoramentum.] A perfume; a 
_ strong scent. Burton. 

O'DO-RATE, a. [L. odoratus.] Scented; having a strong 
_ scent, fetid or fragrant. Bacon. 

O'DO-RA-TING, a. Diffusing odor or scent ; fragrant. 
O-DO-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. odoriferus.] 1. Giving scent ; 
diffusing fragrance ; fragrant ; perfumed ; usually, sweet 
of scent. 2. Bearing scent. 

O-DO-RIF'ER-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of diffusing 
_ scent ; fragrance ; sweetness of scent. 

O'DOR-OUS, a. Sweet of scent ; fragrant. Waller. 
O'DOR-OUS-NESS, n. fragrance ; the (jiiality of diffusing 
scent, or of exciting the sensation of smell. 
CE-GO-NOMT-GAL, (E-GONO-MY, CE-DEM'A-TOUS, 
CE-SOPH'A-GU.S. See Economical, Economy, Edem- 
atous, Esophagus. 

OE-IL'IAD, (e-il'yad) n. [Fr. aillade.] A glance ; a wink. 
Shale. 

O’ER, contracted from over, which see. 

OF, (ov) prep. [Sax. of; G. ab ; Sw., Icel., Dan., D. af.] 
From or out of ; proceeding from cause, source, means, 
author or agent bestowing. This preposition has one pri- 
mary sense, /7'0777, departing, issuing, proceeding /ro7?7, or 
out of, and a derivative sense denotiiig possession ox prop- 
erty. Its primary sense is retained in off, the same word 
differently written for distinction. But this sense is ap- 
propriately lost in many of its applications. 

OFF, a. Most distant ; as the offhoxse in a team. 

OFF, adv. 1. From, noting distance. 2. From, with the 
action of removing or separating ; as, to fly off. 3. From, 
noting separation. 4. From, noting departure, abate- 
ment, remission or a leaving. — 5. In painting, it denotes 
projection or relief. 6. From ; away ; not towards. 7. 
On the opposite side of a question. — Off' hand, without 
study or preparation . — Off and on, at one time applying 
and engaged, then absent or remiss. — To be off, in collo- 
quial language, to depart or to recede from an agreement or 
design. — To come off, to escape, or to fare in the event. — 
To get off. 1. To alight ; to come down. 2. To make 
escape. — To go off. 1. To depart; to desert. 2. To take 
fire ; to be discharged ; as a gun. — Well off, ill off, badly 
off', having good or ill success. 

OFF,;?rc 2 ?. 1. Not on. 2. Distant from. 

OFF, as an exclamation, is a command to depart, either 
with or without contempt or abhorrence. 

OFTAL, 77. [D. fl/uaU] 1. Waste meat; the parts of an 
animal butchered which are unfit for use or rejected. 2. 
Carrion ; coarse meat. 3. Refuse ; that which is thrown 
away as of no value, or fit only for beasts. 4. Any thing 
of no value ; rubbish. 

OF-FEND', v. t. [L. offendo.] 1. To attack ; to assail ; 
[o 75.] 2. To displease ; to make angry ; to affront. It 
expresses rather less than mahe angry, and, without any 
modifying word, it is nearly synonymous with displease. 
3. To shock ; to wound. 4. To pain ; to annoy ; to in- 
jure. 5. To transgress ; to violate. 6. To disturb, annoy, 
or cause to full or;stumble. 7. To draw to evil, or hinder 
in obedience ; to cause to sin or neglect duty. Mat. v. 
OF-FEND', V. i. 1. To transgress the moral or divine law; 
to sin ; to commit a crime. 2. To cause dislike or anger. 
3. To be scandalized. 

OF-FEND'ED, pp. Dis])leased. 

OF-FEND'ER, n. One that oftends ; one that violates any 
law, divine or human ; a criminal ; a trespasser ; a trans- 
gressor ; one that does an injury. 

OF-FEND'ING, /jpr. Displeasing; making angry ; causing 
to stumble ; committing sin. 

OF-FflND'RESS, n. A female that oflends. Shak. 
OF-FENSE', (of- fens') r?. [L. q^c7?s?75.] 1. Displeasure ; an- 
ger, or moderate anger. 2. l?candal ; cause of stumbling. 
3. Any transgression of law, divine or human ; a crime ; 
sin ; act of wickedness or omission of duty. 4. An inju- 
ry. 5. Attack ; assault. 6. Impediment. Matt. xvi. 
t OF-FENSE'FUL, (of-fens'ful) a. Giving displeasure ; in- 
jurious. 

OF-FENSE'LESS, (of-fensles) a. Unoffending; innocent; 
inoffensive. Milton. 

tOF-FENS'I-BLE, 77. Hurtful. Cotgrave. 

OF-FENS'IVE, a. [Fr. offensif.] 1. Causing displeasure or 
some degree of anger ; displeasing. 2. Disgusting ; giv- 
ing pain or unpleasant sensations ; disagreeable. 3. In- 
jurious. 5. Assailant ; invading ; used in attack ; mak- 
ing the first attack ; opposed to defensive. A league of- 
fensive and defensive is one that requires both or all 
parties to make war together against a nation, and each 
party to defend the other in case of being attacked. 
OF-FENS'IVE, 77. The part of attacking. 
OF-FENS'IVE-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to give displeasure. 
2. Injuriously ; mischievously. 3. By way of invasion 
or first attack. 4. Unpleasantly to the senses. 

I OF-FENS'IVE-NESS, 77 . 1. The quality that oftends or 


* See Synopsis, a, e, T, O, V, Y, ^77770-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


OFF 


5G9 OLD 


displeases 2. Injuriousness 5 mischief. 3. Cause of dis- 
gust. 

OF'FER, V. t. [L. offei'o.'] 1. Literally^ to bring to or before j 
hence, to present for acceptance or rejection. 2. To pre- 
sent in words ; to proffer ; to make a proposal to. 3. To 
present, as an act of worship j to immolate 5 to sacrifice ; 
often with uy. 4. To present in prayer or devotion. 5. 
To bid, as a price, reward or wages. 6. To present to 
the view or to the mind. — To offer violence, to assault j 
to attack or commence attack. 

OF'FER, V. i. 1. To present itself; to be at hand. 2. To 
present verbally ; to declare a willingness. 3. To make 
an attempt ; [065.] 

OF'FER, n. [Fr. offrc.'] 1. A proposal to be accepted or re- 
jected ; presentation to choice. 2. First advance. 3. The 
act of bidding a price, or the sum bid. 4. Attempt; en- 
deavor; essay; [iiearUj o&s.] 

OF*FER-A-BLE, a. That may be offered. Mounta^iL. 

OF FERED, pp. Presented for acceptance or rejection ; pre- 
sented in worship or devotion ; immolated ; bid ; present- 
ed to tlie eye or the mind. 

OF'FER-ER, n. One that offers ; one that sacrifices or 
dedicates in worship. Hooker, 

OFTER-INO, ppr. Presenting ; proposing ; sacrificing ; 
bidding ; presenting to the eye or mind. 

OF'FER-ING, n. That which is presented in divine serv- 
ice ; a sacrifice ; an oblation. 

OF'FER-TO-RY, n. [Fr. offertoirc.] 1. The act of offering, or 
the thing offered ; [Lu.] Bacon. 2. or?/ was properly 
an anthem chanted, or a voluntary i)layed on the organ, 
during the offering and a part of the mass, in the Catholic 
church ; but, since the reformation, it denotes certain sen- 
tences in the communion-oflice, read while the alms are 
collecting. 2. Anciently, the linen on whicii the ofiering 
was laid. 

t OF'FER-TURE, ??. Offer; proposal. K. Charles, 

OF'FICE, n. [Fr., L. officium.'] 1. A particular duty, charge 
or trust conferred by public authority, and for a public 
purpose ; an employment undertaken by commission or 
authority from government or those who administer it. 

2. A duty, charge or trust of a sacred nature, conferred by 
God himself. 3. Duty or employment of a private nature. 
4. That which is performed, intended or assigned to be 
done by a particular thing, or that which any thing is fit- 
ted to perform. 5. Business ; particular employment. 6. 
Act of good or ill voluntarily tendered ; usually in a good 
sense. 7. Act of worship. 8. Formulary of devotion. 
9. A house or apartment in which public officers and 
others transact business. — 10. In architecture, an apart- 
ment appropriated for the necessary business or occasions 
of a palace or nobleman’s house. — 11. In the canon law, 
a benefice which has no jurisdiction annexed to it. 12. 
The person or persons intrusted with particular duties of 
a public nature. 

fOF'FlCE, V. t. To perform ; to do ; to discharge. Shak. 

OF'Fl-CER, n. A person commissioned or authorized to 
perform any public duty. 

OF'FI-CER, V. t. To furnish with officers ; to appoint offi- 
cers over. Marshall. 

OF'FI-CERED, pp. Furnished with officei's. Addison. 

OF-Fi''ClAL, a. [Fr. officiel.'] 1. Pertaining to an office or 
public trust. 2. Derived from the proper office or officer, 
or from the proper authority ; made or communicated by 
virtue of authority. 3. Conducive by virtue of appropri- 
ate powers. 

OF-FF'CIAL, n. An ecclesiastical judge appointed by a 
bishop, chapter, archdeacon, &c., with charge of the spir- 
itual jurisdiction. 

OF-FI''CI AL-LY, adv. By the proper officer ; by virtue of 
the proper authority ; in pursuance of the special powers 
vested. 

OF-Fi"C[AL-TY, n. The charge or office of an official. 

OF-Fi"CIATE, V. i. 1. To act, as an officer in his office ; 
to transact the appropriate business of an office or public 
trust. 2. To perform the appropriate official duties of an- 
other. 

OF-FI"CIATE, V. t. To give in consequence of office. 

OF-FI"CIA-TING, ppr. I’erforming the appropriate duties 
of an office ; performing the office of another. 

OF-FICT-NAL, a. [Fr. ; L. ojjicina.] Used in a shop, or be- 
longing to it. Encijc. 

OF-FI 'C.IOUS, a. [L. officiosus.] 1. Kind ; obliging ; doing 
kind offices. 2. Excessively forward in kindness ; im- 
portunately interposing services. 3. Busy ; intermed- 
dling in affairs in which one has no concern. 

OF-FI'CIOUS-LY, acZy. 1. Kindly; with solicitous care. 

2. With importunate or excessive forwardness. Dryden. 

3. In a busy, meddling manner. 

OF-FF'ClOUS-NESS, n. 1. Eagerness to serve ; usually, 

an excess of zeal to serve others, or improper forwardness. 
2. f'crvice ; \littlc used.'\ Brown. 

OFF'IXG, n. [from q/f.] That part of tlie sea wliich is at a 
good distance from the shore. 

OFF^SCODR-ING, n. [q^'and scour.] That which is scour- 


ed off; hence, refuse; rejected matter; that which is vile 
or despised. 

OFF'SGUM, a. [o#and scam.] Refuse ; vile. Tran, of Boc. 
OFF'SET, n. \_off and set.] 1. A shoot ; a sprout from the 
roots of a plant. Locke . — 2. In surveying, a perpendicular 
let fall from the stationary lines to the hedge, fence or ex- 
tremity of an inclosure. — 3. In accounts, a sum, account 
or value set off against another sum or account, as an 
equivalent. O. Wolcott. [This is also written set-off.] 
OFF'SET, V. t. To set one account against another ; to 
make the account of one party pay the demand of an- 
other. Judge Seicall. 

OFF'SPRING, 71. [q/fand spring.] 1. A child or children ; 
a descendant or descendants. 2. Propagation ; genera- 
tion. 3. Production of any kind. 

OF-FGS'€ATE, 0F-FUS-€A'T10N. See Obfuscate, Ob- 
fuscation. 

OFF'WARD, adv. Leaning off, as a ship on shore. 

OFT, adv. [Sax. oft.] Often ; frequently ; not rarely. Pope. 
OFT'EN, (of'n) adv.’, comp, oftener ; superl. oftenCi\, 
[Sax. oft.] Frequently ; many times ; not seldom. 
OFT'EN, (ofhi) a. Frequent. \^Improper.] 
fOFT'EN-NESS, (of n-nes) n. Frequency. Hooker. 
OFT'EN-TIMES, (of'n-tlmz) adv. Soften and times.] Fre- 
quency ; often ; many times. Hooker. 

OFT-TIMES, adv. Frequently ; often. Milton. 

OG. See Ogee. 

OG-DO-AS'TIGH, n. [Gr. oyhoo^ and cTi^og.] A poem of 
eight lines. [Little ?tserf.] Selden. 

0-GEE', n. [Fr. ogive, augive.] 1. In architecture, a mold- 
ing consisting of two members. — 2. In gunnery, an orna- 
mental molding. 

f OG-G A-NI"TION, n. [L. ohgamiio.] The murmuring of a 
dog ; a grumbling or snarling. 

O'GIl AM, n. A particular kind of stenography or writing in 
cipher practiced by the Irish. Astle. 
d'GiVE, (6'jiv) 71. In architecture, an arch or branch of the 
Gothic vault, whicli, passing diagonally from one angle to 
_ another, forms a cross with the other arches. 

O'GLE, V. t. [D. oog.] To view with side glances, as in 
fondness or with design to attract notice. JJryden. 
d'GLE, 71. A side glance or look. Addison. 

O'GLER,??. One that ogles. Addiso7i. 

O'GLING, ppr. Viewing with side glances. 
d'GLING, V. The act of viewing with side glances. 
oG'LI-0, (6'le-o). Now written olio, whicli see. 
eVGRE, I 71. [Fr. ogre.] An imaginary monster of tlie 
O'GRESS, \ East. Ar. Mights. 

d'GRESS, n. In heraldry, a cannon ball of a black color. 

OH, excla7n., denoting surprise, pain, sorrow or anxiety. 
OIL, 71. [Sax. al G. oel ; Fr. fniile i It. olio ; h. oleum.] 

An unctuous substance expressed or drawn from several 
animal and vegetable substances. 

OIL, V. t. To smear or rub over with oil ; to lubricate with 
oil ; to anoint with oil. Swift. 

OIL'-BAG, ?i. A bag, cyst or gland in animals containing 
oil. 

OIL'-€oL-OR, n. A color made by grinding a coloring sub- 
stance in oil. Boijle. 

OILED, pp. Smeared or anointed with oil. Huloet, 

OIL'ER, n. One who deals in oils and pickles. 

OIL'-GAS, 71. Inffammable gas procured from oil. 
OIL'I-NESS, 71. The quality of being oily ; imctuousness ; 

greasiness ; a quality approaching that of oil. 

OIL'ING, ppr. Smearing or anointing with oil. 

OIL'MAN, 71. One who deals in oils and pickles. 
OIL'-NUT, ??. The butternut of North America. Carver. 
OIL'-NUT, ) 71. A plant, a species of ricinus, the palma 
OIL'-TREE, ) Christi, or castor, from which is procured 
castor-oil. 

OTL'-SHOP, 71. A shop where oils and pickles are sold." 
OIL'Y, a. 1. Consisting of oil ; containing oil ; having the 
qualities of oil. Eaco7i. 2. Resembling oil ; as, an oily 
appearance. 3. Fatty ; creasy. 

OIL'Y-GRaIN, ??. A plant. 

OIL'Y-PALM, ??. A tree. Miller. 

OINT, V. t. [Fr. oindre, oint.] To anoint; to smear with an 
unctuous substance. Dryden. 

OINT'ED, pp. Anointed ; smeared with an oily or greasy 
matter. 

OINT'ING, ppr. Anointing. 

OINT'MENT, ??. Unguent; any soft, unctuous substance 
or compound, used for smearing, particularly the body or 
a diseased part. 

OIS'A-NITE, 71. Tyramidical ore of titanium. Ure. 

OKE, 71. An Egyptian and Turkish weight. 

O'KER. See Ochre. 

OLD, a. [Sax. cald ; G. nZt.] 1. Advanced far in years or 
life; having lived beyond the middle period, or rather to- 
wards the end of life, or towards the end of the ordinary 
term of living. 2. Having been long made or used ; decayed 
by time. 3. Being of long continuance ; begun long ago. 

4. Having been long made ; not new or fresh. 5. Being 
of a former j'^ear’s growth ; not of the last crop. 6. An- 


Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete 


OME 


570 


ON 


dent j that existed in former ages. 7. Of any duration 
whatever. 8. Subsisting before something else. 9. Long 
practiced. 10. That has been long cultivated. America. 
11. More than enough; great. — 12. In vulgar langtiage, 
crafty ; cunning. — Of old, long ago ; from ancient times. 
Dryden. 

OLD'EN, a. Old; ancient. \^Used in poetry.'] Shak. 

OLD-FASH'IONED, a. Formed according to obsolete fash- 

_ ion or custom. Addison. 

OLD'ISH, a. Somewhat old. Sherwood. 

OLD'NESS, n. 1. Old age; an advanced state of life or 
existence. 2. The state of being old, or of a long continu- 
ance. 3. Antiquity. 

t^oLD-SAID, a. Long since said ; reported of old. Spenser. 

OLD'-VVIFE, 71. 1. A contemptuous name for an old prat- 
ing woman. 1 Tm. iv. 2. A fish. 

O-LE-AO'I-NOUS, a. [L. oleaginus.] Having the qualities 
of oil ; oily ; unctuous. Arbuthnot. 

O-LE-AG'I-NOUS-NESS, n. Oiliness. Boyle. 

O-LE-AN'DEU, n. A plant of the genus nenum. 

O-LE-AS'TER, n. [L.] A plant ; the wild olive. 

O'LE-ATE, n. A compound of oleic acid with a salifiable 
base. Clievreul. 


O-LEF'I-AiVT, a. [L. oleo, olfacio.] Olefiant gas is a com- 

_ pound of one prime of carbon and one of hytfrogen. 

OTjE-IC, a. The oleic acid is obtained from a soap made by 
digesting hog’s lard in potash lye. 

0-LE-0-SAC'€HA-RUM, n. A mixture of oil and sugar. 

0^1 T'-O^E ) 

O'LE OU'^' I [J^ittle used.] Ray. 

OL-E-Ra'CEOUS, a. [L. oleraceus.] Pertaining to pot- 
herbs ; of the nature or qualities of herbs for cookery. 

OL-FAET', V. t. [L. olfacto.] To smell ; used in burlesque^ 
but not otherwise authorized. Tludibras. 

OL-FAGT'O-RY, a. [L. olfacio.] Pertaining to smelling; 
having the sense of smelling. Locke. 


OL-I-Ba'NUM, 
OL'1-BAN, 


n. [Ar.] A gum-resin. 


OL'ID, 

OI.'I-DOUS, 
0L-I-GAR€H'AL, 
OL-I-GARGH'I-GAL, 


a. [L. olidus.] Fetid ; having a strong, disa- 


greeable smell. \^Littlc used.] Boyle. 

a. Pertaining to oligarchy. Burke. 


OLT-GAR-GHY, ?i. [Gr. oXiyap^ia.] A form of govern- 
ment in which the supreme power is placed in a few 
hands ; a species of aristocracy. 

OL'I-GIST, ) a. [Gr. o\iyi(TTog.] so called, 

OL-I-GIST'IG, i is a crystalized tritoxyd of iron. 

O'LI-0, 77. [It.] 1. A mixture ; a medley. 2. A miscella- 

ny ; a collection of various pieces. 

OL'I-TO-RY, a. [L. olitor.] Belonging to a kitchen gar- 
den ; as, olitory seeds. Evelyn. 

OL-I-Va'GEOUS, a. [from L. oliva.] Of the color of the 
olive. Pennant. 

OL-I-VAS'TER, a. [Fr. olivdtre.] Of the color of the olive ; 
tawny. Bacon. 

OL'IVE, n. [L. oliva ; Fr. olive.] A plant or tree of the ge- 
nus olea^ which is much cultivated in the south of Europe 
for its fruit, from which is expressed the olive oil. The 
emblem of peace. 

OL'iVED, a. Decorated with olive-trees. Warton. 

OL'1-VE-NlTE, 71. An ore of copper. Ure. 

OL'IVE-YARD, n. An inclosure or piece of ground in 
which olives are cultivated. Ex. xxiii. 


OL'I-VIN, ) 71. A subspecies of prismatic chrysolite, of a 
OL'I-VINE, \ brownish-green. 

OL'LA, n. [Sp.] An olio. B. Jonson. 

O-LYM'PI-AD, 71. [L. Olympias ; Gr. 0\vpTitag.] A peri- 
od of four years reckoned from one celebration of the 
Olympic games to another ; and constituting an impor- 
tant epoch in history and chronology. 

0-LY3I'PE-AN, a. Pertaining to Olympus ; or to Olympia, 
a town in Greece. 


O-LYMTIG GAMES, or O-LYM'PTGS. Solemn games 
among the ancient Greeks, dedicated to Olympian Jupi- 
ter, and celebrated once in four years at Olympia. See 
Olympiad. 

OM'BRE, 1 71. [Fr.] A game at cards, usually played by 

OM'BER, i three persons. 

OM-BRO-'.PE-TER, n. [Gr. opfipog and perpov.] A machine 
or instrument to measure the quantity of rain that 

f:ill_S. 

O-Mk'GA, V. [Gr. great O.] Tlie name of the last letter of 
the Greek alphabet, as Alpha, A, is the first. Hence, in 
Scripture, Alpha and Omega denote the first and the last, 
tlie becrinning and the ending. Rev. 

OiMG'LET, (om'let) n. [Fr. omelette.] A kind of pancake or 
fritter made with eggs and other ingredients. 

6'MEX, n. [L. ewici?.] A sign or indication of some future 
event; a prognostic. 

O'MEXED, a. Containing an omen or prognostic. 

O-MENT'UM, 17. [L.] In n/iaZoi/??/, the caul or epiploon ; a 
membranaceous covering of the bowels. 

O'MFR, 71. [Heb.] A Hebrew measure containing ten baths. 


or seventy-five gallons and five pints of liquids, and eight 
bushels of things dry. 

t OM-I-LET'I-GAL, a. Mild ; humane ; friendly. Farindon. 

OM'f-NATE, V. t. [L. om'inor.] To presage ; to foreshow ; 
to foretoken. [Little used.] Decay of Piety. 

OMT-NATE, r, 1 . To foretoken. 

OM-I-Na'TION, 71. A foreboding ; a presaging; prognostic. 
[Little used.] Brown. 

OMT-NOUS, a. [L. ominosus.] 1. Foreboding or presaging 
evil ; indicating a future evil event ; inauspicious. 2. 
Foreshowing or exhibiting signs of good. 

OM'I-NOUS-LY, adv. With good or bad omens. 

OM'I-NOUS-NE>?S, n. The quality of being ominous. 

O-MIS'SI-BLE, a. [L. owiissws.] That may be omitted. 

O-MIS'SION, 71. [Fr. ; L. omissio.] 1. Jseglect or failure 
to do something which a person had power to do, or 
which duty required to be done. 2. A leaving out ; neg- 
lect or failure to insert or mention. 

O-MIS'SIV'^E, a. Leaving out. Stackhouse. 

O-MIT', V. t. [L. omitto.] 1. To leave, pass by or neglect ; 
to fail or forbear to do or to use. 2. To leave out ; not to 
insert or mention. 

I O-MIT'TANCE, n. Forbearance ; neglect. Shak. 

0-MIT'TED, pp. Neglected ; passed by ; left out. 

O-MIT'TING, ppr. Neglecting or failing to do or use ; pass- 
ing by ; leaving out. 

OM-NI-FA'EI-OUJr5, a. [Low L. omnif arias.] Of all varie- 
ties, forms or kinds. Bentley. 

OM-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [h. o7imifer.] All-bearing; producing 
all kinds. Diet. 

O.M-NIFTG, a. [L. omnis and facio.] All-creating. Milton. 

OMWI-FORM, a. [L. omnis and foi’ma.] Having every 
form or shape. Diet. 

OM-NI-FORM'I-TY, n. The quality of having every form. 
More. 

OM-NIG'E-NOU?, a. [L. omnigenus.] Consisting of all 
kinds. Diet. 

OM-NI-PART-TY, n. [L. omnis and par.] General equal- 
ity. White. 

OM-NI-PER-CIPT-ENCE, n. [L. omnis and percipiens.] 
Perception of every thing. More. 

OM-NI-PER-GIP'I-ENT, a. Perceiving every thing. 

OM-NIP'O-TENCE, ) n. [L. omnipotens.'] 1. Almighty 

OM-NIP'O-TEN-CY, I power ; unlimited or infinite pow- 
er ; a word in strictness applicable only to God. 2. Un- 
limited power over particular things. 

OM-NIP'O-TENT, a. 1. Almighty ; possessing unlimited 
power ; all-powerful. 2. Having unlimited power of a 
particular kind. 

OM-NIP'O-TENT, n. One of the appellations of the God- 
head. 

OM-NIP'0-TENT-LY, ado. With almighty power. Young. 

OM-NI-PRES'ENCE, n. [L. omnis and presens.] Presence 
in every place at the same time ; unbounded or universal 
presence ; ubiquity. 

OM-NI-PRES'ENT, a. Present in all places at the same 
time ; ubiquitary. 

OM-NI-PPiE-SEN'TIAL, a. Implying universal presence. 

OM-NIS'CIENCE, 1 n. [L. omnis and scientia.] The quali- 

OM-NtS'CIEN-CY, ^ ty of knowing all things at once ; 
universal knowledge; knowledge unbounded or infinite. 

OM-NIS'CIENT, (om-nish'ent) a. Having universal knowl- 
edge, or knowledge of all things ; infinitely knowing. 

f OM-^HS'CIOUS^, a. [L. omnis and scio.] All-knowing. 

OM'^fl-UM, 77. [L. 07117715.] The aggregate of certain por- 
tions of different stocks in the public funds. 

OM'NI-UM-p^ATIPER-UM, n. A cant term for a miscella- 
neous collection of things or persons. Sclden. 

OM-NIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. omnivorus.] All-devouring; eat- 
ing every thing indiscriminately. Burke. 

OM'O-PLATE, 71. [Gr. wpog and TrXarof.] The shoulder- 
blade or scapula. 

OMTHA-CINE, a. [Gr. opipaKivog.] Pertaining to or ex- 
pressed from unripe fruit. 

OM'PHA-CITE, 71. A mineral of a pale leek-green color. 

OMTHA-LIG, a. [Gr. op(pa\og.] Pertaining to the navel. 

OM-PHAL^O-CELE, n. [Gr. opepaXog and xi^Xi/.] A rupture 
at the navel. Coze. 

0?»I'PfI A-LOP-TER, ) 71. [Gr. op0aXo? and onriKog.] An op- 

OM-PHA-LOP'TIG, | tical glass that is convex on both 
sides; commonly called a convex lens. 

OXI-PHA-LOT/O-MY, ??. [Gr. op(pa\og and repvw-] The 
operation of dividing the navel-string. 

t O'MY, a. Mellow, as land. Ray. 

ON, p 7 cp. [G. an ; D. aa7i ,• Goth, aim.] 1. Being in con- 
tact with the surface or upper part of a thing and support- 
ed by it ; placed or lying in contact with the surface. 2. 
Com ing or falling to the surface of any thing. 3. Perform- 
ing or acting by contact with the surface, upper part or 
outside of any thing. 4. Noting addition. 5. At or near, 
f). It denotes resting for sujiport. 7. At or in the time of. 
8. At the time of, with some reference to cause or motive. 
0. It is put before the object of some passion, with the 


* See Sy/iopsis. a, K, T, O, U, T, Zo/i^.—FaR, FALL, WHAT ;—PPEY PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Oiic'eZc. 


ONT 


571 


ot towards, or for. 10. At the peril of, or for the 
safety of. 11. Denoting a pledge, or engagement, or put 
before the thing pledged. 12. Noting imprecation or in- 
' vocation, or coming to, falling or resting on. 13. In 
I consequence of, or immediately after, l^i. Noting part, 

! distinction or opposition. 

On the 7 oay, on the road, denote proceeding, traveling, jour- 
neying or making j)rogress. — On the alert, in a state of 
vigilance or activity. — On high, in an elevated place ; 
sublimely. — On fire, in a state of burning or inflamma- 
tion, and, metaphorically, in a rage or passion. — On a sud- 
den, suddenly. — On the wing, in flight j flying ; metaphor- 
ically, departing. 

ON, adv. 1. Forward, in progression. 2. Forward, in suc- 
cession. 3. In continuance; without interruption or 
ceasing. 4. Adhering ; not oft’. 5. Attached to the body. 

I ON/A-GER, n. [L. ] The wild ass. 

j O'NAN-ISM, n. [from Onan, in Scripture.] The crime of 
self-pollution. 

ONCE, (wuns) ado. [from one. So D. eens, from een, and 
G. einst, from ein, one.] 1. One time. 2. One time, 
though no more. 3. At one former time ; formerly. 4. 
At the same point of time ; not gradually. — dt once, at the 
same time. — Once is used as a noun, when preceded by 
this or that j as, this once, that once. 

ONCE, (ons) n. [Fr.] A quadruped of the genus felis. 

ONE, (wun) a. [Sax. an, am ; D. een ; G. ein j Sw. en ; Dan. 
en, or een : Ice. einn ; VV. un, or yn ; L. unus •, Gr. cv ; 
It., Sp. uno ; Port, hum; Fr. un ; Arm. unan : Ir. an, 
aon.] 1. Single in number; individual. — 2. Indefinitely, 
some or any. 3. It follows any. 4. Difterent ; diverse ; 
opposed to another. 5. It is used with another, to denote 
mutuality or reciprocation. 6. It is used with another, to 
denote average or mean proportion. 7. One of two ; op- 
posed to other. 8. Single by union ; undivided; the same. 
9. Single in kind ; the same. — At one, in union ; in agree- 
ment ; or concord. — In one, in union ; in one united body. 
— One, like many other adjectives, is used without a 
noun, and is to be considered as a substitute for some 
noun understood ; as, let the men depart one by one ; count 
them ane by ane ; every one has his peculiar habits. — In 
this use, as a substitute, one may be plural ; as, the great 
ones of the earth. — One o^clock, one hour of the clock, that 
is, as signified or represented by the clock. — One is used 
indefinitely for any person ; as, one sees ; one knows ; 
after the French manner, on voit. 

ONE'-lDilR-RY, (wun'-ber-ry) n. A plant, true love. 

ONE'EyED, (wun'ide) a. Having one eye only. Dnjdcn. 

0-NEI-RO-€RIT'I€, n. [Gr. ov£tpo/cptrt/cof.] An interpreter 
of dreams ; one who judges what is signified by dreams. 

0-NEl-RO-€RITT€S, n. The art of interpreting dreams. 

O-NEI-RO-GRITTC, O-NEI-RO-CRIT I-CAL, or O-NI- 
RO-€RlT'ie, a. Having tiie power of interpreting 
dreams, or pretending to judge of future events signified 
by dreams. 

0-NET-ROM^\N-CY, n. [Gr. ovcipov and pavreia.] Divina- 
tion by dreams. Spenser. 

I OXEbMENT, (wunfinent) n. State of being one. 

ONE NESS, (wun'nes) n. Singleness in number ; individ- 
uality ; unity ; the quality of being one. 

ON'ER-A-RY, a. [L. onerarius.'] Fitted or intended for the 
carriage of burdens ; comprising a burden. 

ON'ER-ATE, r. t. [L. onero.] To load ; to burden. 

ON-ER-a'TION, n. The act of loading. 

ON'ER-OUS, a. [L. onerosus.] 1. Burdensome ; oppressive. 
— 2. In Scots law, being for the advantage of both parties. 

ONTON, (un yun) n. [Fr. ognon.] A plant of the genus 
allium; and, particularly, its bulbous root. 

ON-KOT'O-MY, n. [Gr. oyKos and reproi).] In surgery, the 
opening of a tumor or abscess. Encyc. 

ON'LY, a. [Sax. cenlic.l 1. Single ; one alone. 2. This and 
no other. 3. This above all others. 

ONTjY, ado. 1. Singly; merely; barely; in one manner 
or for one purpose alone. 2. This and no other wise. 3. 
Singly; without more. 

0N'0-.MAN-C Y, n. [Gr. ovopa ami /.mvreta.] Divination by 
« the letters of a name. Camden. 

* ON-O-MAN'TIG, ) a. Predicting by names, or the let- 

' ON-0-MAN'TI-€AL, j ters composing names. Camden. 

' ONT)-JI A-TOPE, ) n. [Gr. ovopaTonoia.~\ 1. In grammar 
; (jN'O-MA-TO-PY, ( and rhetoric, a figure in which 
words are formed to resemble the sound made by the 
tiling signified. 2. A word whose sound corresponds to 
the sound of the thing signified. 

ON'SET, 71. [o/i and 5ct.] J. A rushing or setting upon ; a 
violent attack; assault; a storming; the assault of an 
army upon an eneiny. 2. An attack of any kind. 

fDN'SET, t’. t. To assault; to begin. Carew. 

ON'SIiAUGin’', (on'slaut) 7>. [on and *7ay.] Attack ; storm ; 
onset. Iliidibras. 

ON'STEAD, n. A single farm-house. Grose. 

ON-TO-LOGTC, } a. Pertaining to the science of being 

ON-TO-LOGT-CAL, j in general and its affections. 


opn 

ON-TOL^O-GIST, n. One who treats of or considers thd 
nature and qualities of being in general. 

ON-TOL 0-GY, 77. [Gr. ovra, from ftp. t and Xoyoj.] Tliat 
part of the science of metaphysics which investigates and 
explains the nature and essence of all beings. 

ON^VVARD, or ON'VVARDS, adv. [!Sax. ondward, and- 
7ceard.] J. Toward the point before or in front ; forward ; 
progressively ; in advance. 2. In a state of advanced pro- 
gression. 3. A little further or forward. 

ON'WARD, a. 1. Advanced or advancing. 2. Increased, 
improved. 3. Conducting ; leading forward to perfection. 

ON'Y-€HA, n. [from Gr. ovv^.] Supposed to be the odor- 
iferous shell of the onyx fish, or the onyx. 

O^NYX, n. [Gr. ovv^ ; L. onyx.] A semi-pellucid gem with 
variously colored zones or veins, a variety of chalcedony. 

O^O-LITE, 77. [Gr. wov and Egg-stone. 

OOZE, (ooz) V. i. [Sax. icaes, water.] 3’o flow gently ; to 
percolate, as a liquid through the pores of a substance, 
or through small openings. 

OOZE, 77. 1. Soft mud or slime; earth so wet as to flow 
gently or easily yield to pressure. 2. Soft flow ; spring 
3. The liquor of a tan-vat. 

OOZMNG, /7J77'. Flowing gently ; percolating. 

OOZA'^, a. Miry; containing soft mud; resembling ooze. 
Pope. 

f oTA-CATE, or O-Pa'GATE, v. t. [L. opaco.] To shade ; 
to darken ; to obscure ; to cloud. Boijle. 

0-PACT-TY, 77. [Li. opacitas.] 1. Opaqueness ; the quality 
of a body which renders it impervious to the rays of light ; 
want of transparency. 2. Darkness; obscurity. 

O-Pa'GOUS, a. [L. oj}acns.] 1. Not pervious to the rays of 
light; not transparent. 2. Dark ; obscure. See Opaque. 

0-Pa'€OUS-NESS, 77. Imperviousness to light. Evelyn. 

O'PAH, 77. A fish of a large kind. 

O'PAL, 77. [L. opalus, or opalum.] A beautiful stone of the 
silicious genus, and of several varieties. 

0-PAL-ES'CENCE, n. A colored shining lustre reflected 
from a single spot in a mineral. 

0-PAL-ES'CENT, a. Resembling opal ; reflecting a colored 
lustre from a single spot. Kirwan. 

O'PAL-INE, a. Pertaining to or like opal. 

O'PAL-lZE, V. t. To make to resemble opal. 

0-PaQ,UE', ) a. [L. opacus ; Fr. opaque.] 1. Impervioua 

0-PaKE', j to the rays of light; not transparent. 2. 
Dark ; obscure. 

0-PaQ.UE'NESS, 77. The quality of being impervious to 
light ; want of transparency ; opacity. 

fOPE, a. Open. 

OPE, V. t. and i. To open ; used only in poetry. 

O'PEN, (o'pn) a. [Sax., D. open ; G. oJ^eji.] 1. Unclosed ; 
not shut. 2. Spread ; expanded. 3. Unsealed. 4. Not 
shut or fast. 5. Not covered. G Not covered with trees ; 
clear. 7. Not stopped. 8. Not fenced or obstructed. 9. 
Not frosty ; warmer than usual ; not freezing severely, 
10. Public; before a court and its suitors. 11. Admitting 
all persons without restraint ; free to all comers. 12. Clear 
of ice. 13. Plain ; apparent ; evident ; public ; not secret 
or concealed. 14. Not wearing disguise ; frank ; sincere ; 
unreserved; candid; artless. 15. Not clouded ; not con- 
tracted or frowning ; having an air of frankness and sin- 
cerity. 16. Not hidden ; exposed to view. 17. Ready to 
hear or receive what is offered. 18. Free to be employed 
for redress ; not restrained or denied ; not precluding any 
person. 19. Exposed ; not protected ; without defense. 
20. Attentive ; employed in inspection. 21. Clear; unob- 
structed. 22. Unsettled; not balanced or closed. 23. Not 
closed ; free to be debated. — 24. In music, an open note is 
that which a string is tuned to produce. 

O'PEN, (o'pn) V. t. [iSax. opevian ; D. opeuen.] 1. To un- 
close ; to unbar ; to unlock ; to remove any fastening or 
cover and set open. 2. To break the seal of a letter and 
unfold it. 3. To separate parts that are close. 4. To re- 
move a covering from. 5. To cut through ; to perforate ; 
to lance. G. ft’o break ; to divide ; to split or rend. 7. 
To clear ; to make by removing obstructions. 8. To 
spread ; to expand. 9. To unstop. 10. To begin ; to 
make the first exhibition. 11. To show ; to bring to view 
or knowledge. 12. To interpret ; to explain. 13. To 
reveal ; to disclose. 14. To make liberal. 15. To make 
the first discharge of artillery. 16. To enter on or begin. 
17. To begin to see by the removal of something that in- 
tercepted the view. 

O'PEN, (o'pn) V. i. 1. To unclose itself; to be unclosed » 
to be parted. 2. To begin to appear. 3. To commence ; 
to begin. 4. To bark ; a term in hunting. 

O'PENED, (6'pnd) pp. Unclosed ; unbarred ; unsealed ; un- 
covered ; revealed ; disclosed ; made plain ; freed from ob- 
struction. 

6'PEN-ER, (5'pn-er) 77. 1. One that opens or removes any 
fastening or covering. 2. One that explahis ; an inter 
preter. 3. That which separates ; that which rends. 4. 
An aperient in medicine. 

O'PExX-EyED, (6'pn-Ide) a. Watchful ; vigilant. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BT ILL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


DPP 


OPH 


572 


O'PEN-HAND-ED, (6'pn-hand-ed) a. Generous j liberal j 
munificent. Rowe. 

C'PEN-HEAD-ED, a. Bare-headed. Chaucer. 
O'PEN-HEART-ED, (6'pn-hart-ed) a. Candid j frank j gen- 
erous. 

O'PEN-HEaRT-ED-LY, adv. With frankness ; without 
reserve. Ch. Relig. Appeal. 

O'PEN-HEaRT-ED-NESS, n. Frankness ; candor j sincer- 
ity ; munificence; generosity. Johnaon. 

5'PEN-ING, (6'pn-ing) ppr. Unclosing; unsealing ; uncov- 
_ ering ; revealing ; interpreting. 

O'FEiN-ING, (6'pii-ing'i n. 1. A breach ; an aperture ; a 
hole or perforation. 2. A place admitting entrance ; as a 
bay or creek. 3. Dawn ; first appearance or visibleness. 
O'PEjN-LY, (6'pn-ly) adv. 1. Publicly ; not in private ; 
without secrecy. 2. Plainly ; evidently ; without re- 
serve or disguise. 

O'PEN-MOUTHED, a. Greedy ; ravenous ; clamorous. 
L'‘ Estrange. 

O'PEN-NEiSS, (6'pn-nes) n. 1. Freedom from covering or 
obstruction. 2. Plainness ; clearness ; freedom from 
obscurity or ambiguity. 3. Freedom from disguise; unre- 
servedness ; plainness. 4. Expression of frankness or 
, candor. 5. Unusual mildness; freedom from snow and 
frost. 

OP'E-R A, n. [It., Sp., Fr., from L. opera.^ A dramatic com- 
position set to music and sung on the stage, accompanied 
with musical instruments, and enriched with magnificent 
dresses, machines, dancing, &.c. 
f OP'ER-A-BLE, a. Practicable. Brown. 
fOP'ER-ANT. a. Having power to produce an effect. 
OP'ER-ATE, V. i. [L. operor ,* Sp. operar ; Fr. operer.] 1. 
To act ; to exert power or strength, physical or mechan- 
ical. 2. To act or produce effect on the mind; to exert 
moral power or influence. — 3. In surgery, to perform some 
manual act in a methodical manner upon a human body, 
and usually with instruments, with a view to restore 
soundness or health ; as in amputation, lithotomy and the 
like. 4. To act; to have agency ; to produce any effect. 
OP'ER-ATE, V. t. To effect ; to produce by agency. Ham- 
ilton. [JVbt well authorhed.'\ 

OP-Ell-AT'I-GAL, a. Pertaining to the opera. Bushy. 
OP'ER-A-TING, p/n*. Acting; exerting agency or power; 

performing some manual act in surgery. 

OP-ER-a'TIOxN^, n. [L. operatio.'] 1. The act or process of 
operating ; agenc> ; the exertion of power, physical, me- 
chanical or moral. 2. Action ; effect. 3. Process ; man- 
ipulation ; series of acts in experiments. — 4. In surgery, 
any methodical action of the hand, or of the hand with 
instruments, on the human body, with a view to heal a 
part diseased, fractured or dislocated, as in amputation, 
&c. 5. Action or movements of an army or fleet. 6. 
Movements of machinery. 7. Movements of any phys- 
ical body. 


OP'ER-A-TiVE, a. 1. Having the power of acting; exert- 
ing force, physical or moral ; having or exerting agency ; 
active in the production of effects. 2. Efficacious ; pro- 
ducing the effect. 

OP'ER-A-TOR, n. 1. He or that which operates; he or 
that which produces an effect. — 2. In surgery, the person 
who performs some act upon the human body by means of 
the hand, or with instruments. 

O-PER'GU-L ATE, ) a. \\j. operculatus.'\ In ftota?!?/, hav- 

O-PEK'GU-LA-TED, \ ing a lid or cover, as a capsule. 

O-PER'CU-LI-FORM, rt. [L. and /or//i.] Having 

the form of a lid or cover. 

OP-ER-oSE', ft. [L. operosus.'\ Laborious; attended with 
labor ; tedious. Burnet. 

OP-ER-oSE'NESS, 71. The state of being laborious. 

t OP-ER-OS'I-TY, n. Operation; action. Bp. Hall. 

OPE'TIDE, 71. [ope and tide.^ The ancient time of mar- 
riage, from Epiphany to Ash-Wednesday. Bp. Hall. 

0-PHIU'I-AN, ft. [Gr. 0015.] Pertaining to serpents. 

O-PHID'I-ON, 71. [Gr. from o0i5.] A fish. 

O-PhLo-LOG'iSaL, \ Pertaining to opliiology. 

O PHI-OL'O-GIST, 11 . One versed in the natural history of 
serpents. 

O-PHI-OL'O-GY, 11 . [Gr. o(pig and Aoyo?-] That part of 
natural history which treats of serpents, or which arranges 
and describes the several kinds. 

O-PIII-OM'AX-CY, n. [Gr. ocpig nnd pavreia.] In antiquity, 
the art of divining or predicting events by serpents. 

O-PHI-O-MORPIPOUS, ft. [Gr. o(pig and pop^rj.] Having 
the form of a serpent. Ray. 

O-PHI-OPIPA-GOUS, 0. [Gr. 0015 and 0ayto.] Eating or 
feeding on serpents. Brown. 

d'PIIITE, ft. [Gr. 0015.] Pertaining to a serpent. 

n'rillTE, 71. [Gr. o0ir»75.] Green porphyry, or serpentine. 

(3PH-1-U'GHUS, n. [Gr. o0tou;^o5.] A constellation in the 
northern hemisphere. Milton. 

* OPH-THA L'Mie, ft. Pertaining to the eye. 


* OPH-THAL-MOS'GO-PY, 71. [Gr. o00aXjuo5and oKOTzeo).] A 


branch of physiognomy which deduces the knowledge of a 
man’s temper and manner from the appearance of the eyes, 
*OPH'THAL-MY, ii. [Gr. o<pOa\pia.] A disease of the 
eyes ; an infiannnatioii of the eye or its appendages. 
O'PI-ATE, 11. [from opium.] 1. Primarily, a medicine of a 
thicker consistence than sirup, prepared with opium. 2. 
Any medicine that has the quality of inducing sleep or 
repose ; a narcotic. 3. That which induces rest or inac- 
tion ; that which quiets uneasiness. 

O'Pl-ATE, ft. 1. Inducing sleep ; soporiferousness ; somnif- 
erous ; narcotic. 2. Causing rest or inaction, 
t OP'l-FiCE, 11. [L. opijicium.] Workmanship ; handywork, 
I O-PIFT-CER, 11. [L. opifex.] One who performs any work. 
Beytley. 

•[ O-PIN'A-BLE, ft, [L. opinor.] That may be thought, 
f 0P-1 -Na'T 10N, n. Act of thinking ; opinion. Diet. 
f O-PIN'A-Tl VE, ft. Stiff* in opinion. Burton. 
i OP-I-NA'TOR, 77. One fond of his own opinions ; one who 
holds an opinion. Glanville. 

jO-PIi\E', V. i. [L. opinor.] To think ; to suppose. South, 
fO-PlA'£D, (o-pind') pp. Thought; conceived. 
fO-PilN'ER, 77. One who thinks or holds an opinion. 
fO-PlN-IAS'TRE, tO-PlN-1 AS TRO US, or j O-PIN-IaC 
I’PE, a. [Fr. opinidtre.] Unduly attaciied to one’s own 
opinion, or stiff* in adhering to it. Raleigh. 
j O PIN'IATE, V. t. To maintain one’s opinion with obsti- 
nacy. Barrow. 

O-PLN'IA-TEU, ft. Unduly attached to one’s own opinions. 
O-PIN'IA-TIVE, ft. 1. Very stiff in adherence to precon- 
ceived notions. 2. Imagined ; not proved. 
O-PliS'lA-TlVE-NESS, n. Undue stiff’ness in opinion, 
t O-PIN-Ia'TOR, 77. One unduly attached to his own opinion. 

t 0 -PIN-Ia'TRE, ft. Stiff* in opinion; obstinate. Barrow. 
O-PIN-Ia'TRE, 77. One fond of his own notions. Bar- 
row. 

t O-PIN-Ia'TRE-TY, or j O-PIN'IA-TRY, 77. Unreasonable 
attachment to one’s own notions; obstinacy in opin- 
ions. Brown. 

t O-PTN'ING, ppr. Thinking, 
f O-PIiN'lNG, 77. Opinion ; notion. Taylor. 

O-PIiVffON, (o-pin'yun) 11. [Fr. ; T. opinio.] 1. The judg- 
ment which the mind forms of any proposition, statement, 
theory or event, the truth or falsehood of which is sup- 
ported by a degree of evidence that renders it probable, 
but does not produce absolute knowledge or certainty. 
2. The judgment or sentiments which the mind forms of 
persons or their qualities. 3. Settled judgment or persua- 
sion. 4. Favorable judgment ; estimation, 
f O-PJN^ION, V. t. To think. Brown. 

O-PIN'ION-ATE, ) ft. Stifif in opinion ; firmly or unduly 
O-PIN'ION-A-TED, ) adhering to one’s own opinion ; ob- 
stinate in opinion. 

O-PIN'ION-ATE-LY, adv. Obstinately ; conceitedly. 
O-PIN'ION-A-TIVE, ft. Fond of preconceived notions; 

unduly attached to one’s own opinions. Burnet. 
O-PLN'iON-A-TXVE-LY, adv. With undue fondness for 
one’s own opinions ; stubbornly. 
O-PIN'ION-A-TIVE-NESS, n. Excessive attachment to 
one’s own opinions ; obstinacy in opinion. 

O-PIN'IONED, a. Attached to particular opinions ; con- 
ceited. South. 

O-PIN'ION-IST, 77. One fond of his own notions, or one 
unduly attached to his own opinions. Glanville. 

1 0-PIP' A-ROUS, ft. [L. opiparus.] Sumptuous. Diet 
t O-PIP'A-ROUS-LY, adv. Sumptuously; abundantly. 
O-PIS'THO-DOME, 77. [Gr. omadiog and ^opog.] In Greece, 
a part or place in the back part of a house, 
f O-PIT-U-La'TION, 77. [L. opitulatio.] An aiding ; a help- 
ing. 

O'PI-UM, 77. [L. opium.] Opium is the inspissated juice of 
the capsules of the papaver somniferum, or somniferous 
white poppy whth which the fields in Asia Minor are sown, 
t OTLE-TREE, n. [L. opulus.] The witch-hazel. 
O-PO-BAL'SAM, 77. [L.] The balm or balsam of Gilead. 
0P-0-DEL'D0€, 77. 1. ’The name of a plaster. 2. A sapo- 
naceous camphorated liniment. Micholson. 
0-Po'PA-NAX, 77. [L.] A gum-resin. 

O-POS'SUM, 77. A quadruped of the genus didelphis. 
OP'PI-DAN, 77. [L. oppidanus.] 1. An inhabitant of a town; 
[not used.] 2. An appellation given to the students of 
Eton school in England. 

|OP'PI-DAN, ft. Pertaining to a town. Hoicell. 

I OP-PIG'NER-ATE, ft. t. [L. oppignero.] To pledge ; to 
])awn. Bacon. 

OP'PI-LATE, ft. t. [L. oppilo.] To crowd together ; to fill 
with obstructions. 

OP-P1 -La'TION, 77. The act of filling or crowding together ; 

a stopping by redundant matter. Harvey. 
OP'PI-LA-TlVE, ft. [Fr. oppilatif.] Obstructive, 
j- OP-PL kT'ED, ft. [h. oppletns!^ Filled; crowded, 
j OP-PoXE', ft. t. [L. oppono.] To oppose. B. Jonson. 
OP-Po'NEN-CY, 77. The opening of an academical disputa- 
tion ; the proposition of objections to a tenet ; an exercise 
for a degree. Todd. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, T, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ;- 


-PRFW 


i.* -* ) 


-PIN, IMARlNE, Bird ;— f Obsolete. 


OPP 


573 


ORA 


OP-Po'NENT, a, [L. opponens.'] That opposes; opposite; 
adverse. Prior. 

OP-Po'i\'ENT, n. One that opposes ; particularly, one that 
opposes in controvers}’, disputation or argument. It is 
correlative to defendant or respondent. Opponent may 
sometimes be used for adversary, and for antagonist, but 
not with strict propriety, as the word does not necessarily 
imply enmity nor bodily strife. Nor is it well used in the 
sense oi rival or competitor. 

OP-POR-TuNE', a. [L. opportunus.] Present at a proper 
time ; seasonable ; timely ; well-timed. 

I OP-POR-TuNE', t. To suit. Dr. Clarke. 

OP-POR-TuNE'LY, adv. Seasonably ; at a time hivorable 
for the purpose. 

OP-POR-Tu'NI-TY, n. [L. opportunitas 1. Fit or con- 
venient time ; a time favorable for the purpose ; suitable 
time combined with other favorable circumstances. 2. 
Convenient means. 

t OP-Po'SAL, ?i. Opposition. Herbert. 

OP-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. opposer.] 1. To set against ; to put in 
oj>position, with a view to counterbalance or countervail, 
and thus to hinder, defeat, destroy or j)revent effect. 2. 
To act against ; to resist, either by physical means, by ar- 
guments or other means. 3. To clieck ; to resist effectu- 
ally. 4. To place in front ; to set opposite. 5. To act 
agamst, as a competitor. 

OP-PoSE', v.i. 1. To act adversely ; [o&s.] Shak. 2. To 
object or act against in controversy. 

OP-PoS'ED, (op-p6zd') pp. 1. Set in opposition ; resisted. 
2. a. Being in opposition in principle or in act ; adverse. 
Jay. _ 

t OP-PoSE^LESS, a. Not to be opposed ; irresistible. 

OP-P6S'ER, ?t. 1. One that opposes ; an opponent in party, 
in principle, in controversy or argument. 2. One who 
acts in opposition ; one who resists. 3. An antagonist ; 
an adversary ; an enemy ; a rival. 

OPTO-SiTE, a. [Fr. ; L. oppositus.'] 1. Standing or situ- 
ated in front ; facing. 2. Adverse ; repugnant. 3. Con- 
trary. — 4. In botany, growing in pairs, each pair decus- 
sated or crossing that above and below it. 

OP'PO-SiTE, n. J . An opponent ; an adversary ; an enemy ; 
an antagonist. 2. That which is opposed or contrary. 

OPTO-SiTE-LY, ado. 1. In front; in a situation to face 
each other. 2. Adversely ; against each other. 

OP'PO-SITE-NESS, n. The state of being opposite or con- 
trary. 

OP-P055-I-TI-Fo'LI-OUS, a. [L. oppositus and folium.] In 
botany, opposite to the leaf. Lee. 

OP-PO-Si'/TICfN, n. [L. oppositio.] 1. Situation so as to 
front something else ; a standing over against. 2. The 
act of opposing ; attempt to check, restrain or defeat. 3. 
Obstacle. 4. Resistance. 5. Contrariety ; repugnance in 
principle. 6. Contrariety of interests, measures or de- 
signs. 7. Contrariety or diversity of meaning. 8. Con- 
tradiction ; inconsistency. 9. The collective body of op- 
posers ; the party that opposes. — 10. In astronomy, the 
situation of two heavenly bodies, when distant from each 
other 180 degrees. 

OP-PO-SP'TION-IST, n. One that belongs to the party op- 
pc^sing the administration. 

OP-POS'[-TiVE, a. That may be put in opposition. 

OP-PRESS', V. t. [Fr. oppressor ; L. oppressus.] 1. To load 
or burden with unreasonable impositions ; to treat with 
unjust severity, rigor or hardship. 2. To overpower ; to 
overburden. 3. To sit or lie heavy on. 

OP-PRESS'ED, (op-prest') pp. Burdened with unreasonable 
impositions ; overpowered ; overburdened ; depressed. 

OP-PRESS'ING, ppr. Overburdening. 

OP-PRES'SION, 71. 1. The act of oppressing; the imposi- 
tion of unreasonable burdens, either in taxes or services ; 
cruelty ; severity. 2. The state of being oppressed or 
overburdened ; misery. 3. Hardship ; calamity. 4. De- 
pression ; dullness of spirits ; lassitude of body. 5. A 
sense of heaviness or weight in the breast, <Scc. 

OP PRESSIVE, fl. 1. Unre:isonably burdensome ; unjustly 
severe. 2. Tyrannical. 3. Heavy ; overpowering ; over- 
whelming. 

OP-PRESS'IVE-LY, adv. In a manner to oppress ; with un- 
reasonable severity. Burke. 

OP-PRESS'IVE-NESS, ti. The quality of being oppress- 
ive. 


OP-PRESS'OR, 77. One that oppresses ; one that imposes 
unjust burdens on others ; one that harasses others with 
unjust laws or unreasonable severity. 

OP-PRo'BRI-OUS, a. [See Opprobrium.] 1. Reproachful 
and contemptuous ; scurrilous. 2. Blasted with infamy ; 
despised ; rendered hateful. .Milton. 

OP-PRo'BRI-OIJS-LY, adv. With reproach mingled with 
contempt ; scurrilously. Shak. 


OP-PRo'BRl-OUS-NESS, n. Reproachfulness mingled with 
contempt ; scurrility. 

OP-PRo'BRT-UM, 77. [L. ()& and p7*o&rM7n.] Reproach min- 
gled with contempt or disdain. 

OP'PRO-BRY, 77. Opprobrium. Johnson. 


OP-PuGN', (op-pune') v. t. [L. oppugno.] To attack ; to 
oppose ; to resist. 

OP-PUG'NAN-CY, 77. Opposition ; resistance. Shak. 

OP-PUG'NANT, a. Resisting; opposing; repugnant. 

OP-PUG-Na'TION, n. Opposition ; resistance. Hall. 

OP-PuGN'ED, (op pund') pp. Opposed ; resisted. 
OP-PuGN'ER, (op-pun er) n. One who opposes or attacks ; 
that which opposes. Boyle. 

OP-PuGN'ING, (op-pun'ing) ;>;7r. Attacking; opposing. 

OP-SIM'A-TH Y, 77. [Gr. oi/'7/7a0aa.] Late education ; edu- 
cation late in life. \Little 77se(/.] Hales. 

f 0P-S0 -Na'T 10N, 77. [L. obso7io.] A catering ; a buying of 
provisions. Diet. 

f OP'TA-BLE, a. [L. optabilis.] Desirable. 

f OP'TATE, V. t. L. opto.] To choose ; to wish for ; to de- 
sire. Cotgrave. 

OP-Ta'TION, 77. [L. optatio.] A desiring. Peacham. 

* OP'TA-Ti VE, a. [Ij. optativtis.] Expressing desire or wish. 
The optative mode, in grannnar, is that form of the verb 
in which wish or desire is expressed. 

*OP'TA-TIVE, 77. gomething to be desired. \L.u.] Bacon. 

OFTIG, or OP'TI-GAL, a. [Gr. oTrn/cof.j 1. Relating or 
pertaining to vision or sight. 2. Relating to the science of 
of)tics. 

OP'TIG, n. An organ of sight. Trumbull. 

OP-Tl''(JIAN, 77. I. A person skilled in the science of op- 
tics. 2. One who makes or sells optic glasses and instru- 
ments. 

OP'TIGS, 77. The science which treats of light and the phe- 
nomena of vision. Encyc. 

OFTI-MA-CY, 77. [L. optimates.] The body of nobles ; the 
nobility. Hoicell. 

OP'Tl-MIvgM, 77. [L. optirnus.] The opinion or doctrine that 
every thing in nature is ordered for the best ; or the order 
of things in the universe that is adapted to produce the 
most good. Paley. 

OP-TIMT-TY, 77. The state of being be£*t. 

OP TION, 77. [L. optio.] I. The power of choosing ; the 
right of choice or election. 2. llie power of wishing ; 
wish. 3. Choice ; election ; preference. 

OP'TION-AL, a. 1. Left to one’s wish or choice ; depend- 
ing on choice or preference. 2. Leaving something to 
choice. Blackstone. 

OP'U-LENCE, 77. [L. opulentia.] Wealth; riches; afflu- 
ence. [0/)uZe/7C7/ is little used.] Swift. 

OP'U-LENT, a. [L. opuloitus.] Wealthy ; rich ; affluent ; 
having a large estate or property. South. 

OP'U-LENT-LY, adv. Richly ; with abundance or splendor. 

O-PUS'CULE, 77. [L. opusculum.] A small work. Jones. 

OR, a termination of Latin nouns, is a contraction of vir, a 
man, or from the same radix. The same word vir is, in 
our mother tongue, zeer, and from this we have the Eng- 
lish termination er. It denotes an agent, as in actor, 
creditor. 

OR, conj. [Sax. other; G. oder.] A connective that marks an 
alternative ; as, “you may read or may write.” It corre- 
sponds to either ; as, you may either ride to London, or to 
Windsor. It often connects a series of words or proposi- 
tions, presenting a choice of either ; as, he may study law 
or medicine or divinity, or he may enter into trade. — Or 
sometimes begins a sentence, but in this case it expresses 
an alternative with the foregoing sentence. Matt. vii. and 
ix. — In poetry, or is sometimes used for either . — Or ever. 
In this phrase, or is supposed to be a corruption of ere. 
Sax. cere, before ; that is, before ever. 

OR, in heraldry, gold. [Fr. or ; L. au?'um.] 

OR'ACH, or OR'RACH, n. A plant of the genus atriplez, 
used as a substitute for spinage. 

OR'A-CLE, 77. [Fr. ; L. or77C77Z77777.] I. Among pT7^a77s, the 
answer of a god or some person reputed to be a god, to an 
inquiry made respecting some affair of importance. 2. 
The deity who gave or was supposed to give answers to 
inquiries. 3. The place where the answers were given. — 
4. Among Christians, oracles, in the plural, denotes the 
communications, revelations or messages delivered by 
God to prophets. 5. The sanctuary or most holy place in 
the temple. 1 Kings \\. G. Any person ’or place where 
certain decisions are obtained. Pope. 7. Any person re- 
puted uncommonly wise, whose opinions are of great au- 
thority. 8. A wise sentence or decision of great authority, 

OR'A-CLE, V. i. To utter oracles. Milton. 

0-RA€'U-LAR, or 0-RA€'U-L0UvS, a. 1. Uttering oracles, 
2. Grave ; venerable ; like an oracle. 3. Positive ; au- 
thoritative ; magisterial. 4. Obscure ; ambiguous, like 
the oiTicles of pagan deities. 

0-RAC'U-LAR-LY, or 0-RA€'U-LOUS-LY, adv. 1. In 
the manner of an oracle. 2. Authoritatively ; positively, 

0-RA€'U-LOUS-NESS, n. The state of being oracular. 

OR'Al-SON, (or'e-zun) n. [Fr. oraison ; L. oratio.] Prayer, 
verbal supplication or oral worship ; now written orison, 

O'RAL, a. [Fr. ; L. os, or/s.] Uttered by the mouth or ip 
words ; spoken, not written, 

O'RAL-LY, adv. By mouth ; in words, without writing. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BULL, UNITE. — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 


ORC 


574 


ORD 


OR'AN6E, n. 
of citrus which 


[Fr. ; L. aurantium.'] The fruit of a species 
grows in warm climates. 
OR'ANOE-MUSK, n. A species of pear. 

Oll'AJVGE-PEEL, n. The rind of an orange separated from 
the fruit. 

* OR'AN-CrER-Y, n. [Fr. orangerie.] A plantation of orange- 

tt*PPQ JnhYi'Sfiti 

OR/ANGE-TAW-NY, a. Of the color of an orange. 
OR'ANGE-WiFE, n. A woman that sells oranges. 
O'RANG-OU'TANG, n. The satyr or great ape, {simia 
satijrus,) an animal with a flat face and deformed resem- 
blance of the human form. 

O-RA'TION, n. [L. oratio.] 1. A speech or discourse corn- 
posed according to the rules of oratory, and spoken in 
public. — 2. In modern usage, the word is applied chiefly 
to discourses pronounced on special occasions. 3. A har- 
angue ; a public speech or address, 
t O-Ra'TION, V. i. To make a speech ; to harangue. 
OR'A-TOR, 71. [L.] 1. A public speaker. — 2. In modern 
7isage, a person who pronounces a discourse publicly on 
sonfe special occasion, as on the celebration of some memo- 
rable event. 3. An eloquent public speaker ; a speaker, 
by way of e/ninence. — 4. In France, a speaker in debate in 
a legislative body. — 5. In chayiccry, a petitioner. 6. An 
officer in the universities in England. 

OR-A-To'RI-AL, or OR-A-TOR'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to an 
orator or to oratory ; rhetorical ; becoming an orator. 
OR-A-To'RI-AL-LY, or OR-A-TOR'I-€AL-LY, ado. In a 
rhetorical manner. Taylor. 

OR-A-TO'RI-0, 71. [It.] I. In /taZia7i 77nrsic, a sacred drama 
of dialogues. 2. A place of worship ; a chapel, 
t OR-A-To'RI-OUS. The same as oratorial. 
t OR-A-To’RI-OUS-LY. The same as oratorically. 
OR'A-TO-RY, 71. [Low L. oratoria.] 1. The art of speaking 
well, or of speaking according to the rules of rhetoric, in 
order to persuade. 2. Exercise of eloquence. — 3. Among 
the Romanists, a close apartment near a bed-chamber, for 
private devotions. 4. A place allotted for prayer, or a 
place for public worship. 

OR'^ TRIX^^ I ^ female orator. Warner. 

ORB, 71. [L. orbis ; Fr., It., Sp. 07-5e.] 1. A spherical body. 
— 2. In astronomy, a hollow globe or sphere. 3. A wheel ; 
a circular body that revolves or rolls. 4. A circle ; a 
sphere defined by a line. 5. A circle described by any 
mundane sphere ; an orbit. 6. Period ; revolution of 
time. 7. The eye. — 8. In tactics, the circular form of a 
body of troops, or a circular body of troops. 

ORB, V. t. To form into a circle. Milton. 

ORB' ATE, a. [L. orbatus.'] Bereaved ; fatherless ; child- 
less. 

f OR-Ba'TION, n. [L. orbatio.] Privation of parents or 
children, or privation in general. 

ORBED, a. 1. Round; circular; orbicular. 2. Formed 
into a circle or round shape. 3. Rounded or covered on 
the exterior. 

OR B'I€, a. Spherical. Bacon. 

OR-BIG'U-LAR, a. [Fr. 07'biculaire ; L. orbiculus.l Spher- 
ical ; circular ; in the form of an orb. Addison. 
OR-BIOLT-LAR-LY, ado. Spherically. 
OR-BI€'U-LAR-NESS, n. Sphericity; the state of being 
orbicular. 

fl.JL. orbiculatus.'] Made or being 
in the form of an orb. — In botany, 
an orbiculate or orbicular leaf is one that has the periphery 
of a circle, or both its longitudinal and transverse diame- 
ters equal. 

OR-B1€-U-La'TION, 71. The state of being made in the 
form of an orb. More. 

ORB'IS, or ORB'-FISH, 7t. A fish of a circular form. 
ORB'IT, 71. [Fr. orbite ,• L. orbita.'] I. In astronomy, the 
path of a planet or comet ; the curve line which a planet 
(iesciibes in its periodical revolution round its central 
body. 2. A small orb, [not pi'oper.] Young. — 3. In aiiat- 
omy, the cavity in which the eye is situated. 

ORB'I-TAL, 

OR-BIT'U-AL, 

ORB'I-TUDE, 

ORB I-TY, ^ parents or chridren. [Little used.] 
ORB'Y, a. Resembling an orb. Chapman. 

ORC, n. [L. orca.\ A sea-fish, a species of whale. 
OR'CHAL, OR'CHEL, or OR'CHIL. See Archil. 

OR'CH A-NET, ti. A plant, anchusa tinctoria. 

OR'CHARD, 71. [Sax. ortgeard.] An inclosure for 

trees. 

OR'CHARD-TNG, n. I. The cultivation of orchards. Evelyn. 

2. Orchards in general. United States. 

OR'CHARD-IST, n. One that cultivates orchards. 
OR'GllES-TRE, \ n. [L. orchestra.] 1. The part of a 
OR'CH ES-TER, > theatre or other public place appro- 

* OR'CHES-TRA, 7 printed to the musicians. 2. The 
body of performers in the orchestre. Busby. 

OR'CHES-TRAL, a. Pertaining to an orchestre ; suitable 
for or performed in an orchestre. Busby. 


OR-BIC'U-LATE, 

OR-Bl€'U-LA-TED, 


a. Pertaining to the orbit. Hooper. 

) 71. [L. orbitas.] Bereavement by loss of 
) parents or children. 


fruit- 


OR'CHIS, 71. [L. orchis.] A genus of plants. 

ORD, n. [Sax.] An edge or point ; as in ordhelm. — Ord 
signifies beginning ; as in ords and ends. 

OR-DaIN', V. t. [L. ordino ; Fr. ordonner.] 1. Properly, to 
set ; to establish in a particular office or order ; hence, to 
invest with a ministerial function or sacerdotal power. 
2. To appoint ; to decree. 3. To set ; to establish ; to in- 
stitute ; to constitute. 4. To set apart for an office ; to 
appoint. 5. To appoint ; to prepare. 

OR-DaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be appointed. Hall. 

OR-DaIN'ED, (or-dand') pp. Appointed; instituted; estab- 
lished ; invested with ministerial or pastoral functions ; 
settled. 

OR-DaIN'ER, 71. One who ordains, appoints or invests 
with- sacerdotal powers. 

OR-DaIN'ING, p/ir. Appointing; establishing; investing 
with sacerdotal or pastoral functions. 

* OR'DE-AL, 71. [Sax. ordal, or ordcel ; G. urtheil ; D. ordeel.] 

1. An ancient form of trial to determine guilt or inno- 
cence, practiced by the rude nations of Europe, and still 
practiced in the East Indies. — In England, the ordeal was 
of two sorts, fire-ordeal and 7cater-ordcal ; the former be- 
ing confined to persons of higher rank, the latter to the 
common people. — Fire-ordeal was performed either by 
taking in the hand a piece of red-hot iron, or by walking 
barefoot and blindfold over nine red-hot ploughshares. — 
Water-07'deal was performed, either by plunging the bare 
arm to the elbow in boiling water, or by casting the per- 
son suspected into cold water. 2. Severe trial ; accurate 
scrutiny. 

OR'DER, 71. [L. ordo ; Fr. ordre.] 1. Regular disposition 
or methodical arrangement of tilings. 2. Proper state. 3. 
Adherence to the point in discussion, according to estab- 
lished rules of debate. 4., Established mode of proceed- 
ing. 5. Regularity; settled mode of operation. (3. Man- 
date ; precept ; command ; authoritative direction. 7. 
Rule ; regulation. 8. Regular government or discipline. 
9. Rank ; class ; division of men. 10. A religious frater- 
nity. 11. A division of natural objects, generally inter- 
mediate between class and genus. 12. Measures ; care. — 
13. In rhetoric, the placing of words and members in a 
sentence in such a manner as to contribute to force and 
beauty of expression, or to the clear illustration of the 
subject. 14. The title of certain ancient books containing 
the divine office and manner of its performance. — 15. In 
architecture, a system of several members, ornaments and 
proportions of columns and pilasters. The orders are five, 
the Tuscan, Doric, Io7iic, Corinthian, and Composite . — In 
orders, set apart for the performance of divine service. — 
In order, for the purpose ; to the end ; as means to an 
end. — General orders, the commands or notices which a 
military commander-in-chief issues to the troops under his 
command. 

OR'DER, V. t. 1. To regulate ; to methodize ; tosystemize; 
to adjust ; to subject to system in management and exe- 
cution. 2. To lead ; to conduct ; to subject to rules or 
laws. 3. To direct ; to command. 4. To manage ; to 
treat. 5. To ordain ; [wZ;*-.] 6. To direct ; to dispose in 

any particular manner. 

OR'DER, V. i. To give command or direction. Milton. 

OR'DERED, pp. Regulated ; methodized ; disposed ; com- 
manded ; managed. 

OR'DER-ER, 71. I. One that gives orders. 2. One that 
methodizes or regulates. 

OR'DER-ING, ppr. Regulating ; systemizing ; command- 
ing ; disposing. 

OR'DER-ING, n. Disposition ; distribution. 2 Chroii. xxiv. 

OR'DER-LESS, a. Without regularity ; disorderly. 

OR'DER-LI-NESS, n. 1. Regularity; a state of being me- 
thodical. 2. The state of being orderly. 

OR'DER-LY, a. I. Methodical ; regular. 2. Observant of 
order or method. 3. Well regulated ; performed in good 
order ; not tumultuous. 4. According to established 
method. 5. Not unruly ; not inclined to break from in- 
closures ; peaceable. — Qrdeily sergeant, a military officer 
who attends on a superior officer. 

OR'DER-LY, adv. Methodically; according to due order; 
regularly ; according to rule. 

t OR-DI-NA-BIL'I-TY, n. Capability of being appointed. 

t OR'DI-NA-BLE, a. Such as may be appointed. Hammond. 

OR'DI-NAL, a. [L. ordinalis ; Fr. ordinal.] Noting order; 
as the ordinal numbers, first, second, &c. 

OR'DI-NAL, 71. 1. A number noting order. 2. A book 
containing the order of divine service ; a ritual. Encyc. 

OR'DI-NANCE, ??. [It. ordinania ; Ft. ordo7inance .] 1. A 
rule established by authority ; a permanent rule of action. 

2. Observance commanded. 3. Appointment. 4. Estab- 
lished rite or ceremony. 

t OR'DI-NANT, a. [L. ordmarj^.] Ordaining ; decreeing. 

OR'DI-NA-RI-LY, adv. Primarily, according to established 
rules or settled method ; hence, commonly ; usually ; in 
most cases. 

* OR'DI-NA-RY, <7. [E. or dinar ius.] 1. According to estab- 
lished order ; methodical ; regular ; customary. 2. Com- 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, tJ, Y, long — FAR, FALL, WHAT FREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


ORG 


575 


ORK 


mon ; usual. 3. Of common rank ; not distinguished by 
superior excellence. 4. Plain j not handsome. 5. Infe- 
rior ; of little merit. 6. An ordinary seaman is one not 
expert or fully skilled. 

* OR'Dl-NA-RY, w. 1. In i\\e common and canon law^ one 
who has ordinary or immediate jurisdiction in matters 
ecclesiastical ; an ecclesiastical Judge. 2. Settled estab- 
lishment. 3. Regular price of a meal. 4. A place of eat- 
ing where the prices are settled. 5. The establishment 
of persons employed by government to take charge of 
ships of war laid up in harbors. — In ordinary^ in actual 
and constant service ; statedly attending and serving. 

t OR'DI-NATE, V. t. To appoint. 

OR'DI-NATE, a. [L. ordinatus.] Regular ; methodical. 

OR'DI-NAT E, 7z. In geometry and conic sections, a line 
drawn from any point of the circumference of an ellipsis 
or other conic section, perpendicularly across the axis to 
the other side. 

OR'DI-NATE-LY, adv. In a regular methodical manner. 

0R-DI-Na'T10N, n. [L,. ordinal io.] 1. The state of being 
ordained or appointed j established order or tendency 
consequent on a decree. 2. The act of conferring holy 
orders or sacerdotal power; called, also, consecration. — 3. 
In the Presbyterian and Congregational churches, the act of 
settling or establishing a licensed clergyman over a church 
and congregation with pastoral charge and authority ; 
also, the act of conferring on a clergyman the powers of 
a settled minister of the gospel, without the charge of a 
particular church. 

OR'DI-NA-TIVE, a. Directing ; giving order. Cotgrave. 

ORDINANCE, n. Cannon or great guns ; artillery. 

OR'DON-NANCE, w. [Fr.] In painting, the disposition of 
the parts of a picture. Cyc. 

OR'DURE, 71. [Fr.] Dung; excrements. Shak. 

ORE, n. [Sax. ore, ora.] 1. The compound of a metal and 
some other substance, as oxygen, sulphur or carbon, called 
its mineralizer. 2. Metal. 

O'RE-AD, n. [Gr. opo?.] A mountain nymph. 

ORE'-WEED, ) S“a-weed Carew 

ORE'- WOOD I vveeu. i^a?ew. 

ORF'GILD* n. [Sax. orf and geld.] The restitution of 
goods or money stolen, if taken in the day time. 

OR'FRAYS, 71. [Fr. orfroi.] Fringe of gold; gold embroid- 
ery. 

OR'GAL, n. Argal ; lees of wine dried ; tartar. 

OR'GAX, 7?. [T. orgammi^ Gr. opyavov ; Sp., It. organo ; 
Fr. organe.] 1. A natural instrument of action or opera- 
tion, or by which some process is carried on. 2. The 
instrument or means of conveyance or communication. 
3. The largest and most harmonious of wind instruments 
of music, consisting of pipes which are filled with wind, 
and stops touched by the fingers. 

f OR'GAN, V. t. To form organically. Mannyngham, 

OR'GAN-BUiLD-ER, n. An artist whose occupation is to 
construct organs. 

OR-GAN'I€, 1 a. [L. organicus.] 1. Pertaining to an 

OR-GANT-CAL, | organ or to organs ; consisting of or- 
gans or containing them. 2. Produced by the organs. 3. 
Instrumental ; acting as instruments of nature or art to a 
certain end. — Organic bodies are such as possess organs, 
on the action of which depend their growth and perfec- 
tion ; as animals and plants. — Organic remains are the 
remains of living bodies petrified or imbedded in stone. 

OR-GANT-GAL-LY, adv. 1. With organs ; with organical 
structure or disposition of parts. 2. By means of organs. 

OR-G AXT-GAL-NESS, n. The state of being organical. 

OR'GAN-ISM, n. Organical structure. Grew. 

OR'GAN-IST, 71. 1. One who plays on the organ. 2. One 
who sung in parts ; an old musical use of the word. 

0R-GAN-I-Za'T1ON, 11 . The act or process of forming or- 
gans or instruments of action. 2. l4ie act of forming or 
arranging the parts of a compound or complex body in a 
suitable manner for use or service ; the act of distributing 
into suitable divisions, and appointing the proper officers, 
as an army or a government. Pickering. 3. Structure ; 
form ; suitable disposition of parts which are to act to- 
gether in a compound body. 

OR'GAN-IZE, v.t. [Fr. organiser.] 1. To form with suit- 
able organs ; to construct so that one part may cooperate 
with another. 2. To sing in parts. 3. To distribute 
into suitable parts, and appoint proper officers, that the 
whole may act as one body. W. Crunch. 

OR'GAN-IZED, pp. Formed with organs ; constructed or- 
ganically ; systeinized ; reduced to a form in which all 
the parts may act together to one end. 

OR'GAN-IZ-ING, ppr. Constructing with suitable organs; 
reducing to system in order to produce united action to 
one end. 

OR'GAX-LOFT, n. The loft where an organ stands. Tat- 
ler. 

OR-GAN-O-GRAPIITG, ) a. Pertaining to organogra- 

OR-GAN-O-GRAPIPl-CAL, \ phy. 

OR-GAN-OG'RA-PIIY, n. [Gr. opyavov and ypa<p(j).] In 


botany, a description of the organs of plants, or of the 
names and kinds of their organs. 

OR'GAN-PiPE, 71. The pipe of a musical organ. Shak, 
0R'GAN-ST0P,'77. The stop of an organ, or any collection 
of pipes under one general name. Busby. 

OR'GA-NY. See Origan. 

OR'GAN-ZINE, n. Silk twisted into threads ; thrown silk. 
OR'GASM, n. [Gr. opyaapos.] Immoderate excitement or 
action. Blackmore. 

OR'GE-AT, 11 . [Fr.] A liquor extracted from barley and 
sweet almonds. Mason. 

0R'GE-IS,77. a fish, called also organ-ling. 

OR'GIeS, n. pin. [Gr. opyia ; h.orgia; Fr. orgies.] Fran- 
tic revels at the feast in honor of Bacchus, or the feast 
itself. Dryden. 

t OR'GIL-LOUS, «. [Fr. or giieilleux.] Proud ; haughty. 
OR'GUES,??. [Fr.] 1. In the 7/n7ita7'p ari, long, thick pieces 
of timber, pointed and shod with iron and hung over a 
gateway, to be let down in case of attack. 2. A machine 
composed of several musket barrels united, by means of 
which several explosions are made at once to defend 
breaches. 

OR-I-CIIAL'CUM, ) 11 . [L. orichalcum, or aurichalcum.] A 
OR'I-GHALCH, i metallic substance resembling gold 
in color, but inferior in value ; the brass of the ancients. 
Spe fiscf* • 

O'RI-EL, or o'RI-OL, n. [Old Fr. oriol.] A small apart- 
ment next a hall, where particular persons dine ; a sort 
_ of recess. Coicel. 

O'RI-EN-CY, 72. Brightness or strength of color. [L. w.] 
O'RI-ENT, a. [L. oWens.] I. Rising, as the sun. 2. East- 
_ ern ; oriental. 3. Bright ; shining ; glittering. 

O'RI-ENT, 11 . The east ; the part of the horizon w’here the 
sun first appears in the morning. 

0-RI-ENT'AL, a. Eastern ; situated in the east. 2. Pro- 
ceeding from the east. 

0-RI-ENT'AL, 11 . A native or inhabitant of some eastern 
part of the wmrld. 

0-RI-ENT'AL-ISM, 71. An eastern mode of speech; an id- 
iom of the eastern languages. Warton. 
0-RI-ENT'AL-IST, n. 1. An inhabitant of the eastern 
parts of the world. 2. One versed in the eastern languages 
and literature. 

t O-RI-EN-TALT-TY, n. The state of being oriental. 
OR'I-FiCE, n. [Fr. ; T. orificium.] The mouth or aper- 
ture of a tube, pipe or other cavity. 

ORT-FLAMB, 77. [Fr. orifiamme.] The ancient royal stand- 
ard of France. Ainsworth. 

OR-I-GAWUM I ”• Marjoram, a genus of plants. 

ORT-GEN-ISM, ii. The doctrines or tenents of Origen. 
ORT-GEN-IST, 77. A follow'er of Origen of Alexandria. 
ORT-GIN, 77. [Fr., It. origine ; Sp. origen ; L. origo.] 1. The 
first existence or beginning of any thing. 2. Fountain ; 
source ; cause ; that from which any thing primarily pro- 
ceeds. 

0-RlGT-NAL, 77. 1. Origin; [see Origin.] 2. First copy ; 
archetype ; that from which any thing is transcribed or 
translated, or from which a likeness is made by the pen- 
cil, press or otherwise. 

0-RIGT-NAL, a. [Fr. originel •, T. originalis.] 1. First in 
order ; preceding all others. 2. Primitive ; pristine. 3. 
Having the power to originate new thoughts or combina- 
tions of thought. 

0-RlG-I-NALT-TY, 77. 1. The quality or state of being 
original. 2. The power of originating or producing new 
thoughts, or uncommon combinations of thought. 
0-RlGi-NAL-LY, adv. 1. Primarily ; from the beginning 
or origin. 2. At first; at the origin. 3. By the first au 
thor. 

O-RIGT-NAL-NESS, n. The quality or state of being orig 
inal. 

0-RlGT-NA-RY, a. [Fr. originaire.] 1. Productive ; caus 
ing existence. 2. Primitive ; original ; [little iisct/.] 
0-RlGT-NATE, 77. t. To cause to be; to bring into exist 
ence ; to produce what is new. Burke. 

O-RIG'I-NATE, V. i. To take first existence ; to have 
origin ; to be begun. 

O-RIG'I-NA-TED, pp. Brought into existence. 

O-RIG'I-N A-TING, ppr. Bringing into existence. 
O-RIG-I-Na'TION, 77. I. The act of bringing or coming 
into existence ; first production. 2. Mode of production 
or bringing into being. 

O-RTL'LON, 77. [Fr.] lr\ fortification, n rounding of earth, 
faced with a wall, raised on the shoulder of those bastions 
that have casements, to cover the cannon in the retired 
flank, and prevent their being dismounted. 

0'RI-OLE,77. a genus of birds of the order of pica. 
O-Rl'ON, 77. [Gr. wpuov.] A constellation in the southern 
hemisphere, containing seventy-eight stars. 

OR'I-SON, 77. [Fr. oraisoni li.oratio.] A prayer or sup- 
plication. Milton. 

ORK, 77. [L. orca.] A fish. 


See Synopsis, MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BULL, UNITE. — C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, | Obsolete, 


OSS 


ORT 576 


ORLE, n. In heraldry, an ordinary in the form of a fillet, 
round the shield. 

OR'LET, ) n. [Fr. ourlet ; It. orlo.'\ In architecture, a fillet 

OR'LO, J under the ovolo of a capital. 

OR'LOP, n. [D. overloop. In a ship of war, a platform of 
planks laid over the beams ip the hold, on which the 
cables are usually coiled. 

OR'NA-MENT, 71. [\j. ornamentum.'] 1. That which em- 
bellishes; something which, added to another thing, 
renders it more beautiful to the eye. — 2. In architecture, 
ornaments are sculpture or carved work. 3. Embellish- 
ment ; decoration ; additional beauty. 

OR'NA-MENT, v. t. To adorn ; to deck ; to embellish. 

OR-NA-MENT'AL, a. Serving to decorate; giving addi- 
tional beauty ; embellishing. Brown. 

OR-NA-MENT'AL-LY, ado. In such a manner as to add 
embellishment. 

OR NA-MENT-ED,pp. Decorated ; embellished; beautified. 
Shenstone. 

OR'NA-MExNT-ING, ppr. Decorating; embellishing. 

OR'NATE, a. [L. oriiatus.~\ Adorned ; decorated ; beauti- 
ful. Milton. 

OIl'xVATE-LY, ado. With decoration. Skelton. 

OR'NATE-NESS, n. State of being adorned. 

OR'NA-TUllE, 71. Decoration. [Little used.] 

OR-NIS-OOPTOS, 71. Divination by the observation of 
fowls. Bailey. 

OR-NIS'OO-PIST, 71. [Gr. opvig and cKoneoj.] One who 
views the flight of fowls in order to foretell future events 
by their manner of flight. [Little used.] 

OR-;NlTH'0-LlTE, n. A petrified bird. 

OR-NI-THO-LOG't-€AL, a. Pertaining to ornithology. 

OR-NI-THOL'O-GIST, 71. A person who is skilled in the 
natural history of fowls, who understands their form, 
structure, habits and uses ; one who describes birds. 

OR-NI-TIIOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. opvis and Aoyo?.] The sci- 
ence of fowls, which comprises a knowledge of their 
form, structure, habits and uses. 

OR-NITH'O-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. opvig and pavreia.] Au- 
gury, a species of divination by means of fowls, their 

flight, &LC. 

OR-O-LOG'I-GAL, a. Pertaining to a description of moun- 
tains. 

O-ROL'O-GIST, 'll. A describer of mountains. 

O-ROL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. opog and Xoyoj.] The science or de- 
scription of mountains. 

OR PHAN, 7J. [Gr. opi^avog It. orfano ; Fr. orphelin.] A 
child who is bereaved of father or mother, or of both. 

OR'PHAN, a. Bereaved of parents. Sidney. 

OR'PHAN-AGE, or OR'PHAN-ISM, n. The state of an or- 
phan. Sherwood. 

OR'PIIANED, a. Bereft of parents or friends. 

OR-PHA-NOT'RO-PHY, n. [Gr. opcpavog and rpo^rj.] A 
hospital for orphans. Todd. 

OR'PHE-AN, or OR'PHIG, a. Pertaining to Orpheus, the 
poet and musician. Bryant. 

OR'PHE-US, 71. A fish found in tlie Mediterranean. 

OlFPI-MENT, 77. [L. auripigmentiun.] Sulphuret of arsenic. 

OR'PINE, 71. [Fr. orpin.] A plant. 

OR'RAGH. See Orach. 

OR'RE-RY, 77. A machine so constructed as to represent, 
by the movements of its parts, the motions and phases of 
the planets in their orbits. 

OR'RIS, 71. 1. Tlie plant iris ; fleur dc Us or flag-flower. 2. 
[qu. orfrais.] A sort of gold or silver lace. 

ORT, 71. A fragment ; refuse. Shak. 

OR'TA-LON, 71. A small bird of the genus alauda. 

OR'THITE, n. [Gr. opQog.] A mineral. 

OR-THO-CER'A-TITE, n. [Gr. opQog and Tcepa?.] The 
name of certain fossil univalve shells. 

OR'THO-DOX, a. 1. Sound in the Christian faitli ; believing 
the genuine doctrines taught in the Scriptures. 2. Ac- 
cording with the doctrines of Scripture. 

t OR-THO-DOX'AL. The same as orthodox. 

OR'THO-DOX-LY, ado. With soundness of faith. Bacon. 

OR'TIIO-DOX-NESS, n. The state of being sound in the 
faith, or of according with the doctrines of Scripture. 

OR'THO-DOX-Y, n. [Gr. op0o6o^ia.] 1. Soundness of 
faith ; a belief in the genuine doctrines taught in the Scrip- 
tures. 2. Consonance to genuine Scriptural doctrines. 

OR-THO-DROMflC, a. Pertaining to orthodromy. 

ORrTlIO-DROiMHCS, 77. The art of sailing in the arc of a 
great circle, which is the shortest distance between any 
two points on the surface of the globe. 

OR'THO-DRO-MY, n. [Gr. opdog and Spoyog.] The sailing 
in a straight course, 

OR-THO-EP'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to orthoepy. 

^ OR'THO-E-PIST, 77, One who pronounces words correct- 
ly, or who is well skilled in pronunciation. 

♦ OR'THO-E-PY, 77, [Gr. op0(7£7rc7a.] The art of uttering 
words with propriety ; a correct pronunciation of words. 
JSTares, 


OR^THO-GON, n. [Gr. opdog and ywvia.] A rectangular 
figure. Peacham. 

OR-'J'HOG'O-NAL, a. Right-angled ; rectangular. 

OR-THOG'RA-PIIER, 7i. One that spells words correctly, 
according to common usage. Shak. 

OR-THO-GRAPH'IC, ( a. 1. Correctly spelled ; written 

OR-THO-GRAPH'l-CAL, | with the proper letters. 2. 
Pertaining to the spelling of words. 

OR-TliO-GRAPil'l-CAL-J_iY, ado. 1. According to the 
rules of proper spelling. 2. In the manner of orthograph- 
ic projection. 

OR-TIIOG'RA-PHY, 7i. [Gr. op0oypa0ta.] 1. The art of 
writing words with the proper letters, according to com- 
mon usage. 2. The part of grammar which treats of the 
nature and properties of letters, and of the art of writing 
words correctly. 3. The practice of spelling or writing 
words with the proper letters. — 4. In geometry, the art of 
delineating the fore-right plane or side of any object, and 
of expressing the elevations of each part. — 5. In architec- 
ture, the elevation of a building, showing all their parts 
in their true proportion. — 6. In perspettice, the fore-right 
side of any plane. — 7. In fortification, the profile or repre- 
sentation of a work in all its parts, as they would appear 
if perpendicularly cut from top to bottom. 

OR-THOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. opQog and \oyog.] The right de- 
scription of things. Fotherby. 

OR-THOM'E-TR Y, n. [Gr. opdog and fxerpov.] The art or 
practice of constructing verse correctly ; the laws of cor- 
rect versification. 

OR-THOP'NY, 77. [Gr. opdonvoia.] 1. A species of asthma 
in which respiration can be performed only in an erect 
posture. 2. Any difficulty of breathing. 

OR'TI V^E, a. [L. ortivus.] Rising, or eastern. 

OR'TO-LAN, 77 . [It. ortolano ; L. hortulanus.] A bird of 
the genus emheriia. 

ORTS, 77. Fragments ; pieces ; refuse. 

0R'VAL,_77. [Fr. orvale.] The herb clary. Diet. 

I OR-VI-e'TAN, 77. [It. orvietano.] An antidote or counter- 
poison. Bailey. 

OR-Ye-TOG-NOS'TI€, a. Pertaining to oryctognosy. 

OR-Y€-TOG'NO-SY, n. [Gr. opvKTog and yvwaig.] That 
branch of mineralogy which Jias for its object the classifi- 
cation of minerals. 

OR-Y€-TOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. opvKTog and ypaepw.] That 
part of natural history in which fossils are described. 

OR-YG-TOL'O-GY, 77. [Gr. and \oyog.] That part 

of physics which treats of fossils. 

OS GHE-O-CELE, n. [Gr. o(X')(iov and tct/Xt;.] A rupture in 
the scrotum ; scrotal hernia. 

OS'CIL-LATE, V. i. [L. oscillo.] To swing ; to move 
backward and forward ; to vflbrate. 

OS-C1L-La'TION, 77. [F. oscillatio.] Vibration ; a moving 
backward and forward, or swinging like a pendulum. 

OS'CIL-LA-TO-RY, a. iVloving backward and forward like 
a pendulum ; swinging. Arhuthnot. 

OS'CI-TAN-CY, 77. [L. oscito.] 1. The act of gaping or 
yawning. 2. Enusual sleepiness ; drowsiness; dullness, 

OS'Cl-TANT, G. 1. Yawning; gaping. 2. Sleepy; drow- 
sy ; dull ; sluggish. Decay of Piety. 

OS'CI-TANT-LY, GdT). Carelessly. More. 

0S'CI-TATE,77. i. To yawn ; to gape. Johnson, 

0S-C[-Ta'T 10N, 77. The act of yawning or gaping. 

0S-CU-LA''T10N, 77. [L. osculatio.] \n geometry, the con- 
tact between any given curve and its osculatory circle, 
that is, a circle of the same curvature with the given curve. 

OS'€U-LA-TO-RY, a. An osculatory circle, in geometry, is 
a circle having the same curvature with any curve at any 
given point. 

OS'€U-LA-TO-RY, 77. In church history, a tablet or board, 
with the picture of Christ or the virgin, &c. 

O'SJER, (o'zher) n. [Fr. OS7C7-.] A willow or water- willow, 
or the twig of the willow used in making baskets, 

OS'MA-ZOME, 77, [Gr. oapy and ^wpog.] A substance of 
an aromatic flavor, obtained from the flesh of the ox. 

OS'MI-UM, 77. [Gr. oapy.] A metal recently discovered, 
and contained in the ore of platinum. 

OS'MUxND, 77. A plant, or a genus of plants, moon wort. 

OS'NA-BURG, (oz'n-burg; n A species of coaree linen im- 
ported from Osnaburg, in Germany. 

OS'PRAY, 77. [L. ossifraga.] The sea-eagle. 

OSS, V. i. To offer ; to try ; to essay ; to set about a thing. 
JTorth of England. 

OS'SE-LET, 77. [Fr.] A hard substance growing on the 
inside of a horse’s knee, among the small bones. 

OS'SE-OUS, (osh'e-us) a. [L. osse^is.] Bony ; resembling 
bone. 

OS'SI-CLE, 77. [L, ossiculum.] A small bone. Holder. 

OS-SIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. os and/cro.] Producing or fiir- 
nishing bones. Buckland. 

OS-SIF'IC, a. [L. os and facio.] Having power to ossify 
or change carneous and membranous substances to bone. 

OS-SI-FI-€A'T10N, n. 1. The change or process of changing 


* Sep Synopsis, A, E, I, d, D, V, long, -^FAR, FALL, WHAT ;~PR6Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; 


I Obsolete, 


OTH 


OUT 


577 


from flesli or otlier matter of animal bodies into a bony 
substance. 2. Tlie formation of bones in animals. 

OS'Sl-FIED, pp. Converted into bone, or a hard substance 
like bone. 

OS'SI-FIlAOlE, n. [L. ossifraga.] The ospray or sea-ea- 
gle. 

OS'SI-FS!', V. t. [L. os and facia.] To form bone ; to 
change from a soft animal substance into bone, or convert 
into a substance of the hardness of bones. 

OS'SI-F?, V. i. To become bone ; to change from soft mat- 
ter into a substance of bony hardness. 

OS-SIV'O-ROUS, a. [L. os and voro.] Feeding on bones; 
eating bones. Vcrham. 

OS'SU-A-RY, n. [L. ossuaruLm.] A charnel house ; a 
place where the bones of the dead are deposited. 

OST, or OUST, n. A kiln for drying hops or malt. Diet. 
Eng. 

OS-TEN-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of appearing 
or being shown. 

OS-TEN SI-BLB, a. [It. ostensihile.] 1. That may be 
shown ; proper or intended to be shown. 2. Plausible ; 
colorable. 3. Appearing; seeming; shown, declared or 
avowed. 

OS-TEN'SI-BLY, adv. In appearance ; in a manner that is 
declared or pretended. Walsh. 

OS-TEN'SIVE, a. [Fr.] Showing ; exhibiting. 

OS'TENT, n. [L. ostentxLin.] 1. Appearance ; air ; man- 
ner ; mien ; \litile used.] 2. Show ; manifestation ; token ; 
[little 3. A prodigy ; a portent ; any thing omi- 

nous ; [little used.] Dryden. 

f OS'TEN-TATE, v. t. [L. ostento.] To make an ambitious 
display of ; to show or exhibit boastingly. 

OS-TEN-Ta'TION, 71. [L. ostentatio.] 1. Outward show 
or appearance. 2. Ambitious display ; vain show. 3. A 
show or spectacle 4 [oAs.] 

OS-TEN-TA'TIOUS, a. 1. Making a display from vanity ; 
boastful ; fond of presenting one’s endowments or works 
to another in an advantageous light. 2. Showy ; gaudy ; 
intended for vain display. 

OS-TEN-Ta'TIOUS-LY, adv. With vain display ; boast- 
fully. 

OS-TEN-Ta'TIOUS-NESS, n. Vain display ; vanity ; 
boastfulness. 

OS-TEN-Ta'TOR, 71. [L.] One who makes a vain show ; 
a boaster. [Little used.] Sherwood. 

OS-TENT'OUS, a. Fond of making a show. [Little used.] 
Feltham. 

OS-TE-O-COL'LA, ) n. [Gr. oariov and KoXXa.] A carbon- 

OS'TE-O-COL, I ate of lime, a fossil. 

OS'TE-0-€OPE, 71. [Gr. oareov and Kotrog.] Pain in the 
bones ; a violent fixed pain in any part of a bone. 

OS-TE-OL'O-GER, ) 71. One who describes the bones of 

OS-TE-OL'O-GIST, ( animals. 

OS-TE-0-L06'I€, \ a. Pertaining to a description of 

OS-TE-0-LOG'I-€AL, \ the bones. 

OS-TE-O-LOG'I-CAL-LY, adv. According to osteology. 

OS-TE-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. oareov and Xoyo?.] 1. A descrip- 
tion of the bones ; that part of anatomy which treats of 
the bones. 2. The system of animal bones. 

OS'TI-A-RY, 71. [L. ostium.] The mouth or opening by 
which a river discharges its waters. Brown. 

OST'LER. See Hostler. 

OST'LER-Y. See Hostlery. 

OSTkMEN, 71. plu. Eastmen ; Danish settlers in Ireland, 
so called. Lyttleton. 

OS'TRA-CISM, n. [Gr. oarpaKiapog.] 1. In Orecian an- 
tiquity.^ a method of banishment by the people of Athens. 

2. Banishment; expulsion; separation. Hamilton. 

OS'TRA-CITE, 71. [Gr. oarpaKiryg-] An oyster shell in its 

fossil state, or a stone formed in the shell. 

OS'TRA-CTZE, v. t. To banish by the popular voice. 

OS'TRICH, 71. [Fr. aiitruche.] A fowl constituting a dis- 
tinct genus, the sa-uthio, being the largest of all fowls. 
The plumage is elegant, and much used in ornamental 
and showy dress. 

OT-A-€OUS'TI€, a. [Gr. o)ra and axouw.] Assisting the 
sense of hearing. 

OT-A-COUS'Tie, I n. An instrument to facilitate hear- 

OT-A-€OUS'TI-€ON, \ i«g. Grew. 

6TIPER, a. [Sax. other ; G. oder.] 1. Not tlie same ; dif- 
ferent ; not this or these. 2. Not this, but the contrary. 

3. Noting something besides. 4. Correlative to eac/i, and 
applicable to any number of individuals. 5. Opposed to 
some. 6. The next. 7. The 4 third part. — Other is used 
as a substitute for a noun, and in this use has the plural 
number, and the sign of the possessive case. — The other 
day, at a certain time past, not distant but indefinite ; not 
long ago. 

•j oTH'ER-GaTES, adv. In another manner. 

OTH'ER-GUISE, ad«. [other and guise.] Of another kind. 
[Corruptly pronounced otherguess.] 

OxH'ER-WHERE, adv. [other and where.] In some other 
place ; or in other places. Milton. 


OTIPER-WHILE, ) adv. [other and while.] At other 

OTH'ER- WHILES, j times. 

OTH'ER-WISE, adv. [other and 7CK«fe.] I. In a different 
manner. 2. By other causes. 3. In other respects. 

OT'O-MO, 71 . A fowl of the lagopus kind. 

Ot»teR, or AT'TAR, n. The essential oil or essence of 
roses. Asiat. Res. 

OT'TER, 71. [Sax. oter, otor, or otter ; G. otter.] An amphib- 
ious quadruped that feeds on fish. 

OT^TER, 71. The name of a coloring substance. 

OT'TO-JVIAN, a. Designating something that pertains to the 
Turks or to their government. 

OT'TO-MAN, 71. A kind of couch. 

OU'BAT, or OU'BUST, n. A sort of caterpillar. Diet. 

OUCH, 71. 1. A bezil or socket in which a precious stone 
or seal is set. 2. The blow given by a boar’s tusk ; 
[ofts.] 

OUGHT. See Aught, the true orthography. 

OUGHT, (awt) v. imperfect. [This word seems to be the 
preterit tense of the original verb to owe, that is. Sax. 
agan, Goth, aigan. But ought, as used, is irregular, being 
used in all persons both in the present and past tenses.] 
1. To be held or bound in duty or moral obligation. 2. 
To be necessary ; to behoove. 3. To be fit or expedient 
in a moral view. 4. As a participle, owed ; being indebt- 
ed to ; [o6s.j Dryden. 5. In Chaucer’s time, it was used 
impersonally. 

OU'MER, 77,. [Fr. omhre.] The shade. Grose. 

OUNCE, (ouns) n. [L. uncia ; Fr. once.] 1. A weight, 
the twelfth part of a pound troy, and the sixteenth of a 
pound avoirdupois. 2. An animal of the genus felis. See 
Once. 

I OUND'ED, ) a. [Fr. onde ; L. unda.] Waving. Chau- 

t OUNDTNG, \ cer. 

I oUPH'E, (oof y) 71. [Teut. auff.] A fairy ; a goblin ; an 
elf. 

t CUPH'EN, (oofen) a. Elfish. Shale. 

OUR, a. [Sax. ure.] 1. Pertaining or belonging to us ; as, 
our country. 2. Ours, which is primarily the possessive 
case of our, is never used as an adjective, but as a substi- 
tute for the adjective and the noun to which it belongs ; 
as, your house is on a plain ; ours is on a hill. 

OU-RA-NOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ovpavog and ypaebw.] A de- 
scription of the heavens. Hist. Roy. Society. 

OUR-SELF^, pron. reciprocal, [our and 5cZ/*.] This is added 
after we and us, and sometimes is used without either for 
myself, in the regal style only ; as, we ourself will follow. 
Shak. 

OUR-SELVES^, plu. of ourself. We or us, not others; 
added to we, by way of emphasis or opposition. 

5USE, (ooz) 77. [for ooze.] Tanner’s bark. Ainsworth. 

OUS'EL, (oo'zl) 71. [Sax. osie.] The blackbird, a species of 
the genus turdus. Shak. 

OU'SEN, 71. Oxen. Grose. 

OUST, V. t. [Fr. Oter, for ouster.] 1. To take away ; to 
remove. 2. To eject ; to disseize. 

OUST'ED, pp. Taken away ; removed ; ejected. 

OUST'ER, 71. Amotion of possession ; disseizin ; dispos- 
session ; ejection. Blackstone. — Ouster le main, [ouster, 
and Fr. le main.] A delivery of lands out of the hands of 
a guardian, or out of the king’s hands ; or a judgment 
given for that purpose. Blackstone. 

OUST'ING, ppr. Taking away ; removing ; ejecting. 

OUT, adv. [Sax. ut ,* D. uit.] 1. Without ; on the outside ; 
not within ; on the exterior or beyond the limits of any 
inclosed place or given line ; opposed to in or within. 2. 
Abroad ; not at home. 3. In a state of disclosure or dis- 
covery. 4. Not concealed. 5. In a state of extinction. 
(). In a state of being exhausted. 7. In a state of destitu- 
tion. 8. Not in office or employment. 9. Abroad or from 
home, in a party, at church, in a parade, &c. 10. To the 

end. Dryden. 11. Loudly; without restraint. 12. Not 
in the hands of the owner. 13. In an error. 14. At a 
loss ; in a puzzle. 15. Uncovered ; with clothes torn. 
16. Away, so as to consume. 17. Deficient; having ex- 
pended. 18. It is used as an exclamation witli the force 
of command ; away ; begone. — Out upon you, out upon it, 
expressions of dislike or contempt. 

OUT of. In this connection, out may be considered as an 
adverb, and of as a preposition. 1. Proceeding from, as 
produce. 2. From or proceeding from a place, or the in- 
terior of a place. 3. Beyond. 4. From, noting taking or 
derivation. 5. Not in, noting extraordinary exertion. 6. 
Not in, noting exclusion, dismission, departure, absence 
or dereliction. 7. Not in, noting unfitness or improprie- 
ty. 8. Not within, noting extraordinary delay. 9. Not 
within ; abroad. 10. From, noting copy from an origi- 
nal. 11. From, noting rescue or liberation. 12. Not in, 
noting deviation, exorbitance or irregularity. 13. From, 
noting dereliction or departure. 14. From, noting loss or 
change of state. 15. Not according to, noting deviation. 
16. Beyond ; not within the limits of. 17. Noting loss or 
exhaustion. 18. Noting loss. 19. By means of. 20. In 
consequence of, noting the motive, source or reason. — Out 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BTJLIi, UNITE. — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 

37 


OUT 


578 OUT 


of hand, immediately, as that is easily used which is ready 
in the hand. — Out of print denotes tliat a book is not in 
market, or to be purchased, the copies printed having 
been all sold. 

OUT, V. t. To eject ; to expel ; to deprive by expulsion. 

OUT-A€T', V. t. To do beyond 5 to exceed in act. 

OUT-BAL'ANCE, v. t. To outweigh j to exceed in weight 
or effect. Dryden. 

OUT-BaR', V. t. To shut out by bars or fortification. 

OUT-BID', V. t. To bid more than another. Pope. 

OUT-BID'DEN \ offered. 

OUT-BID'DER,*w. One that outbids. 

OUT-BID' DING, ppr. Bidding a price beyond another. 

OUT-BLOWN', pp. Inflated j swelled with wind. 

OUT-BLUSH', V. t. To exceed in rosy color. Shipman. 

OUT'BORN, a. Foreign ; not native. [Little used.] 

OUT'BOUND, a. Destined or proceeding from a country or 
harbor to a distant country or port. 

OUT-BRaVE', V. t. 1. To bear down by more daring or 
insolent conduct. 2. To exceed in splendid appear- 
ance. 

OUT-BRAZ'EN, v. t. To bear down with a brazen face or 
impudence. 

OUT'BREaK, n. A bursting forth ; eruption. Shak. 

OUT'BREaK-ING, n. That which bursts forth. 

OUT-BReATHE', V. t. 1. To v/eary by having better 
breath. Shak. 2. To expire. Spenser. 

OUT-BUD', u. i. To sprout forth. Spenser. 

OUT-BUILD', (out-bild') v. t. To exceed in building, or in 
durability of building. 

OUT-BURN', V. t. To exceed in burning or flaming. 

OUT-CANT', V. t. To surpass in canting. Pope. 

OUT'CAST, pp. or a. Cast out ; thrown away j rejected 
as useless. Spenser. 

OUT'CAST, n. One who is cast out or expelled ; an exile ; 
one driven from home or country. Is. xvj. 

f OUT-CEPT', for except. B. Jonson. 

OUT-CLIMB', V. t. To climb beyond. D&vcnant. 

OUT-C6M'PASS, V. t. To exceed due bounds. 

OUT-CRAFT', V. t. To exceed in cunning. Shak. 

OUT'CR'?, n. 1. A vehement or loud cry ; cry of distress. 
2. Clamor; noisy opposition or detestation. 3. Sale at 
public auction. Jiinsworth. 

OUT-DARE', V. t. To dare or venture beyond. Shak. 

fOUT-DATE', V. t. To antiquate. Hammond. 

OUT DO', V. t.,* pret. outdid ,• pp. outdone. To excel ; to sur- 
pass ; to perform beyond another. Swift. 

OUT-DO'ING, ppr. Excelling ; surpassing in performance. 

OUT-DO'ING, n. Excess in performance. Pope. 

OUT-DONE', pp. of outdo. 

OUT-DRINK', V. t. To exceed in drinking. Donne. 

OUT-DWELL', V. t. To dwell or stay beyond. Shak. 

OUT'ER, a. [comp, of ouU] Being on the outside ; external ; 
opposed to inner. 

■f OUT'ER, w. Dispossession. Clayton. 

OUT'ER-LY, ado. Towards the outside. Grew. 

OUT'ER-MoST, a. [superl. from outer.] Being on the ex- 
treme external part ; remotest from the midst. 

OUT-FACE', V. t. To brave ; to bear down with an impos- 
ing front or with impudence ; to stare down. 

OUT'F ALL, n. A fall of w’ater ; a canal. 

OUT-FAWN', V. t. To exceed in fawning or adulation. 

OUT-FeAST', V. t. To exceed in feasting. Taylor. 

t OUT-FeAT', V. t. To surpass in action or exploit. 

OUT'FIT, n. A fitting out, as of a ship for a voyage ; usu- 
ally in the plural, outfits, the expenses of equipping and 
furnishing a ship for a voyage. 

OUT-FLANK', v. t. To extend the flank of one army be- 
yond that of another. 

OUT-FLY', V. t. To fly faster than another ; to advance be- 
fore in flight or progress. Garth. 

OUT-FOOL', V. i. To exceed in folly. Young. 

OUT'FORM, n. External appearance. B. Jonson. 

OUT-FROWN', V. t. To frown down ; to overbear by 
frowning. Shak. 

OUT'GATE, n. An outlet ; a passage outward. 

UUT-GEN'ER-AL, v. t. To exceed in generalsliip ; to 
gain advantage over by superior military skill. Chester- 
field. 

OUT-GIVE', (out-giv') v. t. To surpass in giving. Dryden. 

OUT-Go', V. t. 1. To go beyond ; to advance before in go- 
ing ; to go faster. 2. To surpass ; to excel. 3. To cir- 
cumvent; to overreach. 

OUT-Go'ING, ppr. Going beyond. 

GUT'GO-ING, n. 1. The act of going out. 2. The state of 
going out. Ps. Ixv. 3. Utmost border; extreme limit. 
Josh. xvii. 

OUT-GRTN', V. t. To surpass in grinning. .Addison. 

OUT-GRoW', -y. f. 1. To surpass in growth. 2. To grow 
too great or too old for any thing. 

OUT-GRoWN', pp. of outgrow. 

OUT'GUARD, n. A guard at a distance from the main 
body of an army ; or a guard at the farthest distance. 


OUT-HER'OD, T. t. To surpass in enormity, absurdity or 
cruelty. Beddoes. 

OUT'HOUSE, n. A small house or building at a little dis- 
tance from the main house. 

OUT'ING, n. 1. A going from home. Cheshire dialect. 2. 
An airing. Craven dialect. 

OUT-JES'l’', V. t. To overpower by jesting. Shak. 

OUT-JUG'GLE, V. t. To surpass in juggling. Hall. 

OUT-KNAVE', (out-nave') v. t. To surpass in knavery. 

I OUT'LAND, a. [Sax. %itlande.] Foreign. Strutt. 

t OUT'LAND-ER, n. A foreigner ; not a native. Wood. 

OUT-LAND'iSH, a. [Sax. utlcendisc ; out and land.] 1. 
Foreign ; not native. 2. Born or produced in the interior 
country, or among rude people ; hence, vulgar ; rustic ; 
rude ; clownish. 

OUT-LAST',^, t. To last longer than something else; to 
exceed in duration. Bacon. 

OUT'LAW, n. [Sax. utlaga ; out and laio.] A pexson ex- 
cluded from the benefit of the law, or deprived of its pro- 
tection. 

OUT'LAW, V. t. [Sax. utlagian.] To deprive of the bene- 
fit and protection of law ; to proscribe. 

OUT'LAWED, pp. Excluded from the benefit of law. 

OUT'LAW-ING, ppr. Depriving of the benefit of law. 

OUT'LAW-RY, 71. The putting a man out of the protection 
of law, or the process by which a man is deprived of that 
protection. Blackstonc. 

OUT LAY, n. A laying out or expending ; expenditure. - 

OUT-LeAP', V. t. To leap beyond ; to pass by leaping. 

OUT'LiiAP, 77. Sally; flight; escape. Locke. 

OUT LET, n. Passage outward ; tlie place or the means by 
which any thing escapes or is discharged. 

OUT'LICK-ER, 71. In ships, a small piece of timber fasten- 
ed to the top of the poop. 

OUT-LIE', V. t. To exceed in lying. Hall. 

OUT'LI-ER, 71. One who does not reside in the place with 
which his office or duty connects him. 

OUT'LINE, n. 1. Contour; the line by which a figure 
is defined ; the exterior line. 2. The first sketch of a 
figure. 3. First general sketch of any scheme or design. 

OUT'LINE, V. t. To draw the exterior line ; to delineate ; 
t-0 slc0tcli 

OUT-LIVE', (out-liv') v. t. 1. To live beyond ; to survive ; 
to live after something has ceased. Dryden. 2. To live 
better or to better purpose. Scott. 

OUT-LIV'ER, n. A survivor. 

OUT-LOOK', V. t. 1. To face down ; to browbeat. 2. To 
sci0ct ’ ro&5#i 

OUT'LOOK, 71. Vigilant watch ; foresight. Young. 

t OUT'LOPE, 71. An excursion. Florio. 

OUT^ uI'TEr’ j brightness. Shak. 

OUT-LY'ING, a. 1. Lying or being at a distance from the 
main body or design. 2. Being on the exterior or fron- 
tier. 

OUT-MARCH', V. t. To march faster than ; to march so as 
to leave behind. Clarendon. 

OUT-MEAS'URE, (out-mezh'ur) v. t. To exceed in meas- 
ure or extent. Broion. 

OUT'MoST, a. Farthest outward; most remote from the 
middle. Milton. 

t OUT-NAME', V. t. To exceed in naming or describing. 

OUT-NUM'BER, V. t. To exceed in number. 

OUT-PACE', V. t. To outgo ; to leave behind. Chapman. 

OUT-PAR'A-MCUR, v. t. To exceed in keeping mistress- 
es. Shak. 

OUT'PAR-ISH, n. A parish lying without the walls, or on 
the border. Graunt. 

OUT'PART, 71. A part remote from the centre or main part. 
Aylife. 

OUT-PASS', V. t. To pass beyond ; to exceed in progress. 

OUT-POISE', (out-poiz') v. t' To outweigh. Howell. 

OUT'PoRCH, 77. An entrance. Milton. 

OUT'PoRT, n. A port at some distance from the city of 
London. Ash. 

OUT'PoST, 71. 1. A post or station without the limits of a 
camp, or at a distance from the main body of an army. 
2. The troops placed at such a station. 

OUT-PoUR', V. t. 1. To pour out ; to send forth in a stream. 
Milton. 2. To effuse. 

OUT'P6UR-ING, n. A pouring out ; effusion. Milner. 

OUT-PRAY', V. t. To exceed in prayer or in earnestness of 
entreaty. Scott. 

OUT-PRkACH', V. t. To surpass in preaching ; to produce 
more effect in inculcating lessons or truth. J. Trumbull. 

OUT-PRIZE', V. t. To exceed in value or estimated worth. 

OUT'RAOE, V. t. [Fr. outrager.] To treat with violence 
and wrong ; to abuse by rude or insolent language ; to in- 
jure by rough, rude treatment of any kind. 

OUT'RAGE, V. i. To commit exorbitances ; to be guilty of 
violent rudeness. Ascham. 

OUT'RAGE, 77. [Fr.] Injurious violence offered to persons 
or things ; excessive abuse ; wanton mischief. 

OUT-RA'GEOUS, a. [It. oltraggioso Fr. outrageux.] 1, 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, le/7^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PR£Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete. 


OUT 


579 


OVE 


Violent ; furious : exorbitant j exceeding all bounds of 
moderation. 2. Excessive ; exceeding reason or decen- 
cy. 3. Enormous j atrocious. 4. Tumultuous j turbu- 
lent. 

OUT-Ra^OEOUS-LY, adv. With great violence ; furious- 
ly ; excessively. South. 

OUT-Ra'OEOUS-NESS, n. Fury; violence; enormity. 

OUT-RaZE', V. t. To raze to extermination. Sandijs. 

OU-TRE', (oo-tri') a. [Fr.] Being out of the common course 
or liinUs ; extravagant. Oeddes. 

OUT-ReACH', V. t. To go or extend beyond. Brown. 

OUT-ReA'$ON, V. t. To excel or surpass in reasoning. 

OUT-RE€K'ON, v. t. To exceed in assumed computation. 

OUT-REIGN', (out-rine') v. t. To reign through the whole 
of. 

OUT-RIDE', V. t. To pass by riding ; to ride faster than. 
Hall. 

OUT-RIDE', V. i. To travel about on horseback, or in a ve- 
hicle. Addison. 

OUT'RID-ER, n. 1. A summoner whose office is to cite 
men before the sheriff ; [o&s.j 2. One who travels about 
on horseback. 3. An attending servant. 

OUT'RIG-GER, n. In seamen^s language^ a strong beam 
fixed on the side of a ship, and projecting from it, in order 
to secure the masts in the operation of careening. 

OUT'RIGHT, ado. 1. Immediately ; without delay ; at 
once. Arbuthnot. 2. Completely. Addison. 

OUT-RPVAL, V. t. To surpass in excellence. Addison. 

OUT-RoAR', V. t. To exceed in roaring. Shak. 

OUT'RODE, n. An excursion. 1 JSIacc. xv. 

OUT-ROOT', V. t. To eradicate ; to extirpate. Rowe. 

OUT-RUN', V. t. 1. To exceed in ranning ; to leave behind 
in running. Dryden. 2. To exceed. 

OUT-SAIL', V. t. To sail faster than ; to leave behind in 
sailing. Broome. 

t OUT-SCAPE', 71. Power of escaping. Chapman. 

OUT-SCORN', V. t. To bear down or confront by con- 
tempt ; to despise. 

OUT-SCOUR'INGS, n. [out and 5co«7\] Substances wash- 
ed or scoured out. Buckland. 

OUT-SELL', V. t. 1. To exceed in amount of sales. 2. 
To exceed in the prices of things sold. 3. To gain a high- 
er price. 

OUT'SET, TO. Beginning ; first entrance on any business. 
Smith. 

OUT-SHINE', V. t. 1. To send forth brightness or lustre. 
2. To excel in lustre or excellence. Addison. 

OUT-SHOOT', V. t. 1. To exceed in shooting. Dryden. 2. 
To shoot beyond. J^Torris. 

OUT-SHUT', V. t. To shut out or exclude. Donne. 

OUT-SiDE', n. 1. The external part of a thing ; the part, 
end or side which forms the surface or superficies. 2. 
Superficial appearance ; exterior. 3. Person ; external 
man. 4. The part or place that lies without or beyond 
an inclosure. 5. The utmost. 

t OUT-SIN', V. t. To sin beyond. Killingheck. 

OUT-SIT', V. t. To sit beyond the time of any thing. 

OUT-SKIP', V. t. To avoid by flight. B. .Tonson. 

OU7’'SKiRT, n. Border ; outpost ; suburb. Clarendon. 

OUT-SLEEP', V. t. To sleep beyond. Shak. 

OUT-SoAR', V. t. To soar beyond. Oov. of the Tongue. 

OUT-SOUND', V. t. To surpass in sound. Hammond. 

OUT-SPeAK', V. t. To speak something beyond ; to exceed. 
Shak. 

OUT-SPoRT', V. t. To sport beyond ; to outdo in sporting. 

OUT-SPREAD', V. t. To extend ; to spread ; to diffuse. 

OUT-STAND', V. t. 1. To resist effectually ; to withstand ; 
to sustain without yielding ; [1. w.] Woodward. 2. To 
stand beyond the proper time. Shak. 

OUT-STAND', V. i. To project outwards from the main 
body. 

OUT-STAND'ING, ppr. 1. Resisting effectually; [L «.] 
2. Projecting outward. 3. Not collected ; unpaid. Ham- 
ilton. 

OUT-STARE', V. t. To face down ; to browbeat ; to out- 
face with effrontery. Shak. 

OUT-STEP', V. t. To step or go beyond ; to exceed. 

OUT-STORM', V. t. To overbear by storming. J. Barloio. 

OUT'STREET, to. A street in the extremities of a towm. 

OUT-STRETCH', v. t. To extend ; to stretch or spread out ; 
to expand. Milton. 

OUT-STRTDE', v. t. To surpass in striding. B. Jonson. 

OUT-STRIF', V. t. To outgo ; to outrun ; to advance be- 
yond. 

OUT-SWEAR', V. t. To exceed in swearing ; to overpower 
by sw'earing. Shak. 

OUT-SWEET'EN, v. t. To exceed in sweetness. Shak. 

OUT-SWELL', V. t. To overflow ; to exceed in swelling. 

t OUT-TAKE', prep. Except. Gower. 

OUT-TALK', (out-tawk') v. t. To overpower by talking ; to 
exceed in talking. Shak. 

OUT-THRoW', V. t. To throw out or beyond. Swift. 

OUT-ToNGUE', (out-tung') v. t. To bear down by talk, 
clamor or noise. Shak. 


t OUT-TOP', V. t. To overtop. Williams. 

OUT-VAL'UE, V. t. To exceed in price or value. Boyle. 
OUT-VEN'OM, V. t. To exceed in poison. Shak. 
OUT-VIE', V. t. To exceed ; to surpass. Addison. 
OUT-VIL'LAIN, V. t. To exceed in villainy. Shak. 
t OUT-yOICE', V. t. To exceed in roaring or clamor. 
OUT-VoTE', V. t. To exceed in the number of votes given ; 

to defeat by plurality of suffrages. South. 

OUT-WALK', (out-wawk') v. t. 1. To walk faster than ; 
to leave behind in walking. 2. To exceed the walking 
of a spectre. 

OUT'WALL, TO. 1. The exterior wall of a building or for- 
tress. * 2. Superficial appearance. Shak. 

OUT'WARD, a. [Sax. utweard^ or uteweard.'\ 1. Exter- 
nal ; exterior ; forming the superficial part. 2. External ; 
visible ; opposed to inward. 3. Extrinsic ; adventitious. 
4. Foreign ; not intestine ; as an outward war ; 5. 

Tending to the exterior part. — 6. In Scripture^ civil ; pub- 
lic. 1 Chron. xxvi. — 7. In theology ^ carnal ; fleshly ; cor- 
poreal ; not spiritual. 

OUT'WARD, TO. External form. Shak. 

OUT'WARD, or OUT'WARDS, ado. 1. To the outer 
parts ; tending or directed towards the exterior. 2. From 
a port or country. 

OUT' WARD-BOUND', a. Proceeding from a port or 
country. 

OUT'WARD-LY, adv. 1. Externally; opposed to inwardly , 
2. In appearance ; not sincerely. 

OUT-WASH', V. t. To wash out; to cleanse from. [L. to.] 
OUT- WATCH', V. t. To surpass in watching. B. Jonson. 
OUT-WEAR', V. t. 1. To wear out ; [o&5.] 2. To pass 
tediously to the end. 3. To last longer than something 
else. 

OUT-WEED', V. t. To weed out; to extirpate. 
OUT-WEEP', V. t. To exceed in weeping. Dryden. 
OUT-WEIGH', (out-w3.') v. t. 1. To exceed in weight. 2. 

To exceed in value, influence or importance, 
t OUT-WELL', V. t. or i. To pour out. Spenser. 
OUT-WENT', pret. of outgo. 

OUT-WH5RE', V. t. To exceed in lewdness. Pope, 
f OUT-WIN', V. t. To get out of. Spenser. 

OUT-WIND', V. t. To extricate by winding ; to unloose. 
OUT-WING', V. t. To move faster on the wing; to out- 
strip. Garth. 

OUT-WIT', V. t. To surpass in design or stratagem ; to 
overreach ; to defeat by superior ingenuity. 

OUT'WORK, TO. The part of a fortification most remote 
from tlie main fortress or citadel. Bacon. 

OUT-WoRN', pp. Worn out ; consumed by use. 
OUT-WORTH', V. t. To exceed in value. Shak. 

OUT- WREST', (out-rest') v. t. To extort ; to draw from 
or forth by violence. Spenser. 

OUT-WRiTE', (out-rite') v. t. To surpass in writing. 
OUT-WROUGHT', (out-rawt') pp. Outdone ; exceeded in 
act or efficacy. 

OUT-ZA'NY, V. t. To exceed in buffoonery. 

O'VAL, a. [Fr. ovale ,* L. ovum.'\ ]. Of the shape or figure 
of an egg ; oblong ; cunilinear ; resembling the longitu- 
dinal section of an egg. It is sometimes synonymous 
with elliptical. 2. Pertaining to eggs ; done in the egg. 
O'VAL, 71. A body or figure in the shape of an egg. Watts. 
O-VA'RI-OUS, a. Consisting of eggs. Thomson. 

O'VA-RY, to. [Fr. ovaire ; L. ovarium.] Tlie part of a fe- 
male animal m which the eggs are formed or lodged ; or 
the part in which the fetus is supposed to be formed. 
o'VATF } 

&VA-TED ! Egg-shaped, 

O'VATE-LAN'CE-O-LATE, a. Having something of the 
form of an egg and a lance, inclining to the latter. 
O'VATE-SUB'U-LATE, a. Having sometliing of the form 
of an egg and an awl. 

O-VA'TION, n. [L. ovatio.] In Roman antiquity, a lesser 
triumph. 

O'VA-TO-OB'LONG, a. Oblong in the shape of an egg, or 
with the end lengthened. Marty n. 

6V'EN, (uv'n) TO. [Sax., G. ofen ; D. oven ; Dan. ovn.] An 
arch of brick or stone work, for baking bread and other 
things for food. 

O'VER, prep. [Sax. ober, ofer ,* Goth, vfar ; G. ilber ; D., 
Dan. over.] 1. Across; from side to side. 2. Above in 
place or position ; opposed to below. 3. Above, denoting 
superiority in excellence, dignity or value. 4. Above in 
authority, implying the right or power of superintending 
or governing ; opposed to under. 5. Upon the surface or 
wliole surface ; through the whole extent. 6. Upon. 7. 
During the whole time ; from beginning to end. 8. Above 
the top ; covering ; immersing. — Over, in poetry, is often 
contracted into o’er. 

O'VER, adv. 1. From side to side ; as, a board a foot over. 
2. On the opposite side. 3. From one to another by 
passing. 4. From one country to another by passing. 5. 
On the surface. 6. Above the top, 7. More than the 
quantity assigned ; beyond a limit. 8. Tliroughout ; from 
beginning to end ; completely. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


OVE 


580 


OVE 


OvBT and ovcr^ repeatedly ; once and again. Ilarte. — Over 
again^ once more ; with repetition. Dryden. — Over and 
abovcj besides ; beyond what is supposed or limited. — 
Over against^ opposite ; in front. Jiddison. — Over is used 
with rolling or turning from side to side ; as, to turn over. 
— To give over. 1. To cease from. 2. To consider as in 
a hopeless state. — Over, in composition, denotes spreading, 
covering above, as in overcast, overflow ; or across, asj to 
overhear ; or above, as, to overhang •, or turning, changing 
sides, as in overturn ; or, more generally, beyond, imply- 
ing excess or superiority, as in overact, overcome. 
t O'VER, V. t. To get over. Pegge. 

O'VEll, a. 1. Past. 2. Upper j covering. 
O-VER-A-BOUND', v. i. To abound more than enough j to 
be superabundant. Pope. 
r>-VER-ACT', V. t. To act or perform to excess. 
5-VER-AUT', V. i. To act more than is necessary. 
O-VER-AO'I-TATE, v. t. To agitate or discuss beyond 
what is expedient. Hall. 

O'VER-ALLS?, 71. A kind of trowsers. 

O-VER-ANX'IOUS, a. Anxious to excess. 

O-VER-ARCH', V. t. To arch over; to cover with an arch. 
O-VER-AWE', (o-ver-aw') v. t. To restrain by awe, fear or 
superior influence. Spenser. 

(5-VER-BAL'ANCE, v. t. To weigh down; to exceed in 
weight, value or importance. 

(^-VER-BAL'ANCE, n. Excess of weight or value ; some- 
thing more than an equivalent. Locke. 
f O-VER-BAT'TLE, a. Too fruitful ; exuberant. 
0-VER-BEAR', V. t. To bear down ; to repress ; to subdue. 
C-VER-BEaRTNG, ppr. 1. Bearing down ; repressing. 
2. a. Haughty and dogmatical ; disposed or tending to 
repress or subdue by insolence or eftrontery. 
O-VER-BENU', V. t. To bend or stretch to excess. 
O-VER-BID', V. t. 1. To bid or offer beyond. 2. To bid or 
offer more than an equivalent. 

O-VER-BLoW', V. i. 1. To blow with too much violence; 
a seaman’s phrase. 2. To blow over, or be past its vio- 
lence ; [ 065.1 

O-VER-BLoVv', V. t. To blow away ; to dissipate by wind. 
O-VER-BLoWN', pp. Blown by and gone; blown away; 
driven tw ; past. Dryden. 

O-VER-BoARD', ado. [over, and Fr. lord.'] Out of a ship 
or from on board ; as, to fall overboard. 

O-VER-BROW', V. t. To hang over. Collins. 
O-VER-BUILT', (o-ver-bilfl) pp. Built over. Milton. 
t O-VER-BULK', V. t. To oppress by bulk. Shale. 
O-VER-BUR'DEN, v. t. To load with too great weight, 
O-VER-BUR'DENED, pp. Overloaded. 

O-VER-BURN', V. t. To burn too much. Mortimer. 
O-VER-BUS'Y, (o-ver-biz'zy) a. Too busy ; officious. 
O-VER-BUY', V. t. To buy at too dear a rate. Dryden. 
O-VER-€AN'0-PY, v. t. To cover as with a canopy. 
O-VER-OARE', n. Excessive care or anxiety. Dryden. 
0-VER-€ARE'FUL, a. Careful to excess. 
0 -VER-€ARfllY, v. t. To carry too far; to carry or urge 
beyond the proper point. Hayward. 

(5-VER-CAST', V. t. 1. To cloud ; to darken ; to cover 
with gloom. 2. To cast or compute at too high a rate ; to 
rate too high. 3. To sew over. 

O-VER-CAST', pp. Clouded ; overspread with clouds or 
gloom. 

d-VER-€AU'TIOUS, a. Cautious or prudent to excess. 
d-VER-CHARGE', v. t. 1. To charge or load to excess ; to 
cloy ; to oppress. 2. To crowd too much. 3. To burden. 
4. To fill to excess ; to surcharge. 5. To load with too 
great a charge. 6. To charge too much ; to enter in an 
account more than is just. 

d'VER-CIIARGE, n. 1. An excessive load or burden. 2. 
A charge in an account of more than is just. 3. A charge 
beyond what is proper. 

d-VER-CEIAIB', V. t. To climb over. Surrey. 
d-VER-CLOUD', V. t. To cover or overspread with clouds. 
O-VEff-CLOY', V. t. To fill beyond satiety. Shaki 
0 -VER-€dLD', a. Cold to excess. Wiseinan. 
0 -VER-C 6 ME', V. t. i. To conquer ; to vanquish ; to sub- 
due. 2 . To surmount; to get the better of. 3. To over- 
flow ; to surcharge ; [ 065 .] 4. To come upon ; to in- 
vade ; [ 065 .] 

d-VER-C6ME', V. i. To gain the superiority ; to be victo- 
rious. 

d-VER-C 6 M'ER, n. One who vanquishes or surmounts. 
0 -VER-G 6 M'JNG-LY, ado. With superiority. More. 
d-VER-CON'FI-DENCE, n. Excessive confidence. 
d-VER-CORN', V. t. To corn to excess. Addison. 
d-VER-COUNT', v. t. To rate above the true value. Shak. 
d-VEll-€ 6 V'ER, V. t. To cover completely. Shak. 
d-VER-CREDTJ-LOUS, a. Too apt to believe. Shak. 
t d-VER-CRdW/ V. t. To crow as in triumph. Spenser. 
d-VER-€u'RI-OUS, a. Curious or nice to excess. Bacon. 
d-VER-DATE', V. t. To date beyond the proper period, 
t d-VER-DTGHT', a. Covered over. Spenser. 
O-VER-DTL'T-GENT, a. Diligent to excess. 

O-VER-DC', V. t. 1. To do or perform too much. 2. To 


harass ; to fatigue ; to oppress by too much action or labor. 
3. To boil, bake or roast too much. 
d-VER-Dd', V. i. To labor too hard ; to do too much. 
d-VER-D6NE', pp. ]. Overacted ; acted to excess. 2. 
Wearied or oppressed by too much labor. 3. Boiled, 
baked or roasted too much. 
eWER-DOSE, 71. Too great a dose. 
d-VER-DRAW',r. t. To draw beyond the proper limits. 
d-VER-DRESS', V. t. To dress to excess. 
d-VER-DRINK', v. t. To drink to excess. 

O-VER-DRiVE', V. t. To drive too hard, or beyond strength. 
d-VER-DRY', V. t. To dry too much. Burton. 
O-VER-eAG'ER, a. Too eager ; too vehement in desire. 
6 -VER-eAG'ER-LY, ado. With excessive eagerness. 
d-VER-EAG'ER-NESS, 7t. Excess of earnestness. 
O-VER-eAT', V. t. To eat to excess. 
d-VER-EL'E-GAJN'T, a. Elegant to excess. Johnson. 
d-VER-EMP'TY, V. t. To make too empty. Careic. 
d-VER-EY'E', v.t. 1. To superintend ; to inspect; [Z. 7t.] 
2. To observe ; to remark. Shak. 
d'VER-FALL, n. A cataract ; the fall of a river. Raleigh. 
d-VER-FA-TfGUE', (o-ver-fa-teeg') n. Excessive fatigue. 
d-VER-FA-TlGUE', (o-ver-fa-teeg') v. t. To fatigue to 
_ excess. 

O-VER-FEED', v. t. To feed to excess. Dryden. 
d-VER-FILL', V. t. To fill to excess ; to surcharge. Dryden 
d-VER-FLoAT', V. t. To overflow ; to inundate. Dryden. 
d-VER-FLdUR'ISH, (o-ver-flur'ish) v. t. To make exces- 
sive display or flourish. Collier. 
d-VER-FLdW', V. t. 1. To spread over, as water; to in- 
undate ; to cover with water or other fluid. 2. To fill 
beyond the brim. 3. To deluge ; to overwhelm ; to cover, 
as with numbers. 

d-VER-FLdW', v.i. 1. To run over; to swell and run 
over tlie brim or banks. 2. To be abundant ; to abound ; 
_ to exuberate. 

O'VER-FLdW, n. An inundation ; superabundance. 
d-VER-FLoW'ING, ppr. Spreading over, as a fluid ; inun- 
dating ; running over the brim or banks. 
d-VER-FLdW'ING, a. Abundant ; copious ; exuberant. 
d-VER-FLoW'ING, n. Exuberance ; copiousness. 
d-VER-FLoWTNG-LY, ado. Exuberantly; in great abun- 
dance. Boyle. 

d-VER-FLUSlR, V. t. To flush to excess. 
d-VER-FLUSH'ED, (o-ver-flusht') pp. 1. Flushed to ex- 
cess ; reddened to excess. 2. Elated to excess. Addison. 
d-VER-FLY', V. t. To pass over or cross by flight. Dryden. 
d-VER-FOR'WARD, a. Forward to excess. 
d-VER-FOR'WARD-NESS, a. Too great forwardness or 
readiness ; officiousness. Hale. 
d-VER-FREIGHT', (o-ver-frate') v. t. To load too heavily ; 

to fill with too great quantity or numbers. 
d-VER-FRuIT'FUL, a. Too rich ; producing superabun- 
dant crops. Dryden. 

t^O-VER-GET', V. t. To reach ; to overtake. Sidney. 
O-VER-GILD', V. t. To gild over ; to varnish. 
d-VER-GiRD', V. t. To gird or bind too closely. 
d-VER-GLANCE', v. t. To glance over ; to run over with 
_ the eye. Shak. 

O-VER-Gd', V. t. 1. To exceed ; to surpass. 2. To cover ; 
[065.] 

d-VER-GONE', pp. Injured ; ruined. Shak. 
O-VER-GORGE', (o-ver-gorj') v. t. To gorge to excess. 
d-A"ER-GRASS'ED, (o-ver-griist') pp. Overstocked with 
grass; overgrown with grass. Spenser. 
d-VER-GREAT', a. Too great. Locke. 

O-VER-GRdW', V. t. 1. To cover with growth or herbage. 
_ 2. To grow beyond ; to rise above. Mortimer. 
O-VER-GRdW', V. i. To grow beyond the fit or natural 
size. 

d-VER-GRdWTH', n. Exuberant or excessive growth. 
d-VER-HALE^ See Overhaul. 

d-VER-HAN'DLE, v. t. To handle too much ; to mention 
too often. Shak. 

d-VER-HANG', v.t. 1. To impend or hang over. 2. To 
jut or project over. Milton. 
d-VER-HANG', v.i. To jut over. Milton. 
d-VER-HARD'EN, v. t. To harden too much ; to make too 
hard. Boyle. 

d-VER-IIASTT-EY, ado. In too much haste. Hales. 
d-VER-HAST'I-NESS, n. Too much haste; precipitation. 
d-VER-HAST'Y, a. Too hasty ; precipitate. Hammond. 
d-VER-HAUL', V. t. 1. To spread over. 2.“To turn over 
for examination ; to separate and inspect. 3. To draw 
over. 4. To examine again. 5. To gain upon in a chase ; 
to overtake. 

d-VER-HEAD', (o-ver-hed ) ado. Aloft ; above ; in the 
zenith or ceiling. Milton. 

d-VER-IlEAR', V. t. To hear by accident ; to hear what is 
not addressed to the hearer, or not intended to be heard 
by him. 

d-VER-HEARD', pp. Heard by accident. 
d-A^ER-HEAT', V. t. To heat to excess. Addison. 
f d-A"ER-HELE', V. t. To cover over. B. .lonson. 


See SyropJs. A, E, I, d, U, Y, FAR, FALL, VATIAT PR£Y ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD 


j Obsjltce. 


OVE 


581 


OVE 


t 5-VER-HEND', v. t. To overtake. Spenser, 

O-VER-JOY', V. t. To give great joy to 5 to transport with 
gladness. . Taylor. 

O'VER-JOY, 71. Joy to excess; transport. 

O-VER-La'BOR, V. t. 1. To harass with toil. Dryden. 2. 

I'o execute with too much care. 

O-VER-LaDE', V. t. To load with too great a cargo or other 
burden. 

o-VER-La'DEN, pp. Overburdened ; loaded to excess. 
O-VER-LaID', pp. Oppressed with weight ; smothered ; 
_ covered over. 

O-VER-LARGE', a. Too large; too great. Collier.^ 
O-VER-LARGE'NESS, n. Excess of size. 

O-VER-LASH', v.i. 1. To exaggerate ; [little used.'] Bar- 
row. 2. To proceed to excess ; [little jtserf.] Boyle. 
f O-VER-LASIEING-LY, adv. With exaggeration. Brere- 
_ icood. 

O-VER-LaY/, V. t. 1. To lay too much upon ; to oppress 
with incumbent weight. 2. To cover or spread over the 
surface. 3. To smother with close covering. 4. To 
overwhelm ; to smother. 5. To cloud ; to overcast. 6. To 
_ cover ; to join two opposite sides by a cover 
O-VER-LaY'ING, n. A superficial covering. Ea:. xxxviii. 
O-VER-LeAP', V. t. To leap over ; to pass or move from 
side to side by leaping. Dryden. 

O'V^ER-LEATII-ER, ) 11 . The leather which forms the 
O'VER-LETH-ER, I upper part of a shoe; that which 
is over the foot. [With us, this is called upper leather.] 
O-VER-LEAV'EN, (o-ver-lev'n) v. t. 1. 'J’o leaven too 
much ; to cause to rise and swell too mucli. 2. To mix 
too much with ; to corrupt. 

0 -VER-L£B'ER-AL, a. Too liberal ; too free ; abundant to 
excess. Bacon. 

OWER-LIGHT', n. Too strong a light. Bacon. 
t O'VER-LI-NESS, n. Carelessness ; superficialness. Wa- 
terhouse. 

O-VER-LiVE', (o-ver-liv') v. t. To outlive ; to live longer 
than another; to survive. Sidney. 

O-VER-LlVE', (o-ver-liv') v.i. To live too long. Milton. 
O-VER-LIV'ER, n. One that lives longest; a survivor. 
Bacon. 

O-VER-LoAD', V. t. To load with too heavy a burden or 
cargo ; to fill to excess. 

O-VER-LONG', a. Too long. Boyle. 

O-VER-LOOK', V. t. 1. To view from a higher place. 2. 
To stand in a more elevated place, or to rise so high as to 
afford the means of looking down on. 3. To see from 
behind or over the shoulder of another; to see from a 
higher position. 4. To view fully ; to peruse. 5. To 
inspect ; to superintend ; to oversee ; implying care and 
watchfulness. 6 . To review ; to examine a second time 
or with care. 7. To pass by indulgently ; to excuse ; not 
to punish or censure. 8 . To neglect ; to slight. 
O-VER-LOOK'ER. n. One that overlooks. 
o-VER-LOOP', now written orlop ^ which see. 
0 -VER-L 6 VE', v.t. To love to excess ; to prize or value 
too much. Hall. 

f oWER-LY, a. [Sax. oferlice.] Careless ; negligent ; in- 
attentive. Hall. 

O-VER-MAST^, V. t. To furnish with a mast or with masts 
_ that are too long or too heavy for the weight of keel. 
O-VER-MAST'ED, pp. Having masts too long or too heavy 
for the ship. Mar. Diet. 

O-VER-xMAST'ER, v.t. To overpower; to subdue; to 
_ vanquish ; to govern. Milton. 

07 VER-IVL\TCH', V. t. To be too powerful for; to conquer; 
_ to subdue ; to oppress by superior force. 

O-VER-MATCfP, 71. One superior in power ; one able to 
_ overcome. Milton. 

0 -VER-MEx\S'URE, (o-ver-mezh'ur) v. t. To measure or 
_ estimate too largely. Bacon. 

O-VER-MEAS'URE, (o-ver-mezlPur) n. Excess of meas- 
ure ; something that exceeds the measure proposed, 
f O-VER-MIC'KLE, a. [Sax. ofcrmicel.] Overmuch. 
Creech. 

O-VER-MIX', V. t. To mix with too much. Creech. 
O-VER-MOD'EST, a. Modest to excess ; bashful. 
O'VER-MoST, a. Highest ; over the rest in authority. 
O-VER-MUCH', a. Too much; exceeding what is neces- 
_ sary or proper. Locke. 

O-VER-MUCIP, adv. In too great a degree. Hooker. 
O-JYER-MUCIP, n. More than sufficient. Milton. 
t O-VER-MIJCIBNESS, n. Superabundance. B. Jonson. 

1 o-VER-MUfj'TI-TUDE, v. t. To exceed in number. 
t^O-VER-NAME', v. t. To name over or in a series. Shale. 
O-VER-NeAT', a. Excessively neat. Spectator. 
n-VER-NIGHT', n. Night before bed-time. Shah. 
o-VER-NOISE', (o-ver-noiz') v. t. To overpower by noise. 
O-VER-OF-FEND'ED, a. Offended to excess. Steele. 

I O-VER-OF'FICE, v.t. To lord by virtue of an office. 
_ Shak. 

0 -VER-OF-FI"CIOUS, a. Too busy; too ready to inter- 
_ meddle ; too importunate. Collier. 

O-VER-PaINT', V. t. To color or describe too strongly. 


O-VER-PASS', v.t. 1. To cross ; to go over. 2. To over- 
look ; to pass without regard. 3. To omit, as in reckon- 
_ ing. 4. To omit ; not to receive or include. 
O-VER-PASS'El), (o-ver-past') / 7777 . Passed by; passed 
0-VER-PAST-, ^ away ; gone ; past. Shak. 

O-VER-PaY"/, V. t. 1. To pay too much or more than is 
due. 2. To reward beyond the price or merit. Prior. 
(_ 0 -VER-PEER', V. t. To overlook ; to hover over. Shak. 
O-VER-PeO'PLE, V. t. To overstock with inhabitants. 
O-VER-PERCH', V. t. To perch over or above ; to fly over. 
O-VER-PER-SUaDE^, V. t. To persuade or influence 
_ against one’s inclination or opinion. Pope. 
0 -VER-PI€T'URE, v. t. To exceed the representation or 
_ picture. Shod:. 

O'VER-PliUS, n. [over, and L. plus.] Surplus ; that which 
remains after a supply, or beyond a quantity proposed. 
O-VER-PLY', V. t. To ply to excess ; to exert with too 
_ much vigor. Milton. 

O-VER-POISE', (o-ver-poiz') v.t. To outweigh. Brown. 
O-VER-POISE', (o-ver-poiz') n. Preponderant weight. 
_ Dryden. 

O-VER-POL'ISH, V. t. To polish too much. Blackicall. 
O-VER-PON'DER-OUS, a. Too heavy ; too depressing. 
O-VER-PoST^, V. t. To hasten over quickly. Shak. 
O-VER-POW'ER, V. t. 1. To affect with a power or force 
that cannot be borne. 2. To vanquish by force ; to sub- 
due ; to reduce to silence in action or submission ; to 
defeat. 


O-VER-PRESS', V. t. 1. To bear upon with irresistible 
force ; to crush ; to overwhelm. Swift. 2. To overcome 
by importunity. 

O-VER-PRiZE', V. t. To value or prize at too high a rate. 
O-VER-PROMPT', a. Too prompt ; too ready or eager. 
O-VER- PROMPTNESS, 71. Excessive promptness ; precip- 
itation. 

O-VER-PRO-PoR'TION, v. t. To make of too great pro- 
portion. 

0-VER-Q,Ui^ET-NESS, n. Too much quietness. Brown. 
O-VER-RaKE^, V. t. To break in upon a ship. Mar. Diet. 
O-VER-RANK', a. Too rank or luxuriant. Mortimer. 
O-VER-RaTE', V. t. To rate at too much ; to estimate at a 
value orjimount beyond the truth. Dryden. 
0-VER-ReACH', v.t. ]. I’o reach beyond in any direc- 
tion ; to rise above ; to extend beyond. 2. To deceive by 
_ artifice ;_to cheat. 

O-VER-ReACH', V. i. Applied to horses, to strike the toe 
of the hind foot against the heel or shoe of the fore foot. 
O-VER-ReACH', 71. The act of striking the heel of the fore 
_ foot with the toe of the hind foot. Encyc. 
O-VER-ReACH^ER, 71. One that overreaches; one that 
deceives. 

O-VER-ReACH'ING, n. The act of deceiving; a reaching 
too far. 

f O-VER-ReAD^, V. t. To read over ; to peruse. Shak 
t O-VER-RED', V. t. To smear with a red color. Shak. 

I O-VER-RIDE', v.t. 1. To ride over. Chaucer. 2. To 
ride too much ; to ride beyond the strength of the horse. 

O-VER-RID^, ) 1 ^ exces*? 

O-VER-RIDfDEN, \ excess. 

O-VER-RlP^EN, V. t. To make too ripe. Shak. 
O-VER-RoAST', v. t. To roast too much. Shak. 
O-VER-RuLE', V. t. 1. To influence or control by pre- 
dominant power ; to subject to superior authority. 2. To 
govern with high authority. — 3. In law, to supersede or 
reject. 

O-VER-RuL'ER, n. One who controls, directs or governs. 
O-VER-RuL'ING, ppr. 1. Controlling ; subjecting to au- 
_ thority. 2. a. Exerting superior and controlling power. 
O-VER-RUN', V. t. 1. To run or spread over; to grow 
over; to cover all over. 2. To march or rove over; to 
harass by hostile incursions ; to ravage. 3. To outrun ; 
to run faster than another and leave him behind. 4. To 
overspread with numbers. 5. To injure by treading 
down. — 6. Among printers, to change the disposition of 
types, and carry those of one line into another, either in 
correction, or in the contraction or extension of columns. 

5- VER-RUN/, v.i. To overflow ; to run over. Sm'ith. 
O-VER-RUNNER, n. One that overruns. 
0-VER-RUN'NlNG,pp7*. Spreading over ; ravaging ; chang- 
ing the disposition of types. 

O-VER-S AT'U-RATE, v. t. To saturate to excess. 
O-VER-S AT''U-RA-TED, jfp. More than saturated. 

6- VER-SAT'U-RA-TING, ppr. Saturating to excess. 
O-VER-S€RU'PU-L0US, a. Scrupulous to excess. 
O-VER-SeA^, a. Foreign ; from beyond sea. Wilson. 
O-VER-SEE', V. t. 1. To superintend ; to overlook, imply- 
ing care. 2. To pass unheeded ; to omit ; to neglect ; [o^a\] 

O-VER-SEEN', pp. 1. Superintended. 2. Mistaken ; de- 
ceived ; [oi.9.] Hooker. 

O-VER-SEER^ n. 1. One who overlooks ; a superintend- 
ent ; a supervisor. 2. An officer who has the care of the 
poor or of an idiot, &c. 

O-VER-SET', v.t. 1. To turn from the proper position or 
basis ; to turn upon the side, or to turn bottom upwards. 


♦ Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G aa J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, j Obsolete. 


OVI 


OVE 582 


2 . To subvert 3 to overthrow. 3. To throw off tlie proper 
foundation. 

0-VER-SET', V. i. To turn or be turned over ; to turn or 
fall off the basis or bottom. 

0-VER-SHaDE', V. t. To cover with shade to cover with 
any thing that causes darkness ; to render dark or gloomy. 
6 - VER-SliAD'oW, V. t. 1. To throw a shadow over; to 
overshade. 2. To shelter ; to protect ; to cover with pro- 
tecting influence. 

0-VER-SHAD'oVV-ER, n. One that throws a shade over 
any thing. Bacon. 

o-VER-SHAD'oW-lNG, ppr. Throwing a shade over ; pro- 
tecting. 

O-VER-SHOOT', V. t. 1. To shoot beyond the mark. Tillot- 
son. 2. To pass swiftly over. Harte . — To overshoot one\s 
self\ to venture too far ; to assert too much. 
f)-VER-SHOOT', V. i. To fly beyond the mark. Collier. 
O-VER-SHOT', pp. Shot beyond. 

O'VER-SHOT, a. An overshot wheel is one that receives 
the water, shot over the top, on the descent. 
O^VER-SIGHT, n. 1. Superintendence ; watchful care. 

1 Pet. V. 2. Mistake ; an overlooking ; omission ; error. 
C-VER-SlZE', V. t. 1. To surpass in bulk or size ; [little 
used.] Sandys. 2. To cover with viscid matter. Shak. 
f)-VER-SKIP', V. t. 1. To skip or leap over ; to pass by leap- 
ing. 2. To pass over. 3. To escape. 
f^-VER-SLEEP', V. t. To sleep too long. 

O-VER-SLIP^, V. t. To slip or pass without notice ; to pass 
undone, unnoticed or unused ; to omit ; to neglect. 
0-VER-SLoW', V. t. To render slow 3 to check 3 to curb 3 
[nof Hammond. 

0-VER-SNoW , V. t. To cover with snow. [Little used.] 
Dryden. 

f3-VER-SoLD^, pp. Sold at too high a price. Dryden. 
O-VER-SOON', ado. Too soon. Sidney. 
f^-VER-SOR'ROVV, v. t. To grieve or afflict to excess. 
O-VER-SPAN', V. t. To reach or extend over. 
C-VER-SPeAK', V. t. To speak too much 3 to use too many 
words. Hales. 

C-VER-SPENT', pp. Harassed or fatigued to an extreme de- 
gree. Di'yden. 

0-VER-SPilEAD', (o-ver-spred') v. t. 1. To spread over 3 to 
cover over. 2. To scatter over. 

0-VER-SPREAD', (o-ver-spred^ v. i. To be spread or scat- 
tered over. 

5-VER-STAND', v. t. To stand too much on price or condi- 
tions ; to lose a sale by holding the price too high, 
t 5-VER-STARE', v. t. To stare wildly. Ascham. 
O-VER-STEP', V. t. To step over or beyohd 3 to exceed. 
Shale. 

C-VER-STOGK', 71. Superabundance 3 more than is suffi- 
cient. 

O-VER-STOGK', v. t. 1. To fill too full 3 to crowd 3 to sup- 
ply with more than is wanted. 2. To furnish with more 
cattle than are wanted. 3. To supply with more seed 
than is wanted. 

0-VER-SToRE', V. t. To store with too much 3 to supply or 
fill with superabundance. Hale. 

C-VER-STRaIN', V. i. To strain to excess ; to make too vio- 
lent efforts. Dryden. 

f 7 -VER-STRATN', v. t. To stretch too far. Ayliffe. 
0-VER-STREVV', or o-VER-STRoW', v. t. to spread or 
scatter over. Shak. 

f)-VER-STRTKE', v. t. To strike beyond. Spenser. 
^-VER-STRoWN', pp. Spread or scattered over. Barlow. 
C-VER-SUP-PLY', V. t. To furnish more than is sufficient. 
C-VER-SVVaY', V. t. To overrule 3 to bear down 3 to con- 
trol. Hooker. 

f5-VER-S WELL', V. t. To swell or rise above ; to overflow. 
5'VERT, a. [Fr. ouvert.] Open to view 3 public 3 apparent. 
Blackstone. 

0-VER-TaKE', V. t. ]. To come up with in a course, pur- 
suit, progress or motion ; to catch. 2. To come upon 3 to 
fall on afterwards. 3. To take by surprise. 
f3-VER-TA»?K', V. t. To impose too heavy a task or injunc- 
tio 7 i on. Harvey. 

r)-VER-TAX', V. t. To tax too heavily. 

O-VER-TeD'[0US, a. Too slow 3 too tedious. Donne. 
0-VER-TFIRoW', V. t. 1. To turn upside down. 'Paylor. 
2. To throw down. 3. To ruin 3 to demolish. 4. To de- 
feat 3 to conquer 3 to vanquish. 5. To subvert 3 to de- 
stroy. 

O'VER-THRoW, n. 1. The state of being overturned or 
turned off the basis. 2. Ruin 3 destruction. 3. Defeat; 
discomfiture. 4. Degradation. 

^-VER-THRoW'ER, ?}. One that overthrows, defeats or 
destroys. 

C-VER-THWART', a. 1. Opposite 3 being over the way or 
street. 2. Crossing at right angles. 3. Cross 3 perverse ; 
adverse ; contradictious. 

5-VER-THWART', prep. Across ; from side to side. 
<^-VER-THWART', v. t. To oppose. Stapleton. 
f)- VER-THWART'LY, ado. 1. Across; transversely. 
Pcacham. 2i Perversely. 


0-VER-THWART'NESS, n. 1 . The state of, being athwart 
or lying across. 2. Perverseness 3 pervicacity. 
O-VER-TiRE', v. t. To tire to excess 3 to subdue by fatigue. 
Milton. 

6 -VER-TI'TLE, v. t. To give too high a title to. Fuller. 
O'VERT-LY, ado. Openly 3 in open view 3 publicly. 
C-VER-TOOK', pret. of overtake. 

d-VER-TOP', V. t. 1. To rise above the top. 2. To excel ; 
to surpass. 3. To obscure 3 to make of less importance by 
superior excellence. 

d-VER-TOW'EPi, V. t. To soar too high. Fuller. 
O-VER-TRHP', V. t. To trip over ; to walk nimbly over. 
O-VER-TRoW', 77. 7 . [Sq.x. oferturwan.] To be -over-con- 
fident 3 to think too highly. Wickliffe. 
d-VER -TRUST', V. t. To trust with too much confidence. 
d'VER-TURE, 71. [Fr. otiverturc.] 1. Opening 3 disclosure ; 
discovery. 2. Proposal ; something offered for considera- 
tion, acceptance or rejection. 3. The opening piece, pre- 
lude or symphony of some public act, ceremony or enter- 
tainment. 

d-VER-TURN', V. t. ] . To overset 3 to turn or throw from 
a basis or foundation. 2. To subvert 3 to ruin 3 to destroy. 
3. To overpower 3 to conquer. 

O'VER-TURN, n. State of being overturned or subverted 5 
overthrown. 

d-VER-TURN'A-BLE, a. That may be overturned. [L. w.j 
d-VER-TURN'ED, (o-ver-turnd') pp. Overset ; overthrown. 
d-VER-TURN'ER, n. One that overturns or subverts. 
Swift. 

d-VER-TURN'ING, ppr. Oversetting; overthrowing; sub- 
verting. 

d-VER-TURN'ING,?i. An oversetting 3 subversion 3 change 3 
revolution. 

d-VER-VAL'UE, V. t. To rate at too high a price. 

d-VER-VEJL'’ I cover 3 to spread over. Shak. 

d-VER-VdTE', V. t. To outvote 3 to outnumber in votes 
given. K. Charles. 

d-VER-WATCH', V. t. To watch to excess 3 to subdue by 
long want of rest. Dryden. 

d-VER-WATCH'ED, (o-ver-wotsht') a. Tired by too much 
watching. Sidney. 

O-VER-WeAK', a. Too weak ; too feeble. Raleigh. 
d-VER-WEA'RY, V. t. To subdue with fatigue. 
d-VER-WEATH'ER, (o-ver-weth'er) v. t. To bruise or bat- 
ter by violence of weather. 

d-VER-WEEN', V. i. 1. To think too highly 3 to think ar- 
rogantly or conceitedly. 2. To reach beyond the truth in 
thought 3 to think too favorably. 
d-VER-WEEN'ING, pjTr. 1. Thinking too highly or conceit- 
edly. 2. a. That thinks too highly, particularly of one’s 

cplF • • vpiri 

d-VER-WEEN'ING-LY, ado. With too much vanity or 
conceit. 

d-VER-WEIGH', V. t. To exceed in v/eight; to cause to 
preponderate ; to outweigh j to overbalance. 
d'VER-WEIGHT, n. Greater weight 3 preponderance. 
d-VER-WHELM', v. t. 1. To overspread or crush beneath 
something violent and weighty, that covers or encom- 
passes the whole. 2. To immerse and bear down ; in a 
figurative sense. 3. To overlook gloomily. 4. To put 
over 3 [oft*'.] 

d'VER-WHELM, n. The act of overwhelming. Young. 
O-VER-WHELM'ING, ppr. Crushing with weight or num- 
bers. 

d-VER-WHELM'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to overwhelm. 
d-VER-WING', V. t. To outflank 3 to extend beyond the 
wing of an army. Milton. 
d-VEP.,-WISE', a. Wise to affectation. Ecclus. 
d-VER-WISE'NESS, v. Pretended or affected wisdom. 
d-VER-WoRD', V. t. To say too much. 
d-VER-WoRK', v.t. To work beyond the strength; to 
cause to labor too much 3 to tire. South. 
d-VER-WoRN', a. 1. Worn out 3 subdued by toil. Dryden. 
2. Spoiled by time. Shak. 

d-VER-WRES'TLE, (o-ver-resd) v. t. To subdue by wres- 
tling. Spenser. 

d-VER-WROUGHT', (o-ver-rawP) 77 / 7 . 1. Labored to excess. 

Dryden. 2. Worked all over. Pope. 
t d-VER-YEAR'ED, (o-ver-yeerd') a. Too old. Fairfax. 
O-VER-ZeAL'ED, (o-ver-zeeld') a. Too much excited with 
zeal ; ruled by too much zeal. Fuller. 
d-VER-ZEAL'dUS, (o-ver-zel'us) a. Too zealous 3 eager to 
excess. Locke. 

d-VI€'U-LAR, a. [L. oya??i.] Pertaining to an egg. 
d'VI-DUCT, 71. [L. ovum and ductus.] In anuncUs, a passage 
for the egg from the ovary to the womb, or a passage 
which conveys the egg from the ovary. 
d'VI-FORM, a. [L. ovujn and forma.] Having the form or 
figure of an egg. 

d'VINE, a. [L. Pertaining to sheep 3 consisting of 

sheep. 

d-VIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. ovum and pario .] ' Producing eggs, 
or producing young from eggs. 


* Sec Synopsis. A, E, I, d, C, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY 3 — PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3 — f Obsolete. 


PAB 


P31 583 


O'VOID, a, [L. oyum, and Gr. ei6os.] Having the shape of 
an egg. 

O'VO-LO, 71. In architecUire, a round molding, the quarter 
of a circle j called also the quarter round. 

OWE, (5) V. t. j a regular verb ; pret. and pp. owed. [Sax. 
agan / Goth, aigan ; Svv. aga ; Ice. eg.] 1. To be indebted j 
to be obliged or bound to pay. 2. To be obliged to ascribe 
to ; to be obliged for. 3. To possess ; to have j to be the 
owner of. [This is the original sense, but now obsolete. 
In place of it, we use own^ from the participle. See Own.] 
4. To be due or owing. 

oWE, V. i. To be bound or obliged. Bp. Fisher. 

OW'lNG,p;7r. [This is used in a passive form, contrary to 
analogy, for owen or owed.] 1. Due; that moral obliga- 
tion requires to be paid. 2. Consequential ; as.cribable to, 
as the cause. 3. Imputable to as an agent. 

OWL, n. [Sax. ula^ ule ; D. uil.] A fowl of the genus 
strixj that flies chiefly in the night. 

OWL'ER, n. One that conveys contraband goods. 

OWL'ET, 71. [Fr. hulotte.] An owl, which see. 

OWL'ING, n. The offense of transporting wool or sheep out 
of England, contrary to the statute. Blackstone. 

OWL'ISH, a. Resembling an owl. Gray. 

OWL'-LlGHT, 71. Glimmering or imperfect light. 

OWL'-LIKE, a. Like an owl in look and habits. 

oW”N, a. [Sax. agen j Sw., Dan. egen ; D., G. eigen', the 
participle of Sax. agan.] L Belonging to; possessed; 
peculiar ; usually expressing property with emphasis, or in 
express exclusion of others. It follows my, our, your, his, 
their, thy, her. 2. Own often follows a verb ; as, the book 
is not my own, that is, my own book. 3. It is used as a 
substitute ; as, “ that they may dwell in a place of their 
07^71.” 2 Sam. vii. 4. “ He came to his own, and his own 
received him not,” that is, his own nation or people. 

OWN, V. t. [from the adjective.] 1. To have the legal or 
rightful title to ; to have the exclusive right of possession 
and use. 2. To have the legal right to, without the ex- 
clusive rig9it to use. 3. To acknowledge to belong to ; to 
avow or admit that the property belongs to. 4. To avow ; 
to confess, as a fault, crime or other act ; that is, to ac- 
knowledge that one has done the act. 5. In general, to 
acknowledge ; to confess ; to avow ; to admit to be true ; 
not to deny. 

CWNED, pp. 1. The legal title being vested in. 2. Ac- 
knowledged ; avowed ; confessed. 

OWN'ER, 71. The rightful proprietor ; one who has the legal 
or rightful title, whether he is the possessor or not. 

OWN'ER-SHIP, n. Property ; exclusive right of possession ; 
legal or just claim or title. 

OWN'ING, ppr, 1. Having the legal or just title to. 2. Ac- 
knowledging ; avowing ; confessing. 

tOWRE,7i. [L. 74n45.] A beast. Ainsworth. 

OWSE, 71. Bark of oak beaten or ground to small pieces. 

OW-SER, 71. Bark and water mixed in a tan-pit. 

OX, n. ; pill. Oxen, (ox'n). [Stix. oxa ; G. ochs, ochse ,* D. os ; 
Sw., Dan. oxe.] The male of the bovine genus of quadru- 
peds, castrated and grown to his size or nearly so. 

OX'A-LATE, 71. In chemistry, a salt formed by a combina- 
tion of the oxalic acid with a base. 

OX-AL'I€, a. [Gr. o|aXij.] Pertaining to sorrel. 

OX'BANE, 71. A plant, buphonos. Ainsworth. 

OX'-EYE, 71. [ox and eye.] A plant. 

OX'E^’^ED, a. Having large, full eyes, like those of an ox. 

OXTLY, 71. A fly hatched under the skin of cattle. 

OX 'GANG, 71. [ox and gang.] In ancient laws, as much 
land_as an ox can plough in a year. 

OX'HeAL, 71. A plant. Ainsworth. 

0X-I-0D'I€, a. Pertaining to or consisting of the compound 
of oxygen and iodine. Webster’s Manual. 

OX'LIKE, a. [ox and like.] Resembling an ox. Sandys. 

OX'LIP, 71. A plant, the cowslip. 

OX'STALL, 71. A stall or stand for oxen. 

OX'TER, 71. [Sax. oxtan.] The arm-pit. 

OX'T6NGUE, (ox'tung) 7i. A plant of the genus picris. 


OX'Y-€RATE, n. [Gr. and Kcpaw.] A mixture of wa- 
ter and vinegar. [Little used.] Wiseman. 

OX'YD, 71. [Gr. o|u 5 .] In chemistry, a substance formed by 
the combination of a portion of oxygen with some base ; 
or a substance combined with oxygen, without being in 
the state of an acid. 

OX-Y-DA-BIL'I-TY, ti. The'canacity of being converted 
into an oxyd. Med. Repos. 

OX'Y-DA-BLE, a. Capable of being converted into an oxyd. 

OX'Y-DATE, V. t. To convert into an oxyd. 

OX'Y-DA-TED, pp. Converted into an oxyd. 

OX'Y-DA-TING, pp?-. Converting into an oxyd. 

OX-Y-Da^TION, 71. The operation or process of converting 
into an oxyd. Lavoisier. 

OX'A'-DIZE, V. t. To oxydate, which see. 

OX'Y-DiZED, pp. Gxydated. 

OX'Y-DiZE-MENT, 71. Oxydation. 

OX'Y-DiZ-ING, ppr. Oxydating. 

OX^Y-GEN, 71. [Gr. and yevvaw.] In chemistry, oxygen 
or oxygen gas is an element or substance so named from 
its property of generating acids ; it is the respirable part 
of air, vital air, or the basis of it ; it is called the acidify- 
ing principle, and the principle or support of combus- 
tion. 

0X'Y-6E-NATE, V. t. To unite or cause to combine with 
oxygen, without the evolution of heat or light; to acidify 
by oxygen. 

OXW-GE-NA-TED, pp. United with oxygen. 

OX'Y-GE-NA-TING, ppr. Uniting with oxygen. 

OX-Y-GE-Na'TION, 71. The act, operation or process of 
combining with oxygen. 

OX'X'-GE-NIZ-A-BLE, a. Capable of being oxygenized. 

OX'Y-GE-NiZE, V. t. To oxygenate, which see. 

OX'Y-GE-NIZED, pp. Oxygenated. 

OX'Y-GE-NIZE-MENT, 71. Oxygenation. 

OX'Y-GE-NTZ-ING, ppr. Oxygenating. 

OX-YG'E-NOUS, a. Pertaining to oxygen, or obtained 
from it. 

OX'Y-GON, 71. [Gr. and ymia.] A triangle having 
three acute angles. Viet. 

OX-Y-I'O-DINE, 71. In chemistry, a compound of the chlo- 
riodic and oxiodic acids. Davy. 

OX'Y-MEL, 71. [Gr. o^vs and prAi.] A mixture of vinegar 
and honey. Arhuthnot. 

0X-Y-M5'R0N, 71. [Gr. o^ypwpov.] A rhetorical figure, in 
which an epithet of a quite contrary signification is added 
to a word ; as, cruel kindness. 

OX-Y-PRuS'SIC AC'ID. ’ Chloroprussic acid. 

OX-YR'RHO-DINE, n. [Gr. o^vg and po6ov.] A mixture of 
two parts of the oil of roses with one of the vinegar of 
roses. 

OX'Y-TONE, a. [Gr. o^vg and rovog.] Having an acuto 
sound. Walker. 

OX'Y-TONE, 71. An acute sound. 

OY'ER, 71. [Norm, oyer.] 1. In law, a hearing or trial of 
causes. A court of oyer and terminer is constituted by a 
commission to inquire, hear and determine all treasons, 
felonies and misdemeanors. 2. The hearing, as of a writ, 
bond, note or other specialty. 

^OYES. [Fr. oyez.] This word is used by the sheriff or his 
substitute in making proclamation in court, requiring si- 
lence and attention. It is thrice repeated, and most ab- 
surdly pronounced, 0 yes. 

OY'LET-HOLE. See Eyelet-hole. 

OYS'TER, 71. [G. auster", D. oester ; Sw. ostra ; Dan. o^ter.] 
A bivalvular testaceous animal. 

OYS'TER-SHELL, n. The hard covering or shell of the 
oyster. 

OYS'TER-WENCH, ) 71. a woman whose occupation is 

OYS'TER-WIFE, > to sell oysters ; a low woman. 

OYS'TER-WOM-AN, ) Shak. 

O-Z-^'NA, 71. [Gr. o^aiva.J An ulcer in the inside of the 
nostrils that gives an ill stench. Quincy. 



P is the sixteenth letter of the English Alphabet, and a labi- 
al articulation formed by a close compression of the ante- 
rior part of the lips, as in ep. It is convertible into b and 
f, sometimes into v, and in Greek, into (p. In some words 
which we have borrowed from the Greek, p is mute, as in 
psalm, ptisan ; but is not silent in English words, unless 
it may be in receipt, and a few irregular words. P, aspi- 
rated or followed by h, represents the Greek (p, which an- 
swers to the English /, as in philosophy. 

P. M. stands for post meridiem, afternoon. 


As a numeral, P, like G, stands for one hundred, and, with 

a dash over it,T^ for four hundred thousand, 
t PA'AGE, 77 . [Norm, paage.] A toll for passage over an- 
other persons grounds. Burke. 

PAB'U-LAR, a. [L. pabulum.] Pertaining to food ; afford- 
'ng food or aliment. 

PAB-U-La'TION, 77. [L. pabulatio.] The act of feeding or 
procuring provender. Cockeram. 

PAB'U-LOUS, a. [L. pabulum.] Affording aliment or food ; 
alimental. Brown. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


PAG 


584 PAI 


rAB'U-LUM, n. [L.] 1. Food aliment ; tliat which feeds. 
2. Fuel 5 that which supplies the means of combustion. 

Pa'€A, V. A small animal of America. 

t Pa'CATE, a. [L. yacatusA Peaceful ; tranquil. 

PA'€/yTED, a. Appeased. [Little used.] Bailey. 

PA-Ca'TION, n. [L. paco.] Tlie act of appeasing. 

PAC-€AN', n. An American tree and its nut. 

PACE, n. [Fr. pas ; It. passo ; Sp. paso ; L. passus.] 1. A 
step. 2. The space between the two feet in walking, es- 
timated at two feet and a half. 3. Manner of walking ; 
gait. 4. Step ; gradation in business ; [little used.] Tem- 
ple. 5. A mode of stepping among horses, in which the 
legs on the same side are lifted together. 6. Degree of 
celerity. — To keep or hold pace, to keep up j to go or move 
^ as fast as something else. 

PACE, V. i. 1. To go ; to walk ; to mov^. 2. To go, move 
or walk slowly. 3. To move by lifting the legs on the 
same side together, as a horse. 

PACE, V. t. 1. To measure by steps. 2. To regulate in mo- 
tion. 

PACED, a. 1. Having a particular gait ; used chiefly in com- 
position. — 2. In composition, going all lengths. 

PA'CER, 11 . One that paces j a horse that paces. 

PA-CIEV. See Pashaw. 

PAGH-Y-DERM'A-TOUS, a. [Gr.rra^^us and Seppa.] Hav- 
ing a thick skin. 

PA-CIF'IC, a. [L. pacificus.] 1. Peace-making ; concilia- 
tory ; suited to make or restore peace j adapted to recon- 
cile differences ; mild ; appeasing. 2. Calm ; tranquil. 

PA-CIFffC, n. The appellation given to the ocean situated 
between America on the east, and Asia ; so called on ac- 
count of its exemption from violent tempests. 

PAC-I-FI-Ca'TION, n. [L. paciflcatio.] 1. The act of mak- 
ing peace between nations or parties at variance. 2. The 
act of appeasing or pacifying wrath. 

PAC-I-Fl-CA'TOR, n. [L.] A peace-maker ; one that re- 
stores amity between contending parties or nations. 

PA-CIF'I-CA-TO-llY, a. Tending to make peace j concil- 
iatory ._ Barrow. 

PACT-FTED, Appeased j tranquilized. 

PAC'I-Fi_-ER, 71. One who pacifies. 

PAC'I-FY, V. t. [Fr. pacifier ; L. pacifico.] 1. To appease, 
as wrath or other violent passion or appetite ; to calm ; 1o 
still ; to quiet ; to allay agitation or excitement. 2. To 
restore pcace to ; to tranquilize. 

PACff-FY-ING, Appeasing j tranquilizing. 

PACK, 71. [D. paA: G., Sw. pack.] 1. A bundle of any 

thing inclosed in a cover or bound fast with cords ; a bale. 

2. A burden or load. 3. A number of cards, or the num- 

ber used in games; so called from being inclosed togeth- 
er. 4. A number of hounds or dogs, hunting or kept to- 
gether, that is, a crowd or assemblage united. 5. A num- 
ber of persons united in a bad design or practice. 6. A 
great number crowded together ; 7. [Sax. ptccATi.] 

A loose or lewd person ; [065.] 

PACK, V. t. [D. pakken ; G. packen.] 1. To place and press 
together ; to place in close order. 2. To put togetlier and 
bind fast. 3. To put in close order with salt intermixed. 
4. To send in haste. 5. To put together, as cards, in 
such a manner as to secure the game ; to put together in 
sorts with a fraudulent design, as cards ; hence, to unite 
liersons iniquitously, with a view to some private interest. 

PACK, Tj.i. 1. To be pressed or close. 2. To close ; to shut. 

3. To depart in haste ; with 0 ^. 4. To unite in bad meas- 
ures ; to confederate for ill purposes ; to join in collusion. 

PACK'AGE, 11 . 1. A bundle or bale ; a quantity pressed or 
bound together. 2. A charge made for packing goods. 

rACK'CLOTH, 71. A cloth for packing goods, or in which 
they are tied. 

PACKED, pp. Put together and pressed ; tied or bound in a 
bundle ; put down and salted, as meat ; sent off ; united 
iniquitously. 

PACK'ER, n. One that packs ; an officer appointed to pack 
meat, as beef, pork, fish, &c. Stat. of Conn. 

PACK'ET, n. [¥c. paquet.] 1. A small pack or package; a 
little bundle or parcel. 2. A dispatch-vessel ; a ship or 
other vessel employed by government to convey letters 
from country to country, or from port to port. 3. A vessel 
employed in conveying dispatches and passengers from 
])lace to place, or to carry passengers and goods coastwise. 
U. States. 

PACK'ET, v.i. To ply with a p’acket or dispatch-vessel. 
U. States. 

PACK'ET-BoAT. See Packet. 

PACK'ET-SHIP, 7f. A ship that sails regularly between 
distant countries for the conveyance of dispatches, letters, 
passengers, &c. 

PACK'HORSE, 71. 1. A horse employed in carrying packs 
or goods and baggage. 2. A beast of burden. 

PACK'ING, ppr. Laying together in close order ; binding in 
a bundle ; putting in barrels with salt, &:c. ; uniting, as 
men for a fraudulent purpose. 

PACK'ING, 71. A trick ; collusion. Bale. 

PACK'MAN,7i. Apcdler ; one who curries a pack on his back. 


PACK'SAD-DLE, 11 . A saddle on which packs or burdens 
are laid for conveyance. 

PACKSTAFF, 71. A staff on which a traveler occasionally 
supports his pack. Bp. Hall. 

PACK'THREAD, 11 . Strong thread or twine used in tying 
up parcels. 

PACK'-WAX, 11 . A tendinous substance of the neck of an 
miimal. Ray. 

Pa'CO, J 71. An animal of South America, resembling the 

Pa 'COS, ^ camel in shape, but much smaller. 

PACT, It. [Fr. ; h. pactum.] A contract ; an agreement or 
covenant. Bacon. 

PAC'TION, 71. [L. pactio.] An agreement or contract. 

PAC'TION-AL, a. By way of agreement. Sanderson. 

PAC-TI"TIOUS, a. Settled by agreement or stipulation. 

FAD, 11 . [Sax. paad.] 1. A foot-path ; a road ; [o&5.] 2. 
An easy-paced horse. 3. A robber that infests the road 
on foot ; usually called a foot-pad. 

PAD, n. A soft saddle, cushion or bolster stuffed with straw, 
hair or other soft substance. Camden. 

PAD, V. i. [Gr. Trarcw.] 1. To travel slowly. 2. To rob on 
foot. 3. To beat a way smooth and level. 

PAD'AR, n. Grouts ; coarse flour or meal. Wotton. 

PAD'DER, 71. A robber on foot ; a high-wayman. 

PAD'DLE, V. i. 1. To row ; to beat tlie water, as with oars. 
2. To play in the water with the hands, as children ; or 
with the feet, as fowls or other animals. 3. To finger. 

PAD'DLE, V. t. To propel by an oar or paddle. 

PAD'DLE, 71. 1. An oar, but not a large oar. 2. The blade 
or the broad part of an oar or weapon. 

PAD'DLER, 71. One that paddles. 

PAD'DLE-STaFF, 71. A staff' headed with broad iron. 

PAD'DOCK, 71 . [Sax. jiaiZa.] A toad or frog. 

PAD'DOCK, 71. [said to be corrupted from Sax. parruc.] 1. 
A small inclosure for deer or other animals. 2. An in- 
elosure for races with hounds, &c. 

PAD'DOCK-PIPE, 71 . A plant. 

PAD'DOCK-STOOL, n. A plant of the genus agaricus ; a 
mushroom, vulgarly toadstool. 

PAD-E-Ll'ON, 71 . [Fr. pas dc lion.] A plant. Ainsworth. 

PAD'LOCK, 71. [qu. D. padde, a toad, from its shape.] A 
lock to be hung on a staple and held by a link. Prior. 

PAD'LOCK, V. t. To fasten with a padlock j to stop ; to 
shut ; to confine. Milton. 

PAD'NAG, n. An ambling nag. Dr. Pope. 

PAD'oW-PlPE, 71 . A plant. See Paddock-pipe. 

PAD-U-A-SOY', n. [from Padua, in Italy, and Fr. soic, 
silk.] A particular kind of silk stuff. 

PA2'AN, or Pk'AN, n. 1. Among the ancients, a song of re- 
joicing in honor of Apollo; hence, a song of triumph. 
Pope. — 2. In ancient poetry, a foot of four syllables ; writ- 
ten also;7ieo7i. 

Pa'GAN, 71-. [L. paganus.] A heathen ; a Gentile ; an idol- 
ater ; one who worships' false gods. 

Pa'GAN, a. 1. Heathen; heathenish; Gentile; noting a 
person who worships false gods. 2. Pertaining to the 
worship of false gods. 

Pa'GAN-ISH, a. [feax. paganise.] Heathenish ; pertaining 
to pagans. King. 

Pa'GAN-TSM, 71. [Fr. paganisme.] Heathenism; the wor- 
ship of false gods, or the system of religious opinions and 
worship maintained by pagans. 

Pa'GAN-iZE, V. t. To render heathenish ; to convert to 
heathenism. Ch. Ohs. 

Pa'GAN-iZE, V. i. To behave like pagans. Milton. 

Pa'GAN-iZED, pp. Rendered heathenish. 

Pa'GAN-iZ-ING,pp 7*. Rendering heathenish ; behaving like 
pagans ; adopting heathen principles and practice. 

PAGE, 71 . [Fr., Sp. ;irt^e.] 1. A boy attending on a great 
person, rather for formality or show, than for servitude. 
2. A boy or man that attends on a legislative body. 

PAGE, 71.' [L. pagina ; Fr. page.] 1. One side of a leaf of a 
book. 2. A book, or writing or writings. — 3. Pages, hi 
the plural, signifies also books or writings. 

PAGE, V. t. 1. To mark or number the pages of a book or 
manuscript. 2. To attend, as a page. Shak. 

*Pa'GEANT, (pa'jent) n. [L. pegma.] 1. A statue in show, 
or a triumphal car, chariot, arch or other pompous thing, 
decorated witli flags, &c. and carried in public shows and 
processions. 2. A show ; a spectacle of entertainment ; 
something intended for pomp. 3. Any thing showy, 
without stability or duration. 

^ Pa'GEANT, a. Sliowy ; pompous ; ostentatious. 
Pa'GEANT, v. t. To exhibit in show ; to represent. 

*Pa'GEANT-RY, 71. Show; pompous exhibition or specta- 
cle. Dry den. 

PAG'I-NAL, a. Consisting of pages. Brown. 

Pa'GOD, ) 11 . [Pers. pout ghod, or boot khoda.] 1. A tem- 

PA-Go'DA, \ pie in the East Indies in which idols are 
worshiped. 2. An idol ; an image of some supposed deity. 

PA-Go'DA, 71. A gold or silver coin current in Hindostan. 

P7v'GOD-ITE, 71. A name given to the mineral of which the 
Cliinese make their pagodas. 

PAID, pret. and pp. of pay ,* paid for payed. 


* Sec Synopsis. A, E, I, o, V, Y, Zeii^-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


PAL 


585 


PaUGLE, or PA^GIL, n. A plant and flower of the genus 
primula or primrose j cowslip-primrose. 

PAIL, n. [VV. paeol.'l An open, wooden vessel used in fami- 
jies for carrying liquids. 

PAI L'FIJL, n. The quantity that a pail will hold. 

PAIL-LASSE', n. [Fr.] An under bed usually of straw. 

PAIL'MAIL. See Pallmall. 

PAIN, n. [VV. poen ^ Fr. peine; Norm, pene, peine; Sax. 
pin, ox pine ; G. pein.] 1. An uneasy sensation in animal 
bodies, of any degree from slight uneasiness to extreme 
distress or torture. 2. Labor ; work ; toil ; laborious ef- 
fort. In this sense, the plural only is used ; as, to take 
pains. 3. Labor ; toilsome effort ; task ; in the singular ; 
[o&5.] 4. Uneasiness of mind ; disquietude ; anxiety ; 
solicitude for the future ; grief, sorrow for the past. 5. 
The throes or distress of travail or child-birth. 6. Penal- 
ty ; punishment suffered or denounced ; suffering or evil 
jnflicted as a punishment for a crime. 

PaIN, V. t. [VV. poeni ; Norm, painer ; Fr. peiner ; Sax. 
pinan.'] 1. To make uneasy or to disquiet; to cause un- 
easy sensations in the body, of any degree of intensity ; 
to make simply uneasy, or to distress, to torment. 2. To 
afflict ; to render uneasy in mind ; to disquiet ; to distress. 
3. Reciprocally, to pain one^s self, to labor ; to make toil- 
some efforts ; [little used.] 

PAIN'FUL, a. ]. Giving pain, uneasiness or distress to the 
body. 2. Giving pain to the mind ; afflictive ; disquiet- 
ing ; distressing. 3. Full of pain ; producing misery or 
affliction. 4. Requiring labor or toil ; difficult ; executed 
with laborious effort. 5. Laborious ; exercising labor ; 
undergoing toil ; industrious. 

PAIN'F[JL-LY, adv. I. Vv^ith suffering of body ; with af- 
fliction, uneasiness or distress of mind. 2. Laboriously ; 
v/itli toil ; with laborious elfort or diligence. 

PAIN'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Uneasiness or distress of body. 2. 
Affliction; sorrow; grief; disquietude or distress of mind. 
.3^ Laborious effort or diligence ; toil. 

fPAFNIM, n. [Norm, paynim ; Fr. pa'ien.] A pagan. 

IPaFNIM, a. Pagan; infidel. Milton. 

PAIN^LESS, a. Free from pain. Fell. 2. Free from trouble. 
Dryden. 

PAINS'TAK-ER, A laborious person. Gay. 

PaINS'TAK-ING, a. Laborious ; industrious. Harris. 

PaINS'TaK-ING, 7t. Labor; great industry. 

PaINT, V. t. [Fr. peindre, pei^nant, peint ; Sp. pintar.] 1. 
To form a figure or likeness in colors. 2. To cover or be- 
smear with color or colors, either with or without figures. 

3. To represent by colors or images ; to exhibit in form. 

4. To represent or exhibit to the mind ; to present in form 
or likeness to the intellectual view ; to describe. 5. To 
color ; to diversify with colors. 6. To lay on artificial 
color for ornament. 

PAINT, V. i. 1. To lay colors on the face. 2. To practice 
painting. 

PAINT, n. 1. A coloring substance; a substance used in 
painting, either simple or compound. 2. Color laid on 
canvas or other material ; color representing any thing. 
3. Color laid on the face ; rouge. 

PAINT'ED, p/7. 1. Colored; rubbed over with paint. 2. 
Represented in form by colors. 3. Described. 

PAINT'ER, n. One whose occupation is to paint ; one 
skilled in representing things in colors. 

PAINT'ER, n. [qu. Ir. painter.] A rope used to fasten a 
boat to a ship or other object. 

PAINTTNG, 2W‘ Representing in colors ; laying on colors. 

PAINT'ING, n. 1. The art of forming figures or resembling 
objects in colors on canvas or other material, or the art of 
representing to the eye, by means of figures and colors, 
any object of sight, and sometimes the emotions of the 
mind. 2. A picture ; a likeness or resemblance in colors. 
3. Colors laid on. 

PaINT^URE, n. [Fr. peinture.] The ait of painting. 

PAIR, n. [Fr. pair ; L,, Sp., Port, par ; It. pari.] 1. Two 
things of a kind, similar in form, applied to the same pur- 
pose, and suited to each other or used together. 2. Two 
of a sort ; a couple'; a brace. 

PAIR, V. i. 1. To be joined in pairs ; to couple. 2. To suit ; 
to fit ; as a counterpart. 

PAIR, V. t. 1. To unite in couples. 2. To unite as corre- 
spondent, or rather to contrast. 

PAIR, V. t. To impair. See Impair. 

PAIRED, pp. Joined in couples ; fitted ; suited. 

PAIRTNG, ])pr. Uniting in pairs ; fitting. 

PAL' ACE, 7i. [Fr. palais; 1 j. palatium.] 1. A magnificent 
house in which an emperor, a king or other distinguished 
person resides. 2. A splendid place of residence. 

PAL'ACE-CoURT, n. The domestic court of the kings of 
Great Britain, which administers justice between the 
king’s domestic servants. 

t PA-LA'CIOUS, a. Royal ; noble ; magnificent. 

PAL-AN-dUiN', ) n. [Hindoo, palkee ; Port, palanque.] A 

PAL-AN-KEEN', j covered carriage used in India, Chilia, 
&c., borne on the shoulders of men, and in which a single 
person is conveyed from place to place. 


PAL 

PAL'A-TA-BLE, a. Agreeable to the taste ; savory. 2. 
That is relished. 

PAL'A-TA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being agreeable 
to the taste ; relish. Aikin. 

PAL'A-TAL, a. Pertaining to the palate ; uttered by the 
aid of the palate. 

PAL'A-TAL, 71. A letter pronounced by the aid of the 
lialate, or an articulation of the root of the tongue with 
the roof of the mouth ; as g hard and k, in eg, ek. 

PAL' ATE, 71. [^.palatum.] I. The roof or upper part of the 
mouth. 2. Taste. Pope. 3. Mental relisli ; intellectual 
taste. 

t PALMATE, V. t. To perceive by the taste. Shak. 
PA-La'TIAL, a. Pertaining to the palate. 

PA-La'TIAL, a. [L. palatium.] Pertaining to a palace ; be- 
coming a palace ; magnificent. Drummond. 
fPAL'A-TIC, a. Belonging to the palate. Holder. 
PA-LAT'I-NATE, n, [It. palatinato ; L. palatinus.] The 
province or seignory of a palatine. 

PAL'A-TINE, a. [Fr. palatin ; It. palatino ; L. palatimus.] 
Pertaining to a palace ; an epithet applied originally to 
persons holding an office or employment in the king’s 
palace ; hence it imports possessing royal privileges. 
PAL'A-TINE, 71. One invested with royal privileges. 
fPAL'A-TI VE, a. Pleasing to the taste. Brown. 

PA-LA V'ER, 7t. [Sp. paZa^/7-a ; Poxl. palavra.] 1. Idle talk. 
2. Flattery ; adulation ; [vulgar.] 3. Talk ; conversa- 
tion ; conference. 

PA-LA V'ER, V. t. To flatter. [Tti vulgar «.9e.] 

PALE, a. [¥x. pale,palir.] 1. White or whitish; wan; de- 
ficient in color ; not ruddy or fresh of color. Pale is not 
precisely synonymous witli white, as it usually denotes 
what we call roan, a darkish dun white. 2. Not bright j 
not shining ; of a faint lustre ; dim. 

PALE, V. t. To make pale. Shak, Prior. 

PALE, 71. [Sax.pai ; G. pfahl ; D.paal.] 1. A narrow board 
pointed or sharpened at one end, used in fencing or in- 
closing. 2. A pointed stake. 3. An inclosure ; properly, 
that which incloses, like fence, limit ; hence, the* space 
inclosed. 4. District ; limited territory. — 5. In heraldry, 
an ordinary, consisting of two perpendicular lines drawn 
from the top to the base of the escutcheon, and containing 
the third middle part of the field. 

PALE, 77. L [Jy.paalen; G. pf 'dhlen.] 1. To inclose with 
pales or stakes. 2. To inclose ; to encompass. 
PAL-E-a'CEOUS, a. [L. palea.] 1. Chaffy ; resembling 
chaff, or consisting of it. 2. Chaffy ; furnished with 
chaff. 

PALED, pp. 1. Inclosed with pales or pickets. 2. Striped. 
PaLE'-EyED, a. Having eyes dimmed. Milton. 
PALE'-FaCED, fl. 1. Having a pale or wan face. Shak. 2. 

Causing paleness of face. Shak. 

PALE'-HEART'ED, a. Dispirited. Shak. 

PALE'LY, adv. Wanly ; not freshly or ruddily. 
f PAL'EN-DAR, n. A kind of coasting vessel. Knolles. 
jPALE'NESS, 77. 1. Wanness; defect of color ; want of fresh- 
ness or ruddiness ; a sickly whiteness of look. 2. VV’^ant 
of color or lustre ; as the paleness of a flower. Shak. 
PA-LE-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. na^aiog and ypaepy.] 1. The 
art of explaining ancient writings. More correctly, 2. An 
ancient manner of writing. 

PA-LE-OL'O-GIST, n. One who writes on antiquity, or 
one conversant with antiquity. Good. 

PA-LE-OL'O-GY, n. [Gr. na\aiog and Aoyof.] A discourse 
or treatise on antiquities, or the knowledge of ancient 
things. 

PA'LE-OUS, a. [L. palea.] Chaffy ; like chaff. 
PA-LES'TRI-AN, ) a. [Gr. naXa7<rrptK:of.] Pertaining to 
PA-LES'TRIC, > the exercise of wrestling. Bry~ 

PA-LES'TRI-€AL, ) ant. 

t PAL'ET, 77 . [Fr. pelote.] The crown of the head. 
PAL'ETTE. See Pallet. 

PAL'FREY, 77 . [Fr. palefroi ; It. palafre7io.] 1. A horse 
used by noblemen and others for state, distinguished from 
a war horse. 2. A small horse fit for ladies. 
PAL'FREYED, a. Riding on a palfrey. 
PAL-I-FI-€a'TION, 77. [L. palus.] The act or practice of 
driving piles or posts into the ground for making it 
firm. 

PAL'IN-DROME, n. [Gr. na\ivSpopia.] A word, verse or 
sentence that is the same when read backwards or for- 
wards. 

PAL'TNG, jjpr. Inclosing with pales. 

PAL'ING, 77. A fence formed with pales. 
PAL-IN-GE-NE'SI-A, n. A regeneration. 

PAL'IN-ODE, I n. [Gr. :raX7vw57a.] A recantation, or dec- 
PAL'IN-O-DY, \ laration contrary to a former one. 
PAL-l-SADE', or PAL-I-SA'DO, n. [Fr. palissade.] A fence 
or fortification consisting of a row of stakes or posts 
sharpened and set firmly in the ground. 

PAL-I-SADE', V. t. To surround, inclose or fortify with 
stakes or posts. 

PAL'ISH, 77 . Somewhat pale or wan. Arhuthnot. 


Sec Spiopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


PAL 


5»6 PAN 


PALL, n. [L. palliiivi ; Sax. pcslle.'l 1. A cloak j a mantle 
of state. 2. The mantle of an archbishop. 3. The cloth 
thrown over a dead body at funerals. 

Pall, n. in heraldnj, a figure like the Greek Y. Encyc. 

PALL, V. t. To cloak j to cover or invest. Skak. 

PALL, V. i. [W. pallu.] To become vapid j to lose strength, 
life, spirit or taste j to become insipid. 

PALL, V. t. 1. To make vapid or insipid. 2. To make 
spiritless ; to dispirit ; to depress. 3. To weaken j to im- 
pair. 4. To cloy. 

t PALL, w. Nauseating.' Lf?. 

PAL-La'DI-UM, n. [Gr. naXXa^tov.] 1. Primarily^ a statue 
of the goddess Pallas. 2. Something that affords effectual 
defense, protection and safety. 3. A metal found in very 
small grains. 

PAL'LET, n. [Fr. palette ; It. palettuA 1. Among painters, 
a little oval table or board, or piece of ivory, on which the 
painter places the colors to be used. — 2. Among potters^ 
crucible makers, &c. a wooden instrument for forming, 
beating and rounding their works. — 3. In gilding, an in- 
strument made of a squirrel’s tail. — 4. In heraldry, a small 
pale ; [6-ee Pale.] 5. A small part belonging to the bal- 
ance of a watch ; the nut of a watch. 6. A measure 
formerly used by surgeons, containing three ounces. 

PAL'LET, Ji. [paiZZet, Chaucer ; Ft. paillej h. palea ; Ir. 
pealL] A small bed. Milton. 

• PAL'LI-A-MENT, n. [L. pallium.^ A dress ; a robe. 

• PAL'LI-ARD, 71. [Fr.] A lecher ; a lewd person. 

■ PAL'LI-ARD-ISE, 71. Fornication. Buck. 

! I’AIi'LI-ATE, V. t. [Fr. pallier ; Sp. paliar.] 1. To clothe j 
[065.] 2. To cover with excuse j to conceal the enormity 
of offenses by excuses and apologies ; hence, to ex- 
tenuate ; to lessen ; to soften by favorable representa- 
tions. 3. To reduce in violence j to mitigate j to lessen 
or abate. 

fPAL'LI-ATE, a. Eased ; mitigated. 

PAL'LI-A-TED,pp. Covered by excuses j extenuated ; goft- 
ened. 

PALTLI-A-TING, ppr. Concealing the enormity or most 
censurable part of conduct ; extenuating ; softening. 

PAL-LI-a'TION, 77. 1. The act of palliating ; concealment 
of the most flagrant circumstances of an offense ; extenu- 
ation by favorable representation. 2. Mitigation ; allevi- 
ation ; abatement. 

PAL'LI-A-TIVE, a. [Fr. palliatif.] 1. Extenuating; serv- 
ing to extenuate by excuses or favorable representation. 
2. Mitigating ; alleviating ; as pain or disease. 

PAL'LI-A-TIVE, 71. 1. That which extenuates. 2. That 
which mitigates, alleviates or abates the violence of pain, 
disease or other evil. Swi/t. 

PAL'LID, a. [L. pallidus.] Pale; wan; deficient in color ; 
not high-colored. Spenser. 

t PAL-LID'I-TY, 71. Paleness. 

PAL'LID-LY, ntZy. Palely; wanly. Taylor. 

PAL'LID-NESS, n. Paleness ; wanness. 

PALL-MALL', (pel-meP) n. [L. pila and malleus ; It. palla 
and malleo.] A play in which a ball is driven through an 
iron ring by a mallet ; also, the mallet. 

PAL'LOR, 71. [L.l Paleness, Taylor. 

PALM, (pirn) n. [L. palma.] 1. The inner part of the hand. 
2. A hand or hand’s breadth ; a lineal measure of three 
inches. 3, The broad triangular part of an anchor at the 
end of the arms. 4. The name of many species of plants, 
but particularly of the date-tree or great palm. 5. Branches 
of the palm being worn in token of victory, hence the 
word signifies superiority, victory, triumph.— 6. Among 
seamen, an instrument used in sewing canvas, instead of 
a thimble. 

PALM, (p'd.m) V. t. 1. To conceal in the palm of the hand. 
2. To impose by fraud. 3. To handle. 4. To stroke 
with the hand. 

PALM'-SUN-DAY, (p‘4m'-sun-de) n. The Sunday next be- 
fore Easter; so called in commemoration of our Savior’s 
triumphal entry into Jerusalem, when the multitude 
strewed palm-branches in the way. 

PALM'-TREE, (piim'-tree) 7i. The date tree. 

PAL'MAR, a. [L. palmaris.] Of the breadth of the hand. 

PAL'MA-RY, a, [L. palmaris.] Principal ; capital. Bp. 
Horne. 

PAL'MA-TED, a. [L. palmatns.] 1. Having the shape of a 
Iiand ; resembling a hand with the fingers spread. 2. En- 
tirely webbed. 

PALM'ER, (p'im'er) n. One that returned from the Holy 
Land bearing branches of palm ; a pilgrim or crusader. 

PALM'ER-W6RM, (p‘4m'er-wurm) n. A worm. 

PAL-MET'TO, 71. A species of palm-tree. 

PAL-MIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. paZmaand fero.] Bearing palms. 
Diet. 

PAL'MI-PED, a. [L. palma and pes.] Web-footed ; having 
the toes connected by a membrane ; as a water-fowl. 

PAL'MI-PED, 71. A fowl that has webbed feet. 

PAL'MIS-TER, n. One who deals in palmistry. 

PAL'MTS-TRY, n. [L. palma.] 1. The art or practice of 
divining or telling fortunes by the lines and marks in the 


palm of the hand. 2. .Addison uses it humorously, for the 
action of the harxi. 

PALM'Y, (pam'y) a. Bearing palms. Shak. 

PALP, V. t. To feel. [JVoZ authorized.] 

PAL-PA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality ot being perceptible by 
the touch. Arhuthnot. 

PAL'PA-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Perceptible by the touch ; that 
may be fejt. 2. Gross-; coarse ; easily perceived and de- 
tected. 3. Plain ; obvious ; easily perceptible. 

PAL'PA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being palpable ; 
plainness ; obviousness ; grossness. 

PAL'PA-BLY, adv. 1. In such a manner as to be perceived 
by the touch. 2. Grossly ; plainly ; obviousl}^ 

PAL-Pa'TION, 77. [L. palpatio.] Tlie act of feeling. 

PAL'PI-TATE, V. i. [L. palpito.] To beat gently ; to beat, 
as the heart ; to flutter, that is, to move with little throes ; 
as we say, to go pit a pat. 

PAL-PI-TA'TItJN, 71 . [L. palpitatio.] I. A beating of the 
heart ; particularly , a preternatural beating or pulsation 
excited by violent action of the body, by fear, fright or 
disease. 2. A violent, irregular motion of the heart. 

PALS'GRAVE, (pawlz'grave) n. [G. pfaligraf.] A count 
or earl who has the superintendence of the king’s pal- 
ace. 

PAL'SI-€AL, a. Affected with palsy ; paralytic. 

PAL'SIED, part. Affected with palsy. 

PAL'SY, n. [contracted from Gr. norpaXto-t?.] The loss or 
defect of the power of voluntary muscular motion in the 
whole body, or in a particular part ; paralysis. 

PAL'SY, V. t. To paralyze ; to deprive of tlie power of mo- 
tion ; to destroy energy. Dwight. 

PAIi'SY, V. t. To affect with the palsy ; used frequently in 
a figurative sense. 

PAL'SY-ING, ppr. Affecting with the palsy. 

PAL'TER, v.i. To shift; to dodge; to play tricks. Johnson. 
Rather, to fail ; to come short ; to balk. 

t PAL'TER, V. t. To squander. Q. 11 . Ainsworth. 

PAL'TER-ER, n. One that palters, fails or falls short. 

PAL'TRi-NESS, n. The state of being paltry or vile. 

PAL'TRY, a. [Sw. palta, plu. paltor ; Scot, paltrie, or pel- 
trie.] Ragged ; mean ; vile ; worthless ; despicable. 

PA'LY, a. 1. Pale ; wanting color ; used only in poetry. 
Shak. — 2. In heraldry, divided by pales into four equal 
parts. 

PAM, n. The knave of clubs. Pope. 

PAM'PER, V. t. [It. pambere, pamberato.] 1. To feed to the 
full ; to glut ; to saginate ; to feed luxuriously. 2. To 
gratify to the full ; to furnish with that which delights. 

PAM'PERED, pp. Fed high ; glutted or gratified to the 
full. 

PAM'PER-ING, ppr. Glutting ; feeding luxuriously ; grati- 
fying to the full. 

PAM'PER-ING, 77 . Luxuriancy. Fulke. 

PAM'PHLET, 77 . [Sp. papelon ; papeleta ; papcl volantc.] . 
A small book consisting of a sheet of paper ; or of sheets 
stitched together but not bound. 

PAM'PHLET, V. t. To write a pamphlet or pamphlets. 

PAM-PHLET-EER', n. A writer of pamphlets ; a scribbler. 

PAN, 71. [Sax., Sw. vanna ; D. pan.] 1. A vessel broad 
and somewhat hollow or depressed in the middle, or \yith 
,a raised border. 2. The part of a gun-lock or other fire- 
arms which holds the priming that communicates with 
the charge. 3. Something hollow. — 4. Among farmers, 
the hard stratum of earth that lies below the soil. 5. The 
top of the head. 

PAN, V. t._ To join ; to close together. [Local.] 

PAN-A-Ce'A, 71. [L.] 1. A remedy for all diseases ; a 
univei-sal medicine. 2. An herb. 

PA-NA'DA, \ n. [Fr. panade.] A kind of food made by 

PA-NA'DO, j boiling bread in water to the consistence of 
pulp and sweetened. 

PAN'GAKE, 77 . A thin cake fried in a pan. Franklin. 

PANCH, 77. [W. panu.] Among seamen, a thick and strong 
mat, to be fastened on yards to prevent friction. 

PAN-€RAT'I€, ) a. [Gr. nav and /epuroj.] Excelling 

PAN-€RAT'I-€AL, 1 in all gymnastic exercises ; very 
strong or robust. 

PAN'GRE-AS, 77 . [Gr. nav and Koeas.] A gland of the body 
situated between the bottom of the stomach and the ver- 
tsbres* 

PAN-€RE-AT'I€, a. Pertaining to the pancreas. 

PAN'CY. Sec Pansy. 

PAN'DEGT, 77 . [L. pandectce.] 1. A treatise which con- 
tains the whole of any science. — 2. Pandects, in the plu- 
ral, the digest or collection of civil or Roman law, made 
by order of the emperor Justinian. 

PAN-DEM'IG, a. [Gr. nav and Sypog.] Incident to a whole 
people ; epidemic. 

PAN'DER, 77. [qu. It. pandere.] A pimp; a procurer; a 
male bawd ; a mean, profligate wretch, who caters for 
the lust of others. 

PAN'DER, To pimp ; to procure lewd women for 
others. Shak. 


■* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 5, D, Y, Zot 7^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT j— PR^Y ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete. 


PAN 


587 


PAP 


PAX'DER, V. i. 1. To act as agent for the lusts of others. 
2. To be subservient to lust or passion. 

PAN'DER-A(jE, n. A procuring of sexual connection. 

PAi\'DER-[SM, n. The employment or vices of a pander; 
a pimping. Swift. 

PAN'DER-LY,_ff. Pimping ; acting the pander. 

PAN-DI€-U-La'TION, n. [L. pandiculor.] A yawning ; a 
stretching; the tension of the solids that accompanies 
yawning. 

PAN'DIT, or PUN'DIT, n. In Hindostan, a learned man. 

PAN'DORE, or PAN’DO-Rx'VN, n. [Gr. TzavSovpa.] An in- 
strument of music of the lute kind ; a bandore. 

PANE, 71. [Fr. part; Arm. panelL] 1. A square of glass. 
2. A piece of any thing in variegated works. 

PaNED, a. Variegated ; composed of small squares, as a 
counterpane usually is. Cavendish. 

* PAN-E-GYR'IG, n. [Fr. pane^y'rique ; It., Sp. panegirico ; 
L. panegyricus.] 1. An oration or eulogy in praise of 
some distinguished person or achievement ; a formal or 
elaborate encomium. 2. An encomium ; praise bestowed 
on some eminent person, action or virtue. 

* PAN-E-GYR'ie, I a. Containing praise or eulogy ; en- 

* PAN-E-GYR'I-CAL, ] comiastic. 

PAN-E-6y'RIS, n. A festival ; a public meeting. 

PAN-E-OYR'IST, 71. One who bestows praise; a eulogist; 

an encomiast, either by writing or speaking. 

PAN'E-GY-RIZE, V. t. To praise highly ; to write or pro- 
nounce a eulogy on. Ch. Ohs. 

PAN'E-GY-RiZE, V. i. To bestow praises. Mitford. 

PAN'E-GY-RiZED, pp. Highly praised or eulogized. 

PAN'E-GY-RiZ-ING, ppr. Praising highly ; eulogizing. 

PAN'EL, 71. [Fr. panncau ; Sw. p anna. 1. A square piece 
of board, or other piece somewhat similar, inserted be- 
tween other pieces. 2. A piece of parchment or sched- 
ule, containing the names of persons summoned by the 
sheritf. 3. The whole jury. 

PAN'EL, V. t. To form with panels. Pennant. 

PaNE^LESS, a. Without panes of glass. Shenstonc. 

PANG, 71 . [D. pynigen ; G. peinigen.] Extreme pain; an- 
guish ; agony of body ; particularly^ a sudden paroxysm 
of extreme pain. 

PANG, V. t. To torture ; to give extreme pain to. 

PAN'GO-LIN, 71. A species of manis^ or scaly lizard, found 
only in Hindustan. Encyc. 

PAN'IG, 71. [Sp., It. panico ; Fr. panique.] A sudden fright ; 
particxdarly ^ a sudden fright without real cause, or terror 
inspired by a trifling cause or misapprehension of danger. 

PAN'IC ) 

PAN'I GAL 1 sudden ; applied to fright. 

PAN'IG, 71. [L. panicum.'] A plant and its grain. 

PAN'IC-GRaSS, 71. A plant of the genus paaiciiT/i. 

PANfl-GLE, 71. [L. panicula.'\ In botany^ a species of in- 
florescence. Martyn. 

PAN'I-GLED, a. Furnished with panicles. Eaton. 

PA-NIG'U-LATE, ) a. 1. Having branches variously 

PA-NIG'U-LA-TED, \ subdivided. 2. Having the flow- 
ers in panicles. 

PAN'NADE, 71. The curvet of a horsed Ainsworth. 

PAN'NAGE, 71. [from lu.panis.'] The food of swine in the 
woods, as beech-nuts, acorns, &c., called also pawns ; 
also, the money taken by agistors for the mast of the 
king’s forest. Cowel. 

PAN'NEL, 71. [W. panel ; L. pannus."] 1. A kind of rustic 
saddle. 2. The stomach of a hawk. 

fPAN-NEL-LA'TION, n. The act of impanneling a jury. 

PANNTER, (pan'yer) n. [Fr. panier ; It. paniera.] A wick- 
er basket ; primarily^ a bread-basket, but used for carry- 
ing fruit or other things on a horse. 

t PAN'NI-KEL, 71. The brain-pan or skull. Spenser. 

PAN'O-PLY, 71. [Gr. navonXia.] Complete armor or de- 
fense. Ray. 

PAN-O-Ra'MA, 71. [Gr. ttav and opapa.] Complete or en- 
tire view ; a circular painting having apparently no be- 
ginning or end, from the centre of which the spectator 
may have a complete view of the objects presented. 

PAN-SOPH'I-GAL, a. Pretending to have a knowledge of 
every thing. Worthington. 

PAN'SO-PHY, 71 . [Gr. nav and ao<pia.'] Universal wisdom 
or knowledge. [Little used.] Hartlib. 

PAN'SY, 71 . [Fr. pensee.] A plant and flower. 

PANT, V. i. [Fr. panteler.] 1. To palpitate ; to beat with 
preternatural violence or rapidity, as the heart in terror, 
or after hard labor, or in anxious desire or sus^^nse. 2. 
To have the breast heaving, as in short respiration i or 
want of breath. 3. To play with intermission or declin- 
ing strength. 4. To long ; to desire ardently. 

PANT, 71 . Palpitation of the heart. Shak. 

PAN-TA-LOON', n. [Fr. pantalon.] 1. A garment for 
males, in which breeches and stockings are in a piece ; a 
species of close, long trowsers, extending to the heels. 2. 
A character in the Italian comedy, and a buffoon in pan- 
tomimes. 

PANT'ER, 71. One that pants. 


PANTHER, 71. [Ir. painter.] A net. Chaucer. 

PANT^ESS, 71. The difficulty of breathing in a hawk. 

PAN'THE-ISM, 71. [Gr. nav and deog.] The doctrine that 
the universe is God. 

PAN-THeTST, 71. One that believes the universe to bo 
God ; a name given to the followers of Spinosa. Encyc. 

PAN-THE-IS'TIG, J a. Pertaining to pantheism ; con- 

PAN-THE-IS*TI-GAL, i founding God with the universe. 

PAN-THe'ON, 71. [Gr. rag^ or irai', and 0£o?.] A temple or 
magnificent edifice at Rome, dedicated to all the gods. 

PAN'THER, 71. [L. ; Gr. 7rav0i7p.] A fierce, ferocious quad- 
ruped of the genus felis^ of the size of a large dog, with 
short hair of a yellow color, diversified with roundish 
black spots. 

PAN'TILE, 71. [qu. W. paTitM.j A gutter tile. 

PANT'ING, ppr. Palpitating ; breathing with a rapid suc- 
cession of inspirations and expirations ; longing. 

PANTTNG, 71. Palpitation ; rapid breathing ; longing. 

PANTTNG-LY, adv. With palpitation or rapid breathing. 

PANTTjER, -71. [Fr. panetier.] The officer in a great fami- 
ly who has charge of the bread. Shak. 

PAN'TO-FLE, 71. [Fr. pantoujle.] A slipper for the foot. 

PAN^TO-GRAPH, 71. [Gr. Travra and ypacpw.] A mathe- 
matical instrument so formed as to copy any sort of 
design i 

PAN-TO-GRAPHTG, I a. Pertaining to a pantograph ; 

PAN-TQ-GRAPHT-GAL, ) performed by a pantograpli. 

PAN-TOG^RA-PHY, 71. Genpral description; view of an 
entire thing. 

PAN-TOM'E-TER, 71. [Gr. Travra and perpco).] An instru- 
ment for measuring all sorts of elevations, angles and dis- 

CCS 

PAN-TO-MET^RIG, ) a. Pertaining to a pantometer; 

PAN-TO-MET'RI-GAL, ) performed by a pantometer. 

PAN'TO-MiME, 71. [L. pantomimus.] 1. One that imitates 
all sorts of actions and characters without speaking ; one 
that expresses his meaning by mute action. 2. A scene 
or representation in dumb show. 3. A species of musical 
entertainment. 

PAN'-TO-MIME, a. Representing only in mute action. 
Smith. 

PAN-TO-MIMTG, \ a. Pertaining to the pantomime; 

PAN-TO-MIM'I-GAL, ) representing characters and ac- 
tions by dumb show. 

PAN'TON, ) n. [qu. L. pando.] A horse-shoe con- 

PAN^TON-SHOE, j trived to recover a narrow and hoof- 
boimd heel. 

PAN'TRY, 71. [Fr. panetUre.] An apartment or closet in 
which provisions are kept. 

PAN'UR-GY, 71. [Gr. iravovpyia.] Skill in all kinds of work 
or business ; craft. Bailey. 

PAP, 71. [L. papilla.] A nipple of the breast ; a teat. 

PAP, 71. [Low L. papa.] 1. A soft food for infants, made 
with bread boiled or softened with water. 2. The pulp 
of fruit. 

PAP, V. t. To feed with pap. 

PA-PA', 71. [L., Fr. papa ; D., G. papa ; It., Sp. papa, the 
pope.1 Father ; a word with us used by children. Swift. 

PA'PA-CY, 71 . [Fr. papaute ; It. papato.] 1. The office and 
dignity of the pope or bishop of Rome ; popedom. 2. Pa- 
. pal authority. 

FATAL, a. [Fr.] 1. Belonging to the pope or pontiff of 
Rome ; popish. 2. Proceeding from the pope. 3. An- 
nexed to the bishopric of Rome. 

t PA'PA-LIN, 71. A papist. Herbert. 

PA-PAV'ER-OUS, a. [L. papavereus.] Resembling the pop- 
py ; of the nature or qualities of poppies. Brown. 

PA-PAW', 71 . [Fr. papayer.] 1. The carica papaya, a tree. 

2. The pnpaw of J\T. America belongs to the genus annona, 

PAPE, 71. The pope. 

PA'PER, 71 . [Fr. papier ; It. papiro ; L. papyrus.] 1. A 
substance formed into thin sheets, on which letters and 
figures are written or printed. 2. A piece of paper. 3. A 
single sheet printed or written. 4. Any written instru- 
ment. 5. A promissory note or notes, or a bill of exchange. 
Kent. 6. Hangings printed or stamped ; paper for cover- 
ing the wails of rooms. 

PA'PER, a. 1. Made of paper ; consisting of paper. 2. 
Thin ; slight. 

PA'PER, v.t. 1. To cover with paper; to furnish with 
paper-hangings; as, to paper a room or a house. 2. To 
register ; [obs ] Shak. 3. To fold or inclose in paper. 

PA'PER-GRED'IT, n. 1. Evidences of debt ; promissory 
notes, &c.) passing current in commercial transactionsi. 

3. Notes or bills emitted by public authority, promising 
the payment of money. 

PA'PER-FACED, a. Having a face as white as paper. 

PA'PER-KiTE, 71 . A light frame covered with paper for 
flying in the air like a kite. Warton. 

PA'PER-MA-KER, n. One that manufactures paper. 

PA'PER-MILL, 71 . A mill in which paper is manufac- 
tured. 

PA'PER-MGN'EY, n. Notes or bills issued by authority 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE BIJLL, UNITE.— G as K ; 0 as J as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


PAR 


588 


PAR 


and promising the payment of money, circulated as the 
represeutatjve of coin. 

Ta'PER-STaIN'ER, n. One that stains, colors or stamps 
paper for liangings. 

PA-PES'CENT, a. [from paj).] Containing papj having 
the qualities of pap. ArhxLthnot. 

I’A'PEiSS, n. A female pope. Hall. 

PAP'IL, 11 . [L. papilla.] A snaall pap or nipple. 

PA-PIL'I-O, n. [L.] A butterfly. Barbut. 

PA-PfL-I-O-NA'CEOUS, a. Resembling the butterfly. 


'■* PAP'IL-LA-RY, I a. Pertaining to the pap or nipple ; re- 
^ PAF IL-LOUS 
papils. 


f’l 


sembling the nipple j covered with 


PAP'lL-LATE, V. i. To grow into a nipple. Fleming. 

PAP'lL-LOSE, a. Nipply; covered with fleshy dots or 
points ; verrucose ; warty. Smith. 

Pa PIS INI, 71. [from Fr. pape.] Popery. Bedell. 

Pa'PIST, 11 . [Fr. papiste.] A Roman Catholic ; one that 
adheres to the church of Rome and the authority of the 
pope. 

PA-PIST'IC, ) a. Popish ; pertaining to popery ; adhe- 

PA-PIST'I-CAL, \ rent to the church of Rome. 

Pa'PIST-RY, 71. Popery ; the doctrines and ceremonies of 
the church of Rome. Whitgifte. 

PaTIZED, a. Conformed to popery. Fuller. 

PAP-POOS', or PAP-POOSE', n. The Indian name for a 
child. 

PAP'POUS, a. [L. pappus.'] Downy 5 furnished with a pap- 
pus, as the seeds of certain plants. 

PAP'PUS, 71. [L.] The soft, downy substance that grows 
on the seeds of certain plants, as on those of the thistle. 

PAP'PY, a. Like pap ; soft ; succulent. Burnet. 

PAP'U-LAE, 71. [L.] Pimples j blisters 5 eruptions on the 
skin. 

PAP'U-LOSE, a. Covered with vesicular points or W'ith 
little blisters. Martyn. 

PAP'U-LOUS, a. Full of pimples or pustules. 

PA-Py'RUS, 71. [L.] An Egyptian plant, a kind of reed, 
of which the ancients made paper. 

PAR, 71. [L. par.'] 1. State of equality; equal value; 
equivalence without discount or premium. 2. Equality 
in condition. 

t PAR'A-BLE, a. [L. parabilis.] Easily procured. 

PAR'A-BLE, n. [Fr. parabole ; parabola ; Gr. TTapaj3o\t]>] 
A fable or allegorical relation or representation of some- 
thing real in life or nature, from which a moral is drawn 
for instruction. 

PAR'A-BLE, V. t. To represent by fiction or fable. Mil- 
ton. 

PA-RAB'O-LA, n. [L.] A conic section arising from cutting 
a cone by a plane parallel to one of its sides. 

PA-RAB'O-LE, 71. In oratory, similitude ; comparison. 

PAR-A-BOL'IC, 1 a. Expressed by parable or allegori- 

PAR-A-BOL'I-CAL, | cal representation. 2. [from parab- 
ola.] Having the form of a parabola. 

PAR-A-BOL'I-CAL-LY, adv. I. By way of parable. 
Broion. 2. In the form of a parabola. 

PAR-A-BOL'I-FORM, a. Having the form of a parabola. 

PA-RAB'0-LlSM, n. In algebra^ the division of the terms 
of an equation by a known quantity that is involved or 
multiplied in the first term. 

PA-RAB'O-LOID, n. [Gr. TTapa^o\t] and ti^oj.] In geome- 
try^ a paraboliform curve is one whose ordinates are sup- 
posed to be in the subtriplicate, subquadruplicate, &c., 
ratio of their respective abscisste . — A parabolic conoid ^ 
[see Conoid.] Encyc. 

PAR-A-CEL'SIAN, n. A physician who follows the prac- 
tice of Paracelsus, a Swiss physician. 

PAR-A-CEL'SIAN, a. Denoting the medical practice of 
Paracelsus. Hakewill. 

PAR-A-CEN'TE-STS, ) ti. [Gr. TrapaKEvryaig.] The opera- 

PAR-A-CEN'TE-SY, J tion in surgery called tapping. 

PAR-A-CEN'TRIC, ) a. [Gr. napa and Kevrpov.] Devi- 

PAR-A-CEN'TRI-€AL, j ating from circularity. 

PA-RA€H'RO-NISM, n. [Gr. napa and vpovoj.] An error 
in chronology ; a mistake in regard to the true date of an 
event. 

PAR'A-CHUTE, ii. [Gr. Trapa, and Fr. chute.] In aerosta- 
i'lon, an instrument to prevent the rapidity of descent. 

PAR'A-CLETE, n. [Gr. vapaK^yros.] Properly^ an advo- 
cate ; one called to aid or support; hence, the Consoler, 
Comforter or Intercessor ; a term applied to the Holy Spirit. 
Pearson. 

PA-RADE', 11 . [Fr. parade.] 1. In military affairs, the 
place where troo^is assemble for exercise, mounting guard 
or other purpose. 2. Show ; ostentation ; display. 3. 
Pompous procession. 4. Military order ; array. 5. State 
of preparation or defense. 6. [Fr.] The action of parrying 
a thrust. 

PA-RADE', V. t. 1. To assemble and array or marshal in 
military order. 2. To exhibit in a showy or ostentatious 
manner. 

PA-RADE', V. i. 1. To assemble and be marshaled in mili- 


tary order. 2. To go about in military procession. 3. To 
walk about for show. 

PA-RAD'ED, pp. Assembled and arrayed. 

PAR'A-DIGM, (par'a-dim) n. [Gr. napaSeiypa.] An exam- 
ple ; a model. — In grammar, an example of a verb conju- 
gated in the several modes, tenses and persons. 
PAR-A-DIG-MAT'IC, ) a. Exemplary. {Little wsed.] 
PAR-A-DIG-MAT'I-€AL, j More. 

PAR-A-DIG'MA-TiZE, v. t. To set forth as a model or ex- 
ample. [Little used.] Hammond. 

PA-RAD'ING, ppr. Assembling and arraying in due order; 

making an ostentatious show. 

PAR'A-DISE, n. [Gr. iTapahKyog.] 1. The garden of Eden, 
in which Adam and Eve were placed immediately after 
their creation. Milton. 2. A place of bliss; a region of 
supreme felicity or delight. Milton. 3. Heaven, the 
blissful seat of sanctified souls after death. 4. Primarily, 
in Persia, a pleasure-garden with parks and other appen- 
dages. 

PAR-A-DIS'E-A, 71. Bird of Paradise, a genus of fowls. 
PAR'A-DlSED, a. Having the delights of Paradise. 
PAR-A-DIS'E-AN, 1 a. 1. Pertaining to Eden or Para- 
PAR-A-DI-Sl'A-CAL, | dise, or to a place of felicity. 2. 

Suiting paradise ; like paradise. 

PAR'A-DOX, n. [Fr. paradoxe.] A tenet or proposition 
contrary to received opinion, or seemingly absurd, yet 
true in fact. 

PAR-A-DOX'I-CAL, a. 1. Having the nature of a paradox. 
2. Inclined to tenets or notions contrary to received opin- 
ions. 

PAR-A-DOX'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a paradoxical manner, or 
in a manner seemingly absurd. Collier. 
PAR-A-DOX'I-CAL-NESS, n. State of being paradoxical, 
f PAR-A-DOX-OL'O-GY, n. [paradox, and Gr. \oyos] The 
use of paradoxes. Broion. 

PAR'A-GO-GE, n. [Gr. irapayonyy.] In grammar, the addi- 
tion of a letter or syllable to the end of a word. 
PAR-A-GOG'IC, I a. Pertaining to a paragoge ; lenglli- 
PAR-A-GOG'I-€AL, J ening a word by the addition of a 
letter or syllable. 

PAR'A-GON, n. [Fr. parangon ; Sp. paragon.] 1. A model 
or pattern; a model by way of distinction, implying su- 
perior excellence or perfection. 2. A companion ; a fel- 
low ; [065.] 3. Emulation ; a match for trial ; [o^».<f.] 
PAR'A-GON, t. [Sp. para^nar.] 1. To compare; to 
parallel ; [little used.] 2. To equal ; [little used.] 
PAR'A-GON, V. i. To pretend comparison or equality. 
[Little used.] 

PAR'A-GRAM, n. [Gr. irapaypappa.] A play upon words, 
or a pun. Addison. 

PAR-A-GRAM'MA-TIST, n. A punster. Addison 
PAR'A-GRAPH, n. [It. paragrafo ; Fr. paragraphe.] A 
distinct part of a discourse or writing ; any portion or sec- 
tion of a writing or chapter which relates to a particular 
point, whether consisting of one sentence or many sen- 
tences. A paragraph is sometimes marked thus, II ; but, 
more generally, a paragraph is distinguished only by a 
break in the composition or lines. 

PAR'A-GRAPH, v. t. To form or write paragraphs. 
PAR-A-GRAPH'I€, \ a. Consisting of paragraphs or 
PAR-A-GRAPH'I-€AL, ) short divisions, with breaks. 
PAR-A-GRAPH'I-CAL-LY, adv. By paragraphs ; with dis- 
tinct breaks or divisions. 

PAR-A-LEP'SIS, } n. [Gr. rrapaXcti/'if.] In rhetoinc, a pre- 
PAR'A-LEP-SY, ^ tended or apparent omission ; a figure 
by which a speaker pretends to pass by what at the same 
time he really mentions. 

PAR-A-LI-POM'E-NA, n. [Gr. TrapaXtiuoi.] Things omit- 
ted ; a supplement containing things omitted in the pre- 
ceding work. 

PAR'A-LIZE, or PAR'A-LYZE, v. t. [Gr. TrajjaXuo).] To 
affect as with palsy ; to check action, or destroy tlie pow- 
er of action. 

PAR-AL-LAC'TIG, ) a. Pertaining to the parallax of a 
PAR-AL-LA€'TI-€AL, ] heavenly body. 

PAR'AL-LAX, n. [Gr. :rapaXXa|tj.] In astronomy, the 
change of place in a heavenly body in consequence of be- 
ing viewed from different points. 

PAR'AL-LEL, a. [Gr. TrapaXXT^Xof.] 1. In geometry, ex- 
tended in the same direction, and in all parts equally dis- 
tant. 2. Having the same direction or tendency ; run- 
ning in accordance with something. 3. Continuing a 
resemblance through many particulars ; like ; similar ; 
equal in all essential parts. 

PAR'AL-LEL, n. 1. A line which, throughout its wliole 
extent, is equidistant from another line. 2. A line on the 
globe marking the latitude. 3. Direction conformable to 
Ihat of another line. 4. Conformity continued through 
many particulars, or in all essential points ; resemblance ; 
likeness. 5. Comparison made. 6. Any thing equal to or 
resembling another in all essential particulars. 
PAR'AL-LEL, v.t. I. To place so as to keep the same di- 


*Sec Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— rFAR, FALL, WHAT; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — f Obsolete. 


PAR 


589 


PAR 


rection, and at an equal distance from something else. 2 . 
To level j to equal. 3. To correspond to. 4. To be equal 
to j to resemble in all essential points. 5. To compare. 

PAR'AL-LEL-A-BLE, a. That maj' be equaled. [L. it.] 

I PAR'AL-L EE-LESS, a. Not to be paralleled ; matchless. 

PAR'AL-LEL-ISM, 7 t. 1. State of being parallel. More. 2. 
Resemblance ; equality of state ; comparison. TVarton. 

PAR'AL-LEL-LY, adv. In a parallel manner 3 with paral- 
lelism. Scott. 

PAR-AL-LEL'O-GRAM, n. [Gr. i:apa\\7]\og and ypajU/ta.] 
1 . In geometry, a right-lined quadrilateral figure, whose 
opposite sides are parallel and equal. — 2. In common use, 
this word is applied to quadrilateral figures of more length 
than breadth. 

PAR-AL-LEL-O-GRAM'IG, ) a. Having the properties 

PAR-AL-LEL-O-GRAMT-GAL, \ of a parallelogram. 

PAR-AL-LEL-0-PIP''ED, 71 . [parallel, and Gr. cm and 
ncSov.] 1 . In geometry, a regular solid comprehended un- 
der six parallelograms, the opposite ones of which are 
similar, parallel and equal to each other, or it is a prism 
whose base is a parallelogram. 

PAR-AL-LEL-O-PI-Piii/DI-A, n. A genus of spars. 

* PA-RAL'O-GISM, w. [Gy. napaXoyKTpos.'] In a fal- 
lacious argument or false reasoning. 

PA-RAL'O-GiZE, v. i. To reason falsely, jlsh. 

PA-RAL'O-GY, n. False reasoning. Brown. 

PA-RAL'Y-SIS, n. [Gr. napaXactf.] Palsy ; the loss of the 
power of muscular motion, or of the command of the 
muscles. 

PAR-A-LYTTG, or PAR-A-LYTT-GAL, a. 1. Affected 
with palsy j deprived of the power of muscular motion ; 
sometimes, weak ; trembling ; subject to an involuntary 
shaking. 2. Inclined or tending to palsy. 

PAR-A-LYTTG, n. A person affected with palsy. Hall. 

PAR'A-LyZE. See Paralize. 

PA-RAXPE-TER, n. [Gr. napapcTpco).'] 1. The I atus rectuyn 
of a parabola. — 2. In conic sections, a third proportional to 
any diameter and its conjugate. — In the jmrabola, a third 
proportional to any absciss and its ordinate. 

PAR'A-MOUNT, a. [Norm, perarnont.] 1 . Superior to all 
others ; possessing the highest title or jurisdiction j as, 
lord paramount, the chief lord of the fee, or of lands, tene- 
ments and hereditaments. 2. Eminent 5 of the highest 
order. 3. Superior to all others. 

PAR'A-MOUNT, n. The chief ; the highest in rank. 

PAR'A-MOUR, n. [Fr.] I. A lover 3 a wooer. 2. A mis- 
tress. 

PAR'AN-THINE. See Scapolite. 

PARL\-NYMPH, 72. [Gr. rrapa and 1. A brideman 5 

one who leads the bride to her marriage. 2. One who 
countenances and supports another. 

PAR'A-PEGXI, (par'a-pem) n. [Gr. ■napaTTrjypa.] A brazen 
table fixed to a pillar, on which laws and proclamations 
were anciently engraved. 

PAR'A-PET, n. [Fr. ; Sp. parapeto.] A wall, rampart or 
elevation of earth for covering soldiers from an enemy’s 
shot. 

PAR-A-PHER'NA, ) n. [Gr. napa^epva.] The goods 

PAR-A-PHER-Na'LI-A, j which a wife brings with her 
at her marriage, or which she possesses beyond her dower. 

PAR-A-PHER'NL\L, a. Pertaining to or consisting in para- 
plierna. 

PAR-A-PIII-Mc'SIS, 71. [Gr. 7 rapa 0 i/ioicn?.] A disease when 
the piffiputium cannot be drawn over the glands. 

PARLY-PHRASE, n. [Gr. napa<ppaaig.] An explanation of 
some text or passage in a book, in a more clear and ample 
manner than is expressed in the words of the author. 

PAR'A-PHRASE, v. t. To explain, interpret or translate 
with latitude 3 to unfold the sense of an autlior with 
more dearness and particularity than it is expressed in 
his own words. 

PAR'A-PHRASE, 7;. 7 . To interpret or explain amply 5 to 
make a paraphrase. Felton. 

PAR/A-PH RASED, pp. Amply explained or translated. 

PAR'A-PHRA-SING, ppr. Explaining or translating hmply 
and freely. 

PAR'A-PIIRAST, 71. [Gr. Ttapacppaaryg.] One that para- 
phrases. Hooker. 

PAR-A-PHRAS'TJG, \a. Free, clear and ample in ex- 

PAR-A-PHRAS'TI-GAL, \ planation 3 not verbal or lit- 
eral. 

PAR-A-PHR AS'TJ-GAL-LY, ado. In a paraphrastic manner. 

PAR-A-PHRENT-TIS, 77. [Gr. napa and ^pcvirig.] An in- 
flammation of the diaphragm. Arbuthnot. 

PAR'A-PLE-GY, n. [Gr. napa and 77 X 77 ^ 7 ;.] That kind of 
palsy which affects the lower part of tlie body. 

PAR-A-aUET', or PAR-A-OUi'TO, n. A little parrot. Shale. 

PAR'A-SANG, 71. A Persian measure of length, which 
Herodotus states to be thirty stadia, nearly four English 
miles 3 but in different times and places, it has been 30, 
40 or 50 stadia. 

PAR-A-SCEU-AS'TIG, a. Preparatory. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, ROOK, DOVE 3 — BELL, UNITE. ’ 


PA-RA-SCeVE', 71. [Gr. rtapacKcvr}.] Preparation 3 the Sab- 
bath-eve of the Jews. Todd. 

PAR-A-SE-LeNE', 71. [Gr. napa and cykyvr}.'] A mock 
moon 3 a luminous ring or circle encompassing the moon. 

PAR'A-SITE, n. [Fr. parasite ; L. parasita.] 1 . In ancient 
Greece, a priest or minister of the gods, whose office was 
to gather of the husbandman the corn allotted for public 
sacrifices. — 2. In modem usage, a trencher friend 3 one 
that frequents the tables of the rich, and earns his wel- 
come by flattery 3 a hanger on 3 a fawning flatterer.— 3 . 
In botany, a plant growing on the stem or branch of an- 
other plant, and receiving its nourishment from it, as the 
misletoe. 

PAR-A-SITTG, \ a. 1. Flattering 3 wheedling 5 fawn- 

PAR-A-SIT'I-GAL, I ing for bread or favors. 2. Growing 
on the stem or branch of another plant. 

PAR-A-SITT-GAL-LY, adv. In a flattering or wheedling 
manner 5 by dependence on another. 

PAR^A-SIT-ISM, 71. The behavior or manners of a para 
site. Milton. 

PAR'A-SOL, 71. [Fr. 3 Sp.] A small umbrella used by la- 
dies to defend themselves from rain, or their faces from 
the sun’s rays. 

PAR-A-SY-NEXTS, n. In the civil law, a conventicle, or 
unlawful meeting. Diet. 

PAR'AT, 71. A fish of the mullet kind, found in Brazil. 

PA-RATH/E-SIS, 71. [Gr. napaOccig.] In grammar, appo- 
sition, or the placing of two or more nouns in the same 
case. 

PAR-A-VaIL', a. [Norm. ;ia 7 * and ayaiZe.] In feudal law, 
the tenant ^lamyaiZ is the lowest tenant holding under a 
mean or mediate lord. 

f PAR'A-VANT, \ adv. [Fr. par and avant.'] In front 3 

t PAR'A-VAUNT, ) publicly. Spenser. 

PAR'BOIL, V. t. [Fr. parbouillir^ 1. To boil in part 3 to 
boil in a moderate degree. 2. To cause little pustules or 
pushes on the skin by means of heat. 

t PAR'BREaK, V. i. To vomit. Skelton. 

PAR'BUG-KLE, n. Among seamen, a rope like a pair of 
slings for hoisting casks, &c. 

PAR^GEL, 71. [Fr. parcelle.] 1. A part 3 a portion of any 
thing taken separately. 2. A quantity; any mass. 3. A 
part belonging to a whole. 4. A small bundle or package 
of goods. 5. A number of persons, m coTiteiTipt. Shale. 0 
A number or quantity, in contempt. 

PAR'QEL, v.t. I. To divide into parts or portions. 2. To 
make up into a mass ; [1. «.] Shak . — To parcel a seam, in 
seamen’s language, to lay canvas over it and daub it with 
pitch. Mar. Diet. 

PARCELED, pp. Divided into portions. 

PAR'CEL-ING, ppr. Dividing into portions. 

PAR'CEL-ING, n. Among seamen, long, narrow slips of 
canvas daubed with tar and bound about a rope like a 
bandage, before it is sewed. 

PARCE-NA-RY, 71 . [Norm. ;iarce 7 iier.] Co-heirship 3 the 
holding or occupation of lands of inheritance by two or 
more persons. 

PAR'CEN-ER, 71. [Scot, parsenere ; Norm, parcoiinier.'] 
Parcener or co-parcenei' is a co-heir, or one who holds; 
lands by descent from an ancestor in common with an- 
other or with others 3 as when land descends to a man’s 
daughters, sisters, aunts, cousins, or their representatives. 
In this case, all the heirs inherit as parceners or co-heirs. 

PARCH, V. t. 1. To burn the surface of a thing 3 to scorch. 
2. To dry to extremity. Dryden. 

PARCH, V. i. 1. To be scorched or superficially burnt. 
Mortimer. 2. To become very dry. 

PARCHED, pp. Scorched 3 dried to extremity. 

PARCH'ED-NESS, n. The state of being scorched or dried 
to extremity. 

PARCHTNG, ppr. 1. Scorching 3 drying to extremity. 2. 
a. Having the quality of burning or drying. 

PARCH'MENT, n. [Fr. parchemin.] The skin of a sheep or 
goat dressed or prepared and rendered fit for writing on. 

PARCH'MENT-Ma-KER, n. One who dresses skins for 
parchment. 

fPARGl-TY, 71. [Yr.parcitei 'L.parcitas.'] Spariiigness. 

ILYRD, 71. [L. pardus.l The leopard 3 or, in poetry, any 
spotted beast. Instead of pard, we generally use leopard, 
tlie lion-pard. Pardale, from the Latin pardalis, is not 
used. 

PAR^DON, V. t. [Fr. pai'donncr.'\ 1. To forgive 3 to remit 3 
as an offense or crime. 2. To remit, as a penalty. 3. To 
excuse, as for a fault. — 4. Pardon me is a phrase used 
when one asks for excuse, or makes an apology, and it is 
often used in this sense, when a person means civilly to 
deny or contradict what another affirms. 

PAR'DON, 71 . 1. Forgiveness 3 the release of an offense or 
of the obligation of the offender to suffer a penalty, or to 
bear the displeasure of tlie offended party. 2 . Remission 
of a penalty. 3. Forgiveness received. 

PAR'DON-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be pardoned. 2. Ve- 
nial 3 excusable 3 that may be forgiven, overlooked or 
passed by. 

as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TII as in this, f Obsolete. 


PAR 


590 


PAR 


PAR'DON-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being pardon- 
able j venialness j susceptibility of forgiveness. 

PAR'DON-A-BLY, adv. In a manner admitting of pardon j 
venially ; excusably. Dryden. 

PAR'DONED, pp. Forgiven ; excused. 

PAR'DON-ER, n. 1. One that forgives j one that absolves 
an offender. 2. One that sells the pope’s indulgences. 

PAR'DON-ING, ppr. Forgiving ; remitting an offense or 
crime j absolving from punishment. 

PARE, V. t. [Fr. parer.] 1. To cut off, as the superficial 
substance or extremities of a thing; to shave off with a 
sharp instrument. 2. To diminish by little and little. 

PARED, pp. Freed from any thing superfluous on the sur- 
face or at the extremities. 

PAR'E-GOR-I€, a. [Gr. naprjyopiKos.] Mitigating ; assuag- 
ing pain. 

PAR-E-GOR'IG, n. A medicine that mitigates pain ; an an- 
odyne. Encyc. 

PA-REL'CON, n. [Gr. napcX/fw.l In grammar^ the addition 
of a word or sy liable to the end of another. 

PA-REM'BO-LE, n. [Gr. napf:[xfio\r].] In rhetoric^ the in- 
sertion of something relating to the subject in the middle 
of a period. 

PA-REN'CHY-MA, n. [Gr. napey^vpa.] 1. In anatomy, the 
solid and interior part of tJie viscera, or the substance con- 
tained in the interstices between the blood vessels of the 
viscera ; a spungy substance. — 2. In botany, the pith or 
pulp of plants. 

PAR-EN-€HYM'A-TOUS, ) a. Pertaining to parenchyma : 

PA-REN^GHY-MOUS, ) spungy ; soft ; porous. 

PA-REN'E-SIS, 71. [Gr. napaivcais.} Persuasion ; exhorta- 
tion. [Little used.] Diet. 

PAR-E-NET>1€, ) rr , . . „ 

PAR-E-NET'I-€AL, \ > encouraging. Potter. 

PA'RENT, (pairtent) 77. [L. parens.] 1. A father or mother ; 
he or she that produces young. 2. That which produces ; 
cause ; source. 

PAR'ENT-AGE, 77. [Fr.] Extraction; birth; condition 
with respect to the rank of parents. Shak. 

PA-RENT'AL, a. [It. parentale.] 1. Pertaining to parents. 
2. Becoming parents ; tender ; affectionate. 

PAR-EN-Ta'TION, 11 . [from E. parento.] Something done 
or said in honor of the dead. Potter. 

PA-REN'THE-SIS, 77. [Gr. -napevdeais.] A sentence, or 
certain words inserted in a sentence, which interrupt the 
sense or natural connection of words, but serve to explain 
or qualify the sense of the principal sentence. The pa- 
renthesis is usually included in hooks or curved lines, 
thus, ( ). 

PAR-EN-THET'IG, ) a. 1. Pertaining to a parenthesis ; 

PAR-EN-THET'I-GAL, I expressed in a parenthesis. 2. 
Using parentheses. 

PAR-EN-THETT-GAL-LY, adv. In a parenthesis, Bryant. 

PA-RENT'I-CIDE, 77. [L. parens and coedo.] One who kills 
a parent. Bailey. 

PA'RENT-LESS, (pair'ent-les) a. Deprived of parents. 

PA'RER, (pair'er)T?. He or that which pares; an instru- 
ment for paring. Tusser. 

•f PAR*ER-GY, 77. [Gr. irapa and epyov.] Something unim- 
portant, or done by tlie by. Brown. 

PaR'GA-SITE, n. A mineral ; a variety of actinolite. 

PAR'GET, 77. [Sp. parc/ie.] 1. Gypsum or plaster stone. 2. 
Plaster laid on roofs or walls. 3. Paint. 

PAR'GET, V. t. 1. To plaster Walls. 2. To paint; to cover 
with paint. B. Jonson. 

t PAR'GET, V. 7. To lay paint on the face. B. Jonson. 

PAR'GET-ED, pp. Plastered ; stuccoed. 

PAR'GET ER, 77. A plasterer. 

PAR'GET-ING, Plastering ; a 7107777 , plasterer stucco. 

PAR-HeL'ION, 71. [Gr. napa and 77X70?.] A mock sun or 
meteor, appearing in the form of a bright light near the 
sun. 

Pa'RI-AL, or PAIR'-ROY'AL, n. Tliree of a sort in certain 
games of cards. Butler. 

Pa'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Paros, an isle in the Egean sea ; 
as, Parian marble. — Parian chronicle, a chronicle of the 
city of Athens, engraven on marble in capital letters in 
the isle of Paros. 

PAR-I-E'TAIj, a. [L. par705.] 1. Pertaining to or within 

the walls of a building. 2. The parietal bones form the 
sides and upper part of the skull. Parr. 

PA-Rl'E-TA-RY, 77. [Fr. parietaire.] A plant. 

t PAR'I-E-TINE, 77. [L. paries.] A piece of a wall. 

PA'RING, (pair'ing) ppr. Cutting or shaving off the extrem- 
ities. 

PA'RING, (pair'ing) n. 1, That which is pared off; rind 
separated from fruit ; a piece clipped off. 2. The act or 
practice of cutting off the surface of grass land, for tillage. 

PAR'IS, 77. A plant, herb Paris, or true-love. 

PAR'ISH, 77. [Vr. paroisse ^ It.parrocchia.] 1 . The precinct 
or territorial jurisdiction of a secular priest, or the pre- 
cinct, the inhabitants of which belong to the same church. 


— 2. In some of the American states, parish is an ecclesi- 
astical society not bounded by territorial limits. 

PAR'ISH, a. Belonging to a parish ; having the spiritual 
charge of the inhabitants belonging to the same church. 
Dryden. 2. Maintained by the parish. 

PA-RISH'ION-ER, n. One that belongs to a parish. 

PAR-I-SYL-LAB'iG, \ a. [L. par and syllaba.] Hav- 

PAR-I-SYL-LAB'I-GAL, ) ing equal or like syllables. 

PAR'I-TOR, 77. [for apparitor.] A beadle ; a summoner of 
the courts of civil law. Dryden. 

PAR'I-TY, 77. [Fr. pariti ; It. paritd.] 1. Equality. 2. 
Equality ; like state or degree. 

PARK, 77. [Qux, parruc,pearruc } Scot, parrok j W.parc} 
Fr. pare ,* It. parco ,* Sp. parque.] A large piece of ground 
inclosed and privileged for wild beasts of chase, in Eng- 
land, by the king’s grant or by prescription. 

PARK, V. t. To inclose in a park. Shak. 

PARK'ER, 77. The keeper of a park. 

PARK'LeAVES, 77. A plant of the genus hypericum. 

PAR'LANCE, 77. [Norm.; Fr. parler.] Conversation; dis- 
course ; talk. Woodeson. 

t PARLE, (piirl) 77. Conversation ; talk ; oral treaty or dis- 
cussion. Shak. 

t PARL, V. i. [Fr. parler.] To talk ; to converse ; to discuss 
any thing orally. 

P AR'LEY, V. i. [Fr. parler ; It. parlare.] To confer with on 
some point of mutual concern ; to discuss orally ; hence, 
to confer with an enemy ; to treat with by words. 

PAR'LEY, 77. Mutual discourse or conversation ; discus- 
sion ; but appropriately, a conference with an enemy in 
war. 

PAR'LIA-MENT, (par'le-ment) 77. [Fr. parlemcnt Sp.,It., 
Port, parlarnento.] 1. In Great Britain, the grand assembly 
of the three estates, the lords spiritual, lords temporal, and 
the commons ; the general council of the nation constituting 
the legislature. — 2. The supreme council of Sweden, con- 
sisting of four estates ; the nobility, the clergy, the burgh- 
ers and the peasants. — 3. In France, before the revolu- 
tion, a council or court consisting of certain noblemen. 

PAR-LIA-MEN-Ta'RI-AN, or PAR-LIA-MEN-TEER', n. 
One of tliose who adhered to the parliament in the time of 
Charles I. 

PAR-LIA-MEN-Ta'RI-AN, a. Serving the parliament in 
opposition to king Charles I. Wood. 

PAR-LIA-MENT'A-RY, o. 1. Pertaining to parliament. 2. 
Enacted or done by parliament. 3. According to the rules 
and usages of parliament, or to the rules and customs of 
legislative bodies. 

PAR'LISH. See Parlous. 

PAR'LOR, 77. [Fr. parloir.] Primaiily, the apartment in a 
nunnery where the nuns are permitted to meet and con- 
verse with each other ; hence, with us, the room in a 
house whicli the family usually occupy wlien they have 
no company, as distinguished from a drawing room in- 
tended for the reception of company, or from a dining 
room, wlien a distinct apartment is allotted for that pur- 
pose. In most houses, the parlor is also the dining room. 

fPAR'LOUS, a. ^r. parler.] Keen; sprightly; waggish. 

t PaR'LOUS-NESS, 77. Guickness ; keenness of temper. 

PAR-MA-CIT'Y, 77. Corruptedly for spermaceti, which see. 

PAR-ME-SAN'-CHEESE, 77. [Fr. Parmesan.] A delicate 
sort of cheese, made in Italy. 

t PAR'NEL, 77. [the diminutive of It. petronella.] A punk ; 
a slut. 

PA-Ro'GHI-AL, a. VL. parochia.] Belonging to a parish. 

PA-RO-GHI-AL'I-TY, 77. The state of being parochial. 

PA-Ro'GHI-AL-LY, adv. In a parish ; by parishes. 

PA-Ro'GHI-AN, a. Pertaining to a parish. Bacon. 

PA-R6'GHI-AN, n. A parishioner. Burghley. 

PA-ROD'IG, ) a. Copying after the manner of par- 

PA-ROD'I-GAL, i ody. 

PAR'O-DY, 77. [Fr. parodic.] 1. A kind of writing in which 
the words of an author or his thoughts are, by some slight 
alterations, adapted to a different purpose ; a kind of po- 
etical pleasantry, in which verses written on one subject 
are altered and applied to another by way of burlesque. 
2. A popular maxim, adage or proverb. 

PAR'O-DY, V. t. To alter, as verses or words, and apply to 
a pujpose different from that of the original. Pope. 

PA-RoI>', )n. [W. paryl ; It. parola Fr. parole.] 1. 

PA-RoLE', ) Properly, a word ; hence, in a legal sense, 
words or oral declaration ; word of mouth. 2. Pleadings 
in a suit. 

PA-RoL', ) a. Given by word of mouth ; oral ; not writ- 

PA-RoLK', I ten. Blackstone. 

PA-RoLE', 77. [See Parol.] 1. Word of mouth. — In mili- 
tary affaws, a promise given by a prisoner of war, when 
he has leave to depart from custody, that he will return 
at the time appointed, unless discharged. 2. A word 
given out every day in orders by a commanding officer, in 
catnp or garrison, by which friends may be distinguished 
from enemies. 

PAR-O-NO-Ma'STA, ) 77. [from Gr. 7rapavo/7Cw, to transgress 

PAR-O-NOM'A-SY, ) lavv or rule.] A rhetorical figure, 


See Synopsis, a, e, I, o, 0, Y, ?077«^.— FAR, FALL, WIL^T PR£Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— | Obsolete. 


PAR 


591 


PAR 


by which words nearly alike in sound, but of different 
meanings, are affectedly or designedly used j a play upon 
words j a pun. 

PAIl-0-NO-iVlAS'TI€, ) a. Pertaining to paronomasy ; 

PAll-O-NO-MAS^TI-CAL, ) consisting in a play upon 
words. 

PAll-O-NyCH^I-A, n. [Gr. rTapvvv;^(a.] In surgery, a 
whitlow or felon. Encyc. 

PA-RON'Y-MOUS, o. [Gr. -napwvvjjLOi.] Resembling an- 
other word. Watts. 

PAR'0-Q.UET, or PAR'O-KET, n. A small species of par- 
rot. [More properly pcrroquct, which see.] 

PA-ROT'ID, a. [Gr. rrapa and orj, wra.] Pertaining to or 
denoting certain glands below and before the ears, or near 
the articulation of the lower jaw. 

PA-R5'TIS, n. [Gr. napwrtj.] 1. The parotid gland ; a se- 
creting salivary conglomerate gland below and before the 
ear. 2. An inflammation or abscess of the parotid gland. 

PAR'OX-YSM, n. [Gr. Tuipo^vapog.] An exasperation or 
exacerbation of a disease ; a fit of higher excitement or 
violence in a disease that has remissions or intermis- 
sions. 

PAR-OX-YS'MAL, a. Pertaining to paroxysm. 

PAR'RAGK, ) n. [Sax. parruc.] A croft ; a small field j 

PAR'ROeK, i what is now corrupted into paddock. 
Westmoreland dialect. 

PAR REL, n. [Port, aparelho.] Among seamen, an appara- 
tus or frame made of ropes, trucks and ribs, so contrived 
as to go round the mast, and being fastened at both ends 
to a yard, serves to hoist it. 

PAR-Rl-CPDAL, or PAR-RI-CID'I-OUS, a. 1. Pertaining 
to parricide ; containing the crime of murdering a parent 
or cliild. 2. Committing parricide. 

PAR'R[-ClDE, 71. [Fr. ; L. paricida.'] 1. A person who 
murders his father or mother. 2. One who murders an 
ancestor, or any one to whom he owes reverence. 3. The 
murder of a parent or one to whom reverence is due. 4. 
One who invades or destroys any to whom he owes par- 
ticular reverence, as his country or patron. 

PAR'RIED, pp. Warded off ; driven aside. Johnson. 

PAR'llOT, n. [Fr. pcrroquet.] 1. The name of fowls of the 
genus psittacus, of numerous species ; remarkable for the 
faculty of making indistinct articulations of words in imi- 
tation of the human voice. 2. A fish found among the 
Bahama isles. 

PAR'RY, V. t. [Fr. parcr.'\ 1. In fencing, to ward off ; to 
stop or to put or turn by. 2. To ward off ; to turn aside ; 
to prevent a blow from taking effect. 3. To avoid ; to 
shift off. 

PAR'RY, V. i. To ward ofl' ; to put by thrusts or strokes j to 
fence. Locke. 

PAR'RY-ING, ppr. Warding off, as a thrust or blow. 

PARSE, V. t. [L. pars.] In grammar, to resolve a sen- 
tence into its elements, or to show the several parts of 
speech composing a sentence, and their relation to each 
other by government or agreement. 

PAR-SI-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Sparing in the use or expenditure 
of money ; covetous ; near ; close. 

Px\R-Sl-IMo'XI-OUS-LY, ado. With a very sparing use of 
money ; covetously. 

PAR-Sl-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, n. A very sparing use of 
money, or a disposition to save expense. 

PAR'Sl-MO-NY, n. [L. parsbnonia.] Closeness or sparing- 
ness in the use or expenditure of money. 

PARS LEY, n. [Fr. pcm/.] A plant. 

PARS'NEP, n. A plant of the genus pastinaca. 

PAR'SON, (par'sn) 7i. [G. pfarrherr, pfarrer.] 1. The 
priest of a parish or ecclesiastical society ; the rector or 
incumbent of a parish, wlio has the parochial charge or 
cure of souls. 2. A clergyman j a man that is in orders 
or has been licensed to preach. 

PAR'SON-AGE, n. 1. In America, the glebe and house be- 
longing to a parish or ecclesiastical society, and appropri- 
ated to the maintenance of the incumbent or settled pas- 
tor of a church. — 2. In England, the benefice of a parish, 
or the house appropriated to the residence of the incum- 
bent. 

PAR-SON'I-CAL-LY, in Chesterfield, is not an authorized 
word. 

PART, 7 J. [E. pars, partis ; Fr. pai-L] 1. A portion, piece 
or fragment separated from a whole thing. 2. A portion 
or quantity of a thing not separated in fact, but considered 
or mentioned by itself. 3. A portion of number, separ- 
ated or considered by itself. 4. A portion or component 
particle. 5. A portion of man. 6. A member. 7. Par- 
ticular division ; distinct species or sort belonging to a 
whole. 8. Ingredient in a mingled mass ; a portion in a 
compound. 9. That which falls to each in division ; 
share. 10. Proportional quantity. II. S^hare j concern; 
interest. 12. Side ; party ; interest ; faction. 13. Some- 
thing relating or belonging to ; that which concerns ; as, 
for your part. 14. Share of labor, action or influence ; 
particular ollice or business. 15. Character appropriated 


In a play. 16, Action; conduct. — 17. In mathematics, 
such a portion of any quantity as, when taken a certain 
number of times, will exactly make that quantity. — Parts, 
in the plural, qualities ; powers ; faculties ; accomplish- 
ments.— Part*', applied to place, signifies quarters, re- 
gions, districts. — In good part, as well done ; favorably j 
acceptably ; in a friendly manner ; not in displeasure. — 
In ill pari, as ill done ; unfavorably ; with displeasure. — 
For the most part, commonly ; oflener than otherwise. 
Heylin. — In part, in some degree or extent ; partly. — 
Part of speech, in grammar, a sort or class of words of a 
particular character. 

PART, V. t. [L. partio ; Fr. partir.] 1. To divide, separate 
or break ; to sever into two or more pieces. 2. To divide 
into shares ; to distribute. Acts ii. 3. To separate or dis- 
unite, as things which are near each other. Ruth i. 4. 
To keep asunder ; to separate. 5. To separate, as com- 
batants. 6. To secern ; to secrete. — 7. In scamcn^s lan- 
guage, to break. 8. To separate metals. 

PART, V. i. 1. To be separated, removed or detached. 2. 
To quit each other., 3. To take or bid farewell. 4. To 
have a share. 5. [Fr. /jarhr.l To go away; to depart. 
6. To break ; to be torn asunder. — I'o part with, to quit j 
to resign ; to lose ; to be separated from, 
t PART, adv. Partly ; in some measure. Shak, 
PART'A-BLE. See Partible. 

PART' AGE, 71. Division; severance; the act of dividing or 
sharing ; a French word. \^Little rised.] Locke. 
PAR-TAKE', V. i. ; pret. partook ,* pp. partaken, [part and 
take.] 1. To take a part, portion or share in common with 
others ; to have a share or part ; to participate. 2. To 
liave something of the property, nature, claim or right. 
3. To be admitted ; not to be excluded. 

PAR-TAKE', v.t. 1. To have a part in ; to share. 2. To 
admit to a part ; [a^5.] Shak. 

PAR-TAK'EN, pp. Shared with others ; participated. 
PAR-TAK'ER, n. 1. One who has or takes a part, share or 
portion in common with others ; a sharer ; a participator j 
usually followed by of. 2. An accomplice ; an associate. 
PAR-TAK'ING, ppr. Sharing with others ; participating. 
PAR-TAK'ING, n. An associating ; combination in an evil 
design. Hale. 

PART'ED, pp. Separated ; divided ; severed. Sidney. 
PART'ER, n. One that parts or separates. 

PAR-TERRE', (par-tair') n. [Fr.] In gardening, a level 
division of ground furnished with evergreens and flowers j 
sometimes cut into shell and scroll work with alleys. 
PAR'TIAL, a. [Fr. ; L. par5.] 1. Biased to one party ; in- 
clined to favoi one party in a cause, or one side of a 
question, more than the other; not indifferent. 2. In- 
clined to favor without reason. 3. Affecting a part only ; 
not general or universal ; not total. 4. More strongly 
inclined to one thing than to others ; [colloquial.] — 5. In 
botany, subordinate. 

PAR'TIAL-IST, 71. One who is partial. [CTViMsimZ.] 
PAR-TIAL'I-TY, (par-shal'e-ty) n. 1. Inclination to favor 
one party or one side of a question more than the other ; 
an undue bias of mind towards one party or side, which 
is apt to warp the judgment. 2. A stronger inclination to 
one thing than to others, 
t PAR'TIAL-lZE, V. t. To render partial. Shak. 
PAR'TIAL-LY, adv. I. With undue bias of mind to one 
party or side ; with unjust favor or dislike. 2. In part ; 
not totally, 

PART-I-BIL'I-TY, 7i. Susceptibility of division, partition 
or severance ; separability. 

PART'I-BLE, a. [\t. partiUle.] Divisible; separable; sus- 
ceptible of severance or partition. 

PAR-TIC'I-PA-BLE, a. That may be participated. 
PAR-TIC'I-PANT, a. Sharing; having a share or part; 
followed by of. Wotton. 

PAR-TIC'I-PANT, n. A partaker; one having a share or 
part. Bacon. 

PAR-TIC'I-PATE, V. i. [L. participcL] 1. To partake ; to 
have a share in common with others. 2. To have part of 
more things than one. 

PAR-TIC'I-PATE, V. t. To partake ; to share ; to receive a 
part of. Milton. 

PAR-TIC'I-PA-TED, pp. Shared in common with others ; 
partaken. 

PAR-TIC'I-PA-TING, ppr. Having a part or share ; par- 
taking. 

PAR-TIC-I-Pa'TION, 71. 1. The state of sharing in com- 
mon with others. 2. The act or state of receiving or 
having part of something. 3. Distribution ; division into 
slicircs 

PAR-TIC'I-PA-TIVE, a. Capable of participating, 
i PAR-TI-CIP'I-AL, a. [L. participialis.] 1. Having the 
nature and use of a participle. 2. Formed from a parti- 
ciple. 

PAR-TI-CIP'I-AL-LY, adv. In the sense or manner of a 

participle. _ _ 

PAR'TI-CI-PLE, n. [L. participium.] 1. In grammar, a 
I word so called because it partakes of the properties of a 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNTTE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete. 


PAR 


592 


PAS 


noun and of a verb ; as having^ makings 2. Any thing 
that participates of different things j [ 0 J 5 .] 

PAR'TI-€LE, ?i. [It. particola ; Lt. particula.] 1. A minute 
part or portion of matter. — 2. In physics^ a minute part of 
a body, an aggregation or collection of which constitutes 
the whole body or mass. 3. Any very small portion or 
part. — 4. In the Latin churchy a cruin or little piece of 


consecrated bread. — 5. 
varied or inflected. 


In grammar j a word that is not 


PAR-TI€'U-LAR, a. [Sp., Port. ; It. particolare ; Fr. par- 
ticrdier.] 1. Pertaining to a single person or thing ; not 
general. 2. Individual; noting or designating a single 
thing by way of distinction. 3. Noting some property or 
thing peculiar. 4. Attentive to things single or distinct ; 
minute. 5. Single; not general. 6. Odd; singular; 
liaving something that eminently distinguishes one from 
others. 7. Singularly nice in taste. 8. Special ; more 
than ordinary. 9. Containing a part only. 10. Holding 
a particular estate. 

PAR-TIC'U-LAR, n. 1. A single instance ; a single point. 
2. A distinct, separate or minute part. 3. An individual ; 
a private person. 4. Private interest ; [ots.] 5. Private 
character; state of an individual; [0&5.] 6 . A minute 

detail of things singly enumerated ; — In particular., 

specially ; peculiarly ; distinctly. 

PAR-TIC-U-LAR'I-TY, n. 1. Distinct notice or specifica- 
tion of particulars. Sidney. 2. Singleness ; individuality ; 
single act ; single case. 3. Petty account ; minute inci- 
dent. 4. Something belonging to single persons. 5. 
Something peculiar or singular. 6. Minuteness in detail. 

PAR-TIC' U-LAR-IZE, v. t. To mention distinctly or in 
particulars ; to enumerate or specify in detail. 

PAR-TIC'U-LAR-iZE, v. i. To be attentive to single 
things. 

PAR-TIC'U-LAR-LY, adv. 1. Distinctly ; singly. South. 
2. In an especial manner. Dryden. 

f PAR-TIC'U-LATE, to mention, is not in use. 

JPART'ING, ppr. 1. Dividing ; separating ; breaking in 
pieces. 2. a. Given at separation. 3. Departing ; de- 
clining. 

PART'ING, n. 1. Division ; separation. Ezek. xxi.— 2. In 
chemistry, an operation by which gold and silver are sep- 
arated from each other by different menstruums. — 3. In 
seamen’s language, the breaking of a cable by violence. 

PAR'TI-SAN, n. [Fr.] 1. An adherent to a party or fac- 
tion. — 2. In war, the commander of a party or detachment 
of troops, sent on a special enterprise. 3. A person able 
in commanding a party, or dextrous in obtaining intelli- 
gence, intercepting convoys, or otherwise annoying an 


enemy. 

tuisane. 


4. A commander’s 


leading 


staff. 5. [Fr. per- 


] A kind of halberd 

PAR'TITE, a. [E. partitus.] In Jofan?/, divided. 

PAR-TI"TION, n. [E. partitio.] 1. The act of dividing, or 
state of being divided. 2 Division ; separation ; distinc- 
tion. 3. Separate part. 4. That by which different parts 
are separated. 5. Part where separation is made. 6. 
Division ofian estate into severalty, which is done by 
deed of partition. 

PAR-Ti"TION, V. t. 1. To divide into distinct parts 
To divide into shares. 

PAR'TI-TiVE, a. 


o 


In grammar. 


distributive. 


PAR'TI-TIVE-LY, adv. In a partitive manner ; distribu- 
tively. 

t PART'LET, w. 1. A ruff ; a band or collar for the neck. 
Hall. 2. A hen. Shak. 

PART'LY, ado. In part ; in some measure or degree ; not 
wholly. 

PART'NER, n. 1. One who partakes or shares with an- 
other ; a partaker; an associate. 2. An associate in any 
business or occupation ; a joint owner of stock or capital, 
employed in commerce, manufactures or other business. 
3. One who dances with another. 4. A husband or wife. 

PART'NER, v.t. To join ; to associate with a partner. 
[Little wsed.] Shak.., 

PART'NERS, n. In a ship, pieces of plank nailed round tlie 
scuttles in a deck where the masts are placed ; also, the 
scuttles themselves. 

PART'NER-SHIP, n. 1. The association of two or more 
persons for the purpose of undertaking and prosecuting 
any business. 2. Joint interest or property. • 

PAR-TOOK', pret. of partake. 

PAR'TRIDGE, n. [Fr. perdrix.'] A wild fowl. 

PAR-Tu'RI-ATE, v. i. [E. parturio.] To bring forth young. 
[Little used.] 

PAR-Tu'RI-ENT, a. [L. parturiens.] Bringing forth or 
about to bring forth young. 

PAR-TU-RI"TION, n. [L. parturio.] The act of bringing 
forth or being delivered of young. 

PAR'TY, n. [Fr. partie.] 1. A number of persons united 
in opinion or design, in opposition to others in the com- 
munity. It differs from /action, in implying a less dis- 
honorable association, or more justifiable designs. 2. One 
of two litigants ; the plaintiff or defendant in a lawsuit. 
3. One concerned or interested in an afiair. 4. Side ; 


persons engaged against each other. 5. Cause ; side. 6. 
A select company invited to an intertainment. 7. A 
single person distinct from or opposed to another. — 8. In 
military affairs, a detachment or small number of troops 
sent on a particular duty, as to intercept the enemy’s 
convoy, to reconnoiter, to seek forage, to flank the ene- 
my, &c. 

PAR'TY-€6L-ORED, a. Having divers colors. 

PAR'TY-Ju-RY, n. A jury consisting of half natives and 
half foreigners. 

PAR'TY-MAN, n. One of a party ; usually, a factious 
man ; a man of violent party principles ; an abettor of a 
party. 

PAR'TY-SPIR-IT, n. The spirit that supports a party. 

PAR'TY-WALL, n. A wall that separates one house from 
the next. Moxon. 

PAR'D, n. A singular American fish. 

t PAR'VIS, n. [Fr.] A church or church porch. 


n. Littleness. 


t PAR'VI-TUDE, 
t PAR'VI-TY, 

f PAS, n. [Fr. pas.] Right of going foremost ; precedence. 
J3rbuthnot. 


t PASCH, n. The passover; the feast of Easter. 

PAS'GHAL, a. [L. pascha.] Pertaining to the passover, or 
to Easter. 

PASCH'-EGG, n. An egg stained and presented to young 
persons, about the time of Easter. [Local.] 

PASCH'-FLOW-ER. See Pasque-Flower. 

t PASH, 7t. [Sp./az ; E. facies.] 1. A face. 2. A blow. 

t PASH, V. t. To strike ; to strike down. Dryden. 

PA-SHAW', n. [Pers. pashaw.] In the Turkish dominions, 
a viceroy, governor or commander; a bashaw. Eaton. 
See Bashaw. 

PA-SHAVV'LI€, 71. The jurisdiction of a pashaw. 

PA-SIG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. zrag and ypaepr].] A system of 
universal writing, or a manner of writing that may be 
understood and used by all nations. Good. 

PASQ,UE'-FLOW-ER, (pask'-flow-er) n. A flower; a spe- 
cies of anemone. Earn , of Plants. 

PAS'GUIL, or PAS'Q,UIN, n. A mutilated statue at Rome, 
in a corner of the palace of Ursini, on which it has been 
customary to paste satiric papers. Hence, a lampoon. 

PAS'aUIL, PAS'aUIN, or PAS-aUIN-ADE', v. t. To 
lampoon ; to satirize. Burton. 

PAS'QUIL-ER, 71. A lampooner. Burton. 

PAS-Q<UIN-aDE', 71. A lampoon or satirical writing. 

PASS, v.i. [Fr. passer It. passare.] 1. To move, in al- 
most any manner ; to go ; to proceed from one place to 
anotlrer. 2. To move from one state to another ; to alter 
or change, or to be changed in condition. 3. To vanish ; 
to disappear ; to be lost. 4. To be spent ; to go on or 
away progressively. 5. To die ; to depart from life ; 
[Z. 7t.] 6. To be in any state ; to undergo. 7. To be en- 
acted ; to receive the sanction of a legislative house or 
body by a majority of votes. 8. To be current; to gain 
reception or to be generally received. 9. To be regarded ; 
to be received in opinion or estimation. 10. To occur ; 
to be present; to take place. 11. To be done. 12. To 
determine ; to give judgment or sentence. 13. To thrust ; 
to make a push in fencing or fighting. Shak. 14. To 
omit; to suffer to go unheeded or neglected. 15. To 
move through any duct or opening. 16. To percolate ; to 
be secreted. 17. To be in a tolerable state. 18. To be 
transferred from one owner to another. 19. To go beyond 
bounds ; [oZ>5.] 20. To run or extend ; as a line or other 
thing. 

To come to pass, to happen ; to arrive ; to come ; to be ; to 
exist; a phrase much used in the ^riptures. — To pass 
away. 1. To move from sight; to vanish. 2. To be 
spent ; to be lost. — To pass by, to move near and beyond. 
— To pass on, to proceed. — To pass over, to go or move 
from side to side ; to cross.— 7'o pass into, to unite and 
blend, as two substances or colors, in such a manner that 
it is impossible to tell where one ends and the other 
begins. 

PASS, 7J. t. 1. To go beyond ; as, the sun has passed the 
meridian. 2. To go through or over; as, to pass a river. 
3. To spend ; to live through. 4. To cause to move ; to 
send ; as, to pass the bottle from one guest to another. 5. 
To cause to move hastily. 6. To transfer from one owner 
to another; to sell or assign. 7. To strain; to cause to 
percolate. 8. To utter ; to pronounce. 9. To procure or 
cause to go. 10. To put an end to. 11. To omit ; to neg- 
lect either to do or to mention. 12. To transcend ; to 
transgress or go beyond. 13. To admit ; to allow ; to ap- 
prove and receive as valid or just. 14. To approve or 
sanction by a constitutional or legal majority of votes. 
15. To enact ; to carry through all the forms necessary to 
give validity. 16. To impose fraudulently. 17. To prac- 
tice artfully ; to catise to succeed. 18. To surpass ; to ex- 
cel ; to exceed. 19. To thrust ; to make a push in fenc- 
ing. — To pass away, to spend ; to waste. — To pass by. 1. 
To pass near and beyond. 2. To overlook ; to excuse ; 
to forgive ; not to censure or punish. 3. To neglect ; 


* See Synopsis A, E, I, O, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


PAS 


593 


PAS 


to disregard. — To pass over. 1. To move from side to 
side 3 to cross. 2 To omit j to overlook or disregard. 

PASS, 71 . [W. 1. A narrow passage, entrance or 

avenue j a narrow or difficult place of entrance and exit. 
2. A passage ; a road. Raleigh. 3. Permission to pass, 
to go or to come ; a license to pass ; a passport. 4. An 
order for sending vagrants or impotent persons to their 
place of abode. — 5. lii fencing and fighting^ a thrust ; a 
push 5 attempt to stab or strike. 6. State j condition or 
extreme case j extremity. 

PaSS-PA-RoLE', 71 . [pass and parole."] In military affairs, 
a command given at the head of an army and communi- 
cated by word of mouth to the rear. 

PASS' A-BLE, a. [it. passabile.] 1. That may be passed, 
traveled or navigated. 2. That may be penetrated. 3. 
Current ; receivable ; that may be or is transferred from 
hand to hand. 4. Popular; well received. 5. Supportable. 

PASS' A-BLY, adv. Tolerably. See Passiely. 

PAS-SaDE', or PAS-Sa'DO, n. A push or thrust. 

PAS-SADE', w. [Fr.l In the a turn or course of 

a horse backwards or forwards on the same spot of 
ground. 

PASS' A(jE, n. [Fr. passage.] 1. The act of passing or 
moving by land or water, or through the air or other sub- 
stance. 2. The time of passing from one place to anoth- 
er. 3. Road ; way ; avenue ; a place where men or 
tilings may pass or be conveyed. 4. Entrance or exit. 5. 
Right of passing. 6. Occurrence ; event ; incident ; that 
which happens. 7. A passing away ; decay ; [1. u.] 8. 
Intellectuiii admittance ; mental reception. 9. Manner 
of being conducted ; management. 10. Part of a book or 
writing ; a single clause, place or part of indefinite ex- 
tent. 11. Enactment ; tlie act of carrying through all the 
regular forms necessary to give validity. — Bird of passage, 
a fowl that passes, at certain seasons, from one climate to 
another. 

PASS'A-GER, 7?. [Fr.] A traveler or voyager. This word 
is usually written passenger. 

f PAS'SANT, a. [Fr. passant.] Cursory ; careless. Barrow. 
— En passant, by the way ; slightly ; in haste. 

PASSED, or PAST, pp. 1. Gone by ; done ; accomplished ; 
ended. 2. Enacted ; having received all the formalities 
necessary to constitute a law. 

PASS'EN-GER, n. One who is traveling as in a public 
coach, or in a ship, or on foot. 

PASS'EN-GER FAL'CON, n. [Sec Falcon.] A kind of 
migratory hawk. 

PASS ER, w. One that passes ; a passenger. Rowe. 

PASS'ER-INE, a. [L. passer.] Pertaining to sparrows, 
or to the order of birds to which sparrows belong, the pas- 
seres. 

PAS-Sl-BIL'I-TY, 71. [Fr. passibilitc.] The quality or ca- 
pacity of receiving impressions from external agents ; apt- 
ness to feel or suffer. 

PAS'SI-BLE, a. [Fr. pasci&Ze.] Susceptible of feeling or of 
impressions from external agents. 

PAS'SI-BLE-NESS. The same as passibility. 

PASS'ING, ppr. 1. Moving ; proceeding. 2. a. Exceed- 
ing ; surpassing; eminent. — 3. Adverbially used to en- 
force or enhance the meaning of another word ; exceed- 
ingly. 

PASS' ING-BELL, n. The bell that rings at the hour of 
death to obtain prayers for the passing soul. 

t PASS'ING-LY, ado. Exceedingly. Wickliffe. 

PASS ING-NOTE, n. In music, a note introduced between 
two others for the purpose of softening a distance or mel- 
odizing a passage. 

PAS SION, (pash'un) n. [L. pacsio.] 1. The impression oref- 
fectof an external agent upon a body ; that which is suffered 
or received. 2. Susceptibility of impressions from external 
agents. 3. Suffering ; emphatically, the last suffering of 
tlie Savior. 4. The feeling of the mind, or the sensible 
effect of impression ; excitement, perturbation or agitation 
of mind. 5. Violent agitation or excitement of mind, 
particularly such as is occasioned by an offense, injury or 
insult ; hence, violent anger. 6. Zeal ; ardor; vehement 
desire. 7. Love. 8. Eager desire. 

f PAS'SION, V. i. To be extremely agitated. Shak. 

PAS'SION-FLOW-ER, n. A flower and plant. 

PAS'SION-WEEK, n. The week immediately preceding 
the festival of Easter ; so called because in that week our 
Savior’s passion and death took place. 

PAS'SION-A-RY, 71. A book in which are described the 
sufferings of saints and martyrs. Wart07i. 

PAS'SION-ATE, a. [It. pa55/o7»ote.] 1. Easily moved to 

anger ; easily excited or agitated by injury or insult. 2. 
Highly excited ; vehement ; warm. 3. Expressing strong 
emotion ; animated. 

f PAS'SION-ATE, V. t. To affect with passion ; to express 
passionately. Shak. 

PAS'SION-ATE-LY, adv. 1. With passion, wuth strong 
feeling; ardently; vehemently. 2. Angrily; with vehe- 
ment resentment. 


PAS'SION-ATE-NESS, n. 1. State of being subject to pas- 
sion or anger. 2. Vehemence of mind. 

PAS'SIONED, a. 1. Disordered ; violently affected. Spen- 
ser. 2. Expressing passion. Spenser. 

PAS'SION-LESS, a. 1. Not easily excited to anger ; of a 
calm temper. 2. Void of passion. 

PASS'IVE, a, [It. passive; Fr. passif; L. passivtis.] I. 
Suffering ; not acting, receiving, or capable of receiving, 
impressions from external agents. 2. Unresisting ; not 
opposing ; receiving or suffering without resistance. — 
Passive verb, in grammar, is a verb which expresses pas- 
sion, or the effect of an action of some agent ; as in L. 
doceor, I am taught. 

PASS'IVE-LY, adv. 1. With a passive nature or temper. 
2. Without agency. 3. According to the form of the 
passive verb. 

PASS'IVE-NESS, 7?. 1. duality of receiving impressions 
from external agents or causes. 2. Passibility ; capacity 
of suffering. 3. Patience ; calmness ; unresisting sub- 
mission. 

PAS-SIV'I-TY, 71. I. Passiveness, which see; [/. w.] 2. 
The tendency of a body to persevere in a given state, 
either of motion or rest, till disturbed by anotlier body. 

PASS'LESS, a. Having no passage. Cowley. 

PASS'O-VER, 77. [pass and oEcr.J 1. A. feast of the Jews, 
instituted to commemorate the providential escape of the 
Hebrews, in Egypt, when God, smiting the first-born of 
the Egyptians, passed over the houses of the Israelites, 
which were marked with the blood of the paschal lamb. 
2. The sacrifice offered at the feast of the passover. 

PASS'PORT, 77. [Fr. passeport.] 1. A written license 
from a king or other proper authority, granting permission 
or safe conduct for one to pass through his territories, or 
to pass from one country to another, or to navigate a par- 
ticular sea without hinderance or molestation. 2. A li- 
cense for importing «r exporting contraband goods or mov- 
ables without paying the usual duties. 3. That which 
enables one to pass with safety or certainty. 

t PAS'SY-MEAS'URE, n. [It. pasameiio.] An old, stately 
kind of dance ; a cinque-pace. 

PAST, pp. of pass. 1. Gone by or beyond ; not present ; not 
future. 2. Spent ; ended ; accomplished. 

PAST, 77. Elliptically, past time. Fenton. 

PAST, prep. 1. Beyond in time. Heb. x\. 2. Having lost; 
not possessing. 3. Beyond ; out of reach of. 4. Be- 
yond ; further than. 5. Above ; more than ; [o&^.] 6. 
After; beyond in time. 

PASTE, 77. [Fy. phtc, for paste.] 1. A soft composition of 
substances, as flour moistened with water or milk and 
kneaded, or any kind of earth moistened and formed to 
the consistence of dough. 2. An artificial mixture in im- 
itation of precious stones or gems, used in the glass trade. 
— 3. In mineralogy, the mineral substance in which other 
minerals are imbedded. 

PASTE, V. t. To unite or cement with paste; to fasten 
with paste. Watts. 

PASTE'BoARD, n. A species of thick paper formed of sev- 
eral single sheets pasted one upon another, or by macer- 
ating paper and casting it in molds, &c. 

PAS'TEL, 71 . 1. A plant, the W'oad, of the genus isatis. 2. 
[SpJ A coloring substance. 

PAS'TERN, 77. [Fr. p&turon.] 1. The part of a horse’s leg 
between the joint next the foot and the coronet of the 
hoof. 2. The human leg ; in contempt. 

PAS'TERN-JOINT, 77. The joint in a horse’s leg next the 
foot. 

PAS-TIG'CI-0, 77. [It.] A medley ; an olio. 

PAS'TIL, 77. [li. pastilbis ; Fr. pastille.] 1. A roll of 
paste, or a kind of paste made of different colors ground 
with gum-water in order to make crayons.— 2. In phci- 
macy, a dry composition of sweet-smelling resins, aro- 
matic woods, &c. burnt to clear and scent the air of a reem. 

PAS'TIME, 77. fpas 5 and frwe.l Sport; amusement ; diver- 
sion ; that which amuses ana serves to make time pass 
agreeably. Watts. 

PAS'TIME, V. i. To sport ; to use diversion. [Little 7tsed.] 

PAS'TOR, 77. [L. from pasco, pastinn ; Fr. paUre.] 1. A 
shepherd ; one that has the care of flocks and herds. 2. 
A minister of the gospel who has the charge of a church 
and congregation. Swift. 

PAS'TO-RAL, a. [L. pastoralis.] 1. Pertaining to shep- 
herds ; as a pastoral life. 2. Descriptive of the life ( f 
shepherds. 3. Relating to the care of souls, or to the pas- 
tor of a church. Hooker. 

PAS'TO-RAL, 77. A poem describing the life and man- 
ners of shepherds, or a poem in imitation of the action 
of a shepherd, and in which the speakers take upon 
themselves the character of shepherds ; an idyl ; a bu- 
colic. . . 

PAS'TOR-ATE, 77 . The office, state or jurisdiction of a spir- 
itual pastor. Tooke. 

PaI'TOr'lY^^’ I Becoming a pastor. Milton. 

PAS'TOR-ShIp, 77. The office or rank of pastor. Bull. 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DoVE Bl’LL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 

38 


PAT 


594 


PAT 


PaST'RY, n. 1. Things in general which are made of paste, 
or of which paste constitutes a principal ingredient. 2. 
The place where pastry is made. 

Past RY-eOOK, n. One whose occupation is to make and 
sell articles made of paste. Arhuthnot. 

PAS'TUR-A-BLE, a. [from pasture.] Fit for pasture. 

PAS'TUR-A(jE, n. [Fr. pd-turage.] 1. The business of 
feeding or grazing cattle. 2. Grazing ground j land ap- 
pro[)riated to grazing. 3. Grass for feed. 

PAST'URE, n. [Fr. pature, for pasture.] 1. Grass for the 
food of cattle ; the food of cattle taken by grazing. 2. 
Ground covered w'ith grass appropriated for the food of 
cattle. 3. Human culture ; education ; [oJs.] — Common 
of pasture is the right of feeding cattle on another's 
ground. 

PXST'fJRE, V. t. To feed on grass or to supply grass for 
food. 

PXST'URE, V. i. To graze j to take food by eating grass 
from the ground. Milton. 

PaST'Y, a. Like paste ; of the consistence of paste. Cooper. 

* PaST'Y, n. [from paste.] A pie made of paste and baked 
without a dish. Pope. 

PAT, a. [G. pass ; D. pas.] Fit ; convenient ; exactly suit- 
able either as to time or place. Sicift. 

PAT, ado. Fitly ; conveniently. Shak. 

PAT, n. [ W. fat.] A light, quick blow or stroke with the 
fingers or hand. 

PAT, V. t. To strike gently with the fingers or hand ; to 
tap. 

PA-Ta'GA, I n. A Spanish coin of the value of about 

PAT-A-eOON', i $ 1,04 cents. 

PA-TaCHE', n. [Sp.] A tender, or small vessel. 

PAT-A-VIN'I-TY, n. The use of local words, or the pecu- 
liar style or diction of Livy, the Roman historian. 

PATCH, n. [ll.peiia.] 1. A piece of cloth sewed on a 
garment to repair it. 2. A small piece of any thing used 
to repair a breach. 3. A small piece of silk used to cover 
a defect on the face, or to add a charm. 4. A piece in- 
serted in mosaic or variegated work. 5. A small piece 
of ground, or a small detached piece. 6. A paltry fellow. 

PATCH, V. t. 1. To mend by sewing on a piece or pieces. 
2. To adorn with a patch or with patches. 3. To mend 
with pieces j to repair clumsily. 4. To repair with pieces 
fastened on. 5. To make up of pieces and shreds. 6. To 
dress in a party-colored coat. 7. To make suddenly or 
liastilv ; to make without regard to forms. 

PATCHED, pp. Mended with a patch or patches j mended 
clumsily. 

PATCH'ER, n. One that patches or botches. 

PATCH'ER-Y, n. Bungling work ; botchery ; forgery. 

PATCH'ING, ppr. Mending with a piece or pieces ; botch- 
ing. 

PATCH^WORK, n. 1. Work composed of pieces of various 
figures sewed together. 2. Work composed of pieces 
clumsily put together. 

PATE, n. [qu. Ir. bathas.] 1. The head, or rather the top 
of the head. 2. The skin of a calPs head. — 3. In fortifi- 
cation^ a kind of platform resembling what is called a 
horse-shoe. 

PATTED, a. In composition^ having a pate. 

PA-TEE', } n. In heraldry., a cross small in the centre, 

PAT-TEE', li and widening to the extremities, which are 
broad. 

PAT-E-FA€'TION, n. [L. patcfactio.] The act of opening 
or manifesting ; open declaration. Pearson. 

PA-TEL'LI-FORM, a. [L. patella and form.] Of the form 
of a dish or saucer. Barton. 

PAT'EL-LITE, n. Fossil remains of the patella, a shell. 

f PAT'EN, or | PAT'IN, n. [L. patina.] 1. A plate. — ^2. 
In tlie Romish church, the cover of the chalice, used for 
holding particles of the host. 

'♦'PAT'ENT, a. [^Fr., from L. patens.] 1. Open ; spread ; 
expanded. — ^2. In botany, spreading ; forming an acute 
angle with the stem or branch. 3. Open to the perusal of 
all ; as letters patent ,• [aec Letter.] 4. Appropriated by 
letters patent. 5. Apparent ; conspicuous. 

''' PAT'ENT, 71. A writing given by the proper authority 
a!id duly authenticated, granting a privilege to some per- 
son or persons. 

* PAT'ENT, V. t. 1. To grant by patent. 2. To secure the 
exclusive right of a thing to a person. 

PAT'ENT-ED, pp. Granted by patent; secured by patent 
or by law as an exclusive privilege. 

PAT-EN-TEE', n. One to whom a grant is made or a priv- 
ilege secured by patent or by law. 

PAT'ENT-ING, ppr. Granting by patent ; securing as a 
privilege. 

* PAT'ENT-ROLLf?, n. The records or registers of pat- 
ents. 

PA-TERN'AL, a. [Fr. paternd ; h. patemus.] 1. Pertain- 
ing to a father; fatherly. 2. Derived from the father; 
hereditary. 

PA-TERX'i-TY, 77. \Fr. paternity ; It. paternitd.] Father- 
ship ; the relation of a father. Raleigh. 


* See Synopsis, A, £, T, 0, f', Y, long, — FAR, FALL, 


Pa'TER-NOS-TER, 7J. [L. our father.] The Lord’s 
prayer. 

Path, n.; plu. Paths. [Sax. path, peeth.] 1. A way beat- 
en or trodden by the feet of man or beast. 2. Any nar- 
row way beaten by the foot. 3. The way, course or track 
where a body moves in the atmosphere or in space. 4. A 
way or passage. 5. Course of life. 6. Precepts ; rules 
prescribed. 7. Course of providential dealings; moral 
government. 

PATH, V. t. [Sax. peththian.] 1. To make a path by 
treading ; to beat a path, as in snow. U. States. 2. To 
push forward ; to cause to go ; to make way for. Shak. 

PATH, V. i. To walk abroad. Shak. 

PA-THET'IC, or PA-THET'I-€AL, a. [Gr. TradyriKos.] 
Affecting or moving the passions, particularly pity, sor- 
row, grief or other tender emotion. 

PA-THET'IC, n. Style or manner adapted to awaken the 
passions, especially tender emciions. 

PA-THET'1-CAL-LV, ado. In such a manner as to excite 
the tender passions. 

PA-THET'I-CAL-NESS, n. The quality of moving the 
tender passions. 

PATH'FLY, 77. A fly found in foot-paths. 

PATH'IC, 72. [Gr. naOog.] A catamite ; a male that sub- 
mits to the crime against nature. Oillies. 

PATH'LESS, a. Having no beaten way ; untrodden. 

PA-THOG-NO-MON'IC, a. [Gr. naOoyviopoviKos.] Indi- 
cating that which is inseparable from a disease, being 
found in that and in no other; hence, indicating that 
by which a disease may be certainly known ; character- 
istic. 

PA-THOG'NO-MY, n. [Gr. nadog and yviopy.] Expression 
of the passions ; the science of the signs by which human 
passions are indicated. 

PATH-O-LOG'I^AL, | Pertaining to pathology. 

PATH-O-LOG'I-CAL-LY, ado. In the manner of pathol- 
ogy. 

PA-THOL'O-GIST, n. One who treats of pathology. 

PA-THOL'O-GY, 77. [Gr. naOo^ and Aoyof.] That part of 
medicine which explains the nature of diseases, their 
causes and symptoms. 

Pa'THOS, 77. [Gr.] Passion; warmth or vehemence, in a 
speaker ,• or, in language, that which excites emotions and 
passions. 

PATH'VVAY, 77. 1. A path ; usually, a narrow way to be 
passed on foot. 2. A way ; a course of life. 

f PAT'I-BLE, a. [L. patibilis.] Sufferable ; tolerable ; that 
may be endured. Diet. 

PA-TIB'U-LA-RY, a. [Fr. patibulaire.] Belonging to the 
gallows, or to execution on the cross. Diet. 

Pa'TIENCE, (pa'shens) n. [Fr.; h. patientia.] 1. The suf- 
fering of afflictions, pain, toil, calamity, provocation or 
other evil, with a calm, unruffled temper ; endurance 
without murmuring or fretfulness. 2. A calm temper 
which bears evils without murmuring or discontent. 3. 
The act or quality of waiting long for justice or expected 
good without discontent. 4. Perseverance ; constancy in 
labor or exertion. 5. The quality of bearing offenses and 
injuries without anger or revenge. 6. Sufferance ; per- 
mission ; [o&5.] Hooker. 7. A plant, a species of rumez 
or dock. 

Pa'TIENT, (pYshent) 0 . [Fr.; L. paf7c;75.] 1. Having the 
quality of enduring evils without murmuring or fretful- 
ness ; sustaining afflictions of body or mind with forti- 
tude. 2. Not easily provoked ; calm under the sufferance 
of injuries or offenses ; not revengeful. 3. Persevering ; 
constant in pursuit or exertion ; calmly diligent. 4. Not 
hasty ; not over eager or impetuous ; waiting or expecting 
with calmness or without discontent. 

Pa'TIENT, 77. 1. A person or thing that receives impres- 
sions from external agents ; he or that which is passively 
affected. 2. A person diseased or suffering bodily indis- 
position. 3. It is sometimes used absolutely for a sick 
person. 

t Pa'TIENT, v, t. To compose one’s self. Shak. 

Pa'TIENT-LY, ado, 1. With calmness or composure ; 
without discontent or murmuring. 2. With calm and 
constant diligence. 3. Without agitation, uneasiness or 
discontent ; without undue haste or eagerness. 

PAT'IN. See Paten. 

PAT'LY, adv. [from pat.] Filly ; conveniently. 

PAT'NESS, 7?. Fitness; suitableness; convenience. 

PX'TRI-AR CH, V. [L. patriarcha.] 1. The father and 
ruler of a family ; one who governs by paternal right. 2. 
A learned and distinguished character among the Jews. — 
3. In the Christian church, a dignitary superior to the or- 
der of archbishops. 

PA-TRI-AR€H'AL, or PA-TRI-XR€H'I€, a. 1. Belonging 
to patriarchs ; possessed by patriarchs. 2. Subject to a 
patriarch. — Patriarchal cross, in heraldry, is that where 
the shaft is twice crossed, the lower arms being longer 
than the upper ones. Encyc. 


.HIAT;— PREY;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— | • 


PAT 


595 


PAW 


Pa^TivI-ARCH-ATE, ) n. The office, dignity or jurisdiction 

PA'TRt-AReH-SlIIP, i of a patriarch. 

Pa'TRI-AR€H-Y, 11 . The jurisdiction of a patriarcli j a pa- 
triarchate. Brereicood. 

PA-TKI'CIAN, (pa-trislPan) a. [Yt.jmtricicn ; L.patricius.] 
{Senatorial ; noble ; not plebeian. Addison. 

PA-TRI^'CIAN, 11 . A nobleman. — In the Roman state^ the 
patricians were the descendants of the first Roman sena- 
tors. 

PAT-RI-Mo'NI-AL, a. [Fr.] Pertaining to a patrimony j 
inherited from ancestors. 

PAT-RI-Mo'Nl-AL-LY, adv. By inheritance. Davenant. 

PAT'RI-MO-NY, n. [h. patrimonium.] 1. A right or estate 
inherited from one’s ancestors. 2. A church estate or 
r 6 V 611 U 6 « 

* PAT'RI-OT, or PA'TRI-OT, n. [Fr. patriote.] A person 
who loves his country, and zealously supports and defends 
it and its interests. 

* PAT'RI-OT, or Pa'TRI-OT, a. Patriotic ; devoted to the 
welfare of one’s country as, patHot zeal. 
PAT-RI-OTTC, a. 1. Full of patriotism ; actuated by the 
love of one’s country. 2. Inspired by the love of one’s 
country ; directed to the public safety and welfare. 

* PAT'RI-OT-ISM, or Pa'TRI-OT-ISM, n. Love of one’s 
country ; the passion which aims to serve one’s country. 

PA-TRIS<TI€, I a. [L. paler, patres.] Pertaining to 

PA-TRIS'TI-€AL, ^ the ancient fathers of the Christian 
church. M. Stuart. 

t PA-TROCT-NATE, v. t. To patronize. 

t PA-TROC-I-Na'TION, n. Countenance j support. Hall. 

t PAT'RO-CIN-Y, n. Patronage ; support. 

PA-TRoL', I n. [Fr. patrouille.] 1. In war, a round j a 

PA-TRoLL', \ walking or marching round by a guard in 
the night, to watch and observe what passes, and to secure 
the peace and safety of a camp or other place. 2. The 
guard or persons who go the rounds for observation. 

PA-TROLL', V. i. [Fr. patrouiller.] To go the rounds in 
a camp or garrison j to march about and observe what 
passes. 

PA-TRoLL'ING, ppr. Going the rounds, as a guard. 

*PAT'RON, or PA'TRON, n. [L. patronus.] 1. Among 
the Romans, a master who had freed his slave, and re- 
tained some rights over him after his emancipation ; also, 
a man of distinction under whose protection another 
placed himself. 2. One who countenances, supports and 
protects either a person or a work. — 3. In the church of 
Rome, a guardian or saint, whose name a person bears, or 
under whose special care he is placed, and whom he in- 
vokes ; or a saint in whose name a church or order is 
founded. — 4. In the canon or common law, one who has 
the gift and disposition of a benefice. 5. An advocate ; a 
defender ; one that specially countenances and supports, 
or lends aid to advance. — 6. In seamen’s language, the 
commander of a small vessel or passage boat ; also, one 
who steers a ship’s long boat. 

PAT'RON-AGE, n. 1. Special countenance or support ; fa- 
vor or aid afiTorded to second the views of a person or to 
promote a design. 2. Guardianship, as of a saint. 3. Ad- 
vowson ; the right of presentation to a church or ecclesi- 
astical benefice. 

t PAT'RON-AGE, v. t. To patronize or support. Shak. 

* PAT'RO-NAL, a. Doing the office of a patron ; protecting j 
supporting ; favoring ; defending. [Little used.] Brown. 
PAT'RON-ESS, or PA'TRON-ESS, n. I. A female that 
favors, countenances or supports. 2. A female guardian 
saint. 3. A female that has the right of presenting to a 
church living. 

PAT'RON-IZE, V. t. 1. To support ; to countenance ; to de- 
fend, as a patron his client. 2. To favor ; to lend aid to 
promote, as an undertaking. 3. To maintain ; to defend j 
to support. 

PAT'RON-IZED, pp. Defended ; supported j favored ; pro- 
moted. 

PAT'RON-IZ-ER, n. One that supports, countenances or 
favors. 

PAT'RON-IZ-ING, pp?'. Defending; supporting; favoring; 
promoting. 

* PAT'RON-LESS, a. Destitute of a patron. Shaftsbury. 

PAT-RO-NYM'IG, n. [G. TraTouivvfxiKos.] A name of men 

or women derived from that of their parents or ancestors. 
Encvc. 

PAT'TEN, n. [Fr. patin.] 1. The base of a column or pil- 
lar. 2. A wooden shoe with an iron ring, worn to keep 
the shoes from the dirt or mud. 

PAT'TEN-MA-KER, v. One that makes pattens. 

PAT'TER, V. i. To strike, as falling drops of water or hail, 
with a quick succession of small sounds. 

PAT'TER-ING, ppr. Striking with a quick succession of 
small sounds. 

PAT'TERN, n. [Fr. pat?'o??.] I. An original or model pro- 
posed for imitation ; the archetype ; an exemplar ; that 
which is to be copied or imitated. 2. A specimen ; a 
sample ; a part showing the figure or quality of the whole. 


3. An instance ; an example. 4. Any thing cut or formed 
into the shape of something to be made after it. 

PAT'TERN, V. t. 1. To make in imitation of some model ; 
to copy. 2. To serve as an example to be followed. — To 
pattern after, to imitate ; to follow. 

PAT'TY, 11 . [,Er. phte, paste.] A little pie. 

PAT'TY-PAN, 11 . A pan to bake a little pie in. 

PAT'U-LOUS, a. [L. patidus.] Spreading, as a patulous 
calyx ; bearing the flowers loose or dispersed. 

PAU-CIL'0-Q.U Y, 11 . L. pawcu^.] The utterance of a few 
words. [Little used.] 

PAU'CI-1^, n. [L. paucitas,] 1. Fewness; smallness of 
number. 2. Smallness of quantity. 

PAUM, V. t. To impose by fraud ; a corruption of palm. 

PAUNCE, 11 . A pansy. See Pansy. 

* PAUNCH, (panch) n. [Fr. pause i It., Sp. pawza.] The 
paunch, in ruminating quadrupeds, is the first and largest 
stomach, into which the food is received before rumination. 

'♦'PAUNCH, V, t. To pierce or rip the belly ; to eviscerate ; 
to take out the contents of the belly. Shale. 

PAUP'ER, 11 . [L. pauper.] A poor person ; particularly, one 
so indigent as to depend on the parish or town for mainte- 
nance. 

PAUP'ER-ISM, n. The state of being poor or destitute of 
the means of support ; the state of indigent persons requir- 
ing support from the community. 

PAUaSE, (pawz) 71. [L., Sp., It. pause ; Fr. pause.] 1. A 
’stop ; a cessation or intermission of action, of speaking, 
singing, playing or the like ; a temporary stop or rest. 2. 
Cessation proceeding from doubt ; suspense. 3. Break or 
paragraph in writing. 4. A temporary cessation in read- 
ing. 5. A mark of cessation or intermission of the voice ; 
a point. 

PAUSE, V. i. 1. To make a short stopj to cease to speak 
’lor a time ; to intermit speaking or action. 2. To stop ; to 
wait; to forbear for a time. 3. To be intermitted. — 7’o 
pause upon, to deliberate. Shak. 

PAUS'ER, 71 . One who pauses ; one who deliberates. 

PAUS'ING, ppr. Stopping for a time ; ceasing to speak or 
’act; deliberating. 

PAUS'ING-LY, adv. After a pause ; by breaks. 

PA-VAN', 71. [Sp. pavana.] A grave dance among the 
Spaniards. Shak. 

PAVE, V. t. [Fr. paver j L. pavio.] 1. To lay or cover with 
stone or brick so as to make a level or convenient surface 
for horses, carriages or foot passengers ; to floor with brick 
or stone. 2. To prepare a passage ; to facilitate the intro- 
duction of. 

PAVED, pp. Laid over with stones or bricks ; prepared, as 
away. 

PaVE'MENT, 71 . [h. paviinentum.] A floor or covering 
consisting of stones or bricks, laid on the earth in such a 
manner as to make a hard and convenient passage. 

PAVE'MENT, V. t. To pave ; to floor with stone or brick. 
[Unusual.] Bp. Hall. 

PAV'ER, I /'..gvp'vpr'i i stones for a floor, 

PAV'IER, i ( or whose occupation is to pave. 

Gay. 

PA-VIL'ION, (pa-vil'yun) n. [Fr. pavilion.] 1. A tent; a 
temporary movable habitation. — 2. In architecture, a kind 
of turret or building, usually insulated and contained un- 
der a single roof. — 3. In military affairs, a tent raised on 
posts.— 4. In heraldry, a covering in form of a tent, in- 
vesting the armories of kings.— 5. Among jewelers, the 
under side and corner of brilliants, lying between the gir- 
dle and collet. 

PA-VIL'ION, V. t. 1. To furnish with tents. J\Iilton. 2. To 
shelter with a tent. Pope. 

PA-VIL'IONED, pp. Furnished with pavilions ; sheltered 
by a tent. 

PAV'ING, ppr. Flooring with stones or bricks. 

PAV'ING, n. Pavement ; a floor of stones or bricks. 

PA'VO, 71 . [L.J A constellation in the southern hemisphere, 
consisting oi fourteen stars ; also, a fish. 

fPA-VoNE', 71 . [L. payo.] A peacock. Spenser. 

PAV'O-NINE, a. [L. pavoiiinus.] Resembling the tail of a 
peacock; iridescent. Cleavelond. 

PAW, 71 . fVV. pawen.] 1. The foot of beasts of prey having 
’daws. 2. The hand ; in contempt. 

PAW, V. i. To draw the fore foot along the ground ; to 
’scrape wfith the fore foot. Swift. 

PAW, v.t. 1. To scrape with the fore foot. Tickel. 2. To 
handle roughly; to scratch. 3. To faw’ii ; to flatter. 
Ainsworth. 

PAWED, a. 1. Having paws. 2. Broad-footed. 

PAWK'Y,fl. [Sax. pwean.] Arch ; cunning. [Local.] Grose. 

PAWL, 71 . [W. pawl.] Among seamen, a short bar of wood 
or iron fixed close to the capstan or windlass of a ship, to 
prevent it from rolling back or giving way. 

PAWN, 71 . [D. pand ; G. pfand.] 1. Something given or 
deposited as S6curitv for the payment of money bon owed j 
a pled«^e. 2. A pledge for the fulfillment ot a promise. 
3. A common man at chess; [*’cc Peon.] In pawn, at 
pawn, the state of being pledged. Shak. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


PEA 


596 


PEA 


PAWrC, V. t. [D. panden ; Sp. cmpenar.] 1. To give or de- 
posit in pledge, or as security for the payment of money 
borrowed ; to pledge. 2. To pledge for the fulfillment of 
a promise. 

PAVVN'-BRoK-ER, 11 . One who lends money on pledge or 
the deposit of goods. Arbuthnot. 

PAWNED, pp. Pledged ; given in security. 

PAWN-EE', 11 . The person to whom a pawn is delivered as 
security ; one that takes any thing in pawn. 

PAWN'ER, 11 . One that pledges any thing as security for 
the payment of borrowed money. 

PAWiV'IxNG, ppr. Pledging, as goods ; giving as security. 

PAX, n. [L.pax.] A little image or piece of board with the 
image of Christ upon the cross on it, which people, before 
the reformation, used to kiss after the service ; the cere- 
mony being considered as the kiss oi peace. Todd. 

PAX'-WAX. See Pack -wax. 

PAY, V. t. ; pret. and pp. paid. [Fr. payer.] 1. To dis- 
charge a debt ; to deliver to a creditor the value of the 
debt, either in money or goods, to his acceptance or satis- 
faction, by which the obligation of the debtor is discharg- 
ed. 2. To discharge a duty created by promise or by cus- 
tom or by the moral law. 3. To fulfill ; to perform what 
is promised. 4. To render what is due to a superior, or 
demanded by civility or courtesy. 5. To beat. (3. To re- 
ward 5 to recompense. 

To pay for. 1. To make amends ; to atone by suffering. 
2. To give an equivalent for any thing purchased. — To 
pay, or pay over, in seamen^s language, to daub or be- 
smear the surface of any body, to preserve it from injury 
by water or weather. — To pay off, to make compensation 
to and discharge. — To pay out, to slacken, extend or cause 
to run out. Mar. Diet. 

PAY, V. i. To pay off, in seamen's language, is to fall to lee- 
ward, as the head of a ship. Mar. Diet. — To pay on, to 
beat with vigor ; to redouble blows ; [colloquial.] 

PAY, 11 . 1. Compensation; recompense; an equivalent 
given for money due, goods purchased or services per- 
formed ; salary or wages for services ; hire. 2. Compen- 
sation ; reward. 

PAY'A-RLE, a. [Fr.] That may or ought to be paid. 2. 
That can be paid ; that there is power to pay. South. 

PAY'-BILL, n. A bill of money to be paid to the soldiers of 
a company. 

PA Y'-DAY, n. The day when payment is to be made or 
debts discharged. Locke. 

PAY-EE', n. The person to whom money is to be paid. 

PAY'ER, n. One that pays. 

PAY'MAS-TER, n. 1. One who is to pay ; one from whom 
wages or reward is received. — 2. In the army, an officer 
whose duty is to pay the officers and soldiers their wages, 
and who is intrusted with money for this purpose. 

PAY'MEXT, ??. 1. TJieactof paying, or giving compensa- 
tion. 2. The thing given in discharge of a debt or fulfill- 
ment of a promise. 3. Reward ; recompense. 4. Chas- 
tisement ; sound beating ; 

PAY'NIM. SeePAiNiM. 

PaY'-OF-FICE, 11 . A place or office where payment is 
made of public debts. 

t PAYSE, t PAY'SER, for poise, poiscr. Spenser. 

PeA, (p5) 11 . [Sax. pisa ; Fr. pois.] A plant and its fruit, of 
the genus of many varieties. In the plural, w’e 

write peas, for two or more individual seeds, but pease, 
for an indefinite number in quantity or bulk. 

PkACE, ?/. [Sax., Norm, pais ; Fr. paix ; It. pace ; Sp., 
Port, paz ; L. pax..] 1. In a general sense, a state of quiet 
or tranquillity ; freedom from disturbance or agitation ; 
applicable to society, to individuals, or to the temper of 
the mind. 2. Freedom from war with a foreign nation ; 
public quiet. 3. Freedom from internal commotion or 
civil war. 4. Freedom from private quarrels, suits or dis- 
turbance. 5. Freedom from agitation or disturbance by 
tlie passions, as from fear, terror, anger, anxiety or the 
like; quietness of mind; tranquillity; calmness; quiet 
of conscience. 6. Heavenly rest ; the happiness of heaven. 
Is. Ivii. 7. Harmony ; concord ; a state of reconciliation 
between parties at variance. 8. Public tranquillity ; that 
quiet, order and security which is guarantied by the laws. 
— To be at peace, to be reconciled ; to live in harmony. — 
To make peace, to reconcile, as parties at variance. — To 
hold the peace, to be silent ; to suppress one’s thoughts ; 
not to speak. 

PeACE'A-BLE, a. 1. Free from war, tumult or public com- 
motion. 2. Free from private feuds or quarrels. 3. Qui- 
et ; undisturbed; not agitated with passion. 4. Not vio- 
lent, bloody or unnatural. 

PEACE' A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The state of being peaceable ; 
quietness. 2. Disposition to peace. Hammond. 

PeACE'A-BLY, ado. 1. Without war; without tumult or 
commotion ; without private feuds and quarrels. 2. With- 
out disturbance ; quietly ; without agitation ; without in- 
terruption. 

PP.AC£'EREAK-ER, n. One that violates or disturbs public 
peace. 


I PeACE'FTJL, a, 1. Quiet ; undisturbed ; not in a state of 
war or commotion. 2. Pacific; mild; calm. 3. Remov- 
ed from noise or tumult; still ; undisturbed. 

PeACE'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Without war or commotion. 2. 
Quietly ; without disturbance. 3. Mildly ; gently. 

PEACE'FIJL-NESS, n. 1. Quiet ; freedom from war, tu- 
mult, disturbance or discord. 2. Freedom from mental 
_perturbation. 

PeACE'LESS, <7. Without peace ; disturbed. Sandys. 

PeACE'Ma-KER, n. One who makes peace by reconciling 
j)arties that are at variance. 

PeACE'-OF-FER-ING, 11 . An offering that procures peace. 
Among the Jeics, an offering or sacrifice to God for atone- 
ment and reconciliation for a crime or offense. 

PeACE'-OF-FI-CER, 11 . A civil officer whose duty is to 
preserve the public peace. 

PeACE'-PART-ED, a. Dismissed from tlie world in peace. 

Peach, n. [Fr. piclie.] A tree and its fruit. 

t Peach, for impeach, not used. Dryden. 

PeACH'-C6L-OR, 11 . The pale red color of the peach blos- 
som. 

PeACH'-€6L-OKED, a. Of the color of a peach blossom. 

fPEACH'ER, n. An accuser. Fox. 

PeACIIICK, n. The chicken or young of the peacock. 

PeACH'-TREE, 11 . The tree that produces the peach. 

PeA'COGK, 11 . [Pea, in this word, is from D. pavo ; Sax. 
pazoa.] A large and beautiful fowl of the genus pavo. 

PeA 'GOCK-F iSH, n. A fish of the Indian seas. 

PeA^HEN, n. [G. pfauhenne, ox pfauen D. paauzein.] The 
hen or female of the peacock. 

Peak, 11 . [Sax peac ; Ir. pcac ; Fr. pigzie.] 1. The top of 
a hill or mountain, ending in a point. 2. A point; the 
end of any thing that terminates in a point. 3. 'J'he up- 
per corner of a sail which is extended by a gaffer yard ; 
also, the extremity of the yard or gaft". 

t Peak, V. i. 1. To look sickly or thin. Shak. 2. To make 
a mean figure ; to sneak. Shak. 

Peak, r. t. To raise a gaff or yard more obliquely to the 
^nast. Mar. Diet. 

PeAK'ING, a. Mean; sneaking; poor. [Vulgar.] 

PeAK'ISH, a. Denoting or belonging to an acuminated sit- 
uation. Drazjton. 

PeAL, 11 . [L. pello.] A loud sound ; usually, a succession 
of loud sounds, as of bells, thunder, &c. Addison. 

PF:AL, V. i. To utter loud and solemn sounds. 

Peal, V. t. 1. To assail with noise. 2. To cause to ring or 
sound ; to celebrate. 3. To stir or agitate ; 

Pealed, pp. Assailed with sound ; resounded ; celebrated. 

PSAL'ING, ppr. Uttering a loud sound or successive 
sounds ; resounding. 

Pe'AN, 71. [L. paan.] A song of praise or triiimph. 

Pe'AN-IS?»I, V. The 'song or shouts of praise or of battle ; 
shouts of triumph. Milford. 

PEAR, n. [Sax , Sp., Port.,. It. pern ; D. peer.] The fruit 
of the pyrus communis, of many varieties. 

PEAR'-PLANT, 11 . A plant. 

PEARCH. See Perch. 

PEARL, (perl) n. [Fr. perle ; It., Sp. perla ; .Stix. pearl.] 
1. A W’hite, hard, smooth, shining body, usually round- 
ish, found in a testaceous fish of the oyster kind. 2. Po- 
etically, something round and clear, as a drop of water 
or dew. 3. A white speck or film growing on the eye. 

PEARL, (perl) v. t. To set or adorn with pearls. 

PEARL, (perl) v. i. To resemble pearls. Spenser. 

PEARL' ASH, (perl'ash) ii. An alkali obtained from the ash- 
es of wood ; refined potash. 

PEARLED, (perld) a. Set or adorned with pearls. 

PEARL'-EYED, (perl'Ide) a. Having a speck in the eye. 

PEARL'-SIN-TER, n. Fiorite ; a variety of silicious sinter. 

PEARL'-SPAR, (perl'-spar) n. Brown spar. 

PEARL'-STONE, n. A jnineral. .Jameson. 

PE ARL'-QEli^s’ I of the genus sagina. 

PEARL' Y, (perl'y) a. 1. Containing pearls ; abounding 
with pearls. 2. Resembling pearls ; clear ; pure ; trans- 
parent. 

PEAR'MATN, ii. A variety of the apple. 

PEAR'-TREE, ??. The tree that produces pears. 

PExAS'ANT, (pez'ant) 72. [Fr. 77«7/5a7i ; Sp., Port, 

A countryman ; one whose business is rural labor. 

PEAS'ANT, (pez'ant) a. Rustic ; rural. Spenser. 

PEAS'ANT-LiKE, ) a. Rude ; clownish ; illiterate ; re- 

PEAS'ANT-LY, ) sembling peasants. 

PEAS'ANT-RY, (pez'ant-ry) n. 1. Peasants; rustics; the 
2»ody of country people. 2. Rusticity ; Butler. 

PkAS'-€OD, \n. The legume or pericarp of the pea. 

PeA'-SHELL, i Walton. 

FeA'STONE, n. A subspecies of limestone. 

PEAf«E, n. Peas collectively, or used as food. See Pea. 
PeA1\ 11 . [G. pfutzit.] A substance resembling turf, used 
as fuel. 

Pk.AT. [Fr. petit. See Pet.] 

PkAT’'-MOSS, 7J. [7;c27t and 772 055.] 1. An earthy material 
used as fuel. 2. A fen producing peat. 


* Ssc Synopsis. A, £, I, 0, 0, Vi long. — FAR, F/^LL, WHAT; — PR£Y ; — F/N, MARINE, BIRD; — \ Obsolete. 


PEC 


597 


PED 


PEB'BLE, or PEB'BLE-STONE, n. [Sax. pahob, papol- 
stana.] In popular usage^ a roundish stone of any kind, 
from the size of a nut to that of a man’s head. — In a 
philosophical sense, minerals distinguished from dints by 
their variety of colors. 

PEB'BLE-€IIYS-TAL, n. A crystal in form of nodules. 

PEB'BLED, a. Abounding with pebbles. Thomson. 

PEB'BLY, a. Full of pebbles 3 abounding with small round- 
ish stones. 

PE€'A-RY, or PE€'€A-RY, n. A quadruped of Mexico, 
in general appearance resembling a hog. 

PE€-eA-BIL'l-TY, n. State of being subject to sin 3 capa- 
city of sinning. Decay of Piety. 

PE€'€A-BLE, a. [L. pecco.] Liable to sin 3 subject to trans- 
gress the divine law. Priestley. 

PEe-€A-DIL'LO, n. [Sp. dim. from pecado ; 1 j. peccatum ; 
Fr. pcccadille.] 1. A slight trespass or offense 3 a petty 
crime or fault. 2. A sort of stiff' ruff. 

PE€'€AN-CY, n. 1. Bad quality. 2. Offense. 

PEG'CANT, a. [L. peccans Fr. peccant.'] 1. {Winning 3 
guilty of sin or transgression ; criminal. 2. Morbid 3 bad 3 
corrupt 3 not healthy. 3. Wrong 3 bad 3 defective 3 in- 
formal 3 as, a. peccant citation 3 

t PEG'GANT, w. An offender. V/hitlock. 

PEG-Ga'VI. [L. 1 have offended.] A colloquial word used 
to express confession or acknowledgment of an offense. 

PEGII'BLEND, n. [G. pech and blende.] An ore of urani- 
um 5 a metallic substance. 

PEEK, n. [Arm. peck.] 1. The fourth part of a bushel 3 a 
dry measure of eight quarts. — 2. In low language, a great 
deal. 

PECK, V. t. [It. heccare ; Sp. picar.] 1. To strike witli the 
beak 5 to thrust the beak into. 2. To strike with a point- 
ed instrument, or to delve or dig with any thing pointed, 
as with a pick-axe. 3. To pick up food with the beak. 4. 
To strike with small and repeated blows 3 to strike in a 
manner to make small impressions. In this sense, the 
verb is generally intransitive. 

PECKED, pp. Struck or penetrated with a beak or pointed 
instrument. 

PECK'ER, n. One that pecks 3 a bird that pecks holes in 
trees 5 a woodpecker. Drydcn. 

PECK'ING, ppr. Striking with the bill ; thrusting the beak 
into 3 thrusting into with a pointed instrument 3 taking up 
food with the beak. 

t PEC'KLED, for speckled. Walton. 

PEC'TI-NAL, a. [L. pecie/i, a comb 3 pecto, to comb, Gr. 
neKTtu), from ttc/cw-] Pertaining to a comb 3 resembling a 
comb. 

PEC'TI-NAL, n. A fish whose bones resemble the teeth of 
a comb. Brown. 

PEC'TI-NATE, ) a. [L. pecten.] Having resemblance 

PEC TI-NA-TED, | to the teeth of a comb. 

PEC-TI-NA^TIOM, n. 1 . The state of being pectinated. 2. 
A combing 3 the combing of the head. (Jyc. 

PEC'TI-NITE, n. [L. pecten.] A fossil pecten or scallop, or 
scallop petrified. Kirwan. 

PEC'TO-RAL, a. [L. pectoralis.] Pertaining to the breast. 

PEC'TO-RAL, n. 1 . A breastplate. 2. A sacerdotal habit or 
vestment worn by the Jewish high priest, called, in our 
version of the Bible, a breastplate . 3. A medicine adapted 

to cure or relieve complaints of the breast and lungs. 

PEC'C-LATE, V. ?. [h. pcculatus.] 1. To defraud the pub- 
lic of money or goods intrusted to one’s care, by appro- 
priating the property to one’s own use 5 to defraud by em- 
bezzlement. 2. Among civilians, to steal. 

t PEC'U-LATE, ??. Peculation. 

PEC-U-LA'TIOiY, n. The act of defrauding the public by 
appropriating to one’s own use the money or goods in- 
trusted to one’s care ; embezzlement of public money or 
goods. 

PEC'U-LA-TOR, n. [L.] One that defrauds the public by 
appropriating to his own use money intrusted to his care. 

* PE-CuL'IAR, (pe-kul'yar) G. [L,. pecnliaris.] 1. Appro- 
priate 3 belonging to a person, and to him only. 2. Singu- 
lar 3 particular. 3. Particular; special. 4. Belonging to 
a nation, system or other thing, and not to others. 

* PE-CuLff AR, (pe-kul'yar) 71. 1. Exclusive property 3 

that wliich belongs to a person fn exclusion of others. — 2 . 
In the canon law, a particular parish or church which has 
the probate of wills within itself, exempt from the juris- 
diction of the ordinary or bishop’s court. 

PE-CuL-lAR,ff-TY, (pe-kul-yar'e-te) n. Something pecul- 
iar to a person or thing 3 that which belongs to or is found 
in one person or thing and in no other. 

* PE-CuL'IAR-lZE, V. t. To appropriate 3 to make pe- 
culiar. 

* PE-CuL'IAR-LY, adv. 1. Particularly ; singly. Wood- 
ward. 2. In a manner not common to others. Drayton. 

* PE-CuL'IAR-NESS, n. The state of being peculiar ; ap- 
propriation. [Little used.] Mede. 

* PE-CtjNff A-RY, (pe-kun'ya-ry) a. [Fr. pecuniaire ; L. 
pecuniariiis.] 1 . Relating to money. 2. Consisting of 
money. 


t PE-CC'NI-OUS, a. Full of money. Sherwood. 

PED,?/. [for pad.] 1 . A small pack-saddle. Tusscr. 2. A 
basket ; a hamper. Spenser. 

PED-A-GOG'I€, 

PED-A-GOG'I-CAL, 

PED'A-GO-GISM, n. 
of a pedagogue. 

PED'A-GOGUE, (ped'a-gog) n. [Gr. naiSaywyos.] 1. A 
teacher of children 3 one whose occupation is to instruct 
young children 3 a schoolmaster. 2. A pedant. 
PED'A-GOGUE, v. t. To teach with the air of a peda- 
gogue 3 to instruct superciliously. Prior. 

PED'A-GO-GY, 72. Instruction in the first rudiments 3 pre- 
paratory discipline. South. 

Pe'DAL, g. [L. pedalis.] Pertaining to a foot. 

PEDAL, 71. 1. One of the large pipes of an organ, so called 
because played and stopped with the foot. 2. A fixed or 
stationary base. 

PED'AL-NOTE, v. In music, a holding-note. Busby. 
PE-Da'NE-OUS, a. [L. pedaneus.] Going on foot 3 walking. 
PEDANT, ?/. [Fr. pedmit.] 1. A schoolmaster. 2. A 
person who makes a vain display of his learning. 
PE-DANT'IC, ) a. Ostentatious of learning ; vainly 
PE-DANT'I-CAL, ( displaying or making a show of 
knowledge. 

PE-DANT'l-CAL-LY, \ adv. With a vain or boastful dis- 
PE-DANTffC-LY, j play of learning. 
PEDANT-IZE, V. i. To play the pedant 3 to domineer 
over lads 3 to use pedantic expressions. Cotgrave. 
PEDANT-RY, ??. [Fr. pedantcrie.] Vain ostentation of 
learning; a boastful display of knowledge. 
PE-Da'RI-AN, n. A Roman senator, who gave his vote by 
tlie feet, that is, by walking over to tiie side he espoused. 
PEDATE, a. [L. pedatvs.] In botany, divided like the 
toes. 

PED'A-TI-FID, a. [L. and A pedatifid leaf, in 

botany, is one whose parts are not entirely separate, but 
connected like the toes of a water-fowl. 

PED'DLE, V. i. 1, To be busy about trifles. 2. To travel 
about the country and retail goods. 

PED'DLE, V. t. To sell or retail, usually by traveling about 
the country. 

PEDDLING, ppr. 1. Traveling about and selling small 
wares. 2. a. Trifling; unimportant. 

PED'E-RAST, n. [Gr. uaiSepaarrjg.] A sodomite. 
PED-E-RAST'IC, a. Pertaining to pederasty. 
PED'E-RAST-Y, 71. Sodomy 3 the crime against nature. 
PED-E-Rk'RO, 71. [Sp. ped7'e7v.] A swivel gun 3 some- 
times written paterero. 

PED'ES-TAL, 71. [Sp. pedestal.] In architecture, the lowest 
part of a column or pillar, jlddison. 

PE-DES'TRI-AL, a. [L. pedestris.] Pertaining to the foot. 

J\ToSfiIC7fm 

PE-DES't'rI-AN, G. [L. pedestris.] Going on foot; walk- 
ing 3 made on foot. 

PE-DES'TRI-AN, 71. 1. One that walks or journeys on 
foot. 2. One that walks for a wager ; a remarkable 
walker. 

PE-DES'TRI-OUS, a. Going on foot 3 not winged. Brown. 
PED'I-CEL, ) 71. [L. pediculus.] In botany, the ultimate 
PEDM-CLE, I division of a common peduncle. 
PED'I-CEL-LATE, a. Having a pedicle, or supported by a 
pedicle. 

PE-DIC'U-LAR, 1 a. [L. pedicularis.] Lousy 3 having the 
PE-DI€'U-LOUS, ) lousy distemper. 

PED'I-GREE, 77 . [probably from L. pes, pedis.] 1. Line- 
age 3 line of ancestors from which a person or tribe de- 
scends 3 genealogy. 2. An account or register of a line 
of* R.riC 0 stor^ 

PED'I-LU-VY, n. [L. pes and lavo.] The bathing of the 
feet 3 a bath for the feet. 

PED'I-MENT, 7 ?. [from L. pes.] In architecture, an orna- 
ment that crowns the ordonances, finishes the fronts of 
buildings, and serves as a decoration over gates, windows 
and niches. 

PED'LER, 71. [from perZJ^e.] A traveling foot-trader; one 
that carries about small commodities on his back or in a 
cart or wagon, and sells them. Swift. 

PED'LER-ESS, n. A female pedler. Overbury. 
PED'LER-Y, n. Small wares sold or carried about for sgle 
by pedlers. 

f PED'LER-Y, a. Sold by pedlers. Bale. 
*PE-DO-BAP'TISM, 71. [Gr. naig, or uaiSog, and (Saariorpa.] 
The baptism of infants or of children. 
*PE-DO-BAP'TIST, 7 /. One that holds to infant baptism 3 
one that practices the baptism of children. 
PE-DOM'E-TER, n. [L. pes, and Gr. perpov.] An instru- 
ment by which paces are numbered as a person walks, 
and the distance from place to place ascertained. 
PED-O-MET'RI-CAL, a. Pertaining to a pedometer. 
PE-DUN'CLE, 7 /. [L. p<J 5 .] In botany, the stem or stalk 
that supports the fructification of a plant. 
PE-DUN'CU-LAR, a. Pertaining to a peduncle. MartTjn. 


I a. Suiting or belonging to a teacher 
j of children or to a pedagogue. 

The business, character or manners 


* See Synopsis. I<IOVE, BOOK, DOVE 3 — BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


PEL 


598 


PEN 


4 


PE-DUN'CU-LATE, a. Growing on a peduncle. 

t PEE, V. i. To look with one eye. Ray, 

I PEED, a. Blind of one eye. Ray. 

PEEK, in our popular dialect^ is the same as peep, to look 
through a crevice. 

PEEL, V. t. [Fr. peler, piller ; Sp. pelar, pillar.] 1. To 
strip off skin, bark or rind without a cutting instrument ; 
to strip by drawing or tearing off the skin ; to bark j to 
day j to decorticate. — 2. In a general sense, to remove the 
skin, bark or rind, even with an instrument. 3. To 
strip 5 to plunder 5 to pillage. 

PEEL, n. [L. pcllis ; Fr. peau.] The skin or rind. 

PEEL, n. [Fr. A kind of wooden shovel used by 

bakers, with a broad palm and long handle 5 hence, in 
popular use in Jimerica, any large fire-shovel. 

PEELED,;)/). Stripped of skin, bark or rind j plundered} 
pillaged. 

PEEL'ER, 71. L One that peels, strips or hays. 2, A plun- 
derer ; a pillager. 

PEEL'ING, ppr. Stripping off skin or bark ; plundering. 

PEEP, v.i. [Ir. piobam', 1). jdepen.] 1. To begin to ap- 
pear} to make the first appearance} to issue or come 
forth from concealment. 2. To look through a crevice } 
to look narrowly, closely or slily. .3. To cry, as chick- 
ens } to utter a fine shrill sound, as through a crevice. 

PEEP, 71. 1. First appearance. 2. A sly look, or a look 
through a crevice. 3. The cry of a chicken. 

PEEP'ER, 71. L chicken just breaking the shell. Bram- 
sto7i. — 2. In familiar laiiguage, the eye. 

PEEP'-HOLE, / n. A hole or creVice through which 

PEEP'ING-HOLE, | one may peep. 

PEER, 71. [Fr. pair; L. par.] 1. An equal} one of the 
same rank. 2. An equal in excellence or endowments. 
3. A companion } a fellow } an associate. 4. A noble- 
man. 

PEER, V. i. [L. pareo.] 1. To come just in sight ; to ap- 
pear } a poetic word. Shak. 2. To look narrowly } to 
peep. 

t PEER, V. t. To make equal } to make of the same rank. 

PEER' AGE, 71. 1. The rank or dignity of a peer or noble- 
man. Blackstone. 2. The body of peers. Drvden. 

t PEER'DOM, n. Peerage. 

PEER'ESS, n. The consort of a peer } a noble lady. 

PEER'LESS, a. Unequaled } having no peer or equal. 

PEER'LESS-LY, adv. Without an equal. 

PEER'LESS-NESS, n. The state of having no equal. 

PEEV'ISH, a. [Scot. pc7/5, to complain.] 1. Fretful} petu- 
lant } apt to mutter and complain } easily vexed or fret- 
ted } querulous } hard to please. 2. Expressing discontent 
and fretfulness. 3. Silly } childish. 

PEEV'ISH-LY, adi\ Fretfully} petulantly} with discon- 
tent and murmuring. Hayward. 

PEEVTSH-NESS, n. Fretfulness } petulance} disposition 
to murmur } sourness of temper. Swi ft. 

PEFF, V. i. To cough sliort and faintly, as sheep. Grose. 

PEG, 71. [1j. pango, pactus.] ]. A small pointed piece of 
wood used in fastening boards or other work of wood. 2. 
The pins of an instrument on which the strings are 
strained. 3. A nickname for Margaret, — To take a peg 
lower, to depress } to lower. Hudibras. 

PEG, V. t. To fasten with pegs. Evelyn. 

PEG'GER, n. One that fastens with pegs. Sherwood. 

PEGM, (pern) n. [Gr. nyypa.] A sort of moving machine in 
the old pageants. B. Jonson. 

PEG'MA-TlTE, n. Primitive granitic rock. 

PEI-RAS'TIC, a. \Gr. TreioaaTiKog.] 1. Attempting } mak- 
ing trial. 2. Treating of or representing trials or at- 
tempts. 

PEfSE. See Poise. 

PEK'AN, 7). A species of weasel. Pennant. 

PEL'AGE, 7). [Fr.] The vesture or covering of wild beasts, 
consisting of hair, fur or wool. 

PE-LA'GI-AA', \ a. [L. pelagus.] Pertaining to the sea. 

PEL'A-(?IG, ^ .lourn. of Science. 

PE-La'GI-AN, 7). [from Pclagius.] A follower of Pelagius. 
Bp. Hall. 

PE-LA'GI-AX, a. Pertaining to Pelagius and his doctrines. 

PE-La'G[-AN-I?M, 71. 'Jdie doctrines of Pelagius. South. 

PELF, 77. [probably allied to ;)t7/er.] jMoney ; riches. 

t PEL'FRY, or PEL'FRAY, formerly used for pelf. 

PEL'I-€AN, 71. [Low L. pelicanas.] 1. A fowl of the ge- 
nus pelicanus. 2. A chemical glass vessel or alembic 
with a tubulated capital. 

PE'LI-OM, 71. [Gr. rcAtw/m.] A mineral. 

PE-IASSE*, (pe-lees') «. [Fr.] Originally, a {nned robe or 
coat. But the name is now given to a silk coat or habit 
worn by ladies. 

PELL, 7). [h. pellis : \i. pellc.] A skin or hide. — Clerk of 
the pells, in F.ngland, an officer of the exchequer, who en- 
ters every teller’s bill on the })archrnent rolls, the roll of 
receipts and the roll of disbursements. 

PEL'LET, 77. [Fr. pelote.] 1. A little ball. Bacon. 2. A 
bullet } a ball for fire-arms } [0&5.] Bacon. 



i 

I 


I 


I 


t 

( 


1 


t PEL'LET, t. To form into little balls. Shak. 
PEL'LET-ED, a. Consisting of bullets. Shak. 
PEL'LI-CLE, 77. [L. pellic7da.] 1. A thin skin or film. 2 
Among chemists, a thin, saline crust formed on the sur- 
face of a solution of salt evaporated to a certain degree. 
PEL'LI-TO-RY, 71. [Sp. pelitre.] The name of several 
plants of different genera. 

PELL'-MELL, ado. With confused violence. Shak. 


PELLS, 77. [L. pellis. 
belonging to the exc 
into a parchment rol 


Pells, or clerk of the pells, an officer 


lequer, who enters every teller’s bill 
called pellis acceptorum, \he roll of re- 
ceipts } and also makes another roll called pellis exituum, a 
roll of disbursements. 

PEL-Lu'CID, a. [h. pellucidus.l^ Perfectly clear} transpa- 
rent } not opake. Woodioard. 

PEL-LU-CID'J-TY, in. Perfect clearness} transparency. 

PEL-LU'CID-NESS, i Locke. 

PELT, 77. [G.pelz; L. pellis.] 1. The skin of a beast with 
the hair on it } a raw hide. 2. The quarry of a hawk all 
torn. 3. A blow or stroke from something thrown. 

PELT, V. t. [Fr. peloter, from pelote.] 1. Properly, to strike 
with something thrown, driven or falling. 2. To drive 
by throwing something. Mterbury. 

PELT' ATE, ) a. [L. pelta.] In botany, having the shape 


PELT'A-TED, ) of a target or round shield. 

PELT'ATE-LY, adv. In the form of a target. Eaton. 

PELT'ED, pp. Struck with something thrown or driven. 

PELT'ER, 77. One that pelts } also, a pinch-penny } a mean, 
sordid person. Huloet. 

PELT'ING, ppr. Striking with something thrown or driven. 

PELT'ING, 77. An assault with any thing thrown. Shak. 

PEL7''ING, a. In Shakspeare, mean } paltry. [Improper.] 

PELT'-M6N-GER, n. A dealer in pelts or raw hides. 

PEL'TRV^, 77. The skins of animals producing fur} skins 
with the fur on them} furs in general. Smollett. 

PEL-VIM'E-TER, n. [L. pelvis, and Gr. pcTpov.] An in- 
strument to measure the dimensions of the female pelvis. 

PEL'VIS, 77. [L. peZris.] The cavity of the body formed 
by the os sacrum, os coccyx, and ossa innominata, forming 
the lower part of the abdomen. 

PEX, 77. [L. penna ; Ssx. pinn ; D. peni.] 1. An instrument 
used for writing, usually made of the quill of some large 
fowl, but it may be of any other material. 2. A feather } 
a wing } [06s.] Spenser. 

PEN, V. t. ; pret. and pp. penned. To write } to compose and 
commit to paper. .Addison. 

PEN, 77. [gax. prnan.] A small inclosure for beasts, as for 
cows or sheep. 

PEN, r. t. ; pret. and pp. penned, or pent. To shut in a pen ; 
to confine in a small inclosure } to coop } to confine in a 
narrow place. Milton. 

Pe'NAL, a. [Fr., Sp. ; It. penale.] 1. Enacting punish- 
ment } denouncing the punishment of offenses. 2. In- 
flicting punishment. 3. Incurring punishment } subject 
to a penalty. 

f PE-NA]j'I-TY, 77. Liableness or condemnation to punish- 
ment. Brown. 


PEN'AL-TY, 77. [It. penalitd.] 1 . The suffering in person 
or property which is annexed by law or judicial decision 
to the commission of a crime, offense or trespass, as a 
punishment. 2. The suffering to which a person subjects 
himself by covenant or agreement, in case of non-fulfill- 
ment of his stipulations } the forfeiture or sum to be for- 
feited for non-payment, or for non-compliance with an 
agreement. 

PEN'ANCE, a. [Sp. penantc.] 1. The suffering, labor or 
pain to which a person voluntarily subjects himself, or 
which is imposed on him by authority as a punishment 
for his faults, or as an expression of penitence. 2. Re- 
pentance. 

BENCE, (pens) n. The plural of penny, when used ol’ a 
sum of money or value. 

PEN'CIL, 77. [Fr. p 7 / 7 ccfl 7 t ; Fp. pined] 1 . A small brush 
used by painters for laying on colors. 2. A pen formed 
of carburet of iron or plumbago, black lead or red chalk, 
with a point at one end, used for writing and drawing. 
3. Any instrument of writing without ink. 4. An aggre- 
gate or collection of rays of light. 

PEX'CIL,?;. t. To paint br draw } to write or mark with a 
pencil. Shak. 

PEX'CILED, pp. 1. Painted, drawn or marked with a pen- 
cil. 2. Radiated} having pencils of rays. 

PEX'CIL-ING, pp/*. Painting, drawing or marking with a 
pencil. 

PEX^'CIL-SIIaPED, a. Having the shape of a pencil. 

PEND' ANT, 77. [Fr. } L. pendeo.] 1. An ornament or jew- 
el hanging at the ear, usually composed of pearl or some 
precious stone. 2. Any thing hanging by way of orna- 
ment. — 3. In heraldry, a part hanging from the* label, re- 
sembling the drops in the Doric frieze. 4. A streamer } a 
small flag, or long, narrow banner, displayed from a ship’s 
mast head, usually terminating in two points called the 
.sivnllow^s tail. 5. A short piece of rope fixed on each 
side under the shrouds, on the heads of the main and fore 


See Synopsis. A, E, T, d, f7, Y, long.—FAll, FAI.L, WfI.;\T PREY }— PIN, MARINE, BiRD }— f Obsolete. 


PEN 


599 


PEN 


masts, having an iron thimble to receive the hooks of the 
tackle. 6. A pendulum ; [065.] 

PEND ENCE, n. [L. pendciis.] Slope ; inclination. 

PEND'EN-CY, n. [L. pendais.] Suspense 5 the state of 
being undecided. 

PEND ENT, a. [L. pcndeiis.'] 1. Hanging ; fastened at one 
end, the other being loose. 2. Jutting overj projecting. 
3. Supported above the ground. 

PEND'JNG, a. [L. pendco.^ Depending ; remaining unde- 
cided ; not terminated. 

fPEN'DULE, n. A pendulum. Evelyn. 

PEND-U-LOS'I-TY, ) n. The state of hanging: suspen- 

PENDTJ-LOUS-NESS, j sion. 

PEiVD^U-LOUS, a. [L. pe/irfiiZirs.] Hanging ; swinging j 
fastened at one end, the other being movable. 

PEND'U-LUM, n. [L. pendulus, pendalwn.] A vibrating 
body suspended from a fixed point. 

PExV-E-TilA-BILT-TY, n. Susceptibility of being penetrat- 
ed, or of being entered or passed through by another body. 

PEN'E-TRA-BLE, a. [F. ; h. penetrabilis.'\ 1. That maybe 
penetrated, entered or pierced by another body. 2. Sus- 
ceptible of moral or intellectual impression. 

t PEN'E-TRAIL, n. [L. penetralia.'] Interior parts. 

PEN'E-TRAN-CY, n. [L. penetrans.] Power of entering or 
piercing. Ray. 

PEN'E-I’RANT, a. \E. penetrans.] Having the power to 
enter or pierce 5 sharp ; subtil. Boyle. 

PEN'E-TRATE, tj. t. [L. penetro.] 1. To enter or pierce; 
to make way into another body. 2. To affect the mind ; 
to cause to feel. 3. To reach by the intellect ; to under- 
stand. 4> To enter ; to pass into the interior. 

PEN'E-TRATE, r. i. 1. To pass; to make way. 2. To 
make way intellectually. 

PEN'E-TRA-TED, pp. Entered ; pierced ; understood ; 
fathomed. 

PEN'E-TRA-TING, ppr. 1. Entering ; piercing ; under- 
standing. 2. a. Having the power of entering or piercing 
another body ; sharp ; subtil. 3. Acute ; discerning ; 
quick to understand. 

PEN-E-TRA'TION, n. 1. The act of entering a body. 2. 
I^Iental entrance into any thing abstruse. 3. Acuteness ; 
sagacity. 

PEN'E-TRA-TIVE, a. 1. Piercing; sharp; subtil. Wotton. 
2. Acute ; sagacious ; discerning. Swift. 3. Having the 
power to affect or impress the mind. Shak. 

PEN'E-TRA-TIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being pene- 
trative. 

PENTTSH, n. A kind of eelpout with a smooth skin. 

PEN'GUIN, n. 1. A genus of fowls. 2. A species of fruit. 
Miller, 

PEN'I-CIL, n. [L. penicillus.] 1. Among a tent 

or pledget for \vounds or ulcers. 2. A species of tSiell. 

PEN-IN'tSU-LA, 71. [L. pene and insula; It. penesolo.] 1. A 
portion of land, connected with a continent by a narrow 
neck or isthmus, but nearly surrounded with water. 2. 
A large extent of country joining the main land by a part 
narrower than the tract itself. 

PEN-IN'S LF-LAR, ff. In the form or state of a peninsula; 
pertaining to a peninsula. 

PEN-IN'SU-LATE, 7J. t. To encompass almost with water ; 
to form a peninsula. Bentleifs Hist. Coll. 

PEN-IN'S U-LA-TED, pp. Almost surrounded with water. 

PEN-IN'SU-LA-TING, JW- Nearly surrounding with wa- 
ter. 

PEN'I-TENCE, ) 71. [Fr. penitence ; L. pcenitcntia.] lle- 

PEN'I-TEN-CY, \ pentance ; pain ; sorrow or grief of 
heart for sins or offenses ; contrition. 

PEN'I-TENT, a. [Fr. ; L. pmiitens.] Suffering pain or 
sorrow of heart on account of sins, crimes or offenses ; 
contrite. 

PEN'I-TENT, 71. 1. One that repents of sin ; one sorrowTul 
on account of his transgressions. 2. One under church 
censure, but admitted to penance. 3. One under the di- 
rection of a confessor. — Penitents is an appellation giv^en 
to certain fraternities in Catholic countries. 

PEN-I-TEN'TIAL, a. [Fr. penitentiel.] Proceeding from 
or expressing penitence or contrition of heart. 

PEN-I-TEN'TIAL, n. Among the Romanists, a book con- 
taining the rules which relate to penance and the reconcil- 
iation of penitents. 

PEN-I-TEN'TIA-RY’', a. Relating to penance, or to the 
rules and measures of penance. Bramhall. 

PEN-l-TEN'TIA-RY, 77. 1. One that prescribes the rules 

and measures of penance. 2. A penitent ; one that does 
penance. Hammond. — 3. At the court of Rome, an office 
in w’hich are examined and delivered out the secret bulls, 
graces or dispensations relating to cases of conscience, 
confession, &c. Encyc. 4. An officer in some cathedrals, 
vested with power from the bishop to absolve in cases re- 
served to him. 5. A house of correction in which offend- 
ers are confined for punishment and reformation, and 
compelled to labor ; a workhouse. 

PEN'I-TENT-LY, adv. With penitence ; with repentance, 
sorrow or contrition for sin. 


PEN-KNIFE, n. [See Pen and Knife.] A small knife used 
for making and mending pens. 

PENMAN, 71. ; pine. Penmen. 1. A man that professes or 
teaches tlie art of writing. 2. One that writes a good 
hand. 3. An author ; a writer. 

PEN'MAN-SHIP, 71. 1. The use of the pep in writing; the 
art of writing. 2. Manner of writing. 

PEN'NACHED, a. [Fr. pennach^.] Radiated ; diversified 
with natural stripes of various colors ; as a flower. [ L. w.] 

PEN'NANT, or PEN'NON, n. [Fr. fanion, pennon ; It. pen- 
none ; Sp. pendon.] 1. A small flag ; a banner ; [see Pen- 
dant.] 2. A tackle for hoisting things on board a ship. 

PEN'NATE, ) a. [L. pennatus.] 1. Winged. — 2. In bot~ 

PEN'NA-TED, ^ any, a pennate leaf is a compound leaf 
in which a simple petiole has several leaflets attached to 
each side of it. 

PENNED, pp. Written. 

PENNED, G. Winged; having plumes. Huloet. 

PEN'NER, n. 1. A writer. 2. A pen-case ; [local.] 

PEN'NI-FORM, a. [~L. penna tmd foryn.] Having the form 
of a quill or feather. Encyc. 

PEN'NI-LESS, a. Moneyless ; destitute of money ; poor. 

t PENNING, 77. Written work ; composition. Shale. 

PEN'NING, ppr. Committing to writing. 

PEN'NON. See Pennant. 

PEN'NY, 71 . ; plu. Pennies, or Pence. Pennies denotes the 
number of coins ; pence the amount of pennies in value. 
[Sax. ; D., ^\v. penning.] 1. An ancient English 
silver coin ; but now an imaginary money of account, 
twelve of which are equal to a shilling.— 2. In ancient 
English statutes, diUy or all silver money. — 3. Proverbially, 
a small stun. 4. Money in general. 

PEN'NY-PoST, n. One that carries letters from the post 
office and delivers them to the proper persons. 

PEN-NY-ROY'AL, n. A plant of the genus mentha. 

PEN'NY-W£1IGHT, n. A troy weight containing twenty- 
four grains. 

PEN'NY-WISE, a. Saving small sums at the hazard of 
larger ; niggardly on improper occasions. 

* PEN'N Y-WoRTH, n. As much as is bought for a penny. 
2. Any purchase ; any thing bought or sold for money ; that 
which is worth the money given. 3. A good bargain ; 
something advantageously purchased, or for less than it is 
worth. 4. A small quantity. 

PEN'SILE, a. [L. pensilis.] 1. Hanging ; suspended. 2. 
Supported above the ground. 

PEN'SILE-NESS, n. The state of hanging. Bacon. 

PENSION, 77. [Fr., Sp. ; It. pensione.] 1. An annual 

allowance of a sum of money to a person by government 
in consideration of past services. 2. An annual payment 
by an individual to an old or disabled servant. — 3. In 
Great Britain, an annual allowance made by government 
to indigent widows of officers killed or dying in public ser- 
vice. 4. Payment of money ; rent. 5. A yearly payment 
in the inns of court. Eng. 6. A certain sum of money 
paid to a clergyman in lieu of tithes. Cyc. 7. An allow- 
ance or annual payment, considered in the light of a bribe. 

PENSION, V, t. To grant a pension to ; to grant an annual 
allowance from the public treasury to a person for past 
services, or on account of disability incurred in public 
service, or of old age. 

PEN'SION-A-RY, a. 1. Maintained by a pension ; receiving 
a pension. 2. Consisting in a pension. 

PEN'SION-A-RY, n. A person who receives a pension 
from government for past services. 2. The first minister 
of the states of the province of Holland ; also, the first 
minister of the regency of a city in Holland. Enaje. 

PENSIONED, pp. Having a pension. 

PEN'SI0N-ER,77. 1. One to whom an annual sum of money 
is paid by government in consideration of past services. 2. 
One who receives an annual allowance for services. 3. 
A dependent. — 4. In the university of Cambridge, Eng. 
and in that of Dublin, an undergraduate or bachelor of 
arts wflio lives at his own expense. 5. One of an honor- 
able band of gentlemen who attend on the king of Eng- 
land, and receive a pension or an annual allowance of a 
hundred pounds. 

PEN'SION-ING, ppr. Granting an annual allowance for 
past services. 

PEN'SIVE, a. [It. pensivo ; Fr. pensif] 1. Literally, 
thoughtful ; employed in serious study or reflection ; but 
it often implies some degree of sorrow, anxiety, depres- 
sion or gloom of mind ; thoughtful and sad, or sorrowful. 
2. Expressing thoughtfulness with sadness. 

PEN'SIVE-LY, Grfe. With thoughtfulness; with gloomy 
seriousness or some degree of melancholy. 

PEN'SiVE-NESS, n. Gloomy thoughtfulness ; melancholy ; 
seriousness from depressed spirits. 

PEN'STOCK, n. [pen and stoci.] A narrow or confined 
place formed by a frame of timber planked or boarded, for 
holding or conducting water. 

PENT, pp. of pen. Shut up ; closely confined. 

PEN-TA-€AP'SU-LAR, a. [Gr. nevre, and capsular.] In 
botany, having five capsules. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, B9OK, DOVE B^JLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. ^Obsolete. 


PEN 


PER 


PEX'TA-€HORD, n. [Gr. tuvtc^ and chard.] 1. An instru- 
ment of music with five strings. 2. An order or system 
of five sounds. 


PEX'TA-COG-€OUS, a. [Gr. nevrcy and L. coccus.] Hav- 
ing or containing five grains or seeds. 

PE:\'TA-GOST-Ek, R. [Gr.] In ancieut Greece, a military 
officer commanding fifty men. Mitford. 

PEN'TA-€OS-TYS, 71. [Gr.] A body of fifty soldiers. 

PEN-TA€'R[-NITE, 71. The fossil remains of a zoophyte. 

PEN-TA-GROS^TI€, a. [Gr. ttcvtc, and acrostic.] Contain- 
ing five acrostics of the ’same name in five divisions of 
each verse. 

PEN-TA-€ROS'TIG, 71. A set of verses so disposed as to 
have five acrostics of the same name in five divisions of 
each verse. 


PEN-TA-DAG'TYL, 71 . [Gr. aerre and 6aKrv\os.] 1. In 
botany y a plant cuWeAfice fingers. Encyc. — 2. In ichthyolo- 
gy, the five-fingered fish. 

PEN'TA-G(3N, ?/. [Gr. nevre and ymaa.] 1. In geometry, a. 
figure of five sides and five angles. — 2. In foriificatmi, a 
fort with five bastions. 

PEN-TAG'O-NAL, 1 a. Having five corners or angles. 

PEN-TAG'O-NOUj?, i Martyn. 

PEN'TA-GRAPH, w. [Gr. ttevtc and ypacpu).] An instru- 
ment for drawing figures in any proportion. 

PEX-TA-GRAPH'1€, ) a. Pertaining to a pentagraph 3 

PEN-TA-GRAPIPI-CAL, ) performed by a pentagraph. 

PEX'TA-GYN, n. [Gr. r.evre and ywy.] In botany, a plant 
having five pistils. 

PEN-TA-GYNT-AN, a. Having five pistils. 

plN-TA-ni'DROUS, i five equal sidee. 


PEN-TA-He^DRON, n. [Gr. rrcprc and tt^pa.] A figure 
having five equal sides. 

PEN-TA-HEX-A-HE'DRAIi, fl. [Gr. Rcvrc, nndihexahedral.] 
In cry sialography, exhibiting five ranges of faces one 
above another, each range containing six faces. 

PEN-TAM'E-TER, 71. [Gr. nevre and /uerpov.] In ancient 
poctny, a verse of five feet. 

PEN-TAM'E-TER, a. Having five metrical feet. Warton. 

PEN-TAN'DER, n. [Gr. ntvTZ and avyo.] In botany, a 
plant having five stamens. 

PEN-TAN'DRI-AN, a. Having five stamens. 

PEN-TAN'GU-LAR, a. [Gr. T^evre, and angular.] Having 
five corners or angles. Greiv. 


PEN-TA-PET/A-LOUS, a. [Gr. nevre and ircraXov.] Hav- 
ing five petals or flower-leaves. E7icyc. 


PEN-TAPH'YL-LOUS, a. [Gr. revre and (pv'hXov.] Hav- 
ing five leaves. 

PEN'TAR-€HY, n. [Gr. nevre and apx^.] A government 
in the hands of five persons. Bracer, 

PEN'TA-SPAST, n. [Gr. ntvre and anao).] An engine 
with five pulleys. Diet. 

PEN-TA-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. rrevre and cr^enpa.] Con- 
taining five seeds. Encyc. 

PEN'TA-STICH, ?i. [Gr. aevre and ort;^of.] A composition 
consisting of five verses. Diet. 

PEN'TA-STYLE, 71. [Gr. nevre and oraXof.] In architec- 
ture, a work containing five rows or columns. 

PEN'TA-TEuCH, n. [Gr. nevre and rci);)||;o?.] The first 
five books of the Old Testament. 

PEN'TE-€ONT-ER, n. A Grecian vessel of fifty oars, 
smaller than a trireme. Mitford. 

* PEN'TE-COST, 71. [Gr. nevreKoare.] 1. A solemn festi- 
val of the Jews, so called because celebrated on the fifti- 
eth day after the sixteenth of Nisan, which was the second 
day of the passover. 2. Vv hitsuntide, a solemn feast of 
the church, held in commemoration of the descent of the 
Holy Spirit on the apostles. 

PEN^TE-COS-TATj, a. Pertaining to Whitsuntide. 

PEN-TE-€OS'TALlp, 71. Oblations formerly made by par- 
ishioners to the parish priest at the feast of Pentecost. 

PENTflIOUSE, 71. [Fr. pemte, and hmise.] A shed standing 
aslope from the main wall or building. 

PEX'TTCE, 71. [\t. pendice.] A sloping roof. [Little used.] 

PEN^TILE, 71. I Fr. pente, and tile.] A tile for covering the 
sloping part of a roof. .Johnsoyt. 


I 

I 

I 


PEiV'TRE-MITE, 71. A genus of zoophytes. 

PE-XULT^, 71 . [L. pcnultiniTis.] The last syllable of a 
word except one. 

PE-NUL'J’H-iMA. The same txs penult. 

PE-NULTT-MATE, a. The last but one ; a word used of 
the last syllable of a word except one. It may be some- 
times used as a 7ioun. 

PE-XUM'BRA, 71. [L. pene and umbra.] In astro7iom7j, a 
partial shade or obscurity on the margin of the perfect 
shade in an eclipse. 

PE-NO'RI-OHS, e. [It. penurioso.] 1. Excessively saving 
or sparing in the use of money ; parsimonious to a fault 3 
sordid. 2. Scanty 5 affording little. Addison. 


! PE-NO'RI-OUS-LY, adc. In a saving or parsimonious 
! manner; with scanty supply. 

I PE-NC'RI-OUS-NESS, ?i. I. Parsimony ; a sordid dispo- 
j sition to save money. 2. Scantiness ; not plenty. 

j PEX'U-RY, 71. [L.penuria.] Want of property ; indigence; 
I extreme poverty. Sprat. 

I Pe'OA^, 71. I. In Hindostan, a foot-soldier. — 2. In Fru7ice, a 
! ^ommon man in chess ; usually written and called paten. 

I Pe'O-XY, 71. [L. p(B07iia.] A plant and flower of the genus 
j £ceonia. It is written also piotiy. 

PeO'PLE, (pe'pl) 71. [Ft. peuple i L. populus ; Sp. pueblo.] 
]. The body of persons who compose a community, town, 

I city or nation. 2. The vulgar; the mass of illiterate 

I persons. 3. The commonalty, as distinct from men of 

rank. 4. Persons of a particular class ; a part of a nation 
or community. 5. Persons in general ; any persons in- 
definitely. (5. A collection or community of animals. — 7. 
When people signifies a separate nation or tribe, it has the 
plural number. — 8. In Scripture, fathers or kindred. 9. 
The Gentiles. 

PeO'PLE, V. t. [Fr. peupler.] To stock with inhabitants. 

PeOTLED, pp. Stocked or mrnished with inhabitants. 

PeO'PLIA'G, ppr. Stocking with inhabitants. 

PeO'PLISH, a. Vulgar. Chaucer. 

PE-PAS'Tie, 71. [Gr. nenazvw.] A medicine that serves to 
help digestion. Coze. 

PEPTER, 71. [1j. piper', peppor ^ D.peper.] A plant 
and its seed or grain, of the genwB piper . It has a strong 
aromatic smell and a pungent taste. 

PEPPERjTj. t. 1. To sprinkle with pepper. 2. To beat; 
to pelt Vv^ith shot; to mangle with blows. Shak. 

PEP'P£R-BOX, 71 . A small box with a perforated lid, used 
for sprinkling pulverized pepper on food. 

PEP P£R-€aKE, 71. A kind of spiced cake or gingerbread. 

PEPTER-€ORN^, n. 1. The berry or seed of the pepper- 
plant. 2. Something of inconsiderable value, 
j PEPTERED, pp. Sprinkled with pepper ; pelted ; spotted. 

PEPTER-GlX'GER-BREAD, 71. A kind of cake made in 
England. 

PEP'PER-GRaSS, 71. A plant. 

PEPTER-ING, ppr. 1. Sprinkling ith pepper ; pelting. 2. 
a. Hot ; pungent ; angry. Swift. 

PEPTER-MINT, n. A plant of the genus mentha. 

PEPTER-MINT-TREE, v. The eucalyptus piperita. 

PEP'PER-POT, 71. A plant of the genus capsicutn. 

PEPTER-TREE, 71. A plant of the genus vitis. 

PEPTER-WA-TER, n. A liquor prepared from powdered 
black pepper, used in microscopical observations. 

PEP'PER-WGRT, 71 . A plant of the genus lepidiurn. 

PEP'TIG, 17. [Gr. TrcTrru'oj.] Promoting digestion ; dietetic. 

PER. A Latin prepasition, denoting through, passing, or 
over the whole extent, as in peratnbiilo. Hence it is 
sometimes equivalent to very in English, as in peracutus, 
very sharp. As n prefix, in English, it retains these signi- 
fications, and in chemistry it is used to denote very or 
fully, to the utm.ost extent, as in peroxyd, a substance oxy- 
dated to the utmost degree. — Per is used also for by ; as, 
per bearer, by the bearer. — Per annum. [^L.l By the year ; 
in each year successively. — Perse. [L.j By himself; by 
itself ; by themselves. 

t PER-A€T', V. t. To perform ; to practice. 

I PER-A-€uTE', a. [L. peracutus.] Very sharp; very vio- 
lent. [Little tiscd!] 

PER-AD-VENT'URE, adv. [Fr. par aventure.] By chance; 
perhaps ; it may be. Hooker. It has been used, as a noun, 
for doubt or question, but rather improperly. The word 
is ol)solsscc)l.t^ 

PER'A-GR ATE, v. i. [L. peragro.] To travel over or 
through ; to wander; to ramble. [L.u.] 

PER-A-GRa'TIOX^, 71 . The act of passing through any 
space. \L. 71.] Brown. 

PER-AM'BU-LATE, v. t. [E. peramhtilo.] To walk through 
or over; to pass through or over for the purpose of survey- 
ing or examining something ; to visit as overseers. 

PER-AM'BTJ-LA-TED, pp. Passed over; inspected. 

PER-AM'BU-LA-TING, ppr. Passing over or through for 
the purpose of inspection. 

PER-AM-BU-La'TION, 71. 1. The act of passing or walk- 
ing through or over. 2. A traveling survey or inspection. 
3. A district within which a person has the right of in- 
spection ; jurisdiction. 4. Annual survey of the bounds 
of a parish in Etiglatid, or of a township in Ametnca. 

PER-AM'BU-LA-TOR, 71. An instrument or wheel for 
measuring distances, to be used in surveying or traveling ; 
called also a pedometer. 

PER-BI-SULTHATE, 71. A sulphate witn two proportions 
of sulphuric acid, and combined witli an oxyd at the max- 
imum of oxydation. 

PER-€AR'BU-RET-ED, a. The percarbureted hydrogen of 
the French chemists is said to be the only definite com- 
pound of these two elements. 

t PER-GASE', adc. [per and case.] Perhaps ; perchance. 

fPERGE-AXT, a. [Fr. pcrcant.] Piercing; penetrating. 


* See Synopsis, a, K, T, o, t), Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BiRD ; — | Obsolete > 


PER 


GOl 


PER 


PER-CfilV'A-BLE, a. 1. Perceptible; that may be per- 
ceived ; that may fall under j)erception or the cognizance 
of the senses ; that may be felt, seen, heard, smelled or 
tasted. 2. That may be known, understood or conceived ; 
proper. 'I 

PER-CeIV'A-BLY, adv. In such a manner as to be per- 
ceived. 

IPER-CeIV'ANCE, 7». Power of perceiving. Milton. 

PER-CeIVE', V. t. [L. percipio.] 1. To have knowledge 
or receive impressions of external objects through the me- 
dium or instrumentality of the senses or bodily organs. 
2. To know ; to understand ; to observe. 3. To be af- 
fected by ; to receive impressions from. 

PER-CeIV'ED, (per-seevd') pp. Known by the senses ; 
felt ; understood ; observed. 

PER-CeIV'ER, n. One who perceives, feels or observes. 

PER-CEP-TI-BIL'I-TY, 71. 1. The state or quality of be- 
ing perceptible. 2. Perception ; [less proper.] 

PER-CEP'TI-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. That may be perceived ; 

that may impress the bodily organs ; that may come un- 
der the cognizance of the senses. 2. That may be known 
or conceived of. 

PER-CEP'TI-BLY, adv. In a manner to be perceived. 

PER-CEP'TIOxV, 77. [L. perceptio.] 1. The act of perceiv- 
ing or of receiving impressions by the senses ; or that act 
or process of the 'mind which makes known an external 
object. — 2. In philosophy^ the faculty of perceiving. 3. 
Notion; idea. 4. The state of being affected or capable 
of being aftected by something external. 

PERCEPTIVE, a. Having the faculty of perceiving. 

PER-CEP-TJVT-TY, ??. The power of perception. 

PERCH, 77 . [Fr. perche.] A fish of the genus perca. 

PERCH, 77 . [Fr. perche i L. pertica.] 1. A pole ; hence, a 
roost for fowls, which is often a pole ; also, any thing on 
which they light. 2. A measure of length containing 
five yards and a half; a rod. 

PERCH, V. i. 1. To sit or roost, as a bird. 2. To light or 
settle on a fixed body. 

PERCH, V. t. To place on a fixed object or perch. 

PER-CHaNCE', adv. [per and chaiice.] By chance; per- 
haps. Wotton. 

PERCIFERS, 77 . Paris candles anciently used in England; 
also, a larger sort of wax candles which were usually set 
on the altar. 

PER-CHLo'RATE, n. A compound of perchloric acid with 
fX b RS0 

PER-CHLo'RIC, a. Perchloric acid is chlorine converted 
iiito an acid by combining with a maximum of oxygen. 

PER-CLP'I-ENT, a. [F. percipiens.] Perceiving; having 
the faculty of perception. BenUey. 

PER-CIPT-ENT, 77. One that perceives or has the faculty 
of perception. More. 

fPER-CLoSE', 77. Conclusion. Raleigh. 

PER'CO-LATE, t;. t. [L.percoZo.] To strain through; to 
cause to pass through small interstices, as a liquor ; to 
filter. Hale. 

PER'CO-LATE, r. i. To pass through small interstices; to 
filter. 

PER'CO-LA-TED, pp. Filtered ; passed through small in- 

tpi*af ippQ 

PEIFCO-LA-TING, ppr. Filtering. 

PER-€0-La'TION, 77. The act of straining or filtering; 
filtration ; the act of passing through small interstices, as 
liquor through felt or a porous stone. 

PER-CUSS', V. t. [L. perc77ss775.] To strike. [L. ?7.] 

PER-CUS'SION, 77. [L. percussio.] 1. The act of striking 
one body against another, with some violence. 2. The 
impression one body makes on another by falling on it or 
striking it. 3. The impression or effect of sound on the 
ear. 

PER-Cu'TIENT, 72 . [li. percutiens.] That which strikes 
or has power to strike. Bacon. 

PER'DI-FOIL, 72. [L. perdo and foliiun.] A plant that an- 
nually lose.s or drops its leaves ; opposed to evergreen. 

PER-Di"TION, 72. [L. perditio.] 1. Entire loss or ruin ; 
utter destruction. 2. The utter loss of the soul or of final 
liappiness in a future state ; future misery or eternal 
death. 3. Loss ; [o&s.] Shak. 

PER-DU', or PER-DuE'^, arfy. [Fr. per7Z27.] Close; in con- 
cealment. I'rumball’s M^Fingal. 

PER-DU', 77 . One that is placed on the watch or in ambush. 

PER-Du', a. Abandoned ; employed on desperate purposes ; 
accustomed to desperate enterprises. Beaumont and 
Fletcher. 

t PER'DU-LOUS, 0 . [Ft. perdu.] Lost ; thrown away. 

* f PER-DU'RA-BLE, a. [Ft.., homli. perduro.] Very du- 
rable ; lasting ; continuing long. Shak. 

* tBER-DU'RA-BLY, arfw. Very durably. Shak. 

t PER-DU-RA'TION, n. Long continuance. Mnsworth. 

fPER'DY, adv. [Fr. par Dieu.] Certainly ; verily ; in truth. 

t PER'E-GAL, a. [Fr. per and cgal.] Equal. Spenser. 

PER'E-GRI-NATE, v. i. [L. peregrinor.] To travel from 
])lace to place or fi-om one country to another; to live in a 
foreign country. 


PER-E-GRI-Na'TION, 77. A traveling from one country to 
another ; a wandering ; abode in foreign countries. 

PER-E-GRI-Na'TOR, 77. A traveler into foreign countries. 
Casaubon . 

PER'E-GRiNE, a. [IL. peregrinus.] Foreign; not native. 
[Little used.] 

I PER-E-GRINT-TY, 77. [Old FT.peregrinitd.] Strangeness. 
Cook. 

I PER-EMPT^, V. t. [L. peremptus.] In law, to kill ; to crush 
or destroy. Ayliffe. 

I PER-EMP'TION, 77. [1j. per emptio.] A killing ; a quash- 
ing ; nonsuit. Ayliffe. 

^ PER'EMP-TO-RI-LY, 77(Z27. [fTom peremptory.] Absolute- 
ly ; positively ; in a decisive manner ; so as to preclude 
further debate. 

* PER'EMP-TO-RI-NESS, n. Positiveness ; absolute de- 
cision; dogmatism. Oov.ofthe Tongue. 

^ PER'EMP-TO-RY, a. [Fr. peremptoire ; L. percvjptori- 
77.?.] 1. Express ; positive ; absolute; decisive; author- 

itative ; in a manner to preclude debate or expostulation. 
2. Positive in opinion or judgment. 3. Final; determi- 
nate. — 4. Peremptory challenge, in laic, a challenge or 
right of challenging jurors without showing cause. 

PER-EN'Nl-AL, a. [L. peremiis.] 1. Lasting or continu- 
ing without cessation through the year. 2. Perpetual ; 
unceasing; never-failing. — 3. Jn botany, continuing more 
than two years. 4. Continuing without intermission, as 
a fever. Coze. 

PER-EN'NI-AL, n. In botany, a plant which lives or con- 
tinues more than two years, whether it retains its leaves 
or not. 

PER-EN'NI-AL-LY, adv. Continually ; without ceasing. 

PER-EN'NI-TY, n. [L. perc77 77 7ta6'.] An enduring or contin- 
uing through the whole year without ceasing. 

PER-ER-R a'T10N, 72. [L. pererro.] A wandering or ram- 
bling through various places. Howell. 

PER'FECT, a. [L. perfcctus.] 1. Finished ; complete ; 
consummate; not defective ; having all that is reqiiisite 
to its nature and kind. 2. Fully informed ; completely 
skilled. 3. Complete in moral excellencies. 4. Manifest- 
ing perfection. — Perfect tense, in grammar, the preterit 
tense ; a tense which expresses an act completed. 

* PER'FECT, V. t. [L. pcrfectus.] 1. To finish or complete 
so as to leave nothing wanting ; to give to any thing all 
that is requisite to its nature and kind. 2. To instruct 
fully ; to make fully skillful. 

^ PERTECT-ED, pp. Finished ; completed. 
PERTECT-ER, 72. One that makes perfect. Broome. 

PER-FEC-TI-BILT-TY, n. The capacity of becoming or 
being mr le perfect. 

PER-FEd’H-BLE, a. Capable of becoming or being made 
perfect, or of arriving at the utmost perfection of the spe- 
cies. 

PER'FE€T-ING, ppr. Finishing ; completing ; consum- 
mating. 

PER-FE€'TION, 72. [F. perfectio.] 1. The state of being 
perfect or complete, so that nothing requisite is w'anting. 
— 2. Physical perfection is when a natural object has ail 
its powers, faculties or qualities entire and in full vigor, 
and all its parts in due proportion. — 3. Metaphysical per- 
fection is the possession of all the essential attributes, or 
all the parts necessary to the integrity of a substance. — 4. 
Moral perfection is the complete possession of all moral 
excellence. 5. A quality, endowunent or acquirement 
completely excellent, or of great wmrth. Sidney. 6. An 
inherent or essential attribute of supreme or infinite ex- 
cellence ; or one perfect in its kind. 7. Exactness. 

PER-FE€'TION-AL, a. Made complete. Pearson. 

PER-FE€'TION-ATE, used by Dry den and Tooke in lieu 
of the verb to perfect, is a useless word. 

PER-FE€'TION-JST, n. One pretending to perfection ; an 
enthusiast in religion. South. 

PER-FECT'IVE, a. Conducing to make perfect. 

PER-FECTTVE-LY, adv. In a manner that brings to per- 
fccticii# G’vcjOm 

PER'FECT-LY, adv. 1. In the highest degree of excel- 
lence. 2. Totally ; completely. 3. Exactly ; accu- 
rately. 

PER'FECT-NES.S, 77. 1, Completeness; consummate ex- 
cellence ; perfection. 2. The highest degree of goodness 
or holiness of which man is capable in this life. 3. Ac- 
curate skill. 

PER-FI"CIENT, 72. [L. perfeiens.] One who endows a 
charity. 

PER-FID'I-OUS, a. [L. perfidiis.] 1. Violating good fiiitli 
or vows ; false to trust or confidence reposed ; treacher- 
ous. 2. Proceeding from treachery, or consisting in 
breach of faith. 3. Guilty of violated allegiance. 

PER-FIDT-OUS-LY, adv. Treacherously ; traitorously ; 
by breach of faith or allegiance. Stvift. 

PER-FID'I-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being perfidious ; 
treachery ; traitorousness; breach of faith, of vows or al- 
legiance. 

PERTT-DY, 77 . [L. pejfdia.] The act of violating faith, 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


PER 




R promise, vow or allegiance 5 treachery j the violation 
of a trust reposed. 

t PER'FLA-BLE, a. [L. perjlo.] Having the wind driven 
throiigli. 

PER-I’LaTE', t. f L. perjlo.] To blow through. 

PER-FLa'TION, n. The act of blowing through. 

PER-Fo'LI-ATE, a. [L. per and J’olium.] In botany^ ^per- 
foliate or perforated leaf is one that has the base entirely 
surrounding the stem transversely. 

PER'FO-RATE, v. t. [L. perforo.] 1. To bore through. 
2. To pierce with a pointed instrument ; to make a hole 
or holes through any thing by boring or driving. 

PER'FO-RA-TED, pp. Bored or pierced through 3 pierced. 

PER'FO-RA-TING, ppr. Boring or piercing through ; pier- 
cing. 

PER-FO-RA'TION, v. The act of boring or piercing 
through. 2. A hole or aperture passing through any 
tiling, or into the interior of a substance, whether natural 
or made by an instrument. 

PERTO-RA-TiVE, a. Having power to pierce. 

PER'FO-RA-TOR, ?i. An instrument that perforates. 

PER-FoRCE', ado. [per and/orce.] By force or violence. 

PER-FORM', V. t. [L. per and formo.] 1. To do ; to exe- 
cute ; to accomplish. 2. To execute 3 to discharge. 3. 
To fulfill. 

PER-FORM', V. i. To do 3 to act a part. 

PER-FORM'x\-BLE, a. That may be done, executed or ful- 
filled 3 practicable. Brown. 

PER-FORM'ANCE, n. 1. Execution or completion of any 
thing 3 a doing. 2. Action; deed 3 thing done. 3. The 
acting or exhibition of character on the stage. 4. Compo- 
sition 3 work written. 5. The acting or exhibition of 
feats. 

PER-FORM'ED, (per-formd') pp. Done 5 executed 3 dis- 
charged. 

PER-FORM'ER, 71. One that performs anything, particu- 
larly in an art. 

PER-FORM'ING, ppr. Doing 3 executing 3 accomplishing. 

PER-FORM'ING, n. Act done 3 deed 3 act of executing. 

t PER'FRI-€ATE, v. t. [li. perfrico.] To rub over. Viet. 

PER-Fu'MA-TO-RY, a. That perfumes. Leigh. 

^PER-FuME', or PER'FUME, 71. [Fr. parfam Sp. per- 
fame.] 1. A substance that emits a scent or odor which 
affects agreeably the organs of smelling, as musk. 2 . 
The scent, odor or volatile particles emitted from sweet- 
smelling substances. 

PER-FuME', v.t. To scent 3 to fill or impregnate with a 
grateful odor. Pope. 

PER-FuM'ED, (per-fumd') pp. Scented 3 impregnated with 
fragrant odors. 

PER-FuM'ER, 71. 1. He or that which perfumes. 2. One 
whose trade is to sell perfumes. Bacon. 

PER-FuM'ER-Y, n. Perfumes in general. 

PER-FuM'ING, ppr. Scenting 3 impregnating with sweet 
odors. 

^ PER-FUNC'TO-RI-LY, adv. [L. perfiinctorie.] Careless- 
ly 3 negligently 3 in a manner to satisfy external form. 

* PER-FUN€'TO-RI-NESS, n. Negligent performance 3 
carelessness. Whitlock. 

* PER-FUN€'TO-RY, a. 1. Slight 3 careless 3 negligent. 
2. Done only for the sake of getting rid of the duty. 

PER-FuSE', 1 ’. t. [h. perjusus.] To sprinkle, pour or spread 
over. Harvey. 

PER'GO-LA, 71. [It.] A kind of arbor. Finett. 

PER-HAPS', adv. {per and hap.] By chance 3 it may be. 

PER'I-ANTII, 71. [Gr. ntpi and avdog.] The calyx of a 
flower when contiguous to the other parts of fructification. 

f- PERT- APT, n. [Gr. nepianro).] An amulet 3 a charm 
worn to defend against disease or mischief. Shak. 


PER-I-AU»GER, 

PER-I-A'GUA. 


See Pirogue. 


PER-I-CXRDT-UM, n. [Gr. nepi and xaptJta.] A membrane 
that incloses the heart. 


PERT-CARP, 71. [Gr. rrcpi and xapffo?.] The seed-vessel of 
a plant. Martyn. 

PER-I-CaRPT-UM. The same with pericarp. 
f PE-RIC'Ll-TATE, -y. 1 . [L. jperieZdo?'.] To hazard. Cock- 

CTCLDt* 

t PE-RI€-LI-Ta'TION, n. 1. The state of being in danger. 

Cocker am. 2. Trial 3 experiment. 

PER-I-CRa'NI-UM, 71. [Gr. ircpi and /epavtov.] The perios- 
teum, or membrane that invests the skull. Coze. 
PE-RIC'U-LOUiS, a. [L. periculosxes.] Dangerous 3 hazard- 
ous. Brown. 


PER-I-DO-DE-CA-Hk'DRAL, a. [Gr. nepc, and dodecahe- 
dral.] Designating a crystal whose primitive form is a 
four-sided prism, and in its secondary form is converted 
into a prism of twelve sides. 

PER'I-DOT, n. [Fr.] Another name of the chrysolite. 

PER-T-e'CIAN, 71. [Gr. nepioiKog.] An inhabitant of the 
opposite side of the globe, in the same parallel of latitude. 

PER-T-ER'GY, n. [Gr. nepi and epyov.] Needless caution 
in an oi>eration 3 unnecessary diligence. 


PERT-GEE, 1 71. [Gr. nepi and yy.] That point in the 
PER-I-GeTJM, \ orbit of the sun or moon, in which it is 
at the least distance from the earth 3 opposed to apogee. 
PERT-GORD-STONE, n. An ore of manganese. 
PERT-GRAPH, n. [Gr. rrepi and ypa^i;.] 1. A careless 
or inaccurate delineation of any thing. 2. The wliite 
lines or impressions that appear oh the musculus rectus of 
the abdomen. 

PE-RIG'Y-NOUS, a. [Gr. ntpi and ywy.] In botany^ in- 
serted around the pistil, as the corol or stamens. 
PER-I-HeLTON, ) 71 . [Gr. irtpi and 37X10?.] That part of 
PER-I-HeLT-UM, I the orbit of a planet or comet, in 
which it is at its least distance from the sun 3 opposed to 
aphelion. 

PER-I-HEX-A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. ffcpi, and hexahedral.] 
Designating a crystal whose primitive form is a four-sided 
prism, and in the secondary form is converted into a 
prism of six sides. 

PERTH, 71. [Fr. 3 M.periglioj L. periculum.] 1. Danger 3 
risk 3 hazard 3 jeopardy 3 particular exposure of person or 
projTerty to injury, loss or destruction from any cause 
whatever. 2. Danger denounced 3 particular exposure, 
f PERTH, V. i. To be in danger. Milton. 

PERTH-OUS, a. \_Fr. perileuz.] 1. Dangerous 3 hazardous 3 
full of risk. 2. Vulgarly used for very^ like mighty j 
[ 065.1 3. Smart 3 witty 3 [ 06 s.] 

PERTH-OUS-HY, adv. Dangerously 3 with hazard. 
PERTH-OTjS-NESS, 71. Dangerousness 3 danger 3 hazard. 
PE-RIM'E-TER, n. [Gr. nepi and perpov.] In geometry, the 
bounds and limits of a body or figure. 
PER-I-0 €-TA-He'DRAH, a. [Gr. ncpi, and octahedral.] 
Designating a crystal whose primitive form is a four-sided 
prism, and in its secondary form is converted into a prism 
of eight sides. 

PE'RI-OD, 71 . [H. periodus ,• Fr. periode.] 1. Properly, a 
circuit 3 hence, the time which is taken up by a planet in 
making its revolution round the sun. — 2. In chronology, a 
stated number of years 3 a revolution or series of years by 
which time is measured. 3. Any series of years or of 
days in which a revolution is completed, and the same 
course is to be begun. 4. Any specified portion of time, 
designated by years, months, days or hours complete. 5. 
End 3 conclusion. 6 . An indefinite portion of any con- 
tinued state, existence or series of events. 7. State at 
which any thing terminates 3 limit. 8 . Hength or usual 
length of duration. 9. A complete sentence from one full 
stop to another. 10. The point that marks the end of a 
complete sentence 3 a full stop, thus, (.) — 11. In numbers, 
a distinction made by a point or comma after every sixth 
place or figure. — 12. In medicine, the time of intension 
and remission of a disease, or of the paroxysm and remis- 
sion. 

t Pe'RI-OD, V. t. To put an end to. Shak. 

PE-RI-ODTG, \ a. [It. periodicn ;Fr. periodigue.] 1. Per- 
PE-Rl-ODT-GAH, ^ formed in a circuit, or in a regular rev- 
olution in a certain time, or in a series of successive circuits. 
2. Happening by revolution, at a stated time. 3. Hap- 
pening or returning regularly in a certain period of time. 
4. Performing some action at a stated time. 5. Pertain- 
ing to a period 3 constituting a complete sentence. G. 
Pertaining to a revolution or regular circuit. 
PE-RI-ODT-GAH, 71. A periodical publication. 
PE-RI-ODT-€AH-HY, adv. At stated periods. 
PER-I-OS'TE-UM, n. [Gr. nept and oarreov.] A nervous 
vascular membrane endued with quick sensibility, imme- 
diately investing the bones of animals. 
PER-I-PA-TETTG, a. [Gr. nepinarnTiKog.] Pertaining to 
Aristotle’s system of philosophy. 

PER-I-PA-TETTC, 71. 1. A follower of Aristotle, so called 
because the founders of his philosophy taught, or his fol- 
lowers disputed questions, walking in the Hyceum at 
Athens. 2. It is ludicrously applied to one who is obliged 
to walk, or cannot afford to ride. 
PER-I-PA-TETT-CISM, n. The notions or philosophical 
system of Aristotle and his followers. Barroic. 
PE-RIPH'E-RAIi, a. Peripheric. Fleming. 
PER-l-PHERT€, ) a. Pertaining to a periphery 3 con- 
PER-I-PHERT-GAH, \ stituting a periphery. 
PE-RIPH'E-RY, 71 . [Gr. nepi and (pepm.] The circumfer- 
ence of a circle, ellipsis, or other regular curvilinear fig- 
ure. 

PERT-PHRASE, n. [Gr. nepicppamg.] Circumlocution 3 a 
circuit of words 3 the use of more words than are necessa- 
ry to express the idea 3 a figure of rhetoric employed to 
avoid a common and trite manner of expression. 
PERT-PHRA.«E, v. t. To express by circumlocution. 
PERT-PHRASE, v. i. To use circumlocution. 
PE-RIPH'RA-SIS. See Perivhrase. 

PER-T-PHRAR'TI€, ) a. Circumlocutory 3 expressing 
PER-I-PHRx\S'TI-€AH, [ or expressed in more words 
than are necessary 3 expressing the sense of one word in 
many. 


* See Synopsis, a, i^:, T, G, C, Y, F.\R, FAT.H, WHAT 3— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;- 


f Obsolete. 


PER 


603 PER 


PER-I-PHRAS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. With circumlocution. 
PER'I-PLUS, n. [Gr. TTfpmXoyf.] Circumnavigation; a 
voyage round a certain sea or sea-coast. Vincent. 
PER-IP-NEU-MON/JG, a. Pertaining to peripneumony ; 

consisting in an inflammation of the lungs. 
PER-IP-NEu'MO-NY, n. [Gr. nepi and ni/ev/uoov.] An in- 
flammation of the lungs, or of some part of the thorax. 
PER-I-PO-LYG'O-NAL, a. [Gr. nepi, and pol-i/o-on.] In 
crystalography^ having a great number of sides. 
PE-RIS'CIAN, I n. [Gr. nepiaKioi^] An inhabitant of a 
PE-RIS'CI-I, \ frigidzone, or within a polar circle, wliose 
shadow moves round, and in the course of the day falls in 
every point of compass. 

PE-RIS'CIAN, a. Having shadows all around. 

PER'ISH, V. i. [Fr. perir.] 1. To die ; to lose life in any 
manner. 2. To die; to wither and decay. 3. To waste 
away. 4. To be in a state of decay or passing away. 5. 
To be destroyed ; to come to nothirig. 6. To fail entirely, 
or to be extirpated. 2 Kings ix. 7. To be burst or ruined. 
8. To be wasted or rendered useless. Jer. ix. 9. To be 
injured or tormented. 1 Cor. viii. 10. To be lost eternal- 
ly ; to be sentenced to endless misery. 2 Pet. ii. 

PER'ISII, V. t. To destroy. [JVot legitimate.] 
PER'ISH-A-BLE, a. 1. Liable to perish ; subject to decay 
and destruction. 2. Subject to speedy decay. Stat. of 
Conn. 

PER'ISH-A-BLE-NESS, n. Liableness to decay. Locke. 
PER'I-SPERM, n. [Gr. nepi and cneppa.] A thick, farina- 
ceous, fleshy, horny or woody part of the seed of plants. 
PER-I-SPHER'IG, a. [Gr. nepi and a^atpa.] Globular; 

having the form of.a ball. Journ. of Science. 
PER-lS-SO-LOG*I-CAL, a. Redundant in words. 
PER-IS-SOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. nepia(7o)<oyia.] Superfluous 
words ; much talk to little purpose. [Little used.] 
PER-I-STAL'TIC, a. [Gr. nepiaTaXriKog.] Spiral ; vermicu- 
lar or worm-like. The peristaltic motion of tJie intestines 
is performed by the contraction of the circular and longi- 
tudinal fibres composing their flesliy coats, by which the 
chyle is driven into the orifices of the lacteals, and the ex- 
crements are protruded towards the anus. 
PER-IS-Tk'RI-ON, 71. [Gr.] The herb vervain. Diet. 
PER'I-STStLE, 71. [Gr. rrcptoraXoi^.] A circular range of 
columns, or a building encompassed with a row of col- 
umns on the outside. 

PER-I-SYS'TO-LE, n. [Gr. nzpi and trucToX/;.] The pause 
or interval between the systole or contraction, and the 
diastole or dilatation of the heart. 

PE-RITE^, a. [L. peritus.] Skillful. [Little used.] 
PER-I-To'NE-AL, a. Pertaining to the peritoneum. 
PER-I-TO-Nli'UM, n. [Gr. nepirovaiov.] A thin, smooth, 
lubricous membrane investing the whole internal surface 
of the abdomen, and, more or less completely, all the vis- 
cera contained in it. 

PER'I-WIG, 77. [Iv.pereahhic ; qu. D. paruik ; Fr. perruqne.] 
A small wig ; a kind of close cap formed by an intertext- 
ure of false hair, worn by men for ornament or to conceal 
baldness. 

PER'I-WIG, V. t. To dress with a periwig or with false 
hair, or with any thing in like form. Sioift. 
PER'I-WIN-KLE, 77. [Sax. 27 67*77 777CC ; It. pervmca.] I. A 
sea snail, or small shell fish. 2. A plant. 

PER'JURE, (per'jur) 77. t. [h.perjuro.] Willfully to make 
a false oath when adiriinistered by lawful authority or in 
a court of justice ; to forswear, 
t PER JURE, 77. A perjured person. Shak. 

PER'JURED, pp. Guilty of perjury ; having sworn falsely. 
PER'JUR-ER, 77. One that willfully takes a false oath law- 
fully administered. 

PER'JUR-ING, ppr. Taking a false oath lawfully adminis- 
tered. 

PER-Ju'RI-OUS, a. Guilty of perjury ; containing perjury. 
PER'JU-RY, 77. [L. perjuriim.] The act or crime of will- 
fully making a false oath, when lawfully administered. 
PERK, a. [W.p67*c.] Properly, erect hence, smart ; trim. 
PERK, 77. 7. [ W. percu.] To hold up the head with affected 
smartness. Pope. 

PERK, 77. t. To dress ; to make trim or smart ; to prank. 
PERK'IN, 77. Ciderkiii ; a kind of cider made by steepilig 
the murk in water. Encyc. 

PER'LATE AC'ID. The acidulous phosphate of soda. 
PER'LA-TED AC'ID,or OU-RET'IC. Biphosphate of soda, 
t PERILOUS, for perilous. Spenser. 

PER-LUS-TRa'TION, 77. [L. pcrlustro.] The act of view- 
ing all over. Howell. 

PEROIA-GY, 77. A little Turkisli boat. Diet. 
PER'MA-NENCE, 7 77. 1. Continuance in the same state, 
PER'MA-NEN-CY, ) or without a change that destroys 
the form or nature of a thing; duration; fixedness. 2. 
Continuance in the same place or at rest. 
PER'XIA-NENT, a. [L. j^ermayiens.] Durable; lasting; 
continuing in the same state, or without any ehajige that 
destroys the form or nature of tlie thing. — Permanent is 


* See Sijnopsis. MOVE, BOOK' , DoVE B[;i J., UNITE.— 


equivalent to durable or lasting, but not to undecaylng or 
unalterable. 

PER'MA-NENT-LY, adv. With long continuance; dura- 
bly ; in a fixed state or place. 

t PER-MAN'SION, n [fu. permansio.] Continuance. 

PER-ME-A-BILT-TY, n. The quality or state of being per- 
meable. Journ. of Science. 

PER'ME-A-BLE, a. [L. permeo.] That may be passed 
through without rupture or displacement of its parts, as 
solid matter. 

t PER'ME-ANT, a. Passing through. Broicn. 

PER'ME-ATE, v, t. [L. permeo.] To pass through the pores 
or interstices of a body ; to penetrate and pass through a 
substance without rupture or displacement of its parts. 

PER'ME-A-TED, pp. Passed through, as by a fluid. 

PER'ME- A-TING , ppr. Passing through the pores or inter- 
stices of a substance. 

PER-ME-a'TION, 77. The act of passing through the pores 
or interstices of a body. 

PER-MIS'Cl-BLE, a. [L. permisceo.] That may be mixed. 
[Little used.] 

PER-IMIS'SI-BLE, a. That may be peimitted or allowed. 

PER-MIS'SION, 77. [h. permissio.] 1. The act of permitting 
or allow’ing. 2. Allowance ; license or liberty granted. 

PER-MIS'SIVE, a. 1. Granting liberty ; allowing. Alilton. 
2. Granted ; suffered without hinderance. Milton. 

PER-MfS'SIVE-LY, adv. By allowance ; without prohibi- 
tion or hinderance. 

PER-MIS'TION, or PER-MIX'TION, n. [L. permistio, 
pe7'inixtio.] The act of mixing ; the state of being min- 
gled. 

PER-MIT', 77. t. [L. permitlo.] 1. To allow ; to grant leave 
or liberty to by express consent. 2. To allow by silent 
consent or by not prohibiting; to suffer without giving 
express authority. 3. To afford ability or means. 4. To 
leave ; to give or resign. 

* PER-MIT', 77. 1. A written license or permission from the 
custom-house officer or other proper authority, to export 
or transport goods, or to land goods or persons. 2. War- 
rant ; leave ; permission. 

PER-MIT'TANCE, n. Allowance; forbearance of prohibi- 
tion ; permission. Derham. 

PER-MIX'TION. Sec Permiction. 

PER-MU-Ta'TION, 77. [L. permutatio.] 1. In commerce, 
exchange of one thing for another ; barter. — 2. In the 
canon law, the excliange of one benefice for another. — 3. 
In algebra, change or different combination of any num- 
ber of quantities. 

t PER-MuTE', 77. t. [L. pC7'muto.] To exchange ; to barter. 

t PER-MuT'ER, 77. One that exchanges. 

jPER'NAN-CY, 77. [Norm, per 77cr.] A taking or reception, 
as the receiving of rents or tithes m kind. 

PER-NI"CIOUS, a. [L. perniciosus.] 1. Destructive ; hav- 
ing the quality of killing, destroying or injuring ; very 
injurious or mischievous. 2. Destructive ; tending to in- 
jure or destroy. 3. [L. pernix.] Quick ; [oJs.] 

PER-Ni"CIOUS-LY, adv. Destructively ; with ruinous 
tendency or effects. Ascham. 

PER-Xi"CIOLhS-NESS, n. The quality of being very injuri- 
ous, mischievous or destructive. 

PER-NIC'I-TY, 77. [L. pernicitas.] Swiftness of motion; 
celerity. [Little 775cd.] Ray. 

PER-NO€-Ta'TION, 77. [L. pernocto.] The act of passing 
the whole night ; a remaining all night. 

PE-RoGUE'. See Pirogue. 

PER-O-Ra'TION, 77. [L. peroratio.] The concluding part 
of an oration, in which the speaker recapitulates the prin- 
cipal points of his discourse. 

PER-0X'YD, 77 . [per and oxT/d.j A substance containing an 
unusual quantity of oxygen. Davy. 

PER-OX'Y-DIZE, V. t. To oxydize to the utmost degree. 

PER-PEND', V. t. [L. perpendo.] To weigh in the mind ; 
to consider attentively. [Little i/sed.] Shak. 

PER-PEND'ER, 77. [Fr. parpaing.] A coping stone. 

PER-PEND'l-CLE, n. [E. perpendicuhiin .] Something hang- 
ing down in a direct line ; a plumb-line. 

PER-PEN-DIC'U-IjAR, (7. [Jj. perpendicvlaris.] 1. Hanging 
or extending in a right line from any point towards the 
centre of the earth or of gravity, or at right angles with 
the plane of the horizon. — 2. In geometry, falling directly 
on another line at right angle-s. 

PER-PEN-DIC'U-I.AR, n. 1. A line falling at right angles 
on the plane of the horizon. — 2. In geometry, a line fall- 
ing at right angles on another line. 

PER-PEN-DI€-U-LAR'l-TY, n. The state of being perpen- 
dicular. Watts. 

PER-PEN-DI€'U-LAR-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to fall on 
another line at right angles. 2. So as to fall on the plane 
of the horizon at right angles ; in a direction towards the 
centre of the earth or of gravity. 

tPER-PEN'SION, 77. [L. perpendo.] Consideration. 

fPER-PES'SION, 77. [h. perpessio.] Suffering; endurance. 

PER'PE-TRATE, v. t. [L. perpetro.] To do ; to commit ; 


'' as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as ??II ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


PER 


PER 


604 


to perform j in an ill scnscj that is, ahcays used to express 
an evil act. 

PER'PE-TKA-TED, pp. Done ; committed ; as an evil act. 

PER'PE-TRA-TING,/^;?/-. Committing ; as a crime or evil act. 

PER-PE-TRa'T10N, n. 1. The act of committing a crime. 
'2. An evil action. K. Charles. 

PER'PE-TRA-TOR, n. One that commits a crime. 

PER-PET'U-AL, a. [Fr. pcrpetuel ; L. perpetuus.'] 1. 
Never-ceasing ; continuing forever in future time ; des- 
tined to be eternal. 2. Continuing or continued witliout 
intermission j uninterrupted. 3. Permanent j tixed ; not 
temporary. 4. Everlasting j endless. 5. During the legal 
dispensation. 

PER-PET'U-AL-LY, adv. Constantly; continually; ap- 
plied to thuigs which proceed without intermission, or tchich 
occur frequently or at intervals, without limitation. 

PER-PET'LJ-ATE, t. [Ij. perpetuo.] 1. To make perpet- 
ual ; to eternize. 2. To cause to endure or to be continu- 
ed indefinitely ; to preserve from extinction or oblivion. 
3. To continue by repetition without limitation. 

PER-PET'iJ-A-TED,pp. Made perpetual ; continued through 
eternity, or for an indefinite time. 

PER-PET'IJ-A-TING, jipr. Continuing forever or indefi- 
nitely. 

PER-PET-U-a'TION, n. The act of making pcrpetua.l. 

PER-PE-TU'l-TY, n. [L. perpetuitas.] 1. Endless dura- 
tion ; continuance to eternity. 2. Continued uninter- 
rupted existence, or duration for an indefinite period of 
time. 3. Something of which there will be no end. 

PER-PHOS'PHATE, n. A phosphate in which the phos- 
phoric acid is combined with an oxyd at the maximum of 
oxydation. 

PER-PLEX', V. t. [h. pcrplcxjis.] 1. To make intricate ; to 
involve ; to entangle ; to make complicated and difficult 
to be understood or unraveled. 2. To embarrass ; to puz- 
zle ; to distract ; to tease with suspense, anxiety or ambi- 
guity. 3. To plague ; to vex. 

t PER-PLEX', a. Intricate ; difficult. Glaiiville. 

jPER-PLEX'Ei), (per-plext ) pp. Made intricate ; embar- 
rassed ; puzzled. 

PER-PLEX'ED-LY, adv. Intricately; with involution. 

PER-PLEX'ED-NESS, n. 1. Intricacy ; difficulty from 
want of order or precision. 2. Embarrassment of mind 
from doubt or uncertainty. 

PER-PLEXM-TY, n. 1. Intricacy; entanglement. 2. Em- 
barrassment of mind ; disturbance from doubt, confusion, 
difficulty or anxiety. 

f PER-PO-Ta'TION, n. [L. per and polo.] The act of 
drinking largely. 

PER-Q,LrAD-R[-S[jL'PHATE, n. A sulphate with four pro- 
portions of sulphuric acid combined with a maximum 
oxyd. 

PER'Q,UI-SiTE, n. [L. perquisitus.] A fee or pecuniary al- 
lowance to an officer for services, beyond his ordinary 
salary or settled wages ; or a fee allowed by law to an of- 
ficer for a specific service, in lieu of an annual salary. 

t PER'Q,UI-SIT-ED, a. Supplied with perquisites. Savage. 

PER-Q,UI-SI"TION, V. [L. perquisitus.] An accurate in- 
quiry or search. Ainsworth. 

PER-RO-dUET', n. [Fr.] A species of parrot ; also, the 
alca psittacula, an aquatic fowl. 

PER'RY, n. [Fr. poire.] The juice of pears, which, being 
clarified by fermentation, is a pleasant drink. 

PER-S€RU-Ta'TION, n. [L. perscrutatio,] A searching 
thoroughly ; minute search or inquiry. 

PEIFSE-CUTE, v.t. [Fi'.persecuter.] 1. Ina. general sense, 
to pursue in a manner to injure, vex or afflict ; to harass 
with unjust punishment ; to inflict pain from hatred or 
malignity. — 2. Appropriately, to afflict, harass or destroy 
for adherence to a particular creed or system of religious 
principles, or to a mode of Avorship. 3. To harass with 
solicitations or importunity. 

PER'SE-€U-TED, pp. Harassed by troubles or punishments 
unjustly inflicted, particularly for religious opinions. 

PER'SE-€U-TING, ppr. Pursuing with enmity or ven- 
geance, particularly for adhering to a particular religion. 

PER-SE-€ OPTION, n. 1. The act or practice of persecuting. 
2. The state of being persecuted. 

PER'SE-GU-TOR, 71. One that persecutes ; one that pursues 
another unjustly and vexatiously, particularly on account 
of religious principles. 

PER-SE-VeR'ANCE, 7?. [IT.; 1j. per sever antia.] 1. Per- 
sistence in any thing undertaken ; continued pursuit or 
prosecution of any business or enterprise begun. — 2. In 
theology, continuance in a state of grace to a state of glory ; 
sometimes called final perseverance. 

t PER-SE-VeR'ANT, a. Constant in pursuit of an under- 
taking. Ainsworth. 

f PEP».-SE-VeR'ANT-LY, adv. With constancy. Spiritual 
Conquest. 

PER-SE-VeRE', v.i. [L. persevero.] To persist in any 
b)isiness or enterprise undertaken ; to pursue steadily any 
design or course commenced ; not to give over or abandon 
what is undertaken. i 


PER-SE-VeRTNG, ppr. 1. Persisting in any business or 
course begun. 2. a. Constant in the execution of a pur- 
pose or enterprise. 

PER-SE-VeR'iNG-LY, ado. With perseverance or con- 
tinued pursuit of what is undertaken. 

PER^SI-FLAGE, 71. [Fr.] A jeering ; ridicule. H. More. 
PER-SIM'MON, n. A tree and its fruit. Mease. 

PER-SIST', V. i. [L. persisto.] To continue steadily and 
firmly in tiie pursuit of any business or course commenced ; 
to persevere. ^Persist is nearly synonymous Avith perse- 
vere but persist frequently implies more obstinacy than 
persevere, particularly in that Avhich is evil or injurious to 
others.] 

PER-SIST'ENCE, )n. 1. The state of persisting; steady 
PER-SIST'EN-CY, ) pursuit of Avhat is undertaken ; per- 
severance. 2. Obstinacy ; contumacy. Shah. 
PER-SIST'ENT, / a. In botany, continuing without AA’ith- 
PER-SIST'ING, ) ering ; opposed to 
PER-SISTTNG, ppr. Continuing in the prosecution of an 
undertaking ; persevering. 

PER-SIST'IVE, a. Steady in pursuit ; not receding from a 
purpose or undertaking ; perseA'ering. Skak. 

PER'SON, (per'sn) n. [L. persona.] 1. An individual hu- 
man being consisting of body and soul. 2 A man, Avorn- 
an or child, considered as opposed to things, or distinct 
from them. 3. A human being, considered Avilh res^Tcct 
to the living body or corporeal existence only. 4. A hu- 
man being, ; one ; a man. 5. A human being 

represented in dialogue, fiction, or on the stage ; charac- 
ter. 6. Cliaracter of office. — 7. In ^7-a7a7ac7’, the nomina- 
tive to a verb ; the agent that performs, or the patient that 
suffers, any thing affirmed by a verb. — 8. In laic, an artifi- 
cial person is a corporation or body politic. — In person, by 
one’s self ; Avith bodily presence ; not by representative, 
t PER'SON, V. t. To represent as a person ; to make to re- 
semble ; to image. Milton.. 

PER'SON-A-BLE, a. 1. Having a AA’^ell-formed body or 
person ; graceful ; of good appearance. — 2. In law, ena- 
bled to maintain pleas in court. 3. Having capacity to 
take any thing granted or giA^en. 

PER'80jN-AGE, n. [Fr. persomiage.] 1. A man or woman 
of distinction. 2. Exterior appearance ; stature ; air. 3. 
Character assumed. 4. Character represented. 
PER'SON-AL, a. [L. 7?e7*so7iahT.] I. Belonging to men or 
Avomen, not to things ; not real. 2. Relating to an indi- 
vidual ; affecting individuals ; peculiar or proper to him 
or her. or to prwate actions or character. 3. Pertaining to 
the corporal nature; exterior; corporal. 4. Present in 
person ; not acting by representative. — Personal estate, 'in 
late, movables ; chattels ; things belonging to the person ; 
as money, jcAvels, furniture, &c., as distinguished from 
real estate in land and houses. — Personal identity, in 
metaphysics, sameness of being, of Avhich consciousness is 
the evidence. — Personal verb, in grammar, a verb conju- 
gated in the three persons, 
t PER'SON-AL, n. A movable. 

PER-SON-AL'I-TY, n. 1. That which constitutes an indi- 
vidual a distinct person, or that Avhich constitutes indi- 
viduality. 2. Direct application or applicability to a per- 
son. 

PER'SON-AL-LY, adv. 1. In person ; by bodily presence ; 
not by representatiA’e or substitute. 2. With respect to an 
individual ; particularly. 3. With regard to numerical 
existence. 

PER'SON-ATE, v. t. 1. To represent by a fictitious or as- 
sumed character so as to pass for the person represented. 
2. To represent by action or appearance ; to assume the 
character and act the part of another. 3. To pretend 
hypocritically; [l.u.] 4. To counterfeit ; to feign ; as, a 
personated devotion. Hammond. 5. To resemble. Shah. 
6. To make a representation of, as in picture ; [o&s.] 7. 

To describe ; [oi^.] 8. [L. pe/*6’o;io.] To celebrate loudly ; 

[o&5.] 

t PER'SON-ATE, v. i. To display a fictitious character. 
PER'SON-ATE, a. [L. persojm, a mask.] Masked. 
PER-SON-a'TION, n. The counterfeiting of the person and 
character of another. Bacon. 

PER'SON-A-TOR, n. 1. One Avho assumes the character of 
another. 2. One that acts or performs. B. Jonson. 
PER-SON-I-FI-€a'TION, n. The giving to an inanimate 
being the figure or the sentiments and language of a ra- 
tional being ; prosopopo3ia. 

PER-SON'I-FiED, Represented Avith the attributes of a 
person. 

PER-SON'I-FY, V. «. [L. perso7iG and /acto.] To giA^e ani- 
mation to inanimate objects ; to ascribe to an inanimate 
being the sentiments, actions or language of. a rational 
being or pei'son. 

PER-SON'I-FY-ING, ppr. Giving to an inanimate being 
the attributes of a person. ^ 

PER'SON-iZE, V. t. To personify. [A'Vt much 7A.^ed.] 
PER-SPE€'TIVE, a. 1. Pertaining to the science of optics ; 

optical. 2. Pertaining to the art of perspective. 
PEll-SPE€'TIVE, n. [Fr. ; It. perspettiva.] 1. A glass 


* See Stjno2>sis. a, E, T, O, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT ;-PPvEY PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete. 


PER 


605 


PER 


through which objects are viewed. 2. The art of drawing 
oil a plane surface true resemblances or pictures of objects, 
as the objects appear to the eye from any distance and 
situation, real and imaginary. 3. A representation of ob- 
jects in perspective. 4. View; vista. 5. A kind of 
painting, often seen in gardens and at the end of a gallery, 
designed expressly to deceive the sight by representing the 
continuation of an alley, a building, a landscape or the like. 

PER-STEtJ'TlVE-LY, adv. Optically ; through a glass ; by 
representation. Shak. 

PER'6Pl-€A-BLE, a. Discernible. Herhert. 

PEU-SPI-Ga'CIOUS, a. [L. perspicax.'\ 1. Q,uick-sighted ; 
sharp of sight. 2. Of acute discernment. 

PER-kSPI-Ca'CIOUS-NESS, n. Acuteness of sight. 

PER-SPI-GACT-TY, n. [L. perspicacitas.'\ 1. Acuteness of 
sight ; quickness of sight. 2. Acuteness of discernment 
or understanding. 

PEK'SP1-€A-CY, n. Acuteness of sight or discernment. 

I PER-SPr'CIENCE, n. [L. perspiciens.'\ The act of looking 
sharply. 

PEPk-'tSPi-CIL, n. [L. per and speculum.'] An optic glass. 
\^Little used.] Crashaw. 

PER-SPI-CuT-TY, n. [Fr. perspicuity ; L. perspicuitas.] 1. 
Transparency ; clearness ; that quality of a substance 
which renders objects visible through it ; [little used.] 
2. Clearness to mental vision ; easiness to be understood ; 
freedom from obscurity or ambiguity ; that quality of 
writing or language which readily presents to the mind 
of another the precise ideas of the author. 

PER-SPlG'U-OUd, a. [L. pej'spicuus.] 1. Transparent; 
translucent; [^. «.] 2. Clear to the understanding ; that 
may be clearly understood ; not obscure or ambiguous. 

PER-SPIC'U-OLJS-LY, ado. Clearly; plainly; in a manner 
to be easily understood. Bacon. 

PER-fc?Pl€ (J-OUS-NESS, n. Clearness to intellectual vision ; 
plainness ; freedom from obscurity. 

PER-SPI-RA-BILT-TY, n. The quality of being perspirable. 

* PER SPI-R A-BLE, a. [from 1j. perspiro.] 1. That may be 
perspired ; that may be evacuated through the pores of the 
skin.. 2. Emitting perspiration ; [not proper.] 

PER-SPI-Ra'TION, n. [L. perspiro.] 1. The act of per- 
spiring ; excretion by the cuticiilar pores ; evacuation of 
the tluids of the body through the pores of the skin. 2. 
Matter perspired. 

* PER !SP1-RA-TiVE, a. Performing the act of perspiration. 

PER rfPI-RA-TO-RY, a. Perspirative. Berkeley. 

Px:.R-SPlRE', v.i. [L. per and spiro.] 1. To evacuate the 

fluids of the body through the pores of the skin. 2. To be 
evacuated or excreted through the pores of the skin. 

PEii-iSPiRE', -y. t. To emit or evacuate through the pores 
of the skin. Smollett. 

PER-STRINOE', (per-strinj') v. t. ['L.perstj'ingo.] To graze ; 
to glance on. Burton. 

PER-SUaD'A-BLE, a. That may be persuaded. 

I’ER-SUaD'A-BLY, adv. So as to be persuaded. 

PER-SUaDE', (per-swade') v.t. ['L. persuadeo.] 1. To in- 
fluence by argument, advice, entreaty or expostulation ; 
to draw or incline the will to a determination by present- 
ing motives to the mind. 2. To convince by argument, or 
by evidence presented in any manner to the mind. 3. To 
inculcate by argument or expostulation ; [/. ?t.] 4. To 
treat by persuasion ; [065.] 

PER-SUAD'ED, pp. Influenced or drawn to an opinion or 
determination by argument, advice or reasons suggested ; 
convinced ; induced. 

PEK-SUaD'ER, n. 1. One that persuades or influences an- 
other. Bacon. 2. That which incites. Milton. 

PEil-SUAD'ING, ppr. Influencing by motives presented. 

PEPc-SUa-SI-BILT-TY, n. Capability of being persuaded. 

PER-SUa'SI-BLE, a. [L. persuasibilis.] That maybe per- 
suaded or influenced by reasons offered. 

PER-SUa'SI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being influenced 
by persuasion. 

PE*R-SUA'f?ION, (per-swa'zhun) n. [Fr. ; 'L.persuasio.] I- 
The act of persuading. 2. The state of being persuaded 
or convinced; settled opinion orconviction proceeding from 
arguments and reasons offered by others, or suggested by 
one’s own reflections. 3. A creed or belief ; or a sect 
or a party adhering to a creed or system of opinions. 

PER-SUa'SIVE, a. Having the power of persuading; in- 
fluencing the mind or passions. 

PER-SUa'SIVE-LY, adv. In such a manner as to persuade 
or convince. Milton. 

PER-SUA'SIVE-NESS, w. The quality of having influence 
on the mind or passions. Taylor. 

PER-SUa'SO-RY, a. Having power to persuade. 

PER-SUIi'PHATE, n. A combination of sulphuric acid with 
the peroxyd of iron. Webstcr^s Manual. 

PERT, a. [VV. ;?«•«.] 1. Lively; brisk; smart. 2. For- 
ward ; saucy ; bold ; indecorously free. Addison. 

PERT, n. An assuming, over-forward, or impertinent per- 
son. Goldsmith. 

PERT, V. i. To behave with pertness ; to be saucy. Bp. 
Gauden, 


PER-TaIN^, V. i. [L. pertineo.] 1. To belong; to be tho 
property, right or duty of. 2. To have relation to. 
Acts i. 

PER-TER-E-BRa'TIOX, n. [L. per and tcrebratio.] The 
act of borjng through. Ainsworth. 

PER-TI-Na'CIOUS, a. [L. pertinax.] 1. Holding or adher- 
ing to any opinion, purpose or design with obstinacy ; 
obstinate; perversely resolute or persistent. 2. Resolute; 
firm ; constant ; steady. 

PER-TI-Na'CIOUS-LY, adv. Obstinately ; with firm or 
perverse adherence to opinion or purpose. 
PER-TI-Na^CIOUS-NESIS, ) n. [lu. pertinacia.] 1. Finn or 
PER-TI-NAC'I-TY, | unyielding adherence to 

opinion or purpose ; obstinacy. 2. Resolution ; constancy. 
PER'TI-NA-CY, w. Obstinacy; stubbornness; persistency; 

resolution ; steadiness. [Littleused.] Taylor. 
PER'TI-NENCE, \ n. [L. pertinens.] Justness of relation 
PER'TI-NEN-CY, | to the subject or matter in hand ; fit- 
ness ; appositeness ; suitableness. 

PER'TI-NENT, a. [L. pertinens.] 1. Related to the subject 
or matter in hand ; just to the purpose ; adapted to the 
end proposed ; apposite ; not foreign to the thing intend- 
ed. 2. Regarding; concerning; belonging; [little tiscd.] 
PER'TI-NENT-LY, adv. Appositely ; to the purpose. 
PER'TI-NENT-NESS, n. Appositeness. 

PER-TIN'(jENT, a. [L. pertingens.] Reaching to. 

PERT LY, adv. 1. Briskly ; smartly ; with prompt bold- 
ness. 2. Saucily ; with indecorous confidence or boldness. 
PERT'NESS, n. 1. Briskness; smartness. 2. Sauciness; 
forward promptness or boldness. 3. Petty liveliness ; 
sprightliness without force, dignity or solidity. 
PER-TURB^, \v.t. [\j. per turbo.] 1. To disturb ; to 

*PER'TIJR-BATE, I agitate; to disquiet. 2. To disor- 
der ; to confuse. 

PER-TUR-Ba'TION, n. [L. perturbatio.] 1. Disquiet or 
agitation of mind. 2. Restlessness of passions ; great un- 
easiness. 3. Disturbance; disorder^ commotion in pub- 
lic affairs. 4. Disturbance of passions ; commotion of 
spirit. 5. Cause of disquiet. 

PER-T(JR-Ba'TOR, 1 n. One that disturbs or raises com- 
PER-TURB'ER, | motion. [Little used.] 
PER-TURB'ED, (per-turbd') Disturbed ; agitated ; dis- 
quieted. 

PER-TuSE', 1 a. [L.pertMSM5.] 1. Punched ; pierced with 
PER-TtjS'ED, I holes. — 2. In botany^ full of hollow dots 
on the surface, as a leaf. 

PER-TU'SION, n. [L. pertusus.] 1. The act of punching, 
piercing or thrusting through with a pointed instrument. 
2. A little hole made by punching ; a perforation. 
PER'UKE, n. [Fr. perruque ; It. perrucca.] An artificial 
cap of hair ; a periwig. Wiseman. 

PERffJKE, V. t. To dress in adscititious hair. 
PER'UKE-Ma-KER, 11. A maker of perukes ; a wu’g-ma- 
ker. 

PE-llfj'SAL, n. I. The act of reading. 2. Careful view or 
examination ; [imnsual.] Tatler. 

PE-RuSE', V. t. 1. To read, or to read with attention. 2. 

'To observe ; to examine with careful survey ; [0^.5 .] 
PE-RuS'ED, (pe-ruzd') pp. Read; observed ; examined. 
PE-RuS'ER, n. One that reads or examines. Woodward. 
PE-RuS'IjNG, ppr. Reading; examining. 

PE-RD'VI-AN, a. Pertaining to Peru, in S. America. — Pe- 
ruvian bark, the bark of the cinchona, a tree of Peru ; 
called also Jesuits^ bark. 

PER-VaDE', V. t. [L. pervado.] 1. To pass through an 
aperture, pore or interstice ; to permeate. 2. To pass or 
spread through the whole extent of a thing and into every 
minute part. 3. We use this verb in a transitive form to 
express a passive or an intransitive signification. 
PER-VaD'ED, pp. Passed through ; permeated; penetrated 
in every part. 

PER-VaDANG, ppr. Passing through or extending to every 
part of a thing. 

PER-Va'SION, n. The act of pervading or passing through 
the W'hole extent of a thing. Boyle. 

PER-VERSE', (per-versO a. [L. perversus.] 1. Literally, 
turned aside ; hence, distorted from the right. 2. Obsti- 
nate in the wrong ; disposed to be contrary ; stubborn ; 
untractable. 3. Cross ; petulant ; peevish ; disposed to 
cross and vex. 

PER-VERSE'LY, (per-versfly) adv. With intent to vex ; 

crossly ; peevishly ; obstinately in the wrong. 
PER-VERSE'NESS, n. Disposition to cross or vex ; iin trac- 
tableness ; crossness of temper. 2. Perversion ; [oA.<?.] 
PER-VER'SION, n. [Fr. ; L. perversus.] The act of per- 
verting ; a turning from truth or propriety ; a diverting 
from the true intent or object; change to something 
w’oi-se. 

PEP-VERST-TY, n. Perverseness ; crossness ; disposition 
to thwart or cross. Morris. 

PER-VERS'IVE, a. Tending to pervert or corrupt. 
PER-VERT', v.t. [L. perverto.] 1. To turn from truth, 
propriety, or from its proper purpose ; to distort from its 
true use or end. 2. To turn from the right ; to corrujit. 


^ Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE ByLL, UNITE.—C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


PET 


COG 


PET 


PER-VERT'ED,pp. Turned from right to wrong j distorted 3 
corrupted; misinterpreted; misemployed 
PER-VERT'ER, n. One that perverts or turns from right to 
wrong ; one that distorts, misinterprets or misapplies. 
PER-VERT'I-BLE, a. That may be perverted. Ainsworth. 
PER-VERT'ING, ppr. Turning from right to wrong ; dis- 
torting; misinterpreting; misapplying; corrupting. 
PER-VES'Tl-GATE, v. t. [L. pervestigo.'] To find out by 
research. Cocker am. 

PER-VES-TI-Ga'TION, n. Diligent inquiry ; thorough re- 
search. Chillinffworth. 

PER-VI-€a'CIOC^S, a. [h.pervicax.] Very obstinate ; stub- 
born ; willfully contrary or refractory. Denham. 

. With willful obstinacy. 

n. Stubbornness ; willful ob- 
stinacy. [LittZe used.'] 

.] 1. Admitting passage ; that 
may be penetrated by another body or substance ; per- 
meable ; penetrable. 2. That may be penetrated by the 
mental sight. 3. Pervading; permeating; [not proper.] 
PER'VI-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of admitting passage 
or of being penetrated. Boyle. 

PE-SaDE', n. [Fr. passade.] The motion of a horse when 
he raises his fore quarters, keeping his hind feet on the 
ground without advancing. 

P£'SO, 71. A Spanish coin weighing an ounce ; a piaster ; a 
piece of eight. Sp. Diet. 

PES'SA-RY, n. [Fr. pessaire.'] A solid substance composed 
of wool, lint or linen, mixed with powder, oil, wax, &c., 
made round and long like a finger, to be introduced into 
the neck of the matrix for the cure of some disorder. 
PEST, n. [Fr. peste j L. pestis.] 1. Plague ; pestilence ; a 
fatal epidemic disease. 2. Any thing very noxious, mis- 
chievous or destructive. 

PEST'ER, V. t. [Fr. pester.] 1. To trouble ; to disturb; to 
annoy; to harass with little vexations. 2. To encumber. 
PEST'ERED, pp. Troubled ; disturbed ; annoyed. 
PEST'ER-ER, 71. One that troubles or harasses with vexation. 
PEST'ER-ING, ppr. Troubling; disturbing. 

PEST'ER-OUS, a. Encumbering ; burdensome. [L. w.] 
PEST'HOUSE, 71. A house or hospital for persons infected 
with any contagi ms and mortal disease, 
t PES'TI-DU€T, 71. [L. pesfis and dttco.] That which con- 
veys or brings contagion. Donne. 

PES-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. pestis and fero.] 1. Pestilential ; 
noxious to health ; malignant ; infectious ; contagious. 
2. Noxious to peace, to morals or to society ; mischievous ; 
destructive. 3. Troublesome ; vexatious. Shah. 
PEST'I-LENCE, n. [L. pestilentia.] 1. Plague, appropri- 
ately so called ; but in a general sense, any contagious or 
infectious disease that is epidemic and mortal. 2. Cor- 
ruption or moral disease destructive to happiness. 
PEST'I-LENT, a. [L. pestilens.] 1. Producing the plague, 
or other malignant, contagious disease ; noxious to health 
and life. 2. Mischievous ; noxious to morals or society ; 
destructive. 3. Troublesome ; mischievous ; making dis- 
turbance ; corrupt. 

PES-TI-LEN'TIAL, a. 1. Partaking of the nature of the 
plague or other infectious disease. 2. Producing or tend- 
ing to produce infectious disease. 3. Mischievous ; de- 
structive ; pernicious. Sozith. 

PEST'I-LENT-LY, ado. Mischievously ; destructively. 
PES-TIL-La'TION, 71. [L. pistillum.] The act of pounding 
and bruising in a mortar. [Little used.'] Brown. 
PES'TLE, (pes'l) n. [L. pistillum.] An instrument for 
pounding and breaking substances in a mortar. — Pestle of 
pork, a gammon of bacon. Ainsworth. 
fPES'TLE, V. i. To use a pestle. B. Jonson. 

PET, 71. [contracted from petulant.] A slight fit of j>eevish- 
ness or fretful discontent. 

PET, n. [formerly peaZ. Qtu. "W.pHh.] 1. A cade lamb ; a 
lamb brought up by hand. 2. A fondling ; any little ani- 
mal fondled and indulged. 

PET, V. t. To treat as a pet ; to fondle ; to indulge, 
t PET, V. i. To take offence ; to be in a slight passion. 

* Pe'TAL, or PET'AL, n. [Fr. petale.] In botany, a flower- 
leaf. 

PET'ALED, ) „ . , , , 7 j 

PET'A-Lods \ petals ; as apetaled flower. 

PET' A-LINE, a. Pertaining to a petal. Barton. 
PET'A-LtSM, 71. [Gr. aeraXto-po?.] A form of sentence 
among the ancient Syracusans, by which they proscribed 
a citizen. 

PET'AL-ITE, 71. [Gr. aeraXov.] A rare mineral. 
PET'A-LOID, a. [petal, and Gr. a^o?.] Having the form of 
petals. Barton. 

PET'AL-SHaPED, a. Having the shape of a petal. 
PE-TARD', 71. [It., Sp. pctarrfo ; Fr. petard.] An engine of 
war made of metal, nearly in the shape of a hat, to be 
loaded with powder and fixed on a madrier or plank, and 
used to break gates, barricades, draw-bridges and the like, 
by explosion. 

PE-TaR'. The same as petard. 


PE-TE'CHI-^, lit [Sp. petequia ; It. petecchia.] Purple 
spots which appear on the skin in malignant fevers. 

PE-Te'€HI-AL, a. [Sp. petequial.] Spotted. A petechial 
fever is a malignant fever accompanied with purple spots 
on the skin. 

PET'E-REL, or PET'REL, n. An aquatic fowl of the genus 
procellaria. 

Pe'TER-PENCE, 7J. A tax or tribute formerly paid by the 
English people to the pope. Hall. 

Pe'TER-WORT, n. A plant. 

PE7''I-0-LAR, ) a. 1. Pertaining to a petiole, or proceed- 

PET'I-O-LA-RY, ^ ing from it. 2. Formed from a peti- 
ole. 3. Growing on a petiole. 

PET'I-O-LATE, I a. Growing on a petiole ; as a petiolate 

PET'I-OLED, ] leaf. JUartyn. 

PEq’'I-OLE, 71. [L. petiolus.] In botany, a leaf-stalk ; the 
foot-stalk of a leaf. 

PET'IT, (pet'ty) a. [Fr. See Pktty.] Small ; little; mean. 
This word petit is now generally written petty. 

PET'IT-MaPTRE, (pet'te-mae-tur) n. [Fr.] A spruce fel- 
low that dangles about females ; a fop ; a coxcomb. 

PE-TI'^TION, 71. [L. petitio.] 1. In a general sense, a re- 
quest, supplication or prayer ; but chiefly and appropri- 
ately, a solemn or formal supplication ; a prayer addressed 
by a person to the Supreme Being. 2. A formal request or 
supplication from an inferior to a superior. 3. The paper 
containing a supplication or solicitation. 

PE-TI''TION, V. t. To make a request to ; to ask from ; to 
solicit ; particularly, to make supplication to a superior for 
some favor or right. 

PE-TF'TION-A-RI-LY, adv. By way ofbegging the question. 

PE-TI"TION-A-RY, a. 1. Supplicatory ; coming with a 
petition. 2. Containing a petition or request. Swift. 

PE-TI'^TION-ER, n. One that presents a petition, either 
verbal or written. 

PE-qi"TION-[NG, p]77-. Asking as a favor, grant, right or 
mercy ; supplicating. 

PE-TI"TION-ING, n. The act of asking or soliciting; so- 
licitation ; supplication. 

PET'I-TO-RY, a. Petitioning; soliciting. Brewer. 

PE-TONG', n. The Chinese name of a species of copper of 
a white color. Pinkerton. 

pP'TEr’ I Saltpetre. 

PE-TRe'AN, a. [L. petra.] Pertaining to rock. 

PE-TRES'CENCE, 71. The process of changing into stone. 

PE-TRES'CENT, a. [Gr. nerpoj.] 1. Converting into stone j 
changing into stony hardness. Boyle. 

PET-RI-FA€'TI0N, 71. 1. The process of changing into 
stone ; the conversion of wood or any animal or vegetable 
substance into stone or a body of stony hardness. 2. That 
which is converted from animal or vegetable substance 
into stone. — 3. In popular usage, a body incrusted with 
stony matter ; an incrustation. 

PET-RI-FAC'TIVE, a. 1. Pertaining to petrifaction. 2. 
Having power to convert vegetable or animal substances 
into stone. 

PE-TRIFTC, a. Having power to convert into stone. 

fPET'RI-FI-CATE, -y. t. To petrify. Hall. 

PET-R1-FI-€a'TION, n. 1. The process of petrifying. 2. 
That which is petrified, a petrifaction. 3. Obduracy ; 

CSllOUSilGSS 

PET'RI-FIED, pp. 1. Clianged into stone. 2. Fixed in 
amazement. 

PET'RI-FY, v.t. [L. petra and /acto.] 1. To convert to 
stone or stony substance ; as an animal or vegetable 
substance. 2. To make callous or obdurate. 3. To fix. 

PET'RI-FY, V. i. To become stone, or of a stony hardness. 

PET'RT-FY-ING, pp?*. Converting into stone. Kirwan. 

Pe'TROL, ) n. [Fr. petroJe.] Rock oil, a liquid in- 

PE-TRo'LE-UM, i flammable substance or bitumen exsud- 
ing from the earth and collected on the surface of the water. 

PET'RO-NEL, n. A horseman’s pistol. 

PET'RO-SI-LEX, 71. [L.peZra and 6iZcT.] Rock stone ; rock 
flint, or compact feldspar. 

PEq’-RO-SI-Ll"ClOUS, a. Consisting of petrosilex. 

Pe'TROUS, a. [L. petra.] Like stone ; hard ; stony. 

PET'TI-CoAT, n. [Fr. petit.] A garment worn by females, 
and covering the lower limbs. 

PET'TI-FOG, V. i. [Fr. petit and vaguer.] To do small 
business ; as a lawyer. [ Vulgar.] 

PET'TI-FOG-GER, n. An inferior attorney or lawyer who 
is employed in small or mean business. 

PET^TI-FOG-GER-Y, n. The practice of a pettifogger ; 
tricks ; quibbles. Milton. 

PET'TI-NESS, 71. Smallness ; littleness. Shak. 

PET'TISH, a. Fretful ; peevish. Creech. 

PET'TISH-LY, adv. In a pet ; with a freek of ill-temper. 

PET'TISH-NESS, 71. Fretfulness; petulance; peevishness. 
Collier. 

PET'TI-ToES, 71. The toes or feet of a pig ; sometimes 
used for the human feet in contempt. 

PET'TO, n. [It., from L. pectus.] The breast ; hence, in 
petto, in secrecy ; in reserve. Chesterfleld. 


PER-VI-€a'CIOUS-LY, adv 
PER-VI-Ca'CIOUS-NESS, ) 
PER-VI-€AC'I-TY, } 

PER'VI-€A-CY, ) 

PER'VI-OUS, a. TL. pervius 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, O, Y, long, — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PR£Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


PHA 


607 


PHI 


PET'TY, a. [Fr. petit.] 1. Small ; little; trifling; incon- 
siderable. 2. Inferior. 

PET'TY-CHAPS, n. A small bird of the genus motacilla. 

PET/TY-€OY, 71 An herb. .Ainsworth. 

PKT'U-LANCE, ) n. [L. petulantia j Fr. petulance,] Freak- 

PET'U-LAN-CY, \ ish passion ; peevishness ; pettishness ; 
sauciness. PeevisJmess is not precisely synonymous with 
petulance ; the former implying more permanence of a 
sour, fretful temper ; the latter more temporary or ca- 
pricious irritation. 

PET'U-LANT, a. [h. petulans.] 1. Saucy ; pert or forward 
with fretfulness or sourness of temper. 2. Manifesting 
petulance; proceeding from pettishness. 3. Wanton; 
freakish in passion. 

PET'U-LANT-LY, adv. With petulance ; with saucy pert- 

116SS* 

PE-TUL'GOUS, a. Wanton ; frisking. Cane. 

E-TUx\SE', ) (71. Porcelain clay so called, 

PE-TUN'J’SE', > (pe-tuns^) ( used by the Chinese in the 

PE-TUNTZE', ) ( manufacture of porcelain or 

china-ware. 

PEW'", n. [D. puye ; 1^. podium.] An inclosed seat in a 
church. 

PEW, V. t. To furnish with pews. \^Little used.] Ash. 

PeAVET, n. 1. An aquatic fowl, the sea-crow or mire-crow. 
2. The lapwing. Ainsworth. 

PEW^-FEIi-LoW, 71. A companion. Bp. Hall. 

PEW'TER, 7?. [li.peltroi Sp.pelti'e.] 1. A composition or 
factitious metal, consisting of tin and lead, or tin, lead 
and brass. 2. Vessels or utensils made of pewter; as 
plates, dishes, porringers and the like. 

PEW'TEPi.-ER, 71. One whose occupation is to make ves- 
sels and utensils of pewter. Boyle. 

t PEX'l-TY, 71. [L. pecto.] The nap or shag of cloth. 
Coles. 

PHa'E-TON, 71. [Gr., from 0a£vw.] 1. In mythology^ the 
son of Phoebus and Clymene, or of Cephalus and Aurora, 
that is, the son of light or of the sun. 2. An open car- 
riage like a chaise, on four wheels, and drawn by two 
hoi-ses. — 3. In ornithology^ a genus of fowls, the tropic 
bird. 

rilA-GE-D£'NA, n. [Gr. (payeSaiva.] An ulcer, where the 
sharpness of the humors eats away the flesh. 

PHA-GE-DEN'IC, ) a. [Gr. (payeS-iiviKos.] Eating or cor- 

PHA-GE-De'NOUS, ] roding flesh. 

PHA-GE-DEN'IG, n. A medicine or application that eats 
away proud or fungous flesh. 

PHA-LAN'GI-OUS, a. [Gr. 0aXayyiov.] Pertaining to the 
genus of spiders. Broion. 

PHAL'AN-gITE, n. [Gr. 6a\ayyiTr}^.] A soldier belong- 
ing to a phalanx. Mitfurd. 

* PHALANX, or PHa'LANX, 7i. [L. ; Gr. 0aXay|.] 1. In 
Grecian antiquity, a square battalion or body of soldiers, 
formed in ranks and files close and deep. 2. Any body 
of troops or men formed in close array, or any combina- 
tion of people distinguished for firmness and solidity of 
union. — 3. In anatomy, the three rows of small bones 
forming the fingers. — 4. In natural history, a term used 
to express the arrangement of the columns of a sort of 
fossil corolloid. 

PIIAL'A-ROPE, 71. The name of several species of water- 
fowls inhabiting the northern latitudes. 

PIIAN'TASM, 71. \Gr. (pavTac pa.] That which appears to 
the mind ; the image of an external object ; an idea or 
notion ; it usually denotes a vain or airy appearance ; 
something imagined. 

PHAN-TAS'MA. The same as phantasm. 

PHAN-TAS^TIG. See Fantastic. 

PHAiVTA-SY. Sec Fancy. 

PIIAN'TOM, 71. [Fr./«7it(77iie.] 1. Something that appears ; 
an apparition ; a spectre. 2. A fancied vision. 

PHa'RA-ON, 71. The name of a game of chance. 

PHAR-A-ONTG, a. Pertaining to the Pharaohs or kings of 
Egypt, or to the old Egyptians. A'ichuhr. 

PHAR-I-Sa'IG, ) a. Pertaining to the Pharisees ; re- 

PHAR-I-Sa'I-€AL, i sembl in g the Pharisees ; making a 
show of religion without the spirit of it. 

PIIAR-I-SaT-€AL-NESS, n. Devotion to external rites 
and ceremonies ; external show of religion without the 
spirit of it. 

PIIART-SA-ISM, 77. 1. The notions, doctrines and conduct 
of the Pharisees, as a sect. 2. Rigid observance of ex- 
ternal forms of religion without genuine piety; hypocrisy 
in religioji. 

PHAR-I-Se'AN, a. Following the practice of the Phari- 
sees. JMilton. 

PHART-SEE, 71. [Heb. D*^D, to separate.] One of a sect 
among the Jews, whose religion consisted in a strict ob- 
servance of rites and ceremonies and of the traditions of 
the elders, and whose pretended holiness led them to sep- 
arate themselves as a sect, considering themselves as 
more righteous than other Jews. 


* PHAR-MA-CEO'TIG, )a. [Gr. (bappaKCvriKog.] Per 

* PHAR-MA-CEu-'l'I-OAL, ) taining to the knowledge or 
art of pharmacy, or to the art of preparing medicines. 

* PHAR-MA-CEu'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of 
pharmacy. 

* PHAR-MA-CEtj^TIGS, n. The science of preparing and 
exhibiting medicines. Parr. 

PHAR'MA-CO-LITE, 71. Arseniate of lime. 

PHAR-MA-COL'O-GIST, n. [Gr. (pappaKov.] One that 
writes on drugs, or the composition and preparation of 
medicines. Woodward. 

PHAR-MA-€0L'0-GY, 71. 1. The science or knowledge of 
drugs, or the art of preparing medicines. 2. A treatise on 
the art of preparing medicines. 

PHAR-MA-€0-P^TA, ? n. [Gr. (pappaKov and aoicw.] A 

PHAR'MA-CO-PY, j dispensatory ; a book or treatise 
describing the preparations of the several kinds of medi- 
cines, with their uses and manner of application. 

PHAR-MA-€OP'0-LIST, n. [Gr. (pappaKov and xcjrcw.] 
One that sells medicines ; an apothecary. 

PHAR'MA-CY, 71. [Gr. (pappaKtia.] The art or practice of 
preparing, preserving and compounding substances for 
the purposes of medicine ; the occupation of an apothe- 
cary. 

PHa'ROS, 71. [Gr. <papog.] 1. A light-house or tower which 
anciently stood on a small isle of that name, adjoining the 
Egyptian shore, over against Alexandria. 2. Any light- 
house for the direction of seamen ; a watch-tower ; a 
beacon. 

PHAR-YN-GOT^O-MY, n. [Gr. cpapvy^ and TLpvw.] Tlio 
operation of making an incision into the pharynx. 

PHa'RYNX, 71. The upper part of the gullet, below the 
larynx. 

PHAS'EL, 71. [Gr. (pacrjXog, or (paaio\og.] The French bean, 
or kidney bean. 

PHa'SIS, i 71.; phi. Phases. [Gr. (paaig.] 1. In a general 

PHASE, j sense, an appearance ; that which is exhibited 
to the eye ; appropriately, any appearance or quantity of 
illumination of the moon or other planet. — 2. in mineral- 
ogy, transparent green quartz. 

PHASM, ; 71. [Gr.] Appearance ; fancied apparition ; 

PHAS'MA, \ phantom. [Little used.] 

PI1AS'SA-€HATE, n. The lead-colored agate. 

PHEAS'ANT, (fez'ant) n. [Fr. faisan ; L. phasianus ] 
A fowl of the genus phasianus, of beautiful plumage, and 
its flesh delicate food. 

PHEER, 71 . [Sax. gefera.] A companion. Sec Peer. 

PHEESE, v.t. To comb. See Fease. 

PHEN'GITE, 71. [Gr. ^eyytTrjg.] A beautiful species of 
alabaster. Encyc. 

PHENT-GOP-TER, n. [Gr. (poiviKOUTcpog.] A fowl of the 
genus ph(Bnicopterus ; the flamingo. 

PIIe'NIX, 71. [Gr. (poivi^ ; E. phoenix.] 1. The fowl which 
is said to exist single, and to rise again from its own 
ashes. 2. A person of singular distinction. 

PHEN-O-GAMT-AN, a. [Gr. ^aivoi and.yapo?.] In botany, 
having the essential organs of fructification visible. 

PHE-NOM-E-NOL'O-GY, n. [phenomenon, and Gr. Xoyo?.] 
A description or history of phenomena. 

PHE-NOM'E-NON, 7i.; plw. Phenomena. [Gr. (paivopevov.] 
In a general sense, an appearance ; any thing visible ; 
whatever is presented to the eye by observation or experi- 
ment, or whatever is discovered to exist. It sometimes 
denotes a remarkable or unusual appearance. 

PHe'ON, 77. In heraldry, the barbed iron head of a dart. 

PHI'AL, 71. [L. phiala.] 1. A glass vessel or bottle ; in 
common usage, a small glass vessel used for holding 
liquors. 2. A large vessel or bottle made of glass ; as the 
Leyden phial. 

PHFAL, V. t. To put or keep in a phial. Shenstone. 

PHIL-A-DELPHT-AN, a. [Gr. 0iXos and aSe)^(pog.] Per- 
taining to Philadelphia, or to Ptolemy Philadelphus. 

PHIL-A-DELPH'I-AN, n. One of the family of love. 

PHIL-AN-THROP'IG, ) a. 1. Possessing general be- 

PHIL-AN-TIIROP'I-GAL, j nevolence ; entertaining good- 
will towards all men; loving mankind. 2. Directed to 
the general good. 

PHI-LAN'THRO-PIST, n. A person of general benevo- 
lence ; one who loves or wishes well to his fellow men, 
and who exerts himself in doing them good. 

PHI-LAN'THRO-PY, 7 ?,. [Gr. (pi\og and avdpoouos.] The 
love of mankind ; benevolence towards the whole human 
family ; universal good-will. 

F'HI-LIPTIG, 11 . An oration of Demosthenes, the Grecian 
orator, against Philip, king of Macedon. Hence the word 
is used to denote any discourse or declamation full of ac- 
rimonious invective. 

PIIIL'IP-PlZE, V. i. 1. To write or utter invective ; to de- 
claim against ; [unusual.] Burke. 2. To side with Philip ; 
to support or advocate Philip. Swift. 

PHIL-LY-Re^A, 77. A genus of plants, mockprivet. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


PHL 


G08 PHR 


PHI-L0L 0-6ER, or PHI-LOL'O-OIST, n. One versed in 
the history and construction of language. 

PHIL-0-L06'IC, I a. Pertaining to philology, or to the 

PHIL-0-LOG'I-€AL, j study and knowledge of language. 

PHI-LOL'O-OIZE, V. i. To offer criticisms. [L. w.] Evelyn. 

PHI-LOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. <pi\o)<oyia.] 1. Primarily, a love 
of words. 2. That branch of literature which compre- 
hends a knowledge of the etymology or origin and combi- 
nation of words ; grammar, the construction of sentences 
or use of words in language j criticism. 

PHPLO-MATH, n. [Gi\ (piXojmOrjg.] A lover of learning. 

PHI-LO-MATH'I€, a. 1. Pertaining to the love of learning. 

2. Having a love of letters. 

PHIL'O-MATH-Y, n. The love of learning. 

* PHPLO-MEL, i n. [from Philomela, who was changed 

* PHI-LO-Me'EA, I into a nightingale.] The nightingale. 

PHIL'O-MOT, a. [corrupted from Fr.fcuillc viortc.] Of the 

color of a dead leaf. Addison. 

PHIL-0-Mu'SI-€AL, a. Loving music. Busby. 

PHIL-0-P0-LEMT€, a. [Gr. 0tAof and no'XtiJUKos.] Ruling 
over opposite or contending natures ; an epithet of Mi- 
nerva. 

f PHI-LOS'O-PHATE, V. i. ['L.philoscphor, philosopkatus.] 
To play the philosopher j to moralize. 

t PH1-L0S-0 -PHa'TI0N, 71. Philosophical discussion. 

PHI-LOS'O-PHEME, n. [Gr. <pi\ono(pT)pa.] Principle of 
reasoning ; a theorem. [Little used.] 

PHl-LOS'O-PHER, n. 1. A person versed in philosophy, cr 
in the principles of nature and morality j one who devotes 
himself to the study of physics, or of moral or intellectual 
science. — 2. In a general sense, one who is profoundly 
versed in any science. — Philosopher'^ s stone, a stone or 
preparation which the alchimists formerly sought, as the 
instrument of converting the baser metals into pure 
gold. 

PHIL-0-SOPHT€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to philosophy. 

PHlL-0-SOPH'I-€AL, ) 2. Proceeding from pliilosophy. 

3. Suitable to philosophy ; according to philosophy. 4. 
Skilled in philosophy. 5. Given to philosophy. 6. Reg- 
ulated by philosophy or the rules of reason. 7. Calm ; 
cool ; temperate j rational 5 sucli as characterizes a phi- 
losopher. 

PHIL-O-SOPHT-CAL-LY, adv. 1. In a philosophical man- 
ner. 2. Calmly ; wisely ; rationally. 

PHI-LO.S'O-PHISM, n. [Gr. ^I'Xog and ooptapa.] 1. The 
love of fallacious arguments or false reasoning. 2. The 
practice of sophistry. Ch. Obs. 

PHI-LOS'O-PHIST, n. A lover of sophistry j one who 
practices sophistry. Porteus. 

PHl-LOS-0-PHIS'TI€, ) a. Pertaining to the love or 

PHI-LOS-0-PHIS'TI-€AL, ) practice of sophistry. 

PHT-LOS'O-PHIZE, v.i. To reason like a philosopher; to 
search into the reason and nature of things ; to investi- 
gate phenomena and assign rational causes for their ex- 
istence. 

PIll-LOS'O-PHIZ-ING, ppr. Searching into the reasons of 
things ; assigning reasons for phenomena. 

PIII-LOS'O-PH Y, 71. [L. philosophia.] 1. Literally, the love 
of wisdom. But, in modcTm acceptation, philosophy is a 
general term denoting an explanation of the reasons of 
things ; or an investigation of the causes of all phenomena 
both of mind and of matter. When applied to any par- 
ticular department of knowledge, it denotes the collection 
of general laws or principles under which all the subordi- 
nate phenomena or facts relating to that subject are com- 
prehended. Thus, that branch of philosophy which treats 
of God, &c. is called theology; that wliich treats of na- 
ture is called or natural philosophy; that which 

treats of man is called logic and ethics, or 7noral philos- 
ophy ; that which treats of the mind is called mtellectual 
or mental philosophy, or metaphysics. 2. Hypothesis or 
system on which natural effects are explained. 3. Rea- 
soning ; argumentation. 4. Course of sciences read in 
the schools. 

PHIL'TER, n. [Fr. philtre; F.philtra.] 1. A potion in- 
tended or adapted to excite love. 2. A charm to excite 
love. 

PHIL'TER, V. f. 1. To impregnate with a love potion. 2. 
To charm to lov’e ; to excite to love or animal desire by a 
potion. 

PHIZ, n. [supposed to be a contraction of phtjsiognomy.] 
The face or visage ; in contempt. Stepney. 

PHLE-BOT'O-MIST, n. One that opens a vein for letting 
blood ; a blood-letter. 

PHLE-BOT^O-MTZE, v.t. To let blood from a vein. 

PHLE-BOT'O-MY, n. [Gr. (p'Xeporopia.] The act or prac- 
tice of opening a vein for letting blood. 

PHLEGM, 1 71. [Gr. (p\eypa.] 1. Cold animal fluid; watery 

PHLEM, i matter ; one of the four humors of which the 
ancients supposed the blood to be composed. — 2. In co7n- 
mon usage, bronchial mucus ; the thick viscid matter 
secreted in the throat. — 3. Among chemists, water, or the 


water of distillation. 4. Dullness ; coldness ; sluggish- 
ness ; indifference. 

I PHLEG'MA-GOGUE, (fleg'ma-gog) n. [Gr. (p\eypa and 
ayo).] A term anciently used to denote a medicine sup- 
posed to possess the properly of expelling phlegm. 

* PHLEG-MATTC, a. [Gr. ^XeypariKog.] 1. Abounding 
in phlegm. 2. Generating phlegm. 3. Watery. 4. Cold ; 
dull; sluggish 5 heavy; not easily excited into action or 
passion. 

PHLEG-MAT'I-CAL-LY, / adv. Coldly : heavily. fPar- 

PHLEG-MAT'IC-LY, \ burton. 

PHLEG'MON, n. [Gr. (pXeypovy.] An external inflamma- 
tion and tumor, attended with burning heat. 

PHLEG 'MO-NO US, a. Having the nature or properties of a 
phlegmon ; inflammatory ; burning. 

FHLEME, 7?. [Arm.^cm?/*.] See Fleam. 

PHLO-GIS'TIAN, 71. A believer in the existence of phlo- 
giston. 

PHLO-GIS'TIC, a. Partaking of phlogiston ; inflaming. 

PHLO-GlS'TI-CATE, v. t. To combine phlogiston with. 

PHLO-GIS-TI-€a'TION, 71. The act or process of combi- 
ning with phlogiston. 

* PHLO-GIS'TON, 71. [Gr. <pXo)/ccrog.] The principle of 
inflammability; the matter of lire in composition with 
other bodies. 

PHo'LA-DlTE, 71. A petrified shell of the genus pholas, 

PIION'ICS, 71. [Gr. (pcovrj.] 1. The doctrine or science of 
sounds ; otherwise called acoustics. 2. The art of com- 
bining musical sounds. 

PHO-NO-€AMP'TI€, a. [Gr. (fjon’tj and Kapurio.] Having 
the power to inflect sound, or turn it from its direction, 
and thus to alter it. 

PHON'O-LITE, 71. [Gr. 0wv>7 and Xt0o?.] Sounding-stone; 
a name proposed as a substitute for klingste'in. 

PHON-O-LOGT-CAL, a. Pertaining to phonology. 

PHO-NOL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. (piovy and Aoyo?.]' A treatise on 
sounds, or the science or doctrine of the elementary 
sounds uttered by the human voice in speech. 

PHOS GENE, a. [Gr. <po)g and yevvaio.] Generating light. 
Sillimav. 

PHOS'PHATE, 71. 1. A salt formed by a combination of 
phosphoric acid with a base of earth, alkali or metal. 2. 
A mineral. 

PHOS'PHITE, n. A salt formed by a combination of phos- 
phorous acid with a salifiable base. Lavoisier. 

PHOS'PHO-LITE, 71. [phosphor, and Gr. At0o?.] An earth 
united with phosphoric acid. Kirwa7i. 

PHOS'PHOR, 7?. [Gr. (pwa<l)opog.] The morning star or 
Lucifer ; Venus, when it precedes the sun and shines in 
the morning. 

PHOS'PHO-RATE, v. t. To combine or impregnate with 
phosphorus. 

PHOS'PHO-RA-TED, pp. Combinr d or impregnated w’ith 
phosphorus. 

PHOS'PHO-RA-TING, ppr. Combining with phosphorus. 

PHOS-PHO-RESCE', (fos-fo-ress') v. i. To shine, as phos- 
phorus, by exhibiting a faint light without sensible heat. 

PHOS-PHO-RES'CENCE, n. A faint light or luniincusiiess 
of a body, unaccompanied with sensible heat. \ 

PHOS-PHO-RES'CENT, a. Shining with a faint light; 
luminous without sensible heat. 

PHOS-PHO-RES'CING, ppr. Exhibiting light without sen- 
sible heat. Cleaveland. 

PHOS'PHO-RI€, or PHOS-PHOR'IC, a. Pertaining to or 
obtained from phosphorus. 

PHOS'PHO-RITE, 71. A species of calcarious earth. 

PHOS-PHO-RIT'IC, a. Pertaining to phosphorite. 

PHOS'PHO-ROUS, a. The phosphorous acid is formed by a 
combination of phosphorus with oxygen. 

PHOS'PHO-RUS, or PHOS'PHOR, n. [L.] 1. The morn- 
ing star. — 2. Phosphorus, in chemistry, a combustible sub- 
stance, hitherto undecomposed. It is of a yellowish color 
and semi-transparent, resembling fine wax. It burns in 
common air with great rapidity. D. Olmsted. 

PHOS'PHU-RET, 71. A combination of phosphorus not oxy- 
genated with a base. Hooper. 

PHOS'PHU-RET-ED, a. Combined with a phosphuret. 

PHo'TI-ZITE, 77. A mineral, an oxyd of manganese. 

PHO-TO-LOG'IC, ) a. Pertaining to photology, or the 

PHO-TO-LOG'I-CAL, \ doctrine of light. 

PHO-TOL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. (piog and Xoyog.] Tlie doctrine or 
science of light, explaining its nature and phenomena. 

PHO-TOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. (p(og and jxcTpov.] An instrument 
for measuring the relative intensities of light. Rumfurd. 

PHO-TO-MET'RI€, ) a. Pertaining to or made by a 

PHO-TO-MET'RI-CAL, \ photometer. 

PHRASE, 71. [Gr. 1. A short sentence or expres- 

sion. 2. A particular mode of speech ; a peculiar sen- 
tence or short idiomatic expression. 3. Style ; expression. 
— 4. In music, any regular symmetrical course of notes 
which begin and complete the intended expression. 


* Sec Synopsis, a, E, T, o, D, Y, Zow^.—FAR, F^LL, WHI.^T ; — PR£Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— ^Obsolete. 


PIC 


PHY 


G 09 


PHRASE, V. t. To call ; to style j to express in words or in [ 
peculiar words. Shak. 

PHRASE, V. i. To employ peculiar expressions. 

PHRaSE LESS, a. Not to be expressed or described. 

PnRA-SE-0-LO(j'I€. la. Peculiarinexpression;con- 

PlIR A-SE-O-LOG'l-t’AL^ sistiiig of a peculiar form of 

words. 

PIIRA-SE-OL'O-G Y, ?i. [Gr. and Xeyw.] 1. Manner 

of expression ; peculiar words used in a sentence j dic- 
tion. 2. A collection of phrases in a language. 

* PHRE-NET'I€, a. [Gr. fppzveriKog.] Subject to strong or 
violent sallies of imagination or excitement; wild and 
erratic; partially mad. [It has been sometimes written 
phreutic, but is now generally written Jrantic.] 
PlIRE-NETHG, ?j. A person who is wild and erratic in 
Iiis imagination. IVoodward. 

PHREN'1€, a. [from Gr. Belonging to the dia- 

phragm. 

PHRENH-TIS, V. [Gr. (Ppcvirig.] 1. In medicine^ an inflam- 
mation of the brain, or of the meninges of the brain, at- 
tended with acute fever and delirium. 2. Madness, or 
partial madness; delirium; phrensy. [It is generally 
written, in English, p/r/'C/ts//, or frenzy.'] 

PHREN-O-LOG'I-GA L, a. Pertaijiing to phrenology. 

PHREN-0-LOG'I-€AL-LY, ado. Jn a phrenological man- 
ner. 

PllRE-NOL^O-GlST, v. One versed in phrenology. 

PIIRE-NOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. (Ppyv and Aoyo?.] ]. Tire science 
of the human mind. Ch. Obs. 2. 'fhe science of the 
mind as connected with tlie supposed organs of thought 
and passion in the brain. 

PHRE.V^SY, 7t. Madness ; delirium, or that partial madness 
which manifests itself in wild and erratic sallies of the 
imagination. It is written, also, /reazp. 

PHREiV^7'I€. Tlie same as phrenetic. 

f PIIRON'TIS-TER-Y, n. [Gr. (p^ovTiaryoiov.] A school or 
seminary of learning. 

PIIRYG'I-AN, a. [from Pertaining to Phrygia ; 

an epithet applied to a sprightly , animating kind of music. 
— Phrygian stone ^ a stone used in dyeing. 

PIITHIS'IO, (tiz'zik) n. A popular name for an habitual or 
occasional dyspnoea^ or difficulty of breathing. 

PI1TIIISH-€AL, (tiz'ze-kal) a. [Gr. (pdiaiKog.] Wasting 
the flesh. 

PHTIII'SIS, (thi'sis) 71. [Gr. fOung.] A consumption oc- 
casioned by ulcerated lungs. Coxc. 

PIIY-LAG'TER, or PII Y-LA€'TER-Y, 77. [Gr. 0yXa«-n;- 
ptoi'.] 1. In a general sense., any cliarm, spell or amulet 
worn as a preservative from danger or disease. — 2. Among 
the .Jews., a slip of parchment on which was written some 
text of Scripture, particularly of the decalogue, worn by 
devout persons on the forehead, breast or neck as a inark 
of their religion. — 3. Among the primitive Christians, a 
case in which they inclosed the relics of the dead. 

PI1Y-IjA€'TEREI), a. XVearing a phylactery ; dressed like 
the Pliarisees. Qrecn. 

PIl Y-LAC'TER-IG, \ a. Pertaining to phylacteries. 

PHY-LA€-TE1PI-€AL, i Addison. 

PIIYL LITE, 77. [Gr. (bvXXov and Xt0o?.] A petrified leaf, 
or a mineral having the figure of a leaf. 

PHYL-LOPIPO-ROUS, rt. [Gr. 0uXXov and 0fpoj.] Leaf- 
bearing ; ])roducing leaves. 

PIIYS'A-IATE, 77. [Gr. ^ucrao; and XiOoj.] A mineral of a 
greenish-white color, a subspecies of prismatic topaz; 
called, also, pyrophysalite. 

PIIYS'E-TKR. See Cachalot. 

PHYS-I-AN/TIIRO-PY, 77 . [Gr. and ar^fK^aoc.] The 
philosophy of human life, or the doctrine of the constitu- 
tion and diseases of man, and the remedies. 

PIIYS'If’, 77. [Gr. </7i7<n7f77.] ]. The art of liealing diseases. 
2. Medicines; remedies for diseases. — 3. In popular I an- 
guagre, a medicine that purges ; a purge; a cathartic. 

PIIYSRC, v.t. J. To treat witli physic; to evacuate the 
bowels with a cathartic ; to purge. 2. To cure. 

PHYSH-GAL, u. 1. Pertaining to nature or natural produc- 
tions, or to material things, as opposed to things moral or 
imaginary. 2. External ; percejitible to the senses. 3. 
Relating to the art of healing. 4. Having tlie property of 
evacuating the bowels. 5. Medicinal ; promoting the 
cure of diseases. 6. Resembling physic. 

PH YS'1-CAL-LY, ado. 1. According to nature; by natu- 
ral power or the operation of natural laws. 2. According 
to the art or rules of medicine ; [oZ76\] 

PHY-SI' CIAN, IX. 1. A person skilled in the art of healing ; 
one whose profession is to prescribe remedies for diseases. 
— 2. In a .spiritual sense, one that heals moral diseases. 

PH YS'I-€0-L0G 1C, 77 . Logic illustrated by natural phi- 
losophy. 

PHYJ^'I-CO-IjOG'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to physico-logic. 
[Little used.] 


PHYS'I-€0-THE-0L'0-GY’, 77. Theology or divinity illus- 
trated or enforced by physics or natural philosophy. 

PHYS'ICS, 77. 1. In its most extensive sense, the science of 
nature or of natural objects. — 2 . In the usual axid more 
limited sexise, the science of the material system, including 
natural history and philosophy. 

* PH Y.^-I-OG'NO-MER. See Physiognomist. 

PHYS-I-OG-NOM'IC, } , , • 

PHYS-I-OG-NOM'f-CAL, ^ lertaimng to phjsiognomy. 

PIIYS-I-OG-NOMHGS, 77 . Among physicians, signs in the 
countenance which indicate the state, temperament or 
constitution of the body and mind. 

* PHYS-I-OG'NO-MIIST, 77 . One that is skilled in physiog- 
nomy. Dryden. 

* PHYS-I-OG'NO-MY, 7 ?. [Gr. (pvcioyi'copovia.] 1. The art 
or science of discerning the character of the mind from 
the features of the face. Lavater. 2. The face or counte- 
nance with respect to the temper of the mind ; particular 
configuration, cast or expression of countenance. , 

PHYS-I-OG'RA-PHY, 77 . [Gr. and ypac/xoy.] A de- 

scription of nature, or the science of natural objects. 

PHYS-I-OL'O-GER, 77 . A physiologist. 

PMV<S T-H-T riG/TP ) 

PHYS-I-O-LOG'I-CAL, \ ^^^^taining to physiology. 

PHYS-I-0-LOG'I-€AL-LY^, adv. According to the princi- 
ples of physiology. Lmcrejicc’s Lect. 

PHYS-I-OlXO-Gl«T, 77 . 1. One who is versed in the sci- 
ence of living beings, or in the properties and functions 
of animals and plants. 2. One that treats of physiology. 

PIIYS-I-OIVO-GY, 77. [Gr. (j)VGio\oyia.] 1. The science 
of the properties and functions of animals and plants. 2. 
The science of the mind. Brown. 

I PHYS'NO-MY, 77 . The old word for physiognomy. Spen- 
ser. 


t PHYS'Y, for fusee. Locke. 

PH5^TON-ESi4. See Pythoness. 

PHY-TIV'O-ROUS, a. [Gr. ^vtov, and L. rcro.] Feeding 
on plants or herbage. Ray. 

PHY-TO-GU.A-PIPI-CAL, a. Pertaining to the description 
of plants. 

PH Y-TOG'RA-PHY, ?7. [Gr. (pvrov and ypaxpy.] A descrip- 
tion of plants. 

PHYT^O-LITE, 77. [Gr. (pvrov and XiOof.] A plant petri- 
fied, or fossil vegetable. 

PHY-TOL'O-GIST, n. One versed in plants, or skilled in 
phytology ; a botanist. 

PHY-TOL'O-GY, 77. [Gr. (pvtov and Xoyof.] A discourse or 
treatise of plants, or the doctrine of plants. 

Pi'A XIa'TER. [L.] In anatomy, a thin membrane imme- 
diately investing the brain. Coze. 

PI-A'BA, 77. A small fresh-water fish of Brazil. 

tPI'A-CLE, 77. [\j. piaculum.] An enormous crime. 

PI-A€'U-LAR, ) a. [h. piacularis.] 1. Expiatory; hav- 

PI-AC'U-LOU!?, i ing power to atone. 2. Requiring ex- 
piation. 3. Criminal ; atrociously bad. 

Pl'yV-NET, 77. [L. pica, or piens.] 1. A bird, the lesser 
woodpecker. Bailey. 2. The magpie. 

Pl'A-NiST, 77. A performer on the })iano-forte. 

PI-a'NO-FoR'TE, 77. [It.p?a7?o and forte.] A keyed musi- 
cal instniment of German origin and of the harpsichord 
kind, but smaller : so called from its softer notes or ex- 
pressions. 

PI-A.S'TER, 77. [It. piastra.] An Italian coin of about 80 
cents value, or 3s. Id. sterling. 

t PI-a'TION, 77. [L. piat'io.] Expiation ; the act of atoning 
or purging by sacrifice. 

PI-AZ'ZA,77. [It., for yjhizza ,* Ep. pZ«z77.] A portico or cov- 
ered walk supported by arclies or columns. 

PIB'-CORiV, 77. [W. pipe-horn.] Among the Welsh, n.w\m\ 
instrument or iiipc with a horn at each end. 

PPBROCH, 77. [Goe\. jnohaireachd.] A wild, irregular spe- 
cies of music, peculiar to the Highlands of {Scotland. It is 
performed on a bagpipe. 

Pi'CA, 77. 1 . In 777V77t/7o/o^y, the pie or magpie. — 2 . In 7777'J- 
icine, a vitiated appetite. 3. A printing type of a large 
size. — 4. Pica, pye or pic, frumerly an ordinary, a table or 
directory for devotional services ; also, an alphabetical 
catalogue of names and things in rolls and records. 

Pl'GA MA-RCi\'A. The sca-pye, ostralcgus or oyster- 
catcher ; an aquatic fowl. 

PIC-A-ROON', 77. [Fr. pic or exir.] A plunderer; a pirate. 

ITC'CA-DIL, PIC-CA-DTL'I.Y, or PICK'AR-DIL, 77. A 
high collar or a kind of rulP. Ji’ilson. 

PIC'CAGE, 77. [Norm, pecker.] Money paid at fairs for 
breaking ground for booths. 

PICK, V. t. [Sax. pycon ; D. pikken ; G. picken ; Gnn.pik- 
ker ; Sw. picka.] ‘l. To ptill off or pluck with the fingers 
something that grows or adhei'es to another thing ; to sep- 
arate by the hand. 2. To pull oft’ or separate with the 
teeth, beak or claws. 3. To clean by the teeth, fingers 
or claws, or by a small instrument, by separating some- 
thing that adheres. 4. To take up ; to cause or seek in- 
dust'riouslv. 5. To sep;irate or pull asunder ; to pull into 


* Se.e Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE ; BIJLL, UNITE. — C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z j Cil as SH ; Til as in this, j Obsolete, 

33 


PIC 


610 


PIE 


small parcels by the fingers ; to separate locks for loosen- ;i 
ing and cleaning. 6. To pierce ; to strike with a pointed jj 
instrument. 7 . To strike with the bill or beak ; to punc- i 
ture. 8. To steal by taking out with the fingers or hands, j 
9 . To open by a pointed instrument. 10 . To select ; to j 
cull 3 to separate particular things from otliers. — To pick 
out, to select. — To pick up, to take up ; to gather ; to glean. 

— Tojnck a hole in one^s coat, to find fault. 

PI€K, V. i. 1 . To eat slowly or by morsels ; to nibble. 2 . 
To do any thing nicely or by attending to small things. 

PI€K, «. [Fr. pique ; D.pik.] 1 . A sharp-pointed tool for 

■ digging or removing in small quantities. 2 . Choice ; right 
of selection. — 3 . Among printers, foul matter which col- 
lects on printing types. 

PICK'A-PACK, adv. In manner of a pack. [Vulgar.] 

PICK' AXE, n. [pick and axe.] An axe with a sharp point 
at one end and a broad blade at the other. Milton. 

PIGK'BACK, a. On the back. JIudibras. 

PICKED, pp. Plucked off by the fingers, teeth or claws j 
cleaned by picking j opened by an instrument ; selected. 

PICK'ED, or PIK'ED, a. Pointed ; sharp. Mortimer. 

PICK'ED-NESS, n. 1 . State of being pointed at the end ; 
sharpness. 2 . Foppery ; spruceness. 

PICK-EER', V. t. [Fr. picorer.] 1 . To pillage 3 to pirate. 

2 . To skirmish, as soldiers on the outposts of an army, or 
in pillaging parties. 

PICK'ER, 11. 1 . One that picks or culls. 2 . A pickaxe or 
instrument for picking or separating. Mortimer. 3 . One 
that excites a quarrel between liimself and another, 

PICK'ER-EL, n. [from A small pike, a fish. 

PIGK'ER-EL-WEED, n. A plant. Walton. 

PICK'ET, 71 . [Fr. piquet.] 1 . A stake sharpened or point- 
ed. 2 . A narrow board i)ointed 3 used in making fence. 

3 . A guard posted in front of an army to give notice of 
tlie approach of the enemy. Marshall. 4 . A game at 
cards 5 [see PiquEX.] 5 . A punishment wliich consists 
in making the offender stand with one foot on a pointed 
stcilco 

PICK'ET, V. t. 1 . To fortify with pointed stakes. 2 . To 
inclose or fence with narrow pointed boards. 3 . To fas- 
ten to a picket. Moore. 

PICK'ET-ED, pp. Fortified or inclosed with pickets. 

PICK'ET-ING, ppr. Inclosing or fortifying with pickets. 

PICK'ING, ppr. Pulling off with the fingers or teeth 3 se- 
lecting. 

PICK'ING, n. The act of plucking 3 selection 3 gathering 3 
gleaning. 

PIC'KLE, 71 . [D. pekel.] 1 . Brine 3 a solution of salt and 
water, or simply vinegar, sometimes impregnated with 
spices, in which flesh, fish or other substance is preserv- 
ed. 2 . A thing preserved in pickle. 3 . A state or condi- 
tion of difficulty or disorder. 4 . A parcel of land inclosed 
with a hedge 3 [local.] 

PIC'KLE, V. t. 1. To preserve in brine or pickle. 2 . To 
season in pickle. 3 . To imbue highly with any thing bad. 

PIC'KLE-HER'RING, 71. A merry-andrew 5 a zany 3 a 
buffoon. Spectator. 

PICK'LOCK, 71 . 1 . An instrument for opening locks 

without the key. Arhuthnot. 2 . A person who picks locks. 

PICK'NICK, n. An assembly where each person contrib- 
utes to the entertainment. Todd. 

PICK'POCK-ET, 71 . One who steals from the pocket of an- 
other. Arbuthnot. 

PICK'PURSE, 77. One that steals from the purse of another. 
Swift. 

PICK'THANK, 71 . An officious fellow, who does \vhat he is 
not desired to do, for the sake of gaining favor 3 a whisper- 
ing parasite. Soxith. 

PICK'TOOTH, 77. An instrument for picking or cleaning 
the teeth. Sec Toothpick. 

P'i'CO, 77. [Sp. See Peak.] A peak 3 the pointed liead of a 
mountain. 

PIC'RO-LITE, 71 . A mineral. See Pikrolite. 

PIC'RO-MEL, 77. [Gr. rrixpof-] The characteristic princi- 
ple of bile. Ure. 

PIC-RO-TOX'IN, 77. [Gr. niKpos, and L. toxicum.] The 
bitter and poisonous principle of the cocculus indietts. 

PICT, 77. [L. pictus.] A person whose body is painted. 

PIC-To'RI-AL, a. [L. pictor.] Pertaining to a painter 3 
produced by a painter. Brown. 

t PICT'U-RAL, 77. A representation. Spenser. 

PICT'URE, 77. [L. pictura.] 1 . A painting exhibiting 
the resemblance of any thing 3 a likeness drawn in colors. 

2 . The works of painters 5 painting. 3 . Any resem- 
blance or representation, either to the eye or to the under- 
standing. 

PICT'URE, V. t. 1 . To paint a resemblance. South. 2 . To 
represent 3 to form or present an ideal likeness. 

PICT'URE-LIKE, a. Like a picture 3 according to the 
manner of a picture. Shak. 

PICT'URED, pp. Painted in resemblance 5 drawn in colors 5 
represented. 

f PICT/tT-RER, 77. A painter. Bp. Hall. 


PIGT-U-RESQ.UE', ) a. [Fr. pittcresque f It. pittoresco.] 

PICT-U-RESK', ^ Expressing that i)eculiar kind 01 
beauty which is agreeable in a picture, natural or artifi- 
cial 3 striking the mind with great power or pleasure in 
representing objects of vision, and in painting to the im- 
agination any circumstance or event as clearly as if de- 
lineated in a picture. Gray. 

PICT-U-RESGtUE'LY, ) adv. In a picturesque manner. 

PICT-U-RESK'LY, \ Montgomery. 

PICT-U-RESQ,UE'XESS, ( n. The state of being pictu- 

PICl’-U-RESK/NESS, \ resque. Price. 

PID DLE, V. i. [This is a different spelling of pc7Zc?Zc.] 1 . To 
deal in trifles 3 to spend time on trifling objects 3 to attend 
to trivicil concerns or the small parts rather than to the 
main. 2 . To pick at table 3 to eat squeamishly or without 
appetite. 

PID'DLER, 77. 1. One who busies himself about little 
things. 2 . One lliat eats squeamishly or without appetite. 

PTE, 77. [Ir. pighe.] An article of food consisting of paste 
baked with something in it or under it, as apple, minced 
meat, &c. 

PIE, 77. [L. pica.] 1 . Tlie magpie, a party-colored bird of 
the genus corvus. It is sometimes written pye. 2 . The 
old popish service book. 3 . Printers’ types mixed or 
unsorted. — Cock and pie, an adjuration l>y the pie or ser- 
vice book, and by the sacred name of the Deity cor- 
rupted, 

PIE'BALD, a. [Sp. pio.] Of various colors 3 diversified in 
color 3 as a piebald horse. Pope. 

PIeCE, 77. [Fr. piece.] 1 . A fragment or part of any thing 
separated from the whole, in any manner, by cutting, 
spliting, breaking or tearing. 2 . A part of any thing, 
though not separated, or separated only in idea 3 not the 
whole 3 a portion. 3 . A distinct part or quantity. 4 . A 
separate part 3 a thing or i^rtion distinct from others of a 
like kind. 5 . A composition, essay or writing of no great 
length. 6. A separate performance 3 a distinct portion of 
labor. 7 . A picture or painting. 8. A coin. 9 . A gun 
or single part of ordnance. — 10 . In heraldry, an ordinary 
or charge. — 11 . In ridicule or contempt, apiece of a lawyer 
is a smatterer. 12 . A castle 3 a building 3 [oZ>5.] Spenser. 
— d-picce, to each 5 as, he paid the men a dollar a-piece. — 
Of a piece, like 3 of the same sort, as if taken from the 
same whole. Dryden. 

PIECE, V. t. To enlarge or mend by the addition of a piece 5 
to patch. Shak. — To piece out, to extend or enlarge by ad- 
(Btion of a piece or pieces. Temple. 

PIECE, V. i. To unite by coalescence of parts 3 to be com- 
pacted, as parts into a whole. 

PIeCED, pp. Mended or enlarged by a piece or pieces. 

PIeCE'LESS, a. Not made of pieces 3 consisting of an en- 
tire thing. Donne. 

t PIeCE'LY, adv. In pieces. Huloet. 

PIeCE'MeAL, adv. [piece, and Sax. mcl. Gu.] 1 . In pieces 3 
in fragments. 2 . By pieces 3 by little and little in succes- 
sion. 

PIeCE'MeAL, a. Single 5 separate 3 made of parts or 
pieces. South. 

PIeCE'MeALED, a. Divided into small pieces. 

PIe'CER, 77. One that pieces 3 a patcher. 

PIED, a. Variegated with spots of difterent colors 5 spot- 
ted. 

PIED NESS, 77. Diversity of colors in spots. Shak. 

PIeLED, G. [See Peel.] Bald 3 bare. 

PIeP, V. i. To cry like a young bird. Huloet. 

PIe'POU-DRE, 77. [Fr. pied and poudreux.] An ancient 
court of record in England, incident to every fair and 
market. 

PIeR, 77. [Sax. per, pere.] 1 . Amass of solid stone-work 
for supporting an arch or the timbers of a bridge or other 
building. 2 . A mass of stone-work or a mole projecting 
into the sea, for breaking the force of the waves and mak- 
ing a safe harbor. 3 . A mass of solid work between the 
windows of a room. 

PIeR'GLASS, 77. A glass which hangs against a pier, be- 
tween windows. 

* PIERCE, (pers, or peers) v. t. [Fr. pereer.] 1 . To thrust 
into with a pointed instrument. 2 . To penetrate 3 to en- 
ter 3 to force a way into. 3 . To penetrate the heart deep- 
ly 3 to touch the passions 5 to excite or affect the pas- 
sions. 1 Tim. vi. 4 . To dive or penetrate into, as a secret 
or purpose. 

* PIERCE, (pers, or peers) v. i. 1 . To enter, as a pointed 
instrument. 2. To penetrate 5 to force a way into or 
through any thing. 3 . To enter 3 to dive or penetrate, as 
into a secret. 4 . To affect deeply. 

* PIERCE'A-BLE, (pers'a-bl, or peers'a-bl) a. That may 
be pierced. 

* PIERCED, pp. Penetrated 3 entered by force 3 trans- 
fixed. 

* PIER'CER, (pers’er, or pSers'er) n. 1 . An instrument that 
pierces, penetrates or bores. 2 . One that pierces or per- 
forates. 

* PIER'CING, (pers'ing, or peers'ing) ppr. 1 . Penetrating 5 


* Sec Synopsis. A, E, I, 0 , E, Y, ?P77<r.— FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PR £Y 3— PIN, MARINE, BiRD 3— | Obsolete. 


PIL 


611 


PIL 


f*nt»?rln£T, ns a pointetl instrument ; making a way by force 
into anuthcr body. 2 . Affecting deeply. 3 . a. Affect- 
ing ; cutting ; keeji. 

riEU'CING-LY, (pers'iiig-ly, or peers ing-ly) adi\ With 
penetrating force or effect ; sharply. 

■* PIER'CING-NE.^ 3 , (pers'ing-nes, cr pP, 5 rs'ing-nes) ji. 
The power of piercing or penetrating ; sharpness ; keen- 
ness. Uerham. 

PI'ET, or PI'OT, ??. [from pic.] A magpie. 

PPE-TISM, n. Extremely strict devotion, or affectation of 
piety. Frey. 

PI'E-TIST, n. One of a sect professing great strictness and 
purity of life. Burnet. 

PT'E-TY, n. [L. vietas ,• Fr. picte.] 1 . Piety in principle 
is a compound of veneration or reverence of the Supreme 
Being and love of his character, or veneration accompa- 
nied with love ; and piety in practice is the exercise of 
these affections in obedience to liis will and devotion to 
his service. 2 . Reverence of parents or friends, accom- 
panied with affection and devotion to their honor and 
liappiness. 

PI-E-ZOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. rriCi^w and perpr.] An instru- 
ment for ascertaining the compressibility of water. Per- 
kins. 


PIG, 7J. [D. 1 . The young of swine. 2 . An oblong 

mass of unforged iron, lead or other metal. 

PKi, V. t. or To bring forth pigs. 

PIG'EON, (pid jiin) n. [Fr.] A fowl of the genus columba. 
PIG EON-FOOT, n. A plant. Ainsicurth. 
PIG'EON-IIEART'ED, a. Timid ; easily frightened. Beau- 


mont. 

PIG'E 0 N-H 5 LE, n. A little apartment or division in a 
case for papers. 

PlG'EON-HoEES, n. An old English game in which balls 
were rolled through little cavities or arches. 

PIG'EON-LIV-ERED, a. Mild in temper 3 soft j gentle. 

PIG'EON-PkA, 71 . A plant of the genus cytisus. 

PIG'GIN, 11. [Scot, a milking pail.] A small wooden vessel 
witli an erect handle, used as a nipper. 

PIG'HEAD-ED, a. Having a large head ; stupid. 

fPlGHT, (pite) pp. [Scot, pight, or picht j from pitch.] 
Pitched ; fixed ; determined. S/iak. 

t PIGHT, V. t. [W. pigaw.] To pierce. JVkkliJJ'e. 

PTGH'TEL, A little inclosure. \J^ocal.] 

* PIG'ME-AN, a. [Sec Pygmean.] Very small ; like a pigmy. 

PIG'MENT, 71 . [L. pigmentiim.] Paint ; a preparation 
used by painters, dyers, <Scc. to impart colors to bodies. 

PIG'MY, 77. [It., Sp., Pt)rt. pignico ; L. pyginwus.] A dwarf ; 
a person ot very small stature. 

PIG'MY, a. Very small in size 3 mean 3 feeble 3 inconsider- 


able. 


PIG-NO-Rl'TTON, n. [L. pignero.] 


Tlie act of pledging or 


pawning. 

PIG'NO-llA-TIVE, a. Pledging 5 pawning. [L. a.] ViU. 

PIG'NUT, 71 . [pig and 7 ivt.] The ground-nut 3 also, a tree 
and its fruit of the genua jugl an s. 

PIGS'NEY, 71 . [Sax. piga^ a little girl.] A word of endear- 
ment to a girl. [Little used.] Hudihras. 

PIG'TAIL, n. 1 . A cue 3 the hair of the Jiead tied in the 
form of a pig’s tail. 2 . A small roll of tobacco. 

PIG-WID'GEON, 11 [pig and widgeon.] A fairy 3 a cant 
word for any thing very small. 

PIKE, n. [This word belongs to a numerous family of 
words expressing something pointed, or a sharp point, or, 
as verbs, to Sax. ptic; Fr. pique, piquer.] 1 . A military 
weapon consisting of a long wooden shaft or stafi', witli a 
flat steel head pointed 3 called the spear. 2 . A fork used 
in husbandry. Tusscr. — 3 . Among turners, the iron sprigs 
used to fasten any thing to be turned. — 4 . In ichthyology, 
a fish of the genus esox. 

PIK'EE, rt. Ending in a point 3 acuminated. Camden. 

PiKE'LET, ) «. A light cake 3 a kind of muflin. Seward^s 

PIKE'LIN, ) Letters. 


PlKE'MAN, n. A soldier armed with a pike. Knoll es. 
PIKE RT.xFF, n. The staff or shaft of a pike. Tatler. 


PIK'RO-LTTE, 71 . [qu. Gr. rxiKpo^ and Xtdoj.] A mineral. 
PI-LAS'TER, 7J. [it. pilastro ; Fr. pilastre.] A square col- 
umn, sometimes insulated 3 but usually pilasters are set 
within a wall, projecting only one quarter of their diam- 


eter. 

f PILCH, 71 . [It. pelliccia ; Fr. pelisse.] A furred gown or 
case 5 something lined with finr. Shah. 

PIL'CHARD, n. [Ir. pilseir.] A fisli resembling the her- 
ring, but thicker and rounder. 

PILCIPER, 77. [Sax. pylecc ; Fr. pdllce.] 1 . A fm red gown 
or case 3 any thing lined witli fur. Sha.k. 2. A fish like 
a herring, much caught in Cornwall. Milton. 

PILE, 71 . [Sp., It. pila ; Fr. pile.] 1. Aheap; amass or 
collection of things in a roundish or elevated form. 2 . A 
collection of combustibles for burning a dead body. 3 . A 
large building or mass of buildings ; an edifice. 4 . A 
heap of balls or shot laid in horizontal courses, rising into 
a pyramidicabform. 


PILE, 77. [D. paal ; Sw., Dan. pil.] 1 . A large stake or 
piece of timber, pointed and driven into the earth. 2. 
One side of a coin 3 originally, a punch or puncheon used 
in stamping figures on coins, and containing the figures 
to be impressed. — 3 . In heraldry, an ordinary in form of 
a point inv^erted or a stake sharpened. 

PILE, 71 . [D.pijl; Dan., Sw. 2>77 ; L. piluin.] The head of 
an arrow. 

PILE, 77. [L. pilus.] Properly, a hair 3 the fibre of wool, 
cotton and the like 3 the nap, the fine, hairy substance of 
the surface of cloth. 

PILE, V. t. 1 . To lay or throw into a heap 3 to collect many 
things into a mass. 2 . To bring into an aggregate 3 to 
accumulate. 3 . To fill with something heaped. 4. 'J’o 
fill above the brim or top. 5 . To break off the awns of 
threshed barley 3 [local.] 

PIL'E-ATE, / a. [L. julcus.] Having the form of a cap 

PIL'E-A-TED, j or cover for the head. 

t PlLE'MENT, 77. An accumulation. Hall. 

PiL'ER, 77. One who piles or forms a heap. 

Pile?, 71 . pin. The hemorrhoids, a disease. 

PiLE'VVoIlM, 7>. A worm found in piles in Holland. 

PILE'WGRT, 77. A plant of the genus ra 7 i 777 ?c 77 l 77 s. 

PIL FER, V. i. [W. yspeiliata ; ?p. pellizcar.] To steal in 
small quantities 3 to practice petty theft. 

PIL'FER, V. t. To steal or gain by petty theft 3 to filch. 

FILTERED, /7;7. Stolen in small parcels. 

PIL'FER-ER, n. One that pilfers. Young. 

PIE'FER-ING, ppr. Stealing 3 practicing petty thefts. 

PIL'FER-ING, 7c. Petty theft. Shak. 

PIL'FER-ING-LY, adr. \X"ith petty theft 3 filchingl}'. 

PIL'FER-Y, 77. Petty theft. L^Estrange. 

PIL'-GAR-LI€K, or PILLED'-GAR-LIGK, 7?. One who 
has lost his liair by disease 3 a poor, forsaken wretch. Stc- 
vens. 

PIL'GRIM, n, [G. pilgeri Fr. pe’m??.] 1 . A wanderer 3 a 

traveler ; one that travels t(7 a distance from his own coun- 
try to visit a holy place, or to pay his devotion to the re- 
mains of dead saints. — 2 . In Scripture, one that has only 
a temporary residence on earth. Heb. xi. 

t PIL'GRIM, r. 7. To wander or ramble. Grew. 

PIL'GRLM-AGE,7?. 1 . A long journey, particularly a journey 
to some place deemed sacred and venerable, in order to 
pay devotion to the relics of some deceased saint. — 2 . In 
cScW/7t7trc, the journey of human life. Gc?7.xlvii. 3 . Time 
irksomely spent. Shak. 

t PIL'GRIM-iZE, V. i. To wander about as a pilgrim. 

PILL, 77. [Ij. pila, pilula.] J. In pAa 7 -? 7 ?ac?/, a medicine in 
the form of a little ball, to be stvallowed whole. 2 . Any 
thing nauseous. Young. 

PIIcL, V. t. [Fr. piller.] To rob 3 to plumhjr; to pillage, 
that is, to peel, to strip. 

FILL, V. i. ]. To be peeled 3 to come off iii flakes. Dryden, 
2 . To rob 3 see Peee. 

riLL'AGE, 77. [Fr.] I. Plunder; spoil 3 that which i.s 
taken from another by open force, pa.rticularly and chieflii, 
from enemies i)i war. 2 . The act of plundering. — 3 . lu 
architecture, a square pillar behind a column to bear up 
the arches. 

PILL' AGE, V. t. To strip of money or goods by open vio- 
lence 3 to plunder ; to spoil. 

PILL'AGET 5 , Plundered by open force. 

PILL'A-GER, 71 . One that plunders by open violence. 

PILL'A-GING, ppr. Plutidering ; stripping. 

PIL'LAR, 77. [Fr. pilier ; ?p., Port, pilar.] 1 . A kind of 
irregular column, round and insulated, biit deviating from 
the proportions of a just column. 2 . A supporter 3 that 
which sustains or upholds 3 that on v.’hich some super- 
structure rests. 3 . A monument raised to commemorate 
any person or remarkable transaction. 4 . Something re- 
sembling a pillar. Gen. xix. 5 . Foundation ; support. 
Job ix. — 6. In 5/77j7*’, a square or round timber fixed per- 
pendicularly under the middle of the beains for supporting 
the decks. — 7 . In the manege, the centre of the volta, 
ring or manege-ground, around which a horse turns. 

PIL'IiARED, a. 1 . Supported by pillars. Milton. 2 . Having 
the form of a pillar. Thomson. 

t PILL'ER, 77. One that pills or plunders. Chaucer. 

t PTLTi'ER-Y, 77. Plunder ; pillage ; rapine. Huloet. 

ITLL'ION, (pil'yun) n. [Ir. pillin.] 1 . A cushion for a wo- 
man to ride on behind 51 person on horseback. 2 . A pad ; 
a pannel 3 a low saddle. 3 . The pad of a saddle that rests 
on the horse’s back. 

PIL'LO-RIED, a. Put in a pillory. 

PIL'LO-RY, 77. [Ir. pilori, pioloir ; Fr. pilori.] A frame of 
W'ood erected on posts, with movable boards and liqles, 
through which are put the head and hands of a criminal 
for punishment. 

PIL'LO-RY, r. t. To punish with the pillory. 

PIL'LOVV, 71. [Sax. pile, or pyle.] 1 . A long cushion to sup- 
port the head of a person when reposing on a bed ; a sack 
or case filled with feathers, down or other soft material. — 
2 . In a ship, the b»ock on which the inner end of a bow- 
sprit is supported. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK , DOVE BULL, UNITE.— C a.s K ; G a.s J ; ? as Z ; CH as SII 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


PIN 


C12 


PIG 


riL'L(}\V, V. L To rest or lay on for support. Milton. 

FIJL'Lo VV-BIeR, } n. Tlie case or sack of a pillow which 

P.rij'LoW-€ASE, \ contains the feathers. 

PlL'LoWED, pp. or a. Supported hy a pillow. 

PlL'LoW-ING, ppr. Resting or laying on a pillow. 

PI-L0SE» ^ rr •; i it • 

PI'LOUS 5 P^losiis.} Hairy. 

PI-LOS'1-T TC. Hairiness. Bacon. 

Pi'LOT, n. [Fr. pi/ote.] ]. One whose office or occupation 
is to steer ships, particularly along a coast, or into and out 
of a harbor, bay or river, where navigation is dangerous. 
_2. A guide ; a director of the course of another person. 

PPLOT, V. t. To direct the course of a ship in any place 
where navigation is dangerous. 

PPLOT- AGE, n. 1. The compensation made or allowed to 
one who directs the course of a ship. 2. The pilot’s skill j 
[o6s.] Baleigh. 

PPLOT-FISH, n. A fish, a species of gasterosteus. 

PI'LOT-ING, ppr. Steering j as a ship in dangerous naviga- 
tion. 

PPLOT-ING, n. The act of steering a ship. 

i PPLOT-ISM, ) 

f PPLOT-RY \ ^^^otage ; skill in piloting. 

PILOUS, a. [L.pilosus.] 1. Hairy ; abounding with hair. 
Robinson. 2. Consisting of hair. 

PIL'SER, n. The moth or fly that runs into a flame. 

PIM'E-LITE, n. [Gr. and A terrene sub- 

stance of an apple-green color. 

PPAIENT, 71. Wine with a mixture of spice or Iioney. 

Pl-MEN'TO, n. [Sp. pimienta.] Jamaica pepper, popularly 
called allspice. Encyc. 

PIMP, 71. A man who provides gratifications for the lust of 
others j a procurer ; a pander. .Addison. 

PIMP, V. i. To pander ; to procure lewd women for the 
gratification of others. 

PIM'PER-NEL, or PIMTI-NEL, ti. [L. pimpinella ; Fr. 
pimprcnelle.] The name of several plants. Lee. 

PIM'PIL-LO, 71. A plant of the genus cactus. 

PIM-PI-NEL'LA, n. A genus of plants. 

PIMP'ING, ppr. Pandering ; procuring lewd women for 
others. 

PIMPflNG, a. Little 5 petty. Skinner. 

PIM'PLE, 71. [Sax. p/npei.j A small pustule on the face or 
other part of the body, usually a red pustule. 

PIMTLED, a. Having red pustules on the skin j full of 
pimples. 

PIMP'LiKE, a. Like a pimp ; vile ; infamous ; mean. 

PIN, n. [W.piTi.] 1. A small pointed instrument made of 
brass wire and headed ; used chiefly by females for fast- 
ening their clothes. 2. A piece of w’ood or metal sharp- 
ened or pointed, used to fasten together boards, plank or 
other timber. 3. A thing of little value. 4. A linchpin. 
5. The central part. 6. A peg used in musical instru- 
ments in straining and relaxing the strings. 7. A note or 
strain ; [vulgar.] 8. A horny induration of the mem- 
branes of the eye. 9. A cylindrical roller made of wood. 
10. A noxious humor in a hawk’s foot. 11. The pin of a 
block is the axis of the sheave. 

PIN, V. t. [W. piniatc.] 1. To fasten with a pin or with 
pins of any kind. 2. To fasten ; to make fiist ; or to join 
and fasten together. 3. To inclose ; to confine ; [see Pen 
and Pound.] Hooker. 

PI-NAS'TER, 71. [L. Sec Pine.] The wild pine. 

PIN'CASE, n. A case for holding pins. 

PIN'CERS, ) 71. An instrument for drawing nails from 

PINCH'ERS?, j boards and the like, or for griping things 
to be held fast. 

PINCH, V. t. [Fr. pinccr.] 1. To press hard or squeeze be- 
tween the ends of the fingers, the teeth, claws, or with 
an instrument, &c. 2. To squeeze or compress between 
any two hard bodies. 3. To squeeze the flesh till it is 
pained or livid. 4. To gripe ; to straiten ; to oppress with 
want. 5. To pain by constriction ; to distress. 6. To 
press ; to straiten by difficulties. 7. To press hard ; to 
try thoroughly. 

PINCH, V. i. 1. To act with pressing force ; to bear hard j 
to be puzzling. 2. To spare ; to be straitened j to be covet- 
ous. 

PINCH, n. 1. A close compression with the ends of the fin- 
gers. 2. A gripe ; a pang. 3. Distress inflicted or suffer- 


ed ; pressure 


j oppression, 
want. 


4. Straits ; difficulty j time of 


distress from 

PINCH'BECK, 71. [said to be from the name of the inventor.] 
An alloy of copper ; a mixture of copper and zink, con- 
sisting of three or four parts of copper wuth one of zink. 

PINCH'ER, 71. He or that which pinches. 

PINCHTEN-NY, | ^ miser j a niggard. 

PIN'€TJSH-ION, (pin-kush'un) n. A small case stuffed with 
some soft material, in which females stick pins for safety 
and preservation. 

PIN-DAR'IC, a. After the style and manner of Pindar. 

PIN-D AR'IC, 71. An ode in imitation of the odes of Pindar j 
an irregular ode. Addison. 


PIN'DUST, 71. Small paiticles of metal made by pointing 
pins. JHgby. 

PINE, 71. [Fr. pin ; Sp., It. pino ; L. phms.] A tree of the 
genus pinus^ of many species. 

PINE, V. i. [Sax. pine /i.] 1. To languish ; to lose flesh or 

wear away under any distress or anxiety of mind ; to 
grow lean. 2. To languish with desire 3 to waste away 
with longing for something. 

PINE, V. t. 1. To wear out ; to make to languish. Dryden. 

2. To grieve for j to bemoan in silence. Milton. 
fPINE, 7i. [Sax. ; D.pyn.] VV'oj want; penury ; mis- 
ery. Spenser. See Pain. 

PINE'-BAR-REN.S, n. A term applied, in the Southern 
States, to tracts of level country covered with pine trees. 
Pick. Voc. 

PIN'E-AL, a. [Fr. pineale.] pineal gland is a part of 
the brain, about the bigness of a pea, situated in the third 
ventricle : so called from its shape. 

PINE'-AP-PLE, n. The ananas, so called from its resem- 
blance to the cone of the pine tree. Locke. 
t PINE'F[,7 j, a. Full of wo. Hall. 

PiN'ER-Y, n. A place where pine-apples are raised. 
PIN*-FEATH-ER, n. A small or short feather. 
PIN'-FEATH-ERED, a. Having the feathers only begin- 
ningjo shoot ; not fully fledged. Drvden. 

PIN'FoLD, n. [pin, or pen, and fold.] A place in w’hich 
beasts are confined. We now' call it 0 . pound. 
t PfN'GLE, 71. A small close. Ainsworth. 
jPIN'GUID, a. [L. ping-wi6f.] Fat; unctuous. 

PIN'HoLE, n. A small hole made by the puncture or per- 
foration of a pin ; a very small aperture. 

PIN'ING, ppr. Languishing ; w’asting away. 

PIN'ION, (pin^yun) 71. [Fr.piVTioH.] 1. The joint of afowi’s 
wing, remotest from the body. 2. A feather ; a quill. 3. 
A wing. 4. The tooth of a smaller wheel, answ'ering to 
that of a larger. 5. Fetters or bands for the arms. 
PIN'ION, (pin'yun) v.t. 1. To bind or confine the wings. 

2. To confine by binding the wings. 3. To cut off the 
first joint of the wing. 4. To bind or confine the arm or 
arms to the body. 5. To confine ; to shackle ; to chain. 
6. To bind ; to fasten to. 

PINTONEDjpp. 1. Confined by the wings; shackled. 2. 

c. Furnished with wings. Dryden. 
t PIN'ION-IST, n. A winged animal ; a fowi. Brown. 
PIN-I-RO'LO, 77. A bird resembling the sandpiper. 
PINHTE, 77. [from Pini, a mine in Saxony.] A mineral. 
PINK, 77. [W. pine.] i. An eye, or a small eye ; but now 
disused, except in composition. 2. A plant and flower. 

3. A color used by painters ; from the color of the flower. 

4. .Any thing supremely excellent. 5. [Fr. ; I). 

pink.] A ship with a very narrow stern. 6. A fish, the 
minnow'. 

PINK, v.t. 1. To work in eyelet-holes ; to pierce with 
small holes. 2. To stab ; to pierce. Addison. 
t PINK, v.i. [D. pinken.] To wink. L^Estrange. 
PINK'-EYED, a. Having small eyes. Holland. 
PINK'-NEE-DLE, 77. A shepherd’s bodkin. Sherwood. 
PINK'-STERNED, a. Having a very narrow stern, as a 
ship. Mar. Diet. 

PIN'-Ma-KER, 77. One whose occupation is to make pins. 
PIN'-M6N-EY, 77. A sum of money allow^ed or settlea on a 
wife for her private expenses. .Addison. 

PIN'NACE, 77. [Sp. pinaia ; Fr. pinasse.] A small vessel 
navigated w'ith oars and sails ; also, a boat usually row'ed 
with eight oars. 

PIN'NA-CLE, 77. [Fr. pinacle ; It. pinacolo.] 1. A turret, 
or a part of a building elevated above the main building. 
Milton. 2. A high spiring point ; summit. Cowley. 
PIN'NA-€LE, V. t. To build or furnish with pinnacles. 
PIN'NA-€LED, p7>. Furnished with pinnacles, 
t PIN'NAGE, 77. Poundage of cattle. Sec Pound. 
PIN'NATE, ) a. [L. pi«77flt775.] In botany, a pinnate leaf 
PIN'NA-TED, \ is a species of compound leaf wherein a 
simple petiole has several leaflets attached to each side 
of it. 

PIN'NA-TI-FID, a. [L. pinna and fndo.] In botany, feath- 
er-cleft. 

PIN'NA-TI-PED, a. [L. pinna and pc5.] Fin-footed ; hav- 
ing the toes bordered by membranes. Latham. 

PINNED, pp. Fastened with pins ; confined. 

PIN'xNER, 77. 1. One that pins or fastens ; also, a pounder of 
cattle, or the pound-keeper. 2. A pin-maker. 3. The 
lappet of a head which flies loose. 

PIN'NITE, 77. Fossil remains of the pinna. Jameson. 
PIN'NOCK, 77. A small bird, the tomtit. Ainsworth. 
PIN'NU-LATE, fl. Apinnulate leaf is one in which each 
pinna is subdivided. Martyn. 

PINT, 77. [D. pint ; Fr. pinte ; Sp. pinta.] Half a quart, or 
four gills. — In medicine, twelve ounces. 

PIN'TLE, 77. A little pin. — In artillery, a long iron bolt. 
PIN'ULES, 77. pin. In astronomy, the sights of an astrolabe. 
PPNY, a. Abounding with pine trees. May. 

PI-O-NEER^ 77. [Fr. pionnicr.] 1. In the art of roar, one 
W'hose business is to march with or before an army, to 


♦ See Synopsis. A, K, T, o, fJ, Y, ion^.^FAR, FALL, WHAT ;--PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


PIR 


613 


PIT 


repair the road or clear it of obstructions. 2. One that goes 
before to remove obstructions or prepare the way for an- 
other. 

PI'O-NING, jf. The work of pioneers. Spoiser. 

PI'O-NV', or Pe'O-NY, n. [Sax. pionie ; h.paonia.] A plant, 
bearing large, beautiful red flowers. 

PI'OUS, fl. [L. pms ,• Fr.pieux.] 1. Godly ; reverencing 
and honoring the Supreme Being in lieart and in the prac- 
tice of the duties he has enjoined ; religious ; devoted to 
the service of God. ii. Dictated by reverence to God ; 
proceeding from piety. 3. Having due respect and aflec- 
tion for parents or other relatives. Pope. 4. Practiced un- 
der the pretense of religion. 

PI'OUS-LY, adv. 1. In a pious manner ; with reverence and 
aflection for God ; religiously. 2. With due regard to 
natural or civil relations. 

PIP, n. [D. pip ,* Fr. pepic.] 1. A disease of fowls ; a horny 
pellicle that grows on the tip of their tongue. 2. A spot on 
cards. Addison. 

PIP, V. i. [Ij. pipio ; W. pipian ; Dan. piper. To cry or chirp, 
as a chicken ; commonly pronounced peep. Boyle. 

PIPE,7j. [i<?ix.pipe ; W. plb ; Fr. 1. A wind instrument 
of music, consisting of a long lube of wood or metal, 2. A 
long tube or hollow body. 3. A tube of clay with a bowl 
at one end ; used in smoking tobacco. 4. The organs of 
voice and respiration. 5. The key or sound of the voice. 
— 6. In England^ a roll in the exchequer, or the exchequer 
itself. 7. A Ccisk containing two hogsheads, or 120 gal- 
lons, used for wine ; or the quantity which it contains. — 
8. In mining., a pipe is where the ore runs forward end- 
wise in a hole, and does not sink downwards or in a 
vein. 

PIPE, V. i. 1. To play on a pipe, fife, flute or otlmr tubular 
\vind instrument of music. Vryden. Swift. 2. To have a 
shrill sound ; to whistle. Shak. 

PIPE, i\ t. To play on a wflnd instrument. 1 Cor. xiv. 

PH’ED, a. Formed with a tube j tubular. Encyc. 

PiPE'-FISII, n. A fish of the genus syngiuithus. 

PIP'ER, n. One who plays on a pipe or wind instrument. 

PIP'ER-IDGE, n. A shrub, the herberis^ or barberry. 

PIP'ER-IN, 11 . 1. A concretion of volcanic ashes. 2. A pe- 
culiar crystaline substance extracted from black pepper. 

PIPE'-TREE, 11 . The lilac. 

PTP'ING, ppr. 1. Playing on a pipe. 2. a. Weak ; feeble ; 
sickly ; [vulgar.'] 3. Very hot j boiling ; from the sound 
of boiling fluids ; [vulgar.] 

PI-PJS'TREL, n. A species of small bat. 

PIP'KIX, 11 . [dim. of pipe.] A small earthen boiler. 

PIP'PIN, n. iD. pippcling.] A kind of apple ; a tart apple. 

PiaU'AN-C^, (pik an-sy) n. {Sharpness j pungency j tart- 
ncss ; severity. Barrow. 

PIQ, U'AN']',(pik'ant) a. [Fr., frompiyucr.] 1. Pricking ; stim- 
ulating to the tongue. 2. Sharp; tart; pungent; severe. 

PIQU'AXT-LY, (pik'ant-ly) adv. With sharpness ; tartly. 

PiQ,lTE, (peek) v. [Fr.] 1. An oflense taken ; 

slight anger. 2. A strons passion. 3. Point ; nicety ; 
punctilio. 

I’IQ,UE, (peek) v. t. [Fr. piqitcr.] 1. To offend ; to nettle ; to 
irritate ; to sting ; to fret ; to excite a degree of anger. 2. 
To stimulate ; to excite to action ; to toucil with envy, jeal- 
ousy or otlier passion. 3. W’^ith the reciprocal pronoun^ to 
pride or value one’s self. 

PICiL'E, (peek) v. i. To cause irritation. Taller. 

PiClUED, (peekt) pp. Irritated ; nettled ; offended ; ex- 
cited. 

P[Q,U-EER'. See Pickeer. 

PIOtU-EEK'ER, /?. A plunderer; a freebooter. [Sc€ Picr- 

EERER.l Swift. 

PiaV'ET. See Picket. 

Pl-dUET', (pe-ket') n. [Fr.] A game at cards. 

PiQtT'IXG, (peek'ing) /W-. Irritating; offending; priding. 

PI'RA-fJY, n. {Fr. piratcrie ; li. piratic a.] 1. The act, prac- I 
tice or crime of robbing on the high seas ; the taking of 
jiroperty from others by open violence and without an- ; 
thority on the sea ; a crime that answers to robbery on | 
land. 2. The robbing of another by taking his writings, j 

PI'RATE, It. [It. pirato : L., &?p. pimta.] 1. A robber on ! 
the high sea's. 2. An armed sliip or vessel which sails ; 
without a legal commission, for the purpose of plundering 
other vessels indiscriminately on the high seas. 3. A 
bookseller that seizes the copies or writings of otlier men 
without permission. 

PI RA'J’E, V. i. To rob on the high seas. Arbuthnot. 

PI'RATE, V. t. To take by theft or without right or permis- 
sion, as books or writings. Pope. 

PI'RA-TED, pp. Taken by theft or witliout right. j 

PI'RA-TING, ppr. 1. Robbing on the high seas; taking 
without right, as a book or writing. 2. a. Undertaken for 
the sake of piracy. 

PI-RAT'I-€b\L, a. [L. piraticus.] 1. Robbing or plunder- 
ing by open violence on the high seas. 2. Consisting in 
piracy ; predatory ; robbing. 3. Practicing literary theft. 

PI-RAT'I-CAL-LY, adv. By piracy. Bryant. 

Pf-RoGUE', or PI-R/yGUA, (pi-roge', or pi-raw'gua) n. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BIJLL, UNITE. 


[Mfp, piragua.] 1. A canoe formed out of the trunk of a 
tree, or two canoes united. — In modern usage in Ameri- 
ca, a narrow ferry-boat carrying two masts and a lee- 
board. 

t PIR'RY, 71. A rough gale of wind ; a storm. Elyot. 

PIS'€A-R Y, n. [It. pesekerin.] In law, the right or privilege 
of fishing in another man’s W’atei-s, Blackstone. 

PIS-Ga'3'ION, 11 . [L. piscatio.] The act of fishing. 

PIS'GA-TO-RY, a. [L. piscatortas.] Relating to fishes or to 
fishing. Addison. 

PIS'CEjS, 72. plu. [L. piscis.] In astronomy, the Fishes, the 
twelfth sign or constellation in the zodiac. 

PIS'CINE, a. [L. piscis.] Pertaining to fish or fishes. 

PIS-CIV'O-ROUi?, a. [L. piscis and voro.] Feeding or sub- 
sisting on fishes. 

PISH, exclam. A word expressing contempt ; sometimes 
spoken and written pshaw. 

PISH, V. i. To express contempt. Pope. 

PIS'I-FORM, a. [L. pisum and forma.] Having the form of 
a pea. K'trican. 

PIS'MIRE, 11 , [Sw. myra ; Dan. myre D. micr,] The in- 
sect called the ant or emmet. Prior. Mortimer. 

PIS'O-LTTE, 72. [Gr. irayov and Peastone. 

PIS'O-PHALT, 72. Pea-mineral or mineral-pea. 

PISS, V. t. [D., G. pissen ; Dan. pisser ; Fr. pisser.] 'I’o dis- 
charge the liquor secreted by the kidneys and lodged in 
tiie urinary bladder. 

PISS, 72. Urine ; the liquor secreted in the bladder. 

PISS' A-BED, 11 . The vulgar name of a yellow flower. 

PIS'SA-SPHALT, 72. [Gr. rricaa and ao-^aXro? ; Sp. pisa- 

sfalto.] Earth-pitch ; pitch mixed with bitumen. 

PISS'BURNT, a. .Stained with urine. 

PIST, or PISTE, n. [Fr. piste-.] The track or foot-print of a 
horseman on the ground he goes over. 

PIS-Ta'CHIo, 11 . [Ft. pistachc It. pistacchio.] The nut of 
the pisiacia tcrebinlhus, or turpentine tree. 

PIS'TA-CITE, or PIS'TA-ZITE. See Epidote. 

PIS-TA-REEN', 72. A silver coin of the value of 17 or 18 
cents, or 9d. sterling. 

PiS'TIL, n. [Li. pistil him.] In botany, the pointal, an organ 
of female flowers adhering to the fruit for the reception of 
the pollen. 

PIS-THj-La'CEOUS, a. Growing on the germ or seed-bud 
of a flower. Barton. 

PIS'TIL-LATE, a. Having or consisting in a pistil. 

PIS-TIL-La'TION, 72. [hi pistiliam.] The act of pounding 
in a mortar. [Little used.] 

PIS-TIL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [pistil, and L./erc.] Having a 
pistil without stamens ; as a female flower. 

Pl.S'TOL, 71. [Fr. pistole, pistolet.] A small fire-arm. 

PIS TOL, V. t. [Fr. pistoler.] To shoot with a pistol. 

PIS-ToLE', 72 . [Fr.] A gold coin of Spain, but current in 
the neighboring countries. 

PIS'TO-LET, 72. [Fr.] A little pistol. 

PIS'TON, 72 . [Fr., Sp. piston.] A short cylinder of metal 
or other solid substance, used in pumps and other engines 
or machines for various purposes. 

PIT, n. [Sax. pit, or pyt ; Ir. pit.] 1. An artificial cavity made 
in the earth by digging ; a deep hole in the earth. 2. A 
deep place ; an abyss ; profundity. 3. The grave. Ps. 
xxviii. 4. The area for cock-fightin"> 5. The middle 
part of a theatre. 6. The hollow of the body at tlie 
stomach. 7. The cavity under the shoulder ; as, the arm- 
pit. 8. A dint made by impression on a soft substance, 
as by the finger, &lc. 9. A little hollow in the flesh, made 
by a pustule, as in the small -pox. 10. A hollow place in 
the earth excavated for catching \vild beasts. IJ. Great 
distress and misery, temporal, spiritual or eternal. Ps. xl. 
12. Hell; as, the bottomless piL Rev. xx. 

PIT, V. t. 1. To indent ; to press into hollows. 2. To mark 
with little hollows. 3. To set in competition, as in com- 
bat. Madison. 

PIT-A-HA'YA, 72. A shrub of California. Encyc. 

PIT'A-PAT, adv. In a flutter ; with palpitation or quick 
succession of beats ; as, his heart went pitapat. 

PIT'A-PAT, 72. A light quick step. Vryden. 

PITCH, 11 . [Sax. pic ,• D. pik ; G. pech.^l. A tliick tenacious 
substance, the juice of a species of pine or fir called abies 
picea, obtained by incision from the bark of the tree. 2. 
The resin of pine, or turpentine, inspissated ; used in 
calking ships and paying the sides and bottom. 

PITCH, 72 . [W. p/o-. j 1. LiferaH?/, a point ; hence, any point 
or degree of elevation. 2. Higliest rise. 3. Size ; stature. 
4. Degree ; rale. 5. The point where a declivity begins, 
or the declivity itself; descent ; slope. 6. The degree of 
descent or declivitv. 7. A descent ; a fall ; a thrusting 
down. 8. Degree of elevation of the key-note of a tune 
or of any note. 

PITCH, V. t. [formerly pight ; W. piciaw ; D. pikken ; G. 
pichen.] 1. To throw or thrust, and, primarily, to thrust a 
long or pointed object ; hence, to fix ; to plant ; to set. 2. 
To throw at a point. 3. To throw headlong. 4. To 
1 throw witJi a fork. 5. To regulate or set the key-note of 


G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TII as in this, f Obsolete^ 


PIT 


G14 


PLA 


a tune in music. 6. To set in array ; to marshal or ar- 
range in order ; used chiefly in the participle ; as n pitched 
battle. 7. [from pitch.] To smear or pay over with pitch. 
PITCH, V. i. 1. To light; to settle; to come to rest from 
flight. 2. To fall iieadlong. it. To plunge. 4. To fall ; 
to flx choice. 5. To fix a tent or temporary habitation ; 
to encamp. — G. In navigation, to rise and fall, as tlie head 
and stern of a ship passing over waves. 7. To flow or 

• fall precipitously, as a river. 

PITCHED, pp. Set ; planted ; fixed ; thrown headlong ; set 
in array ; smeared with pitch. 

PITCH'ER, 71. [Arm. picher.] I. An earthern vessel with a 
spout for pouring out liquors. 2. An instrument for 
piercing the ground. 

PITCH'-EAR-THING, n. A play in which copper coin is 
pitched into a hole ; called also chuck-farthing. 
PITCH'FORK, n. [W. pir/or^.] A fork or farming utensil 
used in throwing hay or sheaves of grain. 

PITCH^I-NESS, 72. Blackness; darkness. {^Little 
PITCH'ING, p77r. 1. Setting; planting or fixing; throwing 
headlong ; plunging ; daubing with pitch ; setting, as a 
tune. 2. a. Declivous; descending; sloping; as a hill. 
PITCH'ING, 71. In navigation, the rising and failing of the 
head and stern of a ship, as she moves over waves. 
PITCH'-ORE, 72. Pitch-blend, an ore ofw'anhnn. 
PlTCHTlPE, 72. An instrument used by choristers in reg- 
ulating the pitch or elevation of the key. 

PITCIP-STONE, 72. A mineral. Cleaveland. 

PITCH'Y, a. 1. Partaking of the qualities of pitch ; like 
pitch. 2. Smeared with pitch. 3. Black ; dark ; dismal. 
PlT'CoAL, 72. Fossil coal ; coal dug from the earth. 
*PIT'E-OUS, a. 1. Sorrowful ; mournful ; that may excite 
pity. 2. Wretched ; miserable ; deserving compassion. 
3. Compassionate ; aflected by pity. 4. Pitiful ; paltry ; 
poor. 

* P[T'E-OUS-LY, ado. 1. In a piteous manner ; with com- 
passion. Shall. 2. Sorrowfully ; mournfully. 

*PIT'E-OUS-NESS, 72. 1. Sorrowfulness. 2. Tenderness; 
compassion. 

PITTATiL, 72. A pit slightly covered for concealment, and 
intended to catch wild beasts or men. 

PIT'FALL, V. t. To lead into a pitfall. Milton. 

PIT'-FISH, 72. A small fish of the Indian seas. 

PITH, 72. [Sax. pitha.] 1. The soft, spungy substance in the 
centre of plants and trees. Bacon. — 2. In animals, the 
spinal marrow. 3. Strength or force. 4. Energy ; cogen- 
cy ; concentrated force ; closeness and vigor of thought 
and style. 5. Condensed substance or matter; quintes- i 
sence. G. Weight; moment; importance. j 

PITH'I-LY, adv. With strength ; with close or concentrat- ! 

ed force ; cogently ; with energy. j 

PITH'I-NESS, 72. Strength; concentrated force. ' 

PITIPLESS, a. 1. Destitute of pith ; wanting strength. 2. i 
Wanting cogency or concentrated force 
t PIT'HoLE, 72. A mark made by disease. Beaumont. 
PITH'Y, a. 1. Consisting of pith ; containing pith ; abound- 
ing with pith. 2. Containing concentrated force ; forci- j 
ble ; energetic. 3. Uttering energetic words or expres- j 
sions. 

PIT'I-A-BLE, a. [Fr. pitoyalle.] Deserving pity ; worthy j 
of compassion ; miserable. Jltterbury. j 

PIT'I-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of deserving compassion. i 

PITflED, J7/2. Compassionated. 1 

t PIT'IED-LY, U 2 Z 2 ;. In a situation to be pitied. Feltkam. 
PITT-FUL, a. 1. Full of pity ; tender ; compassionate. 1 Bet. 
iii. 2. Miserable ; moving compassion. Shak. 3. To be 
pitied for its littleness or meanness ; paltry ; contemptible ; 
despicable. Shak. 4. Very small ; insignificant. 
PITT-FUL-LY, adc. 1. With pity; compassionately. 2. 
In a manner to excite pity. 3. Contemptibly ; with 
meanness. 

PIT'I-FIIL-NESS, 72. 1. Tenderness of heart that disposes 
to pity ; mercy ; compassion. 2. Contemptibleness. 
PIT'l-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of pity ; hard-hearted. 2. Ex- 
citing no pity. 

PIT'I-LESS-LY, adv. Without mercy or compassion. 
PIT'I-LESS-NESS, n. Unmercifulness ; insensibility to the 
distresses of others. 

PIT'MAN, 72. The man that stands in a pit when sawing 
timber with another man who stands above. 

PIT'-SAW, 71. A large saw used in dividing timber. 
PIT'TANCE, n. [Fr. jntance.] 1. An allowance of meat in 
a monastery. 2. A very small portion allowed or assigned. 
3. A very small quantity. 

PI-Tu'I-TA-RY, a. [L. jdtuita.] That secretes phlegm or 
mucus. Parr. 

PIT'U-ITE, 72. [Fr., from L. pituita.] Mucus. 
PI-Tu'I-TOUS, a. [L. pituitosus.] Consisting of mucus, or 
resembling it in qualities. 

PIT W, 72. [Fr. pitic j It. pietd.] 1. The feeling or suffering 
of one person, excited by the distresses of another ; sym- 
pathy with tlie grief or misery of another ; compassion or 
fellow-suffering. 2. The ground or subject of pity ; cause 
of grief ; thing to be regretted. 


PIT'Y, V. t. [Fr. pitoycr.] To feel pain or grief for one in 
distress; to have sympathy for; to compassionate ;_ to 
have tender feelings for one, excited by his unhai)pi- 
ness. 

PITW, V. i. To be compassionate ; to exercise pity. 

PIV'OT, 72. [Fr.] A pin on which any thing turns. Dryden. 

PIX, 72. [L. pyxis.] 1. A little box or chest in wliich the con- 
secrated host is kept in Roman Catholic countries. 2. A 
box used for the trial of gold and silver coin. 

PIZ'ZLE, 72. [D. pees.] In certain quadrupeds, the part 
which is official to generation and the discharge of urine. 

PLA-€A-BIL'I-TY, or * PLa'CA-BLE-NESS, 72 . The qual- 
ity of being appeasable ; susceptibility of being pacified. 

* PLa'CA-BLE, a. [It. placahile ; Sp. placable^ F,. placa- 
bilis.] That may be appeased or pacified ; appeasable ; 
admitting its passions or irritations to be allayed ; willing 
to forgive. 

PLA-CARD', 72. [Fr. placard; Sp. placarte.] Properly, 
written or printed paper posted in a public place. It seems 
to have been formerly the name of an edict, procla- 
mation or manifesto issued by authority. It is now an 
advertisement, or a libel, or a paper intended to censure 
public or private characters or public measures, posted in 
a public place. 

PLA-CARD', v.t. To notify publicly; in colloquial lan- 
guage, to post. 

PLA-CART', 72. The same as placard. 

PLa'GATE, V. t. [L. place.] To appease or pacify ; to con- 
ciliate. B'orbes. 

PLACE, 72. [Fr. ; Sp. plaza.] 1. A particular portion of 
space of indefinite extent. 2. Any portion of space, as 
distinct from space in general. 3. Local existence. 4. 
Separate room or apartment. 5. Seat ; residence ; man- 
sion. 6. A portion or passage of writing or of a book. 7. 
Point or degree in order of proceeding. 8. Rank ; order of 
priority, dignity or importance. 0. Office ; employment ; 
official station. 10. Ground; room. 11. Station in life ; 
calling; occupation; condition. 12. A city ; a town ; a 
village. — 13. In military affairs, a fortified town or post ; 
a fortress; a fort; as, a strong place. 14. A country ; a 
kingdom. 15. Space in general. 16. Room ; stead; with 
the sense of substitution. 17. Room; kind reception. 

To take place. 1. To come ; to happen ; to come into actual 
existence or operation. 2. To take the precedence or 
priority. Locke . — To take the place, to occupy tlie place 
or station of another. — To have place. 1. To have a sta- 
tion, room or seat. 2. To have actual existence. — To 
give place. 1. To make room or way. 2. To give room ; 
to give advantage ; to yield to the influence of; to listen 
to. 3. To give way ; to yield to and sufter to piiss away. 
— High place, in Scripture, a mount on which sacrifices 
were offered. 

PLACE, v.t. [Fr. pZacer.] 1. To put or set in a particular 
part of space, or in a particular part of the earth, or in 
something on its surface ; to locate. 2. To appoint, set, 
induct or establish in an office. 3. To put or set in any 
particular rank, state or condition. 4. To set; to fix. 5. 
'J’o put ; to invest. 6. To put out at interest ; to lend. 

PLACED, pp. Set ; fixed ; located ; established. 

PLaCE'-:MAN, 72. One that has an office under a govern- 
ment. 

PLA-CEN'TA, 72 . [L.] 1. In anatomy, the substance that 
connects the fetus to tlie womb, a soft roundish mass or 
cake by which the circulation is carried on between the 
parent and the fetus. 2. The part of a plant or fruit to 
which the seeds are attached. 

PLA-CEN'TAL, a. Pertaining to the placenta. 

PLA-CEN-Ta'TIOX^, 72. In botany, the disposition of the 
cotyledons or lobes in the vegetation or germination of 
seeds. 

PLa'CER, 72 . One who places, locates or sets. 

PLAC'ID, a. [L. placidus.] 1. Gentle ; quiet ; undisturbed ; 
equable. 2. Serene ; mild ; unruffled ; indicating iieace 
of mind. 3. Calm ; tranquil ; serene ; not stormy. 4. 
Calm ; quiet ; unruffled. 

PLAC'ID-LY, adv. Mildly ; calmly ; quietly ; without dis- 
turbance or passion. 

PLACTD-NESS, ) n. 1. Calmness ; quiet ; tranquillity ; un- 

PLA-CIDH-TY, ^ ruffled state. 2. Mildness ; gentleness ; 
sweetness of disposition. 

fPLAC'lT, 72 . [L. placitum.] A decree or determination. 
Olanville. 

PLAC'I-TO-RY, a. Relating to the act or form of pleading 
in courts of law. Clayton's Reports. 

PLACK'ET, 72. [Fr. plaqucr.] A petticoat. 

=*PLa'GI-A-RISM, 72. [from pZa^ry.] The act of purloining 
another man’s literary works, or introducing passages 
from another man’s writings and putting them off as one’s 
own : literary theft. 

*PLA'GI-A-RIST, 72. One that purloins the writings of 
another and puts them off as his own. 

'^'PLA'GI-A-RY, 72. [Ij. plagium.] 1. A thief in literature; 
one that purloins another’s writings and offers them to the 
public as his own. 2. The crime of literary theft ; [oZ»s.] 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PRgY PIN, MARINE, BIRD j— f Obsolete. 




PLA 


G15 


PLxV 


'»'PLa Ol-A-RV, a. 1. Steiilingmen ; kidnapping; 

Practicing literary theft. Hall. 

PLAGUE, (plug) n. [Sp. plaga, or Uaga ; G., Dan. plage ; 
L. plaga.] J. Any thing troublesome or vexatious. 2. An 
acute, malignant and contagious disease. 3. A state of 
misery. 4. Any great natural evil or calamity. 

PLAGUE, (plag) t. [Sp. plagar ; Dan. plager.] 1. To in- 
fest with disease, calamity or natural evil of any kind. 
2. To vex ; to tease ; to harass ; to trouble ; to embarrass. 

PLAGUETUL, a. Abounding with plagues ; infected with 
plagues. 

PLAGU'I-LY, adv. Vexatiously ; in a manner to vex, 
harass or embarrass ; greatly ; horribl}'. [//t vulgar «se.] 
Sivift. 

PLAGU'Y, (plag/y) a. Vexatious; troublesome; torment- 
ing. [Hulgar.] 

PLAICE, or PLAISE, n. [Fr. pile ,* Sp. platija.] A fish. 

PLAICE'MOUTII, n. A wry mouth. £. Jonson. 

PLAID, or PLAD, n. [qu. W. plaid.^ A striped or variegat- 
ed cloth worn by the Highlanders m Scotland. 

PLAIN, a. [Fr. plain', It. piano; Sp. piano, llano; Port. 
piano; from L. plamis.'] 1. Smooth ; even; level; flat; 
without elevations and depressions ; notrough. 2. Open ; 
clear. 3. Void of ornament ; simple. 4. Artless ; sim- 
ple ; unlearned ; without disguise, cunning or aftectation ; 
without refinement. 5. Artless; simple; unafiected ; un- 
cmbellished. 6. Honestly undisguised ; open ; frank ; 
sincere ; unreserved. 7. Mere ; bare. 8. Evident to the 
understanding ; clear ; manifest ; not obscure. 9. Not 
much varied by modulations. 10. Not high-seasoned ; 
not rich ; not luxuriously dressed. 11. Not ornamented 
with figures. 12. Not dyed. 13. Not difficult ; not em- 
barrassing. 14. Easily seen or discovered ; not obscure 
or diflicult to be found. 

PLAIN, 1. Not obscurely ; in a manner to be easily 
understood. 2. Distinctly; articulately. 3. With sim- 
plicity ; artlessly ; bluntly. 

PLAIN, n. [Ir. cZH«hi; Fr. plaine.] 1. Level land ; usually, 
an open field with an even surface, or a surface little 
varied by inequalities. 2. Field of battle. 

PJiAIN, V. t. 1. To level ; to make plain or even on the 
surface. Hayward. 2. To lament [t»Z>s.] Spenser. 

fPlyAIN, r. ?. [Fr. plaindre.] To lament or wail. 

PLAIN-DkAL'ING, a. Dealing or communicating witli 
frankness and sincerity; honest; open ; speaking and 
acting w'kliout art. 

PLAIN-DkAL'ING, n. A speaking or communicating 
with openness and sincerity ; management without art, 
stratagem or disguise ; sincerity. 

PLAl N-HEART'El), a. Having a sincere heart ; communi- 
cating without art ; of a frank disposition. 

PLAIN-HEART'ED-NESS, n. Frankness of disposition ; 
sincerity. Hally well. 

t PLAIN ING, ;j. Complaint. Shah. 

PIiALVLA', ndc. 1. With a level surfiice ; [/. 2. With- 

out cunning or disguise. 3. Without ornament or arti- 
ficial embellishment. 4. Frankly; honestly; sincerely. 
5. In earnest; fairly, o. In a manner to be easily seen 
or comprehended. 7. Evidently ; clearly ; not obscurely. 

PLAIN'NESS, n. 1. Levelness ; evenness of surface. 2. 
Want of ornament ; want of artificial show. 3. Open- 
ness ; rough, blunt orunrefined frankness. 4. Artlessness ; 
simplicity; candor. 5. Clearness; openness; sincerity. 

PUAIN'-SONG, n. The plain, unvaried chant of churches. 

PLAIN'-SPoK-EN, a. Speaking with plain, unreserved 
sincerity. Dryden. 

PiiAINl',??. [Fr. plainte.] 1. Lamentation ; complaint ; au- 
dible expression of sorrow. 2. Complaint ; representa- 
tion made of injury or wrong done. — 3. In law, a private 
memorial tendered to a court, iji \vhich the person sets 
forth his cause of action. — 4. In law, a complaint ; a 
formal accusation exhibited by a private person against an 
offender for a breach of law or a public offense. Lazes of 
.A’. York and Conn. 

PLAINT-PUL, a. Complaining ; expressing sorrow with an 
audible voice. Sidney. 

PLAIN'TIFF, ^ [Fr. plaintlf.] In laic, the person who 

PliAlN'TIF, ) commences a suit before a tribunal, for 
the recovery of a claim ; opposed to defendant. 

ri.AIN'TIVE, </. [Ft. plaintif. ] 1, Lamenting ; complain- 
ing ; expressive of sorrow. 2. Complaining ; expressing 
sorrow or grief; repining, 

PLAIN'TIV E-LY. ado. In a manner expressive of grief. 

PLAIN'TIVE-NE81^, n. The quality or state of expressing 
grief. 

PLAINTTjESS, a. Without complaint ; unrepining. 

PLAIN'-WoRK, n. Plain needlework, as distinguished 
from embroidery. Pope. 

PLAIT, n. [VvL pleth.] 1. A fold ; a doubling ; as of cloth. 
2. A braid of hair ; a tress. 

PLAIT, zr. t. 1. To fold ; to double in narrow streaks. 2. To 
braid ; to interweave strands. 3. To entangle ; to involve. 

PLAIT'ED, pp. Folded; braided; interwoven. 

PLAIT'ER, n. One that plaits or braids. 


PLAITING, ppr. Folding; doubling; braiding. 

PLAN, n. [Fr., G., D., Dan., Sw., Russ. pZa/t.] 1. A draught 
or form ; propez-ly, the representation of any thing drawn 
on a plane, as a map or chart. 2. A scheme devised ; a 
project. 

PLAN, V. t. 1. To form a draught or representation of any 
intended work. 2. To scheme ; to devise ; to form in 
design. 

PLA'NA-R Y, a. Pertaining to a plane. Diet. 

PLANCH, r. t. [Fr. planche.] To plank; to cover with 
planks or boards. Gorges. 

PLANCHED, pp. Covered or made of planks or boards. 

PLANCH'ER,«. A floor. Bacon. 

PLANCH-ER, r. i. To make a floor of wood. Saner oft. 

PLANCH'ET, n. [Fr. planchette.] A flat piece of metal or 
coin. Encyc. 

PLANCH ING, n. The laying of floors in a building ; also, 
a floor of boards or planks. Careze. 

PLANE, 7J. [from L. pZa7W.s'. See Plain.] Iw geometry, 
an even or level surface, like plainm popular language. — 

2. In astronomy, an imaginary surface supposed to pass 
through any of the curves described on the celestial 
sphere. — 3. In joinery, an instrument used in smoothing 
boards. 

PLANE, L*. t. To make smooth ; to pare off the inequalities 
of the surface of a board or other piece of wood by the use 
of a plane. 2. To free from inequalities of surface. 

PLAxNED, pp. Made smooth with a plane ; leveled. 

PLANNER, n. One who smooths with a plane. Sherzcood. 

PLAN'ET, 72. [Fr. plauete ; L., f?p.. Port, plancta.] A ce- 
lestial body which revolves about the sun or other centre, 
or a body revolving about another planet as its centre. 

PLAN-E-TA'RI-UM, n. An astronomical machine which, 
by the movement of its parts, rei>resents the motions ancl 
orbits of the planets. 

PLAN'E-TA-RY, fi. [Fr. plane fair e.] 1. Pertaining to tho 

planets. 2. Consisting of planets. 3. Under the domin- 
ion or influence of a planet, [jlstrology.] 4. Produced 
by planets. Shale. 5. Having the nature of a planet ; er- 
ratic or revolving. 

PTi/VN'ET-ED, a. Belonging to planets. Young. 

t PLA-NET'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to planets. Brown. 

PLANE'TREE, n. [L. platanus ; Fr. jilane, jzlalane.] A 
tree of the genus platanus. 

PLAN'ET-STRUCK, a. Aflected by the influence of plan- 
ets ; blasted. Suckling. 

PLA-NI-Fo LI-OUS, a. [L.planzis tindfoliuzn.] Inbotaziy, 
a planifolious flower is one made up of plain leaves, set 
together in circular rows round the centre. 

PTiA-N [-I^IET'RIC, I a. Pertaining to the mensuration 

PLA-NI-]HET'RI-CAL, [ of plain surtaces. 

IT.A-NIM'E-TRY, n. [L. planus, and Gr. ycTpao.] The 
mensuration of plain surfaces. 

PliA-NT-PET'A-LOUS, a. [L. pZanii^, and Gr. rreraAo*^.] In 
botany, flat-leafed. 

PI.ANHSH, V. t. To make smooth or plain ; to polish ; used 
by manufacturers. Henrifs Chemistry, 

PliAN'ISHED, pp. Made smooth. 

PLAN'ISII-ING, /ip?-. Making smooth ; polishing. 

PLANfl-SPHERE, v. [L. planus, and sphere.] A sphere 
projected on a plane. 

PLANK, 72. [Fr. planche ; W, plane ; X). plank; G., Dan. 
planke,] A broad piece of sawed timber, diflering from 
a board only in being thicker. 

PLANK, V. t. To cover or lay with planks. 

PLANNED, pp. Devised ; schemed. 

PLAN'NER, n. One who plans or forms a plan ; a projec- 
tor. 

PLAN'NTNG, vpr. .Scheming; devising; making a plan. 

PLA'NO-CONfl-CAL, a. Plain or level on one side, and 
conical on the other. Greio. 

PLA'NO-CON'VEX, a. Plain or flat on one side, and convex 
on the other. JYcwton. 

PLA'NO-HOR-I-ZON'TAL, a. Having a level horizontal 
surface or position. Lee. 

PLa'NO-SUB'U-LATE, a. Smooth and awl-shaped. 

PLANT, 72. [Fr. plante ; It. pianZ<i ; L., Sp., Port., Sw. pZtz/?- 
ta ; D. plant.] 1. A vegetable ; an organic body, having 
the power of propagating itself by seeds. 2. A sapling. — 

3. In Scripture, a child ; a descendant ; the inhabitant of 
a country. Fs. cxliv. 4. The sole of the foot ; [little used.] 

PTi A.N'I’, r. t. L To put in the ground and cover, as seed 
for growth. 2. To set in the ground for growth, as a 
young tree or a vegetable with roots. 3. To engender; 
to set the germ of any thing that may increase. 4. To 
set ; to fix.^ 5. To settle ; to fix the first inhabitants ; to 
establish. G. To furnisli with plants ; to lay out and pre- 
pare with plants. 7. To set and direct or point. 8. To 
introduce and establish. 9. To unite to Christ and fix in 
a state of fellowship with him. Ps. xcii. 

PLANT, V. i. To perform the act of planting. Pope. 

PLANT'A-BLE, a. Capable of being planted. Edzeards. 

t PLANTLAGE, n. [L. plantago.] An herb. Shak. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, B 9 OK, DOVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; Til as in this, j Obsolete, 


PLA 


GIG 


PLA 


PLANT'AtX, 7?. [Fr.] A plant of the genus 
PLANT'AIN, \ n. [tip. plata7io.] A tree of the ge- 

PLAXl’/AIN-TllEE, \ mis rnusa. 
t PLAiXT'AL, a. Belonging to plants. Olanville. 
PLAN'I'-a'TION, ??. [l^. plantatio.'l 1. The act of planting 
or setting in the earth for growth. 2. The i)lace planted ; 
applied to ground planted with trees, as an orchard or the 
like. — 3. fn the United States and the West Indies, a culti- 
vated estate ; a farm. 4. An original settlement in a new 
country; a town or village planted. B. Trumbull. 5. A 
colony. Bacon. 6. A first planting j introduction ; estab- 
lishment. K. Charles. 

PLANT'-€ANE, n. In the West Indies, the original plants 
of the sugar cane. Edwards. 

PLANT'ED, pp. 1. Set in the earth for propagation; set; 
fixed ; introduced ; established. 2. Furnished with seeds 
or plants for growth. 3. Furnished with the first inhabi- 
tants ; settled. 4. Filled or furnished with what is new. 
PLANT'ER, n. 1. One that plants, sets, introduces or 
establishes. 2. One that settles in a new or uncultivated 
territory. 3. One who owns a plantation ; used in the 
West Indies and Southern States of America. 4. One that 
introduces and establishes. 

PLANT'ER-SHIP, n. The business of a planter. 
PLANT'I-CLE, n. A young plant or plant in embryo. 
PLANT ING, ppr. Setting in the earth for propagation ; set- 
ting ; settling ; introducing ; establishing. 

PLANTTNG, n. The act or operation of setting in the 
ground for propagation, as seeds, trees, shrubs, &c. 
PLANT'-LOIJSE, n. An insect that infests plants ; a vine- 
fretter ; the puceron. 

PLASH, [D. pZas.] 1. A small collection of standing 
water ; a puddle. 2. The branch of a tree partly cut or 
lopped and bound to other branches. 

PLASH, V. i. To dabble in water ; usually splash. 

PLASH, V. t. [Fr. plisser.] To interweave branches. In 
ATeio Euffland, to splice. 

PLASH'ING, ppr. Cutting and interweaving, as branches in 
a hedge. 

PLASH'LNG, n. The act or operation of cutting and lopping 
small trees, and interweaving them, as in hedges. 
PLASIPY, a. Watery ; abounding with puddles. Sandijs. 
PLASM, 71. [Gr. nXcorpa-] A mold or matrix in which any 
thing is cast or formed to a particular shape. [Little used.'l 
PLAS'MA, 71. A silicious mineral. Ure. 

PLAS-MATTG, \a. Giving shape; having the power 
PLAS-MATT-CAL, ^ of giving form. More. 

PLAS'TER, 71. [G.pjlasterj M.pleistrei Dan. plaster; Fr. 
platre.] 1. A composition of lime, water and sand, well 
mixed into a kind of paste and used for coating walls and 
partitions of houses. — 2. In pharmacy, an external appli- 
cation of a harder consistence than an ointment. — Plaster 
of Paris, a composition of several species of gypsum dug 
near Montmartre, near Paris, in France, used in building 
and in casting busts and statues. — In popular language, 
this name is applied improperly to plaster-stone, or to any 
species of gypsum. 

PLAS TER, V. t. 1. To overlay with plaster, as tlie parti- 
tions of a house, walls, &c. 2. To cover with a plaster, as 
a wound. — 3. In popular language, to smooth over ; to 
cover or conceal defects or irregularities. 

PLAS'TERED, pp. Overlaid with plaster. 

PLAS'TER-ER, 71. 1. One that overlays with plaster. 2. 

One that makes figures in plaster. Wotton. 
PLAS'TER-ING, ppr. Covering with or laying on plaster. 
PLAS'TER-ING, 7j. 1. The act or operation of overlaying 
with plaster. 2. The plaster-work of a building ; a cov- 
ering of plaster. 

PLAS'TER-STONE, n. Gypsum, which see. 

PLAS'TIC, ) a. [Gr. TrXaorixo?.] Having the power to 
PLAS'TI-CAL, ) give form or fashion to a mass of mat- 
ter* Pvxov* 

PLAS'TlC-l-TY, 77. The quality of giving form or shape to 
matter. Encyc. 

PLAS'TRON, n. A piece of leather stuffed, used by fencers 
to defend the body against pushes. Dryden. 

PLAT,r. t. To weave ; to form by texture. Hay. 

PL AT^ ) 

PLAT^TING \ platting or interweaving. 

PLAT, 77. [Dan., D. plat; Fr.plat; G. platt.] A small 
piece of ground, usually a portion of flat, even ground, 
t PLAT, a. Plain ; flat. Chaucer. 

jPLAT, afiZe. 1. Plainly; flatly; downright. 2. Smoothly; 
evenlL 

PLa'TANE, 77. [h. platanus.] The plane-tree. Milton. 
PLAT^BAND, n. 1. A border of flowers in a garden, along 
a wall or the side of a parterre. — 2. In architecture, a flat 
square molding. 3. The lintel of a door or window. 4. 
A list or fillet between the flutings of a column. 

PLATE, 77. [U. plant; (jt. platte ; Sw.platt; Dan., D. pZaZ.] 
1. A piece of metal, flat or extended in breadth. 2. Ar- 
mor of plate, composed of broad pieces. 3. A jiiece of 
wrought silver, as a dish or other shallow vessel ; hence, 


vessels of silver; wrought silver in general. 4. A small 
shallow vessel, made of silver or other metal, or of earth 
glazed and baked, from whicli provisions are eaten u 
table. 5. The prize given for the best horse in a race.— t’ 
In architecture, the piece of timber which supports th 
ends of the rafters. 

PLATE, V. t. 1. To cover or overlay with plate or with 
metal ; used particularly of silver. 2. To arm with plate 
or metal for defense. 3. To adorn with plate. 4. To beat 
into thin flat pieces or lamens. 

PLaT'ED, pp. Covered or adorned with plate ; armed with 
plate ; beaten into plates. 

PLAT'EN, 77. Among printers, the flat part of a press by 
which the impression is made. 

PLaTE'Y, a. Like a plate ; flat. Oreg 07 ~y. 

PLAT'FORM, 77. [plat and form.] 1. The sketcli of any 
thing horizontally delineated ; the ichnography. 2. A 
place laid out after any model. — 3. In the miUtary art, an 
elevation of earth or a floor of wood or stone, on winch 
cannons are mounted to fire on an enemy. — 4. In archi- 
tecture, a row of beams or a piece of timber which supports 
the timber-work of a roof, and lying on the top of the 
wall. 5. A kind of terrace or broad smooth open walk 
on the top of a building, as in the oriental houses. — 6. In 
ships, the orlop. 7. Any number of planks or other ma- 
terials forming a floor for any purpose. 8. A plan ; a 
scheme ; ground-work. Bacon. — 9. In JVew England, an 
ecclesiastical constitution, or a plan for the government 
of churches. 

* PLA-Tl'NA, ^ 77. [Sp. plaiina.] A metal discovered in 

’f' PLAT'I-NA, > the mines of Choco, in Peru, nearly 

PLA-TT'NUM, ) of the color of silver, but less bright, 

and the heaviest of the metals. 

PLAT'ING,ppr. Overlaying with plate or with a metal; 
beating into thin lamens. 

PLaT'ING, 77. The art or operation of covering any thing 
with plate or with a metal, particularly of overlaying a 
baser metal with a thin plate of silver. 

PLA-TI-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [platina and /ci-e.] Producing 
platina ; as platinif crons sand. 

PLA-TONTC, a. Pertaining to Plato the philosopher, or to 
his philosophy, his school or his opinions. — Platonic love 
is a pure spiritual affection subsisting between the sexes, 
unmixed with carnal desires, and regarding the mind only 

nnrl it^ pyppIIptapip^i 

PLA-TONT-€AL-Ly’, adv. After the manner of Plato. 

* PLa'TO-NISM, 77. The philosophy of Plato, consisting of 
three branches, theology, physics and mathematics. 

* PLa'TO-NIST, 1 77. One tliat adheres to the philosophy 

PLa'TO-NIZ-ER, \ of Plato ; a follower of Plato. 

PLa'TO-NiZE, V. i. To adopt the philosophy of Plato. 

PLa'TO-NiZE, V. t. To explain on the principles of the 

Platonic school, or to accommodate to those principles. 

PLa'TO-NiZED, pp. Accommodated to the philosophy of 
Pl[ato. Enjicld. 

PLa'TO-NiZ-ING, ppr. Adopting the principles of Plato; 
accommodating to the principles of the Platonic school. 

PLAT-OON', 77. [Fv. peZoZo77.] A small square body of sol- 
diers or musketeers, drawn out of a battalion of foot when 
they form a hollow square, to strengthen the angles ; ora 
small body acting together, but separate from the main 
body. 

PLAT'TER, 77. 1. a large shallow dish for holding the pro- 
visions of a table. 2. One that plats or forms by weaving ; 
see Plat. 

PLAT'TER-FaCED, a. Having a broad face. 

PL AT'TING, 7 >pr. Weaving; forming by texture. 

PLAT'Y-PUS, 77. A quadruped of New Holland. 

PLAUD'IT, 77. [h.plaudo.] Applause; praise bestowed. 

PLAU-SI-BILT-TY, n. l?peciousness ; superficial appear- 
ance of right. Swift. 

PLAUS'I-BLE, a. [L. plausihilis.] 1. That may be ap- 
piauded ; that may gain fiivor or approbation ; hence, 
superficially pleasing; apparently right; specious; popu- 
lar. 2. Using specious arguments or discourse. 

PLAUS'I-BLE-NESS, 77. Speciousness; show of right or 
propriety. Sanderson. 

PLAUS'I-BLY, adt’. With fair show; speciously; in a 
manner adapted to gain favor or approbation. 

PLAUS'IVE, a. 1. Applauding ; manifesting praise. 2. 
Plausible. 

PLAY, V. i. [Sax. plegan, plegian.] 1. To use any exercise 
for pleasure or recreation ; to do something not as a task 
or for profit, but for amusement. 2. To sport; to frolick ; 
to frisk. 3. To toy ; to act with levity. 4. To trifle; to 
act wantonly and thoughtlessly. 5. To do something 
fanciful ; to give a fanciful turn to. 6. To make sport, or 
practice sarcastic merriment. 7. To mock ; to practice 
illusion. 8. To contend in a game. 9. To practice a 
trick or deception. 10. To perform on an instrument of 
music. 11. To move, or to move with alternate dilatation 
and contraction. 12. To operate ; to act. 13. To move 
irregularly ; to wanton. 14. To act a part on the stage ; to 
personate a character. 15. To represent a standing char- 


* See Synopsis. 


A, K, T, o, V, Y, Z(777 n-.— FAR, FALIi, WH^P;— PRgY PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— t Obsolete. 


PLE 


617 


PLE 


acter. 16. To act in any particular chamcter. 17. To 
move in any manner ; to move one way and another. 

PLAY, V. t, 1. To put in action or motion. 2. To use an 
instrument of music. 3. To act a sportive part or charac- 
ter. 4. To act or perform by representing a character. 
5. To act 5 to perform. 6. To perform in contest for 
amusement or fora prize. — To play off, to display; to 
sliow ; to put in exercise.— ; To play on or vpon. 1. To de- 
ceive ; to mock or to trifle with. 2. To give a fanciful 
turn to. 

PLAY, 7i. 1. Any exercise or series of actions intended for 
pleasure, amusement or diversion, as cricket or quoit, 
or blindmaii’s-buft'. 2. Amusement; sport; frolick; 
gambols. 3. Game; gaming; practice of contending for 
victory, for amusement or for a prize. 4. Practice in any 
contest. 5. Action ; use ; employment ; office. G. Prac- 
tice ; action ; manner of acting in contest or negotiation. 
7. A dramatic composition ; a comedy or tragedy ; a 
composition in which characters are represented by dia- 
logue and action. 8. Representation or exhibition of a 
comedy or tragedy. 9. Performance on an instrument of 
music. 10. Motion; movement, regular or irregular. 11. 
State of agitation or discussion. 12. Room for motion. 
13. Liberty of acting ; room for enlargement or display ; 
scope. 

PLaY^BILL, n. A printed advertisement of a play, with 
the parts assigned to the actors. 

PL.xY'BOOK, n. A book of dramatic compositions. 

PLaY'-L)AY, or PLa Y'lNG-DAY, n A day given to play 
or diversion ; a day exempt from work. 

PLaY'DEBT, n. A debt contracted by gaming. Arhuthnot. 

PLAYED, pp. Acted ; performed ; put in motion. 

PLAY'ER, 71. 1. One who plays in any game or sport. 2. 
An idler. 3. An actor of dramatic scenes. 4. A mimic. 
5. One who performs on an instrument of music. C. A 
gamester. One that acts a part in a certain manner. 

PLa\ 'FEL-LoW, 71. A companion in amusements or 
sports. 

PLaY'FUL, a. 1. Sportive; given to levity. 2. Indulging 
a sportive fancy. 

t PLaY'FERE, 71 . [pZuy and /t’rc. See Fere.] A play-fellow. 

PLa Y'FTJL-LY, adc. In a sportive manner. 

PLa Y'FUL-NESS, ?i. Sportiveness. 

PLaY'GAME, 71 . Iffay of children. Locke. 

PLaY'IIOUSE, 71. A house appropriated to the exhibition of 
dramatic compositions ; a theatre. Pope, 

PLaY'MATE, 71 . A play-fellow ; a companion in diversions. 
jMore. 

f PLA Y'-PLEAS-URE, 71. Idle amusement. Bacon, 

PLAY'SOME, a. Playful ; wanton. Shelton. 

PLAY'SoME-NESS, 71. Playfulness ; wantonness. 

PLAY'THING, n. A toy ; any thing that serves to amuse. 

PLAY'WRIGIIT, 71. A maker of plays. Pope. 

PLeA, 71. [Norm plait, pi etj plaid, pie ; Fr. jdaidoyer.] 1. 
In laic, that which is alledged by a party in support of his 
demand ; but in a more limited and technical sense, the 
answer of the defendant to the plaintiff’s declaration and 
demand. 2. A cause in court ; a lawsuit, or a criminal 
process. Laws of Mass. 3. That which is alledged in de- 
fense or justification ; an excuse ; an apology. 4. Urgent 
pra^'er or entreaty. 

f PLeAOH, V. t. [Fr. ^Zissci-.] To bend ; to interweave. 

PLIlAD, V. i. [Fr. plaider.'] 1. In vl general sense, to argue 
in support of a claim, or in defense against the claim of 
another. — 2. In 1aio, to present an answer to the declara- 
tion of a plaintiff*. 3. To urge reasons for or against; to 
attempt to persuade one by argument or supplication. 4. 
To supplicate with earnestness. 5. To urge ; to press by 
operating on the passions. 

PLeAD, 71. t. 1. To discuss, defend and attempt to main- 
tain by arguments or. reasons offered to the tribunal or 
person who has the power of determining. 2. To alledge 
or adduce in proof, support or vindication. 3. To offer in 
excuse. 4. To alledge and offer in a legal plea or defense, 
or for repelling a demand in law. — 5. In Scripture, to 
p^ead the cause of the righteous, as God, is to vindicate 
tliem against enemies. 

PLeAD'A-BLE, a. That may be pleaded ; that may be 
alledged in proof, defense or vindication. Dryden. 

PLeAD'ED, 77 / 7 . Offered or urged in defense; alledged in 
proof or support. 

PLeAD’ER, 71. [Fr. plaideur.'] I. One who argues in a 
court of justice. Swift. 2. One that forms pleas or plead- 
ings. 3. One that offers reasons for or against; one that 
attempts to maintain by arguments. 

PLeAD'ING, ppr. Offering in defense; supporting by ar- 
guments or reasons ; supplicating. 

PLi<:;AD'ING, n. The art of supporting by arguments, or of 
reasoning to persuade. 

PLeAD'ING.*?, n. In law, the mutual altercations between 
the plaintiff and defendant, or written statements of the 
parties in support of their claims. 

f PLEAS'ANCE, (plez'anse) n. [Fr. plaisance.] Gayety ; 
pleasantry ; merriment. Spenser. 


PLE AS' ANT, (plez'ant) a. [Fr. plaisant,'\ 1. Pleasing, 
agreeable ; grateful to the mind or to the senses. 2. 
Cheerful ; enlivening. 3. Gay ; lively ; humorous ; sport- 
ive. 4. Trifling ; adapted rather to mirth tluin use. 5. 
Giving pleasure ; gratifying. 

PLEAS'ANT-LY, (plez'ant-ly) adr. 1. In such a manner 
as to please or gratify. 2. Gayly ; merrily ; in good hu- 
mor. 3. Lightly ; ludicrously. 

PLEAS'ANT-NE8y, (plez'ant-nes) n. 1. State of being 
pleasant or agreeable 2. Cheerfulness ; gayety; merri- 
ment. 

PLEAS'ANT-RY, (plez'ant-ry) 71. [Fr. plaisanterie.] 1. Gay- 
ety ; merriment. 2. Sprightly saying ; lively talk ; effu- 
sion of humor. 

PLeASE, c. f. [Fr. plaire,plaisant F,. placeo.'\ 1. To ex- 
cite agreeable sensations or emotions in ; to gratify. Pope. 
2. To satisfy ; to content. 3. To prefer ; toiiave satisfac- 
tion in ; to like ; to choose. 

PLeASE, V. i. 1. To like ; to choose ; to prefer. 2. To 
condescend ; to comply ; to be pleased ; a word of cere- 
niony. 

PLeA'sED,/?/?. Gratified; affected with agreeable sensations 
or emotions. 

t PLeAS'ED-IA^, adc. In a way to be delighted. Feltham. 

IMjEASE'MAN, n. An officious person who courts favor 
servilely ; a pickthank. Shak. 

PLeAS'ER, n. One that pleases or gratifies ; one that courts 
favor by humoring or flattering compliances or a show of 
obedience. 

PLeAS'ING, 77777*. Gratifying ; exciting agreeable sensations 
or emotions in. 

PLeASANG, </. I. Giving pleasure or satisfaction; agree- 
able to the senses or to the mind. 2. Gaining approbation. 

PLeAS'ING, V. The act of gratifying. 

PLeAS'ING-LY, ady. In such a manner as to give pleas- 
ure. 

PLeAS'ING-NESS, n. The quality of giving pleasure. 

PLEAS'UR-A-BLE, (plezh'ur-a-bl) a. Pleasing; giving' 
pleasure ; affording gratification. Bacon. 

PLEAS'UR-A-BLY,'ady. With pleasure ; with gratification 
of the senses or the mind. Harris. 

PLEAS'UR-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of giving pleas- 
ure. 

PLEAS URE, (plezh'ur) n. [Fr. 2 )laisir.'\ 1. The gratification 
of the senses or of the mind ; agreeable sensations or 
emotions ; the excitement, relish or happiness produced by 
enjoyment or the expectation of good; opposed to pain. 
2. Sensual or sexual gratification. 3. Approbation. 4. 
What the will dictates or prefers ; will ; choice ; purpose ; 
intention ; command. 5. A favor ; that which pleases. 
6. Arbitrary will or choice. 

PLEAS'URE, (plezh'ur) v. t. To give or aff*ord pleasure to; 
to please ; to gratify. Shak. 

PLEAS'URE-BoAT, n. A boat appropriated to sailing for 
amusement. 

PLEAS'URE-€AR-RIAGE, 71. A carriage for pleasure. 

PLEAS'URE-FIJL, a. Pleasant ; agreeable. [L. w.] Abbot. 

PLEAS'URL-GROUND, n. Ground laid out in an orna- 
mental manner and appropriated to amusement. 

PLEAS'UR-IST, 77. A person devoted to worldly pleasure 
[Little used.'] Brown, 

PLE-Be'IAN, (ple-be'yan) a. [It. pi cb do ; L.plebeius.] 1. 
Pertaining to the common people ; vulgar. 2. Consisting 
of common people. 

PLE-Be'IAN, 77 . One of the common people or lower ranks 
of men. [Usually applied to the common people of ancient 
Kornc.j Swift. 

t PLE-Be'IANCE, 77 . The common people. 

PLECK, 77 . A place. Craven dialect. 

PLEDGE, 77 . [Fr. 77?C7V/e Norm.pZco-ff.] 1. Something put 
in pawn ; that which is deposited with another as secu- 
rity ; a pawn. 2. Any thing given or considered as a 
secjirity for the performance of an act. 3. A surety ; a 
hostage. Dryden.— A. In law, a gage or security, real or 
personal, given for the repayment of money.— 5. In late, 
bail ; surety given for the prosecution of a suit, or for the 
appearance of a defendant, or for restoring goods taken in 
distress and replevied. 6. A warrant to secure a person 
from injury in drinking.— To put in pledge, to pawn.— To 
hold in pledge, to keep as security. 

PLEDGE, 77 . L [Fr. pleiger.] 1. To deposit in pawn. 2 
To give as a warrant cr security. 3. To secure by a 
pledge. Shak. 4. To invite to drink by accepting the cup 
or health after another. Johnson. 

PI.EDGED, pp. Deposited as security ; given in warrant. 

PLEDG-EE', 77 . The person to whom any thing is pledged 

PLEDG'ER, 77 . 1. One that pledges or pawns any thing ; 
one that warrants or secures. 2. One that accepts the in- 
vitation to drink after another, or that secures another by 

drinking. . , . ^ 

t PLEDG'ER-Y, 77. A pledging ; suretiship. Ennje- 

PLEDG'ET, 77 . In surgery, a compress, or small, flat tent of 
lint, laid over a wound to imbibe the matter discharged 
and keep it clean. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE ;— BIJLI., UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


PLI 


PLO 


r>i8 


PLEDC'ING, Depositing in pawn or as security j giv- 
ing warrant tor security or safety. 

* PLe'I ADS, (ple'yadz) n. [L. pleiades ,• Gr. aXcta^cf.] 
In astronomy^ a cluster of seven stars in the neck of the 
coiistellation Taurus. 

t PLe'NAL, a. Full. Beaumont. 

PLe'NA-KI-LY, Fully; completely. Ayliffe. 
PLe'NA-RI-NESS, n. Fullness ; completeness. 

PliEN'AR-TY, n. The state of a benefice when occupied. 

* PLe'NA-RY, a. [L. plenus ; Fr. plein ; It. plenario.'\ 
Full^ entire ; complete. Encyc. 

* f PLe'NA-RY, 71. Decisiv'e procedure. Ayliffe. 

PLEN-I-Lu'NA-RY, a. Relating to the full moon. 

I PLEXT-LUNE, 71. [Lt. plenilunium.] The full moon. B. 
Jonso7i . 

PLE-NIP'O-TEXCE, 77. [L. 77?c7iu5 and ^ote77t7a.] Fullness 
or completeness of power. Milton. 

PLE-XIP'O-TEXT, a. [L. plenipotens.] Possessing full 
power. Milton. 

PLEX-IP-O-TEX'TIA-RY, n. [Fr. plenipotentiaire.] A per- 
son invested with full power to transact any business ; 
usually, an embassador or envoy to a foreign court fur- 
nished with full power. 

PLEX-IP-O-TEX'TIA-RY, a. Containing full power. 

t PLEX'ISII, for replenish. 

PLe'XIST, n. [L. plenus.l One who maintains that all 
space is full of matter. Boyle. 

PLEX'I-TUDE, 77. [h. pknitudo.] 1. Fullness. 2. Reple- 
tion ; animal fullness ; plethora ; redundancy of blood and 
humors in the animtd body. Encyc. 11. Fullness ; com- 
plete competence. 4. Completeness. 

^ PLEX'TE-OUS, a. 1. Abundant ; copious ; plentiful ; suf- 
ficient for every purpose. 2. Yielding abundance. 3. 
Having an abundance. 4. Possessing in abundance and 
ready to bestow liberally. Ps. Ixxxvi. 

■* PLEX'TE-OUS-LY, adv. In abundance ; copiously ; plen- 
tifully. Milton. 

’^PLEX'TE-UUS-X’ESS, n. Abundance; copious supply; 
plenty. 

PLEX'TI-FUL, rt. ]. Copious; abundant; adequate to ev- 
ery purpose. 2. Yielding abundant crops ; aftbrding am- 
ple supply ; fruitful 

PLEX'TI-FIJL-LY, adv. Copiously ; abundantly ; with am- 
ple supply.’ Addison. 

PLEX'TI-FIJL-XESS, n. The state of being ijlentiful ; 
abundance. 2. The q\iality of afibrding full supply. 

PLEX^'TY, 77. [L. plenus.] 1. Abundance; copiousness; 
full or adequate supply. 2. Fruitfulness ; a poetic rise. 

PIiEX"'TY, a. Plentiful ; being in abundance. Goldsmith. 
Franklin. 

PLe'XUM, 77. [L.l Fullness of matter in space. 

PLe'O-XASM, 77. [L. pleonasmus.] Redundancy of words 
in speaking or writing ; the use of more words to express 
ideas, than are necessary. 

PLil'O-XASTE, 11 . [Gr. nXeovaaros.] A mineral. 

PLE-O-XAS'TIC, } a. Pertaining to pleonasm ; par- 

PLE-O-X' AS'TI-CAL, ij taking of pleonasm ; redundaiit. 

PLE-O-X’^AS'TI-CAL-LY, ado. With redundancy of words. 

PLE-ROPH'O-RY, n. [Gr. n\r]po(popia.] Full persuasion or 
confidence. [Little used.] Hall. 

t PLESH, for plash. Spenser. 

PLETH'O-RA, 77. [Gr. n^yOoipa.] In medicine, fullness of 
blood; excess of blood ; repletion. Parr. 

PLETH-O-RET'IC. The same as plethoric. 

PL£TH'0-RI€, a. Having a full habit of body, or the ves- 
sels overcharged with fluids. Arbuthnot. 

PLETH'O-RY. See Plethor.\, 

J’LETH'ROX’^, ) 77. [Gr. n\edpov.] A square measure used 

PLETH'RUM, i in Greece. 

PLEu'RA, 77. [Gr.] In anatomy, a thin membrane which 
covers the inside of the thorax. 

PLEu'RI-SY, 77. [Gr. aXcvpiri? ; Fr. pZeio’csic.] An inflam- 
mation of the pleura or membrane that covers the inside 
of the thorax. 

PliEU-RIT'IC, ) a. 1. Pertaining to pleurisj*. 2. Dis- 

PLETT-RIT'I-CAL, ^ eased with pleurisy. 

t PLEV'IX, n. [Old Fr.] A warrant of assurance. 

PLEX'l-FORM, a. [L. plexus and /u?*?/!.] In the form of 
net-work ; complicated. Quincy. 

PliEX'US, 77. [L.] Any union of vessels, nerves or fibres, 
in the form of net-work. Coxe. 

PLl-A-BILT-TY, n. The quality of bending or vielding to 
pressure or force without rupture; flexibility; pliableness. 

PLFA-BLE, 77. [Fr.] 1. Easy to be bent ; that ryadily 
yields to pressure without rupture ; flexible. 2. Flexible 
in disposition ; readily yielding to moral influence, argu- 
ments, persuasion or discipline. 

PLl^A.-BLE-XESS, n. Flexibility ; the quality of yielding 
to force or to moral influence ; pliability. 

PLi'AX’^-CY, 77. 1. Easiness to be bent ; in a physical sense. 
2. Readiness to yield to moral influence. 

PLi'AXT, a. [Fr.] 1. That maybe easily bent ; readily 
yielding to force or pressure without breaking ; flexible ; 


. A, E, T, O, V, Y, h)77^.— FAR, FALIi, 


flexile ; lithe ; limber. 2. That may be easily formed or 
molded to a dififerent shape. 3. Easily yielding to moral 
influence ; easy to be persuaded ; ductile. 

PLFAXT-XE'SS, 77. Flexibility. Bacon. 

PLi'CA, 77. [L.] The plica polonica is a disease of the hair 
peculiar to Poland and the neighboring countries. 

PLPGATE, I a. [E.plicatus.] Plaited ; folded like a fan 

PLI'€A-TED, i Lee. 

PLT-€a'TIOX, 77. [L. pUco.] A folding or fold. 

* PLIG'A-TURE, 77. [L. pUcatura.] A fold ; a doubling. 

PLi'ERS, 77. i>lu. [Fr. plier.] An instrument by which any 
small thing is seized and bent. Moxon. 

PERFORM, a. [Fr.] In the form of a fold. 

PLIGHT, (pllte) y. t. [Sax. plihtan.] 1. To pledge ; to give 
as security for the performance of some act. 2. To 
vveave ; to braid ; [o6s.] 

PLIGHT, (pllte) 77. 1. Literally, a state of being involved, 
[L. plicatus ;] hence, perplexity, or a distressed state. 2. 
Condition ; state ; and sometimes good case. 3. Pledge ; 
gage. 4. A fold, [L. plica f] a double ; a plait ; [o&s.] 5. 
A garment ; [u/i^f.] Chapman. 

PLTGHT'ED, (pli ted) pp. Pledged. 

PLlGHT^ER, {{di'ter) n. One that pledges ; that which 
plights. 

PLIGHT IX^G, ( pll ting) ppr. Pledging. 

t PLIM, V. i. To swell. Grose. 

PLTXTH, 77. [Gr. rrXivSoj.] In T7rc/t77cct77?*c, a flat, square 
member in form of a brick, which serves as the foundation 
of a column. 

PLOD, V. i. [qu. D. plots.] 1. To travel or work slowly, or 
with steady, laborious diligence. 2. To study heavily 
with steady diligence. 3. To toil ; to drudge. 

PIjOD'DER, 71. A dull, heavy, laborious {lerson. Shak. 

PLOD'DIX^G, ppr. 1. Traveling or laboring with slow 
movement and steady diligence ; studying closely but 
heavily. 2. 77 . Industrious ; diligent, but slow in contri- 
vance or execution. 

PLOD'DIXG, 77 . Slow movement or study with steadiness 
or persevering industry. Prideaux. 

PLOOK, 77 . A pimple. Grose. 

PLOT, 77 . [a difterent orthography of plat.] 1. A plat or 
small extent of ground. 2. A plantation laid out. 3. A 
plan or scheme.-^. In surveying, a plan or draught of a 
field, farm or manor surveyed and delineated on paper. 

PLOT, V. t. To make a plan of ; to delineate. Caretc. 

PLOT, 77 . L Any scheme, stratagem or plan, of a compli- 
cated nature, or consisting of many parts, adapted to the 
accomplishment of some purpose, usually a mischievous 
one. — 2. In dramatic icritings, the knot or intrigue ; the 
story of a play, comprising a complication of incidents 
whicli are at last unfolded by unexpected means. 3. 
Contrivance ; deep reach of thought ; ability to plot. 

PIjOT, 7*. 7 . ]. To form a scheme of mischief against an- 
other, or against a government or those who administer 
it. 2. To contrive a plan ; to scheme. 

PLOT, V. t. To plan ; to devise ; to contrive. Dryden. 

PLOT'TED, pp. Contrived ; planned. 

PLOT'TER, 77 , I. One that plots or contrives ; a contriver. 
Shak. 2. A conspirator. Dryden. 

PLOT'TIXG, ppr. Contriving; planning; forming an evil 
design. 

PLOUGH, ) 77. [X"orm., Sax. ploge ; D. ploeg : Dan. ploug, 

PLOW, ] plov ; Icfi. plog ; Scot, pleuch, pleugh.] ]. In 
agi'kulture, an instrument for turning up, breaking and 
preparing the ground for receiving the seed. — 2. Figura- 
tively, tillage ; culture of the earth ; agriculture. 3. 
joiner’s instrument for grooving. 

PLOUGH, V. t. 1. To trench and turn up with a plougli. 
2. To furrow ; to divide ; to run through in sailing. 3. 
To tear; to furrow. — 4. In Serdpture, to labor in any 
calling. 

PLOUGH'-AIiMS, 77. A penny formerly paid by every 
plough-land to the chiircli. Cow el. 

PLOUGH'-BoTE, n. In English Zarc, w’ood or timber al- 
lowed to a tenant for the repair of instruments of 1ms- 
bandry. 

PLOUGH -BOY, 77. A boy that drives or guides a team in 
ploughing ; a rustic boy. Watts. 

PLOUGHED, pp. Turned up with a plough ; furrowed. 

PLOUGH^ER, 77 . One that ploughs land ; a cultivator. 

PLOUGH'IX'G, pp7*. Turning up with a plough ; furrowing. 

PLOUGH'IXG, 77 . The operation of turning up ground with 
a plough. 

PLOUG H'-LAXD, n. Land that is ploughed, or suitable for 
tillage. 

PLOUGH^MAX", 77 . 1. One that ploughs or holds a plough. 
2. A cultivator of grain ; a husbandman. 3. A rustic ; a 
countryman ; a hardy laborer. 

PLOT. GIP-M6X"^-DAY, n. The Monday alter Twelfth-day. 

PLOUGH'SHARE, n. The part of a plough which cuts the 
ground at the bottom of the furrow, and raises the slice to 
the mold-board, which turns it over. 

PLoV'ER, 77 . [Fr. pluvier.] The common name of several 


rilAT PREY PIX, MARXXE, BiBD | Obsolete. 


* See Sijnopsls. 


PLY 


PLU 619 


species of birds that frequent the banks of rivers and the 
sea shore. 

PhiU€K, r. t. [Sax. plucdan; G. pflilcken ; D. plukken ; 
I)an. plukker j Fr. eplucher.'\ 1. To pull with sudden 
force or effort, or to pull off, out or from, with a twitch. 

2. To strip by plucking ; as, to pluck a fowl. 

rLU€K, n. The heart, liver and lights of an animal. 

PLFGKED, pp. Pulled off; stripped of feathers or hair. 

PLUCK'ER, n. One that plucks. Mortimer. 

PLUCK'ING, ppr. Pulling off; stripping. 

PLUG, n. [D. plug.'] A stopple ; any piece of pointed wood 
or other substance used to stop a hole, but larger than a 
peg or spile. 

PLUG, V. t. To stop with a plug ; to make tight by stopping 
a hole. 

PLUM, V. [Sax. plume.] 1. The fruit of a tree belonging to 
the genus prirntL?. 2. A grape dried in the sun ; a raisin. 

3. The sum of £100,000 sterling. 4. A kind of play. 

fPLUM, a. The old word for plump. Florio. 

PLu'MAGE, n. [Fr.] The feathers that cover a fowl. 

PLUMB, (plum) n. [Fr. plomb ; Sp. plomo.] A mass of lead 

attached to a line, and used to ascertain a perpendicular 
position of buildings and the like. 

PLUMB, a. Perpendicular, that is, standing according to a 
plumb line. 

PLUMB, rtiZc. 1. In a perpendicular direction; in a line 
perpendicular to the plane of tho horizon. 2. Directly ; 
suddenly ; at once. 

PLUMB, f. 1. To adjust by a plumb-line; to set in a 
perpendicular direction. 2. [W. pUjmiaw.] To sound 
with a plummet, as the depth of water ; [Utile used.] Swift. 

PLUM-BAG'I-J\^OUrf, ft. Resembling plumbago ; consisting 
of plumbago, or partaking of its properties. 

PLUM-Ba'GO, 71. [L.] A mineral consisting of carbon and 
iron ; used for pencils, &c. 

PLUM'BE-AN, I a. 1. Consisting of lead ; resembling lead. 

PLUM'BE-OUJ3, \ 2. Dull ; heavy ; stupid. 

PLUMBED, (plumd) pp. Adjusted by a plumb-line. 

PLUMB'ER, (plum'mer) n. One wdio works in lead. 

PLUMB'ER-Y, (plumhner-y) 71. 1. Works in lead ; manu- 
factures of lead ; the place where lead is wrought. 2. 
The art of casting and working lead, or of making sheets 
and pipes of lead. 

PLUM-BIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. plumbum and fero.] Producing 
lead. Kir wan. 

PLUMB'-LlNE, (pIumMlne) n. A line perpendicular to 
the plane of the horizon. 

PI.UI\I'-GAKE, 7i. Cake containing raisins or currants. 

PLUME, 7J. [Fr. plume.] 1. The feather of a fowl, particu- 
larly, a large feather. 2. A feather worn as an ornament, 
particularly, an ostrich’s feather. 3. Pride ; towering 
mien. 4. Token of honor ; prize of contest. 

PLUJME, or PLu'MULE, n. In botany, the ascending scaly 
part of the corculum or heart of a seed. 

PLUME, V. t. ]. To pick and adjust plumes or feathers. 
2. To strip of feathers ; as, carnivorous animals will not 
take pains to plume the birds they devour. 3. To strip ; 
to peel. 4. To set as a plume ; to set erect. 5. To adorn 
with feathers or plumes. 6. To pride ; to value ; to 
boast. 

PLUME-AL'UM, n. A kind of asbestus. Wilkins. 

PLuME'LESS, a. Without feathers or plumes. 

PLU-MIG'ER-OUS, a. [L. plama and gero.] Feathered ; 
having feathers. 

PLu'MI-PED, a. Having feet covered with featliers. 

PLu'MI-PED, 11 . [L. plama and pes.] A fowl that has 
feathers on its feet. Diet. 

PLUM'MET, 71. [S>p. plomada.] 1. A long piece of lead at- 
tached to a line, used in sounding the depth of water. 2. 
An instrument used by carpentei-s, masons, &c. in adjust- 
ing erections to a perpendicular line, and, with a square, 
to determine a horizontal line. 3. Any weight. 4. A 
piece of lead used by school-boys to rule tlieir paper for 
writing. 

PLUM'MING, 71. Among miners, the operation of finding 
the place where to sink an air-shaft. 

PIjU'MOSE, or PLU'MOUS, a. [L. plumosus.] 1. Feathery ; 
resembling feathers. — 2. In botany, a plumose bristle is one 
that has hairs growing on the sides of the main bristle. 

PLU-MOS'I-TY, 71. The state of having feathers. 

PLUMP, a. [Dan. plomp ; Sw. plump ; D. plomp ; G. plump.] 
1. Full ; swelled with fat or flesh to the full size ; fat ; 
having a full skin ; round. 2. Full ; blunt ; unreserved ; 
unqualified. 

PLUMP, n. A knot; a cluster; a clump; a number of 
things closely united or standing together. 

PLUMP, V. t. To swell ; to extend to fullness ; to dilate ; 
to fatten. [Colloquial.] 

PLUMP, V. i. [G. plumpen.] 1. To plunge or fall like a 
heavy mass or lump of dead matter ; to fall suddenly or 
at once. 2. To enlarge to fullness ; to be swelled. 

PLUMP, adv. Suddenly ; heavily ; at once, or with a sud- 
den, heavy fall. D. Jonson. 

PLUMP'ER, n. 1. Something carried in the mouth to dilate 


the cheeks ; any thing intended to swell out something 
else. 2. A full, unqualified lie ; [m vulgar ma'c.] 

PLUMP'LY, adu. Fully; roundly; without reserve. 

PLUMP NESS, 71. Fullness of skin ; distention to round ness. 

PLUM-POR'RIDgE, 7j. Porridge with plums. Addison. 

PLUM-PUD'DING, n. Pudding containing raisins or cur- 
rants. 

PLUMPW, a. Plump; fat ; jolly. [J^ot elegant.] Shale. 

PLUM'-TREE, n. A tree that produces plums. 

PLu'MULE, 71. [L. plumula.] The ascending scaly part of 
the embryo plant, which becomes the stem. 

PLuM'Y, a. [from plume.] 1. Feathered ; covered with 
feathers. Milton. 2. Adorned with plumes. 

PLUN'DER, v.t. [G. plundern.] ]. To pillage ; to spoil ; 
to strip ; to tak^^ the goods of an enemy by open force. 2. 
To take by pillage or open force. 3. To rob, as a thief; 
to take from ; to strip. 

PLUN'DER, n. 1. That which is taken from an enemy by 
force ; pillage ; prey ; spoil. 2. That which is taken by 
theft, robbery or fraud. 

PLUN'DERED, pp. Pillaged ; robbed. 

PLUN'DER-EK, 77. 1. A hostile pillager ; a spoiler. 2. A 
thief ; a robber. Addison. 

PLUN'DER-ING, ppr. Pillaging; robbing. 

PLUNGE, V. t. [Fr. plonger.] J. To thrust into water or 
other fluid substance, or into any substance that is pene- 
trable ; to immerse in a fluid ; to drive into flesh, &c. 2. 
To thrust or drive into any state in which the thing is 
considered as enveloped or surrounded. 3. To baptize by 
immersion. 

PLUNGE, V. i. ]. To pitch ; to thrust or drive one’s self into 
water or a fluid ; to dive or to rush in. 2. To fall or rush 
into distress or any state or circumstances in which tho 
person or thing is enveloped, inclosed or overwhelmed. 
3. To pitch or throw one’s self headlong. 

PLUNGE, 77. 1. The act of thrusting into water or any 
penetrable substance. 2. Difficulty ; strait ; distress ; a 
state of being surrounded or overwhelmed with difficul- 
ties. 

PLUNGED, pp. Thrust into a fluid or other penetrable sub- 
stance ; immersed; involved in straits. 

PLUN'GEON, 77. A sea fowl. Ainsworth. 

PLUNG'ER, 77. 1. One that plunges ; a diver. 2. A cylin- 
der used as a forcer in pumps. 

PliUNG^ING, ppr. Immersing ; diving ; rushing headlong. 

I PLUNG'Y, a. Wet. Chaucer. 

PLUNK'ET, 77. A kind of blue color. Ainsworth. 

PLfj'RAL, a. [h. pluralis.] 1. Containing more than one; 
consisting of two or more, or designating two or more. — 
2. In grammar, the plural number is that which designates 
nmre'than one. 

PLu'RAL-IST, 77. A clerk or clergyman who holds more 
ecclesiastical benefices than one, with cure of souls. 

PLU-RAL'I-TY, 77. [Fr. pluralite.] 1. A number consisting 
of two or more of the same kind. 2. A state of being or 
having a greater number. — 3. In elections, a plurality of 
votes is when one candidate has more votes than any 
other. — 4. Plurality of benefices is where the same clerk 
is possessed of more benefices than one, with cure of 
souls. 

PLu'RAL-LY, adv. In a sense implying more than one. 

PLC-RI-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. plus and litera.] Containing 
more letters than three. 

PLu-RI-LlT'ER-AL, n. A word consisting of more letters 
than three. 

tPLu'RI-SY, 77. ['L. plus, pluris.] Superabundance. 

PLUS, [L. more.] In alaebra, a character marked thus,-[-, 
used as the sign of addition. 

PLUSH, 77. [G. pliisch.] Shag; a species of shaggy cloth or 
stuff with a velvet nap. 

PLUSIPER, 77. A marine fish. Carew. 

PLU-To'NI-AN, a. Plutonic, which see. 

PLU-To'NI-AN, 77. One who maintains the origin of moun- 
tains, &c. to be from fire. Journ. of Science. 

PLU-TON'ie, a. [from Pluto] Pertaining to or designating 
the system of the Plutonists. Kincan. 

PLu'TO-NIST, 77. One who adopts the theory of the forma- 
tion of the world in its present slate from igneous fusion. 

PLCWl'oUS I [L* Rainy; humid. Brown. 

PLu'VI-AL, 77. [Fr. jiluvial.] A priest’s cope. Ainsworth. 

PLu-VI-AM'E-TER, n. [L. pluvia mid Gr. perpov.] A rain- 
gage, an instrument for ascertaining the quantity of wa- 
ter that falls in rain, or in rain and snow. 

PLU-VI-A-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to a pluviameter ; 
made or ascertained by a pluviameter. 

PLY, V. t. [Fr. plier.] 1. To lay on, to put to or on with 
force and repetition. 2. To employ with diligence ; to ap- 
ply closely and steadily; to keep busy. 3. To practice 
or perform with diligence. 4. To urge ; to solicit with 
pressing or persevering importunity. 5. lo urge; to 
press ; to strain ; to force. « 

PLY, V. 7 . 1. To bend ; to yield. 2. To work steadily. 3. 
To go in haste. 4. To busy one’s self ; to be steadily 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


POX 


POE 620 


employed. 5, To endeavor to make way against the | 
wind. 1 

PL'5^, n. I. A fold ; a plait. 2. Bent j tarn ; direction j bias, j 
FL^'Ell, n. He or that which plies. In fortification plyers j 
denotes a kind of balance used in raising and letting j 
down a drawbridge. > 

PL?'1NG, ppr. Laying on with steadiness or repetition ; 

applying closely ; employing ; performing. 

PLA'ING, w. ]. Urgent solicitation. Hammond, 2. Effort to 
make way against the wind. 

PNEU-MAT'IO, (nu-mat'ik) ) a. [Gr. r:v£vfxaTiKOS,] 

PNEU-MATT-GAL, (nu-mat'e-kal) j 1. Consisting of air, 
as a tliin compressible substance. 2. Pertaining to air, or 
to the philosophy of its properties. 3. Moved or played 
by means of air. 

PNEU-MAT'ICS, n. 1. In natural philosophy^ that branch 
which treats of air. — In chemistry^ that branch which 
treats of the gases. — 2. In the schools, the doctrine of 
spiritual substances, as God, angels, and the souls of men. 
Diet. 

PNEU-MAT^O-CiiLE, n. [Gr. nvevpa and Kr/rr)/.] In surge- 
ry, a distension of the scrotum by air. 
PN'EU-MA-T0-L0GT-€AL, a. Pertaining to pneuma- 
tology. 

PNEU-MA-TOL'O-GIST, n. One versed la pneumatology. 
PNELF-MA-TOL'O-GY, 71. [Gr. nvevpa and noyog.] 1. The 
doctrine of the properties of elastic fluids, or of spiritual 
substances. 2. A treatise on elastic fluids, or on spiritual 
substances. 

PNEU-MO''NI-A, } n. [Gr. nvEvpu)v, from tu'Cw.] In medi- 
PNEu'MO-NY, ^ cine, an inflammation of the lungs. 
PNEU-MON'IC, a. Pertaining to the lungs ; pulmonic. 
PNEU-MON'IG, n. A medicine for affections of the lungs. 
Coze. 

PoACII, r. f. \Yr.pocher.] 1. To boil slightly. 2. To dress 
by boiling slightly and mixing in a soft mass. 3. To be- 
gin and not complete. 4. To tread soft ground, or snow 
and water, as cattle, whose feet penetrate the soil or soft 
substance and leave deep tracks. J\Tew England. 5. To 
steal game ; properly, to pocket game, or steal it and con- 
vey it away in a bag. England. 6. To steal ; to plunder 
by stealth. 

P6ACH, V. t, [Corn, poklda.] To stab j to pierce ; to spear. 
England. 

PoACH, V. i. To be trodden with deep tracks, as soft 
jround. Mortimer. 

PoACIPARD, \ 11. A fresh-water duck of an excellent 
PoCH'ARI), \ taste. 

Poached, pp. Slightly boiled or softened 5 trodden with 
deep footsteps ; stolen. 

PoACH'ER, n. One that steals game. More. 
PoACH'I-NESS, n. Wetness and softness ; the state of be- 
jng easily penetrable by the feet of beasts. 

PoACH'Y, a. Wet and soft j such as the feet of cattle will 
penetrate to some depth. 

POCK, 71. [Sax. poc, or pocc ,* D. pok ; G. pocke.] A pustule 
raised on the surface of the body in the variolous and 
vaccine diseases, named, from the pustules, srnall-pox. 
f POCK'ARRED, «. Marked with the small-pox. Grose. 
POGK'FRET-TEN, a. [^pock and fret, to corrode.] Pitted 
with the small-pox. 

POCK-MARK, 11 . Mark or scar made by the small-pox. 
POGK'ET, 7?. [Fr. pochette.] 1. A small bag inserted in a 
garment for carrying small articles. 2. A small bag or 
net to receive the balls in billiards. 3. A certain quantity. 
POGK'ET, V. t. 1. To put or conceal in the pocket. 2. To 
take clandestinely. — To pocket an insult or affront, to re- 
ceive it without seeking redress ; [in popular use.] 
POGK'ET-BOOK, n. A small book of paper covered with 
leather ; used for carrying papers in the pocket. 
POGK'ET-GLaSS, n. A portable looking-glass. 
POGK'ET-HoLE, n. The opening into a pocket. 
POGTCET-LID, n. The flap over the pocket-hole. 
POGK'ET-M6N-EY, n. Money for the pocket or for occa- 
sional expenses. 

POGK'-HoLE, 71. The pit or scar made by a pock. 
POGKT-NESS, n. The state of being pocky. 

POGK'WOOD, 7?. Lignumvita), a very hard wood. 

POGK'Y, a’. 1. Infected with the small-pox ; full of pocks. 

2. Vile 5 rascally j mischievous j contemptible ; [i/i vulgar 
use.] 

t POG'U-LENT, fl. [h. poculentus.] Fit for drink. 

POD, 11 . The pericarp, capsule or seed-vessel of certain 
plants. 

POD, V. i. To swell ; to fill ; also, to produce pods. 
PO-DAG'RIG, ) a. [L. podagra ; Gr. no^aypa.] 1. Per- 
PO-D AG'Rl-GAL, j taining to the gout ; gouty ; partaking 
of the gout. 2. Afflicted with the gout. Brown. 

POD'DED, a. Having its pods formed ; furnished with pods. 
POD'DER, n. A gatherer of pods. 

PODGE, 71. A puddle ; a plash. Skinner. 

PeVEM, n. [E.poema.] 1. A metrical composition ; a com- 
position in which the verses consist of certain measures. 


whether in blank verse or in rhyme. 2. This term is also 
applied to some compositions in which the language is 
that of excited imagination. 

Po'E-SY, n. [Fr. poesic ; L. poesis.] 1. The art or skill 
of composing poems. 2. Poetry ; metrical composition 
3. A siiort conceit engraved on a ring or other thing. 

PO'ET, 11 . [Fr. poete ; L., Sp., It. poet a ; Gr. noiyryg.] 1. 
The author of a poem ; the inventor or maker of a metri- 
cal composition. 2. One skilled in making poetry, or 
who has a particular genius for metrical composition ; one 
distinguished for poetic talents. 

Po'ET-AS-TER, n. A petty poet ; a pitiful rhymer or writer 
of verses. Roscommon. 

Po'ET-ESS, n. A female poet. Hall, 

PO-ET^IG, I a. [Gr. noiyriKog ; L. poeticus ; Fr. poet- 

PO-ETM-GAL, ) tr/«p.] 1. Pertaining to poetry ; suitable 

to poetry. 2. Expressed in poetry or measure. 3. Pos- 
sessing the peculiar beauties of poetry; sublime. 

PO-ETH-GA1j-L Y, adv. AVith the qualities of poetry ; by 
the art of poetry ; by fiction. Dryden. 

PO-ET'IGS, n The doctrine of poetry. JVarton. 

PC)*ET-IZE, 7;. i. [Fr. poetiser.] To write as a poet ; to 
compose verse. Donne. 

Po'ET-LAU'RE-AT, 71 . A poet employed to compose po- 
ems for the birth-days of a prince or other special occa- 
sion. 

Po'ET-MU-ST"CIAN, n. An appellation given to the bard 
and lyrist of former ages, as uniting tlie professions of po- 
etry and music. 

PO'ET-RESS, n. A female poet. 

PO'ET-RY, n. [Gr. -noLyTpia.] 1. Metrical composition ; 
verse. 2. The art or practice of composing in verse. 
3. Poems ; poetical composition. 4. This term is also 
applied to the language of excited imagination and feel- 
ing. 

*POIGN/AN-CY, (poin'an-se) n. 1. Sharpness ; the power 
of stimulating the organs of taste. 2. Point ; sharpness ; 
keenness ; the power of irritation ; asperity. 3. Severi- 
ty; acuteness. 

* POIGN'ANT, (poin'ant) a. [Fr. poignant.] 1. Sharp ; stim- 
ulating the organs of taste. 2. Pointed ; keen ; bitter ; 
irritating ; satirical. 3. Severe ; piercing ; very painful 
or acute. 

POlGN'AivT-LY, (poin'ant-ly) adc. In a stimulating, 
piercing or irritating manner ; with keenness or point. 

POINT, n. [Fr. poinct ; Sp., It. punto, punta.] 1. Tlie 
sharp end of any instrument or body. 2. A string with a 
tag. 3. A small cape, headland or promontory ; a tract 
of land extending into the sea, a lake or river, beyond the 
line of the shore, and becoming narrow at the end. 4. 
The sting of an epigram ; a lively turn of thought or ex- 
pression that strikes with force and agreeable surprise. 
5. An indivisible part of time or space, b. A small space. 
7. Punctilio ; nicety ; exactness of ceremony. 8. Place 
near, next or contiguous to ; verge ; eve. 9. Exact place. 

10. Degree ; state of elevation, depression or extension. 

11. A character used to mark the divisions of writing, or 
the pauses to be observed in reading or speaking. 12. A 
spot ; a part of a surface divided by spots or lines. — 13. In 
geometry, that which has neither parts nor magnitude. — 
14. In music, a mark or note anciently used to distijiguish 
tones or sounds. — 15. In modern music, a dot placed by a 
note to raise its value or prolong its time by one half. — 16. 
In astronomy, a division of the great circles of the horizon, 
and of the mariner’s compass. — 17. In astronomy , a cer- 
tain place marked in the heavens, or distinguished for its 
importance in astronomical calculations. The zenith and 
nadir are called vertical points. — 18. In perspective, a cer- 
tain pole or place with regard to the perspective plane. — 
19. In manufactories, a lace or work wrought by the nee- 
dle. 20. The place to which any thing is directed, or the 
direction in wliich an object is presented to the eye. 21. 
Particular; single thing or subject. 22. Aim; purpose ; 
thing to be reached or accomplished. 23. The act of aim- 
ing or striking. 24. A single position ; a single assertion ; 
a single part of a complicated question or of a whole. 25. 
A note or tune. — 26. In heraldry, points are the several 
different parts of the escutcheon, denoting the local posi- 
tions of figures. — 27. In electricity, the acute termination 
of a body which facilitates the passage of the fluid to or 
from the body. — 28. In gunnery, point-blank denotes the 
shot of a gun lev’eled horizontally. — 29. In marine lan- 
guage, points are flat pieces of braided cordage, tapering 
froin the middle towards each end. — Point detuse, [Fr.] 
exactly in the point of view. Shah. — The poitit, the sub- 
ject ; the main question ; the precise tiling to be consid- 
ered. 

POINT, v.t. 1. To sharpen ; to cut, forge, grind or file to 
an acute end. 2. To direct towards an object or place, to 
show its position, or excite attention to it. 3. To direct 
the eye or notice, 4. To aim ; to direct towards an ob- 
ject. 5. To mark with characters for the purpose of dis- 
tinguishing the members of a sentence, and designating 


♦ See Synopsis. A, K, T, f), D, 1?, FAR, FALI., WHAT PR^Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete 


roK 


621 


POL 


the pauses. G. To mark with vowel-points. 7. To ap- 
point ; [oii'.] Spenser. 8. To fill the joints of with mor- 
tar, and smooth them with the point of a trowel. — 'Fo 
point out, to show by the finger or by other means. — To 
point a sail, to affix points through the eyelet-holes of the 
reefs. 

POINT, r. i. 1. To direct the finger for designating an ob- 
ject, and exciting attention to it. 2. To indicate, as dogs 
do to sportsmen. 3. To show distinctly by any means. 
4. To fill tlie joints or crevices of a wall with mortar. — 5. 
Tn the rigging of a ship, to taper the end of a rope or 
splice, and work over the reduced part a small, close net- 
ting, with an even number of knittles twisted from the 
same. — To point at, to treat with scorn or contempt by 
pointing or directing attention to. 

POINT' AL, n. In botany, the pistil of a plant; an organ or 
viseus adhering to the fruit for the reception of the pollen. 
Its appearance is that of a column or set of columns in the 
centre of the tlower. Marty n. 

POINT'ED, pp. 1. Sharpened ; formed to a point ; direct- 
ed ; aimed. 2. Aimed at a particular person or transac- 
tion. 3. a. Sharp; having a sharp point. 4. Epigrani- 
matical ; abounding in conceits or lively turns. 

POIN'l’'EI)-LY, adr. 1. In a pointed manner; witli lively 
turns of thought or expression. 2. With direct asser- 
tion ; with direct reference to a subject ; with explicit- 
ness. 

POINT'ED-NESS, n, I. Sharpness ; pickedness witli 
asperity. 2. Epigrammatical keenness or smartness. 

POINT'EL, n. 1. Something on a point. 2. A kind of 
pencil or style. Wickliffe. 

POINT'ER, n. 1. Any thing that points. 2. The hand of a 
time-piece. 3. A dog that points out the game. 

POINT'ING, ppr. I. Directing the finger; showing; di- 
recting. 2. Marking with points ; as a writing. 3. Fill- 
ing the joints and crevices of a wall with mortar or ce- 
ment. 

POINT'ING, n. I. The art of making the divisions of a 
writing; punctuation. 2. The state of being pointed 
with marks or of having points. 

POIN3’'ING-STOGK, n. An object of ridicule or scorn. 

POINT'LESS, a. 1. Having no point ; blunt; obtuse. 2. 
Having no smartness or keenness. 

POISE, (poiz) n. [W. pwys ; Arm. poes ; Fr. ponZs.] 1. 
Weight ; gravity ; that which causes a body to descend 
or tend to the centre. 2. The weight or mass of metal 
used in weighing with steelyards, to balance the sub- 
stance weighed. 3. Balance ; equilibrium ; a state in 
which things are balanced by equal weight or power ; 
equipoise. 4. A regulating power ; that which balances. 

POISE, (poiz) t. [W. pioysaw.] I. To balance in 
weight ; to make of equal weight. 2. To hold or place 
in equilibrium or equiponderance. 3. To load with 
weight for balancing. 4. To examine or ascertain, as 
by the balance; to weigh. 5. To oppress; to weigh 
down. 

POISED, pp. Balanced ; made equal in weight ; resting in 
equilibrium. 

POIS'ING, ppr. Balancing. 

POIS'ON, (poiz'n) 7J. [Fr. poison.] 1. A substance w’hich, 
when taken into the stomach, mixed with the blood, or 
applied to the skin or flesh, proves fatal or deleterious ; 
venom. 2. Any thing infectious, malignant, or noxious 
to health. 3. That which taints or destroys moral purity 
or health. 

POIS'ON, V. t. 1. To infect with any thing fatal to life. 2. 
To attack, injure or kill by poison. 3. To taint ; to mar ; 
to impair. 4. To corrupt. 

t POIS'ON- A-BLE, a. Capable of poisoning ; vettomous. 

I’OIS'OxVED, pp. Infected or destroyed by poison. 

POIS'ON-ER, w. One who poisons or corrupts; that which 
corrupts. 

t POlS'ON-FIjL, fl. Replete with venom. Dr. White. 

POIS'ON-ING, Infecting with poison ; corrupting. 

POIS'ON-OUS, a. Venomous ; having the qualities of pois- 
on ; corrupting ; impairing soundness or purity. 

POIS'ON-OLTS-LY, ado. VYith fatal or injurious effects ; 
venomously. 

POIS'ON-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being fatal or in- 
jurious to health and soundness ; venomousness. 

POIS'ON-TREE, n. A tree that poisons the flesh. 

POI'TREL, n. [Fr. poitrail.] 1. Armor for the breast. 2. 
[qu. pointel.] A graving tool. Ainsworth. 

POIZE, a common s|)elling of poise. See Poise. 

POKE, n. [Sax. pocca, poha ; Fr. poche.] A pocket ; a small 
bag ; as, a pig in a poke. Camden. 

POKE, or POKE'-WEED, n. The popular name of a plant 
of the genus phytolacca. 

POKE, V. t. [Corn, pokkia.] I. Properly, to thrust ; hence, 
to feel or search for with along instrument. 2. To thrust 
at with the horns, as an ox. 

POKE, 7J. In A'cw Ew^ZaneZ, a machine to prevent unruly 
beasts from leaping fences. 

POKE, V. t. To put a poke on. Mew England. 


P5K'ER, n. An iron bar used in stirring the fire when coal 
is used for fuel. Swift. 

PoK'ER, 11 . [Dan. pokker.] Any frightful object, especial- 
ly in the dark; a bugbear; a word in common use in 
America, 

PoK'ING, ppr. Feeling in the dark; stirring with a pok- 
er ; thrusting at with the horns ; putting a poke on. 

PoK'ING, e. Drudging ; servile. [Colloquial.] Gray. 

PoK'ING-STICK, n. An instrument formerly used in ad- 
justing the plaits of ruffs then worn. Shak. 

PO-La'CRE, 71. [Sp. poZacre ; Fr. polacre, polaque.] A vessel 
with three masts, used in the Mediterranean. 

Po'LAR, a. [Fr. polaire i It. polare j Sp. polar.] 1. Per- 
taining to the poles of the earth, north or south, or to 
the poles of artificial globes ; situated near one of the 
poles. 2. Proceeding from one of the regions near the 
poles. 3. Pertaining to the magnetic pole, or to tlie point 
to which the magnetic needle is directed. 

PO-LAR'I-TY, 77. That quality of a body, in virtue of which 
peculiar properties reside in certain points ; usually, as in 
electrified or magnetized bodies, properties of attraction 
or repulsion, or the power of taking a certain direction. 
The property of pointing to the poles, which is peculiar to 
the magnetic needle. A mineral is said to pdssess polar- 
ity when it attracts one pole of a magnetic needle and re- 
pels the other. 

PO-LAR-I-Za'TION, 77. The act of giving polarity to a 
body. — Polarization of light, a change produced upon light 
by the action of certain media, by which it exhibits the 
appearance of having polarity, or poles possessing differ- 
ent properties. 

Po'LAR-iZE, V. t. To communicate polarity to. 

P5'LAR-lZED, pp. Having polarity communicated to. 

PO'LAR-IZ-ING, ppr. Giving polarity to. 

P6'LA-RY, a. Tending to a pole ; having a direction to a 
pole. Brown. 

POLE, 77. [Sax. pol, pal ,• D. paal ; Dan. peel ; W. pawl ; L. 
palus.] 1. A long, slender piece of wood, or the stem of 
a small tree deprived of its branches. 2. A rod ; a perch ; 
a measure of length of five yards and a half. 3. An in- 
strument for measuring. — Bare poles. A ship is under 
bare poles when her sails are all furled. Mar. Diet. 

POLE, 77 . [Fr. ^oZe; It., Sp. polo.] 1. In astronomy, one 
of the extremities of the axis on which the sphere re- 
volves. — 2. In spherics, a point equally distant from every 
part of the circumference of a great circle of the sphere ; 
or it is a point 90® distant from the plane of a circle, and 
in a line passing perpendicularly through the centre, call- 
ed the axis. — 3. In geography, the extremity of the earth’s 
axis. 4. The star which is vertical to the pole of the 
earth. — Magnetic poles, two points in a lodestone, corre- 
sponding to the poles of the world ; the one pointing to 
the north, the other to the south. 

POLE, 77. [from Poland.] A native of Poland. 

POLE, 77 . t. I. To furnish witli poles for support. 2. To 
bear or convey on poles. 3. To impel by poles, as a boat ; 
to push forward by the use of poles. 

PoLE'-AXE, ) 77. An axe fixed to a pole or Iiandle ; or, 

POLE'-AX, i rather, a sort of hatchet with a handle 
about fifteen inches in length, and a point or claw bend- 
ing downward from the back of its head. 

PoLE'GAT, 77. A quadruped of the genus mustela ; the 
fitchew or fitchet. 

P6LE'-Da-VY, 77. A sort of coarse cloth. Ainsworth. 

POL'E-MARGH, n. [Gr. aoXf//ap;^oj.] 1. Anciently, a 
magistrate of Athens and Thebes, 2. A military officer 
in Lacedeemon, 

PO-LEM'I€, or PO-LEM'I-€AL, a. [Gr. rroXcjuixOi.] 1. 
Controversial ; disputative ; intended to maintain an opin- 
ion or system in opposition to others. 2. Engaged in sup- 
porting an opinion or system by controversy. 

PO-LEM'ie, 77 . A disputant; a controvertist. Pope. 

POL'E-MIST, 77. A controvertist. Mchols. 

PO-LEM'0-S€OPE, n. [Gr. rroXeycif and cKoneoi.] An ob- 
lique perspective glass contrived for seeing objects that do 
not lie directly before the eye. 

P5LE'-STAR, 77 . 1. A star which is vertical, or nearly so, 
to the pole of the earth ; a lodestar. 2. That which serves 
as a guide or director. 

Po'LEY-GRASS, n. A plant of the genus lythrum. 

P5'LEY-MOUN-TAIN, n. A plant of the genus teucrium. 

PO-LICE', 77 . [Fr. ; L. politia.] 1. The government of a 
city or town ; the administration of the laws and regula- 
tions of a city or incorporated town or borough. 2. Ihe 
internal regulation and government of a kingdom or state. 

3. The corporation or body of men governing a city.-— 

4. In Scottish, the pleasure-ground about a gentleman s 


L'tCED, a. Regulated by laws ; furnished with a regu- 
system of laws and administration. Eaco??. 
.tCE'-OF-FI-CER, 77 . An officer intrusted with the 

jcution of the laws of a city. 

T-nv. n. IFr. volice ; h. poliUa.] 1. 




* See Synopsis, MOVE, BQOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


roL 


622 POL 


ner of governing a nation ; or that system of measures 
which the sovereign of a country adopts and pursues, as 
best adapted to the interests c.f the nation. 2. Art, inu- 
dence, wisdom or dexterity in the management of public 
affairs. — 3. In common usag-e, the art, prudence or wisdom 
of individuals in the management of their private or so- 
cial concerns. 4. Stratagem ; cunning ; dexterity of man- 
agement. 5. [It. polizza.] A ticket or warrant for money 
in the public funds. — 6. [Sp. poliza.] Policy^ in commerce, 
the writing or instrument, by which a contract of indem- 
nity is effected between the insurer and the insured. 

PoL'ING, n. In gardening, the operation of dispersing the 
worm-casts all over the walks, with long ash poles. 

PoL'ING, ppr. 1. Furnishing with poles for support. 2. 
Bearing on poles. 3. Pushing forward with poles, as a 
boat. 

PoL'ISH, a. Pertaining to Poland. j 

POL'ISH, u. t. [Fr. polir, poUssant.] 1. To make smooth 
and glossy, usually by friction. 2. To refine ; to wear 
off rudeness, rusticity and coarseness ; to make elegant j 
and polite. 

POL'ISH, V. L To become smooth ; to receive a gloss j to 
take a smooth and glossy surface. 

POL'ISH, n. 1. A smooth, glossy surface produced by fric- 
tion. 2. Refinement ; elegance of manners. 

POL'ISH-A-BLE, a. Capable of being polished. 

POL'ISHED, pp. Made smooth and glossy ; refined. 

t POL'ISH-ED-NESS, n. 1. State of being polished or 
glossed. Donne. 2. State of being refined or elegant. 
Coventry. 

POL'ISH-ER, n. The person or instrument that polishes. 

POL'ISH-ING, ppr. Making smooth and glossy ; refining. 

POL'ISH-ING, n. Smoothness j glossiness ; refinement. 
Goldsmith. 

POL'ISII-MENT, 11. Refinement. Waterhouse. 

PO-LlTE', a. [L. politus.'] 1. Literally, smooth, glossy, 
and used in this sense till within a centur}' ; [065.] 2. 
Being polished or elegant in manners ; refined in be- 
havior J well-bred. 3. Courteous ; complaisant j oblig- 
ingi 

PO-LlTE'LY, adc. With elegance of manners j genteelly j 
courteously. 

PO-LlTE'NESS, 11. ]. Polish or elegance of manners ; 
gentility ; good-breeding j ease and gracefulness of man- 
ners. 2. Courteousness ; complaisance j obliging atten- 
tions. 

POL'I-TLG, G. [L. politicus.'] 1. Wise; prudent and saga- 
cious in devising and pursuing measures adapted to pro- 
mote the public welfare. 2. Well devised and adapted 
to the public prosperity. 3. Ingenious in devising and 
pursuing any scheme of personal or rational aggrandize- 
ment, without regard to the morality of the measure ; cun- 
ning ; artful ; sagacious in adapting means to the end, 
whether good or evil. 4. Well devised ; adapted to its 
end, right or wrong. 

f POL'I-TIC, n. A politician. Bacon. 

PO-LIT'I-CAL, a. 1. Pertaining to policy, or to civil gov- 
ernment and its administration. 2. Pertaining to a na- 
tion or state, or to nations or states, as ilistinguisned from 
civil or municipal ; as in the phrase, political and civil 
rights, the former comprehending rights that belong to a 
nation, or perhaps to a citizen as an individual of a na- 
tion ; ana the latter comprehending the local rights of a 
corporation or any member of it. 3. Public ; derived 
from office or connection with government. 4. Artful ; 
skillful; [see Politic.] 5. Treating of politics or govern- 
ment. Paley. — Political economy, the administration of 
the revenues of a nation ; or the management and regu- 
lation of its resources and productiv e property and labor. 

PO-LIT'I-CAL-LY, adv. 1. V/ith relation to the govern- 
ment of a nation or state. 2. Artfully ; with address ; 
[ois.J 

PO-LITT-€Afe-TER, n. A petty politician. 

t POL-I-Ti"CIAN, a. Cunning ; using artifice. 

POL-I-Ti"CIAN, n. [Fr. politicien.] 1. One versed in the 
science of government and the art of governing ; one 
skilled in politics. 2. A man of artifice or deep contri- 
vance. 

POL'I-TIC-LY, ado. Artfully ; cunningly. Shak. 

POL'I-TICS, n. [Fr. politique.'] The science of government ; 
that part of ethics which consists in the regulation and 
government of a nation or state, for the preservation of its 
safety, peace and prosperity. 

^ POL'I-TiZE, V. i. To play the politician. Milton. 

I POL'I-TURE, n. Polish ; the gloss given by polishing. 

POL'I-TY, n. [Gr. noXircia.] 1. The form or constitution 
of civil government of a nation or state. 2. The constitu- 
tion or general fundamental principles of government of 
any class of citizens, considered in an appropriate charac- 
ter, or as a subordinate state. 

Poll, n. [D. bol.] l. The head of a person, or the back 
part of the head. 2. A register of heads, that is, of per- 
sons. 3. The entry of the names of electors who vote 
for civil officers. Hence, 4. An election of civil officers. 


or the place of election. 5. A fish called a chub or chevin ; 
see Pollard. 

Poll, v. t. l. To lop the tops of trees. Bacon. 2. To 
clip ; to cut off the ends ; to cut off hair or wool ; to shear. 

3. To mow ; to crop ; [0^5.] 4. To peel ; to strip ; to 
plunder; [06s.] 5, To take a list or register of persons; 
to enter names in a list. 6. To enter one’s name in a list 
or register. 7. To insert into a number as a voter. Tickel. 

POL'LARD, n. 1. A tree lopped. 2. A clipped coin. 3. 
The chub fish. 4. A stag that has cast his horns. 5. A 
mixture of bran and meal. 

POL'LARD, V. t. To lop the tops of trees ; to poll. 

POL'LEN, n. ['L. pollen, pollis.] 2. The fecundating dust, 
or fine substance like flour or meal, contained in the an- 
ther of flowers, which is dispersed on the pistil for im- 
pregnation ; farin or farina. 2. Fine bran. Bailey. 

I t POii'LEN-GER, n. Brushwood. Tusser. 

! POL'LE-NIN, n. A substance prepared from the pollen of 
tulips, highly inflammable. 

PoLL'ER, n. [from poZZ.] 1. One that shaves persons ; a 
barber ; [oZ>s.] 2. One that lops or polls trees. 3. A pil- 
lager ; a plunderer ; one that fleeces by exaction ; [oZ*^.] 

4. One that registers voters, or one that enters his name 
as a voter. 

PoLL'-E-VIL, n. A swelling or impostem on a horse’s 
head, or on tlie nape of the neck between the ears. 

POL-LI-CI-Ta'TION, n. [L. pollicitatio.] A promise ; a 
voluntary engagement, or a paper containing it. 

POL-LINC'TOR, n. [L.] One that prepares materials for 
embalming the dead ; a kind of undertaker. 

POL-LI-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. iioZZcn and /ero.] Producing 
pollen. 

POL'LOGK, or POL'LA€K, n. A fish, a species of gadiis 
or cod. 

POL-LuTE', V. t. [L. 2)olluo ; Fr. polluer.] 2. To defile; 
to make foul or unclean. Among the Jews, to make un- 
clean or impure, in a legal or ceremonial sense. 2. To 
taint with guilt. 3. To profane ; to use for carnal or idol- 
atrous purposes. 4. To corrupt or impair by mixture of 
ill, moral or physical. 5. To violate by illegal sexiuU 
commerce. 

POL-LuTE', a. Polluted ; defiled. Milton. 

POL-LuT'ED, pp. Defiled ; rendered unclean ; tainted 
with guilt ; impaired ; profaned. 

POL-LuT'EII-LY, adc. In a state of pollution. Ileywood. 

POL-LuT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being polluted ; de- 
filement. 

POL-LuT'ER, 71. A defiler ; one that pollutes or profanes. 

POL LUT ING, ppr. Defiling ; rendering unclean ; cor- 
rupting ; profaning. 

POL-LU'TION, n. [F. pollutio ; Fr. pollution.] 2. Tlie act 
of polluting. 2. Defilement ; uncleanness ; impurity ; 
the state of being polluted. — 3. In the Jewish economy, 
legal or ceremonial uncleanness. — 4. In medicine, the in- 
voluntary emission of semen in sleep. — 5. In a religious 
sense, guilt, the effect of sin ; idolatry. 

POL'LUX, n. 2, A fixed star of the second magnitude, in 
the constellation Gemini or the Twins. 2. See Castor. 

P0L-0-Na1SE', I n. A robe or dress adopted from the 

POL-O-NkSE', \ fashion of the Poles; sometimes worn 
by ladies. 

POii-O-NKvSE', n. I'he Polish language. Encyc. 

POL'O-NOISE, n. In music, a movement of three crotchets 
in a bar, with the rhythmical cesure on the last. 

PoLT, n. [Sw. biilta.] A blow, stroke or striking; a word 
in common popular use in Mew England. 

distorted foot. Herhei t. 

a. Having distorted feet. B. Jenson. 

. poltron It. poltrone.] An arrant 
coward ; a dastard"; a wretch without spirit or courage. 

POL-7'ROON', a. Base ; vile ; contemptible. Hammond. 

POL-TROON'ER-Y, \ n. Cowardice ; baseness of mind ; 

POL-TROON'RY, \ want of spirit. 

POL'VE-RIN, \n. [L. paZrZs ; It. poZrerino.] The calcined 

POL'VE-RINE, i ashes of a plant. 

Po'LY, or Po'LEY, n. [h. polium,] A plant. 

POL'Y, in compound words, is from the Greek no\vs, and 
signifies many ; as in polygon, a figure of many angles. 

POL-Y-A-COUS'TI€, a. [Gr. ttoXuj and aKovo).] That mul- 
tiplies or magnifies sound; as a 7iottw, an instrument to 
multiply sounds. 

POL'Y-A-DELPH, n. [Gr. no\vg and aSc\(pos.] In botany, 
a plant having its stamens united in three or more bodies 
or bundles by the filaments. 

POL-Y-A-DELPH'I-AN, a. Having its stamens united in 
three or more bundles. 

POL-Y-AN'DER, n. [Gr. iroXaf and 0107^.] In botany, a 
plant having many stamens. 

POL-Y-AN'DRI-AN, a. Having many stamens. 

POL-Y-AN'DRY, n. The practice of females having more 
husbands than one at the same time; plurality of hus- 
bands. 


t PoLT'-FOOT, n. A 
t PdLT'-FOOT, \ 
t PdLT'-F06T-ED, \ 
POL-TROON', n. [F 


* See Synopsis. A, it, T, d, V, Y, Zo«^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;—PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


POL 


G23 


POM 


POIVY-AXTIIj / «. [Gr. JToXus* and avOos.] A plant of 

rOL-Y-ANTH'OS, ) tlie genus pr/wmia or primrose. 

POL-Y-AU-TOG'ltA-PHY", n. [Gr. no\vs,avrog and ypacpo).^ 
The act or practice of multiplying copies of one’s own 
handwriting ; a species of litliography. 

POL'Y-CHORD, a. [Gr. aoXvf, and chord.] Having many 
chords or strings. Ch. Relig. .Appeal. 

I POL'Y-€HREST, n. [Gr. froAcj and ^prjcrrog.] In phar- 
macy, a medicine that serves for many uses. 

POIiA"-€IIRO-ITE, 71. [Gr. ttoAuj and color- 

ing matter of saflron. (Jre. 

P0L-Y-€0-TYL'E-D0N, n. [Gr. r.o\vg and 
In botany, a plant that has many or more than two cotyl- 
edons or lobes to the seed. 

P0L-Y-€0-TY-LED'0-N0US, a. Having more than two 
lobes to the seed. 

POL-Y-ED*RTG ) 

Y" I See Polyhedrox and PonyuEORAL. 

POL'Y-GAXI, ) 71 . [Gr. rroXu? and yapog.] In botany, a 

POL-Y-GAMT-AN, | plant which bears hermaphrodite 
flowers. 

POL-Y-GAM'I-AX, a. Producing hermaphrodite flowers, 
with male or female flowers, or both. 

PO-LYG'A-MIST, n. A person who maintains the lawful- 
ness of polygamy. 

PO-LYG'A-MOUS, a. 1. Consisting of polygamy. Encyc. 
2. Inclined to polygamy ; having a plurality of wives. 

PO-LYG'A-MY, n. [Gr. rtoXuf and ya/mj.] A plurality of 
wives or liusbands at the same time j or the having of 
such plurality. 

POL'Y-GAR, 71. In Hindostan, an inhabitant of the woods. 

PO-LYG^E-NOUS, a. [Gr. aoXt’j and ytrws.] Consisting of 
many kinds. Kirioan. 

POL'Y-GLOT, a. [Gr. no\vg and yXtorra.] Having or con- 
taining many languages. 

POL'Y-GLOT^ 11 . 1. A book containing many languages. 
2. One who understands many languages ; [ 0 & 5 .] 

POL'Y-GON, 71. [Gr. no\vg and yoivia.] In geometry, a 
figure of many angles and sides. 

PO^Y^O-NOUS, i angles. Lee. 

PO-LYG'O-NCM, or POL'Y'-GOY, n. [Gr. aoXvj and yovv."] 
Knotgrass. 

PO-LYG'O-NY, n. [L. polygonum.] Knotgrass. 

POL'Y-GRAM, 71. [Gr. TToXi^f and ypa/7/m.] A figure con- 
sisting of many lines. Diet. 

POIi'Y-GRAPH, 71. An instrument for multiplying copies 
of a w'riting with ease and expedition. 

POL-Y-GRAPH'ie, ^ a. 1. Pertaining to polygraphy. 

POL-Y-GRAPH'I-CAL, i 2. Done with a polygraph. 

PO-LYG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. iroXt-f and ypa^y ; ypa0w*] 
Tlie art of writing in various ciphers, and of deciphering 
the same. 


POL'Y-GYN, n. [Gr. noXuf and yvvy.] In botany, a plant 
having many pistils. 

POL-Y-GYN'I-AN, a. Having many pistils. 

PO-LYGA^-NY, n. [Gr. tt oX»jf and yovy.] The practice of 
having more wives than one at the same time. 

POL-Y-Ha'LITE, 71. [Gr. no\vg and dX?.] A mineral. 

POL-Y-He'DRAL, or POL-Y-He'DROUS, a. Having 
many sides ; as a solid body. 

POL-Y-He'DRON, 71. [Gr. TToXaj and idpa.] \.li\ geometry, 
a body or solid contained under many sides or planes. — 
2. In optics, a multiplying glass or lens consisting of sev- 
eral plane surfaces disposed in a convex form. 

+ PO-LYL'O-GY, n. [Gr. roXvg and Xoyoj.] A talking 
much ; talkativeness ; garrulity. 

POL-Y-MATHTC, a. Pertaining to polymathy. 

PO-LYM'A-THY, 71. [Gr. ttoXu? and padyaig.] The knowl- 
edge of many arts and sciences. 

POL'”YiM-NITE, 71. A stone marked with dendrites and 
black lines, and so disposed as to represent rivers, marsh- 
es, &LC. 

POL'Y-MORPH, n. [Gr. no\vg and pop^py.] A name given 
to a numerous tribe or series of shells. 

POL-Y'-MORPH'OUS, a. Having many forms. 

POL'Y-NEME, 71. A fish having a scaly head. 

POL-Y-Ne'SIA, 71 . [Gr. noXvs and vycog.] A new term in 
geography, used to designate a great number of isles in 
the Pacific ocean. 


POL-Y-Ne'SIAN, a. Pertaining to Polynesia. 

POL'Y-NOME, 71. [Gr. noXv? and ovopa.] In algebra, a 
quantity consisting of many terms. 

POL-Y-No'Ml-AL, a. Containing many names. 

POL-Y'-ON'O-MOUS, a. [Gr. noXvg and ovopa.] Having 
many names or titles ; many-titled. Sir W. Jones. 

POL-Y-ON^O-MY, 71. Variety of different names. Faber. 

POL-Y^-OP'TRUM, 71. [Gr. no\vg and onropai.] A glass 
through which objects appear multiplied. 


POL-Y-PET/A-LOlJy, [Gr. noXvg and rrcraXoi'.] In bot- 
any, having many petals. Martijn. 

POL-Y-PHON'IC, a. having or consisting of many Voices 
or sounds. Bushy. 

PO-LYPH'O-NISM, / 71. [Gr. no'Sog and cpuivy.] Multiplicity 

PO-LYPH'O-NY, S of sounds, as in the reverberations 
of an echo. 

PO-LYPHA’^L-LOUS, a. [Gr. ttoXvj and 0vXXov.] In botany, 
many-leafed. 

POLA^-PIeR, 71. The name given to the habitations of 
polypes. Cuvier. 

POL'Y-PITE, 71. Fossil polype. 

POLA^-PODE, 71. [Gr. noXvg and ttouf.] An animal having 
many feet ; the milleped or wood-louse. Coxe. 

PO-LY^P'O-DY, 71. [L. polypodium.] A plant of the genus 
polypodiuni , of the order of Jilices or ferns. 

POL'Y-POUS, a. Having the nature of the polypus j having 
many feet or roots, like the polypus. 

POL-Y-PRAG-MAT'I-CAL, a. Over-busy j forward j offi- 
cious. 

POL'Y-PUS, ) 71. [Gr. rroXvTTocj.] 1. Something that lias 

POL ATE, i many feet or roots.— 2. In zoology, a spe- 
cies of fresh-water insect, li. A concretion of blood in 
the heart and blood vessels. Parr. 4. A tumor with a 
narrow base, somewhat resembling a pear ; found in the 
nose, uterus, &c. 

POL'Y-SCOPE, 71. [Gr. ttoXdj and cKoneo).] A glass which 
makes a single object appear as man 3 ^ Diet. 

POL'Y''-SPAST, 71. [Sp. polispastos.] A machine consisting 
of many pulleys. Diet. 

POL'Y-SPERM, 71. [Gr. ttoXv? and cneppa.] A tree whoso 
fruit contains many seeds. Evelyn. 

POL-Y-SPERM'OUS, a. Containing many seeds. 

POL-Y-SYL-LAB'IC, 1 a. Pertaining to a polysyllable ; 

POL-Y-BY’^L-LAB'l-CAL, i consisting of many syllables, 
or of more than three. 

POLA’^-SYL-LA-BLE, n. [Gr. rroXaj and iraXXa/?!?.] A word 
of many syllables, that is, consisting of more syllables 
than three. 

POL-Y-SY’^N*DE-TON, n. [Gr. ‘ao\vcvvSeTog.] A figure of 
rhetoric by which the copulative is often repeated. 

POL-Y-TECH'NI€, a. [Gr. troXof and Denoting or 

comprehending many arts. 

* POL'Y-THE-ISM, 71. [Fr. poly theism c.] The doctrine of a 
plurality of gods or invisible beings superior to man, and 
having an agency in the government of the world. 

* POL'Y-THE-IST, n. A person who believes in or main- 
tains the doctrine of a plurality of gods. 

POL-Y-THE-IS'TIC, ) a. 1. Pertaining to polytheism. 

POL-Y-THE-IS'TI-€AL, \ 2. Holding a plurality of gods. 

PGM'ACE, n. [L. pornum ; Fr. ponime^ The substance of 
apples or of similar fruit crushed by grinding. In America, 
it is so called before and after being pressed. 

PO-Ma'CEOUB, a. 1. Consisting of apples. 2. Like 
pomace. 

PO-MADE', 71. \Fe.pommade.] Perfumed ointment. [L.u.] 

Po'MAND-ER, 71. [Fr. pomme d'ambre.] A sweet ball j a 
perfumed ball or pow’der. Bacon. 

PO-Ma'TUM, 77. [Fx . pommadc it. pomata g Bp. pomada.] 
An unguent or composition used in dressing the hair. 

PO-Ma'TUM, V. t. To apply pomatum to the hair. Diet. 

POME, 77. [L. pomum.] In botany, a pulpy pericarp without 
valves, containing a capsule or core. 

f POME, V. i. [Fr. pommer.] To grow to a head, or form a 
head in growing. Diet. 

POYIE-CITTON, 77. A citron apple. B. Jonson. 

POME-GRAN'ATE, (poni-gran'nat) n. [L. pomum and 
granatum.] 1. The fruit of a tree belonging to the genus 
punica. 2. The tree that produces pomegranates. 3. An 
ornament resembling a pomegranate, on the robe and 
ephod of the Jewish high-priest. 

POME-GRAN'ATE-TREE, 77. The tree which produces 
pomegranates. 

POME'ROY, (pom'roy) ) n. Royal apple j a par- 

POME-ROY^'AL, (pom-roy'al) \ ticular sort of apple. 
Ainsworth. 

PoME'-WA-TER, 77. A sort of apple. Shak. 

PO-MIFTR-OUS, a. [L. po777777/7 and/ero.l Apple-bearing. 

POMME, cr POM-METTE', n. In heraldry, a cross with 
one or more knobs at each of the ends. 

PoM'MEL, 77 . [Fr. pommeau.] 1. A knob or ball. 2. The 
knob on the hilt of a sword ; the protuberant part of a 
saddle-bow ; the round knob on the frame of a chair, 
Sec. 

PGM'MEL, V. t. To beat as with a pommel, that is, with 
something thick or bulky ; to bruise. 

PoM'MELED, pp. 1. Beaten ; bruised. — 2. In heraldry, 
having^ pommels, as a sword or dagger. 

POM-Me'LI-ON, 77. The cascabel or hindmost knob of a 
cannon. Mar. Diet. 

POMP, 77. [L. pompa ; Fr. pompe ; Arm. pomp ; It., Sp. 
pornpa.] 1. A procession distinguished by ostentation of 


* See Synopsis. MOY"E, BQQK, DOVE BUT J., UNITE.— € as K j G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in thUi. f Obsolete. 


PON 


024 


POP 


grandeur and splendor. 2. Show of magnificence j pa- 
rade ; splendor. 

f POAl-PAT'l€, a. [Low L. pornpaticus,'] Pompous ; splen- 
did ; ostentatious. Barroic, 

POAIP'ET, n. The ball which printers use to black tlie 
types. Cot grave. 

POMTHO-LYX, n. [L., from Gr. nop<po\v^.] The white 
oxyd which sublimes during the combustion of zink. 
P 6 MPT-ON, n. [D. pomjioeji.] A pumpkin 5 a plant and its 
fruit._ 

POM'PiRE, n. [L. pomum and pyrus.] A sort of pearmain. 
Ainsworth. 

POM-POST-TY, 71. [ll. pompositd.'] Pompousness ; ostenta- 
tion ; boasting. Ailcin. 

POMP'OUS, a. [Fr. pomp eux ; It. poynposo.] 1. Displaying 
pomp; showy with grandeur; splendid; magnificent. 
2. Ostentatious ; boastful. 

POMP^OUS-LY, adv. With great parade or display ; mag- 
nificently ; splendidly ; ostentatiously. Dryden. 
POMP'OUS-NESS, n. The state of being pompous; mag- 
nificence; splendor; great display of show. 
POM'-WA-TER, V. The name of a large apple. Viet. 
POXD, 7i! [Sp., Port., It. pantano.] 3. A body of stagnant 
water without an outlet, larger than a puddle, and smaller 
than a lake ; or a like body of water with a small outlet. 
In the United States^ we give thii name to collections of 
water in the interior country, which are fed by springs, 
and from wJiich issues a small stream. 2. A collection 
of water raised in a river by a dam, for the purpose of 
propelling mill-wheels. — Pond for fish ; see Fish-pond. 
PONiJ, V. t. [from the noun.] To make a pond ; to collect 
in a pond by stopping the current of a river 
t POND, V. t. To ponder. Spenser. 

PON'DER, V. t. IL. pondero.] 1. To weigh in the mind ; 
to consider and compare tire circumstances or conse- 
quences of an event. 2. To view with deliberation ; to 
examine. 

PON^DER, V. i. To think ; to muse ; with on. Shak. 
PON'DER-A-BLE, a. Tliat may be weighed ; capable of 
being weighed. Browii. 

PON'DER-AL, a. [L. powdws.] Estimated or ascertained by 
weight, as distinguished from numeral. 

PON'DER-ANCE, n. Weight ; gravity. Gregory. 
t PON'DER-ATE, v. t. To weigh in the mind ; to consider. 
PON-DER-a'TION, n. The act of weighing. [LittU 
PON'DERED, pp. Weighed in the mind ; considered ; ex- 
amined by intellectual operation. 

PON<DER-ER, n. One that weighs in his mind. 
PON'DER-ING, jypr. W^eighing intellectually ; considering ; 
deliberating on. 

PON'DER-ING-IW, adv. With consideration or delibera- 
tion. Hammond. 

PON-DER-OS'I-TY, 71. Weight; gravity; heaviness. 
PON'DER-OUS, a. [L. ponderosus.'] 3. Very heavy; 
weighty. 2. Important ; momentous. 3. Forcible ; 
strongly impulsive. Dryden. — Ponderous spar, heavy 
spar or barytes. 

P0N'DER-0U8-LY, adv. With great weight. 
PON'DER-OUS-NESS, 71. Weight; heaviness; gravity. 
POND'-WEED, 71. [pond and weed.] A plant. 

Po'NENT, a. [It. pone ate ; h. ponens.] Western. [L. it.] 
PON'GO, 71. A name of the orang outang. JVat. Hist. 
PONTARD, (pon'yard) n. [Fr. jwignard.] A small dagger ; 
a pointed instrument for stabbing, borne in the hand or at 
the girdle, or in the pocket. 

PON'IARD, (pon'yard) v.t. To pierce with a poniard ; to stab. 
tPONK, n. A nocturnal spirit ; a hag. Shak. 

PONT'AGE, 71. [L. pons, jyontis ; 8p. puente ; W. 2>07it.] A 
duty paid for repairing bridges. 

PON-TEE', n. In glass works, an iron instrument used to 
stick the glass at the bottom. 

PONT'ie, a. [L. Pontus.] Pertaining to the Pontus, Eux- 
ine, or Black sea. J. Barlow. 

71. [Fr. pontife j la. pontifex.] A liigh-priest. 

a. Relating to priests ; popish. Milton. 
PON-TIF'I-GAL, a. [L. poiitijicalis.] 3. Belonging to a 
liigh-priest ; belonging to the pope ; popish. 2. Splendid ; 
magnificent. 3. Bridge-building; [o^>*’.] 
PON-TIF'I-€AL, 71. 1. A book containing rites and cere- 
monies ecclesiastical. South. 2. Tlie dress and orna- 
ments of a priest or bishop. Loicth. 

I PON-TIF-I-GAL'I-TY, n. The state and government of 
the pope ; the papacy. Usher. 

PON-TIF'I-€AL-LY, ado. In a pontifical manner. 
PON-TIF'I-GATE, n. [L. pontficatus.] 1. The state or 
dignity of a high-priest ; particularly, the office or dignity 
of the pope. 2. The reign of a pope. 

PONT'I-FICE, 71. Bridge-work ; structure or edifice of a 
bridge. [Little used.] Milton. 

PON-Tl-Fl"CIAL, a. Popish. Burton. 

PON-TI-FF'CIAN, a. Popish; papistical. Hall. 
PON-TI-FI"CIAN, 71. One that adheres to the pope; a pa- 
pist. Mountague. 


PON'TINE, or POMP'TINE, a. [L. ponfiaa.] Designating 
a large marsh between Rome and Naples. 

PONT'LE-VIS, n. In horsemanship, a disorderly resisting 
of a horse by rearing repeatedly on liis hind legs, so as to 
be in danger of coining over. 

PON-TOON', 71. [Fr., Sp. ponton.] 1. A flat-bottomed boat. 
2. A ligliter ; a low, flat vessel. — Pontoon-bridge is a 
bridge formed with pontoons. — Pontoon-carriage is made 
with two wheels only. 

Po'NY, n. A small liorse. 

POOD, 71. A Russian weight, equal to 40 Russian or 36 Eng- 
lish pounds. 

POOIi, 71. [Sax. pol, pul ; D. poel ; G. pfuhl.] A small col- 
lection of water in a hollow place, supplied by a spring, 
and discharging its surplus water by an outlet. 

POOL, or PoULE, n. [Fr. poule.] The stakes played for in 
certain games of cards. Southern. 

POOP, 71. [Fr. povpc ,• It. poppa ; 8p. popa ; L. pyipjns.] The 
highest and aftmost part of a ship’s deck. 

POOP, V. t. 1. To strike upon the stern, as a heavy sea. 2. 
To strike the stern, as one vessel that runs her stem 
against another’s stern. Mar. Diet. 

POOP'ING, 71. The shock of a heavy sea on the sterner 
quarter of a ship, when scudding in a tempest; also, the 
action of one ship’s running her stem against another’s 
stern. 

POOR, a. [L. pauper ; Fr. pauvre.] 1. Wholly destitute of 
property, or not having property sufficient for a comforta- 
ble subsistence ; needy. — 2. In law, so destitute of prop- 
erty as to be entitled to maintenance from the public. 3. 
Destitute of strength, beauty or dignity ; barren ; mean ; 
jejune. 4. Destitute of value, worth or importance; of 
little use; trifling. 5. Paltry; mean; of little value. 6. 
destitute of fertility ; barren ; exhausted. 7. Of little 
worth ; unimportant. Sicift. 8. Unhappy ; pitiable. 9. 
Mean ; depressed ; low ; dejected ; destitute of spirit. 30. 
Lean ; emaciated. 11. Small, or of a bad quality. 12. 
Uncomfortable ; restless ; ill. 33. Destitute of saving 
grace. iii. 14. Wanting good qualities. 35. A word 
of tenderness or pity ; dear. 36. A word of slight con- 
tempt , wretched. 37. The poor, collectively used as a 
noun, those who are destitute of property ; the indigent ; 
the needy. — Poor in spirit, in a Scriptural sense, humble ; 
contrite. 

POOR'JOHN, 7t. A sort of fish [callarius.] Ainsworth. 

POOR'LY, adv. 1. Without wealth ; in indigence. 2. 
With little or no success ; with little growth, jirofit or ad- 
vantage. 3. Meanly ; without spirit. 4. Without excel- 
lence or dignity. 

POOR'LY, a. Somewhat ill ; indisposed ; not in health ; a 
common use of the word in America. Th. Scott. 

POOR'NESS, n. 1. Destitution of property; indigence; 
poverty; want. 2. Meanness; lowness; want of digni- 
ty. 3. Want of spirit. 4. Barrenness ; sterility. 5. Un- 
productiveness ; w'ant of the metallic substance. G. 
Fmallness or bad quality. 7. Want of value or impor- 
tance. 8. Want of good qualities, or the proper qualities 
which constitute a thing good in its kind. 9. Narrow- 
ness ; barrenness ; w^ant of capacity. 

POOR-SPIR'IT-EI), a. Of a mean spirit; cowardly; base. 

POOR-SPIR'IT-ED-NlilS8, n. Meanness or baseness of 
spirit ; cowardice. South. 

POP, 7 ?. [D. 2 >cc/).] A small, smart, quick sound or report. 

POP, 7’. i. 3. I'o enter or issue forth with a quick, sudden 
motion. 2. To dart ; to start from place to place sud- 
denly. 

POP, V. t. To thrust or pusli suddenly with a quick motion. 
— To pop ojf, to thrust away ; to slaft olT. Locke. 

POP, adv. Suddenly; with sudden entrance or appearance. 

POPE, n. [Gr. nana, r.ari-aag, zannos ; Low L. papa ; Sp., 
It., Port, papa ^ Fr. pape.] 3. The bishop of Rome, the 
liead of the Catholic church. 2. A small fish, called also 
a ruff. Walton. 

PoPE'DOM, 77 . 1. The place, office or dignity of tlie pope ; 
papal dignity. 2. The jurisdiction of the pope. 

PoPE'-.ToAN, 71. A game of cards. .Tenner. 

PdPE'IilNG, n. An adherent of the pope. 

Pd'PER-Y, n. The religion of tlie church of Rome, compre- 
hending doctrines and practices. Swift. 

PdPE’S'-EYE, n. [pope tmd eye.] Tlie gland surrounded 
with fat in the middle of the thigh. Johnson. 

POP'GUN, 71. A small gun or tube used by children to shoot 
wads and make a noise. Cheync. 

POP' IN- JAY, 77. [Sp. pa/nz^a^o.] 3. A parrot. 2. A wood- 
pecker, a bird with a gay head. The green woodpecker, 
with a scarlet crown, a native of Europe 3. A gay, tri- 
fling young man ; a flip or coxcomb. 

PdP'ISil, a. Relating to the pope ; taught by the pope ; 
pertaining to the pope or to the church of Rome. 

PdP''lSIl-LY, ade. In a popish manner; with a tendency 
to popery. 

POP'LAR, 77. [L. populus ; Fr. peuplier.] A tree of the genus 
populus, of several species. 

POP'LIN, 77. A stufl’made of silk and worsted. 


PONT'IFF, ) 
PON'TIF, \ 
PON-TIF'ie, 


* Sec Synopsis 


K, J, d, fJ, 9, long.—FXR, FALL, WH.AT ;— PR^Y ;— FIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


POR 


025 POR 


POP-LIT'E-AL, I a. [L. Pertaining to the liani cr 

POP-TiIT'I€, i knee-joint. Jticd. Rei)os. 

POP PET. Sec Puppet. 

POP'PY, M. [Sax. popc^r ; Fr. parot; L. paprtv<??’.] A plant 
of the genus papavcr, of several species, from one of 
which, the somniferumj or white poppy, is collected 
opium. 

POP'U-LACE, 71 . [Fr. ; It. popolaccio.] The common peo- 
ple ; the vulgar ; the multitude. Swift. 

POP'U-LA-CV, n. The populace or common people. 

POP^U-LAR, <7. [Fr. jwpulaire j S\). popular j Jj. popularis.] 

1. Pertaining to the common people. 2 . Suitable to com- 
jnon people ; familiar j plain ; easy to be comprehended ; 
not critical or abstruse. 3 . Beloved by the people j enjoy- 
ing the favor of the people ; pleasing to people in general, 
d. Ambitious ; studious of the favor of the people. 5 . 
Prevailing among the people extensively prevalent. — 
(i. In /czc, a popa/ar action is one which gives a penalty 
to the person tiiat sues for the same. 

POP-U-LAR'I-T Y, V. [L. popularitas.] I. Favor of the 
people ; the state of possessing the alfections and confi- 
dence of the people in general. 2 . Representation suited 
to vulgar or common conception ; that which is intended 
or adapted to procure the favor of the people 3 [little used.] 
Bacon. 

POr'LT-LAR-IZE, v. t. To make popular or common 3 to 
spread among the people. Beddoes. 

POP'U-LAR-iZED, pp. Made popular or introduced among 
the people. 

POP'U-LAR-TZ-IXG, ppr. Making popular, or introducing 
among the people. 

POP'U-LAR-LY, adv. 1 . In a popular manner. Drydcn. 

2. According to the conceptions of the common people. 

POP'U-LATE, V. i. [!t. popolare, from L. populus.] To 

breed people 3 to propagate. Bacon. 

POP'U-LATE, V. t. To people 3 to furnish with inhabitants. 

t POP^U-LATE, for populous. 

POP^U-LA-TED, pp. Furnished with inhabitants 3 peopled. 

POP'U-LA-TING, ppr. Peopling. 

POP-U-La'TxON, n. 1 . The act or operation of peopling 
or furnishing with inhabitants 5 multijdication of inhabit- 
ants. 2 . The whole number of people or inhabitants in a 
country. 3 . The state of a country with regard to its 
number of inhabitants, or rather with regard to its num- 
bers compared with their expenses, consumption of goods 
and productions, and earnings. 

t POP-E-LOS'I-TY, 77. Populousness. Brown. 

PORU-LOUS, a. [L. populosus.] Full of inhabitants 3 con- 
taining many inhabitants in proi>ortion to the extent of 
the country. 

POP'U-LOU"S-LY, adv. With many inhabitants in propor- 
tion to the extent of country. 

POP'U-LOUS-NESS, 71 . The state of having many inhab- 
itants in proportion to the extent of country. 

POR'€A-TED, a. [Ij. porca.] Ridged^ formed in ridges. 
Asiat. Res. 

POR'CE-LAIPi, 77. [Sp., Port, porcclana ; Fr. porcelaine.] 

1 . The finest species of earthen ware, originally manu- 
factured in China and Jajjan, but now made in several 
European countries. 2 . The plant called purslain, wfiiich 

SC 6 

POR-CEL-La'NE-OUS, a. [from porcelain.] Pertaining to 
or resembling porcelain. Hatchett. 

POR'CEL-LA-NITE, n. A silicious mineral. 

PoRCH, 77. [Fr. ptrrche.] 1 . In architecture, a kind of ves- 
tibule, supported by columns, at the entrance of temples, 
lialls, churches or other buildings. 2 . A portico 5 a co\^- 
cred w’^alk. 3 . By way of distinction, the porch was a 
public portico in Athens, where Zeno, tlio philosopher, 
taught his disciples. 

POR'CINE, G. [L. porchius.] Pertaining to swine. 

POR'GU-PINE, 77. [It. porco-spinoso ; Sp. pucrco-espiii ; 
Vort. po)-co-espiiiho.] In a quadruped of the genus 

hijstrix. The crested porcupine lias a body covered with 
prickles which are very sharp, and some of them nine or 
ten inches long ; these he can erect at pleasure. 

POR'GC-PINE-FISII, 77. A fish covered with spines. 

PORE, 77. [Fr. pore ,• i?p., It. poro.] J. In anatomy, a mi- 
nute interstice in the skin of an animal, through wdiich 
the perspirable matter pa.sses to the surface or is excreted. 

2. A small spiracle, opening or passage in other sub- 
stances. 

PORE, V. i. [qu. Gr. c 0 opw, c<popaio.] To look with stead}^, 
continued attention or application. Shah. 

PORE, V. t. To examine 3 with on. Jllilton. 

PoREfilLIND, or PUR'BLIND, a. [qu. Gr. niopos.] Near- 
sighted 3 short-sighted. Bacon. 

PoR'ER, 77. One who pores or studies diligently. 

POR'GY, 71. A fish of the gilt-head kind. 

Po'RI-NESS, 77. The state of being pory or having numer- 
ous pores. Wise man. 

Pd'RlSM, 77. [Gr. noparpos.] In ffcomctry, a proposition 
aflirming the possibility of finding such conditions as will 


* See Synopsis. 


render a certain problem indeterminate or capable of in- 
numerable solutions. 

PO-RIS/TIG, I „ . . . , 

PO-RIfc-'TI-E-VL, \ Pertaining to a porisin. 

Po'RITE, 77. ; j)lu. PoRiTEs. A petrified madrepore. 

PORK, 71. [L. porous ; Fr. pore.] The flesh of swine, fresh 
or salted, used for food. 

PoRK'-eAT-ER, 71. One that feeds on swine’s flesh. 
PoRK'ER, n. A liog 5 a pig. [Little used in America.] Pope. 
PoRK'ET, 77. A young hog. Dryden. 

PoRK'LING, 77. A pig. Tusser. 

PO-ROST-TY, 77. The quality or state of having pores or in- 
terstices. Bacon. 

PoPi-'OUS, a. Having interstices in the skin or substance of 
the body 5 having spiracles or passages for fluids. 
PoR'OU^NESS, 77. 1. The quality of having pores 3 poros- 
ity. 2 . The porous parts ; [not authorized^ 
POR-PHY-RITTG, or POR-PHY-Ra'CEOUjS, a. 1 . Per- 
taining to porphyry 3 resembling porphyry. 2 . Contain- 
ing or composed of porphyry. 

PORTHY-RiZE, V. t. To cause to resemble porphyry 3 to 
make spotted in its composition. Cooper. 

PORTHY-RY, 77. [Gr. noptpvpa j L. porphyrites ; Fr. por~ 
phxjre.] A mineral consisting of a homogeneous ground 
with crystals. It is very hard, q,nd susceptible of a fine 
polish. 

POR'PilY-RY-SIIELL, n. An animal orsliell of the genua 

7/tvrex. 

PORTITE, } 77. The hair-button-stone, a small species of 
POR'PI-TES, s fossil coral. 

POll'POtSE, PORTUS, or FORTES^, 77. [It. porco.] In 
zoology, a cetaceous fish, sometimes called the sea-ho/r. 
POR-Ra'CEOUS, a. [L. porraccxis.] Greenish ; resembling 
the leek in color. Wiseman. 

t POR-REC'TION, 77. [L. porrectio.] The act of stretching 
forth. 

PORTIET, 77. [L. porrum ; It. porro, porretta.] A scallion 3 
a leek or small onion. Brown. 

POR'RIDGE, 71. [qu. pottage, by corruption.] A kind of 
food made by boiling meat in water 5 broth. 
POR'RIDGE-POT, 77. The pot in w'hich flesh, or flesh and 
vegetables, are boiled for food. 

PORTIIN-GER, 77. [qu. porrUlge.] 1 . A small metal vessel 
in which children eat porridge or milk. 2 . A head-dress 
in the shape of a porringer, in contempt. 

PORT, 77. [Fr., from L. portus ; Sp. puerto ; It. porto.] 1 . 
A harbor ; a haven 3 any bay, cove, inlet or recess of the 
sea or of a lake, or the mouth of a river, which shijw or 
vessels can enter, and where they can lie safe from injury 
by storms. 2 . [L. porta.] A gate. 3 . An embrasure or 
opening in the side of a ship of war, through which can- 
non are discharged 3 a port-hole. 4 . The lid which shuts 
a port-hole. 5 . Carriage 3 air 5 mien 3 manner of move- 
ment or walk 5 demeanor 3 external appearance. — 6. In 
scameiPs language, the larboard or left side of a ship. 7 . 
A kind of wine made in Portugal, so called from Oporto. 
— Port of the voice, in 7nusic, the faculty cr habit of mak- 
ing the shakes, passages and diminutions. 

PORT,?', t. ]. To cany in form. Jllilton. 2 . To turn cr 
put to the left or larboard side of a ship. 

PoRT'A-BLE, G. [U. portabile.] 1. That may be carried 
by the liand or about the yxirson, on horseback or in a 
traveling vehicle 3 not bulky or heavy 3 that may be easi- 
ly conveyed from place to place with one’s traveling bag- 
gage. 2 . Tliat may be carried from place to place. 3 . 
That may be borne along wfitli one. 4 . Sufferable 3 sup- 
portable 3 [oJ.y.] Shah. 

PriRT'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being portable. 
PoRT/AGE, 77. [Fr.] 1 . The act of carrying. 2 . The 

price of carriage. Fell. 3 . A port-hole 3 [gm775?7gZ.] Shah. 
4 . A carrying-place over land betw'een navigable waters. 
.Jefferson. 

YoWT>AL,,n.[li.portdla; Fr. portail.] 1 . In architecture, 
a little gate, wliere there are tw’o gates of different dimen- 
sions. 2 . A little square corner of a room, separated from 
the rest by a wainscot, and forming a short passage into a 
room. 3 . A kind of arch of joiner’s w’ork before a door. 
4 . A gate ; an opening for entrance, 
t PoRT'ANCE, 77. [from Fr. poiter, to carry.] Air 3 mien ; 

carriage ; port 3 demeanor. Spenser. Shah. 
t PdRT'ASS, 77. A breviary 3 a prayer-book. Spenser. 
t PdRT'A-TIVE, a. [Fr. portatif.] Portable. Chaucer. 
PoRT'-BaR, 77. A bar to secure the ports of a ship in a gale 

of wind. , . , , . 

PoPvT'CHAR-GES, 77. In commerce, charges to which a ship 
or its cargo is subjected in a harbor, as wharfage, &.c, 
PoRT'-€RAY-ON,' 77. A pencil-case. Encyc. 
PdRT-€UL'LIS, ) n. In fortification, an assemblage of tim- 
PoRT'GLUSE, i bers joined across one another, like 
those of a harrow, and each pointed with iron, hung over 
the gateway of a fortified town, to be let down in case of 
surprise, to prevent the entrance of an enemy. 
PdRT-€UL'LTP, V. t To shut; to bar ; to obstruct. 
PdRT-€UL'LISED, a. Having a portcullis. Shenstone. 


MOVE, BOOK, HOVE lU’LL, UNITE.— C'! as K 3 G as J ; as Z ; OH as f?H 3 TH as in this, f Obsolets, 

* '40 


POR 


POS 


Po[lTE, n. The Ottoman court, so called from the gate of 
the sultan’s palace, where justice is administered. 

PoilT'ED, a. 1. Havitig gates j i). 2. Borne 

in a certain or regular order. Jones. 

POll-TEXD', t. [L. 2 ><>rtciido.] To foreshow; to fore- 
token ; to indicate something future by previous signs. 

POU-TEND'El>, pp. Eoresliown ; previously indicated by 
signs. 

POB-TENDTXG, pp?*. Foreshowing. 

t POfl-TEN'SIOA% II. The act of foreshowing. 

POil-TE\T', n. [L. jwrtentiun.] An omen of ill ; any pre- 
vious sign or prodigy indicating the approacli of evil or 
calamily. Dryden. 

POR-TENT'OUri, a. [L. portentosus 1. Ominous ; fore- 
shovviiig ill. 2. Monstrous ; prodigious ; wonderful ; in 
an ill sense. 

PoRT'ER, n. \\i. portiere ; Fr. portier.^ 1. A man that has 
the charge of a door or gate ; a door-keeper. 2. One that 
waits at the door to receive messages. 3. [Fr. partear, 
from porter, to carry.] A carrier ; a person wlio carries or 
conveys burdens for hire. 4. A malt liquor which diifers 
from ale and pale beer in being made witli liigh-diied 
malt. 

PoRT'ER-A6E, ?j. 1. Money charged or paid for the car- 
riage of burdens by a porter. Tvoke. 2. Tlie business of 
a p ater or door keeper. C/iurchiU. 

t PoR'i'^ER-EF, . Coarse; vulgar. Bray. 

PoRT'ESSE. ^ee Poutass. 

PORT FIRE, n. A composition for setting fire to powder, 
&c., frequently used in preference to a match. 

PoRT-Fo'Ll-0, 71. [Fr. purtc-feniUe.] A case of the size of 
a large book, to keep loose papers in. 

f PoRT'blLA VE, 77. [Fr. porter, and W. glaic.l A sword- 
bearer. Ai'isicorth. 

PoRT'JRAVE, PoRT'GREFE, or PoRT'REEVE, 71. [L. 
portus, and G. graf ] Foraerly, the chief magistrate of a 
port or maritime town. 

PoRT'-HoLE, 77. The embrasure of a ship of war. 

PoR'TI-GO, 77,. [It. portLCo ; L. portions.] In arcliitcrture , a 
kind of gallery on the ground, or a piazza encompassed 
with arches supported by columns ; a covered walk. 

PoR'TIOxV, 77. [L. portiu.] 1. In general, a part of any 
thing separated from it. 2. A part, though not actually 
divided, but C{>nsidered by itself. 3. A part assigned ; an 
allotment ; a dividend. 4. The part of an estate given to 
a child or heir, or descending to him by law. 5. A wife’s 
fortune. 

PoR'TION, V. t. 1. To divide ; to parcel ; to allot a share or 
shares. 2. To endow. 

PoR'TIONED, p/7. 1. Divided into shares or parts. 2. En- 
dowed; furnished with a portion. 

PoR'TIOX-ER, n. One who divides or assigns in shares. 

PoR'TIOX-ING, ppr. Dividing; endowing. 

PoR'TION-IST, 77. 1. One who has a certain academical 
allowance or portion. 2. d’iie incumbent of a benefice 
which has more rectors or vicars than one. 

PoRT'LAMD-STOXE, n. A compact sand-stone. 

PoRT'LAST, or PoR'TOISE, v. The gunwale of a ship. 

PoRT'LID, 77. The lid that closes a porthole. 

PoRT'LI-NESS, n. Dignity of mien or of i)crsnnal appear- 
ance, consisting in size and symmetry of body, with dig- 
nified manners and demeanor. 

PoR'l’^LY, a. 1. Grand or dignified in mien ; of a noble ap- 
pearance and carriage. 2. Bulky ; corpulent. 

PoRT'-MAN, 77. [port and 7 / 707 ?.] An inhabitant or burgess, 
\is of a cinque-port. 

PoRT-MAN'TEAU, (port-manRo) 77. [Fr. porte-mantenu. 
It is often pronounced portniantle .] A bag, usually made 
of leather, for carrying apparel and other furniture on 
journeys, particularly on horseback. 

PORT -MOTE, 77. [port, and Sax. mot.] Anciently, a court 
held in a port town. Blackstone. 

PoR'TOISE. See Portlast. 

PoR'TRAIT, 77. [Fr. portrait.] A pictui'e or representation 
of a person, and especially of a face, drawn from the life. 

t PoR'TRAIT, V. t. To portray ; to draw. Spencer. 

PoR'TRAI-TURE, n. [Fr.] A portrait; painted resemblance. 
Mdton._ 

PoR-TRaY', V. t. [Fr. portraire.] 1. To paint or draw the 
likeness of any thijig in colors. 2. To describe in words. 
3. To adorn with pictures. 

PoR-TRaY'ED, (por-trade') pp. Painted or drawn- to the 
life ; described. 

PoR-TRaY'ER, 77. One who paints, draws to the life or 
describes. 

PoR-3’RaY'ING, ppr. Painting or drawing the likeness of; 
describing. 

PoR'TRESS, ) 77 . [from porter.] A female guardian of a 

PoR'TER-ESS, \ gate. Milton. 

PoRT'REVE, 77. [The modern orthography of portgreve, 
which see.] The chief magistrate of a port or maritime 
town. 

PORT'-ROPE, 77. A rope to draw up a portlid. 


See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, U, Y, long.—VAB., FALL, 


I POR'WIG-LE, 77. A tadpole ; a young frog. Brown. 

PoR'Y, a. Full of pores or small ii7tei‘stices. 

PO.SE, 77. In heraldry, a lion, horse or other beast standing 
still, with all his feet on the ground. 

I POSE, 77. [Sax. gepose.] A stulhng of the head ; catarrh. 
Chaucer. 

POSE, V. t. [\Y. posiaw : Fr. poser.] 1. To puzzle, [a word 
of the same origin ;] to set ; to put to a stand or stop ; to 
gravel. 2. To puzzle or put to a stand by asking diilicult 
questions ; to set by questions ; hence, to int(inogute 
closely, or with a view to scrutiny. 

Posed, pp. Puzzled ; put to a stand ; interrogated closely. 

PoS'ER, 77. One that puzzles by asking dilhcult questions ; 
a close examiner. 

PoS IXu, 2 >pr. Puzzling; putting to a stand; questioning 
closely. 

POS'l-TED, fl. [L. positus.] Put; set; placed. 

PO-Si 'TlON, 77. [L. positio.] 1. Ftate of being placed; sit- 
uation ; often with reference to other objects, or ti> dilfer- 
ent parts of the same object. 2. Manner of slatiding or 
being placed ; attitude. 3. Principle laid di)wn ; propi>si- 
tion advanced or aliirmed as a fixed princijjle, or .stated as 
the ground of reasoning, or to be proved. 4. 'I lie advance- 
mcjit of atiy principle. 5. State ; conditioji. — b. in gram- 
mar, the state of a vowel placed between two consonants. 

t PO-SI' TIOx\-AL, a. Respecting position. Brown. 

PO.? I-TIVE, a. [it. positieo ; Fr. positif ; Low L. posi- 
tions.] J. Properly, set; laid down; expressed; direct; 
explicit. 2. Absolute; express; not admitting any con- 
dition or discretion. 3. Absolute ; real ; existing in fact ; 
opposed to negative. 4. Direct ; express ; ojiposed to 
circnnistantial. 5. Confident; fully assured, li. Dog- 
matic ; over-confident in opinion or assertion. 7. Settled 
by arbitrary appointment. Hooker. 8. Having povvwr to 
act directly. 

POS'1-TIV’’E, 77. ]. What is capable of being affirmed ; re- 
ality. 2. That wdiich settles by absolute appointment. — 
3. In grammar, a word that affirms or asserts existence. 

POS'I-TIVE-LY, adv. 1. Absolutely ; by itself, independent 
of any thing else ; not comparatively. 2. JNot negative- 
ly ; really; in its own nature; directly; inherently. 

3. Certainly; indubitably. 4. Directly; explicitly; ex- 
l>ressly. 5. Peremptorily ; in strong terms U. With full 
confidence or assurance. 

POS't-Ti VE-NESS, 77. 1 . Actualness; reality of existence ; 
not mere negation. 2. Undoubting assurance; full confi- 
dence ; peremptorine.ss. 

t POS-I-TIVT-TY, 77 . Peremptoriness. Watts. 

fPOS'I-TURE, foe posture. Sec Posture. 

POS'YET, 77 . [W. posned,] A little basin; a porringer, 
skillet or sa7ice-pan. Owen. 

POS-O-LOG'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to posology. 

PO-SOL'O-GY, 77. [Gr. ttocto? and Xoyo?.] In medicine, the 
science or doctrine of doses. Amcr. Dispensatory. 

PO.S'PO-LITE, 77. A kind of militia in Poland. 

POSS, V. t. To dash violently in water ; as, to poss clothes. 

POSS, 77. 1. A water-fall. Craven dialect. 2. Apo55-tub. 

POS'SE €OM-I-Ta'TUS, 1. In law, the power of the 
country, or the citizens, who are summoned to assist an 
officer i7i suppressing a riot, or executing any legal pre- 
cept which is forcibly opposed. The word comitatus is 
often omitted, and po.sse alone is used in the same sense. 
Blackstone. — 2. In low language, a number or crowd of 
people ; a rabble. 

POS-EESS', u. t. [L. possessus, possideo.] 1. To have the 
just and legal title, ownership or property of a thing ; to 
own ; to hold the title of, as the rightful proprietor, or to 
hold both the title and the tiling. 2. To hold ; to occupy 
without title or ownership. 3. To have ; to occupy. 

4. To seize ; to gain ; to obtain the occupation of. 5. To 
have power over, as an invisible agent or spirit. Luke, 
viii. 6. To affect by some power. — To possess of, or with, 
more properly to possess of, is to give possession, com- 
mand or occupancy. — To possess one^s self of, to take or 
gain possession or command ; to make one’s self master 
of. — To possess with, to furnish or fill with something 
permanent ; or to be retained. Addison. 

* POS-SESS'ED, (pos-sest') pp. Held by lawful title ; occu- 
pied ; enjoyed ; affected by demons or invisible agents. 

* POS-SESS'ING, ppr. Having or holding by absolute right 
or title ; occupying ; enjoying. 

* POS-SES'SION, 77. l.The having, holding or detention of 
property in one’s power or command ; actual seizin or 
occupancy. 2. The thing possessed ; land, estate or goods 
owned. 3. Any thing valuable possessed or enjoyed. 
4. The state of being under the power of demons or in- 
visible beings; madness; lunacy. — Writ of possession, a 
precept directing a sheriff to put a person in peaceable 
possession of property recovered in ejectment. — To take 
possession, to enter on, or to bring within one’s power 
or occ7ipancy. — To give possession, to put in another’s 
power or occupancy. 

* t POS-SES'SIOX, V. t. To invest with property. Carew. 


fll.VT TRilY TIX, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


?os 


G27 


PCS 


*POS-SES'SION-ER,«. One that has possession of a thing, 
or power over it. \_Little used.~\ Sidney. 

♦FOS-SESS'IVE, a. [L. Pertaining to posses- 

sion j liaving possession. — Possessive case, in English 
grammar, is the genitive case, or case which expresses 
possession. 

* POS-SESS'Oll, 11 . 1. An occupant ; one that has possession. 
2. One fiiat has, holds or enjoys any good or other thing. 

* POS-SESS'O-RY, a. Having possession. Hoicel. — Possesso- 
ry action, in law, an action or suit in which the right of 
possession only, and not that of property, is contested. 

POS'SET, n. [W. posel.'] Milk curdled with wine or other 
liquor. Dryden. 

POS'SE'P, V. t. To curdle ; to turn. Shah. 

POS-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. [Fr. possibilite.] The power of being 
or existing j the power of happening j the state of being 
possible. 

POS'SI-BLE, a. [Fr. ; It. possibile ; L. possibilis.] That 
may be or exist ; that may be now, or may happen or 
come to pass ; that may be done ; not contrary to the na- 
ture of things. 

POS'SI-BLY, adv. 1. By any power, moral or physical, 
really existing. 2. Perhaps ; without absurdity. 

t Post, a. [from Fr. aposter.] Suborned ; hired to do what 
is wrong. Sandys. 

Post, ??. [VV. pdst ; D., Dan., Sw. post ; Fr. postc.] 1. A 
piece of timber set upright, usually larger than a stake, 
and intended to support something else. 2. A military 
station ; the place where a single soldier or a body of 
troops is stationed. 3. The troops stationed in a particu- 
lar place, or the ground they occupy. 4. A public office 
or employment, that is, a fixed place or station. 5. A 
messenger or a carrier of letters and papers. 6. A seat or 
situation. 7. A sort of writing-paper, such as is used for 
letters; letter-paper. 8. An old game at cards. — To rids 
post, to be employed tu carry dispatches and papers. — 
Knight of the post, a fellow suborned or hired to do a bad 
action. 

Post, v. i. [Fr. poster.] To travel with speed. 

Post, V. t. 1. To fix to a post. 2. To expose to public re- 
proach by fixing the name to a post ; to expose to oppro- 
brium by some public action. 3. To advertise on a post 
or in a public place. Laics of K'ew England. 4. To set ; 
to place ; to station. — 5. In book-keeping, to carry accounts 
from the waste-book or journal to the ledger. — To post off, 
to put off ; to delay ; [ois.] Shak. 

Post, a Latin preposition, signifying after. It is used in 
tins sense in composition in many English words. 

t PoST'A-BLE, a. That may be carried. Mountaguc. 

PoST'AGE, 71. 1. The price established by law to be paid 
for the conveyance of a letter in a public mail. 2. A port- 
age ; [o6s.] Smollet. 

PoST'BOY,_ n. A boy that rides as post ; a courier. Tatler. 

PoST'-C H aI.se, n. [See Chaise.] A carriage with four 
wheels for the conveyance of travelers. 

PoST'DATE, V. t. [L. post and date.] To date after the 
real time. 

PoST-DI-LO^VI-AL, } a. [L. post and diluvium.] Being or 

PoST-DI-Lu'VI-AN, ^ happening posterior to the flood 
in Noah’s days. 

PoST-DI-Lu'VI-AN, 71. A person who lived after the flood, 
or who has lived since that event. Grew. 

PoST-DIS-SeI'ZIN, n. A subsequent disseizin. 

PoST-DIS-SePZOR, 11 . A person who disseizes another of 
lands which he had before recovered of the same person. 
Blackstone. 

PoST'E-A, 71. [L.] The record of what is done in a cause 
subsequent to the joining of issue and awarding of trial. 
Blackstone. 

PoST'ED, pp. 1. Placed ; stationed. 2. Exposed on a post 
or by public notice. 3. Carried to a ledger, as accounts. 

PoST'ER, n. One who posts; also, a courier; one that 
travej^s expeditiously. 

P03-Te'RI-0R, a. [L. ; Fr. posterie.nr.] 1. Later or subse- 
quent in time. 2. Later in the order of proceeding or 
moving ; coming after. 

POS-TE-RI-OR'I-TY, 7i. [Fr. posteriorit6.] The state of be- 
ing later or subsequent. Hale. 

POS-Te'RI-ORS, n. plu. The hinder parts of an animal 
body. Swift. 

POS-TER'I-TY, V. [Fr. posterity ,* L. posteritas.] 1. De- 
scendants ; children, children’s children, &c. indefinitely ; 
the race that proceeds from a progenitor. — 2. In a general 
sense, succeeding generations. Pope. 

PoS'TERN, 71. [Yr.pdterne.] 1. Primarily, a back door or 
gate ; a private entrance ; hence, any small door or gate. 
Dryden . — 2. In fortification, a small gate, usually in the 
angle of the flank of a bastion. 

PoS'TERN, a. Back ; being behind ; private. Dryden. 

PoST-EX-IST'ENCE, n. Subsequent existence. 

PoST'-FACT, n. That which represents or relates to a fact 
that has occurred. 

PoST'-FiNE, 11 . In English law, a fine due to the king by 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BIJLL, DNITE.-- 


prerogative, after a licentia concordandi given in a fine of 
jands and tenements. Blackstone. 

PoST'FIX, 11 . [L. post, and^x.j In grammar, a letter, syl- 
lable or word added to the end of another word ; a suffix. 
Parkhurst. * 

PoST'FIX, V. t. To add or annex a letter, syllable or word, 
to the end of another or principal word. 

PoST-FIX'ED, (p6st-fixP) pp. Added to the end of a word. 

PoST-FIX'ING, ppr. Adding to the end of a word. 

POST-HACK'NEY, n. A hired posthorse. 

PoST'-HaSTE, 11 . Haste or speed in traveling, like that of 
a post or courier. Shak. 

POST'-HaSTE, adv. With speed or expedition. 

PoST'-HORSE, 11 . A horse stationed for the use of couriers, 

PoST'-HOUSE, 7?. A house where a post-office is kept for 
receiving and dispatching letters by public mails ; a post- 
oflice. 

t POST'HUME, a. Posthumous. Watts. 

^ POST'HU-MOUS, a. [^E.post and humus.] 1. Born after 
the death of the father, or taken from the dead body of the 
mother. 2. Published after the death of the author. 3. 
Being after one’s decease. 

* POSTaiU-MOUS-LY, adv. After one’s decease. 

t PoST'IG, fl. [li. posticus.] Backw’ard. Brown. 

POS'TIL, 11 . [It. postilla.] A marginal note. 

POS'TIL, V. t. [It. postillare.] To write marginal notes j 
to gloss ; to illustrate with marginal notes. Bacon. 

POS'TIL, V. i. To comment ; to make illustrations. Skelton. 

POS'l’IIi-ER, n. One who writes marginal notes ; one who 
illustrates the text of a book by notes in the margin. 
PoS-TILL'ION, (pos-til'yun) ii. [Fr. postilion.] One that 
rides and guides the first pair of horses in a coach or other 
rarriage ; also, one that rides one of the horses. 

PoST'ING, ppr. 1. Setting up on a post ; exposing the name 
or character to reproach by public advertisement. 2. Plac- 
ing ; statibning. 3. Transferring accounts to a ledger. 

PoST-LI-MIN'I-AR, I a. Contrived, done or existing sub- 

PoST-LI-MIN'I-OUS, \ sequently. 

PoST-LI-MIN'I-UM, 1 71. [L. post and Zmen.] Postlimini- 

PoST-LIM'I-NY, ) urn, among the Homans, was the 
return of a person to his own country who had gone to 
sojourn in a foreign country. — In the modern law of na- 
tions, the right of postliminy is that by virtue of which 
persons and things, taken by an enemy in war, are restor- 
ed to their former state, when coming again under tho 
jiower of the nation to which they belonged. 

PoST'MAN, 11 . A pc»st or courier ; a letter-carrier. 

PoST'MARK, n. The mark or stamp of a post-office on a 
letter. 

PoST'MAS-TER, n. The officer who has the superintend- 
ence and direction of a post-office. — Postmaster-general 
is the chief officer of the post-office department. 

PoST-ME-RID'I-AN, a. [~L. postmeridianus.] Being or be- 
longing to the afternoon. Bacon. 

PoST'NATE,fl. [L. post and 7iatM5.] Subsequent. [L.u.] 
Taylor. 

PoST'-NOTE, 11 . [post and note.] In commerce, a bank- 
note intended to be transmitted to a distant place by the 
public mail, and made payable to order. 

PoST-NUP'TIAL, a. Being or happening after marriage, 
Kent. 

PoST'-OF-FICE, 71. An office or house where letters are re- 
ceived for delivery and for transmission ; a post-house. 

PoST'-PaID, a. Plaving the postage paid on ; as a letter. 

PoST-PoNE', V. t. [L. postpono.] 1. To put off; to defer 
to a future or later time ; to delay. 2. To set below some- 
thing else in value or importance. 

PoST-PoN'ED, (post-pond') pp. Delayed; deferred to a fu- 
ture time ; set below in value. 

PoST-PoNE'MENT, n. The act of deferring to a future 
time ; temporary delay of business. T. Pickering. 

t PoST-PO'NENCE, 11 . Dislike. Johnson. 

PoST-PoN'ER, 71. One who delays or puts off. Paley. 

PoST-PoN'lNG, ppr. Deferring to a future time. 

PoST-PO-Si"TION, 71. [post and position.] The state of be- 
ing put back or out of the regular place. JJedc. 

PoST-RE-MoTE', a. [post and remote.] More remote in 
subsequent time or order. Darwin. 

POST'SCRIPT, 11 . [L. post and scriptum.] A paragraph 
added to a letter after it is concluded and signed by the 
writer ; or any addition made to a book or composition af- 
ter it had been supposed to be finished. Addison. 

PoST'-TOWN, 71. 1. A town in which a post-office is estab- 
lished. 2. A town in which post-horses are kept. 

POST'U-LANT, 11 . One who makes demand. 

POST'U-LATE, 71. [h. postulatum.] A position or supposi- 
tion assumed without proof, or one which is considered as 
self-evident, or too plain to require illustration. 

POST'U-LATE, v.t. 1. To beg or assume without proof; 
[little Msed,] Brown. 2. To invite ; to solicit ; to require 
by entreaty. Burnet. 3. To assume ; to take without 
positive consent. Tooke. 

POST-U-LA'TION, n. [L. postulatio.] 1. The act of sup- 


O aa K ; G as J ; i* as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


POT 


628 


POU 


posing witJiout proof j gratuitous assumption. 2. Suppli- 
cation ; intercession j also, suit j cause. 
rO.sT'tJ-LA-TO-R V, a. I. Assuming without proof. 2. 

Assumed without proof. Broicv. « 

POST-U-La TUM, ?i. [L.] A postulate. Addison. 
POST'UllE, n. [Fr. ; L. j)ositura.'\ 1. In painting and sculp- 
ture^ attitude ; the situation of a figure witli regard to the 
eye, and of the several principal members with regard to 
each other, bt" which action is expressed. 2. Situation ; 
condition ; particular state with regard to something else. 
3. Situation of the body. 4. State ; condition. 5. The 
situation or disposition of the several parts of the body 
with respect to each other, or with respect to a particular 
purpose. 6. Dispositio)i ; frame. 

V. t. To place in a particular manner j to dis- 
pose the parts of a body for a particular purpose. 
POST'EllF-MAS'TER, n. One that teaches or practices ar- 
tificial 4)ostures of the body. Spectator. 

PC'SY, n. [qu. poesv.] 1. A motto inscribed on a ring, &c. 

AdMson. 2. A bunch of flowers. Spenser. 

POT, «. [Fr. pot ; Ir. pota ,• Sw. potta ; Dan. potte : W. pot.] 
J. A vessel more deep than broad, made of earth, or iron 
or other metal, used for several domestic purposes. 2. A 
sort of paper of small-sized sheets. — 7'o go to pot, to be de- 
stroyed, mined, wasted or expended ; [a I oio phrase.] 
POT, r. t. 1. To preserve seasoned in pots. 2. To inclose 
or cover in pots of earth. 3. To put in casks for draining. 
PO'TA-RLE, a. [Fr. ; Low L. Drinkable 3 that 

may be drank. Milton. 

PC) TA-BLE, n. Something that may be drank. 
Po'TA-BLE-XESS, n. The quality of being drinkable. 
POTh\OiE, 7?. [Fr. ; It. potaggio.] A species of food made 
of meat boiled to softness in water, usually with some 
vegetables. 

POT'A-GER, n. [from potage .] A porringer. Grew. 
PO-TAG'RO, or PO-TaR'GO, n. A kind of pickle imported 
from the West Indies. King. 

PO'TAXCE, 71. With watchmakers, the stud in which the 
lower pivot of the verge is placed. Scott. 

POTASH, 7J. [pot and ashes; D.potasch; Dan. potaske : 
Fr. potasse.] The popular name of vegetable fixed alkali 
in an impure state, procured from the ashes of plants by 
lixiviation and evaporation. 

PO-TAS'SA, n. The scientific name of potash. 
PO-TAS'SI-LT.M, 71. A name given to the metallic basis of 
vegetable alkali or potash. 

PO-Ta'TIOX, 77. [L. potatio.] 1. A drinking or drinking 
bout. 2. A draught. 3. A species of drink. j 

PO-Ta'TO, n. [Ind. batatas.] A plant and esculent root of • 
the genus solaniun, a native of America. 1 

PO'D-BELr-LTED, a. Having a prominent bell3'. | 

POT'-BEL-LY, 7J. A protuberant bell}’. I 

I POTCII, 11 . t. [Fr. pochcr ; Eng. to poZrr.] 1. To thrust ; ' 
to push. Shak. 2. To poach ; to boil sliglitly. Wiseman. , 
POTCH, r. i. [Fr. pocher.] To push ; to thrust. Skak. 
POT-€OM-PAX'HOX, 71. A companion in drinking. 

POT'- HOUSE, V. An ale-house. Warton. | 

PoTE'LOT, 77. The sulphuret of molybden. j 

Po'TEXCE, n. In heraldry, a cross, whose ends resemble 
^he head of a crutch. Encyc. 

Po'TEX'-CY, 7?. [L. potentic.] 1. Power; physical power, 
energy or efiicacy ; strength. 2. Moral power ; influence ; 
authority. 

PO'TEXT, a. [D. potens.] 1. Powerful ; physically strong ; 
forcible ; efficacious. 2. Powerful, in a rnoi'cl sense ; hav- 
ijig great influence. 3. Having great authority, control or 
dominion. 

f Po'TEXT, n. 1. A prince ; a potentate. Shak. 2. A 
walking staff or crutch. Chaucer. 
t Po'TEX-TA-CY, 77. Sovereignly. Barrow. 

Po TE.V-TATE, 77. [Fr. potentai ; \l. potentato.] A person 
who possesses great power or sway ; a prince ; a sove- 
reign ; an emperor, king or monarch. 
rO-'I’EX'TIAL, a. [L. potentialis .] 1. Having power to 

impress on us the ideas of certain qualities, though the ; 
qualities are not inherent in the thing. 2. Existing in ; 
I>oss:bility, not in act. 3. Efficacious : powerful ; [oZ»s.] | 
— Potential viodc, in grammar, is that form of the verb ' 
which is used to express the power, possibility, liberty or i 
necessity of an action or of being. * i 

PO-TEX'TIAL, V. Any thing that may be possible. { 

PO-TEiN-TL‘\L'I-TY, n. Possibility ; not actuality. Taylor. I 
PO-TEX'TIAIj-LY, adv. 1. In possibility ; not in act ; not 
positively. 2. In efficacy, not in actuality. 

P6'TEXT-LY", adc. Powerfully ; with great force or en- 
ergy. 

Po'TEXT-XES.S, 71. Powerfulness ; strength ; might. [Little 
uscd.^ 

t Pd'TES-TA-TiVE, a. [Iv. potestas.] Authoritative, 
t POT'GUN, for popgun. Swift. 

POT'-HAX"G-ER, n. [pot and hanger.] A pot-hook. 
POTH'E-€A-RY. Contracted from apothecary, and very 
vulgar. 

*POTH'ER, 71. [This word is vulgarly pronounced bother.] 


1. Bustle; confusion; tumult; flutter; [Zott.] Swift. 2. 
A suflbeating cloud. Drayton. 

* POTH'ER, V. i. To make a olustering, ineffectual effort ; to 
make a stir. 

* POTH'ER, V. t. To harass and perplex ; to puzzle. 
POT'HERB, (pot'erb) n. An lierb for the pot or for cookery ; 

a culinary plant. Arbuthnot. 

POT'-HOOK, 77. 1. A hook on which pots and kettles are 
hung over the fire. 2. A letter or character like a pot- 
hook ; a scrawled letter. 

Po'TIOX, n. [Fr. ; D.potio.] A draught ; wsueZZy, a liquid 
medicine ; a dose. Milton. 

POT'LID, n. Tlie lid or cover of a pot. Derham. 
POT'-MAX, 71. A pot companion. ' 

POT'SHARE, ) 11 . [p<7*, and Fax. sceard : D. potscherf.] A 
POT'SHERD, ) piece or fragment of a broken pot. Job ii. 
POT'STOXE, 77. A mineral ; a variety of steatite. 
P0T'TAGE,77. Broth ; soup. See Fotage. 

POT'TED, pp. Preserved or drained in a pot or cask. 
POT'TER, 77. One whose (jccupation is to make earthen 
vessels. Dryden. 

POT'TER, V. t. 1. To poke ; to push ; as, to potter the fire. 

J^'orth of England. 2. To pother ; todistuib ; to confouiTd. 
POT'TERX-ORE, 77. A species of ore. Hoyle. 

POT'TER-Y, 77. [Fr. poterie.] J. The vessels or ware made 
by pottei-s ; earthen ware. 2. The place where earthen 
vessels are manufactured. 

POT'd’lXG, n. 1. Drinking ; tippling. — 2. In the West Indies, 
the process of putting sugar in casks for draining. 
POT'TIXG, pp?-. Preserving in a pot; draining, as above; 
drinking. 

POT'TLE, 71. [\Y.potel.] 1. A liquid measure cf four pints. 

2. A vessel ; a pot or tankard. 

fPOT'U-LEXT, a. [L. potulentus.] 1. Pretty much in 
drink. Diet. 2. Fit to drink. 

POT-VAL'IAXT, a. [pot and valiant.] Courageous over 
the cup ; heated to valor by strong drink. 

POUCH, 77. [Fr. poche.] 1. A small bag ; usually, a leath- 
ern bag to be carried in the pocket. 2. A protuberant 
belly. 3. The bag or sack of a fowl, as that of the 
pelican. 

POUCH, 7;. t. I. To pocket ; to save. 2. To swallow ; used 
of fowls, whose crop is called, in French, p£7cAe. 3. To 
pout ; [yfts.] 

t POUCFl'-MOUTHED, a. Blubber-lipped. Ainsworth. 
t PoUL'-Da-VIS, 77. A sort of sail-cloth. Ainsworth. 
POULE. See Pool. 

t PoULT, 71. [Fr, poulet.] A voung chicken. [Little used.] 
PoUL'TER-ER, or PoUL'TER, 7?. [Norm, poltaire.] 1. One 
who makes it his business to sell fowls for the table. 2. 
Formerly, in England, an officer of the king’s household, 
who had the charge of the poultry. 

PoUL'TiCE, 77. [\i. polta ; D. puls,pultis.] A cataplasm ; 

a soft composition to be applied to sores. 

PoUL'TiCE, V. t. To apply a cataplasm to. 
fPoUL'TIVE, for poultice. Temple. 

PoUL'TRY, 77. [from Fr. poule, poulet.] Domestic fowls 
which are propagated and fed for the table. 
P6 IJL'’]’RY-YaRD, 77. A yard or place where fowls are 
kept for the use of the table. 

POIJXCE, (pouns) 77. [Fr. pierr e-ponce.] 1 . Gum-sandarach 
I)ulverized. 2. Charcoal dust inclosed. Cyc. 3. Cloth 
worked in eyelet-holes. Todd. 

POUX^CE, V. t. To sprinkle or mb with pounce. 

POUXCE, 77. The claw or talon of a bird of prey. 

POUXCE, V. t. To fall on suddenly ; to fall on and seize 
with the claws. 

POUXCE'-BOX, I 77. A small box with a perforated lid, 
POUX'CET-BOX, \ used for sprinkling pounce on paper. 
POUXCED, pp. Furnished with claws or talons. 

POUXD, 77. [Fax., Goth., Sw., Dan. pund ; D. pond.] 1 . A 
standard vveight consisting of twelve ounces troy or six- 
teen ounces avoirdupois. 2. A money of account consist- 
ing of twenty shillings, the value of which is different in 
different countries. The pound sterling is equivalent to 
$4 44. 44 cts. money of the United States. 

POUXD, 77. [Sax. pyndan, pindan.] An inclosure erected by 
authority, in which cattle or other beasts are confined 
when taken in trespassing, or going at large in violation 
of law ; a pin-fold. 

POUX'D, V. t. To confine in a public pound. 

POUXD, v.t. [Sax. p 7777777/7 J 1. To beat; to strike with 
some lieavy instrument. Dryden. 2. I’o cojnminute and 
pulverize by beating. 

POUXD' AGE, 77. 1. A sum deducted from a pound, or a cer- 
tain sum paid for each pound. Swift . — 2. In i^77gZfl77d, a 
subsidy of 127Z. in the pound, granted to the crown on all 
goods exported or imported. 

POUXD'BReACH, 77. The breaking of a public pound for 
releasing beasts confined in it. Blackstove, 

POUXD'ED, pp. 1. Beaten or bruised with a heavy instni- 
ment ; pulverized or broken bj' pounding. 2. Confined 
in a pound ; impounded. 

POUXD'ER, 77. 1. A pestle; the instrument of ponnding. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, T, T), C, Y 


long.- 


-FAR, FALL, VrUAT PRF.Y ;— PIX, MARIXE, BIRD;— ^Obsolete. 


POW 


629 


PRA 


2. A person or thing denominated from a certain number 
of pounds. 3. A large pear. 

POUiVD FOOL'ISH. The phrase penny wise and pound 
foolish signifies negligent in the care of large sums, but 
careful to save small sums. 

POUND'IJVG, ppr. Beating j bruising j pulverizing ; im- 
pounding. 

p 6 UP'E-TON, n. [Fr. poupcc.'] A puppet or little baby. 
P5U'PI€S, 74 . Veal steaks and slices of bacon. 

OCJ'PiES, 74 . In cookery, a mess of victuals made of veal 
steaks and slices of bacon. Bailey. 

^PoUR, (pore) v. t. [VV. hwric.'] *^1. To throw, as a fluid 
in a stream, either out of a vessel or into it. 2. To emit ; 
to send forth in a stream or continued succession. 3. To 
send forth. 4. To throw in profusion or with overwhelm- 
ing force. 

* PoUR, 7’. i. 1. To flow ; to issue forth in a stream, or con- 
tinued succession of parts ; to move or rush, as a current. 

2. To rush in a crowd or continued procession. 

^ Poured, pp. Sent forth j throv/n, as a fluid. 

* PoUR'ER, 74 . One that pours. 

"^PoUR'IXG, ypr. Sending, as a fluid j driving in a current 
or continued stream. 

PoUR'LIEU. .See Purlieu. 

POUR-PREST'URE, n. [Fr. pour and jirw.] In law, a 
wrongful inclosure or encroachment on another’s property. 

PoUR'SUI-VANT. See Pursuivant. 

POUR-VEY'ANCE. See Purveyance. 

POUSSE, corrupted fmm pulse, peas. Spenser. 

POUT, V. 1. A fish of the genus gadus. 2. A bird. Carcw. 

3. A fit of sullenness ; [^colloquial. 

POUT, r. 7 . [Fr. houdcr.'\ 1. To thrust out the lips, as in 
sullenness, contempt or displeasure j hence, to look sullen. 
Shah. 2. To shoot out ; to be prominent. Drydcn. 

POUT ING, ppr. 1. Shooting out, as the lips. 2. Looking 
sullen. 

POV'ER-TY, 74 . [Norm. po? 4 ert 4 ; Yr. pauvretc i It. paver td ; 
L. pavpertas.l 1. Destitution of property ; indigence ; 
want of convenient means of subsistence. 2. Barrenness 
of sentiment or ornament j defect. 3. Want j defect of 
words. 

POW'DER, 74 . [Fr. poudre.'\ 1. Any dry substance com- 
posed of minute particles. 2. A composition of saltpe- 
tre, sulphur and charcoal, mixed and granulated 3 gun- 
powder. 3. Hair-powder ; pulverized starch. 

POW'DER, r.t. 1. To reduce to fine particles; to commi- 
nute; to pulverize ; to triturate; to pound, grind or rub 
into fine particles. 2. To sprinkle with powder. 3. To 
sprinkle with salt ; to corn ; as meat. 

t PO'WDER, 4. To come violently. L' Estrange. 

POW DER-BOX, 74. A box in which hair-powder is kept. 
Gay. 

POW'DER-€aRT, 74. A cart that carries powder and shot 
for artillery. 

POW DER-CIIEST, 74. A small box or case charged with 
powder, old nails, &c. fastened to the side of a ship, to be 
discharged at an enemy attempting to board. 

POW'DERED, pp. Reduced to powder; sprinkled with 
powder; corned; salted. 

POVV'DER-FLaSK, 74. A flask in which gunpowder is 
carried. 

POVV'DER-HORN, 74. A horn in which gunpowder is car- 
ried by sportsmen. Swift. 

POW DER-ING, ppr. Pulverizing ; sprinkling with powder ; 
corning ; salting. 

P 0 W'DER-ING-TUB, 74 . 1. A tub or vessel in which meat 
is corned or salted. 2. The place where an infected lecher 
is cured. 

POW'DER-]\trLL, 74. A mill in which gunpowder is made. 

POW'DER-MTNE, 74. A cavern in which powder is to be 
placed, so as to be fired at a proper time. Rowley. 

POW'DER-ROOM, 74. The apartment in a ship where gun- 
powder is kept. Waller. 

PO'W'DER-Y, a. 1. Friable; easily crumbling to pieces. 2. 
Dusty; sprinkled with powder. 3. Resembling powder. 

POVV'DTKE, 74. A marsh or fen dike. [Local.'] 

POW'ER, 74. [Fr. pouvoir; 'Norm, povare.] 1. In a philo- 
sophical sense, the faculty of doing or performi ng any thing ; 
the faculty of moving or of producing a change in some- 
thing ; ability or strength. 2. Force ; animal strength. 3. 
Force ; strength ; energy. 4. Faculty of the mind, as 
manifested by a particular mode of operation. 5. Ability ; 
natural or moral. — 6. In mechanics, that which produces 
motion or force, or which may be applied to produce it. 
7. Force. 8. That quality, in any natural body, which pro- 
duces a change or makes an impression on another body. 
9. Force ; strength ; momentum. 10. Influence ; that 
which may move the mind. 11. Command ; the right of 
governing, or actual government ; dominion ; rule ; sway ; 
authority. 12. A sovereign, wliether emperor, king or 
governing prince, or the legislature of a state. 13. One 
invested with authority ; a ruler ; a civil magistrate. Rom. 
xiii. 14. Divinity ; a celestial or invisible being or agent 
supposed to have dominion over some part of creation. 


15. That which lias physical power; an army; a navy ; 
a host ; a military force. 16. Legal authority ; warrant. — 
17. In arithmetic and algelra, the product arising from the 
multiplication of a number or quantity into itself; as, a 
cube is the third poicci*. — 18. In Scripture, right ; privilege. 
.John i. 19. Angels, good or bad. Col. i. 20. Violence ; 
force ; compulsion. Ezek. iv. 21. Christ is called the 
Power of God. 1 Cor. i. — 22. The jwwers of heaven may 
denote the celestial luminaries. Matt. xxiv. 23. Satan 
is said to have the power oj death. — ^24. In vulgar lan- 
guage, a large quantity ; a great \mn\her.— Power of ettur- 
vey, authority given to a person to act for another. 

t PO\Y'ER-A-BLE, a. Capable of performing any thing. 

POW'ER-FUL, a. 1. Having great physical or mechanical 
power ; strong ; forcible ; mighty. 2. Having great moral 
power; forcible to persuade or convince the mind. 3. 
Possessing great political and military povrer; strong in 
extent of dominion or national resources ; potent. 4. Effi- 
cacious ; possessing or exerting great force, or producing 
great effects. — 5. In general, able to produce great efiects ; 
exerting great force or energy. 6. 8trong ; intense. 

POW'ER-Fl. L LY, adv. With g.’‘eat force or energy ; po- 
tently ; mightily ; with great effect ; forcibly. 

POW'ER-F(iL-N£SS, n. i'he quality of having or exerting 
great power; force: power; might. Hakewill. 

POW'ER-LEf^S, a. Destitute of power ; weak ; impotent. 

POW'ER-LOCM, 74 . A loom moved by mechanical power. 

POWL'DRON, 74. [qji. Fr. epaide.] In heraldry, that part 
of armor which covers the shoulders. 

POW'TER, or POU'TER, n. A variety of the common do- 
mestic pigeon, with an inflated breast. 

POX, 74 . [a corruption of pocks ; 8ax. poc, or pace ; D. pck. 
It is properly a plural word, but by usage is svientlar.] 
Strictly, jiustules or eruptions of any kind, but chiefly or 
wholly restricted to three or four diseases, the small-pox, 
chicken-pox, the vaccine and the venereal diseases. Pox, 
when used without an epithet, signifies the latter, lues 
venerea. 

POY, 74 . [Sp. apoyo.] A rope-dancer’s pole. 

POZE, for pose, to puzzle. See Pose. 

t PRAG'TIU, was formerly used for practical, and Spenser 
uses it in the sense of artful, sly. 

PRxY€-TI-€A-BILT-TY,* ( n. I'he equality or state of be- 

PRA0'TI-€A-BLE-NESS, ) ing practicable ; feasibility. 

PRAG TI-UA-BLE, <4. [Fr. praticable ; it. praticahile ; 8p. 
practicable.] 1. That may be done, effected or performed 
by human means, or by powers that can be applied. It 
is sometimes synonymous with possible, but the words 
differ in this : possible is applied to that which might be 
performed, if the necessary powers or means could be ob- 
tained ; practicable is limited in its application to things 
which are to be performed by the means given, or wliicli 
may be applied. It wns possible for Archimedes to lift 
the world, but it was not practicable. 2. That may be 
practiced. 3. That admits of use, or that may be passed 
or trav'eled. In military affairs, a practicable breach is one 
tliat can be entered by troops. 

PRA€'TI-€A-BLY, adv. In such a manner as may be per- 
formed. Rogers. 

PRAG'TI-GAL, a. [L. practicus ; It. pratico ; Fr. py-atique.] 

1. Pertaining to practice or action. 2. Capable of prac- 
tice or active use ; opposed to speculative. South. 3. That 
may be used in practice ; that may be applied to use. 4. 
That reduces his knowledge or theories to actual use. 5. 
Derived from practice or experience. 

PRAG'TI-€AL-LY, adv. 1. In relation to practice. 2. By 
means of practice or use ; by experiment. 3. In practice 
or use. 

PRAG'TI-€AL-NESS, n. The quality of being practical. 

PRAC TICE, 74 . [Sp. practica ; It. pratica ; Fr. pratique.] ]. 
Frequent or customary actions ; a succession of acts of a 
similar kind or in a like employment. 2. Use ; custom- 
ary use. 3. Dexterity acquired by use ; [u7474S4/ah] Shek. 
4. Actual performance ; distinguished from theory. 5. 
Application of remedies ; medical treatment of diseases. 
6. Exercise of any profession. 7. Frequent use ; exercise 
for instruction or discipline. 8. Skillful or artful manage- 
ment ; dexterity in contrivance or the use of means ; art ; 
stratagem ; artifice ; usually in a bad sense. 9. A rule in 
arithmetic, by which the operations of the general rules 
are abridged in use. 

PR AC'TICE, V. t. [from the noun. The orthography of the 
verb ought to be the same as of the noun ; as in notice, and 
to notice.] 1. To do or perform frequently, customarily or 
habitually. 2. To use or exercise any profession or art. 
3. To use or exercise for instruction, discipline or dexter- 
ity. 4. To commit ; to perpetrate. Marshall. 5. To use ; 
[ 74747454 / aZ.] Mitford. 

PRAC'TICE, r. 7 . 1. To perform certain acts frequently or 
customarily, either for instruction, profit or amusement, 

2. To form a habit of acting in any manner. 3. To trans- 
act or negotiate secretly. 4. To try artifices. 5. To use 
evil arts or stratagems. 6. To use medical methods or 
experiments. 7. To exercise any employment or profession. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE j—BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. ^Obsolete. 


PRE 


PRA 


(iao 


rilAC TICDL), pf). Done by a repetition of acts 3 cn^stoinuri- 
ly performed or used. 

PRA€'TI-CEil, n. 1. One that practices ; one that custom- 
arily performs certain acts. 2. One who exercises a pro- 
fession. 


PRA€'TI-CING, ppr. Performing or using customarily 5 
exercising, as an art or profession. 

t PRA€^TI-SANT, n. An agent. Shak. 

PRAO-TI'/TION-KR, n. 1. One who is engaged in the actual 
use or exercise of any art or profession, particularly in law 
or medicine. 2. One who does any thing customarily 
or habitually. IVhitgifte. 3. One that practices sly or 
dangerous arts. South. 

PR-^E-OOGWI-TA, n. pin. [L. before known.] Things 
previously known in order to understand something else. 

PRA^M-U-NPRE, 71. [L.] 1. A writ, or the oftense for 

which it is granted. 2. The penalty incurred by inl'ring- 
ing a statute. 

PRAG-MAT'IG, / a. [L. pragwaiicns.] Forward to 

PRAG-MATT-GAL, j intermeddle 5 meddling ; imperti- 
nently busy or officious in tiie concerns of others, without 
leave or invitation . — Pragmatic sanction, in the German 
empire, the settlement made by Charles VI. the emperor, 
who, in 1722, liaving no sons, settled his Iicreditary do- 
minions on his eldest daugliter, the archduchess Maria. — 
In the civil law, j>ragmatic sanction may be defined, a 
rescript or answer of the sovereign, delivered by advice 
of his council, to some college, order or body of people, who 
consult him in relation to the affairs of their community. 

PRAG-MAT I-CAL-LY, ad?;. In a meddling manner j im- 
pertinently. 

PRAG-MATT.-CAL-NESS, «. The quality of intermeddling 
without right or invitation. 

PRAG'MA-TIST, 71. One who is impertinently busy or 
meddling. Reynolds. 

PRAIR'IE, 1 11 . [Fr. prairie.'] An extensive tract of land, 

PR AIRY, ) mostly level, destitute of trees, and covered 
with tall coarse grass. Western States. 

t PRaIS'A-BLE, a. That may be praised. TVickli(Jc. 

PRaISE, 71. [D. prys ^ G. preis ; Dan. priis ; Sw. pris j \V. 
pris ; Fr. prix It. prezio ; Sp. precio.] 1. Commendation 
bestowed on a person ; approbation expressed. Praise 
may be expressed by an individual, and in this circum- 
fitance differs from fame, renown and celebrity, which are 
the expression of the approbation of numbers, or public 
commendation. When praise is applied to tlie expression 
of public approbation, it may be synonymous wWarenown, 
or nearly so. A man may deserve the praise of an indi- 
vidual, or of a nation. 2. The expression of gratitude for 
- personal favors conferred ; a glorifying or extolling. 3. 
The object, ground or reason of praise. 

PRaISE, 75. t. [D. pryien; pryzecren ; G. preisen-, Dan. 
priser.] 1. To commend ; to applaud ; to express appro- 
bation of personal worth or actions. 2. To extol in 
words or song ; to magnify ; to glorify on account of 
perfections or excellent works. 3. To express gratitude 
for personal favors. Ps. cxxxviii. 4. To do honor to ; to 
display the excellence of. 

PRA D, pp. Commended ; extolled. 

t PRAISE'FUL, a. Laudable ; commendable. Sidney. 

PRaIS'ER, 71. One who praises, commends or extols ; an 
appiauder ; a commender. Sidney. 

PRAIiSE'LESS, a. Without praise or commendation. 

PRaISE'W 6R-THI-LY, adv. In a manner deserving of 
commendation. Spenser. 

PRa 1SE'W6R-TIII-NESS, 71. The quality of deserving 
commendation. Smith. 

PRa1SE'W6R-THY, a. Deserving of praise or applause j 
commendable. Jlrbuthnot. 

PRaTSTXG, ppr. Commending; extolling in words. 

PRAM, ^ 71. [D. praam.] 1. A fiat-bottomed boat or ligiiter, 

PRAME, ^ used in Holland. — 2. In military affinrs, a 
kind of floating battery or fiat-bottomed vessel, mounting 
several cannon ; used in covering the disembarkation of 
troops. 

PRANCE, (prVuis) r. i. [W. pranciaw.] 1. To spring or 
bound, as a horse in high mettle. 2. To ride with bound- 
ing movements ; to ride ostentatiously. 3. To walk or 
strut about in a showy manner or with warlike parade. 

PRAN CING, ppr. Springing; bounding; riding with gal- 
lant show. 


PRAN'CING, 71. A springing or bounding, as of a high- 
spirited horse. ,7udg. v. 

PRANK, V. t. [G. praTi^ca ; D. pronken.] 'J’o adorn in a 
showy manner ; to dress or adjust to ostentation. Milton. 

PRANK, 71. [W. praiic.] 1. A wild fiiglit ; a capering; a 
gambol. 2. A capricious action ; a ludicrous or merry 
trick, or a mischievous act, ratlier for sport than injury. 

PRANK, a. Frolicksome ; full of gambols or trick.s. 


PRANKED, 

PRANKT, 


pp. Adorned in a showy manner. 


PRANK'ER, 71. One that dresses ostentatiously. 
PRANK'ING, ppr. Setting off or adorning for disjday. 
PRANKTNG, n. Ostentatious display of dress. 


PEASE, a. A silicious mineral. Cicavelund. 

PRa'SON, (pra'sn) 11 . [Gr. npacov.] A leek 3 also, a sea- 
weed green as a leek. Bailey. 

PRATE, V. i. [D. praaten.] To talk much and without 
weight, or to little purpose ; to be loquacious. Shak. 

PRATE, 7’. t. To utter foolishly. Dryden. 

PRATE, 7?. Continued talk to little purpose; trifling talk; 
unmeaning loquacity. Shak. 

PRaT'EK, 71. One that talks much to little purpose, or on 
trifling subjects. Southern. 

PRAT'IC, or PRAT'’iQ.lJE, 71. \}i. pratica ; S>p. practica ; 
Fr. pratigue.] In commerce, primarily, converse ; inter- 
course. Hence, a license or permission to bold intercourbe 
and trade with the inhabitants of a place, after having 
jierformed quarantine, or upon a certificate that the ship 
did not come from an infected place ; a term used partic- 
ularly in the south of Europe. 

PRaTTNG, pp;*. Talking much on a trifling subject ; talk- 
ing idly. 

PRaTTNG-LY, adv. With much idle talk ; with loquacity. 

PRAT'TLE, V. i. [dirn. of prate.] To talk much and idly ; 
to be loquacious on trifling subjects. Locke. 

PRAT 'J'LE, 71. Trifling talk ; loquacity on trivial subjects. 

PRAT'TLE-MENT, 71. Prattle. Ilayley. 

PRAT '"I’LER, 71. An idle talker Herbert. 

PRAT 'j’LING, ppr. Talking mucJi on trivial affairs. 

PRAV'I-TY, 71. {'L.pravitas.] Deviation from riglit; moral 
perversion ; want of rectitude ; corrupt state. South. 

PRAWN, A small cmstaceous fish. Encyc. 

PRAXTS, 71. [L.] i. Use; practice. Coventry. 2. An 
example or form to teach practice. Lowih. 

PRAY, 7’. 7. [Fr. pricr; it. p7Vo'are ; L. precor.] 1. To ask 
wit/i earnestness or zeal, as for a favor, or for something 
desirable ; to entreat ; to supplicate. 2. To petition ; to 
ask, as for a favor ; as in application to a legislative 
body. — 3. In worship, to address the Supreme Being with 
fioieinnity and reverence, with adoration, confession of 
sins, supplication for mercy, and thanksgiving for bless- 
ings received. 4. I pray, that is, I pray you tell me, or 
let me know, is 3 common mode of introducing a question. 

PRAY, 75. i. i. To supplicate; to entreat; to urge. — 2. In 
woi'ship, to supplicate ; to implore ; to ask with reverence 
and liumility. 3. To petition. 4. I’o ask or entreat in 
ceremony or form. — To pray in aid, in law, is to call in for 
help one who has interest in the cause. 

PRAY^ER, 71. 1. In a general sense, the act of asking for a 
favor, and particularly with earnestness. — 2. In %corship,ti. 
solemn address to the Supreme Being. 3. A formula of 
church service, or of worship, public or private. 4. Prac- 
tice of supplication. 5. That part of a memorial or petition 
to a public body, which specifies the request as distinct 
from the recital of facts or reasons. 

PRAYER-BOOK, n. A book containing prayers or the 
forms of deVotiem, public or private. Swift. 

PRAY'ER-FUL, a. 1. Devotional; given to prayer. 2. 
Using much prayer. 

PRAYTIR-FIJIj-LY, With much prayer. 

PRAY^ER-LESS, a. Not using prayer ; liabitually neglect- 
ing the duty of prayer to God. 

PRAY'ER-LESS-NESS, n. Total or liabitual neglect” of 
prayer. 7\ H. Skinner. 

PRaYBNG, ppr. Asking ; supplicating. 

PRaY'ING-LY, adv. With supplication to God. 

PRE, an Englisli prefix, is the 1^. pros, before, probably a 
contracted word ; Russ. pred. It expresses priority of 
time or rank. 

PReACII, V. i. [D. preeken ,* Fr. prScher.] 1. To pronounce 
a public discourse on a religious subject, or from a text of 
Scripture. 2. To discourse on the gospel way of salvation, 
and exhort to repentance. 

PReACII, 75. t. 1. To proclaim ; to publish in religious 
discourses. 2. To inculcate in public discourses. — To 
preach up, to discourse in favor of. Dryden. 

t PReACII, n. A religious discourse. Hooker. 

IBIeACHED, pp. Proclaimed ; announced iu public dis- 
course ; inculcated. 

FReACH'ER, n. 1. One who discourses publicly on religious 
subjects. 2. One that inculcates anv thing with earnestness. 

t PReACIPER-SHIP, 77. The olfice“ of a preacher. 

PReACIFING,pp 7*. Proclaiming; publishing in discourse ; 
iimulcating. 

PReACH'ING, 77. The act of preaching ; a public religious 
discourse. Milner. 

PReACH'MAN, 71. A preacher ; in contempt. Howell. 

PReACII'MENT, 77. A discourse or sermon ; in contempt ; 
a discourse affectedly solemn. Shak. 

PRE-AC-OlUaINT'ANCE, 77. Previous acquaintance. 

PRE-AG-GIUaINT^ED, a. Previously acquainted. 

PRE-AD^AiNt-ITE, n. [pre, before, and .^dam.] An inhab- 
itant of the earth that lived before Adam. Pereyra. 

PRE-AD-AM-IT'IC, a. Designating what existed before 
Adam. Kirwan. 

PRE-AD-MIN-IS-TRa'TION, 7 i. Previous administration. 

PRE-AD-MONTSH, v. t. To admonisli previously. 


See Sijnopsis. A, tc, T, o, D, y, ]ong.-~V\}\, FALT., WHAT PREY Pt.N, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete. 


PRE 


C31 


PRE 


PRE‘AD-MO-Nr'TION, n. Previous warning or admoni- 
tion. 

PRK'AM-BLE, n. [It. prcambolo ; Sp. preambulo ; Fr. prc- 
ambulc.] 1. SometJiing previous ; introduction to a dis- 
course or writing. 2. The introductory part of a statute, 
v^dlicll states the reasons and intent of the law. 

PRe'AM-BLE, V. t. To preface 3 to introduce with previous 
remarks. Feltham. 

tPRE-AM'CU-LA-RY, or | PRE-AM/RU-LOUS, a. Previ- 
ous 3 introductory. Brown. 

PRE-AM'BU-LATE, v.i. [L.^^r^sand ambulo.'] To walk 
or go before. Jordan. 

PRE-yV.M-BU-LA'T]ON, 71. 1. A preamble 3 [oZ)s.] Chaucer. 

2. A walking or going before. 

PRE- AiU'BU-LA-TO-ll\^, a. Going before 3 preceding. 

PRE-AN-TE-PE-NUL'Ti-MATE, n. 'J'he fourth syllable 
from tile last. 

PRE-AP-PRE-lIEN'SION, 71. An opinion formed before 
exajnination. Brown. 

f PR ease, n. Press 5 crowd. [SfC Press.] Chapman. 

PReAS'ING, p/ 77 *, or «. Crowding. Spenser. 

PRE-AU'DI-ENCE., n. Precedence or rank at the bar among 
lawyers 3 right of previous audience. Blacksiune. 

PREB END, [^\i. prebenda •, Sp. prebend a •, Yx. prebende.^ 

1. The stipend or maintenance granted out of tiie estate 
of a cathedral or collegiate church. 2. A prebendary 3 
[efc.] 

PRE-BEN'D'AL, a. Pertaining to a prebend. Chesterfield. 

PREB'EX-DA-RY, 7?. [Fi^ prebendier.] An ecclesiastic 
who enjoys a prebend 3 the stipendiary of a cathedral 
church. Swift. 

PREB'EN-DA-RY-SHIP, 71. The office of a prebendary 3 a 
canoniy. WUton. 

PRE-Ca'RI-OUS, a. [L. precarius.'] 1 . Depending on the 
will or pleasure of another 3 held by courtesy 3 liable to be 
changed or lost at the pleasure of another. 2. Uncertain ; 
held by a doubtful tenure 5 depending on unknown or 
unforeseen causes or events. 

PRE-Ca RI-OUS-LY, ado. At the will or pleasure of others : 
dependently ; by an uncertain tenure. 

PRE-Ca Rl-OUS-NES?, n. Uncertainly 3 dependence on 
the will or pleasure of others, or on unknown events. 

PREC'A-TIVE, )a. [L. prccor.'] Suppliant 3 beseeching. 

PREC'A-TO-RY, \ HarrU. 

PRE-CA U'TIOX, 7 ’. [Fr. 3 Y. precautus ~\ Previous caution 
or care 3 caution previously employed to prevent mischief 
or secure good in possession. 

PRE-CAU'TIOX, 7 *. t. To warn or advise beforehand for 
p**eventing mischief or securing good. Locke. 

PRE-CAU TfOX-AE, a. Preventive of mischief. 

PRE-CAU'TION-A-RY, a. 1. Containiirg previous caution. 

2. Proceeding from previous caution 3 adapted to prevent 
mischief or secure good. 

PREC-E-Da'NF.-OUF, 7 /. [from precede.^ Y. prweedo.'] Pre- 
ceding 5 antecedent 3 anterior. Hale. 

PRE-Cli,DE', t. [L. pnexe.do.'] 1. To go before in the or- 
der of time. 2. To go before in rank or importance. 3. 
To cause something to go before 3 to make to take place in 
prior time. 

PRE-CkD'ED, pp. Being gone before. 

PRE-CkD'ENCE, )n. i. The act or state of going before 3 

PRE-CuD'EN-CY, ^ priority in time. 2. 3'he state of 
going or being l)efore in rank or dignity or the place of 
honor 3 the right to a more honorable place. 3. The fore- 
most in ceremony. 4. Superiority 3 superior importance 
or inffiience. 

PRE-CeD'ENT, a. Going before in time 3 anterior 3 ante- 
cedent. Hale. 

PREC'E-DENT, 71. 1. Something done or said, that may 
serve or be adduced as an example to authorize a subse- 
quent act of the like kind. — 2. In law^ a judicial decision, 
interlocutory or dual, which serves as a rule for future 
determinations in similar or analogous cases. 

PREC'E-DENT-ED, fl. Having a precedent 3 authorized by 
an example of a like kind. 

PRE-Ce'DEXT-LY, ado. Beforehand ; antecedently. 

t PRE-CEU'LENCE, 71. Excellence. Sheldon. 

PRE-CEN'TOR, n. [TiOW L. preecentor ,* Fr. precenteur.'] 
Tim leader of the clioir in a cathedral. Encyc. 

FRE'CEPT, 77 . [Fr. / 77 *ccc/>te ,* Sp. preceptor Y. prwceptuin .'\ 
1. In a general sense, any commandment or order intendea 
as an authoritative rule of action 5 but applied particularly 
to commands respecting moral conduct. — 2. In law, a 
command or mandate in w'riting. 

t PRE-CEP'TI A L, tt. Consisting of precepts. Shale. 

t PRE-CEP'TION, 77. A precept. Hall. 

PRE-CEP'TIVE, a. \\j. prwceptivus.~\ 1. Giving precepts or 
commands for the regulation of moral conduct 5 containing 
precepts. 2. Directing in moral conduct 3 giving rules or 
directions 3 didactic. 

PRE-CEP'TOK, 77. [L. praceptor."\ 1. In n. general sense, 
a teacher ; an instructor. — 2. In a restricted sense, the 
teacher of a school 3 sometimes, the principal teacher of an 
academy or other seminary. 


PRE-CEP-Tg'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a preceptor. Literary 

JMagatinc. 

PRE-CEP'TO-RY, a. Giving precepts. Anderson. ' 

PRE-CEP'TO-R Y, n. A subordinate religious house where 
instruction was given. 

PRE-CEP'TllESIS, 77 . A female teacher or preceptor. Olaii-^ 
ville. 

PRE-CES'SION, 77. [Fr. precession ; It. precessione.] % 
Literally, the act of going before, but in this sense '^arel^ 
or never used. — 2 . In astronomy, the precession of the equf^ 
not is an annual motion of the equinox, or point where 
the ecliptic intersects the equator, to the westward, 
amounting to fOj". 

PRe'CINU'P, 77. [L. prcecinctiis.'] 1. The limit, bound or 
exterior line encompassing a place. 2 . Bounds of juris- 
diction, or the whole territory comprehended within the 
limits of authority. 3 A territorial district or division. 

t PRE-CI-OS'I-TY, Xor precious ness or value. More. 

PRE"C10US, (presh'us) 77 . [Yx. precituz ; Y. jn-ctiosus.'] 1. 
Of great price 3 costly. 2. Of great value or worth ; very 
valuable. 3. Highly valued ; much esteemed. 4. \Yoith- 
less 3 in irony and contempt. — Precious metals, gold and 
silver, so called on account of their value. 

PllE"C[OUS-LY, (presh us-ly) ado. 1. Valuably 3 to a great 
price. 2 . (Amtemptibly ; hr 7 V( 7 / 7 ?/. 

PRE"CIOUS-NEbS, (preshffis-nes) 77. Valuableness 3 great 
value 3 high price. 

PREC'l-PE, (pres'i-py) n. [L. prweipio.'] In laxc, a writ 
commanding the defendant to do a certain thing, or to 
show cause to the contrary ; giving him his choice to re- 
dress the injury or to stand the suit. 

PREC'I-PlCE, 77. \^Yx.',Y. pracipitmin .'j 1. StrrcH?/, a falling 
headlong 3 hence, a steep descent ot land 3 a fall or de- 
scent of land, irerpcndicular or ncaily so. Dryden. 2. A 
steep descent, in general. 

PRE-CIP'I-ENT, a. [L. prweipiens.] Commanding 3 di- 
rectiiw. 

PRE-CIP-T-TA-EILT-TY, n. The quality or state of being 
precipitable. 

PRE-ClP'l-TA-BLE, a. [L. pracipito.] That may be pre- 
cipitated or cast to the bottom, as a substance in solution. 

PRE-CIP'I-TANCE, ) n. 1. Headlong hurry 3 rash haste 3 

PRE-CIPT-Tx\N-CY, ) haste in resclvijig, forming an 
opinion or executing a purpose without due deliberation. 
2. Hurry 3 great haste in going. 

PRE-CIPM-TAN'T, 77 . [Y. pi wcipitans.] 1. Falling or rush- 
ing headlong*, rushing down with velocity. 2 . Hasty 5 
urged with violent haste. 3. Rashly hurried or hasty. 4. 
Unexpectedly brought on or hastened. 

PRE-CIP'I-TANT, 77. In chemYtry, a liquor, which, when 
poured on a solution, separates what is dissolved, and 
makes it precipitate, or fall to the bottom in a concrete 
state. 


PRE-CIPT-TANT-LY, adv. lYith great haste 3 with rash, 
imadvised haste 3 with tumultuous hurry. 

PRE-CiP'I-3'ATE, 7,’. G [L. ; 77 */ 77 c/; 77 r 77 .] J. To throw h.ead- 
long. 2. To urge or press with eagerness or violence. 3. 
Toliasten. 4. To hurry blindly or rashly. .'5. To throw 
to the bottom of a vessel, as a substance in solution. 

PRE-CfP'i-TATE, r. i. 1. To fall headlong. 2. To fall to 
the bottom of a vessel, as a sediment, or any substance in 
solution. 3. To Irasteu without preparation. 

PRE-CIP I-TATE, 77. 1 . Falling, flowing or rushing v/ith 
steep descent. 2. Headlong 3 over hasty 3 rashly hasty. 

3. Adopted with haste or without due deliberation 3 hasty. 

4. Hasty 3 violent 3 terminating speedily in death. 

PRE-CIP'1-TATE, 77 . A substance which, having been 

dissolved, is again separated from its solvent and thrown 
to the bottom of the vessel by pouring another liquor upon 
it. — Precipitate per se, or red precipitate, the red oxyd or 
peroxyd of mercur 3 G Thomson. 

PRE-CI P'I-TA-TED, pp. Hurried 3 hastened rashly 3 thrown 
headlong. 

PRE-CIP'1-TATE-LY, 777 ^ 77 . I. Headlong 3 with steep de- 
scent. 2. Hastily; with rash haste 3 without due caution. 

PRE-CIPT-TA-TIXG, ppr. Throwing headlong 3 hurrying 3 
hastening rashly. 

PRE-CIP-I-Ta'TIOX, 77. [L. prcecipitatio.'\ 1. The act of 
throwing headlong. 2. A falling, flowing or rushing 
down with violence and rapidity. 3. Great hurry 3 rash, 
tumultuous haste 3 rapid movement. 4. The act or opera- 
tion of throwing to the bottom of a vessel any substance 
held in solution by its menstruum. 

PRE-CIPT-TA-TOR, 77. One that urges on with vehemence 
or rashness. Hammond. 

PRE-CIPi-TOUS, a. [L. praceps.] 1. Very steep. 2. 
Headlong 3 directly or rapidly descending. 3. Hasty ; 
rash ; heady. 

PRE-CIP'I-TOUS-LY, ado. With steep descent 3 in violent 
haste. 

PRE-CIP'I-TOUS-NESS, 77 . 1. Steepness of descent. 2. 


Rash haste. . , ^ . 

PRE-CISE', a. [L. prweisus .'I 1. Exact 3 nice ; definite ; 

having determinate limitations 3 not loose, vague, uncer- 


Su Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 3 — BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J 3 S as Z 5 CH as SH 5 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


PKE 


63 *^ 


ViiL 


tarn or equiviKral. •!. l orinal ; super;<liiiou:;l 3 - exact ; ex- 
cessively uice j punctilious in conduct or ceremony. .3d- 
/iison. 

iK-CISE'LY, adr. 1. Exactly; nicely; accurately; in 
exact coiubrniiiy to truth or to a model. iJ. With excess 
nf fonnality ; \vith scrupulous exactness cr punctilious- 
ness in behavior or ceremony. 

PRE-CISE'JS'ES.S, V. 1. Exactness; rigid nicely. ‘2. Ex- 
s^essive regard to forms or rules ; rigid formality. 

r*RE-CI SIAX, 7f. 1. One that limits or restrains. i.’.,One 
who is rigidlj’ exact in the observance of rules. 

rRE-Cr*SIAX-Ij?M, Ti. Excessive exactness; superstitious 
rigor. J'JiUcn. 

PRE-CI elOX, 11 . [Fr. ; L. pnBcisiu.] Exact limitation ; 
exactness ; accuracy. 

PRE-CrSIVE, a. Exactly limiting by sepamting what is 
not relative to the purpose. Udtts. 

PRE-CLl'DE , r. t. [h. prcpcludo.1 1. lb prevent from en- 
tering b\’ previously shutting the passage, or b}‘ any pre- 
vious measures ; hence, to hinder from access, possession 
or enjoyment. 2. To prevent from happening or taking 
place. 

PRE-CLuD ED, pp. Hindered from entering or enjoyment ; 
debarred from something by previous obstacles. 

PRE-CLuD'lJsG, ppr. Shutting out ; preventing from ac- 
cess or passession, or from having place. 

PRE-CLC'SIOX, n. The act of shutting out or preventiim 
from access or possession ; the state of being prevented 
from entering, possession or enjoyment. 

PRE-€Lu'SIVE, a. Shutting out, or tending to preclude ; 
hindering by previous obstacles. Burke. 

PRE-€Lu'SIV;^Ey, adc. With hinderance by anticipation. 

PRE-€o Clous, a. ['L.praxox.] 1. Ripe before the proper 
or natural time. 2. Premature. 

PRE-Co CIOUS-X’ESS, ^ J7. Rapid growth and ripeness 

PRE-COC'I-TY, i before the usual time ; prema- 

tureness. 

PRE-COG I-T ATE, v. t. [L. prixcogito.] To consider or 
contrive beforehand. [Little vsed.ys/iei'icood. 

PRE-COG-I-Ta'TIOX, V. Previous thought. Diet. 

PRE-COG'XI-TA. See Prjecogxita. 

PRE-COG-XI''TIOX, n. [L. prm and cognitio.] 1. Previous 
knowledge ; antecedent examination. — 2. In Scots I a it, 
an examination of witnesses to a criminal act, before tlie 
prosecution of the offender. 

PRE-COM-PoSE', r. t. To compose beforehand. 

PRE-COM-PoS'ED, (pre-kom-pbzd') pp. Composed before- 
hand. 

PRE-COM-PoS'IXG, pjTT. Composing Ijeforehand. 

PRE-COX-CeIT', n. An opinion or notion previously 
formed. Honker. 

PRE-COX^-CeIVE', V. t. [L.jrrip and concipic.] To form a 
conception l^forehand ; to form a previous notion. 

PRE-COX'-CeIV'ED, (pre-kon-seevd ) pp. Conceived be- 
forehand ; previously formed. South. 

PRE-COX-CeIV'IXG’ ppr. Conceiving or forming before- 
hand. 

PRE-COX-CEP'TIOX, n. Conception or opinion previously 
formed. Hakeirill. 

PRE-COX-CERT , r. t. [pre and conerrf.] To concert be- 
forehand ; to settle by previous agreement. 

PRE-COX-CERT'EDji^p. Previously concerted or settled. 
Warton. 

PRE-COX-CERT IXG, ppr. Contriving and settling before- 
hand. 

t PRE-GOX-I-Za'TIOX, ii. [\.. prtEconium A publishing 
b}' proclamation, or a proclamation. Hall. 

PRE-COX-SIGX-, r. t. [pre and To consign be- 

forehand ; to make a previous consignment of. 

PRE-COX STI-TUTE, r. t. To constitute beforehand. 

PRE-COX'STI-TU-TED, pp. Pre% iously established. 

PRE-€X)X'STI-TU-TIXG, ppr. Constituting beforehand. 

PKE-COX'TRACT, 7i. [pre tmdi contract.'^ A contract pre- 
vious to another. ShaU, 

PRE-COX-TRACT', V. t. To contract or stipulate previously. 

PRE-COX-TRACT', r. i. To make a previous contract or 
agreement. 

PRE-COX-TRACT'ED, pp. Previously contracted or stipu- 
lated ; previously engaged by contract. Ayliffc. 

PRE-COX-TRACT IXG, ppr. Stipulating or covenanting 
beforehand. 

t PRE-CURSE'j (pre-kurs') «. [Ij. pnecursus.] A forerun- 
ning. 

PRE-CURS-OR, n. [L. praewsor.] A forerunner; a har- 
binger ; he or that which precedes an evejR and indicates 
its approach. 

PRE-CURS'O-RY, a. Preceding as the harbinger ; indicating 
something to follow. Afed. Repos. 

t PRE-CURS'O-RY, n. An introduction. Hammond. 

PRE-Da CEOUS, a. [L. pnedaceus.] Liwlng by prey. 

PRe DAL, a. [L. prtcda.] 1. Pertaining to prey. 2. Prac- 
ticine plunder. Boyle. 

PREiyA-TO-RY, a. [L. predatorius .] 1. Plundering; pil- 


laging ; characterized by plundering ; practicing rapine. 
2. Hungry ; ravenous. 

PRE-DE-CeASE , V. i. To die before. Shak, 

PRE-DE-CeAS'ED, (pre-de-seest ) a. Dead before. Shak. 

PRED-E-CES^^SOR, n. [Fr. pred^cesseur.] A person who 
has preceded another in the same office. Addison. 

PRE-DE-LIX'-E-a'TIOX, n. Previous delineation. 

PRE-DE-SZGX', V. t. To design or purpose beforehand ; to 
predetermine. 

PRE-DE-SIGX'ED, (pre-de-sind ) pp. Purposed or deter- 
mined previously. Alitford. 

PRE-DE-SIGX IXG, Designing previously. 

PRE-DES-TI-Xa'RI-AX% 71. One that believes in the doc- 
trine of predestination, h alton. 

PRE-DES-TI-Xa RI-AX, u. Of or belonging to predestina- 
tion . 

PRE-DES TI-XATE, a. Predestinated ; foreordained. 

PRE-DES'TI-XATE, r. t. [It. predestinate ; Fr. predestf 
ncr ; L. prfedesthw.j To predetermine or foreordain ; to 
appoint or ordain bewrehandb}' an unchangeable purpose. 

PRE-D£S'TI-XA-TED, pp. Predcteimined ; foreordained; 

* 

PRE-DEi* TI-X'A-TIXG, ppr. 1. Foreordaining ; decreeing; 
appointing beforehand by an unchangeable purpose. 2. 
Holding predestination. 

PRE-DES-TI-Xa'TIOX^, n. The act of decreeing or fore- 
ordaining events. 

PRE-DES'TI-'n A-TOR, a. 1. rropn hj, one that foreordains. 
2. One that lioUIs to predestination. 

PRE-DES TiXE, v.t. To decree beforehand; to foreor- 
dain. Prior. 

PRE-DE-TER^M-XATi:, a. Determined beforehand. 

PRE-DE-TERM-1-Xa'TIOX, n. 1. Previous determination ; 
purpose formed beforehand. 2. Premotion ; that concur- 
rence of God which determines men in their actions.* 

PKE-DE-TERal'IXE, v. t. pre and determine.] 1. To de- 
termine beforehand ; to settle in purpose or counsel. 2. 
(icoin by previous decree. 

PReDI-AL, c. [^sp. predial.] 1. Consisting of land or 
farms ; real estate. 2. Attached to laud or farms. 3. 
rowing cr issuing from land. 

PRED-I-CA-BIL I-TY, a. The quality of being predicable, 
cr capable of being affirmed of something. 

PRED i-CA-BLE, o. [L.pr(tdicabflis.] That may be affirmed 
of something ; that may be attributed to. 

PRED'I-CA-BLE, 7J. One of the live thmgs which can be 
affirmed of any thing. IVatts. 

PRE-DIG A-MEX'J’, n. [Fr. ; h. pradicamentum .] 1. In 
logic, a category : a series or order of all the predicates or 
attributes contained under any genus. 2. Class or kind 
described by any definite marks ; hence, condition ; par- 
ticular situation or state. 

PRE-DIC-A-MEX7 '^'\L, a. Pertaining to a predicament. 

PRED'I-CAX^T, rt. [L. p7-tfdjc'tins.] One that affirms any 
thing. 

PRED I-CATE, V. t. TL. pnedice.] To affirm one thing of 
another. 

PREB'I-CATE, V. i. To affirm ; to comprise an affirmation. 

PREB'I-CATE, n. In logic, that whicli, in a propositior, is 
affirmed or denied of the subject. JVatts. 

PRED-I-C action, 77. Ih. pradicatio.] Affirmation of some- 
thing, or the act of affirming one thing of another. 

PREiyi-CA-TO-RY, c. Affirmative ; positive. Bp. Hall. 

PRE DICT', V. t. [L.;w-trdict7i^.] To foretell ; to tell before- 
hand something that is to happen. 

PRE-DICT'ED, pp. Foretold ; told before the event. 

PRE-DICT'IXG, ppr. Foretelling. 

PRE-DIC TIOX, 77. [L. prccdictio.] A foretelling ; a previous 
declaration of a future event ; prophecy. 

PRE-DICT'IVE, a. Foretelling ; prophetic. A/ere. 

PRE-DICT OR, 77. A foreteller ; one who prophesies. 

PRE-DI-GES'TIOX’, 77. Too hasty digestion. Bacon. 

PRED-I-LE€’'TIOX", ??. [BY. ; ll. predilezione.] A previous 
liking : a prepossession of mind in favor of something. 

PRE-DI^Po XEXT, n. That which predisposes. 

PR£-DIS-Po?E', v.t. 1. To incline beforehand ; to give 
a previous disi^ition to. 2. To fit or adapt previously. 

PRE-DIS-POS'ED, (pre-dis-pozd') jyp. Previously incliued 
or adapted. 

PRE-DIS-PoS'IX*G, ppr. 1. Inclining or adapting before- 
Iiand. 2. a. Tending or able to give predisposition or 
liableness. 

PRE-DIS-PO-?I"TIOX, 77. 1. Previous inclination or pro- 
pensity to any thing. 2. Previous fitness or adaptation to 
any change, impression or purpose. 

PRE^DOM'I-NAXCE, ^ 77 . 1. Prevalence ov*er others ; su- 

PRE-DOM'I-X'AX-CY, 1 periority in strength, power, in- 
fluence or authority ; ascendency. — 2. In astrology, the 
superior influence of a planet. 

PRE-DOM I-XAXT, a. [Yx. predominant ; It. predominant e.] 
Prevalent over others ; suj^rior in strength, influence or 
authority ; ascendant ; ruling ; controlling. 

PRE-DOM'I-XLAXT-LY, adv. With superior strengtli or in- 
fluence. Broven. 


* See Synopsis. A, f., T, O, C, Y, long.—YAV., FAT.L, WIIAT PREY ;-nX, MARlXE, BiRD f Obsolete. 


PRE 


633 


PRE 


PRE-DOM'I-NATE, r. i. [Fr. predomincr ,* Sp. predominar.] j 
To prevail ; to surpass in strength, influence or authority j | 
to be superior ; to have controlling influence. 

PRE-DOM'I-NATE, v. t. To nile over. 

PRE-DOM'I-NA-TIXG, ppr. Having superior strength or I 
influence ; ruling 5 controlling. ' | 

PRE-DOM-I-Xa'TION, 71 . Superior Strength or influence. 1 

PRE-E-LE€T', r. t. To choose or elect beforehand. | 

PRE-E-LEC'TIOX, 71 . Choice^or election by previous de- 
tennination of the will. Prideaux. ' j 

PRE-EM'I-XEXCE, 71 . \Ft. •, It, preeminenza.~[ 1 . Superi- 
ority in excellence ; distinction in something commenda- 
ble. 2 . Precedence j priority of place ; superiority in 
rank or dignity. 3 . Superiority of power or influence. 
Hometimcs in a bad sense. 

PRE-EM I-XEXT, a. [Fr. ; pre and emhient.'] 1 . Superior 
in excellence ; distinguished for something commendable 
or honorable. 2. Surpassing others in evil or bfid qualities. 

PRE-EM'I-XEXT-LY, adv. 1. In a pre-eminent degree ; 
with superiority or distinction above others. 2 . In a bad 

SC7LSC % 

PRE-EMP TIOX, 71 . [L. pr(B and emptio.l 1 . The act of 
purchasing before others. 2 . The right of purchasing be^ 
fore others. — 3 . Formerly, in England, the privilege or 
prerogative, enjoyed by the king, of buying provisions for 
his household in preference to others, abolished by statute 
19 (’harles II. 

PREEX, 77. [Scot, prein, prin : Dan. pj-ceTi.] A forked in- 
strument used by clothiers in dressing cloth. 

PREEX, r. f. [Scot, proyne, pninijie : Chaucer, proine.] To 
clean, compose and dress the feathers, as fowls, to enable 
them to glide more easily through the air or water. 

PRE-EX-Ga(jE', r. f. 1. To engage by previous contract. 

2 . To engage or attach by previous influence. 3 . To en- 
gage beforehand. 

PRE-EX-Ga GED, (pre-en-gixjd') pp. Previously engaged 
by contract or influence. 

PRE-EX-GaGE'MEXT, 77. 1. Prior engagement j as by 
stipulation or promise. 2. x\ny previous attachment 
binding the will or affections. 

PRE-EX-Ga'GIXG, ppr. Previously engaging. 

PREEXTXG, ppr. Cleaning and composing the feathers, as 
fowls. 

PRE-E-STAB‘LISH, V. t. To establish beforehand. 

PRE-E-ST ABOLISHED, pp. Previously established. 

PRE-E-ST A B'LISH-IXG, ppr. Settling beforehand. 

PRE-E-STAB LISH-MEXT, v. Settlement beforehand. 

PRE-EX-AM-I-Xa'TIOX, 77. Previous examination. 

PRE-EX-AM'IXE, v. t. To examine beforehand. 

PRE-EX-IST', V. i. To exist beforehand or before some- 
thing else. 

PRE-EX-IST'EXCE, 77. 1 . Existence previous to some- 
thing else. 2 . Existence of the soul before its union with 
the body, or before the body is formed. 

PRE-EX-IST EXT, a. Existing beforehand j preceding in 
existence. Pope. 

t PRE-EX-IS-TI-Ma'TIOX, 77 . Previous esteem. Erov:n. 

PRE-EX-IST'IXG, ppr. Previously existing. 

t PRE-EX-PEG-Ta'TIOX, 77 . Previous expectation. 

PREF'ACE, 77. [Fr. ; E. prexfatio.^ Something spoken as 
introductor}’ to a discourse, or written as introductory' to a 
book or essay, intended to inform the hearer or reader of 
the main design, or, in general, of whatever is necessary 
to the understanding of the discourse, book or essay ; a 
proem ; an introduction or series of preliminary remarks. 

PREFCACE, V. t. 1 . To introduce by preliminary remarks. 

2 . To face ; to cover ; a ludicrous sense. Cleaveland. 

PREFCACE, V. i. To say something introductory. 

PREF AGED, pp. Introduced with preliminary observa- 
tions. 

PREF'A-CER, 77. The writer of a preface. Dryden. 

PREF'A-CIXG, ppr. Introducing with preliminary remarks. 

PREFCA-TO-RA', a. Pertaining to a preface ; introductory 
tq^a book, essay or discourse. Dryden. 

PRe'FECT, 77. *[L. prtrfecfMs.] 1 . in a 7 ic 7 *f 7 ?t Rcthc, a chief 
magistrate who governed a city or province in the ab- 
sence of the king, consuls or emperor. 2 . A governor, 
commander, chief magistrate or superintendent. Addison. 

PRe'FE€T-SHIP, )n. I. The office of a chief magistrate, 

* PReTEC-TTRE, i commander or viceroy. 2 . Jurisdic- 
tion of a prefect. 

PRE-FER , 1*. t. [E. preefero Ft. preferer."] 1 . To regard 
more than another ; to honor or esteem above another. 2 . 
To advance, as to an office or dignity ; to raise ; to exalt. 

3 . To offer ; to present ; to exhibit ; usually with solem- 
nity, or to a public body. 4 . To ofl^er or present ceremo- 
niously, or in ordinary tiimiliar language. 

PREF'ER-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Worth}' to be preferred or 
chosen before something else : more eligible 3 more desira- 
ble. 2. More excellent ; of better quality. 

PREF ER-A-BLE-XESS, n. The quality or state of being 
preferable. .Mountague. 

PREF'ER-A-BLA', adc. In preference 3 in such a manner 
as to prefer one thing to another. 


PREF'ER-EXCE, 71 . The act of preferring one thing before 
another 3 estimation of one thing above another 3 choice 
of one thing rather than another. 

PRE-FER'MEXT, 77. [It. preferimento.] 1 . Advancement 
to a higher office, dignity or station. 2. Superior place or 
office. 3 . Preference 5 [ci>s.] 

PRE-FER'RED, (pre-ferd') pp. Regarded above others 3 el- 
evated in station. 

PRE-FER'RER, 77. One who prefers. 

PRE-FER'RIXG, ppr. Regarding above others 3 adt'ancing 
to a higher station : offering 3 presenting. 

PRE-FIG'U-RATE, v.t. To show by antecedent represen- 
tation. [Little used.] 

PRE-FIG-C-Ra'TI 02 v, 7 i. Antecedent representation by 
similitude. J\Torris. 

PRE-FIG U-RA TIVE, a. Showing by previous figures, 
types or similitude. 

PRE-FIG'URE, V. t. [L. prcB and fignro.'\ To exhibit by 
antecedent representation, or by types and similitude. 
Hooker. 

PRE-FIG URED, pp. Exhibited by antecedent signs, types 
or similitude. 

PRE-FIG'UR-IXG, ppr. Showing antecedently by simili- 
tude. 

PRE-FiXE', V. t. [L. prcEjinio.'] To limit beforehand. 

PRE-FI-XI''TIOX, n. Previous limitation. [L. «.] Fotherby. 

PRE-FIX', V. t. [L. preejigo.] 1 . To put or fix before, or at 
the beginning of another thing. 2 . To set or appoint be- 
forehand. 3 . To settle ; to establish. 

PRE'FIX, 77. A letter, syllable or word put to the beginning 
of a word, usually to vary its signification. 

PRE-FIX'ED, (pre-fixt') pp. Set before 5 appointed before- 
hand , settled. 

PRE-FIX'IXG, ppr. Putting before 3 previously appointing 3 
establishing. 

PRE-FIX'TOX", 77. The act of prefixing. 

PRE-FORM', V. t. To form beforehand. Shah. 

PRE-FORM'A-TiA"E, 77. \E. pm, vend formative.'\ A forma- 
tive letter at the beginning of a word. J\I. Stuart. 

PRE-FUL'GEX-CA', n. [L. pr(Bfulgens.'\ Superior bright- 
ness or effulgency. Barroic. 

PREG'XA-BLE, a. [Fr. prenable.] That may be taken or 
won by force 3 expugnable. [Little used.'] Cotgrave. 

PREG'XAX-CA", 77. 1 . The state of a female who has con- 
ceived, or is with child. Ray. 2 . Fertility 3 fruitfulness; 
inventive power. — Pregnance, in a like sense, is not 
used. 

PREG'XAXT, a. [L. preegnans.] 1 . Being with young, as a 
female 3 breeding; teaming. 2 . Fruitful; fertile 3 im- 
pregnating. 3 . Full of consequence. 4 . Easy to admit 
or receive 3 [not proper.] Shah. 5 . Free ; kind ; ready 3 
witty 3 apt 3 [7?et proper.] Shak. 6. Plain 3 clear 3 evi- 
dent 3 full : [0J5.] Shak. 

PREG XAXT-LY, adv. 1 . Fruitfully. 2 . Fully 3 plainly 3 
clearly 3 [065.] Shak. 

t PRE GRA-VATE, r. t. [E. preegravo.] To bear down 3 
to depress. Hall. 

PRE-GRAV'I-TATE, v. i. To descend by gravity. 

PRE-GUS-Ta'TIOX, 77. [L. pree and 5'Msfo.] The act of 
tasting before another. Diet. 

PRE-HEX'SILE, a. [L. prehendo, prehensus.] Seizing 3 
grasping ; adapted to seize or grasp. 

PRE-HEX SIOX, 77. A taking hold 3 a seizing 3 as with the 
hand or other limb. Laurrence. 

PREHX ITE, 77. A mineral of the siliceous kind. 

PRE-IX-STRUCT', V. t. To instruct previously. 

PRE-IX-STRUCT ED, pp. Previously instructed or di- 
rected. 

PRE-TX-STRU€T'IXG, ppr. Previously instructing. 

PRE-IX-TI-Ma'TIOX, 77. [pre and intimation.] Previous 
intimation ; a suggestion beforehand. T. Scott. 

PRE-JUDGE , (pre-judj') v. t. [Fr.prejuger.] 1 . To judge 
in a cause before it is heard, or before the arguments and 
facts in the case are fully known. 2 . To ju^dge and de- 
termine before the cause is heard 3 hence, sometimes, to 
condemn beforehand or unheard. 

PRE-JUI)G ED, (pre-judjd ) pp. Judged beforehand 3 deter- 
mined unheard. 

PRE-JUDG'IX^G, ppr. Judging or determining without a 
hearing or before the case is fully understood. 

PRE-JUDG MEXT, n. Judgment in a case without a hear- 
ing or full examination. Knox. 

t PRE-JU'DI-€A-CY, 77. Prejudice 3 prepossession. 

PRE-Ju'DI-€ATE, r. f. [L. priE and jirtSco.] To prejudge 3 
to determine beforehand to disadvantage. 

PRE-JD'DI-€ATE, r. i. To form a judgment without due 
examination of the facts and arguments in the case. 

PRE-JU DI-CATE, 77. 1 . Formed before due examination. 
2 . Prejudiced ; biased by opinions formed prematurely 3 
[little used.l 

PRE-Jr'DI-€"A-TED, pp. Prejudged. 

PRE-Ju DI-CA-TIXG, ppr. Prejudging. 

PRE-JU-DI-€a'TIOX, n. The act of judging without due 
examination of facts and evidence. 


* See Synopsis. MOA"E, BOOK , D6VE 3— BI LL, UXITE.— € as K 3 0 05 J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


X*RE-JC'DI-CA-TIVE, a. Forming an opinion or judgment 
without examination. Moi-e. 

rREJ'U-DICE, ??. [Fr. ; prejudicium.'] 1. Prejudgment; 
an opinion or decision of mind, formed without due ex- 
amination of the facts or arguments wJiicJi are necessary 
to a Just and impartial determination. 2. A previous bent 
or bias of mind for or against any person or thing ; pre- 
possession. 3. Mischief ; hurt ; damage ; injury. 

PllEJ'U-DiCE, V. t. 1. To prepossess with unexamined 
opinions ; to bias the mind by hasty and incorrect notions, 
aiid give it an unreasonable bent to one side or other of a 
cause. Watts. 2. To obstruct or injure by prejudices, or 
an undue previous bias of the mind ; or to hurt ; to dam- 
age ; to diminish ; to impair. 

PREJ'U-DiCED, pp. or a. Prepossessed by iinexamined 
opinions; biased. 

PREJ-U-Di"ClAL, a. 1. Biased or blinded by prejudices ; 
[o&s.] 2. Hurtful ; mischievous ; injurious ; disadvanta- 
geous ; detrimental ; tending to obstruct or impair. 

PREJ-U-Di 'ClAL-A"ESS, n. The state of being prejudicial ; 
injuriousness. 

^ PRE'LA-CY, or PREL'A-CY, n. 1. The office of a pre- 
late. 2. Episcopacy ; the order of bishops. 3. Bishops, 
collectively • 

*PKk'LATE, or PREL'ATE, n. [Yr.prclat.] An eccle- 
siastic of the higher order, as an archbishop, bishop or pa- 
triarch ; a dignitary of the church. 

* PRe'LATE-JSHIP, n. Tlie office of a prelate. Ilarmar. 

PRE^ ATH^AL, I I^ei'taining to prelates or prelacy. 

PRE-LAT'I-eAL-LY, adv. With reference to prelates. 

PRE-La'TION, 11 . [L. prcelatio.'] Preference ; the setting 
of (me above another. [Little used.l Hale. 

* PRe'LA-TISM, n. Prelacy ; episcopacy. Milton. 

* PRE'LA-TIST, 11 . An advocate for prelacy, orihe gov- 
ernment of the church by bishops; a high -churchman. 
T. Scott. 

* PRe'LA-TURE, ) n. [Fr. prelature.] The state or 

* PRE'LA-TURE-SIIIP, I dignity of a prelate. Viet. 

* t PRe'EA-TY, 11 . Episcopacy ; prelacy. Milton. 

PRE-LECT', V. t. [L. prcelcctas.'] To read a lecture or pub- 
lic discourse. Horsley. 

PRE-LE€''J'10N, 11 . [L. prcelectio.] A lecture or discourse 
read in public or to a select company. Hale. 

PRE-LEC'TOR, ii. A reader of discourses ; a lecturer. 

PRE-LI-Ba'T10N, 71. [h. pruelibo.] 1. Foretaste ; a tasting 
beforehand or by anticipation. 2. An effusion previous to 
tasting. 

PRE-Lli\PI-NA-RY, o. [Fr. preliminaire ; It. preliniinare.] 
Introductory ; previous ; proemial ; that precedes the 
main discourse or business. 

PRE-LIMff-i\A-RY, n. That which precedes the main dis- 
course, work, design or business ; something previous or 
preparatory. 

* preclude, or PREL'UDE, n. [Low L. prteludium.] 
1. A short flight of music, or irregular air, played by a 
musician before he begins the piece to be played, or before 
a full concert. 2. Something introductory, or that shows 
what is to follow. 3. A forerunner; something which 
indicates a future event. 

PRE-LuDE', V. t. 1. To introduce with a previous per- 
formance ; to play before. 2. To precede, as an intro- 
ductory piece. 

PRE-LuDE', V. i. To serve as an introduction to. Vrij- 
den. 

PRE-LuD'ED, pp. Preceded by an introductory perform- 
aiux ; preceded. 

* PRe'LU-DER, n. One that plays a prelude, or introduces 
by a p^revious irregular piece of music. 

PRE-LuD'ING, ppr. Playing an introductory air; prece- 
ding. 

PRE-Lu'DI-OUS, a. Previous ; introductory. Cleaveland. 

PRE-Lu'DI-UM, n. [Low L.] A prelude. Vryden. 

PRE-Lu'SIVE, a. Previous; introductory; indicating that 
something of a like kind is to follow. 

PRE-Lu'SO-RY, (7. Previous; introductory; prelusive. 

PRE-]MA-TuRE*, a. [Fr. premature ; L. preematurus.'^ 1. 
Ripe before the natural or proper time. 2. Happening, 
arriving, performed or adopted before the proper time. 
3. Arriving or received without due authentication or 
evidence. 

PRE-M A-TDRETjY-, adv. 1. Too soon ; too early ; before 
the proper time. 2. Without due evidence or authenti- 
cation. 

PRE-MA-TuRE'NESS, ) 11 . 1. Ripeness before the natural 

PRE-MA-Tu'RI-TY, i or proper time. 2. Too great 
haste ; unseasonable earliness. 

PRE-MCD'I-TATE, v. t. [Fr. premediter ; L. prmm editor.] 
To think on and revolve in the mind beforehand ; to 
contrive and design previously. Vryden. 

PRE-MEIVI-TATE, v. i. To think, consider or revolve in 
the mind beforehand ; to deliberate. Hooker. 

PRE-MED'I-TATE, a. Contrived by previous meditation. 

PRE-MED'I-TA-TEl), pp. 1. Previously considered or 


meditated. 2. Previously contrived, designed or intend- 
ed ; deliberate; willful. 

PRE-MED'I-TATE-LY, adv. With previous meditation. . 

PRE-MED'I-TA-TING, ppr. Previously meditating ; con- 
triving or intending beforehand. 

PRE-MED-I-Ta'TIOiV, n. [L. prceineditatio.] 1. The act 
of meditating beforehand ; previous deliberation. 2. Pre- 
vious contrivance or design formed. 

PRE-MER'IT, V. t. [pre anil merit.] To merit or deserve 
beforehand. [Little used.] K. Charles. 

t PREM'l-CES, n. [Fr.; L. yrimiticE.] First fruits. 

*PReM^IER, (preGm'yer) a. [Fr., from L. pri/ims.] First; 
chief ; principal. Swift. 

* PReM'IER, 71. The first minister of state ; the prime min- 
jstcjt*. 

*PReM'IER-SHIP, 71. The office or dignity of the first 
minister of state. 

PRE-MiSE', V. t. [L. prwmissus.] 1. To speak or write 
before, or as introductory to the main subject ; to offer 
previously, as something to explain or aid in understand- 
ing what follows. 2. To send before the time ; [of>i-.] 3. 
To lay down premises or first propositions, on which rest 
tlie siffisequent reasonings. 4. To use or apply previouslj . 

PRE-MiSE', V. i. To state antecedent propositions. Swift. 

PREM'ISE, (premfis) n. A first or antecedent proposition. 

PREM'I-SES, 71. [Fr. premisses ; L. pi-wmissa.] 1. In lo§tic, 
the two first propositions of a syllogism, from which the 
inference or conclusion is drawn. 2. Propositions ante- 
cedently supposed or proved. — 3. In law, land or other 
things mentioned in the preceding part of a deed. 

PREMffSS, 71. Antecedent proposition. [Rarely used.] 

PRE'MI-UM, 71. [L.] Properly, a reward or recompense ; a 
prize to be won by competition ; the reward or prize to 
be adjudged to the best performance or production. 2. 1 he 
recompense or prize ofi'ered for a specific discovery or for 
success in an enterprise. 3. A bounty ; something offered 
or given for the loan of money. 4. The recompense to 
underwriters for insurance. 5. It is sometimes synony- 
mous with interest. 6. A bounty. 

PRE-MON'ISH, V. t. [L. preemoneo.] To forewarn ; to ad- 
monish beforehand. 

PRE-MON'ISHED, pp. Forewarned. 

PRE-MOA^'ISH-ING, ppr. Admonishing beforehand. 

PRE-MON'ISH MENT, n. Previous warning or admoni- 
tion ; previous information. 

PRE-MO-Ni"TION, ii. Previous warning, notice or infor- 
mation. 

PRE-MON'I-TO-RY, a. Giving previous warning or no- 
tice. 

PRE-MON'STRANTS, n. [L. preemonstrans.] A religious 
order of regular canons or monks of Premontre, in the 

PRE-MON'STRAPE, V. t. [h. preemonstro.] To show be- 
forehand. [Little used.] Herbert. 

PRE-MON-STRa'TION, 71. A showing beforehand. [L. ?(.] 

PRE-MORSE', (pre-mors') a. [L. preemordeo.] Bitten off. 

PRE-Mo TION, 71. [_pre and motion.] Previous motion or 
excitement to action. Encyc. 

* PREM-U-Ni'RE, 71. [See PuAiMUNiRE.] 1. In law, the 
offense of introducing foreign authority into England, 
and the writ which is grounded on the offense. 2. The 
penalty incurred by the offense above described. South. 

I PRE-MU-NiTE', V. t. To guard against objection ; to for- 
tify. 

PRE-]MU-Nl"TION, ii. [E. prwmunitio, from preemunio.] An 
anticipation of objections. Viet. 

PRE-No'MEN, 11 . [L. pramomen .] Among the Romans, a 
name prefixed to the family name, answering to our 
Christian name. 

PRE-NOM'I-NATE, v. t. [L. prw and nomino.] To fore- 
name. 

PRE-NOM'I-NATE, a. Forenamed. Shah. , 

PRE-NOM-I-Na'TION, 71. The privilege of being named 
first. _ 

PRE-No'TION, 71. [L. prwnotio.] A notice or notion which 
precedes something else in time ; previous notion or 
thought ; foreknowledge. 

PREN-Sa'TION, 71. [L. prensatio.] The act of seizing with 
violence. [Little used.] Barrow. 

PREN'TiCE. A colloquial contraction of apprentice, which 
see. 

PREN'TiCE-SHIP. A contraction of apprenticeship, wliich 

SCG» Pope • 

I PRE-NUN-CI-a'TION, 71. [L. prwnuncio.] The act of tell- 
ing before. Viet. 

PRE-OB-TaIN', V. t. To obtain beforehand. 

PRE-OB-TaIN'ED, (pre-ob-tand') pp. Previously obtained. 

PRE-OC'€lJ-PAN-CY, n. [L. pi'woccupans.] 1. The act of 
taking possession before another. 2. The right of taking 
possession before others. 

t PRE-OG'GU-PATE, V. f. [L. pretocenpo.] 1. To antici- 
pate ; to take before. 2. To prepossess ; to fill with preju- 
dices* 

PRE-0€-€U-Pa'TION, n. 1. A taking possession before 


* See Synopsis, A, E, T, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PRjEY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — ^Obsolete. 


PRE 


635 


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another; prior occupation. 2. Anticipation. 3. Prepos- 
session. 4. Anticipation of objections. 

PRE-OC'CU-PY, V. pr(Boccupo.] 1. To take possession 

before another. 2. To prepossess ; to occupy by anticipa- 
tion or prejudices. 

PKE-OM'f-NATE, v. t. [L. prcc and ominor.'] To prognosti- 
cate ; to gather from omens any future event. 
PRE-O-PINTON, w. [pre and opinion.] Opinion previously 
formed ; prepossession. Brown. 

PRE-OP TION, 11 . Tlie right of first clioice. 
PRE-OR-DaIN', V. t. [pre and ordain.] To ordain or ap- 
point beforehand ; to predetermine. 

PRE-OR-DaIN'ED, (pre-or-dand') pp. Antecedently or- 
dained or determined. 

PRE-OR-Da[N'ING, ppr. Ordaining beforehand. 
PRE-OR'DI-NANCE, n. [prc and ordinance.] Antecedent 
decree or determination. Shah. 

PRE-OR'DI-NATE, a. Foreordained. \_Littlc used.] 
PRE-OR-DI-Na^TION, n. The act of foreordaining ; pre- 
vious determination. Fotherhy. 

PRE-PaR^A-BLE, a. Tliat may be prepared. Boyle. 
t PREP'A-RATE, pa7't. [h. preparatus.] Prepared. 

PREP- A-R action, n. [L. prwparatio.] 1. The act or ope- 
ration of preparing or fitting for a particular purpose, use, 
service or condition. 2, Previous measures of adaptation. 
3. Ceremonious introduction ; [imwsifoL] SJiak. 4. That 
which is prepared, made or compounded for a particular 
purpose. 5. The state of being prepared or in readiness. 
6. Accomplishment; qualification; [o6s.] 7. In pharma- 
cij, any medicinal substance fitted for the use of the pa- 
tient. — 8. In anatomy^ the parts of animal bodies prepared 
and preserved for anatomical uses. 

PRE-PAR' A-TiVE, a. \\i. preparativo ; Fr. preparatif.] 
Tending to prepare or make ready ; having the power of 
preparing, qualifying or fitting for any thing ; preparatory. 
PRE-PAll'A-TiVE, n. 1. That which has the power of pre- 
paring or previously fitting for a purpose ; that which 
prepares. 2. That which is done to prevent an evil or 
secure some good. 3. Preparation. 

PRE-PAR' A-TIVE-LY, adv. By way of preparation. Hale. 
PRE-PAR' A-TO-RY, a. [It., Sp. preparatorio ; Fr. prepar- 
atoire.] 1. Previously necessary ; useful or qualifying ; 
preparing the way for any thing by previous measures of 
adaptation. 2. Introductory ; previous ; antecedent and 
adapted to wliat follows. 

PRE-PARE', V. t. [Fr. jireparer ,* It. preparare : Sp., Port. 
prcparar ; L. prceparo.] 1. In a general sense, to fit, adapt 
or qualify for a particular purpose, end, use, service or 
state, by any means whatever. 2. To make ready. 3. 
To provide ; to procure as suitable. 4. To set; to estab- 
lish. 5. To appoint. 6. To guide, direct or establish. 
I Chron. xxix. 

PRE-PARE', V. i. 1. To make all things ready ; to put 
things in suitable order. 2. To take the necessary pre- 
vious measures. 3. To make one’s self ready, 
t PRE-PARE', n. Preparation. Shah. 

PRE-PAR'ED, (pre-pird') pp. Fitted ; adapted; made suit- 
able ; made ready; provided. 

PRE-PAR'ED-LY, adv. With suitable previous measures. 
PRE-PAR'ED-NE8S, n. The state of being prepared or in 
readiness. South. 

PRE-PAR'ER, n. 1 . One that prepares, fits or makes ready. 
2. One that provides. 3. That which fits or makes suita- 
ble. 

PRE-PAR'ING, ppr. Fitting; adapting; making ready; 
providing. 

PRE-PENSE', (pre-pens') a. [h. prcepensus.] Preconceived; 

premeditated ; aforethought, 
t PRE-PENSE', V. t. To w’eigh or consider beforehand. 
tPRE-PEN8E', V. i. To deliberate beforehand. 
PRE-PENS'ED, (pre-penst') pp. or a. Previously conceived ; 
premeditated. [Little used.] 

PRE-POL'LENCE, > n. [L. prcspollcns.] Prevalence ; su- 
PRE-POL'LEN-CY, ) periority of power. Coventry. 
PRE-POL'LENT, a. Having superior gravity or power; 
prevailing. Boyle. 

t PRE-POx\D'ER, r. t. To outweigh. Wolton. 
PRE-POND'ER-ANCE, \ n. [See Preponderate.] 1. An 
PRE-POND'ER-AN-CY, ( outweighing ; superiority of 
w'eight. 2. Superiority of power, force or weight; in a 
figurative sense. 

PRE-POND'ER-ANT, a. Outweighing. Reid. 
PRE-POND'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. jwiepondero.] 1. To out- 
weigh ; to overpower by weight. 2. To overpower by 
stronger influence or moral power. 

PRE-POND'ER-ATE, v. i. 1. To exceed in weight; hence, 
to incline or descend, as the scale of a balance. 2. To 
exceed in influence or power ; hence, to incline to one side. 
PRE-POND'ER-A-TIx\G, ppr. Outweighing ; inclining to 
one side. 

PRE-PON D-ER-a'TION, n. The act or state of outweigh- 
ing any thing, or of inclining to one side. Watts. 
PRE-Po'SE', V. t. [Fr. preposer.] 'Po put before. [JVot 
much used.] Focaloir. 


PREP-0-SI''TION, n. [Fr.; L. preepositio.] In grammar, a 
word usually put before another to express some relation 
or quality, action or motion to or from the thing spe- 
cified. 

PREP-0-Si"TION-AL, a. Pertaining to a preposition, or to 
preceding position. Encyc. 

PRE-POS'I-TIVE, a. Put before. Jones. 

PRE-POS'I-TIVE, n. A word or particle put before another 
word. Jones. 

PRE-P0.8'I-TOR, 71. [L. preepositor.] A scholar appointed 
by the instructor to inspect other scholars. 

PRE-POS'I-TURE, ?{. The office or place of a provost ; a 
provostship. 

PRE-POS-SESS', V. t. 1. To preoccupy, as ground or land : 
to take previous possession of. 2. To preoccupy the mind 
or heart so as to preclude other things ; hence, to bias or 
prejudice. See * Possess. 

PRE-POS-SESS'ED, (pre-pos-sest') pp. Preoccupied ; in- 
clined previously to favor or disfavor. 

PRE-POS-SESS'ING, ppr. 1. Taking previous possession. 
2. a. Tending to invite favor; having power to secure the 
possession of favor, esteem or love. 

PRE-POS-SES'SION, n. 1. Preoccupation ; prior possession. 
2. Preconceived opinion ; the eftect of previous impres- 
sions on the mind or heart, in favor or against any person 
or thing. It is often used in a good sense ; sometimes it 
is equivalent to prejudice, and sometimes a softer name 
for it. In general, it conveys an idea less odious than 
prejudice ^ as the prepossessions education. South. 

PRE-POS'TER-OUS, a. [E. pra:posterus.] 1. Literally, hav- 
ing that first which ought to be last; inv'vted in order. 
2. Perverted ; wrong ; absurd ; contrary to nature or rea- 
son ; not adapted to the end. 3. Foolish ; absurd. 

PRE-POS'TER-OUS-LY, adv. In a wrong or inverted or- 
der ; absurdly ; foolishly. Bentley. 

PRE-POS'TER-OUS-NESS, 7i. Wrong order or method ; 
absurdity ; inconsistency with nature or reason. 

PRE-P6'TEN-CY, n. [L. preepotentia.] Superior power; 
predominance. [Little used.] Brown. 

PRE-Po'TENT, a. [E. preepotens.] Very powerful. [L. a.] 

PRe'PHCE, n. [Fr. ; L. preeputium.] 3’he foreskin ; a pro- 
longation of the cutis of the penis, covering the glans. 

PRE-RE-MoTE', a. [pre and remote.] More remote in pre- 
vious time or prior order. 

PRE-RE-QUiRE', V. t. [pre and require.] To require pre- 
viously. Hammond. 

PRE-RECl'UI-SiTE, a. [pre and requisite.] Previously 
required or necessary to something subsequent. 

PRE-REQ,'UI-SlTE, n. Something that is previously re- 
quired or necessary to the end proposed. 

PR E-RE-SOL VE', v. t. To resolve previously. 

PRE-RE-SOLV'ED, (pre-re-zolvd') pp. Resolved before- 
hand ; previously determined. 

PRE-RE-SOLV'ING, ppr. Resolving beforehand. 

PRE-ROG'A-TlVE, n. [Fr.; It. prerogative L. preeroga- 
tiva.] An exclusive or peculiar privilege. 

PRE-ROG'A-TIVE-€oURT, n. In Great Britain, a court 
for the trial of all testamentary causes, where the de- 
ceased has left bona notabilia, or effects of the value of 
five pounds, in two different dioceses. 

PRE-ROG'x\-TIVED, a. Having prerogative. [Little used.] 
Shah. 

PRE-ROG'A-TiV'E-OF'FiCE, n. The office in which the 
wills proved in the prerogative court are registered. 

PRES, PREST, seem to be derived from the Saxon preost, 
a priest ; it being usual, in after times, to drop the letter 
0 in like cases. Gibson. 

* PRe'SAGE, or PRES' AGE, ??. [Fr.; Sp., It. presagio ; L 
preesagium.] Something which foreshows a future event ; 
a prognostic ; a present fact indicating something to come. 

PRE-SaGE', V. t. ]. To forebode ; to foreshow ; to indicate 
by some present fact what is to follow or come to pass. 
2. To foretell ; to predict ; to prophesy. 

PRE-SaGE', V. i. To form or utter a prediction ; with of. 

PRE-Sa'GED, (pre-sajd') pp. Foreboded ; foreshown ; fore- 
told. 

PRE-SaGE'FUL, a. Full of presages ; containing presages. 

PRE-SaGE'MENT, n. 1. A foreboding ; foretoken. Wotton. 
2. A foretelling ; prediction. 

PRE-Sa'GER, n. A foreteller ; a foreshower. Shah. 

PRE-Sa'GING, ppr. Foreshowing ; foretelling. 

PRES'BY-TER, 11 . [Gr. upea(jvrepog.] 1. In the primitive 
Christian church, an elder ; a person somewhat advanced 
in age, who had authority in the church. 2. A priest; a 
person who has the pastoral charge of a particular church 
and congregation ; called, in the Saxon laws, mass-priest. 
Hooher. 3. A Presbyterian. Butler. 

PRES-BY-Te'RI-AL, \a. I. Pertaining to a presbyter, or 

PRES-BY-Te'RI-AN, \ to ecclesiastical government by 
presbyters. 2. Consisting of presbyters. 

PRES-BY-Te'RI-AN, n. 1. One that maintains the validity 
of ordination and government by presbyters. 2. One that 
belongs to a church governed by presbyters. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE BULT., IGNITE.— C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


PRE 


G36 


PRE 


PRES-BY-Te'RI-AN-ISM, 7f. The doctrines, principles 
and discipline or government of Presbyterians. Addison. 

PRES'BY-TER-Y, n. 1. A body of elders in the Christian 
church, — 2. In ecclesiastical government, n indicatory con- 
sisting of all the pastors of churches wutliin a certain dis- 
trict, and one ruling elder, a layman, from each parish, 
commissioned to represent the parish in conjunction with 
the minister. 3. Tlie Presbyterian religion. 

^ PRESCIENCE, (pre-si'ense, orpre'shens) n. [Low Ij.prce- 
scientia.~\ Foreknowledge j knowledge of events before 
they take place. 

* PRESCIENT, (pre-sl'ent, or pre'shent) a. Foreknowing ; 
having knowledge of events before they take place. Pope. 

PRE-SCIND', r. t. [L. To cutoffj to abstract. 

PRE-SCIND'ENT, a. Cutting off; abstracting. Cheijne. 

PRe'SCIOUS, a. [L. pi'cescins.] Foreknowing; having 
foreknowledge. Dryden. 

PRE-SCRIBE', V. t. [L. prmscribo.] 1. In medicine, to di- 
rect, as a remedy to be used or applied to a diseased pa- 
tient. 2. To set or lay down authoritatively for direction ; 
to give as a rule of conduct. 3. To direct. 

PRE-SCRIBE', v.i. 1. To write or give medical directions ; 
to direct what remedies are to be used. 2. To give law ; 
to inliuence arbitrarily. — 3. In law, to claim by prescrip- 
tion ; to claim a title to a thing by immemorial use and 
enjoyment. 4. To influence by long use; [065.] 

PRE-SCRTB'ED, (pre-skribd') jtp. Directed ; ordered. 

PRE-SCRIB'ER, n. One that prescribes. 

PRE-SCRIB'ING, ppr. Directing ; giving as a rule of con- 
duct or treatment. 

PRe'SCRIP”', a. [L. prcescriptus .i Directed; prescribed. 

PRe'SCRIPT, n. [L. prcescripUim.\ 1. A direction ; a med- 
ical order for the use of medicines. 2. Direction ; pre- 
cept ; model prescribed. 

PRE-SCRIP'TI-BLE, a. That may be prescribed for. 

PRE-SCRIP'TION, n. [L. prwscriptio.i 1. The act of 
prescribing or directing by rules ; or that which is pre- 
scribed ; particularly, a medical direction of remedies for 
a disease and the manner of using them ; a recipe. — 2. In 
laic, a prescribing for title ; the claim of title to a thing by 
virtue of immemorial use and enjoyment ; or the right 
to a thing derived from such use. — ^3. In Scots law, the 
title to lands acquired by uninterrupted possession for 
the time which the law declares to be sufficient, or 40 
years. 

PRE-SGRIP'TiVE, a. 1. Consisting in or acquired by im- 
memorial use and enjoyment. 2. Pleading the contin- 
uance and authority of custom. Hurd. 

t PRES'E-ANCE, n. [Fr.] Priority of place in sitting. 

PRES'ENCE, n. [Fr. L. prcesentia.i 1. The existence of 
a peison or thing in a certain place. 2. A being in com- 
pany near or before the face of another. 3. Approach 
face to face or nearness of a great personage. 4. State of 
being in view ; sight. — 5. By way of distinction, state of 
being in view of a superior. 6. A number assembled be- 
fore a great person. 7. Port ; mien ; air ; personal ap- 
pearance ; demeanor. 8. The apartment in which a 
prince shows himself to his court. 9. The person of a supe- 
rior. — Presence of mind, a calm, collected state of the mind 
with its faculties at command. Waller. 

PRES'ENCE-CHaM-BER, ) n. The room in which a 

PR.EfS'ENCE-llOOM, ^ great personage receives 

company. 

PRE-SEN-SA'TION, n. Previous notion or idea. 

PRE-SEN'SION, n. [L. prccsensio.'] Previous perception. 
[Little 7fsc<Z.] Brown. 

PRES'ENT, a. [Fr. present j L. prwsens.'] 1. Being in a 
certain place ; opposed to absent. 2. Being before the 
face, or near ; being in company. 3. Being now in view 
or under consideration. 4. Now existing, or being at this 
time ; not past or future. 5. Ready at hand ; quick in 
emergency. G. Favorably attentive ; not heedless ; pro- 
pitious. 7. Not absent of mind ; not abstracted ; atten- 
tive. — The present, an elliptical expression ^ol^ the present 
time. Milton. — At present, elliptically for at the present 
time. — Present tense, in grammar, the tense or form of 
a verb which expresses action or being in the present 
time. 

PRES'ENT, n. [Fr.] That which is presented or given ; a 
gift ; a donative ; something given or offered to another 
gratuitously. — Presents, in the plural, is used in law for a 
deed of conveyance, a lease, letter of attorney or other 
writing ; as in the phrase, “ Know all men by these jnws- 
ents.^^ 

PRE-SENT', V. t. [Low L. prwsento ; Fr. presenter.i 1. 
To set, place or introduce into the presence or before the 
face of a superior. 2. To exhibit to view or notice. 3. 
To offer ; to exhibit. 4. To give ; to offer gratuitously 
for reception. 5. To put into tlie hands of another in cer- 
emony. 6. To favor with a gift. 7. To nominate to an 
ecclesiastical benefice ; to offer to the bishop or ordinary 
as a candidate for institution. 8. To offer. 9. To lay 
before a public body for consideration, as before a legis- 


lature, a court of judicature, a corporation, &c. 10. To 
lay before a court of judicature as an object of inquiry ; 
to give notice officially of a crime or offense. 11. To 
point a weapon, particularly some species of fire-arms. 
12. To indict ; a customary use of the word in the United 
States. 

PRE-SENT'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be presented ; that 
may be exhibited or represented. Burke. 2. That may 
be offered to a cliurch living. 3. That admits of the pres- 
entation of a clerk ; [unusual.] 

PRES-EN-TA'NE-OUy, a. [L. prwsentaneus.] Ready ; 
quick ; immediate. Harvey. 

PRES-EN-TA'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of presenting. 

2. Exhibition; representation; display. — 3. In ecclesiasti- 
cal law, the act of offering a clerk to the bishop or ordina- 
ry for institution in a benefice. 4. The right of present- 
ing a clerk. 

PRE-.SENT'A-TlVE, a. 1. In ecclesiastical affairs, that 
has the right of presentation, or offering a clerk to the 
bishop for institution. 2. That admits the presentation of 
rt cl^rk 

PRE-SENT'ED, pp. Offered ; given ; exhibited to view ; 
accused. 

PRES'EN-TEE, n. One presented to a benefice. Ayliffe. 

PRE-SENT'ER, n. One that presents. 

PRE-SEN'TIAL,o. Supposing actual presence. [Little used.] 
JVorris. 


PRES-EN-TIAL'I-TY, n. The state of being present. [Lit- 
tle used.] 

PRE-SEIvTIAL-LY, adv. In a way which supposes actual 
presence. More. 

PRE-SEN'TIATE, v. t. To make present. [L. u.] Grew. 

t pees-InItifIiSal, I “• ''>=‘'^'"8 

j PRES-EN-TIF'I€-LY, adv. In such a manner as to make 
present. More. 

PRE-SENT'I-MENT, 77. [pre and sentiment.] Previous con- 
ception, sentiment or opinion ; previous apprehension of 
something future. Butler. 

PRES'ENT-LY, adv. 1. At present ; at this time ; [0&5.] 
Sidney. 2. In a short time after ; soon after. 3. Imme- 
diately. 

PRE SENTMENT, n. 1. The act of presenting. 2. Ap- 
pearance to the view; representation. — 3. In law, a pre- 
sentment, properly speaking, is the notice taken by a 
grand jury of any offense from their own knowledge" or 
observation, without any bill of indictment laid before 
them. Blaclcstone. — 4. In a more general sense, present- 
ment comprehends inquisitions of office and indictments. 
Blackstone. — In the United States, a presentment is an offi- 
cial accusation presented to a tribunal by the grand jury 
in an indictment ; or it is the act of oAering an indict- 
ment. It is also used for the indictment itself. 5. The 
official notice in court which the jury or homage gives of 
the surrender of a copyhold estate. Blackstone. 

t PRES'ENT-NESi8, ?i. Presence. Clarendon. 

PRE-SERV'A-BLE, a. That may be preserved. 

PRES-ER-VA'TION, n. [ft. preservaiione ; 8p. preserva- 
cion.] The act of preserving or keeping safe ; the act of 
keeping from injury, destruction or decay. 

PRE-SERV'A-TiVE, a. [It. preservativo ; Fr. preservatif] 
Having the power or quality of keeping safe fiom injury, 
destruction or decay ; tending to preserve. 

PRE-SERV'A-TlVE, n. 1’hat which preserves or has 
the power of preserving ; a preventive of injury or de- 
cay. 

PRE-SERV'A-TO-RY, a. That tends to preserve. Hall. 

PRE-SERV'A-TO-RY, n. That which has the power of 
preserving ; a preservative. Whitlock. 

PRE-SERVE', (pre-zerv') v. t. [Fr. preserver ; It. preserv- 
are.] 1. To keep or save from injury or destruction ; to 
defend from evil. 2. To uphold ; to sustain. 3. To save 
from decay ; to keep in a sound state. 4. To season with 
sugar or other substances for preservation. 5. To keep 
or defend from corruption. 

PRE-$ERVE', (pre-zerv') n. Fruit or a vegetable seasoned 
and kept in sugar or sirup. Mortimer. 

PRE-SERV'ED, (pre-zervd') pp. Saved from injurj', de- 
struction or decay ; kept or defended from evil ; seasoned 
with sugar for preservation. 

PRE-SERV'ER, n. 1. The person or thing that preserves ; 
one that saves or defends from destruction or evil. 2. 
One that makes preserves of fruits. 

PRE-SERV'ING, ppr. Keeping safe from injur}', destruc- 
tion or decay ; defending from evil. 

PRE-SIDE', 7J. 7. [L. prwsideo ; Fr. preside?'.] 1. To be set 
over for the exercise of authority ; to direct, control and 
govern, as the chief officer. 2. To exercise superintend- 
ence ; to watch over as inspector. 

PRES'I-DEN-CY, n. 1. Superintendence; inspection and 
care. 2. The office of president. 3. The term during which 
a president holds his office. 4. The jurisdiction of a pres- 
ident. 5. The family or suit of a president. 

PRES'I-DENT, n. [Fr.; L. prwsidens.] 1. An officer elected 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, 0, D, Y, lon/r.—FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD ^Obsolete. 


PRE 


637 


or aopoiiited to preside over a corporation, company or 
assembly of men, to keep order, manage their concerns 
or govern their proceedings. 2. An officer appointed or 
elected to govern a province or territory, or to administer 
the goverjiment of a nation. 3. The chief officer of a col- 
lege or university. U. States. 4. A tutelar power. — Vice- 
president, one who is second in authority to the president. 

PllES-I-DEN'TIAL, o. 1. Pertaining to a president. Walsh. 

2. Presiding over. GlanviUe. 

PRES'1-DENT-SHIP, n. 1. The office and place of pres- 
ident. 2. The term for which a president holds his office. 

PK C-SID I-AL, ) a. [L. pra:sidinm.'\ Pertaining to a 

PRE-SID IA-RV', ) garrison j having a garrison. Howell. 

PRE-SIG-NI-F1-0a'T1ON, n. The act of signifying or 
showing beforehand. Barrow. 

PRE-SIG'NI-FY, t. [pre and sigrifif.] To intimate or sig- 
nify beforehand ; to show previously. Pearson. 

PRESS, -u. t. [Fr. j^resser ; it. pressure.] 1. To urge with 
force or weight j a word of extensive use, denoting the 
application of any power, physical or moral, to something 
that is to be moved or affected. 2. To squeeze j to crush. 

3. To drive with violence j to hurry. 4. To urge ; to 
enforce j to inculcate with earnestness. 5. To embrace 
closely ; to hug. G. To force into service, particularly 
into naval service ; to impress. 7. To straiten ; to dis- 
tress. 8. To constmin ; to compel ; to urge by authority 
or necessity. 9. To urge ; to impose by importunity. 

30. To urge or solicit with earnestness or importunity. 

31. To urge ; to constrain. 12. To squeeze for making 
smooth ; as cloth or paper. 

PRESS, V. i. 1. To urge or strain in motion ; to urge for- 
ward with force. 2. To bear on with force ; to encroach. 
3. To bear on with force ; to crowd ; to throng. 4. To 
approach unseasonably or importunately. 5. To urge 
vrith vehemence and importunity 6. To urge by intlu- 
ence or moral force. 7. To push with force j as, to press 
against the door. 

PRESS, 71. [It. pressa; Fr. p?’e55c.] 1. An instrument or 

machine by which any body is squeezed, crushed or forced 
into a more compact form. 2. A machine for printing ; 
a printing-press. 3. The art or business of printing and 
publishing. 4. A crowd; a throng ; a multitude of indi- 
viduals crowded together. 5. The act of urging or push- 
ing forward. 6. A wine-vat or cistern. Hag. ii. 7. A 
case or closet for tjie safe keeping of garments. 8. Ur- 
gency ; urgent demands of affairs. 9. A commission to 
force men into public service, particularly into the navy. 
— Press of sail, in navigation, is as much sail as the .state 
of the wind will permit. — Liberty of the press, in civil pol- 
icy, is the free right cf publishing books, pamphlets or pa- 
pers without previous restraint. 

PRESS'-BE’D, n. A bed that may be raised and inclosed in 
a case. 

PRESSED, pp. Urged by force or weight ; constrained ; 
distressed ; crowded ; embraced. 

PRESS'ER, n. One that presses. 

PRESS'-GANG, n. A detachment of seamen under the 
command of an officer, empowered to impress men into 
the naval service. 

PRESS'ING, ppr. 1. Urging with force or weight ; squeez- 
ing ; constraining ; crowding ; embracing ; distressing ; 
forcing into service ; rolling in a press. 2. a. Urgent ; 
distressing. 

PRESS'ING, n. The act or operation of applying force to 
bodies. 

PRESS'ING-LY, flfZr. With force or urgency ; closely. 

PRES'SION, (presh'un) ??. [It. pressionc.] 1. The act of 
pressing. — ^2. In the Cartesian philosophy, an endeavor to 
move. 

t PRESS'I-TANT, a. Gravitating ; heavy. J\[orc. 

t PRESS'LY, adv. [T>. pressc.] Closely. .More. 

PRESS'MAN, n. 1. In printing, the man who manages 
tlie press and impresses the sheets. 2. One of a press- 
gansr, who aids in forcing men into the naval service. 

PREtfS'-lMoN-EV’', n. Money paid to a man impressed into 
public service. [See Prest-money.] Qay. 

PRESS'UllE, (presh'ur) n. [It., L. pressura.] 1. The act 
of pressing or urging with force. 2. The act of squeez- 
ing or crushing. 3. The state of being squeezed or crush- 
ed. 4. The force of one body acting on another by 
weight or the continued application of power. 5. A con- 
straining force or impulse ; that which urges or compels 
the intellectual or moral faculties. 6. That which af- 
flicts the body or depresses the spirits ; any severe afflic- 
tion, distress, calamity or grievance; straits, difficulties, 
embarrassments, or the distress they occasion. 7. Ur- 
gency ; as the pressure of business. 8. Impression ; 
stamp ; character impressed. — 9. In the steam-ensiine, high- 
pressure denotes a pressure greater than that of the atmos- 
phere ; low-pressure, a pressure not greater than that of 
the atmosphere. 

PREST, sometimes used for pressed. See Press. 

f PREST, a. [Old Fr. prest, or presto, now pr^t, pret, or 
preste.] 3. Ready; prompt. Fairfax. 2. Neat; tight. 


PRE 

f PREST, 71. [Fr. pret..] 1, A loan. Bacon. 2. Formerly, 
a duty in money. 

FREST^-]\I6N-EV, n. Money paid to men impressed into 
the service. Encyc. 

PRES-Ta'TION, ?<. [L. prcBstatio.] Forme;*!?/, a payment 
of moriey ; sometimes used for purveyance. 

PRES-Ta'TION-M6N-EY, v. A sum of money paid year- 
ly by archdeacons and other dignitaries to their bishop, 
pro exteriore jurisdictione. 

PRES'TER, n. [Gr. TrprjcTrip.] 1. A meteor thrown from 
the clouds with such violence, that by collision it is set 
on fire. 2. The external part of the neck, which swells 
when a person is angry. 

PRES'TI-GES, n. [h. pi'csstigice.] Juggling tricks ; impos- 
tures. 

PRES-TIG-I-a^TION, 77. [L. pj’wstiuice.] The playing of 
legerdemain tricks ; a juggling. Diet. 

PRES-'J’IG-I-a'TOR, 77. A juggler; a cheat. Jlloro. 

PRES-TIG'I-A-TO-RY, a. Juggling; consisting of impos- 
tures. 

PRES-TIG'I-OUS, a. Practicing tricks ; juggling. Bale. 

PRES'TI-MO-NY, n. [Port., 8p. prestimonio.] In canon 
law, a fund fur the support of a priest, appropriated by the 
founder. 

PRES'TO, adv. [Sp., It. presto", E. ptreesto.] 3. In 7?7U^7C, 
a direction for a quick, lively movement or performance. 
2. Quickly ; immediately ; in haste. Swift. 

PRE-STRIC'TION, n. [E. prcestrictus .] Dimness. 

PRE-SuM'A-BLE, a. [from presume.] That may be pre- 
sumed ; that may be supposed to be true or entitled to be- 
lief, without examination or direct evidence, or on proba- 
ble evidence. 

PRE-SuM^A-BLY, adv. By presuming or supposing seme- 
thing to be true, without direct proof. Brown. 

PRE-SuME', V. t. [Fr. presumer ", \l. presumere i Jj. prw- 
su7no.] To take or suppose to be true or entitled to belief, 
without examination or positive proof, or on the strength 
of probability. 

PRE-SuME', V. i. 1. To venture without positive permis- 
sion. 2. To form confident or arrogant opinions. 3. To 
make confident or arrogant attempts. 4. It has on or upon 
someEmes before the thing supposed. 

PRE-SuM'ED, (pre-zumd') pp. Supposed or taken to be 
true, or entitled to belief, without positive proof. 

PRE-SuM'ER, n. One that presumes; also, an arrogant 
person. Wotton. 

PRE-SuMTNG, ppr. 1. Taking as true, or supposing to be 
entitled to belief, on probable evidence. 2. a. Venturing 
without positive permission ; too confident ; arrogant ; 
unreasonably bold. 

PRE-.SUMP'TION, 11 . [Fr. presumption ; L. prcesumptlo.] 

1. Supposition of the truth or real existence of something 
without direct or positive proof of the fact. 2. Strong 
probability. 3. Blind or headstrong confidence ; unrea- 
sonable adventurousness ; a venturing to undertake 
something without reasonable prospect of success, or 
against the usual probabilities of safety ; presumptuous- 
ness. 4. Arrogance. 5. Unreasonable confidence in di- 
vine favor. 

PRE SUMP TIVE, a. 1. Taken by previous supposition ; 
grounded on probable evidence. 2. Unreasonably confi- 
dent; adventuring without reasonable ground to expect 
success ; presumptuous ; arrogant. — Presumptive evidence, 
in law, is that which is derived from circumstances which 
necessarily or usually attend a fact as distinct from direct 
evidence or ijositive proof. — Presumptive heir, one who 
would inherit an estate if the ancestor should die witli 
things in their present state, but whose right of inheri- 
tance may be defeated by the birth of a nearer heir before 
the death of the ancestor. 

PRE-SUMP'TIVE-LY, adv. By presumption, or supposi- 
tion grounded on probability. Burke. 

PRE-SUMP'TU-OUF, a. [Fr. presomptuenx ; It., Sp. pre- 
suntuGso.] 3. Bold and confident to excess; adventur- 
ing without reasonable ground of success; hazarding 
safety on too slight grounds ; rash. 2. Founded on pre- 
sumption ; proceeding from excess of confidence. 3. Ar- 
rogant ; insolent. 4- Unduly confident ; irreverent with 
respect to sacred things. 5. Willful ; done with bold de- 
sign, rash confidence or in violation of known dut 5 ^ 

PRE-SUMP'TU-OUS-LY, adv. 3. With rash confidence. 

2. Arrogantly ; insolently. 3. Willfully ; in bold defi- 
ance of conscience or violation of known dut)\ 4. 
With groundless and vain confidence in the divine fa- 
vor. 

PRE-SUMFTU-OUS-NESS, 77. The quality of being pre- 
sumptuous or rashly confident ; groundless confidence ; 
arrogance ; irreverent boldness or forwardness. 

PRE-SUP-Po'SAL, 77. [pre and svpposal.] Supposal previ- 
ously formed ; presupposition. Hooker. 

PRE-SUP-PoSE', t’. f. [Fr. presvpposer ; It. presupporre.] 
To suppose as previous ; to imply as antecedent. 

PRE-SUP-PoS'ED, (pre-sup-p5zd') Supposed to be ante- 
cedent. 


t Obsolete, 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; f? as Z ; CH as SH ; TII as in this. 


I 


PRE 638 PRE 


PRE-SUP-P5S'ING, ppr. Supposing as previous. 

PRE-SUP-PO-SI''TION, 71. 1. Supposition previously form- 
ed. 2. Supposition of something antecedent. 

PRE-SUR-MISE', n. A surmise previously formed. 

PRE-TEND', V. t. [L. prcetcndo ; Fr. pretendre.l 1. Lit- 
erally^ to reach or stretch forward. 2. To hold out, as a 
false appearance ; to offer something feigned instead of 
that which is real ; to simulate, in Words or actions. 3. 
To show hypocritically. 4. To exhibit as a cover for 
something hidden ; 5. To claim. 6. To intend j 

to design ; [ 0 / 75 .] 

PRE-TEND', V. i. To put in a claim, truly or falsely ; to 
hold out the appearance of being, possessing or perform- 
ing. 

PRE-TEND^ED, pp. 1. Held out, as a false appearance ; 
feigned ; simulated. 2. a. Ostensible ; hypocritical. 

PRE-TEND'ED-LY, adc. By false appearance or represen- 
tation. Hammond. 

PRE-TEND'ER, n. 1. One who makes a show of some- 
thing not real ; one who lays claim to any thing. — 2. In 
English history, the heir of the royal family of Stuart, who 
laid claim to the crown of Great Britain, but was exclud- 
ed by law. 

PRE-TEND'ER-SHIP, n. The claim of the Pretender. 

PRE-TEiVDTNG, ppr. Holding out a false appearance j 
laying claim to. 

PRE-TEIVD4NG-LY, adv. Arrogantly ; presumptuously. 

PRE-TEiVSE', (pre-tens') 71. [L. jJrcBtensus.] 1. A holding 
out or offering to others something false or feigned ; a pre- 
senting to others a false or hypocritical appearance. 2. 
Assumption ; claim to notice. 3. Claim, true or false. 4. 
Something held out to terrify or for other purpose. 

PRE-TENS'ED, (pre-tenst') a. Pretended j feigned. [Little 
used.] Encyc. 

PRE-TEN'SION, ?i. [It. pretensione ; Fr. 2 )rete??tion.] 1. 
Claim, true or false ; a holding out the appearance of right 
or possession of a thing, with a view to make others be- 
lieve what is not real, or what, if true, is not yet known 
or admitted. 2. Claim to something to be obtained, or a 
desire to obtain something, manifested by words or ac- 
tions. 3. Fictitious appearance ; [ 0 & 5 .] 

PRE-TENT' A-TIVE, a. [L. prce nna tento.] That may be 
previously tried or attempted. [Little used.] Wotton. 

PRe'TER, a Latin preposition, 'prceter,] is used in some 
English words as a prefix. Its proper signification is be- 
yond, hence, beside, more. 

PRE-TER-IM-PER'FECT, a. [beyond or beside unfinish- 
ed.] In (rrammar, designating the tense which expresses 
action or being not perfectly past. 

PRe'TER-IT, a. [L. prceteritus.] Past ; applied to the tense 
in grammar which expresses an action or being perfectly 
past or finished, often that which is just past or completed, 
but without a specification of time. 

PRE-TER-I''TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of going past ; the 

state of being past. — 2. In rhetoric, a figure by which, in 
pretending to pass^over any thing, we make a summary 
mention of it. 

PRe'TER-IT-NESS, n. The state of being past. [L. u.] 

PRE-TER-LAPS'ED, (pre-ter-lapst') a. [L. prccterlapsus.] 
Past ; gone_by. 

PRE-TER-Le'GAL, a. [L. prceter, and legal.] Exceeding 
the limits of law ; not legal. [Little used.] K. Charles. 

PRE-TER-MIS'SION, n. [L. prcetermissio.] 1. A pass- 
ing by ', omission. — 2. In rhetoric, the same as prcteri- 
tion. 

PRE-TER-MIT', v. t. [L. praterjnitto.] To pass by ; to omit. 
Bacon. 

PRE-TER-NAT'U-RAL, a. [L. prceter and natural.] Be- 
yond what is natural, or different from what is natural ; 
irregular. We call those events in the physical world 
preternatural, which are extraordinary, which are deemed 
to be beyond or without the ordinary course of things, and 
yet are not deemed miraculous ; in distinction from events 
which are supernatural, which cannot be produced by 
physical laws or powers, and must therefore be produced 
by a direct exertion of omnipotence. We also apply the 
epithet to things uncommon or irregular j as preternatu- 
ral swelling. 

PRE-TER-NAT-U-RAL'I-TY, 71. Preternaturalness. [Lit- 
tle l/.5Cd.] 

PRE-TER-NAT'H-RAL-LY, adv. In a manner beyond or 
aside from the common order of nature. 

PRE-TER-NAT'U-RAL-NESS, n. A state or manner dif- 
ferent from the common order of nature. 

PRE-TER-PER'FEGT, a. [L. prceter iind.perfectus.] Literal- 
ly, more than complete or finished ; an epithet, in grammar, 
equivalent to preterit, applied to the tense of verbs which 
expresses action or being absolutely past. 

PRE-TER-PLU-PER'FEGT, a. [L. prceter, plus, and per- 
fectus.] Literally, beyond more than perfect ; an epithet, 
in grammar, designating the tense of verbs which ex- 
presses action or being past prior to another past event or 
time. 


* PRE-TEXT', n. [L. prcetextus ; Fr. pretexte.] Pretense; 
false appearance ; ostensible reason or motive assigned or 
assumed as a color or cover for the real reason or motive. 

PRPLTEX'TA, 71. The robe that was worn by the youths 
of old Rome under seventeen years of age. 

PRe'TOR, 71. [L. praitor.] Among the ancient Romans, a 
judge ; an officer answering to the modern chief justice 
or chancellor, or to both. 

PRE-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a pretor or judge ; judi- 
cial. 

PRE-To'RI-xA.N, a. Belonging to a pretor or judge ; judicial ; 
exercised by tlie pretor. — Pretor ian bands, or guards, in 
Roman history, were the emperor’s guards. 

PRe'TOR-SHIP, n. The office of pretor. Warton. 

PRPjT'TI-LY, (prit'te-ly) adv. I. In a pretty manner; with 
neatness and taste ; pleasingly ; without magnificence ^pr 
splendor. 2. With decency, good manners and decorum 
without dignity. 

PRET'TI-NESS, (prit te-nes) n. 1. Diminutive beauty ; a 
pleasing form without stateliness or dignity. More. 2. 
Neatness and taste displayed on small objects. 3. Decen- 
cy of manners ; pleasing propriety without dignity or ele- 
vation. 

PRET'TY, (prit'ty) a. [Sax. prcete, prcetig ; Dan. prydet ; 
Sw. prijdd ; W. pryd.] 1. Having diminutive beauty ; of 
a pleasing form without the strong lines of beauty, or 
without gracefulness and dignity. 2. Neat and appro- 
priate without magnificence or splendor. 3. Handsome ; 
neatly arranged or ornamented. 4. Neat; elegant with- 
out elevation or grandeur. 5. Sly ; crafty. 6. Small ; 
diminutive ; in contempt. 7. Not very small ; moderate- 
ly large ; [c^»s.] 

PRET'TY, (prit'ty) adv. In some degree; tolerably; mod- 
erately. Atterbury. 

PRE-TYP'I-FlED, pp. Antecedently represented by type ; 
prefigured. 

PRE-TYP'I-Fy, V. t. [pre and typify.] To prefigure : to ex- 
hibit previously in a type. Pearson. 

PRE-TYP'I-FY-ING, ppr. Prefiguring. 

PRE-VaIL', V. i. [Fr. prevaloir ; It. prevalere ; L. prcc- 
valeo.] 1. To overcome ; to gain the victory or superiori- 
ty ; to gain the advantage. 2. To be in force ; to have 
effect, power or influence. 3. To be predominant ; to 
extend over with force or effect. 4. To gain or have pre- 
dominant influence ; to operate with effect. 5. To per- 
suade or induce ; with on or upon. G. To succeed. 

PRE-VaIL'ING, ppr. 1. Gaining advantage, superiority or 
victory; having effect; persuading; succeeding. 2. c. 
Predominant ; having more influence ; prevalent ; superior 
in power. 3. Efficacious. 4. Predominant ; most gen- 
eral . 

PRE-VaIL'MENT, 71. Prevalence. [Little used.] Shale. 

PREV'A-LENCE, In. 1. Superior strength, influence or ef- 

PREV'A-LEN-CY, ) ficacy ; most efficacious force in pro- 
ducing an effect. 2. Predominance ; most general recep- 
tion or practice. 3. Most general existence or extension. 
4. Success. 

PREV'A-LENT, a. 1. Gaining advantage or superiority; 
victorious. 2. Powerful ; efficacious ; successful. 3. Pre- 
dominant ; most generally received or current. 4. Pre- 
dominant ; most general ; extensively existing. 

PREV'A-LENT-LY, adv. With predominance or superiori- 
ty ; powerfully. 

PRE-VAR'I-€ATE, V. i. [It. prevaricare ; Sp. prevaricar 2 
Yr. prevariquer \j. prcevaHcor.] 1. To shuffle ; to quib- 
ble ; to shift or turn from one side to the other, from the 
direct course or from truth ; to play foul play. — 2. In the 
civil lam, to collude ; as where an informer colludes with 
the defendant, and makes a sham prosecution. — 3. In 
English law, to undertake a thing falsely and deceitfully, 
with the purpose of defeating or destroying it. 

PRE-VAR'I-€ATE, V. t. To pervert ; to corrupt ; to evade 
by a quibble. [L. ti.] 

PRE-VAR-I-Ga'TION, 77 . 1. A shuffling or quibbling to 
evade the truth or the disclosure of truth ; the practice of 
some trick for evading what is just or honorable ; a devia- 
tion from the plain path of truth and fair dealing. — 2. In 
the civil laic, the collusion of an informer with the defend- 
ant, for the purpose of making a sham prosecution. — 3. In 
common law, a seeming to undertake a thing falsely or de- 
ceitfully, for the purpose of defeating or destroying it. 4. 
A secret abuse in the exercise of a public office or com- 
mission. 

PRE-VAR'I-€A-TOR, n. J. One that prevaricates ; a shuf- 
fler ; a quibbler. 2. A sham dealer ; one who colludes 
with a defendant in a sham prosecution. 3. One who 
abuses his trust. 

fPRE-VENE', v.t. [\j. pnevenio.] Z-itcraZ/y, to come be- 
fore ; hence, to hinder. Philips. 

PRE-Vk'NI-ENT, a. [L. prwvenicns.] Going before; pro- 
ceding; hence, preventive. Milton. 

PRE-VENT', v.t. [It. prevenire; Sp., Fr. prevenir ; L. 
preevenio.] 1. To go before ; to precede. 2. To precede, 
as something unexpected or unsought. 3. To go before ; 


I PRE-TEX', V. t. [L. preetexo.] To cloak ; to conceal. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long.— FA.R, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;- 


t Obsolete. 


PRI 


639 


PRI 


to precede ; to favor by anticipation or by hindering dis- 
tress or evil. 4. To anticipate. 5. Topreoccupy; to pre- 
engage ; to attempt first. [In all the preceding senses, the 
word is obsolete.] 6. To hinder ; to obstruct ; to intercept 
the approach or access of. This is now the only sense. 

t PKE-VENT', V. i. To come before the usual time. Bacon. 

PRE-VENT' A-BLE, a. That may be prevented. 

PRE-VENT'ED, 2;p. Hindered from happening. 

PllE-VENT'ER, n. 1. One that goes before ; [0&5.] Bacon. 

2. One that hinders ; a hinderer ; that which hinders. 

PRE-VENT'lNG,2jpr. 1. Going before ; 2. Hinder- 

ing ; obviating. 

PRE-VENT'ING-LY, adv. In such a manner or way as to 
hinder. Dr. Walker. 

PRE-V EN'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of going before ; [«&5.] 
Bacon. 2. Preoccupation ; anticipation ; [/. «.] 3. The 

act of hindering ; hinderance ; obstruction of access or ap- 
proach. 4. Prejudice; prepossession; a French sense, 
but not in use in Fnglish. 

PRE-VEN'TION-AL, fl. Tending to prevent. Diet. 

PRE-VENT'iVE, a. Tending to hinder 3 Jiindering the ac- 
cess of. Brown. 

PRE-VENT'IV'E, n. 1. That which prevents; that which 
intercepts the access or approach of. 2. An antidote pre- 
viously taken. 

PRE-VENT'IVE-LY, adv. By way of prevention ; in a 
nninner that tends to hinder. 

PRic'VI-OUS, a. [L. pricvius.] Going before in time; be- 
ing or happening before something else ; antecedent ; 
pnor. 

PRe Vl-OLTS-LY, adc. In time preceding; beforehand; 
antecedently. 

PRk'VT-OUS-NESS, n. Antecedence; priority in time. 

PRE-VI"r?ION, n. [L. pravisus.] Foresight; foreknowl- 
edge ; prescience. Encyc. 

PRE-VVARN', V. t. [Sec Warn.] To warn beforehand ; to 
give previous notice of. Beaumont. 

PREV, /?. [L. prada ; It. preda ; Fr. proie ; Arm. preyz, or 
preih.] I. Spoil ; booty ; plunder; goods taken by force 
from an enemy in w'ar. 2. That which is seized or may 
be seized by violence to be devoured ; ravine. 3. Ravage ; 
depredation. — Animal or beast of prey is a carnivorous 
animal ; one that feeds on the flesh of other animals. 

PR EV, V. i. 1. To prey on or upon, is to rob ; to plunder ; to 
pillage. 2. To feed by violence, or to seize and devour. 

3. To corrode ; to waste gradually ; to cause to pine 
aw'ay. 

PREY'ER, n. lie or that which preys; a plunderer; a 
w'aster ; a devourer. 

IREY'ING, ppr. Plundering; corroding; wasting gradual- 
ly. 

PRl'A-PISM, n. [1 j. priajHsmns.] A preternatural tension. 

PRICE, n. [Fr. jrriz ,* It. prezzo ; Sp. precio ,* Arm. pris ,• 13. 
prys ; Q.preis; Dan. priis ; E.prctiiun.] 1. The sum or 
amount of money at which a thing is valued, or the val- 
ue which a seller sets on his goods in market. 2. The sum 
or equivalent given for an article sold. 3. The current 
value or rate paid for any species of goods. 4. Value ; es- 
timation ; excellence ; worth. 5. Reward ; recompense. — 
The price of redemption is the atonement of Jesus Christ. 

1 Cor. vi. — A price in the hands of a fool, the valuable of- 
fers of salvation, wliich he neglects. Frov. xvii. 

PRICE, i‘. t. 1. To pay for. 2. To set a price on. 

PRTCE'LESS, a. 1. Invaluable ; too valuable to admit of a 
price. Shale. 2. Without value ; worthless or unsalable. 

Barlow. 

PRICK, V. t. [Sax. priccian ; D. prikken ^ j>Tikkcr ; 

Sw. pricka.] 1. To pierce with a sharp-pointed instrument 
or substance. 2. To erect a pointed thing, or with an 
acuminated point ; applied chiefly to the ears. 3. To fix 
by the point. 4. To hang on a point. 5. To designate 
by a puncture or mark. C. To spur ; to goad ; to incite. 
7. To affect with sharp pain ; to sting with remorse. 8. 
To make acid or pungent to the taste. 9. To write a mu- 
sical composition with the proper notes on a scale. — 10. 
In seamen’s language, to ruiv^ middle seam through the 
cloth of a sail. — To prick a chart, is to trace a ship’s course 
on a chart. JSIar. Diet. 

PRICK, r. ?. ]. To become acid. 2. To dress one’s self for 
show. 3. To come upon the spur; to shoot .along. 4. 
To aim at a point, mark or place. 

PRICK, n. [Sax. pricca ; Sw. prick, orpreJea.] 1. A slender, 
pointed instrument, or substance which is hard enough to 
j)ierce the skin ; a goad ; a spur. 2. Sharp, stinging 
pain ; remorse. 3. A spot or mark at which archers aim. 

4. A point ; a fixed place. 5. A puncture or place en- 
tered by a point. 6. The print of a hare on the ground. 
— 7. In seamen’s language, a small roll. 

PRICKED, pp. Pierced with a sharp point ; spurred ; goad- 
ed.; stung with pain ; rendered acid or pungent ; marked ; 
designated. 

PRICK'ER, n. 1. A sharp-pointed instrument. — 2. In coZ- 
loqvial use, a prickle. 3. A light-horseman ; [065.] 

PRICK'ET, n. A buck in his second vear. Manwood. 

7 •• 


PRICK'ING, ppr. Piercing with a sharp point; goading; 
affecting with pungent pain ; making or becoming acid. 

PRICK'ING, n. A sensation of sharp pain, or of being 
pricked. 

PUIC'KLE, n. 1. In botany, a small pointed shoot or sharp 
process, growing from the hark. 2. A sharp-pointed 
process of an animal. 

PRIC'KLE-BACK, n. A small fish, so named from tho 
prickles on its back ; the stickle-hack . 

PRICK'LI-NESS, 11 . The state of having many prickles. 

PRICK'LOUSE, 11 . A low word, in contempt, for a tailor. 
L’ Estrange. 

PRICK'LY, a. Full of sharp points or prickles. Swift. 

PRICK'MAD-AM, n. A species of house-leek. 

PRICK'PUNCH, n. A piece of tempered steel with a round 
point, to prick a round mark on cold iron. Moxon. 

PRICK'SONG, n. A song set to music, or a variegated song ; 
in distinction from 0 . plain song. Shak. 

PRICK'VVOOD, n. A tree of the genus euonywous. 

PRIDE, 71. [^3.\.pryt, pryde.] 1. Inordinate self-esteem ; an 
unreasonable conceit of one’s own superiority in talents, 
beauty, wealth, accomplishments, rank or elevation in 
office, which manifests itself in lofty airs, distance, re- 
serve, and often in contempt of others. 2. Insolence; 
rude treatment of others ; insolent exultation. 3. Gener- 
ous elation of heart ; a noble self-esteem springing from a 
consciousness of worth. 4. Elevation ; loftiness. .3. Dec- 
oration ; ornament; beauty displayed. 6. Splendid show ; 
ostentation. 7. J’hatof which men are proud ; that which 
excites boasting. 8. Excitement of the sexual appetite in 
a female beast. 9. Proud persons. Ps. xxxvi. 

PRIDE, V. t. With the reciprocal pronoun, to pride one’s 
self, to indulge pride ; to take pride ; to value one’s self; 
to gratify self-esteem. 

PRIDE'FIJL, a. Full of pride; insolent; scornful. 

PRTDE'LESS, a. Destitute of pride ; without pride. 

PRTD'ING, ppr. Indulging pride or self-esteem ; taking 
pride ; valuing one’s self. 

PRID'ING-LY, ndu. With pride ; in pride of heart. Barro w. 

PRIE, supposed to be so written for privet. Tusser. 

PRIE, ferpry. Chaucer. 

t PRIEF, for proof. Chaucer. 

PRI'ER, 71. One who inquires narrowly ; one who searches 
and scrutinizes. 

PRIeST, 71. [Sax. preost ; D., G. priester ; Dan. preest ; Fr. 
prHre.] 1. A man w’ho officiates in sacred offices. 2. A 
person who is set apart or consecrated to the ministry of 
the gospel ; a man in orders or licensed to preach the gos- 
pel ; a presbyter. — In Great Britain, the word is under- 
stood to denote the subordinate orders of the clergy, above 
a deacon and below a bishop. — In the United States, the 
wm'd denotes any licensed minister of the gospel. 

PRIeST'GRAFT, n. The stratagems and frauds of priests ; 
fraud or imposition in religious concerns ; management 
of selfish and ambitious priests to gain wealth and power, 
or_to impose on the credulity of others. Pope. 

PRIeST'ESS, 71. A female among pagans, who officiated in 
sacred things. Addison. 

PRIeST'HOOD, 71. 1. The office or character of a priest. 
2. The order of men ket apart for sacred offices ; the or- 
der composed of priests. 

PRIeST'LIKE, a. Resembling a priest, or that which be- 
loii^gs to a priest. Shak. 

PRIeST'LI-NESS, 71. The appearance and manner of a 
priest. 

PRIeST'LY, a. 1. Pertaining to a priest or to priests ; sacer- 
dotal. 2. Becoming a priest. 

PRIeST'RID-DEN, a. Managed or governed by priests. 

t PRIeST-RID'DEN-NESS, n. The state of being priest- 
ridden. 

PRIE VE, for pro7?c. Spenser. 

PRIG, 71. [G.frech.] 1. A pert, conceited, saucy, pragmati- 
cal fellow. Swift. 2. A thief. 

t PRIG, V. i. To haggle about the price of a commodity. 
Ramsay’s Poems. 

PRIG, V. t. To filch or steal. 

PRIG'GISH, a. Conceited ; coxcomical ; affected. [A col- 
loquial expression.] Brockett. 

PRILL, 71. A birt or turbot. Ainsworth. 

PRIM, a. [Russ, prim 0 , or priamo. See Prime.] Properly, 
straight ; erect; hence, formal ; precise ; affectedly nice'. 

PRIM, V. t. To deck with great nicety ; to form with af- 
fected preciseness. 

PRI'MA-CY, 71. [It. primazia ; Fr. primatie ; Sp. primacia.] 
1. The chief ecclesiastical station or dignity ; the office or 
dignity of an archbishop. 2. Excellency ; supremacy. 

PRI'MAGE, 71. In commerce, a small duty payable to the 
master and mariners of a ship. Encyc. 

fPRI'MAL, rt. [See Prime.] First. Shak. 

PRI'MA-RI-LY, adv. In the first place ; originally ; in the 
first intention. 

PRI'MA-RI-NESS, n. The state of being first m time, m act 
or intention. J^orris. 

PRI'MA-RY, a. [L. priMiariii^.] 1. First in order of time; 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK , DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


PRl 


G40 


PRI 


original. 2. First in dignity or importance ; cliief ; prin- 
cipal. 3. Elemental ; intended to teach youth the first 
rudiments. 4. Radical j original. — Primary planets are 
those which revolve about the sun, in distinction from 
the secondary planets, which’ revolve about the pri- 
mary. 

PRI MATE, n. [It. primato ; Fr. primat.] The chief eccle- 
siastic in the church 3 an archbishop. Swift. 

PRI'MATE-SHIP, n. The office or dignity of an arch- 
bishop. 

PRI-Ma'TIAL, a. Pertaining to a primate. B^Anville. 

PRI-MATT-€AL, a. Pertaining to a primate. Barroic. 

PRIME, a. [L. primus.l 1. First in order of time 5 original. 

2. First in rank, degree or dignity. 3. First in excel- 
lence. 4. Early ; blooming. 5. First in value or import- 
ance. — Prime number, in arithmetic, a number which is 
divisible only by unity ; as 5, 7, 11. 

PRIME, n. 1. The first opening of day ; the dawn ; the 
morning. 2. The beginning ; the early days. Hooker. 

3. The spring of the year. 4. The spring of life ; youth ; 
hence, full health, strength or beauty. 5. The best part. 
0 . The utmost perfection. — 7. In the Romish church, the 
first canonical hour, succeeding to lauds. — 8 . In fencing, 
the first of the chief guards. — 9. In chemistry, primes are 
numbers employed, in conformity with the doctrine of 
definite proportions, to express the ratios in which bodies 
enter into combination. — Prime vertical, the vertical circle 
which passes through the poles of the meridian, or the 
east and west points of the horizon. 

PRIME, V. t. 1. To put powder in the pan of a musket or 
other fire-arm ; or to lay a train of pow der for communi- 
cating fire to a charge. 2. To lay on the first color in 
painting. 

PRIME, V. i. To serve for the charge of a gun. Beaumont. 

PRIMED, pp. Having powder in the pan j having the first 
color in painting. 

PRIME'LY, adv. 1. At fii-st; originally j primarily. South. 
2. Most excellently. 

PRiME'NESS, n. 1. The state of being first. 2. Supreme 
excellence j [1. m.] 

fPRl'MER, a. First; original. Drayton. 

PRIM'ER, n. 1. A small prayer book. 2. A small elemen- 
tary book for teaching children to read. 

PRPMER-FlNE, n. In England, a fine due to the king on 
the writ or commencement of a suit by fine. 

PR[-Me'RO,_ 7 i. [Sp.] A game at cards. 

PRi'MER-SePZIN, n. \w feudal law, the right of the king, 
when a tenant in capite died seized of a knight^s fee, to 
receive of the heir, if of full age, one year’s profits of the 
land if in possession, and half a year’s profits if the land 
was in reversion expectant on an estate for life. 

PRI-Me'VAL, a. [Li. primcBvus.] Original; primitive. 

PRT-Me'VOUS, a. Primeval. 

PRi-MI-GE'NI-AL, a. [L. primigenius.] First born ; orig- 
inal ; primary. Bp. Hall. 

PRT-MIO'E-NOUS, a. First formed or generated ; original. 
ICirwan. 

PRIM'ING , p;;r. 1. Putting powder in the pan of a fire-arm. 
2. Laying on the first color. 

PRIMHNG, n. 1. The powder in tho pan of a gun, or laid 
along the channel of a cannon for conveying fire to the 
charge. — 2. Among painters, the first color laid on can- 
vns or on a building, &c. 

PRlM'ING-WiRE, n. A pointed wire, used to penetrate 
the vent of a piece, for examining the powder of the charge 
or for piercing the cartridge. 

PRi-SIIP'I-LAR, a. [L. primipilus.] Pertaining to the cap- 
tain of the Vanguard. Bam'ow. 

PRf-MI"TlAL, a. Being of the first production. 

PRIMT-TIVE, a. [It. primitivo ; Fr. primitif; L. primiii- 
v?M 5 .] 1. Pertaining to the beginning or origin ; original ; 
first. 2. Formal ; affectedly solemn ; imitating the sup- 
posed gravity of old times. 3. Original ; primary ; radi- 
cal ; not derived. — Primitive rocks, in geology, rocks sup- 
posed to be first formed, being irregularly crystalized, and 
aggregated without a cement, and containing no organic 
remains ; as, granite, gneiss, &c. 

PRIM'I-TIVE, 71. An original word; a word not derived 
from another. 

PRlM'I-TiVE-LY, arZy. 1. Originally ; at first. 2. Prima- 
rily ; not derivatively. 3. According to the original rule 
or ancient practice. 

PRIM'I-TX VE-NESS, n. State of being original ; antiquity; 
conformity to antiquity. Johnson. 

t PRliNPI-TY, 71. The state of being original. Pearson. 

PRIM'NESS, 71. [from prim.'] Affected formality or nice- 
ness ; stiffness ; preciseness. 

PRI-MO-Ge'NI-AL, a. [L. primigenius.] First born, made 
or generated ; original ; primary; constituent; elemental. 
Boyle. 

PRI-MO-GENT-TOR, 77 . [li. primus and o-cnifo?-.] The first 
father or forefather. Gaytan. 

PRI-MO-GEN'I-TURE, 77 . [L. primus and ge 7 ?iJ 77 s.] 1. The 
state of being born first of the same parents ; seniority by 


birth among children. — 2. In law, the right whicli belongs 
to the eldest son or daughter. 

PRi-MO-GEN'I-TURE-SHIP, n. The right of eldership. 

* PRl-MOR'Dl-AL, a. [Fr. ; L. jmmordialis .] First in 
order; original; existing from the beginning. 

'if' PRi-MOR'DI-AL, 77. Origin; first principle or element. 

PRi-MOR'DI-AN, 77. A kind of plum. 

PRl-MOR^DI-ATE, a. [See Primordial.] Original; ex- 
isting from the first. Boyle. 

PRIMP, V. i. To be formal or affected. 

PRIM'ROSE, 77 . [L. primula yen>.] A plant of the genus 
primula, of several varieties. 

t PRPMY, a. Blooming. Shak. 

PRINCE, (prins) n. [Fr. ; It., Sp. p 7 -tnc 7 pc ,• L.princeps; 
D. p?* 77 is.] 1. In a general sense, a sovereign ; the chief 
and independent ruler of a nation or state. 2. A sove- 
reign in a certain territory ; one who has the government 
of a particular state or territory, but holds of a superior to 
whom he owes certain services. 3. The son of a king or 
emperor, or the issue of a royal family. 4. The cliief of 
any body of men. 5. A chief or ruler of either sex. 

PRINCE, V. i. To play the prince ; to take state. 

PEINCE'DOM, (prins'dum) n. The jurisdiction, sovereign- 
ty, rank or estate of a prince. 

PRiNCE'LlKE, (prins'like) a. Becoming a prince. Shak. 

PRlNCE'LI-NESS, n. The state or dignity of a prince. 

PRINCE'LY, a. 1. Resembling a prince; having the ap- 
pearance of one high-born ; stately ; dignified. 2. Having 
the rank of princes. 3. Becoming a prince ; royal ; grand ; 
august. 4. Very large. 5. Magnificent ; rich. 

PRINCE'LY, adv. In a princelike manner. Johnson. 

PRIN'CES’-FEATH-ER, n. A plant. 

PRIN'CES’-MET-AL, n. A mixture of copper and zink in 
imitation of gold. 

PRIN'CESS, 77 . 1. A female sovereign, as an empress or 
queen. 2. A sovereign lady of rank next to that of a 
queen. 3. The daughter of a king. Shak. 4. The con- 
sort of a prince. 

PRIN^CI-PAL, a. [Fr. ; 1^. principalis] 1. Chief; highest 
in rank, character or respectability. 2. ChieP; most im- 
portant or considerable. — 3. Iwlaw, u principal challenge 
is where the cause assigned carries with it prima facie 
evidence of partiality, favor or malice. — 4. In inusic, fun- 
damental. 

PRIN'CI-PAL, 77 . 1. A chief or head ; one who takes the 
lead. 2. The president, governor, or chief in authority. 
We apply the word to the chief instructor of an academy 
or seminary of learning. — 3. In law, the actor or absolute 
perpetrator of a crime, or an abettor. — 4. In commerce, a 
capital sum lent on interest, due as a debt or used as a 
fund. 5. One primarily engaged ; a chief party. 

PRIN-CI-PALH-TY, n. [Fr. principalite.] 1. Sovereignty ; 
supreme power. Spenser. 2. A prince ; one invested 
with sovereignty. Tit. iii. 3. The territory of a prince ; 
or the country which gives title to a prince. 4. Superior- 
ity ; predominance ; [^J. u.] — 5. In Scripture, royal state 
or attire. Jcr. xiii. 

PRIN'CI-PAL-LY, adv. Chiefly ; above all. Dryden. 

PRIN'CI-PAL-NESS, n. The state of being principal or 
chief. 

PRIN'CI-PATE, 77. Principality; supreme rule. Barroic. 

PRIN-CIP'I-A, ? 7 . plu. [L. principium.] First principles. 

t PRIN-CIP-I-a'TION, 77. [L. principium.] Analysis into 
constituent or elemental parts. Bacon. 

PRIN'CI-PLE, 77. [It. principio ; Fr. principe; L. princip- 
ium.] 1. In general sense, the cause, source or origin 
of any thing ; that from which a thing proceeds. 2. Ele- 
ment ; constituent part ; primordial substance. 3. Being 
that produces any thing ; operative cause. — 4. In science, 
a truth admitted either without proof, or considered as 
having been before proved. 5. Ground ; foundation ; that 
which supports an assertion, an action, or a series of ac- 
tions or of reasoning. 6 . A general triVli ; a law compre- 
hending many subordinate truths. 7. Tenet; that wliich 
is believed. — 8 . A principle of human nature is a law of 
action in human beings ; a constitutional propensity com- 
mon to the human species. 

PIUN'CI-PLE, V. t. 1. To establish or fix in tenets ; to im- 
press with any tenet, good or ill ; chiefly used in the parti- 
ciple. 2. To establish firmly in the mind. 

PRIN'CI-PLED, pp. Established in opinion or in tenets ; 
firmly fixed in the mind. 

PRIN'COCK, j 77 . [qu. prinA:.] A coxcomb; a conceited 

PRIN'GOX, ^ person ; a pert young rogue ; a ludicrous 
word. [Little used.] 

PRINK, V. i. [D. pronkeii.] 1. To prank; to dress for 
show. 2. To strut ; to put on stately airs. 

PRINK, V. t. To dress or adjust to ostentation. 

PRINT, V. t. [W. printiaiv ; Fr. imprimer, empreinte ; 
imprimir ; It. imprimerc.] 1. In general, to take or form 
letters, characters or figures on paper, cloth or other mate- 
rial by impression. 2. To mark by pressing one thing on 
another. 3. To impress any thing so as to leave its fbnn. 
4. To form by impression. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, u, Y, 


Jong.’ 


-FAR, FALIi, WHAT ;— PRF.Y ;~PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— f Obsolete. 


PRI 


641 


PRI 


PRINT, v.i. 1. To use or practice the art of typography, 
or of taking impressions of letters, figures and the like. 
2. To publish a book 5 [elliptical.] 

PRINT, n. 1. A mark made by impression ; any line, char- 
acter, figure or indentation of any form, made by the 
pressure of one body or thing on another. 2. The im- 
pressions of types in general, as to form, size, &c. 3. 
That which impresses its form on any thing. 4. The 
representation or figure of any thing made by impression. 
5. The state of being printed and published. 6 . A single 
sheet printed for sale 5 a newspaper. 7. Formal method ; 

— Out of print, a phrase which signifies that, of a 
printed and published work, there are no copies for sale. 

PKINT'ED, pp. Impressed ; indented. 

PRINT'ER, 71. 1. One that prints books, pamphlets or 

papers. 2. One that stains or prints cloth with figures, 
as calico. 3. One that impresses letters or figures with 
copper-plates. 

PRINTTNG, ppr. Impressing letters, characters or figures 
on any thing ; making marks or indentations. 

PRINT'ING, 71. The art or practice of impressing letters, 
characters or figures on paper, cloth or other material 3 the 
business of a printer 3 typography. 

PRINT'ING-INK, 71. Ink used by printers of books. 

PRINTTNG-Pa-PER, 71. Paper to be used in the printing 
of books, pamphlets, &c. 3 as distinguished from loriting- 
paper, press-paper, wrapping-paper, &c. 

PRINT'ING-PRESS, 71. A press for the printing of books, 
&c. 

PRINT'LESS, a. That leaves no print or impression. 

PRPOR, a. [L.] Preceding in the order of time 3 former 3 
antecedent 3 anterior. 

PRl^OR, 71. [Fr. prieur ; It. priore ; L. p7'ior.] 1. The su- 
perior of a convent of monks, or one next in dignity to an 
abbot. 2. In some churches, one who presides over others 
in the same churches. 

PRI'OR-ATE, 71. Government by a prior. Warton. 

PRPOR-ESS, 71. A female superior of a convent of nuns. 

PRI-OR'I-TY, 71. 1. The state of being antecedent in time, 
or of preceding something else. 2. Precedence in place 
or rank. 

t PRI'OR-LY, adv. Antecedently. Oeddes. 

PRI'OR-SHIP, 71. The state or office of prior. 

PRI'OR-Y, 71. 1. A convent of which a prior is the superior 3 
in dignity below an abbey. 2. Priories are the churches 
given to priors in titulum, or by way of title. 

PRI'SAGE, 71. [Fr. pidse.] A right, belonging to the crown 
of England, of taking two tons of wine from every ship 
importing twenty tuns or more. 

PRIS-CILL'IAN-IST, n. In church historij, one of a sect so 
denominated from Priscillian, a Spaniard. 

PRISM, 71. [Fr. pmme ; Low L., Sp., It. pmmi 7 .] A solid 
whose bases or ends are any similar, equal and parallel 
plane figures, and whose sides are parallelograms. D. 
Olmsted. 

PRIS-MAT'IG, ) a. Resembling a prism. 2. Separated 

PRIS-MATT-€ AL, \ or distributed by a prism 3 formed by 
a prism. 3. Pertaining to a prism. 

PRIS-MAT'I-CAL-LY, adv. In the form or manner of a 
prism. Boyle. 

PRIS-MA-TOID'AL, a. [L. iimma, and Gr. a^o?.] Having 
a prisrnatib form. Ure. 

PRIS'MOID, 71. [L. prisma, and Gr. A body that 

approaches to the form of a prism. Johnson. 

PRISM'Y, a. Pertaining to or like a prism, .dm. Review. 

PRIS'ON, (priz'n) n. [Fr. 3 prision Arm. pi'isoun.] 1. 
A public building for the confinement or safe custody of 
debtors and criminals 3 a jail. 2. Any place of confinement 
or restraint. — 3. In Scripture, a low, obscure, afflicted con- 
dition. Eccles. iv. 4. The cave where David was con- 
fined. Ps. cxlii. 5. A state of spiritual bondage. /?. xlii. 

PRIS'ON, V. t. 1. To shut up in a prison 3 to confine 3 to 
restrain from liberty. 2. To confine in any manner. 3. 
To captivate 3 to enchain. 

PRIS'ON-BASE, 71. A kind of rural sport 3 commonly 
called prison-bars. Sandys. 

PRIS'ONED, pp. Imprisoned 3 confined 3 restrained. 

PRIS'ON-ER, 71. 1. One who is confined in a prison by 
legal arrest or warrant. 2. A person under arrest or in 
custody of the sheriff, whether in prison or not. 3. A 
captive 3 one taken by an enemy in war. 4. One whose 
liberty is restrained, as a bird in a cage. 

PRIS'ON-HOUSE, 71. A house in which prisoners are con- 
fined 3 a jail. Judges x\'i. Shak. 

PRIS'ON-ING, ppr. Confining 3 imprisoning. 

PRIS'ON-MENT, n. Confinement in a prison 3 imprison- 
ment. 

PRIS'TINE, a. [L. pristmus.] First 3 original 3 primi- 
tive. 

PRITH'EE. A corruption of pray thee ,• as, I prithee ; but it 
is generally used without the pronoun, prithee. 

PRIT'TLE-PRAT'TLE, 71. Empty talk 3 trifling loquacity 3 
a word used iii contempt or ridicule. Bp. Bramliall. 


* PRPVA-CY, n. 1 . A state of being in retirement from 
the company or observation of others 3 secrecy. 2. A 
place of seclusion from company or observation 3 retreat 3 
solitude 5 retirement. 3. Privity 3 [ 06 s.] 4. Taciturnity 3 
[o&s.J _5. Secrecy 3 concealment of what is said or done. 

t PRI-Va'DO, 71. [Sp.] A secret friend. Bacon. 

PRi'VATE, a. [L. ^rivatus.] 1 . Properly, separate 3 un- 
connected with others 3 hence, peculiar to one’s self 3 be- 
longing to or concerning an individual only. 2. Peculiar 
to a number in a joint concern, to a company or body 
politic. 3. Sequestered from company or observation ; 
secret 3 secluded. 4. Not publicly known 3 not open. 5 . 
Not invested with public office or employment. 6 . Indi- 
vidual 5 personal 3 in contradistinction from public. — In 
private, secretly 3 not openly or publicly. Scripture. 

PRi'VATE, 71. 1. A secret message 3 particular business 3 
[unusual.] Shak. 2. A common soldier. 

PRI-VA-TEER', 71. A ship or vessel of war owned and 
equipped by a private man or by individuals, at their own 
expense, to seize or plunder the ships of an enemy in 
war. 

PRt-VA-TEER', V. i. To cruise in a commissioned private 
ship against an enemy, for seizing their ships or annoying 
their commerce. 

PRl'VATE-LY, adv. 1. In a secret manner 3 not publicly. 
2. In a manner aflecting an individual or company. 

PRl'VATE-NE!?;^, n. 1. Secrecy 3 privacy. 2. Retire- 
ment 3 seclusion from company or society. 3. The state 
of an individual not invested with office. 

PRI-Va'TION, 71. [Fr. 3 h. privatio.] 1. The state of being 
deprived 3 particularly, deprivation or absence of what is 
necessary for comfort. 2. The act of removing something 
possessed 3 the removal or destruction of any thing or 
quality. 3. Absence, in general. 4. The actoftlie mind 
in separating a thing from something appendant. 5. The 
act of degrading from rank or office. 

'* * PRIV'A-TiVE, a. 1. Causing privation. 2. Consisting 
in the absence of something 3 not positive. 

* PRIV'A-TIVE, 71. 1. That of which the essence is the 
absence of something. — 2. In grammar, a prefix to a word 
which changes its signification and gives it a contrary 
sense, as a in Greek, and un and in in English. 

* PRIV'A-TIVE-LY, adv. 1. By the absence of something. 
2. Negatively. 

* PRIV'A-TIVE-NESS, n. Notation of the absence of 
something. [Little used.] 

PRI VIET, 71. A plant of the genus ligustrum. 

PRIVT-LEGE, 71. [Fr. 5 L. pi-ivilegium.] 1. A particular 
and peculiar benefit or advantage enjoyed by a person, 
company or society, beyond the common advantages of 
other citizens. 2- Any peculiar benefit or advantage, 
right or immunitj’, not common to others of the human 
race. 3. Advantage 3 favor 5 benefit. Hamilton . — Writ 
of privilege is a writ to deliver a privileged person from 
custody when arrested in a civil suit. 

PRIVT-LEGE, v.t. 1. To grant some particular right or 
exemption to 3 to invest with a peculiar right or immu- 
nity. 2. To exempt from censure or danger. 

PRIVT-LEGED, pp. Invested with a privilege 3 enjoying a 
peculiar right or immunity. 

PRIV'I-LEG-ING, ppr. Investing with a peculiar right or 
immunity. 

PRIVT-LY, adv. [from privy.] Privately 3 secretly. 

PRIV'I-TY, 71. [Fr. privaute.] 1. Privacy 5 secrecy 5 con- 
fidence 3 [/. M.J 2. Private knowledge 3 joint knowledge 
with another of a private concern, which is often sup- 
posed to imply consent or concurrence. — 3. Pinvitics, in 
the plural, secret parts 3 the parts which modesty requires 
to be concealed. 

PRIV'Y, a. [Fr. prive ; F. privus.] 1. Private 3 pertaining 
to some person exclusively 3 assigned to private uses 3 not 
public. 2. Secret 3 clandestine 3 not open or public 3 as, 
a privy attempt to kill one. 3. Private 3 appropriated to 
retirement 3 not shown 3 not open for the admission of 
company. 4. Privately knowing 5 admitted to the par- 
ticipation of knowledge with another of a secret transac- 
tion. 5. Admitted to secrets of state. 

PRIV'Y, 71. 1. In law, a partaker 3 a person having an in- 
terest in any action or thing. 2. A necessary house. 

PRIV'Y-CHaM'BER, 71. In Great Britain, tlie private 
apartment in a royal residence or mansion. 

PRIV^Y-€OUN SEL-OR, n. A member of the privy coun- 
cil. 

PRIV'Y-SeAL, 1 71. 1. In England, the seal which the 

PRIV'Y-SIG'NET, i king uses previously in grants, <kc., 
which are to pass the great seal, or which he uses in mat- 
ters of subordinate consequence, which do not require the 
great seal.— 2. Privy-seal is used ellipticully for the prin- 
cipal secretary of state, or person intrusted with the 
privy-seal. 

PRIZE, n. [Fr. prise ; Sp., Port, presa ; G. preis ; D. prys ; 
Dan. prii 5 ; Sw. 1. That which is taken from an 

enemy in war. 2. That which is taken from another 3 
that which is deemed a valuable acquisition. 3. Tliat 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, D 6 VE 3 — BULL, UNITE.— € as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 5 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 

*41 


PRO 


642 


PRO 


which is obtained or ofiered as the reward of contest. 4. 
'J'he reward gained by a]iy performance. — 5. In colloquial 
language^ any valuable thing gained. G. The money 
drawn by a lottery ticket j opposed to blank. 

PRIZE, V. t. [Fr. 1. To set or estimate the value 

of j to rate. 2. To value liighly j to estimate to be of 
great worth ; to esteem. 

PRIZE, V. t. To-raise with a lever. See Pry. 

PRIZED, pp. Rated j valued ; esteemed. 

PRIZE'-FIGIIT-ER, n. One that fights publicly for a re- 
ward. 

PRiZ'ER, 72. One that estimates or sets the value of a thing. 

PRTZ'INO, ])pr. Rating 5 valuing; esteeming. 

PRiZ'IJVG, 72. In aea-language, the application of a lever to 
move any weighty body, as a cask, an anchor, a cannon, 
&c. Falconer’s Marine Dictionary. 

PRO, a Latin and Greek preposition, signifying for, before, 
forth. In composition, it denotes fore, forth, foncard. In 
the phrase pro and con, that is, ])ro and contra, it answers 
to the English for ; for and against. Prior. 

PPwO'A, 72. Flying jrroa, a vessel used in the south seas, 
with the head and stern exactly alike. Encyc. 

PROR-A-BILT-TY, n. [Fr. probabilite ; L. probabilitas.] 

1. Likelihood ; appearance of truth ; that state of a case 
or questio 2 i of fact which results from superior evidence 
or preponderation of argument on one side, inclining the 
mind to receive it as the truth, but leaving some room for 
doubt. It therefore falls short of moral certainty, but pro- 
duces what is called opinion. 2. Any thing that has the 
appearance of reality or truth. In this sense, the word 
admits of the plural number. 

PROR'A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; D. probabilis.] 1. Likely; Ijaving 
more evidence than tlie contrary. 2. That renders some- 
thing probable. 3. That may be proved ; [o&s.] 

PROB'A-BLY, adv. Likely ; in likelihood ; with the ap- 
pearance of truth or reality. L’Estrange. 

Pllo'BAAG, 77 . In surgery, an instrument of whalebone 
and spunge, for removing obstructions in the throat or 
esophagus. 

PRO'BATE, 77 . \D. probatus.'^ 1. The probate of a will or 
testament is the proving of its genuineness and validity. 

2. The right or jurisdiction of proving wills. 3. Proof ; 
[oZ)s.] 

PRO-Ba'TIOX, 77 . [L. probatio.] 1. The act of proving ; 
proof. Locke. 2. Trial ; examination ; any jiroceeding 
designed to ascertain truth. — 3. In a monastic sense, trial, 
or the year of novitiate, which a person must pass in a 
convent, to prove his virtue and his ability to bear the 
severities of the rule. 4. Moral trial ; the state of man in 
the present life, in which he has the opportunity of prov- 
ing his character and being qualified for a happier state. — 

5. In America, the trial of a clergyman’s qualifications as 
a minister of the gospel, preparatory to his settlement. — 

6 . In general, trial for proof, or satisfactory evidence, or 
the time of trial. 

PRO-Ba'TION-AL, a. Serving for trial. Bp. Richardson. 

PRO-Ra'TION-A-RY, a. Serving for trial. Dwight. 

PRO-Ba^TION-ER, 72. 1. One who is on trial, or in a state 
to give proof of certain qualifications for a place or state. 
2. A novice. — 3. In Scotland, a student in divinit}^, who 
seeks for license to preach. 

PRO-Ba'TION-ER-SHIP, 72. The state of being a proba- 
tioner ; novitiate. [Little used.] Locke. 

PRO-Ba'TION-SIIIP, 72. A state of probation ; novitiate ; 
probation. [Little wsed.] 

PIlO'BA-TiVE, a. Serving for trial or proof. South. 

PRO-Ba'TOR, 72. [L.] 1. An examiner; an approver. 

Maydinan. — 2. In law, an accuser. Cornel. 

* PRO'BA-TO-RY, 27. 1. Serving for trial. Bramhall. 2. 
Serving for proof. Bp. Taylor. 3. Relating to proof. 

PRO-Ba'TUM EST, [L. ; it is proved.] An expression sub- 
joined to a receipt for the cure of a disease, denoting that 
it has been tried or proved. 

PROBE, 77 . [L. probo ; Fr. eprouvette.] A surgeon’s instru- 
ment for examining a wound, ulcer or cavit 3 ^ 

PIKJBE, V. t. 1. To examine a wound, ulcer or some cav- 
ity of the body, by the use of an instrui 2 ient thrust into 
the part. 2. To search to the bottom ; to scrutinize ; to 
examine thoroughly into causes and circumstances. 

PRoBE'-SClSS-ORS, n. Scissors used to open wounds, 
the blade of which, to be thrust into the orifice, has a 
button at the end. 

PROBT-TY, 72. [L. probitas ; It. probitd ; Fr. probite.] Pri- 
marily, tried virtue or integrity, or approved actions ; but, 
in ^r 2 !? 2 e/- 2 i/, strict honesty; sincerity; veracity; integrity 
in principle, or strict conformity of actions to the laws of 
justice. 

PROB'LEM, 77 . [Fr. probleme ; L., It., Sp. problema.] 1. A 
question jiroposed. — 2. In logic, a proposition that appears 
neither absolutely true nor false, and consequently may 
be asserted either in the affirmative or negative. — 3. In 
gcomeiry, a proposition in which some operation or con- 
struction is required. — 4. In general, any question involv- 
ing doubt or uncertainty. 


PROB-LEM-ATT-CAL, a. Questionable j uncertain ; un* 
settled ; disputable; (loubtful. Swift. 

PROB-LEM-x\TT-GAL-LY, adv. Doubtfully ; dubiously ; 
uncertainly. 

t PROB'LEM-A-TIST, n. One who proposes problems. 
Evelyn. 

t PROB'IiEM-A-TIZE, v. t. To propose problems. 

PRO-BOS'CIS, 72. [L.] The snout or trunk of an elephant 
and of other animals, particularly of insects. 

PRO-Ca'CTOGS, a. [f^.proeax.] Pert; petulant; saucy. 
[Little used.] Barrow. 

PRO-OACT-TV, 72. [h. procacitas.] Impudence ; petulance. 
[Little used.] Burton. 

PRO-OA-TARC TI€, a. [Gr. n^oKara^KTiKos.] In medicine, 
pre-existing or predisposing ; remote. 

PRO-GA-TARX IS, 72. [Gr.J The predisposing cause of a 
disease. Quincy. 

PRO-CkD'URE, 77 . [Fr.] 1. The act of proceeding or 

moving forward ; progress ; process ; operation ; series of 
actions. 2. Manner of proceeding ; management ; con- 
duct. 3. That which proceeds from something ; pro- 
duce ; [ 2 ) 65 .] 

PRU-CEED', ; v. i. [Fr., Sp., Port, proceder ; It. procedere ; 

PRO-CeDE^, j D. procedo.] 1. To move, pass or go for- 
ward from one place to another. 2. To pass from one 
point, stage or topic to another. 3. To issue or come as 
from a source or fountain. 4. To come from a person or 
place. 5. To prosecute any design. 6 . To be transacted 
or carried on ; [ 226 s.] 7. To make progress ; to advance. 

8 . To begin and carry on a series of actions or measures. 

9. To transact ; to act ; to carry on methodically. 10 . To 
have a course. 11. To issue ; to be produced or propa- 
gated. 12 . To be produced by an effectual cause. 

PRO-CEED'ER, 77 . One who goes forward, or who makes 
a progress. Bacon. 

PRO-CEEDTNG, ppr. Moving forward ; passing on ; issu- 
ing ; transacting; carrying on. 

PRO-CEED'ING, 72 . 1. Process or movement from one 
thing to another; a measure or step taken in business ; 
transaction ; in the phiral, a course of measures or con- 
duct ; course of dealing with others. — 2. In law, the 
course of steps or measures in the prosecution of an action 
is denominated proceedings. 

* PRO-CEEDS', n. plu. 1. Issue; rent; produce. — 2. In 
commerce, the sum, amount or value of goods sold or con- 
verted into money. 

PROC-E-LEUS-MATTG, a. [Gr. TtgoKcXevcpaTiKog.] Inci- 
ting ; animating ; encouraging. Johnson. 

t PRO-CEL'LOUS, a. [D.prccellosus.] Tempestuous. Diet. 

t PRO-CEP'TION, 72. Preoccupation. K. Charles. 

j PRO-CeRE', a. [L. procerus.] Tall. Evelyn. 

PRO-CERT-TY, n. [L. proceritas.] Tallness ; height of 
stature. [Little used.] Addison. 

PROC'ESS, 72. [Fr. pr 22 c 65 ; L. p7*22cc5577s.] 1. A proceeding 
or moving forward ; progressive course ; tendency. 2. 
Proceedings; gradual progress; course. 3. Operations; 
experiment ; series of actions or experiments. 4. Series 
of motions or changes in growth, decay, «kc. in physical 
bodies. 5. Course ; continual flux or passage. G. Me- 
thodical management ; series of measures or proceedings. 
— 7. In Z 277 C, the whole course of proceedings, in a cause, 
real or personal, civil or criminal, from the original writ 
to the end of the suit. — 8. In anatomy, any protuberance, 
eminence or projecting part of a bone. 

PRO-CES'SION, 77 . [Fr. ; L. 722 * 220655722 .] 1. The act of pro- 
ceeding or issuing. Pearson. 2. A train of persons walk- 
ing, or riding on horseback or in vehicles, in a formal 
march, or moving with ceremonious solemnity. 

t PRO-CES'SION, V. i. To go in procession. 

PRO-CES^SION-AL, a. Pertaining to a procession ; con- 
sisting in a procession. Saurin, Trans. 

PRO-CES'SION-AL, n. A book relating to processions of 
the Romish church. Gregory. 

PRO-CES'SION-A-RY, a. Consisting in procession. 

PRO'CHEIN, (pro'shen) a. [Fr. prochain', L. prozimus.] 
Next ; nearest ; used in the law phrase proehein amy, the 
next friend, any person who undertakes to assist an in- 
fant or minor in prosecuting his rights. 

PRo'CHRO-NI5?M, 72. [Gr. npo^povco).] An antedating ; 
the dating of an event before the time it happened ; 
hence, an error in chronology. 

PRO'CI-DENCE, 72. [L. procidentia.] A falling dowm ; a 
prolapsus ; as of the intestinum rectum. Coze. 

PRO-CID'U-OUS, 27. That falls from its place. Jones. 

PRO-CINCT', 72. [L. procinctus.] Complete preparation for 
action. [Little used.] Milton. 

PRO-CLaIM', V. t. [L.proclamo.] 1. To promulgate ; to an- 
nounce ; to publish. 2. To denounce ; to give official no- 
tice of. 3. To declare w'ith honor. 4. To utter openly ; 
to make public. 5. To outlaw by public denuncia- 
tion. 

PRO-CLAIM^ED, (pro-kl3.md') pp. Published officially ; pro- 
mulgated ; made publicly know’ll. 


* >: 


See Synopsis. A, E, T, (1, V, Y, /j/.^r.—FA 11 , FALL, WH AT ;~PRE*Y ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ; — f Obsolete. 


PRO 


G43 


PRO 


PRO-€LaIM'ER, n. One wlio publishes by authority; one 
that announces or makes publicly known. Milton. 
PRO-€LAIM'ING, Publishing officially; denouncing; 

promulgating ; making publicly known. 
PROG-LA-Ma'TION, 11 . [Fr. ; L. proclamatio.] 1. Publica- 
tion by authority ; olficial notice given to the public. — 2. In 
Kngrlandj a declaration of the king’s will, openly publish- 
ed. 3. The declaration of any supreme magistrate pub- 
lid y made known. 4. The paper containing an official 
notice to a people. JVeio England. 
t PRO-GLIVE', a. Proclivous. 

PRO-GLTVT-TY, n. [L. procZ/uitas.] 1. Inclination; pro- 
pensity ; proneness ; tendency. 2. Readiness ; facility 
of learning. 

PRO-CLPVOUS, a. [L. proclivus^ proclivis.] Inclined ; 
tending by nature. Diet. 

PRO-GOx\'SUL, n. [L. prt> and co7isuZ.] A Roman magis- 
trate sent to govern a province with consular authority. 
PRO-GON'SU-LAR, a. 1. Pertaining to a proconsul. 2. Un- 
der the government of a proconsul. 

PRO-GON'SUL-SHIP, n. The office of a proconsul, or the 
term of his office. 

PRO-GRAS'TI-NATE, v. t. [L. procrastinor.] To put off 
from day to day ; to delay ; to defer to a future time. 
PllO-CRAS'TI-NATE, v. i. To delay ; to be dilatory. 
PRO-GRAS'TI-NA-TED, pp. Delayed ; deferred. 
PRO-GRAS'TI-NA-TING, ppr. Delaying ; putting off to a 
future time. 

PRO-GRAS-TI-Na'TION, 71. [D. procrastinatio.] A putting 
off to a future time ; delay ; dilatoriness. 
PRO-GRAS'TI-NA-TOR, n. One that defers the performance 
of any thing to a future time. 

PRo'GRE-ANT, a. JL. procreans.] Generating ; producing ; 

productive ; fruitful. Shak. 
t PRo'GRE-ANT, n. That which generates. .Milton. 
PRo'GRE-ATE, v. t. [L. procreo.^ 1. To beget; to gen- 
erate and produce ; to engender. 2. To produce. 
PRo'GRE-A-TED, pp. Begotten ; generated. 
PRo'GRE-A-TING, ppr. Begetting ; generating ; as young. 
PRO-GRE-a'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. ptrocreatio.'] The act of be- 
getting ; generation and production of young. 
PRo'GRE-A-TiVE, a. Generative ; having the power to 
beget. Hale. 

PRo'GRE-A-TIVE-NESS, n. The power of generating. 
PRo'GRE-A-TOR, n. One that begets ; a generator ; a fa- 
ther or sire. 

PROG'TOR, 11 . [contracted from L. procurator.'] 1. One 
who is employed to manage the affairs of another. 2. A 
person employed to manage another’s cause in a court. 
3. The magistrate of a university. Walter. 

PROG'TOR, V. i. To manage ; a cant word. Shah. 
PROG'TOR-AGE, 11 . Management ; in contempt. Milton. 
PROG-TOR'I-GAL, G. Belonging to the academical proctor; 
magisterial. Prideaux. 

PROG'TOR-SHIP, 11 . The office or dignity of the proctor of 
a university. Clarendon. 

PRO-GUM'BENT, a. [L. 1. Lying down or 

on the face ; prone. — 2. In botany, trailing ; prostrate ; 
unable to support itself. 

PRO-GuR'A-BLE, a. That may be procured ; obtainable. 
*tPRo'GU-RA-CY, 77. The management of any thing. 
PROG-U-Ra'TION, 77. [Jj. procuratio.] 1. The act of pro- 
curing. 2. The management of another’s affairs. 3. The 
instrument by which a person is empowered to transact 
the affairs of another. 4. A sum of money paid to the 
bishop or archdeacon by incumbents, on account of visita- 
tions. Todd. 

PROG'U-RA-TOR, n. The manager of another’s affairs. 
Shak. 

PROG-U-RA-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to a procurator or 
proctor ; made by a proctor. .S yliffe. 
PROG-U-Ra'TOR-SHIP, 77. The office of a procurator. 
PRO-Gu’RA-TO-RY, a. Tending to procuration. 
PRO-GORE', r. t. \Fr. procurer ; It. procurare ; L. procuro.] 
1. To get ; to gain ; to obtain ; as by request, loan, effort, 
labor or purchase. 2. To persuade ; to prevail on ; [?777u- 
5?7 g/.] 3. To cause ; to bring about ; to effect ; to contrivm 

and effect. 4. To cause to come on ; to bring on. 5. To 
draw to ; to attract ; to gain. 

PRO-GORE', V. i. To pimp. Drijdrn. 

PRO-GOR'ED, (pro-kurd') pp. Obtained ; caused to be done ; 
effected ; brought on. 

PRO-GORE'MENT, n. 1. The act of procuring or obtain- 
ing ; obtainment. 2. A causing to be effected. Dryden. 
PRO-COR'ER, 77. 1. One that procures or obtains ; that 
which brings on or causes to be done. 2. A pimp ; a 
pander. South. 

PRO-GOR'ESS, 77. A bawd. Spectator. 

PRO-GOR'ING, ppr. 1. Getting; gaining; obtaining. 2. 
Causing to come or to be done. 3. a. That causes to 
come ; bringing on. 

PROD, 77. A goad ; an awl ; an iron pin fixed in pattens. 
Grosie. 

PROD'I-GAL, a. [Fr. prodigue ; Sp., It. prodigo ; h. prodi- 


gu9.] 1. Given to extravagant expenditures ; expending 
money or other things without necessity ; profuse ; lavish ; 
wasteful ; not frugal or economical. 2. Profuse ; lavish ; 
expended to excess or v/ithout necessity. 3. Very liberal ; 
profuse. 

PROD'I-GAL, 77. One that expends money extravagantlj'or 
without necessity ; one that is profuse or lavish ; a waster ; 
a spendthrift. Dryden. 

PROD-I-GAL'I-TY, n. [Fr. prodigalite ; It. prodigalitd.] 
1. Extravagance in the expenditure of what one possess- 
es, particularly of money ; profusion ; waste ; excessive 
liberality. 2. Profuse liberality, 
t PROD'I -GAL-IZE, v. i. To be extravagant in expendi- 
tures. Sherwood. 

PROD'I-GAL-LY, adv. 1. With profusion of expenses ; ex- 
travagantly ; lavishly ; wastefully. 2. With liberal abun- 
dance ; profusely. 

t PROD'I-GENCE, n. Waste ; profusion ; prodigality. Hall. 
PRO-DIG'IOUS, (pro-did'jus) a. [Sp., It.pwZiV/oso; Fr.pro- 
digieux ; L. prodigiosus.] 1 Very great ; huge ; enormous 
in size, quantity, extent, &c. 2. Wonderful ; astonishing ; 
such as may seem a prodigy ; monstrous ; portentous. 
PRO-DIG'IOUS-LY, ado. 1. Enormously ; wonderfully ; as- 
tonishingly. Ray. 2. Very much ; extremely. 
PRO-DIG'IOUS-NESS, n. Enormousness of size ; the state 
of having qualities that excite wonder or astonishment. 
PROD'I-GY, 77. [\j. prodigium.] 1. Any thing out of the 
ordinary process of nature, and so extraordinary as to ex- 
cite wonder or astonishment. 2. Something extraordina- 
ry, from which omens are drawn ; portent. 3. A monster ; 
an animal or other production out of the ordinary course 
of nature. 

PRO-DI"TION, 77. [L. proditio.] Treachery ; treason, 
t PROD'I-TOR, 77. m.] A traitor. Shak. 
f PROD-I-To'RI-OUS, «. 1. Treacherous ; perfidious ; trai- 
torous. 2. Apt to make discoveries or disclosures. Wotton. 
PROD'I-TO-RY, a. Treacherous ; perfidious. Milton. 
t PRo'DROME, 77. [Gr. npoSpopos.] A forerunner, 
t PROD'RO-MOUS, a. Preceding ; forerunning. Jillen. 
PRO-DuCE', V. t. [L. produco.] 1. To bring forward ; to 
bring or offer to view or notice. 2. To exhibit to the pub- 
lic. 3. To bring forth ; to bear ; as plants or the soil. 4. 
To bear ; to generate and bring forth ; as young. 5. To 
cause ; to effect ; to bring into existence. 6. To raise ; to 
bring into being. 7. To make ; to bring into being or 
form. 8. To yield or furnish. — 9. In general, to bring in- 
to existence or into view. 10. To draw out in length ; to 
extend. Geometry. 

PROD'UCE, 77. That which is produced, brought forth or 
yielded ; product. 

PRO-Du'CED, (pro-dust') pp. Brought into life, being or 
view ; yielded. 

t PRO-DuCE'MENT, n. Production. Milton. 
PRO-DU'CENT, 77. One that exhibits or offers to view or 
notice. [L'lttle used.] .^yliffe. 

PRO-Du'CER, 77. One that generates ; one that produces, 
t PRO-DU-CI-BIL'I-TY, it. The jxiwer of producing. 
PRO-Du'CI-BLE, a. [It. producibile, produttibile.] 1. That 
may be brought into being ; that may be generated or 
made. 2. That may be brought into view or notice ; that 
may be exhibited. 

PRO-Du'CI-BLE-NES!?, n. The state or quality of being 
producible. Boyle. 

PRO-Dtj CING, pjir. Generating ; bringing into existence or 
notice. 

PROD'UGT, 77. [L. productus ; Fr. j^roduit.] 1. That which 
is produced by nature, as fruits, grain, metals. 2. That 
which is formed or produced by labor or by mental appli- 
cation. 3. Eflect ; result; something consequential.— -4. 
In ari'hmcLic, the amount of twm or more numbers multi- 
plied. — 5. In geometry, the factum of two or more lines. 
rRO-DUG'3’lLE, a. That iriay be extended in length. 
PRO-DUG'TION, 77. [Fr. ; L. product'io.'] 1. The act or pro- 
cess of producing, bringing forth or exhibiting to view. 
2. That which is produced or made. 

PRO-DUG TIVE, a. [It. pro duttivo ; Sp. productivo.] 1. 
Having fhe power of producing. 2. Fertile; producing 
good crops. 3. Producing ; bringing into being ; causing 
to exist ; efficient ; as, an age productive of great men ; a 
spirit productive of heroic achievements. 
PRO-DUG'TIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being productive. 
PRo'EiM, n. [Fr. proemc ; It., f?p. proemio.] Preface ; intro- 
duction ; jireliminary observations to a book or writing, 
t PRo'EM, V. t. To preface. South. 

PRO-E'MI-AIj, a. Introductory ; prefatory ; preliminary. 
PRO-EMP-To'SIS, 77. [Gr.] In chronology, the lunar equa- 
tion or addition of a day, necessary to prevent the new 
moon from happening a day too soon. Cyc. 

PRO'FACE, inter). [Old Fr. prouface.] An old exclamation 
of welcome, frequent in the writers of 8haksi)eare’s time. 
PROF-A-NA'TION, n. [Fr. ; It. profanadone ; Sp. profana- 
cion.] 1. The act of violating sacred things, or of treati}ig 
them with contempt or irreverence. 2. The act of treat- 
ing with abuse or disrespect. 

o 


* Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BTJI.L, UNITE.— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


PRO 


644 


PRO 


PRO-FANE', a. [L. prof anus ; It., Sp.profano ; Fr. profane.] 

1. Irreverent to any thing sacred ; applied to persons. 2. 
Irreverent ; proceeding from a contempt of sacred things, 
or implying it. 3. Not sacred ; secular; relating to secu- 
lar things ; as, profane history. 4. Polluted ; not pure. 
5. Not i)urified or lioly ; allowed for common use. 6. 
Obscene ; heathenish ; tending to bring reproach on reli- 
gion. — Profane is used chiefly in Scripture in opposition 
to hohf, or qualified ceremonially for sacred services. 

PllO-FANE', V. t. 1. To violate any thing sacred, or treat it 
with abuse, irreverence, obloquy or contempt. 2. To pol- 
lute ; to defile ; to apply to temporal uses ; to use as base 
or common. Ezek. xxiv. 3. To violate. J\lal. ii. 4. To 
pollute 3 to debase. Lev. xxi. 5. To put to a wrong use. 
Shak. 

PRO-FA N'ED, (pro-fand') pp. Violated ; treated with irrev- 
erence or abuse ; applied to common uses ; polluted. 

PRO-FAN E'LY, adv. 1. With irreverence to sacred things 
or names. Dwight. 2. With abuse or contempt for any 
thing venerable. 

PRO-F A NE'NESS, n. Irreverence of sacred things ; partic- 
%darlij^ the use of language which implies irreverence to- 
wards God ; the taking of God’s name in vain. Dryden. 

PRO-FAN'ER, n. 1. One who, by words or actions, treats 
sacred things with irreverence ; one who uses profane 
language. 2. A polluter ; a defiler. 

PRO-FANTNG, Violating ; treating with irreverence ; 
polluting. 

PRO-FAN'I-TY, ?r. Profaneness, which see. Buckminster. 

f PRO-FEG'TION, n. [L. profectio.] A going forward ; ad- 
vance ; progression. Brown. 

PRo'FERT, ?j. [L.,3d person ofprofcro.] In Zaia, the exhi- 
bition of a record or paper in open court. 

PRO-FESS', v.t. [It. prof ess are ; profcsar : Fr. profes- 

sor ; h. professas.] 1. To make open declaration of ; to 
avow or acknowledge. 2. To declare in strong terms. 
3. To make a show of any sentiments by loud declara- 
tion. 4. To declare publicly one’s skill in any art or sci- 
ence, for inviting emiiloyment. 

f PRO-FESS', V. i. To declare friendship. Shak. 

PRO-FESS'ED, or PRO-FEST', pp. Openly declared, avow- 
ed or acknowledged. 

PRO-FESS'ED-LY, adv. By profession ; by open declara- 
tion or avowal. K. Charles. 

PRO-FESS'ING, ppr. Openly declaring; avowing; ac- 
knowledging. 

PRO-FES'SION, n. [Fr. ; "L. professio.] 1. Open declara- 
tion ; public avowal or acknowledgment of one’s senti- 
ments or belief. 2. The business which one professes to 
understand and to follow for subsistence ; calling ; voca- 
tion ; employment. 3. The collective body of persons en- 
gaged in a calling. — 4. Among the Romanists, the enter- 
ing into a religious order. 

PRO-FES'SION-AL, a. Pertaining to a profession or to a 
calling. 

PRO-FES'SION-AL-LY, adv. 1. By profession. 2. By call- 
ing. 

PRO-FESS'OR, 71. [L.] 1. One who makes open declara- 

tion of his sentiments or opinions ; one who makes a pub- 
lic avowal of his belief in the Scriptures and his faitli in 
Christ. 2. One that publicly teaclies any science or 
branch of learning ; particularly, an officer in a universi- 
ty, college or other seminary, whose business is to read 
lectures or instruct students in a particular branch of 
learning. 

PIlO-FE3-So'RI-AL, a. [L. pro/c.?sortu5.] Pertaining to a 
professor. Enfield. 

PRO-FESS'OR^HIP, 71. The office of a professor or public 
teacher of the sciences. Walton. 

PRt )-FESS'0-RY, a. Pertaining to a professor. 

PROF'FER, V. t. [L. profero ; Fr. profercr.] 1. To offer 
for acceptance. 2. To essay or attempt of one’s own ac- 
cord. 

PROF'FER, 71. 1. An offer made ; something proposed for 
acceptance by another. 2. Essay ; attempt. Bacon. 

PROF'FERED, pp. Offered for acceptance. 

PROF'FER-Ell, 71. One who offers any thing for accept- 
ance. 

PROF'FER-TNG, ppr. Offering for acceptance. 

PRO-FI"CIENCE, ) 71. [from L. proficiens.] Advance in 

PRO-FP'CIEN-CY, \ tlie acquisition of any art, science or 
knowledge ; improvement ; progression in knowledge. 

PRO-FI"€IENT, 77. One who has made considerable ad- 
vances in any business, art, science or branch of learning. 

PRO-FieTT-OlTS, a. [L. 77ro,^cu7f.s*.] Profitable ; advanta- 
geous ; useful. [TAttlc used.] Harvey. 

*PR5'FILE, 71. [Fr. profd ; It. proflo ; Fp., Port, perfd.] 
1. Primarily, an outline or contour ; hence, in sculpture 
and painting, a head or portrait represented sidewise 
or in a side view ; the side face or lialf face. — 2. In ar- 
chitecture, the contour or outline of a figure, building 
or member; also, the draught of a building, representing 
it as if cut down perpendicularly from the roof to the 
foundation. 


* PRo'FILE, V. t. [Fr. proJUcw ; It. projilare.] To draw the 
outline of a head sidewise ; to draw in profile. 

* PRo'FlLED, pp. Drawn so as to present a side view'. 

* PRO'FIL-ING, ppr. Drawing a portrait so as to represent 
a side view ; drawing an outline. Encyc. 

PROF'IT, 77. [Fr. profit ; It. profitto.] 1. In commerce, the 
advance in the price of goods sold beyond the cost of pur- 
chase. 2. Any gain or pecuniary advantage. 3. Any ad- 
vantage ; any accession of good from labor or exertion. 

PROF'IT, V. t. [It. profittare ; Fr. profiter.] 1. To benefit ; 
to advantage. 2. To improve ; to advance. 

PROF'IT, V. i. 1. To gain advantage in pecuniary interest. 

2. To make improvement ; to improve ; to grow wiser or 
better ; to advance in any thing useful. 3. To be of use 
or advantage ; to bring good to. 

PROF'IT-A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1. Yielding or bringing profit 
or gain ; gainful ; lucrative. 2. Useful ; advantageous. 

PROF'IT-A-BLE-NESS, 77. 1. Gainfulness. 2. Usefulness; 
advantageousness. More. 

PROF'IT-A-BLY, adv. 1. With gain ; gainfully. 2. Use- 
fully ; advantageously ; with improvement. 

PROF'IT-ED, pp. Benefited ; advanced in interest or hap- 
piness ; improved. 

PROF'IT-ING, ppr. Gaining interest or advantage ; improv- 
ing. 

PROF'IT-ING, 71. Gain ; advantage ; improvement. 

PROF'IT-LESS, a. Void of profit, gain or advantage. 

PROF'LI-GA-C Y, n. A profligate or very vicious course of 
life ; a state of being abandoned in moral principle and in 
vice. Barrington. 

PROF'LI-GATE, a. [L. profligatus.] Abandoned to vice ; 
lost to principle, virtue or decency ; extremely vicious ; 
shameless in wickedness. 

PROF'LI-G ATE, n. An abandoned man ; a wretch who 
has lost all regard to good principles, virtue or decency. 

t PROF'LI-GATE, v. t. l.To drive away. 2. To overcome. 

PROF'LI-GATE-LY, adv. 1. Without principle or shame. 
2. In a course of extreme viciousness. 

PROF'LI-GATE-NESS, n. 1. The quality or state of being 
lost to virtue and decency. 2. An abandoned course of 
life ; extreme viciousness ; profligacy. 

t PROF-LI-GA'TION, 77. Defeat; rout. Bacon. 

t PROF'LU-ENCE, n. [L. profluens.] A progress or course. 

PROF'LU-ENT, a. Flowing forward. Milton. 

PRO-FOUND’, a. [Fr. profond ,* It. profondo ; 3p. prof undo ; 
F. profundus.] 1. Deep; descending or being far below 
the surface, or far below the adjacent places. 2. Intellec- 
tually deep ; that enters deeply into subjects ; not superfi- 
cial or obvious to the mind. 3. Humble ; very lowly ; 
submissive. 4. Penetrating deeply into science or any 
branch of learning. 5. Deep in skill or contrivance. 6. 
Having hidden qualities. 

PRO-FOUND', 77. 1. The deep ; the sea ; the ocean. Dryden, 

2. The abyss. Milton. 

[PRO-FOUND , v.i. To dive ; to penetrate. Olanville. 

PRO-FOUND'LY, adv. 1. Deeply ; with deep concern. 2. 
With deep penetration into science or learning ; with 
deep know'ledge or insight. 

PRO-FOUND'NESS, n. 1. Depth of place. 2. Depth of 
knowledge or of science. Hooker. 

PRO-FUND'I-TY, n. [It. profonditd.] Depth of place, of 
knowdedge or of science. Milton. 

PRO-FuSE', a. [L. profusus.] 1. Lavish ; liberal to ex- 
cess ; prodigal ; as, a profuse government. 2. Extrava- 
gant ; lavish. 3. Overabounding ; exuberant. 

PRO-FuSE', v.t. 1. To pour out ; [little used.] 2. To squan- 
der ; [little 77sed.] 

PRO-FuSE'LY, adv. 1. Lavishly; prodigally. 2. With 
exuberance ; with rich abundance. 

PRO-FuSE'NESS, n. 1. Lavishness; prodigality; extrav- 
agant expenditures. 2. Great abundance ; profusion. 

PRO-Fu'SlON, 77. [L. 777-(7/*/7.97rt.] 1. Lavislincss ; prodigal- 

ity ; extravagance of expenditures. 2. Lavish effusion. 

3. Rich abundance; exuberant plenty. 

PROG, V. i. [D. prachgen ; 3w. jn-acka.] To shift meanly 
for provisions ; to wander about and seek provisions 
where they are to be found; to live by beggarly tricks. 
[j2 low word.] Burke. 

PROG, 77. 1. Victuals or provisions sought by begging, or 
found by w'andering about. 2. Victuals of any kind. [A 
low word.] Swift. 

PROG, 77. One that seeks liis victuals by wandering 'nd 
begging. 

f PRO-GEN'ER-ATE, V. t. [Ij. progencro.] To beget. 

t PRO-GEN-ER-a'TION, 77. The act of begetting ; propa- 
gation. 

PRO GilN'I-TOR, 77. [L., from pr(7^i^770.] An ancestor in 
the direct line ; a forefather. 

PRO-GEN'I-TURE, n. A begetting or birth. [Little 77.9cd.] 

PROG'E-NY, 77. [It. progenic', L. progenies.] Offspring; 
race; children; descendants of the human kind, or off- 
spring of other animals. 

PIlOG-No'SlS, 77. [Gr. npoyvioaig.] In medicine, the art of 
foretelling the event ofa disease. Coze. 


* Sec SynopsL'. A, E, T, O, U, Y, Zaaa.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRlilY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


PRO 


C45 


PRO 


PROG-NOS'TIC, a. Foreshowing; indicating something 
future by signs or symptoms. 

PROG-NOS'Tl€, n. 1. In medicine, the judgment formed 
concerning the event of a disease by means of the symp- 
toms. 2. Something which foresliows ; a sign by which 
a future event may be known or foretold. — In medicine, a 
sign or symptom indicating the event of a disease. 3. A 
foretelling ; prediction, 
t PROG-NOS'Tie, V. t. To foretell. Haclcett. 
PROG-NOS'TI-€A-BLE, a. That may be foreknown or 
foretold. Brown. 

PROG-NOS'TI-GATE, v. t. [It. pro^nosticareJ] 1. To 
foreshow; to indicate a future event by present signs. 2. 
to foretell by means of present signs ; to predict. 
PROG-NOS'TI-€A-TED, pp. Foreshown ; foretold. 
PROG-NOS'TI-€A-TING, ppr. Foreshowing ; foretelling. 
PROG-NOS-TI-€a'TiON, n. 1. The act of foreshowing a 
future event by present signs. 2. The act of foretelling 
an event by present signs. 3. A foretoken ; previous 
sign. 

PROG-NOS'TI-GA-TOR, 71. A foreknower or foreteller of a 
future event by present signs. 

PRO'GRAMM, 71. [Gr.] 1. .Anciently, a letter sealed 

with the king’s seal. — 2. In a zinivcrsity, a billet or ad- 
vertisement to invite persons to an oration. 3. A pro- 
clamation or edict posted in a public place. 4. That 
which is written before something else ; a preface. 
PROG'RESiS, 77. [Fr. p?*e«'rcs ; Sp. progrcdo ; h. proffres- 
5MS.] 1. A moving or going forward ; a proceeding on- 

ward. 2. A moving forward in growth; increase. 3. 
Advance in business of any kind. 4. Advance in knowl- 
edge ; intellectual or moral improvement ; proficiency. 
5. Removal; passage from place to place. (5. A journey 
of state; a circuit. Addison. 

PRO-GRESS', V. i. 1. To move forward in space ; to pass ; 
to proceed ; as, “ that silv'erly doth progress on thy 
cheeks;” Shale. Ford. [T/jese authors accent the first 
syllable, but the accent is noio on the sccond.'\ 2. To pro- 
ceed ; to continue onward in course. Marshall. 3. To 
advance ; to make improvement. Da Ponceau. Bayard. 
PRO-GRES'SION, n. [Fr. ; L. progressio.^ 1. The act of 
moving forward ; a proceeding in a course ; motion on- 
wards. 2. Intellectual advance. 3. Course ; passage. — 
4. In mathematics, regular or proportional advance in in- 
crease or decrease of numbers; continued proportion, 
arithmetical or geometrical. 

PRO-GRES';3ION-AL, a. That advances ; that is in a state 
of advance. Brown. 

PRO-GRESS'IVE, a. 1. Moving forward ; proceeding on- 
ward ; advancing. Bacon. 2. Improving. 
PRO-GRESS'IVE-LY, adc. By motion onward; by regular 
advances. Hooker. 

PRO-GRESS'lVE-NESS, n. The state of moving forward ; 

an advancing ; state of improvement. 

PRO-HIB'IT v.t. {h. prohibeo j Fr. proldher.'] 1. To for- 
bid ; to interdict by authority. 2. To hinder ; to debar ; 
to prevent ; to preclude. 

PRO-HIB'IT-ED, pp. Forbid; interdicted; hindered. 
PRO-HIB'IT-ER, 77. One who prohibits or forbids ; a for- 
bidder ; an interdicter. 

PRO-HIB'IT-ING, Forbidding; interdicting; debar- 
ring. 

PRO-HI-BI"TION, n. [Fr. ; Li. prohibitio.] 1. The act of 
forbidding or interdicting ; a declaration to hinder some 
action ; interdict. — 2. In law, a writ of prohibition is a 
writ issuing from a superior tribunal, directed to the 
judges of an inferior court, commanding them to cease 
from the prosecution of a suit. Blackstone. 

PRO-HlB'l-Tl VE, \a. Forbidding ; implying prohibition. 
PRO-IIIB'I-TO-RY, \ Barrow. Jlyliffc. 

I PROIN, V. t. [Fr. provigner.] To lop; to trim ; to prune. 
[Sec Prune.] B. Jonson. 

t PROIN, V. i. To be employed in pruning. Bacon. 
PRO-JEOT', v. t. [L. pi'ojicio i Fr. projetcr.] 1. To throw 
out ; to cast or shoot forvA^ard. 2. To cast forward in the 
mind ; to scheme ; to contrive ; to devise something to be 
done. 3. To draw or exhibit, as the form of any thing ; 
to delineate. 

PRO-JE€T', V. i. To shoot forAvard ; to extend beyond 
something else ; to jut ; to be prominent. 

PROJ'EGT, 77. [Fr. projet.] 1. A scheme; a design; 
something intended or devised ; contrivance. 2. An idle 
scheme ; a design not practicable. 

PRO-JEGTGM), pp. Cast out or forward ; schemed ; devis- 
* CI0I 

PRO-JEGT'ILE, a. 1. Impelling forAvard. 2. GiA*en by 
impulse ; impelled forAvard. jdrbuthnot. 

PRO-JEGT'lLE, 77. 1. A body projected, or impelled for- 
Avard by force, particularly through the air. 2. Project- 
iles, in mechanical philosophy, is that part which treats of 
the motion of bodies throAvn or driA'en by an impelling 
force. 

PRO-JECT'ING, ppr. ThroAving out or forward ; shooting 
out ; jutting ; scheming ; contriving. 


PRO-JEG'TION, 71. [L. projecte'o.] 1. The act of throwing 
or shooting forAvard. Brown. 2. A juttmg out ; exten- 
sion beyond something else. 3. The act of scheming; 
plan ; scheme ; design of something to be executed. 4. 
Plan ; delineation ; the representation of something. — 5. 
In alchimy, the casting of a certain powder, called powder 
of projection, into a crucible or other vessel full of some 
prepared metal or other matter, Avhich is to be thereby 
transmuted into gold. 

PRO-JE€T'MENT, 77. Design; contrivance. [^Little used.] 
Clarendon. 


PRO-JEGT'OR, 77. 1. One Avho forms a scheme or design. 
2. One Avho forms Avild or impracticable schemes. 

PRO-J E€T' UR E, 77. A jutting or standing out beyond the 
line or surface of something else. 

PRO-LAPSE', (pro-laps') n. [L. prolapsus.] A falling down 
or falling out of some part of the body. 

PRO-LAPSE', (pro-laps') v. i. To fall down or out ; to pro- 
ject too much. 

PRO-LAP'SIOxN, 

PRO-LAP'SUS. 


See Prolapse. 


t PRO-LATE', V. t. [L. prolatum.] To utter ; to pronounce 
PRo'LATE, a. Extended beyond the line of an exact 
sphere. 

PRO-La'TION, 71. [L. prolatio.] 1. Utterance ; pronun- 
ciation ; [/. 77.] Ray. 2. Delay; act of deferring ; [776s.] 
3. A method, in 7nusic, of determining the power of semi- 
breves and minims. 


PROL-E-GOM'E-NA, 77. plu, [Gr. npo\eyopcva.] Prelimi- 
nary observations; introductory remarks or discourses 
prefixed to a book or treatise. 

PRO-LEP SIS, ) 77. [Gr. npoX£A|i?.] 1. Anticipation ; a fig- 

PRO-LEP'SY, I ure in rhetoric by Avhich objections are 
anticipated or prevented. 2. An error in chronology, 
Avhen an event is dated before the actual time ; an anach- 
ronism. 

PRO-LEP'TI€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to prolepsis or anti- 

PRO-LEP'TI-UAIi, ) cipation. 2. Previous ; antecedent. 
— 3. In medicine, anticipating the usual time. 

PRO-LEP'TI-€AL-LY, adv. By Avay of anticipation. 

I PRO-LE-Ta'RI-AN, a. [L. proletarius.] Mean ; vile ; vul- 
gar. Hudibras. 

t PRo'LE-TA-RY, 77. A common person. Burton. 

PRO-LIF'ER-OUS, a. In botany, prolific. 

PRO-LIF'l€, or PRO-LIF'I-UAL, a. [It., Sp. prolifico ; 
Fr. prolifiqxte.] 1. Producing young or fruit; fruitful; 
generative ; productive. 2. ProductiA^e ; having the qual- 
ity^ of generating. — 3. A prolific flower, [prolifer,] in bota- 
ny, is one AAfliich produces a second flower from its oAvn 
substance, or Avhich has smaller flowers groAving out of 
the principal one. 

PRO-LIF'I-UA-UY, 77. Fruitfultjess ; great productiveness . 

PRO-LIF'I-UAL-LY, adc. Fruitfully; Avith great increase. 

PRO-LIF-I-€A'TION, n. 1. The generation of young or of 
plants. — 2. In botany, the production of a second flower 
from the substance of the first. 

PRO-JjIF'IG-NESS, 77. The state of being prolific. 

•■''PRO'LIX, a. [L. prolixus.] 1. Long ; extended to a great 
length ; minute in narration or argument. 2. Of long du- 
ration ; [77/75.] 

t PRO-LIX'IOUS, a. Dilatory; tedious. Shah. 

PRO-LIX'I-TY, or PRO-LIX'NESS, 77. Great length ; mi- 
nute detail. 

PRO-LIX'LA% adc. At great length. Dryden. 

*PRO-LO-GU'TOR, 77 . [L. proloquor.] The speaker or chair- 
man of a convocation. Swift. 

'^PRO-LO-€0'TOR-SHIP, n. The office or station of a pro- 
locutor. 

fPRo'LO-GiZE, V. i. To delwer a prologue. 

* PRo'LOGUE, (pro'log) n. [Fr. ; L. prologus.] The preface 
or introduction to a discourse or performance ; chiefly, the 
discourse or poem spoken before a dramatic performance 
or play begins. Encyc. 

'^PRo'LOGUE, (pro'log) v. t. [li. prologarc.] To introd*uce 
AA'ith a formal preface. Shah. 

PRO-LONG', V. t. [Fr. prolonger ; It. prolungare ; Sp. pro- 
longar.] 1. To lengthen in time ; to extend the duration 
of.° 2. To lengthen ; to draw out in time by delay ; to 
continue. 3. To put off to a distant time. 4. To extend 
in space or length. 

PRO-LON'GATE, v. t. 1. To extend or lengthen in space. 
2. To extend in time ; [little used.] 

PRO-LON'GA-TED, pp. Extended in space ; continued in 
length. 

PRO-LON'GA-TING, ppr. Lengthening in space. 

PRO-LON-Ga'TION, 77. [Fr.] 1. The act of lengthening 

in time or space. 2. Extension of time by delay or post- 
ponement. 

PRO-LONG'ED, (pro-longd') pp. Lengthened in duration 
or space. 

PRO-LONG'ER, n. He or that which lengthens in time or 

space. . ... 

PRO-LQNG'ING, ppr. Extending in time ; continuing m 

length. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


PRO 


PRO 


GIG 


niO-Lu'SIOX, 7#. [Ij. pj'ohisio.] A prelude j eiitertain- 
iiient ; diverting performance. [TAttle used.] 

PROM-E-XaDE', n. [Er.] 1. A walk for amusement or 

exercise. 2. A place for walking. 

I PRO-MER'IT, V. t. [L. ■promeritum.] 1. I’o oblige; to 
confer a favor on. 2. 7'o deserve ; to procure by merit. 

PRO-ME-TIIe'AX, a. Pertaining to Prometheus, who 
stole lire from heaven. 

PROM'J-XEXX’E, I n. [li. prominentia.] A standing out 

PROM'l-XEX-CY, i from tlie surface of something, or 
that which juts out ; protuberance. 

PROAPI-NEXT, a. [Ti. prominens.] 1. Standing out be- 
yond the line or surface of something ; jutting ; protuber- 
ant ; in high relief. 2. Full ; large. 3. Eiiiinent ; dis- 
tinguished above others. 4. Principal ; most visible or 
striking to tlic eye ; conspicuous. 

PROM'l-XEXT-LY, adv. In a prominent manner; so as to 
stand out beyond the otiier parts ; eminently ; in a strik- 
ing manner ; conspicuously. 

PRO-MISX'LJ-OUS, n. [L. promiscaiis.] 1. Mingled; con- 
sisting of individuals united in a body or mass without 
order; confused; undistinguished. 2. C'ommon ; imlis- 
criminate ; not restricted to an individual. 

PRO-MIS'CU-OUS-LY, ado. 1. In a crowd or mass witli- 
out order ; with confused mixture ; indiscriminately. 2. 
without distinction of kinds. Pope. 

PRO-MlS'€U-OUS-NESS, n. A state of being mixed with- 
out order or distinction. Ash. 

PROM'ISE, n. [L. promissum ; Fr. pruniesse.] 1. In a p-en- 
eral sense, a declaration made by one person to another, 
which binds the person who makes it to do or forbear a 
certain act specified. — 2. In law, a declaration, verbal or 
written, made by one person to another for a good or 
valuable consideration, in the nature of a covenant, by 
which the promiser binds himself, and, as the case may 
be, his legal representatives, to do or forbear some act, 
and gives to the promisee a legal right to demand and en- 
force a fulfillment. 3. A binding declaration of some- 
thing to be done or given for another’s benefit. 4. Hopes ; 
expectation, or that which affords expectation, of future 
distinction. 5. That which is promised; fuliillment or 
grant of what is promised. — 6. In Sc7‘ipture, the promise 
of God is the declaration or assurance which God has giv- 
en in his word of bestowing blessings on his people. 

PROM'iSE, V. t. 1. To make a declaration to another 
which binds the promiser in honor, conscience or law, to 
do or forbear some act. 2. To afford reason to ex[>ect. 
3. To make declaration or give assurance of some benefit 
to be conferred ; to jdedge or engage to bestow. 

PROM'lSE, V. i. 1. To assure one by a promise or binding 
declaration. 2. To afford hopes or expectations ; to give 
ground to expect good. — 3. In popular 7isc, this verb some- 
times threatens or assures of evil ; as. The rogue shall 
be punished, I promise you. — 4. To promise one^s self, to 
be assured or to have strong confidence. 

PROM'iSE-BRi<:ACH, ??. Violation of promise. 

PROM'ISE-BREaK-ER, 11 . A violator of promises. 

PROM'ISED, pp. Engaged by word or writing. 

PROM-I-SEE', 11 . The person to whom a promise is inaxle. 

PROMTS-ER, 11 . One who promises ; one who engages, 
assures, stipulates or covenants. 

PROM'IS-ING, P777-. 1. Engaging by words or writing; 
stipulating; assuring. 2. Afibrding just expectations of 
good, or reasonable ground of hope. 

PROM'IS-SO-RI-LY, adv. By way of promise. 

PROMTS-SO-RY, a. 1. Containing a promise or binding 
declaration of something to be done or forborne. — 2. In 
law, u. promissory note is a writing which contains a prom- 
ise of the payment of money or the delivery of property to 
another, at or before a time specified, in consideration of 
value received by the promiser. 

t PROM'ONT. The same as promontory. 

PROM'ON-TO-IIY, 11 . [Ij. promontorium ; Fr. promontoirc ; 
It., Sp. promoiitorio.] In geography, a high point of land or 
rock, projecting into the sea beyond the line of the coast ; 
a hearblatid. It difiers from a cape in denoting high land. 

PRO-MoTE', V. t. [L. promotus .] 1. To forward ; to ad- 

vance ; to contribute to the growth, enlargement or excel- 
lence of any thing valuable, or to the increase of any 
thing evil. 2. To excite ; as, to promote mutiny. 3. To 
exalt ; to elevate ; to raise ; to prefer in rank or honor. 

PRO-MoT'ED, pp. Advanced ; exalted. 

PRO-MoT'ER, 7t. 1. He or that which forwards, advances 
or promotes ; an encourager. 2. One that e.xcites. 3. An 
informer ; a make-bate ; [o6s.] 

PRO-MoTTXG, ppr. Forwarding ; advancing ; exciting ; 
exalting. 

PRO-Mo'TION, 11 . [Fr.] 1. The act of promoting; ad- 

vancement ; encouragement. 2. Exaltation in rank or 
lionorj preferment. 

PRO-Mo'TIVE, a. Tending to advance or promote; tend- 
ing to encourage. Hume. 

tPRO-MoVE', V. t. To advance. Fell. 

PROMPT, a. [Fr. prompt; It., Sp. pronto; L. promptus.] 


1. Ready and <puck to act as occasion demands. 2 Of a 
ready disposition ; acting with cheerful alacrity. 3. 
(luick ; ready ; not dilatory ; applied to things. 4. Q-uick; 
liasty ; indicating boldness or forwardness. 5. Ready ; 
present; told down. 6. Eas)^ ; unobstructed. 

PROMP'P. V. t. I. To incite ; to move or excite to action 
or exei Jii ; to instigate. 2. To assist a speaker when at 
a loss, by pronouncing the words forgotten or next in or- 
der. 3. To dictate ; to suggest to the mind. 4. To re- 
mind ; [o6.?.] 

PROMP'l’'ED, pp. Incited; moved to action; instigated; 
assisted in speaking or learning. 

PROMPT'ER, n. 1. One that prompts; one that admon- 
ishes or incites to action. 2. One that is placed behind 
the scenes in a play-house, whose business is to assist the 
speakers when at a loss, by uttering the first words of a 
sentence or words forgotten. 

PROMPT'ING, ppr. Inciting; moving to action; aiding a 
speaker when at a loss for the words of his piece. 

PROMP'I'H-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; L promptus ; It. prontitvdine.] 

1. Readiness ; quickness of decision and action when oc- 
casion demands. 2. Readiness of will; cheerful alacrity. 

PROMPl’TiY, adc. Readily ; quickly ; expeditiously ; cheer- 
fully. Taylor. 

PROMP7''XE^»S, n. I. Readiness; quickness of decision 
or action. 2. Cheerful willingness ; alacrity. 3. Activi- 
ty ; briskness. 

PRO.MPT'tJ-A-RY, n. [Fr. promptuaire ; L. promptuarium.] 
Tliat from which supplies are drawn; a storehouse; a 
magazine ; a repository. 

t PROxMPT'lJRE, 11 . Suggestion; incitement. Shah. 

PRO-MHL'GATE, v. t. [L. promulgo.] To publisli : to 
make known by open declaration. 

PRO-MIJL'GA-TED, pp. Published ; made publicly known. 

PRO-MUL/GA-TIXG, ppr. Publishing. 

PRO MUL-Ga'TION, 7f. The act of promulgating; publi- 
cation ; open declaration. 

^ PRO-MI JL-Ga'4'OR, 11 . A publisher; one who makes 
known, <u- teaches publicly, what was before unknown. 

PRO-MHLGE', (pro-mulj') v. t. To promulgate; to publish 
or teach. 

PRO-MULG’ED, (pro-muljd') p/;. Fublisljed. 

PRO-MUI.G'ER, n. One who publishes or teaches what 
was before tinknov/n. Atterhury. 

PkO-.MHLG'JXG , ppr. Publishing. 

1’RO-Xa'TION, 11 . [L. pre7i?7^.] 1. Among anatomists, that 
motion of the radius wliereby the palm of the hand is 
turned downwards ; the act of turning the palm down- 
wards. Core. 2. That position of the hand when the 
thumb is turned towards the body and the palm down- 
wards. 

PRO-Na'TOR, 11 . A muscle of the fore-arm which serves to 
turn the palm of the hand downward. 

PRONE, a. [li. promts.] 1. Bending forward; inclined; 
not erect. Jlilton. 2. Lying with the face downward. 
3. Headlong ; precipitous ; inclining in descent. 4. Slop- 
ing ; declivous ; inclined. 5. Inclined; propense ; dis- 
posed. 

PRoNE'LY, adv. So as to bend downwards ; in a kneeling 
posture. 

PRoNE'NESS, n. 1. The state of bending downward. 2. 
The state of lying with the face downwards. 3. Descent; 
declivity. 4. Inclination of mind, heart or temper ; pro- 
pension; disposition. 

PROX^G, 11 . I . A sharp-pointed instrument. 2. The tine 
of a fork or of a similar instrument. 

PROXX'HoE, n. A hoe with prongs to break the earth. 

t PRoWI-TY, for proneness. More. 

PRO-NOM'I-NAL, a. \1 j. pronoinen.] Belonging to or of the 
nature of a pronoun. Lowth. 

PRo^NOUN, n. [Fr. pronom ; It. pronome ; Sp. pronomhre ; 
L. pronomeii.] In grammar, a word used instead of a 
noun or name, to prevent the repetition of it. 

PRO-X'OUXXE', (pro-nouns') v. t. [Fr. pron oncer ; L. pro- 
nuncio.] 1. To speak ; to utter articulately. 2. To utter 
formally, officially or solemnly. 3. To speak or utter 
rhetorically ; to deliver. 4. To speak ; to utter, in almost 
any manner. 5. To declare or affirm. 

PRO-NOUNCE', (pro-nouns') i. To speak ; to make dec- 
laration ; to utter an opinion. 

fPRO-NOUNXE', n. Declaration. Milton. 

PRO-NOUNCE'A-BLE, (pro-nouns'a-bl) a. That may be 
pronounced or uttered. Pinkerton. 

PRO-NOUN'CED, (pro-nounst') pp. Spoken ; uttered ; de- 
clarqd solemnly. 

PRO-NOUN'CER, n. One who utters or declares. 

PRO-NOUX^'CING, 2W' L Speaking; uttering; declaring. 

2. a. Teaching pronunciation. 

* PRO-NUN-CI-a'TIONj 71. [Fr. prononciation ; L. pronun- 
ciatio.] 1. The act of uttering with articulation; utter- 
ance. 2. The mode of uttering words or sentences ; 
particularly, the art or manner of uttering a discourse 
publicly with propriety and gracefulness ; now called 
delivery. 


t Obsolete. 


* Sec Synopsis. A, K, T, O, U, V, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIX^, MARINE, BIRD ; — 


PRO 


PRO 647 


PRO-NUNOA-TIVE, a. Uttering confidently j dogmati- 
cal. Bacon. 

PROOF, 71. profian Sw.profj DdiW. prove ^ D.;7roe/; 

f’r. preuve.'\ 1. Trial ; essay 5 experiment ; any effort, 
process or operation that ascertains truth or fact. — 2. In 
law and lo^ic^ that degree of evidence which convinces 
the mind of the certainty of truth or fact, and produces 
belief. 3. Firmness or hardness that resists impression, 
or yields not to force j impenetrability of physical bodies. 
4. Firmness of mind ; stability not to be shaken. — 5. The 
proof of spirits consists in little bubbles which appear on 
the top of the liquor after agitation, called the head^ and, 
by the French, chapelet. b. The degree of strength in 
spirit j as, high pj-yo/ ; first proc/. — 7. hi printing and cti- 
gravinffj a rough impression of a sheet, taken for correc- 
tion ; plu. proofs^ not proves. 8. Armor sufficiently firm 
to resist impression ; Shak. 

PROOF^LESS, a. Wanting sufficient evidence to induce 
belief; not proved. Boyle. 

t PROOF'LESS-L Y, adv. Without proof. 

PROP, V. t. [D., Dan. prop ; Sw. propp ; D. proppcn.^^ 1. To 
support or prevent from falling by placing something un- 
der or against. 2. To support by standing under or 
against. 3. To support ; to sustain ; in a g$neral sense. 

PROP, V. That which sustains an incumbent weight ; that 
on which any thing rests for support ; a support ; a stay. 

PROPW-GA-BLE, a. 1. That may be continued or multi- 
plied by natural generation or production. 2. That may 
be spread or extended by any means, as tenets, doctrines 
or principles. 

PROP'A-G AND-ISM, n. The art or practice of propagating 
tenets or principles. Diright. 

PROP-A-GAND'IST, n. A jierson who devotes himself to 
the spread of any system of principles. Walsh. 

PROP'A-GATE, V. t. [h. propago ^ it. prop a gginc.'\ 1. To 
continue or multiply the kind by generation or successive 
production. 2. To spread ; to extend ; to impel or con- 
tinue forward in space. 3. To spread from person to 
person ; to extend ; to give birth to, or originate and 
spread. 4. To carry from place to place ; to extend by 
planting and establishing in places before destitute. 5. 
4’o extend ; to increase. 6. To generate ; to produce. 

PROP^\-GATE, V. i. To have young or issue ; to be pro- 
duced or multiplied by generation, or by new shoots or 
plants. 

PilOP'A-GA-TED, pp. Continued or multiplied by genera- 
tion or production of the same kind ; spread ; extended. 

PROP'A-GA-TING, ppr. Continuing or multiplying the 
kind by generation or production ; spreading and estab- 
lishing. 

PROP-A-Ga'TION, 77. [Fr. ; h. propa^atio.] 1. The act of 
propagating ; the continuance or multiplication of the kind 
by generation or successive production. 2. The spread- 
ing or extension of any thing. 3. The spreading of any 
tiling by planting and establishing in places before desti- 
tute. 4. A forwarding or promotion. 

FROF'A-GA-TOR, V. 1. One that continues or multiplies 
his own species by generation. 2. One that continues or 
multiplies any species of animals or plants. 3. One that 
s[)ieads or causes to circulate, as a report. 4. One that 
plants and establishes in a country destitute. 5. One that 
plants, originates or extends ; one that promotes. 

PRO-PEL', e. t. [L. propcllo.] To drive forward; to urge 
or press onward by force. 

PRO-PEL'LED, (pro-peld') pp. Driven forward. 

PRO-PE L'LING, pp?-. Driving forward. 

PRO-PEND', V. i. [L. propendeo.] To lean towards ; to 
incline ; to be disposed in favor of any thing. [L. w.] Shak. 

PRO-PEND'EN-CY, n. [L. propcndcns.l 1. A leaning to- 
wards ; inclination ; tendency of desire to any thing. 2. 
Precniisideration ; attentive deliberation. [Little used.'] 

PRO-PEND'ING, i>pr. Inclining towards. 

PRO-PENSE', (pro-pens') a. [L. propensns.'] Leaning to- 
wards, in a moral sense ; inclined ; disposed. 

PRO-PEN'SION, 1 n. [Fr. propension ,• L. propensio.] 1. 

PRO-PENS'l-TY, ) Bent of mind, natural or acquired; 
inclination. 2. Natural tendency. 

PROP'ER, a. [Fr. propre ; It. jiroprio, or propio ; Sp. propio 
L. propriiis.] 1. Peculiar; naturally or essentially belong- 
ing to a person or thing ; not common. 2. Particularly 
suited to. 3. One’s own. 4. Noting an individual ; per- 
taining to one of a species, but not common to the whole ; 
as a proper name. 5. Fit ; suitable ; adapted ; accommo- 
dated. 6. Correct; just. 7. Not figurative. 8. Well- 
formed ; handsome. 9. Tall ; lusty ; handsome with 
bulk ; [not used.] Shak. — 10. In vulgar language^ very ; 
as, proper good ; [tut/frar.] 

t PROP'ER-ATE, v.t.^[h. propero.] To hasten. Cockerarn. 

t PROP-ER-a'TION, 71. [Ti. properatio.] Tlte act of hasten- 
ing ; the act of making haste. Bailey. 

PROF'ER-LY, adv. I. Fitly; suitably; in a proper man- 

TIPI* O In ii titrirt' ^pnesp 

PROP'ER-NESS,7t. I. The quality of being proper ; [1. w.] 
2. Tallness ; [oZis.] 3. Perfect form ; handsomeness. 


PROP'ER-TY, 71. [from proper.] 1. A peculiar quality of 
any thing ; that which is inherent in a subject, or naturally 
essential to it. 2. An acquired or artificial quality ; that 
vyhich is given by art or bestowed by man. 3. Uuality ; 
disposition. 4. The exclusive right of possessing, enjoy- 
ing and disposing of a thing ; ownership. 5. Possession 
held in one’s own right. iJryden. G. 'Plie thing owned ; 
that to which a person has the legal title, whether in his 
possession or not. 7. An estate, whether in lands, goods 
or money. 8. An estate; a farm ; a plantation. 9. Near- 
ness or right. 10. Something useful ; an appendage; a 
theatrical term. 11. Propriety ; [yZi.y .] — -Literary property, 
the exclusive right of printing, publishing and making 
profit by one’s own writings. 

I PROP'ER-TY, V. t. To invest with qualities, or to take as 
one’s own ; to appropriate. Shak. 

PRO-PIIaNE'. See Profane. 

PRO'PHA-SIS, 71. [Gr. Trpo^aai?.] In rnedteme, prognosis ; 
foreknowledge of a disease. 

PROPIi'E-CY, 71. [Gr. upoipyreia.] 1. A foretelling; pre- 
diction ; a declaration of something to come. — 2. in Scrip- 
ture, a book of prophecies ; a history. 3. Preaching ; pub- 
lic interpretation of Scripture ; exhortation or instruction. 
Prov» XX xi* 

PROPIl'E-SIED, p;7. Foretold; predicted. 

PROPIl'E SI-ER, 71. One who predicts events. 

PROPH'E-SY, V. t. 1. To foretell future ev'ents ; to pre- 
dict. 2. To foreshow ; [little Shak. 

PROPH'E-SY, V. i. I. To utter predictions ; to make decla- 
ration of events to come. Jer. xi.— 2. In Scripture, to 
preach ; to instruct in religious doctrines ; to interpret or 
explain Scripture or religious subjects; to exhort. I Cor. 
xiii. 

PROPH'E-SY-ING, ppr. Foretelling events. 

PROPII'E-SY-ING, 71. The act of foretelling or of preaching. 

PROPII'ET, 71. [Gr. upoipyryg ', h. propheta Fx. prophHe.] 
1. One that foretells future events ; a predicter ; a fore- 
teller. — 2. In Scripture, a person inspired or instructed by 
God to announce future events. 3. An interpreter ; one 
that explains or communicates sentiments. Ex. vii. 4. 
One who pretends to foretell ; an impostor. — School of the 
prophets, among the Israelites, a school or college in 
which young men were educated and qualified for public 
teachers. 

PROPIPET-LiKE, a. Like a prophet. Shak. 

PROPH'ET-ESS, 71. A female prophet. Judg. iv. 

PRO-PIIET'I€, I a. I. Containing prophecy ; forelell- 

PRO-PHET'I-CAL, ) ing future events. 2. Unfolding 
future events. 

PRO-PIIET'I-€AL-LY, ado. By way of prediction ; in the 
manner of prophecy. Dryden. 

t PROPH'E-TIZE, V. i. To give prediction. 

PROPH-Y-LAC'TIC, I a. [Gr. npoipv'XaKTiKos.] In med- 

PROPII-Y-LAC'Ti-€AL, ) icine, preventive ; defending 
from disease Coze. 

PROPII-Y-LAG'Tie, 71. A medicine which preserves or de- 
fends against disease ; a preventive. Core. 

PROP-I-Na'TION, 71. [L. propinatio.] The act of pledging, 
or drinking first and then offering the cup to anotheV. 
Potter. 

t PRO-PINE', v.t. [L. propino.] 1. To pledge; to drink 
first and then offer the cup to another. 2. To expose. 

t PRO-PIN'ClUATE, z?. 1. [L. propinquo.] To approach ; to 
draw near to. Cockerarn. 

PRO-PIN'QlUI-TY, 71. [L. propin quitas.] 1. Nearness in 
place; neighborhood. 2. Nearness in time. 3. Nearness 
of blood; kindred. 

PRO-PI"TIA-BLE, a. That may be induced to favor, or 
that may be made propitious. 

PRO-Pl"TI ATE, 7;. t. [L.propitio.] To conciliate ; to ap- 
pease one offended and render him favorable ; to make 
propitious. Pope. 

PRO-Pi"TIA-TED, pp. Appeased and rendered favorable ; 
conciliated. 

PRO-PI"TI A-TING, ppr. Conciliating ; appeasing the wrath 
of and rendering favorable. 

* PRO-Pi-TI-A'TION, 71. [Fr.] 1. The act of appeasing 
wrath and conciliating the favor of an offended person ; 
the act of making propitious. — 2. In theology, the atone- 
ment or atoning sacrifice which removes the obstacle to 
man’s salvation. 

PRO-PI-TIa'TOR, 71. One who propitiates. Sherwood. 

* PRO-Pl"TIA-TO-RY, a. Having the power to make pro- 
pitious. Stilling feet. 

* PRO-Pi"TIA-TO-RY, 71. Among the Jews, the mercy-seat ; 
the lid or cover of the ark of the covenant, lined within 
and without with plates of gold. Encyc. 

PRO-PI"TIOUS, (pro-pish'us) a. [h. propitius.] 1. Favora- 
ble ; kind. 2. Disposed to be gracious or merciful ; ready 
to forgive sins and bestow blessings. 3. Favorable; as, a 
propitious season. , . 

PRO-PI"TIOUS-LY, adv. Favorably ; kindly. Roscommon. 

PRO-IT"TIOUS-NESS, 71. I. Kindness; disposition to treat 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Til as in this, f Obsolete. 


rRo 


(j48 


PRO 


aiioiher kindly j dispositicn to forgive. 2. Favonible- 
ness. 

PRO PLASM, ?f. [Gr. rpo and nXacr/xa.] A mold ; a matrix. 
PRO-PLAS'TICE, n. Tlie art of making molds for castings. 
PRo'PO-LIS, n. [Gr.] A thick, odorous substance having 
some resemblance to wax, and smelling like storax 3 used 
by bees to stop the holes and crevices in their liives. 
PKO-Po'NENT, 7^. [L. pfopo7iens.] One that makes a pro- 
posaL or lays down a proposition. Drijden. 
PKO-PoR'TiON, 7f. [L. f7'oportio.'\ J. The comparative 
relation of any one thing to another. 9. The identity or 
similitude of two ratios. — Proportion differs from ratio. 
Patio is the relation which determines the quantity of one 
thing from the quantity of another, without the interven- 
tion of a third. Thus the ratio of 5 and 10 is 2 ; the ratio 
of 8 and 16 is 2. Proportion is the sameness or likeness of 
two such relations. Thus 5 is to 10 as 8 to 16 ; that is, 5 
bears the same relation to 10 as 8 does to 16. Hence we 
say, such numbers are in proportion. — 3. In arithmetic^ a 
rule by which, when three numbers are giv'en, a fourth 
number is found. 4. l?ymmetry ; suitable adaptation of 
one part or thing to another. 5. Equal or just share. 6. i 
Form ] size ; [/. 7t.] 7. The relation between unequal j 
things of the same kind, by which their several parts cor- ! 
respond to each other with an equal augmentation and i 
dimimition, as in reducing and enlarging figures. I 

PRO-PoR'TIOX, V. t. 1. To adjust the comparative rela- ' 
tion of one thing or one part to another. 9. To form i 
with symmetry or suitableness, as the parts of the body. 
PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLE, a. That may be proportioned or 
made proportional. I 

PRO-PoR'TIOX-A-BLE-NESS, n. Slate or quality of being | 
proportionable. i 

PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLY, adv. Accoiiding to proportion or I 
comparative relation. I 

PRO-PoR'TlOX-AL, a. [It. proporiionale ; Fr. pr<^ortlon- . 
vcl.] Having a due comparative relation j being in suita- j 
ble proportion or degree. 

FRO-PoR-TlOX-AL'l-TY, n. The quality of being in pro- 
jmrtion. Grew. 

PRO-PoR'TlOX-AL-LY, adv. In proportion ; in due de- 
gree ;_with suitable comparative relation. 
PRO-PoR^TIOX-ATE, a. Adjusted to something else ac- 
cording to a certain rate or comparative relation j propor- 
tional. Locke. 

rr».0-P6R'TI0X-ATE, V. t. To proportion ; to make pro- 
portional ; to adjust according to a settled rate or to due 
comparative relation. 

TRO-PoR'TIOX-ATE-LY, adv. XVitli due proportion j ac- 
cording to a settled or suitable rate or degree. 
FRO-PoR'TIOX-ATE-NESS, n. The state of being adjusted 
by due or settled proportion or comparative relation ; 
suitableness of proportions. 

PRO-PoR'TIOX^ED, pp. Made or adjusted with due pro- 
portion or with symmetry of parts. 

PRO-PoR'TJOX-IXG, ppr. Making proportional. 
PRO-P(jR'TIOX-LESS, a. Without proportion ; without 
syminetry of parts. 

PRO-Po'f^AL, 71. ]. That which is offered or propounded 
for consideration or acceptance j a scheme or design, 
terms or conditions proposed. 2. Offer to the mind. 
PRO-PoSE', v.t. [Fr. proposer^ L. propono.] 1. To offer 
for consideration, discussion, acceptance or adoption. 2. 
To offer or present for consideration. — To propose to one^s 
self, to intend ; to design, 
t PRO-PoSE', V. i. To lay schemes. Shale. 
t PRO-PoSE', 71. Talk; discourse. Shak. 

PRO-PoS'ED, (pro-pozd') pp. Offered or presented for con- 
sideration, discussion, acceptance or adoption. j 

PRO-PoS'ER, 71. One that offers any thing for consideration 
or adoption. Locke. 

PRO-Po5?'IXG, ppr. Offering for consideration, acceptance 
or adoption. 

PROP-0-5?F'TIOX, 7;. [Fr. ; 1j. propositio.'\ I. That which 
is proposed ; that which is offered for consideration, ac- 
ceptance or adoption ; a proposal ; offer of terms. — 2. In 
Zegic, one of the three parts of a regular argument ; the 
part of an argument in which someApiality, negative or 
jKisitive, is attributed to a subject.— 3. In mathematics, a 
statement in terms of either a truth to be demonstrated, or 1 
an operation to be performed. — 4. In oratoi'v, that which | 
is offered or affirmed as the subject of the discourse ; any | 
thing stated or affirmed for discussion or illustration. — 5. | 
In poetry, the first part of a poem, in which the author 
states the subject or matter of it. 

PR0P-0-Sl''T10X-AL, a. Pertaining to a proposition ; con- 
sidered as a proposition. Watts. 

PRO-POUND', r. t. [L. proporio.] 3. To propose ; to offer 
for consideration. 2. To offer ; to exhibit ; to propose. — 
3. In congregational churches, to propose or name as a | 
candidate for admission to communion with a church. 
PRO-POUXD'ED, pp. Proposed ; offered for consideration. 
PRO-POUND'ER, 71. One that proiTOses or offers for consid- 
eration. I 


PRO-POUND'IXG, ppr. Proposing; offeiing for considera- 
tion. 

PROPPED, pp. Supported ; sustained by something placed 
under. 

PROP'PIXG, ppr. Supporting by something beneath. 

PRO-PRe FE€T, 71. Among the Romans, a prefect’s lieu- 
tenant commissioned to do a part of the duty of the pre- 
fect. 

PRO-PRE'TOR, 71. [L. p7'oprcBtor.'\ Among the Romans, a 
magistrate who, having discharged the office of pretor at 
home, was sent into a province to command there with 
Iiis former pretorial authority. 

PRO-PRi'E-TA-RY, 71. [Fr. proprictairc.] 1. A proprietor 
or owner ; one who has the exclusive title to a thing ; one 
who possesses or holds the title to a thing in his own 
right. — 2. In monasteries, such monks were called propri- 
etaries, as had reserved goods and effects to themselves, 
notwithstanding their renunciation of all at the time of 
their profession. 

PRO-PRI'E-TA-RY, a. Belonging to a proprietor or owuier, 
or to a proprietary. 

PRO-PRI'E-TOR, 71. [L. prop7'ietas.'\ An owmer ; the per- 
son who has the legal right or exclusive title to any 
thing, wffiether in possession or not. 

PRO-PRt'E-TRESS, 71. A female who has the exclusive 
legal right to a thing. L^ Estrange. 

PRO-PRi'E-TY, 71. \¥x. proprietc ; E. proprictas.l 1. Prop- 
erty ; peculiar or exclusive right of possession ; owner- 
ship. 2. Fitness ; suitableness ; appropriateness ; conso- 
nance with established principles, rules or customs ; just- 
ness ; accuracy. 3. Proper state. 

PROPT. See Propped, 

PRO-PuGX', (pro-pune'j v. t. [li. propng7io.'] To contend 
for ; to defend ; to vindicate. {^Little wserf.] Hammond. 

t PRO-PUG'XA-GLE, 71. [L. propugnaculum.'] A fortress. 

t PRO-PUG-Xa'TION, 71. [L. prop7ig7iatio.'] Defense. 

PRO-PuGX^ER, (pro-pun'er) n. A defender ; a vindicator. 

PRO-PUL-Sa'TION, 71. [E. propuls atio.'j The act of driving 
aw'ay or repelling ; the keeping at a distance. 

PRO-PUIiSE', (pro-puls') v. t. [L. prop7dso.'\ To repel ; to 
drive off. \lAttlc used.\ Cotgrave. 

PPwO-PUL'SlOX, 71. [E. propulsus.] The act of driving for- 
ward. Bacon. 

PRO Ra'TA. [L.] In proportion. 

PRORE, 71. [L. prora.] The prow or fore part of a ship. 
[JVVit in 7tse, except in jJoeiry.] Pope. 

PRO RE Na'TA. [L.] According to exigences or circum- 
stances. 

PRO-RO-Ga'TIOxX, 71, [L. prorogatio.] 1. Continuance in 
time or duration ; a lengthening or prolongation of time. — 
2. In England, the continuance of parliament from one 
session to another, as an adjournment is a continuance of 
the session from day to day. 

PRO-RoGUE', (pro-rog') v. 't. [Fr. proroger ; E. prorogo.] 
1. To protract; to prolong. 2. To defer; to delay. 3. 
To continue the parliament from one session to another. 

PRO-RUP'TIOX, 71. [E. proruptus.] The act of bursting 
forth ; a bursting out. B7'oicn. 

PEO-Sa'IC, a. [E. p7-osaicus Yx. prosaique.] Pertaining to 
prose ; resembling prose ; not restricted by numbers. 

t PRo'SAL, a. Prosaic. Brown. 

PRO-SCRIBE', V. t. [L. proscribo.] 1. To doom to de- 
struction ; to put one out of the protection of law, and 
promise a reward for his head. 2. To put out of the pro- 
tection of the law. 3. To denounce and condemn as dan- 
gerous and not worthy of reception ; to reject utterly. 4. 
To censure and condemn as utterly unworthy of recep- 
tion. 5. To interdict. 

PRO-SCRIB'ED, (pro-skribd') jrp. Doomed to destruction ; 
denounced as dangerous, or as unworthy of reception ; 
condemned ; banished. 

PRO-SCRIB'ER, 71. One that dooms to destmetion ; one 
that denounces as dangerous, or as utterly unworthy of 
reception. 

PRO-S€RlB'IXG, PP'. Dooming to destruction ; denounc- 
ing as unworthy of protection or reception ; condemning ; 
banishing. 

PRO-S€RIP'TION, 71. [L. ])roscriptio.] 1. The act of 
proscribing or dooming to death ; among the Romans, 
the public offer of a reward for the head of a political en- 
emy. 2. A putting out of the protection of law ; con- 
demning to exile. 3. Censure and condemnation ; utter 
rejection. 

PRO-S€RIP'TIVE, a. Pertaining to or consisting in pro- 
scription ; proscribing. Burke. 

PROJ^E, 71. [L., It., Sp. prosa ; Fr. prose.] 1. The naturrl 
language of man ; language loose and unconfined to poet- 
ical measure. 2. A prayer used in the Romish church on 
particular days. 

PRO^E, V. t. 1. To write in prose. Milton. 2. To make a 
tedious relation. Mason. 

PROS'E-€UTE, V. t. [E. prosecutus.] 1. To follow or pur- 
sue with a view to reach, execute or accomplish ; to con- 
tinue endeavors to obtain or complete ; to continue efforts 


See Synopsis, a, E, T, 0, U, Y, lo-ng.- 


-FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


PRO 


C49 


already begun. 2. To seek to obtain by legal process. 
3. To accuse of some crime or breach of law, or to 
pursue for redress or punishment, before a legal tribu- 
nal. 

PROS'E-€UTE, V. i. To carry on a legal prosecution. 
Blackstone. 

PROS'E-€U-TED, pp. Pursued, or begun and carried on 
for execution or accomplishment, as a scheme j pursued 
for redress or punishment in a court of law, as a person ; 
demanded in law, as a right or claim. 

PROS'E-€U-TING, ppr. Pursuing, or beginning and car- 
rying on for accomplishment ; pursuing for redress or pun- 
ishment ; suing for, as a right or claim. 

PROS-E-GU'TION, n. 1. The act or process of endeavoring 
to gain or accomplish something 5 pursuit by efforts of 
body or mind. 2. The institution and carrying on of a 
suit in a court of law or equity, to obtain some right, or 
to redress and punish some wrong. 3. The institution 
or commencement and continuance of a criminal suit ; 
the process of exhibiting formal charges against an offender 
before a legal tribunal, and pursuing them to final judg- 
ment. 

PROS'E-GU-TOR, n. 1. One who pursues or carries on 
any purpose, plan or business. 2. The person who in- 
stitutes and carries on a criminal suit in a legal tribu- 
nal, or one who exhibits criminal charges against an of- 
fender. 

PROS'E-L'yTE, n. [Fr. proselyte ,* It. prosolita ; Gr. irpoo- 
77X1; ro?.] A new convert to some religion or religious sect, 
or to some particular opinion, system or party. 

PROS'E-L1?TE. t. To make a convert to some religion, 
or to some opinion or system. Macknight. 

PROS'E-LYT-ISM, n. 1. The making of converts to a reli- 
gion or religious sect, or to any opinion, system or party. 
Burke. 2. (Conversion to a system or creed. 

PROS'E-LYT-lZE, to make converts, or to convert, is not 
well authorized, or not in common use, and is wholly un- 
necessary. 

f PRO-SEM-I-Na'TION, ?i. [L. proseminatus.} Propagation 
by seed. Hale. 

PROS-EN-NE-A-HE'DRAL, a. [Gr. upog, evvea and iSpa.] 
In crysfalography, having nine faces on two adjacent parts 
of the crystal. 

PRO'SER, n. 1. A writer of prose. Drayton. — 2. In cant 
language^ one who makes a tedious narration of uninter- 
esting matters. 

PROS-0-DI'A-€AL, \ a. Pertaining to prosody or the quan- 

^ PRO-So'DI-AL, > tity and accents of syllables; ac- 

PRO-SOD'I-€AL, } cording to the rules of prosody. 

* PRO-So'DI-AN, n. One skilled in prosody or in the rules 
of pronunciation and metrical composition. 

PROS/Q-DIST, n. One who understands prosody. 

PROS'O-DY, n. [Fr. prosodic ; L. prosodia.] That part of 
grammar which treats of the quantity of syllables, of ac- 
cent, and of the laws of versification. 

PROS-O-PO-LEP'SY, n. [Gr. Respect of 

persons; more particularly^ a premature opinion or preju- 
dice against a person, formed by a view of his external 
appearance. Addison. 

PROS-O-PO-PE'IA, \ n. [Gr. TTpoo-wrroTroita.] A figure in 

PROS'O-PO-PY, ) rhetoric by which things are repre- 
sented as persons, or by which things inanimate are spoken 
of as animated beings, or by which an absent person is 
introduced as speaking, or a deceased person is represent- 
ed as alive and present. 

PROSTEGT, n. [L. prospectus.] 1. View of things with- 
in the reach of the eye. 2. View of things to come ; in- 
tellectual sight ; expectation. 3. That which is present- 
ed to the eye ; the place and the objects seen. 4. Object 
of view. 5. View delineated or painted ; picturesque 
representation of a landscape. 6. Place which affords an 
extended view. 7. Position of the front of a building. 
8. Expectation, or ground of expectation. 9. A looking | 
forward ; a regard to something future. 

fPRO^'PEOT, V. i. [L. j^rosjjcctvs.] To look forward. 
J^xct. 

PRO-SPEG'TION, 11 . The act of looking forward, or of pro- 
viding for future wants. Faley. 

PRO-SPEeT'IVE, o. 1. Looking forward in time ; regard- 
ing the future ; opposed to retrospective. IV. Jay. 2. 
Acting with foresight. 3. Pertaining to a prospect; 
viewing at a distance. 4. Furnishing with an extensive 
prospect. 

PRO-SPE€T'IVE-LY, adv. With reference to the future. 

PRO-SPE€T'US, n. [L.] The plan of a literary work, 
containing the general subject or design, with the man- 
ner and terms of publication, and sometimes a specimen 
of it. 

PROS'PER, r. f. [h. prospero.] To favor ; to render sue- 

/»fkocAil 

PROS'PER, r.i. 1. To be successful ; to succeed. 2. To 
grow or increase ; to thrive ; to make gain. 

PROS'PERED, pp. Having success ; favored. 


PRO 

PROS'PER-ING, ppr. Rendering successful ; advancing in 
growth, wealth or any good. 

PROS-PER'I-PY, n. [L. Advance or gain in 

any thing good or desirable ; successful progress in any 
busmess or enterprise ; success ; attainment of the object 
desired. 

PROS'PER-OUS, a. [L. prosperus.] 1. Advancing in 
the pui'suit of anything desirable; making gain or in- 
crease ; thriving ; successful. 2. Favorable ; favoring 

PROS'PER-OUS-LY, adv. ith gain or incresise; success- 
fully. Bacon. 

PROS'PER-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being successful ; 
prosperity. 

PRO-SPI"CIEXCE, «. {L. prospiciens.] The actoflooking 
forward. Diet. 

PROSS, n. Talk; conversation, rather of the gossiping 
kind. Brockett. 

PROS'TATE, a. [from Gr. npoicrypi^] In anatomy^ the pros- 
tate gland is a gland situated just before the neck of the 
bladder in males, and surrounding the beginning of the 
urethra. 

PROS-TER-Na'TION, ??. \^. prosterno.] A state of being 
cast down ; dejection; depression. [Little vised.] 

PROS'THE-SIS, ) n. [Gr.] In surgery^ the addition of an 

PROTH'E-SIS, J artificial part to supply a defect of the 
body ; as a wooden leg, &c. 

PROS-THET'I€, a. [Gr. npoederog.] Prefixed, as a letter 
to a word. 

PROS'TI-TUTE, V. t. [L. prostituo.] 1. To offer freely 
to a lewd use, or to indiscriminate lewdness. 2. To give 
up to any vile or infamous purpose ; to devote to any 
thing base ; to sell to wickedness. 3. To offer or expose 
upon vile terms or to unworthy persons. 

PROS'TI-TUTE, a. Openly devoted to lewdness ; sold to 
wickedness or to infamous purposes. 

PROS'TI-TUTE, n. 1. A female given to indiscriminate 
lewdness ; a strumpet. Dryden. 2. A base hireling ; a 
mercenary ; one who offers himself to infamous employ- 
ments for hire. 

PROS'TI-TU-TED, pp. Offered to common lewdness ; de- 
voted to base purposes. 

PROS'TI-TU-TINGr, ppr. Offering to indiscriminate lewd- 
ness ; devoting to infamous uses. 

PROS-TI-Tfi'TION, w. [Yy.)\j. prostituo.] 1. The act or 
practice of offering the body to an indiscriminate inter- 
course with men ; common lewdness of a female. 2. The 
act of setting one’s self to sale, or offering one’s self to 
infamous employments. 

PROS'TI-TU-TOR, n. One who prostitutes ; one who sub- 
mits himself or offers another to vile purposes. 

PROS'TRATE, a. [L. prostratus.] 1. Lying at length, or 
with the body extended on the ground or other surface. 
2. Lying at mercy, as a supplicant. 3. Lying in the pos- 
ture of humility or adoration. 

PROS'TRATE, v.t. 1. To lay flat; to throw down. 2. To 
throw down ; to overthrow; to demolish ; to ruin. — 3. To 
prostrate one^s self, to throw one’s self down or to fall in 
humility or adoration. 4. To bow in humble reverence. 
5. To sink totally ; to reduce. 

PROS'TRA-TED, pp. Laid at length ; laid flat ; thrown 
down ; destroyed. 

PROS'TRA-TING, ppr. Laying flat; throwing down; de- 
stroying. 

PROS^TRa'TION, n. 1. The act of throwing down or lay- 
ing flat. 2. 7’he act of falling down, or the act of bowing 
in liumility or adoration ; primarily, the act of falling on 
the face. *3. Great depression ; dejection. 4. Great loss 
of natural strength and vigor ; that state of the body in 
disease in which the system is passive and requires pow- 
erful stimulants to excite it into action. 

PRo'STyLE, n. [Gr. rpooraXof.] In architecture, a range 
i of columns in the front of a temple. Encyc. 

i PRO-SYL'LO-GISM, n. [pro and syllogism.] A prosyllo- 
j gism is when two or more syllogisms are so connected 
that the conclusion of the former is the major or minor of 
the following. 

PRO-TA€'TIU, a. Protactic persons, in plays, are those 
who give a narrative or explanation of the piece. 

* PRO'TA-SIS, n. [Gr. npoTacig.] 1. A proposition ; a max- 
im. — 2. In the ancient drama, the first part of a comic or 
tragic piece, in which the several persons are shown, their 
diameters intimated, and the subject proposed and enter- 
ed on. 

PRO-TAT'IG, a. [Gr. npoTariKog.] Being placed in the be- 
ginning; previous. Dryden. 

PRo'TE-AN, a. Pertaining to Proteus ; readily assuming 
different shapes. See Proteus. 

PRO-TEUT', V. t. [L. protectus.] To cover or shield 
from danger or injury ; to defend ; to guard ; to preserve 
in safety. 

PRO-TE€T'ED, pp. Covered or defended from injury ; pro- 
ser^'ed in safety. 


♦ Set Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, Do VE BTJI.L, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TII as in this. \ Obsolete. 


PRO 


PRO 650 


PRO-l’ECT'ING, ppr. Shielding from injury ; defending 5 
preserving in safety. 

PRO-TEG'TION, n. 1. The act of protecting; defense; 
shelter from evil ; preservation from loss, injury or an- 
noyance. 2. That which protects or preserves from 
injury. 3. A writing that protects ; a passport or other 
writing which secures from molestation. 4. Exemp- 
tion. 

PRO-TE€T^IVE, a. Affording protection ; sheltering; de- 
fensive. Thomson. 

PRO-TECT'OR, n. [Fr. protecieur.'] 1. One that defends 
or shields from injury, evil or oppression; a defender; a 
guardian. — 2. In England^ one who formerly had the care 
of the kingdom during the king’s minority ; a regent. — 
3. In Catholic countries, every nation and every religious 
order has a protector residing at Rome. 

PRO-TEGT'OR-ATE, n. Government by a protector. Wal- 
pole. 

PRO-TEGT'OR-SHIP, n. The office of a protector or re- 
gent. Burnet. 

PRO-TEGT^RESS, n. A woman or female that protects. 

PRO-TEND', V. t. [L. protcndo.] To hold out ; to stretch 
forth. Dry den. 

PRO-TEND'ED, pp. Reached or stretched forth. Mitford. 

PRO-TEND'ING, ppr. Stretching forth. 

t PRO-TENSE', (pro-tens') 7J. Extension. Spenser. 

PRO-TERV'I-TY, n. [L. pi'otervitas.] Peevishness ; petu- 
lance. [Little used.] 

PRO-TEST', V. i. [L. protestor ; Fr. protester.] 1. To 
affirm with solemnity ; to make a solemn declaration of a 
fact or opinion. 2. To make a solemn declaration expres- 
sive of opposition. 3. To make a formal declaration in 
writing against a public law or measure. 

PRO-TEST', v.t. 1. To call as a witness in affirming or de- 
nying, or to prove an affirmation. 2. To prove ; to show ; 
to give evidence of ; [0&5.] — 3. In commerce, to protest a 
hill of exchange, is for a notary public, at the request of 
the payee, to make a formal declaration, under hand and 
seal, against the drawer of the bill, on account of non-ac- 
ceptance or non-payment, for exchange, cost, commis- 
sions, damages and interest. 

* PRO'TEST, n. 1. A solemn declaration of opinion, com- 
monly against some act ; a formal and solemn declaration 
in writing of dissent from the proceedings of a legislative 
body. — 2. In commerce, a formal declaration made by a 
notary public, under hand and seal, at the request of the 
payee or holder of a bill of exchange, for non-acceptance 
or non-payment of the same. 

PROT'ES-TANT, a. Pertaining to those tvho, at the ref- 
ormation of religion, protested against a decree of Gharles 
V. and tlie diet of Spires ; pertaining to the adherents of 
Luther, or others of the reformed churches. 

PROT'ES-TANT, n. One of the party who adhered to Lu- 
ther at the Reformation in 1529, and protested against a 
decree of the emperor Charles V. and the diet of Spires, 
and appealed to a general council. 

PROT'ES-T ANT-ISM, n. The Protestant religion. 

PROT'ES-TANT-LY, ado. In conformity to the Protes- 
tants. 

PROT-ES-Ta'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. A solemn declaration of 

a fact, opinion or resolution. 2. A solemn declaration of 
dissent ; a protest. — 3. In law, a declaration in pleading, 
by which the party interposes an oblique allegation or 
denial of some fact, protesting that it does or does not 
exist. 

PRO-TEST'ED, pp. Solemnly declared or alledged ; declar- 
ed against for non-acceptance or non-payment. 

PRO-TEST'ER, n. 1. One who protests ; one who utters a 
solemn declaration. 2. One who protests a bill of ex- 
change. 

PRO-TEST'ING, ppr. Solemnly declaring or affirming ; de- 
claring against for non-acceptance or non-pay7iient. 

PRO'TE-US, ??. [LJ In mythology, a marine deity, the son 
of Oceanus and Tethys, whose distinguishing character- 
istic was the faculty of assuming different shapes. 

PRO-THON'O-TA-RI-SIIIP, n. The office of a prothono- 
tary. 

PRO-THON'O-TA-RY, 71. [Low L. proton ot arms.] 1. Orig- 
inally, the chief notary ; and, anciently, the title of the 
principal notaries of the emperors of Constantinople. — 
2. In England, an officer in the court of king’s bench and 
common pleas. — 3. In the United States, a register or 
clerk of a court. 

PRO'TO-GOL, 71 . [Low L. protocollum.] 1. The orig- 
inal copy of any vVriting. Jlyliffe. 2. A record or regis- 
try. 

PRo'TO-GOL-IST, 71. In Russia, a register or clerk. 

PRO'TO-MXR-TYR, 71. [Gr. n^wrog and paprvp.] 1. The 
first martyr ; a tewni applied to Stephen. 2. The first who 
suffers or is sacrificed in any cause. 

PRo'TO-PLAST, n. [Gr. npiorog and TrXaoTo?.] The 
original ; the thing first formed, as a copy to be imitated. 

PRO-TO-PLAS'TIG, a. First formed. Howell. 


PRo^TO-POPE, 71. [Gr. npcarog, and pope.] Chief pope or 
imperial confessor. Tooke, Russ. 

PRO-TO-SUL'PHATE, n. In chemistry, the combination of 
sulphuric acid with a protoxyd. 

PRo'TO-TyPE, n. [Fr.; Gr. npwTOTimog-] An original or 
model after which any thing is formed ; the pattern of 
any thing to be engraved, cast, &c. ; exemplar ; arche- 
type. 

PRO-TOX'YD, n. [Gr. ixpwTog and olu?.] A substance 
combined with oxygen in the first degree, or an oxyd 
formed by the first degree of oxydizement. Thomson. 

PRO-TOX'Y-DiZE, v. t. To oxydize in the first degree. 

PRO-TRAGT', V. t. [L. protractus.] 1. I’o draw out or 
lengthen in time ; to continue ; to prolong. 2. To delay ; 
to defer ; to put off to a distant time. 

t PRO-TRAGT', n. Tedious continuance. Spenser. 

PRO-TRAGT'ED, pp. Drawn out in time ; delayed. 

PRO-TRAGT'ER, 71 . One who protracts or lengthens in 
time. 

PRO-TRAGT'ING, ppr. Drawing out or continuing in time ; 
delaying. 

PRO-TRAC'TION, 71 . The act of drawing out or contin- 
uing in time ; the act of delaying the termination of a 
thing. 

PRO-TRAGT'IVE, a. Drawing out or lengthening in time ; 
prolonging; continuing; delaying. Dryden. 

PRO-7'RAGT'OR, n. An instrument for laying down and 
measuring angles on paper. 

PRO-TREP'TI-GAL, a. [Gr. nporpenriKog^] Hortatory ; 
suasory ; intended or adapted to persuade. [L. 7i.] Ward, 

PRO-TRuDE', V. t. [L. prctrudo.] 1. To thrust forward ; 
to drive or force along. 2. To thrust out, as from con- 
finement. 

PRO-TRuDE', V. i. To shoot forward ; to be thrust forward. 
Baco7i. 

PRO-TRuD'ED, pp. Thrust forward or out. 

PRO-TRuD'ING, ppr. Thrusting forward or out. 

PRO-TRu'SION, 71. The act of thrusting forward or be- 
yond the usual limit ; a thrusting or driving ; a push. 
Locke. 

PRO-TRu'SIVE, a. Thrusting or impelling forward. 

PRO-Tu'BEPv-ANCE, 71 . [L. prottibcrans.] A swelling 
or tumor on the body ; a prominence ; a bunch or knob. 

PRO-Tu'BER-ANT, a. Swelling ; prominent beyond the 
surrounding surface. 

PRO-Tu'BER-ATE, v. i. [L. protxibero.] To swell or be 
prominent beyond the adjacent surface ; to bulge out. 

PRO-TU-BER-a'TION, n. The act of swelling beyond the 
surrounding surface. Cooke. 

PRO-Tu'BER-OUS, a. Protuberant. Smith. 

PROUD, a. [Sax. prut ; D. pre7ttsch.] 1. Having inordi- 
nate self-esteem ; possessing a high or unreasonable con- 
ceit of one’s own excellence, either of body or mind. 2. 
Arrogant ; haughty ; supercilious. 3. Daring ; presump- 
tuous. 4. Lofty of mien ; grand of person. 5. Grand ; 
lofty ; splendid ; magnificent. 6. Ostentatious ; grand. 
7. Splendid ; exhibiting grandeur and distinction ; excit- 
ing pride. 8. Excited by the animal appetite. 9. Fun- 
gous. 

PROUD'LY, ado. With an inordinate self-esteem ; in a 
proud manner ; haughtily ; ostentatiously ; with lofty airs 
or mien. Pope. 

PROV'A-BLE, a. That may be proved. 

PROV'A-BLY, adi7. In a manner capable of proof. Hidoct. 

t PRo'VAND, 71. Provender. 

PROVE, 7). [S>nx. p7'ofian‘, ~D. proeven jy^LU. p7'over.] 1. 
To try ; to ascertain some unknown quality or truth by an 
experiment or by a test or standard. 2. To evince, estab- 
lish or ascertain as truth, reality or fact, by testimony or 
other evidence. 3. To evince truth by argument, induc- 
tion or reasoning ; to deduce certain conclusions from prop- 
ositions that are true or admitted. 4. To ascertain the 
genuineness or validity of ; to verify. 5. To experience; 
to try by suffering or encountering ; to gain certain knoAvl- 
edge by the operation of something on ourselves, or by 
some act of our own. — 6. In axnthinetic, to show, evince 
or ascertain the correctness of any operation or result. 7. 
To try ; to examine. — 8. Men proce Ood, when by their 
provocations they put his patience to trial, Ps. xcv. ; or 
when by obedience they make trial how much he will 
countenance such conduct, Mai. hi. 

PROVE, V. i. 1. To make trial ; to essay. Dryde7i. 2. To 
be found or to have its qualities ascertained by experience 
or trial. 3. To be ascertained by the event or something 
subsequent. 4. To be found true or correct by the result. 
5. To make certain ; to show ; to evince. 6. To suc- 
ceed ; [0&5.] 

PROVED, pj). Tried ; evinced ; experienced. 

PRO-VED'I-TOR, ) 71. [It. proveditore.] A purveyor ; one 

PROV-E-DoRE', \ employed to procure supplies for an 
army. — Provcditor , in Venice and other parts of Italy, is 
an officer who superintends matters of policy. Encyc. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, Gt, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY 


-PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


PRU 


PRO 


G51 


PRoV'EN. A word used by Scottisli writers for tlie parti- 
ciple proved. 

PRO-VEN'CIAL, a. [Fr. 2)rovengal.'\ Pertaining to Prov- 
ence, in France. 

PRO V'£N-DEK, w. \¥r. provende i Norin.prorjf/irfer.] 1 . Dry 
food for beasts, usually meal, or a mixture of meal and 
cut straw or hay. 2 . Provisions j meat j food. Coxe. 

PROV'ER, n. One that proves or tries ; that which proves. 

PROV^ERB, 71 . [Fr. proverbe ; It. proverhio ; L. proverhium.'\ 

1 . A short sentence often repeated, expressing a well 
known truth or common fact, ascertained by experience 
or observation ; a maxim of wisdom. 2 . A by-word j a 
name often repeated ; and hence, frequently, a reproach 
or object of contempt. Jer. xxiv. — 3 . In Scripture^ it 
sometimes signifies a moral sentence or maxim that is enig- 
matical ; a dark saying of the wise that requires interpreta- 
tion. Prov. i. — 4 . Proverbs^ a canonical book of the Old 
Testament. 

I PROV'ERB, 7J. t. 1 . To mention in a proverb. Milton. 2 . 
To provide with a proverb. Shale. 

f PROV^ERB, 7?. 7. To utter proverbs. Milton. 

PRO-VERB'I-AL, a. I. Mentioned in a proverb. 2 . Com- 
prised in a proverb ; used or current as a proverb. Pope. 

3 . Pertaining to proverbs ; resembling a proverb 5 suitable 
to a proverb. 

PllO-VERBT-AL-IST, n. One who speaks proverbs. 

PRO-VERBT-AE-lZE, v. t. To make a proverb ; to turn 
into a proverb, or to use proverbially. [Unusual.] 

PRO-VERB I- AL-LY, adv. In a proverb. Broion. 

PRO-VlDE', -y. t. [U. provideo ; It. prow edere.] 1 . To pro- 
cure beforehand j to get ; to collect or make ready for 
future use ; to prepare. 2 . To furnish ; to supply ; fol- 
lowed by with. 3 . To stipulate previously. 4 . To make 
a previous conditional stipulation. 5 . To foresee ; a Lat- 
inism ; [06s.] — 6. Provide^ in a transitive sense, is followed 
by against ox for. 

PRO-VIDE', v. i. To procure supplies or means of defense ; 
or to take measures for counteracting or escaping an evil. 

PRO-VID'ED, pp. 1 . Procured beforehand ; made ready 
for future use ; supplied ; furnished ; stipulated. 2 . Stip- 
ulated as a condition, v/hich condition is expressed in the 
following sentence or words. 

PROVT-DENCE, n. [Fr. 5 \j. providentia.] I. The act of 
providing or preparing for future use or application. 

2 . Foresight ; timely care. — 3 . In theology^ the care and 
superintendence which God exercises over his creatures. 

4 . Prudence in the management of one’s concerns or in 
private economy. 

PROVT DENT, a. Foreseeing wants and making provision 
to supply them ; forecasting ; cautious 3 prudent in pre- 
paring for future exigences. 

PROV-I-DEN^TIAL, a. Eftected by the providence of God 3 
referable to divine providence 3 proceeding from divine 
direction or superintendence. 

PROV-I-DEN'TIAL-LY, adv. By means of God’s provi- 
dence. 

PROV'I-DENT-LY, adv. With prudent foresight 3 with 
wise precaution in preparing for the future. 

PRO-ViD'ER, n. One who provides, furnislies or supplies 3 
one that procures what is wanted. Shak. 

PROV^INCE, 77. [Fr. 3 L. p7-oy7T7C7a.] I. AmongtheRomaTTs, 
a country of considerable extent, which, being reduced 
under their dominion, was new-modeled, and subjected to 
the command of an annual governor sent from Rome. — 2 . 
Among the moderns, a country belonging to a kingdom or 
state either by conquest or colonization, usually situated 
at a distance from the kingdom or state, but more or less 
dependent on it or subject to it. 3 . A division of a king- 
dom or state, of considerable extent. 4 . A region of 
country 3 m a general sense ,* a tract 3 a large extent. 5 . 
^’he proper office or business of a person. 

PRO-VIN'CIAL, a. 1 . Pertaining to a province, or relating 
to it. 2 . Appendant to the principal kingdom or state. 

3 . Not polished ; rude. 4 . Pertaining to an ecclesiastical 
province, or to the jurisdiction of an archbishop 3 not ecu- 
menical. 

PRO-VIN'CIAL, n. I. A spiritual governor. In Catholic 
countries, one who has the direction of the several con- 
vents of a province. 2 . A person belonging to a province. 
Burke. 

PRO-VIN'CIAL-ISM, n. A peculiar word or manner of 
speaking in a province or district of country remote from 
tile principal country or from the metropolis. 

PRO-VIN-CI-AL'I-TY, n. Peculiarity of language in a 
province. Wartnn. 

PRO-VTN'CIATE, v. t. To convert into a province. 

PRO-ViNE', V. i. [Fr. provigner.] To lay a stock or branch 
of a vine in the ground for projiagation. 

PROV'ING, jipr. Trying 3 ascertaining 3 evincing 3 expe- 
riencing. 

PRO-VI''SION, 7?. [Fr. 3 1 ,. provislo.] 1 . The act of pro- 
viding or making previous preparation. 2 . Things 
provided 3 preparation 3 measures taken beforehand, 
either for security, defense or attack, or for the supply of 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 3— BULL, UNITE. 


wants. 3 . Stores provided 3 stock. 4 . Victuals 3 food j 
provender 3 all manner of eatables for man and beast. 5. 
Previous stipulation 3 terms or agreement made, or meas- 
ures taken, for a future exigency. 

PRO-VP'SION, V. t. To supply with victuals or food. 

PRO-VF^SION-AL, a. [Fr. provisionnel .] Provided for 
present need or for the occasion 3 temporarily established 3 
temporary. 

PRO-Vi^'SlON-AL-LY, adv. By way of provision 3 tempo- 
rarily 3 for the present exigency. Locke. 

PRO-Vl''SION-A-RY, a. Provisional 3 provided for the 
occasion 5 not permanent. Burke. 

PRO-Vl'SO, n. [L. promit^.] An article or clause In 
any statute, agreement, contract, grant or other writing, 
by whicli a condition is introduced 3 a conditional stipula- 
tion. 

PRO- VPS OR, 71 . [Fr. proviseur.] 1 . In church affairs, a 
person appointed by the pope to a benefice before the 
death of the incumbent, and to tjie prejudice of the right- 
ful patron. 2 . The purveyor, steward or treasurer of a 
religious house. 

PRO-Vi'SO-RY, a. 1 . Making temporary provision 3 tem- 
porary. 2 . Containing a proviso or condition 3 conditional. 

PROV-O-Ca'TION, n. [Fr. 3 L. provocatio.] I. Any 
thing that excites anger 3 the cause of resentment. 1 Kings 
xxi. 2 . The act of exciting anger. 3 . An appeal to a 
court or judge 3 [065.] 4 . Incitement 3 [0&5.] 

PRO-Vo'GA-TiVE, a. Exciting 3 stimulating 3 tending to 
awaken or incite appetite or passion. 

PRO-Vo'CA-Ti VE, 77. Anything that tends to excite ap- 
petite or passion 3 a stimulant. 

PRO-Vo'CA-TiVE-NESS, n. The quality of being provo- 
cative or stimulating. 

t PRO-Vo'GA-TO-RY, 77. [Fx. provocatoire.] A challenge. 
Cotgrave. 

PRO-VoK'A-BLE, a. That may^e provoked. Raiolins. 

PRO-VoKE', 7’. t. [U. provoco ; Fx. provoqxicr } It. provo- 
care ; Sp. provocar.] 1 . To call Into action 3 to arouse 3 to 
excite. 2 . To make angry 3 to offend 3 to incense 3 to en- 
rage. 3 . To excite 3 to cause. 4 . To excite 3 to stimu- 
late 3 to increase. 5 . To challenge. 6. To move 3 to in- 
cite 3 to stir up 3 to induce by motives. Rom. x. 7 . To 
incite 3 to rouse. 

t PRO-VoKE', V. i. To appeal. Dryden. 

PRO-VoIUED, (pro-vokP) pp. Excited 3 roused 3 incited 3 
made angry 3 incensed. 

PRO-VoIUER, 77. 1 . One that excites anger or other pas- 
sion 3 one that excites war or sedition. 2 . That which 
excites, causes or promotes. Shak. 

PRO-VoK'ING, ppr. I. Exciting into action 3 inciting 3 in- 
ducing by motives 3 making angry. 2 . a. Having the 
power or quality of exciting resentment 3 tending to 
awaken passion. 

PRO-VoKTNG-LY, adv. In such amanner as to excite anger. 

*PRO-VoST', (pro-vo') n. [Sax. profost, profast Dan. 
provst ; G. probst, propst ,* Arm. provost.] A person who 
is appointed to superintend or preside over something 3 
the chief magistrate of a city or town. 

*PPi.O'VOST-SHIP, 77. The office of a provost. Hakcwill. 

* PROW, 77. [Fr. p?* 077 e ; It. prwa and prorfa ; Sp. proa.] 1 . 
The forepart of a ship. — 2 . In seamen^s language, the 
beak or pointed cutwater of a xebec or galley. 3 . The 
name of a particular kind of vessel used in the East 
Indian seas. 

t PROW, a. Valiant. Spenser. 

PROW'ESS, 77. [Fr. prouesse ,• It.prodeiza.] Bravery 3 valor 3 
particularly, military bravery 3 gallantry 3 intrepidity in 
war 3 fearlessness of danger. 

t PROW'EST, a. [supcrl. of prow.] Bravest. Spenser. 

PROWL, V. t. To rove over. Sidney. 

PROWL, V. i. 1 . To rove or wander, particularly for prey, 
as a wild beast. Milton. 2 . To rove and plunder 3 to prey 3 
to plunder. 

PROWL, 77. A roving for prey 3 colloquially, something to 
be seized and devoured. 

PROWL'ER, 77. One that roves about for prey. Thomson. 

PROWL'ING, ppr. Wandering about in search of prey or 
plunder. 

PROXH-MAL, See Proximate. 

PIlOX^l-MATE, a. [L. proximus.] Nearest 5 next. 

PROX'I-MATE-LY, adv. Immediately 3 by immediate re- 
lation to or effect on. Bentley. 

t PROX'LME, a. Next 3 immediately. Watts. 

PROX-IM'I-TY, 77. [Fr. proximite ; Ji. jrroximitas.] TJie 
state of being next 3 immediate nearness, either in place, 
blood or alliance. Swift. 

PROX'Y, 77. [contracted from procuracy.] 1 . The agency 
of another who acts as a substitute for his principal 3 agen- 
cy of a substitute 3 appearance of a representativ^e. 2. 
'i'he person who is substituted or deputed to act for another. 
— 3 . In popuhtr use, an election or day of voting for offi- 
cers of government. 

PROXW-SIIIP, 77. The office or agency of a proxy. 

t PRUCE, 77. [from Prussia.] Prussian leather. Dryden. 


€ as K 3 G as J 3 i? as Z 3 CII as SII 3 TII as in this, f Obsolete. 


PSA 


C52 


PUB 


PRUDE, 71 . [Fr. prude ; D. preutsch.'] A woman of great 
reserve, coyness, affected stiffness of manners and scru- 
pulous nicety. Swift. 

PRu'DENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. prudentia ; It. prudcnza ; Sp.pru- 
dencia.] Wisdom applied to practice. PriLdence implies 
caution in deliberating and consulting on the most suita- 
ble means to accomplish valuable purposes, and the exer- 
cise of sagacity in discerning and selecting them. Pru- 
dence differs from wisdom in this, that prudence implies 
more caution and reserve than wisdom, or is exercised 
more in foreseeing and avoiding evil, than in devising 
and executing that which is good. It is sometimes mere 
caution or circumspection. 

PRU'DENT, a. 1. Cautious ; circumspect ; practically wise ; 
careful of the consequences of enterprises, measures or 
actions ; cautious not to act when the end is of doubtful 
utility, or probably impracticable. 2. Dictated or directed 
by prudence. 3. Foreseeing by instinct. 4. Frugal j 
economical. 5. Wise ; intelligent. 

PRU-DEN'TIAL, a. 1. Proceeding from prudence ; dictated 
or prescribed by prudence. 2. Superintending the dis- 
cretionary concerns of a society. J\T. England. 

•fPRU-DEN-TI-AL'I-TY,w. The quality of being pruden- 
tial ; eligibility, on principles of prudence. Brown. 

PRU-DEN'TIAL-LY, adv. In conformity with prudence^ 
prudently. South. 

PRU-DEN'TIALS, n. plu. 1. Maxims of prudence or prac- 
tical wisdom. 2. The subordinate discretionary concerns 
and economy of a company, society or corporation. JY. 
England. 

PRU'DENT-LY, adv. 1. With prudence ; with due caution 
or circumspection j discreetly j wisely. 2. With frugality 3 
economically. 

PRU'DER-Y, n. Affected scrupulousness ; excessive nicety 
in conduct ; stiffness ; affected reserve or gravity 5 coyness. 

PRU'DISH, a. [from prude.] Affectedly grave j very for- 
mal, precise or reserved. Oarrick. 

PRUNE, V. t. 1. To lop or cut off the superfluous branches 
of trees, to make them bear better fruit or grow higher, or 
to give them a more handsome and regular appearance. 
2. To clear from any thing superfluous ; to dress j to trim. 

PRUNE, V. i. To dress ; to prink ; a ludicrous word. 

PRCtNE, w. [Fr. pru?ie ; It., Sp. pruna ; E. prunum.] A 
phum, or a dried plum. Bacon. 

PRUNED, pp. 1. Divested of superfluous branches; trim- 
med. 2. Cleared of what is unsuitable or superfluous. 

PRU'NEL, n. A plant. Jlhisworth. 

PRU-NEL'LO, n. A kind of stuff of which clergymen’s 
gowns are made. Pope. 

PRU-NEL'LO, n. [Fr. prunelle.] A kind of plum. 

PRuN'ER, n. One that prunes trees or removes what is 
superfluous. 

PRU-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. prumim and fero.] Bearing plums. 

PRUN ING, ppr. Lopping off superfluous branches ; trim- 
ming ; clearing of what is superfluous. 

PRuN'ING, n. In gardening and agricultureythe lopping off 
the superfluous branches of trees, either for improving the 
trees or their fruit. 

PRuN'ING-HOOK, ) n. An instrument used in pruning 

PRuNTNG-KNfFE, j trees. Dryden. 

PRU'RI-ENCE, ) n. [L. pruriens.] An itching, longing 

PRu'RT-EN-CY, \ desire or appetite for any thing. Swift. 

PRU'RI-ENT, a. Itching ; uneasy with desire. Warton. 

PRU-RIG'I-NOUS, a. [L. pruriginosus.'] Tending to an 
itch. Oreenhill. 

PRU-RI'GO, n. [L.] Itch. Ch'egory. 

PRuS'SIAN, (pru'snan) a. [from Prussia.'] Pertaining to 
Prussia. — Prtissian blucy a combination of iron with fer- 
rocyanic acid. 

PRuS'SIATE, n. A salt formed by the union of the prussic 
acid, or coloring matter of prussian blue, with a salifiable 
base. 

PRuS'SIG, a. The prussic acid is a compound of kyanogen 
or cyanogen, prussic gas and hydrogen, and hence called 
hydrocyanic acid. 

PRY, V. i. To peep narrowly ; to inspect closely ; to at- 
tempt to discover something with scrutinizing curiosity, 
whether impertinently or not. 

PRY, 71. Narrow inspection ; impertinent peeping. Smart. 

PRY, V. t. To raise or attempt to raise with a lever. This 
is the common popular pronunciation of prize, in America. 
The lever used is also called a pry. 

PRY'ING, ppr. Inspecting closely ; looking into with curi- 
osity. 

PRY'ING-LY, ado. With close inspection or impertinent 
curiosity. 

PRY'TANE, ) n. [Gr. npvravig.] In ancient Greece, a 

PRYT'A-NIS, I president of tlie senate of five hundred. 

[It is to be noted that, in words beginning with Ps aiid Pt, the 
letter p has no sound.] 

PSALM, (sam) n. [L. jisalmus.] A sacred song or hymn ; 
a song composed on a divine subject and in praise of God. 

PSaLM'IST, n. 1. A writer or composer of sacred songs ; a 
title particularly applied to David and the other authors 


of the Scriptural psalms. — 2. In the church of Rome, a 
clerk, precentor, singer or leader of music in the church. 

PSAL'MOD^^ I to psalmody. Warton. 

PSaL'MO-DIST, n. One who sings holy songs. Hammond. 

PSAL'MO-DY, 71. The act, practice or art of singing sacred 
songs. 

PSAL-MOG'R A-PHER, i n. A writer of psalms or divine 

PSAL-MOG'RA-PHIST, | songs and hymns. 

PSAL-MOG'RA-PHY, 71 . [Gr. ^a\pog and ypa0w.] The 
act or practice of writing psalms or sacred songs and 
hymns. 

PSAL'TER,71. \E. psalterium ; It., Sp. salterio.] 1. The 
book of Psalms ; often applied to a book containing the 
Psalms separately printed. — 2. In Romish countries, a 
large chaplet or rosary, consisting of a hundred and fifty 
beads, according to the number of the psalms. 

PSAL'TER-Y, 71. [Gr. xpaXrrjpiov.] An instrument of mu- 
sic used by the Hebrews, the form of which is not now 
known. 

PSAM'MITE, 71. [Gr. xpappog.] A species of micaceous 
sandstone. Brongniart. 

PSEu'DO, [Gr. false.] A prefix signifying false, 

counterfeit or spurious. 

PSEu'DO-A-POS'TLE, n. A false apostle ; one who falsely 
pretends to be an apostle. 

PSEu'DO-CHl'NA, 71. The false China root, a plant of the 
genus 5witZax, fimnd in America. Encyc. 

PSEu'DO-GA-Le'NA, n. False galena or black jack. 

PSEu'DO-GRAPH, ) n. [Gr. ipevSos and ypaipy.] False 

PSEU-DOG'RA-PHY, j writing. 

PSEU-DOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. i//£u5oXoyta.] Falsehood of 
speech. 

PSEu'DO-ME-TAL'LIC, a. Pseudo-metallic lustre is that 
which is perceptible only when held towards the light. 

PSEU-DO-MORPH'OUS, a. [pseudo, and Gr. popiprj.] Not 
having the true form. 

PSEl^'DO-Ti'NE-A, n. In natural history, the name of a 
remarkable species of insect or larva, resembling a moth. 

PSEu'DO-V^OL-€AN'IC, a. Pertaining to or produced by a 
pseudo-volcano. Cleaveland. 

PSEu'DO-VOL-Ca'NO, n. A volcano that emits smoke 
and sometimes flame, but no lava ; also a burning mine of 
coal. 

PSHAW, ezclam. An expression of contempt, disdain or 
dislike. 

PSo'AS, 71. [Gr.] The name of two inside muscles of the 
loins. 

PSo'RA, n. [Gr.] The itch. 

PSy-€HO-LOG'I€, I a. Pertaining to a treatise on the 

PSy-€HO-LOG'I-€AL, \ soul, or to the study of the soul 
of man. Literary Mag. 

PS Y-GHOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. Xoyo?.] A discourse 

or treatise on the human soul ; the doctrine of the nature 
and properties of the soul. Campbell. 

PSY-GHOM'A-CHY, n. A conflict of the soul with the 
body. 

PSy'€HO-MAN-CY, 71. Divination by consulting the souls 
of the dead. 

PTaR'MI-GAN, n. A fowl of the genus tetrao. 

* PTIS'AN, (tiz'an) n. [E.ptisana.] A decoction of barley 
with other ingredients. Arbuthnot. 

PTOL-E-Ma'I€, a. [from PtoZm?/.] Pertaining to Ptolemy. 
The Ptolemaic system, in astronomy, is that maintained by 
Ptolemy, who supposed the earth to be fixed in the centre 
of the universe. 

PTY'A-LISM, 77 . [Gr. TtruaXto-^o?.] In 7nc<Zici7?e, salivation j 
an unnatural or copious flow of saliva. Coze. 

PTYS'MA-GOGUE, 71. [Gr. n tv ay a and ay o).] A medicine 
that promotes discharges of saliva. Diet. 

PUB'BLE, a. Full ; fat. Grose. 

Pu'BER-TY, 71 . [L. pubertas.] Tlie age at which persons 
are capable of procreating and bearing children. 

PU'BeS, n. [L.] In botany, the hairiness of plants; a 
downy or villous substance which grows on plants ; pu- 
bescence. Martyn, 

PU-BES'CENCE, n. [L. pubescens.] 1. The state of a youth 
who has arrived at puberty ; or the state of puberty. 
Brown.— ‘H. In botany, hairiness ; shagginess ; the hairy or 
downy substance on plants. 

PU-BES'CENT, a. 1. Arriving at puberty. Broton.—ii. In 
botany, covered with pubescence. 

PUB'LTC, a. [L. publicus ; Sp. publico ; It. pubblico ; Fr. 
publique.] 1. Pertaining to a nation, state or community ; 
extending to a whole people. 2. Common to many ; cur- 
rent or circulated among people of all classes ; general. 
3. Open ; notorious ; exposed to all persons witl)out re- 
striction. 4. Regarding the community; directed to the 
interest of a nation, state or community. 5. Open for 
general entertainment. 6. Open to common use. 7. In 
general, public expresses something common to mankind 
at large, to a nation, state, city or town, and is opposed 


I Obsolete. 






PUG 


PUD 


653 


to private^ — Public law is often synonymous with the 
law of nations. 

PUB'Lie, n. The general body of mankind or of a nation, 
state or community ; the people, indefinitely. — In publicy 
in open view ; before the people at large : not in private. 
PUB'LIC-HOUSE, n. A house of entertainment. 

PUB'LI-CAN, n. [L. paWicanus.] 1. A collector of toll or 
tribute. 2. The keeper of a public house ; an inn -keeper. 

PUB-LI-€A^TION, n. [h. publicatio.] 1. The act of pub- 
lishing or oftering to public notice ; notification to a people 
at large, either by words, writing or printing j proclama- 
tion ; divulgation ; promulgation. 2. The act of oftering 
a book or writing to the public by sale or by gratuitous 
distribution. 3. A work printed and published j any 
pamphlet or book oftered for sale or to public notice. 

t PUB'LI€-HEA11T'ED, a. Public-spirited. Clarendon. 

PUB'LI-CIST, 11 . A writer on the laws of nature and na- 
tions ; one who treats of the rights of nations. Kent. 

PUB-LIC'I-TY, n. [Fr. publicite.^ The state of being public 
or open to the knowledge of a community ; notoriety. 

PUB'LIC-LY, adv. 1. Openly ; with exposure to popular 
view or notice ; without concealment. 2. In the name 
of the cominunity. 

PUB'LIO-MiND-ED, a. Disposed to promote the public in- 
terest. [Little used.] 

PUB Ll€-MIND'ED-NESS, n. A disposition to promote the 
public weal or advantage. [Little used.] South. 

PUB'LIG-NESS, 11 . 1. The state of being public, or open 
to the view or notice of people at large. 2. State of be- 
longing to the community. 

PUB'Li€-SPIR'IT-ED, a. 1. Having or exercising a dis- 
position to advance the interest of the community ; dis- 
posed to make private sacrifices for the public good. 2. 
Dictated by a regard to public good. 

PUB'LIG-SPIR'IT-ED-NESS, n. A disposition to advance 
the public good, or a willingness to make sacrifices of 
private interest to promote the common weal. 

PUB'LISH, V. t. [Fr. publier j Sp. publicar ^ It. pubblic are ; 
L. publico.] 1. To discover or make known to mankind 
or to people in general what before was private or un- 
known j to divulge, as a private transaction ; to promul- 
gate or proclaim, as a law or edict. 2. To send a book 
into the world ; or to sell or ofter for sale a book, map or 
print. 3. To utter ; to put oft' or into circulation. Laws 
of Mass. 4. To make known by posting, or by reading 
in a church. 

PUB'LISHED, pp. Made known to the community ; di- 
vulged ; promulgated ; proclaimed. 

PUB'LISH-ER, n. 1. One who makes known what was 
before private or unknown ; one that divulges, promul- 
gates or proclaims. 2. One who sends a book or writing 
into the world for common use ; one that ofters a book, 
pamphlet, &c., for sale. 3. One who utters, passes or 
puts into circulation a counterfeit paper. 

PUB'LISH-ING, ppr. Making known •, divulging; promul- 
gating ; proclaiming ; selling or oftering publicly for sale ; 
uttering. 

PUB'LISII-MENT, n. In popular usage in JVew Englandy a 
notice of intended marriage. 

PUC-GOON', n. A plant, a species of sanguinaria the 
blood-root. Fam. of Plants. 

PUCE, a. Of a dark brown color. Qu. 

PO'CEL-AGE, 71. [Fr.] A state of virginity. [Little used.] 
Robinson. 

PC'CE-RON, It. [Fr.] The name of a tribe of small insects ; 
the aphis, vine-fretter, or plant-louse. 

PUGK, 11 . [Ice., Sw. puke ; Scot, puck.] A demon ; a mis- 
chievous spirit. Shak. 

PUGIU-BALL, or PUGK'-FIST, n. [frompucA:.] A kind 
of mushroom full of dust. Diet. 

PUGK'ER, V. t. [Sp. iiicAe.] To gather into small folds or 
wrinkles ; to contract into ridges and furrows ; to corru- 
gate. 

PUGK'ER, n. A fold or wrinkle, or a collection of folds. 

PUGK'ERED, pp. Gathered in folds; wrinkled. 

PUGK'ER-ING, ppr. Wrinkling. 

PUD'DER, It. [this is supposed to be the same as pother.] 
A tumult ; a confused noise ; a bustle. [ Kulgar.] Locke. 

PUD'DER, V. i. To make a tumult or bustle. Locke. 

PUD'DER, v.t. To perplex; to embarrass; to confuse; 
vulgarly, to bother. Locke. 

PlJD'blNG, n. [W. poten ,* Fr. boudin ; G., Dan. pudding ; 
Sw. puding.] 1. A species of food of a soft or moderately 
hard consistence, variously made, but usually a com- 
pound of flour, or meal of maize, with milk and eggs, 
sometimes enriched with raisins and called plum-pudding. 
2. An intestine. Shak. 3. An intestine stufted with 
meat, &c. now called a sausage. 4. Proverbially, food 
or victuals. 

PUD'DING,or PUD'DEN-ING, n. In seainen\s language, 
a thick wreath or circle of cordage, tapering from the 
middle towards the ends, and fastened about the mast 
below the trusses, to prevent the yards from falling down 
when the ropes sustaining them are shot away. 


PUD^DI]\G-GRXSS, n. A plant of the genus mentha* 
PIP'DING-GROSS, 71. A plant. Gu. Johnson. 
Pl]D'DING-PlE, n. A pudding with meat baked in it. 
PjjD'DING PlPE-TREE, n. A plant of the genus cassia, 
PljD'DING-SLEEVE, 71 . A sleeve of the full dress clerical 
gown. Swift. 

PIJD'DING-STONE, n. Conglomerate; a coarse sandstone 
composed of silicious pebbles, flint, &c. united by a cem- 
ent. Cleaveland. 


PUD DING-TiME, n. 1, The time of dinner, pudding be- 
ing formerly the first dish set on the table, or rather first 
eaten. 2. The nick of time ; critical time. 

PUD'DLE, 71. [Ir. boidhlia ; G. pfiitze.] A small stand of 
dirty water ; a muddy plash. Add>.son. 

PUD'DLE, V. t. 1. To make foul or muddy ; to pollute 
with dirt ; to mix dirt and water. 2. To make thick or 
close. 

PUD'DLE, V. i. To make a dirty stir. Junius. 

PUD'DLED, pp. Made muddy or foul. 

PUD'DLING, ppr. Making muddy or dirty. 

PUD'DLY, a. Muddy ; foul ; dirty. Carew. 

PUD'DOGK, or PUR'ROGK, n. [for paddock, or parrock.] 
A small inclosure. [Provincial in England.] 

Pu'DEN-CY, n. [L. pudens.] Modesty ; shamefacedness. 
Shak. 

PU-DEN'DA, 7i.^/m. [L.] The parts of generation. 

Pu'DIG, ) a. [1j. pudicus.] Pertaining to the parts which 

PU'DI-GAL, I modesty requires to be concealed. 

PU-DIC'I-TY, n. [Fr. pudicite ; L. pudicitia.] Modesty ; 
chastity. Howell. 

PuE'-FEL-LoW'. See Pew-fellow. 

Pu'E-RILE, a. [Fr. ; L. puerilis.] Boyish ; childish ; tri- 
fling ; as, v^uerile amusement. Pope. 

PU-E-RIL'I-TY, 71. [Fr. puerilite ; L. puerilitas.] 1. Child- 
ishness ; boyishness ; the manners or actions of a boy ; 
that which is trifling. — 2. In discourse, a thought or ex- 
pression which is flat, insipid or childish. 

PU-ER'PE-RAL, a. [L. jmerpera.] Pertaining to child- 
birth ; as, a puerperal fever. 

PU-ER'PE-ROUS, a. [L. puerperus.] Bearing children ; 
lying in. 

PU'ET. See Pewet. 

PUFF, 71. [D. po/,' G., Dan. pwjf.] 1. A sudden and single 
emission of breath from the mouth ; a quick forcible blast; 
a whiff. 2. A sudden and short blast of wind. 3. A 
fungous ball filled with dust. 4. Any thing light and 
porous, or something swelled and light. 5. A substance 
of loose texture, used to sprinkle powder on the hair. 6. 
A tumid or exaggerated statement or commendation. 
Cibber. 


PUFF, V. i. [G.puffen; D.poffen.] 1. To drive air from 
the mouth m a single and quick blast. 2. To swell the 
cheeks with air. 3. To blow, as an expression of scorn or 
contempt. 4. To breathe with vehemence, as after vio- 
lent exertion. 5. To do or move with hurry, agitation 
and a tumid, bustling appearance. 6. To swell with air ; 
to dilate or inflate. 

PUFF, V. t. 1. To drive with a blast of wind or air. 2. To 
swell ; to inflate ; to dilate with air. 3. To swell ; to 
inflate ; to blow up. 4. To drive with a blast in scorn or 
contempt. 5. To praise with exaggeration. 

PUFF'-BALL, n. A fungus or mushroom full of dust. 

PUFFED, pp. Driven out suddenly, as air or breath ; blown 
up ; swelled with air ; inflated with vanity or pride ; 
praised. 

PUFF'ER, n. One that puffs ; one that praises with noisy 
commendation. 

PUFF'IN, 71. I. A water-fowl of the genus alca or auk. 2. 
A kind of fish. 3. A kind of fungus with dust ; a fuzzball. 

PUFF'IN-AP-PLE, 71. A sort of apple so called. 

PUFF'I-NESS, 71. State or quality of being turgid. 

PUFF'ING, ppr. Driving out the breath with a single, sud- 
den blast ; inflating; praising pompously. 

PUFF'ING-LY, adv. L Tumidly ; with swell. 2. With 
vehement breathing or shortness of breath. 

PUFF'Y, a. I. Swelled with air or any soft matter; tumid 
with a soft substance. 2. Tumid; turgid; bombastic. 

PUG, 71 . [Sax., Sw. pi>a,- Dan. pi|^e.] The name given to 
a little animal treated with familiarity, as a monkey, or 
a little dog. 

t PUG'GERED, for puckered. More. 

PUGH, exclain. A word used in contempt or disdain. 

PU'GIL, 71 . [It. pugillo ; Fr. pugile ,* L. pugillum.] As 
much as is taken up between the thumb and two first 
fingers. Bacon. 

Pu'GiL-ISM, 71 . [L., Sp. pugil.] The practice of boxing or 
fighting with the fist. 

PU'GIL-IST, 71 . A boxer ; one who fights with his fists. 

PU-GIL-IS'TIG, a. Pertaining to boxing or fighting with 

the fist. ^ , 

PUG-Na'CIOUS, a. [h. pugnax.] Disposed to fight; in- 
clined to fighting; quarrelsome; fighting. More. 

PUG-NAC'I-TY, 71 . Inclination to fight; quarrelsomeness. 
[Little used.] Bacon. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BJJLL, UNITE.— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


PUL 


G54 


PUN 


PuIS'NE, (pu'ny) a. [Fr. puis and we.] 1. In law, younger 
or inferior in rank. 2. Later in date ; [ 0 & 5 .] Hale. 

^ Pu'IS-SANCE, n. [Fr.] Power; strength; might; force. 
Milton. 

* Pu'IS-SANT, a. Powerful ; strong ; mighty ; forcible. 
Milton. 

PU'IS-SANT-LY, adv. Powerfully; with great strength. 

PUKE, -y. i. [Heb. ; L. vacuo.'] To vomit ; to eject from 
the stomach. Shak. 

PUKE, n. A vomit ; a medicine which excites vomiting. 

PUKE, a. Of a color between black and russet. Shak. 

PUKED, pp. Vomited. 

PuK'ER, n. A medicine causing vomiting. 

PuK'ING, ppr. Vomiting. 

PULUllRl-TUDE, n. [1.. pvlchHtudo.] 1. Beauty; hand- 
someness ; grace ; comeliness ; that quality of form which 
pleases the eye. 2. Moral beauty ; those qualities of the 
mind which good men love and approve. 

PULE, V. i. [Fr. piauler.] 1. To cry like a chicken. 2. 
To wliine ; to cry as a complaining child ; to whimper. 

Pu'LIO, n. A plant. Ainsxcorth. 

I Pu'LI-COSE, \ a. [L. puUcosus.] Abounding with fleas. 

t Pu'LI-€OUS, ! Diet. 

PuL'ING, ppr. Crying like a chicken ; whining. 

PuL'ING, w. A cry, as of a chicken ; a whining. 

PuL'ING-LY, adv. With whining or complamt. 

Pu^Ll-OL, n. A plant. Ainsworth. 

PULK’HA, n. A Laplander’s traveling sled or sleigh. 

PULL, v.t. [Sax. pullian.] 1. To draw ; to draw towards 
one, or to make an effort to draw. Pull differs from draw ; 
we use draw when motion follows the effort, and pull is 
used in the same sense ; but we may also pull forever 
without drawing or moving the thing. This distinction 
may not be universal. Pull is opposed to push. 2. To 
pluck ; to gather by drawing or forcing off or out. 3. To 
tear ; to rend ; but in this sense followed by some qualify- 
ing word or phrase. 

To pull down. 1. To demolish or to take in pieces by separ- 
ating the parts. 2. To demolish ; to subvert; to destroy. 
3. To bring down; to degrade ; to humble. — To pull off, 
to separate by pulling ; to pluck ; also, to take off without 
force. — To pull out, to draw out ; to extract. — To pull up, 
to pluck up ; to tear up by the roots ; hence, to extirpate ; 
to eradicate ; to destroy. 

PULL, n. 1. The act of pulling or drawing with force ; an 
effort to move by drawing towards one. 2. A contest ; a 
struggle. 3. Pluck ; violence suffered. 

PULL'BACK, n. That which keeps back, or restrains from 
proceeding. 

PULLED, pp. Drawn towards one ; plucked. 

t PULL'EN, n. [Fr. poule ,* L. pxdlus.] Poultry. Bailey. 

PULL'ER, n. One that pulls. Shak. 

PULL'ET, n. [Fr. poulet ; It. polio ; L. pullus.] A young 
hen or female of the gallinaceous kind of fowls. 

PIJLL'EY, n. ; Pulleys. [Fr. poulie ; Sp. poll a ; L. 
poliis.] A small wheel turning on a pin in a block, with a 
furrow or groove in which runs the rope that turns it. 

PUL'LI-€AT, n. A kind of silk handkerchief. 

PTJLL'ING, ppr. Drawing ; making an effort to draw ; 
plucking. 

PUL'LU-LATE, v. i. [L. pullulo.] To germinate ; to bud. 

PUL-LU-La'TION, n. A germinating or budding ; the 
first shooting of a bud. More. 

PUL'MO-NA-RV, a. [L. pulmonarius.] Pertaining to the 
lungs ; affecting the lungs. 

PUL'MO-NA-R Y, n. [Lt. pul monaria.] A plant, lungwort. 

PUL-MON'I€, a. [Fr. j^ulinonique.] Pertaining to the lungs; 
affecting the lungs. 

PUL-IMON'IG, 71. 1. A medicine for diseases of the lungs. 
2. One affected by a disease of the lungs. Arbuthnot. 

PULP, n. [Fr. piilpc; 'L.pulpa.] 1. A soft mass. 2. The 
soft substance within a bone ; marrow. 3. The soft, 
succulent part of fruit. 4. The aril or exterior covering 
of a coffee-berry. 

PULP, V. t. To deprive of the pulp or integument, as the 
coffee-berry. 

PUL'PIT, 7J. [Ij. pulpitum ^ It., Sp. pulpito ; Fr. piipitre.] 
1. An elevated place or inclosed stage in a church, in 
which the preacher stands. It is called, also, a 2. 
In the Roman theatre, the pulpitum was the place where 
the players performed their parts, lower than the scena, 
and higher than the orchestra. 3. A movable desk, from 
which disputants pronounced their dissertations, and au- 
thors recited their works. 

PUL'PiT-EL'O-aUENCE, or PULTIT-OR'A-TO-RY, n. 
Eloquence or oratory in delivering sermons. 

PUL-PIT'I-GAL-LY, in Chesterfield, is not an authorized 
word. 

PUL'PIT-OR'A-TOR, n. An eloquent preacher. 

PULP'OUS, a. Consisting of pulp or resembling it; soft 
like pap. Philips. 

PUl.iP'OUS-NESS, n. Softness ; the quality of being pulp- 
ous. 


PULP'Y, a. Like pulp; soft; fleshy; succulent. Ray. 

PULS^ATE, V. i. [L. jpuZ^atn^.] To beat or throb. 

PULS^A-TlLE, a. [L. pulsatilis.] That is or may be struck 
or beaten ; played by beating. M%is. Diet. 

PUL-Sa'TION, n. [L. pzilsatio.] 1. The beating or throb- 
bing of the heart or of an artery, in the process of carrying 
on the circulation of the blood. — 2. In law, any touching 
of another’s body willfully or in anger. 

PULS' A-TiVE, a. Beating ; throbbing. Enerje. 

PUL-Sa'TOR, 71. A beater; a striker. Diet. 

PULS' A-TO-RY, a. Beating ; throbbing, as the heart. 

PULSE, (puls) 71. [L. pulsus ; Fr. pouls.] 1. In a7imals, 
the beating or throbbing of the heart and arteries ; more 
particularly, the sudden dilatation of an artery, caused by 
the projectile force of the blood, which is perceptible to 
the touch. 2. The stroke with which a medium is af- 
fected by the motion of light, sound, &c. ; oscillation ; 
vibration. — To feel one^s pulse, metaphorically, to tioxmd. 
one’s opinion ; to try or to know one’s mind. 

PULSE, V. i. To beat, as the arteries. [Little used.] Ray. 

PULSE, V. t. [L. pulso.] To drive^ as the pulse. [L. w.] 

PULSE, n. [qu. L. pulsus.] Leguminous plants or their 
seeds ; as beans, peas, &c. Dryden. 

PUL-SIF'IC, a. [pulse, and li.facio.] Exciting the pulse ; 
causing pulsation. Smith. 

PUL'SION, 71. [from L. pulsus.] The act of driving for- 
ward ; in opposition to suction or traction. [L. u.] More. 

PUL-TA'CEOUS, a. [from Gr. uoXtos ; 'L.puls.] Macer- 
ated ; softened ; nearly fluid. Beddoes. 

PUL'TISE, n. [Ij. pultis.] A poultice. Burton. 

PUL'VER-A-BLE, a. [L. pulvis.] That may be reduced to 
fine powder ; capable of being pulverized. 

PUL'VER-ATE, v. t. To beat or reduce to powder or dust. 

PUL/VER-IN, ) 

PUL'VER-INE, 5 of barilla. 

PUL-VER-I-Za'TION, n. [from pulverize.] The act of re- 
ducing to dust or powder. 

PUL'VER-lZE, V. t. [It. polverizzare ; Fr. pulveriser.] To 
reduce to fine powder, as by beating, grinding, &c. 

PUL'VER-iZED, pp. Reduced to fine powder. 

PUL'VER-iZ-ING, ppr. Reducing to fine powder. 

PUL'VER-OUS, a. Consisting of dust or powder; like 
powder. 

PUL-VER'U-LENCE, n. Dustiness ; abundance of dust or 
powder. 

PUL-VER'U-LENT, a. 1. Dusty ; consisting of fine pow- 
der ; powdery. 2. Addicted to lying and rolling in the 
dust, as fowls. 

PUL'VIL, n. A sweet-scented powder. [L.u.] Oay. 

t PUL'VIL, V. t. To sprinkle with a perfumed powder. 

Pu'MA, n. A rapacious quadruped of America. 

PUM ICE, 71. [L. pumex ,* D. puimsteen.] A substance 
frequently ejected from volcanoes, of various colors, gray, 
white, reddish-brown or black ; hard, rough and porous ; 
specifically lighter than water, and resembling the slag 
produced in an iron furnace. 

* PUM'lCE-STOJNE, 71. The same as purnice. 

PU-MI"CEOUS, a. Pertaining to pumice ; consisting of 
pumice or resembling it. 

PUM'MEL. See Pommel. 

PUMP, n. [Fr. pornpe ; D._pomp; ’D^lO. pompe.] 1. A hy- 
draulic engine for raising water. 2. A shoe with a thin 
sole. Swift. 

PUMP, V. i. To work a pump ; to raise water with a pump. 

PUMP, V. t. 1. To raise with a pump. 2. To draw out by 
artful interrogatories. 3. To examine by artful questions 
for the purpose of drawing out secrets. 

PUMP'-BoLTS, 71. Two pieces of iron, one used to fasten 
the pump-spear to the brake, the other as a fulcrum for 
the brake to work upon. 

PUMP '-BRAKE, 71. The arm or handle of a pump. 

PUMP'-DALE, 71. A long wooden tube, used to convey the 
water from a chain-pump across the ship and through the 
side. 

PUMP'ER^ 71. The person or the instrument that pumps. 

PUMP'-GeAR, 71. The materials for fitting and repairing 
pumps. 

PUMP'- HOOD, 71. A semi-cylindrical frame of wood, cov- 
ering the’ upper wheel of a chain-pump. 

PUMP'ION, 71. [D. poynpoen ,* Sw. pomp.] A plant and its 
fruit, of the genus cucu7 bita. 

PUMP'KIN, 71. A pompion. [ This is the commoji orthogra- 
phy of the^word m the U7iited States.] 

PUMP'-SPeAR, 71. The bar to which the upper box of a 
pump is fastened, and which is attached to the brake or 
handle. Mar. Diet. 

PUN, 71. [qu. W. pu7i.] An expression in which a word 
has at once different meanings ; an expression in which 
two dififerent applications of a word present an odd or 
ludicrous idea ; a kind of quibble or equivocation ; a low 
species of 7 c it. 

PUN, V. i. To quibble ; to use the same word at once in 
different senses. Dryden. 

PUN, V. t. To persuade by a pun. Addison. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PR£Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


PUN 


655 


PUR 


PUNCH, n. [W. ;j?rnc ; Arm. poengonn ; Tr. poingon ; Sp. 
panzon.l An instrument of iron or steel, used in several 
arts for perforating holes in plates of metal, and so con- 
trived as to cut out a piece. 

PUiVCH, 7/. [Sp. ponche ; G. punschJ] A drink composed of 
water sweetened with sugar, with a mixture of lemon- 
juice and spirit. Swift. 

PUNCH, n. The buffoon or harlequin of a puppet-show. 
See Punchinello. 

PUNCH, 77. 1. A well-set horse with a short back, thin 
shoulders, broad neck, and well covered with flesli. 2. A 
short, fat fellow. 

PUNCH, V. t. [Sp. punzar ; W. pynciaw ; L. pungo.] 1. To 
perforate with an iron instrument, either pointed or not. 
— 2. In popular usage^ to thrust against with something 
obtuse. 

PUNCH'BoWL, 77. A bowl in which punch is made, or 
from whicli it is drank. 

PUNCHED, pp. Perforated with a punch. 

PUNCH'EUN, (punchhm) n. [Fr.potHpo7j.] 1. A small piece 
of steel, on the end of which is engraved a figure or letter, 
in creux or relievo, with which impressions are stamped 
on metal or other substance ; used in coinage, in forming 
the matrices of types, and in various arts. — 2. In carpen- 
try^ a piece of timber placed upright between two posts, 
whose bearing is too great. 3. A measure of liquids, or a 
cask containing usually 120 gallons. 

PUNCHIER, 77. 1. One that punches. 2. A punch or per- 
forating instrument. 

PUN-CHl-NEL'LO, n. A punch j a buffoon. Taller. 

PUNCHING, ppr. Perforating with a punch j driving 
against. 

PUNCIPY, a. Short and thick, or fat. 

PUNC'TATE, ) a. [G. punctus.'] 1. Pointed. — 2. In &ot- 

PUNC'TA-TED, j a/7y, perforated ; full of small holes. 

PUNC'Tl-FORM, a. [L. punctiun, and form.] Having the 
form of a point. Ed. Encyc. 

PUNC-TIL'IO, (punk-tiPyo) n. [Sp. puntilla ; It. puntiglio.] 
A nice point of exactness in conduct, ceremony or pro- 
ceeding ; particularity or exactness in forms. Addison. 

PUNG-TILTOUS, (punk-til'yus) a. Very nice or exact in 
the forms of behavior, ceremony or mutual intercourse ; 
very exact in the observance of rules prescribed by law or 
custom ; sometimes, exact to excess. Rogers. 

PUNC-TILTOUS-LY, adc. With exactness or great nicety. 

PUN€-TIL'IOUS-NESS, n. Exactness in the observance 
of forms or rules j attentive to nice points of behavior or 
ceremony. 

FUNC TION, 77. [\j. punctio.] A puncture. 

PUNC'TO, 77. [Sp., It. punto ^ E. punctum.] 1. Nice point 
of form or ceremony. 2. The point in fencing. 

PUN€T'U-AL, a. [Vx. ponctuel j \t. puntuale ^ Sp. puntual.] 

1. Consisting in a point ; [1. w.] 2. Exact ; observant of 
nice points ; punctilious, particularly in observing time, 
appointments or promises. 3. Exact. 4. Done at the 
exact time. 

PUNCT'U-AL-IST, n. One that is very exact in observing 
forms and ceremonies. Milton. 

PUNCT-U-ALT-TY, n. 1. Nicety ; scrupulous exactness. 

2. It is now used chiefly in regard to time. 

PUNCT'U-AL-LY, adc. Nicely ; exactly ; with scrupulous 

regard to time, appointments, promises or rules. 

PUNCT'U-AL-NESS, n. Exactness; punctuality. Felton. 

PUNCT'U-ATE, V. t. [Fr. ponctuer.] To mark wiUi points; 
to designate sentences, clauses or other divisions of a 
writing by points, which mark the proper pauses. 

PUNCT'U-A-TED, pp. 1. Pointed. Fourcroy. 2. Having 
the divisions marked with points. 

PUNCT'U-A-TING, ppr. Marking with points. 

PUNCT-U-a'TION, 77. In grammar, the act or art of point- 
ing a w'riting or discourse. 

t PUNCT'U-LATE, v.t. [E. punctulum.] To mark with 
small spots. Woodward. 

PUxVCT'URE, 77. [L. punctura ; It. piaitura.] The act of 
perforating with a pointed instrument; or a small hole 
made by it. Rambler. 

PUNCT/URE, V. t. To prick ; to pierce with a small, point- 
ed instrument. 

PUNCT'URED, pp. Pricked ; pierced with a sharp point. 

PUN€T'U-RING, ppr. Piercing with a sharp point. 

PUNHMT, 77 . [Persic.] In Hindostan, a learned Bramin ; 
one versed in the Sanscrit language, and in the science, 
laws and religion of that country. 

t PUN'DLE, 77. A short and fat woman. Ainsworth. 

PUN'GAR, 77. A fish. Ainsicorth. 

PUx\/GEN-CY, 77 . [L. pungens.] 1. The power of pricking 
or piercing. 2. That quality of a substance which pro- 
duces the sensation of pricking, or affecting the taste like 
minute sharp points ; sharpness ; acridness. 3. Power to 
pierce the mind or excite keen reflections or remorse. 4. 
Acrimoniousness ; keenness. 

PIJN'GENT, a. [E. pungens.] 1. Pricking; stimulating. 

2. Acrid ; affecting the tongue like small, sharp points. 

3. Piercing ; sharp. 4. Acrimonious ; biting. 


PUN'GER, V. t. To puzzle ; to confound. Cheshire Gloss. 

PU'NIC, a. [L. Punicus.] Pertaining to the Carthaginians j 
faithless ; treacherous ; deceitful ; as, Punic faith. 

Pu'NIC, 77. Tlie ancient language of the Carthaginians, of 
which Plautus has left a specimen. Asiat. Res. 

f Pu'NlCE, 77. A wall-louse ; a bug. Ainsworth. 

PU-NP'CEOUS, a. [E.puniceus.] Purple. Diet. 

PU'NI-NESS, 77. Littleness ; pettiness ; smallness w'ith fee- 
bleness. 

PUNTSH, v.t. [Arm. pM777^:a ; Px . punir , punissant It. 
punire ; Sp. ^ 777777 * ; from L. ^ 777770 .] ]. To pain ; to afflict 
with pain, loss or calamity for a crime or fault. 2. To 
chastise. 3. To rew’ard with pain or suffering inflicted 
on the offender. 

PUNiSH-A-BLE, a. 1. Worthy of punishment. 2. Liable 
to punishment; capable of being punished by law or 
right. 

PUN'ISH-A-BLE-NESS, 77. The quality of deserving or 
being liable to punishment. 

PUN'ISHED, pp. Afflicted with pain or evil as the retribu- 
tion of a crime or offense ; chastised. 

PUNTSII-ER, 77. One that inflicts pain, loss or other evil 
for a crime or offense. Milton. 

PUNffSH-INO, ppr. Afflicting with pain, penalty or suffer- 
ing of any kind, as the retribution of a crime or offense. 

PUNRSH-MENT, 77. Any pain or suffering inflicted on a 
person for a crime or offense, by the authority to which 
the offender is subject, either by the constitution of God 
or of civil society. 

PU-NI"TION, 77. [Fr.; L. punitio.] Punishment. [L. «.] 

Pu'NI-TiVE, a. [It. punitivo.] Awarding or inflicting pun- 
ishment ; that punishes. Hammond. 

Pu'NI-TO-RY, a. Punishing or tending to punishment. 

PUNK, 77. A prostitute ; a strumpet. Shak. 

PUN'NER, 77. A punster, wfflich see. Steele. 

PUN'NING, ppr. Using a word at once in different senses. 

PUN'NING, 77. The art or practice of using puns. 

PUN'STER, 77. One that puns or is skilled in punning ; a 
quibbler ; a low wit. Arbuthnot. 

PUNT, V. i. To play at basset and ombre. Addison. 

PUNT, 77. [Sax. punt; L. po775.] A flat-bottomed boat used 
in calking and repairing ships. Mar. Diet. 

PUNT'ER, 77. One that plays in basset against the banker 
or dealer. Encyc. 

Pu'NY, a. [contracted from Fr. puisne.] 1. Properly, young 
or younger ; but in this sense not used. 2. Inferior ; 
petty ; of an under rate ; small and feeble. 

Pu'NY, 77. A young, inexperienced person ; a novice. South. 

PUP, V. i. To bring forth whelps or young, as the female of 
the canine species. 

PUP, 77. A puppy. 

Pu'PA, 77. [L. pupa.] In natural history, an insect in that 
state in which it resembles an infant in swaddling 
clothes. 

Pu'PIL, 77. [L. pupilla.] The apple of the eye. 

PU'PIL, n. [Fr. pupille ; E. pupillus.] 1. A youth or scholar 
of either sex under the care of an instructor or tutor. 
2. A w^ard ; a youth or person under the care of a guar- 
dian. — 3. In the civil law, a boy or girl under the age of 
pubert}\ 

Pu'PIL-AGE, 77. 1. The state of being a scholar, or under 
the care of an instructor for education and discipline. 
2. Wardship; minority. In this latter sense, the Scots 
use pujhlarity. Beattie. 

PU'PIL-A-RY, a. [Fr. pupillaire ; E. papillaris.] Pertaining 
to a pupil or ward. Johnson. 

PU-PIV'O-ROUS, a. [ptipa, and L. voro.] Feeding on the 
larvas and cry sal ids of insects. S. L. Mitchill. 

PUPTET, 77. [Px. poupee ; E.pupus.] 1. A small image in 
the human form, moved by a wire in a mock drama ; a 
wmoden tragedian. 2. A doll. 3. A word of contempt. 
Shak. 

PUP'PET-MAN, or PUP PET-MAS-TER, 77. The master 
of a puppet-show. Swift. 

PUP'PET-PLaY-ER, 77. One that manages the motions of 
puppets. Hales. 

PUP'PET-RY,_77. Affectation. Marston. 

PUP PET-SHoW, 77. A mock drama performed by w^ooden 
images moved by wires. Swift. 

PUP PY, 77. 1. A whelp ; the young progeny of a bitch or 
female of the canine species. — 2. Applied to persons, a 
name expressing extreme contempt. Addison. 

PUP'PY, V. 7 . To bring forth whelps. 

PUP'PY-ISM, 77. 1. Extreme meanness. 2. Extreme affec- 
tation. Todd. 

PUR, V. i. To utter a low^, murmuring, continued sound, as 
a cat. 

PUR, v.t. To signify by purring. Gray. 

PUR, 77. The low, murmuring, continued sound of a cat. 

PU-Ra'NA, 77. Among the Hindoos, a sacred poem or book. 
Asiat. Res. 

PU-RANTG, a. Pertaining to the sacred poems of the Hin- 
doos. Asiat. Res. 

PUR'BE€K-STONE, n. A hard sand-stone. Micholson. 


* See Synopns. M6YE, BOOK, D6VE ;-BULL, UNITE.-O as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


PUR 


656 


PUR 


PCR BLTXT), a. [said to be from pore and Mind.] Near- 
sighted or dim-sighted j seeing obscurely. Shck. 

PUR BLIND-NESS, «. Shortness of sight j near-sighted- 
ness ; dimness of vision. 

PUR CHAS-A-BLE, a. [from purchase.'] That may be 
bought, purchased or obtained for a consideration. 

PUR'CHASE, r. t. [Fr. pourcAasser.] In its primary and 
legal sense, to gain, obtain or acquire by any means, ex- 
cept by descent or hereditary right. — 2. In comman usage, 
to buy ; to obtain property by paying an equivalent in 
money. It differs from barter only in the circumstance, 
that in purchasing, the price or equivalent given or secur- 
ed is money; in bartering, the equivalent is given in 
goods. 3. To obtain by an expense of labor, danger or 
other sacrifice. 4. To expiate or recompense by a tine or 
forfeit. 5. To sue out or procure, as a writ. 

PUR CIL\SE, V. i. In seamen^s language, to draw in. 

PUR CHASE, 71. [Norm., Fr. pourchas, or purchas.] 1. In 
law, the act of obtaining or acquiring the title to lands 
and tenements by money, deed, gift or any means, ex- 
cept by descent ; the acquisition of lands and tenements 
by a Ilian’s own act or agreement. — 2. In law, the suing 
out and obtaining a writ. — 3. In common usage, the ac- 
quisition of the title or property of any thing by rendering 
an equivalent in money. 4. That which is purchased ; 
any thing of which the property is obtained by giving an 
equivalent price in money. 5. That which is obtained by 
labor, danger, art, «5cc. 6. Formerly, robbery, and the 

thing stolen. 7. Any mechanical power or force applied 
to the raising or removing of heavy bodies. 

PUR CHASED, pp. 1. Obtained or acquired by one’s own 
act or agreement. 2. Obtained by paying an equivalent 
in money. 3. Obtained by labor, danger, art, &c. 

PUR'CHA’SE-^I6N-EY, 71. The money paid for any thing 
bought. Berkeley. 

PUR CHAS-ER, 71. 1. In law, one who acquires or obtains 
by conquest or by deed or gift, or in any manner other 
than by descent or inheritance. 2. One who obtains or ac- 
quires the property of any thing by paying an equivalent 
in money. 

PUR'CHA'S-ING, ppr. Buying ; obtaining by one’s own act 
or for a price. 

PURE, a. [L. purus ; It., Sp. puro j Fr. pur.] 1. Separate 
from all heterogeneous or extraneous matter; clear; free 
from mixture. 2. Free from moral defilement ; without 
spot ; not sullied or tarnished ; incorrupt ; undebased by 
moral turpitude ; holy. 3. Genuine ; real ; true ; incor- 
rupt; unadulterated. 4. Unmixed; separate from any 
other subject or from every thing foreign. 5. Free from 
guilt ; guiltless ; innocent. 6. Not vitiated with improper 
or corrupt words or phrases. 7. Disinterested. 8. Chaste. 
9. Free from vice or moral turpitude. Tit. i. 10. Cere- 
monially clean; unpolluted. Ezra vi. 11. Free from any 
thing improper. 12. Mere ; absolute ; that and that only ; 
unconnected with any thing else. 

t PURE, r. t. To purify ; to cleanse. Chaucer. 

PuRE'LY, ade. 1. In a pure manner ; with an entire sepa- 
ration of heterogeneous or foul matter. Is. i. 2. Without 
any mixture of improper or vicious words or phrases. 3. 
Innocently ; without guilt. 4. Merely ; absolutely ; with- 
out connection with any thing else ; completely; totally. 

Pure NESS, n. 1. Clearness ; an unmixed state; separation 
or freedom from any heterogeneous or foreign matter. 
2. Freedom from moral turpitude or guilt. 3. Simplicity ; 
freedom from mixture or composition. 4. Freedom from 
vicious or improper words, phrases or modes of speech. 

PURE VIL LEN-AGE, in the feudal law,\s a tenure of 
lands by uncertain services at the will of the lord. Black- 
stone. 

f PCR'FTLE, 11 . [Fr. pourjilee.] A sort of ancient trimming 
for women’s gowns, made of tinsel and thread, called 
also bobbin work. 

•f PUR FLE, V. t. [Fr. pourfiler ; It. proJUare.] To decorate 
with a wrought or flowered border ; to embroider. Milton. 

PUR'FLE, T 71. 1. A border of embroidered work. — 2. In 

PUR FLEW, I heraldry, ermins, peans or furs which 
compose a bordure. 

PURG A-MENT, ti. \~Li. pur g amen.] A cathartic. Bacon. 

PUR-Ga'TION, 71. [Fr.; L. purgatio.] 1. The act or oper- 
ation of cleansing or purifying by separating and carrying 
oft’ impurities or whatever is superfluous. — 2. In laic, the 
act of cleansing from a crime, accusation or suspicion of 
guilt. 

PURG A-TIVE, a. [It. purgativo ; Fr. purgatif.] Having 
the power of cleansing ; usually, having the power of 
evacuating the bowels ; cathartic. 

PURG'A-TIVE, 71. A medicine that evacuates the bowels ; 
a cathartic. 

PURG- 5'RI- \n’ i Pertaining to purgatory. Mede. 

PURG'A-TO-RY, a. [L. purgatorius.] Tending to cleanse ; 
cleansing ; expiatory. Burke. 

PURG A-TO-RY, 71. [Fr. purgatoire.] Among Catholics, n 
supposed place or state after death, m which tlie souls of 


persons are purified, or in which they expiate such of- 
fenses committed in this life, as do not merit eternal 
damnation. 

PURGE, (purj) V. t. [L. pur go ; Fr. purger ,* Sp. pur gar ; 
It. purgare.] 1. To cleanse or purify by separating and 
carrying otf W'hatever is impure, heterogeneous, foreign 
or superfluous. 2. To clear from guilt or moral defile- 
ment. 3. To clear from accusation or the charge of a 
crime, as in ordeal. 4. To remove what is ofl'ensive ; to 
sweep away impurities. 5. To clarify ; to defecate ; as 
liquors. 

PURGE, V. i. 1. To become pure by clarification. 2. To 
have frequent or preternatural evacuations by stool. 

PURGE, n. A medicine that evacuates the body by stool ; a 
cathartic. Arbuthnot. 

PURGED, pp. Purified; cleansed; evacuated. 

PURG'ER, 7J. 1. A person or thing that purges or cleanses. 

2. A cathartic. 

PURG'ING, ppr. Cleansing; purifying; carrying off impu- 
rities or superfluous matter. 

PURG ING, 71. A diarrhea or dysentery' ; preternatural 
evacuation by stool ; looseness of bowels. 

PU-RI-FI-Ca'TION, 77. [Fr.; E. purificatio.] 1. The act of 
purifying ; the act or operation of separating and remo- 
ving from any thing that which is heterogeneous or for- 
eign to it. — 2. In religion, the act or operation of cleansing 
ceremonially, by removing any pollution or defilement. 

3. A cleansing from guilt or the pollution of sin ; the ex- 
tinction of sinful desires, appetites and inclinations. 

PU-RIFT-CA-TTVE, ) a. Having power to purify ; tend- 

PU-RIFT-CA-TO-RY, \ ing to cleanse. 

PU'RI-Fi-ER, 77. That which purifies or cleanses ; a clean- 
ser ; a refiner. 

Pu'RI-FORM, a. ['L. pus, puris diud form.] Like pus ; in 
the form of pus. Med. Repos. 

PU'RI-FY, V. t. [Fr. purifier ; L. purijico.] 1. To make 
pure or clear ; to free from extraneous admixture. 2. To 
free from pollution ceremonially ; to remove whatever 
renders unclean and unfit for sacred services. 3. I’o free 
from guilt or the defilement of sin. 4. To clear from im- 
proprieties or barbarisms. 

Pu Rl-FY, V. i. To grow or become pure or clear. Burnet. 

Pu RI-FY-ING, ppr. Removing foreign or heterogeneous 
matter j cleansing from pollution ; fining ; making clear. 

Pu'RI-FY'-ING, 77. The act or operation of making pure, 
or of cleansing from extraneous matter or from pollution. 

Pu'RIM, 77. Among the Jews, the feast of lots, instituted to 
commemorate their deliverance from the machinations of 
Haman. Esth. ix. 

Pu'RIST, 77. [Fr. puriste.] One excessively nice in the use 
of words. Johnson. 

Pu'RI-TAN, 77. [from pure.] A Dissenter from the church 
of England. 

Pu'RI-TAN, a. Pertaining to the Puritans, or Dissenters 
from the church of England. Sanderson. 

PU-RI-TAN'I€, ) a. Pertaining to the Puritans or their 

PU-RI-TAN'I-CAL, j doctrines and practice ; exact ; 
rigid. 

PU-RI-TAN I-6AL-LY, adv. After the manner of the Pu- 
ritans. 

Pu RI-TAN-ISM, 77. The notions or practice of Puritans. 

Pu'RI-TAN-lZE, V. i. To deliver the notions of Puritans. 

Pu'RI-TY”, 77. [Fr. purite ; L. puritas.] 1. Freedom from 
foreign admixture or heterogeneous matter. 2. Clean- 
ness ; freedom from foulness or dirt. 3. Freedom from 
guilt or the defilement of sin; innocence. 4. Chastity; 
freedom from contamination by illicit sexual connection. 
5. Freedom from any sinister or improper views. 6. Free- 
dom from foreign idioms, from barbarous or improper 
words or phrases. 

PURL, 77. [supposed to be contracted from purfie. Qu.] 1. 
An embroidered and puckered border. 2. A kind of edg- 
ing for bone-lace. 

PURL, 77. A species of malt liquor; ale or beer medicated 
with wormwood or aromatic herbs. Johnson. 

PURL, 77. Two rounds in knitting. 

PURL, V. i. [Sw. porla ; W. freulaw.] 1. To murmur, as a 
small stream flowing among stones or other obstructions, 
which occasion a continued series of broken sounds. 2. 
To flow or run with a murmuring sound. 

PURL, V. t. To decorate with fringe or embroider}'. 

PURL, 77. A gentle, continued murmur of a small stream of 
rippling water. 

PUR'LIEu, (pur'lu) n. [Fr. pur, pure, and lieu, place.] A 
border; a limit ; a certain limited extent or district. 

PUR'LIN, 77. In architecture, a piece of timber extending 
from end to end of a building or roof. 

PURL'ING, ppr. Murmuring or gurgling, as a brook. 

PURL'ING, 71. The continued gentle murmur of a small 
stream. 

PUR-LOIN', V. t. [Fr. pour and loin.] 1. Literally-, to take 
or carry away for one’s self ; hence, to steal ; to take by 
theft. 2. To take by plagiarism ; to steal from books or 
manuscripts. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — F.YR, FALL, WHAT ; — PR£Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete* 


PUR 


G 57 


PUS 


PUR-LOIN', V. i. To practice theft. Tit. ii. 

PUR-LOIN'ED, (pur-loind') pp. Stolen j taken by plagia- 
rism. 

PUR-LOIN'ER, 71. A thief; a plagiary. 

PUR-LOIN'ING, ppr. Stealing; committing literary theft. 

PUll-LOIN'ING, n. Theft ; plagiarism. 

PUR'PAR-TY, 71. [Fr. pour and partie.] In law^ a share, 
part or portion of an estate, which is allotted to a co-par- 
cener by partition. Cowel. 

PUR'FLE, a. [Fr. pourpre ; L. purpureus ; Sp. purpureo ; 
It. porporino.] 1. Designating a color composed of red and 
blue blended, much admired, and formerly the Roman 
emperors wore robes of this color. — 2. In poetry^ red or 
livid ; dyed with blood. 

PUR'PLE, 77 . 1. A purple color or dress ; hence, imperial 
government in the Roman empire. 2. A cardinalate. 

PUR'PLE, V. t. [L. purpuro.] To make purple, or to dye 
of a red color. Milton. 

PUR'PLES, 71. plu. Spots of a livid red on the body; livid 
eruptions which appear in certain malignant diseases; a 
purple fever. 

PUR'PLISH, a. Somewhat purple. Boyle. 

PUR'PoRT, n. [Fr. pour and purter.'\ 1. Design or tenden- 
cy. Morris. 2. Meaning ; import. 

PUR'PoRT, V. t. 1. To intend ; to intend to show. Bacon. 
2. To mean ; to signify. 

PURToRT-ED, /?p. Designed; intended; meant. 

PUR'PoRT-ING, ppr. Designing; intending; importing. 

PURTOSE, 71. [Fr. propose Sp., It. proposito.'l 1. That 
which a person sets before himself as an object to be 
reached or accomplished ; the end or aim to which the 
view is directed in any plan, measure or exertion. 2. In- 
tention ; design. This sense, however, is hardly to be 
distinguished from the former. 3. End ; effect ; conse- 
quence, good or bad. 4. Instance; example; [oJs.] 5. 
Conversation ; [ 065 .] — Of purpose, on purpose, with pre- 
vious design ; with the mind directed to that object. 

PUR'POSE, V. t. To intend ; to design ; to resolve ; to de- 
termine on some end or object to be accomplished. 

PURTOSE, v. 7 . To have an intention; to have a design. 
Ps. xvii. To discourse. Spenser. 

PUR'POSED, pp. 1. Intended; designed. 2. Resolved; 
having formed a design or resolution ; applied to persons. 

PUR'POSE-LESS, a. Having no effect. [L. w.] Hall. 

PUR'POSE-LY, adv. By design; intentionally; with pre- 
determination. Atterbury. 

PUR'PRES-TURE, n. [Fr. pour and prendre, pris."] In law, 
a nuisance, consisting in an inclosure of or encroachment 
on something that belongs to the public. 

PUR'PRiSE, n. [Fr. pourpris.] A close or inclosure ; also, 
the whole compass of a manor. Bacon. 

PURPU-RATE, 71. A compound of purpuric acid and a 
salifiable base. Ure. 

PUR'PURE, 77 . In heraldry, purple, represented in engra- 
ving by diagonal lines. Encyc. 

PURTU-RIG, a. Purpuric acid is produced by the action 
of nitric acid upon the lithic or uric acid. Dr. Front. 

PURR, V. i. To murmur as a cat. See Pur. 

PURR, 77. A sea lark. Ainsworth. 

PURRE, 72. Ciderkin or perkin. Encyc. 

PUR'RING, ppr. Murmuring as a cat. 

PURSE, (purs) 77. [Fr. bourse; It. borsa ; D. beurs ; G. 
bdrse ; Dan. ^or^.J 1. A small bag in which money is 
contained or carried in the pocket. 2. A sum of money 
offered as the prize of winning in a horse race. — 3. In 
Turkey, a sum of money, about $222. 4. The public 

coffers ; the treasury. — Long purse, or heavy purse, 
wealth ; riches. — Light purse, or empty purse, poverty, or 
want of resources. — Sword and purse, the military power 
and wealth of a nation. 

PURSE, r. t. 1. To put in a purse. Milton. 2. To con- 
tract into folds or wrinkles. Shak. 

PURSED, pp. 1. Put in a purse. 2. Contracted into folds or 
wrinkles. 

PURSE'NET, (purs'net) n. A net, the mouth of which may 
be closed or drawn together like a purse. Mortimer. 

PURSE'-PRiDE, n. Pride of money ; insolence proceeding 
from the possession of wealth. Hall. 

PURSE'-PROUD, a. Proud of wealth ; puffed up wfith the- 
possession of money or riches. 

PURS'ER, 77. In the navy, an officer wiio has charge of the 
provisions of a ship of w^ar, and attends to their preserva- 
tion and distribution among the officers and crew. 

PURST-NESS. A mistake for jJ27ss727<’ss. See Pussy. 

PUR'SIVE-NESS. The same as pursiness. 

PURS'LAIN, 77. [It. porcellana.] A plant of the genus 
portulaca. Lee. 

PURS'LAIN-TREE, n. [L. halimus.] A shmb proper for 
hedges. 

PUR-Su'A-BLE, a. That may be pursued, followed or pros- 
ecuted. Sherwood. 

PUR-SO'ANCE, 77. 1 . A following ; prosecution, process or 
continued exertion to reach or accomplish something. 
2. Consequence. 


PUR-Su'ANT, a. [Fr. poursuivant.] Done in consequence 
or prosecution of any thing ; hence, agreeable, conform- 
able. 

PUR-SuE', V. t. [Fr. poursuivre.l To follow; to go or 
proceed after or in a like direction. 2. To take and pro- 
ceed in, without following another. 3. To follow w'ilh a 
view to overtake ; to follow with haste ; to chase. 4. To 
seek ; to use measures to obtain. 5. To prosecute; to 
continue. 6. To follow as an example ; to imitate. 7. To 
endeavor to attain to ; to strive to reach or gain. 8. To 
follow wuth enmity ; to persecute. 

PUR-SuE', V. i. To go on; to proceed; to continue; a 
Gallicism. 

PUR-SU'ED, (pur-sude');?p. Followed ; chased ; prosecuted ; 
continued. 

PUR-Su'ER, 77 . One that follows; one that chases; one 
that follows in haste with a view to overtake. Shak. 

PUR-Su'ING, ppr. Following; chasing; hastening after to 
overtake ; prosecuting ; proceeding in ; continuing. 

PUR-SulT', 77 . [Fr. pours^77 7te.] 1. The act of following with 
a view to overtake ; a following with haste, either for 
sport or in hostility. 2. A following with a view to reach, 
accomplish or obtain ; endeavor to attain to or gain. 3. 
Proceeding; course of business or occupation; continued 
employment with a view to some end. 4. Prosecution ; 
continuance of endeavor. 

PUR'SUI-VANT, (pur'swe-vant) 77 . [Fr. poursuivant.'] A 
state messenger; an attendant on the heralds. Spenser. 

PURS Y, a corrupt orthography. See Pussy. 

PUR'TE-NANCE, 77 . [E. pertinens.] Appurtenance ; but 
applied to the pluck of an animal. Ex. xii. 

PU'RL’^-LENCE, 1 77 . [L. purulentus.] The generation of 

Pu'RU-LEN-CY, j pus or matter ; pus. Arbuthnot. 

Pu'RU-LENT, a. Consisting of pus or matter; partaking 
of the nature of pus. Bacon. 

PUR-VEY', v.t. [Fr. pourvoir ; L. provideo.] 1. To pro- 
vide ; to provide with conveniences. 2. To procure. 

PUR-VEY', r. i. To purchase provisions ; to provide. Mil^ 
ton. 

PUR-VEY'ANCE, 77 . 1. Procurement of provisions or vict- 
uals. 2. Provision ; victuals provided. — 3. In English 
laws, the royal prerogative or right of pre-emption” by 
which the king was authorized to buy provisions and ne- 
cessaries for the use of his household at an apprized 
value. 

PUR-VEY OR, 77. 1. One who pr.^vides victuals, or whose 
business is to make provision for the table ; a victualer. 

2. An officer who formerly provided or exacted provision 
for the king’s household. England. 3. One who provides 
the means of gratifying lust; a procurer; a pimp; a 
bawd. Dry den. 

PUR' VIEW, (pur'vu) n. [Norm. Fr. pourveu, purvieu.] I. 
Primarily, a condition or proviso ; [ 06 s.] 2 . The body of 

a statute, or that part which begins with “ Be it enacted 
as distinguished from the preamble. Cowel. — 3. In modern 
usage, the limit or scope of a statute ; th>> whole extent 
of its intention or provisions. Marshall. .. Superintend- 
ence. Ramsay. 5. Limit or sphere intended ; scope; ex- 
tent. Madison. 

PUS, 77. [L.] The white or yellowish matter generated in 
ulcers and wounds in the process of healing. 

PUSH, V. t. [Fr. pousser ; D. puis.] 1. To press against 
with force ; to drive or impel by pressure ; or to endeavor 
to drive by steady pressure, without striking ; opposed 
to draw. 2. To butt ; to strike with the end of the horns ; 
to thrust the points of horns against. 3. To press or urge 
forward. 4. To urge ; to drive. 5. To enforce ; to press; 
to drive to a conclusion. 6. To importune ; to press with 
solicitation; to tease. — To push down, to overthrow by 
pushing or impulse. 

PUSH, V. i. 1. To make a thrust ; as, to push with the 
horns or wfith a sw’ord. Addison. 2. To make an effort. 

3. To make an attack. 4. To burst out. — To push on, to 
drive or urge forward ; to hasten. 

PUSH, 77 . 1. A thrust with a pointed instrument, or with 
the end of a thing. 2. Any pressure, impulse or force ap- 
plied. 3. An assault or attack. 4. A forcible onset ; a 
vigorous eftbrt. 5. Exigence ; trial ; extremity. 6. A 
sudden emergence. 7. A little sw’elliug or pustule; a 
wheal ; a pimple ; an eruption. 

PUSHED, pp. Pressed ; urged ; driven. 

PUSH ER, 77 . One that drives forward. 

PUSH'ING, ppr. 1. Pressing; driving; urging forward. 
2. a. Pressing forw'ard in business ; enterprising ; driv- 
ing ; vigorous. 

PUSH PIN, 72 . A child’s play in which pins are pushed al- 
ternately. L^Estrancre. 

PU-SIL-LA-NIM'I-TY, 77 . [Fr. pusillanimite ; L. pusilla- 
nimitas.] Want of that fir7nness and strength of mind 
which constitutes courage or fortitude ; weakness of spir- 
it ; cowardliness. 

PU-SIL-LAN'I-MOUS, a. [Fr. p77S77/<77777/?e ; It. p27.?27Za77 7 777o.] 
1. Destitute of that strength and firmness of mind which 
constitutes courage, bravery and fortitude ; being of weak 


* See Synopsis. 510 VE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BTjLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tAw | Obsolete. 

*42 


PUT 


658 


PYG 


courage ; mean-spirited ; cowal•dl)^ 2. Proceeding from 
weakness of mind or want of courage ; feeble. 

PU-SJL-LAN'I-MOUS-LY, adc. With want of courage. 

PU-SIL-LAN'I-MOUS-NESS, n. Pusillanimity j want of 
courage. 

PUSS, /«. [D. Ir. pus.] 1. The fondling name of a 

cat. 2. The sportsman’s name for a hare. 

PUS'SI-NESS, 71. A state of being swelled or bloated 5 in- 
flation ; hence, shortness of breath. 

PUS'SY, a. [Fr. poussif.'] Properly, inflated 5 swelled ; 
hence, fat, short and thick ; and as persons of this 
make labor in respiration, the word is used for short- 
breathed. 

PUS'TU-L ATE, 75 . t. [1,. ptistulatus.] To form into pustules 
or blisters. Stackhouse. 

PUS'TUEE, (pus'l, or pus'tul) n. [Fr. pustule L. pustu- 
la.~\ A pimple or wheal j a small push or eruption on the 
skin. Arbuthnot. 

PUS'TLT-LOUS, a. [L. pustulosus.] Full of pustules or 
pimples. 

PUT, V. t. ; pret. and pp. put. [D. pooten ; W. pwtian, and 
pwtiaw.] 1. To set, lay or place. 2. Put is applicable to 
state or condition as well as to place ; as, put him in a condi- 
tion to help himself. 3. To repose. 4. To push into action. 
5. To apply j to set to employment. 6. To throw or intro- 
duce suddenly. 7. To consign to letters. 8. To oblige ; 
to require. 9. To incite j to instigate; to urge by influ- 
ence. 10. To propose. 11. To reach to another. Hah.ii. 
12. To bring into a state of mind or temper. 13. To offer ; 
to advance. 14. To cause. 

To put about, to turn ; to change the course ; to gibe ship. — 
To put by. 1. To turn away ; to divert. 2. To thrust 
aside. — To put down. 1. To baffle ; to repress ; to crush. 

2. To degrade ; to deprive of authority, power or place. 

3. To bring into disuse ; [ 0 & 5 .] 4. To confute ; to silence. — 
To put forth. 1. To propose ; to offer to notice. 2. To ex- 
tend ; to reach. 3. Toshootout ;tosendout, asasprout. 4. 
To exert ; to bring into action. 5. To publish, as a book. — 
Toputin. 1. To introduce among others. 2. To insert. 3. 
To conduct into a harbor. — To put in fear, to affright ; to 
make fearful. — To put in mind, to remind ; to call to remem- 
brance. — To put in practice, to use ; to exercise. — To put 
into another's hands, to trust ; to commit to the care of. — 
To put off. 1. To divest ; to lay aside. 2. To turn aside 
from a purpose or demand ; to defeat or delay by artifice. 

3. To delay; to defer; to postpone. 4. To pass falla- 
ciously ; to cause to be circulated or received. 5. To dis- 
card. 6. To recommend ; to vend ; to obtrude. 7. To 
vend ; to sell. 8. To pass into other hands. 9. To push 
from land. — To put on or tipo7i. 1. To impute ; to charge. 
2. To invest with, as clothes or covering. 3. To assume. 

4. To forward ; to promote ; [oZ>5.] 5. To impose ; to 

inflict. — To be put upon, to be imposed on ; to be deceiv- 
ed. — To put over. 1. To refer; to send. 2. To defer; 
to postpone. — To put out. 1. To place at interest ; to lend 
at use. 2. To extinguish. 3. To send ; to emit ; to 
shoot. 4. To extend ; to reach out ; to protrude. 5. To 
drive out ; to expel ; to dismiss. 6. To publish ; to make 
public ; \_culgar.~\ 7. To confuse ; to disconcert ; to in- 
terrupt. — To put out the eyes, to destroy the power of 
sight; to render blind. — To put to. 1. To add ; to unite. 
2. To refer to ; to expose. 3. To punish by ; to distress 
hy. -^To put to it, to distress ; to press hard ; to perplex ; 
to give difficulty to. — To be put to it, in the passive forin, 
to have difficulty. — To put the hand to. 1. To apply ; to 
take hold ; to begin ; to undertake. 2. To take by theft 
or wrong; to embezzle. — put to the sword, to kill ; to 
slay. — To jmt to death, to kill. — To jmt to a stand, to stop ; 
to arrest by obstacles or difficulties. — To put to trial, or on 
trial. 1. To bring before a court and jury for examina- 
tion and decision. 2. To bring to a test ; to try. — To put 
together. 1. To unite in a sum, mass or compound; to 
add. 2. To unite ; to connect. 3. To place in company 
or in one society. — To put trust in, to confide in ; to re- 
pose confidence in. — To put up. 1. To pass unavenged; 
to overlook ; not to punish or resent. Addison. 2. To 
send forth or shoot up, as plants ; [ofe.] 3. To expose ; 
to offer publicly. 4. To start from a cover ; [ 0 &. 9 .] 5. To 
hoard. 6. To re posit for preservation. 7. To pack ; to 
reposit in casks with salt for preservation. 8. To hide or 
lay aside. 9. To put in a trunk or box ; to pack. 

PUT, V. i. 1. To go or move ; [ 065 .] 2. To steer. 3. To 
shoot ; to germinate. 

To put forth. 1. To shoot ; to bud ; to germinate. 2. To 
leave a port or haven. — To put in. 1. To enter a harbor ; 
to sail into port. 2. To offer a claim. — To put in for, to 
ofler one’s self ; to stand as a candidate for. — To put off, 
to leave land. — To put on, to urge motion ; to drive vehe- 
mently. — To put over, to sail over or across. Abbot . — To 
put to sea, to set sail ; to begin a voyage ; to advance into 
the ocean. — To put up. 1 . fl’o take lodgings; to lodge; 
as, we put up nt the Golden Eall. 2. To offer one’s self 
as a candidate. — To put up to, to advance to; [little 
uscd.l — To ])ut up with. 1. To overlook or suffer without 


recompense, punishment or resentment. 2. To take 
without opposition or dissatisfaction. 

PUT, 7j. 1. An action of distress; as, a forced put. L^E- 
strange. 2. A game at cards. 

PUT, n. [qu. W.pjcf, a short, thick person.] A rustic; a 
clown. 

PUT, 7i. [Fr. putain ; W. put an ; It. putta, putt an 0 j Sp. 
puta.] A strunipet ; a prostitute. 

Put case, for put the case, suppose the case to be so; a vul- 
gar phrase. Burton. 

PU'TAGE, n. In laic, prostitution or fornication on the part 
of a female. Cowed. 

Pu'TAN-ISM, n. [Fr. putanisme.'] Customary lewdness or 
prostitution of a female. 

Pu'TA-TiVE, a. [Fr. jiutatif ; \i. putativo.'\ Supposed; re- 
puted ; commonly thought or deemed. 

PU'TID, 71. [L. putidus.'\ Mean ; base ; worthless. 

PU'TID-NESS, n. Meanness ; vileness. 

PUT'LOG, 71. A short piece of timber used in scaffolds. 

PUT'-OFF, 77. An excuse ; a shift for evasion or delay. 

PU-TRED'I-NOUS, a. \E. putredo.l Proceeding from pu- 
trefaction, or partaking of the putrefactive process ; hav- 
ing an offensive smell. Floyer. 

PU-TRE-FA€'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. putref actio.'] A natural 
process by which animal and vegetable bodies are disor- 
ganized and dissolved. 

PU-TRE-FAC'TIVE, a. 1. Pertaining to putrefaction. 2. 
Tending to promote putrefaction ; causing putrefaction. 

Pu'TRE-FlED, /7J7. Dissolved; rotten. 

PU'TRE-FY, V. t. [Fr. putrefier ; L. putrefacio.] 1. To 
cause to dissolve ; to disorganize and reduce to the sim- 
ple constituent elements, as animal or vegetable bodies ; 
to cause to rot. 2. To corrupt ; to make foul ; [Z. m.] 3. 
To make morbid, carious or gangrenous. 

Pu'TRE-FY, V. i. To dissolve and return to the original 
distinct elements ; to rot. 

PU-TRES'CENCE, n. [L. putrescens.] The state of dissolv- 
ing, as an animal or vegetable substance ; a putrid state. 

PU-TRES'CENT, a. 1. Becoming putrid ; passing from an 
organized state into the constituejit elements. 2. Pertain- 
ing to the process of putrefaction. 

PU-TRES^Cl-BLE, a. That may be putrefied; liable to be- 
come putrid. Ramsay, Hist. 

PU'TRID, a, [Fr. put ride E. putridus.'] 1. In a state of 
dissolution or disorganization, as animal and vegetable 
bodies; corrupt; rotten. 2. Indicating a state of dissolu- 
tion ; tending to disorganize the substances composing the 
body ; malignant. 3. Proceeding from putrefaction or 
pertaining to it. 

PU'TRID-NESl?, or PU-TRID'I-TY, 71 . The state of being 
putrid ; corruption. Floyer. 

PU-TRI-FI-€a TION, n. State of becoming rotten. 

jPU'TRY, a. Rotten. Marston. 

PUT'TER, 77. One who puts or places. L^Estrange. 

PUT'TER-ON, 77. An inciter or instigator. Shak. 

PUT'TING, ppr. [from puU] Setting; placing; laying. 

PUT'TING-STONE, n. In Scotland, a stone laid at the 
gates of great houses for trials of strength. Pope. 

PUT^TOG, 77. A kite. Spenser. 

PUT'TOU’-SHROUDS, 77 . Probably a mistake for futtoc- 
shrouds. 

PU'P'TY, 77. [Sp., Port, potea.] 1. A kind of paste or cem- 
ent compounded of whiting and lintseed oil, beaten or 
kneaded to the consistence of dough, used in fastening 
glass in sashes and in stopping crevices. 2. A powder of 
calcined tin, used in polishing glass and steel. 

PUY. See Poy. 

PUY'-BALD. See Pie-bald. 

PUZ'ZLE, V. t. 1. To perplex ; to embarrass ; to put to a 
stand ; to gravel. 2. To make intricate ; to entangle. 

PUZ'ZLE, V. i. To be bewildered; to be awkward. 

PUZ'ZLE, 77. Perplexity ; embarrassment. Bacon. 

PUZ'ZLED, /ip. Perplexed ; intricate; put to a stand. 

PUZ'ZLE-HEAD-ED, a. Having the head full of confused 
notions. Johnson. 

PUZ'ZLER, 77. One that perplexes. 

PUZ'ZLTNG, jrpr. Perplexing ; embarrassing ; bewildering. 

PUZ'ZO-LAA% ) 77. A loose, porous, volcanic substance 

PUZ-ZO-La'NA, I or stone. 

PYG'NITE, 77. [qu. Gr. ao/o'oj.] A mineral. 

PYG'NO-STyLE, 77. [Gr. nvKvoq and otvAo?.] In ancient 
architecture, a building where the columns stand very 
close to each otlier. 

PyE, 77. A confused mass ; the state of printing types when 
the sorts are mixed. 

PY'E, 77. A bird. See Pie. 

PY'GARG, )n. [Gr. nvyapyog.] A fowl of the genus 

PY-GAR'GUS, i falro. 

*PYG'ME-AN, a. Pertaining to a pigmy or dw’arf; very 
small ; dwarfish. Milton. 

PYG'MY, 77. [Fr. pygmee^ It. pigmeo ; L. pygmwus.] A 
dwairf ; a person not exceeding a cubit in height. 

PYG'MY, V. t. To dw'arf; to make little. A. Wood. 


*Sce Synopsis. Z, E, I, O, V, Y, long.— TAP, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 


I Obsolete. 


QUA 


659 


QUA 


PYL'A-GORE, n. [Gr. rrvXawoaf.] In ancient Orecce, a 
delegate or representative of a city, sent to the Amphic- 
tyonic council. 

PY-LOR'I€, a. Pertaining to the pylorus. 

PY-Lo'RUS, n. [Gr. rruXwpoj.] The lower and right orifice 
of the stomach. Coze. 

PY'OT. See Piet. 

PYR'A-GANTH, n. [Gr. nvpuKavOa.] A plant. 

PY-RAL'LO-LITE, n. [Gr. nvp, aXXof and Xt0oj.] A min- 
eral found in Finland. 

PYR'A-MID, 71. [Fr. pyramide ; It. piramide ; L. pyramis.] 
A solid body standing on a triangular, square or polygonal 
base, and terminating in a point at the top ; or, in geome- 
try^ a soWd figure consisting of several triangles, whose 
bases are all in the same plane, and which have one com- 
mon vertex. 

PY-RAM'I-DAL, a. [Fr. ptjramidale.'] Pyramidical. 

PYR-A-MID'I^AL j ^^^ving the form of a pyramid. 

PYR-A-MID'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the form of a pyramid. 

PY-RAM'I-DOID, or PYR'A-MOID, a. [pyramid^ and Gr. 

A solid figure, formed by the rotation of a semi- 
parabola about its base or greatest ordinate. 

PYR'A-MIS, 71. [L.] A pyramid. Bacon. 

Pyre, n. [L. pyra.\ A funeral pile j a pile to be burnt. 

PYRTl-NITE, 71. A mineral found in the Pyrenees. 

PYR-E-TOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. Tuipcroj and Xoyoj.] A discourse 
or treatise on fevers, or the doctrine of fevers. 

PYR'GOXI, 71. A mineral, called fassaite. 

PYRT-FORM, a. [L. pyrum^ and /or/a.] Having the form 
of a pear. Gregory. 

PYR-I-Ta'CEOUS, a. Pertaining to pyrites. Lavoisier. 

*PY-RT'TES, 1 71. [Gr. /ruptri??, from nop, fire.] Fire-stone; 

PYR'ITE, i a genus of inflammable substances com- 
posed of sulphur and iron or other metal ; a sulphuret of 
iron or other metal. 

PY-RIT'I€, PY-RITa-€AL, or PYRT-TOUS, a. Pertain- 
ing to pyrites ; consisting of or resembling pyrites. 

PYR-I-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [pyrites^ and L. /ero, to produce.] 
Containing or producing pyrites. 

PYR'I-TIZE, V. t. To convert into pyrites. Ed. Encyc. 

PYR-I-TOL'O-GY, n. [pyrites^ and Gr. Xoyoj.] A discourse 
or treatise on pyrites. Fourcroy. 

PYR'O-GOM, 71. A variety of diopside. Ure. 

PY-ROL'A-TRY, n. [Gr. nvp and Xarpeca.] The worship 
of fire. Young. 

PY-RO-LIG'NE-OUS, PY-RO-LIG'NIC, or PY-RO-LIG'- 
NOUS, a. [Gr. nup, and L. Zi^Ticws.] Generated or procur- 
ed by the distillation of wood. 

PY-RO-LIG'NITE, n. A salt formed by the combination of 
pyroligneous acid with another substance. 

PY-RO-LITH'I€, a. [Gr. /rup and Xi0o?.] The pyrolithic 
acid is obtained from the silvery white plates which sub- 
lime from uric acid concretions, when distilled in a retort. 

PY-ROL'O-GIST, 71. A believer in the doctrine of latent 
heat. Black. 

PY-R0L'0-6Y, 71. [Gr. nvp and Xoyo?.] A treatise on heat ; 
or the natural history of heat, latent and sensible. 

PY-ROM'A-LATE, 71. A compound of malic acid and a 
salifiable base. Ure. 

PY-RO-Ma'LIC, a. [Gr. Trap, and L. 71? aZaw.] The p7/ro7na- 
lic acid is a substance obtained by distillation from the 
malic acid. 

* PY'RO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. nvp and pavreia.] Divination 
by fire. Encyc. 


II 


PYR-O-MAN'TIC, a. Pertaining to pyromancy. 

PYR-0-MAN'TI€, 71. One who pretends to divine by fire. 

PY-ROXPE-TER, n. [Gr. nvp and perpov.] 1. An instru- 
ment for measuring the expansion of bodies by heat. 2. 
An instrument for measuring degrees of heat above those 
indicated by the mercurial thermometer. 

PY-RO-MuCITE, 71. A combination of pyromucous acid 
with another substance. 

PY-RO-Mu'GOUS, a. [Gr. nvp, and L. mucus.] The pyro- 
mucous acid is obtained by the distillation of sugar. 

PYR^OPE, n [Gr. Tuiponroj.] A mineral. 

PYR'O-PIIANE, 71. [Gr. nvp and ^avog.] A mineral. 

PY-ROPH'A-NOUS, a. Rendered transparent by heat. 

PY-ROPIPO-ROUS, a. Pertaining to pyrophorus. 

PY-ROPH'O-RUS, 71. [Gr. nvp and (pcopog.] A substance 
which takes fire on exposure to air, or which maintains 
or retains light. 

PY^-RO-PHYS'A-LITE. See Topaz and Physalite. 

PY-ROR'THITE, n. A mineral resembling orthite. 

PYR'O-SGOPE, 72. [Gr. nvp and aKoneco.] An instrument 
for measuring the pulsatory motion of the air, or the in- 
tensity of heat radiating from a fire. 

PY-ROS'MA-LITE, 7i. A mineral of a liver-brown color. 

PYR-O-TAR'TA-RIC, ) a. [Gr. nvp, and tartar.] Denot- 

PYR-O-TAR'TA-ROUS, ) ing an acid obtained by distil- 
ling pure tartrite of potash. 

PYR-O-TaR^TRITE, 72. A salt formed by the combination 
of pyrotartarous acid with another substance. 

PYR-0-TEGH'NI€, ) a. [Gr. nvp and Teyvy.] Pertain- 

PYR-O-TECIPNI-CAL, I ing to fire-works or the art of 
forming them. 

PYR-0-TE€H'NI€S, or PYR'0-TE€H-NY, 72 . The art 
of making fire-works ; or the science which teaches the 
management and application of fire in its various opera- 
tions, in gunnery, rockets, &c. 

PYR-0-TE€H'NIST, 72. One skilled in pyrotechny. 

PY-ROT'IC, a. [Gr. nvpocj.] Caustic. See Caustic. 

PY-ROT'IC, 72. A caustic medicine. 

PYR'OX-ENE, 72. [Gr. Trap and l^epoj.] Augite; a species 
of minerals of the class of stones. 

PYR-OX-EN'IC, a. Pertaining to pyroxene, or partaking of 
its qualities. Humboldt. 

PYR'RHIC, 72. [1j. pyrrhichius.] 1. In poetry, a foot consist- 
ing of two short syllables. 2. An ancient military dance. 

PYR'RHIN, 72. [Gr. rrupivof.] A vegeto-animal substance. 

PYR-RHON'IC, a. Pertaining to Pyrrhonism. 

PYR'RHO-NISM, 72. [from Pyrrho, the founder of the scep- 
tics.] Scepticism ; universal doubt. 

PYR'RHO-NIST, 72. A sceptic; one who doubts of every 
thing. 

PYTH-A-Go'RE-AN, 72. A follower of Pythagoras, the 
founder of the Italic sect of philosophers. 

PYTH- A-P P- A TV Y 

PY'pjfj. '^-GOR'IC ^ (Cl. Belonging to the philosophy of 

PYTH-A-GOR/IrCAL, ) Pythagoras. 

PY-THAG'O-RISM, 72. The doctrines of Pythagoras. 

PYTH'I-AN, a. [from Pythia.] Pertaining to the priestess 
of Apollo, who delivered oracles. 

PY'THO-NESS, 72. [from L. Pytho.] A sort of witch ; also, 
the female or priestess who gave oracular answers at Del- 
phi, in Greece. 

PY-THON'IC, a. Pretending to foretell future events. 

PYTH'O-NIST, 72. A conjurer. 

PYX, 72. [L. pyxis Gr. ttv^i?.] The box in which the Cath- 
olics keep the host. Cranmer. 


Q. 


a is the seventeenth letter of the English Alphabet ; an 
articulation borrowed from the oriental koph or (joph. 
It is supposed to be an articulation more deeply guttural 
than that of K ; indeed it might have been pronounced 
as we pronounce qu ; for we observe that, in the Latin 
language, from which the moderns have borrowed the 
letter, it is always followed by u, as it is in English, d 
never ends an English word. Its name, cue, is said to be 
from the French queue, a tail. _ 

As a numeral, Q, stands for 500, and, with a dash, Q,, for 
500,000. 

Among mathematicians. Cl. E. D. stands for quod erat de- 
monstrandum, which was to be demonstrated. 

In English, Cl. is an abbreviation for questiori. 
dUAB, 72 . [G. quappe ; D. k?vab ; Dan. qvabbe.] A fish of 
Russian rwers, which delights in clear water. 
dUA-CHIL'TO, 72. A Brazilian fowl of the moor hen kind. 
dUACK, 71. 2 . [D. kwaaken ; G. quaken ; Dan. qvakker.] 


1. To cry like a duck or goose. King. 2. To boast; to 
bounce ; to talk noisily and ostentatiously. 
dUACK, 72. 1. A boaster ; one who pretends to skill or 
knowledge which he does not possess. 2. A boastful 
pretender to medical skill which he does not possess ; an 
empiric ; an ignorant practitioner. 
dUACK'ER-Y, 72. The boastful pretensions or mean prac- 
tice of an ignoramus, particularly in medicine; e npiri- 
cism. 

dUACKTSH, a: Like a quack; boasting of skill net pos- 
sessed ; trickish. Burke. 

dUACK'ISM, 72. The practice of quackery. Ash. 
dUA€'KLE, V. i. To almost choke ; to suffocate. 
dUAG'KLED, or dUAGK'ENED, a. Almost choked or 
suffocated. 

dUA€K'SALV-ER, 72. TSw. qvacksalfvare.] One who 
boasts of his skill in meuicines and salves ; a chaiiatan. 
f dUAD, a. [D. kwaad.] Evil; bad. Gower. 


*See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


QUA 6C0 QUA 


ClUAD'R A-6ENE, n. [L. quadrageniS\ A papal indulgence 
multiplying remissions by forties. Taylor. 

Q.UAD-R A-GES'I-MA, n. [L. quadrafresiums.^ Lent j so 
called because it consists of forty days. Encyc. 

Q.UAD-RA-OES'1-MAL, a. Belonging to Lentj used in 
Lent. Sanderson. 

Q,UAD-RA-CjES'I-MALS, 71. plu. Offerings formerly made 
to the mother church on mid-lent Sunday. 

Q.UAD'RArsi-GLE, n. [L. qiiadratus and angulus.] In ge- 
ometry^ a quadrilateral figure ; a square j a figure consist- 
ing of four sides and four angles. 

UUAD-RAX'GU-LAR, a. 1. Square ; having four sides and 
four angles. — 2. Iwhotany^ having four prominent angles. 

Q-UAD'RANT, n. [L. quadrans.'\ 1. The fourth part; the 
quarter. — 2. In geometry^ the quarter of a circle ; the arc 
of a circle containing ninety degrees ; also, the space or 
area included between this arc and two radii drawn from 
the centre to each extremity. 3. An instrument for taking 
the altitudes of the sun or stars, of great use in astronomy 
and navigation. 

QUAD-RANT'AL, a. Pertaining to a quadrant; also, in- 
cluded in the fourth part of a circle. Derham. 

Q.UAD-RANT'AL, n. A vessel used by the Romans ; orig- 
inally called amphora. It was square, and contained 80 
pounds of water. 

Q,UAD'RAT, 77. \1j. quadratus.'] 1. In printing, a piece of 
metal used to fill the void spaces between words, &,c. 2. 
A mathematical instrument. 

Q.UAD'RATE, a. 1. Square ; having four equal and paral- 
lel sides. 2. Divisible into four equal parts. 3. Square ; 
equal ; exact. 4. Suited ; fitted ; applicable ; corre- 
spondent. 

dUAD'RATE, 71. 1. A square ; a surface with four equal 
and parallel sides. Milton. — 2. In astrology, an aspect of 
the heavenly bodies, in which they are distant from each 
other ninety degrees ; the same as quartile. 

QUAD'RATE, V. i. [L. quadro ; Fr. quadrer.] To suit ; to 
correspond ; to agree with ; to be accommodated. 

QUAD-RAT'I€, a. Square ; denoting a square, or pertain- 
ing to it. — Quadratic equation, in cdgebra, an equation in 
which the unknown quantity is of two dimensions, or 
raised to the second power. 

ClUAD'RA-TRIX, n. 1. A square or squared figure. — 2. In 
geometry, a mechanical line, by means of which we can 
find right lines equal to the circumference of circles. 

ClUAD'RA-TURE, n. [L. quadratura.'] 1. The act of squar- 
ing ; the reducing of a figure to a square. 2. A quadrate ; 
a square. — 3. In astronomy, the aspect of the moon when 
distant from the sun 90 degrees. — Quadrature of curves, 
in mathematics , the finding of rectilineal figures contain- 
ing the same areas as figures bounded by curved lines. 
D. Olmsted. 

QUAD'REL, 71. [It. quadrello.l In architecture, a kind of 
artificial stone made of chalky earth and dried in the 
shade for two years ; so called from being square. 

Q,UAD-REN/NI-AL, a. [L. quadrieiuiium.] 1. Comprising 
four years. 2. Occurring once in four years. 

Q,UAD-REN'NI-AL-LY, adv. Once in four years. 

ClUAD'Rl-BLE, a. [L. quadro.] That may be squared. 

Q,UAD-RI-CAP'SU-LAR, a. [L. quadra and capsula.] In 
botany, having four capsules to a flower. Martyn. 

Q.UAD-RI-DECT-MAL, a. [L. quadraand decern.] In crys- 
talography, designating a crystal whose prism, or the 
middle part, has four faces and two summits, containing 
together ten faces. 

Q,UAD-RI-DEN'TATE, a. [L. quadra and dentatus.] In 
botany, having four teeth on the edge. Martyn. 

Q,UAD-RI-EN'J\T-AL. The same as quadrennial. 

Q,UAD'RI-FID, a. [L. quadrifidus.] In botany, four-cleft, 
as a quadrifid perianth. 

Q,UAD-RI-Ju'GOUS, a. \1j. quadra and. jugum.] Inbotany, 
pinnate, with four pairs of leaflets. 

Q,UAD-RI-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. quadra, or quatuor, and la- 
ta.'?.] Having four sides and four angles. 

Q,UAD-RI-LAT'ER-AL, tj. A figure having four sides and 
four angles ; a quadrangular figure. Encyc. 

OUAD-RI-LAT'ER-AL-NESS, n. The property of having 
four right-lined sides, forming as many right angles. 

CtUAD-RI-LlT'ER- AL, a. [L. quadra, or quatuor, and lit- 
era.] Consisting of four letters. Parkhurst. 

Q,UA-blllLLE', (qua-driP, or ka-driP) n. [Fr.] 1. A game 
played by four persons with 40 cards. 2. A kind of dance. 

CIUAD'RI-LO-BATE, ) «• [L. quadra, or quatuor, and lobe', 

QUAD'RI-LOBED, ) Gr. Xo/?oj.] In Z>ota7J?/, having four 
lobes. Martyn. 

Q,UAD-RI-LO€'U-LAR, a. [L. quadra, quatuor, and locu- 
lus.] Having four cells ; four-celled. Martyn. 

f QUAD'RIN, 77. [L. quadrinus.] A mite ; a small piece of 
money, in value about a farthing. Bailey. 

Q.UAD-R [-NohVll-AL, \a. [L. quadra, quatuor, and no- 

Q,UAD-RT-NOM'I-€AL, \ 7uen.] Consisting of four de-*- 
nominations or terms. Diet. 

CiUAD-RIP'AR-TITE, a. [L. quadra, quatuor, andparfiftts.] 


Divided into four parts, or consisting of four corresponding 
parts. 

Q,UAD-RIP/AR-TITE-LY, adv- In four divisions; in-a 
quadripartite distribution. 

QlJAD-RlP-AR-TP'TIOiV, n. A division by four or into 
four parts ; or the taking the fourth part of any quantity. 
QUAD-RIPIPYL-LOUS, a. [L. quadra, quatuor, and Gr. 
6v\\ov.] Having four leaves. 

Q,uAD'Rl-REME, n. [L. quadrire7nis.] A galley with four 
benches of oars or rowers. Milford. 
Q.UAD-RI-SYL'LA-BLE, n. [L. quadra, quatuor, and syl- 
lable.] A word consisting of four syllables. 
aUAD'RI-VALVE, or aUAD-RI-VALV'U-LAR, a. In 
botany, having four valves ; four-valved. Martyn. 
CiUAD'RI-V ALVES, n. plu. [L. quadra, quatuor, and vul- 
va.] A door with four folds or leaves. 

Q,UAD-RIV'I-AL, a. [L. quadrivium ; quatuor and ^•^a.] 
Having four ways meeting in a point. 

GlUAD-ROON', 77. [L. quadra, q^iatuor.] In Spanish America, 
the ofispring of a mulatto woman by a white man ; a per- 
son quarter-blooded. 

Q,UAD'RU-MAN, n. [L. quadra and 777777777.9.] An ajiimal 
having four hands or limbs that correspond to the Iiands 
of a man, as a monkey. 

Q,UAD'RU-MA-N0US, 77. Having four hands ; four-handed. 
Q,UAD^RUNE, n. A gritstone with a calcarious cement. 
Q,UAD'RU-PED, a. [L. quadrupes.] Having four legs and 
feet. 

Q,UAD'RU-PED, 77. An animal having four legs and feet, 
as a horse, an ox, a lion, &c. 

dUAD'RU-PLE, a. [L. quadruplus.] Fourfold ; four times 
told. 

Q,UAD'RU-PLE, n. Four times the sum or number. 
Q.UAD-Ru'PLI-CATE, a. Fourfold ; four times repeated. 
dUAD-RuTLI-CATE, v. t. [L. quadruplico .] To make 
fourfold ; to double twice. 

Q.UAD-RU-PLI-Ca'TION, 77. The act of making fourfold 
and taking four times the simple sum or amount. 
Q,UAD'RU-PLY, adv. To a fourfold quantity. Swift. 
dU^'RE. [L.] Inquire ; better written query, which see. 
ClUAilST'OR. See Q,uestor. 

dUAFF, V. t. [Fr. coiffer.] To drink ; to swallow in large 
draughts. 

dUAFF, V. i. To drink largely or luxuriously. South. 
dUAFFED, pp. Drank ; swallowed in large draughts. 
dUAFF'ER, 77. One that quaffs or drinks largely. 
fdUAFF'ER, V. t. To feel out. Derham. 
dUAFFTNG, ppr. Drinking ; swallowing draughts. 
dUAG^GY, a. Yielding to the feet or trembling under the 
foot, as soft, wet earth. 

dUAG^MIRE, 77. [that is, quake-mire.] Soft, wet land, 
which has a surface firm enough to bear a person, but 
which shakes or yields under the feet. More. 
dUA'HAUG, (quaw'hog) n. In J\Te7D England, the popular 
name of a large species of clams or bivalvular shells. 
fdUAID, a. or pp. Crushed, subdued, or depressed. 
dUAIL, V. i. [Sax. cwellan ; W. cwl.] 1. To sink into de- 
jection ; to languish ; to fail in spirits ; [L 77. J Shak. 2. 
To fade ; to wither ; [7765.] 

dUAIL, v.i. [Fr. cailler It. quagUare.] To curdle; to 
coagulate ; as milk. Bailey. 

fdUAIL, 77. t. [Sax. cwellan.] To crush; to depress; to 
sink ; to subdue. [Now written quell.] Spenser. 
dUAIL, 77. [It. qua glia ; Fr. caille ; Arm. coaill.] A bird 
of the genus tetrao or grous kind, 
t dUAIL'ING, ppr. Failing ; languishing, 
t dUAIL'ING, 77. The act of failing in spirit or resolution ; 
decay. 

dUAIL'- P ipe, 77. A pipe or call for alluring quails into a 
net ; a kind of leathern purse in the shape of a pear, partly 
filled with horse hair, with a whistle at the end. 
dUAlNT, a. [Old Fr. C77 7 77t ,* Arm. C77e77t, c777Z77f.] 1. Nice; 
scrupulously and superfluously exact ; having petty ele- 
gance. 2. Subtle; artful; [7;&5.] 3. Fine-spun; artfully 
framed. Shak. 4. Aflected. Swift. — 5. In common use, 
odd ; fanciful ; singular ; and so used by Chaucer. 
dUAlNT'LY, adv. 1. Nicely ; exactly ; with petty neat- 
ness or spruceness. 2. Artfully. 3. Ingeniously ; with 
dexterity. 

dUAINT'NESS, 77. 1. Niceness; petty neatness or ele- 
gance. 2. Oddness ; peculiarity. 
dUAKE, v.i. [Sax. cwacian G. quackeln.] 1. To shake ; 
to tremble ; to be agitated with quick but short motions 
continually repeated ; to shudder. 2. To shake with vi- 
olent convulsions, as well as with trembling. 3. To 
shake, tremble or move, as the earth under the feet. Pope. 
fdUAKE, V. t. To frighten ; to throw into agitation. Shak. 
dUAKE, 77. A shake ; a trembling ; a shudder ; a tremu 
Ions agitation. Suckling. 

dUAK'ER, 77. One that quakes ; but usually, one of the re- 
ligious sect called Friends. 

dUAK'ER-IfSiM, 77. The peculiar manners, tenets or wor 
ship of the duakers. Milner. 
dUAK'ER-LY, a. Resembling duakers. Goodman. 


* 


See Synopsis. A, K, T, O, C, Y, long. — FAR, F.VLL, WHAT ; — PR£Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BiRD ; — j Obsolete. 


QUA 


661 


QUA 


CIUaK'EII-Y, n. Quakerism. 

QUaK'ING, Shaking ; trembling. 

QUAKING, n. A shaking 5 tremulous agitation ; trepida- 
tion. Da7i. X. 

QUAK'ING-GRASS, n. An herb. Ainswor th. 

QUAL'I-Fi-A-BLE, a. That may be qualified 5 that may 
be abated or modified. Barrow. 

QUAL-I-PT-€a'TION, n. [Fr.] 1. Any natural endow- 
ment or any acquirement which fits a person for a place, 
office or employment, or enables him to sustain any char- 
acter with success. 2. Legal power or requisite. 3. 
Abatement 5 diminution. 4. Modification j restriction j 
limitation. 

QUAL'I-FIED, pp. Fitted by accomplishments or endow- 
ments ; modified. 

QUALT-Fi-ED-NESS, n. The state of being qualified or 
fitted. 

QUALT-Fi-ER, n. He or that which qualifies ; that which 
modifies, reduces, tempers or restrains. Junius. 

QUALT-F5", V. t. [Fr. qualifier ; It. qtiaUficare.] 1. To fit 
for any place, office, occupation or character ; to furnish 
with the knowledge, skill or other accomplishment neces- 
sary for a purpose. 2. To make capable of any employ- 
ment or privilege 5 to furnish with legal power or capaci- 
ty. 3. To abate ; to soften ; to diminish. 4. To ease ; 
to assuage. 5. To modify ; to restrain ; to limit by ex- 
ceptions. 6. To modify ; to regulate 5 to vary. 

QUALT-FY-ING, ppr. Furnishing with the necessary qual- 
ities, properties or accomplishments for a place, station or 
business ; furnishing with legal power ; abating ; temper- 
ing ; modifying 5 restraining. 

QUAL'I-TY, 'll. [L. qualitas •, Fr. qualite.] 1. Property; 
that which belongs to a body or substance, or can be predi- 
cated of it. 2. Nature, relatively considered. 3. Virtue 
or particular power of producing certain effects. 4. Dis- 
position ; temper. 5. Virtue or vice. 6. Acquirement ; 
accomplishment. 7. Character. 8. Comparative rank ; 
condition in relation to others. 9. Superior rank ; supe- 
riority of birth or station ; as persons of quality. 10. Per- 
sons of high rank, collectively. 

* QUALM, (quain) n. [D. kwaal ; G. qualm; D. kwalm.^ L 
A rising in the stomach, as it is commonly called ; a fi^t of 
nausea, or a disposition or effort of the stomach to eject 
its contents. 2. A sudden fit or seizure of sickness at the 
stomach ; a sensation of nausea. 3. A scruple of con- 
science, or uneasiness of conscience. 

*QUALMTSH, (qiiamfish) a. Sick at the stomach ; inclined 
to vomit ; affected with nausea or sickly languor. 

*QUaLMTSH-NESS, «. Nausea. 

QUAM'O-CLIT, n. A plant of the genus ipomoea. 

* QUAN'DA-RY, n. Doubt ; uncertainty ; a state of diffi- 
culty or perplexity. [A low word.] 

f QUAN'DA-RY, v. t. To bring into a state of uncertainty 
or difficulty. Otway. 

QUAN'TI-TA-TiVE, a. Estimable according to quantity. 
Taylor. 

QUAN'TI-TiVE, a. Estimable according to quantity. 
Diglnj. 

QUAN'TI-TY, n. [Fr. quantitc ; It. quantitd; L. quantitas.] 

1. That property of any thing which may be increased or 
diminished. Johnson. 2. An indefinite extent of space. 
3. A portion or part ; [0&5.] Shak. 4. A large portion. — 
5. In mathematics^ any thing which can be multiplied, 
divided or measured. Day. — G. In grammar^ the measure 
of a syllable ; that which determines the time in which it 
is pronounced. — 7. In logic^ a category, universal, or pre- 
dicament ; a general conception. — 8. In musicj the rela- 
tive duration of a note or syllable. 

QUAN'TUM, n. [L.] The quantity ; the amount. 

f QUAR'AN-TAIN. See Quarantine. 

* QUAR'AN-T'iNE, n. [It. quarantina ; Sp. quarentena ; 
Fr. quarantaine.] 1. Proper/?/, the space of forty days ; 
appropriately, the term of forty days, during which a ship 
arriving in port and suspected of being infected with a 
mnlignant, contagious disease, is obliged to forbear all in- 
tercourse with the city or place. 2. Restraint of inter- 
course to which a ship is subjected on the presumption 
tliat slie may be infected, either for forty days or for any 
other limited term. — 3. In law, the period of forty days, 
during which the widow of a man dying seized of land, 
has the privilege of remaining in the mansion-house. 

QUAR-AN-TiNE', v. t. To proliibit from intercourse with 
a city or its inhabitants ; to compel to remain at a distance 
from shore for forty days, or for other limited period, on 
account of real or supposed infection ; applied to ships, or 
to persons and goods. 

QUAR-AN-T‘iN'ED, (quor-an-teend') pp. Restrained from 
communication with the shore for a limited period ; as a 
ship or its crew and passengers. 

QUAR-AN-TiNTNG, ppr. Prohibiting from intercourse 
with the port ; as a ship, or its crew and passengers. 

t QUAR'RE, for quarry. 

QUAR'REL, n. [W. cweryl ; Fr. querelle ; L., It. querela ; 
Sp. querella.] 1. A brawl ; a petty fight or scuffle ; from 


its noise and uproar. 2. A dispute ; a contest. 3. A 
breach of friendship or concord ; open variance between 
parties. 4. Cause of dispute. 5. Something that gives a 
right to mischief, reprisal or action ; [obs.] G. Objection ; 
ill will, or reason to complain ; ground of objection or 
dispute. 7. Something peevish, malicious, or disposed to 
make trouble ; [obs.] 

QUAR'REL, ?j. [W. f ?ca?*e/.] 1. An arrow with a square 
head ; [not used, unless in poetry .] 2. A pane of glass ; a 
square. 

QUAR'REL, -y. ». [Fr. quer ell er.] 1 . To dispute violently 
or with loud and angry words ; to wrangle ; to scold. 2. 
To fight ; to scuffle ; to contend ; to squabble ; used of 
tico persons or of a small number. 3. To fall into vari- 
ance. 4. To find fault ; to cavil. 5. To disagree ; to be 
at variance ; not to be in accordance in form or essence. 

QUAR'REL, v.t. 1. To quarrel with. B. Jonson. 2. To 
compel by a quarrel. 

QUAR'REL-ER, n. One who quarrels, wrangles or fights. 

QUAR'REL-ING, ppr. Disputing with vehemence or loud 
angry words ; scolding ; wrangling ; fighting ; finding 
fault ; disagreeing. 

QUAR'REL-ING, n. Contention ; dispute in angry words ; 
breach of concord ; a caviling or finding fault ; disagree- 
ment. 

QUAR'REL-OUS, a. Apt or disposed to quarrel ; petulant ; 
easily provoked to enmity or contention. [Little used.] 

QUAR'REL-SoME, a. Apt to quarrel ; given to brawls 
and contention ; inclined to petty fighting ; easily irri- 
tated or provoked to contest ; irascible ; choleric ; jietulant. 

QUAR'REL-S6ME-LY, adv. In a quarrelsome manner ; 
with a quarrelsome temper ; petulantly. Hall. 

QUAR'REL-SoME-NESS, n. Disposition to engage in con- 
tention and brawls ; petulance. 

QUAR'RIED, pp. Dug from a pit or cavern. 

QUAR'RY, n. [Fr. carre, for quarre.] 1. A square ; [o/>5.] 
2. An arrow with a square head ; [obs.] — 3. In falconry, 
the game which a hawk is pursuing or has killed. — 4. 
Among hunters, a part of the entrails of the beast taken, 
given to the hounds. 

QUAR'RY, 71. [Fr. carriers ,* Norm, quarrier.] 1. A place, 
cavern or pit where stones are dug from the earth, or sep- 
arated from a large mass of rocks. — 2. In Paris, the quar- 
ries are a vast cavern under the city, several miles in 
extent. 

QUAR'RY, V. i. To prey upon, as a vulture or harpy. [A 
low word and not much ?i.9erf.] Estrange. 

QUAR'RY, V. t. To dig or take from a quarry. 

QUAR'RY-ING, ppr. Digging stones from a quarry. 

QUAR'RY-MAN, n. A man who is occupied in quarrying 
stones. 

QUART, (quort) n. [It. quarta ; Fr. quarts ; L. quartos.] 

1. The fourth part ; a quarter; [o/»5.] 2. The fourth part 

of a gallon ; two pints. 3. A vessel containing the fourth 
of a gallon. 4. A sequence of four cards in the game of 
piquet. 

QUART'AN, (quort'an) a. [F.quartanus.] Designating the 
fourth ; occurring every fourth day. 

QUART'AN, 71. 1. An intermitting ague that occurs every 
fourth day, or with intermissions of seventy-two hours. 

2. A measure containing the fourth part of some other 
measure^ 

QUAR-Ta'TION, n. In chemistry and metallurgy , the op- 
eration by which the quantity of one thing is made equal 
to the fourth part of another thing. 

QUART'ER, (quort'er) n. [Fr. quart, quartier ; It. quar- 
tiere ; Sp. quartel ; D. kwartier ; G. quartier ; L. quartos.] 
]. The fourth part. — 2. In weight, the fourth part of a 
hundred pounds avoirdupois, or of 112 lb., that is, 281b. — 

3. In dry measure, the fourth of a ton in weight, or eight 
bushels. — 4. In astronomy, the fourth part of the moon’s 
period or monthly revolution. 5. A region in the hemi- 
sphere or great circle ; primarily, one of the four cardinal 
points. 6. A particular region of a town, city or country. 
— 7. Usually in the plural, quarters, the place of lodging 
or temporary residence ; appropriately , the place where 
officers and soldiers lodge. 8. Proper station. — 9. On 
board of ships, quarters signifies the stations or places 
where the officers and men are posted in action. — 10. In 
military affairs, the remission or sparing of the life of a 
captive or an enemy when in one’s power ; mercy granted 
by a conqueror to his enemy, when no longer able to de- 
fend himself. 11. Treatment shown to an enemy ; indul- 
gence ; [rarely used.] 12. Friendship ; amity ; concord; 
[o/»5.] — 13. In the slaughter house, one limb of a quadru- 
ped with the adjoining parts ; or one fourth part of the 
carcass of a quadruped, including a limb. — '14. In the 
menage, the quarters of a horse’s foot are the sides of the 
coffin” between the toe and the heel.— 15. In a siege, 
quarters are the encampment on one of the principal pas- 
sages round the place besieged, to prevent relief and in- 
tercept convoys. — 16. In seminaries of learning, a fourth 
part of the year, or three months.— 17. The quarter of a 
ship is the part of a ship’s side which lies towards the 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; ClI as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


QUA 


GG2 


stern, or the part between the aftmost end of the main- 
cJmins and tlie sides of the stern, where it is terminated 
by the quarter-pieces. — 18. In heraldry^ one of the parts or 
membeiB of the tirst division of a coat that is divided into 
four parts. 

Q,UAUT'ER, V. t. 1. To divide into four equal parts. 2. 
To divide ; to separate into parts. 3. To divide into dis- 
tinct regions or compartments. 4. To station soldiers for 
lodging. 5. To lodge ; to fix on a temporary dwelling. 
6. To diet ; [065.] 7. To bear as an appendage to the 
hereditary arms. 

Q.UART'EK, v. i. To lodge 5 to have a temporary resi- 
dence. 

Q.Ux\RT'ER-A6 E, n. A quarterly allowance. Hudibras. 

Q.UArT'ER-DaY, n. The day that completes three months, 
the quarter of a year ; the day when quarterly payments 
are made of rent or interest. 

QUART'ERED, yp. Divided into four equal parts or quart- 
ers ; separated into distinct parts 5 lodged j stationed for 
lodging. 

Q,UART'ER-ING, ppr. Dividing into quarters or into dis- 
tinct parts ; stationing for lodgings. 

QUART'ER-ING, n. 1. A station. Mountapi. 2. Assign- 
ment of quarters for soldiers. 3. The division of a shield 
containing many coats. 

ClUART'ER-LY, a. 1. Containing or consisting of a fourth 
part. 2. Recurring at the end of each quarter of the year. 

ClUART'ER-LY, ado. Once in a quarter of a year. 

OUArT'ERN, n. The fourth part of a pint ; a gill. 

OUAR-TETT', n. [It. quartetto.^ 1. In music, a composi- 
tion for four periormers. — 2. In poetry, a stanza of four 
lines. 

Q,UART'ILE, 71. An aspect of the planets, when they are 
distant from each other a quarter of the circle, ninety de- 
grees, or three signs. 

OUART/Q, 71. [L. qiiartus.] A book of the size of the 
fourth of a sheet j a size made by twice folding a sheet, 
which then makes four leaves. 

dUART'O, a. Denoting the size of a book, in which a 
sheet makes four leaves. 

QUARTZ, (quortz) n. [G. quartz.] A species of silicious 
minerals, of various colors. 

QUARTZ' Y, a. Pertaining to quartz ; partaking of the na- 
ture or qualities of quartz ; resembling quartz. [Q,uartzy 
is the regular adjective, and quartzose and quartzous may 
be dispensed with.] 

QUAS, 71. In R ussia, a drink of common domestic use. 

QUASH, 71. t. [Sax. cwysan ; D. kwetsen ; G. quetschen ; 
Fr. casser ; It. squassare : L. 9740550.] 1. Properly, to heat 
down or beat in pieces ; to crush. 2. To crush 5 to sub- 
due. — 3. In late, to abate, annul, overthrow or make 
void. 

QUASH, V. i. To be shaken with a noise. Sharp. 

QUASH, 77. A species of cucurbita ; but in ./Siomco, pro- 
nounced squash ; so called, probably, from its softness. 

QUASH'ED, pp. Crushed ; subdued ; abated. 

QUASH'ING, ppr. Crushing ; subduing ; abating. 

QUAS-Sa'TION, 71. [L. quassatio.] The act of shaking ; 
concussion ; the state of being shaken. Oayion. 

QUAS'SIA, 77. A plant, or rather a genus of plants. 

f QUAT, 77. A pustule or pimple. Shak. 

QUA'TER-CoUS'INS, (ka'ter-kuz'nz) n. \1 j. qvatuor, audi 
cousin.] Those within the first four degrees of kindred. 
Skinner. 

QUAT'ERN, a. [L. qtiaterni.] Consisting of four ; fourfold j 
growing by fours. Martyn. 

QUA-TERN'A-RY, n. [L. quaternarius .] The number 
four. 

QUA-TERN'A-RY, a. Consisting of four. Gregory , 

QUA-TERN'I-ON, n. [L. qxiaternio.] 1. The number four. 
2. A file of four soldiers. Jlcts xii. 

QUA-TERN'I-ON, v. t. To divide into files or companies. 

QUA-TERN'I-TY, 77. The number four. Brown. 

QUATRAIN, 77. [Fr.] A stanza of four lines rhyming al- 
ternately. Dryden. 

f QUAVE, for quaver. 

f QUaVE'MTRE, for quagmire. 

QUa'VER, v.i. {W.cwihiaw; Sp. quiehro.] 1. To shake 
the voice ; to utter or form sound with rapid vibrations, 
as in singing ; to sing with tremulous modulations of 
voice. 2. To tremble ; to vibrate. 

QUA' VER, 77. 1. A shake or rapid vibration of the voice, or 
a shake on an instrument of music. 2. A note and meas- 
ure of time, in music, equal to lialf a crotchet or the eighth 
of a semibreve. 

QUA'VERED, a. or pp. Distributed into quavers. 

QUA'VER-ER, 77. A warbler. 

QUA'VER-ING, pjir. Shaking the voice or the sound of an 
instrument. 

QUA'VER-ING, 77. The act of shaking the voice, or of 
making rapid vibrations of sound on an instrument of 
music. 

* QUAY, (ke) 77. [Fr. quai ; D. kaai ; Arm. qae.] A key ; a 
mole or wharf, constructed in harbors for securing ves- 


QUE 

sels and receiving goods unladen or to be shipped on 
board. 

* QUAY, V. t. To furnish with quays. J. Barlow. 

I QUeACH, 77. A thick bushy plot. Chapman. 

f QUeACH, V. i. To stir ; to move. See Quick. 

QUeACH'Y, a. 1. Shaking ; moving, yielding or trembling 
under the feet, as moist or boggy ground. 2. Thick ; 
bujhy ; [065.] 

QUeAN, 77 . [Sax. C 7717 C 77 , or C 7 CC 77 .] A worthless woman; 
a ^lut ; a strumpet. Swift. 

QUeAS'I-NESS, 77. Nausea; qualmishness; inclination to 
vojnit. 

QUeAS'Y, a. 1. Sick at the stomach ; affected with nau- 
sea ; inclined to vomit. 2. Fastidious ; squeamish ; deli- 
cate. 3. Causing nausea. 

t QUECK, V. i. [G. quackeln.] To shrink ; to flinch. 

QUEEN, 77. [Sax. ciccen, or cicen ; Goth, queins, quens ; 
Dan. qvinde ; Sw. qvinna.] 1. 3’he consort of a king ; a 
queen consort. 2. A woman who is the sovereign of a 
kingdom; a queen-regent. 3. The sovereign of a swarm 
of bees, or the female of the hive. — Q,ueen of the meadows, 
meadow-sweet, a plant. Lee. 

QUEEN, V. i. To play the queen ; to act the part or char- 
acter of a queen. Shak. 

QUEEN'-AP-PLE, 77. A kind of apple, so called. 

QUEEN-DOW'A-GER, 77. The widow of a king. 

QUEEN'GoLD, 7?. A royal duty or revenue belonging 
to every queen of England during her marriage to the 
king. 

QUEEN'ING, 77. An apple. Mortimer. 

QUEEN'LTKE, a. Resembling a queen. Drayton. 

QUEEN'LY, a. Like a queen ; becoming a queen ; suita- 
ble to a queen. 

QUEER, a. [G. quer.] Odd; singular; hence, whimsical. 
Spectator. 

QUEER, or QUIeR, 77. The old form of quire, or choir, and 
pronounced queer in Yorkshire, Eng. Bale. 

QUEER'LY, ado. In an odd or singular manner. 

QUEER'NESS, n. Oddity ; singularity ; particularity. 

QUEEST, 77. A ring-dove, a species of pigeon. Todd. 

QUEINT,pref. andpp. of quench. Gower. 

QUELL, V. t. [Sax. cioellan ; Dan. qvceler.'j I. To crush ; 
to subdue ; to cause to cease. 2. To quiet ; to allay ; to 
reduce to peace. 3. To subdue ; to reduce. 

QUELL, V. i. To die ; to abate. Spenser. 

t QUELL, 77. Murder. Shak. 

QUELLED, pp. Crushed; subdued; quieted. 

QUELL'ER, 77. One that crushes or subdues. Shak. 

QUELL'ING, pp?-. Crushing ; subduing ; reducing to peace. 

QUELQUE'-CHOSE, (kek'shoze) n. [Fr.] A trifle ; a 
kickshaw. Donne. 

fQUEME, V. t. [Sax. ciceman.] To please. Spenser. 

QUENCH, V. t. [Sax. ctcencan^ I. To extinguish ; to put 
out. 2. To still; to quiet; to repress. 3. To allay or 
extinguish. 4. To destroy. 5. To check ; to stifle. 

t QUENCH, V. i. To cool ; to become cool. Shak. 

QUENCH'i\-BLE, a. That may be quenched or extin- 
guished. 

QUENCHED, pp. Extinguished ; allayed ; repressed. 

QL^ENCH'ER, n. He or that which extinguishes. 

QUENCH'ING, ppr. Extinguishing; quieting; stifling ; re- 
pressing. 

QUENCH'LESS, a. That cannot be quenched or repressed ; 
inextinguishable. Shak. 

QUER'CIT-RON, n. [L. quercus.] The bark of the yellow 
oak, used in dyeing. Bancroft. 

I QUER'ELE, 77. [L. querela Fr. qucrelle.] A complaint 
to a_court. Ayliffe. 

IQUe'RENT, 77. [L. querens.] The complainant; the 
plaintiff. 

QUe'RENT, 77. [L. quwrcns.] An inquirer. [Little 'used.] 

QUER-I-Mo'NI-OUS, a. [L. 97767*777707770.] Complaining ; 
querulous ; apt to complain. 

QUER-I-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. With complaint ; queru- 
lously. 

QUER-I-Mo^NI-OUS-NESS, 77. Disposition to complain ; a 
complaining temper. 

QUe'RIST, 77. [L. queero.] One who inquires or asks ques- 
tions. Sicift. 

QUERK. -See Quirk. 

t QUERK'ENED, a. Choked. 

QUERL, V. t. [G. qucrlen.] To twirl ; to turn or wind 
round; to coil. [This is a legitimate English word, in 
common use in JYew England.] 

QUERN, 77. [Sax. cwyrn, cweom; Goth, qvairn D. kweem ; 
Dan. qvem.] A hand-mill for grinding grain ; a mill, the 
stone of which was turned by hand, used before the in- 
vention of windmills and watermills. 

QUERP'O, 77. [Sp. cuerpo ; L. corpus ; Sp. en cverpo de ca- 
misa, half dressed.] A waistcoat or garment close to the 
body. Dryden. 

QUER'QUE-DULE, 77. [L. 977er977edw^a.] An aquati* fowl, 
a species of teal of the genus anas. Encyc. 

QUER'RY, 77. A groom. -See Equerry. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— | Obsolete. 


663 


aui 

Q.UER'U-LOUS, a. [L. querulus.'] 1. Complaining, or lia- 
bitually complaining j disposed to murmur. 2. Express- 
ing complaint. 

Q,UER'U-LOUS-LY, adv. In a complaining manner. 
Q,UER'U-LOUS-NESS, ?t. Disposition to complain, or the 
liidnt or practice of murmuring. 

GIUe'RY, n. [L. < 7 ?/^re.] A question 3 an inquiry to be an- 
swered or resolved. JVewton. 

GIUe'RY, V. i. To ask a question or questions. Pope. 
QUe'RY, V. t. 1. To seek ; to inquire. 2. To examine by 
questions. 3. To doubt of. 

QUEST, 7 t. [Fr. for queste ; L. q7i(Dro, quecstus.] 1. 

The act of seeking; search. 2. Inquest; a jury; [ 065 .] 
3. Searchers, collectively; 4. Inquiry; examina- 
tion ; 5. Request ; desire ; solicitation, 

t QUEST, V. i. To go in search. 

QUES7’, V. t. To search or seek for. Herbert. 
t QUEST'ANT, n. A seeker. Shak. 

QUES'TION, (ques'chun) n. [Fr., Sp. question ^ Tt. qiites- 
tn>.] ]. The act of asking; an interrogatory. 2. That 

which is asked ; something proposed which is to be solved 
by answer. 3. Inquiry ; disquisition ; discussion. 4. 
l >ispute or subject of debate. 5. Doubt ; controversy ; 
dispute. 6. Trial ; examination ; judicial trial or inqui- 
ry. 7. Examination by torture. 8. Endeavor ; etFort ; 
act of seeking ; [ 06 s.] — 9. In logic^ a proposition stated by 
way of interrogation . — In question, in debate ; in the course 
of examination. 

QUIilS'TION, V. i. 1. To ask a question or questions ; to in- 
quire by interrogatory or proposition to be answered. 2 . 
To debate by interrogatories. Shak. 

QUES'TION, V. t. 1. To inquire of by asking questions; to 
examine by interrogatories. 2. To doubt of; to be un- 
certain of. 3. To have no confidence in ; to treat as 
doubtful. 

QUES'TION-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be questioned ; doubt- 
ful ; uncertain ; disputable. 2. Suspicious ; liable to be 
doubted or disputed ; liable to suspicion. 
QUES'TION-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of be- 
ing doubtful, questionable or suspicious. 
QUES'TION-A-RY, a. Inquiring; asking questions. 
QUES'TIONED, pp. 1. Interrogated; examined by ques- 
tions. 2. Doubted ; disputed. 

QUES'TION-ER, 71. One that asks questions ; an inquirer. 
QUES'TION-IXG,;)/>r. Interrogating; calling in question ; 
doubting. 

QUES'TION-IST, 77 . A questioner; an inquirer. Hall. 
QUES^TION dess, adv. Beyond a question or doubt ; 
doubtless ; certainly. South. 

t QUEST'MAN, } 77. A starter of lawsuits or prosecu- 
t QUEST'M 6 N-GER, \ tions. Bacon. 

QUES'TOR, 77 . [L. quastor.] J n Roinan antiqtiity, a.n oiUcer 
who had the management of the public treasure. 
QUES'TOR-SHIP, 77 . I. The office of a questor or Roman 
treasurer. 2. The term of a questor’s office. 
fQUES'TRIST, 77 . A seeker; a pursuer. Shak. 
QUEST'U-A-RY, 77 . Studious of profit. Brown. 
QUEST'U-A-RY, 77 . One employed to collect profits. 
QUEUE. See Cue. 

QUIB, 77. [W. ewip, gwib.] A sarcasm ; a bitter taunt ; a 
quip ; a gibe. 

QUIB'BLE, 77 . [W. ewipimo or gioibimo.l 1. A start or 
turn from the point in question, or from plain truth; an 
evasion ; a cavil ; a pretense. 2. A pun ; a low con- 
ceit. 

QUIB'BLE, V. i. 1. To evade the point in question, or 
plain truth, by artifice, play upon words, caviling or any 
conceit ; to trifle in argument or discourse. 2. To pun. 
QUIB'BLER, 77. 1. One who evades plain truth by trifling 
artifices, play upon words, or cavils. 2. A punster, 
t Q.UIUK, V. i. [Sax. ewie, c7oicxian.'\ To stir ; to move. 
QUICK, a. [Sax. civic ; D. kwik', G. quick ; D3.n. qvik ; Sw. 
qvick.] 1. Primarily, alive; living. 2. Swift; hasty; 
done with celerity. 3. Speedy ; done or occurring in a 
short time. 4. Active ; brisk ; nimble ; prompt ; ready. 
5. Moving with rapidity or celerity. — Quick with child, 
pregnant with a living child. 

QUICK, adv. 1. Nimbly; with celerity; rapidly; with 
haste ; speedily ; without delay. 2. Soon ; in a short 
time ; without delay. 

QUICK, 77 . [Sw. yviga.] 1. A living animal ; [ots.] 2. 

The living flesh ; sensible parts. 3. Living shrubs or trees, 
t QUICK, v. t. [Sax. cioiccian.] To revive; to make alive. 
QUICK, 7n 7 . To become alive. Chaucer. 

QUICK'-BeAM, or QUICK'EN-TREE, n. A tree, the wild 
sorb, a species of wild ash. Mortimer. 

QUICK'EN, (quik'n) v. t. [Sax. cwiccian ; Dan. qveeger.] 

1. Primarily, to make alive; to vivify ; to revive or re- 
suscitate, as from death or an inanimate state. Rom. iv. 

2. To make alive in a spiritual sense ; to communicate a 
principle of grace to. 3. To hasten ; to accelerate. 4. 
To sharpen ; to give keener perception to ; to stimulate ; 
to incite. 5. To revive ; to cheer ; to reinvigorate y to 
refresh by new supplies of comfort or grace. Ps. cxix. 


QUI 

QUICK'EN, (quik'n) v. i. 1. To become alive. Ray. 2. To 
move with rapidity or activity. Pope. 

QUICK'ENED, pp. 1. Made alive ; revived ; vivified ; 
reinvigorated. 2. Accelerated ; hastened. 3. Stimulat- 
ed ; incited. 

QUICK'EN-ER, n. 1. One who revives, vivifies, or com- 
municates life. 2. That which reinvigorates. 3. That 
which accelerates motion or increases activity. More. 

QUIGK'EN-ING, ppr. Giving life ; accelerating ; incit- 
ing. 

QU1€K'-EyED, a. Having acute sight ; of keen and ready 
perception. 

QUI€K'-GRaSS. See Quitch-grass. 

QUIGK'LIME, 77. Any calcarious substance deprived of its 
fixed or carbonic air, or an earthy substance calcined ; as 
chalk, limestone, &c. 

QUIUK'LY, adv. 1. Speedily; with haste or celerity. 2. 
Soon ; without delay. 

QUIUK'-MATCH, n. A combustible preparation formed of 
cotton strands dipped in a boiling composition of white 
vinegar, saltpetre and mealed powder ; used by artillery- 
men. 

QUIUK'NESS, 77 . 1. Speed ; velocity ; celerity ; rapidi- 
ty. 2. Activity ; briskness ; promptness. 3. Acute- 
ness of perception ; keen sensibility. 4. Sharpness ; pun- 
genc}". 

QUIGK'SAND, n. 1. Sand easily moved or readily yielding 
to pressure ; loose sand abounding with water. 2. Uiisol- 
id ground. 

QUI€K'SCENT-ED, a. Having an acute perception by the 
nose ; of an acute smell. 

QUIGK'SET, 77 . A living plant set to grow, particularly for 
a hedge. Evelyn. 

QUIGK'SET, V. t. To plant with living shrubs or trees for 
a hedge or fence. Mortimer. 

QUI€K'SIGHT-ED, a. Having quick sight or acute dis- 
cernment ; quick to see or discern. Locke. 

QUIGK'SiGHT-ED-NESS, n. Quickness of sight or dis- 
cernment ; readiness to see or discern. Locke. 

QUIGK'SIL-VER, 77 . [that is, living silver, argentum vivum, 
so called from its fluidity.] Mercury. 

QUIGK'SIL-VERED, a. Overlaid with quicksilver. 

QUIGK'WIT-TED, a. Having ready wit. Shak. 

QUID, 77. A vulgar pronunciation of cud. 

fQUI'DAM, 77. [L.] Somebody. Spenser. 

QUID'DA-NY, 77. [G. quitte ; L. cydon ium .] Marmalade ; 
a confection of quinces prepared with sugar. 

QUID'DA-TIVE, a. Constituting tlie essence of a thing. 
Encyc. 

f QUID'DIT, 77. [L. quidlibet, or Fr. que dit.] A subtilty ; an 
equivocation. Shak. 

QUID'DI-TY, 77 . [L. quid, what.] 1. A barbarous term 
used in school philosophy for essence. 2. A trifling nice- 
ty ; a cavil ; a captious question. Camden. 

QUID'DLE, V. i. [L. quid, what.] To spend time in tri- 
fling employments, or to attend to useful subjects in a 
trifling or superficial manner. The word is also used as a 
noun. 

QUID'NUNG, 77 . [L. what now.] One who is curious to 
know every thing that passes ; one who knows or pretends 
to know all occurrences. Tatler. 

QUID PRO QUO, [L.] In Zfl7£>, an equivalent ; something 
given or done for another thing. 

QUI-ESCE', (qui-es') v. i. [L. quiesco.] To be silent, as a 
letter; to have no sound. M. Stuart. 

QUI-ES'CENCE, ) 77 . [L. quiescens.1 1. Rest; repose; 

QUI-ES'CEN-CY, | state of a thing without motion. 2. 
Rest of the mind ; a state of the mind free from agitation 
or emotion. 3. Silence ; the having no sound. 

QUI-ES'CENT, a. [L. quiescens.'] 1. Resting ; being in a 
state of repose ; still ; not moving. 2. Not rutiled with 
passion; unagitated. 3. Silent; not sounded ; having no 
sound. M. Stuart. 

QUI-ES'CENT, 77 . A silent letter. M. Stuart. 

QUI'ET, a. [Fr. quiet; L. quietus; It. quieto.'j 1. Still; 
being in a state of rest ; not moving. Judg. xvi. 2. Still ; 
free from alarm or disturbance ; unmolested. 3. Peacea- 
ble ; not turbulent ; not giving offense ; not exciting con- 
troversy, disorder or trouble ; mild ; meek ; contented. 
4. Calm; not agitated by wind. 5. Smooth; unruliled. 
6. Undisturbed ; unmolested. 7. Not crying ; not rest- 
less. 

QUI'ET, 77 . [L. quies.] 1. Rest; repose; stillness; the 
state of a thing not in motion. 2. Tranquillity ; freedom 
from disturbance or alarm ; civil or political repose. 3i 
Peace ; security. Judg. xviii. 

QUI'ET, v.t. 1. To stop motion ; to still ; to reduce to a 
state of rest. 2. To calm ; to appease ; to pacify ; to lull ; 
to tranquilize. 3. To allay ; to suppress. 

QUI'ET-ED, pp. Made still ; calmed ; pacified. 

QU?'ET-ER, 77 . The person or thing that quiets. 

QUI'ET-ING, ppr. Reducing to rest or stillness ; appeasing; 
tranquilizing. 

QUI'ET-ISM, 77 . Peace or tranquillity of mind; apathy; 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


G64 


QUI 



dispassion ; indisturbance ; inaction. — In history, quietism 
is the system of the quietists, who maintained that relig- 
ion consists in the internal rest or recollection of the 
mind, employed in contemplating God and submitting to 
his will. 

Q,UI'ET-IST, n. One of a sect of mystics, originated by 
Molino, a Spanish priest, who maintained the principles 
of quietism. 

Q,Ul'ET-LY, ado. 1. In a quiet state ; without motion ; in 
a state of rest. 2. Without tumult, alarm, dispute or dis- 
turbance j peaceably. 3. Calmly ; without agitation or 
violent emotion ; patiently. 

Q,Ui'ET-NESS, n. J. A state of rest ; stillness. 2. Calm; 
tranquillity. 3. Freedom from agitation or emotion ; 
calmness ; coolness. 4. Freedom from disturbance, dis- 
order or commotion ; peace ; tranquillity. 

t Q.UFET-S6ME, a. Calm ; still ; undisturbed. Spenser, 

Q.UFE-TUDE, n. [Fr.l Rest ; repose ; quiet ; tranquillity. 

Q.UI-E'TUS, n. [L.] Rest; repose; death; hence, a final 
discharge or acquittance ; that which silences claims. 

QUILL, 71. [Ir. cuille j Corn, cuilan.] 1. The large, strong 
feather of a goose or other large fowl ; used much for 
writing-pens. 2. The instrument of writing. 3. The 
spine or prickle of a porcupine. 4. A piece of small reed 
or other hollow plant, on which weavem wind the 
thread which forms the woof of cloth. 5. The instru- 
ment with which musicians strike the strings of certain 
instruments. Drydcn. — To carry a good quill, to write 
well. 

QUILL, V. t. To plait, or to form with small ridges like 
quills or reeds. [In the linked States, this word is gener- 
ally pronounced twill.] 

QUIL'LET, n. [L. quidlibet.] Subtilty ; nicety ; fraudulent 
distinction ; petty cant. [JVbt miLch used.] Shak. 

QUILT, n. [It. coltre ; L. culcita ; Ir. c^lilt.] A cover or 
garment made by putting wool, cotton or other substance 
between two cloths and sewing them together. 

QUILT, V. t. 1. To stitch together two pieces of cloth with 
some soft and warm substance between them. 2. To sew 
in the manner of a quilt. 

QUILT'ED, pp. Stitched together, as two pieces of cloth, 
with a soft substance between them. 

QUILT^ING, ppr. Stitching together, as two cloths, with 
some soft substance between them. 

QUILTTNG, n. 1. The act of forming a quilt. — 2. In JSTew 
England, the act of quilting by a collection of females. 


QUFNA-RY, a. 
QUFNATE, a. 
sort of digitate 


L. qidnariiis.] Consisting of five. 

L. qidnque.] In botajiy, a quinate leaf is a 
eaf having five leaflets on a petiole. 
QUINCE, (quins) n. [Fr. coin, or coing.] The fruit of the 
pyriis cydonia, so named from Cydonia, a town of Crete, 
famous for this fruit. 


OTIT'Vf^F' ) 

QUINCe’-TREE ( which produces the quince. 

t QUINCH, V. i. To stir, wince or flounce. 

QUIN-CUN'CIAL, a. [from L. quincunx.] Having the form 
of a quincunx. Ray. 

QUIN'CUNX, n. [L. quinque and ?t7icia.] In gardening, 
the quincunx order is a plantation of trees disposed in a 
square, consisting of five trees, one at each corner and a 
fifth in the middle, thus, ; which order, repeated in- 
definitely, forms a regular grove or wood. 

QUIN-DEC' A-GON, n. [L. quinque, Gr. 6sKa and ywvta.] 
In geometry, a plain figure with fifteen sides and fifteen 
angles. 

QUIN-DE-CEM'ViR, n. [L. quinque, decern and t;ir.] In 
Roman history, one of a collection or body of fifteen mag- 
istrates whose business was to preside over the sacri- 
ficcs* 

QUIN-DE-CEM'VI-RATE, n. The body of fifteen magis- 
trates, or their office. 

QUIN'I-A, ) n. In pharmacy, a substance prepared from 

QUINTNE, ) yellow bark {cinchona cordifolia,) possess- 
ing, in a concentrated form, the tonic virtues of the bark, 
and capable of forming salts with acids. 

QUIN-QUA-GES'I-MA, 71. [L. fifty.] Quinquagesima 
Sunday, so called as being about the fiftieth day before 
Easter ; Shrove Sunday. 

QUIN-QUAN'GU-LAR, a. [L. quinque and anguliLS.] Hav- 
ing five angles or corners. Woodward. 

QUIN-QUAR-TIC'U-LAR, a. [L. quinque and articulus.] 
Consisting of five articles. [L. i/..] Sanderson. 

QUIN-QUE-CAP'SU-LAR, a. [L. quinque and capsula.] 
In botany, having five capsules to a flower. 

QUIN-QUE-DEN'TATE, a. [L. quinque and dentatus / 
dens.] In botany, five-toothed. 

QUIN-QUE-Fa'RI-OUS, a. In botany, opening into five 
parts. Lee. 

QUIN'QUE-FID, a. [L. quinque and jindo.] In botany, five- 
cleft ; cut into five segments with linear sinuses. 

QUlN-QUE-Fo'LI-A-TED, a. [L. quinque and folium.] 
Having five leaves. Johnson. 

QUIN-QUE-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. quinque and litera.] Con- 
sisting of five letters. M. Stuart. 


QUIN'QUE-LO-BATE, ) a. [L. quinque and lobus.] Five- 

QUIN'QUE-LoBED, ) lobed. 

QUIN-QUE-LOC'U-LAR, a. [L. quinque and loculus.] 
Five-celled ; having five cells. 

QUIN-QUEN'NI-AL, a. [L. quinquennalis.] Occurring 
once in five years, or lasting five years. 

QUIN-QUEP'AR-TITE, a. [L. quinque and partiUis.] 1. 
Divided into five parts almost to the base. 2. Consisting 
of five parts. 

QUIN'QUE-REME, n. [L. quinque and remits.] A galley 
having five seats or rows of oars. 

QUIN'QUE-VALVE, ) a. [L. quinque and valvw.] 

QUIN QUE-VALV'U-LAR, ) Having five valves, as a 


pericarp. 

QUIN'QUE-ViR, 71. [L. quinque and vir.] One of an order 
of five priests in Rome. 

QUIN'SY, 71. [Fr. esqidnancie, sqidnancie ; It. sqidnanzia ; 
Sp. esquinancia.] 1. An inflammation of the throat ; a 
species of angina which renders respiration difficult, or 
intercepts it. 2. An inflammation of the fauces, particu- 
larly of the tonsils. 

QUINT, 71. [L. quintus / Fr. qidnte.] A set or sequence of 
five ; as in piquet. 


QUINT' AIN, 71. 
QUINT' AL, 77. 
pounds in weig 


Fr. qidntaine.] A post with a turning top. 
Fr. quintal-, It. quintale.] A hundred 
it ; or a weight of that number of pounds ; 
sometimes written and pronounced kentle. 

* QUIN-TES'SENCE, n. [L. quinta esseiitia.] 1. In al- 
chemy, the fifth or last and highest essence of power in a 
natural body. 2. An extract from any thing, containing 
its virtues or most essential part in a small quantity. — 3. 
In chemistry, a preparation consisting of the essential oil 
of a vegetable substance, mixed and incorporated with 
spirit of wine. 4. The pure, essential part of a thing. 

QUIN-TES-SEN'TIAL, a. Consisting of quintessence. 

QUINT'lLE, 71 . [L. qidntus.] The aspect of planets when 
distant from eacn other the fifth part of the zodiac, or 72 
degrees. 

QUINT'IN, 77. [Fr. quintaine ; W. gteiiitan.] An upright 
post, on the top of which turned a cross piece, on one end 
of which was fixed a broad board, and on the other a sand 
bag. 

QUINT'U-PLE, a. [L. quintuplu3.] Five-fold ; containing 
five times the amount. Graunt. 

QUIP, 71 . [W. gwip, gwipiaw.] A smart, sarcastic turn ; a 
taunt ; a severe retort. Milton. 

QUIP, V. t. To taunt ; to treat with a sarcastic retort. 

QUIP, V. i. To scoff. Sidney. 

QUIRE, 71 . [Fr. ehoeur j It. coro ; L. chorus; Gr. ^opof.l 
1. A bodv of singers ; a chorus. [See Chorus and Choir.] 
Milton. ‘2. The part of a church where the service is 


sung. 

QUIRE, 71 . A collection of paper consisting of twenty-four 
sheets, each having a single fold. 

QUIRE, V. i. To sing in concert or chorus. Shak. 

QUiR'IS-TER, 71 . One that sings in concert ; more general- 
ly, the leader of a quire, particularly in divine service ; a 
chorister. 

fQUIR-I-TA'TION, 71 . [L. quiritatio.] A crying for help. 

QUIRK, 71 . [W. gwired.] 1. Literally, a turn; a starting 
from the point or line ; hence, an artful turn for evasion 
or subterfuge ; a shift ; a quibble. 2. A fit or turn ; a 
short paroxysm. 3. A smart taunt or retort. 4. A slight 
conceit or quibble. 5. A flight of fancy ; [o&s.] 6. An 
irregular air. — 7. In building, a piece of ground taken out 
of any regular ground-plot or floor. 

QUIRK'ISH, a. 1. Consisting of quirks, turns, quibbles or 
artful evasions. Barrow. 2. Resembling a quirk. 

QUiRP'ELE, 71 . The Indian ferret, an animal. 

QUIT, V. t.; pret. and pp. quit, or quitted. [Fr. quitter ; It. 
qidtare; Port., Sp. quitar ; D. kwyten ; G. quittiren ; Dan. 
quitterer ; Sw. quitta.] 1. To leave; to depart from, 
either temporarily or forever. 2. To free ; to clear ; to 
liberate ; to discharge from ; [Z. ii.] 3. To carry through ; 
to do or perform something to the end, so that nothing re- 
mains ; to discharge or perform completely . — 4. To quit 
one^s self, reciprocally, to clear one’s self of incumbent 
duties by full performance. 5. To repay ; to requite. 6. 
To vacate obligation ; to release ; to free 7. To 

pay ; to discharge ; hence, to free from. 8. To set free ; 
to release ; to absolve ; to acquit. 9. To leave ; to gwc 
up; to resign; to relinquish. 10. To pay; [o6s.] 11. 

To forsake ; to abandon. — To quit cost, to pay ; to free 
from by an equivalent ; to reimburse. — To quit scores, to 
make even ; to clear mutually from demands by mutual 
equivalents given. 

QUIT, a. Free ; clear; discharged from ; absolved. 

QUI TAM, [L.] A qid tarn action, in law, is a popular ac- 
tion, in which a man prosecutes an offender for the king 
or state, as well as for himself. 

QUITCH'-GRASS, 7 t. [properly quick-grass.] Dog-grass ; 
a species of grass which roots deeply and is not easily 

killed. , „ , , . V 

QUIT'CLAIM, V. t. [quit and claim.] To release a claim by 


* See Sijnopsis. A, E, I, o, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY j— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— | Obsolete. 


RAB 


665 


RAB 


deed without covenants of warranty ; to convey to another 
who hath some right in lands or tenements, all one’s right, 
title and interest in the estate, by relinquishing all claim 
to them. Blackstone. 

Q,UIT^€LAIM^ n. A deed of release ; an instrument by 
which all claims to an estate are relinquished to another 
without any covenant of warranty, express or implied. 
Z. Swift. 

QUIT/CLAIMED, pp. Released by deed. 

QUIT'CLAIAL-ING, ppr. Conveying by deed of release. 

(iUITE, adv. [from quit.l Completely ; wholly ; entirely j 
totally ; perfectly ; as, the work is not quite done. 

ClUIT'-RENT, 71. [L. quietus reditus.'] A rent reserved in 
grants of land, by the payment of which the tenant is 
quieted or quit from all other service. 

QUITS, [from quit.'] An exclamation used when mu- 
tual demands are adjusted and the parties are even, each 
quit of the other. 

QUIT'TA-BLE, a. That may be vacated ; that may be 
given up. Markland. 

QUIT'TAL, n.^ Return ; repayment. Shak. 

QUIT'TANCE, n. [Fr.] 1. Discharge from a debt or obli- 
gation ; an acquittance. Shak. 2. Recompense j return ; 
repayment. Shak. 

t Q,U1T/TANCE, v. t. To repay. Shak. 

QUIT'TED, pp. Left; relinquished; acquitted. 

Q,UIT'TER, 7t. 1. One who quits. 2. A deliverer ; [oJs.] 
Ainsxcorth. 3. Scoria of tin. jlinsworth. 

QUIT'TER-BONE, n. In farriery^ a hard, round swelling 
on the coronet, between the heel and the quarter. 

aUIV'ER, 71. [qu. Fx.couvrir.] A case or sheath for arrows. 

[QUIV'ER, a. Nimble; active. Shak. 

QUIV'ER, V. i. [D. huiveren.] 1. To shake or tremble ; to 
quake ; to shudder ; to shiver. 2. To play or be agitated 
with a tremulous motion. 

Q-UIV'ERED, a. [from the noun quiver.] 1. Furnished 
with a quiver. Milton. 2. Sheathed as in a quiver. 

Q,UIV'ER-ING, ppr. Trembling, as with cold or fear ; mov- 
ing with a tremulous agitation. 

QUIV'ER-FVG, 71. The act of shaking or trembling ; agita- 
tion. Sidney. 

QUIX-OTTC, a. Like Don Quixote ; romantic to extrava- 
gance. 

QUIX'OT-ISM, 71. Romantic and absurd notions; schemes 
or actions like those of Don Quixote. 

QUIZ, 71. [Norm, quis, quiz.] An enigma ; a riddle or ob- 
scure question. 

QUIZ, V. t. To puzzle. [JVbt an elegant word.] 

QUO Wx\R'RAN-TO. In Law Latin ^ a w'rit brought be- 
fore a proper tribunal, to inquire by what warrant a per- 
son or corporation exercises certain powers. 

QUOB, V. i. [W. gwapiaw.] To move, as the fetus in ute- 
ro ; to throb. [Local and little used.] 

QUOD. The same as quoth, he saith. Chaucer. 

QUOD'LI BET, n. [L. what you please.] A nice point ; a 
subtilty. Prior. 

QUOD-LIB-E-Ta'RI-AN, 71. One who talks and disputes 
on any subject at pleasure. 


QIjfiD-LI-BETT-€AL, a. Not restrained to a particular 

, subject ; moved or discussed at pleasure for curiosity or 
entertainment. 

QUOD-LI-BETT-GAL-LY, adv. At pleasure ; for curiosi- 
ty ; so as to be debated for entertainment. 

QUOIF, 71. \Yt. coiffe.] A cap or hood. [See Coif.] Shak. 

QUOIF, V. t. To cover or dress with a coif. Addison. 

QUOIF'FURE, 71. A head dress. Addison. 

QUOIL. See Coil, the better word. 

QUOIN, n. [Fr. com, a corner ; Sp. cuna. See Coin.] 1. 
A corner. 2. An instrument to raise any tiling ; a wedge 
employed to raise cannon. — 3. In architecture, the corner 
of a brick or stone wall. 

QUOIT, 71. [D. coite.] 1. A kind of horse-shoe to be pitch- 
ed or thrown at a fixed object in play. — In common prac- 
tice, a plain flat stone is used for this purpose. — 2. In some 
authors, the discus of the ancients, thrown in trials of 
strength. 

QUOIT, V. i. To throw quoits ; to play at quoits. Dryden, 

f QUOIl\ V. t. To throw. Shak. 

QUOLL, 71. An animal of New Holland. 

QUON'DAM, used adjectively. [L.] Having been formerly ; 
former ; as, a quondam friend. Shak. 

fQUOOKjpret. of quake. Spenser. 

QUOP. See Quob. 

QUo'RUM, n. [L. gen. plu. of qui.] I. A bench of jus- 
tices, or such a number of officers or members as is com- 
petent by law or constitution to transact business. 2. A 
special commission of justices. 

QUo'TA, n. [L. quotas j It., Sp. quota.] A just part or 
share ; or the share, part or proportion assigned to each. 

* QUO-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The act of quoting or citing. 2. 
The passage quoted or cited ; the part of a book or writing 
named, repeated or adduced as evidence or illustration. — 
3. In mercantile language, the naming of the price of com- 
modities ; or the price specified to a correspondent. 4. 
Quota ; share ; [ois.] 

* QUOTE, V. t. [Fr. quoter, now coter.] 1. To cite, as a 
passage from some author ; to name, repeat or adduce a 
passage from an author or speaker, by way of authority or 
illustration. — 2. In commerce, to name, as the price of an 
article. 3. To note. 

* t QUO'^E, 71. A note upon an author. Cotgrave 

* QUoT'ED, pp. Cited ; adduced ; named. 

^^QUol 'ER, 71. One that cites the words of an author or 
speaker. 

* QUoTH, V. i. [Sax. cwythan, cythan ; Goth, quithan.] To- 
say ; to speak. This verb is defective, being used only in 
the first and third persons in the present and past tenses, 
as quoth I, quoth he / and the nominative always follows 
the verb, 

^ QUO-TIDT-AN, a. \Jj. quotidianus.] Daily ; occurring or 
returning daily. 

* QUO-TIDT-AN, 7i. 1. A fever whose paroxysms return 
every day. 2. Any thing returning daily. 

* QUo'TIENT,7l [Fr.; L. quoties.] In arit/mctic, the number 
resulting from the division of one number by another, and 
showing how often a less number is contained in a greater. 



T> is the eighteenth letter of the English Alphabet, and an 
articulation sui generis, having little or no resemblance 
in pronunciation to any other letter. But from the posi- 
tion of the tongue in uttering it, it is commutable with I, 
into which letter it is changed in many words by the 
Spaniards and Portuguese, and some other nations ; as Z 
is also changed into r. It is numbered among the liquids 
and semi-vowels, and is sometimes called the canine let- 
ter. Its English uses, which are uniform, may be under- 
stood by the customary pronunciation of rod, rose, bar, 
bare, barren, brad, pride, drown . — In words whicli we 
have received from the Greek language, we follow the 
Latins, who wrote h after r, as rhapsody, rheum, rhetoric. 

As an abbreviation, R., in English, stands for rez, king, as 
George R. 

As a numeral, R, in Roman authors, stands for 80, and, witli 
a dash over it, R, for 80,000. 

RA, as an inseparable prefix or preposition, is the Latin rc, 
coming to us through the Italian and French, and prima- 
rily signifying again, repetition. See Re. 

RA-BaT 1'7, 7>. t. [Fr. rabattre j It. rabbattere.] In falconry, 
to recover a hawk to the fist. Ainsworth. 

t RA-Ba'TO, 77. [Fr. rabat.] A neckband or ruff. 

RAB'BET, V. t. [Fr. raboter.] To pare down the edge 
of a board or other piece of timber, for the purpose of re- 
ceiving the edge of another piece by lapping and thus 
uniting the two. 2. To lap and unite the edges of boards. 


&c. — In ship carpentry, to let the edge of a plank into the 
keel. 

RAB'BET, 77. A cut on the side of a board, &c. to fit it to 
another by lapping ; a joint made by lapping boards, &c. 

RAB'BET-ED, pp. Pared down at the edge ; united by a 
rabbet joint. 

RAB'BET-ING, ppr. Paring down the edge of a board 
uniting by a rabbet joint. 

RAB'BET-PLANE, n. A joiner’s plane for paring or cut- 
ting square down the edge of a board, &:c. Moxon. 

RAB'BI, ) 77. [Ch. N3*1.] A title assumed by the Jewish 

RAB'BIN, ^ doctors, signifying master or lord. 

RAB-BINTG, ) a. Pertaining to the Rabbins, or to their 

RAB-BIN'I-UAL, | opinions, learning and language. 

RAB-BINTU, 77. The language or dialect of the Rabbins ; 
the later Hebrew. 

RAB'BIN-ISM, 77. A Rabbinic expression or phraseology ; a 
peculiarity of the language of the Rabbins. 

RAB'BIN-IST, 77. Among the Jews, one who adhered to the 
Talmud and tlie traditions of the Rabbins. 

RAB'BIN-ITE, 11 . The same as Rabbinist. 

RAB'BIT, 77. [said to be from the Belgic robbe, robbeken.] 
A small quadruped, of the genus lepus, which feeds on 
grass or other herbage, and burrows in the earth. 

RAB'BLE, 77. [L. rabula; Dan. raaber ; D. rabbelen.] 1. 
A tumultuous crowd of vulgar, nnisy people ; the mob ; a 
confused, disorderly crowd. 2. The lower class of people. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


ilAC 666 RAF 

without reference to an assembly j the dregs of the peo- .. RA€K'LESS, a. Careless The word used in the north of 
pie. Etifrland for reckless. 

KAB'BLE, v.i. To speak in a confused manner. RA€-OON^, ?t. An American quadruped. It is somewhat 

R AB'BLB-CIIARM'ING, a. Charming the rabble. larger than a fox, and its fur is valuable. 

I RAB'BLE-MENr, n. A tumultuous crowd of low people. RA'CV^, a. [Sax. hras, or Sp., Port. raizJ] Strong j flavor- 

RAB-DOL'0-(j Y, n. [Gr. and Aoyoj.] A method ous; tasting of the soil ; as, racy wine. Johnson. 

of performing mathematical operations by little square RAD, the oZd />ret. of read. Spenser. 

rods. RAD, RED, ROD, an initial or terminating syllable in 

RAB'ID, a. [L. rabidas.'] Furious 3 raging j mad 5 as a raftitZ names, is the D. raarf, G. rath, counsel; as in Conrad, 
dog or wolf. powerful in counsel : Ethelred, noble counsel. 


RAB lD-i\ESS, n. Furiousness ; madness. 

RAB'IN-ET, n. A kind of smaller ordnance. Ainswo^'th. 

RA'CA, n. A Syriac word signifying empty, beggarly, fool- 
ish ; a term of extreme contempt. Matt. v. 

RACE, n. [Fr. race.] 1 . The lineage of a family, or con- 
tinued series of descendants from a parent who is called 
the stock. 2. A generation ; a family of descendants. 
3. A particular breed. 4. A root; as race-ginger. 5. A 
particular strength or taste of wine ; a kind of tartness. 
Temple. Messenger. 

RACE, n. [D. ras ; Sw. resa.] 1. A running ; a rapid 
coarse or motion, either on the feet, on horseback, or in a 
carriage, &c. ; particularly, a contest in running ; a run- 
ning in competition for a prize. 2. Any running with 
speed. 3. A progress ; a course ; a movement or progres- 
sion of any kind. 4. Course ; train ; process ; [o 6 s.J 5. 
A strong or rapid current of water, or the channel or 
passage for such a current. 6 . By way of distinction, a 
contest in the running of horses ; generally in the plural. 

Race, v. i. To run swiftly ; to run or contend in running. 

RACE-GIN'GER, n. Ginger in the root, or not pulverized. 

RaCE'-HORSE, n. A horse bred or kept for running in 
contest ; a horse that runs in competition. 

RAC-E-Ma'TION, n. [L. racemus.] 1. A cluster, as of 
grapes. 2. The cultivation of clusters of grapes. ~ 

RAC'EME, 71. [L. racemus.] In botany, a species of inflo- 
rescence. Martyn. 

RAC-E-MIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. I'acemus and fero.] Bearing 
racemes or clusters. Asiat. Res. 

RAC'E-MOIJS, a. Growing in racemes or clusters. Encijc. 

Ra'CER, 71. A runner ; one that contends in a race. 

RACH, 77 . [Sax. race ; Fr. braqxie.] A setting dog. 

Ra'CT-NESS, 77 . The quality of being racy. 

RACK, 77 . [D. rek, rekker ,• Sax. racan, rcecan.] 1 . An en- 
gine of torture, used for extorting confessions from crimi- 
nals or suspected persons. 2. Torture ; extreme pain ; 
anguish. 3. Any instrument for stretching or extending 
any thing. 4. A grate on which bacon is laid. 5. A 
wooden frame of open work, in which hay is laid for 
horses and cattle for feeding. 6 . The frame of bones of 
an animal ; a skeleton. 7. A frame of timber on a ship’s 
bowsprit. 

RACK, 77 . [Sax. hracca ; W. rhac.] The neck and spine of 
a fore quarter of veal or mutton. 

RACK, 77, [Sax. rec, rccan.] Properly, vapor ; hence, thin, 
flying, broken clouds, or any portion of floating vapor in 
the sky. 

RACK, 77. [for arrack. See Arrack.] Among the Tartars, 
a spirituous liquor made of mare’s milk. 

RACK, v.i. [Sax. 7 -eca 7 ?,.] 1. Properly, to steam; to rise, 

as vapor ; [see Reek.] 2. To fly as vapor or broken clouds. 

RACK, a. t. I. To torture; to stretch or strain on the rack 
or wheel. 2. To torment ; to torture ; to affect with 
extreme pain or anguish. 3. To harass by exaction. 4. 
To stretch ; to strain vehemently ; to wrest. 5. To 
stretch ; to extend. 

RACK, V. t. [Ar.] To draw off from the lees ; to draw off, 
as pure liquor from its sediment. Bacon. 

RACKED, pp. 1. Tortured ; tormented ; strained to the 
utmost. 2. Drawn off, as liquor. 

RACK'ER, 77 . One that tortures or torments ; one that racks. 

RACICET, 77. 1. A confused, clattering noise, less loud than 
7iproar. 2 . Clamor ; noisy talk. Swift. 

RACK'ET, 77. A snow shoe. - 

RACK-ET, V. i. To make a confused noise or clamor; to 
frolick. Gray. 

RACK'ET, 77 . [Fr. raquette •, G. racket; D. raket.] The 
instrument with which players at tennis strike the ball. 

RACK'E'J’, V. t. To strike as with a racket. Hewyt. 

RACK'ET-Y, a. Making a tumultuous noise. 

RACK'ING, ppr. 1. Torturing ; tormenting ; straining ; 
drawing off. 2. a. Tormenting ; excruciating. 

R ACK'ING, 77. 1. Torture ; a stretching on the rack. 2. Tor- 
ment of the mind ; anguish. 3. The act of stretching 
cloth on a frame for drying. 4. The act of drawing from 
the sediment, as liquors. 

RACKTNG-PACE, 77. The racking-pace of a horse is an 
amble, but with a quicker and shorter tread. 

RACK'-RENT, n. An annual rent of the full value of the 
tenement or near it. Blackstone. 

RACK'-RENT-ED, a. Subjected to the payment of rack- 
rent. Franklin. 

RACK'-RENT-ER, n. One that is subjected to pay rack- 
rent. Locke. 


fRAD'DLE, V. t. To twist ; to wind together. 

RAD'DLE, 77 . A long stick used in hedging ; also a hedge 
formed by interweaving the shoots and branches of trees 
or slirubs. Todd. 

RAD'DOCK, or RUD^DOCK, n. [from red, ruddy.] A bird, 
the redbreast. Shak. 

Ra'DI-AL, a. [from L. radius.] Pertaining to the radius 
or to the fore arm of the human body. 

M' Ra'DI-ANCE, ) 77 . [L. radians.] Properly, brightness 
j RaT)I-AN-CY, I shooting in rays or beams ; hence, in 
I general, brilliant or sparkling lustre ; vivid brightness. 
*Ra'DI-ANT, a. Shooting or darting rays of light; beam- 
ing with brightness ; emitting a vivid light or splendor. 

* Ra'DI-ANT, 77 . In optics, the luminous point or object 
from which light emanates, that falls on a mirror or lens. 

* Ra'DI-ANT-LY, ado. With beaming brightness ; with 
guttering splendor. 

* lE^'DI-ATE, v. 7 . [L. radio.] 1. To issue in rays, aslight; 
to dart, as beams of brightness ; to shine. 2. To issue 
and proceed in direct lines from a point. 

* Ra'DI-ATE, V. t. To enlighten ; to illuminate ; to shed 
light or brightness on. [Usually irradiate.] 

* Ra'DI-ATE, a. In botany, a rayed or radiate coral or flower 
is a compound flower consisting of a disk, in which the 
corollets or florets are tubular and regular, and of a ray, in 
which the florets are irregular. 

* Ra'DI-A-TED, pp. 1. Adorned with rays of light*. Addi- 
son. 2. Having crystals diverging from a centre. Min- 
eralogy. 

* Ra'DI-A-TING, ppr. Darting rays of light ; enlightening. 

* RA-DI-a'TION, 77 . [L. radiatio.] 1. The emission and 
diffusion of rays of liglit ; beamy brightness. 2. The 
shooting of any thing from a centre, like the diverging rays 
of light. 

RAD'I-€AL, a. [Fr. ; L. radicalis.] 1. Pertaining to the 
root or origin ; original ; fundamental. 2. Implanted by 
nature ; native ; constitutional, 3. Primitive ; original ; 
underived ; uncompounded. 4. Serving to origination. — 
5. In botany, proceeding immediately from the root. 
RADT-UAL, 71. 1. In philology, a primitive word ; a radix, 
root, or simple, underived, uncompounded word. 2. A 
primitive letter ; a letter that belongs to the radix. — 3. In 
chemistry, an element, or a simple constituent part of a 
substance, which is incapable of decomposition. 
RAD-I-€AL'I-TY, n 1. Origination. Broion. 2. A being 
radical ; a quantity which has relation to a root. Bailey. 
RAD'I-GAL-LY, ado. 1. Originally ; at the origin or root ; 
fundamentally. 2. Primitively ; essentially ; originally ; 
without derivation. 

RAD'I-€AL-NESS, 77 . The state of being radical or funda- 
mental. 

RAD'I-€ANT, a. [L. radicans.] In botany, rooting. Lee. 
RAD'I-€ATE, V. t. [L. radicatus.] To root ; to plant deep- 
ly and firmly. Glanville. 

RAD^Tf^ATF ) 

RAD'I-€A-TED \ PP’ planted. Burke. 

RAD-I-€a'TION, 71. 1. The process of taking root deeply. 
2. In botany, the disposition of the root of a plant with 
respect to the ascending and descending caudex and the 
radicles. 

RAD'I-€LE, 77 . [L. radicula.] 1. That part of the seed of 
a plant which upon vegetating becomes the root. 2. The 
fibrous part of a root, by which the stock or main body of 
_ it is terminated. 

RA-DI-OIM'E-TER, 77 . [L. radius, and Gr. perpov.] The 
forestaff, an instrument for taking the altitudes of celestial 
bodies. 

RAD'ISH, 77 . [Sax. rffdic ,• B.radys; G. radiess ; Ir. raidis.] 
A plant of the genus raphanus, the root of which is eaten 
raw. 

* Ra'DI-US, 77. [L. ] 1. In geometry, a right line drawn or 

extending from the centre of a circle to the periphery, 
and hence the semidiameter of the circle. — 2. In anatomy, 
the exterior bone of the fore arm, descending along with 
the ulna from the elbow to the wrist. — 3. In botany, a ray ; 
the outer part or circumference of a compound radiate 
flower, or radiated discous flower. 

Ra'DIX, 71 . [L.] In etijmology, a primitive word from 
which spring other words. — 2. In logaritlnns, the base of 
any system of logarithms, or that number whose logarithm 
is unity. — 3. In algebra, radix sometimes denotes the root 
of a finite expression, from which a series is derived. 
fRAFF, v.t. [G. 7-affen.] To sweep; to snatch, draw or 
liuddle together ; to take by a promiscuous sweep. 


* See Sij 7 iopsis. A, E, I, O, t), Y, loug.^FAR, F^LL, WHAT PRgY PIN. MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


RAI 


667 


RAK 


RXFF, n. 1. The sweepings of society ; the rabble; the 
mob Tliis is used chiefly in the compound or 

duplicate, riffraffs 2. A promiscuous heap or collection ; 
a jumble. 

RAF'FLE, V. u [Fr. raficr.] To cast dice for a prize, for 
which each person concerned in the game lays down a 
stake or hazards a part of the value. 

RAF^FLE, n. A game of chance, or lottery in which sever- 
al persons deposit a part of tlie value of the thing, in 
consideration of the cliance of gaining it. 

RAF'FLER, n. One who raffles. 

RAF'FLING, ppr. The act of throwing dice fora prize 
staked by a number. 

RAFF'-MER-CHANT, ?i. A timber-merchant ; a raft-mer- 
chant. Yorkshire^ Eng. 

RAFT, 71. [Dan. raftj Sax. reajian.'] An assemblage of 
boards, planks or pieces of timber fastened together hori- 
zontally and floated down a stream ; a float. Pope. 

fRAFT,pp. [Sax. re<^^a7t.] Torn; rent; severed. 

RAFT'ER, 71. [Sax. rafter.] A roof timber ; a piece of 
timber that extends from the plate of a building to the 
ridge, and serves to support the covering of the roof. Pope. 

RAFT'ERED, a. Built or furnished with rafters. 

IIAFT'Y, a. Damp ; musty. \^Local.] Robinson. 

RAG, 71. [Sax. hracod j Dan. ragerie.] 1. Any piece of 
cloth torn from the rest ; a tattered cloth, torn or worn till 
its texture is destroyed. 2. Garments worn out ; prover- 
bially, mean dress. 3. A fragment of dress. 

RAG, V. t. [qu. Sax. wregian.] To scold ; to rail. \_Local.'] 
Pegge. 

|RAG'A-BASH, or RAG'A-BRASH, n. An idle, ragged 
person. 

RAG-A-MUFTIN, n. [qu. rag, and Sp. mofar.] A paltry 
fellowj a mean wretch. Swft. 

RAG'-BoLT, n. An iron pin with barbs on its shank to re- 
tain it in its place. Mar. jJict. 

RAGE, n. [Fr. rage.] 1. Violent anger accompanied with 
furious words, gestures or agitation ; anger excited to fury. 
2. Veliemence or violent exacerbation of any thing pain- 
ful. 3. Fury; extreme violence. 4. Enthusiasm ; rapture. 
5. Extreme eagerness or passion directed to some object. 

RAGE, V. i. 1. To be furious with anger ; to be exasperated 
to fury ; to be violently agitated with passion. 2. To be 
violent and tumultuous. 3. To be violently driven or 
agitated. 4. To ravage ; to prevail without restraint, or 
with fatal effect. 5. To be driven with impetuosity ; to 
act or move furiously. 6. To toy wantonly ; to sport ; 
[o6.s.] 

RaGE'FUL, a. Full of rage ; violent; furious Sidney. 

|Ra'GER-Y, n. Wantonness. Chaucer. 

RAGG, n. Rowley ragg, a species of silicious stone. 

RAG'GED, a. [from rag.] 1. Rent or worn into tatters, or 
till its texture is broken. 2. Broken with rough edges ; 
uneven. 3. Having the appearance of being broken or 
torn ; jagged ; rough with sharp or irregular points. 4. 
Wearing tattered clothes. 5. Rough ; rugged. 

RAG'GED-NESS, 71. 1. The state of being dressed in tat- 
tered clothes. 2. The state of being rough or broken 
irregularly. 

Ra'GLVG, ppr. [fromra^e.] 1. Acting with violence or fury. 
2. a Furious; impetuous; vehemently driven or agitated. 

Ra'GING, 77. Fury; violence; impetuosity. Jonah i. 

RA'GlNG-LY, ade. With fury; with violent impetuosity. 
Hall. 

RAG'MAN, 77. A man who collects or deals in rags. 

RAG'MAN’S-RoLL, n. A roll or register of the value of 
benefices in Scotland, made by Ragimund. See Rigma- 
role. 

?A-GOUT^ ) . S n. [Fr. ragout ; Arm. ragoud.] A 

RA-GOO', j ^ ^ sauce or seasoning for exciting a 

languid appetite ; or a high-seasoned dish, prepared with 
fish, flesh, greens and the like, stewed with salt, pepper, 
cloves, &c. 

RAG'STONE, 77. A stone of the silicious kind. 

RAG'WoRT, 77. A plant of the genus senecio. 

RAIL, 77. [G. ricgel ; W.rhaiL] 1. A cross-beam fixed at 
the ends in two upright posts. — 2. In the United States, a 
piece of timber, cleft, hewed or sawed, rough or smooth, 
inserted in upright posts for fencing. 3. A bar of wood 
or iron used for inclosing any place ; the piece into wffiich 
balusters are inserted. 4. A series of posts connected 
with cross-beams, by which a place is inclosed. — 5. In a 
ship, a narrow plank nailed for ornament or security on a 
ship’s upper works. 

RAIL, 77. A bird of the genus rallus. Encyc. 

RAlIi, n. [Sax. hragle, ragle.] A woman’s upper gar- 
ment ; retained in the word nighirail. 

RAIL, V. t. 1. To inclose with rails. 2. To range in a line. 

RAIL, 77. i. [D.rallcn; Sp. rallar.] To utter reproaches; 
to scoff ; to use insolent and reproachful language ; to re- 
proach or censure in opprobrious terms. Sicift. 

RAIL'-BiRD, 77. A bird of the genus cucuhis. 

RaIL'ER, 77. One who scoffs, insults, censures or reproaches 
with opprobrious language. South. 


RAILTNG, ppr. I. Clamoring with insulting language; 
uttering reproachful words. 2. a. Expressing reproach , 
insulting. 

RAILING, 77. Reproachful or insolent language. 1 Pet. iii. 

RAIL'ING, ppr. Inclosing with rails. 

RAIL'ING, 77. 1. A series of rails ; a fence. 2. Rails in 
general ; or the scantling for rails. 

EaIL'ING-LY, adv. With scoffing or insulting language. 

* RAIL'LER-Y, or RAL'LE-RY, 77. [Fr. raff Zerie.] Banter; 
jesting language ; good-humored pleasantry or slight sa- 
tire ; satirical merriment. Addison. 

t RAIL'LEUR, 77. [Fr.] A banterer ; a jester ; a mocker. 

RaI'MENT, 77. [for arrayment.] 1. Clothing in general ; 
vestments ; vesture ; garments. 2. A single garment. 

RAIN, v.i. [Sax. hregnan, regnan, renian, rinan; Goth. 
rign.] 1 To fall in drops from the clouds, as water; 
used mostly with it for a nominative. 2. To fall or drop 
like rain. 

RAIN, V. t. To pour or shower down from the upper re- 
gions, like rain from the clouds. 

RAIN, 77. [Sax. ragn, regn, ren.] The descent of water 
in drops from the clouds ; or the water thus falling. 

fRAIN'BKAT, a. Beaten or injured by the rain. Hall. 

RAIN'BoW, 77. A bow, or an arch of a circle, consisting of 
all the colors formed by the refraction and reflection of 
rays of light from drops of rain or vapor, appearing in the 
part of the hemisphere opposite to the sun. 

RAIN'-DEER, 77. [Sax. /7ra/7a.] The rane, a species of 
the cervine genus. 

RAIN'I-NESS, 77. The state of being rainy. 

RAIN'WA-TER, n. Water that has fallen from the clouds. 

RAIN'Y, a. Abounding with rain ; wet ; showery. 

RAIP, 77. A rod to measure ground. 

RAISE, (raze) 77. t. [Goth. ra757/7777, 7/r-ra7S7/a77.] 1. To lift ; 
to take up ; to heave ; to lift from a low' or reclining pos- 
ture. 2. To set upright. 3. To set up ; to erect ; to set 
on its foundations and put together. 4. To build. 5. To 
rebuild. 6. To form to some height by accumulation. 7. 
To make ; to produce; to amass. 8. To enlarge ; to am- 
plify. Shak. 9. To exalt; to elevate in condition. 10. To 
exalt ; to advance ; to promote in rank or honor. 11. To 
enliance ; to increase. 12. To increase in current value. 
13. To excite ; to put in motion or action. 14. To excite 
to sedition, insurrection, war or tumult; to stir up. 15. 
To arouse ; to awake ; to stir up. 16. To increase in 
strength ; to excite from languor or weakness. 17. To 
give beginning of importance to ; to elevate into reputa- 
tion. 18. To bring into being. 19. To bring from a state 
of death to life. 20. To call into view from the state of 
separate spirits. 21. To invent and propagate ; to origin- 
ate ; to occasion. 22. To set up ; to excite ; to begin by 
loud utterance. 23. To utter loudly ; to begin to sound 
or clamor. 24. To utter with more strength or elevation ; 
to swell. 25. To collect; to obtain ; to bring into a sum 
or fund. 26. To levy; to collect; to bring into service. 
27. To give rise to. 28. To cause to grow ; to procure to 
be produced, bred or propagated. Meio England. 29. To 
cause to swell, heave and become light. 30. To excite ; 
to animate with fresh vigor. 31. To ordain ; to appoint ; 
or to call to and prepare ; to furnish with gifts and qualifi- 
cations suited to a purpose ; a Scriptural sense. 32. To 
keep in remembrance. Ruth iv. 33. To cause to exist by 
propagation. Matt.xxu. 34. To incite ; to prompt. Ezra 
i, 35. To increase in intensity or strength. — 36. In sea- 
men^s language, to elevate, as an object by a gradual a;)- 
proach to it ; to bring to be seen at a greater angle. 

To raise a purchase, in seamen^s language, is to dispose in- 
struments or machines in such a manner as to exert any 
mechanical force required. — To raise a siege, is to remove 
a besieging army, and relinquish an attempt to lake tiio 
place. 

RAISED, pp. Lifted ; elevated ; exalted ; promoted ; set 
upright ; built ; made or enlarged ; produced ; enhanced ; 
excited ; restored to life ; levied , collected ; roused ; in- 
vented and propagated ; increased. 

RAIS'ER, 77 . One who raises ; that w'hich raises ; one that 
builds ; one that levies or collects ; one that begins, pro- 
duces or propagates. Bacon. Taylor. 

’f'RAIS'lN, (razn) n. [Fr., Ir. ; Arm. roesin, resin; D. 
rozipi ; G. rash?#*.] A dried grape. 

RAIS'ING,^”*- Lifting; elevating; setting upright ; edit- 
ing; producing; enhancing; restoring to life ; collecting; 
levying ; propagating, &c. 

RAIS'ING, 77. 1. The act of lifting, setting up, elevating, 
exalting, producing, or restoring to life. — 2. In JSTeio Eng- 
land, the operation or work of setting up the frame ot a 
building. 

RA'JAH, or RAHA, 7 ?. [L. rex, regis.] In India, a prince. 

Encyc. • i 

RA'JAH-SHIP, 77 . The dignity or principality of a rajah. 

RAKE, 77 . [Sax. raca, race ; G. rechen ; Ir. raca.] An in- 
strument consisting of a head-piece, in which teeth aie 
inserted, and a long handle ; used for collecting hay or 
other light things. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Til as in this. 1;Obsolete. 


RAM 


663 


RAN 


RAKE, n. [Dan. roikel.'] A loose, disorderly, vicious man ; 
a man addicted to levvdness and other scandalous vices. 
Pope. 

RAKE, n. [Sax. racaii.] 1 . The projection of the upper 
parts of a ship, at the height of the stem and stern, be- 
yond the extremities of the keel. 2 . The inclination of a 
mast from a perpendicular direction. 

RAKE, V. t. [Sax. racian ,* Sw. 7 'aka ; Dan. 1 . Prop- 

erly, to scrape ; to rub or scratch with something rough. 
2 . To gatlier with a rake. 3 . To clear with a rake j to 
smooth with a rake. 4 . To collect or draw together 
something scattered ; to gather by violence. 5 . To scour ; 
to search with eagerness all corners of a place. — 6. In the 
military art, to enfilade ; to fire in a direction with the 
length of any thing ; particularly in naval engagements, 
to rake is to cannonade a ship on the stern or head, so 
that the balls range the whole length of the deck. — To 
rake up, applied to fire, is to cover the fire with ashes. 

RAKE, V. i. 1 . To scrape 3 to scratch into for finding some- 
thing j to search minutely and meanly. 2 . To search 
with minute inspection into every part. 3 . To pass 
with violence or rapidity. 4 . To seek by raking. 5 . 
To lead a dissolute, debauched life. C. To incline from 
a perpendicular direction. 

RaKED, pp. Scraped ; gathered with a rake j cleaned with 
a rake 3 cannonaded fore and aft. 

RaKE'HELL, 71 . [Dan. rcekel.'] A lewd, dissolute fellow 3 a 
debauchee 3 a rake 

RaKE'HELL, a. Base 3 wild 3 outcast 3 worthless. Spen- 
ser. 

RaKE'HEL-LY, a. Dissolute 3 wild. B.Jonson. 

RaK'ER, n. One that rakes. 

RaKE'SHAME, 71 . A vile, dissolute wretch. Milton. 

RaKTNG, ppr. 1 . Scraping 3 gathering with a rake 3 clean- 
ing and smoothing with a rake 3 cannonading in the direc- 
tion of the length 3 inclining. 2 . a. That rakes. 

RaK'ING, 71 . 1 . The act of using a rake 3 the act or opera- 
tion of collecting with a rake, or of cleaning and smoothing 
with a rake. 2 . The space of ground raked at once 3 or 
the quantity of hay, «Stc. collected by once passing the 
rake. 

RaK'ISH, a. Given to a dissolute life 3 lewd 3 dafoauched. 

RaK'ISH-NESS, n. Dissolute practices. 

RAL'LY, V. t. [Fr. railier.] 1 . To reunite 3 to collect and 
reduce to order troops dispersed or thrown into confusion. 

2 . To collect 3 to unite 3 as things scattered. 

RAL'LY, V. t. [Fr. railier.] To treat with good humor and 

pleasantry, or with slight contempt or satire, according to 
the nature of the case. 

RAL'LY, v.i. 1 . To assemble 3 to unite. 2 . To come back 
to order. 3 . To use pleasantry or satirical merriment. 

RAL'LY, n. 1 . The act of bringing disordered troops to their 
ranks. 2 . Exercise of good humor or satirical merri- 
ment. 

RAM, n. [Sax., D. ram ; G. ramm.] 1 . The male of the 
sheep or ovine genus 3 in some parts of England called a 
tup. — 2 . In astronomy, Aries, the sign of the zodiac which 
the sun enters on the 21 st of March. 3 . An engine of 
war, used formerly for battering and demolishing the walls 
of cities 3 called a battering-ram. 

RAM, V. t. [G. rammen ; D. rammeijen j Dan. ramler.] 1 . 
To thrust or drive with violence 3 to force in 3 to drive 
down or together. 2 . To drive, as with a battering ram. 

3 . To stuff 3 to cram. 

RAM, a. Stinking. JVorth of England. 

RAM'A-DAN, n. Among tlie Mohammedans, a solemn sea- 
son of fasting. 

RAM' AGE, 71 . [L. ramus ; Fr. ramage.] 1 . Branches of 
trees 3 [06s.] 2 . The warbling of birds sitting on boughs. 
3. See Rummage. 

t RAM' AGE, a. [Old Fr. ramaage.] Wild 3 shy. Chaucer. 

RARI'BLE, V. i. [It. rarnengare.] 1 . To rove 3 to wander 3 
to walk, ride or sail from place to place, without any de- 
terminate object in view 3 or to visit many places 3 to rove 
carelessly or irregularly. 2. To go at large without re- 
straint and without direction. 3 . To move without cer- 
tain direction. 

RAM'BLE, 71 . A roving 3 a wandering 3 a going or moving 
from place to place without any determinate business or 
object 3 an irreguJar excursion. 

RAM'BLER, n. One that rambles 5 a rover 3 a wanderer. 

RAM'BLING, ppr. Roving 3 wandering 3 moving or going 
irregularly, 

RAM'BLING, n. A roving 3 irregular excursion. South. 

RAM'BOOZE, ) n. A drink made of wine, ale, eggs and 

RAM'BUSE, j sugar in winter, or of wine, milk, sugar 
and rose-water in summer. Bailey. 

RAM'E-KIN, ) 71 . [Fr. ramequin.] In cookery, small 

RAM'E-GUINS, \ slices of bread covered with a farce of 
cheese and eggs. 

RAM'ENTS, n. [L. rainciita.] 1 . Scrapings 3 shavings 3 [0&5.] 
— 2 . In botany, loose scales on the stems of plants. Linne. 

Ra'ME-OUS, a. [L. ramus.] In botany, belonging to a 
branch 3 growing on or shooting from a branch. Lee. 


RAM-I-FI-€a'TION, 71 . [Fr.] 1 . The process of branching 
or shooting branches from a stem. 2 . A branch 3 a small 
division proceeding from a main stock or channel. 3 . A 
division or subdivision. — 4 . In botany, the manner in 
which a tree produces its branches or boughs. 5 . The 
production of figures resembling branches. Encyc. 

RAM'I-FiED, pp. Divided into branches. 

RAM'I-FY, V. t. [Fr. ramificr.] To divide into branches or 
parts. 

RAM'I-FY, V. i. 1 . To shoot into branches, as the stem of a 
plant. 2. To be divided or subdivided. 

RAM'I-FY-ING, ppr. Shooting into branches or divisions. 

RAM'ISH, a. [Dan. raTU.] Rank 3 strong-scented. 

RAM'ISH-NESS, n. Rankness 3 a strong scent. 

RAMMED, pp. [See Ram.] Driven forcibly. 

RAM'MER, n. 1 . One that rams or drives. 2 . An instru- 
ment for driving any thing with force. 3 . A gun-stick 5 
a ramrod 3 a rod for forcing down the charge of a gun. 

RAM'MING, ppr. Driving with force. 

RAM'MY, a. Like a ram 3 strong-scented. Burton. 

RA-MOON', 71 . A tree of America. 

Ra'MOUS, a. [L. ramosus.] 1 . In botany, branched, as a 
stem or root 3 having lateral divisions. 2 . Branchy 3 con- 
sisting of branches 3 full of branches. 

RAMP, v.i. [Yt.ramper ; It. rampa,rampare.] 1 . To climb, 
as a plant 3 to creep up. 2 . To spring 3 to leap 3 to bound 5 
to prance 3 to frolick. In this sense usually written and 
pronounced romp. 

RAMP, 71 . A leap 3 a spring 3 a bound. Milton. 

RAM-PALL'IAN, 71 . A mean wretch. Shak. 

RAMP'AN-CY, 71 . Excessive growth or practice 3 excessive 

prevalence 3 exuberance 3 extravagance. South. 

RAMP' ANT, a. [Fr.] 1 . Overgrowing the usual bounds 5 
rank in growth 3 exuberant. 2 . Overleaping restraint. — 
3 . In heraldry, applied to the lion, leopard or other beast, 
rampant denotes the animal reared and standing on his 
hind legs, in the posture of climbing. 

RAM'PART, 71 . [Fr. rempart.] I. In fortification, an eleva- 
tion or mound of earth round a place, capable of resisting 
cannon shot, and formed into bastions, curtains, &c. 2. 
That which fortifies and defends from assault 3 that which 
secures safety. 

t RAM'PART, V. t. To fortify with ramparts. Shak. 

RAM'PI-ON, 71 . [from ramp.] The name of several plants. 

t RAMP'IRE, 71 . The same as rampart. 

RAM'SONS, 71 . A plant, a species of allium. 

RAN, the pret. of run. In old writers, open robbery. 

RAN-CES'CENT, a. [L. ranceo.] Becoming rancid or sour. 

I RANCH, V. t. [corrupted from wrench.] To sprain 3 to in- 
jure by violent straining or contortion. Dryden. 

RAN'CID, a. [L. rancidus.] Having a rank smell 3 strong- 
scented 3 sour 3 musty. Arbuthnot. 

RAN-CID'I-TY, ) 71 . The quality of being rancid 3 a strong, 

RAN'CID-NESS, 1 sour scent, as of old oil. 

RAN'COR, 71 . [L.] 1 . The deepest malignity or spite 3 deep- 
seated and implacable malice 3 inveterate enmity. 2. 
Virulence 3 corruption. 

RAN'€OR-OUS, a. Deeply malignant 3 implacably spiteful 
or malicious 3 intensely virulent. 

RAN'€OR-OUS-LY, adv. With deep malignity or spiteful 
malice. 

RAND, 71 . [G., D., Dan. rand.] A border ; edge 3 margin 3 
as the rand of a shoe. 

RAN'DOM, 71 . [Norm., Sax. randun.] I. A roving motion or 
course without direction 3 hence, want of direction, rule 
or method 3 hazard 3 chance 3 used in the phrase at ran- 
dom, that is, without a settled point of direction. 2. 
Course 3 motion 3 progression 3 distance of a body thrown. 

RAN'DOM, a. I. Done at hazard or without settled aim or 
purpose 3 left to chance 2. Uttered or done without pre- 
vious calculation. 

RAN'DOM-SHOT, n. A shot not directed to a point, or a 
shot with the muzzle of the gun elevated above a hori- 
zontal line. Mar. Diet. 

RAN'DY, a. Disorderly 3 riotous. [Local.] Grose. 

RANE, ) n. [Sax. hrana ; Fr. renne ; D. rendier ; G. 

RaNE'DEER, \ rennthier.] A species of deer found in the 

northern parts of Europe and Asia. 

RAN'FoRCE, n. The ring of a gun next to the vent. 

RANG, the old pret. of ring. [Meai'ly obsolete.] 

RANGE, V. t. [Fr. ranger.] 1 . To set in a row or in rows 3 

to place in a regular line, lines or ranks 3 to dispose in the 
proper order. 2 . To dispose in proper classes, orders or 
divisions. 3 . To dispose in a proper manner 3 to place in 
regular method. 4 . To rove over 3 to pass over. 5 . To 
sail or pass in a direction parallel to or near. 

RANGE, V. i. 1 . To rove at large 3 to wander without re- 
straint or direction. 2 . To be placed in order 3 to be 
ranked. 3 . To lie in a particular direction. 4 . To sail 
or pass near or in the direction of. 

RANGE, n. [Fr. rangee.] 1 . A row 3 a rank 3 things in a 
line 3 as a range of buildings. 2 . A class 3 an order. 3 . 
A wandering or roving 3 excursion. 4 . Space or room for 
excursion. 5 . Compass or extent of excursion 3 space 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0 , U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3— | Obsolete. 


RAN 


G69 


RAP 


taken in by any thing extended or ranked in order. 6 . 
The step of a ladder. 7. A kitchen grate. 8 . A bolting- 
sieve to sift meal. — 9. In giLnner,y, the path of a bullet or 
bomb, or the line it describes from the mouth of the piece 
to the point where it lodges 3 or the wliole distance which 
it passes. 

llAx\(iEU, pp. Disposed in a row or line ; placed in order; 
passed in roving ; placed in a particular direction. 

RaNO'ER, n. 1. One that ranges ; arover; arobber; [L 7 t.] 
a. A dog that beats the ground. — 3. In England^ a sworn 
olticer of a forest, whose business is to walk through the 
forest, watch the deer, &c. 

RAi\G'ER-SH1P, n. The office of the keeper of a forest. 

RaNO'ING, ppr. Placing in a row or line ; disposing in or- 
der, method or classes ; roving ; passing near and in the 
direction of. 

RaNG'ING, n. The act of placing in lines or in order; a 
roving, &c. 

RANK, n. \lr.rancj W.rhenc; Arm. rewcg ,• Yx.rang.'] 
1. A row or line, applied to troops ; aline of men standing 
abreast or side by side, and, as opposed to file, a line run- 
ning the length of a company, battalion or regiment. 2 . 
Ranks, in the plural, the order of common soldiers. 3. A 
row ; a line of things, or things in a line. 4. Degree ; 
grade ; in inilitary affairs ,* as the rank of captain. 5. 
Degree of elevation in civil life or station ; the order of 
elevation or of subordination. 6. Class ; order ; division ; 
any portion or number of things to which place, degree 
or order is assigned. 7. Degree of dignity, eminence or 
excellence. 8 . Dignity ; high place or degree in the or- 
ders of men. — Rank and file, the order of common soldiers. 
— fill the ranks, to supply the whole number, or a com- 
petent number. — To take rank, to enjoy precedence, or to 
have the right of taking a higher place. 

RANK, a. [!Sax. ranc Sp., It. rancio ; E. rancidus.] 1. 
Luxuriant in growth ; being of vigorous growth. 2. Caus- 
ing vigorous growth ; producing luxuriantly ; very rich 
and fertile. 3. Strong-scented. 4. Rancid ; musty. 5. 
Inflamed with venereal appetite. 6 . Strong to the taste ; 
high-tasted. 7. Rampant ; high-grown ; raised to a liigh 
degree ; excessive. 8 . Gross ; coarse. 9. Strong ; clinch- 
ing. 10. Excessive ; exceeding the actual value. — To set 
rank, as the iron of a plane, to set it so as to take off a 
thick shaving. 

RANK, V. t. 1. To place abreast or in a line. 2. To place 
in a particular class, order or division. 3. To dispose 
methodically ; to place in suitable order. 

RANK, V. i. 1. To be ranged ; to be set or disposed ; as in a 
particular degree, class, order or division. 2. To be placed 
in a rank or ranks. 3. To have a certain grade or de- 
gree of elevation in the orders of civil or military life. 

RANKED, pp. Placed in a line ; disposed in an order or 
class ; arranged methodically. 

RANK'ER, n. One that disposes in ranks ; one that ar- 
ranges. 

RAxVKTNG, ppr. Placing in ranks or lines ; arranging ; 
disposing in orders or classes ; having a certain rank or 
grade. 

RAN'KLE, V. i. 1. To grow more rank or strong ; to be in- 
flamed ; to fester. 2. To become more violent ; to be in- 
flamed ; to rage. 

RANK'D Y, ado. 1. With vigorous growth. 2. Coarsely; 
grossly. 

RANK'NESS, n. 1. Vigorous growth ; luxuriance ; exuber- 
ance. 2. Exuberance ; excess ; extravagance. 3. Extra- 
ordinary strength. 4. Strong taste. 5. Rancidness ; rank 
smell. 6 . Excessiveness. 

RAN'NY, n. The shrew-mouse. Brown. 

RAN'SACK, V. t. [Dan. randsager ,* Sw. ransaka ; Gaelic, 
rmisuchadh.] 1. To plunder ; to pillage completely ; to 
strip by plundering. 2. To search thoroughly ; to enter 
and search every place or part. 3. To violate ; to ravish ; 
[065.] 

RAN'SACKED, pp. Pillaged ; searched narrowly. 

RAN'SACK-ING, ppr. Pillaging ; searching narrowly. 

RAN'SOM, n. [Dan. ranzon ; Sw. ranson ; G. raniion ; 
Norm, raancon ; Fr. rangon.] 1. The money or price paid 
for the redemption of a prisoner or slave, or for goods cap- 
tured by an enemy. 2. Release from captivity, bondage 
or the possession of an enemy.— 3. In Imo, a sum paid for 
the pardon of some great offense and the discharge of the 
offender ; or a fine paid in lieu of corporal punishment.— 
4. In Scripture, the price paid for a forfeited life, or for 
delivery or release from capital punishment. 5. The 
price paid for procuring the pardon of sins and the re- 
demption of the sinner from punishment. 

RAN'SoM, V. t. [Sw. ransonera ,* Dan. ranzoncrer ; Fr. 
rango 7 iner.] 1. To redeem from captivity or punishment 
by paying an equivalent. 2. To redeem from the posses- 
sion of an enemy by paying a price deemed equivalent. 
— 3. In Scripture, to redeein from the bondage of sin, and 
from the punishment to which sinners are subjected by the 
divine law. 4. To rescue ; to deliver. IIos. xiii. 

RAN'SoMED, pp. Redeemed or rescued from captivity. 


* See Synopsis. 


bondage or punishment by the payment of an equiva- 
lent. 

RAN'SoM-ER, n. One that redeems. 

RAN'S 6 M-ING, ppr. Redeeming from captivity, bondage 
or punishment by giving satisfaction to the possessor ; 
rescuing; liberating. 

RAN'S 6 M-LESS, a. Free from ransom. Shak. 

RANT, V. i. [W. rhonta.] To rave in violent, high-sound- 
ing or extravagant language, without correspondent dig- 
nity of thought; to be noisy and boisterous in words or 
declamation. 

RANT, n. High-sounding language without dignity of 
thought ; boisterous, empty declamation. 

RANT'ER, n. A noisy talker ; a boisterous preacher. 

RANT'ING, ppr. Uttering high-sounding words without 
solid sense ; declaiming or preaching with boisterous, 
empty words. 

RANT'I-POLE, a. Wild; roving; rakish. \^A low word.'\ 
Congreve. 

RANT'I-POLE, V. i. To run about wildly. [Z-ozr.] .^rbutJi. 

RANT'ISM, n. The practice or tenets of ranters. 

RANT'Y, a. Wild ; noisy ; boisterous. 

RAN'U-LA, n. [L. rana.] A swelling under the tongue, 
similar to the encysted tumors in diflerent parts of the 
body. 

RA-NUN'eU-LUS, n. [L.] In botany, crowfoot, a genus of 
plants. 

RAP, r. t. [Sax. hrepan, hreppan, repan; L. rapio ; Sw. 
rappa.'\ To strike with a quick, sharp blow ; to knock. 

RAP, V. t. To strike with a quick blow ; to knock. — Torap 
out, to utter with sudden violence. Addison. 

RAP, V. t. 1. To seize and bear away, as the mind or 

. thoughts ; to transport out of one’s self ; to affect with 
ecstasy or rapture. 2. To snatch or hurry away. 3. To 
seize by violence. 4. To exchange ; to truck ; [low, and 
not used.~\ — To rap and rend, to seize and tear or strip ; to 
fall on and plunder ; to snatch by violence. 

RAP, n. A quick, smart blow ; as a rap on the knuckles. 

RA-Pa'CIOUS, a. [L. rapax.'j 1. Given to plunder; dis- 
posed or accustomed to seize by violence ; seizing by 
force. 2. Accustomed to seize for food ; subsisting 011 
prey or animals seized by violence. 

RA-Pa'CIOUS-LY, adv. By rapine ; by violent robbery or 
seizure. 

RA-Pa'CIOUS-NESS, n. The quality of being rapacious ; 
disposition to plunder or to exact by oppression. 

RA-PAC'I-TY, 71. [Fr. rapacite ; L. rapacitas.] 1. Addict- 
edness to plunder ; the exercise of plunder ; the act or 
practice of seizing by force. 2. Ravenousness. 3. The 
act or practice of extorting or exacting by oppressive in- 
justice. 

RAPE, n. [1 j. rapio, raptus ; It. ratto ; Fr. rapL] 1. In a 
general sense, a seizing by violence ; also, a seizing and 
carrying away by force, as females. — 2. In law, the carnal 
knowledge of a woman forcibly and against her will. 
Blackstone. 3. Privation ; the act of seizing or taking 
away. 4. Something taken or seized and carried away. 
5. Fruit plucked from the cluster. 6 . A division of a 
county in Sussex, in England ; or an intermediate di- 
vision between a hundred and a shire, and containmg 
three or four hundreds. 

RAPE, n. [Ir. raib ; L. rapa, rapum ; Gr. partvg ; D. 7 *aap.] 
A plant of the genus brassica. 

+ RAPE, V. i. To commit a rape. Heywood. 

RaPE'ROOT. See Rape. 

RaPE'SEED, 71. The seed of the rape, from which oil is ex- 
pressed. 

RAP'ID, a. [L. rapidus.] I. Very swift or quick; moving 
with celerity. 2. Advancing with haste or speed ; speedy 
in progression. 3. Of quick utterance of words. 

RAP'ID, or RAP'IDS, n. The part of a river where the 
current moves with more celerity than the common cur- 
rent. — Rapids imply a considerable descent of the earth, 
but not sufficient to occasion a fall of the water, or what 
is called a cascade or cataract. 

RA-PID'I-TY, 71. [E.rapiditas ; Yr.rapidite.'] 1. Swiftness; 
celerity ; velocity. 2. Haste in utterance. 3. Quick- 
ness of progression or advance. 

RAP'ID-LA^, adv. 1. With great speed, celerity or velocity ; 
swiftly ; with quick progression. 2. With quick utter- 
ance. 

RAP'ID-NESS, w. Swiftness; speed; celerity; rapidity. 

Ra'PI-ER, 71 . [Fr. rapiere ; Ir. roipeir.] A small sword used 
only in thrusting. Pope. 

Ra'PI-ER-FISH, n. The sword-fish. Grew. 

RA^Al’lO I Pulverized volcanic substances. 

RAPdNE, 71 . [Fr. ; L. rapina.] 1. The act of plundering ; 
the seizing and carrying away of things by force. 2. Vio- 
lence ; force. » 

RAP'iNE, V. t. To plunder. „ , . 

RAP-PA-REE', 71 . A wild Irish plunderer; so called from 
rapery, a half-pike that he carries. 7 odd. 

RAP-PEE', 71 . A coarse kind of snuff. 

t Obsolete. 


MOVE, BOOK, Dove”;- BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 


RAB 


670 


RAT 


RAPTER, w. [fVom rap.] 1. One that raps or knocks. 2. 

TJie knocker of a door. 3. An oath or a lie j [065.] 
t RAPToRT, 71. [Fr.J Relation ; proportion. 

RAPT, pp. [from rap.] Transported ; ravished, 
t RAPT, V. t. To transport or ravish. Chapman. 

RAPT, 71. 1. An ecstasy ; a trance. 2. Rapidity ; [a&5.] 
RAP'TER, ) 71. [L. raptar.l A ravisher ; a plunderer, Dray- 
RAP'TOR, i ton. 

RAPT'URE, 71. [L.raptus.l ]. A seizing by violence ; [Lw.] 

2. Transport ; ecstasy ; violence of a pleasing passion 5 
extreme joy or pleasure. 3. Rapidity witli violence; a 
hurrying along with velocity. 4. Enthusiasm ; uncom- 
mon heat of imagination. 

RAPT'URED, a. Ravished ; transported. Thomson. 
RAPT'U-RIST, 71. An enthusiast. Spenser. 
RAPT'U-ROUS, a. Ecstatic ; transporting ; ravishing. 
RARE, a. [L. rarus ; Sp., Port., It. raro ; Fr rare.] 1. Un- 
common ; not frequent. 2. Unusually excellent ; valuable 
to a degree seldom found. 3. Thinly scattered. 4. Thin ; 
porous ; not dense. 5. [Sax. hrcre.] Nearly raw ; im- 
perfectly roasted or boiled. Dryden. 

Ra'REE-SHoW, n. [rare and 5/iaza.] A show carried in a 
box. Pope. 

RAR-E-FAC'TION, n. [Fr.] The act or process of expand- 
ing or distending bodies, by separating the parts and ren- 
dering the bodies more rare or porous, by which operation 
they appear under a larger bulk, or require more room, 
without an accession of new matter; opposed to conden- 
sation. Encyc. 

RAR'E-Fi-A-BLE, a. Capable of being rarefied. 
RAR'E-FY, V. t. [Fr. rarejier ; L. rarefacio.] To make 
thin and porous or less dense ; to expand or enlarge a body 
withoutadding to it any new portion of its own matter. 
RAR'E-FY, V. i. To become thin and porous. Dryden. 
RAR'E-FY-ING, ppr. Making thin or less dense. 
RARE'LY, ady» 1, Seldom ; not often ; as, things rarely 
seen. 2. Finely ; nicely ; [little used.] Shale. 
RARE'NESS, ?». 1. The state of being uncommon ; uncom- 
monness ; infrequency. 2. Value arising from scarcity. 

3. Thinness ; tenuity. 4. Distance from each other ; 
thinness. 

RARE'RIPE, a. [Sax. arceran.] Early ripe ; ripe before 
others, or before the usual season. 

RARE RIPE, 71. An early fruit, particularly a kind of peach 
which ripens early. 

^ RAR'I-TY, 71. [Fr. raret^ ; Ti.raritas.] 1. Uncommon- 
ness ; infrequency. 2. A thing valued for its scarcity. 
3. Thinness ; tenuity ; opposed to density. 

RAS'GAL, n. [Sax.] A mean fellow ; a scoundrel ; in 
modern usage, a trickish, dishonest fellow : a rogue. 
RAS^GAL, a. 1. Lean ; as, a rascal deer. 2. Mean ; low. 
RAS-€AL'ION, n. A low, mean wretch. Hudibras. 
RAS-CAL'I-TY, n. 1. The low, mean people. South. 2. 

Mean trickislmess or dishonesty ; base fraud. 

RAS GAL-LY, a. 1. Meanly trickish or dishonest ; vile. 

2. Mean ; vile ; base ; worthless. Swift. 

*RASE, V. t. [Fr. raser ; Sp., Port, ra^ar.] 1. To pass 
along the surface of a thing, with striking or rubbing it at 
the same time ; [o^/.s-.] 2. To erase ; to scratch or rub out ; 
or to blot out ; to cancel. 3. To level with the ground ; 
to overthrow ; to destroy. 

t R ASE, n. 1. A cancel ; erasure. 2. A slight wound. 
RASH, a. [D., G. rasch ; Sw., Dan. rash.] 1. Hasty in 
council or action ; precipitate ; resolving or entering on a 
project or measure without due deliberation and caution, 
and thus encountering unnecessary hazard. 2. Uttered 
or undertaken with too much haste or too little reflection. 

3. Requiring haste ; urgent. 4. Quick; sudden; [oZ»s.] 
RASH, n. Corn so dry as to fall out with handling. [Local.] 
RASH, 71. [It. rascia.] 1. Satin. 2. An eruption or efflo- 
rescence on the body. 

RASH, y. t. [It. raschiare W. rh&sg.] To slice ; to cut in- 
to pieces ; to divide. Spenser. 

RASH ER, 71. A thin slice of bacon ; a thin cut. Shah. 
jRASIFLlNG, 71. One who acts without caution or reflec- 
tion. 

RASH'LY, adv. With precipitation; hastily; without due 
deliberation. L'^ Estrange. 

RASH'NESS, 71. 1. Too much haste in resolving or in un- 
dertaking a measure ; precipitation ; inconsiderate readi- 
ness or promptness to decide or act. 2. The quality of be- 
ing uttered or done without due deliberation. 

RaSP, 71. [Sw., D. rasp; G. raspel ; Dan. 7 -aspe.] 1. A 

large, rough file ; a grater. 2. A raspberry, which see. 
RASP, ?). t. [D. raspen ; Dan. rasper ; Sw. raspa.] To rub 
or file with a rasp ; to rub or grate with a rough file. 
RaS'PA-TO-RY, 71. a surgeon’s rasp. Wiseman. 

* RaSP'BER-RY, (ris'ber-ry) 7/. [G. kratzbeere.] The fruit 
of a bramble or species of rubus ; a berry growing on a 
prickly plant. 

RASP/BER-RY-BySII, n. The bramble producing raspber- 
ries. 

RASP'ER, 71. A scraper. Sherwood. 

RAvS'URE, (ra'zhur) n. [L. rasura.] 1. The act of scraping 


or shaving ; the act of erasing. 2. Tlie mark by which 
a letter, word or any part of a writing is erased, effaced or 
obliterated ; an erasure. 

RAT, 71. [Sax. rcet ; D. rat ; G. ratze ; Fr. rat.] A small 
quadruped of the genus 77 ms. — To smell a rat, to be sus- 
picious ; to be on the watch from suspicion. 

RaT'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be rated, or set at a certain 
value. Camden. 2. Liable or subjected by law to taxation. 
Stat. of Conti. 

RaT'A-BLY, adv. By rate or proportion ; proportionally. 

RAT-A-Fi A', (rat-a-fee') n. [Sp.] A fine spirituous liquor, 
prepared from the kernels of several kinds of fruits, par- 
ticularly of cherries, apricots and peaches. 

RAT-AN', 71. [Malay, rotaii ; Java, rottang.] A small cane, 
the growth of India. 

RAT'-CATCH-ER, 71. One who makes it his business to 
catch rats. 

RATCH, 71. In clock work, a sort of wheel having twelve 
fangs, which serve to lift the detents every hour and 
thereby cause the clock to strike. 

RATCIPET, 71. In a watch, a small tooth at the bottom of 
the fusee or barrel, which stops it in winding up. 

RATCHHL, 71. Among miners, fragments of stone. 

RATE, 71. [Norm, rate ; L. ratus.] 1. The proportion or 
standard by which quantity or value is adjusted. 2. 
Trice or amount stated or fixed on any thing. 3. Settled 
allowance. 4. Degree ; comparative lieight or value. 5. 
Degree in which any thing is done. 6. Degree of value ; 
price. 7. A tax or sum assessed by authority on property 
for public use, according to its income or value ; as parish 
rates. — 8. In the navy, the order or class of a ship, accord- 
ing to its magnitude or force. 

RATE, v.t. ] . To set a certain value on ; to value at a cer- 
tain price or degree of excellence. 2. To fix the magni- 
tude, force or order, as of ships. 

RATE, v.i. 1. To be set or considered in a class, as a ship. 
2. To make an estimate. 

RATE, V. t. [Sw. rata, rijta ; Ice. reita.] To chide with ve- 
hemence ; to reprove ; to scold ; to censure violently. 
Shale. 

RaT'ED, pp. 1. Set at a certain value , estimated ; set in a 
certain order or rank. 2. Chid ; reproved. 

RaT'ER, 71. One who sets a value on or makes an estimate. 

f RATH, 71. [Ir. rath.] A hill. Spenser. 

I RATH, a. [Sax. rath, rwthe, hreeth, hrathe.] Early ; com- 
ing before others, or before the usual time. Miltoii. 

* RATH'ER, ado. [Sax. rathor, hrathor ; comp, of rath.] 1. 
More readily or willingly ; with better liking ; with pref- 
erence or choice. 2. In preference ; preferably ; with bet- 
ter reason. 3. In a greater degree than otherwise. 4. 
More properly ; more correctly speaking. 5. Noting some 
degree of contrariety in fact. — The rather, especially ; for 
better reason ; for particular cause. — Had rather is sup- 
posed to be a corruption of would rather. 

RATH'OF-FITE, 71. A mineral brought from Sweden. 

RAT-I-FI-Ca'TION, 71. [Fr.] 1. The act of ratifying ; con- 
firmation. 2. The act of giving sanction and validity to 
sometlfing done by another. 

RAT'I-FTED, pp. Confirmed ; sanctioned ; made valid. 

RATT-FI-ER, 71. He or that which ratifies or sanctions. 

RATT-Fy, V. t. [Fr. ratifier.] 1. To confirm ; to establish ; 
to settle. 2. To approve and sanction ; to make valid. 

RAT'I-Fy-ING, ppr. Confirming ; establishing ; approving 
and sanctioning. 

RaT'ING, ppr. [from rate.] 1. Setting at a certain value ; 
assigning rank to ; estimating. 2. Chiding; reproving. 

Ra'TIO, (ra'sho) n. [L.] Proportion, or the relation of ho- 
mogeneous things which determines the quantity of one 
from the quantity of another, without the intervention of 
a third. 

* Ra'TI-O-CI-NATE, v.i. [Lt. ratiocinor.] To reason; to 
argue. [Little used.] 

* RA-TI-O-CI-Na'TION, 71. [~L. ratiocinatio.] The act or 
process of reasoning, or of deducing consequences from 
premises. South. 

'f' RA-TI-OCM-NA-TiVE, a. Argumentative; consisting in 
the comparison of propositions or facts, and the deduction 
of inferences from the comparison. [Little tised.] 

Ra'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. ratio.] A portion or fixed allowance 
of provisions, drink and forage, assigned to each soldier 
in an army for his daily subsistence and for the subsist- 
ence of horses. 

^ Ra'TION-AL, a. [Fr. rationnel ; It. raziotiale ; L. ration- 
aZis.] 1. Having reason or the faculty of reasoning ; en- 
dowed with reason. 2. Agreeable to reason. 3. Agree- 
able to reason ; not extravagant. 4. Acting in conformity 
to reason ; wise ; judicious. 

* Ra'TION-AL, 71. A rational being. Young. 
RA-TION-a'LE, 71. 1. A detail with reasons ; a series of 
reasons assigned. 2. An account or solution of the prin- 
ciples of some opinion, action, hypothesis, phenomenon, 
&c. 

* Ra'TION-AL-IST, 71. One who proceeds in his disquisi- 
tions and practice wholly upon reason. Bacon. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f ObsoleU. 


RE 


RAV 671 


*RA-TION-AL'I-TY, n. 1. The power of reasoning. 2. 
Reasonableness. 

* RA'TrON-AL-LY, adv. In consistency with reason 3 rea- 
sonably. 

* Ra'T 10N-AL-NESS, n. The state of being rational or con- 
sistent with reason. 

RAT/LIN, I 71. A small line traversing the shrouds of a 

RAT'LINE, j ship, making the step of a ladder for as- 
cending to the mast-heads. 

RAT-OON', 71. [Sp. 7'ecorio.] A sprout from the root of the 
sugar cane, which has been cut. Edwards^ W. Ind. 

R A'i'S'RANE, 71. Poison for rats ; arsenic. Sv,nft. 

RATS'BaNED, fl. Poisoned by ratsbane Junius. 

RAT'-TaIL, 71. In farriery, an excrescence growing from 
the pastern to the middle of the shank of a horse. 

RAT-TEEN^, n. [Sp. 7*atwa.] A thick woolen stuff quilled 
or twilled. 

RAT-TI-NET', ??. A woolen stuff thinner than ratteen. 

RAT'TLE, i. \Jd. ratelc7i, reutelen^ G. 7'asse/n.] 1. To 
make a quick, sharp noise rapidly repeated, by the colli- 
sion of bodies not very sonorous. 2. To speak eagerly and 
noisily ; to utter words in a clattering manner. 

RAT'TLE, V. t. 1. To cause to make a rattling sound or a 
rapid succession of sharp sounds. 2. To stun with noise ; 
to drive with sharp sounds rapidly repeated. 3. To scold j 
to rail at clamorously. 

RAT'TLE, 71. 1. A rapid succession of sharp, clattering 
sounds. 2. A rapid succession of words sharply uttered j 
loud, rapid talk ; clamorous chiding. 3. An instrument 
with which a clattering sound is made. 4. A plant, louse- 
wort. — Yellow rattle, a plant of tlie genus rhinanthus. 

RAT'TLE-IIEAD-ED, a. Noisy ; giddy ; unsteady. 

RAT'TLEi?, 71. plu. The popular name of the croup, or 
cynanchc trachealis. 

RAT'TLE-SNAKE, 71 . A snake that has rattles at the tail, 
of the genus crotalus. 

RAT^TLE-SNAKE-ROOT, 71 . A plant or root. 

RATfTLE-SNAKE-WEED, 77. A plant. 

RAT'TLING, ppr. Making a quick succession of sharp 
sounds. 

RAT'TLTNG, n. A rapid succession of sharp sounds. 

RAT-TOON', 71. A West Indian fox. 

RAU'CI-TY, 71. [L. 7’aucus.'\ 1. Hoarseness; a loud, rough 
sound. — 2. Among physicians, hoarseness of the human 
voice. 

t RAU'GOUS, a. Hoarse ; harsh. 

t R AUGHT. The old participle reach. 

RAUNCH. See Wrench. 

R AUT, V. i. To bellow ; to roar. See Rout. 

RAVAGE, 71. [Fr.] 1. Spoil; ruin; waste; destruction 

by violence, either by men, beasts or physical causes. 2. 
Waste ; ruin ; destruction by decay. 

RAV'AGE, V. t. [Fr. ravaaer.] 1. To spoil ; to plunder ; 
to pillage ; to sack. 2. To lay waste by any violent force. 
3. To waste or destroy by eating. 

RAV' AG ED, pp. Wasted ; destroyed ; pillaged. 

RAV'A-GER, 71. A plunderer ; a spoiler ; he or that which 
lays waste. Swift. 

RAV'A-GING, ppr. Plundering ; pillaging ; laying waste. 

RAVE, V. i. [D. revclen ; Sp. rahiar ; Port. raivar.'\ 1. To 
wander in mind or intellect ; to be delirious ; to talk irra- 
tionally ; to be wild. 2. To utter furious exclamations ; 
to be furious or raging, as a madman. 3. To dote ; to be 
unreasonably fond ; followed by upon. 

RAVE, 71. The upper side-piece of timber of the body of a 
cart. J\Tew Enula7id. 

RAv'^'EL, (rav'l) v. t. [D. raaffele7i and ravele7i.'] 1. To en- 
tangle ; to entwist together ; to make intricate ; to involve ; 
to perplex. 2. To untwist ; to unweave or unknot ; to 
disentangle. 3. To hurry or run over in confusion ; [065.] 

RAV'EL, (rav'l) v. i. 1. To fall into perplexity and confu- 
sion. 2. 3’o work in perplexities ; to busy one’s self with 
intricacies ; to enter by winding and turning. 3. To be 
unwoven. 

RAV’''ELED, pp. Twisted together ; made intricate ; disen- 
tangled. 

RAV'EU-IN, 77. [Fr. ; It. ravellino.'] In fortification, a 
detached work with two faces which make a salient an- 
gle, without any flanks, and raised before the counter- 
scarf) of the place. 

RAV'EL-ING, ppr. Twisting or weaving ; untwisting ; dis- 
entangling. 

Ra'VEN, (ra'vn) 77. [S'diX. hrmfn, hrefn, ox reefn.'] A large 
fowl of a black color, of the genus corvus. 

R AV'EN, (rav'n) v. t. [G. rauben ; Dan. ro7^er ; Sa.x. rcafi- 
a/7.] 1. To devour with great eagerness ; to eat with vo- 

racity. 2. To obtain by violence. 

RAV'EN, (r.av'n) v. i. To prey with rapacity. Oen. xlix. 

RAV'EN, (rav'n) n. 1. Prey ; plunder ; food obtained by vi- 
olence. A'ah. ii. 2. Rapine ; rapacity. Ray. 

RAV'ENED, pp. Devoured with voracity. 

R AV'EN-ER, 71. One that ravens or plunders. Goiocr. 

RAV'EN-ING, ppr. Preying with rapacity. 

RAV'EN-ING, 71. Eagerness for plunder. L7ike xi. 


RAV'EN-OUS, a. 1. Furiously voracious ; hungry even tc 
rage ; devouring with rapacious eagerness. 2. Eager for 
prey or gratification. 

RAV'EN-OUS-LY, adv. With raging voracity. BuTniet. 

RAV'EN-OUS-NEPS, n. Extreme voracity ; rage for prey. 

Ra'VEN’S DUGK, 71. [G. ravenstuch.] A species of sail- 
cloth. Tooke. 

RaV'ER, 71. One that raves or is furious. 

RAV'ET, 77. An insect shaped like a cockchaffer. 

RAV'IN. See Raven. 

t RAV'IN, a. Ravenous. Shak. 

RAV'IN, } 71. [Fr. ravm,] A long, deep hollow, worn by 

RA-VlNE', ^ a stream or torrent of water ; hence, any 
^ong, deep hollow or pass through mountains, &c. 

RaV'ING, ppr. or a. Furious with delirium; mad; dis- 
tracted, 

RaV'ING-LY, adv. With furious wildness or frenzy ; with 
distraction. Sidney. 

RAV'ISH, V. t. [Fr. ravir.~\ 1. To seize and carry away by 
violence. 2. To have carnal knowledge of a woman by 
force and against her consent. Is. xiii. 3. To bear away 
with joy or delight ; to delight to ecstasy ; to transport. 

RAV'ISHED, pp. Snatched away by violence ; forced to 
submit to carnal embrace ; delighted to ecstasy. 

RAV'ISH-ER, 71. 1. One that takes by violence. Pope. 2. 
One that forces a woman to his carnal embrace. 3. One 
that transports with delight. 

RAV'ISH-ING, ppr. 1. Snatching or taking by violence ; 
compelling to submit to carnal intercourse ; delighting to 
ecstasy. 2. a. Delighting to rapture ; transporting. 

RAV'ISH-ING, 71. 1. A seizing and carrying away by vio- 
lence. 2. Carnal knowledge by force against consent. 
3. Ecstatic delight ; transport. 

RAV ISH-ING-LY, adv. To extremity of delight. 

RAV'ISH-MENT, n. 1. The act of forcing a woman to car- 
nal connection ; forcible violation of chastity. 2. Rapture ; 
transport of delight ; ecstasy ; pleasing violence on the 
mind or senses. 3. The act of carrying away ; abduction. 

RAW, a. [Sax. hreaw, rea70 j D. raauw ; G. ro/i.l 1. Not 
altered from its natural state ; not roasted, boiled or cook- 
ed ; not subdued by heat. 2. Not covered with skin ; 
bare, as flesh. 3. Sore. 4. Immature ; unripe ; not con- 
cocted. 5. Not altered by heat ; not cooked or dressed ; 
being in its natural state. 6. Unseasoned ; unexperienced ; 
unripe in skill. 7. New ; untried. 8. Bleak ; chilly ; cold, 
or rather cold and damp. 9. Not distilled ; [06s.] 10. 
Not spun or twisted; as, raw silk. 11. Not mixed or 
adulterated. 12. Bare of flesh. 13. Not tried or melted 
and strained. 14. Not tanned ; as, ra7c hides. 

RAW'-BoNED, a. Having little flesh on the bones. Shak. 

RAW'HEAD, 71. The name of a spectre, mentioned to 
frighten children. Dr7jden. 

RAW'ISH, a. Somewhat raw; cool and damp. [L. used.'] 

RAW'LY, adv. 1. In a raw manner. 2. Unskillfully ; 
without experience. 3. Newly. Shak. 

RAW'NESS, 71. 1. The state of being raw ; uncooked ; un- 
altered by heat. 2. Unskillfulness ; state of being inex- 
perienced. 3. Hasty manner. 4. Chilliness with damp- 
ness. 

RAY, 71. [Fr. raie, rayon', Sp., Port, ra 7/0.] 1. A line of 

light, or the right line supposed to be described by a par- 
ticle of light. A collection of parallel rays constitutes a 
beam. — 2. Figuratively, a beam of intellectual light. 3. 
Light ; lustre. — 4. In bota7iy, the outer part or circum- 
ference of a compound radiate flower. — 5. In ichthyology, 
a bony or cartilaginous ossicle in the fins of fishes, serving 
to support the membrane. 6. A plant, lolium. 7. Ray, 
for array ; [065.] Spc7iser. — Pencil of rays, a number of 
rays of light issuing from a point and diverging. 

RAY, 71. [Fr. raie ; Sp. raya ; G. roche.] A fish. 

RAY, V. t. 1. To streak ; to mark with long lines. 2. To 
foul ; to beray ; [065.] 3. To array ; [oZ»s.] 4. To shoot 
forth. 

RaY'LESS, a. Destitute of light ; dark ; not illuminated. 
Young. 

RAZE, 71. A root. 

RAZE, V. t. [Fr. raser ; L. ra5M5.1 1. To subvert from the 

foundation ; to overthrow ; to destroy; to demolish. 2. 
To erase ; to efface ; to obliterate. 3. To extirpate. 

RaZED, pp. Subverted ; overthrown ; wholly ruined ; 
erased ; extirpated. 

RA-ZEE', 71. A ship of war cut down to a smaller size. 

RaZ'ING, ppr. Subverting; destroying; erasing; extirpa- 
ting. 

Ra'ZOR, 71. [Fr. rasoir ; It. rasoio.] An instrument for 
shaving off beard or hair. — Razors of a boar, a boar’s 
ttislcs* 

t Ra'z6r-A-BLE, a. Fit to be shaved. Shak. 

Ra'ZOR-BILL, 71. An aquatic fowl. 

Ra'ZOR-FISH, 71. A species of fish. 

RaZ'URE, (rVzhur) 77. [Fr. rasure. j The act of erasing or 
effacing ; obliteration. See Rasure. 

RE, a prefix or inseparable paGicIe in the composition of 
words, denotes return, repetitio7i, iteration. In a few 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DO V£ BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


REA 


672 


REA 


English words, it has lost its appropriate signification, as 
in rejoice, recommend, receive. 

RE-AB-SOilB', V. t. [re and absorh.'] 1. To draw in or 
imbibe again what has been effused, extravasated or 
thrown off ; used of fluids. 2. To swallow up again. 

RE-AB-SORB^ED, (re-ab-sorbd') pp. Imbibed again. 

RE-AB-SORBTNG, ppr. Reimbibing. 

RE-AB-SORP'TION, n. TJie act or process of imbibing 
what has been previously thrown ofi’, effused or extrav- 
asated ; the swallowing a second time. 

RE-AG-CESS', n. [re and Qcce*'5.] A second access or ap- 
proach j a visit renewed. Hakewill. 

Reach, v. t. Raught, the ancient preterit, is obsolete. 
The verb is now regular ; pp. reached. [Sax. racan, recan, 
r(Bcan, or hrcecan ,• Goth. rakyan.'\ 1. To extend ; to 
stretch. 2. To extend to j to touch by extending, either 
the arm alone, or with an instrument in the hand. 3. To 
strike from a distance. 4. To deliver with the hand by 
extending the arm j to hand. 5. To extend or stretch 
from a distance. 6. To arrive at ; to come to. 7. To at- 
tain to or arrive at, by effort, labor or study j hence, to 
gain or obtain. 8. To penetrate to. 9. To extend to so 
as to include or comprehend in fact or principle. 10. To 
extend to. 11. To extend ; to spread abroad. 12. To 
take with the hand. 13. To overreach j to deceive. 

Reach, v. i. l. To be extended. 2. To penetrate. 3. To 
make efforts to vomit ; [see Retch.] Clieyne. — To reach 
after, to make efforts to attain to or obtain. 

Reach, n. l. Extension; a stretching; extent. 2. The 
power of extending to, or of taking by the hand, or by 
any instrument managed by the hand. 3. Power of at- 
tainment or management, or the limit of power, physical 
or moral. 4. Effort of the mind in contrivance or re- 
search ; contrivance ; scheme. 5. A fetch; an artifice to 
obtain an advantage. 6. Tendency to distant conse- 
quences. 7. Extent. — 8, Among seamen, the distance 
between two points on the banks of a river, in which 
the current flows in a straight course. 9. An effort to 
vomit. 

Reached, pp. stretched out ; extended ; touched by ex- 
tending the arm ; attained to ; obtained. 

ReACH'ER, n. One that reaches or extends ; one that de- 
Hvers by extending the arm. 

ReACH'ING, ppr. Stretching out; extending; touching by 
extension of the arm ; attaining to ; gaining ; making ef- 
forts to vomit. 

RE-ACT', V. t. [re and act.] To act or perform a second 
time. 

RE-ACT', V. i. 1. To return an impulse or impression ; to 
resist the action of another body by an opposite force. 
2. To act in opposition ; to resist any influence or power. 

RE-ACT'ED, pp. Acted or performed a second time. 

RE-ACT'ING, ppr. Acting again ; in physics, resisting the 
impulse of another body. 

RE-AC'TION, n. 1. In p/i?/sic5, counteraction ; the resist- 
ance made by a body to the action or impulse of another 
body, which endeavors to change its state, either of mo- 
tion or rest. 2. Any action in resisting other action or 
pq\ver. 

t Read, n. [Sax. reed.] 1. Counsel. 2. Saying ; sentence. 

Read, v. t. The preterit and pp. read, is pronounced red. 
[Sax. rcedan, redan ; G. reden ; D. rede ; Dan. rede.] 1. 
To utter or pronounce written or printed words, letters or 
characters in the proper order ; to repeat the names or 
utter the sounds customarily annexed to words, letters or 
characters. 2. To inspect and understand words or char- 
acters ; to peruse silently. 3. To discover or understand 
by characters, marks or features. 4. To learn by observa- 
tion. 5. To know fully. 6. To suppose ; to guess ; [065.] 
7. To advise ; [065.] 

Read, V. i. 1. To perform the act of reading. 2. To be 
studious ; to practice much reading. 3. To learn by 
reading. 4. To tell ; to declare ; [o//;?.] 

READ, (red) pp. 1. Uttered ; pronounced, as written 
words in the proper order. 2. Silently perused. 

READ, (red) a. Instructed or knowing by reading; versed 
ill books ; learned ; as, well read in history. 

ReAD'A-BLE, a. That may be read ; fit to be read. Ilurd. 

RE-A-DEP'TION, n. [from L. re and adeptus.] A regain- 
nig ; recovery of something lost. [J\Tot much Bacon. 

ReAD'ER, n. 1. One that reads ; any person who pro- 
nounces written words ; particularly , one whose office is 
to read prayers in a church. 2. By icay of distinction, one 
that reads much ; one studious in books. 

ReAD'ER-SHIP, n. The office of reading prayers in a 
church. Swift. 

READ'I-LY, (red'e-ly) adv. 1. Quickly; promptly; easily. 
2. Cheerfully ; without delay or objection ; without re- 
luctance. 

READ'I-NESS, (red'e-nes) n. 1. Quickness; promptness; 
promptitude ; facility ; freedom from liinderance or oli- 
struction. 2. Promptitude ; cheerfulness ; willingness ; 
alacrity ; freedom from reluctance. 3. A state of prepar- 
ation ; fitness of condition. 


ReAD'ING, ppr. 1. Pronouncing or perusing written or 
printed words or characters of a book or writing. 2. Dis- 
covering by marks ; understanding. 

ReAD'IIN'G, n. 1. The act of reading ; perusal. 2. Study 
of books. 3. A lecture or prelection. 4. Public recital. — 

5. In criticism, the manner of reading the manuscripts of 
ancient authors, where the words or letters are obscure. 

6. A commentary or gloss on a law, text or passage. — 7. 
In legislation, the formal recital of a bill by the proper 
officer, before the house which is to consider it. 

RE-AD-J6URN', v. t. [re and adjourn.] 1. To adjourn a 
second time. 2. To cite or summon again; [0&5.] 

RE- AD-JUST', V. t. [re and adjust.] To settle again ; to 
put in order again what had been discomposed. 

RE-AD-JUST'ED, pp. Adjusted again ; resettled. 

RE-AD-JUST'ING, ppr. Adjusting again, 

RE-AD-JUST'MENT, 71. A second adjustment. 

RE-AD-MIS'SION, ?i. [re and admission.] The act of ad- 
mitting again what had been excluded. 

RE-AD-MIT', V. t. [re and admit.] To admit again. Milton. 

RE-AD-MIT'TANCE, n. A second admittance ; allowance 
to enter again. 

RE-A-DOPT', V. t. [re and adopt.] To adopt again. Young. 

RE-A-DORN', t. To adorn anew ; to decorate a second 
time. Blackmore. 

RE-AD-VERT'EN-CY, n. [re and advertency.] The act of 
reviewing. Morris. 

READ'Y, (red'y) a. [Sax. reed, hrad, hrmd ; Dan. rede.] 1. 
Quick; prompt; not hesitating. 2. Quick to receive or 
comprehend ; not slow or dull. 3. Quick in action or 
execution ; dextrous. 4. Prompt ; not delayed ; present 
in hand. 5. Prepared ; fitted ; furnished with what is 
necessary, or disposed in a manner suited to the purpose. 
6. Willing ; free ; cheerful to do or suffer ; not backward 
or reluctant. 7. Willing ; disposed. 8. Being at the 
point ; near; not distant ; about to do or suffer. 9. Being 
nearest or at hand. 10. Easy; facile; opportune; short; 
near, or most convenient. — To make ready. 1. To pre- 
pare ; to provide and put in order. 2. An elliptical 
phrase, for make things ready / to make preparations ; to 
prepare. 

READ'Y, (red'y) adv. In a state of preparation, so as to 
need no delay. 

READ'Y, (red'y) n. For ready money, [ji low word.] 
Arbuthnot. 

t READ'Y, (red'y) v. t. To dispose in order ; to prepare. 

RE-AF-FiRM', v. t. [re and affirm.] To affirm a second 
time. 

RE-AF-FIRM'ANCE, n. A second confirmation. Ayliffe. 

RE-a'GENT, n. [re and agent.] In chemistry, a substance 
employed to precipitate another in solution, or to detect 
the ingredients of a mixture. 

RE-AG-GRA-Va'TION, n. [re and aggravation.] In the 
Romish ecclesiastical law, the last monitory, published 
after three admonitions and before the last excommuni- 
cation. 

t REAK, n. A rush. 

Re'AL, a. [Low L. realis ; It. reale ; Sp. real ; Fr. reel.] 

1. Actually being or existing ; not fictitious or imaginary. 

2. True ; genuine ; not artificial, counterfeit or factitious. 

3. True; genuine; not affected ; riot assumed. 4. Rela- 
ting to things, not to persons ; not personal. — 5. In law, 
pertaining to things fixed, permanent or immovable, as to 
lands and tenements ; as, real estate . — Real action, in 
law, is an action which concerns real property . — Real 
presence, in the Romish church, the actual presence of the 
body and blood of Christ in the eucharist. 

Re'AL, or Re'AL-IST, n. A scholastic philosopher, who 
maintains that things, and not words, are the objects of 
dialectics ; opposed to nominal or nominalist. 

Re'AL, n. [Sp.] A small Spanish coin of the value of forty 
maravedis. It is sometimes written rial. 

Re'AL-GAR, n. [Fr. reagal, or realgal.] A combination 
of sulphur and arsenic ; red sulphuret of arsenic. 

RE-AL'I-TY, 71. [Fr. realite.] 1. Actual being or existence 
of any thing ; truth ; fact ; in distinction from mere ap- 
pearance. 2. Something intrinsically important, not mere- 
ly matter of show. — 3. In the schools, that which may exist 
of itself, or which has a full and absolute being of itself, 
and is not considered as a part of any thing else. — 4. In 
law, immobility, or the fixed, permanent nature of prop- 
erty. 

RE-AL-I-Za'TION, n. 1. The act of realizing or making 
real. 2. The act of converting money into land. 3. The 
act of believing or considering as real. 4. The act of 
bringing into being or act. Qlanville. 

Re'AL-IZE, v.t. [Sp. rcaZizar Fr. realiser.] 1. To bring 
into being or act. 2. To convert money into land, or per- 
sonal into real estate. 3. To impress on the mind as a 
reality ; to believe, consider or treat as real. 4. To bring 
Iiome to one’s own case or experience ; to consider as 
one’s own ; to feel in all its force. Dwight. 5. To bring 
into actual existence and possession ; to render tangible 
or effective. 


REA 


673 


REA 


Re'AL-iZED, Brought into actual being; converted 
into real estate ; impressed, received or treated as a real- 
ity; felt in its true force; rendered actual, tangible or 
etfectiye. 

Re'AL-iZ-ING, ppr. 1. Bringing into actual being ; con- 
verting into real estate ; impressing as a reality ; feeling as 
one’s own or in its real force ; rendering tangible or effec- 
tive. 2. a. That makes real, or that brings home as a 
reality. 

RE-AL-LED 6 E', (re-al-lej') r. t. [re and alledge,] To al- 
ledge again. Cotgrave. 

Re'AL-LY", adv. 1. With actual existence. 2. In truth ; 
in fact ; not in appearance only. 

REALM, (relm) n. [Fr, royaume ; It., reamc.] 1. A royal 
jurisdiction or extent of government ; a kingdom ; a 
king’s dominions. 2. Kingly government. 

Re'AL-TY, n. [It.realtd.] 1 . Loyalty ; [ 065 .] 2. Reality; 

— 3. In law^ immobility ; see Realitv. 

Ream, IX. [Sax. ream ; D. rieni Dan. rcm, or reem ; Sw. 
rein.] A bundle of paper, consisting of twenty quires. 

ReAINI, V. i. [Sax. fireman.] To cry aloud ; to scream ; to 
bewail one’s self. J^Tortk of England. 

RE-AN'I-MATE, V. t. [re and animate.] 1. To revive ; to 
resuscitate ; to restore to life, as a person dead or appa- 
rently dead. 2. To revive the spirits when dull or lan- 
guid ; to invigorate ; to infuse new life or courage into. 

RE-AN'I-MA-TED, pp. Restored to life or action. 

RE-AN'I-MA-TING, Restoring life to; invigorating 
with new life and courage. 

RE-AN-I-Ma'TION, n. The act or operation of reviving 
from apparent death ; the act or operation of giving fresh 
spirits, courage or vigor. 

RE-AN-NEX', V. t. [re and annex.] To annex again ; to 
reunite ; to annex what has been separated. 

RE-AN-NEX-a'TION, 11 . The act of annexing again. 

RE-AN-NEX'ED, (re-an-next') pp. Annexed or united 
again. 

RE-AN-NEXTNG, ppr. Annexing again ; reuniting. 

Reap, V. t. [Sax. ripan.] 1. To cut grain with a sickle ; 
as, to reap wheat or rye. 2. To clear of a crop by reap- 
ing. 3. To gather ; to obtain ; to receive as a reward, or 
as the fruit of labor or of works. 

Reap, V. i. 1. To perform the act or operation of reaping. 
2. To receive the fruit of labor or works. 

Reaped, pp. Cut with a sickle ; received as the fruit of 
labor or works. 

ReAP'ER, n. One that cuts grain with a sickle. 

ReAP'ING, ppr. Cutting grain with a sickle ; receiving as 
the fruit of labor or the reward of works. 

ReAP'ING-HOOK, n. An instrument used in reaping ; a 
sickle. 

RE-AP-PAR'EL, V. t. [re and apparel.] To clothe again. 

RE-AP-PAR'ELED, pp. Clothed again. 

RE-AP-PAR'EL-IXG, ppr. Clothing again. 

RE-AP-PeAR', V. i. [re and appear.] To appear a second 
time. 

RE-AP-PeAR'ANCE, n. A second appearance. 

RE-AP-PeAR'ING, ppr. Appearing again. 

RE-AP-PLT-€a'TION, n. A second application. 

RE-AP-PLY', V. t. or i. [re and apply.] To apply again. 

RE-.VP-PLYTNG, ppr. Applying again. 

RE-AP-POINT', v.t. To appoint again. 

RE-AP-POINT'MENT, n. A second appointment. 

RE-AP-PoR'TIOiV, V. t. To apportion again. 

RE-AP-PoR'TIONED, pp. Apportioned again. 

RE-AP-PoR'TION-ING, ppr. Apportioning again. 

RE-AP-P6R'TI0N-MENT, n. A second apportionment. 
Madison. 

Rear, n. [Fr. arriere.] 1. In a 5 cn^c, that which 

is behind or backwards ; appropriately, the part of an 
army which is behind the other ; also, the part of a fleet 
which is behind the other. 2. The last class ; the last in 
order. — In the rear, behind the rest ; backward, or in the 
last class. 

Rear, a. [Sax. hrere.] 1. Raw ; rare ; not well roasted or 
boiled. 2. [Sax. aroiran.] Early. [A provincial word.] 

Rear, v.t. riBran, reran, arccran.] 1. To raise. 2. 

To lift after a fall. 3. To bring up or to raise to maturity, 
as young. 4. To educate; to instruct. 5. To exalt ; to 
elevate. 6 . To rouse ; to stir up. 7. To raise ; to breed, 
as cattle. 8. To achieve ; to obtain. — To rear the steps, 
to ascend ; to move upward. Milton. 

ReAR'-AD'MI-RAL. See Admiral. 

Reared, pp. Raised ; lifted ; brought up ; educated ; ele- 
vated. 

ReAR'-GUARD, n. The body of an army that marches in 
Die rear of the main body to protect it. 

ReARTNG, ppr. Raising; educating; elevating. 

ReAR'-LTNE, n. The line in the rear of an army. 

ReAR'-MOUSE, 71. [Sax. /irerc- 77 ius.] The leather-winged 
bat. Shak. 

ReAR'-RANK, 71 . The rank of a body of troops which is 
in the rear. 

ReAR'WARD, 71 . [See Rereward] 1. The last troop ; the 


rear-guard 2. The end ; the tail ; the train behind. 3. 
The latter part. 

RL-AS-CEND', V. i. [re and ascend.] To rise, mount or 
climb again. Mdton. 

® mount or ascend again. Addison. 

RE-AS-CLiSD'LD, pp. Ascended again. 

RE-AS-CEND'ING, ppr. Ascending again. 

RE-AS-CLX^telON, 71. The act of reascending; a re- 
mounting. 

RE-AS-CENT', n. A returning ascent ; acclivity. Cowper. 

ReAS^OX, (re^zn) 71. [Ir. reasun ,* VV, I’heswm ; Arm. 
resoun ; Fr. raison ^ Sp. razon ; It. ragione j ~L. ratio.] 
1. That which is thought or which is alledged in words, 
as the ground or cause of opinion, conclusion or determi- 
nation. 2. The cause, ground, principle or motive of any 
thing said or done ; that which supports or justifies a de- 
termination, plan or measure. 3. Eflicient cause. 4. 
Final cause. .5. A faculty of the mind by which it dis- 
tinguishes truth from falsehood, and good from evil, and 
which enables the possessor to deduce inferences from 
facts or from propositions. 6. Ratiocination ; the exercise 
of reason. 7. Right ; justice ; that which is dictated or 
supported by reason. 8. Reasonable claim; justice. 9. 
Rationale ; just account. 10. Moderation ; moderate de- 
mands ; claims which reason and justice admit or pre- 
scribe. — In reason, in all reason, in justice ; with rational 
ground. 

ReAS'OxV, V. i. [Fr raisonner ; Sax. rwswian.] 1. To ex- 
ercise the faculty of reason ; to deduce inferences justly 
from premises. 2. To argue ; to infer conclusions from 
premises. 3. To debate ; to confer or inquire by discus- 
sion or mutual communication of thoughts, arguments or 
reasons. — 'To reason 7 cith. 1. To argue witli ; to endeavor 
to inform, convince or persuade by argument. 2. To dis- 
course ; to talk ; to take or give an account ; [o!/s.] 

ReAS'OX, V. t. 1 . To examine or discuss by arguments; 
to debate or discuss. 2. To persuade by reasoning or ar- 
gument. 

ReAS'ON-A-BLE, a. 1. Having the faculty of reason ; en- 
dued with reason. 2. Governed by reason ; being under 
the influence of reason ; thinking, speaking or acting ra- 
tionally or according to the dictates of reason. 3. Con- 
formable or agreeable to reason; just; rational. 4. Xot 
immoderate. 5. Tolerable ; being in mediocrity ; moder- 
ate. 6. Not excessive ; not unjust. 

ReAS'ON-A-BLE-NESS, 71. 1. The faculty of reason. 2. 
Agreeableness to reason; that state or quality of a thing 
which reason supports or justifies. 3. Conformity to ra- 
tional principles. 4. Moderation. 

ReAS'ON-A-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner or degree agreeable 
to reason ; in consistency with reason. 2. Moderately ; 
in a moderate degree ; not fully ; in a degree reaciiing 
to mediocrity. 

ReAS'ON-ER, 71. One who reasons or argues. 

ReAS'ON-ING, ppr. Arguing; deducing inferences from 
premises ; debating ; discussing. 

ReAS'ON-ING, 71. The act or process of exercising the 
faculty of reason ; that act of the mind by wliich new or 
unknown propositions are deduced from previous ones 
which are known and evident, or which are admitted or 
supposed for the sake of argument; argumentation ; ratio- 
cination. 

ReAS'ON-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of reason. 2. Void of 
reason ; not warranted or supported by reason. 

RE-AS-SEM'BLAGE, 71. Assemblage a second time. 

RE-AS-SEM'BLE, V. t. [re and assemble.] To collect again. 

RE-AS-SEM'BLE, v. i. To assemble or convene again. 

RE-AS-SEM'BLED, 2177 . Assembled again. 

RE-AS-SEM'BLING, ppr. Assembling again. 

RE-AS-SERT', V. t. [re and assert.] To assert again ; to 
maintain after suspension or cessation. 

RE-AS-SERT'ED, pp. Asserted or maintained anew. 

RE-AS-SERT'ING, ppr. Asserting again ; vindicating anew. 

RE-AS-SIGN', (re-as-sine') v. t. [re and assign.] To assign 
back ; to transfer back what has been assigned. 

RE-AS-SIM'l-LATE, v. t. [re and assimilate.] To assimi- 
late or cause to resemble anew ; to change again into a 
like or suitable substance. 

RE-AS-SIM'I-LA-TED, pp. Assimilated anew; changed 
again to a like substance. 

RE-AS-SIM'I-LA-TING, ppr. Assimilating again. 

RE-AS-SIM-I-La'TION, 71. A second or renewed assimila- 
tion. Encyc. 

RE-AS-SuME', V. t. [re and assume.] To resume ; to take 
again. Milton. 

RE-AS-SuM'ED, (re-as-sumd') pp. Resumed; assumed 
again. 

RE-AS-SuM'ING, ppr. Assuming or taking again. 

RE-AS-SUMP'TION, 71. A resuming ; a second assumption. 

RE-AS-SuR'ANCE, (re-a-shur'ans) n. A second assurance 
at^ainst loss ; or the assurance of property by an under- 
writer, to relieve himself from a risk he has taken. 

RE-AS-SuRE', (re-a-shure') v. t. [re and assure.] 1 To 
restore courage to ; to free from fear or terror. 2. To 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 

43 


REB 


G74 REG 


insure a second time against loss, or rather to insure by 
anotlier wliat one has already insured ; to insure against 
loss that may be incurred by taking a risk. 

RE-AS-SuR'ED, (re-a-shurd') pp. J. Restored from fear; 
re-encouraged. 2. Insured against loss by risk taken, as 
an underwriter. 

RE-AS-SOR'ER, (re-a-shuWer) n. One who insures the 
first underwriter. 

RE-AS-SuR'ING, ppr. 1. Restoring from fear, terror or 
depression of courage. 2. Insuring against loss by in- 
surance. 

ReAS'TI-NESS, n. Rancidness. [JVbt in use, or local.] 

ReAS'TY, a. [qu. rusty.] Covered with a kind of rust, 
and liaving a rancid taste ; applied to dried meat. [JVot in 
use, or local.] Skelton. 

Re' ATE, n. A kind of long small grass that grows in wa- 
ter and complicates itself. [JSTot in use, or local.] Walton. 

RE-AT-TACH', v. t. [re and attach.] To attach a second 
time. 

RE-AT-TACH'MENT, n. A second attachment. 

RE-AT-TEMPT', v. t. [re and attempt.] To attempt 
again. 

t ReAVE, V. t. [Sax. reafian.] To take away by stealth or 
violence; to bereave. [See Bereave.] Shale. 

RE-BAP'TISM, n. A second baptism. 

RE-BAP-TI-Za'TION, n. A second baptism. 

RE-BAP-TIZE', V. t. [re and baptize.] To baptize a second 
time. Ayliffe. 

RE-BAP-TIZ'ED, (re-bap-tizd') pp. Baptized again. 

RE-BAP-TIZ'ER, n. One that baptizes again. Howell. 

RE-BAP-TIZ'ING, ppr. Baptizing a second time. 

RE-BaTE', V. t. [Fr. rehattre ; It. ribattere.] To blunt ; to 
beat to obtuseness ; to deprive of keenness. Dryden. 

RE-BaTE', I n. 1. Diminution. — 2. In commerce, 

RE-BaTE'MENT, ^ abatement in price ; deduction. — 3. 
In heraldry, a diminution or abatement of the bearings in 
a coat of arms. 

RE-Ba'TO, n. A sort of ruff. See Rabato. 

Re'BECK, n. [Fr. rebec : It. ribecca.] A three-stringed fid- 
dle. [JV*oi much used.] Milton. 

REB'EL, 7J. [Fr. rebelled L. rehellis.] 1. One who revolts 
from the government to which he owes allegiance, either 
by openly renouncing the authority of that government, 
or by taking arms and openly opposing it. A rebel differs 
from an enemy, as the latter is one who does not owe al- 
legiance to the government which he attacks. 2. One 
who willfully violates a law. 3. One who disobeys the 
king’s proclamation ; a contemner of the king’s laws. 
4. A villain who disobeys his lord. 

REB'EL, a. Rebellious ; acting in revolt. Milton. 

RE-BEL', V. i. [L. rebello.] 1. To revolt ; to renounce the 
authority of the laws and government to which one owes 
allegiance. 2. To rise in violent opposition against lawful 
authority. 

RE-BEL'LED, (re-beld') pp. or a. Rebellious ; guilty of re- 
bellion. Milton. 

RE-BEL'LER, n. One that rebels. Diet. 

RE-BEL'LING, ppr. Renouncing the authority of the gov- 
ernment to which one owes allegiance ; arising in oppo- 
sition to lawful authority. 

RE-BELL'ION, n. [Fr. ; L. rcbellio.] 1. An open and 
avowed renunciation of the authority of the government 
to which one owes allegiance ; or the taking of arms 
traitorously to resist the authority of lawful government ; 
revolt. — Rebellion differs from insurrection and from muti- 
ny. — InsxLrrection may be a rising in opposition to a parti- 
cular act or law, without a design to renounce wholly all 
subjection to the government. — Insurrection may be, but 
is not necessarily, rebellion. — Mutiny is an insurrection 
of soldiers or seamen against the authority of their offi- 
cers. 2. Open resistance to lawful authority. 

RE-BELL'IOUS, a. Engaged in rebellion ; renouncing the 
authority and dominion of the government to which al- 
legiance is due ; traitorously resisting government or law- 
ful authority. 

RE-BELL'IOUS-LY, ado. With design to throw off* the 
authority of legitimate government ; in a rebellious man- 
ner. 

RE-BELL'IOUS-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 
reliellious^ 

RE-BEL'LoW, V. i. [re and bellow.] To bellow in return ; 
to echo back a loud, roaring noise. Drxjdcn. 

RE-BEL'LoW-ING, ppr. Bellowing in return or in echo. 

RE-BLOS'SOM, v. i. [re and blossoxn.] To blossom again. 

f RE-BO-a'TION, 71. JL. reboo.] The return of a loud, bel- 
lowing sound. Patrick. 

RE-BOlL', V. i. [L. re and bxdlio.] To take fire ; to be 
hot. 

RE-BOUND', V. i. [Fr. rebondir.] To spring back ; to start 
back ; to be reverberated by an elastic power resisting 
force or impulse impressed. 

RE BOUND', V. t. To drive back ; to reverberate. Dryden. 

RE-BOUND', 71. The act of flying back in resistance of the 
impulse of another body ; resilience. Dryden. 


RE-BOUND'ING, ppr. Springing or flying back; reverbe- 
rating. 

RE-BRaCE', V. t. [re and brace.] To brace again. Gray. 

RE-BReATHE', V. i. [re and breathe.] To breathe again. 

RE-BUFF', n. [It. rabbuffo : Fr. rebuffade.] 1. Repercus- 
sion, or beating back ; a quick and sudden resistance. 
2. Sudden check ; defeat. 3. Refusal ; rejection of soli- 
citation. 

RE-BUFF', V. t. To beat back ; to offer sudden resistance 
to ; to check. 

RE-BUILD', I V. t. [re and build.] To build again ; to re- 

RE-BILD', I new a structure ; to build or construct what 
has been demolished. 

RE-BUiLD'ER, 7i. One who rebuilds. Bp. Hall. 


REBUILDING, 
RE-BILD'ING, 


RE-BUILT', 
RE-BILT', 


ppr. Building again. 


pp. Built again ; reconstructed. 


RE-BuK'A-BLE, a. Worthy of reprehension. 

RE-BuKE', V. t. [Norm, rebuquer.] 1 . To chide ; to re- 
prove ; to reprehend for a fault ; to check by reproof. 2. 
To check or restrain. 3. To chasten ; to punish ; to afflict 
for correction. 4. To check ; to silence. 5. To check; 
to heal. 6. To restrain ; to calm. 

RE-BuKE', ?i. 1. A chiding; reproof for faults; reprehen- 
sion. — 2. In Scriptxire, chastisement ; punishment ; afflic- 
tion for the purpose of restraint and correction. Eiek. v. 
— 3. In low language, any kind of check. — To sxiffer re- 
buke, to endure the reproach and persecution of men. 
Jer. XV. — To be withoxit rebuke, to live without giving 
cause of reproof or censure ; to be blameless. 

RE-BuK'ED, (re-bukt') pp. Reproved ; reprehended ; 
checked; restrained ; punished for faults. 

RE-BuKE'FlJL, a. Containing or abounding with re- 


bukes. 

RE-BuKE'FUL-LY, adv. With reproof or reprehension. 

RE-BuK'ER, n. One that rebukes; a chider; one that 
chastises or restrains. 

RE-BuK'ING, ppr. Chiding; reproving; checking; pun- 
ishing. 

RE-BUL-LI"TION, n. Act of boiling or effervescing. 

RE-BUR'Y, (re-ber'ry) e. L [re And bury.] To inter again. 

Re'BUS, 7x. [L., from re5.] 1. An enigmatical representa- 
tion of some name, &c. by using figures or pictures in- 
stead of words. 2. A sort of riddle. — 3. In some chemical 
Tjoritex's, sour milk ; sometimes, the ultimate matter of 
which all bodies are composed. — 4. In heraldry, a coat of 
arms which bears an allusion to the name of the person ; 
as three cups, for Butler. 

RE-BU'l’', V. t. [Fr. rebuter ; Norm, rebxitier.] To repel ; to 
oppose by argument, plea or countervailing proof. 

RE-BUT', V. i. J. To retire back; [o6s.] Spenser. 2. To 
answer, as a plaintifTs sur-rejoinder. Blackstone. 

RE-BUT'TED, pp. Repelled; answered. 

R£-BUT'TER, 7i. In laxo pleadings, the answer of a de- 
fendant to a plaintifTs sur-rejoinder. Blackstone. 

RE-BUT'TING, ppr. Repelling; opposing by argument, 
countervailing allegation or evidence. 

RE-CALL', V. t. [re and call.] 1. To call back ; to take 
back. 2. To revoke ; to annul by a subsequent act. 3. 
To call back ; to revive in memory. 4. To call back from 
a place or mission. 

RE-CALL', n. 1. A calling back; revocation. 2. The 
power of calling back or revoking. Drydexi. 

RE-CALL'A-BLE, a. That may be recalled. Madisoxx. 

RE-CALL'ED, (re-kawld) pp. Called back ; revoked. 

RE-CALL'ING, pp?*. Calling back; revoking. 

RE-CANT', 7). t. [L. recanto.] To retract ; to recall ; to 
contradict a former declaration. 

RE-CANT', V. i. To recall words ; to revoke a declaration 
or proposition ; to unsay what has been said. 

RE-CAN-Ta'TION, 7x. The act of recalling ; retraction ; a 
declaration that contradicts a former one. Sidney. 

RE-CANT'ED, pp. Recalled; retracted. 

RE-CANT'ER, 7i. One that recants. Shak. 

RE-CANT'ING, ppr. Recalling ; retracting. 

RE-CA-PAC'I-TATE, v. t. [re and capacitate.] To qual- 
ify again ; to confer capacity on again. Atterbxiry. 

RE-C A-PAC'I-TA-TED, pp. Capacitated again. 

RE-CA-P AC'I-TA-TING, pp?*. Conferring capacity again. 

RE-CA-PIT'U-LATE, v. t. [Fr. recapitxder .] To repeat the 
principal things mentioned in a preceding discourse, ar- 
gument or essay ; to give a summary of the principal 
facts, points or arguments. 

RE-CA-PIT'U-LA-TED, pp. Repeated in a summary. 

RE-CA-PIT'U-LA-TING, ppr. Repeating the principal 
things in a discourse or argument. 

RE-CA-PIT-U-La'TION, 7x. 1. The act of recapitulating. 
2. A summary or concise statement or enumeration of the 
principal points or facts in a preceding discoui*se, argu- 
ment or esspy. 

RE-CA-PIT'U-LA-TO-RY, a. Repeating again ; containing 
recapitulation. Qarretson. 


RE-CAP'TION, n. [L. re and captio.] The act of retaking ; 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, ~^,long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — \ Obsolete. 


REG 


675 


REG 


reprisal ; Ihe retaking of one’s own goods, chattels, wife 
or children from one who lias taken them and wrongfully 
detains them. Blackstone. 

EE-0AP'TOR, n. [re ami caftor.} One who retakes ; one 
that takes a prize which had been previously taken. 
RE-€APT'URE, n. [rc and cupture^^ 1. The act of reta- 
king ; particularly^ the retaking of a prize or goods from 
a captor. 2. A prize retaken. 

RE-CAPT'URE, v. t. To retake ; particularly^ to retake a 
prize which had been previously taken. 
RE-CAPT/URED, pp. Retaken. 

RE-eAPT'UR-lNG, ppr. Retaking, as a prize from the 
captor. 

RE-OAR'NI-FIt', v. t. [re and carni/y.] To convert again 
into flesh. [JSTot much itsed.] Howell. 

RE-€AR'RIED, pp. Carried back or again. 

RE-CAR'RY, V, t. [re tind carry .'I To carry back. Walton. 
RE-CAR'RY-ING, ppr. Carrying back. 

RE-€aST', y. t. [re and cast.] J. To cast again. 2. To 
throw again. 3. To mold anew. 4. To compute a sec- 
ond time. 

RE-CAST', pp. Cast again ; molded anew. 

RE-CAST ING, ppr. Casting again ; molding anew. 
RE-CeDE', V. i. [L. recedo.] 1. To move back ; to retreat ; 
to withdraw. 2. To withdraw a claim or pretension ; to 
desist from ; to relinquish what had been proposed or as- 
serted. 

RE-CicDE', V. t. [re and cede.] To cede back; to grant or 
yield to a former possessor. 

RE-CeD'ED, pp. Ceded back ; regranted. 

RE-CeD'ING, ppr. 1. Withdrawing ; retreating ; moving 
back. 2. Ceding back ; regranting. 

RE-CeIPT', \ , i u. [It. ricetta ; L. receptus.] 1. The 

RE-CeIT', i ^ 'I act of receiving. 2. The place 

of receiving. 3. Reception. 4. Reception ; welcome ; [oAs.] 
5. Recipe ; prescription of ingredients for any composition, 
as of medicines, <!fcc. Drydeii. — 6. In commerce, a writing 
acknowledging the taking of money or goods. 

RE-CSIT^^^ I (re-seeP) | v. t. To give a receipt for. 

RE-CeIV'A-BLE, a. That may be received. 
RE-CeIV'A-BLE-NESS, n. Capability of being received. 
RE-CeIVE', tj. t. [Fr. recevoir i It. riceverc.] 1. To take, 
as a thing offered or sent ; to accept. 2. To take as due 
or as a reward. 3. To take or obtain from another in any 
manner, and either good or evil. 4. To take, as a thing 
communicated. 5. To take or obtain intellectually. 0. 
To embrace. 7. To allow ; to hold ; to retain. 8. To 
admit. 9. To welcome ; to lodge and entertain ; as a 
guest. 10. To admit into membership or fellowship. 11. 
To take in or on ; to hold ; to contain. 12. To be endow- 
ed with. 13. To take into a place or state. 14. To take 
or have as something described. 15. To bear with or suf- 
fer. 2 Cor. xi. IG. To believe in. John i. 17. To accept 
or admit officially or in an official character. 18. To take 
stolen goods from a thief, knowing them to be stolen. 
RE-CeIV'ED, (re-seevd') pp. Taken; accepted ; admitted ; 

embraced ; entertained ; believed. 

RE-CeIV'ED-NESS, n. General allowance or belief. 
RE-CeIV'ER, n. 1. One who takes or receives in any man- 
ner. 2. An officer appointed to receive public money ; a 
treasurer. 3. One who takes stolen goods from a tliief, 
knowing them to be stolen, and incurs the guilt of parta- 
king in the crime. 4. A vessel for receiving and contain- 
ing the product of distillation. 5. The vessel of an air- 
pump, for containing the thing on which an experiment 
is t(^be made. 6. One who partakes of the sacrament. 
RE-CeIV'ING, ppr. Taking; accepting; admitting; em- 
bracing; believing; entertaining. 

RE-CEL'E-BR ATE, v. t. [re and ccleljrate.] To celebrate 
again. B. Jonson. 

RE-CEL'E-BRA-TED, pp. Celebrated anew. 
RE-CEL'E-BRA-TING, ppr. Celebrating anew. 
RE-CEL-E-BRa'TION, 71. A renewed celebration. 
Re'CEN-CY, 71. [L. rece?is.] 1. Newness; new state ; late 
origin. 2. Lateness in time ; freshness. 

RE-CENSE', (re-sens') v. t. [L. recensco.] To review ; to 
revise. 

RE-CEN'STON, 77. [L. recensio.] Review ; examination ; 
enumeration. Evelyn. 

Re'CENT, a. [L. reccTis.] 1. New; being of late origin or 
existence. 2. Late ; modern. 3. Fresh; lately received. 

4. Late ; of late occurrence ; as a recent event or trans- 
action. 5. Fresh ; not long dismissed, released or parted 
from. 

Re'CENT-LY, adv. Newly ; lately ; freshly ; not long 
since. 

Re'CENT-NESS, 77. Newness; freshness; lateness of ori- 
gin or occurrence. 

♦= RE-CEP'TA-CLE, 77. [L. receptacxdnm .] 1. A place or 
vessel into which something is received or in which it is 
contained, as a vat, a tun, a hollow in the earth, &c. — 
2. In botany, one of the parts of the fructific.ation ; the 
base by which the other parts of the fructification are 


connected. — 3. In anatomy, the receptacle of the chyle is 
situated on the left side of the upper vertebre of the loins, 
under the aorta and the vessels of the left kidney. 
REC-EP-TAC'U-LAR, a. In botany, pertaining to the re- 
ceptacle or growing on it, as the nectary. 
REC'EP-TA-RY, n. Thing received. Brown. 

i^~RIL'I-TY, 77. The possibility of receiving or 
of being received. Glanville. 

RE-CEP'TION, 77. [Fr., L. receptio.] 1. The act of receiv- 
ing. 2. Ihe state of being received. 3. Admission of 
any thing sent or communicated. 4. Readmission. 5. 
Admission of entrance for holding or containing. G. A 
receiving or manner of receiving tor entertainment; en- 
tertainment. 7. A receiving officially. 8. Opinion gen- 
erally admitted ; [o6s.] 9. Recovery ; [ois.j 

RE-CEP'TIVE, a. Having the quality of receiving or ad- 
mitting what is communicated. Glanville. 
RE-CEP-TiV'I-l’Y, 77. Tlie state or quality of being recep- 
tive. Fotherby. 

t RE-CEP'TO-RY, a. Generally or popularly admitted or 
received. Broxnn. 

RE-CESS', 77. [L. reccssMs.] 1. A withdrawing or retiring ; 
a moving back. 2. A withdrawing from public business 
or notice; retreat; retirement. 3. Departure. 4. Place 
of retirement or secrecy ; private abode. 5. State of re- 
tirement. G. Remission or suspension of business or 
procedure. 7. Privacy ; seclusion from the world or from 
company. 8. Secret or abstruse part. 9. A witJidrawing 
from any {xiint ; removal to a distance. 10. [Fr. rccr.z.] 
An abstract or registry of the resolutions of the imperial 
diet; [oZ>s.] 11. The retiring of the shore of the sea or 

of a lake from the general line of the shore, forming a 
bay. 

RE-CES'SION, 77. [L. rrcc5sia.] 1. The act of withdraw- 
ing, retiring or retreating. 2. The act of receding from a 
claim, or of relaxing a demand. 3. A cession or granting 
back. 

RE-CIIaNGFi', 77. t. [Fr. rcchanacr.] To change again. 
RE-CIIANg'ED, (re-chaiijd') pp. Changed again. 
RE-CHaNG'ING, ppr. Changing again. 

RE-CIIARGE', V. t. (Tr. rechar aer.] 1. To charge or ac- 
cuse in return. 2. To attack again ; to attack anew. 
RE-€IIARG'ED, (re-charjd') pp. Accused in return ; attack- 
ed anew. 

RE-CHARG'ING, ppr. Accusing in return ; attacking 
anew^ 

RE-CIIeAT', 77. Among hunters, a lesson which the hunts- 
man winds on the horn when the hounds have lost tl)e 
game, to call them back from pursuing a counter-scent. 
IShak. 

RE-CHeAT', V. t. To blow the recheat. Draxjton. 
RE-CIIOOSE', (re-chooz') v. t. To choose a second time. 
RE-CHoS'EN, (re-cli6'zn) jxp- or a. Re-elected; chosen 
again. 

RE-CID-I-Va'TION, 77. [L. rcci7/77'M5.] A falling back; a 
backsliding, much 775C7L] Hammond. 

I REC-I-DI'VATE, 77 7. [E. recidivo.] To backslide; to fall 
again. Bp. Andrewes. 

RE-CID'I-VOUS, a. [L. recidivus.] Subject to backslide. 
[Little used.] 

REC'I-PE, (res'e-py) n. [L. imperative of recipio.] A medi- 
cal prescription ; a direction of medicines to be taken by 
a patient. 

RE-CIP'I-EN7’, 77. [Ft. recipiens.] 1. A receiver; the per- 
son or thing that receives ; he or that to wdiich any thing 
is communicated. 2. The receiver of a still. 
RE-CIP'RO-CAL, a. [L. rf;c7proc7ts ; Sp., It. reciproco ^ Fr. 
reciproque.] 1. Acting in vicissitude or return ; altern- 
ate. 2. Mutual ; done by each to the other. 3. Mutual- 
ly interchangeable. 

RE-CIP'RO-€AL, n. The reciprocal of any quantity is uni- 
ty divided by that quantity. 

RE-CIP'RO-€AL-LY, adv. Mutually ; interchangeably ; in 
such a manner that each affects the other and is equally 
affected by it. 

RE-CIP'RO-€AL-NESS, n. Mutual return ; alternateness. 
RE-CIP'RO-0ATE, v. i. [L. reciproco ; Fr. reciproquer.] To 
act interchangeably ; to alternate. Dryden. 
RE-CIP'RO-€ATE, v. t. To exchange ; to interchange; to 
give and return mutually. 

RE-CIP'RO-CA-TED, pp. Mutually given and returned ; 
interchanged. 

RE-CIP'RO-€A-TING, ppr. Interchanging; each giving or 
doing to the other the same thing. 

RE-CIP-RO-€a'TION, n. [L. reciprocatio.] 1. Interchange 
of acts ; a mutual giving and returning. 2. Alternation. 
3. Regular return or alternation of two symptoms or dis- 
eases. 

REC-I-PROC'I-TY, 77 . [Fr. rcciprocitc.] Reciprocal obliga- 
tion or right; equal mutual rights or benefits to be yielded 
or enjoyed. 

RE-CI"SION, 77 . [L. recisio.] The act of cutting off. 
RE-CIT'AL, 77 . 1. Rehearsal; the repetition of theii words 
of another or of a writing. 2. Narration ; a telling of the 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


REC 


REG 676 


particulars of an adventure or of a series of events. 3. 
Enumeration. Prior. 

IIEC-I-Ta'TION, [L. recitatio.'] 1. Rehearsal; repeti- 
tion of words. Temple . — 2. In colleges and schools^ the 
rehearsal of a lesson by pupils before their instructor. 

REC-I-TA-TiVE', a. [Er. recitatif; It. recitativo.] Recit- 
ing ; rehearsing ; pertaining to musical pronunciation. 
Dnjden. 

REC-I-TA-TIVE', n. A kind of musical pronunciation, 
such as that in which the several parts of the liturgy are 
rehearsed in churches, or that of actors on the stage, when 
they express some action or passion, relate some event, or 
reveal some design. 

REC-I-TA-TiVE'LY, ado. In the manner of recitative. 

RE-ClTE',- 0 . t. [L.recito.l 1. To rehearse; to repeat the 
words of another or of a writing. — 2. In writing, to copy. 
3. To tell over; to relate; to narrate. 4. To rehearse, 
as a lesson to an instructor. 5. To enumerate. 

RE-CiTE*, V. i. To rehearse a lesson. American seminaries. 

\ RE-CiTE', for recital. 

RE-CTT'ED, pp. Rehearsed ; told ; repeated ; narrated. 

RE-CiT'ER, n. One that recites or rehearses ; a narrator. 

RE-CiT'ING, ppr. Rehearsing ; telling ; repeating ; nar- 
rating. 

f RE€K, V. i. [Sax. recan, reccan.] To care ; to mind ; to 
rate at much. Milton. 

RECK, V. t. To heed ; to regard ; to care for. [Ol/solete, 
unless in poetry. 1 Sidney. 

REGK'LESS, a. Careless ; heedless ; mindless. Sidjiey. 

RECK'LESS-NESS, n. Heedlessness ; carelessness ; negli- 
gence. Sidney. 

RECK'ON, (rek'n) v. t. [Sax.* recan, reccan ; D. reckcnen ; 
G. rechnen.l 1. To count ; to number ; that is, to tell the 
particulars. 2. To esteem ; to account ; to repute. Rom. 
viii. 3. To repute; to set in the number or rank of. — 4. 
To assign in an account. 5. To compute ; to calculate. 

RECK'ON, V. i. 1. To reason with one’s self and conclude 
from arguments. 2. To charge to account ; with on. 3. 
To pay a penalty ; to be answerable. — To reckon tcith. 1. 
To state an account with another, and compare it with 
his account. 2. To call to punishment. — To reckon on 
or upon, to lay stress or dependence on. 

RECK'ONED, (rek'nd) pp. Counted ; numbered ; esteem- 
ed reputed ; computed ; set or assigned to in account. 

RECICON-ER, (rek'n-er) n. One who reckons or com- 
putes. 

RECK'ONIXG, (rek'ning) ppr. Counting; computing; 
esteeming ; reputing ; stating an account mutually. 

RECK'OXING, n. 1. The act of counting or computing ; 
calculation. 2. An account of time. 3. A statement of 
accounts with another ; a statement and comparison of 
accounts mutually for adjustment. 4. The charges or ac- 
count made by a host. 5. Account taken. 6. Esteem ; 
account ; estimation. — 7. In navigation, an account of 
the ship’s course and distance calculated from the log- 
board without the aid of celestial observation. 

RECK'ONING-BOOK, n. A book in which money receiv- 
ed and expended is entered. Johnson. 

RE-CLaIM', V. t. [¥x. re darner j 1 j. reclamo."] 1. To claim 
back ; to demand to have returned. 2. To call back from 
error, wandering or transgression, to the observance of 
moral rectitude ; to reform ; to bring back to correct de- 
portment or course of life. 3. To reduce to the state de- 
sired. 4. To call back ; to restrain. 5, To recall ; to cry 
out against ; [unusual.] 6. To reduce from a wild to a 
tame or domestic state ; to tame ; to make gentle. 7. 
To demand or challenge; to make a claim; a French 
use. 8. To recover. — 9. In ancient customs, to pursue 
and recall, as a vassal. 10. To encroach on what has 
been taken from one ; to attempt to recover possession. 

RE-CLAIM', V. i. To cry out ; to exclaim. Pope. 

t RE-CLAIM', n. 1. Reformation. Hales. 2. Recovery. 
Spenser. 

RE-CIjAIM'A-BLE, a. That may be reclaimed, reformed 
or tamed. 

RE-CLAIM'ANT, n. One that opposes, contradicts or re- 
monstrates against. Waterland. 

RE-CLAIM'ED, (re-klaind') pp. Recalled from a vicious 
life ; reformed ; tamed ; domesticated ; recovered. 

RE-CLAIM'ING, ppr. Recalling to a regular course of life ; 
reforming; recovering; taking; demanding. 

t RE-CLaIM'LEI^S, a. Not to be reclaimed. Lee. 

REC-LA-MA'TION, n. 1. Recovery. 2. Demand ; chal- 
lenge of something to be restored ; claim made. 

REC'LI-NATE, a. [L. reclinatus.] In botany, reclined, as 
a leaf ; bent downwards, so that the point of the leaf is 
lower than the base. 

REC-LI-NA'TION, r?. The act of leaning or reclining. 

RE-CLINE', V. t. [L. reclino.] To lean back ; to lean to one 
side m sidewise. 

RE-CLTNE', V. i. To lean ; to rest or repose ; as, to recline 
on a couch. 

RE-CLTNE', a. [L. reclinis.'] Leaning ; being in a leaning 
posture. [Little used.] Milton. 


RE-CLTN'ED, (re-kllnd') pp. Inclined back or sidewise. 

RE-CLiN'ING, ppr. Leaning back or sidewise; resting, 
lying* 

RE-CLoSE', V. t. [re and close.] To close or shut again. 
Pope. 

RE-CLoS'ED, (re-kl6zd') pp. Closed again. 

RE-CLoS'ING, ppr. Closing again. 

RE-CLuDE', r. t. [L. recludo.] To open. [Little used.] 

RE-CLuSE', a. [Fr. reclus ,• L. reclusus.] Shut up ; sequel^ 
tered ; retired from the world or from public notice ; soli- 
tary. 

RE-CLuSE', n. LA person who lives in retirement or se- 
clusion from intercourse with the world, as a hermit or 
monk. 2. A person who confines himself to a cell in a 
monastery. 

t RE-CLtjSE', V. t. To shut up. Donne. 

RE-CLuSE'LY, adv. In retirement or seclusion from so- 
ciety ._ 

RE-CLuSE'NESS, n. Retirement ; seclusion from society. 

RE-CLu'SION, n. A state of retirement from the world ; 
seclusion. 

RE-CLu'SIVE, a. Affording retirement from society. 

RE-CO-AG-U-LA'TION, ?i. A second coagulation. 

jRE-COCT', a. [L. recoctus.] New'-vamped. Taylor. 

* REC-0G-Ni"T10N, (rek-og-nish'un, or rek-o-nish'un) n. 
[L._ recognitio.] 1. Acknowledgment; formal avowal. 
2. Acknowledgment; memorial. 3. Acknowledgment; 
solemn avowal by which a thing is owned or declared to 
belong to, or by which the remembrance of it is revived. 
4. Knowledge confessed or avowed. 

* RE-€OG'NI-TOR, (re-kog'ne-tor, or re-kon'e-tor) n. One 
of a jury upon assize. Blackstone. 

* RE-€OG'NI-ZA-BLE, (re-kog'ne-za-bl, or re-kon'e-za-bl) 
a. That may be recognized or acknowledged. Orient. Col- 
lections. 

* RE-COG'NI-ZANCE, (re-kog'ne-zans, or re-kon'e-zans) 
n. [Fr. reconnoisance.] 1. Acknowledgment of a person 
or thing; avowal; profession. — 2. In law, an obligation 
of record which a man enters into before some court of 
record or magistrate duly authorized, with condition to 
do some particular act, as to appear at the assizes, to 
keep the peace, or pay a debt. 3. The verdict of a jury 
impanneled upon assize. 

* REC'OG-NlZE, (rek'og-nize, or rek'o-nize) v. t. [It. rico- 
noscere ; Sp. reconocer ; Fr. reconnoitre ; L. recognosco.] 
1. To recollect or recover the knowledge of, either with 
an avowal of that knowledge or not. We recognize tx per- 
son at a distance, when we recollect that we have seen 
him before, or that ,we have formerly known him. We 
recognize his features or his voice. 2. To review ; to re- 
examine. South. 

* REC OG-NiZE, V. i. To enter an obligation of record be- 
fore a proper tribunal. 

* REC'OG-NIZED, pp. Acknowledged; recollected as 
known ; bound by recognizance. 

* RE-COG-NI-ZEE', n. The person to whom a recognizance 
is made. Blackstone. 

* REC'OG-NIZ-ING, Acknowledging; recollecting as 
known ; entering a recognizance. 

* RE-COG-NI-ZOR', n. One who enters into a recogni- 
zance. Blackstone. 

RE-COIL', V. i. [Fr. reculer ,* It. rinculare ,* Sp. recular.] 
1. To move or start back ; to roll back. 2. To fall back ; 
to retire. 3. To rebound. 4. To retire; to flow back. 5. 
to start back ; to shrink ; as, nature recoils at the bloody 
deed. 6. To return. 

f RE-COIL', V. t. To drive back. Spenser. 

RE-COIL', n. A starting or falling back. 

RE-GOIL'ER, n. One who falls back from his promise or 
profession ; a revolter. 

RE-COIL'ING, ppr. Starting or falling back; retiring; 
shrinking. 

RE-€0IL'1NG, n. The act of starting or falling back ; a 
shrinking ; revolt. South. 

RE-COIL'ING-LY, adv. With starting back or retroces- 
sion. 

RE-COIN', V. t. [re and coin.] To coin again. 

RE-GOIN'AGE, n. 1. The act of coining anew. 2. That 
which is coined anew. 

RE-COIN'ED, (re-koind') pp. Coined again. 

RE-COIN'ING, Coining anew. 

REC-OL-LECT', v. t. [re and collect ; L. recolligo, rccol- 
lectus.] 1. To collect again ; to recover or call back ideas 
to the memory. 2. To recover or recall the knowledge 
of; to bring back to the mind or memory. 3. To recover 
resolution or composure of mind. 

RE-COL-LECT', v. t. To gather again ; to collect what 
has been scattered. 

REC'OL-LECT. See Recollet. 

REC-OL-LECT'ED, pp. Recalled to the memory. 

REC-OL-LECT'ING, ppr. Recovering to the memory. 

REC-OL-LEC'TION, n. 1. The act of recalling to the 
memory, as ideas that have escaped ; or the operation by 
which ideas are recalled to the memory or revived in the 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


REC 


677 


REC 


mind. 2. The power of recalling ideas to the mind, or 
the period within which things can be recollected j re- 
membrance. 

RE€-OL-LECT'IVE, a. Having the power of recollecting. 

IIEC'OL-LET, n. [Sp., Port, recoleto,] A monk of a re- 
formed order of Franciscans. 

RE-€OiM-BI-N ACTION, n. Combination a second time. 

llE-COM-BlNE', V. t. [re and combine.] To combine 
again. 

RE-COM-BlN^ED, (re-kom-bind') pp. Combined anew. 

RE-GOM-BINHNG, ppr. Combining again. 

RE-CoAPFORT, v. t. [re and comfort.] 1. To comfort 
again ; to console anew. 2. To give new strength. 

RE-€6M'FORT-ED, pp. Comforted again. 

RE-C6M'FORT-ING, ppr. Comforting again. 

t RE-CoM'FORT-LESS, a. Without comfort. Spenser. 

RE-COM-MENCE', (re-kom-mens') v. t. [re and com- 
mence.] To commence again ; to begin anew. 

RE-€OM-MEN'CED, (re-koin-menst') 'j^p. Commenced 
anew. 

RE-COM-MEN'CING, ppr. Beginning again. 

REC-OM-MEND', v. t. fre and commend', Fr. rccommand- 
er.] 1. To praise to another ; to offer or commend to an- 
other’s notice, confidence or kindness by favorable repre- 
sentations. 2. To make acceptable. 3. To commit with 
prayers. 

REC-OM-MEND'A-BLE, a. That may be recommended; 
worthy of recommendation or praise. Glanville. 

t RE€-OM-MEND'A-BLE-NESS, n. auality of being rcc- 
onnnendable. 

t REG-Or>I-MENDL\-BLY, adv. So as to deserve com- 
mendation. 

REC-OM-iMEND-A'TION, 7i. 1. The act of recommending 
or of commending ; the act of representing in a favorable 
manner for the purpose of procuring the notice, confi- 
dence or civilities of another. 2. That wliich procures a 
kind or favorable reception. 

REC-OM-MENDb\-TO-RY, a. Tliat commends to another; 
that recommends. Swift. 

RE€-OiM-MEND'ED, 27/7. Praised; commended to another. 

REG-OM-MEND'ER, n. One who commends. 

REG-OM-AIENDffNG, /7/7r. Praising to another; commend- 
ing. 

RE-GOM-MIS'SION, v. t. [re and commission.] To commis- 
sion again. Marshall. 

RE-GO AI-AIIS'SIONED, pp. Commissioned again. 

RE-GOM-AIIS'SION-ING, j)pr. Commissioning again. 

RE-GO AI-MIT', V. t. \re nnd commit.] 1. To commit again. 
2. To refer again to a committee. 

RE-GOM-AIIT'MENT, n. A second or renewed commit- 
ment ; a renewed reference to a committee. 

RE-GOAI-MIT'TED, pp. Committed anew ; referred again. 

RE-GOM-AIIT'TING, ppr. Committing again; referring 
again to a committee. 

RE-GOM-Mu'NI-GATE, v. i. \re and communicate.] To 
communicate again. 

RE-GOM-PAGT', 77. t. [re and compact.] To join anew. 

fRE-GOAI-PEN-SA'TION, ?r. Recompense. 

REG'OM-PENSE, v. t. [Fr. recompenser.] 1. To compen- 
sate ; to make return ohan equivalent for any thing given, 
done or suffered. 2. To requite ; to repay ; to return an 
equivalent ; in a bad sense. 3. To make an equivalent 
return in profit or produce. 4. To compensate ; to make 
amends by any thing equivalent. 5. To make restitution 
or an equivalent return for. Mum. v. 

REG'OM-PENSE, n. 1. An equivalent returned for any 
tiling given, done or suffered; compensation; reward; 
amends. 2. Requital ; return of evil or suffering or other 
equivalent ; as a punishment. 

REG'OAI-PENSED, pp. Rewarded ; requited. • 

REG'OAI-PENS-ING, pp/*. Rewarding; compensating; re- 
quiting. 

RE-GOAI-PtLE'AIENT, n. [7*e and compilement.] New 
compilation or digest. Bacon. 

RE-COAI-PoSE', V. t. [re and emnpose.] 1. To quiet anew ; 
to compose or tranquilize that which is ruffled or disturb- 
ed. 2. To compose anew ; to form or adjust again. 

RE-GOM-PoS^'El), (re-kom-pozd') pp. Q,uieted again after 
agitation formed anew ; composed a second time. 

RE-€OM-PoS'ING, ppr. Rendering tranquil after agitation ; 
forming or adjusting anew. 

RE-GOM-PO-SP'TION, n. Composition renewed. 

REG-ON-CTL'A-BLE, a. 1. Capable of being reconciled; 
capable of renewed friendship. 2. That may be made to 
agree or be consistent ; consistent. 3. Capable of being 
adjusted. 

REG-0 N-CiL'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being 
reconcilable; consistency. 2. Possibility of being restor- 
ed to friendship and harmony. 

REG-ON-CTLE', 77. t. [Fr. rcconcilier ; L. reconcilio.] 1. To 
conciliate anew ; to call back into union and friendship 
the affections which have been alienated ; to restore to 
friendship or favor after estrangement. 2. To bring to 
acijuiescence, content or quiet submission. 3. To make 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6 VE ; — BIJIjL, UNITE. — ' 


consistent or congruous ; to bring to agreement or suita- 
bleness. 4. To adjust ; to settle. 

I REG-ON-CILE', a. i. 'Po become reconciled, .^bp. San- 
er oft. 

REG-ON-CIL'ED, (rek-on-sild') pp. Brought into friend- 
ship from a state of disagreement or enmity ; made con- 
sistent; adjusted. 

REG-ON-CiLE'MENT, 71. 1. Reconciliation; renewal of 
friendship. 2. Friendship renewed. Milton. 

REG-ON-ClL'ER, n. 1. One who reconciles; one who 
brings parties at variance into renewed friendship. 2. 
One who discovers the consistence of propositions. 

REG-ON-CIL-1-a'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. reconciliatw.] ]. 
The act of reconciling parties at variance; renewal of 
friendship after disagreement or enmity. — 2. In Scripture, 
the means by wliich sinners are reconciled and brought 
into a state of favor with God, after natural estrangement 
or enmity ; the atonement ; expiation. 3. Agreement of 
things seemingly opposite, different or inconsistent. 

REG-ON-CTIjR-A-TO-RY, a. Able or tending to reconcile. 
Hall. 

REC-ON-ClL'ING, ppr. Bringing into favor and friendship 
after variance ; bringing to content or satisfaction ; show- 
ing to be consistent ; adjusting ; making to airree. 

RE-GON-DEN-Sa'TJON, n. The act of recondensing. 

RE-GON-DENSE', (re-kon-dens') v. t. [re and condense.] 
To condense again. Boyle. 

RE-GON-DENS'ED, (re-koii-denst') pp. Condensed anew. 

RE-GON-DENS'ING, ppr. Condensing again. 

^REGON-DITE, a. [L. rcconditus.] 1. Secret; hidden 
from the view or intellect ; abstruse. 2. Profound ; deal- 
ing in things abstruse. 

RE-GON'DI-TO-RY, n. A repository ; a store-house or mag- 
azine. [Little used.] Ash. 

RE-GON-DUGT^, v. t. [re and conduct.] To conduct back 
or again. Dryden. 

RE-€ON-I)UGT'ED, pp. Conducted back or again. 

RE-GON-DUGTRNG, ppr. Conducting back or again. 

RE-GON-FiRAP, v. t. [re and confirm.] To confirm anew. 

RE-CON-JOIN', 77. t. [re and conjoin.] To join or conjoin 
anew. Boyle. 

RE-CON-JOIN'ED, (re-kon-joind<) pp. Joined again. 

RE-GON-JOINTNG, ppr. Joining anew. 

RE-GON-NOIT'ER, v.t. [Fr. reconnoitre.] To view; to 
survey ; to examine by the eye ; particularly , in military 
affairs, to examine the state of an enemy’s army or camp, 
or the ground for military operations. 

RE-GON-NOIT'ERED, pp. Viewed ; examined by person- 
al observation. 

RE-GOA’-NOIT'ER-ING, ppr. Viewing ; e.xamining by 
personal observation. 

RE-GON'OUER, (re-kon'ker) v. t. [re and conquer ^ Fr. re- 
conquerir.] 1. To conquer again; to recover by con- 
quest. Davies. 2. To recover ; to regain ; [a French 
use.] 

RE-GON'Q,UERED, pp. Conquered again ; regained. 

RE-GON'CiUER-ING, ppr. Conquering again ; recovering. 

RE-GON'SE-CRATE, 77 . t. [re and consecrate.] To conse- 
crate anew. 

RE-GON'SE-GRA-TED, pp. Consecrated again. 

RE-GON'SE-GRA-TING, ppr. Consecrating again. 

RE-GON-SE-€Ra'TION, 71. A renewed consecration. 

RE-GON-SID'ER, v. t. [re and consider.] 1. To consider 
again ; to turn in the mind again ; to review. 2. To an- 
nul ; to take into consideration a second time and rescind. 

RE-GON-SIJ)-ER-A'TION, 77 . 1. A renewed consideration 
or review in the mind. 2. A second consideration ; an- 
nulment ; rescision. 

RE-GON-SID'ERED, pp. Considered again ; rescinded. 

RE-CON-SIU'ER-ING, ppr. Considering again ; rescinding. 

t RE-GON'SO-LATE, v. t. ^'o console or comfort again. 

RE-GON-VkNE', 77 . t. [re and convene.] To convene or 
call togetlier again. 

RE-CON-VkNE', 77 . i. To assemble or come togetlier again. 

R E-CON- VicN'ED, (re-kon-veend') pp. Assembled anew. 

RE-€ON-VicN'ING, ppr. Assembling anew. 

RE-CON-VER'SIOiS% n. [re and conversion.] A second 
conversion. Weever. 

RE-GON-VERT', v. t. [re and convert.] To convert again. 

RE-€ON-VERT'ED, pp. Converted again. 

RE-GON-VERT'ING, ppr. Converting again. 

RE-GON-VEY', v. t. [re and convey.] 1. To convey back 
or to its former place. 2. To transfer back lo a former 
owner; as, to reconvey an estate. 

RE-GO N-VEY'ED, (re-kon-vade') pp. Conveyed back ; 
transferred to a former owner. 

RE-GON-VEY'ING, ppr. Conveying back ; transferring to 

a former owner. , t-. j -i 

RE-GORD', 77 . t. [L. recorder ; Sp. recordar ; Fr. recorder.] 
1. To register ; to enroll ; to write or enter in a book or on 
parchment, for the purpose of preserving authentic or coi- 
rect evidence of a thing. 2. To imprint deeply on the 
mind or memory. 3. To cause to be remembered. 4. To 
recite ; to repeat ; [oi's.] 5. To call to mind ; [oAs.] 

as K ; G as J ; S as Z : CH as SH ; TII as in this, i Obsolete . 


REC 


678 


REC 


f RE-CORD', V. i. To sing or repeat a tune. Shak. 

^REC'ORD, 71. 1. A register ; an authentic or official copy 
of any writing, or account of any facts and ])roceedings, 
entered in a book for preservation ; or the book containing 
such copy or account. 2. Authentic memorial. 

t RE€-0 RD-a'T10N, 71. [h. recordatio.] Remembrance. 

RE-CORD'ED, pp. Registered; officially entered in a book 
or on parchment ; imprinted on the memory. 

RE-€ORD'ER, n. 1. A person whose official duty is to regis- 
ter writings or transactions ; one who enrolls or records. 
2. An officer of a city who is keeper of the rolls or records ^ 
or who is invested with judicial powers. 3. Formerlij^ a. 
kind of flute, liagelet or wind instrument. 

RE-CORD'IA’G, pp7*. Registering; enrolling; imprinting on 
the memory. 

RE-COUCII', V. i. [re and couch.1 To retire again to a lodge, 
as lions. JVotton. 

RE-COUNT', V. t. [Fr. rcconter ; Sp. rccontar ; It. raccon- 
tare.] To relate in detail ; to recite ; to tell or narrate the 
particulars ; to rehearse. 

RE-COUNT'ED, pp. Related or told in detail ; recited. 

RE-COUNT'ING, ppr. Relating in a series ; narrating. 

RE-COUNT'MENT, n. Relation in detail ; recital. [L. u.'\ 

t RE-COUR'ED, for recovered or recured. Spenser. 

RE-CoURSE', 71. [Fr. recours ; It. ricurso ; Sp. recurso j L. 
recursus.] 1. Literally^ a running back ; a return. 2. 
Return ; new attack ; 3. A going to with a request 

or application, as for aid or protection. 4. Application of 
efforts, art or labor. 5. Access ; [little 7ised.'\ 0. Frequent 
passage. 

tRE-CoURSE', 71. i. To return. Fox. 

t RE-CoURSE'FUL, a. Moving alternately. Di’mjton. 

RE-C6V'ER, V. t. [Fr. reco7ivrer ; It. ricoverare ; L. recti- 
pero.] 1. To regain ; to get or obtain that which was lost. 
2. To restore from sickness. 3. To revive from apparent 
death. 4. To regain by reparation ; to repair the loss of, 
or to rejiair an injury done by neglect. 5. To regain a 
former state by liberation from capture or possession. 6. 
To gain as a compensation ; to obtain in return for injury 
or debt. 7. To reach ; to come to. 8. To obtain title to 
by judgment in a court of law. 

RE-CoV'ER, 7\i. 1. To regain health after sickness; to 
grow well. 2. To regain a former state or condition after 
misfortune. 3. To obtain a judgment in law ; to succeed 
in a lawsuit. 

RE-C6V'ER-A-BLE, a. 1. That may be regained or recov- 
ered. 2. That may be restored from sickness. 3. That 
may be brought back to a former condition. 4. That may 
be obtained from a debtor or possessor. 

RE-€6V'ERED, pp. Regained ; restored ; obtained by judi- 
cial decision. 

RE-C6V-ER-EE', n. In law, the tenant or person against 
whom a judgment is obtained in common recovery. 

RE-€6V'ER-ING,ppr. Regaining ; obtaining in return or by 
judgment in law ; regaining health. 

RE-C6V'ER-OR, ti. In law, the demandant or person who 
obtains a judgment in his favor in common recovery. 

RE-C6V'ER-Y, n. 1. The act of regaining, retaking or ob- 
taining possession of any thing lost. 2. Restoration from 
sickness or apparent death. 3. The capacity of being re- 
stored to health. 4. The obtaining of right to something 
by a verdict and judgment of court from an opposing party 
in a suit. 

REG'RE-ANT, «. [Norm. rcc7*ea7?t.] 1. Crying for mercy, 
as a combatant in the trial by battel ; yielding ; hence, 
cowardly ; mean-spirited. 2. Apostate ; false. 

REC'RE-ANT, n. One who yields in combat and cries 
craven i one who begs for mercy ; hence, a mean-spirited, 
cowardly wretch. 

REC'RE-ATE, v. t. [L. reerco ; Fr. 7’ccreer ; It. ricrearc ; 
Sp. recrear.'] 1. To refresh after toil ; to reanimate, as 
languid spirits or exhausted strength ; to amuse or divert 
in weariness. 2. To gratify ; to delight. 3. To relieve ; 
to revive. 

REG'RE-ATE, v. i. To take recreation. .Addison. 

RE-CRE-aTE', V. t. To create or form anew. Marshall. 

REC'RE-A-TED, pp. Refreshed; diverted; amused; grati- 
fied. 

RE-CRE-a1’'ED, pp. Created or formed anew. 

REG'RE-A-TING, ppr. Refreshing after toil ; reanimating 
the spirits or strength ; diverting ; amusing. 

RE-CRE-aT'ING, ppr. Creating or forming anew. 

REC-RE-A'TfON, n. 1. Refreshment of the strength and 
spirits after toil ; amusement; diversion. 2. Relief from 
toil or pain ; amusement in sorrow or distress. Sidney. 

RE-€RE-a'TION, n. A forming anew. 

REC'RE-A-TIV'^E, a. Refreshing ; giving new vigor or ani- 
mation ; giving relief after labor or pain ; amusing ; divert- 
ing. 

RE€'RE-A-TTVE-LY, ado. With recreation or diversion. 

RE€'RE-A-TIVE-NESS, n. The quality of being refreshing 
or diverting. 

REC'RE-MENT, 71. [h. recrernentum.'] Superfluous matter 
separated from that which is useful ; dross ; scoria ; spume. 


REC-RE-MENT'AL, ) a. Drossy ; consisting of super- 
REC-RE-MEN-Ti"TI AL, > fluous matter separated from 
REC-RE-MEN-Ti"TIOUS, ) that which is valuable. 
RE-CRIM'I-NATE, v. i. [Fr. recriminer.] 1. To return 
one accusation with another. 2. To charge an accuser 
with the like crime. 

RE-CRIM'I-NATE, v. t. To accuse in return. South. 
RE-CRIM'I-NA-TING, ppr. Returning one accusation with 
another. 

RE-CR1M-I-Na'TION, n. I. The return of one accusation 
with another. — 2. In law, an accusation brought by the 
accused against the accuser upon the same fact, 
RE-€RIM'l-NA-TiVE, ) ^ , 

RE CRI lil'I-N A-TO-RY 1 accusation. But'ke. 

RE-CRIM'I-NA-TOR, n. He who retorts an accusation, 
RE-CROSS', V. t. To cross a second time. Washinerton, 
RE-CROSS'ED, (re krost') pp. Crossed a second time, 
RE-CROSS‘ING, ppr. Crossing a second time. 
RE-CRU'DEN-CY, The same as recrudesccncy. 
RE-CRU-DES'CENCE, ) n. [L. recrudescens .] The state 
RE-CRU-DES'CEN-CY, j of becoming sore again. Bacon. 
RE-CRU-DES'CENT, a. Growing raw, sore or painful 
again, 

RE-CRUlT', V. t. [Fr. recruter ; It. reclwtare ; Sp.reclutar.'] 
1. To repair by fresh supplies any thing wasted. 2, To 
supply Avith new men any deficiency of troops. 
RE-CRUIT', V. i. 1. To gain new supplies of any thing 
wasted ; to gain flesh, health, spirits, &c. 2. To gain 
netv supplies of men ; to raise new soldiers. 

RE-CRuIT', 71. The supply of any thing wasted ; chiefly, a 
new-raised soldier to supply the deficiency of an army. 
RE-CRuIT'ED, pp. Furnished with new supplies of what 
is wasted. 

RE-CRUIT'ER, n. One who recruits ; one who supplies a 
company with new members. 

RE-CRUIT'ING, ppr. Furnishing with fresh supplies ; rais- 
ing new soldiers for an army. 

RE-CRuIT'ING, n. The business of raising new soldiers to 
supply the loss of men in an army. 

RE-CRuIT'MENT, 7i. The act or business of raising new 
supplies of men for an army. Walsh. 
RE-CRYS'TAL-IZE, v. i. To crystalize a second time. 
RECT'AN-GLE, 7r. [Fr. ; 1j. rectatipulus.'] 1. Aright-an- 
gled parallelogram. — 2. In arithmetic, the product of two 
lines multiplied into each other. 

RECT'AN-GLED, a. Having right angles, or angles of nine- 
ty degrees. 

RECT-AN'GU-LAR, a. Right-angled; having angles of 
ninety degrees. Wotto7i. 

RECT-AN'GU-LAR-LY, adv. With or at right angles. 
Brown. 

REC'TI-FI-A-BLE, a. That may be rectified ; capable of 
being corrected or set right. 

REC-TI-FI-Ca'TION, 71. [Fr.] 1. The act or operation of 

correcting, amending or setting right that which is wrong 
or erroneous. — 2. In chemistry, the process of refining or 
purifying any substance by repeated distillation, which 
separates the grosser parts. 

REC'TI-FiED, pp. Corrected ; set or made right ; refined 
by repeated distillation or sublimation. 

REOTl-Fl-ER, 71. One that corrects or amends. Bailey. 2. 
One who refines a substance by repeated distillations. 3. 
An instrument that shows the variations of the compass, 
and rectifies the course of a ship. Encyc. 

REC'TI-FY, V. t. [Fr. rectifier^ It. rettificare ; Sp. rectifi- 
car.] 1. To make right ; to correct that which is wrong, 
erroneous or false ; to amend. — 2. In chemistry, to refine 
by repeated distillation or sublimation, by which the fine 
parts of a substance are separated from the grosser. — 3. To 
rectify the globe, is to bring the sun’s place in the ecliptic 
on the globe to the brass meridian. 

RE€^TI-FY-ING, ppr. Correcting; amending; refining by 
repeated distillation or sublimation. 

REC-TI-LIN'E-AL, ) a. [L. rectus and linea.'\ Right-lined ; 
REC-TI-LIN'E-AR, j consisting of a right line or of right 
lines ; straight. 

t RE€-TI-LIN'E-OUS, a. Rectilinear. Ray. 
REC'TI-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; It. rettitudinc ,* Sp. rectitud.] In 
tnorality, rightness of principle or practice ; uprightness of 
mind ; exact conformity to truth, or to the rules prescribed 
for moral conduct, either by divine or human laws. 
REC'TOR, n. [L. rector', Fr. rectetir ; It. rettore.'] I. A 
ruler or governor. 2. A clergyman who has the charge 
and cure of a parish, and has the tithes, &c ; or the par- 
son of an unimpropdated parish. 3. The chief elective 
officer of some universities, as in France and Scotla 7 id. 
4. The superior officer or chief of a convent or religious 
house ; and, among the .Jesuits, the superior of a house 
that is a seminary or college. 

f ft. Pertaining to a rector. Blackstone. 

REC'TOR-SHIP, 71. The office or rank of a rector. ^ 

RE€'TOR-Y, 71. 1. A parish church, parsonage or spiritual 


^ See Synopsis, a, E, T, o, D, Y, Zo7ior._FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 


t Obsolete. 


RED 


C79 


RED 


living, with all its rights, tithes and glebes. 2. A rector’s 
mansion or parsonage-house. Encyc. 

REG'TRIX ’ 1 governess. B. Jonson. 

REG'TUM, n. [L.] In anatomy, the third and last of the 
large intestines. Encyc. 

REC-U-Ba'TION, n. [L. recubo ; re and cubo, to lie down.] 
The act of lying or leaning. [Little used.] Brown. 

I RE-GuLE', V. i. To recoil. [-See Recoil.] Barret. 
RE-GUMB', V. i. [L. recumbo.] To lean 5 to recline ; to re- 
pose. 

ilE-GUMB'ENCE, n. [from L. recuinbejis.] The act of re- 
posing or resting in confidence. Ld. J^orth. 
RE-GUMB'EN-CY, n. 1. The posture of leaning, reclining 
or lying. 2. Rest j repose ; idle state. Locke. 
RE-GUAIB'ENT, a. [L. recurnbens.] 1. Leaning; reclin- 
ing. _2. Reposing ; inactive ; idle. Young. 
t RE-Gu'PER-A-BLE, a. Recoverable. Chaucer. 
RE-GU-PER-a'TION, 71. [L. rccuycratio.] Recovery, as of 
any thing lost. 

RE-GO'PER-A-TiVE, ) a. Tending to recovery ; pertain- 
RE-Gu'PER-A-TO-RY, \ ing to recovery. 

RE-GUR^, V. i. [L. reciu'i'o ; Fr. recourir.] 1. To return to 
the thought or mind. 2. To resort ; to have recourse, 
t RE-GuRE', V. t. [re and cure.] To cure ; to recover. 
tRE-GuRI'P, n. Cure; recovery. Knolles. 
t RE-GuRE^LESS, a. Incapable of cure or remedy. 
RE-GIJR'RENCE, 1 «. 1. Return. 2. Resort; the having 
RE-GUR'REN-CY, \ recourse. 

RE-GUR'RENT, a. [L. reciirreiis.] 1. Returning from time 
to time. — 2. In crystalography, a recurrent crystal is one 
whose faces, being counted in annular ranges from one 
extremity to the other, furnish two difierent numbers 
which succeed each other several times, as 4, 8, 4, 8, 4. — 
3. In anatomy, tlie recurrent nerve is a branch of the par 
vagum, given off in the upper part of the thorax, which is 
reilected and runs up along the trachea to the larynx. 
Wistar. 

RE-GUR^SION, n. [L. recMrsjts.] Return. [Little used.] 
RE-GURV'ATE, v. t. [L. recia'vo.] To bend back. 
RE-GURV‘ ATE, a. 1. In botany, bent, bowed or curved 
downwards. 2. Bent outwards. 

RE-GUR-Va'TION, or RE-GURV>I-TY, n. A bending or 
flexure backwards. Brown. 

RE-GURVE', (re-kurv') v. t. [L. rec^trvo.] To bend back. 
RE-GURV'ED, (re-kur\'^d') pp. Bent back or downwards. 
IIE-GURV'I-ROS-TER, n. [L. recurvus and rostrum.] A 
fowl whose beak or bill bends upwards, as the avoset. 
RE-GURV'OUS, a. [L. recurvus.] Bent backwards. 
RE-Gu'SAN-CY, n. Non-conformity. Coke. 

* RE-€C'SANT, a. [L. recwsa/ts.] Refusing to acknowledge 
the supremacy of the king, or to conform to the establish- 
ed rites of the church. 

^RE-GU'SANT, n. 1. In English history, a person who re- 
fuses to acknowledge the supremacy of the king in mat- 
ters of religion. 2. One who refuses communion with the 
church of England ; a non conformist. 

REG-U-Sa'TION, 71. [L. recusatio.] 1. Refusal. — 2. In law, 
the act of refusing a judge, or challenging that he shall 
not try the cause, on account of his supposed partiality, 
f RE-GuSE', V. t. [L. rccuso.] To refuse or reject, as a 
judge ; to challenge that the judge shall not try the cause. 
Digby. g 

RED, a. [Sax. red, read ; D. rood ; G. roth ; Sw. rod ; Dan. 
rod ; Corn, rydh.] Of a bright color, resembling blood. 
Red is a simple or primary color, but of several different 
shades or hues, as scarlet, crimson, vermilion, orange- 
red, &c. 

RED, n. A red color. JVewton. 

t RE-DAGT', V. t. [L. redactus.] To force ; to reduce to 
form. 

RED' AN, 77. [written sometimes redent and redens.] In /or- 
tijication, a work indented, or formed with salient and re- 
entering angles, so that one part may flank and defend 
another. 

t RED-AR'GUE, v. t. [Y. redarguo.] To refute, 
t RED-AR-Gu'TION, 71. Refutation; conviction. Bacon. 
RED'-BER-RIED, a. Having or bearing red berries. 
RED'-BiRD, 71. The popular name of several birds. 

RED BREAST, n. A bird so called from the color of its 
breast, a species of motacilla. 

RED' BUD, 77 . A plant or tree of the genus cercis. 
RED-("HALK', n. A kind of clay iron-stone ; reddle. 
RED'-GoAT, 77. A name given to a soldier who wears a 
red coat. Dry den. 

RED'DEN, (red'n) v. t. To make red. Dryden. 

RED'DEN, (red'n) v. i. 1. To grow or become red. 2. To 
blush. 

RED-DEND'UiM, n. In laic, the clause by which rent is re- 
served in a lease. 

RED'DISII, a. Somewhat red ; moderately red. Lev. xiii. 
RED'DISH-NESS, n. Redness in a moderate degree. 
RED-Di"TION,71. [Y.reddo.] 1. A returning of anything; 
restitution ; surre^ider. 2. Explanation ; representation. 


RED'DI-TIVE, a. [L. redditivus.] Returning ; answering 
to an interrogative ; a term of grammar. Johnson. 

RED'DLE, 77. [from red.] Red chalk, commonly used as a 
pigment. HilL 

t REDE, 71. [Sax. reed.] Counsel ; advice. Shale. 

f REDE, V. t. To counsel or advise. Spenser. 

RE-DEEM', V. t. [L. redimo.] 1. To purchase back; to 
ransom ; to liberate or rescue from captivity or bondage, 
or from any obligation or liability to suffer or to be forfeit- 
ed, by paying an equivalent. 2. To repurchase wliat has 
been sold ; to regain possession of a thing alienated, by 
repaying the value of it to the possessor. 3. To rescue ; 
to recover ; to deliver from. 4. To compensate ; to make 
amends for. 5. To free by making atonement. G. 'I’o pay 
the penalty of. 7. To save. 8. To perform what has been 
jiromised ; to make good by performance. — 1). In /a?c, to 
recall an estate, or to obtain the right to re-enter upon a 
mortgaged estate by paying to the mortgagee his principal, 
interest, and expenses or costs. — 10. In theology, to res- 
cue and deliver from the bondage of sin and its penalties. 
— 11. In commerce, to purchase or pay the value, in specie, 
of any promissory note, bill or other evidence of debt, 
given by the state, by a company or corporation, or by an 
individual. — To redeem time, is to use more diligence in 
the improvement of it. 

RE-DEExM'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be redeemed ; capaM.; 
of redemption. 2. That may be i)urchased or paid for in 
gold and silver, and brought into the possession of govern- 
ment or the original promiser. 

RE-DEEM'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being redeemable. 

RE-DEEM'ED, (re-deemd') pp. Ransomed ; delivered from 
bondage, distress, penalty, liability, or from the possession 
of anollier, by paying an equivalent. 

RE-DEEM'ER, n. 1. One who redeems or ransoms. 2. The 
Savior of the world, Jesus Christ. 

RE-DEEM'ING, ppr. Ransoming ; procuring deliverance 
from captivity, capture, bondage, sin, distress or liability 
to suffer, by the payment of an equivalent. 

RE-DE-LIB'ER-ATE, v. i. [re and deliberate.] To deliber- 
ate again. 

t RE-DE-L!B'ER-ATE, v.t. To reconsider. 

RE-DE-LIV'ER, v. t. [re and deliver.] 1. To deliver back. 
Ayliffe. 2. To deliver again ; to liberate a second time. 

RE-DE-UV'ER-ANCE, n. A second deliverance. 

RE-DE-LIV'ERED, pp. Delivered back ; liberated again. 

RE-DE-LIV'ER-ING, ppr. Delivering back ; liberating 
again. 

RE-DE-LI V'ER-Y, 77. The act of delivering back; also, a 
second delivery or liberation. 

RE-DE-MAND', v. t. [re and demand ; Fr. redcmandcr.] 
To demand back ; to demand again. .Addison. 

RE-DE-JMAND', n. A demanding back again. 

RE-DE-MAND'A-BLE, a. That may be demanded back. 

RE-DE-MAND'ED, ;7p. Demanded back or again. 

RE-DE-MAND'ING, ppr. Demanding back or again. 

RE-DE-MISE', V. t. [re and demise.] To convey or trans- 
fer back, as an estate in fee simple, fee tail, for life or a 
term of years. 

RE-DE-MISE', 77. Reconveyance ; the transfer of an estate 
back to Uie person who has demised it. 

RE-DE-MIS'ED, (re-de-mii^d') pp. Reconveyed, as an es- 
tate. 

RE-DE-MTS'ING, ppr. Reconveying. 

RE-DEMf'TION, n. [Fr. ; It. redenzione; L. redemptio.] 
1. Repurchase of captured goods or prisoners ; the act of 
procuring the deliverance of persons or things from the 
possession and power of captors by the payment of an 
equivalent ; ransom ; release. 2. Deliverance from bond- 
age, distress, or from liability to any evil or forfeiture, 
either by money, labor or other means. 3. Repurchase, 
as of lands alienated. IjCv. xxv. 4. The lilieration of an 
estate from a mortgage ; or the purchase of the right to re- 
enter upon it by paying the sum for which it was mort- 
gaged ; also, the right of redeeming and re-entering. 5. 
Repurchase of notes, hills or other evidence of debt by 
paying their value in specie to their holders. — 6. In theol- 
ogy, the ransom or delivenince of sinners froin the bond- 
age of sin and the penalties of God’s violated law by the 
atonement of Christ. Dryden. 

RE-DEMR'TION-ER, n. C3ne who redeems himself, or j)ur- 
chases his release from debt or obligation to the master of 
a ship by his services ; or one whose services are sold to 
pay the expenses of his passage to America. 

RE-DEMP'TOR-Y, a. Raid for ransom. Chapman. 

RE-DENT'ED, a. Formed like the teeth of a saw; in- 
dented. 

RE-DE-SCEND', v.i. [re and descend.] To descend again. 

RE-DE-SCEND'ING, ppr. Descending again. 

RED'E'fE, 77. A fish of a red color, the iris. 

RED'GUM, n. A disease of new-born infants ; an eruption 
of red pimples in early infancy. Good. 

RED'-H AIRED, a. Having hair of a red or sandy color. 

RED'-HOT, 77. Red with heat ; heated to redness. 

RED'I-ENT, a. [L. rediens.] Returning. E. H. Smith. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— B(JLL, UNITE.— G as K ; G as J ; .‘5 as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


REE 


680 


RED 

RE-DI-OEST/, V. t. To digest or reduce to form a second 
time. Kent. 

RE-DI-(jEST'ED, pp. Digested again. 

RE-DI-6EST'ING, ppr. Digesting a second time j reducing 
again to order. 

RE-DIN*TE-GRATE, v. t. [L. redinte^ro.] To make whole 
again ; to renew ; to restore to a perfect state. 

RE-DlN'TE-GRATPj, a. Renewed 3 restored to wholeness 
or a perfect state. Bacon. 

RE-DIN'TE-GRA-TED,pp. Renewed ; restored to entireness. 

RE-DIN'TE-GRA-TING, ppr. Restoring to a perfect state. 

RE-DIN-TE-GRa'TION, n. 1 . Renovation 3 restoration 10 
a whole or sound state. — 2 . In chemistry, the restoration 
of any mixed body or matter to its former nature and con- 
stitution. 

RE-DIS-BURSE', (re-dis-burs') v. t. [re and dishurse.l To 
repay or refund. Spenser. 

RE-DIS-PoSE', V. t. [re and dispose.] To dispose or adjust 
again. Baxter. 

RE-DIS-PoS'ED, (re-dis-pozd') pp. Disposed anew. 

RE-DlS-PoS'ING, ppr. Disposing or adjusting anew. 

RE-DIS-SeI'ZIN, n. [re and disseizin.] In law, a writ of 
redisseizin is a writ to recover seizin of lands or tene- 
ments against a redisseizor. 

RE-DIS-Se 1 'ZOR, 71 . [re and disseizor.] A person who dis- 
seizes lands or tenements a second time, or after a recov- 
ery of tlie same from him in an action of novel disseizin. 

RE-DIS-SOLVE', (re-diz-zolv') v. t. [re and dissolve.] To 
dissolve again. 

RE-DIS-SOLV^ED, (re-diz-zolvd^) pp. Dissolved a second 
time. 

RE-DIS-SOLV'ING, ppr. Dissolving again. 

RE-DiS-TRlB'UTE, v. t. [re and distribute.] To distribute 
again 5 to deal back again. Cot grave. 

RE-DIS-TRIB'U-TED, pp. Distributed again or back. 

RE-DIS-TRIB'U-TING, ppr. Distributing again or back. 

RE-DIS-TllI-Bu'TION, n. A dealing back, or a second dis- 
tribution. 

RED'-LEAD, (red'-led) n. [red and lead.] Minium, or red 
oxyd of lead. 

RED'LY, ado. With redness. Cotgrave. 

RED'iVESS, 7*. [Sax. 7 ead/ie55c.] The quality of being red 3 
red color. Spectator. 

RED'O LEN^% I [from redolent.] Sweet scent. Boyle. 

RED'O-LENT, a. [L. redolens.] Having or diffusing a 
sweet scent. Sandys. 

RE-D6UB'LE, (re-dubd) v. t'. [re and double.] 1 . To repeat 
in return. 2 . To repeat often. 3 . To increase by repeat- 
ed or continued additions. 

RE-D6UB'LE, (re-dub'l) v, i. To become twice as much. 

RE-D6UB'LED, (re-dub'ld) pp. Repeated in return 5 repeat- 
ed over and over 3 increased by repealed or continued ad- 
ditions. 

RE-D6UB'LING, (re-dub'ling) ppr. Repeating in return 3 
repeating again and again 3 increasing by repeated or 
continued additions. 

RE-DOUBT', ) i < n. [It. ridotto ; Sp. reducto ; Fr. 

RE-DOUT', \ Oo-ooui; ^ redoute.] In foidijication, an 
outwork 5 a small, square fort without any defense, ex- 
cept in front 3 used in trenches, lines of circumvallation, 
contravallation and approach, to defend passages, &c. 

RE-DOUBT' A-BLE, \ a. [Fr.] Formidable 3 that is to be 

RE-DOUT'A-BLE, ^ dreaded 3 terrible to foes. Hence, 
the implied sense is valiant. 

t RE-DOUBT ED, a. Formidable. Spenser. 

RE-DOUND', V. i. [It. ridondare ; L. redundo.] I. To be 
sent, rolled or driven back. 2 . To conduce in the conse- 
quence 5 to contribute 3 to result. 3 . To proceed in the 
consequence or effect 5 to result. 

RE-DOUND'ING, ppr. Conducing 3 contributing 5 resulting. 

RED'POLE, n. A bird with a red head or poll, of the genus 
frinsilla. 

RE-DRaFT', V. t. [re and draft.] To draw or draft anew. 

RE-DRAFT', n. 1 . A second draft or copy. — 2 . In the 
French commercial code, a new bill of exchange. Walsh. 

RE-DRAFT'ED,pp. Drafted again 3 transcribed into a new 
copy. 

RE-DRAFT'ING, ppr. Redrawing 3 drafting or transcribing 
again . 

RE-DRAW', V. U [re and draw.] ]. To draw again. — In 
commerce, to draw a new bill of exchange. Walsh. 2 . To 
draw a second draft or copy. 

RE-DRESS', V. t. [Fr. redresser.] 1 . To set right 3 to 
amend. 2 . To remedy 3 to repair 3 to relieve from, and 
sometimes to indemnify for. 3 . To ease 3 to relieve. 

RE-DRESS', 71 . 1 . Reformation 3 amendment. 2 . Relief 3 
remedy 3 deliverance from wrong, injury or oppression. 
3 . Reparation 3 indemnification. 4 . One who gives re- 
lief. Dryden. 

RE-DRESS'ED, (re-drest') pp. Remedied 3 set right 3 re- 
lieved 3 indemnified. 

RE-DRESS'ER, n. One who gives redress. 

RE-DRESS'ING,p77r. Setting right 3 relieving 3 indemnifying. 


RE-DRESS'IVE, a. Affording relief. Thomson. 

RE-DRESS'LESS, a. Without amendment 3 without relief. 
Shericjjod. 

RED-SeAR', V. i. [red and sear.] To break or crack when 
too hot, as iron under the hammer 3 a term of workmen. 

RED'SHANK, n. 1 . A bird of the genus scclopax. 2 . A 
contemptuous appellation for bare-legged persons. Spenser. 

RED'SHORT, a. [red and short.] Brittle, or breaking short 
when red-hot, as a metal 5 a term of toorkmen. 

RED'START, or RED'TaIL, n. [red and start / Sax. steort.] 
A bird of the genus motacilla. 

RED'STReAK, 11. [red and streak.] 1 . A sort of apple. 
Mortimer. 2 . Cider pressed from the red-streak apples. 

RE-DuCE', V. t. [L. reduco ; Fr. reduire ; It. riducere.] 1 . 
Literally, to bring back 3 [065.] 2 . To bring to a former 
state. 3 . To bring to any state or condition, good or bad. 
4 . To diminish in length, breadth, thickness, size, quan- 
tity or value. 5 . To lower 3 to degrade 5 to impair in dig- 
nity or excellence. 6. To subdue 5 to bring into subjec- 
tion. 7 . To reclaim to order. Milton. 8. To bring, as 
into a class, order, genus or species 5 to bring under rules 
or within certain limits of description. — 9 . In arithmetic, 
to change numbers from one denomination hito another, 
without altering their value. — 10, In algebra, to reduce 
equations, is to clear them of all superfluous quantities, 
bring them to their lowest terms, and separate the known 
from the unknown, till at length the unknown quantity 
only is found on one side and the known ones on the 
other. — 11 . In metallurgy, to bring back metallic sub- 
stances which have been divested of their form, into their 
original state of metals. — 12 . In surgery, to restore to its 
proper place or state a dislocated or fractured bone. — To 
reduce a figure, design or dratight, to make a copy of it 
larger or smaller than the original. 

RE-Du'CED, (re-dust') pp. Brought back 3 brought to a 
former state 5 brought into any state or condition 3 dimin- 
ished 5 subdued 3 impoverished. 

RE-DCCE'MENT, 77. The act of bringing back 3 the act of 
diminishing 3 the act of subduing 3 reduction. 

RE-Du'CER, n. One that reduces. Sidney. 

RE-DU'CI-BLE, a. That may be reduced. Dryden. 

RE-Du'CI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being reducible. 

RE-DU'CING, ppr. Bringing back 3 bringing to a former 
state, or to a diflerent state or form 3 diminishing 3 subdu- 
ing 3 impoverishing. 

t RE-I)U€rr', 7J. t. [L. reductus.] To reduce. Warde. 

RE-DUCT', n. In building, a little place taken out of a 
larger to make it more regular and unifonn, or for some 

ATVV^PH 

RE-DU€'TION, 77. ’[Fr. 3 L. reductio.] 1 . The act of re- 
ducing, or state of being reduced. 2 . Diminution. 3 . 
Conquest 5 subjugation.—^. In arithmetic, W\ehx\ng\ng of 
numbers of different denominations into one denomina- 
tion. — 5 . In a/^c^ra, reduction of equations 3 see Reduce, 
No. 10. 

RE-DUC'TIVE, a. [Fr. reductif.] Having the power of re- 
ducing. Brevint. 

RE-DUC'TIVE, 77. That which has the power of reducing. 

RE-DUC'TIVE-LY, adv. By reduction 3 by consequence. 

RE-DUND'ANCE, ) n. [L. redundantia.] 1 . Excess or su- 

RE-DUND'AN-CY, ^ perfluous quantity 5 superfluity 3 su- 
perabundance. — 2 . In di^ceurse, superfluity of words. 

RE-DUND'ANT, a. 1 . Superfluous 3 exceeding what is 
natural or necessary 3 superabundant 3 exuberant. 2. 
Using more words or images than are necessary or useful. 
— 3 . In music, a redundant chord is one which contains a 
greater number of tones, semitones or lesser intervals, 
than it does in its natural state, as from fa to sol sharp. 

RE-DUND'ANT-LY, ad?j. With superfluity or excess 3 su- 
perfluously 3 superabundantly. 

RE-Du'PLl-CATE, v. t. [L. reduplico.l To double. 

RE-DU'FLI-CATE, a. Double. 

RE-DU-PLI-Ca'TION, 77. The act of doubling. Digby. 

RE-Du'PLl-CA-TIVE, a. Double. Watts. 

RED'WING, 77. A bird of the genus turdus. 

REE, or RE, n. A small Portuguese coin or money of ac- 
count, value about one mill and a fourth. 

REE, V. t. To riddle 3 to sift 3 that is, to separate or throw 
off. [JVot in use, or local.] Mortimer. 

RE-ECH'O, V. t. {re and echo.] To echo back 3 to reverbe- 
rate again. 

RE-ECfl'O, V. i. To echo back 3 to return back or be rever- 
berated 3 as an echo. Pope. 

RE-ECH'O, 77. The echo of an echo. 

RE-ECH'OED, pp. Returned, as sound 3 reverberated again. 

RE-ECIl'O-ING, ppr. Returning or reverberating an eclio. 

KEECH'Y, a. [a mis-s[>elling of reeky.] Tarnished with 
smoke 3 sooty 3 foul 3 as a reechy neck. Shak. 

REED, 77. [Sax. hreod, reod ; G. rieth.] 1 . The common 
name of many aquatic plants. 2 . A musical pipe 3 reeds 
being anciently used for instruments of music. 3 . A little 
tube through which a hautboy, bassoon or clarinet is 
blown. 4 . An arrow, as made of a reed headed. 5 
Thatch. West of England. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, o, U, Y, 7t>77^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PRgY PIN, M.ARINE, BIRD 3— f Obsolete. 


REE 


681 


REF 


jREED'ED, a.. 1. Covered with reeds* Tusser. 2. Formed 
with channels and ridges like reeds. 

REED EX, (ree'dn) a. Consisting of a reed or reeds. Dryden, 

UEED'GRASS, n. A plant, bur-reed, of the genus spar cranium, 

KE-EU-I-FI-Ca^TIOX, n. [from re-edify.'^ Act or operation 
of rebuilding ; state of being rebuilt. D^Anville. Trans. 

RE-EO'f-FlEi), jyp. Rebuilt. 

RE-ED'1-FY, v.t. [Fr. reedijier.] To rebuild; to build 
again after destruction. Milton. 

RE-ED'1-F^-IxXG, ppr. Rebuilding. 

REED'LESS, a. Destitute of reeds. May. 

REED'MACE, n. A plant of the genus typha, Lee, 

REED'Y, a. Abounding with reeds. Thomson. 

REEF, n. [D. ree/,- Dan. rit7, or ; Sw. ?•«/.] A certain 
portion of a sail, between the top or bottom and a row of 
eyelet holes, which is folded or rolled up to contract the 
sail, when the violence of the wind renders it necessary. 

REEF, 11 . [G. riff; D. rif.] A chain or range of rocks lying 
at or near the surface of the water. Mar. ^ Diet. 

REEF, n. A cutaneous eruption ; a rash. Grose. 

REEF, V. t. To contract or reduce the extent of a sail by 
rolling or folding a certain portion of it and making it fast 
to the yard. 

REEF'BAND, n. A piece of canvas sewed across a sail, to 
strengthen it in the part where the eyelet holes are formed. 

REEFED, (reeft) pp. Having a portion of the top or bottom 
folded and made fast to the yard. 

REEF'ING, ppr. Folding and making fast to the yard, as a 
portion of a sail. 

REEF'-LlNE, n. A small rope formerly used to reef the 
courses by being passed through the lioles of the reef spirally. 

REEF'Y, a. Scabby. Grose. 

REEF'-TAG-KLE, n. A tackle upon deck, communicating 
with its pendant, and passing through a block at the top- 
mast-head- and through a hole in the top sail-yard-arm, is 
attached to a cringle below the lowest reef. 

REEK, 71. [Sax. 7-ec.] 1. Vapor; steam. 2. A rick. 

REEK, V. i. [Sax. recan, reocan ; D. rooken.] To steam; to 
exhale ; to emit vapor. Milton. 

REEK'ING, ppr. Steaming; emitting vapor. 

REEK'Y, a. Smoky ; soiled with smoke or steam ; foul. 

REEL, n. [Sax. hreol, reol.'] 1. A frame or machine turn- 
ing on an axis, and on which yarn is extended for winding, 
either into skains, or from skains on to spools and quills. 
2. A kind of dance. 

REEL, V. t. To gather yarn from the spindle. Wilkins. 

RFEL, V. i. [Sw. ragla.'] To stagger ; to incline or move in 
walking, first to one side and then to the other ; to vacillate. 

RE-E-LEGT', V. t. [re and elect.'] To elect again. 

RE-E-LEGT<ED, pp. Elected again ; rechosen. 

RE-E-LE€T'ING, ppr. Electing again. 

RE-E-LEG'TION, 11 . Election a second time, or repeated 
election. Swift. 

RE-EL-I-GI-BILT-TY, n. The capacity of being re-elected 
to the same office. 

RE-ELT-GI-BLE, a. [re and eligible.] Capable of being 
elected again to the same office. 

RE-EM-BaRK', V. t. [re and embark.] To embark or put 
on board again. 

RE-EM-BARK', V. i. To embark or go on board again. 

RE-EM-BAR-Ka'TION, n. A putting on board or a going 
on board again. 

RE-EM-BAT'TLE, v. t. [re and embattle.] To array again 
for battle ; to arrange again in the order of battle. 

RE-EM-BAT'TLED, pp. Arrayed again f^r battle. 

RE-EM BAT'TLING, ppr. Arranging again in battle array. 

RE-EM-BOD'Y, v. t. [re and embody.] To embody again. 

RE-EN-ACT^, V. t. [re and enact.] To enact again. 

RE-EN-ACT'ED, pp. Enacted again. 

RE-EN-A€T'ING, ppr. Enacting anew ; passing again into 
a law. 

RE-EN-A€'TION, n. The passing into a law again. 

RE-EN-A€T'MENT, n. The enacting or passing of a law 
a second time ; the renewal of a law. Key. 

RE-EN-FoRCE', v. t. [re and en force.] To strengthen with 
new force, assistance or support. 

RE-EN-FoK'CED, (re-en-forsF) pp. Strengthened by addi- 
tional force, troops or ships. 

RE-EN-FoRCE'MEXT, n. 1. The act of re-enforcing. 2. 
Additional force ; fresh assistance ; particularly , addi- 
tional troops or force to augment the strength of an army 
or of ships. 3. Any augmentation of strength or force by 
something added. 

RE-EN-FoR'CING, ppr. Strengthening by additional force. 

RE-EN-GaGE', V. t. To engage a second time. 

RE-EN-GaGE', r. i. To engage again; to inlist a second 
time ; to covenant again. Mitford. 

RE-EN-JOY', V. t. [re and enjoy.] To enjoy anew, or a 
second time. Pope. 

RE-EX-JOY'ED, (re-en-joyd') pp. Enjoyed again. 

RE-EN-JOY'ING, ppr. Enjoying anew. 

RE-EN-JOY'MENT, n. A second or repeated enjoyment. 

RE-EX-KIN'DLE, v. t. [re and enkindle.] To enkindle 
again ; to rekindle. Taylor. 


RE-EN-KIN'DLED, pp, Enkindled again. 

RE-EN-KIN'DLING, ppr. Enkindling anew. 
RE-EN-LIST', 75. t. To enlist a second time. See Re-inlist, 

RE-EN'TER, v. t, [re and enter.] To enter again or anew, 

RE-EN'TER, v. i. To enter anew. 

RE-EN'TERED, pp. Entered again. 

RE-EN'TEll-ING, ppr. 1. Entering anew. 2. Entering in 
return. 

RE-EN-THRoNE', v. t, [re and enthrone,] To enthrone 
again ; to replace on a throne. Southern. 

RE-EN-THRoX'ED, (re-en-thrond') pp. Raised again to a 
throne. 

RE-EN-THRoN'ING, ppr. Replacing on a throne. 

RE-EN'TRANCE, n, [re and entrance.] The act of enter- 
ing again. Hooker. 

REER'MOUSE, n. [Sax. hreremus.] A rear-mouse ; a bat. 

RE-E-STAB'LISH, v. t. [re and establish.] To establish 
anew ; to fix or confirm again. 

RE-E-STAB'LISHED, pp. Established or confirmed again. 

RE-E-STAB'LISH-ER, n. One who establishes again. 

RE-E-ST AB'LISH-ING, ppr. Establishing anew ; confirm- 
ing again. 

RE-E-ST AB'LISH-MENT, n. The act of establishing again ; 
the state of being re-established ; renewed confirmation ; 
restoration. 

[ RE-E-STaTE', V. t. [re and estate.] To re-establish. 

f REEVE, 71. [Sn\. gerefa ; G. graf.] A steward. Dryden. 

REEVE, 71. A bird, the female of the ruff. 

REEVE, V. t. In seamen's language, to pass the end of a 
rope through any hole in a block, thimble, cleat, ring-bolt, 
cringle, &c. 

REEVE, 75. t. To talk inconsistently. Craven dialect. 

RE-EX-AM-I-Na'TION, 71. A renewed or repeated exam- 
ination. 

RE-EX-AM'iNE, 75. t. [7*cand examine.] To examine anew. 

RE-EX-AMTNED, pp. Examined again. 

RE-EX-AM'IN-ING, ppr. Examining anew. 

RE-EX-CHaXGE', 71. [re and exchange.] 1. A renewed 
exchange. — 2. In commerce, the exchange chargeable on 
the redraft of a bill of exchange. 

RE-EX-PoRT', 75. t. [re and export.] To export again ; to 
export what has been imported. 

RE-EXToRT, n. Any commodity re-exported. 

RE-EX-POR-Ta'TION, 71. The act of exporting what has 
been imported. 

RE-EX-PoRT'ED, pp. Exported after being imported. 

RE-EX-PoRT'ING, ppr. Exporting w'hat has been im- 
ported. 

f RE-FECT^, 75. t. [L. refectus, reficio.] To refresh ; to re- 
store after hunger or fatigue. Brown. 

RE-FE€'TION, 71 . [Fr. ; L.refectio.] 1. Refreshment after 
hunger or fatigue. 2. A spare meal or repast. 

RE-FE€T'IVE, a. Refreshing ; restoring. 

RE-FECTTVE, n. That which refreshes. 

^RE-FECT'O-RY, 71. [Fr. refectoire.] A room of refresh- 
ment ; properly, a hall or apartment in convents and 
monasteries, where a moderate repast is taken. 

RE-FEL', 75. t. [L. refello.] To refute ; to disprove ; to re- 
press. [Little Tiscd.] Shale. 

RE-FER', v.t. [L. refer 0 ; Fr. referrer.] ]. To direct, 
leave or deliver over to another person or tribunal for in- 
formation or decision. 2. To reduce, as to the ultimate 
end. 3. To reduce ; to assign ; as to an order, genus or 
clsss • 

RE-FER^ 75 . t. 1. To respect ; to have relation. 2. To ap- 
peal ; to have recourse ; to apply. 3. To allude ; to have 
respect to by intimation without naming. 

REF'ER-A-BLE, a. J. That may be referred; capable of 
being considered in relation to something else. 2. TJiat 
may be assigned ; that may be considered as belonging to 
or related to. 

REF-ER-EE', n. One to whom a thing is referred ; partic- 
ularly, a person appointed by a court to hear, examine 
and decide a cause between parties, pending before the 
court, and make report to the court. — In Meio England, 
a referee differs from an arbitrator, in being appointed by 
the court to decide in a cause which is depending before 
that court. An arbitrator is chosen by parties to decide a 
cause between them. 

REF'ER-ENCE, n. 1. A sending, dismission or direction to 
another for information. 2. Relation ; respect ; view to- 
wards. 3. Allusion to.— 4. In law, the process of assign- 
ing a cause depending in court, for a hearing and decision, 
to persons appointed by the court. 

REF-ER-END'A-RY, n. 1. One to whose decision a cause 
is referred ; [obs.] 2. An officer who delivered the royal 
answer to petitions. 

tRE-FER'MENT, 71. Reference for decision. Laud. 

RE-FER-MENT', v. t. [re and ferment.] To ferment again. 

RE-FER'RED, (re-ferd') pp. Dismissed or directed to an- 
other ; assigned, as to a class, order or cause ; assigned 
bv a court to persons appointed to decide. 

RE-FER'RI-BLE, a. That may be referred ; referable. 

RE-FER'RING, ppr. Dismissing or directing to another for 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


REF 


G82 


REF 


lafotmation ; alluding ; assigning, as to a class, order^ 
tause, &c. ; or assigning to private persons for decision. 

RE-FIND', V. t: [re and Jind.] To find again 3 to experi- 
ence anew. Sandys. 

RE-FINE', V, t. [Fr. rajjincr ; It. raffinare ; Sp., Port, reji- 
narJ] 1 . To purify, in a general sense ; applied to liyuors, 
to depurate ; tc defecate ; to clarify ; to separate, as liquor, 
from all extraneous matter. — 2 . Jlpplied to metals, to sep- 
arate the metallic substance from all other matter. 3. To 
purify, as manners, from what is gross, clownish or vul- 
gar 3 to polish 3 to make elegant. 4. To purify, as lan- 
guage, by removing vulgar words and barbarisms. 5. To 
jmrify, as taste 3 to give a nice and delicate perception of 
beauty and propriety in literature and the arts. 6 . To 
purify, as the mind or moral principles. 

RE-FINE', V. i. 1 . To improve in accuracy, delicacy, or in 
any thing that constitutes excellence. 2. To become 
pure 3 to be cleared of feculent matter. 3. To affect nicety. 

RE-FIN'ED, (re-find') pp. Purified 3 separated from extra- 
neous matter 3 assayed, as metals 3 clarified, as liquors 3 
polished 3 separated from what is coarse, rude or im- 
proper. 

RE-FIN'ED-LY, adv. With affected nicety or elegance. 

RE-FiN'ED-NESS, n. State of being refined 3 purity 3 re- 
finement 5 also, affected purity. 

RE-FINE'MENT, ?t. 1. The act of purifying by separating 
from a substance all extraneous matter 5 a clearing from 
dross, dregs or recrement. 2. The state of being pure. 3. 
Polish of language 3 elegance 3 purity. 4. Polish of man- 
ners 3 elegance 5 nice observance of the civilities of social 
intercourse and of graceful decorum. 5. Purity of taste 5 
nice perception of beauty and propriety in literature and 
the arts. G. Purity of mind and morals 3 nice perception 
and observance of rectitude in moral principles and prac- 
tice. 7. Purity of heart ; the state of the heart purified 
from sensual and evil alfections. 8 . Artificial practice 3 
subtilty. 9. Affectation of nicety, or of elegant improve- 
ment. 

RE-FIN'ER, n. 1. One that refines metals or other things. 

2. An improver in purity and elegance. 3. An inventor 
of superfluous subtilties 3 one who is over nice in discrim- 
inatjon, in argument, reasoning, philosophy, &c. 

IlE-FIN'Eli-Y, Tu The place and apparatus for refining 
metals, 

RE-FIN'ING, ppr\ Purifying 3 separating from allo 3 ^ or any 
extraneous matter 3 polishing 5 improving in accuracy, 
delicacy' or purity. 

RE-FIT', V. t. [re and fit.'] To fit or prepare again 3 to re- 
pair 5 to restore after damage or decay. 

RE-FIT'TED, pp. Prepared again 3 repaired. 

RE-FIT'TING, ppr. Repairing after damage or decay. 

KE-FLECT', V. t. [L. reflccto ; Fr. rejlechirj It. rijicttere.] 
To throw back 3 to return. 

RE-FLEGT', v. i. 1. To throw back light 3 to return rays 
or beams. 2, To bend back. 3. To throw or turn back 
the thoughts upon the past operations of the mind or upon 
past events. 4. To consider attentively 3 to revolve in 
the mind 3 to contemplate. 5. To bring reproach. — To 
reflect on, to cast censure or reproach. Sicift. 

ilE-FEE€T'ED, pp. Thrown back 3 returned. 

RE-FLEGT'ENT, a. Bending or ffying back. Dighij. 

RE-FLE€T'I-BLE, a. That may be reflected or thrown 
back. Gregory. 

RE-FLEGT'lNG, ppr. 1. Throwing back. 2. Turning 
back, as thoughts upon themselves or upon past events. — 

3. Reflecting on, casting censure or reproach. 

RE-FLEGT'ING-LY, ado. With reflection 3 with censure. 

RE-FLE€'TION, n, [from reflect.] 1. The act of throwing 

back. 2. The act of bending back. 3. That which is 
reflected. 4. The operation of the mind by which it turns 
its views back upon itself and its operations. 5. Thought 
thrown back on itself, on the past or on the absent. 6 . 
The expression of thought. 7. Attentive consideration 3 
meditation 5 contemplation. 8 . Censure 3 reproach cast. 

RE-FLEGT'IVE, a. 1. Throwing back images. 2. Con- 
sidering the operations of the mind or things past. Prior. 

RE-FLECT'OR, n. 1. One who reflects or considers. Boyle. 
2. That which reflects. 

RE'FLEX, a. \1j. reflezus.] 1. Directed back. 2. Designa- 
ting the parts of a painting illuminated by light reflected 
from another part of the same picture. — 3. In botany, bent 
back 5 reflected. 

t RE-FLEX', 71. Reflection. Hooker. 

RE-FLEX', V. t. 1. To reflect. Shale. 2. To bend back 3 
to turn back ; [little used.] Gregory. 

RE-FLEX-I-BIL'I-TY, n. The qualify of being reflexibleor 
capable of being reflected. JSTewton. 

RE-FLEX'I-BLE, a. Capable of being reflected or thrown 
back. Cheyne. 

RE-FLEX'ION. See Reflection. 

RE-FLEX'I-T Y, n. Capacity of being reflected. 

RE-FLEX'IVE, a. Having respect to something past. 

RE-FLEX'IVE-LY, adv. In a direction backward. Gov. of 
the Tongue. 


Re'FLOAT, 71. [re tiwA float.] Reflux 3 ebb 3 a flowing 
back. [Little wsed.] Bacon. 

RE-FLO-RES'CENCE, n. [re and florescence.] A blossom- 
ing anew. 

RE-FLoUR'ISH, (re-flur'ish) v. i. [re and flourish.] To 
flourish anew. Milton. 

RE-FLoUR'ISH-ING, ppr. Flourishing again. 

RE-FLoW', Vv i. [re and floic.] To flow back 3 to ebb. 

RE-FLoW'lNG, ppr. Flowing back 3 ebbing. Darwin. 

RE-FLUCT-U-a'TION, 71. A flowing back. 

REF'LU EN^W | ^ ^^owing back. Mountagu. 

REF'LU-ENT, a. [L. refluens.] 1. Flowing back 3 ebbing. 
2. Flowing back 3 returning. 

RE'FLUX, 71. [Fr. 3 L. refluxus.] A flowing back 3 the 
returning of a fluid. Brown. 

RE-Fo'CIL-LATE, v. t, [It. refocillare ; Sp. refocilar ,* L. 
rcfoc'illo.] To refresh 3 to revive 3 to give new vigor to. 
[Little used.] 

RE-FO-CIL-La'TION, 71. The act of refreshing or giving 
new vigor 3 restoration of strength by refreshment. [L. w.J 

RE-FO-MENT', v. t. [re and/uiHciit.] I. To foment anew 3 
to warm or cherish again. 2. To excite anew. 

RE-FO-MENT'ED, 7 ip. Fo.nented or incited anew. 

RE-FO-MENT'ING, ppr. Fomenting anew 3 exciting again. 

RE-FORM', V. t. [Fr. reformer ; L. reformo.] 1. 'I'o change 
from worse to better 3 to amend 5 to correct 3 to restore to 
a former good state, or to bring from a bad to a good state 
2. To change from bad to good 3 to remove that which is 
bad or corrupt. 

RE-FORM', v.i. To abandon that which is evil or corrupt, 
and return to a good state 3 to be amended or corrected. 

Re'-FORM, V. t. [re and form.] To form again 3 to create 
or shape anew. 

RE-FORM', 71. Reformation 3 amendment of what is defect- 
ive, vicious, corrupt or depraved. 

REF-OR-Ma'DO, 71. [Sp.] 1. A monk adhering to the ref- 
ormation of his order. Weever. 2. An officer retained in 
his regiment when his company is disbanded. 

f RE-FORM'AL-iZE, V. i. To affect reformation 3 to pre- 


tend to correctness. Lee. 

REF-OR-Ma'TION, 71. I. The act of reforming 3 correction 
or amendment of life, manners, or of any thing vicious or 
corrupt. Dnjden. — 2. By way of eminence, the change of 
religion from the corruptions of popery to its primitive pu- 
rity, begun by Luther, A. D. 1517. 

RE-FOR-Ma'TION, 71. The act of forming anew 3 a second 
forming in order. Mitford. 

RE-FORM'A-TO-RY, a. Producing reformation. 

RE-FORM'ED, (re-formd') pp. Restored to a good stale. 

Re'-FORMED, pp. Formed anew. 

RE-FORM'ER, n. 1. One who effects a reformation or 
amendment. 2. One of those who commenced the refor- 
mation of religion. 

RILFORM'ING, ppr. Correcting w'hat is w'rong 3 amend- 
i_ng 3 restoring to a good state. 

Re'-FORM-ING, ppr. Forming anew. 

RE-F'ORM'IST, n. 1. One who is of the reformed religion. 
2. One who proposes or favors a reform. 

RE-FOR-TI-FI-Ca'TION, 71. A fortifying a second time. 

RE-FOR'TI-Fy, V. t.- [re and fortify ] To fortify anew. 

RE-FOS'SION, 71. The act of digging up. Bp. Hall. 

RE-FOUND', V. t. [re and found.] To found or cast anew. 

RE-FRACT', V. t. [L. refractus.] To break the natural 
course of the rays of light 3 to cause to deviate from a di- 
rect course. 

RE-FRAC-Ta'RI-AS, 71. A mineral. 

RE-FRACT'ED, pp. 1. Turned from a direct course, as 
rays of light. — 2. a. In botany, bent back at an acute 
angle. 

RE-FRACT'ING, ppr. I. Turning from a direct course. 2. 
a. That turns rays from a direct course. 

PcE-FE^AC'TlON, n. The deviation of a moving body, 
chiefly rays of light, from a direct course. 

RE-FRACT'IVE, a. That refracts or has power to refractor 
turn from a direct course. 

RE-FRACT'O-Rl-NESS, 71. [from refractory.] Perverse or 
sullen obstinacy in opposition or disobedience. 

RE-FRACT'O-RY, a. [¥y. refractaire ; Tu. refraclarius.] 1. 
Sullen or perverse in opposition or disobedience 5 obstin- 
ate in non-compliance. 2. Unmanageable ; obstinately 
unyielding. — 3. Jlpplied to metals, difficult of fusion 3 not 
easily yielding to the force of heat. . 

RE-FRACT'O-RY, n. 1. A person obstinate in opposition 
or disobedience. 2. Obstinate opposition 3 [ois.] 

*RE-FRa'GA-BLE, or REF'RA-GA-BLE, a. [L. refra- 
gor.] That may be refuted, that is, broken. 

RE-FRaIN', V. t. [Fr. refrencr ; It. rinfrenare ; L. rcfrwno.] 
To hojd back 3 to restrain 3 to keep from action. 

RE-FRaIN', V. i. To forbear 3 to abstain 3 to keep one’s 
self from action or interference. 

RE-FRaIN', 71. [Fr. ref rein.] The burden of a song 3 a 
kind of musical repetition. Mason. 

RE-FRaIN'ED, (re-fraind') pp. Held back 3 restrained. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT 3 — PREY 3 — PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3 — | Obsolete. 


REF 


683 


REG 


RE-FRaIN' 1NG, Holding back; forbearing. 

RE-FRaME', V. t. \re and frame.'] To frame again. 

RE*FRAN-GI-BIL'I-TY, n. The disposition of rays of light 
to be refracted or turned out of a direct course, in passing 
out of one transparent body or medium into another. 

RE-FRAI\'GI-BLE, a. [L.rcand frango.] Capable of being 
refracted or turned out of a direct course in passing from 
one medium to another ; as rays of light. 

REF-RE-Na'T 10N, 71. The act of restraining. 

RE-FRESfF, V, t. [Fr. rafratchir j It. rinfrescare ; Sp., 
Port, refrescar.] 1. To cool ; to allay heat. 2. To give 
new strength to ; to invigorate ; to relieve after fatigue. 
3. To revive ; to reanimate after depression ; to cheer ; to 
enliven. 4. To improve by new touches any thing im- 
paired. 5. To revive what is drooping. 

t RE-FRESII', n. Act of refreshing. Daniel. 

RE-FRESH'ED, (re-freshP) pp. Cooled ; invigorated ; re- 
vived ; cheered. 

RE-FRESIPER, n. He or that which refreshes, revives or 
invigorates. Thomson. 

RE-FllESHTNG, ppr. or a. Cooling ; invigorating ; reviv- 
ing ; reanimating. 

RE-FRESH'ING, 71. Refreshment; relief after fatigue or 
suffering. Morthner. 

RE-FRESH'MENT, 71. 1. Act of refreshing ; ornew strength 
or vigor received after fatigue ; relief after suftering. 2. 
New life or animation after depression. 3. That which 
gives fresh strength or vigor, as food or rest. 

RE-FRET^, 11 . The burden of a song. Diet. 

RE-FRIG'ER-ANT, a. Cooling ; allaying heat. 

RE-FRIG'ER-ANT, n. Among physicians, which 
abates heat and refreshes the patient. 

RE-FRIG'ER-ATE, v. t. refrigero.] To cool ; to allay 
the heat of ; to refresh. Bacon. 

RE-FRIG'ER-A-TED, pp. Cooled. 

RE-FRIG'ER-A-TING, ppr. Allaying heat ; cooling. 

RE-FRIG-ER- action, 7? . The act of cooling; the abate- 
ment of heat ; state of being cooled. Bacon. 

RE-FRiG'ER-A-TiVE, a. Cooling. 

RE-FRIG'ER-A-TiVE, n. A remedy that allays heat. 

RE-FRIG'ER-A-TO-RY, a. Cooling ; mitigating heat. 

RE-FRIG'ER-A-TO-RY, n. 1. In distillation, a vessel filled 
with cold water, through which the worm passes ; by 
which means the vapors are condensed as they pass 
through the worm. 2. Any thing internally cooling. 

j REF-RI-Ge'RI-UM, 71. [L.] Cooling refreshment ; refrig- 
eration. South. 

fREFT, p/7. of reave. 1. Deprived ; bereft. Shak. 2. pret. 
of reave. Taken away. Spenser. 

REFT, n. A chink. See Rift. 

REFTJGE, 71. [Fr. ; L. refugium, refugio.] 1. Shelter or 
protection from danger or distress. 2. Tliat which shel- 
ters or protects from danger, distress or calamity ; a strong 
hold ; any place inaccessible to an enemy. 3. An expe- 
dient to secure protection or defense. 4. Expedient, in 
general. 

REF'UGE, V. t. To shelter ; to protect.- 

t REF'UGE, V. i. To take refuge. Sir J. Finett. 

ilEF-U-GEE', 71. [Fr. refugie.] 1. One who flies to a 
shelter or place of safety. Dryden. 2. One who, in times 
of persecution or political commotion, flees to a foreign 
country for safety. 

RE-FUL'GENCE, ) ti. [L. refalgens.] A flood of light ; 

RE-FULY4EN-CY, ] splendor. 

RE-FUL'GENT, a. Casting a bright light ; shining ; splen- 
did. 

RE-FUL'GENT-LY, adv. With a flood of light ; with great 
brightness. 

RE-FUND', v. t. [L. refundo.] 1. To pour back. 2. To 
repay ; to return in payment or compensation for what 
has been taken ; to restore. 

RE-FUND'ED, Poured back; repaid. 

RE-FUND'ER, n. One who repays what is received. 

RE-FUND'ING,p;7r. Pouring back ; returning by payment 
or compensation. 

RE-Fu'SA-BLE, a. That may be refused. 

RE-Fu'SAU, n. 1. The act of refusing ; denial of anything 
demanded, solicited or offered for acceptance. 2. The 
right of taking in preference to others ; the choice of tak- 
ing or refusing ; option ; pre-emption. 

RE-FuSE', V. t. [Fr. refuser; Port, refusar.] I. To 
deny a request, demand, invitation or command ; to de- 
cline to do or grant what is solicited, claimed or command- 
ed. 2. To decline to accept what is offered. 3. To re- 
ject. 

RE-FuSE', V. i. To decline to accept ; not to comply. 

* REF'USE, a. [Fr. ref us.] Literally, refused ; rejected ; 
hence, worthless ; of no value ; left as unworthy of recep- 
tion. 

* REF'USE, 71. That which is refused or rejected as useless ; 
waste matter. Addison. 

t RE-FUSE', 77. Refusal. Fairfax. 

RE-FuS'ED, (re-fuzd') pp. Denied ; rejected ; not ac- 
cepted. 


RE-FCS'ER, 71. One that refuses or rejects. Taylor. 

RE-FuS'ING, ppr. Denying; declining to accept; rejecU 
ing._ 

RE-Fu'TA-BLE, a. That may be refuted or disproved j 
that may be proved false or erroneous. 

f RE-Fu'TAL, 71. Refutation. 

REF-U-Ta'TION, n. [L. refutatio.] The act or process of 
refuting or disproving ; the act of proving to be false or er- 
roneous. 

RE-FuTE', V. t. [Fr. refuter ; E. refuto.] To disprove and 
overthrow by argument, evidence or countervailing proof, 
to prove to be false or erroneous ; to confute. 

RE-FuT'ED, pp. Disproved ; proved to be false or errone- 
ous. 

RE-FuT'ER, n. One that refutes. 

RE-FuT'ING, ppr. Proving to be false or erroneous ; con- 
futing. 

RE-GaIN', V. t. [re and gain ; Fr. regagner.] To gain 
anew ; to recover what has escaped or been lost. 

RE-GaIN'ED, (re-gaind') pp. Recovered ; gained aneAV. 

RE-GaIN'ING, ppr. Gaining anew ; recovering. 

RE'GAL, a. [Fr. ; L. regalis.] Pertaining to a king ; king- 
ly ; royal ; as, a regal title. 

Re'GAL, 71. [Fr. regale.] A musical instrument. Bacon. 

RE-GaLE', n. [Fr. regale.] The prerogative of monar- 
chy. 

RE-GaLE', 77. A magnificent entertainment or treat given 
to embassadors and other persons of distinction. 

RE-GaLE^, V. t. [Fr. regaler y Sp, regular.] To refresh ; 
to entertain with something that delights; to gratify, as 
the senses. 

RE-GaLE', t;. i. To feast ; to fare sumptuously. Shcnstovc. 

RE-GaL'ED, (re-gald') pp. Refreshed ; entertained ; grati- 
fied^ 

RE-GaLE'MENT, 77. Refreshment; entertainment; grati- 
fication. 

RE-Ga'LI-A, 77. [L.] 1. Ensigns of royalty ; the appara- 

tus of a coronation ; the crown, sceptre, &.c. — 2. In law, 
the rights and prerogatives of a king. 

RE-GaL'ING, ppr. Refreshing ; entertaining ; gratifying, 

RE-GALT-TY, 77.. [from 'L. regalis y It. realtd y Fr. royautc.] 
Royalty; sovereignty; kingship. Bacon. 

Re'GAL-LY, adv. In a royal manner. Milton. 

RE-GARD', v. t. [Fr. regarder ; It. riguardare.] I. To look 
towards; to point or be directed. 2. To observe; to no- 
tice with some particirlarity . 3. To attend to AvitJi re- 
spect and estimation ; to value. 4. To attend to as a 
thing that affects our interest or happiness ; to fix the 
mind on as a matter of importance, 5. To esteem ; to 
hold in respect and affection. 6. To keep; to observe 
with religious or solemn attention. 7. 'I’o attend ta as 
something to influence our conduct. 8. To consider seri- 
ously ; to lay to heart. 9. To notice with pity or concern. 
10. To notice favorably or with acceptance ; to hear and 
answer. 11. To love and esteem ; to practice. 12. To 
respect; to have relation to. — To regard the person, to 
value for outward honor, wealth or pow'er. Matt. xxii. 

RE-GARD', 77. [Fr. regard; It. riguardo.] 1. Look; as- 
pect directed to another ; [Z. a.] 2. Attention of the 

mind; respect in relation to something. 3. Respect; es- 
teem ; reverence ; that view' of the mind which springs 
from value, estimable qualities, or any thing that excites 
admiration. 4. Respect; account. 5. Relation; refer- 
ence. 6. Note ; eminence ; account. 7. Matter demand- 
ing notice. 8. Prospect ; object of sight ; [oZ»s.] — 9. In the 
forest laws, view ; inspection. 

RE-GARD'A-BLE, a. Observable ; worthy of notice. 

RE-GARD'ANT, a. 1. In law, a villain regardant is one an- 
nexed to the manor or land. — 2. In heraldry, looking be- 
hind, as a lion or other beast. 

RE-GAR D'ED, pp. Noticed ; observed ; esteemed ; re- 
spected. 

RE-GARD'ER, n. 1. One that regards. — 2. In law, the re- 
garder of the forest is an officer whose business is to view 
the forest, inspect the officers, and inquire of all ofl'enses 
and defaults. 

RE-GARD'FUL, a. Taking notice ; heedful ; observing 
with care ; attentive. South. 

RE-GARD'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Attentively; heedfully. 2. 
Respectfully. Shak. 

RE-GARD'ING, ppr. 1. Noticing; considering Avith care; 
attending to; observing; esteeming; caring for. 2. Re- 
specting; concerning; relating to. 

RE-GARD'LESS, a. 1. Not looking or attending to; heed- 
less; negligent; careless. 2. Not regarded ; slighted. 

RE-GARD'LESS-LY, adv. Heedlessly; carelessly; negli- 
gently. 

RE-GARD'LESS-NESS,77. Heedlessness; inattention; neg- 
ligence. Whitlock. 

RE-Ga'TA, or RE-GAT'TA, n. [It. regatta.] In Venice, a 
grand rowung match with boats. 

RE-GATH'ER, V. t. To gather or collect a seconfl time. 

RE-GATH'ERED, pp. Collected again. 

RE-GATH'ER-ING, ppr. Gathering a second time. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


REG 


REG G84 


XlEG'EL, or REG'IL, n. A fixed star of the first magnitude 
in Orion’s left foot. 

Re'GEN-CY, n. [L. regens,] 1. Rule 5 authority ; gov- 
ernment. 2. Vicarious government. 3. The district un- 
der the jurisdiction of a vicegerent. 4. The body of men 
intrusted with vicarious government. 

RE-GEN'ER-A-CY, 71. The state of being regenerated. 

RE-GEN'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. regeyiero.] 1. To generate or 
produce anew ; to reproduce. — 2. In theology, to renew 
the heart by a change of affections j to implant holy affec- 
tions in the heart. Scott. 

RE-GEN'ER-ATE, a. [L. regeneratus.] 1. Reproduced. 
2. Born anew ; renovated in heart j changed from a natu- 
ral to a spiritual state. Milton. 

RE-GEN'ER-A-TED, pg. 1. Reproduced. 2. Renewed ; 
born again. 

RE-GEN'ER-ATE-NESS, n. The state of being regener- 
ated. 

RE-GEN'ER-A-TING, ppr. 1. Reproducing. 2. Renovat- 
ing the nature by the implantation of holy allections in 
the heart. 

RE-GEN-ER-a'TION, n. 1. Reproduction ; the act of pro- 
ducing anew. — 2. In theology, new birth by the grace of 
God. 

RE-GEN'ER-A-TO-RY, a. Renewing ; having the power 
to renew ; tending to reproduce or renovate. Faber. 

Re'GENT, a. [L. 1. Ruling j governing. 2. Ex- 

ercising vicarious authority. Miltoti. 

Re'GENT, ?t. 1. A governor; a ruler. 2. One invested 
with vicarious authority ; one who governs a kingdom in 
the minority, absence or disability of the king. — 3. In col- 
leges, a teacher of arts and sciences. — 4. In English 7ini- 
versities, a master of arts under five years standing, and a 
doctor under two. — 5. In the state of Mew York, the mem- 
ber of a corporate body which is invested with the super- 
intendence of all the colleges, academies and schools in 
the state. 

Rf:'GENT-Et;?S, n. A protectress of a kingdom. Cotgravc. 

RK'GENT-SHIP, n. 1. The power of governing, or the of- 
fice of a regent. 2. Deputed authority. 

RE-GERM'I-NATE, v. i. [rc and ger7ninate.] To germinate 
again. Lee. 

RE-GERIMT-NA-TING, ppr. Germinating anew. 

RE-GERM-I-Na'TION, 71. A sprouting or germination 
anew. 

t RE-GEST^, n. A register. Milton. 

|REG'I-BLE, a. Governable. Diet, 

REGT-CTDE, V. [It., Sp. regicida ; Fr. regicide.] 1. A 
king-killer; one who murders a king. 2. The murder of 
a king. 

REG'I-MEiSr, 71. [L.] 1. In 7nedicine, the regulation of diet 

with a view to the preservation or restoration of health. 
2. Any regulation or remedy which is intended to pro- 
duce beneficial effects by gradual operation. — 3. In gram- 
mar, government ; that part of syntax or construction, 
which regulates the dependency of words ; the words 
governed. 4. Orderly government ; system of order. 

REG'l-MENT, 71 . regimen.] 1. In 7nilitar7j affairs, a 
body of men consisting of a number of companies com- 
manded by a colonel. 2. Government; mode of ruling ; 
rule ; authority ; Hooker. 

REG'I-x\IENT, 7). t. To form into a regiment or into regi- 
ments with proper officers. Smollet. 

REG-I-MENTML, a. Belonging to a regiment. 

REG-I-MENT'ALS, 71. plu. The uniform worn by the 
troops of a regiment. 

REG'I-MENT-ED, pp. Formed into a regiment; incorpo- 
rated with a regiment. Washbrgton. 

Re'GION, (re'jun) n. [Fr., Sp. region', \i. regio7ie L. re- 
gio.] 1. A tract of land or space of indefinite extent, 
usually a tract of considerable extent. 2. The inhabitants 
of a region or district of country. Matt. iii. 3. A part of 
the body. 4. Place ; rank. Shak. 

REGTS-TER, 71. [Fr. registre, 7'egttre ; Low L. I'egis- 
trum.] 1. A written account or entry of acts, judgments 
or proceedings, for preserving and conveying to future 
times an exact knowledge of transactions. The word ap- 
propriately denotes an official account of the proceedings 
of a public body, a prince, a legislature, a court, an incor- 
porated company and the like, and in this use it is synony- 
mous with record. 2. The book in which a register or 
record is kept, as a parish register. 3. [Low L. 7-egistra- 
rius,] The officer or person whose business is to write or 
enter in a book accounts of transactions. — 4. In chemistry 
and tlie arts, an aperture with a lid, stopper or sliding 
plate, in a furnace, stove, &c. for regulating the admis- 
sion of air and the heat of the fire. 5. The inner part 
of the mold in which types are cast. — 6. In printing, the 
correspondence of columns on the opposite sides of the 
sheet. 7. A sliding piece of wood, used as a stop in an 
organ. 

REG'IS-TER, 77. t. 1. To record ; to write in a book for 
preserving an exact account of facts and proceedings. 2. 
to enroll ; to enter in a list. 


REGTS-TER-SHIP, n. The office of register. 

REG'IS-TRAR, )n. An officer in the E7iglish 7iniversi- 

REG'IS-TRA-RY, ^ ties, who has the keeping of all the 
public records. 

REG-IS-TRa'TION, 71 . The act of inserting in a register. 

REG'IS-TRY, V, 1. The act of recording or writing in a 
register. 2. The place where a register is kept. 3. A 
series of facts recorded. 

t REG'LE-MENT, 71. [Fr.] Regulation. Bacon. 

REG'LET, 71. [Fr.] A ledge of wood exactly planed, used 
by printers to separate lines and make the work more 
open. 

REG'NANT, a. [Fr.] 1. Reigning ; exercising regal au- 

thority ; as, a queen regnant. 2. Ruling ; predominant ; 
prevalent ; having the chief power. Swift. 

RE-GORGE', (re-gorj') v. t. [Fr. regorger.] ]. To vomit 
up ; to eject from the stomach ; to throw hack or out 
again. 2. To swallow again. 3. To swallow eagerly. 

t RE-GRaDE', v. i. [L. regredior.] To retire ; to go back. 

RE-GRAFT', v. t. [re and graft.] To graft again. 

RE-GRAFT'ED, pp. Grafted again. 

RE-GRaFT'LVG, ppr. Grafting anew. 

RE-GRANT', v. t. [re and grant.] To grant back, .^yliff . 

RE-GRANT', n. The act of granting back to a former pro- 
prietor. 

RE-GRANT'ED, pp. Granted back. 

RE-GRANT'ING, ppr. Granting back. 

RE-GRATE', v. t. [Fr. regrattcr.] 1. To oftend ; to shock ; 
[Z. 7t.] 2. To buy provisions and sell them again in tlie 

same market or fair; a practice which, by raising the 
price, is a public offense and punishable. Regrating dif- 
fers from eng7'ossing and monopolizmg, which signil’y the 
buying the whole of certain articles, or large quantities, 
and from forestalling, which signifies the purchase of pro- 
visions on the way, before they reach the market. 

RE-GRAT'ER, n. One who buys provisions and sells them 
in the same market or fair. 

RE-GRAT'ING, ppr. Purchasing provisions and selling 
them in the same market. 

RE-GREET', u. t. [re nndi greet.] To greet again; tore- 
salute. 

RE-GREET', n. A return or exchange of salutation. 

RE-GREET'ED, pp. Greeted again or in return. 

RE-GREET'ING, ppr. Greeting again ; resaluting. 

Re'GRESS, n. [Fr. regres ; L. 7'egressus.] 1. Passage 
back ; return. 2. Tlie power of returning or passing 
back. 

RE-GRESS', 7’. i. To go back ; to return to a former place 
or state. Brown. 

RE-GRES'SrON, 71. The act of passing back or returning. 
Broicn. 

RE-GRESS'IVE, a. Passing back ; returning. 

RE-GRESS'IVE-LY, adv. In a backward way or manner; 
by return. Johnson. 

RE-GRET', n. [Fr. regret.] 1. Grief; sorrow; pain of 
mind. 2. Pam of conscience ; remorse. 3. Dislike ; 
aversion ; [oZ»5.] 

RE-GRET', v.t. [Fr. regretter.] 1. To grieve at; to la- 
ment ; to be sorry for \ to repent. 2. To be uneasy at ; 
[oZ>5.] 

RE-GRET'FUL, a. Full of regret. Fanshaw. 

RE-GRET'FUL-LY, adv. With regret. Qreenhill. 

RE-GRET'TED, pp. Lamented. 

RE-GRET'TING, ppr. Lamenting ; grieving at ; repent- 
ing. 

f RE-GUERD'ON, (re-gerd'im) ?t. [re, and Fr. g7cerdon.] A 
reward ; a recompense. Skak. 

t RE-GUERD'ON, (re-gerd'un) r. Z. To reward. Shak. 

REG'U-LAR, a. [!?p. regular ; Fr. reguliei' ,■ L. regnlaHs.] 

1. Conformed to a rule; agreeable to an established rule, 
law or principle, to a prescribed mode or to established 
customary forms. 2. Governed by rule or rules; steady 
or uniform in a course or practice. — 3. In geoinetry, a reg- 
7ilar figure is one whose sides and angles are equal, as^^a 
square, a cube, or an equilateral triangle. 4. Instituted 
or initiated according to established forms or discipline. 
5. Methodical ; orderly. 6. Periodical. 7. Pursued with 
uniformity or steadiness. 8. Belonging to a monastic 
order. — Regular troops, troops of a permanent army ; op- 
posed to 77iilitia. 

REG'U-IiAR, V. 1. In a monastr7'y, one who has taken the 
vows, and who is bound to follow the rules of the order. 

2. A soldier belonging to a permanent army. 

REG-TJ-LAR'I-TY, n. 1. Agreeableness to a rule or to 

established order. 2. Method ; certain order. 3. Con- 
formity to certain principles. 4. Steadiness or uniformi- 
ty in a course. 

REG'U-Lx\R-LY, adv. 1. In a manner accordant to a 
rule or established mode. 2. In uniform order ; at cer- 
tain intervals or periods. 3. Methodically ; in due or- 
der. 

REG'U-LATE, v. t. 1. To adjust by rule, method or estab- 
lished mode. 2. To put in good order. 3. To subject to 
rules or restrictions. 


* See Sijnopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


REI 


685 


REI 


REG'U-LA-TED, pp. Adjusted by rule, method or forms 5 
put in good order j subjected to rules or restrictions. 

REG'U-LA-TING, ppr. Adjusting by rule, method oi 
forms ; reducing to order 5 subjecting to rules or restric- 
tions. 

REG-U-La'TION, n. 1 . The act of regulating or reducing to 
order. 2 . A rule or order prescribed by a superior for the 
management of some business, or for the government of a 
company or society. 

REG'U-LA-TOR, n. 1 . One who regulates. 2 . The small 
spring of a watch, which regulates its motions by retard- 
ing or accelerating them. 3 . Any part of a machine which 
regulates its movements. 

REG'G-LINE, a. Pertaining to regulus or pure metal. 

REG'U-LiZE, V. t. To reduce to regulus or pure metal ; to 
separate pure metal from extraneous matter. 

REG'U-LUS, n. [L.; Fr. regide. For the plural, some au- 
thors write reguli, and others reg'ultises.] In chemistry, 
the finer or pure part of a metallic substance, which, in 
the melting of ores, falls to the bottom of the crucible. 

RE-GUllG'I-TATE, v. t. [Fr. regorger.'^ To throw or pour 
back, as from a deep or hollow place 3 to pour or throw 
back in great quantity. 

RE-GURG'I-TATE, v. i. To be thrown or poured back. 
Harvey. 

RE-GURG'I-TA-TED, pp. Thrown or poured back. 

RE-GURG'I-TA-TING, ppr. Throwing or pouring back. 

RE-GURG-I-Ta'TION, n. 1 . The act of pouring back. 2 . 
The act of swallowing again ; reabsorption. 

RE-HA-BIL'I-TAI’E, v. t. [Fr. rehabiliter.] To restore to 
a former capacity ; to reinstate 3 to qualify again 3 to re- 
store, as a delinquent to a former right, rank or privilege 
lost or forfeited. 

RE-HA-BIL'I-TA-TED, pp. Restored to a former rank, 
right, privilege or capacity 3 reinstated. 

RE-HA-BIL'I-TA-TING, ppr. Restoring to a former right, 
rank, privilege or capacity 3 reinstating. 

RE-H A-BIL-I-Ta'TION, n. The act of reinstating in a for- 
mer rank or capacity 3 restoration to former rights. 

RE-HeAR', V. t.; pret. and pp. reheard, [re and hear.] To 
hear_again 3 to try a second time. 

RE-HeARD', [See* Heard.] pp. Heard again. 

HE-HeAR'ING, ppr. Hearing a second time. 

RE-HeAR'ING, 71 . 1 . A second hearing. Addison. — 2 . In 
laiD, a second hearing or trial. 

RE-HEARS'AL, (re-hers'al) n. 1 . Recital 3 repetition of 
the words of another or of a written work. 2 . Narra- 
tion 5 a telling or recounting, as of particulars in detail. 
3 . The recital of a piece before the public exhibition 
of it. 

RE-HEARSE', (re-hers') v.t. 1 . To recite 3 to repeat the 
words of a passage or composition 3 to repeat the words of 
another. 2 . To narrate or recount events or transactions. 
3 . To recite or repeat in private for experiment and im- 
provement, before a public representation. 

RE-HEARS'ED, (re-herst') pp. Recited 3 repeated, as words 3 
narrated. 

RE-HEARS'ER, (re-hers'er) n. One wlio recites or nar- 
rates. 

RE-HEARS'ING, (re-hers'ing) ppr. Reciting 3 repeating 
words 3 recounting 3 telling 5 narrating. 

ReI'GLE, (re'gl) n. [Fr. r^glc.] A hollow cut or channel 
for guiding any thing. Carew. 

REIGN, (rane) v. i. [L. regno ; Fr. regner ; It. regnare ; Sp. 
reynar.] I. To possess or exercise sovereign power or 
authority : to rule 3 to exercise government, as a king or 
emperor 3 or to hold the supreme power. 2 . To be pre- 
dominant 3 to prevail. 3 . To rule 3 to have superior or 
uncontrolled dominion. Rom. vi. 

REIGN, (rane) n. [Fr. regne ; Jj. regnum.] 1 . Royal au- 
thority 3 supreme power 3 sovereignty. 2 . The time dur- 
ing which a king, queen or emperor possesses the supreme 
authority. 3 . Kingdom 3 dominion. 4 . Power 3 influence. 
^ Pi*0v&l0riG0 

REIGN'ER, (ra'ner) n. Ruler. Sherwood. 

REIGN'ING, (ra'ning) ppr. 1 . Holding or exercising su- 
preme power 3 ruling 3 governing, as king, queen or em- 
peror. 2 . a. Predominating 3 prevailing. 

RE-IM-BARK'. See Re-emeark. 

RE-IM-BOD'Y, V. i. [re and imbody.] Toimbody again 3 to 
be formed into a body anew. Boyle. 

RE-IM-BURS'A-BLE, a. That may be repaid. Hamilton. 

RE-IM-BURSE', (re-im-burs') v. t. [Fr. rembourser ; It. 
rimborsare.] To refund 3 to replace in a treasury or in a 
private coffer, and equivalent to the sum taken from it, 
lost or expended. 

RE-IM-BURS'ED, (re-im-burst') pp. Repaid 3 refunded 3 
made good, as loss or expense. 

RE-IM-BURSE'MENT, (re-im-burs'ment) n. The act of 
repaying or refunding 3 repayment. Hamilton 

RE-IM-BURS'ER, n. One who repays or refunds what has 
been lost or expended. 

RE-IM-BURS'ING, ppr. Repaying 3 refunding 3 making 
good, as loss or expense. 


RE-IM-PLANT', v. t. [re and implant.] To implant again# 

RE-IM-PLANT'ED,pp. Implanted anew. 

RE-IM-PLANT'ING, Implanting again. 

RE-IM-POR-TuNE', v. t. [re and importtine.] To impor- 
tune again. 

RE-IIM-POR-TuN'ED, (re-im-por-tCind') pp. Importuned 
again. 

RE-IM-POR-TuNTNG, ppr. Importuning again. 

RE-IM-PREG'NATE, v. t. [re and impregnate.] To im- 
pregnate again. Brown. 

RE-IM-PREG'NA-TED, pp. Impregnated again. 

RE-IM-PREG'NA“TING, ppr. Impregnating again. 

RE-IM-PRESS', V. t. [re and imjrress.] To impress anew. 

RE-IM-PRESS'ED, (re-im-prest') pp. Impressed again. 

RE-IM-PRESS'ING, ppr. Impressing again. 

RE-IM-PRES'SION, n. A second or repeated impression. 

RE-IM-PRINT', V. t. [re and imprint.] To imprint again. 

RE-IM-PRINT'ED, pp. Imprinted again. 

RE-IM-PRINT'ING, ppr. Imprinting anew. 

RE-IM-PRIS'ON, V. t. To imprison a second time. 

RE-IM-PRIS'ONED, pp. Imprisoned a second time. 

RE-IM-PRIS'ON-IJMG, ppr. Imprisoning a second time. 

RE-IM-PRIS'ON-MENT, 71. The act of confining in prison 
a second time. 

REIN, 71 . [Fr. rSne, from resne.] 1 . The strap of a bridle, 
fastened to the curb or snaffle on each side, by which the 
rider of a horse restrains and governs him. 2 . The in- 
strument of curbing, restraining or governing 3 govern- 
ment. — To give the rems, to give license 3 to leave with- 
out restraint. — To take the reins, to take the guidance or 
government. 

REIN, V. t. ff’o govern by a bridle. Jililton. 2 . To restrain 5 
to control. Shak. 

REIN'HEER, > 71 . [Sax. hrana. See Rane.] A species of 

RaNE'DEER, ^ the cervine genus. 

RE-IN-FEGT', v. t. [re and infect.] To infect again. 

RE-IN-FECT'ED, pp. Infected again. 

RE-IN-FEGTMNG, ]7pr. Infecting again. 

RE-IN-FEG'TIOUS, a. Capable of infecting again. 

RE-IN-FoRCE', v. t. [re and enforce.] To give new force 
to 3 to strengthen by new assistance or support. 

RE-IN-FoR'CED, (re-in-forst') pp. Strengthened by addi- 
tional force. 

RE-IN-FoRCE'MENT, 71. New force added 3 fresh supplies 
of strength 3 pai-ticularly , additional troops or ships. 

RE-IN-FoR'CING, ppr. Adding fresh force to. 

RE-IN-GRa'TI ATE, v. t. [re and ingratiate.] To ingra- 
tiate again 3 to recommend again to favor. Herbert. 

RE-IN-GRa'TIA-TED, pp. Reinstated in favor. 

RE- 1 N-GRa'TIA-TING, ppr. Ingratiating again. 

RE-IN-HAB'IT, V. t. [re and inhabit.] To inhabit again. 

RE-IN-HAB'IT-ED, pp. Inhabited again. 

RE-IN-HAB'IT-ING, ppr. Inhabiting a second time. 

REIN'LESS, a. Without rein 3 without restraint 3 un- 
checked. 

RE-IN-LIST', V. t. or i. To inlist again. Marshall. 

RE-IN-LIST'ED, pp. Inlisted anew. 

RE-IN-LIST'ING, ppr. Inlisting anew. 

RE-IN-LIST'MENT, n. The act of inlisting anew 3 the act 
of engaging again in military service. 

RE-IN-ClUIRE', r. f. To inquire a second time. Brown. 

REINS, n. plu. [Fr. rein, rognon ; F. ren, renes.] 1 . The 
kidneys 3 the lower part of the back. — 2 . In Scripture, the 
inward parts 3 the heart, or seat of the afffections and pas- 
sions. Ps. Ixxiii. 

RE-IN-SERT', V. t. [re and inserd.] To insert a second 
time. 

RE-IN-SERT'ED, pp. Inserted again. 

RE-IN-SERT'ING, ppr. Inserting again. 

RE-IN-SER'TION, 71. A second insertion. 

RE-IN-SPECT', V. t. To inspect again, as provisions. 

RE-IN-SPEC'TION, ?i. The act of inspecting a second 
time. 

RE-IN-SPTRE', V. t. [re and inspire.] To inspire anew. 

RE-IN-SPIR'ED, (re-in-spird') pp. Inspired again. 

RE-IN-SPiR'ING, pp?*. Inspiring again. 

RE-IN-STALL', v. t. To install again 3 to seat anew. 

RE-IN-STALL'ED, (re-in-stawld') pp. Installed anew. 

RE-IN-ST ALL'ING, ppr. Installing again. 

RE-IN-STALL'MENT, n. A second installment. 

RE-IN-STATE', v. t. [re and instate.] To place again in 
possession or in a former state 3 to restore to a state from 
which one had been removed. 

RE-IN-STaT'ED, pp. Replaced in possession or in a former 

^t>tlt0 

RE-IN-ST aTE'MENT, 71. The act of putting in a former 
state 3 re-establishment. Marshall. 

RE-IN-STaT'ING, ppr. Replacing in a former state 3 put- 
ting again in possession. 

RE-IN-SuR'ANCE, (re-in-shur'ans) 71. [re and insurance.] 
An insurance of property already insured 3 a second in- 
surance of the same property. 

RE-IN-SuRE', (re-in-shure') v. t. [re and hisure.] To in- 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 3 BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


REL 


REL G86 


SRfe the same property a second time by other underwrit- 
ers. 

S.E-IN- SURGED, (re-in-shiird') pp. Insured a second time by 
other persons. 

ilE-IN-SuR'ING, (re-in -shur'ing) ppr. Insuring a second 
time by other persons. 

RE-IN'TE-GRATE, v. t. [Fr. reintegrer ; L. redintegro.] 
To renew with regard to any state cr quality 3 to restore. 
[Little used,] 

RE-IN-TER'RO-GATE, v. t. [re and interrogate.] To in- 
terrogate again ; to question repeatedly. Cotgrave, 

RE-lN-THRoNE',i;. t. To replace on the throne. 

RE-IN-THRoN'ED, pp. Placed again on the throne. 

RE-TN-THRoN'ING, ppr. Replacing on the throne. 

f RE-IN-THRoN'IZE, v. t. To reiuthrone. 

RE-IN-VEST', V. t. [re and invest.] To invest anew. 

RE-IN- VEST'ED, pp. Invested again. 

RE-IN-VEST'ING, Investing anew. 

RE- IN- VEST' ME NT, ?i. The act of investing anew; a 
second or repeated investment. 

RE-IN-VIG'O-RATE, v. t. To revive vigor in ; to reani- 
mate. 

REIT, 71. Sedge ; sea-weed. Bailey. 

RET'TER, n. [Ger. reiter.] A rider ; a trooper. 

RE-IT'ER-ATE, v. t, [Fr. reiterer.] To repeat ; to repeat 
again and again. Milton. 

RE-IT'ER-A-TED, pp. Repeated again and again. 

RE-IT'ER-A-TING, ppr. Repeating again and again. 

RE-IT-ER-a'TION, n. Repetition. Boyle. 

RE-JEGT', V. t. [L, rejicio^rejectus.] 1. To throwaway, 
as any thing useless or vile. 2. To cast off. 3. To cast 
olT; to forsake. Jer. vii. 4. To refuse to receive; to 
slight ; to despise. 5. To refuse to grant. 6 . To refuse 
to accept. 

RE-JECT'A-BLE, a. That may be rejected. 

RE-JE€-TA-MENT'A, n. [from L. rejecto.] Things thrown 
out or away. [Ill-forined.] Fleming. 

RE-JE€-TA'NE-OUS, a. Not chosen orreceived ; rejected. 
More. 

RE-JE€T'ED, pp. Thrown away ; cast off ; refused ; 
slighted. 

RE-JE€T'ER, 7 J. One that rejects or refuses. Clarke. 

RE-JE€T'ING,pf'** Throwing away ; casting off ; refusing 
to grant or accept ; slighting. 

.RE-JEG'TION, n. [L. rejectio.] The act of throwing 
away ; the act of casting off or forsaking ; refusal to 
accept or grant. 

f RE-JE€-Ti'''TIOUS, a. That may be rejected or refused. 

RE-JEGT^IVE, a. That rejects or tends to cast off. 

RE-JE€T'MENT, n. Matter thrown away. Eaton. 

RE-JOICE', (re-jois') v. i. [Fr. rejouir, rcjouissant ; Sp. re- 
gocijar.] To experience joy and gladness in a high de- 
gree ; to be exhilarated with lovely and pleasurable sensa- 
tions ; to exult. 

RE-JOICE', (re-jois') v. t. To make joyful ; to gladden; to 
animate with lively, pleasurable sensations ; to exhila- 
rate. 

t RE-JOICE', 71. Act of rejoicing. Brown. 

RE-JOI'CEU, (re-joist') PJ 7 . Made glad ; exhilarated. 

RE-JOI'CER, 71. One that rejoices. Taylor. 

RE-JOl'CING,]?;;?*. Animating with gladness ; exhilarating; 
feeling joy.- 

RE-JOI'CING, 71. 1. The act of expressing joy and gladness. 
2. The subject of joy. 3. The experience of joy. Oal.vi. 

RI]-J0I'C1NG-LY, adv. With joy or exultation. Sheldon. 

RE-JOIN', V. t. [re and join ,• Fr. rejoindre.] 1. To join 
again ; to unite after separation. 2. To meet one again. 

RE-JOIN', V. i. 1. To answer to a reply. — 2. In law plead 
ings, to answer as the defendant to the plaintiff’s replica- 
tion. 

RE-JO IND'ER, 71. 1. An answer to a reply ; or, in general, 
an answer. — 2. In law pleadings, the defendant’s answer 
to the plaintiff’s replication. 

RE-JOIN'EI), (re-joind') Joined again ; reunited. 

IIE-JOIN'ING, Joining again ; answering a plaintiff’s 
replication. 

RE-JOINT', V. t. [re and^‘oi 77 t.] To reunite joints. 

f RE-JoLT', n. [re and jolt.] A reacting jolt or shock. 
South. 

f RE-J 6 URN', (re-jurn') v. t. [Fr. reajourner.] To adjourn 
to another hearing or inquiry. Burton. 

RE-JUDGE', (re-juj') v. t. \re andi judge.] To judge again ; 
to re-examine ; to review ; to call to a new trial and de- 
cision. Pope. 

RE-JUDG'ED, (re-jujd') pp. Reviewed ; judged again. 

RE-JUDG'ING, ppr. Judging again. 

RE-JU-VE-NES'CENCE, ) 71. [L. re and jttvc 7 iesce 77 s.l A 

RE-JU-VE-NES'CEN-CY, ) renewing of youth ; the state 
of being young again. 

RE-KIN'OLE, V. t. [re and kindle.] 1. To kindle again ; 
to set on fire anew. 2. To inflame again ; to rouse anew. 

RE-KIN'DLED, pp. Kindled again ; inflamed anew. 

RE-KIN'DLING, ppr. Kindling again ; inflaming anew. 

RE-LaID', pp. Laid a second time. 


RE-LAND', V. t. [re and land.] To land again ; to put on 
land what had been shipped or embarked. 

RE-LAND', V. i. To go on shore after having embarked. 

RE-LAND'ED, pp. Put on .shore again. 

RE-LAND'ING, ppr. Landing again. 

RE-LAPSE', (re-laps') v. i. HLi. relapsus.] 1. To slip or 
slide back ; to return. 2. To fall back ; to return to a 
former state or practice. 3. To fall back or return from 
recovery or a convalescent state. 

RE-LAPSE, (re-laps') 71. A sliding or falling back, particu- 
larly into a former bad state, either of body or of morals. 

RE-LAPS'ER, 71. One that relapses into vice or error. 

RE-LAPS'ING, ppr. Sliding or falling back, as into disease 
or vice. 

RE-LaTE', V. t. [L. relatus.] 1. To tell ; to recite ; to 
narrate the particulars of an event. 2. To bring back ; to 
restore; [o 6 *'.] 3. To ally by connection or kindred. — To 
relate one^s self, to vent thoughts in words ; [iZZ.] 

RE-LaTE', V. i. To have reference or respect ; to regard. 

RE-LaT'ED, pp. 1. Recited ; narrated. 2. a. Allied by 
kindred ; connected by blood or alliance, particularly by 
consanguinity. 

RE-LaT'ER, 71. One who tells, recites or narrates ; a histo- 
rian. Swift. 

RE-LaT'ING, ppr. 1. Telling; reciting; narrating. 2. a. 
Having relation or reference ; concerning. 

RE-La'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. relatio.] 1. The act of telling ; 
recital ; account ; narration ; narrative of facts. 2. Re- 
spect ; reference ; regard. 3. Connection between things ; 
mutual respect, or what one thing is with regard to anoth- 
er. 4. Kindred ; alliance. 5. A person connected by 
consanguinity or affinity ; a kinsman or kinswoman, ti. 
Resemblance of phenomena ; analogy. — 7. In geometry, 
ratio; proportion. 

RE-La'TION-AL, a. Having relation or kindred. Tooke. 

RE-La'TION-SHIP, n. The^state of being related by kin- 
dred, affinity or other alliaiTce. 

REL'A-TIVE, a. [Ft.relatif; E. relativus.] 1. Having re- 
lation ; respecting. 2. Not absolute or existing by itself; 
considered as belonging to or respecting something else. 3. 
Incident to man in society ; as relative rights and duties. 

4. Particular ; positive ; [ 06 s ] 

REL'A-TiVE, 77 . 1. A person connected by blood or affini- 
ty ; strictly, one allied by blood ; a relation ; a kinsman 
or kinswoman. 2. That which has relation to something 
else. — 3. In grammar, a word which relates to or repre- 
sents another word, called its antecedent, or to a sentence 
or member of a sentence. 

REL'A-TIVE-LY, ado. In relation or respect to something 
else ; not absolutely. Watts. 

REL'A-TiVE-NESS, 77 . The state of having relation. 

RE-La'TOR, 77 . In law, one who brings an information in 
the nature of a quo warranto. Blackstone. 

RE-LAX', V. t. [L. relaxo.] 1. To slacken ; to make less 
tense or rigid. 2. To loosen ; to make less close or firm. 
3. To make less severe or rigorous ; to remit or abate in 

■ strictness. 4. To remit or abate in attention, assiduity or 
labor. 5. To unbend ; to ease ; to relieve from close at- 
tention. 6 . To relieve from constipation ; to loosen ; to 
open. 7. To open ; to loose. 8 . To make languid. 

RE-LAX', V. i. 1. To abate in severity ; to become more 
mild or less rigorous. 2. To remit in close attention. 

f RE-LAX', 77 . Relaxation. Feltham. 

RE-LAX' A-BLE, a. That may be remitted. Barrow. 

REL-AX-a'TION, 77. [Fr. ; L. rclaxatio.] 1. The act of 
slackening or remitting tension. 2. Cessation of restraint. 
3. Remission or abatement of rigor. 4. Remission of at- 
tention or application. 5. An opening or loosening. 

REL-AX'A-TiVE, a. Having the quality of relaxing. 

RE-LAX'ED, (re-laxt') pp. Slackened ; loosened ; remitted 
or abated in rigor or in closeness ; made less vigorous ; lan- 
guid. 

REL-AX'ING, ppr. Slackening; loosening; remitting or 
abating in rigor, severity or attention ; rendering languid. 

RE-LaY', 77. [Fr. relais.] 1 . A supply of horses placed on 
the road to be in readiness to relieve others, that a travel- 
er may proceed without delay. 2. Hunting dogs kept in 
readiness at certain places to pursue the game, when the 
dogs that have been in pursuit are weary. 

RE-LaY', V. t. [re and lay.] To lay again ; to lay a second 
time. Smollet. 

RE-LaY'ING, ppr. Laying a second time. 

RE-LeASE', V. t. [usually derived from Fr. rel&cher ; It. 
rilassare and rilasciare.] 1. To set free from restraint of 
any kind, either physical or moral ; to liberate from prison, 
confinement or servitude. Matt. xv. Mark xv. 2. To 
free from pain, care, trouble, grief, &c. 3. To free from ob- 
ligation or penalty. 4. To quit ; to let go, as a legal claim. 

5. To discharge or relinquish a right to lands or tenements, 
by conveying it to another that has some right or estate in 
possession. 6 . To relax ; [oZ»s.l 

RE-LeASE', 77. 1. Liberation or discharge from restraint of 
any kind, as from confinement or bondage. 2. Liberation 
1 from care, pain or any burden. 3. Discharge from obli- 


See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, 


long.- 


-FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


REL 


687 


REL 


gation or responsibility, as from debt, penalty or claim of 
any kind ; acquittance. — 4. In Za?c, a release or deed of 
release^ is a conveyance of a man’s right in lands or tene- 
ments to another who has some estate in possession j a 
quitclaim. 

UE-LkAS'ED, (re-leest'). pp. Set free from confinement ; 
freed from obligation or liability ; freed from pain ; quit- 
claimed. 

RE-LkASE'MENT, n. The act of releasing from confine- 
ment or obligation. Milton, 

RE-LeAS'ER, 71. One who releases. 

RE-LeAS'ING, / 7j?r. Liberating from confinement or re- 
straint ; freeing from obligation or responsibility, or from 
pain or other evil ; quitclaiming. 

REL'E-GATE, V. t. [L. relego.] To banish j to send into 
6xil6* 

REL'E-GA-TED, pp. Sent into exile. 

REL'E-GA-TING, ppr. Banishing. 

REL-E-Ga'TION, 71. [L. relegatio.] The act of banish- 
ment ; exile. Ayliffe, 

RE-LENT', V. i. [Fr. ralentir ; Sp. relenter.] ]. To soften ; 
to become less rigid or hard ; to give. 2. To grow moist ; 
to deliquesce ; applied to salts ; [oZ>s.] 3. To become less 
intense ; [little used.] Sidney. 4. To soften in temper ; to 
become more mild and tender ; to feel compassion. 

f RE-LENT', t. 1. To slacken. 2. To soften ; to mollify. 

t RE-LENT', pp. Dissolved. 

j RE-IiENT', n. Remission ; stay. Spenser. 

RE-LENT'ING, ppr. Softening in temper j becoming more 
mild or compassionate. 

RE-LENT'ING, n. The act of becoming more mild or 
compassionate. 

RE-LENT'LES3, fl. Unmoved by pity ; unpitying; insensi- 
ble to the distresses of others ; destitute of tenderness. 

RE-LES-SEE', n. The person to whom a release is executed. 

RE-LES-SOR', 71. The person who executes a release. 

REL'E-VANCE, ) v. 1. The state of being relevant, or of 

REL'E-VAN-CY, ^ afibrding relief or aid. 2. Pertinence ; 
applicableness. — 3. In Scots laio, sufficiency to infer the 
conclusion. 

REL'E-VANT, a. [Fr. ; 1j. relever.] 1. Relieving; lend- 
ing aid or support. 2. Pertinent ; applicable. 3. Suffi- 
cient to support the cause. Scots law. 

t REL-E-Va'TION, 77. A raising or lifting up. 

RE-LT'ANCE, ??. Rest or repose of mind, resulting from a 
full belief of the veracity or integrity of a person, or of 
the certainty of a fiict ; trust; confidence; dependence. 

REL'IG, 77 . [Fr. relique; F. reliquicr.] 1. That which re- 
mains ; that which is left after the loss or decay of the 
rest. 2. The body of a deceased person ; a corpse ; [i7si7- 
ally in the plural.] Pope. 

t REL'IG-LY, acZy. In the manner of relics. Donne. 

REL'IGT, 77. [L. relictus^relicta.] A widow; a woman 
whose husband is dead. Sprat. 

RE-LIeF', 77. [Fr. relief; It. rilevo^rilievo.] 1. The remov- 
al, in whole or in part, of any evil that afflicts the body or 
mind ; the removal or alleviation of pain, grief, want, 
care, anxiety, toil or distress, or of any thing oppressive 
or burdensome, by which some ease is obtaijied. 2. That 
wtiich mitigates or removes pain, grief or other evil. 3. 
The dismission of a sentinel from his post, whose place 
is supplied by another soldier ; also, the person who takes 
his place. — 4. In sculpture, &c. the projecture or promi- 
nence of a figure above or beyond the ground or plane on 
which it is formed. Relief is of three kinds ; high relief, 
[alto relievo ;] low relief, [&asso relievo ;] and deini relief, 
[demi relievo.] The difference is in the degree of projecture. 
— 5. In painting, the appearance of projection, or the de- 
gree of boldness which a figure exhibits to the eye at a dis- 
tance. — 6. Vn feudal Imc, a fine or composition which the 
heir of a tenant, holding by knight ’sservice or other tenure, 
paid to the lord at the death of the ancestor, for the privi- 
lege of taking up the estate which, on strict feudal princi- 
ples, had lapsed or fallen to the lord on the death of the 
tenant. 7. A remedy, partial or total, for any wrong 
suffered; redress; indemnification. 8. The exposure of 
any thing by the proximity of something else. 

RE-LT'ER, n. One who relies, or places full confidence in. 

RE-LIeV'A-BLE, a. Capable of being relieved ; that may 
receive relief. Hale. 

RE-LI eVE', c. t. [Fr. relever; L. rclevo.] 1. To free, 
wholly or partially, from pain, grief, want, anxiety, care, 
toil, trouble, burden, oppression, or anything that is con- 
sidered to be an evil ; to ease of any thing that pains the 
body or distresses the mind. 2. To alleviate or remove. 
3. To dismiss from a post or station, as sentinels, a guard 
or ships, and station others in their place. 4. To right ; 
to ease of any burden, wrong or oppression. .5. To abate 
the inconvenience of any thing by change, or by the inter- 
jTOsitionof something dissimilar. 6. To assist ; to support. 

RE-LIkV'ED, (re-leevd') pp. 1. Freed from pain or other 
evil ; eased or cured ; aided ; succored ; dismissed from 
watching. 2. Alleviated or removed ; as pain or dis- 
tress. 


RE-LI eV'ER, 7t One that relieves ; he or that which 
ease. 


RL-IilEV'ING, ^r. Removing pain or distress, or abating 
the violence ot it ; easing; curing; assisting ; dismissing 
from a post, as a sentinel ; supporting. 

RE-LIe'VO, 77. [It.] Relief; prominence of figures in 
statuary, architecture, &c. ; apparent prominence of fig- 
ures in painting. 

RE-LlGHT'j (re-llte') v, t. [re andZ?^/7t.] 1, To light anew j 
to iljuminate again. 2. To rekindle ; to set on fire again. 

RE-LtGHT'ED, 2 )p, Lighted anew ; rekindled. 

RE-LlGHT'ING, PP7-. Lighting again ; rekindling. 

RE-LIG'ION, (re-lij'un) 77. [Fr., Sp. reZ7^7077 ; It. religione ; 
L. religio.] 1. Religion, in its most comprehensive sense, 
includes a belief in the being and perfections of God, in 
the revelation of his will to man, in man’s obligation to 
obey his commands, in a state of reward and punishment, 
and in man’s accountableness to God ; and also true 
godliness or piety of life, with the practice of all moral 
duties. 2. Religion, as distinct from theology, is godliness 
or real piety in practice. 3. Religion, as distinct from 
virtue or morality, consists in the performance of the du- 
ties we owe directly to God, from a principle of obedience 
to his will. 4. Any system of faith and worship. 5. The 
rites of religion ; in the plural. 

t RE-LIG'ION-A-RY, a. Relating to religion ; pious. 

RE-LIG'ION-IST, 77. A bigot to any religious persuasion. 
Swift. 

RE-LIG'IOUS, (re-lid'jus) 77. [Fr. religieux ; Ft.religiosus.] 

1. Pertaining or relating to religion. 2. Pious; godly; 
loving and reverencing the Supreme Being and obeying 
his jTrecepts. 3. Devoted to the practice of religion. 4. 
Teaching religion ; containing religious subjects or the 
doctrines and precepts of religion. 5. Exact ; strict ; such 
as religion -?quires. 6. Engaged by vows to a monastic 
life. 7. Appropriated to the performance of sacred or 
religious duties. 

RE-LIG'IOUS, 77. A person bound by monastic vows, or 
sequestered from secular concerns and devoted to a life of 
piety and devotion ; a monk or friar ; a nun. 

RE-LIG'IOUS-LY, (re-lid'jus-ly) adv. 1. Piously ; with love 
and reverence to the Supreme Being ; in obedience to the 
divine commands. 2. According to the rites of religion. 
3. Reverently ; with veneration. 4. Exactly ; strictly ; 
conscientiously. 

RE-LIG'IOUS-NESS, 77. The quality or state of being re- 
ligious. 

RE-LIN'QUISH, v. t. [L. relinquo.] 1. To withdraw 
from ; to leave ; to quit. It may be to forsake or abandon, 
but it does not necessarily express the sense of the latter. 
A man may relinquish an enterprise for a time, or with a 
design never to resume it. In general, to relinquish, is to 
leave without the intention of resuming, and equivalent 
to/77rsaA:«, but is less emphalical than abandon and desert. 

2. To forbear ; to w ithdraw from. 3. To give up ; to re- 
nounce a claim to. — I'o relinquish back, or to, to give up ; 
to release ; to surrender. 

RE-LIN'(UJISHED, P77. Left; tpiitted ; given up. 

RE-LIN'Q.UISH-ER, n. One who leaves or quits. 

RE-L1N'(UJISH-ING, ppr. Quitting; leaving; giving up. 

RE-LIN'QUISH-MENT, n. The act of leaving or quitting ; 
a forsaking ; the renouncing a claim to. 

REL'I-QUA-RY, 77. [Fr. reliquaire.] A depository for rel- 
ics ; a casket in which relics are kept. 

RE-LIQ'UID-ATE, v. t. [re and liquidate.] To liquidate 
anew ; to adjust a second time. 

RE-LIQ'UID-A-TED, pp. Liquidated again. 

RE-LIQ'UID-A-TING, ppr. Liquidating again. 

RE-LIQ-UID-a'TION, 77. A second or renew'ed liquidation ; 


a renewed adjustment. Hamilton. 

REL'ISII, 77 . 1. Taste; or, rather, a pleasing taste; that 
sensation of the organs which is experienced when we 
take food or drink of an agreeable flavor. 2. Liking ; 
delight; appetite. 3. Sense; the faculty of perceiving 
excellence; taste. 4. That which gives pleasure; the 
power of pleasing. 5. Cast ; manner. 6. Taste ; a small 
quantity just perceptible. 

REL'ISII, r. t. 1. To give an agreeable taste to. 2. Tolike 
‘ 3. To be gratified with the enjoyment or 


the taste of. 
use of. 

lEL'ISH, r. i. 
pleasure. 3. 


2. To give 


1. To have a pleasing taste. 

To have a flavor. 

.EL'ISH-A-BLE, a. Gustable ; having an agreeable taste. 
lEL'ISHED, pp. Giving an agreeable taste ; received with 
plc&surc# 

IE-IjIVE, (re-liv') v. i. [re and live.] To live again ; to 
revive. Spenser. 

RE-LiVE', (re-liv') v. t. To recall to life. Spenser. 
lE-LoAN', V. t. [re and Z777777.] To loan again ; to lend 
what has been lent and repaid. 
lE-LoAN', 77. A second lending of the same money. 
RE-LoAN'ED, (re-Iond') pp. Loaned again. 
RE-LoAN'ING, ppr. Loaning again. 

■ RE-L6VE', V. t. [re and love.] To love in return. Boyle. 


MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


* See Synopsis. 


REM 


688 


REM 


R,E-LCi'CENT, a. [L. relucens.] Shining; transparent; 
clear ; pellucid. Thomson. 

RE-LUCT', V. i. [L. reluctor.'] To strive or struggle against. 
[Little used.'] 

RE-LU€T'ANCE, \ n. Unwillingness; great opposition of 

RE-LU€T'AN-CY, J mind ; repugnance. 

RE-LU€T'ANT, a. 1. Striving against ; unwilling ; much 
opposed in heart. 2. Unwilling ; acting with slight re- 
pugnance ; coy. 3. Proceeding from an unwilling mind ; 
granted with reluctance. 

RE-LU€T'ANT-LY, adv. With opposition of heart; un- 
willingly. 

RE-LU€T'ATE, v. t. To resist ; to struggle against. 

RE-LU€-Ta'T 10N, n. Repugnance ; resistance. Bacon. 

RE-LU€T'1NG, ppr. 1. Striving to resist. 2. a. Averse ; 
unwilling. 

RE-LuME', V. t. [Fr. rallumer.] To rekindle ; to light again. 

RE-LuM'ED, (re-lumd') pp. Rekindled ; lighted again. 

RE-IjU'MIi\E, V. t. [It. ralluminare ; L. reiumino.] 1. To 
light anew ; to rekindle. 2. To illuminate again. 

RE-LU'MiNED, pp. Rekindled ; illuminated anew. 

RE-LOM'ING, »pr. Kindling or lighting anew. 

RE-LuM'IN-iNG, ppr. Rekindling; enlightening anew. 

RE-LY', V. i. [re and lie.] To rest on something, as the mind 
when satisfied of the veracity, integrity or ability of per- 
sons, or of the certainty of facts or of evidence ; to have 
confidence in ; to trust in ; to depend. 

RE-LY'ING, ppr. Reposing on something, as the mind ; 
confiding in ; trusting in ; depending. 

RE-MaUE', pret. and pp. of remake. 

RE MAIN', V. i. [L. remaneo.] 1. To continue; to rest or 
abide in a place for a time indefinite. 2. To be left after 
others have withdrawn ; to rest or abide in the same 
jilace when others remove, or are lost, destroyed or taken 
away. 3. To be left after a part or others have past. 4. 
To continue unchanged, or in a particular state. 5. Not 
to be lost ; not to escape ; not to be forgotten. G. To be 
left, out of a greater number or quantity. 7. To be left as 
not included or comprised. 8. To continue in the same 

S 

RE-MAlN', V. t. To await ; to be left to. 

IRE-MAIN', n. That which is left ; a corpse ; also, abode. 

RE-MAIN'DER, n. 1. Any thing left after the separation and 
removal of a part. Arbath. 2. Relics ; remains ; the corpse 
of a human being ; [ofrs.] 3. That which is left after a part 
is past. 4. The sum that is left after subtraction or after 
any deduction. — 5. In Zaic, an estate limited to take ef- 
fect and be enjoyed after another estate is determined. 

I RE-MAIN'DER, a. Remaining ; refuse ; left ; as the re- 
'inainder biscuit. Shak. 

RE-MAIN'DER-MAN, n. In laic, he who has an estate after 
a particular estate is determined. Blackstone. 

RE-MAIN'IxVG, ppr. Continuing; resting; abiding for an 
indefinite time ; being left. 

RE-MAINS', n.,plu. 1. That which is left after a part is 
separated, taken away or destroyed. 2. A dead body ; a 
corpse. 

RE-MAKE', V. t. ; pret. and pp. remade, [re and make.] To 
make anew. 

RE-MaND', V. t. [Fr. remander.] To call or send back him 
or that which is ordered to a place. 

RE-MAND'ED, pp. Called or sent back. 

RE-MAND'ING, ppr. Calling or sending back. 

REM'A-NENT, n. [L. remanens.] The part remaining. 

REM'A-NENT, a. Remaining. [Little wsed.] Taylor. 

RE-MaRK', n. [Fr. remarque.] Notice or observation ; par- 
ticularly, notice or observation expressed in words or 
writing. 

RE-MARK', V. t. [Fr. remarquer.] 1. To observe ; to note 
in the mind ; to take notice of without expression. 2. To 
express in words or writing what one thinks or sees ; to 
express observations. 3. To mark ; to point out ; to dis- 
tinguish ; [oZ>s.] Milton. 

RE-MARK' A-BLE, a. [Fr. remarquable.] 1. Observable; 
worthy of notice. 2. Extraordinary ; unusual ; that de- 
serves particular notice, or that may excite admiration or 
wonder. 

RE-MARK'A-BLE-NESS, n. Observableness ; worthiness 
of remark ; the quality of deserving notice. 

RE-MARK'A-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner or degree worthy 
of notice. 2. In an extraordinary manner. 

RE-MARK'ED, (re-markt') pp. Noticed; observed; ex- 
pressed in words or writing. 

RE-MARK'ER, n. An observer; one who makes remarks. 
Watts. 

RE-MARK'ING,pp?*. Observing; taking notice of ; express- 
ing in words or writing. 

RE-MAR'RIED, pp. Married again or a second time. 

RE-MAR'RY, v. t. [re and marry.] To marry again or a 
second time. Tindal. 

RE-MAR'RY-ING, ppr. Marrying again or a second time. 

RE-MAS'TI-CATE, v. t. [re and masticate.] To chew or 
masticate again ; to chew over and over, as in chewing 
the cud. 


RE-MAS'TI-€A-TED, pp. Chewed again or repeatedly. 

RE-MAS'TI-CA-TING, ppr. Chewing again or over and 
over. 

RE-MAS-TI-CA'TION, n. The act of masticating again or 
repeatedly. 

REM'BJLE, V. t. To move, or remove. Grose. 

* RE-Me'UI-A-BLE, a. [from remedy.] That may be reme- 
died or cured. 

RE-Me'DI-AL, a. [L. remedialis.] Affording a remedy ; in- 
tended for a remedy, or for the removal of an evil. 

RE-Me'DI-ATE, in the sense of remedial, is not in use. 

REM'E-UlED,pp. [Uonx remedy.] Cured ; healed ; repaired. 

* RE-MED'I-LESS, a. 1. Not admitting a remedy; incur- 
able ; desperate. 2. Irreparable. 3. Not admitting change 
or reversal. 4. Not admitting recovery. South. 

* RE-MED'I-LESS-LY, adu. In a manner or degree that 
precludes a remedy. Clarendon. 

* RE-MED'I-LESS-NESS, n. Incurableness. 

REM'E-DY, n. [L. remedium ; Fi. remMe.] 1. That which 

cures a disease ; any medicine or application which puts 
an end to disease and restores health. 2. That which 
counteracts an evil of any kind. 3. That which cures 
uneasiness. 4. That which repairs loss or disaster ; rep- 
aration. 

REM'E-DY, V. t. [Fr. remedier.] 1. To cure ; to heal. 2. 
To cure ; to remove, as an evil. 3. To repair ; to remove 
mischief. 

REM'E-DY-ING, ppr. Curing ; healing ; removing ; restor- 
ing from a bad to a good state. 

RE-MELT', V. t. [re and melt.] To melt a second time. 

RE-MELT'ED, pp. Melted again. 

RE-MELT'ING, ppr. Melting again. 

RE-MEM'BER, V. t. [Norm, reniembre ; Low L. rememoror.] 
1. To have in the mind an idea w’hich had been in the 
mind before, and which recurs to the mind without ef- 
fort. 2. When we use effort to recall an idea, we are said 
to recollect it. This distinction is not always observ'ed. 
Hence remember is often used as synonymous with recol- 
lect, that is, to call to mind. We say, w^e cannot remem- 
ber a fact, when we mean, we cannot recollect it. 3. To 
bear or keep in mind ; to attend to. 4. To preserve the 
memory of; to preserve from being forgotten. 5. To 
mention ; [06.?.] 6. To put in mind ; to remind ; [oZ»^.] 

7. To think of and consider ; to meditate. Ps. Ixiii. 8. 
To bear in mind with esteem ; or to reward. Ecclcs. ix. 
9. To bear in mind with praise or admiration ; to cele- 
brate. 1. Chrov. xvi. 10. To bear in mind with favor, 
care, and regard for the safety or deliverance of any one. 
Ps. Ixxiv. 11. To bear in mind with intent lO reward or 
punish. 3 John x. 12. To bear in mind with confidence ; 
to trust in. Ps. xx. 13. To bear in mind with the pur- 
pose of assisting or relieving. Gal. ii. 14. To bear in 
mind with reverence ; to obey. 15. To bear in mind w'ith 
regard ; to keep as sacred ; to observe. — To remember 
mercy, is to exercise it. Hab. iii. 

RE-MEiM'BERED, pp. Kept in mind ; recollected. 

RE-MEM'BER-ER, n. One that remembers. Wotton. 

RE-MEM'BER-ING, ppr. Having in mind. 

RE-3IEM'BRANCE, n. [Fr.] 1. The retaining or having in 
mind an idea which had been present before, or an idea 
which had been previously received from an object when 
present, and w hich recurs to the mind afterwards without 
the presence of its object. Technically, remembrance dif- 
fers from reminiscence and recollection, as the former im- 
plies that an idea occurs to the mind spontaneously, or 
without much mental exertion. The latter imply the 
power or the act of recalling ideas which do not sponta- 
neously recur to the mind. 2. Transmission of a fact 
from one to another. 3. Account preserved ; something 
to assist the memory. 4. Memorial. 5. A token by 
which one is kept in the memory. 6. Notice of some- 
thing absent. 7. Power of remembering ; limit of time 
within which a fact can be remembered. 8. Honorable 
memory ; [oZ»5.] 9. Admonition. 10. Memorandum ; a 
note to help the memory. 

RE-MEM'BRAN-CER, n. 1. One that reminds, or revives 
the remembrance of any thing. 2. An officer in the ex- 
chequer of England, whose business is to record certain 
papers and proceedings, make out processes, &c. ; a re- 
corder. 

I RE-MEM'O-RATE, V. t. [L. rememoratus, rememoror.] 
To remember ; to revive in the memory. 

t RE-MEM-O-RA'TION, n. Remembrance. 

t RE-MER'CIE, Z r. t. [Fr. rernercicr.] To thank. Spen- 

t RE-MER'CY, i scr. 

REM I-GRATE, v. i. [L. remigro.] To remove back again 
to a former place or state ; to return. 

REM-I-GRA'TION, n. Removal back again ; a migration 
to ajbrmer place. Hale. 

RE-MIND', V. t. [re and mind.] 1. To put in mind ; to 
bring to the remembrance of. 2. To bring to notice or 
consideration. 

RE-MTND'ED, pp. Put in mind. 

RE-MiND'ING, ppr. Putting in mind ; calling attention to. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— | Obsolete. 


REM 


C89 


REM 


RE-MIND'ER, n. One who reminds ; an admonisher. 

REM-I-NIS^CENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. re minis cem.'\ 1. That 
faculty of the mind by which ideas formerly received 
into it, but forgotten, are recalled or revived in the memo- 
ry. 2. Recollection ; recovery of ideas that had escaped 
from the memory. Hale. 

REM-I-NIS'CENT, n. One who calls to mind and records 
past events. C. Butler. 

REM-I-NIS-CEN'TIAL, a. Pertaining to reminiscence or 
recoHection. Brown. 

RE-MISE', V. t. [Fr. remise ; L. To give or 

grant back j to release a claim j to resign or surrender by 
deed. 

RE-MiS’ED, (re-mizd') j)p. Released. 

RE-MlS'ING, ppr. Surrendering by deed. 

RE-i\I[SS', a. [Fr. remis ^ L. remissus.] 1. Slack; dilatory; 
negligent ; not performing duty or business ; not comply- 
ing with engagements at all, or not in due time. 2. Slow ; 
slack ; languid. 3. Not intense. 

RE-MISS'I-BLE, a. That may be remitted or forgiven. 

RE-MIS'SION, n. [Fr. ; L. rc/»issio.] J. Abatement; rel- 
axation ; moderation. 2. Abatement ; diminution of in- 
tensity. 3. Release ; discharge or relinquishment of a 
claim or right. — 4. In medicine^ abatement; a temporary 
subsidence of the force or violence of a disease or of pain. 
5. Forgiveness; pardon. 6. The act of sending back; 
[o6s.] 

f RE-MISS'lVE, a. Forgiving; pardoning. Hacket. 

RE-MISS'LY, adv. 1. Carelessly ; negligently ; without close 
attention. 2. Slowly ; slackly ; not vigorously ; not with 
ardor. 

RE-MISS'NESS, ?i. Slackness ; slowness ; carelessness ; 
negligence; want of ardor or vigor; coldness; want of 
ardor ; want of punctuality. 

RE-MlT', V. t. [L. remitto j Fr. remettrc ; It. rimettere ; 
Sp. remitir.] 1. To relax, as intensity ; to make less tense 
or violent. 2. To forgive ; to surrender the right of pun- 
Lshing a crime. 3. To pardon, as a fault or crime. 4. To 
give up ; to resign. 5. To refer. G. To send back. 7. 
To transmit money, bills or other thing in payment for 
goods received. 8. To restore. 

RE-MIT', V. i. 1. To slacken ; to become less intense or 
rigorous. 2. To abate in violence for a time, without in- 
termission. 

RE-MIT'MENT, n. 1. The act of remitting to custody. 2. 
Forgiveness ; pardon. Milton. 

RE-MIT'TAJ., 71. A remitting; a giving up ; surrender. 
Swift. 

RE-MIT'TANCE, 77. 1. In com???crcc, the act of transmit- 
ting money, bills or the like, to a distant place, in re- 
turn or payment for goods purchased. 2. The sum or 
thing remitted in payment. 

RE-xMIT'TED, pp. Relaxed ; forgiven ; pardoned ; sent 
back ; referred ; given up ; transmitted in payment. 

RE-MIT'TER, n. 1. One who remits, or makes remittance 
for payment. — 2. In law, the restitution of a more ancient 
and certain right to a person wlio has right to lands, but is 
out of possession and Jias afterwards the freehold cast 
upon him by some subsequent defective title, by virtue of 
which he enters. 3. One that pardons. 

REMNANT, n. [contracted from rcwa7fe?7t.] 1. Residue; 
that which is left after the separation, removal or destruc- 
tion of a part. 2. That which remains after a part is 
done, performed, told or passed. 

REM'NANT, a. Remaining ; yet left. [Little used.] 

RE-MOD'EL, V. t. [re and model.] To model or fashion 
anew. 

RE-MOD'ELED, pp. Modeled anew. 

RE-MOD'EL-ING, ppr. Modeling again. 

RE-MoLD', V. t. [rc and ?nold.] To mold or shape anew. 

RE-MoLD'ED, pp. Molded again. J. Barlow. 

RE-MoLD'ING, ppr. Molding anew. 

RE-MoLT'EN, a. or pp. [re and molten.] Melted again. 

RE-MON'STRANCE, n. [Fr. remontrance.] 1. Show ; dis- 
covery ; [«6s.] 2. Expostulation ; strong representation 
of reasons against a measure. 3. Pressing suggestions in 
opposition to a measure or act. 4. Expostulatory counsel 
or advice ; reproof. 

RE-MON'STRANT, a. Expostulatory; urging strong reas- 
ons against an act. 

RE-MON'STRANT, ??. One who remonstrates. The Ar- 
minians are called Remonstrants, because they remon- 
strated against the decisions of the Synod of Dort, in 
1618. 

RE-MON'STRATE, v. i. [L. rernonstro ; Fr. rcmontrer.] 

1. To exhibit or present strong reasons against an act, 
measure or any course of proceedings ; to expostulate. 2. 
To suggest urgent reasons in opposition to a measure. 

RE-MON'STRATE, v. t. To show by a strong representa- 
tion of reasons. 

RE-MON'STRA-TING, ppr. Urging strong reasons against 
a measure. 

RE-MON-STRa'TION,7i. The act of remonstrating. [L.u.] 

RE-MON'STRA-TOR, n. One who remonstrates. 


j obstacle ; hinderance ; [oo5.] 
.w. The sucking-nsh, a species of echeneis, which is said to 
attach itself to the bottom or side of a ship and retard its 
motion. 

f REM'O-RATE, v. t. [L. remoror.] To hinder ; to de- 
lay. 

jRE-MORD'', V. t. [L. remordeo.] To rebuke; to excite to 
remorse. Skelton. 

fRE-JMORD', V. i. To feel remorse. Elyot. 
RE-MORD'EN-CY, n. Compunction ; remorse. 
RE-iMORSE', (re-mors') n. [L. remorsus.] 1 The keen 
pain or anguish excited by a sense of guilt ; compunction 
of conscience for a crime committed. 2. Sympathetic 
sorrow ; ])ity ; compassion. 

RE-MORS'ED, a. Feeling remorse or compunction. 
RE-MORSE'Fl]L, (re-mors'ful) a. 1. Full of remorse. 2. 

Compassionate ; feeling tenderly ; [oi>5.] 3. Pitiable ; [oZ» 5 .] 
"'•■RE-MORSE'LEjSS, a. Unpitying; cruel; insensible to 
distress. Milton. 

RE-MORSE'LESS-LY, Without remorse. South. 
^RE-MORSE'LESS-NEyS, (re-mors'les-nes) n. Savage cru- 
elty ; insensibility to distress. Beaumont. 

RE-MoTE', a. [L. remotus.] 1. Distant in place ; not near. 

2. Distant in time, past or future. 3. Distant ; not imme- 
diate. 4. Distant ; primary ; not proximate. 5. Alien ; 
foreign ; not agreeing with. G. Abstracted. 7. Distant 
in consanguinity or aifniity. 8. Slight; inconsiderable. 

RE-MoTE'LY, adv. 1. At a distance in space or time ; not 
nearly. 2. At a distance in consanguinity or airinity. 

3. Hljghtly ; in a small degree. 

RE-MoTE'NESS, n. 1. State of being distant in space or 

time ; distance. 2. Distance in consanguinity or arhnity. 
3. Distance in operation or elRciency. 4. Slightness ; 
smaHness. 

RE-Mo'TION, n. The act of removing ; the state of being 
removed to a distance. [Little iised.] Shak. 

RE-MOUNT', V. t. [Fr. remonter.] To mount again. 
RE-MOUNT', V. i. To mount again ; to reascend. 
RE-M5V-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being remova- 
ble from an office or station ; capacity of being displaced. 
RE-MoV'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be removed from an oilice 
or station. 2. That may be removed from one place to 
another. 

RE-MoV'AL, V. 1. The act of moving from one p.lace to 
another for residence. 2. The act of displacing from an 
office or post. 3. The act of curing or putting away. 4. 
The stale of being removed ; change of place. 5. The 
act of putting an end to. 

RE-MoVE', V. t. [L. removeo ; Sp. remover.] J. To cause 
to change place ; to put from its place in any manner. 2. 
To displace from an office. 3. To take or put aw'ay in 
any manner ; to cause to leave a person or thing ; to ban- 
ish or destroy. 4. To carry from one court to another. 
5. To take from the present state of being. 

RE-MoVE', V. i. 1. To change place in any manner. 2. To 
go from one place to another. 3. To change the place of 
residence. 

RE-MoVE',??. 1 . Change of place. Chapman. 2. Transla- 
tion of one to the place of another. 3. 8'tate of being re- 
moved. 4. Act of moving a man in chess or other game. 
5. Departure ; a going away. G. 'J'he act of clianging 
place ; removal. 7. A step in any scale of gradation. 8. 
Any indefinite distance. 9. The act of putting a horse’s 
shoes on ditferent feet. 10. A dish to be changed \vhile 
the rest of the course remains, li. Susceptibilit}' of being 
removed ; [cE?.] 

RE-MoV'ED, (re-moovd') pp. 1. Changed in place ; carried 
to a distance ; displaced from office ; placed far off. 2. a. 
Remote ; separate from others. 

RE-IMoV'ED-NEgS, n. State of being removed ; remote- 
ness. Shak. 

RE-M(‘)V'ER, n. One that removes. Bacon. 

RE-MO V'ING, ppr. Changing place ; carrying or going 
from one place to another ; displacing ; banishing. 
RE-MU'GI-ENT, a. [L. remugieas.] Rebellowing. More. 
RE-MU-NER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being re- 
warded. 

RE-?tlu'NER-A-BLE, a. That may be rewarded; fit or 
proper to be recompensed. 

RE-Mu'NER-ATE, v. t. [L. remuncro,] To reward ; to 
recompense ; to requite ; hi a good sense ; to pay an equiv- 
alent to for anv service, loss, expense or other sacrifice. 
RE-MU'NER-A-TED, pp. Rewarded; compensated. 
RE-Mu'NER-A-TING, ppr. Rewarding ; recompensing. 
RE-MU-NER-A'TION, 77. 1. Reward; recompense; the act 
of paying an equivalent for services, loss or sacrifices, 2. 
The equivalent given for services, loss or sufferings. 
RE-MU'NER-A-TIVE, a. Exercised in rew'ardjiig ; that 
bestows rewards. Boyle. 

RE-Mfj'NER-A-TO-RY, a. Affording recompense ; reward- 
ing. Johnson. , , I 

RE-MUR'MUR, r. G [U. remnrmuro.] lo utter back In 

murmurs ; to return in murmurs ; to repeat in low , hoarse 
sounds. 



See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;-BytL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TII as in this. 

44 


t Obsoleti 


V 


REN 


GOO 


REN 


RE-MUR'MUR, v. i. To murmur back ; lo return or echo 
in low, rumbling sounds. Dryden. 

RE-MUR'MURED, Uttered back in murmurs. 

RE-MUR'MUR-ING, ppr. Uttering back in low sounds. 

RK'NAL, a. [L. renalis.] Pertaining to the kidneys or 
reins. 

REN'ARD, w. [Fr. ; G. reix^eke.] A fox ; a name used in fa- 
bles, but not in common discourse. Dryden. 

RE-NAS'CEN-CY, n. The state of springing or being pro- 
duced again. Brown. 

RE-NASU'ENT, a. [L. renascens.'] Springing or rising into 
being again ; reproduced. 

RE-NAS'GI-BLE, a. That may be reproduced ; that may 
spring again into being. 

RE-NAV'I-GATE, v. t. To navigate again. 

RE-NAV'I-GA-TED, pp. Navigated again ; sailed over 
anew. 

RE-NAV'I-GA-TING, ppr. Navigating again. 

REN-€OUN'TER, n. [Fr. rencontre.^ 1. Literally^ a meet- 
ing of two bodies. 2. A meeting in opposition or contest. 

3. A casual combat j a sudden contest or fight without 
premeditation. 4. A casual action ; an engagement be- 
tween armies or fleets. 5. Any combat, action or en- 
gagement. 

REN-€OUN'TER, v.t. 1. To meet unexpectedly without 
enmity or hostility. 2. To attack hand to hand. 

REN-€OUN'TER, v. i. 1. To meet an enemy unexpected- 
ly. 2. To clash j to come in collision. 3. To skirmish 
^fith another. 4. To fight hand to hand. 

REND, V. t. ; pret. and pp. rent. [Sax. rendan, hrendan.] 1. 
To separate any substance into parts with force or sudden 
violence ; to tear asunder ; to split. 2. To separate or 
part with violence. — To rend the hearty in Scripture, to 
have bitter sorrow for sin. Joel ii. — Rend differs some- 
what from lacerate. VVe never say, to lacerate a rock or 
a kingdom, when we mean to express splitting or divi- 
sion. Lacerate is properly applicable to the tearing off of 
small pieces of a thing, as, to lacerate the body witli a 
whip or scourge j or to the tearing of the flesh or other 
thing without entire separation. 

REND'ER, 71. One that tears by violence. 

REN'DER, V. t. [Fr. rendre ; It. rendere ,• Sp. rendir ; Port. 
render.] 1. To return ; to pay back. 2. To inflict, as a 
retribution. 3. To give on demand ; to give ; to assign. 

4. To make or cause to be, by some influence upon a 
thing, or by some change. 5. To translate, as from one 
language into another. G. To surrender ; to yield or give 
up the command or possession of. 7. To afford j to give 
for use or benefit. 8. To represent ; to exhibit 3 [oi»5.] — 
To rerider back, to return ; to restore. 

t REN'DER, V. i. To show ; to give an account. Shak. 

REN'DER, n. 1. A surrender ; a giving up. 2. A return ; 
a payment of rent. 3. An account given. 

REN'DER-A-BLE, a. That may be rendered. Sherwood. 

REN'DERED, pp. Returned ; paid back ; given j assigned 5 
made; translated; surrendered; afforded. 

REN'DER-ER, n. Restorer ; distributer. Chapman. 

REN'DER-ING, ppr. Returning ; giving back ; assigning ; 
making ; translating ; surrendering ; affording. 

REN'DER-ING, n. Version ; translation. Lowth. 

* REN'DEZ-VOUS, (ren'de-vooz) 71. [Fr. rc7idci vous, 
render yourselves, repair to a place.] 1. A place appointed 
for the assembling of troops, or the place where they as- 
semble ; or the port or place where ships are ordered to 
join company. 2. A place of meeting, or a sign that 
draws men together, 3. An assembly ; a meeting. 
[Rarely used.] 

* REN'DEZ-VOUS, (ren'de-vooz) v. i. To assemble at a 
particular place, as troops. Hook. 

* REN'DEZ-VOUJ?, (ren de-vooz) v. t. To assemble or 
bring together at a certain place. Echard. 

* REN'DEZ-VoUS-ING, ppr. Assembling at a particular 
place. 

REN'DI-BLE, a. 1. Tliat may be yielded or surrendered. 
2. That may be translated. [Little %ised.] 

REN-DI''TION, n. [from render.] .1. The act of yielding 
possession ; surrender. Fairfax. 2. Translation. South. 

REN'E-GADE, ) ?j. [Sp., Port. rc7?c^ado ,* Fr. reiiegat.] 1. 

REN-E-Ga'DO, ) An apostate from the faith. 2. One 
who deserts to an enemy ; a deserter. 3. A vagabond. 

I RE-NeGE', V. t. [L. rc7iego.] To deny; to disown. 

t RE-NeGE', V. i. To deny. Shak. 

RE-NERVE', (re-nerv') v. t. [re and nerve.] To nerve 
again ; to give new vigor to. J. Barlow. 

RE-NERV'ED, (re-nervd') pp. Nerved anew. 

RE-NERV'ING, ppr. Giving new vigor to. 

RE-NEW', v.t. [\j. renovo i or re and 1. To reno- 

vate ; to restore to a former state, or to a good state, after 
decay or depravation ; to rebuild ; to repair. 2. To re- 
establish ; to confirm. 3. To make again. 4. To repeat. 

5. To revive. 6. To begin again. 7. To make new ; to 
make fresh or vigorous. — t. In theology, to make new ; to 
renovate ; to transform. 

RE-NEW' A-BLE, a. That may be renewed. Swift. 


RE-NEW'AL, 71. 1. The act of renewing ; tlie act of form- 
ing anew. 2. Renovation ; regeneration. 3. Revival ; 
restoration to a former or to a good state. 

RE-NEW' ED, (re-newd') pp. Made new again ; repaired ; 
re-establislied ; repeated ; revived ; renovated. 

RE-NEW'ED-LY, adv. Anew ; again. U7iited States. 

RE-NEW'ED-NESS, n. State of being renewed. Hammond. 

RE-NEW'ER, 71. One who renews. Shericood. 

RE-NEW'ING, ppr. 1. Making new again ; repairing ; re- 
establishing ; repeating ; reviving ; renovating. 2. a. 
Tending or adapted to renovate. 

RE-NEW'ING, 71. Tlie act of making new ; renewal. 

REN'I-FORM, a. [L. renes, and /or/a.] Having the form or 
shape of the kidneys. Kirwa7i. 

* REN'I-TENCE, / 71 . [L. renitens.] 1. The resistance of 

* REiV'I-TEN-CY, a body to pressure ; the efl'ort of 
matter to resume the place or form from which it has been 
driven by the impulse of other matter ; the effect of elas- 
ticity. 2. Moral resistance ; reluctance. Darwin. 

* REN'I-TENT, a. Resisting pressure or the effect of it ; 
acting against impulse by elastic force. Ray. 

REN'NET, n. [G. rmven.] The concreted milk found in 
the stomach of a sucking quadruped, particularly of the 
calf. It is also written r unnet. 

I kind of apple. J\Io7*timer. 

RE-NOUNCE', (re-nouns') v.t. [Fr. re7io7icer; F. renuncio.] 

1. To disown ; to disclaim ; to reject, as a title or claim ; 
to refuse to own or acknowledge as belonging to. 2. To 
deny ; to cast off; to reject ; to disclaim. 3. To cast off 
or reject, as a connection or possession ; to forsake. 

RE-NOUNCE', (re-nouns') v.i. 1. To declare a renuncia- 
tion ; [0^5.] — 2. In cards, not to follow suit, when the 
person has a card of the same sort. 

RE-NOUNCE', (re-nouns') n. The declining to follow suit, 
when it can be done. 

RE-NOUN'CED, (re-nounst') pp. Disowned ; denied ; re- 
jected ; disclaimed. 

RE-NOUNCE'MENT, (re-nouns'ment) 71 . The act of dis- 
claiming or rejecting ; renunciation. Shak. 

RE-NOUN CER, 71 . One who disow ns or disclaims. 

RE-NOUN'CING, 2?pr. Disowning; disclaiming; rejecting. 

RE-NOUN'CING, n. The act of disowning, disclaiming, 
denying or rejecting. 

REN'O-VATE, v. t. [L. renovo.] To renew ; to restore to 
the first state, or to a good state, after decay, destruction 
or depravation. 

REN'O-VA-TED, pp. Renewed; made new, fresh or vig- 
orous. 

REN'O-VA-TING, ppr. Renewing. 

REN-O-Va'TION, 71. [Fr. ; F. re7iovatio.] 1. The act of 
renewing ; a making new after decay, (lestruction or de- 
pravation ; renewal. 2. A state of being renewed. Milton. 

RE-NOWN', ?}. [Fr. renom7nee.] Fame; celebrity; exalted 
reputation derived from the extensive praise of great 
achievements or accomplishments. 

RE-NOWN', V. t. To make famous. [L. u.] Drydc7i. 

RE-NOWN'ED, (re-nownd') a. Famous; celebrated for 
great and heroic achievements, for distinguished qualities, 
or for grandeur ; eminent. Dryden. 

RE-NOWN 'ED-LY, adv. With fame or celebrity. 

RFbNOWN'LESS, a. With renown ; inglorious. 

RENT, pp. of re/id. Torn asunder; split or burst by vio- 
lence ; torn. 

RENT, 71. I. A fissure ; a break or breach made by force. 

2. A schism ; a separation. 

RENT, V. t. To tear. See Rend. 

t RENT, V. i. To mnt. Hudibras. 

RENT, 77 . [Fr. ; Sp. re7ita ; D., Dan., G. rente.] A 
sum of money, or a certain amount of other valuable 
thing, issuing yearly from lands or tenements; a compen- 
sation or return, in tlie nature of an acknowledgment, for 
the possession of a corporeal inheritance. 

RENT, v.t. 1. To lease ; to grant the possession and en- 
joyment of lands or tenements for a consideration in the 
nature of rent. 2. To take and hold by lease the posses- 
sion of land or a tenement, for a consideration in the na- 
ture of rent. 

RENT, V. i. To be leased, or let for rent. 

RENT'A-BLE, a. That may be rented. 

t RENT AGE, 71. Rent. 

RENT'AL, n. A schedule or account of rents. 

RENT'ED, pp. Leased on rent. 

RENT'ER, 71. One W'ho leases an estate ; more generally, 
the lessee or tenant who takes an estate or tenement on 
rent. 

RENT'ER, 71 . t. [Fr. rentr air e.] 1. To fine-draw ; to sew 
together the edges of two pieces of cloth without doubling 
them, so that the seam is scarcely visible. — 2. In tapestry, 
to work new warp into a piece of damaged tapestry, arid 
on this to restore the original pattern or design. 3. To 
sew up’artfully, as a rent. 

RENT'ERED, pp. Fine-drawn; sewed artfully together. 

RENT'ER-ER, n. A fine-drawer. 


* See Synopsis. 


A, E, I, o, tJ, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


REP 


REP 691 


RENT'ER-ING, ppr. Fine-drawing j sewing artfully to- 
gether. 

RENT'ING, ppr. Leasing on rent ; taking on rent. 
RENT'-RoLL, n. [rent and roll.] A rental j a list or ac- 
count of rents or income. 

* RE-NUN-CI-a'TION, 71. [L. renunciatio.] The act of re- 
nouncing; a disowning ; rejection. Taylor. 

I REN-VERSE', (ren-vers') v. t. [Fr. renverser.] To re- 
verse. 

REN-VERSE', a. In heraldry^ inverted ; set with the head 
downward or contrary to the natural posture, 
t REN-VERSE'MENT, n. The act of reversing. 
RE-OB-TaIN^, V. t. [re and obtain.] To obtain again. 
RE-OB-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be obtained again. 
RE-OB-TaIN^ED, (re-ob-taind') pp. Obtained again. 
RE-OB-TaIN'1NG, ppr. Obtaining again. 

RE-OP-PqSE', V. t. To oppose again. 

RE-OR-DaIN', V. t. [re and ordain ; Fr. reordonncr.] To 
ordain again, as when the first ordination is defective. 
RE-OR-DaIN'EU, (re-or-daind') pp. Ordained again. 
RE-OR-DaINTNG, ppr. Ordaining again. 
RE-OR-DI-Na'TION, 11 . A second ordination. 
RE-0 R-GAN-I-Za'T10N, n. The act of organizing anew. 
RE-OR'G AN-iZE, V. t. [re and organize.] To organize 
anew ; to reduce again to a regular body, or to a sys- 
tem. 

RE-OR'GAN-TZED, pp. Organized anew. 
RE-OR'GArqiZ-ING, ppr. Organizing anew. 
RE-PAC'I-FOSl), pp. Pacified or appeased again. 
RE-PAC^I-FY, V. t. [re and pacify.] To pacify again. 
RE-PAC'I-FY-ING, ppr. Pacifying again. 

REi-PACK', V. t. [re and pac/c.] To pack a second time; as, 
to repack beef or pork. 

RE-PAGK'ED, (re-pakt') pp. Packed again. 

RE-PA€K'ER, 11 . One that repacks. 

RE-PAOK'ING, ppr. Packing anew. 

RE-Pa1D', pp. of repay. Paid back. 

RE-PAIR', v.t. [Fr. reparer •, L. reparo.] 1. To restore 
to a sound or good state after decay, injury, dilapi- 
dation or partial destruction. 2. To rebuild a part de- 
cayed or destroyed ; to fill up. 3. To make amends, as 
for an injury, by an equivalent ; to indemnify for. 
RE-PAIR', n. Restoration to a sound or good state after 
decay, waste, injury or partial destruction ; supply of 
loss ; reparation. 

RE-PAIR', v.i. [Fr. repairer.] To go to; to betake one’s 
self ; to resort. Pope. 

RE-PAIR', 71. The act of betaking one’s self to any place ; 

a resorting ; abode. Dryden. 

RE-PA IR'A-BLE, a. Tliat may be repaired ; reparable. 
RE-PAIR'ED, (re-paird') pp. Restored to a good or sound 
state ; rebuilt ; made good. 

RE-PAIR'ER, 11 . One who repairs or makes amends. 
RE-PAIR'ING, ppr. Restoring to a sound state ; rebuilding; 

making amends for loss or injury. 

RE-PAND', a. [L. repandus.] In botany^ a rcpand leaf is 
one, the rim of which is terminated by angles having 
sinuses between them, inscribed in the segmentof a circle. 
RE-PAND'OUS, a. Bent upwards ; convexedly crooked. 
REP'A-RA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. rcparabilis .] 1. That may be 
renaired or restored to a sound or good state. 2. That 
may be retrieved or made good. 3. That may be supplied 
by an equivalent. 

REP'A-RA-BLY, adv. In a manner admitting of restora- 
tion to a good state, or of amends, supply or indemnifi- 
cation. 

REP-A-Ra'TION, 71. 1. The act of repairing; restoration 
to soundness or a good state. 2. Supply of what is wast- 
ed. 3. Amends ; indemnification for loss or damage. 4. 
Amends ; satisfaction for injury. 

RE-PAR'A-TIVE, a. That repairs ; restoring to a sound or 
good state ; that amends defect or makes good. 
RE-PAR'A-Ti VE, n. That which restores to a good state ; 

that which makes amends. Wotton. 

REP-AR-TEE', n. [Fr. repartie.] A smart, ready and witty 
reply. Prior. 

REP-AR-TEE', v. i. To make smart and witty replies. 
KE-PaSS', V. t. [Fr. repasser ; re and pass.] To pass again ; 

to pass or travel back. Pope. 

RE-PASS', V. i. To pass or go back ; to move back. 
RE-PaSS'ED, (re-past') pp. Passed or traveled back. 
RE-PaSS'ING, ppr. Passing back. 

RE-PAST', n. [Fr. repas, from repattre ; L. re and pasco, 
to feed.] 1. The act of taking food ; or the food taken ; a 
meal. 2. Food ; victuals. 

RE-PAST', V. t. To feed ; to feast, 
t RE-PAST'URE, n. Food ; entertainment. Shak. 
t RE-PAT'RI-ATE, or f RE-Pa'TRI-ATE, v. t. [Fr. re- 
patrier ; re, and L. patria.] To restore to one’s own home 
or country. Cotgrave. 

RE-PAY', V. t. [Fr. repayer ; re and pay.] 1. To pay back ; 
to refund. 2. To make return or requital, in a good or 
had sense. 3. To recompense, as for a loss. 4. To com- 
pensate. 

* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BULL, UNITE. - 


RE-PaY^'A-BLE, a. That is to be repaid or refunded. 
RE-PaY''ING, ppr. Paying back; compensating ; requiting 
RE-PaY'MENT, 71. 1. The act of paying back ; reimburse- 
meiit. 2. The money or other thing repaid. 

RE-PeAL', v.t. [Fr. rappelcr ; Jj. appello.] 1. To recall. 

2. To recall, as a deed, will, law or statute; to revoke ; 
to abrogate by an authoritative act, or by the same power 
that made or enacted. 

RE-PeAL', 11 . Recall from exile; [o&s.] 2. Revocation; 
abrogation. 

RE-PEAL-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being repealable. 
RE-PeAL'A-BLE, a. Capable of being repealed ; revocable 
by the same power that enacted. 

RE-PeAL'EE, (re-peeld') pp. Revoked ; abrogated. 
RE-PeAL'ER, 11 . One that repeals. 

RE-PeAL'ING, ppr. Revoking ; abrogating. 

RE-PeAT', V. t. [Fr. repeter ; It. ripetcre ; Sp. repetir ; L. 
repcto.] 1. To do, make, attempt or utter again; to 
iterate. 2. To try again. 3. To recite ; to rehearse. 
RE-PeAT', 77. 1. In music, a mark directing a part to be 
repeated in performance. 2. Repetition. 

RE-PeAT'ED, pp. Done, attempted or spoken again ; re- 
cited. 

RE-PeAT'ED-LY, adv. More than once ; again and again, 
indefinitely. 

RE-PeAT'ER, 11 . 1. One that repeats ; one that recites or 
rehearses. 2. A watch that strikes the hours at will, by 
the compression of a spring. 

RE-PeAT'ING, ppr. Doing or uttering again. 

■\ REP-E-DA'TION, ii. [Low L. repedo.] A stepping or 
going back. Mure. 

RE-PEL', V. t. [L. repello.] 1. To drive back ; to force to 
return ; to check advance. 2. To resist ; to oppose. 
RE-PEL', V. i. 1. To act with force in opposition to force 
impressed. — 2. In medicine, to check an afflux to a part of 
the body. 

RE-PEL'LED, (re-peld') pp. Driven back ; resisted. 
RE-PEL'LEN-CY, n. 1. The principle of repulsion ; the 
quality of a substance which expands or separates parti- 
cles and enlarges the volume. 2. The quality that repels, 
drives back or resists approach. 3. Repulsive quality. 
RE-PEL'LENT, a. Driving back ; able or tending to repel. 
RE-PEL'LENT, 77. In medicine, a medicine which drives 
back morbid humors into the mass of the blood, from 
which they were unduly secreted ; a discutient. 
RE-PEL'LER, n. He or that which repels. 

RE-PEL'LING, ppr. Driving back ; resisting approach. 
Re'PENT, a. [L. repo.] Creeping ; as, a repent root. 
RE-PENT', V. i. [Fr. repentir It. pentirc, pentirsi ; Sp. 
arrepentirse.] 1. To feel pain, sorrow or regret for some- 
thing done or spoken. 2. To express sorrow for some- 
thing past. 3. To change the mind in consequence of 
the inconvenience or injury done by past conduct. — 4. 
Applied, to the Supreme Being, to change the course of 
providential dealings. Oen. vi. — 5. In theology, to sorrow 
or be pained for sin, as a violation of God’s holy law, a 
dishonor to his character and government, and the foulest 
ingratitude to a Being of infinite benevolence. 

RE-PENT', V. t. 1. To remember with sorrow. 2. With 
the reciprocal pronoun ; [Fr. se repentir ;] Jer. viii. ; [oft.?.] 
RE-PENT'ANCE, n. [Fr.] 1. Sorrow for any thing done 
or said ; the pain or grief which a person experiences in 
consequence of the injury or inconvenience produced by 
his own conduct. — 2. In theology, real penitence ; sorrow 
or deep contrition for sin, as an offense and dishonor to 
God, a violation of his holy law, and the basest ingrati- 
tude towards a Being of infinite benevolence. 
RE-PENT'ANT, a. [Fr.l 1. Sorrowful for past conduct or 
words. 2. l^orrowful lor sin. 3. Expressing or showing 
sorrow for sin. 

RE-PENT'ANT, ii. 1. One w'ho repents; a penitent. 2. 

One that expresses sorrow for sin. Lighifoot. 
RE-PENT'ER, n. One that repents. 

RE-PENT'ING, ppr. Grieving for what is past; feeling 
pain or contrition for sin. 

RE-PENT'ING, n. Act of repenting. Hos. xi. 
RE-PENT'1NG-LY% adv. With repentance. 

RE-PeO'PLE, V. t. [re and people ; Fr. repeupler.] To 
people anew ; to furnish again with a stock of people. 
RE-PeO'PLED, pp. Stocked anew with inhabitants. 
RE-PeO'PLING, 2W' Furnishing again with a stock of 
inhabitants. 

RE-PeO'PLING, 77. The act of furnishing again with in- 
habitants. Hale. 

RE-PER-eUSS', V. t. [L. repereutio.] To beat back. 
RE-PER-€US'SI0N, 77. [L. repcrcussio.] 1. The act of 
driving back ; reverberation. — 2. In music, frequent repe- 
tition of the same sound. 

RE-PER-€USS'IVE, a. 1. Driving back ; having the pow'er 
of sending back ; causing to reverberate. 2. Repcdlent ; 
[obs.] 3. Driven back ; reverberated. 

t RE-PER-€USS'IVE, 77 . A repellent. Paco??. 

t RE-PER-Ti"T10US, a. [from L. repertus.] Found ; 
gained by finding. Diet. 

■€ as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as ixi this. | Obsolete . 


REP 


G92 


REP^ER-TO-RY, n. [Fr. repertoire ; L. repertorium.] 1. 
A place in which things are disposed in an orderly man- 
ner, so that they can be easily found, as the index of a 
book, a common-place book, 2. A treasury ; a mag- 
azine. 

; REP-E-TEND', 7i. [L. repetendus.] The parts of decimals 
continually repeated. 

REP-E-Tl''TION, V. [h. repetitio.] 1. The act of doing or 
uttering a second time ; iteration of the same act, or of 
the same words or sounds. 2. 'I'he act of reciting or re- 
hearsing •, the act of reading over. 3. Recital. 4. Recital 
fVom memory. — 5. In music, the art of repeating, singing 
or playing the same part a second time. — b. In rhetoric, 
reiteration, or a repeating the same word, or the same 
sense in different words, for the purpose of making a 
deeper impression on the audience. 

REP-E-Ti''T10N-AL, ) <i. Containing repetition. [Little 
HEP-E-TP/TION-A-RY, \ used.] 

REP-E-Tl 'TIOUS, a. Having repetitions. [Little used.] 
RE-PINE', v.i. [re and pine.] 1. To fret one’s self; to be 
discontented ; to feel inward discontent which preys on 
the spirits. 2. To complain discontentedly ; to murmur. 
3. To envy. 

RE-PlN'ER, n. One that repines or murmurs. 

RE-PIN'ING, ppr. 1. Fretting one’s self; feeling discon- 
tent that preys on tJie spirits ; complaining ; murmuring. 
2. a. Disposed to iiiurmur or complain. 

RE-ITN'ING, n. The act of fretting or feeling discontent or 
of murmuring. Burnet. 

RE-PiN'JNG-LY, adv. \V’’itli murmuring or complaint. Hall. 
RE-PLaC£', v.i. [Yr. replacer i re and place.] 1. To put 
again in the former place. 2. To put in a new place. 3. 
To repay; to refund. 4. To put a competent substitute 
in the place of another displaced or of something lost. 
RE-PLa'CED, (re-plast') pp. Put again in a former place ; 

supplied by a substitute. 

RE-PLaCE'MENT, n. The act of replacing. 
RE-PLa'CING, ppr. Putting again in a former place ; sup- 
plying the place of with a substitute. 

RE-PLaIT', V. t. [re and plait.] To plait or fold again ; to 
fold one part over another again and again. JOryden. 
RE-PLaIT'ED, pp. Folded again or often. 

RE-PLaIT'ING, ppr. Folding again or often. 

RE-PLANT', V. t. [Fr. replanter.] To plant again. 
RE-PLANT' A-BLE, a. That may be planted again. 
RE-PLAN-Ta'TION, n. The act of planting again. 
RE-PLANT'ED, pp. Planted anew. 

RE-PLANT'ING, ppr. Planting again. 

RE-PLeAD', V. t. [re and jdead.] To plead again. 
RE-PLeAD'ER, n. In law, a second pleading or course of 
pleadings; or the power of pleading again. 

RE-PLEN'ISH, V. t. [Norm, replener.] 1. To fill ; to stock 
with numbers or abundance. 2. To finish ; to complete ; 
[oZ>6’.] 

RE-PLEN'ISH, V. i. To recover former fullness. Bacon. 
RE-PLEN'ISHED, pp. Filled ; abundantly supplied. 
RE-PLEN'ISH-ING, ppr. Filling; supplying with abun- 
dance. 

RE-PLeTE', a. [L. replctus.] Completely filled ; full. 
RE-PLe'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. replctio.] 1. The state of being 
completely filled ; or superabundant fullness. — 2. In medi- 
cine, fullness of blood ; plethora. 

RE-PLe'TIVE, a. Filling; replenishing. Cotgrave. 

I RE-PLe'TIVE-LY, adv. So as to be filled. 
RE-PIjEV'I-A-BLE, a. In law, that may be replevied. 
RE-PLEV'IED, pp. Taken by a writ of replevin. 
RE-PLEV'IN, n. 1. An action or remedy granted on a 
distress, by which a person whose cattle or goods are dis- 
trained, has them returned to his own possession upon 
giving security to try the right of taking in a suit at law, 
and if that should be determined against him, to return 
the cattle or goods into the possession of the distrainor. 
2. The writ by which a distress is replevied. 
RE-PLEV'I-SA-BLE, a. That may be replevied. 
RE-PLEV'Y, v. t. [re and pledge ; Law L. replegiare.] L 
To take back, by a writ for that purpose, cattle" or goods 
that have been distrained, upon giving security to try the 
right of distraining in a suit at law, and if that should be 
determined against the plaintiff, to return the cattle or 
goods into the hands of the distrainor. 2. To bail. 
RE-PLEV'\-ING, ppr. Retaking a distress. 
REP-LI-Ca'T10N, n. [L. replicatio.] 1. An answer; a 
reply. Particularly, 2. In law pleadings, the reply of 
the plaintiff’ to the defendant’s plea. 3. Return or reper- 
cussion of sound ; [ofts.] 

RE-PLI'ER, n. One who answers ; he that speaks or writes 
in return to something spoken or written. 

RE-PL"?', v.i. [Fr. repliquer ; L. replico ; H.replicare ; Sp. 
replicar.] 1. To answer ; to make a return in words or 
writing to something said or written by another. — 2. In 
law, to answer a defendant’s plea. 

RE-PC?', V. t. To return for an answer. 

RE-PL?', V. [Fr. replique ; It. replica.] L An answer; 
that which is said or written in answer to what is said or 


HEP 

written by another. 2. A book or pamphlet written in 
answer to another. 

RE-PL Y'ING, ppr. Answering either in words or writing. 

RE-POL'LSH, V. t. [Fr. repolir ; re and polish.] To polish 
again. Dunne. 

RE-POL'ISHED, pp. Polished again. 

RE-POL'ISH-ING, ppr. Polishing anew. 

RE-PoilT', V. t. [Fr. rupporter ,• L. reporto.] 1. To bear 
or bring back an answer, or to relate what has been dis- 
covered by a person sent to examine, explore or investi- 
gate. 2. To give an account of; to relate ; to tell. 3. To 
tell or relate from one to another ; to circulate publicly, as 
a story. 4. To give an official account or statement. 5. 
I’o give an account or statement of crises and decisions in 
a court of law or chancery. 0. To return, as sound ; to 
give back. — To be reported, or to be reported of, to be well 
or ill spoken of. 

RE-PoRT', V. i. To make a statement of facts. 

RE-PoRT', 71. 1. An account returned ; a statement or re- 
lation of facts given in reply to inquiry, or by a peisoii 
authorized to examine and make return to his employer. 
2. Rumor ; common fame ; story circulated. 3. Repute ; 
public character. 4. Account; story; relation. 5. 
Found; noise. 6. An account or statement of a judicial 
opinion or decision, or of a case argued anff determined 
in a court of law, chancery, &cc. 7. An official statement 
of facts, verbal or written ; particularly , a statement in 
writing of proceedings and facts exhibited by an officer to 
his superiors. 

RE-PoRT'ED, pp. Told, related or stated in answer to in- 
quiry or direction ; circulated in popular rumors ; reputed ; 
stated officially. 

RE-PoRT'ER, 7i. L One that gives an account, verbal or 
written, official or unofficial. 2. An officer or person who 
makes statements of law proceedings and decisions, or 
of legislative debates. 

RE-PoRT'lNG, pp?-. Giving account ; relating; presenting 
statements of facts or of adjudged cases in law. 

RE-PoRT ING-LY, adv. By report or common fame. 

RE-PoS'AL, 71. The act of reposing or resting. Shah. 

[RE-POS'ANCE, 72. Reliance. J. Hall. 

RE-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. reposer ', It. riposare Sp. reposar.] 
1. To lay at rest. 2. To lay ; to rest, as the mind, in 
confidence or trust. 3. To lay up; to deposit ; to lodge. 
4. 'I^ place in confidence. 

RE-PoSE', V. i. 1. To lie at rest ; to sleep. 2. To rest in 
confidence. 3. To lie ; to rest. 

RE-PdFE', 71. [Fr. repos.] LA lying at rest. 2. Sleep; 
rest ; quiet. 3. Rest of mind ; tranquillity ; freedom from 
uneasiness. 4. Cause of rest. — 5. In poetry, a rest ; a 
pause. — 6. In painting, harmony of colors, as when 
nothing glaring appears. Gilpin. 

RE-PoS'ED, (re-p6zd') pp. Laid at rest ; placed in confi- 
dence. 

RE-PdS'ED-NESS, 7i. State of being at rest. 

RE-PoS'ING, ppr. Laying at rest; placing in confidence ; 
lying at rest ; sleeping. 

RE-POS'lT, V. t. [L. reposit7is.] To lay up ; to lodge, as 
for safety or preservation. Der/iarn. 

RE-POS'IT-ED, pp. Laid up ; deposited for safety or pres- 
ervation. 

RE-POS'IT-ING, ppr. Laying up or lodging for safety or 
preservation. 

RE-PO-Si'-TION, n. The act of replacing. JViseman. 

RE-POS'I-TO-RY, n. [L. repositof'ium.] A place where 
things are or may be deposited for safety or preservation. 

RE-POS-SESS', V. t. [re and possess.] To possess again. — 
To repossess one\s self, to obtain possession again. 

RE-POS-SESS'ED, (re-pos-sest') p;;. Possessed again. 

RE-POS-SEFS'ING, ppr. Possessing again; obtaining pos- 
session again. 

RE-POF-SES'FiON, n. The act of possessing again ; the 
state of possessing again. 

RE-PoUR', V. t. [re and pour.] To pour again. 

REP-RE-HEND', v. t. [L. reprehendo ; Fr. repre7idre.] 1. 
To chide ; to reprove. 2. To blame ; to censure. 3. To 
detect of fallacy ; [o^>5.] 4. To accuse ; to charge with a 
fault. Bacon. 

REP-RE-HEND'ED,pp. Reproved; blamed. 

REP-RE-HEND'ER, ?i. One that reprehends; one that 
blames or reproves. Hooker. 

REP-R E-HEN D'ING, ppr. Reproving; blaming. 

REP-RE-IIEN'SI-BLE, a. [Fr.; L. reprehensus.] Blamable; 
culpable ; censurable ; deserving reproof. 

REP-RE-HEN'SI-BLE-NESS, ?t. Blamableness ; culpable- 
ness. 

REP-RE-HEN'SI-BLY, adv. Culpably ; in a manner to de- 
serve censure or reproof. 

REP-RE-HEN'SION, n. [Fr.; L. reprehensio.] Reproof; 
censure ; open blame. 

REP-RE-HEN'SIVE, a. Containing reproof. South. 

REP-RE-HEN'SO-RY, a. Containing reproof. BosivelJ. 

REP-RE-.SENT', v. t. [Fr. 7'epresentcr ; L. rept\es€7ito.] 1. 
To show or exhibit by resemblance. 2. To describe ; to 


* Sec SyTiopsis. A, E, I, O, D, ?, Zen«-._FAR, FALL, WH^T ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;■ 


I Obsolete. 


HEP 


693 


REP 


exhibit to the mind in words. 3. To exhibit ; to show by 
action. 4. To personate ; to act the character or to fill the 
])lace of another in a play. 5. To supply the place of; to 
act as a substitute for another. 6. To show by argu- 
ments, reasoning or statement of facts. 7. To stand in 
the place of, in the right of inheritance. 

■'•REP-RE-SENTfANCE, 7i. Representation; likeness. 
REP-RE-SENT' ANT, ?<. A representative. Wotton. 

REP-RE-SENT-a''J'ION, 7t. ]. The act of representing, 
describing or showing. 2. That which exJiibits by re- 
semblance ; image, likeness, picture or statue. 3. Any 
exhibition of the form or operations of a thing by some- 
thing resembling it. 4. Exhibition, as of a play on the 
stage. 5. Exhibition of a character in theatrical per- 
formance. 6. Verbal description ; statement of arguments 
or facts. 7. The business of acting as a substitute for 
another. 8. Representatives, as a collective body. 9. 
Public exhibition. 10. The standing in the place of ano- 
ther, as an heir, or in the right of taking by inheritance. 

REP-RE-f?ENT'A-TIVE, a. [Fr. represcntatif.^ 1. Exhib- 
iting a similitude. 2. Bearing the character or power of 
another. 

REP-RE-SENT'A-TIVE, n. 1. One that exhibits the like- 
ness of another. — 2. In legislative or other business^ an 
agent, deputy or substitute who supplies the place of 
another or others, being invested with his or their author- 
ity.— 3. In lawy one that stands in the place of anotlier 
as lieir, or in the right of succeeding to an estate of in- 
heritance, or to a crown. 4. That by which any thing 
is exhibited or shown. 

REP-RE-SENT'A-Ti VE-LY, adv. I. In the character of 
another ; by a representative. 2. By substitution ; by 
delegation of power. 

R]-]P-RE-SENT'A-TiVE-NESS, n. The state or quality of 
being representative. Spectator. 

REP-RE-SENT'ED, jyp. Shown ; exliibited ; personated ; 
described ; stated ; having substitutes. 

REP-RE-SENT'SR, 'll. 1. One who shows, exhibits or de- 
scribes. 2. A representative ; one that acts by deputation ; 
[little used.] 

REP-RE-SENT'ING, ppr. Showing ; exhibiting ; de- 
scribing ; acting in another’s character. 

REP-RE-SENT'MENT, n. Representation; image; an 
idea proposed as exhibiting the likeness of something. 

RE-PRESS', V. t. [L. repressiis.] 1. To Ci'ush ; to quell ; to 
put down; to subdue; to suppress. 2. To check; to 
restrain. 

t RE-PRESS', 11 . The act of subduing. 

RE-PRESS'ED, (re-prest') pp. Crushed; subdued. 

RE-PRESS'ER, n. One that crushes or subdues. 

RE-PRESS' 1 NG, ppi'. Crushing; subduing; checking. 

RE-PRES'SION, 71. 1. The act of subduing. 2. Check ; re- 
straint. 

RE-PRESS'IVE, a. Having power to crush ; tending to 
subdue or restrain. 

t RE-PIUk YAL, 71. Respit ; reprieve. Overbiirp. 

RE-PRIeVE', V. t. [Fr. repreridrc, repris.] 1. To respit af- 
ter sentence of death ; to suspend or delay the execution 
of for a time. 2. To grant a respit to; to relieve for a 
time from any sulfering. 

RE-PRIeVE', n. ]. The temporary suspension of the exe- 
cution of sentence of death on a criminal. 2. Respit; 
interval of ease or relief. 

RE-PRIeV'ED, (re-preevd') pp. Respited ; allowed a longer 
time to live than the sentence of death peimits. 

RE-PRIeV'ING, ppr. Respiting; suspending the execu- 
tion of for a time. 

REP'RI-ilAND, V. t. [Fr. reprimavder.'] 1. To reprove 
severely ; to reprehend ; to chide for a fault. 2. To re- 
prove publicly and ofiicially, in execution of a sentence. 

REP'RI-MANli, n. .Severe reproof for a fault; repreiien- 
sion, private or public. Spectator. 

REPT< l-i\IANl)-ED, pp. Severely reproved. 

REP'Rf-lMAND-ING, ppr. Reproving severely. 

RE-PRINT', V. t. [re and print.] 1. To print again ; to print 
a second or any new edition. Pope. 2. To renew the im- 
pression of any tiling. South. 

Re'PIHNT, 77. A second or a new edition of a book. 

R E-PiUNT ED, pp. Frintedanew; inijiressed again. 

RE-PRINT'ING, ppr. Printing again; renewing an im- 
pression. 

RE-PRiSB'ATi, 7?. [Fr. represaiUes ; It. ripresaglia ; Ep. 
rcprcsa.Ua.'] 1. The seizure or taking of anything from 
an eaiemy by way of retaliation or indemnification for 
rauneUiing ta.ken or detained by him. 2. That which is 
taken from an enemy to indemnify an owmer for somc- 
lliing of his which the enemy lias seized. 3. Recaption. 
4. The act of retorting on an enemy by inflicting suffer- 
ing or death on a prisoner taken from him, in retaliation 
of an act of inhumanity. Vattel. 

tRE-PRTSE', 7 ?. [Fr.] A taking by way of retaliation. _ 

I’E-PRTSE', v.t. ]. To take again. Spenser. 2. To recom- 
pense ; to pay. Grant. 


RE-PRIZ'ES, 77. pin. In law, yearly deductions out of a 
manor, as rent-charge, rent-seck, &c. Jones. 

Rcj-PRoACII', ' 0 . t. [Fr. rcprocher ; It. rimprocciare.] 1. To 
censure in terms of opprobrium or contempt. 2. To 
charge witli a fault in severe language. 3. fl’e upbraid ; 
to suggest blame for any thing. 4. To treat with scorn or 
contempt. Luke vi. 

RE-PRoACH', n. J. Censure mingled with contempt or 
derision ; contumelious or opprobrious language towards 
any person ; abusive reflections. 2. Shame ; inlUi.iy ; 
disgrace. 3. Object of contempt, scorn or derision. 4. 
That which is the cause of shame or disgrace. Gen. xxx. 

RE-PRoA(JlI'A-BLE, a. 1. Deserving reproach. 2. Op- 
probrkms ; scurrilous; [not proper.] Elyot. 

RE-PRoACH'ED, (re-procht ) pp. Censured in terms of 
contempt ; upbraided. 

RE-PRoACIl'FlJL, a. E Expressing censure wiin con- 
tempt ; scurrilous ; opprobrious. 2.^Shameful; bringing 
or casffng reproach ; infamous ; base ; vile. 

RE-PRoACII'FUL-IA'", ado. 1. In terms of reproach; op- 
probriously ; scurrilously. 1 Tim. v. 2. Shamefully ; dis- 
gracefully ; contein})tuously. 

REP'RO-BATE, a. [L. reprobatus.] E Not enduring proof 
or trial ; not of standard purity or fineness ; disallowed ; 
rejected. 2. Abandoned in sin ; lost to virtue or grace. 
3. Abandoned to error, or in apostasy. 

REP'RO-BATE, n. A person abandoned to sin ; one l )St 
to virtue and religion. Raleigh. 

REP'RO-BATE, v. t. 1. To disapprove with detestation or 
marks of extreme dislike; to disallow; to reject, it ex- 
presses more than disapprove or disalloio. We disapprove 
of slight laults and improprieties; we reprobate wlnit is 
mean or criminal. 2. //i a milder sense, to disallow. 3. 
To abandon to wickedness and eternal destruction. 4. To 
abandon to his sentence, without hope of pardon. 

REP'RO-BA-TED, pp. Disapproved with abhorrence; re- 
jected ; abandoned to wickedness or to destruction. 

REP'RO-BATE-NESS, n. The state of being reprobate. 

REP'RO-BA-TER, n. One that reprobates. 

REP'RO-BA-TING, ppr. Disapproving with extreme dis- 
like ; rejecting; abandoning to wickedness or to destruc- 
tion. 

REP-RO-Ba'TION, 77. [Fr.; E. leprobatio.] i.Tlieactof 
disallowing witli detestation, or of expressing extreme 
dislike. 2. The act of abandoning or state of being aban- 
doned to eternal destruction. 3. A condemnatory sen- 
tence ; rejection. 

REP-RO-Ba'TION-ER, 77. One who abandons others to 
eternal destruction. South. 

RE-PRO-DuCE', V. t. [re and produce.] To produce again ; 
to renew the production of a thing destroyed. 

RE-PRO-Du'CED, (re-pro-dust') pp. Produced anew. 

RE-PRO-Du'CER, n. One or that which reproduces. 

RE-PRO-Du'CING, ppr. Producing anew. 

RE-PRO-DUG'TION, 77. The act or process of reproducing 
that vvliich lias been destroyed. 

RE-PROOF', 77. [^vom reprove.] 1. Blame expressed to the 
face ; censure for a fault ; reprehension. 2. Blame cast ; 
censure directed to a person. 

RE-PROV'A-BLE, a. [from reprove.] Worthy of reproof ; 
deserving censure ; blamable. Taylor. 

RE-PROVE', V. t. [Fr. reprouver ; Ij. reprobo.] E To 
blame ; to censure. 2. To charge with a fiuilt to the face ; 
to chide ; to reprehend. Luke iii. 3. To blame for. 4. To 
convince of a fault, or to make it manifest. John xvi. 
5. To refute ; to disprove ; [oE^.] 6. To excite a sense of 
guilt. 7. To manifest silent disapprobation or blame. 

RE-PRCV'ED, (re-proovd') pp. Blamed; reprehended ; con- 
vinced of a fault. 

RE-PRoV'ER, 77 . One that reproves ; he or that which 
blames. South. 

RE-PRC)V'TNG, pp?-. Blaming; censuring. 

RE-PRuNE', V. t. [re and prune.] To prune a second 
time. 

RE-PRuN'ED, pp. Pruned a second time. 

RE-PRuN'ING, ppr. Pruning a second time. 

REP'TiLE, a. [Fr.; L. reptUis.] E Creeping; moving on 
the belly, or with many small feet. 2. Groveling ; low; 
viilsar. 

REP'TiLE, 77 . 1. An animal that moves on its belly, or by 
means of small, short legs, as earth-worms, caterpillars, 
snakes and the like. 2. A groveling or very mean per- 
son ; a term of contempt. 

RE-PUB'Lie, 77. [L. rcsp7/Mc77.] E A commomvealth ; a 
state in which the exercise of the sovereigii pov.^er is 
lodged in representatives elected by the people. 2. Com- 
mon interest ; tlie public ; [oEa ] — Republic of letters, the 
collective bodv of learned men. 

RE-PUB'LI-€AN, a. 1. Pertaining to a republic ; consisting 
of a coinmonw'ealth. 2. Consonant to the principles of a 
republic. — 

RE-PUB'IA-GAN, n. One who favors or prefers a republican 
form of government. 

RE-PUB'LI-€AN-ISM, n. E A republican form or system 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


RES 


REQ G94 


of government. 2. Attachment to a republican form of 
government. 

RE-PUB'Ll-€AN-iZE, v. t. To convert to republican prin- 
ciples. Ramsay. 

RE-rUB-L[-CA'TION, n. [re and publication.] 1. A second 
publication, or a new publication of something before 
publislied. 2. A second publication, as of a former will ; 
renewal. 

RE-PUB'LISiI, V. t. [re and puZ>Zt5/i.] 1. To publish a sec- 
ond time, or to pUelish a new edition of a work before 
published. 2. To publish anew. 

RE-P[TB'LISHED, pp. Published anew. 

RE-PIJB'LISH-ER, n. One who republishes. 

RE-PUB'LISH-ING, ppr. Publishing again. 

RE-Pu'DI-A-BLE, a. [from repudiate.] That may be re- 
jected ; fit or proper to be put away. 

RE-PO'DI-ATE, t. [Yi'.repudicr ^ Ij.repudio.] 1. To cast 
away j to reject ; to discard. 2. Appropriately, to put 
awiy^ ; to divorce, as a wife. 

RE-Pu'UI-A-TED, pp. Cast ofFj rejected j discarded j di- 
vorced. 

RE-Pu'D[-A-TING, ppr. Casting off j rejecting; divorcing. 

RE-PU-D[-a'TION, n. [Fr.; L. repudiatio.] 1. Rejection. 
2. Divorce. Arbuthnot. 

f-RE-PuGN', (re-pune') n. [L. repugno.] To oppose; to 
resist. 

RE-PUG'NANCE, ) 7i. [Fr. repugnance 'j It. ripugnanza ; 

RE-PUG'NAN-CY, \ L. repiignantia.] 1. Opposition of 
mind ; reluctance ; unwillingness. 2. Opposition or 
struggle of passions; resistance. 3. Opposition of prin- 
ciples or qualities ; inconsistency ; contrariety. 

RE-PUG'NAiNT, a. [Fr.; L. repugnans.] 1. Opposite ; 
contrary ; inconsistent. 2. Disobedient ; not obsequious ; 
[oZ;s.] 

RE-PUG'NANT-LY, adv. With opposition; in contradic- 
tion. Brown. 

RE -PUL'LU-LATE, v. i. [L. re and pullulo.] To bud 
again. Howell. 

RE-P1JL-LU-La'TION, n. The act of budding again. 

RE-PULSE', (re-puls') ?i. [L. repulsa.] 1. A being checked 
in advancing, or driven back by force. 2. .Refusal ; de- 
nial. 

RE-PULSE', V. t. [L. repulsus.] To repel; to beat or drive 
back. .Milton. 

RE-PULS'ED, (re-pulst') pp. Repelled; driven back. 

RE-PULS'ER, n. One that repulses or drives back. 

RE-PULS'fNG, ppr. Driving back. 

RE-PUL'SION, n. 1. In physics, the power of repelling or 
driving off; that property of bodies which causes them to 
recede from each other or avoid coming in contact. 2. The 
act of repelling. 

RE-PULS'IVE, a. 1. Repelling; driving off, or keeping 
from approach. 2. Cold ; reserved ; forbidding. 

RE-PULS'IVE-NESS, zi. The quality of being repulsive or 
forbidding. 

RE-PULS'O-RY, a. Repulsive ; driving back. 

RE-PUR'CHASE, v. t. [re and purchase.] To buy again ; 
to buy back ; to regain by purchase or expense. 

RE-PUR'CIIASE, n. The act of buying again; the pur- 
chase again of what has been sold. 

RE-PUR'CHASED, pp. Bought back or again ; regained by 
expense. Shah. 

RE-PUR CHAS-ING, pjzr. Buying back or again ; regain- 
ing by the payment of a price. 

REP'U-TA-BI^E, a. L Being in good repute; held in es- 
teem ; as, a reputable man or character ; reputable conduct. 
It expresses less than respectable and honorable, denoting 
the good opinion of men, without distinction or great 
qualities. 2. Consistent with reputation ; not mean or 
disgraceful. 

REP'U-TA-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being reputable. 

REPU-TA-BLY, adv. With reputation; without disgrace 
or discredit. 

REP-U-Ta'TION, n. [Fr.; L. reputatio.] 1. Good name; 
the credit, honor or cliaracter which is derived from a 
favorable public opinion or esteem. 2. Character by re- 
port ; in a good or had sense. 

RE-PuTE', V. t. [L. reputo ,• Fr. reputer.] To tliink ; to ac- 
count ; to hold ; to reckon. Shah. 

RE-POTE', 71. Reputation ; good character ; the credit or 
honor derived from common or public opinion. 2. Char- 
acter ; in a had sense. 3. Established opinion. 

RE-PuT'ED, pp. Reckoned; accounted. 

RE-POT'ED-LY, adv. In common opinion or estimation. 

RE-PuTE'IjESS, a. Disreputable ; disgraceful. 

RE-PuT'ING, ppr. Thinking; reckoning; accounting. 

RE-Q.UEST', n. [Fr. requite ; L. requisitus ; Sp. requesta.] 
J. The expression of desire to some person for something 
to be granted or done ; an asking ; a petition. 2. Prayer ; 
the expression of desire to a superior or to the Almighty. 
Phil. iv. 3. The thing asked for or requested. 4. A state 
of being desired or held in such estimation as to be soiight 
after or pursued . — Izi request, in demand ; in credit or 
reputation. 


RE-Q,UEST', v. t. [Fr. requdter.] 1. To ask ; to solicit ; to 
express desire for. 2. To express desire to ; to ask. 2. A 
court of conscience for the recovery of small debts, held 
by two aldermen and four commoners, who try causes by 
the oath of parties and of other witnesses. 

RE-Q,UElST'ED, pp. Asked; desired; solicited. 

RE-CiUEST'ER, n. One who requests ; a petitioner. 

RE-CiUEST'ING, ppr. Asking; petitioning. 

RE-CIUICK'EJV, V. t. [re and quicken.] To reanimate ; to 
give new life to. Shak. 

RE-aUI€K'ENED, pp. Reanimated. 

RE-U.Ul€K'EN-Ii\G, ppr. Reanimating; invigorating. 

Re'QUI-EM, n. [L.] In the Romish church, a hymn or 
mass sung for the dead, for the rest of his soul ; so called 
from the first word. 2. Rest ; quiet ; peace ; [oZ>s.] 

I RE-QUl'E-TO-RY, n. ["Low IL. requietoriuin.] A sepul- 
chre. _ 

RE-Q,UlR'A-BLE, a. [from require.] That may be requir- 
ed ; fit or proper to be demanded. Hale. 

RE-CiUlRE', v.t. [L. requiro ; Fr., Sp. requerir.] 1. To 
demand ; to ask, as of right and by authority. 2. To 
claim ; to render necessary. 3. To ask as a favor ; to re- 
quest. 4. To call to account for. Ezek. xxxiv. 5. To 
make necessary ; to need ; to demand. 1 Sam. xxi. 6. To 
avenge ; to take satisfaction for. 1 Sam. xx. 

RE-UUIR'ED, (re-quird') pp. Demanded; needed; neces- 
sary. 

RE-(iUlRE'MENT, n. Demand ; requisition. Scott. 

RE-QUiR'ER, n. One who requires. 

RE-Q-UIR'ING, ppr. Demanding; needing. 

REQ,'Ul-SlTE, (rek'we-zit) a. [L. requisitus.] Required by 
the nature of things or by circumstances; necessary; so 
needful that it cannot be dispensed with. 

REQ.'UI-SITE, n. That which is necessary ; something 
indispensable. 

REU'UI-SiTE-LY, adv. Necessarily; in a requisite man- 
ner. Boyle. 

RECi'UI-SiTE-NESS, n. The state of being requisite or 
necessary ; necessity. Boijle. 

REQ,-UI-SF'TION, ?i. [Yx.-,lt. requisizione.] Demand ; ap- 
plication made as of right. 

RE-dUiS'I-TlVE, a. Expressing or implying demand. 

RE-Q,UIS'I-TO-RY, a. Sought for ; demanded. [L. w.] 

RE-OUI'TAL, n. [from requite.] 1. Return for any olfice, 
good or bad ; in a good sense, compensation ; recompense. 
2. Return ; reciprocal action. Waller. 

RE-Q,UITE', t. [from quit ^ Ir. cuitighim.] 1. To repay 
eitlier good or evil ; in a good sense, to recompense ; to 
return an equivalent in good ; to reward. 2. To do or 
give in return. 

RE-Q,UIT'ED, pp. Repaid; recompensed; rewarded. 

RE-Q,UlT'ER, n. One who requites. 

RE-Q,UIT'ING, ppr. Recompensing; rewarding ; giving in 
return. 

RkRE'-MOUSE, «. [Sax. /ireremus.] A bat. 

RE-R E-SOL VE', (re-re-zolv') v. t. To resolve a second 
time. 

ReRE'-WARD, n. [rear and ward.] The part of an army 
that marches in the rear, as the guard ; the rear-guard. 

RE-SaIL', V. t. or i. [re and sail.] To sail back. Pope. 

RE-SaLE', n. [re and sale.] 1. A sale at second hand. 2. 
A second sale ; a sale of wliat was before sold to the pos- 
sessor. 

RE-SA-LuTE', V. t. [L. resaluto ; Yr.resaluer.] 1. To sa- 
lute or greet anew. 2. To return a salutation. 

RE-SA-LOT'ED, pp. Saluted again. 

RE-SA-LuT'ING, ppr. Saluting anew. 

RE-SCIND', V. t. [L. rescindo ,• Fr. rescinder.] 1. To ab- 
rogate ; to revoke ; to annul ; to vacate an act by tlie 
enacting authority or by superior authority. 2. To cut 
ofl’; [o&s.] 

RE-SCIS'SION, (re-sizh'un) n. [Fr. rescisioJi ; L. re^cissu.s.] 
I. The act of abrogating, annulling or vacating. 2. A 
cutting off. 

RE-SCIS'SCKRY, a. [Fr. rescisoire.] Having power to cut 
off or to abrogate. Selden. 

RES'eOUS, in law. See Rescue. 

RE-SGRIBE', V. t. [L. rescribo.] 1. To write back. 2. To 
write over again. 

RE'SURIPT, 71 . [h. rescripturn.] The answer of an empe- 
ror, when consulted by particular persons on some diffi- 
cult question. 

t RE-SCRIP'TION, n. The act of writing back, or of an- 
swering a letter in writing. Lovcday. 

RE-S€R1PT'IVE-LY, adv. By rescript. [Z77JM.9 wcZ.] Burke. 

RES'€U-A-BLE, a. That may be rescued. Oayton. 

RES'GUE, (res'ku) zu t. [Norm, rescure ; Fr. recourre, re- 
coils j It. riscattare.] To free or deliver from any confine- 
ment, danger or evil ; to liberate from restraint. 

RES'UUE, n. 1. Deliverance from restraint, violence or 
danger, by force or by the interference of an agent. — 2. 
In laic, rescue or rescous, the forcible retaking of a lawful 
distress from the distrainor, or from the custody of the 
law. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, U, Y, long.—YA.B., FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; - f Obsolete. 


RES 


695 


RES 


KES'€UED, pp^ Delivered from confinement or danger. 
KES'GU-ER, n. One that rescues or retakes. Kent. 
KFiS'OU-lNCx, ppr. Liberating from restraint or danger. 
IIE-SEARCH', (re-serclF) n. [Fr. recherche.^ Diligent in- 
quiry or examination in seeking facts or principles ; labo- 
rious or continued search after truth. 

RE-SEARCIR, (re-serch') v. t. [Fr. rechercher.] L' To 
search or examine with continued care ; to seek diligent- 
ly for the truth. 2. To search again ; to examine anew. 
RE-!SEARCH'ER, (re-serch'er) n. One who diligently in- 
quires or examines. 

RE-SEx\T', t. [re and 5 eat.l To seat or set again. 
RE-Sf,AT'ED, pp. Seated again. 

RE-Se AT'ING, ppr. Seating again. 

RE-SEG'TION, n. [L. resectio, reseco.] The act of cutting 
or paring off. Cotgrave. 

RE-SEEK', V. t. pret. and pp. resought. To seek again. 
RE-SeIZE', V. t. [re and seize.] 1. To seize again ; to 
seize a second time. — 2. In Zaic, to take possession of 
lands and tenements which have been disseized. 
RE-SeIZ'ED, (re-seezd') pp. Seized again. 

RE-SeIZ'ER, 71. One who seizes again. 

RE-SkIZ'ING, ppr. Seizing again. 

RE-SeIZ'URE, (re-se'zhur) 71. A second seizure; tlie act 
of seizing again. Bacon. 

RE-SELL', V. t. To sell again, 
t RE-SEM'BLA-BLE, a. That may be compared. 
RE-SEM'BLANCE, 71. [Fr. res semblance.] 1. Likeness ; 
similitude, either of external form or of qualities. 2 . 
Something similar ; similitude; representation. 
RE-SEM'BLE, y. L [¥r. ressembler it. rassembrare.] 1. 
To have the likeness of ; to bear the similitude of some- 
thing, either in form, figure or qualities. 2. To liken ; to 
compare ; to represent as like something else. 
RE-SEM'BLED, pp. Likened ; compared. 

RE-SEM'BLING, ppr. Having the likeness of; likening; 
comparing. 

RE-SEND', V. t. ; pret. and pp. resent, [re and send.] To 
send again ; to send back. iShak. 

RE-SExNT', V. t. [Fr. ressentir.] 1. To take well ; to re- 
ceive with satisfaction ; [ 065 .] 2. To take ill ; to consid- 

er as an injury or aftront ; to be in some degree angry or 
provoked at. 

RE-SENT' ED, pp. Taken ill ; being angry at. 
RE-SENT'ER, 71. 1. One who resents; one that feels an 
injury deeply. 2. In the sense of one that takes a thing 
well ; 

RE-SENT'FUL, a. Easily provoked to anger ; of an irrita- 
ble temper. 

RE-SENT'ING, ppr. Taking ill ; feeling angry at. 
RE-SENT'ING-LY, ado. 1. With a sense of wrong or af- 
front ; with a degree of anger. 2. W^ith deep sense or 
strong perception ; [06.5.] 

RE-SENT'IVE, a. Easily provoked or irritated ; quick to 
feel an injury or affront. Thomson. 

RE-SENT'MENl’, n. [Fr. ressentiment ; It. risentirncnto.] 

1. The excitement of passion which proceeds from a sense 
of wrong offered to ourselves, or to those who are con- 
nected with us; anger. 2. Strong perception of good; 
[o&.s.] More. 

RES-ER-Va'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. reserve.] 1. The act of 
reserving or keejiing back or in the mind ; reserve ; con- 
cealment or withholding from disclosure. 2. Something 
withheld, either not expressed or disclosed, or not given 
up or brought forward. 3. Custody ; state of being treas- 
ured up or kept in store. — 4. In a clause or part of 

an instrument by which something is reserved, not con- 
ceded or granted ; also, a proviso. — Mental reservation is 
the withholding of expression or disclosure of something 
that affects a proposition or statement, and which, if dis- 
closed, would materially vary its import. 
RE-?SERV'A-TlVE, a. Keeping; reserving. 
RE-SERV'A-TO-RY, n. [from reserve.] A place in which 
things are reserved or kept. Woodward. 

RE-SERVE', (re-zerv') v. t. [Fr. reservcr ; L. rcsrrro.] 1. 
To keep in store for future or other use ; to withhold from 
present use for another purpose. 2. To keep ; to hold ; 
to retain. 3. To lay up and keep for a future time. 
2 Pet. ii. 

RE-SER'/E', 77. 1. That which is kept for other or future 
use ; tiiat wliich is retained from present use or disposal. 

2. Something in the mind withheld from disclosure. 3. 
Exception ; something withheld. 4. Exception in favor. 
5. Restraint of freedom in words or actions; backward- 
ness ; caution in personal behavdor. — 6. In laie, reserva- 
tion.— /a reserve^ in store ; in keeping for other or future 
use. — Body of reserve^ in mifitary ajfairs^ the third or last 
line of an arm}'^ drawn up for battle, reserved to sustain 
the other lines as occasion may require ; a body of troops 
kept for an exigency. 

RE-JRERV‘ED, (re-zeWdO FP. 1- Kept for another or future 
use ; retained. 2. a. Restrained from freedom in words 
or actions ; backward in conversation ; not free or frank. 
RE-SERV'ED-LY, ado. 1. With reserve ; with backward- 


ness ; not with openness or frankness. 2. Scrupulously; 
cautiously ; coldly. Pope. 

RE-SERV'ED-NESS, 71. Closeness; want of frankness, 
openness or freedom. South. 

RE-SERV'ER, n. One that reserves. 

RE-SERV'ING, »;>r. Keeping back; keeping for other use 
or for use at a future time ; retaining. 

RES-ER-VOIR', (rez-er-vwor') n. [Fr.] A place where any 
thing is kept in store, particularly, a place where water is 
collected and kept for use when wanted, as to supply a 
fountain, a canal or a city by means of aqueducts, or to 
drive a mill-wiieel and the like ; a cistern ; a mill-pond ; 
a basin. 

RE'SET, 7 t. In Scots law, the receiving and harboring of 
an outlaw or a criminal. Encyc. 

RE-SET'TLE, V. t. [re and settle.] I. To settle again. 
Swift. 2. To install, as a minister of the gospel. 

RE-SET'TLE, v. i. To settle in the ministry a second 
time ; to be installed. 

RE-SET'TLED, pp. Settled again ; installed. 

RE-SET'TL E-MEN T, n. 1. The act of settling or compos- 
ing again. 2. The state of settling or subsiding again. 

3. A second settlement in the ministry. 

RE-SE^F'TLING, ppr. Settling again ; installing. 

RE-SHIP', V. t. [re and ship.] To ship again ; to ship what 
has been conveyed by water or imported. 

RE-SHIP'MENT, 77 . 1. The act of shipping or loading on 
board of a ship a second time. 2. That which is reship- 
ped. 

RE-SHIFPED, (re-shipt') pp. Shipped again. 

RE-SHIP'PING, ppr. Shipping again. 

fRE'SI-ANCE, 77 . Residence; abode. Bacon. 

tllE'SI-ANT, a. [Norm, resiant.] Resident; dwelling; 
present in a place. Knollcs. 

RE-SIDE', V. i. [Fr. resider ; L. residco, resido.] 1. To 
dwell permanently or for a length of time ; to have a set- 
tled abode for a time. 2. To sink to the bottom of 
liquors ; to settle ; [ 06 s.] 

RES'l-DENCE, 77 . [Fr.] 1. The act of abiding or dwelling 

in a place for some continuance of time. 2. The place 
of abode ; a dwelling ; a habitation. 3. That which falls 
to the bottom of liquors ; [ 065 .] — 4. In the canon and com- 
mon law, the abode of a parson or incumbent on his bene- 
fice ; opposed to non-residence. 

RES'I-DENT, a. [L. residens ; Fr. resident.] Dwelling or 
having an abode in a place for a continuance of time, but 
not definite. 

RES'I-DENT, 77. 1. One who resides or dwells in a place 
for some time. 2. A public minister who resides at a for- 
eign court. 

RES-I-DEN'TIA-RY, a. Having residence. More. 

RES-I-DEN'TIA-RY, 77. An ecclesiastic who keeps a cer- 
tain residence. Eccles. Canons. 

RE-STD'ER, 77. One who resides in a particular place. 

RE-SID'ING, ppr. Dwelling in a place for some continu- 
ance of time. , 

RE-SID'U-AL, a. Remaining after a part is taken. Vary. 

RE-SID'U-A-RY, a. [L. rcsiduus.] Pertaining to the residue 
or part remaining. — Residuary legatee, in law, the legatee 
to whom is bequeathed the pa>t of goods and estate which 
remains after deducting all the debts and specific lega- 
cics# 

RES'I-DUE, 77. [Fr. residu ,• L. rcsiduus.] 1. That which 
remains after a part is taken, separated, removed or des- 
iernated. 2. The balance or remainder of a debt or ac- 


count. . , , , • 1 • 1 

RE-v«ID'U-UM, 77. [L.] 1 . Residue; that which is left 

after any process of separation or purification. 2. In Ztitc, 
the part of an estate or of goods and chattels lemaining 
after the payment of debts and legacies. 

I RE-SIeGE', 77 . t. [re and 57c^c.] To seat again ; to rein- 
state. Spenser. . . , 

RE-SIGN', (re-zlne'). v. t. [Fr. resign er ; L. resigno.] 1. 
To "ive up ; to give back, as an office or commission, to 
theVrson or authority that conferred it ; hence, to sur- 
render an office or charge in a formal nianner. 2. 1 o 
withdraw, as a claim. 3. To yield. 4. 3 o yield or give 
up in confidence. 5. To submit, particularly to Provi- 
dence. 6. To submit without resistance or niurniur. 

Shah. 

Re'STGN, V. t. To sign again. 

t RE-SIGN', 77. Resignation. . . 

RES-IG-Na'TION, 77. [Fr.] 1 . The act of resigning or 

civin^r up, as a claim or possession. 2. Submission ; un- 
resisting acquiescence. 3 . auiet submission to the wi 
of Providence ; submission without discontent, and with 
entire acquiescence in the divine dispensations. ^ 

RE-S?IGN'ED, (re-zind') pp. 1 . Given up ; surrendere , 

yielded. 2. a. Submissive to the vvill of God. 

RE-SIGN'ED-LY, adv. With submission. 

RE-SIGN'ER, 77. One that resigns. 

RE-SIGN'ING, ppr. Giving up ; surrendering ; submitting. 
tllE-^IGN'MENT, v. The act of resigning. 

RES'I-LAII, 77. All ancient patriarchal com. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K; Gas J ; S as 


Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


69G 


llES 


RES 

jRE-SILE', v.i. [L. rCi?t7io.] To start back, to fly from a 
purpose. Ellvi. 

* IlE-SIL'I-ENCE, ^ n. [L. resiliens.] The act of leaping 

* E,E-SIL'1-EN-CY, | or springing back, or the act of re- 
bounding. 

* RE-SIL'I-ENT, a. [L. resiliens.] Leaping or starting 
back ; rebounding. 

RES-I-Li"TION, n. [L. I'esilio.] The act of springing 
back ; resilience. 

RES'IN, n. [Er. resine ; L., It., Sp. rcsina ; Ir. roishi.] An 
inflammable substance, hard when cool, but viscid when 
heated, exsuding in a fluid state from certain kinds of 
trees, as pine, either spontaneously or by incision. 

REiji-I-XlF'Ell-OUS, a. [L. resina and fero.] Yielding resin. 

lil!lfe'IN-I-F01lM, a. Having the form of resin. Cyc. 

REi?'[-I\i)-E-LE€'TRIC, a. Containing or exhibiting nega- 
tive electricity, or that kind whicli is produced by the 
friction of resinous substances. Ure. 

KES'1-N0-EX-TRA€T'1VE, a. Designating extractive 
matter in which resin predominates. 

RES'IN-OUS, a. Partaking of the qualities of resin ; like 
resin. 

R]'lsS'lN-OUS-LY, ado. By means of resin. Qregcry. 

RES'fN-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of being resinous. 

IIES-I-PIS'CENCE, n. [Fr. ; L. resipisco.l Properly^ wis- 
dom derived from severe experience j hence, repentance. 
[Little used.^ 

RE-SIST', t. [h. resisto ; Fr. resister ^ Bp. resistir.] 1. 
Literally^ to stand against j to withstand 3 hence, to act 
in opposition, or to oppose. 2. To strive against; to en- 
deavor to counteract, defeat or frustrate. 3. To baffle ; to 
disappoint. 

RE SIST', r. i. To make opposition. Shak. 

R1]-SIST'ANCE, n. The act of resisting ; opposition. 2. 
The quality of not yielding to force or external impres- 
sion. 

RE-SIST'ANT, n. He or that whicli resists. Pearson. 

RE-SIST'ED, pp. Opposed; counteracted; withstood. 

RE-SIST'ER, n. One that opposes or withstands. 

RE-.^IST-I-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The quality of resisting. 2. 
duality of being resistible. 

RE-giST'I-BLE, a. That may be resisted. Hale. 

RE-SIST'ING, ppr. Withstanding; opposing. 

RE-SIST'IVE, a. Having the power to resist. B. Jonson. 

RE-SIST'LESS, a. 1. That cannot be effectually opposed; 
irresistible. 2. That cannot resist ; helpless. 

RE-SIST'LESS-LY, ado. So as not to be opposed or denied. 
Blackioall. 

RE-SoLD', pp. of resell. Sold a second time, or sold after 
being bouglit. 

* RES 0-LU-BLE, a. [rc, and Li. solubilis.] Tliat may be 
melted or dissolved. Boyle. 

RES'O-LUTE, a. [Fr. rcscZu; li. resoluto.'] Having a fixed 
jmrpose ; determined ; lienee, bold ; firm ; steady ; con- 
stant in pursuing a purpose. 

RES'O-LUTE-LY, ado. 1. With fixed purpose; firmly; 
steadily; with steady perseverance. 2. Boldly; firmly. 

RE.S'0-LUTE-NESS, n. Fixed purpose ; firm determina- 
tion ; unshaken firmness. 

RES-O-Lu'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. resolutio.'] ]. The act, oper- 
ation or process of separating the parts which compose a 
complex idea or a mixed body ; the act of reducing any 
compound or combination to its component parts ; analy- 
sis. 2. The act or process of unraveling or disentangling 
jKjrplexities, or of dissipating obscurity in moral subjects. 
3. Dissolution ; the natural jirocess of separating the com- 
jionent parts of bodies. — 4. In mnsic^ the resolution of a 
dissonance is the carrying of it, according to rule, into a 
consonance in the subsequent chord. — 5. In medieme, the 
disappearing of any tumor without coming to suppura- 
tion ; the dispersing of inflammation. 6 . Fixed purpose 
or determination of mind. 7. The effect of fixed purpose ; 
firmness, steadiness or constancy in execution, implying 
courage. 8 . Determination of a cause in a court of jus- 
tice. 9. The determination or decision of a legislative 
body, or a formal propasition offered for legislative deter- 
mination. 10. The formal determination of any corporate 
body, or of any association of individuals. — 11. In alge- 
Lra, the resolution of an equation is the same as reduction. 
12. Relaxation; a weakening ; foJs.] 

•f RES-O-Lu'TION-ER, 71. One who joins in the declara- 
tion of others. Burnet. 

RES'O-LU-TIVE, a. Having the power to dissolve or relax. 
[vWt much Msed.] Johnson. 

RE-SOLV'A-BLE, a. That may be resolved or reduced to 
first principles. 

RE-SOLVE', (re-zolv') v. t. [L. resolvo ; Fr. resoudre ; 
It. risolvere ; Sp. resolver.] 1. To separate the compo- 
nent parts of a compound substance ; to reduce to first 
principles. 2. To separate the parts of a complex idea; 
to reduce to simple parts ; to analyze. 3. To sepa- 
rate the parts of a complicated question ; to unravel ; to 
disentangle of perplexities ; to remove obscurity by analy- 
sis ; to clear of difficulties ; to explain. 4. To inform ; to 


free from doubt or perplexity. 5. To settle in an opinion ; 
to make certain. G. To ctmfirm ; to fix in constancy. 7. 
To melt ; to dissolve. 8. To form or constitute by resolu- 
tion, vote or determination. — 9. In music, to resolve a dis- 
cord or dissonance, is to carry it, according to rule, into a 
consonance in the subsequent chord. — 10. In medicine, to 
disperse or scatter ; to discuss, as inflammation or a tu- 
mor. 11. To relax ; to lay at ease. Spenser. — 12. In alge- 
hra, to resolve an equation is to bring all the known quan- 
tities to one side of the equation, and the unknown quan- 
tity to the other. 

RE-SOLVE', (re-zolv') v. i. 1. To fix in opinion or pur- 
pose ; to determine in mind. 2. To determine by vote. 
3. To melt; to dissolve ; to become fluid. 4. To separate 
into its component parts or into distinct principles. 5. 
To be settled in opinion. 

RE-SOLVE', (re-zolv') n. 1. Fixed purpose of mind; set- 
tled determination ; resolution. 2. Legal or official deter- 
mination ; legislative act concerning a private person or 
corporation, or concerning some private business. 3. The 
determination of any corporation or association; resolu- 
tion. 

RE-SOLV'ED, (re-zolvd') pp. 1. Separated into its comixi- 
nent parts ; analyzed. 2. Determined in purpose. 3. 
Determined officially or by vote. 

RE-SOLV'ED-LY, adv. With firmness of purpose. 

RE-SOLV'ED-NESS, n. Fixedness of purpose; firmness; 
resolution. Decay of Piety. 

RE-SOLV'ENT, n. That which has the power of causing 
solution. 

RE-SOLV'ER, n. One that resolves or forms a firm pur- 
pose. 

RE-feOLV'ING, p 7 ?r. Separating into component parts; an- 
alyzing ; discussing, as tumors ; determining. 

RE-SOLV'ING, n. The act of determining or forming a 
fixed purpose ; a resolution. Clarendon. 

RES'O-NANCE, n. [L. resonans.] 1. A resounding; a 
sound returned from the sides of a hollow instrument of 
music ; reverberated sound or sounds. 2. A sound re- 
turned. 

RES'O-NANT, a. [L. resonans.] Resounding; returning 
sound; echoing back. Milton. 

RE-SORB', V. t. [L. resorbeo.] To swallow up. 

RE-SORB'EXT, a Swallowing up. Woodhull. 

RE-SORT , V. i. [Fr. J. To have recoui'se ; to 

apply ; to betake. 2. To go ; to repair. 3. To fall back ; 

[( 7 ^ 5 . ] 

RE-SORT', 7z. 1. The act of going to or making applica- 
tion ; a betaking one’s self. 2. Act of visiting. 3. As- 
sembly ; meeting. 4. Concourse; frequent assembling. 
Swift. 5. The place frequented. 6. Spring ; active pow- 
er or movement ; a Oallicism ; [o&s.] — Last resort, ulti- 
mate means of relief ; also, final tribunal. 

RE-SORT'ER, n. One that resorts or frequents. 

RE-SORT'ING, pp*. Going; having recourse ; betaking ; 
frequenting. 

RE-SOUND', V. t. [L. resono ; Fr. resonner ; It. ri^uo7iare ; 
Sp. resonar.] 1. To send back sound ; to echo. 2. To 
sound ; to praise or celebrate with the voice or the sound 
of instruments. 3. To praise; to extol with sounds; to 
spread the fame of. 

RE-SOUND', V. i. 1. To be echoed ; to be sent back, as 
sound. 2. To be much and loudly mentioned. 

Re'SOUND, V. t. [re and sound.] fl’c sound again. 

RE-SOUN D', ?{. Return of sound ; echo. Beaumont. 

RE-SOUND'ED, pp. Echoed; returned, as sound. 

RE-SOUXD'ING, 27pr. Echoing ; returning, as sound. 

RE-SoURCE', 77. [Fr. ressource.] 1. Any source of aid or 
support ; an expedient to which a person may resort for 
assistance, safety or supply ; means yet untried ; resort. — 

2. Resources, in the plural, pecuniary means ; funds ; 
money or any property that can be converted into sup- 
plies. 

RE-SoURCE'LESS, a. Destitute of resources. Burke. 

RE-SoW', V. t.; pret. resowed ; pp. resowed, or resown, [re 

Bacon. 

pp. Sown anew. 

?,spoke ,* pp. respoken, respoke, [re 
and speak.] 1. To answer ; to speak in return ; to reply ; 
[ 1 . 77.] 2. To speak again ; to repeat. 

RE-SPECT', V. t. [L. respccto, or respcctus : Fr. respecter.] 
1. To regard ; to have regard to in design or purpose. 2. 
To have regard to, in relation or connection ; to relate to. 

3. To view or consider with some degree of reverence ; to 
esteem as possessed of real worth. 4. To look towards ; 
[</Z> 5 .] — To respect the person, to suffer the opinion or judg- 
ment to be influenced or biased by a regard to the out- 
ward circumstances of a person, to the prejudice of right 
and equity. 

RE-SPEGT', 77. [L. respcctus ,* Fr. respect.] 1. Regard ; 
attention. Shak. 2. That estimation or honor in which 
men hold the distinguished w*orth or substantial good 
qualities of others. It expresses less than reverence and 


and stfw.J To sow again. 
RE-SoW'ED, (re-sode ) \ 
RE-SoWN', (re-sone') \ 
RE-SPkAK' V. t.; pret. n 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WIIAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


RES 


697 


RES 


veneration., which regard elders and superiors 5 whereas 
resvect may regard juniors and inferiors. Respect regards 
the qualities of the mind, or the actions which character- 
ize those qualities. 3. That deportment or course of ac- 
tion which proceeds from esteem ; regard ; due attention. 
4. Good will favor. 5. Partial regard ; undue bias to 
the prejudice of justice. 6. Respected character. 7. Con- 
sideration ; motive in reference to something. 8. Rela- 
tion ; regard ; reference. 

RE-SPEC-TA-BILT-TY, n. State or quality of being re- 
spectable 5 the state or qualities which deserve or com- 
mand respect. Cumberland. 

KE-SPECT'A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; It. rispettabile ; Sp. respeta- 
ble.] 1. Possessing the worth or qualities which deserve 
or command respect ; worthy of esteem and honor. — 2. In 
popular language, this word is much used to express what 
is moderate in degree of excellence or in number, but not 
despicable. 

PvE-SPECT'A-BLE-NESS, n. Respectability. 

RE-SPE0T'A-BLY, adv. 1. With respect 5 more generally, 
in a manner to* merit respect. 2. Moderately, but in a 
manner not to be despised. 

RE-SPEGT'ED, pp. Held in honorable estimation. 

RE-SPECT'ER, n. One that respects. 

RE-SPEGT FUL, a. Marked or characterized by respect. 

RE-SPEGT'FUL-LY, adv. With respect in a manner com- 
porting with due estimation. Dryden. 

RE-SPECTTUL-NESS, n. The quality of being respect- 
ful. 

RE-SPECTTNG, Regarding ; having regard to ; relat- 
ing to. 

RE-rfPECTTVE, a. [Fr. respectif; It. rispettivo.] 1. Rel- 
ative ; having relation to something else 5 not absolute. 
2. Particular; relating to a particular person or thing. 3. 
Worthy of respect ; [06s.] 4. Careful ; circumspect ; cau- 
tious ; attentive to consequences ; [o&s.] 

RE-SPECTTVE-LY, ado. 1. As relating to each ; particu- 
larly ; as each belongs to each. 2. Relatively ; not abso- 
lutely. 3. Partially ; with respect to private views ; [o&s.] 
4. With respect; [oZ»s.] 

RE-SPE€T^LESS, a. Having no respect ; without regard ; 
without reference. [Little used.] Drayton. 

RE-SPECT'LESS-NESS, n. The state of having no respect 
or regard ; regardlessness. [Little used.] Shelton. 

RE-SPERSE', V. t. [L. respersus.] To sprinkle. [L. «.] 

RE-SPER'SION, n. [L. respersio.] The act of sprinkling. 
Johnson. 

* RES'PI-R A-BLE, or RE-SPPRA-BLE, a. That may be 
breathed ; fit for respiration or for the support of animal 
life. 

RES-PI-Ra'TION, ?!. [Fr. ; 1j. respiratio.] 1. The act of 
breathing ; the act of inhaling air into the lungs, and again 
exhaling or expelling it, by which animal life is supported. 
2. Relief from toil. 

* RES'PI-RA-TO-RY, a. Serving for respiration. 

RE-SPIRE', V. i. [Fr. respircr ; L. resph-o.] 1. To breathe; 

to inhale air into the lungs and exhale it. 2. To catch 
breath. 3. To rest ; to take rest from toil. 

RE-SPIRE', V. t. To exhale ; to breathe out ; to send out in 
exhalations. B. Jonson. 

RE-SPTR'ED, (re-sp!rd') pp. Breathed ; inhaled and ex- 
haled. 

RE-SPiR'ING, ppr. Breathing ; taking breath. 

RES'PIT, n. [Fr. repit.] 1. Pause ; temporary intermis- 
sion of labor, or of any process or operation ; interval of 
rest. — 2. In laic, reprieve ; temporary suspension of the 
execution of a capital offender. 3. Delay ; forbearance ; 
prolongation of time for the payment of a debt beyond the 
legal time. 4. The delay of appearance at court granted 
to a jury, beyond the proper term. ^ 

REFJ'PIT, V. t. 1. To relieve by a pause or interval of rest. 
2. To suspend the execution of a criminal beyond the time 
limited by the sentence ; to delay for a time. 3. To givm 
delay of appearance at court. 

RES'PIT-El), pp. Relieved from labor; allowed a tempo- 
rary suspension of execution. 

RES'1TT-[NG, p 2 >r. Relieving from labor ; suspending the 
execution of a capital offender. 

RE-SPT.EN'DENCE, ) n. [L. resplendens.] Brilliant 1ns- 

ilE-SPLEN'DEX-CY, | tre ; vivid brightness ; splendor. 
Milton. 

RE-SPLEX'DENT, a. Very bright ; shining with brilliant 
bistre. Spenser. 

RE-SPLEN'DENT-LY, adv. With brilliant lustre. 

RE-;SPLn’', V. t. [re and split.] To split again. 

RE-SPOND', i. [Fc.repo?idre ; Jt. nspondere ; Sp. respon- 
der ; Ij. respondeo.] 1. To answer; to reply. 2. To cor- 
respond ; to suit. 3. To be answerable ; to be liable to 
make payment. 

RE-SPOND', V. t. To answer ; to satisfy by payment. Sedg- 
wick, Jl/a.s-,9. Rep. 

RE-SPOND', «. 1. A short anthem interrupting the middle 
of a chapter, which is not to proceed till the anthem is 
ended. 2. An answer ; [o&s.] 


RE-SPOND'ED, pp. Answered ; satisfied by payment. 

RE-SPOND'ENT, a. Answering; that answers to demand 
or expectation. 

RE-SPOND'ENT, n. 1. One that answers in a suit, partic- 
ularly a chancery suit. — ‘2. In the schools, one who main- 
tains a thesis in reply, and whose province is to refute ob- 
jections or overthrow arguments. 

RE-SPOND'ING, ppr. Answering ; corresponding. 

t RE-SPONS'AL, a. Answerable ; responsible, llcylin. 

RE-SPONS'AL, ?i. 1. Response; answer. Brevint. 2. One 
who is responsible ; [e6s.] Barrow. 

RE-SPONSE', (re-spons') n. [L. resportsum.] 1. An an- 
swer or reply ; particularly, an oracular answer. 2. The 
answer of liie people or congregation to the priest, in the 
litany and other parts of divine service. 3. Reply to an 
objection in a formal disputation. — 4. In the Romish 
church, a kind of anthem sung after the morning lesson. 
— 5. In a fugue, a repetition of the given subject by an- 
other part. 

RE-SPON-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. 1. The state of being accounta- 
ble or answerable, as for a trust or office, or for a debt. 
Paley. 2. Ability to answer in payment; means of pay- 
ing contracts. 

RE-tSPONS'I-BLE, a. [L. 1. Inable to account; 

accountable; answerable. 2. Able to discharge an obli- 
gation; or having estate adequate to the payment of a 
debt. 

RE-SPONS'I-BLE-NESS, n. 1. State of being liable to an- 
swer, repay or account; responsibility. 2. Ability to 
make payment of an obligation or demand. • 

I RE-SPON'SION, n. [L. responsio.] 'I'he act of answer- 
ing. 

RE-SPONS'IVE, a. 1. Answering ; making reply. 2. Cor- 
respondent ; suited to something else. Pope. 

RE-SPONS'O-RY, a. Containing answer. 

RE-SPONS'O-RY, n. A response ; the answer of the peo- 
ple to the priest in tlie alternate speaking, in church ser- 
vice. 

REST, n. [S^ix. re.'^t, rcest ; Dan., G., Sw. rast ; D. 

1. Cessation of motion or action of any kind, and applica- 
ble to any body or being. 2. Uuiet ; repose ; a state free 
from motion or disturbance ; a state of reconciliation to 
God. 3. Sleep. 4. Peace ; national quiet. 5. The final 
sleep ; death. 6. A place of quiet ; permanent habitation. 
7. Any place of repose. 8. That on which any thing 
leans or lies for support. 1 Kings vi. — 9. In poetry, a short 
pause of the voice in reading ; a cesura. — 10. In philoso- 
phy, the continuance of a body in the* same place. 11. Fi- 
nal hope ; [oZ>5.] 12. Cessation from tillage. Lev. xxv. 

13. The gospel church or new covenant state in which 
the people of God enjoy repose, and (-hrist shall be glori- 
fied. Is. xi. — 14. In music, a pause ; an interval during 
which the voice is intermitted ; also, the mark of such in- 
termission. 

REST, n. [Fr. rcstc.] 1. That which is left, or whicli re- 
mains after the separation of a part, either in fact or in 
contemplation; remainder. 2. Others; those not includ- 
ed in a proposition or description. 

REST, V. i. [Sax. restan, hrestan ; D. rustcn ; G. rastcn.] 
1. To cease from action or motion of any kind ; to stop ; 
a word applicable to any body or being, and to any kind of 
motion. 2. To cease from labor, work or performance. 3. 
To be quiet or still ; to be undisturbed. 4. To cease from 
war ; to be at peace. 5. To be quiet or tranquil, as the 
mind ; not to be agitated by fear, anxiety or other pas- 
sion. 6. To lie ; to repose ; as, to rest on a bed. 7. To 
sleep ; to slumber. 8. To sleej) the final sleep ; to die or 
be dead. 9. I'o lean ; to recline for support. 10. To 
stand on ; to be supported by. 11. To be satisfied ; to ac- 
quiesce, 12. To lean ; to trust; to rely. 13. To continue 
fixed. Is. li. 14. To terminate ; to come to an end. 
Kzek. xvi. 15. To hang, lie or be fixed. 16. To abide ; 
to remain with. 17. To be calm or composed in mind ; to 
enjoy peace of conscience. 

t REST, V. i. [Fr. rester.] To be left ; to remain. Milton. 

REST, t. 1. To lay at rest; to quiet. Dryden. 2. To 
place, as on a support. Waller. 

RE-ST AG'NANT, a. [L. restngnans.] Stagnant ; remain- 
ing without a flow or current. [L. ii.] Boyle. 

RE-ST AG'NATE, v. i. [L. restagno.] To stand or remain 
without flowing. Wisema.n. 

RE-ST AG-Na'T10N, n. Stagnation, which see. 

REST' ANT, a. [L. restans, rcsto.] In botany, remain- 
ing. 

RES-TAU-Ra'TION, V. [L. restauro.] Restoration to a 
former good state. 

REST'ED, pp. Laid on for support. 

RE-STEM', V. t. [re and stem.] To force back against the 
current. Shah. 

REST'FUL, a. [from Quiet ; being at rest. Shah. 

REST'FiiL-LY, adv. In a state of rest or quiet. 

REST'-liAR-RoVV, n. A plant of the genus ononis. 

RES'TIFF, \ a. [Fr. retif; It. restivo, restio ; from L. reMo.] 

RESTHF, \ 1. Unwilling to go, or only running back; 


^ See Snnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


RES 


698 RES 


obstinate in refusing to move forward ; stubborn. 2. Un- 
yielding. 3. Being at rest, or less in action ; [o&6'.] 

REST'IFF, n. A stubborn horse. 

REST'IFF-NESS,?i. 1. Obstinate reluctance or indisposition 
to move. 2. Obstinate unwillingness. 

RE-STIN€'TION, n. [L. resUnctio.] The act of quenching 
or extinguishing. 

RESTTNCt, ppr. Ceasing to move or act; ceasing to be 
moved or agitated ; lying ; leaning ; standing ; depending 
or relying. 

REST'ING-PLACE, rt. A place for rest. 

RE-STIN'GUISH, v. t, [L. restinguo.] To quench or extin- 
guish. Field. 

t RES'Tl-TUTE, v. t. [L. restituo.] To restore to a former 
state. Drier. 

RES-TI-T‘0'TION, n. [L. restitutio.] 1. The act of re- 
turning or restoring to a person some thing or right of 
which he has been unjustly deprived. 2. The act of 
making good, or of giving an equivalent for any loss, 
damage or injury ; indemnification. 3. The act of recov- 
ering a former state or posture. Grew. — Restitution of all 
things, the putting the world in a holy and happy state. 
v5ci.>> iii. 

RES'Tl-TU-TOR, n. One who makes restitution. [L.,u.] 

RESTTVE, RESTTVE-NESS. See Restiff. 

REST'LESi^, a. [from rest ,* Sax. restleas.] 1. Unquiet ; 
uneasy ; continually moving. 2. Being without sleep ; 
uneasy. 3. Passed in unquietness. 4. Uneasy ; unquiet ; 
not satisfied to be at rest or in peace. 5. Uneasy ; turbu- 
lent. G. Unsettled ; disposed to wander or to change 
place or condition. 

REST<LESS-LY, adv. Without rest ; unquietly. South. 

REST'LESS-NESS, n. 1. Uneasiness ; unquietness ; a 
state of disturbance or agitation, either of body or mind. 
2. Want of sleep or rest ; uneasiness. 3. Motion; agita- 
tion. 

RE-SToR'A-BLE, a. [from restore.] That may be restored 
to a former good condition. Swift. 

RE-SToR'AL, n. Restitution. Barrow. 

RES-TO-RA TION, n. [Fr. restaur ation.] 1. The act of 
replacing in a former state. 2. Renewal ; revival ; re- 
establishment. 3. Recovery ; renewal of health and 
soundness. 4. Recovery from a lapse or any bad state. — 
5. In theology, universal restoration, the final recovery of 
all men from sin and alienation from God, to a state of 
happiness ; universal salvation. — 6. In England, the re- 
turn of king Charles II. in 16G0, and the re-establishment 
of monarchy. 

RE-SToR'A-7TVE, a. That has power to renew strength 
and vigor. Enerje. 

RE-SToR'A-TIVE, n. A medicine efficacious in restoring 
strengtii and vigor, or in recruiting the vital powers. Ar- 
buthnot. 

RE-SToRE', V. t. [Fr. restaur er ; It. restaurare ; Sp.,Port. 
restaurar ; h. restaur o.] 1. To return to a person, as a 

specific thing which he has lost, or which has been taken 
from him and unjustly detained. 2. To replace ; to re- 
turn ; as a person or thing to a former place. 3. To bring 
back. 4. To bring back or recover from lapse, degenera- 
cy, declension or ruin to its former state. 5. To heal ; to 
cure ; to recover from disease. 6. To make restitution or 
satisfoction for a thing taken, by returning something 
else, or something of different value. 7. To give for sat- 
isfaction for pretended wrongs something not taken. Ps. 
Ixix. 8. To repair ; to rebuild. 9. To revive ; to resusci- 
tate; to bring back to life. 10. To return or bring back 
after absence. Heb. xiii. 11. To bring to a sense of sin 
and amendment of life. Gal. vi. 12. To renew or re- 
establish after interruption. 13. To recover or renew, as 
passages of an author obscured or corrupted. 

RE'-STORE, t. [re and To store again. 

RE-SToR'ED, (re-stord') ])/). Returned ; brought back ; re- 
trieved ; recovered ; cured ; renewed ; re-established. 

I RE-SToRE'MENT, n. The act of restoring ; restora- 
tion. 

RE-SToR'ER, V. One that restores ; one that returns what 
is lost or unjustly detained ; one who repairs or re-estab- 
lishes_. 

RE-SToR'ING, ppr. Returning what is lost or taken ; bring- 
ing back ; recovering; curing; renewing; repairing; re- 
establishing. 

RE-STl* AIN', V. f. [Fr. restraindre ; It. ristrignere, restrin- 
gerc.] 1. To hold back ; to check ; to hold from action, 
proceeding or advancing, either by pliysical or moral 
force, or by any interposing obstacle. 2. 3’o repress ; to 
keep in awe. 3. /Fo suppress ; to hinder X>r repress. 4. 
3’o abridge ; to hinder from unlimited enjoyment. 5. To 
limit ; to confine. G. To withhold ; to forbear. 

RE-STRAIN'A-BLE, a. Capable of being restrained. 
P.rorm. 

RE-STKATN'ED, (re-strand') pp. Held back from advancing 
or wandering ; withlield ; repressed ; suppressed ; abridg- 
ed ; confined. 


RE-STRaIN'ED-LY, ado. With restraint ; with limita- 
tion. 

RE-STRAIN'ER, n. He or that which restrains. 

RE-STRAIN'ING, ppr. 1. Holding back from proceeding ; 
checking ; repressing ; hindering from motion or action ; 
suppressing. 2. a. Abridging ; limiting. 

RE-STRAINT', n. [from Fr. restreint.] 1. The act or oper- 
ation of holding back or hindering from motion, in any 
manner; liinderance of the will, or of any action, physi- 
cal, moral or mental. 2. Abridgment of liberty. 3. l‘ro- 
hibition. 4. Limitation; restriction. 5. That which re- 
strains, hinders pr represses. 

RE-STRICT', V. t. [L. restrictus.] To limit ; to confine ; to 
restrain within bounds. 

t RE-STRIGT', a. Confined; limited. Annot. on Glanville. 

RE-STRI€T'ED, pp. Limited; confined to bounds. 

RE-STRIGT'ING, ppr. Confining to limits. 

RE-STRIC'TION, ?i. [Fr.; L. rest?*ictMs.] 1. Limitation; 
confinement within bounds. 2. Restraint. 

RE-STRICTTVE, rt. [Fr. restrictif.] 1. Having the quality 
of limiting or of expressing limitation. ’ 2. Imposing re- 
straint. 3. Styptic ; [065.] 

RE-STRICT'IVE-LY, rtde. With limitation. 

RE-STRINGE', (re-strinj') -y. t. [L. resfrmffo.] To confine; 
to contract ; to astringe. 

RE-STRIN'GEN-CY, 71. The quality or power of contract- 
ing. 

RE-STRIN Gent, a. Astringent; styptic. 

RE-STRIN'GENT, n. A medicine that operates as an as- 
tringent or styptic. Harvey. 

RE-STRiVE', V. i. [re and strive.] To strive anew. 

REST' Y, rt. The same as restive or restif, of which it is a 
contraction. 

RE-SUB-JEC'TION, n. [re and subjectiori.] A second sub- 
jection. Bp. Hall. 

RE-SUB-LI-MA'TION, n. A second sublimation. 

RE-SUB-LlME', v. t. [re and sublime.] I'o sublime again. 

RE-SUB-LIM'ED, (re-sub-limd') pp. Sublimed a second 
time. 

RE-SUB-LlM'ING, ppr. Subliming again. 

RE-SU-DA'TION, n. [L. resudatus.] The act of sweating 
agai n . 

RE-SULT', r. t. [Fr. resulter ; L. resulto, resilio.] 1. To 
leap back ; to rebound. 2. To proceed, spring or rise, as 
a consequence, from facts, arguments, premises, combina- 
tion of circumstances, consultation or meditation. 3. To 
come to a conclusion or determination. 

RE-SULT', 71. 1. Resilience; act of flying back. 2. Con- 
sequence ; conclusion ; inference ; effect. 3. Consequence 
or effect. 4. The decision or determination of a council 
or deliberative assembly. ATew England. 

RE-SULT'ANCE, n. The act of resulting. 

RE-SULT'ANT, n. In mechanics, a force which is the com- 
bined effect of two or more forces, acting in different di- 
rections. 

RE-SULT'ING, ppr. 1. Proceeding as a consequence, ef- 
fect or conclusion of something; coming to a determina- 
tion. — 2. In law, resulting use is a use which returns to 
him who raised it, after its expiration or during the inqTes- 
sibility of vesting in the person intended. 

RE-SuM'A-BLE, a. [from ?’e.?w7ne.] That may be taken 
back, or that may be taken up again. 

RE-SuME', V. t. [X. resu 7/70.1 1. To take back what has 

been given. 2. To take back what has been taken away. 
3. To take again after absence. 4. To take up again af- 
ter ijiterruption ; to begin again. 

RE-SGM'ED, (re-zumd') pp. Taken back ; taken again ; 
begun again after interruption. 

RE-SuM'ING, ppr. Taking back ; taking again ; beginning 
again after interruption. 

RE-SUM'MON, V. t. 1. To summon or call again. 2. To 
recall ; to recover. Bacon. 

RE-BUM'MONED, pp. Summoned again ; recovered. 

RE-SUM'MON-ING, ppr. Recalling ; recovering. 

RE-SUMP'TION, 77. [Fr. ; L. resumptus.] The act of re- 
suming, taking back or taking again. 

RE-SUMP'TiVE, rt. Taking back or again. 

RE-SU'PI-NATE, rt. [L. res«pi77af77s.] In 6oirt/77/, reversed ; 
turned upside down. 

RE-SU-PI-NA'TION, n. The state of lying on the back; 
the state of being resupinate or reversed, as a corol. 

RE-Su'PiNE, rt. Lying on the back. 

RES-UR-REG'TION^, n. [Fr. ; L. resurrcctns.] A rising 
again ; chiefly, the revival of the dead of the human race, 
or their return from the grave, particularly at the general 
judgment. 

RE-SUR-VEY', V. t. [re and s/zz-yep.] To survey again or 
anew ; to review. Shak. 

RE-SUR'VEY, 77. A second survey. 

RE-SUR-VEY'ED, (re-sur-v~ide') pp. Surveyed again. 

RE-SUR-VEY'ING, pp. Surveying anew ; reviewing. 

RE-SUS'CI-TATE, v. t. [L. resuscito.] 1. To revivi- 
fy ; to revive ; particularly, to recover from apparent 
death. 2. To reproduce, as a mixed body from its ashesi. 


IIET 


RET 


699 


RE-S13S'CI-TA-TED, pp. Revived; revivified; reproduced. 
RE-SUS'Cl-TA-TING,p_pr. Reviving; revivifying ; repro- 
ducing. 

RE-SUS-CI-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of reviving from a 
state of apparent death ; the state of being revivified. 2. 
The reproducing of a mixed body from its ashes. 
RE-SUS'CI-TA-TiVE, a. Reviving; revivifying; raising 
from apparent death ; reproducing. 

^ RE-Ta1L', ^ V. t. [Fr. retailler j It. ritagliare>] 1. To 
"^RE'TAIL, I sell in small quantities or parcels, from the 
sense of cutting or dividing. 2. To sell at second hand. 
Pope. 3. To tell in broken parts ; to tell to many. 
Re'TAIL, n..The sale of commodities in small quantities 
or parcels, or at second hand. Addison. 

RE-TaIL'ED, (re-tald') pp. Sold in small quantities. 
RE-'l'^iL'Eil, In. One who sells goods by small quanti- 
Re'TAIL-ER, \ ties or parcels. 

RE-TaIL'1NG, 7 >pr. Selling in small quantities. 

RE-TaIN', n. t. [Fr. rete?iir It. ritenere; Sp. reiener ; L. 
rctineo.] ]. To hold or keep in possession ; not to lose 
or part with or dismiss. 2. To keep, as an associate ; to 
keep from departure. 3. To keep back ; to hold. 4. To 
hold from escape. 5. To keep in pay ; to hire. 6. To 
engage ; to employ by a fee paid, 
t RE-Ta 1N', n. i. 1. To belong to; to depend on. Boyle. 
2. To keep ; to continue. 

RE-TAiiV/ED, (re-tind') pp. Held; kept in possession; 

kept as an associate ; kept in pay ; kept from escape. 
KE-Ta1N ER, n. 1. One who retains ; as an executor, who 
retains a debt due from the testator. 2. One who is kept 
in service; an attendant. 3. An adherent; a depend- 
ent ; a hanger-on. 4. A servant, not a domestic, but occa- 
sionally attending and wearing his master’s livery. — 5. 
Among laicyers, a fee paid to engage a lawyer or counsel- 
or to maintain a cause. 6. The act of keeping depend- 
ents, or being in dependence. 

RE-TaINTNG, ppr. Keeping in possession ; keeping as an 
associate ; keeping from escape ; hiring ; engaging by a 
fee. 

RE-TaKE', V. t. ; pret. retook', pp. retaken, [re and take.] 
1. To take again. Clarendon. 2. I’o take from a captor ; 
to recapture. 

RE-Ta K'ER, n. One who takes again what has been taken ; 
a recaptor. Kent. 

RE-TaK'ING, ppr. Taking again ; taking from a captor. 
RE-TaK'ING, n. A taking again ; recapture. 
RE-TALT-ATE, V. t. [Low L. retalio.'] To return like for 
like ; to repay or requite by an act of the same kind as 
has been received. 

RE-TA L'l- ATE, v. i. To return like for like. 
RE-TALT-A-TED, pp. Returned, as like for like. 
RE-TALT-A-TING,ppr. Returning like for like. 
RE-TAL-I-a'TION, «. 1. The return of like for like; the 
doing that to another which he has done to us ; requital 
of evil. — 2. In a. good sense, return of good for good. 
RE-TAL'I-A-TO-RY, a. Returning like for like. Canning. 
RE-TARI)', t;. t. [Fr. retarder ; h.retardo.] 1. To diminish 
the velocity of motion ; to hinder ; to render more slow in 
.progress. 2. To delay ; to put off ; to render more late, 
t RE-Ta RD', v. i. To stay back. Brown. 
RE-TARD-a'TION, n. The act of abating the velocity of 
motion ; hinderance ; the act of delaying. 

RE-TA RD'ED, pp. Hindered in motion ; delayed. 

RE-TAR D'ER, n. One that retards, hinders or delays. 
RE-TARDTNG, ppr. Abating the velocity of motion; hin- 
dering ; delaying. 

RE-TARD'MENT, n. The act of retarding or delaying. 
RETCH, V. i. [Sax. hracan.] To make an effort to vomit ; 

to heave ; as the stomach ; to strain, 
t RETCH'LESS, a. Careless. [See Reckless.] Dryden. 
RE-TECTION, n. [L. retectus.'] The act of disclosing or 
producing to view something concealed. 

RE-TENT', 11 . That which is retained. Kirwan. 
RE-TEN'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. retentio, retineo.] I. The 
power of retaining ; the faculty of the mind by which it 
retains ideas. — 2. In medicine, the power of retaining, or 
that state of contraction in the solid or vascular parts of 
the body, by Ayhich they hold their proper contents and 
prevent involuntary evacuations ; undue retention of some 
natural discharge. 3. The act of withholding ; restraint. 
4. Custody ; confinement ; [oi.5.] 

RE-TEN'TIVE, a. [Fr. rctentif.] Having the power to 
retain. 

t RE-I’EN'TIVE, 77. Restraint. Bp. Hall. 

RE-TEN'TIVE NESS, n. The quality of retention. 

I RE-TEX', V. t. [L. retexo.] To unweave ; to undo ; to 
annul b)^ any action. Ilacket. 

RET'I-CENCE, )n. [Fr. reticence; L. reticentia.] Con- 
RET'I-CEN-CY, ^ cealment by silence. — In rhetoric, apo- 
siopesis or suppression. 

RET'I-€LE, 71 . [L. reticulum.'] 1. A small net. 2. A 
contrivance to measure the quantity of an eclipse ; a kind 
of micrometer. 

RE-TI€'U-LAR, a. Having the form of a net or of net- 


work ; formed with interstices. — In anatomy, the reticulaf 
body, or retc mucosum, is the layer of the skin, intermedi- 
ate between the cutis and the cuticle, the principal seat of 
color in man. 

RE-TI€'U-LATE,^ , - 

distinct 


[L reticulatus.] 
bling net-work 


Netted ; resem- 
having 


RE-TI€'U-LA-TED, 
veins crossing like net-work°. 

RE-TIC-U-La'T 10N, 77. Net work; organization of sub- 
stances resembling a net. Darwin. 

RET'l-FORM, a. [L. retiformis.] Having the form of a 
net in texture ; composed of crossing lines and interstices. 

RET'I-NA, 77. [L.] in anatomy, one of the coats of the 
eye, being an expansion of the optic nerve over the bot- 
tom of the eye, where the sense of vision is first received. 

RET-I-NAS-PHALT', n. A bituminous or resinous sub- 
stance of a yellowish or reddish brown. 

RET'I-NITE, 71. [Gr. pprivp.] Pitchstone. 

RET'I-NUE, 77. [Fr. retC77Me.] The attendants of a prince 
or distinguished personage, chiefly on a journey or an 
excursion ; a train of persons. 

RET-I-RaDE', 77. [Fr.] In/(7rf?^cat707?, a kind of retrench- 
meiit in the body of a bastion or other work. 

RE-TiRE', 77. 7. [Fr. retirer.] 1. To withdraw; to retreat ; 
to go from company or from a public place into jnivacy. 
2. To retreat from action or danger. 3. To withdraw 
from a public station. 4. To break up, as a company or 
assembly. 5. To depart or withdraw for safety or for 
pleasure. 6. To recede ; to fall back. 


To withdraw 
1. Retreat ; 


; to take away, 
recession ; a 


withdrawing. 


t RE-TiRE', 77 . t. 

t RE-TIRE', n. 

Shak. 2. Retirement ; place of privacy. Milton. 

RE-TIR'ED, (re-tird') a. 1. Secluded from much society or 
from public notice ; private. 2. Secret ; private. 3. VVith- 
drawn. Locke. 

RE-TIR'ED-LY, adv. In solitude or privacy. Sherwood. 

RE-TiR'ED-NESS, n. A state of retirement ; solitude ; 
privacy or secrec}'. Atterhury. 

RE-TIRE'MENT, n. 1. The act of withdrawing from com- 
pany or from public notice or station. 2. The state of 
being withdrawn. 3. Private abode ; habitation secluded 
from much society or from public life. 4. Private way of 
life._ 

RE-TiR'ING, ppr. 1. Withdrawing; retreating; going 
into seclusion or solitude. 2. a. Reserved ; not forward or 
obtrusive. 

RE-ToLD', pret. and pp. of retell ; as a story retold. 

RE-TORT', 77. t.[L. reiort775.] 1. To throw back; to re- 
verberate. 2. To return an argument, accusation, censure 
or incivility. 3. To bend or curve back. 

RE-TORT', V. i. To return an argument or charge ; to make 
a severe reply. 

RE-TORT', 77. 1. The return of an argument, charge or 
incivility in reply. — 2. In chemistry, a spherical vessel 
with its neck bent, to which the receiver is fitted. 

RE-TORT'ED, pp. Returned; thrown back ; bent back. 

RE-TORT'ER, n. One that retorts. 

RE-TORT'ING,ppr. Returning; throwing back. 

RE-TOR'TION, n. The act of retorting. Spenser. 

RE-TOSS', 77. t. [re and toss.] To toss back. Pope. 

RE-TOSS'ED, (re-tost') pp. Tossed back. 

RE-TOSS'ING, ppr. Tossing back. 

RE-T6UCH', (re-tuch') r. t. [re and touch.] To improve 
by new touches ; as, to retouch a picture or an essay. 
Dryden. Pope. 

RE-T6UCH'ED, (re-tucht') pp. Touched again. 

RE-T6UCH'ING^ (re-tuch'ing) ppr. Improving by new 
touches. 

RE-TRaCE', 77 . t. [Fr. retracer.] 1. To trace back ; to go 
back in the same path or course. 2. To trace back, as a line. 

RE-TR a'CED, (re-tra.st') pp. Traced back. 

RE-TRa'CING, p27r. Tracing back. 

RE-TRAOT', 77 . t. [Fr. retractor ; h. retractus.] 1. To re- 
call, as a declaration, words or saying ; to disavow ; to 
recant. 2. To take back ; to rescind ; [little used.] 3. 
To draw back, as claws. 

RE-TRAGT', 77. i. To take back ; to unsay ; to withdraw 
concession or declaration. 

RE-TRAGT', v. Among /lor^cmca, the prick of a horse’s foot 
in nailing a shoe. 

RE-TRA€T'A-BLE, a. That may be retracted or recalled. 

RE-TRA€'TATE, 77 . t. [L. retractatus.] To recant ; to unsay. 

RE-TRA€-Ta'TION, 77 . [Fr. ; L. retractatio.] The recall- 
ing of what has been said ; recantation ; change of 
opinion declared. 

RE-TRA€T'ED, pp. Recalled; recanted; disavowed. 

RE-TRA€T'I-BLE, a. That may be drawn back ; retractile. 
.Journ. of Science. 

RE-TRA€T'iLE, a. Capable of being drawn back. 

RE-TRA€T'ING, ppr. Recalling; disavowing; recanting. 

RE-TRAC'TION, 77 . 1. The act of withdrawing something 
advanced, or changing something done. 2. Recantation ; 
discivoWcil of the truth of whfit has been sfl.iu ; declaration 
of chanire of opinion. 3. Act of withdrawing a claim. 

RE-TRA€T'IVE, a. Withdrawing ; taking from. 


.See Syrwjisis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; C as J ; S as CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


RET 


700 


REV 


RE-TRA€T'IVE, n. That which withdraws or takes from. 

t RE-TRaICT*, (re-triite') 71. Retreat. [SccRetkeat.] Bacon. 

RE-TRaIT', 71 . [It. ritratto.] A cast of countenance ; a 
picture. Spenser. 

RE-TRAX'IT, n. [L. retraho, reti-axi.J In laiv, the with- 
drawing or open renunciation of a suit in court, by which 
the plainiitf loses his action. 

RE-TRkAT', 11 . [Fr. retraite L. retractus.] 1. The act 
of retiring ; a withdrawing of one’s self from any place. 
2. Retirement ; state of jirivacy or seclusion from noise, 
bustle or company. 3. Tlace of retirement or privacy. 
4. Place of safety or security. — 5. In military affairs, 
the retiring of an army or body of men from the face of 
an enemy, or from any ground occupied, to a greater dis- 
tance from tlie enemy, or from an advanced position. A 
retreat is properly an orderly inarch, in which circum- 
stance it differs from a Jiight. 6. The withdrawing of a 
ship or fleet from an enemy j or the order and disposition 
of ships declining an engagement. 7. The beat of the 
drum at the firing of the evening gun, to warn soldiers to 
forbear firing and the sentinels to challenge. 

RE-TReAT', V. i. 1. To retire from any position or place. 
2. To withdraw to a private abode or to any secluded sit- 
uation. 3. To retire to a place of safety or security. 4. 
I’o move back to a place before occupied ; to retire. 5. 
To reUre from an enemy or from any advanced position. 

RE-TRkA' 1’'ED, as a passive participle, though used by 
.Milton, is not good English. 

RE-THEi\CH', V. t. [Fr. rctranchcr.] 1. To cut offj to 
pare away. 2. To lessen ; to abridge -, to curtail. 3. To 
confine; to limit; [not proper.] Addison. 

RE-TRENCH', v. i. To live at a less expense. 

RE-TRENCH'ED, (re-trencht') p/7. Cut off; curtailed. 

RE-TilENCfPING, ppr. Cutting off'; curtailing. 

RE-TRENCH'MENT, n. [Fr. retraachement ; l?p. atrinche- 
ramiento.] 1. The act of lopping off; the act of removing 
what is superfluous. 2. The act of curtailing, lessening 
or abridging ; diminution. — 3. In military affairs, any 
work raised to cover a post and fortify it against an ene- 
my. Encyc. 

* RE-TRIB'UTE, 7). t. [Fr. retribuer ; h. retribuo.] To pay 
back ; to make payment, compensation or reward in leturn. 
RE-TRIB'U-TED, pp. Raid back; given in return; re- 
warded. 

RE-TRIB'U-TER, n. One that makes retribution. 

^RE-TRIB'U-TING, ppr. Requiting; making repayment; 
rewarding. 

RET-RI-Bu'TION, 71. [Fr.] 1. Repayment; return accom- 
modated to the action ; reward ; compensation. 2. A 
gratuity or present given for services in the place of a 
salary. 3. The distribution of rewards and punishments 
at the general judgment. 

RE-'ITIIB U-TiVE, ) a. Repaying; rewarding for good 

RE-TRIB'U-TO-RY, j deeds, and punishing for offenses. 

*RE-TRIkV'A-BLE, a. That may be retrieved or recovered. 

RE-TRIeVE', 7’. f. [Fr. retrouver j It. ritrovare.] 1. To 
recover ; to restore from loss or injury to a former good 
slate. 2. To repair. 3. To regain. 4. To recall ; to 
bring back. 

t RE-TR2i‘:VE/, n. A seeking again ; a discovery. 

IIE-TRieV'ED, (re-treevd') pp. Recovered; repaired; re- 
gainedj recalled. 

RE-TRl liViNG, ppr. Recovering; repairing; recalling. 

RET-IIO-AG'TION, 71. [L. ?*ctro, and action.] 1. Action 
returned, or action backwards. 2. Operation on something 
past or preceding. 

RE'['-RO-AG'TlVE, a. [Fr. retroactif.] Operating by return- 
ed action ; affecting v/liat is past ; retrospective. 

RET-R0-A€'TIVE-LY, adv. By returned action or opera- 
tion ; by ()]ierating on something past. 

IlET-RO-CroDE^, v. t. [L. retro and cedo ; Fr. retroceder.] 
To cede or grant back ; as, to retrocede a territory to a 
former proprietor. 

RET-RO-Cf.D'ED, pp. Granted back. 

RE7’-R(.)-C]':D'I?^G, ppr. Ceding back. 

RET-RO-CES'SION, n. 1. A ceding or granting back to 
a former proprietor. 2. 'I'he act of going back. 

RET-llO-DUC'TION, 71. [F. retrodneo.] A bringing back. 

RET'RO-FLEX, fl. [1 j. retro find Jlcxus.] In botany, bent 
tliis way and that, or in different directions. 

RET'RO-FR ACT, J a. [li. retro and fi'actus.] Reduced 

RET-RO-FRACT'ED, | to hang down as it were by force 
so as to appear as if broken. 

RET-R0-GRA-Da'T10N, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of moving 

backwards ; applied to tlie apparent motion of the planets. 
2. A moving backwards ; decline in excellence. 

RETffiO-GRADE, fi. [Fr. ; Ij. rctrogi-adior.] 1. Going or 
moving backwards. — 2. In astronomy, ap\ri\.Yent)y moving 
backward and contrary to the succession of the signs, as 
a planet. 3. Declining from a better to a worse state. 

RET'R<’)-GRADE, 7'. 7. [Fr. retrograder ^ F. retrogradior.] 
To go or move backward. Bacon. 

RET-RO-G RADE, v. t. To cause to go backward. 

RET-RO-GRES'SiON, ?t. The act of going backward. 


RET-RO-GRESSTVE, a. Going or moving backward ; de- 
clining from a more perfect to a less perfect state. 
RET-RO-MIN'GEN-C Y, //. [L. retro mid mingo.] The act 
or quality of discharging the contents of the bladder back- 
wards. 

RET-RU-MIN'GENT, a. Discharging the urine backwards 
RET-RO-MIN'GENT, n. In zoology, an animal that dis- 
charges its urine backwards. 

RET-RO-PGL'SIVE, a. [E. retro and puZsjis.] Driving 
back ; repelling. Med. Repos. 

RE-TRORSE'LY, (re-trors'ly) adc. [L. retrorsum.] In a 
backward direction. Eaton. 

RET'RO-fSTECT, n. [L. retro and specio.] A looking back 
on tilings jiast ; view or contemplation of something past. 
RET-RO-J5PEC'TlOx\’, n. 1. The act of looking back on 
things past. 2. The faculty of looking back on jiast things. 
RET-RO-SPE€'rff V'E, a. 1. Looking back on past events. 

2. Having reference to what is past ; affecting things i)ast. 
RET-RO-yPE€T/IVE-LY, adv. By way of retrospect. 
RET-RO-VER'SION, n. A turning or falling backwards. 
RETTfO-VERT, r. t. To turn back. 

RET'RO-VERT-ED, a. [L. retro and verto.] Turned back. 
RE-TRDDE', v. t. [L. retrudo.] To thrust back. 

I RE-TRuSJT, a. [L. refraszis-.] Hidden ; abstruse. 
RE-TUND', V. t. [L. retnndo.] To blunt ; to turn ; to dull. 
RE-TURN', V. i. [Fr. retourner ; It. ritornare ; J?p. rctor- 
var.] 1. d’o come or go back to the same place. 2. d’o 
come to the same state. 3. To answer. 4. d’o come 
again ; to revisit. .5. To appear or begin again after a 
periodical revolution. G. To show fresh signs of mercy. 
To repent of sin. Scripture. 

RE-TURN', V. t. 1. To bring, carry or send back. 2. To 
repay. 3. To give in recompense or requital. 4. 'I'o 
give back in reply. 5. To tell, relate or communiente. 
G. To retort ; to recriminate. 7. To render an account, 
usuall}^ an official account to a superior. 8. To render 
back to a tribunal or to an office. 9. To report officially. 
10. To send; to transmit; to convey. 

RE-TURN', 7/. 1. The act of coming or going back to the 
same place. 2. The act of sending back. 3. The act of 
putting in the former place. 4. Retrogression ; the act of 
moving back. 5. The act or process of coming back to a 
former state. G. Revolution ; a periodical coining to the 
same point. 7. Periodical renewal. 8. Repayment ; re- 
imbursement in kind or in something equivalent, for mon- 
ey expended or advanced, or for labor. 9. Profit ; advan- 
tage. 10. Remittance; payment from a distant place. 11. 
Repayment; retribution; requital. 12. Act of restoring or 
giving back ; restitution. J3. Either of the adjoining 
sides of the front of a house or ground-plot, is called a re- 
turn side. — 14. in law, the rendering back or deliver}' of 
a writ, precept or execution, to the proper officer or court ; 
or the certificate of the officer executing it, indorsed. J5» 
A day in bank. The day on which the defendant is or- 
dered to appear in court, and the sheriff is to bring in the 
writ, and report his proceedings, is called the 7-f tzz?-7i of the 
writ. — 16. In military and naval affairs, an official account, 
report or statement rendered to the commander. 
RE-TURN'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be returned or restored. 
— 2. In /arc, that is legally to be returned, delivered, given 
or rendered. 

RE-TURN'-DAY, n. The day when the defendant is to 
appear in court, and the sheriff is to return the writ and 
his proceedings. 

RE-TURN'ED, (re-turnd') pp. Restored; given orsentback. 
RE-TURN'J5R, 72. One who returns; one that repays or 
remits money. 

RE-TURNMNG, ppr. Giving, carrying or sending back. 
RE-TURNTNG-OF'FI-CER, n. The officer whose duty it 
is to make returns of waits, precepts, juries, &.c. 
RE-TURN'liESS, a. Admitting no return. [Little used.] 
RE-TuSE', a. [L. retusns.] In botany, a retiise leaf is one 
ending in a blunt sinus. Lee. 

RE-UNMON, 7?. ]. A second union; union formed anew 
after separation or discord. — 2. In medicine, union of parts 
separated by wounds or accidents. 

RE-U-NITE', y. t. [z'C and unite.] ]. To unite again; to 
join after separation. 2. To reconcile after variance. 
RE-U-NITE', V. i. To be united again ; to join and cohere 
again._ 

RE-U-NiT'ED, pp. United or joined again ; reconciled, 
t RE-U-NI"TION, 77. Fecond conjunction. Knatchbull. 
RE-U-NIT'ING, pp?-. Uniting again ; reconciling. 
REuS'SITE, 77. [from Rcuss.] A salt. 
RE-.Vx\L-U-A'T10N, 77. A fresh valuation. 

REVE, 77. [Sax. gerefa.] I'he bailiff of a franchise or 
manjor. it is usually w'litten recce. 

RE-VeAL', y. f. [Fr. reveler j Ij.rcvelo.] 1. To disclose; 
to discover ; to show ; to make know'ii something before 
unknown or concealed. 2. To disclose, discover or make 
known from heaven. 

RE-VkAL', 77. A revealing; disclosure. Brown. 
RE-VkAL'ED, (re-veeld') pp. Disclosed ; discovered ; made 
known ; laid open. 


* See Synopsis, a, K, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, "WriA' 


-PR R Y ;— PIN, 


-lArANE, EiRD;— -[Obsolete. 


REV 


701 


REV 


RE-VeAL'ER, n. 1 . One tJiat discloses or makes known. 
2 . Ojie that brings to view. Dryden. 

RE-VeAIj'ING, ppr. Disclosing 3 discovering; making 
known. 

RE- V'E ALIMENT, ?i. The act of revealing. [L. w.] South. 

11 B-VEU,'LE, ) [Ff. 7 ’eveiiler.] In militanj 

REV'EL-LY, j <.re-vti ya; j ajhirs, the beat of drum 
about break of day, to give notice that it is time for the 
soldiers to rise and for the sentinels to forbear challenging. 
[This word might well be anglicized rer'e//y.] 

REV'EL, V. i. [D. 7 'cvelca.] 1 . To feast with loose and 
clamorous merriment ; to carouse ; to act the bacchanalian. 
2 . To move playfully or without regularity, 

REV'EL, 'll. A feast with loose and noisy jollity. 

RE-VEL', V. t. [L. revello.] To draw back ; to retract ; 
to make a revulsion. Hai'vey. 

REV^-E-La'TIOx\, n. [Fr. ; L. revelatus.] 1 . The act of 
disclosing to others what was before unknown to them ; 
appropriately, the disclosure or communication of truth to 
men by God himself, or by his authorized agents, the 
pro[)hets and apostles. 2. I'hat which is revealed ; appro- 
priately, the svicveA truths which God has communicated 
to man for his i)istruction and direction. 3 . The Apoca- 
lypse 3 the last book of the sacred canon. 

REV'EL-LER, 11. One who feasts with noisy merriment. 

PvEV'EL-ING, Feasting with noisy merriment. 

RCV'EL-ING, n. A feasting with noisy merriment 3 revelry. 
Gal. V. 

ilE V'EL-R.OUT, w. 1 . Tumultuous festivity. 2 . A mob 3 
a rabble tumultuously assembled 3 an unlawful assembly. 

REV'EL-RY, 11. xVoisy festivity 3 clamorous jollity. 

IIE-VEX'DI-GATE, v. t. [Fr. revendiquer.] To reclaim 
wiiat has been taken away 3 to claim to have restored 
what has been seized. 

RE-VEA'DI-GA-TEI), pp. Reclaimed 3 regained. 

RE'-VEX DI-GA-TING, ppr. Reclaiming 3 recovering. 

RE-VEX-DI-€a/TIOX, n. [Fr.] The act of reclaiming or 
demanding the restoration of any thing taken by an ene- 
my 3 as by right of postliminium. 

RE-VEXGE', (re-venj') r;. t. [Fr. revancher, veugerj Sp. 
vengar.] 1 . To indict pain or injury in return for an in- 
jury received. 2 . To indict pain deliberately and mali- 
ciously, contrary to the laws of justice and humanity, in 
return for injury received. 3 . To vindicate by punish- 
ment of an enemy. 

RE-VEXGE', (re-venj') ?/. [Fr. revanche.] 1 . Return of an 
injury 3Tde deliberate infliction of pain or injury on a per- 
son in return for an injury received from him. 2 . A 
malicious or spiteful infliction of pain or injury, contrary 
to the laws of justice and Christianity, in return for an 
injury or offense. 3 . The passion which is excited by an 
injury done or an affront given. 

RE-VEXG'ED, (re-venjd') pp. Punished in return for an 
injury 3 spitefully punished. 

RE-VEx\GE FIJE, a. 1 . Full of revenge or a desire to inflict 
pain or evil for injury received 3 spiteful 3 malicious 3 
wreaking revenge. 2. Vindictive 3 inflicting punishment. 

RE-VENGE'FUL-LY, (re-venj'ful-ly) ado. By way of re- 
venge 3 vindictively 3 with the spirit of revenge. Dryden. 

RE-VEXGE'FIJL-NESS, n. Vindictiveness. More. 

RE-VEXGE'LESS, (re-venj les) a. Unrevenged. Marston. 

RE-VEXGE'MENT,n. Revenge ; return of an injury. [E. w.] 

IIE-VEXG'ER, M. 1 . One who revenges; one who inflicts 
pain on another spitefully in return for an injury. 2 . One 
who inflicts just punishment for injuries 3 [less ■proper.] 

RE-VEXG IXG, ppr. 1 . Inflicting pain or evil spitefully for 
injury or affront received. 2 . Vindicating 3 punishing. 

RE-VEXO'IXG-LY, adv. With revenge 3 with the spirit of 
revenge ; vindictively. Shah. 

* REV'E-XUE, ?r. [Fr. revenu ; F. revenio.] 1 . In a ^ener- 
al sense, the annual rents, profits, interest or issues of any 
species of property, real or personal, belonging to an in- 
dividual or to the public. When used of individuals, it is 
equivalent to income . — In modern usage, income is applied 
more generally to the rents and profits of individuals, and 
revenue to those of the state. 2 . The annual produce of 
taxes, excise, customs, duties, rents, &c. which a nation 
or state collects and receives into the treasury for public 
use. 3 . Return 3 reward. 4 . A fleshy lump on the head 
of a deer. 

t RE-VERB' V. t. To reverberate. Shak. 

RE-VERB'ER-ANT, rt. [L.reverherans.] Returning sound 3 
resounding 3 driving back. Shak. 

RE-VERB'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. reverbero.] 1 . To return, as 
sound 3 to send back 3 to echo. 2 . To send or beat back ; 
to repel ; to reflect. 3 . To send or drive back 3 to repel 
from side to side. 

RE-VERB'ER-ATE, v. i. I. To be driven back ; to be re- 
pelled, as rays of light, or sound. 2 . To resound. 

RE-VERB'ER-ATE, a. Reverberant. Shak. 

RE-VERB'ER-A-TED,pp. Driven back 3 sent back 3 driven 
from side to side. 

RE-VERB ER-A-TING, Driving or sending back 3 re- 
flecting, as light 3 echoing, as sound. 


RE-VERB-ER-A'TION, w. [Fr.] The act of driving or send- 
ing back 3 particularly, the act of reflecting light and heat, 
or repelling sound. 

RE-VERB'ER-x\-TO-RY, a. Returning or driving back. 

RE-VERB'ER-A-TO-RY, n. A furnace with a kind of dome 
that reflects the flame upon a vessel placed within it, so 
as tq^surround it. 

RE-VeRE', V. t. [Fr. revercr ; It. reverire ; L. revereor.] 
To regard with fear mingled with respect and affection 3 
to venerate 3 to reverence 3 to honor in estimation. 

RE-VeR'ED, (re-veerd') pp. Regarded with fear mingled 
with respect and affection. 

REV'ER-EXCE, II. [Fr. 3 IL. reverentia.] 1 . Fear mingled 
with respect and esteem 3 veneration . — Reverence is near- 
ly equivalent to veneration, but expresses something less 
of the same emotion. It difiei-s from awe, which is an 
emotion compounded of fear, dread or terror, with admi- 
ration of something great, but not necessarily implying 
love or affection. We feel reverence for a parent, and for 
an upright magistrate, but we stand in awe of a tyrant. 
2 . An act of respect or obeisance 3 a bow or courtesy. 3 . 
A title of the clergy. 4 . A poetical title of a father. 

REV'ER-ENGE, V. t. To regard with reverence 3 to regard 
with fear mingled with respect and affection. 

REV'ER-ENGED, pp. Regarded with fear mingled with 
respect and affection. 

REV^'ER-EX-CER, n. One that regards with reverence. 

REV'ER-EN-CING, ppr. Regarding with fear mixed with 
respect and affection. 

REV'ER-EXD, a. [Fr. 3 L. reverendus.] 1 . Worthy of rev- 
erence 3 entitled to respect mingled with fear and affec- 
tion. 2 . A title of respect given to the clergy or ecclesi- 
astics. 

REV'ER-ENT, a. I. Expressing reverence, veneration or 
submission. 2 . Submissive 3 humble 3 impressed with 
reverence. 

REV-ER-EN'TIAL, a. [from reverence.] Proceeding from 
reverence, or expressing it. South. 

REV-ER-EN'TIAL-LY, adv. With reverence, or show of 
reverence. Brown. 

REV'ER-ENT-LY, adv. 1 . With reverence 3 with respect- 
ful regard. 2 . With veneration 3 with fear of what is 
great or terrifying. 

RE-VeR'ER, n. One who reveres or venerates. 

REV'ER-IE. See Re very. 

RE-VeR'ING, ppr. Regarding with fear mixed with re- 
spect and affection 3 venerating. 

RE-VERS'AL, a. Intended to reverse 3 implying reverse. 
Burnet. 

RE-VERS'AL, 11. A change or overthrowing. 

RE-VERSE', (re-vers') t. [L. rerersaj?.] 1 . To turn up- 
side down. 2 . To overturn 3 to subvert. 3 . To turn 
back. 4 . To turn to the contrary. 5 . To put each in the 
place of the other. — 6. In law, to overthrow by a contra- 
ry decision 3 to make void 3 to annul. 7 . To recall 3 [ci*’.] 

t RE-VERSE', (re-vers') v. i. To return. Spenser. 

RE-VERSE', (re-vers') n. 1 . Change 3 vicissitude 3 a turn 
of affairs 3 in a good sense. 2 . Change for the worse ; 
misfortune. 3 . A contrary 3 an opposite. 4 . [Fr. rryers*.] 
The reverse of a medal or coin is the second or back side, 
opposite to that on which the head or principal figure is 
impressed. 

RE-VERS'ED, (re-verst') pp. 1 . Turned side for side or end 
for end 3 changed to the contrary. — 2 . In law, overthrown 
or annulled — 3 . a. In botany, resupinate 3 having the upper 
lip larger and more expanded than the lower. 

RE-VERS'ED-LY, ado. In a reversed manner. South. 

RE-VERSE'LESS, a. Xot to be reversed 3 irreversible. 

RE-VERSE'LY, adv. On the other hand ; on the opposite. 

RE-VERS'I-BLE, a. That may be reversed. 

RE-VERS'ING, ppr. Turning upside down 3 subverting 3 
turning the contrary way 3 annulling. 

RE-VER'SION, n. [Fr. 3 L. reversio.] 1 . In n general sense, 
a returning 3 appropriately, in law, the returning of an 
estate to the grantor or his heirs, after a particular estate 
is ended. 2 . The residue of an estate left in the grantor, 
to commence in possession after the determination of the 
particular estate granted. 3 . Succession 3 right to future 
possession or enjoyment. — 4 . In reversion of se- 

ries, a kind of reversed operation of an infinite series. 

RE-VER'SION-A-RY, a. Pertaining to a reversion, that is, 
to be enjoyed in succession, or after the determination of 
a particular estate. 

RE-VER'SIOX^-ER, n. The person who has a reversion, or 
who is entitled to lands or tenements, after a particular 
estate granted is determined. 

RE-VERT', V. t. [L. reverto.] 1 . To turn back 3 to turn to 
the contrary 3 to reverse. 2 . To drive or turn back 3 to 
1* G V Gi* Id 0 1* cl t c 

RE- VERT', V. i. 1 . To return 3 to fall back.— 2 . In law, to 
return to the proprietor, after the determination of a par-* 

tlClllcll* GStcltG 

RE-VERT', 71.* In music, return 3 recurrence 3 antistrophe. 
Peacham. 


* See 


Synopsis. 


MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 3— BULL, UXITE.—C as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z ; ClI as SH 3 Til as in this, f Obsolete. 


REV 


702 


REV 


IlE-VERT'ED, pp. Reversed ; turned back. 

RE-VERT'ENT, n. A medicine which restores the natural 
order of the inverted , irritative motions in the animal sys- 
tem. Darwin. 

RE-VERT' 1-BLE, a. That may revert or return. 

RE-VERTTNG, ppr. Turning back ; returning. 

RE-VERT'IVE, a. Changing j reversing. Thomson. 

■*'REV'ER-Y, ) 71. [Fr. reverie. It is often written in Eng- 

"*^REV'ER-IE, \ lish as in French.] 1. Propei-ly^rx raving 
or delirium j but its sense, as generally used, is a loose or 
irregular train of thoughts, occurring in musing or medi- 
tation 5 wild, extravagant conceit of the fancy or imagina- 
tion. 2. A chimera ; a vision. 

RE-VEST', V. t. [Fr. revHir.] 1. To clothe again. 2. To 
reinvest ; to vest again with possession or office. 3. To 
lay out in something less fleeting than money. 

RE-VEST', V. i. To take effect again, as a title j to return 
to a former owner. 

RE-VEST'ED, pp. Clothed again ; invested anew. 

RE-VEST'IA-RY, n. [Fr. revestiaire ; L. revestio.'] The 
place or apartment in a church or temple where the dresses 
are deposited. 

RE-VET'MENT, n. [Fr. revHement.'] In fortification ^ a 
strong wall on the outside of a rampart, intended to sup- 
port the earth. 

RE-VI'BRATE, v. i. [re and vibrate.] To vibrate back or 
in return. 

RE-VI-BRa'TION, n. The act of vibrating back. 

t RE-VIC'TION, n. [L. re and victum.] Return to life. 

RE-VICT'UAL, (re-vit'tl) v. t. [re and victual.] To furnish 
again with provisions. Raleigh. 

RE-VICT'IJALED, (re-vit'tld) pp. Furnished with victuals 
again. 

RE-VICT'UAL-ING, (re-vit'tl-ing) ppr. Supplying again 
with provisions. 

j-RE-ViE', V. t. [re and vie.] To accede to the proposal of a 
stake and to overtop it. B. Jonson. 

t RE-VTE', V. i. To return the challenge of a wager at cards j 
to make a retort. Trial of the seven Bishops. 

RE-VIEW', (re-vu') v. t. [re and view ; or Fr. revoir, rcvii.] 

1. To look back on. Denham. 2. To see again. 3. To 
view and examine again ; to reconsider ; to revise. 4. To 
retrace. 5. To survey ; to inspect j to examine the state 
of any thing, particularly of troops. 

RE- VIEW', (re-vu') n. [Fr. revue.] 1, A second or repeated 
view ; a re-examination ; resurvey. 2. Revision ; a sec- 
ond examination with a view to amendment or improve- 
ment. — 3. In 7nilitary affairs, an examination or inspection 
of troops under arms, by a general or commander, for the 
purpose of ascertaining the state of their discipline, equip- 
ments, &cc. — 4. In literature, a critical examination of a 
new publication, with remarks. 5. A periodical pam- 
phlet containing examinations or analyses of new publica- 
tions. 

RE-VIEW'ED, (re-vude') pp. Resurveyed j re-examined; 
inspected ; critically analyzed. 

RE-VIEW'ER, (re-vu'er) n. One that reviews or re-exam- 
ines ; an inspector ; one that critically examines a new 
publication, and communicates his opinion upon its merits. 

RE-VIEW'ING, ppr. Looking back on ; seeing again ; re- 
vising ; re-examining ; inspecting, as an army ; critically 
examining and remarking on. 

f RE-VIG'OR-ATE, v. t. [re and vigor.] To give new 
vigor to. 

RE-\TLE', V. t. [re and vile.] To reproach ; to treat with 
opprobrious and contemptuous language. 

I RE-VILE', 71. Reproach; contumely; contemptuous lan- 
guage. JSJilton. 

RE-VIL'ED, (re-vlld') pp. Reproached; treated with op- 
probrious or contemptuous language. 

t RE-yTLE'MENT, n. Reproach ; contemptuous language. 

RE-ViL'ER, 71. One who reviles another ; one who treats 
another with contemptuous language. 

RE-VIL'ING, ppr. Reproaching; treating with language of 
contempt. 

RE-\TL'1NG, 71. The act of reviling or treating with re- 
proachful words. Is. li. 

RE-VIL‘1NG-LY, adv. With reproachful or contemptuous 
languase ; with opprobrium. 

RE-VTN'1)I-€ATE, v.t. To vindicate again; to reclaim; 
to demand and take back what has been lost. 

RE-ViS'AL, 71. Revision ; the act of reviewing and re- 
examining for correction and improvement. 

RE-Vl?E', V. t. [L. revisiis, reviso.] 1. To review ; to re- 
examine ; to look over with care for correction. 2. To 
review, alter and amend. 

RE-VTSE', 71. 1. Review; re-examination. 2. Among p?*m- 
ters, a second proof sheet ; a proof sheet taken after the 
first correction. 

RE-VIS'ED, (re-vTzd') pp. Reviewed ; re-examined for 
correction. 

RE-VTS'ER , 71. One that revises or re-examines for correction. 

RE-VTS'lNG, ppr. Reviewing , re-examining for correc- 
tion. 


RE-VI"SION, n. [Fr.] 1. The act of reviewing ; review j 
re-examination for correction. 2. Enumeration of inhab- 
itants. 

rIIvi SioN-AJIY, i “• I’e'^aining to revision. 

RE-VIS'IT, r. i. [Fr. revisiter ; Li.revisito.] To visit again . 
Pope. 

RE-VIS-IT-a'TION, 71. The act of revisiting. 

RE-VIS'lT-ED, pp. Visited again. 

RE-VIS'IT-ING, ppr. Visiting again. 

RE-Vi'SOR, 71. In Russia, one who has taken the number 
of inhabitants. Tookc. 

RE-Vi'VAL, n. 1. Return, recall or recovery to life from 
death or apparent death. 2. Return or recall to activity 
from a state of languor. 3. Recall, return or recovery 
from a state of neglect, oblivion, obscurity or depression. 
4. Renewed and more active attention to religion ; an 
awakening of men to their spiritual concerns. 

RE-VIVE', V. i. [Fr. revivre ; L. revivisco.] 1. To return to 
life ; to recover life. 2. To recover new life or vigor ; to 
be reanimated after depression. 3. To recover from a 
state of neglect, oblivion, obscurity or depression. — 4. In 
chemistry, to recover its natural state, as a metal. 

RE-ViVE', V. t. 1. To bring again to life ; to reanimate. 

2. To raise from languor, depression or discouragement ; 
to rouse. 3. To renew ; to bring into action after a sus- 
pension. 4. To renew in the mind or memory ; to re- 
call. 5. To recover from a state of ne;ilect or depression. 

6. To recornfort ; to quicken ; to refresh with joy or liope. 

7. To bring again into notice. — 8. In che7nistry, to restore 
or reduce to its natural state or to its metallic state. 

RE-ViV'ED, (re-vivd') pp. Brought to life ; reanimated ; 
renewed ; recovered ; quickened ; cheered ; reduced to a 
metallic state. 

RE-VlV'ER, n. That which revives; that which invigor- 
ates or refreshes ; one that redeems from neglect or de- 
pression. 


RE-VIV'I-FI-GATE, v. t. [Fr. revivifier ; L. re and vivifi- 
co.j To revive ; to recall or restore to life. [Little used.] 

RE-VIV-I-FI-€a'TION, n. 1. Renewal of life ; restoration 
of life ; or the act of recalling to life. — 2. In che7nistry, the 
reduction of a metal to its metalic state. 

RE-VIV'I-FY, V. t. [Fr. recivifier.] 1. To recall to life ; to 
reanimate. 2. To give new life or vigor to. 

RE-VIV'ING, ppr. Bringing to life again; reanimating; 
renewing ; recalling to the memory. 

REV-I-VIS'CENCE, \ 71. Renewal of life ; return to life. 

REV-I-VIS'CEN-CY, \ Burnet. 

REV-I-VIS'CENT, a. Reviving ; regaining or restoring life 


or action. Darwm. 

RE-Vi'VOR, 71. In law, the reviving of a suit which is 
abated by the death of any of the parties. 

REV'0-€A-BLE, a. [Fr ; L. revocabilis .] That may be re- 
called or revoked ; that may be repealed or annulled. 

REV'0-€A-BLE-NESS, 7i. The quality of being revoca- 
ble. 

|REV'0-€ATE, v. t. [L. revoco.] To recall ; to call back. 


8cc Revok3E* 

REV-0-€a'TI0N, n. [Fr., from L. rerocatio.] 1. The act 
of recalling or calling back. 2. State of being recalled. 
Hoicell. 3. Repeal; reversal, 
t REV'0-€A-T0-RY, a. Revoking ; recalling. World if 


Wonders. 

RE-V5KE', v.t. [Fr. revoq7ier L. revoco.] ]. To recall ; 
to repeal ; to reverse. 2. To check ; to repress ; [oi-s.] 

3. 1]o draw back ; [7imtsual.] 

RE-VoKE', V. i. To renounce at cards. 

RE-VoKE', n. The act of renouncing at cards. 
RE-VoK'EO, (re-v6kt') pp. Repealed ; reversed. 
RE-VoKE'MENT, 7?. Revocation; reversal. [Little used.] 
RE-VdK'lNG, ppr. Reversing; repealing. 

* RE-VOLT', 7\ i. [Fr. revolter ; \i. rivoltare.] ]. To fall 
off or turn from one to another. 2. To renounce alle- 
giance and subjection to one’s prince or stale ; to reject 
the authority of a sovereign. 3. To change; [«Z>s.] — 4. In 
Scripture, to disclaim allegiance and subjection to God. 

* RE-VOLT', v. t. 1. To turn ; to put to flight ; to overturn. 
Biirke. 2. To shock ; to do violence to ; to cause to 
shrink or turn away with abhorrence. 

RE-VOLT', 77. 1. Desertion ; change of sides; more cor- 
rectly, a renunciation of allegiance and subjection to one’s 
prince or government. 2. Gross departure from duty. 
Shak. — 3. In Scriptin'c, a rejection of divine government. 

4. A revolter ; [oZ»s.] Shak. 

*RE-VOLT'ED, pp. 1. Having swerved from allegiance or 
duty. 2. Shocked ; grossly offended. 

RE-VOLT'ER, 7i. 1. One who changes sides ; a deserter. 

2. One who renounces allegiance and subjection to Ijis 
prince or state. 

* RE-VOLT'ING, ppr. L Changing sides; deserting. 2. 
Disclaiming allegiance and subjection \o a prince or state. 

3. Rejecting the authority of God. 4. a. Doing violence, 
as to the feelings ; excitimi abhorrence. 

REV'O-LU-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may revolve. Cotgrave. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, Zon^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


RHE 703 RHY 


REV 0-LUTE, a. [L. revolutus.'\ In botany^ rolled back or 
downwards. 

REV-O-LU'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. revolutus.'] 1. In physics, 
rotation ; the circular motion of a body on its axis ; a 
course or motion which brings every point of the sur- 
face or periphery of a body back to the place at which it 
began to move. 2. The motion of a body round any fixed 
point or centre. 3. Motion of any thing which brings it 
to the same point or state. 4. Continued course marked 
by the regular return of years. 5. Space measured by 
some regular return of a revolving body or of a state of 
things. — 6. In politics, a material or entire change in the 
constitution of government. 7. Motion backward. Milton. 

REV-O-Lu'TION-A-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to a revolution in 
government. Burke. 2. Tending to produce a revolu- 
tion. 

REV-O-Lu'TION-ER, ri. 1. A revolutionist. Ramsay. 2. 
In England, one who favored the revolution in 1688. 
Sniollet. 

REV^-O-Lu'TION-IST, n. One engaged in eflTecting a 
cliange of government; the favorer of a revolution. 
Burke. 

REV-O-Lu'TION-IZE, v, t. 1. To effect a change in the 
form of a political constitution. Ames. 2. To effect an 
entire change of principles in. J. M. Mason. 

REV-O-LU'TION-iZED, pp. Changed in constitutional 
form and principles. 

REV-O-Lu'TION-IZ-ING, ppr. Changing the form and 
principles of a constitution. 

RE-VOLVE', V. i. [Old Fr. revolver ; L. re^'olvo.] To roll 
in a circle ; to perform a revolution ; to fall back ; to re- 
turn. 

RE-VOLVE', V. t. [L. revolvo.'] To roll any thing round ; 
to consider ; to meditate upon. Shak. 

RE-VOLV'EN-CY, n. State, act or principle of revolving ; 
revolution. Cowper. 

RE-VOM'IT, V. t. \re and vomit ; Fr. revomir.'\ To vomit 
or pour forth again ; to reject from the stomach. 

RE-VOM'IT-ED, pp. Vomited again. 

RE-VOM'IT-ING, ppr. Vomiting again. 

RE-VUL'SION, 71. [Fr. ; E. remdsus.'] 1. In medicine, X\\e 
act of turning or diverting a flux of humors or any cause 
of disease, from one part of the body to another. 2. The 
act of holding or drawing back. 

RE-VUL'SIVE, a. Having the power of revulsion. 

RE-VUL'SIVE, n. 1. That which has the power of divert- 
ing humors from one part to another. 2. That which has 
the power of withdrawing. Fell. 

fREVV, n. A row. Spenser. 

RE-WARD', V. t. [Norm, regarder ; Fr. and Norm, guer- 
don.y To give in return, either good or evil. 

RE-WARD', n. 1. Recompense, or equivalent return for 
good done, for kindness, for services and the like. 2. The 
fruit of men’s labor or works. 3. A bribe ; a gift to per- 
vert justice. i>ewt. xxvii. 4. A sum of money offered for 
taking or detecting a criminal, or for recovery of any 
thing lost. 5. Punishment; a just return of evil or suf- 
fering for wickedness. 6. Return in human applause. 
Matt. vi. 7. Return in joy and comfort. Ps. xix. 

RE-WARD'A-BLE, a. That may be rewarded ; worthy of 
recompense. Hooker. 

RE-WARD'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being worthy of 
reward. Goodman. 

RE-WARD'ED, pp. Requited ; recompensed or punished. 

RE-WARD'ER, n. One who rewards; one that requites 
or recompenses. Heb. xi. Addison. 

RE-WARD'ING, ppr. Making an equivalent return for good 
or evil ; requiting ; recompensing. 

fRE-WoRD', V. t. To repeat in the same words. 

RE-WRiTE', V. t. To write a second time. 

RE-WRIT'TEN, pp. Written again. Kent. 

REYS, 7?. The master of an Egyptian bark or ship. 

RHA-BAR'BA-RATE, a. Impregnated with rhubarl. 

RH AB-DOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. paf^Sos and Xoyo?.] The act or 
art of computing or numbering by Napier’s rods or Na- 
pier’s bones. 

RHAB'DO-MAN-CY, n. [Gr. pa(^6og and pavreia.] Divina- 
tion by a rod or wand. Brown. 

RII AP-SOD'IG, ) a. Pertaining to or consisting of rhap- 

RH AP-SOD'I-GAL, | sody ; unconnected. 

RIIAP SO-DIST, 77. 1. One that writes or speaks without 
regular dependence of one part of his discourse on another. 
2. One who recites or sings rhapsodies for a livelihood ; 
or one who makes and repeats verses extempore. — 3. An- 
ciently, one whose profession was to recite the verses of 
Homer and other poets. 

RHAP'SO-DY, 77. [Gr. paxpoy^ia.] Originally, a discourse in 
verse, sung or rehearsed by a rhapsodist ; or a collection 
of verses. — In modern usage, a collection of passages, 
thoughts or authorities, composing a new piece, but with- 
out necessary dependence or natural connection. Locke. 

RllETN'-BER-RY, 77. Buckthorn, a plant. Johnson. 

RHk'NISH, a. Pertaining to the river Rhine, or to Rheims 
in France. 


RHe'TIAN, a. Pertaining to the ancient Rhsti, or to Rhag- 
tia, their country. 

RHe'TOR, 77. [L. ; Gr. p7?rwp.] A rhetorician. [Little us ed.^ 

RHET'O-RIG, n. [Gr. pyropiKy.'] 1. The art of speaking 
with propriety, elegance and force. 2. The power of per- 
^tias^ion or attraction ; that which allures or charms. 

RHL-1 OR'I-GAL, a. 1. Pertaining to rhetoric. 2. Con- 
taining the rules of rhetoric. 3. (Jratorial. More. 

RHE-1 OR'I-CAL-LY, adu. 1, In the manner of rhetoric; 
according to the rules of rhetoric. 

tRHE-TOR'I-GATE, v. i. To play the orator. Decay of 
Piety. 

t RHE-TOR-I-€a'TION, n. Rhetorical amplification. 

RHET-0-RI"CIAN, 71. [Vx.rhetoricien.'] 1. One who teaches 
the art of rhetoric, or the principles and rules of correct 
and elegant speaking. 2. One well versed in the rules 
and principles of rhetoric. 3. An orator; [Zcs.s proper.] 

t RHET-0-RI"CIAN, a. Suiting a master of rlietoric. 

RHET'O-RiZE, v. i. To play the orator. Cotgrave. 

RHET'O-RiZE, v. t. To represent by a figure of oratory. 

RHEuM, 77. [Gr. pevpu.] 1. An increased and often intlam- 
matory action of the vessels of any organ ; but generally 
applied to the inflammatory action of the mucous glands, 
attended with increased discharge and an altered state of 
their excreted fluids. 2. A thin serous fluid, secreted by 
thejnucous glands, foe. ; as in catarrh. 

RHEU-MAT'IC, a. [L. rheumaticus.'] Pertaining to rheu- 
matism, or partaking of its nature. 

RHEu'MA-TiSM, n, [L. rheumatism us.'] A painful disease 
affecting muscles and joints of the human body, chiefly 
the larger joints, as the hips, knees, shoulders, foe. Parr. 

RHEuM'Y, a. 1. Full of rheum or watery matter ; consist- 
ing of rheum, or partaking of its nature. 2. Affected with 
rheum. 3. Abounding with sharp moisture; causing rheum. 

RHIME. See Rhyme. 

RHi'NO, 77._ A cant word for gold and silver, or money. 

RHI-NO-Ce'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the rhinoceros ; re- 
sembling the rhinoceros. Taller. 

RHI-NOC'E-ROS, n. [Fr. rhinoceros, or rhinocerot ; L. rhi- 
noceros.] A genus of quadrupeds of two species, one of 
which, the unicorn, has a single horn growing ahnost 
erect from the nose. 

RHI-NOC'E-ROS-BiRD, n. A bird of the genus buccros. 

RHo'DI-AN, a. Pertaining to the island of Rhodes. 

RHo'DI-UM, 77. A metal recently discovered among grains 
of crude platinum. 

RHOD-O-DEN'DRON, n. [Gr. po^ov and The 

dwarf rosebay. Evelyn. 

RHOD-O-MON-TaDE'. See Rodomontade. 

RHo'DON-ITE, n. A mineral of a red color. Philips. 

RHOe'TIZ-ITE, ) 11 . A mineral occurring in masses or in 

RHET'IZ-ITE, I radiated concretions. 

* RHOMB, 77. [Fr. rhombe ; L. rhombus ; Gr. pop^og.] In 
geometry, an oblique-angled parallelogram, or a quadri- 
lateral figure whose sides are equal and parallel, but the 
angles unequal, two of the angles being obtuse and two 
acute. 

RHOMB'IG, a. Having the figure of a rhomb. Greiv. 

RHOM'BO, 77. A fish of the turbot kind. Diet. Mat. Hist. 

RHOM'BOID, 77. [Gr. pop(Sos and 1. In geometry, a 

figure having some resen. blance to a rhomb ; or a quadri- 
lateral figure whose opposite sides and angles are equal, 
but which is neither equilateral nor equiangular.— 2. a. In 
anatomy, the rhomboid muscle is a thin, broad and ob- 
liquely square, fleshy muscle, between the basis of the 
scapula and the spina dorsi. 

RHOM-BOID'AL, a. Having the shape of a rhomboid, or a 
shape approaching it. Woodward. 

RHOMB'-SPAR, n. A mineral of a grayish-white. 

RHu'BARB, 77 . [Syr. raiborig ; L. rhabarbarum.] A plant of 
the genus rheum, of several species. I'lie root is medic- 
inal and much used as a moderate cathartic. 

RHU-BaR'BAR-INE, 77 . A vegetable substance obtained 
from rhubarb. Journ. of Science. 

RHUMB, 77 . [from r/77)777i7.] In 77a7;7o-at7077, a vertical circle 
of any given place, or the intersection of such a circle 
with the horizon ; in which last sense rhumb is the same 
as a point of the compass. 

RHUMB'-LINE, n. In navigation, a line prolonged froni 
any point of the compass on a nautical chart, except from 
the four cardinal points. 

RHYME, hi- [^ax. rim and gcrim; Sw., Dan. rim; D- 

RIME, i rym;G.reim.] 1. In poefr?/, the correspond- 
ence of sounds in the terminating words or syllables of 
two verses, one of which succeeds the other immediately , 
or at no great distance. 2. A harmonical succession of 
sounds. 3. Poetry ; a poem. 4. A word of sound to 
answer to another word. — Rhyme or reason, number or 


nse. Spenser. r. rr- ™ i ^ 

fIME v. i. 1. To accord in sound. 2. Po make verses. 

f me! V. t. To put into rhyme. Wilson. 
fME'LESS, a. Destitute of rhyme ; not having conso- 


* See Synopsis. 


MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— Gas K ; Gas J 


; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 


•f Obsolete. 



RIC 


704 


RID 


jRH^lVFER, RHl'M'IST, or RH^M/STER, n. One who 
makes rhymes ; a versifier ; a poor poet. Drydeji. 

RHY'MIO, a. Pertaining to rhyme. 

RHYTHAI, or RflYTH'MUS, n. [Gr. puOfjLog.] 1. In music, 
variety in the movement as to quickness or slowness, or 
length and shortness of the notes; or rather the proportion 
which the parts of the motion have to each other. 2. 
Metre ; verse ; number. Howell. 

RHYTH'MI-CAL, a, [Gr. pvdfUKos ; L. rhythmicus.] Hav- 
ing proportion of sound, or one sound proportioned to an- 
other; harmonical. Johnson. 

Ri'AL, 71. A Spanish coin. See Real. 

RI'AL, 71. [from royal.] A royal ; a gold coin of the value 
of ten shillings sterling, formerly current in Britain. 

RFANT, a. [Fr.] Laughing ; exciting laughter. Buck. 

RIB, n. [Sax. rib, or rLb ; Ice. rif ; G. rippe ; D. rib.] 1. 
A bone of animal bodies which forms a part of the frame 
of the thorax. — 2. In ship building, a piece of timber which 
forms or strengthens the side of a ship. — 3. In botany, the 
continuation of the petiole along the middle of a leaf, and 
from which the veins take their rise. — 4. In cloth, a prom- 
inent line or rising like a rib. 5. [W. 7'hib.] Sonietliing 
long, thin and narrow ; a strip. 

RIB, y. t. J. To furnish with ribs. In manvfactures, to 
form with rising lines and channels. 2. To inclose with 
ribs. Shale. 

RIB'ALD, n. [Fr. riband ; It. ribaldo. ] A low, vulgar, bru- 
tal wretch ; a lewd fellow. Pope. 

RIB ALD, a. Low; base; mean. Shak. 

RIB ALD-ISH, a. Disposed to ribaldry. Hall. 

RIB'ALD-RY, 7J. \\X. 7-ibalderia.] Mean, vulgar language ; 
chiefly, obscene language. Sicift. 

RIB'AN, 71. In heraldry, the eighth part of a bend. 

RIB'ANI). Sec Ribbon. 

RIBBED, pp. or a. 1. Furnished with ribs. Sandys. 2. In- 
closed as with ribs. Shak. 3. Marked or formed with 
rising lines and channels. 

RIB'BON, ) 71. [W. rhibin, rhib ; Ir. ruibin ; Fr. ruban.] 1. 

RIB'IN, I A fillet of silk ; a narrow web of silk used for 
an ornament, as a badge, or for fastening some part of 
female dress. — 2. In naval architecture, a long, narrow, 
flexible piece of timber, nailed upon the outside of the 
ribs from the stem to the sternpost, so as to encompass the 
ship lengthwise ; the principal are the floor-ribbon and 
the breadth-ribbon. 

RIB'BON, V. t. To adorn with ribbons. Beaumont. 

t RiB'l BE, n. [See Rebec.] A sort of stringed instrument. 

RlB'RoAST, V. t. [rib and roast.] To beat soundly ; a bur- 
lesque word. Butler. 

RIB'RoAST-ED, pp. Soundly beaten. 

RIB'RoAST-ING, ppr. Beating soundly. 

RIB'vVoRT, 71. A plant of the genus pZantajro. 

RIG, or RIGK, as a termination, denotes jurisdiction, or a 
district over which government is exercised, as in bish- 
oprick ; Sax. cyne-i'ic, king-ric. It is the Gothic reiki, 
dominion ; Sax. rice or ric. 

RIG, as a termination of names, denotes rich or powerful, 
as in Alfric, Frederick, like the Greek Folycrates and 
Plutarchus. It is the first syllable of RZc/iard ; Sax. ric, 
rice. See Rich. 

RICE, 71. [Fr. riz, or ris ; It. i iso ; G.reis, or reiss ; D. 
rust ; Dan. ris.] A plant of the genus oryza, and its seed, 
used for food. 

RTCE'-BiRD, I n. A bird of the United States, the 

RTCE'-BUNT-ING, \ emberiza oryzivora. In JVew Eng- 
land, it is called bob-lincohi. 

RICH, fl. [Fr. riche', Sp. rico ; It. ricco ; Sax. ric, rice, 
ricca', D.i'yk', G.7'eich.] 1. Wealthy; opulent; possess- 
ing a large portion of land, goods or money, or a larger 
portion than is common to other men or to men of like 
rank. 2. Splendid ; costly; valuable; precious ; sump- 
tuous. 3. Abundant in materials ; yielding great quanti- 
ties of any thing valuable. 4. Abounding in valuable in- 
gredients or qualities. 5. Full of valuable achievements 
or works. 6. Fertile ; fruitful ; capable of producing 
large crops or quantities. 7. Abundant; large. 8. Abun- 
dant ; affording abundance ; plentiful. 9. Full of beauti- 
ful scenery. 10. Abounding with elegant colors. 11. 
Plentifully stocked. 12. Strong ; vivid ; perfect. 13. 
Having something precious. 14. Abounding with nutri- 
tious qualities. 15. Highly seasoned. IG. Abounding 
with a variety of delicious food. 17. Containing abun- 
dance beyond wants. — 18. In music, full of sweet or har- 
monious sounds. — 19, In Scripture, abounding; highly 
endowed. — The rich, used as a 7ioun, denotes a rich man 
or person, or more frequently, in the pZitmZ, rich men or 
persons, 

tRICH, v.t. To enrich. [See Enrich.] Oower. 

f RlCllED, pp. Enriched. Shak. 

RICH'E.S, n. [Fr. richesse ; It. ricchezza ; Sp. riqueza. This 
is in the singular number in fact, but treated as the 
plural.] 1, Wealth; opulence; affluence; possessions of 
land, goods or money in abundance. 2. Splendid, sump- 


Synopsis 


tuous appearance. — 3. In Scripture, an abundance of spir- 
itual blessings. Luke xvi. 

RICH'LY, adv. 1. With riches ; with opulence ; with 
abundance of goods or estate ; with ample funds. 2. 
Gayly ; splendidly ; magnificently. 3. Plcnteously ; 
abundantly; amply. 4. Truly; really; abundantly; 
fully. 

RIGIi'NESS, n. 1. Opulence ; wealth. Sidney. 2. Finery; 
splendor. Jolmson. 3. Fertility; fecundity; fruitfulness; 
the qualities which render productive. 4. Fullness ; 
abundance. 5. duality of abounding with something 
valuable. G. Abundance of any ingredient or quality. 
7. Abundance of beautiful scenery. 8. Abundance of 
nutritious qualities. 9. Abundance of high seasoning. 
10. Strength ; vividness ; or whatever constitutes perfec- 
tion. 11. Abundance of imagery or of striking ideas. 

RIGK, 71. [Sax. /ii-cac, or /m^ ; iv. crunch^ W. crw^.] A 
heap or pile of grain or hay in the field or open air, but 
sheltered wuth a kind of roof. In America, we usually 
give this name to a long pile ; the round and conical pile 
being called stack. 

RIGK'ETS, 71. [In technical language, rachitis, Gr. ; 

Sp. raquitio, the rickets.] A disease which aflects chil- 
dren, and in which the joints become knotted, and the 
legs and spine grow crooked. 

RIGK'ET-Y, a. 1. Affected with rickets. Arbuthnot. 2. 
Weak ; feeble in the joints ; imperfect. 

RIG'O-CllET, 71. [Fr.] In guiaiery, the firing of guns, 
mortars or howitzers with small charges, and elevated a 
few degrees, s.o as to carry the balls or shells just over the 
parapet, and cause them to roll along the opposite rara- 
jiart. 

t RIG'TURE, 71. [L. 7'ictura.] A gaping. Diet. 

RID, pret. of ride. 

RID, V. t. ; pret. and pp. rid. [Sax. ahreddan, or hreddan ; 
1). 7'edden ; G.retten,or erretten; Dan. redder.] 1. To 
free ; to deliver ; properly, to separate, and thus to deliver 
or save. 2. To separate ; to drive away. 3. To free ; to 
clear ; to disencumber. 4. To dispatch. 5. To drive 
away ; to remove by violence ; to destroy. 

RID, pp. or a. Free ; clear ; as, to be rid of trouble. 

RID'DANCE, 71. 1. Deliverance; a setting free. 2. Disen- 
cumbrance. 3. The act of clearing away. 

RID DEN, or RID, pp. of ride. 

RID'DING, ppr~ Freeing; clearing; disencumbering. 

RID'DLE, 71. [Sax. hriddel ; W. rhidylL] An instrument 
for cleaning grain, being a large sieve with a perforated 
bottom. 

RID'DLE, ?). t. To separate, as grain from the chaff with a 
riddle ; as, to riddle wheat. 

RID'DLE, n. [Sax. rcedelse ; D. raadzel ; G. rdthsel.] 1. 
An enigma ; something proposed for conjecture, or that is 
to be solved by conjecture ; a puzzling question ; an am- 
biguous proposition. Judges xiv. 2. Any thing ambig- 
uous or puzzling. 

RID'DLE, V. t. To solve ; to explain ; but we generally 
use unriddle, which is more proper. 

RID'DLE, V. i. To speak ambiguoush’-, obscurely or enig- 
matically. Shak. 

RID'DLER, 71. One who speaks ambiguously. 

RID'DLING-LY, adv. In the manner of a riddle. 

RIDE, V. i. / pret. 7'ode, or rid ; pp. rid, ruiden. [Sax. ridan ,* 
G.reitcn', D. ryden ; Sw\ rida : Dtm. rider.] 1. I'o be 
carried on horseback, or on any beast, or in any vehicle. 
2. To be borne on or in a fluid. 3. To be supported in 
motion. 4. To practice riding. 5. To manage a horse 
w'ell. 6. To be supported by something subservient ; to 
sit. — To 7'ide easy, in seame7Js language, is when a ship 
does not labor or feel a great strain on her cables. — To 
7’ide hard, is when a ship pitches violently, so as to strain 
her cables, masts and liull. — To 7'ide out, as a gale, signi- 
fies that a ship does not drive during a storm. 

RIDE, V. t. 1. To sit on, so as to be carried. 2. To manage 
insolently at will. Swift. 3. To carry ; [local.] 

RIDE, 71. 1. An excursion on horseback or in a vehicle. 

2. A saddle horse ; [Zoco/.] Grose. 3. A road cut in a 
wood or through a ground for the amusement of riding ; a 
riding. 

RID'ER, 77. 1. One who is borne on a horse’ or other beast, 
or in a vehicle. 2. One who breaks or manages a horse. 

3. The matrix of an ore. 4. An inserted leaf or an addi- 
tional clause, as to a bill in parliament. — 5. In ship build- 
ing, a sort of interior rib fixed occasionally in a ship’s 
hold, opposite to sonje of the timbers to which they are 
bolted, and reaching from the keelson to the beams of the 
lower deck, to strengthen her frame. 

RiDGE, 71. [8ax. 7'ig, rieg, hric, hrieg ; Fw. 7'vgg ; D. I'Ug ; 
G. rveken.] 1. The back, or top of the back.*^ 2. A long"or 
continued range of hills or mountains ; or the upper part 
of such a range. 3. A steep elevation, eminence or pro- 
tuberance. 4. A long, rising land, or a strij) of ground 
thrown up by a plough or left between furrows. Ps. Ixv. 
5. The top of the roof of a building. G. Any long eleva- 


t Obsolete. 


RIG 


705 


RIG 


lion of land. — 7. Ridges of a horse^s mouth are wrinkles 
or risings of flesh in the roof of the mouth. 

RID6E, v.t. 1. To form a ridge.— 2. In tillage, to form 
into ridges with the plough. 3. To wrinkle. 

RIDO'IL, or RIDG'LIAG, n. The male of any beast half 
gelt. Encyc. 

f KIDG'ING-LY, adv. After the manner of ridges j or ridge 
by ridge. Ifuluet. 

RIDG'Y, a. Having a ridge or ridges j rising in a ridge. 

RID'I-€ULE, 71. [Fr. ; L. ridiculum,] 1. Contemptuous 
laughter ; laughter with some degree of contempt ; deri- 
sion. 2. That species of writing which excites contempt 
with laughter. 

RID'I-€ULE, V. t. 1. To laugh at with expressions of con- 
tempt ; to deride. 2. To treat with contemptuous mer- 
riment ; to expose to contempt or derision by writing. 

I RID’I-CCJLE, a. Ridiculous. 

RID'I-CuLED, pp. Treated with laughter and contempt. 

RID'I-€U-LER, n. One that ridicules. Chesterfield. 

RID'I-CU-LJNG, ppr. Laughing at in contempt. 

RI-DIC'U-LOUS, a. [L. ridiculus ; It. ridicoloso.^ That 
may justly excite laughter with contempt. 

RI-DI€'U-LOrjS-LY, ado. In a manner worthy of con- 
temptuous merriment. 

RI-DI€'U-LOUS-NESS, ?i. The quality of being ridicu- 
Jous. 

RiD'ING, ppr. [from ride.] 1. Passing or traveling on a 
beast or in a vehicle ; floating. 2. a. Employed to travel 
on any occasion. Ayliffe. 

RiD'ING, 71. 1. A road cut in a wood or through a ground, 
for the diversion of riding therein. Sidney. 2. [corrupted 
from trithing, third.] One of the three intermediate juris- 
dictions between a three and a hundred, into which the 
county of York, in England, is divided. 

RiD'ING-CLERK, n. In England, one of the six clerks in 
chancery. Ash. 

RID'lNG-€oAT, n. A coat for riding on a journey. 

RiD'ING-HAB-IT, 77. A garment worn by females when 
they ride or travel. Guardian. 

RlD'lNG-HOOD, n. A hood used by females when they 
jide ; a kind of cloke with a hood. 

RiD'ING-SGHOOL, n. A school or place where the art of 
riding is taught. 

RI-DOT'TO, 77. [It. ; L. reductus.] I. A public assembly. 
2. A musical entertainment consisting of singing and 
dancing, in the latter of which the whole company join. 

RIE. See Rye. 

RIFE, a. [Sax. ryfe.] Prevailing ; prevalent. It is used of 
epidemic diseases. Knolles. 

Rp’E'LY, adv. Prevalently j frequently. Knolles. 

RlFE'NESS, 77. Frequency ; prevalence. Arbuthnot. 

RIFF'RAFF, n. [Fr. rifier j G.raffen; Dan. rips, raps.] 
^weepings ; refuse. Hall. 

Rl'FLE, V. t. [Fr. rifier.] I. To seize and bear away by 
force ; to snatch away. 2. To strip j to rob j to pillage 3 
to plunder. 

Rl'FLE, 77. [Dan. 7 ’ifie, or rifile.] A gun about the usual 
size of a musket, the inside of whose barrel is rified, that 
is, grooved, or formed with spiral channels. 

Rl'FLE, V. t. To groove ; to channel. 

Rl'FLED, pp. Seized and carried away by violence 5 pil- 
laged 3 channeled. 

Ri'FLE-MAN, n. A man armed with a rifle. 

RI'FLER, 77. A robber 3 one that seizes and bears away by 
violence. 

Rl'FLING, ppr. Plundering 3 seizing and carrying away by 
violence 3 grooving. 

RIFT, 77. [from rive.] A cleft 3 a fissure 3 an opening made 
by riving or splitting. Dryden. 

RIFT, V. t. To cleave 3 to rive 3 to split. Pope. 

RIFT, v.t. I. To burst open 3 to split. Bacon. 2. To 
belch 3 to break wind 3 [local.] 

RIFT'ED, pp. Split 5 rent 3 cleft. 

RIFT'ING, ppr. Splitting 5 cleaving 3 bursting. 

RIG, 77. [Sax.] A ridge, which see. 

RIG, V. t. [Sax. wrigan.] 1. To dress 3 to put on 3 7 ohen 
applied to persons, not elegant, but rather a ludicrous 
word, to express the putting on of a gay, flaunting or un- 
usual dress. 2. To furnish with apparatus or gear 3 to fit 
with tackling. — 3. To rig a ship, in seamen'^s language, is 
to fit the shrouds, stays, braces, &c. to their respective 
masts and yards. 

RIG, 77. [See the verb.] 1. Dress 3 also, bluster. 2. A 
romp 3 a wanton 3 a strumpet. — To run the rig, to play a 
wanton trick. — To run the rig upon, to practice a sportive 
trick on. 

RIG, V. i. To play the wanton. 

RIG-A-DOON', 77. [Fr. rigodon.] A gay brisk dance per- 
formed by one couple, and said to have been borrowed 
from Provence in France. 

RI-Ga'T 10N, 77. [L. rigatio.] The act of watering 3 but 
irrigation is generally used. 

RIGGED, (rigd) pp. Dressed 3 furnished with shrouds, 
stays, &c. as a ship. 


RIG'GER, *. One that rigs or dresses 3 one whose occupa- 
tion is to fit the rigging of a ship. 

RIG'GING, ppr. Dressing ; fitting with shrouds, braces, &c. 

RIG'GING, 77. Dress 3 tackle 3 particularly, the ropes which 
support the masts, extend and contract the sails, <Stc. of a 
ship. 

t RIG'GISH, a. Wanton 3 lewd. Shak. 

RIG'GLE, V. i. To move one way and the other. See 
Wriggle. 

RIGHT, (rite) a. [S<ix.riht,rcht j D. regt ; G.j-echt; Dan. 
rigtig j Sw. ncktig \t. retto j recto E. rectus.] I. 
Properly, strained 3 stretched to straightness 3 hence, 2. 
Straight. — 3. In morals and religion, ]ust equitable 3 ac- 
cordant to the standard of truth and justice or the will of 
God. 4. Fit 3 suitable 3 proper 3 becoming. 5. Lawful. 
6. True 3 not erroneous or wrong 3 according to fact. 7. 
Correct 3 passing a true judgment 3 not mistaken or wrong. 
8. Not left 3 most convenient or dextrous. U. Most favor- 
able or convenient. 10. Properly placed, disposed or ad- 
justed 3 orderly 3 well regulated. 11. ell performed, as 
an art or act. 12. Most direct. 13. Being on the same 
side as the right hand. 14. Being on the right hand of a 
person whose face is towards the mouth of a river. 

RIGHT, adv. 1. In a right or straight line 3 directly. 2. 
According to the law or will of God, or to the standard of 
truth and justice. 3. According to any rule of art. 4 . 
According to fact or truth. 5. In a great degree 3 very 3 
[inelegant.] 6. It is prefixed to titles 3 as in right hon- 
orable. 

RIGHT is used elliptically for it is right, what you say is 
right, it is true, &lc. Pope. — On the right, on the side with 
_the right hand. 

Right, n. 1 conformity to the will of God, or to his law, 
the iierfect standard of truth and justice. 2. Conformity 
to human laws, or to other human standard of truth, pro- 
priety or justice. 3. Justice 3 that which is due or proj>er. 

4. Freedom from error 3 conformity with truth or fact. 

5. Just claim 3 legal title 3 ownership 3 the legal power of 
exclusive possession and enjoyment. 6. Just claim by 
courtesy, customs, or the principles of civility and deco- 
rum. 7. Just claim by sovereignty 3 prerogative. 8 
That which justly belongs to one. 9. Property 3 interest. 
10. Just claim 3 immunity 3 privilege. 11. Authority, 
legal power. — 12. In the United States, a tract of land 3 or 
a share or proportion of property, as in a mine or manu- 
factory. 13. The side opposite to the left 3 as, on the 
7 -ight . — To rights. 1. In a direct line 3 straight 3 [777777*770/.] 

2. Directly 3 soon. — To set to rights, or to put to rights, to 
put into good order 3 to adjust 3 to regulate what is out of 
order. — Bill of rights, a list of rights 3 a paper containing 
a declaration of rights, or the declaration itself. — ffrit of 
right, a writ which lies to recover lands in fee simple, 
unjustly withheld from the true owner. 

Right, v.t. l. To do justice to 3 to relieve from wrong. 
Taylor. — 2. In seaynen’s language, to right a ship, is to 
restore her to an upright position from a careen. — To right 
the helm, to place it in the middle of the ship. 

Right, v. i. To rise with the masts erect, as a ship. 

RiGHT'ED, pp. Relieved from injustice 3 set upright. 

f RIGHT'EN, V. t. [Sax. gerihtan.] To do justice to. 

"^RIGHT'EOUS, (ri'chus) 77. [Sax. 7-7/7/77:757?.] J. Just 3 ac- 
cordant to the divine law. 2. Just 3 equitable 3 merited. 

t RIGHT'EOUSED, (rl'chust) a. Made righteous 3 justified. 
Bale. 

* RiGHT'EOUS-LY, (ri'chus-ly ) adv: Justly 3 in accordance 
with the laws of justice 3 equitably. 

*RIGHT'EOUS-NESS, (ri'chus-nes) n. 1. Purity of heart 
and rectitude of life 3 conformity of heart and life to the 
divine law. — 2. Applied to God, the perfection or holiness 
of his nature 3 exact rectitude 3 faithfulness. 3. The ac- 
tive and passive obedience of Christ, by which the law of 
God is fulfilled. Dan. ix. 4. Justice 3 equity between 
man and man. Luke i. 5. The cause of our justification. 
Jer. xxiii. 

RiGHT'ER, 77. One who sets right 3 one who does justice 
or redresses wrong. 

RIGHT'FUL, a. 1. Having the right or just claim according 
to established laws. 2. Being by right, or by just claim. 

3. Just 3 consonant to justice. 

RIGHTtFUL-LY, adv. According to right, law or justice. 

RIGHT'FUL-NESS, 77. 1. Justice 3 accordance with the rules 

of right. 2. Moral rectitude 3 [not 775770/.] 

RIGHT'-HAND, n. The hand opposite to the left. 

RIGHTBNG, ppr. Doing justice to 3 setting upright. 

RiGHT'LY, adv. 1. According to justice 3 according to the 
divine will or moral rectitude. 2. Properly 3 fitly 3 suita- 
bly. 3. According to truth or fact 3 not erroneously. 4. 
Honestly 3 uprightly. 5. Exactly. 6. Straightly 3 direct- 
ly 3 [7>/»5.] 

RIGHT'NESS, n. 1. Correctness 3 conformity to truth or to 
the divine will, which is the standard of moral rectitude. 
2. Straightness. 

RlG'ID,a. [Fr. rigide ; It., Sp. rigido ; L. rigidus.] 1. Stiff' 3 
not pliant 3 not easily bent. It is applied to bodies or sub- 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 3— BULL, UNITE.— € as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 ClI as SII 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 

’ *45 


RIN 


706 


RIP 


stances that are naturally soft or flexible, but not fluid. 
Rigid is opposed to flexible, but expresses less than inflexi- 
ble. 2. Strict in opinion, practice or discipline j severe in 
temper. 3. Strict ; exact. 4. Severely just. 5. Exactly 
according to the sentence or law. 

RI-GID'I-TY, 71. [Fr. rigidite ; L. rigiditas.] 1. Stiffness ; 
want of pliability ; the quality of not being easily bent. 
2. A brittle hardness. 3. Stiffness of appearance or man- 
ner ; want of ease or airy elegance. 

RIG'ID-LY, adv. 1. Stiffly ; unpliantly. 2. Severely ; strict- 
ly ; exactly j without laxity, indulgence or abatement. 

RIO ID-NESS, 71. 1. Stiffness of a body ; the quality of not 
being easily bent. 2. Severity of temper j strictness in 
opinion or practice. 

RIG'LET, 71. [Fr. ; L. regula.] A flat, thin piece of wood, 
used for picture frames ; also used in printing, to regulate 
the margin, &c. 

RIG'MA-ROLE, ri. A repetition of stories j a succession of 
stories. Golds mith. 

RIG'OL, 71. A circle ; a diadem. Shak. 

RIG'OLL, 71. A musical instrument consisting of several 
sticks bound together, but separated by beads. Encyc. 

RIG'OR, 71. [L. ; Fr. rigueiir.'^ 1. Stiffness; rigidness. — 2. 
In medicine, a sense of chilliness, with contraction of the 
skin ; a convulsive shuddering or slight tremor, as in the 
cold fit of a fever. 3. Stiffness of opinion or temper ; se- 
verity ; sternness. 4. Severity of life ; austerity ; volun- 
tary submission to pain, abstinence or mortification. 5. 
Strictness ; exactness without allowance, latitude or in- 
dulgence. 6. Violence; fury; [oZ>5.] 7. Hardness; so- 

lidity ; [umisual.] 8. Severity ; asperity. 

RIG'OR-OUS, a. [Fr. rigourcux.] 1. Severe ; allowing no 
abatement or mitigation. 2. Severe ; exact ; strict ; with- 
out abatement or relaxation. 3. Exact ; strict ; scrupu- 
lously accurate. 4. Severe ; very cold. 

RIG'OR-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Severely ; without relaxation, 
abatement or mitigation. 2. Strictly ; exactly ; with scru- 
imlous nicety ; rigidly. 

RIG'OR-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Severity without relaxation or 
mitigation ; exactness, jish. 2. Severity. 

RILL, n. [G. rillc ; W. rhilL] A small brook ; a rivulet ; a 
streamlet. Milto7i. 

RILL, V. i. To run in a small stream, or in streamlets. 

RILL'ET, n. A small stream ; a rivulet. Draytmi 

RIxM, 71. [Sax. rima and reoma ; W. rliim and rhimp.] 1. 
The border, edge or margin of a thing. 2. The lower 
part of the belly or abdomen. 

RIM, V. t. To put on a rim or hoop at the border. 

RLME, n. [Sax. rh?i.] Rhyme, which see. 

RIME, n. [Sax. hrira ; Ice. hryin ; D. rym.'\ White or hoar 
frost ; congealed dew or vapor. Bacon. 

I RIME, 71. [L. rima ; Sw. renuia.] A chink ; a fissure ; a 
rent or long aperture. 

RIME, i. To freeze or congeal into hoar frost. 

RFMOSE, ) a. [L. rhnosiis.] In botany, chinky ; abounding 

RlhMOlTS, ) with clefts, cracks or chinks. 

RIM'PLE, 71. [Sax. hrympelli.'] A fold or wrinkle. See 
Rumple. 

RIM'PLE, V. t. To rumple ; to wrinkle. 

RIM'PLLVG, n. Undulation. 

Ri'MY, a. [from rime.] Abounding with rime ; frosty. 

RIND, n. [Sax. rind, or hrind ; G. rinde.] The bark of a 
plant ; the skin or coat of fruit that may be pared or peel- 
ed off ; also, the inner bark of trees. 

t RIND, V. t. To bark ; to decorticate. 

RIN'DLE, 71. A small water-course or gutter, .^sh. 

RING, n. [Sax. ring, or bring ; D. ring, or ki'ing ; G., D., 
Sw. ring.] 1. A circle, or a circular line, or any thing in 
tlie form of a circular line or hoop. 2. A circular course. 

RING, n. 1. A sound; particularly, the sound of metals. 
2. Any loud sound, or the sounds of numerous voices ; or 
somid continued, repeated or reverberated. 3. A chime, 
or set of bells harmonically tuned. 

RING, V. t. ; pret. and pp. rmig. [Sax. ringan, bring an ; 
G., D. 7'inrren ’, Sw. ringa ; Dan. ringer.] To cause to 
sound, particularly by striking a metallic body. 

RING, V. t. [from the noun.] 1. To encircle. Sbak. 2. To 
fit with rings, as the fingers, or as a swine’s snout. Sbak. 

RING, 7). i. 1. To sound, as a bell or other sonorous body, 
particularly a metallic one. 2. To practice the art of 
making music with bells. 3. To sound ; to resound. 4. 
To utter, as a bell ; to sound. 5. To tinkle ; to have the 
sensation of sound continued. 6. To be filled with report 
or talk. 

RING'-BdLT, n. An iron bolt with an eye, to which is fitted 
a ring of iron. Mar. Diet. 

RING'-BdNE, n. A callus growing in the hollow circle of 
the little pastern of a horse, just above the coronet. 

RING'DoVE, n. [G. ringeltaube.] A species of pigeon, the 
colmnha. paliimhus. 

RIN'GENT, a. [L. ringor.] In botany, a ringe7it or labiate 
corol is one which is irregular, monopetalous, with the 
border usually divided into two parts, called the upper 
and lower lip. 


RING'ER, 71. One who rings. 

RING'ING, ppr. Causing to sound, as a bell; sounding; 
fitting with rings. 

RING'ING, n. The act of sounding or of causing to sound. 

RING'LeAD, V. t. To conduct. [Little used.] 

RING'LeAD-ER, 71. \_ring and leader.] The leader of any 
association of men engaged in violation of law or an ille- 
gal enterprise, as rioters, mutineers and the like. 

RING'LET, n. [dim. of ring.] 1. A small ring. Pope 2. 
A curl ; partictdarly, a curl of hair. Milton. 3. A circle. 

RING'-dU-^EL, n. A bird of the genus turdus. 

RING^-STReAKED, a. [ring and streak.] Having circular 
streaks or lines on the body. 

RING'-TAIL, 71. 1. A kind of kite with a whitish tail. 2. 
A small quadrilateral sail, set on a small mast on a ship’s 
tafferel. 

RING'-WoRM, n. [ring and worm.] A circular eruption 
on the skin ; a kind of tetter. Parr. 

RINSE, (rins) v. t. [Sw. rensa, or rena ; Dan. renser ; Sax., 
D., G. rein ; Fr. rincer.] 1. To wash ; to cleanse by 
washing. But in present usage, 2. To cleanse with a sec- 
ond or repeated application of water, after washing. We 
distinguish washing from rinsing. Washing is performed 
by rubbing, or with the use of soap ; rinsmg is performed 
with clean water, without much rubbing or the use of 
soap. 

RINSED, pp. Cleansed with a second water ; cleaned. 

RINS'ER, 71. One that rinses. 

RINS'ING, ppr. Cleansing with a second water. 

RFOT, n. [Norm, riotti ; It. riotta ; Fr. riote.] 1. In a gen- 
eral s€7ise, tumult ; uproar ; hence, technically, in law, a 
riotous assembling of twelve persons or more, and not 
dispersing upon proclamation. 2. Uproar ; wild and noisy 
festivity. 3. Excessive and expensive feasting. 2 Pet. ii. 
4. Luxury. — To run riot, to act or move without control 
or restraint. 

Rl'OT, V. i. [Fr. rioter ; It. riottarc.] 1. To revel ; to run 
to excess in feasting, drinking or other sensual indulgen- 
ces. 2. To luxuriate ; to be highly excited. 3. To ban- 
quet ; to live in luxury ; to enjoy. 4. To raise an uproar 
or sedition. 

Rl'OT-ER, 71. 1. One who indulges in loose festivity or ex- 
cessive feasting. — 2. In law, one guilty of meeting with 
others to do an unlawful act, and declining to retire upon 
proclamation. 

Rl'OT-ING, ppr. Reveling ; indulging in excessive feasting. 

Rl'OT-ING, 71. A reveling. 

t Rl'OT-ISE, n. Dissoluteness; luxury. Spc7iser. 

RI'OT-OUS, a. [\l. riottoso.] 1. Luxurious; wanton or li- 
centious in festive indulgences. 2. Consisting of riot ; 
tumultuous ; partaking of the nature of an unlawful as- 
sembly ; seditious. 3. Guilty of riot ; applied to persons. 

RI'OT-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With excessive or licentious luxu- 
ry. 2. In the manner of an unlawful assembly ; tumultu- 
ously ; seditiously. 

RI'OT-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being riotous. 

RIP, V. t. [Sax. rijpan, ryppav, hrypan ; Sw.rifvai Dan. 
river.] 1. To separate by cutting or tearing; to tear or 
cut open or off ; to tear off or out by violence. 2. fl’o take 
out or away by cutting or tearing. 3. To tear up for 
search or disclosure, or for alteration ; to search to the bot- 
tom ; v/ith up. 4. To rip out, as an oath. 

RIP, ?i. 1. A tearing; a place torn ; laceration. 2. A wick- 
er basket to carry fish in. 3. Refuse ; [not in use or local.] 

RI-Pa'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to the bank of a river. 

RIPE, a. [Sax. ripe, gerip ; D. ryp ; G. reif.] 1. Brought 
to perfection in growth or to the best state ; mature ; fit for 
u.se. 2. Advanced to perfection ; matured. 3. Finished ; 
consummate. 4. Brought to the point of taking effect; 
matured ; ready ; prepared. 5. Fully qualified by im- 
provement ; prepared. 6. Resembling the ripeness of 
fruit. 7. Complete ; proper for use. 8. Maturated ; sup- 
purated ; as an abscess or tumor. 

t RIPE, V. i. To ripen ; to grow ripe ; to be matured. 

tRIPE, V. t. To mature ; to ripen. Shak. 

RTPE'LY, adv. Maturely ; at the fit time. Shak. 

RT'PEN, (ri'pn) v. i. [Sax. ripian; D. rypen ; G. reifen.] 
1. To grow ripe ; to be matured ; as grain or fruit. 2. To 
approach or come to perfection ; to be fitted or prepared. 

Rl'PEN, (ri'pn) v. t. 1. To mature ; to make ripe ; as grain 
or fruit. 2. To mature ; to fit or prepare. 3. To bring to 
perfection. 

RTPE'NE8^, n. 1. The state of being ripe or brought to that 
state of perfection which fits for use ; maturity. 2. Full 
growth. 3. Perfection ; completeness. 4. Fitness ; qual- 
ification. 5. Complete maturation or suppuration, as of 
an ulcer or abscess. 6. A state of preparation. 

RI-PHe'AN, a. An epithet given to certain mountains in 
the north of Asia. 

RIPTER, or RIP'PER, n. In old laws, one who brings fish 
to market in the inland country. Coioel. 

RIPPED, pp. Torn or cut off or out ; torn open. 

RIP'PER, 71. One who tears or cuts open. 

RIP'PING, ppr. Cutting or tearing off or open ; tearing up. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, f, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete, 


RIT 


707 


RIFPING, n. 1. A tearing. 2. A discovery ; Spenser. 

ll£PTLE, V. i. [Dan. ripper.] To fret on the surface, as 
water when agitated. 

RIPTLE, V. t, [G. riffehiy to hatchel.] 1. To clean, as flax. 
Ray. 2. To agitate the surface of water, 

RIP'PLE, n. 1. The fretting of the surface of water ; little 
curling waves. 2. A large comb or hatchel for cleaning 
flax. 

RIP'PLING, ppr. Fretting on the surface. 

RIP PLING, n. 1. The ripple dashing on the shore, or the 
noise of it. 2, The act or method of cleaning flax j a 
hatcheling. 

RIPT, pp. for ripped. 

RIP'TOW-ELL, n. A gratuity given to tenants after tliey 
had reaped their lord’s corn. Todd. 

RISE, (rize) v. i. ; pret. rose ; pp. risen ; pron. rozc, rizn. 
[Sax. arisan ; D.ryzen; Goth, rctsan.] 1. To move or 
pass upward in any manner ; to ascend. 2. To get up ; 
to leave the place of sleep or rest. 3. To get up or move 
from any recumbent to an erect posture. 4. To get up 
from a seat ; to leave a sitting posture. 5. To spring ; to 
grow, 6. To swell in quantity or extent ; to be more ele- 
vated. 7. To break forth ; to appear. 8. To appear above 
the horizon ; to shine. 9. To begin to exist ; to originate ; 
to come into being or notice. 10. To be excited ; to begin 
to move or act, 11. To increase in violence. 12. To ap- 
pear in view. 13. To appear in sight j also, to appear 
more elevated. 14. To change a station ; to leave a place. 
15. To spring ; to be excited or produced. IG. To gain 
elevation in rank, fortune or public estimation ; to be pro- 
moted. 17. To break forth into public commotions ; to 
make open opposition to government. 18. To be excited 
or roused into action. 19. To make a hostile attack. 20. 
To increase ; to swell ; to grow more or greater. 21. To 
be improved ; to recover from depression. 22. To elevate 
the style or manner. 23. To be revived from death. 24. 
To come by chance. 25. To ascend ; to be elevated above 
the level or surface. 26. To proceed from. 27. To have 
its sources in. 28. To be moved, roused, excited, kindled 
or inflamed, as passion. 29. To ascend in the diatonic 
scale. 30. To amount. 31. To close a session. This 
verb is written also arise^ which see. 

RISE, n. 1. The act of rising, either in a literal or fig- 
urative sense ; ascent. 2. The act of springing or mount- 
ing from the ground. 3. Ascent ; elevation, or degree of 
ascent. 4. Spring ; source ; origin. 5. Any place elevated 
above the common level. 6. Appearance above the hori- 
zon. 7. Increase ; advance. 8. Advance in rank, hon- 
or, property or fame. 9. Increase of sound on the same 
key ; a swelling of the voice. 10. Elevation or ascent of 
the voice in the diatonic scale. 11. Increase ; augmenta- 
tion. 12. [D. rys ; from the verb.] A bough or branch 3 
[065.] Chancer. 

RIS'EN, pp. See Rise. 

RIS'ER, n. 1. One that rises ; as, rn early riser. — 2. Among 
joiners, the upright board of a stair. 

RISH, 71. A rush. Cheshire Gloss. 

♦RI-SI-BIL'[-TY, 71. [from risible.] 1. The quality of laugh- 
ing, or of being capable of laughter. 2. Proneness to 
laugh. 

* RI'SI-BLE, or RIST-BLE, a. [Fr. risible; h. risibilis.] 

1. Having the faculty or power of laughing. 2. Laugha- 
ble ; capable of exciting laughter. The description of 
Falstaff in Shakspeare, exhibits a risible scene. Risible 
differs from Itidicro^is, as species from genus ; ludicrous 
expressing that which is playful and sportive ; risible, that 
which may excite laughter. Risible differs from ridicu- 
lous, as the latter implies something mean or contempti- 
ble, and risible does not. 

RIS'ING, ppr. 1. Getting up ; ascending ; mounting ; spring- 
ing ; proceeding from ; advancing ; swelling ; increasing ; 
appearing above the horizon ; reviving from death, «fcc. 

2. Increasing in wealth, power or distinction. 

RIS'ING, 7t. 1. The act of getting up from any recumbent 

or sitting posture. 2. The act of ascending. 3. The act 
of closing a session, as of a public body. 4. The appear- 
ance of the sun or a star above the horizon. 5. The act 
of reviving from the dead ; resurrection. Mark ix. 6. A 
tumor on the body. Lev. xiii. 7. An assembling in oppo- 
sition to government ; insurrection ; sedition or mu- 
tiny. 

RISK, 71. [^Fr. risque; Arm. risql ; Port, risco ; It. rischio.] 
1. Hazard ; danger ; peril ; exposure to harm. — 2. In com- 
merce, the- hazard of loss, either of sliip, goods or other 
property. — To run a risk, is to incur hazard ; to encounter 
danger. 

RISK, V. t. 1. To hazard ; to endanger ; to expose to injury 
or loss. 2. To venture ; to dare to undertake. 

RISKED, pp. Hazarded ; exposed to injury or loss. 

RISK'ER, 71. One who hazards. 

RISK'ING, ppr. Hazarding ; exposing to injury or loss. 

RISSE, obsolete pret. of rise. B. Jonson. 

RITE, 71. [Fr. rit, rite ; L. ritus ; It., Sp. rito.] The man- 
ner of performing divine or solemn service as established 


ROA 

by law, precept or custom ; formal act of religion, or other 
solemn duty. 

RI-TOR-NEL'LO, n. [It.] In music, a repeat ; the burden 
of a song, or the repetition of a verse or strain. 

RIT'U-AL, a. [It. rtt«rtZe,] 1. Pertaining to rites; con- 
sisting of rites. 2. Prescribing rites. 

RIT'U-AL, 71. A book containing the rites to be observed, or 
the manner of performing divine service in a particular 
church, diocese or the like. 

RIT'U-AL-IST, 7J. One skilled in the riUirft Gregory. 

RIT/U-AL-LY, adv. By rites ; or by a particular rite. 

t RIV'AGE, V. [Fr.] A bank, shore or coast. Spenser. 

RPVAL, 71. [L. rivalis ; Fr., Sp. rival ; It. rivale.] 1. One 
who is in pursuit of the same object as another ; one striv- 
ing to reach or obtain something which another is at- 
tempting to obtain, and which one only can possess ; a 
competitor. 2. One striving to equal or exceed another 
in excellence. 3. An antagonist ; a competitor in any 
pursuit or strife. 

Rl'VAL, a. Having the same pretensions or claims ; stand- 
ing in competition for superiority. Dry den. 

RT'VAL, V. t. 1. To stand in competition with ; to strive to 
gain the object which another is contending for. 2. To 
strive to equal or excel ; to emulate. 

t RFVAL, V. i. To be competitors. Shak. 

I RI-VAL'I-TY, n. Rivalry. Shak. 

RPVAL-RY, 71. [from rival.] Competition ; a strife or efFoit 
to obtain an object which another is pursuing ; an en- 
deavor to equal or surpass another in some excellence; 
emulation. 

RI'VAL-SHIP, 71. 1. The state or character of a rival. 2. 
Strife ; contention for superiority ; emulation ; rivalry. 

RIVE, V. t. ; pret. rived ; pp. rived, or riven. [Dan. revner, 
river ; Sw. rifva.] To split ; to cleave ; to rend asunder 
by force. Dryden. 

RIVE, V. i. To be split or rent asunder. Woodward. 

RIVE, 71. A rent, or tear. Brockett. 

fRIV'EL, v.t. [Sax. verified; Sw. rifva.] To contract into 
wrinkles; to shrink. Dryden. 

RIV'EN, pp. of rive. Split ; rent or burst asunder. 

RI'VER, 71. One who rives or splits. 

RIV'ER, 71. [Fr. riviere; Arm. rifyer ; Corn, ryvicr ; It. 
riviera ; L. rivus, rivulus ; D. 7*tyicr.] 1. A large stream 
of water flowing in a channel on land towards the ocean, 
a lake or another river. 2. A large stream ; copious flow ; 
abundance. 

RIV'ER-DR AG-ON, n. A crocodile ; a name given by Md- 
ton to the king of Egypt. 

t RI V'ER-ET, 71. A small river. 

RIV'ER-GOD, 71. A deity supiwsed to preside over a river, 
as its tutelary divinity ; a naiad. Lempriere. 

RIV'ER-HORSE, n. The hippopotamus, an animal inhabit- 
ing rivers. Milton. 

RIV'ER-WA-TER, n. The water of a river. 

RIV'ET, v. t. [It. ribadire ; Port, rebitar.] 1. To fasten 
with a rivet or with rivets. 2. To clincli. 3. To fasten 
firmly ; to make firm, strong or immovable. 

RIV'ET, 71. A pin of iron or other metal ; a pin or bolt 
clinched at both ends. 

RIV'ET-ED, pp. Clinched ; made fast. 

RIV'ET-ING, ppr. Clinching ; fastening firmly 

RIV'U-LET, 71. [L. rivulus.] A small stream or brook ; a 
streamlet. Milton. 

t RIX-a'TION, 71. [L. rixatio.] A brawl or quarrel. 

RIX-DOL'L AR, 71. [G. reichsthaler ; D. ryksdaalder ; Sw. 
riksdaler ; Dan. rigs dal cr.] A silver coin of Germany, Den- 
mark and Sweden, of different value in different places. 
In Hamburg and some other parts of Germany, its value 
is the same as the American dollar, or 4 a\ 6d. sterling. 

RoACH, 7?. [Sax. reoAc/te, hreoce ; G. roche ; Dan. 7’okke.] 
A fish of the genus cypri?ius, found in fresh water. — dis 
sound as a roach is a phrase supposed to have been orig- 
mally, as sound as a rock, [Fr. roche.] 

RoAD, 71. [Sax. rad, rade ; G. rcise ; D. reis ; Fr. rade ; Sp. 
rada ; G., D. recde.J 1. An open way or public passage ; 
ground appropriated for travel, forming a communication 
betw'een one city, town or place and another. 2. A 
place where ships may ride at anchor at some distance 
from the shore ; sometimes called roadstead, that is, a 
place for riding, meaning at anchor. 3. A journey ; [oi.?.] 
4. An inroad ; incursion of an enemy ; [oAj?.] — On the 
road, passing ; traveling. Law. 

RoAD'ER, I 71. Among seamen, a vessel riding at anchor 

RoAD'STER, \ in a road or bay. 

ROAD'STEAD. See Road. 

RoAD'WaY, 71. A highway. [Tautological.] Shak. 

RoAM, V. i. To wander ; to ramble ; to rove ; to walk or 
move about from place to place without any certain pur- 
pose or direction. 

RoAM, V. t. To range ; to wander over. Milton. 

RoAM'ER, 71. A wanderer ; a rover ; a rambler ; a vagrant. 

RoAM'ING, ppr. Wandering; roving. 

RoAMHNG, or RoAM, n. The act of wandering. 

RoAN, a. [Fr. rouan.] A roan horse is one that is of a bay. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BIJLL, UiNITE.— C a.s K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


ROD 


ROB 708 


sorrel or dark color, with spots of gray or white thickly 
interspersed. 

RoAN'-TllEE, 71. A tree ; the mountain ash. Lee. 

RoAR, V, i. [Sax. rar/a)i ; W. rhaior.^ 1. To cry with a 
full, loud, continued sound ; to bellow, as a beast. 2. To 
cry aloud, as in distress. 3. To cry aloud ; to bawl ; as a 
child. 4. To cause a loud, continued sound. 5. To make 
a loud noise. 

RoAR, n. 1. A full, loud sound of some continuance ; the 
cry of a beast. 2. The loud cry of a child or person in 
distress. 3. Clamor j outcry of joy or mirth ; as, a roar 
of laughter. 4. The loud, continued sound of the sea in 
a storm, or the howling of a tempest. 5. Any loud sound 
of some continuance. 

RoAR'ER, 71. One that roars, man or beast. 

RoARTNG, ppr. Crying like a bull or lion j uttering a deep, 
loud sound. 

RoAR'iNG, 71. The cry of a lion or other beast ; outcry of 
distress. Job iii. ; loud, continued sound of the billows of 
the sea or of a tempest. Is. v. 

RoAil'Y, a. Dewy ; more properly rory. 

RoAbT, V. t. [ VV. rhostiaw ; Ir. rostam ,* Arm. rosta ; Fr. 
'T(jtir ; It. arrostire ; D. roosten ; G. r'dsten ; Sw. rosta.] 

1. To cook, dress or prepare meat for the table by exposing 
it to heat, as on a spit, in a bake-pan, in an oven, or the 
like. 2. To prepare for food by exposure to heat. 3. To 
heat to excess j to heat violently. 4. To dry and parch 
by exposure to heat. — 5. In metallurgy^ to dissipate the 
volatile parts of ore by heat. — 6. In common discourse, to 
jeer ; to banter severely. 

RoAvST, 7J. That which is roasted. 

Roast, a. [for roasted.] Roasted ; as, roast beef. 

Roast, u. in the phrase, to rule the roast, this word is a cor- 
rupt pronunciation of the G. rat/t, counsel, Dan.,D. raad, 

Sw. rad. 

RoAST'ED, pp. Dressed by exposure to heat on a spit. 

RoAST'ER, 71. 1. One that roasts meat j also, a gridiron. 

2. A pig for roasting. 

RoAST'lNG, pp?*. 1. Preparing for the table by exposure 
to heat on a spit j drying and parching. 2. Bantering 
with severity. 

RoAST'ING, 71. A severe teasing or bantering. 

ROB, 71. [Sp. rob.] The inspissated juice of ripe fruit, mixed 
with honey or sugar to the consistence of a conserve. 

ROB, 77. t. [G. rauben ; D. rooven ; Sw. I'offa ; it. rubare ; 
Sp. robar ; Port, roubar.] 1. In law, to take from the per- 
son of another feloniously, forcibly and by putting him in 
fear. 2. To seize and carry from any thing by violence 
and with felonious intent. 3. To plunder; to strip un- 
lawfully. 4. To take away by oppression or by violence. 
.5. To take from ; to deprive. — 6. In a loose sense, to steal ; 
to take ])i ivately without permission of the owner. 7. To 
withhold what is due. JMal. iii. 

RO-BAL'LO, V. A fish found in Mexico. Clavigero. 

ROB'BE, 7t. [G.] The sea-dog or seal. 

ROBBED, pp. Deprived feloniously and by violence ; plun- 
dered ; seized and carried away by violence. 

ROB BER, n. 1. In laic, one that takes goods or money 
from the person of anotlier by force or menaces, and with 
a felonious intent. — 2. In a looser sense, one who takes 
that to which he has no right ; one who steals, plunders 
or strips by violence and wrong. 

ROB'BER-Y, 71. 1. In law, the forcible and felonious taking 
from the person of another any money or goods, putting 
him in fear, that is, by violence or by menaces of death or 
personal injury. — Robbery differs from theft, as it is a vio- 
lent felonious taking from the person or presence of an- 
other ; whereas theft is a felonious taking of goods pri- 
vately from the person, dwelling, &c. of another. 2. A 
plundering; a pillaging; a taking away by violence, 
wrong or oppression. 

ROB'BLN'G, ppr. Feloniously taking from the person of an- 
other ; putting him in fear ; stripping ; plundering. 

ROB'BINb, or ROPE'-BANDb, n. [rope and Aa?jds.] Short, 
flat, plaited pieces of rope with an eye in one end, used 
in pairs to tie the upper edges of square sails to their yards. 

ROBE, n. [Fr. robe ; Sp. ropa ; Port, roupa ; Ir. roha ,* It. 
roba.] 1. A kind of gown, or long, loose garment, worn 
over other dress, particularly by persons in elevated sta- 
tions. 2. A splendid female gown or garment. 2 Sam. 
xiii. 3. An elegant dress ; splendid attire. — 4. In Scrip- 
ture, the vesture of purity or righteousness, and of happi- 
ness. Job xxix. 

ROBE, V. t. 1. To put on a robe ; or to dress with magnifi- 
cence ; to array. Pope. 2. To dress ; to invest, as with 
beauty or elegance. 

RdBED, pp. Dressed with a robe ; arrayed with elegance. 

ROB'ERS-MAN, or ROB'ERTS-MAN, n. In the old stat- 
utes of England, a bold, stout robber or night thief, said to 
be so called from Robinhood, a famous robber. 

ROB'ERT, or HERB-ROB'ERT, n. A plant of the genus 
rreranhim ; stork’s bill. Ainsworth. 

r6b'ERT-INE, 71. One of an order of monks, so called 
from Robert Floicer, the founder, A. D. 1187. 


ROBTN, n. [L. ruhecula.] 1. A bird of the genus mota- 
cilia, called, also, redbreast. — 2. In the United States, a 
bird with a red breast, a species of turdus. 

ROB'IN-GOOD-FEL-LoW, n. An old domestic goblin. 

ROB'O-RAiNT, a. [L. roborans, roboro.] Strengthening. 

ROB'O-RANT, n. A medicine that strengthens ; but cor- 
roborant is generally used. 

R0B-0-Ra'T10N, 7J. \1j. roboro.] A strengthening. [L.m.] 

RO-Bo'RE-OUS, a. [L. roboreus.] Made of oak. 

RO-BUST', a. [L. robustus.] 1. Strong; lusty; sinewy; 
muscular ; vigorous ; forceful. 2. Sound; vigorous. 3. 
Violent; rough; rude. 4. Requiring strength. 

t RO-BUS'TIOUS, a. [L. robustus.] 1. Strong ; sinewy ; 
vigorous ; forceful. J\'hlton. 2. Requiring strength. Locke. 
Robustious is now used only in low language. 

f RO-BUS'TIOUS-LY, adv. With violence ; with fury. 

t RO-BUS'TIOUS-NESS, n. Quality of being vigorous. 

RO-BUST'NESS, n. Strength ; vigor, or the condition of 
the body when it has full, firm flesh and sound health. 

RO€'AM-BOLE, or ROK'AM-BOLE, n. A sort of wild gar- 
lic, the allium scorodvprasum. 

RoCHE'-AL-UM, (roch'-al-um) v. [Fr. roche.] Rock-alum, 
a purer kind of alum. Mortimer. 

RO-CHELLE' SALT. Tartrate of potash and soda. 

ROCH^ET, n. [Fr. rochet ; It. roccetto, rocchetto.] A sur- 
plice ; the white, upper garment of a priest worn while 
officiating. 

ROCH'ET, 77. A fish, the roach, which see. 

RO€K, 77. [Fr. roc, or roche ; It. rocca ; Sp. roca ; Port. 
roca, rocha.] 1. A large mass of stony matter, usually 
compounded of two or more simple minerals, either bed- 
ded in the earth or resting on its surface. — 2. In Scripture, 
fguratively, defense ; means of safety ; protection ; 
strength ; asylum. 3. Firmness ; a firm or immovable 
foundation. Ps. xxvii. 4. A-species of vulture or condor. 
Encyc. 5. A fabulous bird in the Eastern tales. 

ROCK, 77. [Dan. rok ; Sw. rock ; D. rokken ; G. rocken ; It. 
rocca.] A distaff used in spinning; the staffer frame 
about which flax is arranged, froin which the thread is 
drawn in spinning. 

ROCK, 7?. t. [Dan. rokker ; G. r'ncken ,* Old Fr. roequer, or 
roqxier.] 1. To move backward and forward, as a body 
resting on a foundation. It differs from shake, as denot- 
ing a slower and more uniform motion, or larger move- 
ments. It differs from sicixig, which expresses a vibratory 
motion of something suspended. 2. To move backwards 
and forwards in a cradle, chair, &.c. 3. To lull to quiet. 

ROCK, V. i. To be moved backwards and forwards ; to reel. 

ROCK'-AL-UM, 77. The purest kind of alum. See Roche- 

ALUM. 

ROCK'-Ea-SIN, 77. A cavity or artificial basin cut in a rock 
for the purpose, as is supposed, of collecting the dew or 
rain for ablutions and purifications prescribed by the dru- 
idical religion. Grosier. 

ROCK'-BUT-TER, n. A subsulphete of alumin. 

ROCK-CRYS'TAL, 77. The most perfect variety of siliceous 
earth or quartz ; limpid quartz. 

ROCK'-DoE, 77. A species of deer. Qreic. 

ROCKED, pp. [from rock, the verb.] Moved one way and 
the other. 

ROCK'ER, 77. One who rocks the cradle ; also, the curving 
piece of wood on which a cradle or chair rocks. 

ROCK'ET,??. raket,rakette ;G.rackete.] An artificial 

fire-work, consisting of a cylindrical case of paper, filled 
with a composition of combustible ingredients, as nitre, 
charcoal and sulphur. This being tied to a stick and 
fired, ascends into the air and bursts. 

ROCK'ET, 77. [L. eruca.] A plant of the genus brassica. 

ROCK'-FISH, 77. A species of gobius. 

ROCK'I-NESS, 77. [from roc/cT/.] State of abounding with 
rocks. 

ROCK'ING, ppr. Moving backwards and forwards. 

ROCK'LESS, a. Being without rocks. Vryden. 

ROCK'-OIL, 77. Another name for petrol or petroleum. 

ROCK'-PIG-EON, 77. A pigeon that builds her nest on a 
rock. 

ROCK'-R5SE, 77. A plant of the genus cistus. 

ROCK'-RU-BY, 77. A name sometimes given to the garnet. 

ROCK'-SAIjT, 77. Fossil or mineral salt ; salt dug from the 
earth ; muriate of soda. 

ROCK'-WOOD, 77. Ligniform asbestus. Cyc. 

ROCK'-WoRK, 77. 1. Stones fixed in mortar in imitation 
of the asperities of rocks, forming a wall. 2. A natural 
wall of rock. 

RO€K'Y, a. 1. Full of rocks. 2. Resembling a rock. Mil- 
ton. 3. Very hard ; stony ; obdurate ; unsusceptible of 
impression. 

ROD, 77. [Sax. rod ; Dan. rode ,* D. roede.] 1. The shoot or 
long twig of any woody plant ; a branch, or the stem of a 
shrub. 2. An instrument of punishment or correction ; 
chastisement. 3. Discipline ; ecclesiastical censures. 1 
Cor. iv. 4. A kind of sceptre. 5. A pole for angling ; 
something long and slender. Gay. 6. An instrument for 
measuring ; but more generally, a measure of length con- 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PR£Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


ROL 


709 


ROM 


taining five yards, or sixteen feet and a half; a pole; a 
perch. — 7. In Scripture, a staff or wand. 1 Sam. xiv. 8. 
iSupport. Ps. xxiii. 9. A shepherd’s crook. Lev. xxvii. 
10. An instrument for threshing. Is. xxviii. 11. Power ; 
authority. Ps. cxxv. 12. A tribe or race. Ps. Ixxiv. — 
Rod of iron, the mighty power of Christ. Rev. xix. 
RODE, pret. of ride ; also, a cross. See Rood. 
ROD'O-MONT, n. [Fr. rodomont / It, rodomonte.] A vain 
boaster. Herbert. 

ROD'O-MONT, a. Bragging ; vainly boasting. 
ROD-O-MON-TaDE', n. [Fr. rodomontade j It. rodomon- 
tata.~\ Vain boasting ; empty bluster or vaunting ; rant. 
Drydcn. , 

ROD-O-MON-TaDE', v.i. To boast; to brag ; to bluster; 
to rant. 

ROD-O-MON-TaDTST, I n. A blustering boaster ; one that 
ROD-O-MON-TaD'OR, I brags or vaunts. 

Roe, ) n. [Sax. ra or raa, raege or lircege ; G. 

RoE'EUGK, ) rek and rclibock ; Dan. raa or raabuk ; 

Sw. riibock.] 1. A species of deer, the cervus capreolus, 
with erect, cylindrical, branched horns, forked at the sum- 
mit. 2. Roe, the female of the hart. 

RoE, ji. [G. rogen.'] The seed or spawn of fishes. 
RoE'-^TONE, 71. Called, also, oolite, which see. 
RO-Ga'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. rogatio.] 1. Litany; supplica- 
tion. — 2. In Roman jurisprudence, the demand by the 
consuls or tribunes, or a law to be passed by the people. 
RO-Ga'TION-WEEK, n. The second week before Whit- 
sunday, thus called from the three fasts observed therein ; 
viz., on Monday, Tuesday, and Wednesday, called roga- 
tion-days, because of the extraordinary prayers then made 
for the fruits of the earth, or as a preparation for the de- 
votion of the Holy Thursday. Diet. 

Rogue, (rog) n. [Sax. carg, arg ; D., G., Sw., Dan. arg.] 

1. In law, a vagrant ; a sturdy beggar ; a vagabond. 2. 
A knave ; a dishonest person ; applied to males. 3. A 
name of slight tenderness and endearment. 4. A wag. 

R6GUE, (rog) v. i. 1. To wander ; to play the vagabond ; 
[little used.] Spenser. 2. To play knavish tricks ; [little 
used.] Johnson. 

RoGU'ER-Y, 77. 1. The life of a vagrant ; [1. ?/.] Donne. 

2. Knavish tricks ; cheating ; fraud ; dishonest practices. 
Drydcn. 3. Waggery ; arch tricks ; mischievousness. 

RoGUE'SIIIP, n. The qualities or personage of a rogue. 
RoGU'lSH, a. 1. Vagrant ; vagabond ; [nearly obs.] 2. 
Knavish ; fraudulent ; dishonest. Swift. 3. Waggish ; 
wanton ; slightly mischievous. Jiddison. 

RoGU'IiSlI-LY, ado. Like a rogue ; knavishly ; wantonly. 
RoGU'ISH-NESS, n. 1. The qualities of a rogue ; knavery ; 

nnschievousness. 2. Archness ; sly cunning. 
fRoGUW, a. Knavish; wanton. Estrange. 

ROIL, V. t. [This is the Arm. brella; Fr. brouiller, embrou- 
iller It. brogliare, imbrogliare ; Sp. emlrollar ,• Port, em- 
brulhar.] 1. To render turbid by stirring up the dregs or 
sediment. 2. To excite some degree of anger ; to disturb 
the passion of resentment. [These senses are in common 
use in J\Tew England, and locally in England.] 3. To per- 
plex ; [local in England.] 

ROILED, pp. Rendered turbid or foul by disturbing the lees 
or sediment ; angered slightly ; disturbed in mind by an 
oflense. 

ROIL'ING, ppr. Rendering turbid ; or exciting the passion 
of anger. 

ROILA", a. Turbid. [A colloquial icord in jSTcio England.] 
tROlN, n. [Fr. ro^7ic.] A scab ; a scurf. Chaucer. 

ROINT. See Aroynt. 

t ROIST, \ V. i. [Arm. reustla.] To bluster ; to swag- 
t ROIST'ER, i ger ; to bully ; to be bold, noisy, vaunting 
or turbulent. Shale. 

t ROIST'ER, ) 77. A bold, blustering, turbulent fel- 
t ROIST'ER-ER, \ low. 

t ROIST'ER-LY, adv. Like a roister ; lawless ; violent. 
ROKE, ROOK, or ROAK, 77 . Mist; smoke; damp. JSTorth 
of England. 

fRoK'Y, a. [See Reek.] Misty; foggy; cloudy. Ray. 
Roll, v. t. [D., G. rollen ; Sw. rulla ; Dan. ruller ; W. 
rholiaw ; Fr. rouler.] 1. To move by turning on the sur- 
face, or with a circular motion, in which all parts of the 
surface are successively applied to a plane. 2. To re- 
v'olve ; to turn on its axis. 3. To move in a circular di- 
rection. 4. To wrap round on itself ; to form into a cir- 
cular or cylindrical body. 5. To inwrap ; to bind or 
involve in a bandage or tlie like. 6. To form by rolling 
into round masses. 7. To drive or imj)el any body with a 
circular motion, or to drive forward with violence or in a 
stream. 8. To spread with a roller or rolling pin. 9. To 
produce c periodical revolution. 10. To press or level 
witJi a roller. — To roll one’s self, to wallow. Mic. i. 
Roll, v. L l. To move by turning on the surface, or with 
the successive application of all parts of the surface to a 
plane. 2. To move, turn or run on an axis, as a wheel. 

3. To run on wheels. 4. To revolve ; to perform a peri- 
odical revolution. 5. To turn ; to move circularly. G. 


To float in rough water ; to be tossed about. 7. To move, 
as waves or billows, with alternate swells and depressions. 
8. To fluctuate ; to move tumultuously. 9. To be moved 
with violence ; to be hurled. 10. To be formed into a 
cylinder or ball. 11. To spread under a roller or rolling- 
pin. 12. "I'c wallow; to tumble. 13. To rock or move 
from side to side. 14. To beat a drum with strokes so 
rapid that they can scarcely be distinguished by the ear. 

Roll, 77. l.The act ofrolling, or state of being rolled. 2. The 
thing rolling. 3. A mass made round ; something like a ball 
or cylinder. 4. A roller ; a cylinder of wood, iron or stone. 
5. A quantity of cloth wound into a cylindrical form. G. A 
cylindrical twist of tobacco. 7. An oliicial writing ; a list ; 
a register ; a catalogue. 8 . The beating of a drum with 
strokes so rapid as scarcely to be distinguished by the ear. 
— 9. Rolls of court, of parliament, or of any public body, 
are the parchments on whicli are engrossed, by the proper 
officer, the acts and jiroceedings of that body, and which, 
being kept in rolls, constitute the records of such public 
body. — 10. In a volume ; a book consisting of 

leaf, bark, paper, skin or other material on which the an- 
cients wrote, and which, being kept rolled or folded, was 
called in Latin volumen, from volvo, to roll. 11. A chroni- 
cle ; history ; annals. 12. Part ; office ; that is, round of 
duty, like tumi ; [ 06 s.] 

Rolled, pp. IMoved by turning; formed into a round or 
cylindrical body ; leveled with a roller, ns land. 

RoLL'ER, 77 . 1. That which rolls ; that which turns on its 
own axis ; particularly , a cylinder of wood, stone or 
metal, used in husbandry and the arts. 2. A bandage ; a 
fillet ; properly, a long and broad bandage used in sur- 
gery. 3. A bird of the magpie kind, about the size of a 

jay* 

RoLL'ING, ppr. Turning over ; revolving; forming into a 
cylinder or round mass ; leveling, as land. 

RoLL'ING, 77. The motion of a ship from side to side. 

ROLL'ING-PIN, 77 . A round piece of wood, tapering at 
each end, with which paste is molded and reduced to a 
proper thickness. 

RoLL'ING-PRESS, n. An engine consisting of two cylin- 
ders, by which cloth is calendered, waved and tabbied ; 
also, an engine for taking impressions from coi>per plates ; 
also, a like engine for drawing plates of metal, <5cc. 

RoLL'Y-POOL-Y, n. [said to be from7’77// and pool, or roll, 
ball, and pool.] A game in which a ball, rolling into a 
certain place, wins. 

RoM'AGE, 77 . Bustle; tumultuous search. See Rummage. 

RO-MAL', (ro-maul') n. A species of silk handkerchief. 

RO'MAN, a. [L. Romanus, from Roma.] 1. Pertaining to 
Rome, or to the Roman people. 2. Romish; popish ; pro- 
fessing the religion of the pope. 

Ro'MAN CATH'0-L1€, as an adjective, denoting the reli- 
gion professed by the people of Rome and of Italy, at the 
head of which is the pope or bishop of Rome ; as a noun, 
one who adheres to the papal religion. 

Ro'MAN, 77 . 1. A native of Rome. 2. A citizen of Rome ; 
one enjoying the privileges of a Roman citizen. 3. One 
of the Christian church at Rome to which Paul addressed 
an epistle. 

* RO-MANCE', (ro-mans', or ro'inans) n. [Fr. roman ; It. 
romanzo ; Sp. i-omance.] L A fabulous relation or story of 
adventures and incidents, designed for the entertainment 
of readers ; a tale of extraordinary adventures, fictitious 
and often extravagant, usually a tale of love or war, sub- 
jects interesting the sensibilities of the heart, or the pas- 
sions of wonder and curiosity. — Romance differs from the 
77 £ 7 ucZ, as it treats of great actions and extraordinary ad- 
ventures ; that is, acc“ording to the Welsh signification, it 
vaults or soars beyond the limits of fact and real life, and 
often of probability. 2. A fiction. Prior. 

* RO-MANCE', (ro-mans', or ro'inans) v. i. To forge and tell 
fictitious stories ; to deal in extravagant stories. Rich- 
ards o7i. 

* RO-MAN'CER, ) 77 . 1. One who invents fictitious stories. 

*Ro'MAN-CER, ) 2. A writer of romance. 

■'^RO-MAN'CING, I pp?-. Inventing and telling fictitious 

* RO'MAN-CING, \ tales ; building castles in the air. 

RO-]MAN'CY, a. Romantic. [JV7?t proper.] 

Ro'MAN-I.?M, 77 . The tenets of the church of Rome. 

RO'x.IAN-IST, 77 . An adherent to the papal religion ; a Ro- 
man Catholic. Encyc. 

RO'MAN-IZE, V. t. 1. To Latinize ; to fill with Latin 
words or modes of speech. 2. To convert to the Roman 
Catholic religion, or to papistical opinions. 

RO'xMAN-IZE, V. i. To conform to Romish opinions, cus- 
toms or modes of speech. 

Ro'MAN-lZED, pp. Latinized. 

RO-MANSH', 77 . The language of the Grisons in Switzer- 
land, a corruption of the Latin. 

RO-MAN'Tl€, a. 1. Pertaining to romance, or resembling 
it; wild; fanciful; extravagant. 2. Improbable or chi 
merical ; fictitious. 3. Fanciful ; wild ; full of wild or 
fantastic scenery. 

RO-MAN'TI-€AL-LY, adv. Wildly ; extravagantly. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; Cll as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


ROO 


710 


ROS 


HO-Mx\N'TI€-NESS, n. 1 . Wildness ; extravagance ; fan- 
cifulness. 2 . Wildness of scenery. 

RO-MAN'ZO-VITE, n. A mineral of the garnet kind. 
KoME'PEN-NY, ) n. [Rome, and pennig^ or sceat.] A 
lloME'SGOT, \ tax of a penny on a house, formerly 
paid by the people of England to the church of Rome. 
RoM'lSH, a. Belonging or relating to Rome, or to the reli- 
gion professed by the people of Rome j catholic j popish. 
ROiM'IST, n. A papist. South, . 

ROMP, n. [a different spelling of raynp ; W. rham.'\ 1 . A 
rude girl who indulges in boisterous play. Adduon. 2 . 
Rude play or frolick. Thomson. 

ROMP, V. i. To play rudely and boisterously j to leap and 
frisk about in play. Richardson. 

ROMP'lNG,ppr. Playing rudely j as a noan, rude, boister- 
ous play. 

ROMPMSH, a. Given to rude play 3 inclined to romp. 
ROMP'l>SH-NESS, n. Disposition to rude, boisterous play 3 
or the practice of romping. Steele. 

ROM'PU, or ROM-PEE', n. [L. rujnpo.] In heraldry^ an 
ordinary that is broken, or a chevron, a bend or the like, 
whose upper points are cut off. 

ROX-DEAIJ', (ron-do') ) n. [Fr. rondeau.'\ 1 . A kind of 
ROX'DO, I poetry, commonly consisting of 

thirteen verses, of which eight have one rhyme, and five 
another. fVarton. — 2 . In music, the rondo, vocal or instru- 
mental, generally consists of three strains. 3 . A kind of 
jig or lively tune that ends with the first strain repeated. 

I llvjN'DLE, n. [from round.] A round mass. Peacham. 
t ROX'DURE, n. [Fr. rondeur.] A round 3 a circle. Shak. 
t ROXG, the old pret. andpp. ofrmo-, now rung. Chaucer. 
fRoX'IOX, (run'yun) n. [Fr. rognon.] A fat, bulky 
woman. 

R6.NT, n. An animal stinted in its growth. See Runt. 
ROOD, /;, [a different orthography of ro(/.] 1 . The fourth 
part of an acre, or forty square rods. 2 . A pole 3 a meas- 
ure of five yards 3 a rod or perch 5 [not used in America.] 
ROOD, n. [Sax. rode, or rod.] The crass 3 or an image of 
Christ, of the virgin Mary and St. John, or some other 
saint, on each side of it. 

RO(JD LOFT, n. A loft or gallery in a church, on which 
relics and images were set to view. Johnson. 

ROOD'Y, a. Coarse 3 luxuriant. Craven dialect. 

ROOF, ??. [Sax. ro/, hrof.] 1 . The cover or upper part of a 
house or other building. 2 . A vault 3 an arch 3 or the in- 
terior of a vault. 3 . The vault of the mouth 3 the upper 
part of the mouth 3 the palate. 

ROOF, V. t. 1 . To cover with a roof. 2 . To inclose in a 
house 3 to shelter. 

ROOFED, pp. Furnished or covered with a roof or arch. 
ROOF'IXG, ppr. Covering with a roof. 

ROOF'ING, n. The materials of which a roof is composed 3 
or materials for a roof. Encyc. 

ROOF'LESS, a. [Sax. rojlease.] 1 . Having no roof. 2 . 

Having no house or home 3 unsheltered . 

ROOF'Y, a. Having roofs. Dryden. 

ROOK, n. [Sax. hroc ; G. roche ; Dan. roge.] 1 . A fowl of 
the genus corvus. 2 . A cheat 3 a trickish, rapacious fel- 
low. 

ROOK, n. [It. rocco.] A common man at chess. 

ROOK, V. i. To cheat 3 to defraud. Locke. 

ROOK, V. t. To cheat 3 to defraud by cheating. Aubrey. 
ROOK, V. i. To squat. See Ruck. 

ROOK'ER-Y, n. 1 . A nursery of rooks. Pope. — 2 . In low 
language, a brothel. 

ROOK'Y, a. Inhabited by rooks 3 as, the rooky wood. 
r66m, n. [Sax., Dan., Sw. rum ; D. ruim ; G. raum.] 1 . 
Space 3 compass 3 extent of place, great or small. 2 . 
Space or place unoccupied. 3 . Place for reception or ad- 
mission of any thing. 4 . Place of another 3 stead 3 as in 
succession or substitution. 5 . Unoccupied opportunity, 
ti. An apartment in a house 3 any division separated from 
the rest by a partition. 7 . A seat. Luke x\v. — To make 
room, to open a way or pas'Page 3 to free from obstructions. 
— To make room, to open a space or place for any thing. — 
To give room, to withdraw 3 to leave space unoccupied 
for others to pass or to be seated. 

ROOM, V. i. To occupy an apartment 3 to lodge, 
t ROOM'AGE, 7J. [from roo/n.J Space 3 place. Wotton. 
ROOM'FIJL, a. Al^unding with rooms. Donne. 
ROOari-NESS, n. Space 3 spaciousness 3 large extent of 
space. 

ROOMTH, ill. and a. Space 3 spacious. Ill-formed wards, 
ROOMTH'Y, ^ and not used in the United States. 

ROOM'Y, a. Spacious 5 wide 3 large 3 having ample room. 
ROOP'Y, a. Hoarse. Craven dialect. 

ROOST, n. [Sax. hrost ; D. roest.] The pole or other sup- 
port on which fowls rest at night. Dryden. — At roost, in 
a state for rest and sleep. 

ROOST, v.i. 1 . To sit, rest or sleep, as fowls on a pole, 
tree or other thing at night. 2 . To lodge, in burlesque. 
ROOSTTNG, pyr. Sitting for rest and sleep at night. 

ROOT, n. [Dan. rod ; Sw. rot ; Ij. radix.] 1 . That part of I 
a plant which enters and fixes itself in the earth, and I 


serves to support the plant in an erect position, while, by 
means of its fibrils, it imbibes nutriment for the stem, 
branches and fruit. 2 . The part of any thing that resem- 
bles the roots of a plant in manner of growth. 3 . The 
bottom or lower part of any thing. 4 . A plant whose root 
is esculent or the most useful part 3 as beets, carrots, <k,c. 
5 . The original or cause of any thing. 6. The first ances- 
tor. Locke. — 7 . In arithmetic and algebra, the root of any 
quantity is such a quantity as, when multiplied into itself 
a certain number of times, will exactly produce that 
quantity. 8. Means of growth. — 9 . In music, the funda- 
mental note of any chord . — Root of bitterness, in Scripture, 
any error, sin or evil that produces discord or immorality. 
— To take root, lo become planted or fixed 3 or to be estab- 
lished. — To take deep root, to be firmly planted or estab- 
lished 3 to be deeply impressed, 

ROOT, V. i. 1 , To fix the root 3 to enter the earth, as roots. 
2 .* To be firmly fixed 3 to be established. 3 . To sink deep, 

ROOT, V. t. 1 . To plant and fix deep in the earth 3 used 
chiefly in the participle. 2 . To plant deeply 3 to impress 
deeply and durably. 

ROOT, V. i. or t. [Sax. wrot, wrotan ; D.wroeten , G. reuten ; 
ban. roder ; Sw. rota.] To turn up the earth with the 
snout, as swine. — To root up or out, to eradicate 3 to ex- 
tirpate 3 to remove or destroy root and branch 3 to extermi- 
nate. 

ROOT'-BOUXD, a. Fixed to the earth by roots, Jlilton. 

ROOT '-BUILT, a. Built of roots. Shenstone. 

r6oT'ED, pp. Having its roots planted or fixed in theeaj th 3 
iience, fixed 3 deep 3 radical. 

ROOT'ED-LY, adv. Deeply 3 from the heart. Shak. 

ROOT ER, 71 . One that roots 3 or one that tears up by the 
roots. 

ROOT'-HOUSE, 71 . A house made of roots. Dodsley. 

R 06 T'ING, ppr. Striking or taking root 3 turning up with 
the snout. 

ROQT'-I>eAF, n. A leaf growing immediately from the 
root. Martijn. 

ROOT'LET, n. A radicle 3 the fibrous part of a root. 

ROOT'Y, a. Full of roots 3 as, rooty ground. Adams. 

RO-PAL'I€, a. [Gr. porraXov, a club.] Clubformed 3 in- 
creasing or swelling towards the end. 

ROPE, 7t. [Sax. 7-ap; Sw. rep; Dan. reeft ; W,rIiof; Ir. 
7 'opa, roibin.] 1 . A large string or line composed of sever- 
al strands twisted together. 2 . A row or string consisting 
of a number of things united. 3 . Ropes, [Sax. roj/p/i.s,] 
the intestines of birds . — Rope of sand, proverbially, feeble 
union or tie 3 a band easily broken. 

ROPE, V. i. To draw out or extend into a filament or thread, 
by means of any glutinous or adhesive quality. 

RoPE'-BAX"D. SeelloBBiN. 

RoPE'-DAN-CER, n. [rope and da 7 icer.] One that walks 
on a rope suspended. Addison. 

RoPE'-LAD-DER,7i. A ladder made of ropes. 

RoPE'-MaK-ER, 71 . One whose occupation is to make 
ropes or cordage. 

RoPE'-MaK-ING, 71. The art or business of manufacturing 
ropes or cordage. 

RoP'ER-Y, n. 1 . A place where ropes are made. 2 . A trick 
that deserves the halter. Shak. 

RoPE'TRIUK, 71 . A trick that deserves the halter. Shak. 

RoPE'WALK, 71 . Along covered walk, or a long building 
over smooth ground, where ropes are manufactured. 

RoPE'-YARX, n. Yarn for ropes, consisting of a single 
thread. 

RO'PI-NESS, n. Stringiness, or aptness lo draw out in a 
string or thread without breaking, as of glutinous substan- 
ces 3 viscosity 3 adhesiveness. 

RoP'Y, a. Stringy 3 adhesive 3 that may be drawn mto a 
thread 3 viscous 3 tenacious 3 glutinous. 

* ROQ,'UE-LAUR, n. [from Fr. 3 Dan. rokkelor.] A cloak 
for men. Gay. 

RO'RAL, a. [L. roralis.] Pertaining to dew, or consisting 
of dew 3 dewy. Green. 

t RO-Ra'TION, n. [L. roratio.] A falling of dew'. Diet. 

RO'RID, a. [L. rorid 7 is.] Dewy. Granger. 

RO-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. 7-os and/cro.] Generating or pro- 
ducinc dew. Diet. 

t RO-RIF'LU-ENT, a. [L. ros and ftuo.] Flowing with 
dew. Diet. 

RO-Sa'CEOUS, a. [L. rosaceus.) Rose-like 3 composed of 
several petals, arranged in a circular form. 

RO'SA-RY, 71. [L. rosariuin.] 1 . Abed of roses, or place 
where roses grow. 2 . A chaplet. 3 . A string of beads 
used by Roman Catholics, on which they count their 
pniyers. 

RO-SAS'I€, a. The rososic acid is obtained from the urine 
of persons affected with intermitting and nervmus fevers. 

fROS'CID, a. [L. roscidus.] Dewy 3 containing dew, or 
consistimr of dew. Bacon. 

ROSE,7i. [Fr. rose ; L., It., Sp. rosa; G., Dan. rose.] 1 . A 
plant and flower of the genus rosa, of many species and 
varieties. 2 . A knot of ribbon in the form of a rose, used 
as an ornamental tie of a shoe. — U 7 ulcr the rose, in secret 3 


* Fi 


See Synopsis, a, E, T, o, U, Y, Jorg.-VAn, FALT., WHAT 3— PR 5 Y 3— PIN, MARINE, BiRD 3- 


t Obsolete. 


ROT 


711 


ROU 


privately ; in a manner that forbids disclosure . — Rose of 
Jericho, a plant growing on tlie plain of Jericho. 

ROSE, pret. of rise. 

Ro'SE-AL, a. [L. roseir^.] Like arose in smell or color. 

*RO'SE-ATE, (ro'zhe-at) a. [Fr. rosat.'] 1 . Rosy 3 full of 
roses. 2 . Blooming 3 of a rose color. Boyle. 

RoSE'BAY, 71 . A plant, the neriiun oleander. 

RoSED, a. Crimsoned 3 flushed. Shak. 

ROSE'GALL, n._ An excrescence on the dog-rose. 

RoSE'-MAL-LoW, n. A plant of the genus alcea. 

ROSE'MA-KY, 71 . [L. rosmarinus.] A verticillate plant of 
the geims rosmarinus. 

ROSECV<^>BLE, 71 . An ancient English gold coin, stamped 
with the figure of a rose, first struck in the reign of Ed- 
ward III. and current at 6s. 8d., or, according to Johnson, 
at 16 shillings. 

RoSE/-Q,UAitTZ, n. A subspecies of quartz. 

RoSE'-ROOT, 71 . A plant of the genus rhodiola. 

RO'SET, n.’ [I’r. rosette.] A red color used by painters. 

RoSE'-VV^A-TER, n. Water tinctured with roses by distil- 
lation. Kncyc. 

RoSE'-WOOD, n. A plant or tree of the genus aspalathus, 
growing In warm climates. 

ROS-I-GRU ClAN, 71 . [L. ros and crux.] The Rosicrucians 
were a sect or cabal of hermetical philosophers, or rather 
fanatics, who sprung up in Germany in the fourteenth 
century, and made great pretensions to science 3 and, 
among other things, pretended to be masters of the secret 
of the philosopher’s stone. 

ROS-I-€RC'CIAN, a. Pertaining to the Rosicrucians, or 
their arts. Hudibras. 

f RO'SIER, (10 zhur) «. [Fr.l A rose-bush. Spenser. 

ROS'IN, n. [This is only a different orthography of resin ; 
ir.roisin', Ft. resine', F. resina. See Resin.] 1 . Inspis- 
sated turpentine, a juice of the pine. 2 . Any inspissated 
matter of vegetables that dissolves in spirit of wine. 

ROS IN, V. t. To rub with rosin. Gay. 

RO'SI-NESS, n. The quality of being rosy, or of resembling 
the color of the rose. Davenant. 

ROS'IN-Y, a. Like rosin, or partaking of its qualities. 

ROS'LAND, 77. [W’’. rhos, peat, or a moor.] Heathy land 3 
land full of ling 3 moorish or watery land. 

ROS'PO, 77. A fish of Mexico, perfectly round. 

ROSS, 71 . [qu. G. The rough, scaly matter on the 

surface of the bark of certain trees. J\Tew England. 

ROSS'EL, n. Light land. [A'of. used in .America.] 

t ROSS'EL-LY, a. Loose 5 light. Mortimer. 

ROS'SET, 71 . The large ternate bat. 

ROS'SIG-NOL, 77. [Fr. 3 It. r7?s7>777mZo.] The nightingale. 

ROS'TEL, 77. [L. rostellam.] In botany, the descending plane 
part of the corcle or heart, in the first vegetation of a seed. 

ROS'TER, 77. In military affairs, a plan or table by which 
the duty of officers is regulated. — In Massachusetts, a list 
of the officers of a division, brigade, regiment or battalion. 

ROS'TRAL, <z. [lu. rostrum.] 1 . Resembling the beak of a 
ship. 2 . Pertaining to the beak. 

ROS'TRATE, ) a. [L. rostratus.] 1 . In botany, beaked 3 

ROS'TRA-TED, \ having a process resembling the beak 
of a bird. 2 . Furnished or adorned with beaks. 

ROS'TRUM, 77. [L.] 1 . The beak or bill of a bird. 2 . 

The beak or head of a ship. — 3 . In ancient Rome, a scaf- 
fold or elevated place in the fomm, where orations, plead- 
ings, funeral harangues, <fcc. were delivered. 4 . The 
pipe which conveys the distilling liquor into its receiver, 
in the common alembic. 5 . A crooked pah' of scissors, 
used by surgeons for dilating wounds. 

RO'SY, a. 1 . Resembling a rose 3 blooming 3 red 3 blushing 3 
charming. 2 . Made in the form of a rose. 

ROT, 7\ 7. [Sax. rotian; D. rotten; Sw. rota.] To lose 
the natural cohesion and organization of parts, as animal 
and vegetable substances 5 to be decomposed and resolved 
into its original component parts by the natural process, 
or the gradual operation of heat and air 5 to putrefy. 

ROT, V. t. To make putrid 5 to cause to be decomposed by 
the natural operation of air and heat 3 to bring to corrup- 
tion. 

ROT 77. 1 . A fatal distemper incident to sheep, usually 
supposed to be owing to wet seasons and moist pastures. 
2 . Putrefaction 3 putrid decay. — 3 . Dry rot, in timber, the 
decay of the wood without the access of water. 

Ro'TA, 77. [L. rota W. rhod.] 1 . An ecclesiastical court 
of Rome, composed of twelve prelates, — 2 . In English 
history, a club of politicians^ who, in the time of Charles 
I. contemplated an equal government by rotation. 

Ro'TA-LITE, 77. A genus of fossil shells. 

RO'TA-RY, a. [L. rota ; W. rhod ,* Sp. rueda ; Port, roda.] 
Turning, as a wheel on its axis. 

Ro'TATE, a. In botany, wheel-shaped 3 monopetalous, 
spreading flat, without a tube. 

RO'TA-TED, a. [L. rotatus.] Turned round, as a wheel. 

RO-Ta'TION, 77. [L. rotaiio.] 1 . The act of turning, as 
a wheel or solid body on its axis, as distinguished from the 
progressive motion of a body revolving round another 
body or a distant point. 2 . Vicissitude of succession. 


RO'TA-TIVE, a. Turning, as a wlieel 3 rotatory. {L. u.] 

RO-Ta'TO-PLANE, a. In botany, wheel-shaped and nal, 
without a tube. Lee. 

RO-Ta'TOR, 77. [L.] That which gives a circular or roll 
mg motion 5 a muscle producing a rolling motion. 

RO'TA-TO-RY, a. \f tom rotator .] 1. Turning on an axis, 

as a wheel 3 rotary. 2 . Going in a circle 3 following in 
succession. 

t ROTE, 77. [a contraction of crcTcd, W. crwth, Ir. cruit.] 
A kind of violin or harp. 

ROTE, 77. [L. rota.] Properly, a round of words 3 frequent 
repetition of words or sounds, without attending to the 
signification, or to principles and rules 3 a practice that im- 
presses words in the memory without an effort of the 
understanding, and without the aid of rules. 

ROTE, V. t. To fix in the memory by means of frequent 
repetition, without an effort of the understanding to com- 
prehend what is repeated. [Little used.] Shuk. 

ROTE, V. i. To go out by rotation or succession. [Little 

lIrSCd J 

ROTH'ER-BeASTS, 77. [Sax. hrythcr.] Cattle of the bo- 
vine genus. Golding. 

ROTH'ER-NaILS, 77. [corrupted from rudfZcr-TiazVs.] Among 
shipwrights, nails with very full heads, used for fastening 
the rudder-irons of ships. 

ROTH'OF-FITE, n. A variety of grenate, brown or black. 

RO'TO-CO, 77. An eastern weight of bibs. Entick. 

ROT'TEN, (rotn) a. [Sw. rutten.] ]. Putrid 3 carious 5 
decomposed by the natural process of decay. 2 . Not firm 
or trusty 3 unsound 3 defective in principle 3 treacherous 3 
deceitful. 3 . Defective in substance 3 not sound or hard. 
4 . Fetid 3 ill-smelling. 

ROT'TEN-NESS, n. State of being decayed or putrid 3 ca- 
riousness 3 putrefaction 3 unsoundness. 

ROT'TEN-STOxNE, 77. A soft stone or mineral. 

RO-TUND', <7. [L. rotundus.] 1 . Round 3 circular 3 spher- 
ical. — 2 . In botany, circumscribed by one unbroken curve, 
or without angles. 

RO-TUND-I-FO'LI-OUS, a. [L. rotundus and folium.] 
Having round leaves. 

RO-TCND'I-T Y, 77. Roundness 3 sphericity 5 circularity. 

RO-TUND O, 77. [It. rotondo.] A round building 3 any 
building that is round both on the outside and inside. 

ROU'COU, (roo'koo) n. A substance used in dyeing 3 the 
same as anotta. 

ROUGE, (roozh) a. [Fr.] Red. Davies. 

ROUGE, (roozh) n. Red paint 3 a substance used for paint- 
ing the cheeks. 

ROUGE, V. i. To paint the face, or rather the cheeks. 

ROUGE, V. t. To paint or tinge with red paint. 

ROUGH, (ruf ) a. [Sax. hreog, hrcoh, hriig, reok, rug, ruh, 
href, hreof; D. ruig.] 1 . Having inequalities, small ridges 
or points on the surface 3 not smooth or plane. 2 . Stony 3 
abounding with stones and stumps. 3 . Not wrought or 
polished. 4 . Thrown into huge waves 3 violently agi- 
tated. 5 . Tempestuous 3 stormy 3 boisterous. 6. Aus- 
tere to the taste 3 harsh. 7 . Harsh to the ear 3 grating 3 
jarring 3 unharmonious. 8. Rugged of temper 3 severe 3 
austere 3 rude 3 not mild or courteous. 9 . Coarse in man- 
ners 3 rude. 10 . Harsh; violent 3 not easy. 11. Harsh 3 
severe 3 uncivil. 12 . Hard-featured 3 not delicate. 13 . 
Terrible ; dreadful. 14 . Rucged 3 disordered in appear- 
ance 3 coarse. 15 . Hairy 3 shaggy 3 covered with hairs, 
bristles and the like. 

ROUGH'-€aST, (rufka-St) v. t. [rough and cast.] 1 . To 
form in its first rudiments, without revision, correction 
and polish. 2 . To mold without nicety or elegance, or to 
form with asperities. 3 . To cover with a mixture of 
plaster and shells or pebbles. 

ROUGH'-CaST, (ruP-kast) 77. 1 . A rude model ; the form 
of a thing in its first rudiments, unfinished. 2 . A plaster 
with a mixture of shells or lobbies, used for covering 
buildings. 

ROUGH -DRAUGHT, (ruP-draft) 77. A draught in its rudi- 
ments 3 a draught not perfected 3 a sketch. 

ROUGH'-DRAW, (ruP-draw) v. t. To draw or delineate 
coarsely. L>ryden. 

ROUGH'DR AVVN, (ruP-drawn)pp. Coarsely drawn. 

ROUGH'ENj (ruf n) v. t. [from rough.] To make rough. 

ROUGH'EN, (ruf n) v. i. To grow or become rough. 

ROUGH'-FOOT-ED, (ruf-fut-ed) a. Feather-footed. 

ROUGH'-HEW, (ruP-hu) iit. [rough and hew.] 1. To 
hew coarsely without smoothing. 2 . To give the first 
form or shape to a thing. 

ROUGH -HEWN, (ruP-hune) pp. or a. 1 . Hewn coarsely 
without smoothing. 2 . Rugged 3 unpolished ; of coarse 
manners 3 rude. 3 . Unpolished 3 not nicely finished. 

ROUGHTNGS, (rufingz) n. Grass after mowing or reaping. 
[Local.] 

ROUGH'LY, (rufly) 77<Zi'. 1 . With uneven surface 3 with 
asperities on the surface. 2 . Harshly 3 uncivilly ; rudely 
3 . Severely 3 without tenderness. 4 . Austerely to the 
taste. 5 . Boisterously ; tempestuously. 6. Harshly to tho 
ear. 7 . Violently 3 not gently. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 3— BULL, UNITE.— C as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this. ^Obsolete 


ROU 


712 


ROW 


ROUGH NESS, (rufnes) n. 1. Unevenness of surface, oc- 
casioned by small prominences ; asperity of surface. 2. 
Austereness to the taste. 3. Taste of astringency. 4, 
Jiarshness to the ear. 5. Ruggedness of temper j harsh- 
ness ; austerity. 6. Coarseness of manners or behavior j 
rudeness. 7. Want of delicacy or refinement. 8. Severi- 
ty harshness or violence of discipline. 9. Violence of 
operation in medicines. 10. Unpolished or unfinished 
state. 11. Inelegance of dress or appearance. 12. Tem- 
pestuousness ; boisterousness ; as of winds or weather. 
13. Violent agitation by wind. 14. Coarseness of features. 

ROUGII-RiD'-ER,n. One that breaks horses for riding. 

ROUGH'-SHOD, (ruf sliod) a. Shod with shoes armed with 
points, 

fROUGHT, for raught ; pret. of reach. Shak. 

ilOUGH'-WoRK, (ruf wurk) v. t. To work over coarsely, 
without regard to nicety, smoothness or finish. 

ROUGH -WROUGHT, (rufrawt) a. Wrought or done 
coarsely. 

ROU-LEAU'j (roo-l6') n. [Fr.] A little roll ; a roll of guin- 
eas in paper. Pope. 

t ROUN, V. i. [G. raunen ; Sax. runian.] To wliisper. 

|ROUN, V. t. To address in a whisper. Bret. 

ROUNCE, (rouns) n. The handle of a printing press. 

ROUN'CE-VAL, n. [from Sp. Roiicesvalles.] A variety of 
pea, so called. Tiisser. 

ROUN'-TREE, or RoAN^-TREE, n. The mountain-ash. 

ROUND, a. [Fr. rond ; It., Sp., Port, ronda.] 1. Cylindri- 
cal ; circular ; spherical or globular. 2. Full ; large. 3. 
Full 5 smooth j flowing j not defective or abrupt. 4. 
Plain ; open j candid j fair. 5. Full ; quick ; brisk. 6. 
Full ; plump ; bold ; positive . — .d round mimber is a 
number that ends with a cipher, and may be divided by 
10 without a remainder. 

ROUND, n. 1. A circle j a circular thing, or a circle in mo- 
tion. 2. Action or performance in a circle, or passing 
through a series of hands or things, and coming to the 
point of beginning ; or the time of such action. 3^ Rota- 
tion in office ; succession in vicissitude. 4. A rimdle 5 
the step of a ladder. 5. A walk performed by a guard or 
an officer round the rampart of a garrison, or among sen- 
tinels, to see that the sentinels are faithful and all things 
safe. 6. A dance ; a song ; a roundelay, or a species of 
fugue. 7. A general discharge of fire-arms by a body of 
troops, in which each soldier fires once . — A round of car- 
triges and balls, or>8 cartridge to each man. 

ROUND, adv. 1. On all sides. 2. Circularly ; in a circular 
form. 3. From one side or party to another. 4. Not in 
a direct line ; by a course longer than the direct course. — 
All round, in commo7i speech, denotes over the whole place, 
or in every direction. 

ROUND, prep. 1. On every side of 5 as, the people stood 
round him. 2. About ; in a circular course, or in all parts 
as, to go round the city. 3. Circularly ; about. — To come 
or get round one, in popular language, is to gain advantage 
over one by flattery or deception ; to circumvent. 

ROUND, V. t. To make circular, spherical or cylindrical. 
2. To surround ; to encircle ; to encompass. 3. To form 
to the arch or figure of the section ot a circle. 4. To 
move about any thing. 5. To make full, smooth and 
flowing. — To round in, among seamen, to pull upon a slack 
rope, which passes through one or more blocks in a direc- 
tion nearly horizontal. 

ROUND, V. i. 1. To grow or become round. 2. To go 
round. — To round to, in sailing, is to turn the head of the 
ship towards the wind. 

[ROUND, rj.E [a corruption of rounj Sax. rimian G. 
raiinen.] To whisper. Bacon. 

ROUND'A-BOUT, a. [round and a&owt.] I. Indirect ; going 
round ; loose. 2. Ample ; extensive. 3. Encircling j 
encompassing. 

ROUND'A-BOUT, n. A large strait coat. 

ROUND'EL, ROUND'E-LAY, or ROUND'O, n. [Fr. 
rondclet.^ 1. A sort of ancient poem, consisting of thir- 
teen verses, of which eight are in one kind of rhyme, and 
five in another. 2. [Fr. rondelle.] A round form or 
figure ; [o/>s.] 

fROUND'ER, n. Circumference; inclosure. 

ROUNDTIEAD, n. [round and head.] A name formerly 
given to a Puritan, from the practice which prevailed 
among the Puritans of cropping the hair round. Spectator. 

ROUND' HEAD-ED, a. Having a round head or top. 

ROUND'HOUSE, n. 1. A constable’s prison ; the prison to 
secure persons taken up by the night watch, till they can 
be examined by a magistrate. Encyc. — ^2. In a ship of war, 
a certain necessary near the head, for the use of particu- 
lar officers. — 3. In large merchant-men and ships of war, a 
cabin or apartment in the after part of the quarter-deck, 
having the poop for its roof; sometimes called the 
coach . 

ROUNDTNGjppr. 1. Making round or circular. 2. Making 
full, flowing and smooth. 

ROUND'ING, u, Round or roundish ; nearly round. 

ROUND'ING, n. Among seamen, o\Cl ropes wound about the 


part of the cable which lies in the hawse, or athwart the 
stem, to prevent its chafing. 

ROUND'ISH, a. Somewhat round ; nearly round. 

ROUND'ISH-NESS, n. The state of being roundish. 

ROUND'LET, n. A little circle. Gregory. 

ROUND'LY, ado. 1. In a round form or manner. 2. Open- 
ly ; boldly ; without reserve ; peremptorily. 3. Plainly ; 
fully. 4. Briskly ; with speed. 5. Completely ; to the 
purpose ; vigorously ; in earnest. 

ROUND'NESS, n. 1. The quality of being round, circular, 
spherical, globular or cylindrical ; circularity ; sphericity ; 
cylindrical form ; rotundity. 2. Fullness ; smoothness of 
flow. 3. Openness ; plainness ; boldness ; positiveness. 

ROUND'RIDGE, v. t. [roujid and ridge.] In ullage, to 
form round ridges by ploughing. Edioards, W. Indies. 

ROUND'ROB-IN, n. [Fr. rond and ruban. Todd.] A writ- 
ten petition, memorial or remonstrance signed by namen 
in a ring or circle. Forbes. 

ROUNDS, plu. I. See Round, w. No. 5. 2. Round-top; 
see Top. 

ROUSE, (rouz) v. t. [This w'ord, written also arouse, seems 
to belong to the family cf raise or rush. See Raise.] 1. To 
wake from sleep or repose. Oen. xlix. 2. To excite to 
thought or action from a state of idleness, languor, stupid- 
ity or inattention. 3. To put into action; to~ agitate. 4, 
To drive a beast from his den or place of rest. 

ROUSE, V. i. 1. To awake from sleep or repose. 2. To be 
excited to thought or action from a state of indolence, 
sluggishness, languor or inattention. 

ROUSE, V. i. In seamen’s langxiage, to pull together upon 
a cable, &c. without the assistance of tackles. 

[ROUSE, r?. [D. ; G. raiisc/n] A full glass of liquor ; 

a bumper in honor of a health. Shak. 

ROUSED, pp. Awakened from sleep ; excited to thought 
or action. 

ROUS'ER, n. One that rouses or excites. 

ROUS'ING, ppr. 1. Awaking from sleep ; exciting ; calling 
into action. 2. a. Having power to awaken or excite. 
3. Great ; violent ; [?;M/^ar.j 

ROUT, n. [G. rotte ; D. roti Dan. rode.] 1. A rabble ; a 
clamorous multitude ; a tumultuous crowd. — 2. In law, a 
rout is where three persons or more meet to do an unlaw- 
ful act upon a common quarrel, as forcibly to break down 
fences on a right claimed of common or of way, and make 
some advances towards it. 3. A select company ; a party 
for gaming. 

ROUT, n. [Fr. deroute', It. rotta.] The breaking or de- 
feat of an army or band of troops, or the disorder and 
confusion of troops thus defeated and put to flight. 

ROUT, V. t. To break the ranks of troops and put them to 
flight in disorder ; to defeat and throw into confusion. 

t ROUT, V. i. To assemble in a clamorous and tumultuous 
crowd. Bacon. 

* ROUT, I ( 71. [Fr. route ; 8p. rauta ; Arm. roud ; W. 

ROUTE, I • ( rhatcd.] The course or way which is 

traveled or passed, or to be passed ; a passing ; a course ; 
a march. 

t ROUT, V. i. [Sax. hrutanA To snore. Chaucer. 

I ROUT, V. t. [for root.] To turn up the ground with the 
snout ; to search. 

RoU-TINE', (roo-teen') 71. [Fr.] 1. A round of business, 

amusements or pleasure, daily or frequently pureued ; 
particularly, a course of business or official duties, regu- 
larly or frequently returning. 2. Any regular habit or 
practice not accommodated to circumstances. 

ROVE, V. i. [Dan. rover Sw. rofva.] To wander ; to 
ramble ; to range ; to go, move or pass without certain 
direction in any manner, by walking, riding, flying or 
otherwise. 

ROVE, V. t. To wander over ; as, roving a field. 

ROVE, V. t. [qu. recre.] To draw a thread, string or cord 
through an eye or aperture. 

RoV'ER, 71. 1. A wanderer ; one who rambles about. 2. 
A fickle or inconstant person. 3. A robber or pirate ; 
a freebooter. — At rovers, without any particular aim ; at 
random. 

RoVTNG, ppr. Rambling; wandering; passing a cord 
through an eye. 

Row, 71. [Sax. raica G. reihe; D. rei.] A series of per- 
sons or things arranged in a continued line ; a line ; a 
rank ; a file. Milton. 

ROW, n. A riotous noise; a drunken debauch. [A low 
word.] 

Row, V. t. [Sax. rowan, reowan Sw'. ro ; Dan. roer.] 1. 
To impel, as a boat or vessel along the surface of water 
by oars. 2. To transport by row'ing. 

Row, V. i. To labor with the oar ; as, to roio well. 

t RoW'A-BLE, a. Capable of being rowed or rowed upon. 

Rowed, pp. Driven by oars. 

ROW'EL, /?. [Old Fr. rouelle.] 1. The little wheel of a 
spur, formed with sharp points. — 2. Among /arricrs, a roll 
of hair or silk, used as an issue on horses, answering to a 
seton in surgery. 3. A little flat ring or wheel of plate or 
iron on horses’ bits. 


^ See Sijnopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.—FXU, FALL, WHAT ;— PR^Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; 


t Obsolete. 


RUB 


713 


RUD 


ROW'EL, V. L To insert a rowel in ; to pierce the skin and 
keep open the wound by a rowel. 

ROW'EiV) 7^. 1. A field kept up till after Michaelmas, that 
the corn left on the ground may sprout into green. Motes 
on Tusser. — 2. In Mew England, the second growth of 
grass in a season. 

RoW'ER, n. One that rows or manages an oar in rowing. 

RoW'lNG, ppr. Impelling, as a boat by oars. 

ROW'LEY-RAGG. See Raog. 

RoW'-LOGK, 71. That part of a boat’s gunwale on which 
the oar rests in rowing. Mar. Diet. 

RoVV'-PoRT, 71. A little square hole in the side of small 
vessels of war, near the surface of the water, for the use 
of an oar for rowing in a calm. 

ROYAL, a. [Fr. royal', It. reale; Sp., Port, real.'] 1. 
Kingly; pertaining to a king; regal. 2. Becoming a 
king ; magnificent. 3. Noble ; illustrious. 

RO Y'AL, n. 1. A large kind of paper. It is used as a noun 
or an adjective. — 2. Among seamen, a small sail spread 
immediately above the top-gallant-sail ; sometimes termed 
the top-gallant-royal. 3. One of the shoots of a stag’s 
head. — 4. In artillery, a small mortar. — 5. In England, 
one of the soldiers of the first regiment of foot, called the 
royals, and supposed to be the oldest regular corps in Eu- 
rope. 

ROY'AL-ISM, n. Attachment to the principles or cause of 
royalty, or to a royal government. Madison. 

ROY'AL-IST, 71. An adherent to a king, or one attached to 
a kingly government. Waller. 

ROY'AL-lZE, 77. t. To make royal. Shall. 

ROY'AL-LY, adv. In a kingly manner; like a king; as 
becomes a king. Dryden. 

ROY'AL-TY, 71. [Fr. royaiitd; It. realtd.] 1. Kingship; 
the character, state or office of a king. — 2. Royalties, plu. 
emblems of royalty; regalia. 3. Rights of a king ; pre- 
rogatives. 

f ROYNE, V. t. [Fr. rogner.l To bite ; to gnaw. 

fROYN'ISH, a. [Fr. rogneux. ; Sp. ronoso ; It. rognoso.~\ 
Mean ; paltry ; as, the roynish clown. Shah. 

f ROY'TEL-ET, 77. [Vv. roitelet.~\ A little king. Ileylin. 

fROY'TlSH, a. Wild; irregular. Beaumont. 

RUB, V. t. [W. rhwhiaio.] J. To move something along 
the surface of a body Avith pressure. 2. To wipe; to 
clean ; to scour. 3. To touch so as to leave behind some- 
thing which touches ; to spread over. 4. To polish ; to 
retouch ; with over. 5. To obstruct by collision ; [unu- 
sual.] Shah . — To rub down, to clean by rubbing ; to comb 
or curry, as a horse. — To rub off, to clean any thing by 
rubbing ; to separate by friction. — To rub out. 1. To erase ; 
to oblitemte. 2. To remove or separate by friction. — To 
r/ 7/7 77 ^( 777 , to touch hard. Sidney. — To rub up. 1. To bur- 
nish ; to polish ; to clean. 2. To excite ; to awaken ; to 
rouse to action. 

RUB, V. i. 1. To move along the surface of a body with 
pressure. 2. To fret ; to chafe. 3. To move or pass 
with difficulty. 

RUB, 77 . 1. The act of rubbing; friction. 2. That which 
renders motion or progress difficult; collision; hinder- 
ance ; obstruction. 3. Inequality of ground that hinders 
the motion of a bowl. 4. Difficulty ; cause of uneasi- 
ness ; pinch. 5. Sarcasm ; joke ; something grating to 
the feelings. 

RUB, or RUB'-STONE, n. [rub and stone.] A stone, usu- 
ally some kind of sandstone, used to sharpen instruments ; 
a whetstone. 

t RUB'BAGE, t RUB'BIDGE, or f RUB'BLE, for rubbish, 
vulgar and not used. 

RUB'BER, 77. 1. One that rubs. 2. The instrument or 
thing used in rubbing or cleaning. 3. A coarse file, or 
the rough part of it. 4. A whetstone ; a rubstone. — 5. In 
gaming, two games out of three ; or the game that decides 
the contest ; or a contest consisting of three games. — Itidia 
rubber, elastic resin, or caoutchouc, a substance produced 
from the syringe-tree of South America ; a substance re- 
markably pliable and elastic. 

RUB'BISH, 77. 1. Fragments of buildings ; broken or imper- 
fect pieces of any structure ; ruins. 2. Waste or reject- 
ed matter; any thing worthless. 3. Mingled mass ; con- 
fusion. 

RUB'BLE-STONE, n. A stone, so called from its being 
rubbed and worn by water ; gray wacke. 

RU-BE-Fa'CIENT, a. [L. rubefacio.] Making red. 

IIU-BE-FA'CIENT, n. In medicine, a substance or external 
application which excites redness of the skin. 

RU'BEL-LITE, n. [from L. rubeus.] A silicious mine- 
ral of a red color of various shades ; the red shorl ; siberite. 

RU-BES'CENT, 77 . [\j. rubescens, rubesco.] Growing or be- 
coming red ; tending to a red color. 

Ru'BI-€AN, a. [Fr.; L. rubeo.] Rublcan color of a horse 
is a bay, sorrel or black, with a light gray or white upon 
the fianks, but the gray or white not predominant there. 

RU'BI-CEL, 77 . ..[L. rubeo.] A gem or mineral, a variety of 
ruby of a reddish color, from Brazil. 

Ru'BI-€UND, a. [L. rubicundus.] Inclining to redness. 


t RU-BDUUNDT-TY, 77. Disposition to redness* 

RU'BIED, a. Red as a ruby ; as, a rubied lip. 

RU-BIF'IG, a. [L. ruber and facia.] Making red. 
RU*BI-FI-€a'TION, 77. The act of making red. 
RU'BI-FORM, a. [L. ruber and form.] Having the form of 
red. Mewton. 

RU'BLFY, 77. t. [1j. ruber and f ado,] To make red. [L.u.] 
RU-Bl'GO, 77, Mildew ; a rust which appears on the leaves 
and stems of plants, consisting of a small fungus, 
t Ru'BI-OUS, a. [L,. rubeus,] Red; ruddy. Shak, 
RU'BLE, (roo'bl) n. [Russ., from rublyu.] A silver coin of 
Russia, of the value of about fifty-seven cents. 

RU'BRIG, 77. [Fr. rubrique; L., It., Sp. rubrica.] 1. In 
the canon law, a title or article in certain ancient law 
books ; so called because written in red letters. 2. Direc- 
tions printed in prayer books. 

RC'BRIU, V. t. To adorn with red. 

RU'BRIU, ) 

RU'BRI-CAL, S 

RU'BRI-€AL, a. Placed in rubrics. 

RU'BRI-€ATE, v. t. [L. rubricatus.] To mark or distin- 
guish with red. Herbert. 

RU'BRI-€ATE, a. Marked with red. Spelman. 

RU'BY, 77. [Fr. rub is ; S>p. rubi ; Fort, rubi, rubim ; lt.ru- 
bino.] 1. A precious stone ; a mineral of a carmine-red 
color. 2. Redness ; red color. 3. Any thing red. 4. 
A blain ; a blotch; a carbuncle. — Ruby of arsenic or sul- 
phur is tiie realgar, or red combination of arsenic and sul- 
phur. Micholson. — Ruby of link is the red blend. — Rock 
ruby, the amethystizontes of the ancients, is the most 
valued species of garnet. 

RU'BY, V. t. To make red. Pope. 

RU'BY, a. Of the color of the ruby ; red ; as, ruby lips. 
RU€K, V. t. [L. rugo.] 1. To cower; to bend and set 
close ; [o&s.] Gower. 2. To wrinkle. 

RUCK, 77. A wrinkle ; a fold ; a plait. 

RUC-Ta'TION, 77. [L. ructo.] The act of belching wind 
from the stomach. 

t RUD, to make red, used by Spenser, is a dilTerent spelling 
of red. See Ruddy. 

RUD, 77. [Sax. 7 - 77 de.] 1. Redness ; blush ; also, red ochre. 

2. The fish rudd. 

RUDD, 77. [probably from red, ruddy.] A fish. 
ilUD'DER, 77. [G. ruder ; Sax. rother.] 1. In navigation, 
the instrument by which a ship is steered ; that part of 
the helm which consists of a piece of timber, broad at the 
bottom, which enters the water and is attached to the 
stern-post by hinges, on which it turns. 2. That which 
guides or governs the course. 3. A sieve ; [local.] 
RUD'DER-PERCH, n. A small fish. Catesby. 
RUD'DI-NESS, 77. The state of being ruddy; redness, or 
rather a lively flesh color ; that degree of redness which 
characterizes high health ; applied chiefly to the complex- 
ion or color of the human skin. 

RUD'DLE, 77. [W. rhuzell.] The name of a species of chalk 
or red earth, colored by iron. Woodward. 
RUD'DLE-MAN, n. One who digs ruddle. 

RUD'DOG, 77. [Sax. rudduc.] A bird. 

RUD'DY, a. [Sax. rude, riidu, read ; D. rood ; G. roth.] 1. 
Of a red color; of a lively flesh color, or the color of the 
human skin in high health. 2. Of a bright yellow color ; 


[ 77 rt 77 S 77 aZ.] 

RUDE, a. [Fr. rude; It. rude and rozzo ; Sp. rudo ; L. ru- 
dis.] 1. Rough; uneven ; rugged; unformed by art. 2. 
Rough ; of coarse manners ; unpolished ; uncivil ; clown- 
ish ; rustic. 3. Violent ; tumultuous ; boisterous ; turbu- 
lent. 4. Violent ; fierce ; impetuous. 5. Harsh ; inclem- 
ent. 6. Ignorant ; untaught ; savage ; barbarous. 7. 
Raw ; untaught ; ignorant ; not skilled or practiced. 8. 
Artless; inelegant; not polished. 

RuDE'LY, adv. 1. With roughness. 2. Violently ; fierce- 
ly ; tumultuously. 3. In a rude or uncivil riianner. 4. 
Witliout exactness or nicety ; coarsely. 5. Unskillfully. 
6. Without elegance. 

RuDE'NESS, 77. 1. A rough, broken state ; unevenness ; 
wildness. 2. Coarseness of manners ; incivility ; rustic- 
ity ; vulgarity. 3. Ignorance ; unskillfulness. 4. Art- 
lessness ; coarseness; inelegance. 5. Violence; impet- 
uosity. 6. Violence ; storminess. 

RU'DEN-TURE, n. [Fr.] In architecture, the figure of a 
rope or staff, plain or carved, with which the flutings of 
columns are sometimes filled. 

[RU'DE-RA-RY, a. [Low L. ruderarius.] Belonging to 
rubbish. Diet. 

fRU-DE-RA'TION, 77. [E. ruder atio.] The act of paving 
with pebbles or little stones. Bailey. 

RuDES'BY, 77. An uncivil, turbulent fellow. Shak. 

RU'DI-MENT, 77. [Fr.; E. ruilimentum.] 1. A first princi 
pie or element ; that which is to be first learnt. 2. The 
original of any thing in its first form. ... 

RU'DI-MENT, V. t. To furnish with first principles or rule.s ; 
to ground ; to settle in first principles. 

RU-DI-MENT'AL, a. Initial ; pertaining to rudiments, or 
consisting in first principles. 


aee synopsis, 


RUG 


714 


RUM 


S.CE, (ril) V, i. [Sax. reowian^ hreowian; W.rhuaWjrhuadu j 
D.roiiwen; G. reuen.] To lament j to regret; to grieve 
for. 

f RuE, V. i. To have compassion. Chaucer. 

*RuE, n. Sorrow; repentance. Shak. 

RuE, (ru) n. [Sax. rude', Dan. rude’, L., It. ruta', Sp. 
ruda ; Fr. rite.] A plant of the genus ruta, of several species. 

RuE'FUL, (ru'ful) a. \rue and full.'] 1. Woful ; inourn- 
f^ul ; sorrowful ; to be lamented. 2. Expressing sorrow 

llUE'FlJL-LY, adv. Mournfully ; sorrowfully. More. 

llUE'FjJL-NESS, n. Son jwfulness ; mournfulness. 

RuE'ING, n. Lamentation. SmiUi. 

f RU-EIjLE', (ru-eh) n. [Fr.] A circle ; a private circle or 
assembly at a private house. Drydeu. 

RU-FES'CENT, o. [L. rufesco.] Reddish ; tinged with 
red. 

RUFF, 71 . [Arm. rouffenn.] 1. A piece of plated linen worn 
by females around the neck. 2. Something puckered or 
plaited. 3. A small fish, a species of perca. 4. A bird 
of the genus tringa, with a tuft of feathers around the 
neck of the male, whence the name. 5. [Sax. hreof.] A 
state of roughness ; [ai!>6-.] 6. Pride ; elevation. 7. A 

particular species of pigeon. 8. [D. troef, troeven.] At 
cards, the act of winning the trick by trumping the cards 
of another suit. 

RUFF, t;. t. 1. To rufle ; to disorder. 2. [D. troeven.] To 
trump any other suit of cards at whist. 

*RUF'FIAN, n. [It. ruffiauo Sp. rufian ,• Port, rufiam ; D. 
rofjiaati.] A boisterous, brutal fellow ; a fellow ready for 
any desperate crime ; a robber ; a cut-throat ; a murderer. 
Addison. 

"^RUF'FIAN, a. Brutal; savagely boisterous. Pope. 

^ RUF'Fl AN, V. i. To play the rutfian ; to rage ; to raise tu- 
mult. Shak. 

* RUF'FlAN-LlKE, a. Like a ruffian ; bold in crimes ; vio- 
lent; licentious. Fulke. 

RUF'FLE, V. t. fBelgic, ruyffelen.] 1. Properly, to wrin- 
kle ; to draw or contract into \vrinkles, open plaits or 
folds. 2. To disorder by disturbing a smooth surface ; to 
make uneven by agitation. 3. To discompose by disturb- 
ing a calm state of; to agitate ; to disturb. It expresses 
less than /ret and vex. 4. To throw into disorder or con- 
fusion. 5. To throw together in a disorderly manner. 6. 
To furnish with ruffles. 

RUF'FLE, V. i. 1. To grow rough or turbulent. 2. To play 
loosely ; to ffutter. 3. To be rough ; to jar ; to be in con- 
tention ; [o6s.] 

RUF^FLE, 71 . 1. A strip of plaited cambric, or other fine 
cloth, attached to some border of a garment, as to the 
wristband or bosom. 2. Disturbance ; agitation ; commo- 
tion. 

RUFT'LE, ) n. A particular beat or roll of the drum, used 

RUFF, ) on certain occasions in military affairs, as a 
mark of respect. 

i V. t. To beat the ruff or roll of the drum. 

RUFF, \ 

RUF'FLED, pp. Disturbed ; agitated ; furnished with ruf- 
fles. 

t RUF'FLER, 71. A bully ; a swaggerer. 

RUF'FLING, ppr. Disturbing ; agitating ; furnishing with 
ruffles. 

RUF'FLING, 71. Commotion; disturbance; agitation. 

RUF'FING^’ I a roll of the drum. 

RUF'FLING, ) 71. A particular beat or roll of the drum, 

RUF'FING, ) used on certain occasions as a mark of re- 
spect. 

RU'FOUS, a. [L. rufus ; Sp. rufo.] Reddish ; of a reddish 
color, or rather of a yellowish red. 

RUF'TER-HOOD, n. In falconry, a hood to be worn by a 
hawk when siie is first drawn. Bailey. 

RUG, n. [D. ruig ^ G. rauch; Sw. rugg ; Dan. rug.] 1. 
A coarse, nappy, woolen cloth used for a bed-cover, and, 
in modern times particularly, for covering the carpet be- 
fore a fire-place. 2. A rough, woolly or shaggy dog. 

RUG'GED, a. [from the root of rug, rough, which see.] 1. 
Rough ; full of asperities on the surface , broken into 
sharp or irregular points or crags, or otherwise uneven. 
2. Uneven ; not neat or regular. 3. Rough in temper ; 
harsh ; hard ; crabbed ; austere. 4. Stormy ; turbulent ; 
tempestuous, b. Rough to the ear ; harsh ; grating. 6. 
Sour ; surly ; frowning ; wrinkled. 7. Violent ; rude ; 
boisterous. 8. Rough ; shaggy. — 9. In botany, scabrous ; 
rough with tubercles or stiff points. 

RUG'GED-LY, adv. In a rough or rugged manner. 

RUG'GED-NESS, n. 1. The quality or state of being rug- 
ged ; roughness ; asperity of surface. 2. Roughness of 
temper ; harshness ; surliness. 3. Coarseness ; rudeness 
of manners. 4. Storminess; boisterousness. 

RUG'-G OWNED, a. Wearing a coarse gown or rug. 

t RUG'IN, n. A nappy cloth. Wiseman. 

RU'GINE, 71.' [Fr.l A surgeon’s rasp. Sharp. 

RU'GOSE, or RU'GOUS, a. [L. rugosus.] Wrinkled ; full 
of wrinkles. Wiseman. — 2. In botany, a rugose leaf is 


when the veins are more contracted than the disk, so that 
the latter rises into little inequalities, as in sage, primrose, 
cowslip, &c. 

RU-GOS'I-TY, 7t. A state of being wrinkled. \^Little used.] 
Smith. 

RU'IN, 77. [Fr. rinwc ; L., Sp. raino ,* It. rama.] ]. Destruc- 
tion ; fall ; overthrow ; defeat ; that change of any thing 
which destroys it, or entirely defeats its object, or unfits it 
for use. 2. Mischief ; bane ; that which destroys. — 3. 
Ruin, more generally ruins, the remains of a decayed or 
demolished city, house, fortress, or any work of ait or 
other thing; as, the rum*' of Palmyra. 4. The decayed 
or enfeebled remains of a natural object. 5. The cause 
of destruction. 

RU'IN, V. t. [Fr. miner.] 1. To demolish ; to pull down.^ 
burn, or otherwise destroy. 2. To subvert ; to destroy 
3. To destroy ; to bring to an end. 4. To destroy in any 
manner. 5. To counteract ; to defeat. 6. To deprive of 
felicity or fortune. 7. To impoverish. 8. To bring to 
everlasting misery. 

RU'IN, V. i. 1. To fall into ruins. 2. To run to ruin ; to 
fall into decay or be dilapidated. 3. To be reduced ; to be 
brought to poverty or misery. 

f RU'IN-ATE, V. t. To demolish ; to subvert ; to destroy ; to 
reduce to poverty. 

f RU-IN-a'TION, 71. Subversion; overthrow; demolition. 

RU'INED, pp. Demolished; destroyed; subverted ; reduc- 
ed to poverty ; undone. 

RU'IN-ER, 7t. One that ruins or destroys. Chapman. 

RU'IN-I-FORM, a. [L. ruina, and form.] Having the ap- 
pearance of ruins, or the ruins of liouses. 

RU'IN-ING, ppr. Demolishing ; subverting ; destroying; 
reducing to poverty ; bringing to endless misery. 

RU'IN-OUS, a. [L. ruinosus ', Fr. ruineux.] 1. Fallen to 
ruin ; entirely decayed ; demolished ; dilapidated. 2. 
Destructive; baneful; pernicious; bringing or lending to 
bring certain ruin. 3. Composed of ruins ; consisting in 
ruins. 

RU'IN-OUS-LY, adv. In a ruinous manner ; destructively. 

RU'IN-OUS-NESS, 71. A ruinous state or quality. 

RULE, n. [W. rheol ,* Arm. reol ; Sax. regol, reogol ; Sw., 
Dan., G., D. regel ^ Fr. regie.] 1. Government; sway ; 
empire ; control ; supreme command or authority. 2. 
That which is established as a principle, standard or direc- 
tory ; that by which any thing is to be adjusted or regu- 
lated, or to which it is to be conformed. 3. An instru- 
ment by which lines are drawn. 4. Established mode or 
course of proceeding prescribed in private life. — 5. In lit- 
erature, a maxim, canon or precept to be observ’ed in any 
art or science. — 6. In monastei'ies, corporations or societies, 
a law or regulation to be observed by the society and its 
particular members. — 7. In courts, rules are the determi- 
nations and orders of court, to be observed by its officers 
in conducting the business of the court. — 8. In arithmetic 
and algebra, a determinate mode prescribed for perform- 
ing any operation and producing a certain result. — 9. In 
grammar, an established form of construction in a partic- 
ular class of words ; or the expression of that form in 
words. 

RULE, V. t. 1. To govern ; to control the will and actions 
of others, either by arbitrary power and authority, or by 
established laws. 2. To govern the movements of things ; 
to conduct; to manage ; to control. 3. To manage; to 
conduct, in almost any manner. 4. To settle as by a rule. 
5. To mark with lines by a ruler. 6. To establish by de- 
cree or decision ; to determine, as a court. 

RULE, V. i. To have power or command ; to exercise su- 
preme authority. Ray. 

Ruled, pp. Governed ; controlled ; conducted ; managed ; 
established by decision. 

RUL'ER, 71. 1. One that governs, whether emperor, king, 
pope or governor ; any one that exercises supreme power 
over others. 2. One that makes or executes laws in a 
limited or free government. 3. A rule ; an instrument 
of wood or metal with straight edges or sides, by which 
Hues are drawn on paper, parchment or other substance. 

RuL'ING, ppr. 1. Governing ; controlling the will and ac- 
tions of intelligent beings, or the movements of other 
physical bodies. 2. Marking by a ruler. 3. Deciding ; 
deterniining. 4. a. Predominant; chief; controlling. 

^fRuL'Y, a. [from rt/Ic.] Orderly; easily restrained. 

'RUM, 11 . 1. Spirit distilled from cane-juice, or the scum- 
mings of the juice from the boiling-house, or from the trea- 
cle or molasses which drains from sugar, or from dunder, 
tlie lees of former distillations. 2. A low, cant word for 
a country parson. Swift. 

|RUM, a. Old-fashioned ; queer. 

RUM'BLE, X. t. [D.rommelen ; G.rummeln ; Dan. rumler.] 
To make a low, heavy, continued sound. 

RUM'BLER, 11 . The person or thing that rumbles. 

RUM'BLING, ppr. Making a low, heavy, continued sound. 

RUM'BLING, 71. A low, heavy, continued sound. Jer. 
xlvii. 

RUM'BUD, n. A grog-blossom. Rush. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, t, o, U, Y, long.^FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


RUN 


715 


RUN 


1115'IVII‘NANT, a. [Fr. ; L. rumino*] Chewing the cud j 
having the property of chewing again what has been 
swallowed. Ray. 

Ru MI-NAJNT, n. An animal that chews the cud. Ray. 

RU'MI-NATE, tj. i. [Fr. rummer; L. ritmmo.] 1. To chew 
tlie cud ; to chew again what has been slightly chewed 
and swallowed. 2. To muse ; to meditate ; to think again 
and again ; to ponder. 

Ru'MI-NATE, V. t. 1. To chew over again. 2. To muse 
on ; to meditate over and over again. Vryden. 

Ru'MI-NA-TED, pp. Chewed again ; mused on. 

Ru'MI-NA-TING, ppr. Chewing the cud; musing. 

RU-MI-Na‘TION, 11 . [L. ruminatiG.] 1. The act of chewing 
the cud. 2. The power or property of chewing the cud. 

3. A musing or continued thinking on a subject; deliber- 
ate meditation or reflection. 

Ru'MI-NA-TOR, n. One that ruminates or muses on any 
subject ; one that pauses to deliberate and consider. 

RUMMAGE, n. A searching carefully by looking into 
every corner and by tumbling over things. 

RUM MAGE, V. t. [qu. L. rimor, or Fr. remuer.] To search 
narrowly by looking into every corner and turning over or 
removing goods or other things. Dryden. 

RUM'MAGE, V. i. To search a place narrowly by looking 
among things. Sicift. 

RUM'MAGeO, pp. Searched in every corner. 

RUM'MA-GING, ppr. Searching in ever}’^ corner. 

j-RUM'MER, n. [U. roemer.] A glass or drinking cup. 

RO'MOR, n. [L.j 1. Flying or popular report; a current 
story passing from one person to another, without any 
known authority for the truth of it. 2. Report of a 
fact ; a story well authorized. 3. Fame ; reported celeb- 
rity. 

Ru'MOR, V. t. To report ; to tell or circulate a report. 

Ru'MORED, pp. Told among the people ; reported. 

RU'MOR-ER, w. A reporter ; a teller of news. Shak. 

Ru'JMOR-ING, ppr. Reporting ; telling news. 

fRU'MOR-OUS, a. Famous; notorious. Bale. 

RUMP, n. [G. rampf ; Sw. riimpa ; Dan. rumpCy or rompe.'] 

1. The end of the back bone of an animal with the parts 
adjacent. 2. The buttocks. 

RUMP'ER, 71. One who favored the rump-parliament ; one 
who had been a member of it. 

RUM'PLE, V. t. [D. rompelen.j To wrinkle ; to make un- 
even ; to form into irregular inequalities. 

RUM'PLE, 71. A fold or plait. Dryden. 

RUM'PLED, pp. Formed into irregular wrinkles or folds. 

RUMP'LESS, a. Destitute of a tail. Laiorence. 

RUM'PLING, ppr. Making uneven. 

RUN, V. i. ; pret. ran, or run ; pp. run. [Sax. rennan ; Goth. 
rinnan ; D. rennen ; G. rennen, rinncn.'] 1. To move or 
pass in almost any manner, as on the feet or on wheels. 

2. To move or pass on the feet with celerity or rapidity, 
by leaps, or long, quick steps. 3. To use the legs in mov- 
ing ; to step. 4. To move in a hurry. 5. To proceed 
along the surface ; to extend ; to spread. 6. To rush 
with violence. 7. To move or pass on the water ; to sail. 
8, To contend in a race. 9. To flee for escape. 10. To 
depart privately ; to steal away. 11. To flow in any man- 
ner, slowly or rapidly ; to move or pass ; as a fluid. 12. 
To emit ; to let flow. 13. To be liquid or fluid. 14. To 
be fusible ; to melt. 15. To fuse ; to melt. 16. To turn. 
17. To pass; to proceed. 18. To flow, as words, lan- 
guage or periods. 19. To pass, as time. 20. To have a 
legal course ; to be attached to; to have legal effect. 21. 
To have a course or dirdfction. 22. To pass in thought, 
speech or practice. 23. To be mentioned cursorily or in 
few words. 24. To have a continued tenor or course. 
25. To be in motion ; to speak incessantly. 26. To be 
busied ; to dwell. 27. To be popularly known. 28. To 
be received ; to have reception, success or continuance. 
29. To proceed in succession. 30. To pass from one state 
or condition to another. 31. To proceed in a train of con- 
duct. 32. To be in force. 33. To be generally received. 
31. To be carried; to extend; to rise. 35. To have a 
track or course. 36. To extend ; to lie in continued 
length. 37. To have a certain direction. 38. To pass in 
an orbit of any figure. 39. To tend in growth or progress. 
40. To grow exuberantly. 41. To discharge pus or other 
matter. 42. To reach ; to extend to the remembrance 
of. 43. To continue in time, before it becomes due and 
payable. 44. To continue in effect, force or operation. 
45* To press with numerous demands of payment. 46. 
To pass or fall into fault, vice or misfortune. 47. To fall 
or [>ass by gradual changes ; to make a transition. 48. To 
liave a general tendency. 49. To proceed as on a ground 
or principle ; [nbs.] ,50. To pass or proceed in conduct or 
management. 51. To creep; to move by creeping or 
crawling. 52. To slide. .53. To dart ; to shoot. 54. To 
lly ; to move in the air. — 55. In Scripture, to pursue or 
l)ractice the duties of religion. — 56. In elextions, to have 
interest or favor ; to be supported by votes. 

To run after. 1. To pursue or follow. 2. To search for ; to 
endeavor to find or obtain. — To run at, to attack with the 


horns, as a bull. — To run away, to flee ; to escape. — Tff 
run away with. 1. To hurry without deliberation. 2. To 
convey away ; or to assist in escape or elopement. — Ta 
run in, to enter; to step in.— 7’o run into, to enter. — To 
run in trust, to run in debt ; to get credit ; [obs.]—To run 
in with. 1. To close ; to comply ; to agree with ; [uriusual.] 
2. To make towards; to near ; to sail close lo.— Torun 
down a coast, to sail along it. — To run on. 1. To be con- 
tinued. 2. To talk incessantly. 3. To continue a course, 

4. To press with jokes or ridicule ; to abuse with sarcasms > 
to bear hard on. — To run over, to overflow. — To ran out. 

1. To come to an end ; to expire. 2. To spread exuber- 
antly. 3. To expatiate. 4. To be wasted or exhausted. 

5. To become poor by extravagance. — To run up, to rise j 
to swell ; to amount. 

RUN, V. t. 1. To drive or push ; hi a general sense. 2. To 
drive ; to force. 3. To cause to be driven. 4. To melt ; 
to fuse. 5. To incur ; to encounter ; to run the risk or 
hazard of losing one’s property. 6. To venture ; to haz- 
ard. 7. To smuggle ; to import or export without paying 
the duties required by law. 8. To pursue in thought; to 
carry in contemplation. 9. To push ; to thrust. 10. To 
ascertain and mark by metes and bounds. 11. To cause 
to ply ; to maintain in running or passing. 12. To cause 
to pass. 13. To found ; to shape, form or make in a 
mold ; to cast. 

To run down. 1. In hunting, to chase to weariness. — 2. In 
navigation, to run down a vessel, is to run against her, end 
on, and sink her. 3. To crush ; to overthrow ; to over- 
bear. — To run hard. 1. To press with jokes, sarcasm or 
ridicule. 2. To urge or press importunately. — To run 
over. 1. To recount in a cursory manner ; to narrate hast- 
ily. 2. To consider cursorily. 3. To pass the eye over 
hastily. — To run out. 1. To thrust or push out ; to extend. 

2. To waste; to exhaust. — To run through, to expend j 
to waste. — To min up. 1. To increase ; to enlarge by ad- 
ditions. 2. To thrust up, as any thing long and slender. 

RUN, 71. 1. The act of running. 2. Course; motion. 3, 
Flow. 4. Course ; process ; continued series. 5. Way ; 
will ; uncontrolled course. 6. General reception ; con- 
tinued success. 7. Modish or popular clamor. 8. A gen- 
eral or uncommon pressure on a bank or treasury for pay- 
ment of its notes. 9. The aftmost part of a ship’s bottom. 
10. The distance sailed by a ship. 11. A voyage ; also, 
an agreement among sailors to work a passage from one 
place to another. 12. A pair of mill-stones. 13. Preva- 
lence. — 14. In America, a small stream ; a brook . — In the 
long run [at the long run not so generally used] signi- 
fies the whole process or course of things taken together ; 
in the final result ; in the conclusion or end. — The run of 
mankind, the generality of people. 

RUN'A-GATE, n. [Fr. runagat.] A fugitive; an apostate; 
a rebel ; a ragabond. Sidney. ' 

RUN^A-WAY, n. [run and away.'] One that flies from dan- 
ger or restraint ; one that deserts lawful service ; a fugi- 
tive. Shak. 

t RUN-Ga'TION, 77. [L. runeatio.] A weeding. Evelyn. 

RUN'CI-NATE, a. [L. runcina, a saw.] In botany, a run- 
cinate leaf is a sort of pinnatifid leaf, with the lobes con- 
vex before and straight behind, like the teeth of a double 
saw, as in the dandelion. 

RUN'DLE, 77. [from round, G. rund.] 1. A round ; a step of 
a ladder. Duppa. 2. Something put round an axis ; a 
peritrochium. 

RUND'LET, or RUN'UET, a. [from roM77d.] A small barrel 
of no certain dimensions. 

RuNE, 77. [Sc(? Runic.] The Runic letter or character. 
Temple. 

Ru'NER, 77. A bard or learned man among the ancient 
Goths. [See Runic.] Temple. 

Ru'NES, 77. plu. Gothic poetry or rhymes. Temple. 

RUNG, pret. and pp. of ring. 

RUNG, 77. A floor-timber in a ship, whence the end is called 
a run g-head. J\Iar. Diet. 

RU'NIC, a. [W. rhin ; Ir. run ; Goth, runa ; Sax. run.] An 
epithet applied to the language and letters of the ancient 
Goths. 

t RUN'NEL, 77. A rivulet or small brook. Fairfax. 

RUN'NER, 77. 1. One that runs; that which runs. 2. A 
racer. 3. A messenger. 4. A shooting sprig. 5. One of 
the stones of a mill. 6. A bird. 7. A rope used to increase 
the power of a tackle. 8. A support of a sleigh or sled. 

RUN'NET,77. [D. runzel ; G. m.nnen ; fcax. gerunnen. It is 
sometimes written rennet.] The concreted milk found in 
the stomachs of calves or other sucking quadnqieds. 

RUN'NING, ppr. 1. Moving or going with rapidity; flow- 
ing. 2. a. Kept for the race. Law. 3. In succession ; 
without any intervening day, year, &c. 4. Discharging 

pus or other matter. 

RUN/NING, 77 . 1. The act of running, or passing with speed. 
2. That which runs or flows. 3. The discharge of an ul- 
cer or other sore. 

RUN'NING-FIGHT, n. A battle in which one party flees and 
the other pursues, but the party fleeing keeps up the contest. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BIJLE, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


/ 


RUS 71G RYO 


RUN'NING-RIG'GING, n. That part of a ship’s rigging or 
ropes which passes through blocks, &c. 

RUN'NIiN’G-Tl'TLE, n. In 'printings the title of a book that 
is continued from page to page on the upper margin. 

RUNN'ION, 11. [Fr. rogner.]' A paltry, scurvy wretch. 

RUNT, 71 . [D. rund.'\ Any animal small below the natural 
or usual size of the species. 

RU-PEE', 11. [Pers.] A silver coin of the East Indies, of the 
value of 25 . 4 d. or 25 . 6 d. sterling ; about 52 or 56 cents. 

RUP'TION, 11. [L. ruptio.] Breach 3 a break or bursting 
open. fViseman. 

RUPT'URE, n. [Fr. 3 L. ruptus.] 1 . The act of breaking or 
bursting 3 the state of being broken or violently parted. 
2 . Hernia 3 a preternatural protrusion of the contents of 
the abdomen. 3 . Breach of peace or concord, either be- 
tween individuals or nations 3 between nations, open 
hostility or war. 

RUPT'UllE, V. t. To break 3 to burst 3 to part by violence. 

RUPT'URE, V. i. To suffer a breach or disruption. 

RUPT'URED, pp. Broken 3 burst. 

RUPT'URE-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus hcrniaria, and 
another of the genus linmii. 

RUPT'UR-ING, jppr. Breaking 3 bursting. 

RU'RAL, a. [Fr. ; L. ruralis.] Pertaining to the country, 
as distinguished from a city or town 3 suiting the country, 
or resembling it. Sidney. 

RU'RAL-IST, 11. One that leads a rural life. Coventry. 

RU'RAL-LY, ado. As in the country. Wakefield. 

Ru'RAL-NESS, n. The quality of being rural. Diet. 

•f RU-R 1 €' 0 -LIST, 11. [L. ruricola.~\ An inhabitant of the 
country. Diet. 

jllU-RlG'EN-OUS, a. [L. rns.] Born in the country. 

RUSE, 11. [Fr.] Artifice 3 trick 3 stratagem 3 wile 3 fraud 3 
deceit. [J\'ot JEugli^fi.] Ray. 

RUSH, n. [Sax. rics, or rise ; L. r775CM5.] 1 . A plant of the 
genus jM7ic«s, of many species. 2 . Any thing proverbially 
worthiess or of trivial value. 

RUSH, V. i. [Sax. reosan, hreosan, or rcesan ; Sw. rusa ; G. 
rauseken j D. ruisclien.] 1 . To move or drive forward Avith 
impetuosity, violence and tumultuous rapidity. 2. To 
enter with undue eagerness, or Avithout due deliberation 
and preparation. 

fRUSH, V. t. To push forward with violence. 

RUSH, 71 . A driving forward with eagerness and haste 3 a 
violent motion or course. 

RUSfP-GAN-DLE, n. A small blinking taper made by 
stripping a rush, except one small strip of the hark which 
holds the pith together, and dipping it in talloAV. John- 
son. 

RUSHED, a. Abounding Avith rushes. Warton. 

RUSH'ER, n. 1 . One who rushes foiAvard. Whitlock. 2 . 
One who formerly strewed rushes on the floor at dances. 

RUSH'I-NESS, 77. The state of abounding with rushes. 

RUSIPING, ppr. Moving forward with impetuosity. 

RUSH'ING, 71 . A violent driving of any thing 3 rapid or tu- 
multuous course. Is. xvii. 

RUSH'-LIGHT, n. 1 . The light of a rush-candle 3 a small, 
feeble light. 2 . A rush-candle. 

RUSH'-LIKE, a. Resembling a rush 3 weak. 

RUSIPY, a. 1 . Abounding Avith rushes. 2 . Made of rushes. 

RUSK, 71 . 1 . A kind of light cake. 2 . Hard bread for stores. 

RUShMA, 71 . A brown and light iron substance, Avith half 
as much quicklime steeped in water, of Avhich the Turkish 
Avomen make their psilothron to take off their hair. 

RUSS, (roos) a. [Sw. r7/55.] Pertaining to the Russ or Rus- 
sians. 

RUSS, (roos) 7t. The language of the Russ or Russians. ' 

RUS'SET, a. [Fr. rouz, rousse ; It. rosso ; Sp. roso, roxo ; 

L. russus.] 1 . Of a reddish-brown color. 2 . Coarse 3 
homespun 3 rustic. 

RUS'SET, 71 . A country dress. Dryden. 

RUS'SET, \ n. A kind of apple of a russet color and 

RUS'SET-ING, j rough skin. 

RUS'SET-Y, a. Of a russet color. 

RuS'SIAN, (ru'shan) a. Pertaining to Russia. 

RuS^SIAN, (ru'shan) n. A native of Russia. 

RUST, 71 . [Sax. rust ; D. roest ; G., Sav. rost ; Dan. rust.] 
1. The oxyd of a metal 3 a substance composed of oxygen 
combined with a metal, and forming a rough coat on its 
surface. 2 . Loss of power by inactivity, as metals lose 
their brightness and smoothness when not used. 3 . Any 
foul matter contracted. ' 4 . Foul, extraneous matter. 5 . 
A disease in grain, a kind of dust which gathers on the 
stalks and leaves. 


RUST', V. i. [Sax. rustian ; W. rhydu.] L To contract 
rust 3 to be oxydized and contract a roughness on the sur- 
face. 2 . To degenerate in idleness 3 to become dull by 
inaction. 3 . To gather dust or extraneous matter. 

RUST, V. t. 1 . To cause to contract rust. 2 . To impair by 
time and inactivity. 

RUST'ED, pp. Affected Avith rust. 

RUST'IC, 1 a. [L. rusticus.] 1. Pertaining to the coun- 

RUSTff-CAL, i try 3 rural. 2 . Rude 3 unpolished 3 rough 3 
aAvkward. 3 . Coarse 3 plain 3 simple. 4 . Simple 3 art- 
less 3 unadorned. — Rustic work, in a building, is when the 
stones, &c. in the face of it, are hacked or pecked so as to 
be rough. 

RUST'IC, 11. An inhabitant of the country 3 a cloAvn. 

RUST'I-CAL-LY, ado. Rudely 3 coarsely 3 without refine- 
ment or elegance. Dryden. 

RUST'I-CAL-NESS, n. The quality of being rustical 3 rude- 
ness 3 coarseness 3 want of refinement. 

RUST'I-CATE, V. i. [L. rusUcor.] To dAvell or reside in the 
country. Pope. 

RUST'I-€ATE, v. t. To compel to reside in the country 3 
to banish from a town or college for a time. 

RUST'I-CA-TED, pp. Compelled to reside in the country. 

RUST'I-€A-TING, ppr. Compelling to reside in the coun- 
try. 

RUST-I-€a'TION, 77. 1 . Residence in the country. — 2 . In 
universities and colleges, the punishment of a student for 
some offense, by conjpelling him to leave the institution 
and reside for a time in the country. 

RUS-TIC'I-TY, 77. [L. rusticitas ; Fr. rusticite.] The quali- 
ties of a countryman ; rustic manners 5 rudeness 3 coarse- 
ness 3 simplicity 5 artlessness. Addison. 

RUiST'I-LY, ado. In a rusty state. Sidney. 

RUST'I-NESS, 77. [from rusty.] The state of being rusty. 

RUST'ING, Contracting rust 3 causing to rust. 

RUS'TLE, (rus'l) v. i. [Sax. hristlan ; G. rasseln ; Saa'. 
ro55Za.] I'o make a quick succession of small sounds, like 
the rubbing of silk cloth or dry leaves. 

RUS'TLING, ppr. Making the sound of silk cloth Avhen 
rubbed. 

RUS'TLING, 77. A quick succession of small sounds, as a 
brushing among dry leaves or straw. 

RUST'Y, a. 1 . Covered or aflected Avith rust. 2 . Dull 3 
impaired by inaction or neglect of use. 3 . Surly 3 mo- 
rose. 4 . Covered Avith foul or extraneous matter. 

RUT, 71 . [Fr. rut ; Arm. rrff.] The copulation of deer. 

RU'P, V. i. To lust, as deer. 

RUT, 11. [It. rotaia ; L. rota.] The track of a wheel. 

RU[TA Ba'GA, 77. The Swedish turnep. 

t RuTH, 77. [from rue.] 1 . Mercy ; pity 3 tenderness 3 sorrow 
for the misery of another. 2 . Misery 3 sorrow. 

RUTH'E-NUS, 71 . A fish of the genus accipenser. 

fRuTH'FlIL, a. 1 . Rueful 3 Avoful 3 sorroAvful. 2 . Merci- 
ful. 

t RuTH'FUL-LY, adv. 1 . Wofully 3 sadly. Knolles. 2 . 
SorroAvfuily 3 mournfully. Spenser. 

RuTH'LESS, a. Cruel 3 pitiless 3 barbarous 3 insensible to 
the miseries of others. Pope. 

RuTH'LESS-LY, arfu. Without pity 3 cruelly 3 barbarously. 

RuTH'LESS-NESS, 11. AVant of compassion 3 insensibility 
to tlie distresses of others. 

RU'TIL, ) 71. Sphene, an oxyd of titanium, of a dark-red 

Ru'TlLE, \ color, or of a light or brownish-red. 

RU'TI-LANT, a. [L. rutilans, rutilo.] Shining. Evelyn. 

[ Rtj'TI-IiATE, V. i. [L. rutilo.] To shine 3 to emit rays of 
light. Ure. • 

t RUT'TER, n. [G. reiter ; D. ruiter.] A horseman or 
trooper. 

fRUT'TER-KIN, 11. A Avord of contempt 3 an old, crafty 
fox or beguiler. 

I RUT'TIER, 77. [Fr. routier, from route.] Direction of the 
road or course at sea 3 an old traveler acquainted Avith 
roads ; an old soldier. Cotgrave. 

RUT'TISH, a. [from rut.] Lustful 5 libidinous. Shak. 

RUT'TLE, for rattle, not much used. Burnet. 

RY'AL, 77. A coin. See Rial. 

RY'DER, 71. A clause added to a bill in parliament. 

RYE, 77. [Sax. njge ; D. rogge ; G. rocken ; Dan. rog, or rug ; 
Sav. rag, or rog ; AY. rhyg.] 1 . An esculent grain of the 
genus secnle, of a quality inferior to Avheat. 2 . A disease 
in a hawk. 

RYE'-GRASS, n. A species of strong grass, of the genus 
hordeuin. Eiicyc. 

RY'OT, 71. In Uiiidostan, a renter of land by a lease. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, Zt77i5-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3— f Obsolete. 


SAC 


717 


SAC 



# 


S the nineteenth letter of the English Alphabet, is a 
j sibilant articulation, and numbered among the semi- 
vowels. It represents the hissing made by driving the 
breath between the end of the tongue and the roof of the 
moutli, just above the upper teeth. It has two uses ; one 
to express a mere hissing, as in sabbath^ sack, sin, this, 
thus i the other a vmcal hissing, precisely like that of z, as 
in muse, wise, pronounced maze, wize. It generally has 
its liissing sound at the beginning of all proper English 
words, but in the middle and end of words, its sound is 
to be known only by usage. In a few words, it is silent, 
as in isle and viscount. 

As d. numeral, S. denoted seven. — In books of navigation and 
in common usage, S. stands for south ; S. E. for south- 
east ; S. VV. for south-west ; S. S. E. for south south- 
east j S. S. W. for south south-west, «kc. 

^ SAB'A-OTH, 7t. [Heb. armies.] Armies; a word 

used, Rom. ix. 29, James v. 4, “ the Lord of Sabaoth.^’ 
SAB-BA-Ta^RI-AN, n. [from saWat/t.] One who observes 
the seventh day of the week as the sabbath, instead of the 
first. A sect of Baptists are called Sabbatarians. 
SAB-BA-Ta'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to those who keep Satur- 
day, or the seventh day of the week, as the sabbath. 
JMountagu. 

SAB-BA-Ta'RI-AN-IsM, ?i. The tenets of Sabbatarians. 

SAB'BATH, 71. [Heb. rest ; L. sahbatum.'] 1. The day 
which God appointed to be observed by the Jews as a day 
of rest from all secular labor or employments, and to be 
kept holy and consecrated to his service and worship. 2. 
Intermission of pain or sorrow ; time of rest. 3. The 
Sabbatical year among the Israelites. Lev. xxv. 

SAB BATII-BREaK-ER, n. [Sabbath and break.'] One who 
profanes the Sabbath by violating the laws of God or man, 
which enjoin the religious observance of that day. 
SAB'BATM-BREaK-ING, n. A profanation of tiie sabbath 
by violating the injunction of the fourth commandment, 
or the municipal laws of a state which require the ob- 
servance of that day as holy time. 

SAB BATII-LESS, a. Without intermission of labor. 
Bacon. 

SAB-BATRG, I a. [Fr. sabbatique ; L. sabbaticus.] 1. 
SAB-BAT'I-GAL, \ Pertaining to the Sabbath. 2. Re- 
sembling the Sabbath ; enjoying or bringing an intermis- 
sion of labor. — Sabbatical year, in the Jewish economy, 
was every seventh year, in which the Israelites were com- 
manded to suffer their fields and vineyards to rest, or lie 
without tillage. 

SAB'BA-TISM, n. Rest ; intermission of labor. 

SABEAN. SccSabian. 

SA'BE-ISiM, n. The same as Sabianism. D’jinville. 
SA-BELL'IAN, a. Pertaining to the heresy of Sabellius. 
SA-BELL'IAN, n. A follower of Sabellius. Encyc. 
SA-BELLHAN-ISM, n. The doctrines or tenets of Sabellius. 
Barrow. 

Sa'BI-AN, ) a. Pertaining to Saba, in Arabia, celebrated 
SA-Be'AN, I for producing aromatic plants. 

SA'BI-AN, a. [Heb. The Sabian worship or religion 

consisted in the worship of the sun and other heavenly 
bodies. 

SA'BI-AN, n. A worshiper of the sun. 

Sa'BI-AN-ISM, 71. That species of idolatry which consisted 
in worshiping the sun, moon and stars. 

SAB'INE, 71. A plant ; usually written savin, which see. 
SA'BLE, n. [Russ, sobol ; G. zobel ; Sw., Dan., D. sabel ; 
Fr. zibeline.] 1. A small animal of the weasel kind, the 
mastela zibcllina. 2. The fur of the sable. 

SA'BLE, a. [Fr.] Black; dark; used chiefly in poetry or 
in heraldry. 

SAB'LIeRE, (sab'leer) n. [Fr.] 1. A sand-pit; [little 'used.] 
2. In carpentry, a piece of timber as long, but not so thick 
as a beam. 

SA-BoT', (sa-bo') n. [Fr. sabot ; Sp. zapato.] A wooden 
shoe. [JVot English.] Bramhall. 

SA'BRE, } n. [Fr. sabre.] A sword or cimiter with a broad 
SA'BER, \ and heavy blade, thick at the back, and a lit- 
tle falcated or hooked at the point; a falchion 
SA'BRE, V. t. To strike, cut or kill with a sabre. 
SAB-U-LOS'I-TY, 71. Sandiness; grittiness. 

SAB'U-LOUS, a. [L. saftjiiosws.] Sandy; gritty. 

SAG, 7J. [Sax. sac, saca, sace, or 5ac7t.] In English law, the 
privilege enjoyed by the lord of a manor, of holding 
courts, trying causes and imposing fines. 

SAG-GADE', 71. [Fr.] A sudden violent check of a horse 


by drawing or twitching the reins on a sudden and with 
one pull. 

SAG-GHA-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. saccharum.] Producing 
sugar. 

SAG'GHAR-INE, a. [L. saccharum,] Pertaining to sugar; 
liaving the qualities of sugar. 

SAG-GllO-LAG'TIG, a. [L,. sacchartim.] A term in chemis- 
try, denoting an acid obtained from the sugar of milk. 

SAG'GHO-LATE, 7i. In chemistry, a salt formed by the 
union of the saccholactic acid with a base. 

SAC-ER-Do'TAL, a. [L, sacerdotalis.] Pertaining to 
priests or the priesthood ; priestly. Stillingfleet. 

SACH'EL, 71. [L. sacculus.] A small sack or bag ; a bag in 
which lawyers and children carry papers and bocks. 

Sa'GHEM, 71. In America, a chief among some of the na- 
tive Indian tribes. See Sagamore. 

SAGK, 71. [Sax. sme, sacc ; D. zak, sek; G. sack; Ir. sac; 
Arm. sach ; Fr. sac.] I. A bag, usually a large cloth bag, 
used for holding and conveying corn, small wares, wool, 
cotton, hops, and the like. 2. The measure of three 
bushels. Johnson. 

SAGK, 71. [Fr. sec, seche.] A species of sweet wine, 
brought chiefly from the Canary isles. Fr. Diet. 

SAGK, n. [L. 5ao-jt77i.] Among our rude ancestors, a kind 
of cloak of a square form, worn over the shoulders and 
body, and fastened in front by a clasp or thorn. 

SACK, V. t. To put in a sack or in bags. Betterton. 

SAGK, V. t. [Arm. sacqa ; Ir. sacham; Sp., Port, saqu^ar.] 
ff'o plunder or pillage, as a town or city. 

SACK, n. The pillage or plunder of a town or city ; or the 
storm and plunder of a town. 

SAGK'AGE, n. The act of taking by storm and pillaging. 

SAGK'BUT, n. [Sp. sacabuche ; Port, sacabuxa, or saque- 
buxo ; Fr. saquebute.] A wind instrument of music; a 
kind of trumpet, so mntrived that It can be lengthened or 
shortened according to the tone required. 

SAGK'GLOTH, n. [^ac/i: and cloth.] Cloth of which sacks 
are made ; coarse cloth. 

SAGK'GLoTHED, a. Clothed in sackcloth. Hall. 

SACKED, pp. Pillaged ; stormed and plundered. 

SAGK'ER, n. One that takes a town or plunders it. 

SAGK'FUL, n. A full sack or bag. Swift. 

SAGK'ING, ppr. Taking by assault and plundering. 

SAGK'ING, 77. -The act of taking by storm and pillaging. 

SAfIK'ING, 77. [Sax. sceccing.] 1. Cloth of which sacks or 
bags are made. 2. The coarse cloth or canvas fastened to 
a bedstead for supporting the bed. 

SAGK'LESS, a. [Sax. sacleas.] Ciuiet ; peaceable; not 
quarrelsome ; harmless ; innocent. [Local.] 

SAGK-POS SET, n. [sack and posset.] A posset made of 
sack, milk and some other ingredients. Sicift. 

SAG'RA-MENT, 77. [Fr. sacrement ; It., Sp. sacramento ; 
L. sacramentum.] 1. Among ancient Christian writers, a 
mystery ; [oZ»s.] 2. An oath ; a ceremony producing an 
obligation; [o6s.] 3. In presg/7i 7 /sa^c, a solemn religious 
ceremony enjoined by Christ to be observed by his fol- 
lowers. 4. The eucharist or Lord’s supper. 

t SAG'RA-MENT, v. t. To bind by an oath. Laud. 

SAG-RA-MENT'AL, a. Constituting a sacrament, or per- 
taining to it. 

SAG-RA-MENT'AL, n. That which relates to a sacrament. 

SAG-RA-MENT'AL-LY, adv. After the manner of a sac- 
rament. Hall. 

SAG-R A-MEN-TA'RI-AN, n. One that differs from the 
Romish church in regard to the sacraments, or to the 
I.ord’s supper. 

SAG-RA-MENT'A-RY, n. 1. An ancient book of the 
Romish church, containing the prayers and ceremonies 
made use of in the celebration of the sacraments. 2. A 
saciamentarian. 

SAG-RA-MENT'A-RY, ) a. Pertaining to sacramentari- 

SAG-RA-MEN-Ta'RI-AN, j ans and to their controversy 
respecting the eucharist. 

f Sa'GRATE, V. t. [L. sacro.] To consecrate ; to dedicate. 
Waterhouse. 

Sa'GRE. See Saker. 

Sa'GRED, a. [Fr. sacre ; Sp., It., Port, sacro ; "L. sacer.] 
1. Holy ; pertaining to God or to his worship; separated 
from common secular uses and consecrated to God and his 
service. 2. Proceeding from God and containing re'igious 
precepts. 3. Narrating or writing facts respecting God 
and holy things. 4. Relating to religion or the worship 
of God ; used for religious purposes. 5. Consecrated ; 
dedicated; devoted; with to. 6. Entitled to reverence; 
venerable. 7. Inviolable, as if appropriated to a superior 
being. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE BIJLL, UNITE.— G as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z j CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


SAD 


718 


SAO 


Employed in sacri- 
being offered m 


SA^ERED-LY, adv. 1. Religiously j with due reverence as 
of something holy or consecrated to God. 2. Inviolably 
strictly. 

Sa*GRED-NESS, 7i» 1. The state of being sacred, or conse- 
crated to God, to his worship or to religious uses j holi- 
ness ; sanctity. 2. Inviolableness. 

SA-€RIF'IG, a, [L. sacr\ficus.'\ 

SA-€RIF*I-GAL, ' fice. Johnson. 
tSA-€RlF'I-GA-BLE, a. Capable of 
sacrifice. Brown. 

SA-CRIF'I-€ANT, n. [L. sacrijicans.] One that offers 
sacrifice. Hallywell. 
t S A€-RI-FI-€a'TOR, n. [Fr. sacrijiccteur.] A sacrificer; 

one that offers a sacrifice. Brown. 

SA-€RIF'I-€A-T0-RY, a. Offering sacrifice. Sherwood. 
SAC'RI-FICE, (sak're-fize) v. t. [L. sacrifico ,• Fr. sacrifier ; 
Sp. sacrijicar ; It. sacri^care.l 1. To offer to God in horn 
age or worship, by killing and consuming, as victims on 
an altar; to immolate. 2. To destroy, surrender or suffer 
to be lost for the sake of obtaining something. 3. To de 
vote with loss. 4. To destroy ; to kill. 

SAC'RI-FiCE, (sak/re-fize) v. i. To make offerings to God 
by the slaughter and burning of victims. Ex. iii. 
SAC'RI-FiCE, (sak're-fize) ji. [Fr.; L. sacrificiu?n.] 1. An 
offering made to God by killing and burning some animal 
upon an altar. — A sacrifice differs from an oblation ; the 
latter being an offering of a thing entire or without 
change, as tithes or first fruits; whereas sacrifice implies 
a destruction or killing, as of a beast. 2. The thing offer 
ed to God, or immolated by an act of religion. 3. De- 
struction, surrender or loss made or incurred for gaining 
4Some object, or for obliging another. 4. Any thing de- 
stroyed. 

SAC'RI-FiCED, (sak're-fizd) pp. Offered to God upon an 
altar ; destroyed, surrendered, or suffered to be lost. 
SAC'RT-Fl-CER, (sak're-fi-zer) n. One that sacrifices or 
immolates. Dryden, 

SAG-RI-Fi"CI AL, (sak-re-fish'al) a. Performing sacrifice ; 

included in sacrifice ; consisting in sacrifice. Shak. 
SAG'RI-LEGE, n. [Fr. ; L. sacrileaium.] The crime of 
violating or profaning sacred things ; or the alienating to 
laymen or to common purposes what has been appropria- 
ted or consecrated to religious persons or uses. 
SA€-RI-Le'G 10US, (sak-re-l6'jus) a. [L. sacrilegus.] 1. 
Violating sacred things ; polluted with the crime of sac- 
rilege. 2. Containing sacrilege. 

SA€-RI-LE'6rOUS-LY, adv. With sacrilege ; in violation 
of sacred things. 

SA€-RI-Le'G10US-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being sac- 
rilegious. 2, Disposition to sacrilege. 

SAC'RI-LE-GIST, n. One who is guilty of sacrilege. 

ISa GRING, ppr. [from Fr. sacrer.] Consecrating. 
Sa'CKING-BELL, 71. A bell rung before the host. 
Sa'CRIST, n. A sacristan ; a person retained in a cathe- 
dral to copy out music for the choir, and take care of the 
books. 

SAC'RIS-TAN, n. [Fr. sacristain ; It. sacristano ; Sp. 
sacristan.'^ An officer of the church who has the care of 
the utensils or movables of the church. It is now cor- 
rupted into sexton. 

SAC RIS-TY, n. [Fr. sacristie ; Sp., It. sacristia.] An 
apartment in a church where the sacred utensils are kept ; 
now called the vestry. 

t SAC'RO-S ANCT, a. [L. 5acro5anctu5.] Sacred ; inviola- 
ble. More. , 

SAD, a. [In W. sad signifies wise, prudent, sober.] 1. Sor- 
rowful ; affected with grief ; cast down with affliction. 

2. Habitually melancholy ; gloomy ; not gay or cheerffil. 

3. Downcast ; gloomy ; having the external appearance 

of sorrow. 4. Serious ; grave ; not gay, light or volatile. 
5. Afflictive ; calamitous ; causing sorrow. 6 . Dark-col- 
ored ; [ 065 .] 7. Bad ; vexatious ; [colloquial.] Jiddisun. 

8 . Heavy; weighty; ponderous; [ofts.l 9. Close; firm; 
cohesive ; opposed to light or friable ; [ 065 .] 

SAD'DEIV, (sad'n) v. t. 1. To make sad or sorrowful ; also, 
to make melancholy or gloomy. 2. To make dark-color- 
ed ; [ 0 . 65 J 3. To make heavy, firm or cohesive ; [ois.] 
SAD'DENED, pp. Made sad or gloomy. 

SAD'DEN-ING, ppr. Making sad or gloomy. 

SAD'DLE, (sad'l) n. [Sax. sadel^ sadl ; D. ladel ; G. sattel.] 
1. A seat to be placed on a horse’s back for the rider to sit 
on. — 2. Among seamen^ a cleat or block of wood nailed on 
the lower yard-arms to retain the studding-sail-booms in 
tlifiir place. 

SAD'DLE, V. t. 1. To put a saddle on. 
burden on. 

SAD'DLE-BACKED, a. Having a low back and an eleva- 
ted neck and head, as a horse. Far. Diet. 
SAD'DLE-BoW, n. [Sax. sadl-boga.] The bows of a sad- 
dle, or the pieces which form the front. 

SAD'DLE-M aK-ER, or SAD'DLER, n. One whose occu- 
pation is ^ make saddles. 

SAD-DU-Ce'AN, a. Pertaining to the Sadducees, a sect 
among the ancient Jews, .dets xxiii. 


2. To load ; to fix a 


SAD'DU-CISM, n. The tenets of the Sadducees. Mors> 
SAD'IR-ON, (sad'i-urn) n. An instrument used to smooth 
clothes after washing ; a flat-iron. [Little used.] 

SAI^LY, adv. 1. Sorrowfully ; mournfully. Dryden. 2. In 
a calamitous or miserable manner. 3. In a dark color; 

[oZ»5.] 

SAD'NESS, n. 1. Sorrowfulness ; mournfulness ; dejection 
of mind. 2. A melancholy look ; gloom of countenance. 
3. Seriousness ; sedate gravity. 

SAFE, a. [Fr. saufy sauve ; L. salvus.] 1. Free from dan- 
ger of any kind. 2. Free from hurt, injury or damage. 
3. Conferring safety ; securing from harm. 4. Not expo- 
sing to danger. Phil. iii. 5. No longer dangerous ; placed 
beyond the power of doing harm. 

SAFE, n. A place of safety ; a place for securing provisions 
from noxious animals, 
t SAFE, V. t. To render safe. Shak. 

SAFE-CON'DUCT, n. [safe and conduct ; Fr. sauf-con- 
duit.] That which gives a safe passage, either a convoy 
or guard to protect a person in an enemy’s country or in 
a foreign country, or a writing, a pass or warrant of secu- 
rity given to a person by the sovereign of a country to 
enable him to travel with safety. 

SaFE'GUARD, 71. 1. He or that which defends or protects ; 
defense ; protection. 2. A convoy or guard to protect a 
traveler. 3. A passport ; a warrant of security given by 
a sovereign to protect a stranger within his territories. 4. 
An outer petticoat to save women’s clothes on horseback. 
SaFE'GUARD, v. t. To guard ; to protect. [Little used.] 
SAFE-KEEP'ING, n. [safe and keep.] The act of keeping 
or preserving in safety from injury or from escape. 
SaFE'LY, adv. 1. In a safe manner; without incurring 
danger. 2. Without injury. 3. Without escape ; in close 
custody. 

SaFE'NESS, n. 1. Freedom from danger. 2. The state of 
being safe, or of conferring safety. 

SaFE'TY, n. Freedom from danger or hazard. 2. Exemp- 
tion from hurt, injury or loss. 3. Preservation from es- 
cape ; close custody. 4. Preservation from hurt. 
SaFE'TY-LAMP, n. An invention of Sir Humphrey Davy, 
to prevent explosions in mines. The light is placed with- 
in a network of fine wire, through which the combusti- 
ble gasses pass slowly and are consumed without explo- 
sion. 

SaFE'TY-VALVE, n. A valve by means of which a 
boiler is preserved from bursting by the force of steam. 
SAF'FLoW, ) 71. The plant bastard saffron, of the 
SAF'FLOW-ER, J genus carthamus. 

SAF'FLOW-ER, 77. A deep-red fecula separated from 
orange-colored flowers. 

♦SAF'FRON, n, [W. safrwUy saf yr ; _Fr. safran ; Arm. 
zafroti ,* G., Sw., Dan. safiran.] 1. A plant of the genus 
crocus. — 2. In materia medica, saffron is formed of the 
stigmata of the crocus ojficinalisy dried on a kiln and 
pressed into cakes. 

*SAF'FRON, a. Having the color of saffron flowers; yel- 
low. Dryden. 

* S AF'FRON, V. t. To tinge with saffron ; to make yellow ; 

to gild. Chaucer. 

SAF'FRON-Y, a. Having the color of saffron. Lord. 

SAG, 75. i. [a different spelling of swag.] 1. To yield; to 
give way ; to lean or incline from an upright position, or 
to bend from a horizontal position. — 2. In sailmg, to in- 
cline to the leeward ; to make lee way. Mar. Diet. 

SAG, V. t. To cause to bend or give way ; to load or burden. 
SA-Ga'CIOUS, a. [L. sagax ; Fr. sage^ sagesse ; Sp. saga^ 
sagaz ; It. saggio.] 1. duick of scent. 2. Cluick of 
thought ; acute in discernment or penetration. 
SA-Ga'CIOUS-LY, adv. 1. With quick scent. 2. With 
quick discernment or penetration. 

SA-Ga/CIOUS-NESS, 77. 1. The quality of being sagacious; 
quickness of scent. 2. duickness or acuteness of dis- 
cernment. 

SA-GAC'I-TY, 77 . [Fr. sagacite ; L. sagacitas.] 1. duick- 
ness or acuteness of scent ; applied to animals. 2. diiick- 
ness or acuteness of discernment or penetration ; readiness 
of apprehension. 

SAG'A-MORE, 77. Among some tribes of American IndianSy 
a king or chief. 

SAG'A-PEN, ) 77. In pharmacy y a gum-resin, brought 
SAG-A-Pe'NUM, I from Persia and the East. 
SAG'x\-THY, 77. A kind of serge ; a slight woolen stuff. 
SAGE, 77. [Fr. sauge ; Ar. saoch.] A plant of the genus 
salviay of several species. 

SAGE, a. [Fr. sage ; It. saggio.] 1. Wise ; having nice 
discernment and powers of judging ; prudent; grave. 2. 
Wise ; judicious ; proceeding from wisdom ; well judged; 
well adapted to the purpose. 

SAGE, 77. A wise man ; a man of gravity and wisdom ; 
particularhjy a man venerable for years, and known as a 
man of sound judgment and prudence ; a grave philoso- 
pher. 

SaGE'LY, adv. Wisely ; with just discernment and pru- 
dence. 


* Sec Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, Io77£-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PRfiY PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete. 


SAI 719 SAL 


SA-6eNE', n. A Russian measure of about seven English 
feet. 

SaGE'NESS, n. Wisdom ; sagacity ; prudence ; gravity. 

SAG'EN-ITE, n. Acicular rutile. C/re. 

SAO'IN-ATE, V. t. To pamper; to fatten. Cocheram. 

* SAOi'IT-T AL, a. [L. sagittalis.] Pertaining to an arrow ; 
resembling an arrow. — In anatomy^ the sagittal suture is 
the suture which unites the parietal bones of the skull. 

SA<j-IT-Ta'111-US, n. [L. an archer.] One of the twelve 
signs of the zodiac, which the sun enters Nov. 22. 

SAG'IT-TA-RY, 71. A centaur, an animal lialf man, half 
horse, armed with a bow and quiver. Shak. 

SAG'IT-TA-RY, a. Belonging to an arrow ; proper for an 
arrow. 

SAG'IT-TATE, a. In botany, shaped like the head of an 
arrow ; triangular, hollowed at the base. 

Sa'GO, 71. A dry, mealy substance or granulated paste, 
imported from Java and the Philippine and Molucca isles. 

SA-GOIN', 71. The sagoins form a division of the genus simia. 

Sa'GY, a. Full of sage ; seasoned with sage. 

SAH'LITE, 71. A mineral named from the mountain Salila, 

Sa'I€, 71. A Turkish or Grecian vessel. J\Iar. Diet. 

SAID, (sed) pret. and pp. of say ; so written for sayed. 1. 
Declared ; uttered ; reported. 2. Aforesaid ; before men- 
tioned. 

SAIL, 71. [Sax., G., Sw. segel ; Dan. scjl ; D. zeil.] 1. In 
navigation, a spread of canvas, or sheet which receives 
the impulse of wind by which a ship is driven. — 2. In 
poetry, wings. Spenser. 3. A ship or other vessel ; used 
in the singular for a single ship, or as a collective name for 
many . — To loose sails, to unfurl them. — To make sail, io 
extend an additional quantity of sail. — To set sail, to ex- 
pand or spread the sails ; and hence, to begin a voyage. — 
I'o shorten sail, to reduce the extent of sail, or take in a 
part. — To strike sail. 1. To lower the sails suddenly. 2. 
To abate show or pomp ; [colloquial.] Shak. 

SAIL, V. i. 1. To be 'mpelled or driven forward by the ac- 
tion of wind upon sails, as a ship on water. 2. To be 
conveyed in a vessel on water ; to pass by water. 3. To 
swim. 4. To set sail ; to begin a voyage. 5. To be car- 
ried in the air, as a balloon. 6. To pass smoothly along. 
7. To fly without striking with tlie wings. 

SAIL, V. t. 1. To pass or move upon in a ship, by means of 
sails. 2. To fly through. Pope. 

SAIL'A-BLE, a. Navigable ; that may be passed by ships. 

SATL'-BGRNE, a. Borne or conve5’ed by sails. J. Barlow. 

SAIL'-BROAD, a. Spreading like a sail. JMilton. 

SAILED, pp. Passed in ships or other water-craft. 

SAIL'ER, n. I. One that sails ; a seaman ; usually, sailor. 

2. A ship or other vessel, with reference to her manner of 
sailing. 

SAIL'IJN'G, ppr. Moving on water or in air ; passing in a 
ship or other vessel. 

SAIL'ING, n. 1. The act of moving on water ; or the move- 
ment of a ship or vessel impelled by the action of wind on 
her sails. 2. Movement through the air, as in a balloon. 

3. The act of setting sail or beginning a voyage. 

SAIL'-LOFT, 71. A loft or apartment where sails are cut 

out and made. 

SAIL'-MAK-ER, n. 1. One whose occupation is to make 
sails. 2. An officer on board ships of war, whose business 
is to repair or alter sails. 

SAIL'-MAK-ING, n. The art or business of making sails. 

SAIL'OR, n. [a more common spelling than 5ai/<;r.] A mar- 
iner ; a seaman ; one who follows the business of naviga- 
ting ships or other vessels. 

SAIL'Y, a. Like a sail. Drayton. 

SAIL'-YARD, 71. [Sax. segl-gyrd.] The yard or spar on 
which sails are extended. Dryden. 

SAIM, ??. [Sax. W. saim.] Lard. [Local.] 

f SAIN, for sayen, pp. of say. Shak. 

SAIN'FOIN, ) n. [Fr. sainfoin.] A plant cultivated for 

SAINT'FOIN, \ fodder. 

SAINT, n. [Fr. ; L. sanctus ; It., Sp. santo.] 1. A person 
sanctified ; a holy or godly person ; one eminent for piety 
and virtue. 2. One of the blessed in heaven. Rev. xviii. 
3. The holy angels are called saints. Jude 14. 4. One 
canonized by the church of Rome. Encyc. 

SAINT, V. t. To number or enroll among saints by an offi- 
cial act of the pope ; to canonize. 

SAINT, V. i. To act with a show of piety. Pope. 

SAINT'ED, pp. 1. Canonized ; enrolled among the saints. 
2. a. Holy ; pious. 3. Sacred. Milton. 

SAINT'ESS, n. A female saint. Fisher. 

SAINT JOHN’S BREAD, n. A plant. 

SAINT JOHN’S VV6RT, n. A plant. 

SAlNT'LiKE, a. [samt and Ztite.] 1. Resembling a saint. 
2. Suiting a saint ; becoming a saint. Dryden. 

SAINT'LY, a. Like a saint ; becoming a holy person. 

SAINT PE-TER’S W6RT, ti. A plant. 

SaINT’S' BELL, n. A small bell rung in churches. 

SAINT'-SEEM-ING, a. Having the appearance of a saint. 
Mountagu. 

SAINT'SHIP, 71. The character or qualities of a saint. 


SA-JeNE', n. [written, also, sagene.] A Russian meaMri? 
of length, equal to seven feet English measure. 

SAKE, 71. [Sax. sac, saca ; D. zaak ; G. sache ; Sw. sak 
and orsak ; Dan. sag.] 1. Final cause ; end ; purpose ; or 
rather the purpose of obtaining. 2. Account ; regard ta 
any person or thing. 

SA'KER, n. [Fr. 6'ac re.] 1. A hawk ; a species of falcon.. 
2. A piece of artillery. Hudibras. 

SAK'ER-ET, n. The male of the saker-hawk. 

SAL, 71. Sait ; a word much used in chemistry. 

SA'LA-BLE, a. [from sale.] That may be sold ; that finds 
a ready market ; being in good demand. 

SA'LA-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being salable. 

SA'LA-BLY, adv. In a salable manner. 

SA-LA'CIOUS, a. [L. 5rtla7:.] Lustful; lecherous. 

SA-LA'CIOUS-LY, adv. Lustfully ; with eager animal ap- 
petite. 

SA-LA'CIOUS-NESS, 1 n. Lust ; lecherousness ; strong pro- 

SA-LAC'I-TY, I pensity to venery. 

SAL' AD, 71. [Fr. salade ; D. salaade ; G., Sw. salat ; Dan. 
salad.] Raw herbs, usually dressed with salt, vinegar, 
oil or spices, and eaten for giving a relish to other food. 

SAL'AD-ING, 71. Vegetables for salads. Cheyne. 

SAL A-LEM'BROTlI, 71. A compound muriate of mercury 
and ammonia. Ure. 

fSA-LAM', 71. [Oriental, peace or safety.] A salutation or 
compliment of ceremony or respect. Herbert. 

SAL'A-MAN-DER, n. [L., Gr. salamandra.] An animal of 
the genus lacerta, or lizard, one of the smaller species of 
the genus. The vulgar story of its being able to endure 
fire, is a mistake. — Salaniander^s hair or wool, a name 
given to a species of asbestos or mineral flax. 

SAL-A-MAN'DRINE, a. Pertaining to or resembling a sal- 
amander ; enduring fire. 

SAL AM-Mo'NI-A€, 71. Muriate of ammonia. Ure. 

SAL'.Ji-RIED, a. Enjoying a salary. 

SAL'A-RY, 71. [Fr. salaire ; It., Sp. salario j L. salarium.’] 
The recompense or consideration stipulated to be paid to 
a person for services, usually a fi.xed sum to be paid by 
the year. 

SALE, 71. [W. sal ,* Sax. sal.] 1. The act of selling ; the 
e.xchange of a commodity for money of equivalent value. 
2. Vent; power of selling ; market. 3. Auction; public 
sale to the highest bidder, or exposure of goods in market ; 
[/. 71.] 4. State of being venal, or of being oflered to 

bribery. 5. [qu. Sax. 5<E/a7i.] A wicker basket. 

SALE, a. Sold; bought; as opposed to homemade. [Collo- 
quial.] 

SAL-E-BROS'I-TY, n. [See Salebrous.] Roughness or 
ruggedness of a place or road. Feltham. 

SAL^E-BROUS, a. [L. ualeZ/rn^'w^.] Rough ; rugged ; un- 
even. [Little used.] 

SAL'EP, 71. [said to be a Turkish word ; written, also, Sa- 
lop, saloop and saleb.] In materia medica, the dried root 
of a species of orchis ; also, a preparation of this root to be 
used as food. 

SaLES'MAN, 71. [sale and man.] 1. One that sells clothes 
ready made. Swift. 2. One who makes sales to custom- 
ers in a store or shop. 

Sa'LET. See Sallet. 

SaLE'WoRK, 71. Work or things made for sale; hence, 
work carelessly done. Shak. 

SAL'I€, a. [The origin of this word is not ascertained.] 
The Salic laio of France is a fundamental law, by virtue 
of which males only can inherit the throne. 

'♦'Sa'LI-ENT, a. [L. sahens.] 1. Leaping; an epithet in 
heraldry, applied to a lion or other beast, represented in a 
leaping posture. — 2. l\\ fortification, projecting; as a sali- 
ent angle. 

* Sa'LI-ENT, a. [L. saliens.] 1 . Leaping ; moving by leaps ; 
as frogs. 2. Beating ; throbbing ; as the heart. 3. Slioot- 
ing out or up ; springing ; darting. 

SA-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. sal and fero.] Producing or bear- 
ing salt. Eaton. 

SAL'I-FI-A-BLE, a. Capable of becoming a salt, or of com- 
bining with an acid to form a neutral salt. 

SAL-I-FI-Ca'TION, 71. The act of salifying. 

SALT-FIED, pp. Fornred into a neutral salt by combination 
with an acid. 

SAL'I-FY, V. t. [L. sal and /ado.] To form into a neutral 
salt, by combining an acid with an alkali, earth or 
metal. 

SAL'I-FY-TNG, ppr. Forming into a salt by combination 
with an acid. 

SAL'I-GOT, 71. [Fr.] A plant, the water-thistle. 

SAL-I-Na'T10N, 71. [L. sal, salinator.] The act of washing 
with salt-water. Greenhill. 

*SA-LiNE', )a. [Fr. 5aZm.] 1. Consisting of salt, or con- 

SA-LT'NOUS, j stituting salt. 2. Partaking of the quali- 
ties of salt. 

* 6A-LTNE', n. [Sp., It. salina ; Fr. saZiTic.] A salt-spring, 
or a place where salt-water is collected in the earth. 

SAL-I-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. sal, ^alinTtTn, and /ero.] Pro- 
ducing salt. 


* Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 


SAL 


SAL 


720 


SA-LIN'I-FORM, a. [L. sal^ salinum^ and/om.] Having 
the form of sak. 

SA-Ll'J\0-T£R'RENE, a. [L. saZ, salinum and tei're 7 ius.] 
Denoting a compound of salt and earth. 

SAL'ITE, V. t. [L. salio.] To salt j to impregnate or season 
with salt. [Little used.] 

SA-LI'VA, ) n. [L. saliva.] The fluid which is secreted by 

SAL'IVE, ) the salivary glands, and which serves to 
moisten the mouth and tongue. 

*SA-Li'VAL, ) a. [from saZiua.] Pertainingtosalivajse- 

SAL'I-VA-RY, \ creting or conveying saliva. 

SAL'I-VATE, V. t. [{rom saliva ; Fr. saliver.] To excite 
an unusual secretion and discharge of saliva in a person, 
usually by mercury ; to produce ptyalism in a person. 

SAL'I-V A-TED, pp. Having an increased secretion of saliva 
from medicine. 

SAL'1-VA-TING, ppr. Exciting increased secretion of 
saliva. 

SAL-I-V action, n. The act or process of promoting ptya- 
lism, or of producing an increased secretion of saliva, for 
the cure of disease. 

*SA-LI'VOUS, a. Pertaining to saliva j partaking of the 
nature of saliva. Wiseman. 

SAL'LET, n. [Fr. salade.] A head-piece or helmet. 

tSAL'LET, ; r 

■f SA L^LET ING \ iioin 

t SAL'Ll-ANCE, n. [from sally.] An issuing forth. 

SAL'LoVV, 71. [Sax. sal/i, salig ; Ir. sail ,■ Fr. saulc.] A 
tree of the willow kind, or genus salix. 

SAL'LoW, a. [Sax. salowig^ sealwe.] Having a yellowish 
color ; of a pale, sickly color, tinged with a dark yellow. 

BAL'LoW-NESS, n. A yellowish color ; paleness tinged 
with a dark yellow. 

SAL'LY, n. [Fr. saillie ; It. salitaT] Sp. salida.] 1. An 
issue or rushing of troops from a besieged place to attack 
the besiegers. 2. A spring or darting of intellect, fancy 
or imagination ; flight j sprightly exertion. 3. Excursion 
from the usual track j range. 4. Act of levity or extrava- 
gance j wild gayety ; frolick. 

SAL'LY, V. i. [Fr. saillkr ,* Arm. sailha ; It. salire ; Sp. sa- 
lir ; L. salio.' 1. To issue or rush out, as a bcdy of troops 
from a fortified place to attack besiegers. 2. To issue 
suddenly ; to make a sudden eruption. 

SAL'LY-ING, pp7'. Issuing or rushing out. 

SAL'LY-PoRT, 11 . 1. In fortification^ a postern gate, or a 
passage under ground from the inner to the outer works, 
such as from the higher flank to the lower, or to the te- 
nailles, or to the communication from the middle of the 
curtain to the ravelin. 2. A large port on each quarter of 
a fire-ship for the escape of the men into boats when the 
train is fired. 

SAL-MA-GUN'DI, n. [Sp. salpicon, corrupted. See Salpi- 
coN.] A mixture of chopped meat and pickled herring 
with oil, vinegar, pepper and onions. Johnson. 

SAL'MI-A€, n. A contraction of sal ammoniac. 

SALM'ON, (sam'rnun) n. [L. salmo ; Fr. saumon.] A fish 
of the genus salmo. 

BALM'oN-TROUT, (sam'mun-trout) n. A species of trout 
resembling the salmon in color. Walton. 

SA-LOON', -n. [It. 5aZ owe ,• Sp., Fr. sa/on.] \n architecture, 
a lofty, spacious hall, vaulteu at the top, and usually 

ies, with two ranges of windows. 


Stuffing ; farce ; chopped meat or 
bread, &c., used to stuff legs of veal ; called, also, salma- 
gundi. 

f SAL-SA-MEN-Ta'RI-OUS, a. [1,. salsamentai'ius.] Per- 
taining to salt things. Diet. 

BAIVSI-FY, 71. [Fr. salsifis.] Goat’s-beard, a plant. 

SAL-SO-AC'ID, a. [L. salsus and acidus.] Having a taste 
compounded of saltness and acidness. [Little used.] 

SAL-Sti'GI-NOUS, a. [L. salsugo.] Saltish. 

SALT, 71. [Sax. salt, seal t ; Goth.,Sw., Dan. salt ; G.salz; 
it. sale ; Fr. sel ; L., Sp., Port, sal.] 1. Common salt is 
the muriate of soda, a substance used for seasoning cer- 
tain kinds of food, and for the preservation of meat, &c. — 
2. In chemistry, a body compounded of an acid united to 
some base. 3. Taste ; sapor j smack. 4. Wit : poignan- 
cy ; as, Attic salt. 

SALT, a. 1. Having the taste of salt ; impregnated with 
salt. 2. Abounding with salt. 3. Overflowed with salt- 
water, or impregnated with it. 4. Growing on salt marsh 
or meadows and having the taste of salt. 5. Producing 
salt-water. 6. Lecherous ; salacious. 

SALT, n. 1. The part of a river near the sea, where the 
water is salt. 2. A vessel for holding salt. 

SALT, V. t. 1. To sprinkle, impregnate or season with 
salt. 2. To fill with salt between the timbers and planks, 
as a ship, for the preservation of the timber. 

SALT, V. i. To deposit salt from a saline substance. 

SALT, 71. [Fr. saut.] A leap ; the act of jumping. 

ALT' ANT, a [L. saltans.] Leaping ; dancing. 


comprehending two st( 
SA-LOOP', } g g 
Sa'LOP. i fcALEP. 

SAL'PI-CON, n. fSp.! 


SAL-Ta'TION, n. [h. saltatio.] 1. A leaping or jumping# 
2. Beating or palpitation. 

SALT'CAT, n. A lump or heap of salt, made at the salt- 
works, which attracts pigeons. 

SALT'-CEL-LAR, n. [salt and cellar.] A small vessel used 
for holding salt on the table. Sioift. 

SALT'ED, pp. Sprinkled, seasoned or impregnated with 
salt. 

SALT'ER, n. 1. One who salts j one who gives or applies 
salt. 2. One that sells salt. 

SALT'ERN, 11 . A salt-work ; a building in which salt is 
made by boiling or evaporation. Encyc. 

SALT'IER, 71. [Fr. sautoir.] In heraldry, one of the honor- 
able ordinaries, in the form of St. Andrew’s cross. 

f SALT'IN-BAN-CO, 71. [Fr. saltimbanque.] A mountebank j 
a quack. Brown. 

SALT'ING, ppr. Sprinkling or seasoning with salt. 

SALT'ING, 71. The act of sprinkling or impregnating with 
salt. 

SALT'ISH, a. Somewhat salt. 

SALT'ISH-LY, adv. With a moderate degree of saltness. 

SAlT'ISH-NESS, 71. A moderate degree of saltness. 

SALT'LESS, a. Destitute of salt -, insipid. 

SALT'LY, adv. With taste of salt ; in a salt manner. 

SALT'-MINE, 11 . A mine where fossil salt is obtained. 

SALT'NESS, 11 . 1. The quality of being impregnated with 
salt. 2. Taste of salt. 

SALT'-PAN, or SALT'-PIT, n. A pan, basin or pit where 
salt is obtained or made. Bacon. 

SALT-Pe'TRE, ) n. [salt, and Gr. rrerpof.] A neutral salt 

SALT-Pe'TER, I formed by the nitric acid in combina- 
tion with potash, and hence denominated nitrate of 
potash. _ 

SALT-PE'TROUS, a. Pertaining to saltpetre, or partaking 
of its qualities j impregnated with saltpetre. 

SALT-RHEuM', 11 . Herpes ; an affection of the skin. 

SALTS, n. The salt water of rivers entering from the 
ocean. S. Carolina. 

SALT'-WA-TER, n. Water impregnated with salt ; sea- 
water. 

SALT'-W6RK, n. A house or place where salt is made. 

SAlT'-WoRT, 71. A plant; jointed glasswort. 

t SALT' Y, a. Somewhat salt. Cotgrave. 

SA-Lu'BRI-OUS, a. [L. saluber, salubris.] Favorable to 
health ; healthful ; promoting health. 

SA-Lu’BRI-OUS-LY, adv. So as to promote health. 

SA-Lu'BRl-TY, 11 . [L. salubritas.] Wholesomeness ; 

healthfulness ; favorableness to the preservation of health. 

SAL'U-TA-RI-NESS, n. 1. Wholesomeness; the quality 
of contributing to health or safety. 2. The quality of pro- 
moting good or prosperity. 

SAL'U-TA-RY, a. [Fr. salutaire ,* L. salutaiis.] 1. Whole- 
some ; healthful ; promoting health. 2. Promotive of 
public safety ; contributing to some beneficial purpose. 

SAL-U-Ta'TION, 77. [Fr. ; L. salutatio.] The act of salut- 
ing ; a greeting ; the act of paying respect or reverence 
by the customary words or actions. 

SA-Lu'TA-TO-RY, a. Greeting ; containing salutations. 
An epithet applied to the oration which introduces the exer- 
cises of commencement in American colleges. 

f SA-Ltr'TA-TO-RY, n. [Low L. salutatorium.] Place of 
greeting. 

SA-LuTE', V. t. [L. saluto ; It. salutare ; Sp. saluda.r ; Fr. 
saluer.] 1. To greet ; to hail; to address with expressions 
of kind wishes. 2. To please ; to gratify ; [7i7?775uaZ.] 3. 

To kiss. — 4. In military and naval affairs, to honor some 
person or nation by a discharge of cannon or small arms, 
by striking colors, by shouts, &c. 

SA-LuTE', 11 . 1. The act of expressing kind wishes or re- 
spect ; salutation ; greeting. 2. A kiss. — 3. In military 
affairs, a discharge of cannon or small arms in honor of 
some distinguished personage. — 4. In the navy, a testimo- 
ny of respect or deference rendered by ships, which is 
performed by a discharge of cannon, &c. 

SA-LuT'ED, pp. Hailed ; greeted. 

SA-LfjT'ER, 77. One who salutes. 

SAL-U-TIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. salutifer.] Bringing health ; 
healthy. Dennis. 

SALV-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The possibility of being saved or ad- 
mitted to everlasting life. Saunderson. 

SALV'A-BLE, a. [L. salvus.] That may be saved, or re- 
ceived to everlasting happiness. 

SAIW'AGE, 11 . [Fr. salvage.] In commerce, a reward or 
recompense allowed by law for the saving of a ship or 
goods from loss at sea. 

f SALV'AGE, for savage. See Savage. 

SAL-Va'TION, 77. [It. salvazione ; Sp. salvacion.] 1. The 
act of saving ; preservation from destruction, danger or 
great calamity. — 2. Appropriately, in theology, the re- 
demption of man from the bondage of sin and liability to 
eternal deaths and the conferring on him everlasting hap- 
piness. 3. Deliverance from enemies ; victory. Ex. xiv. 
4. Remission of sins, or saving graces. Luke xix. 5. The 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tJ, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PRgY PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete. 


SAN 


721 


SAN 


Author of man’s salvation. Ps. xxvii. 6 . A term of praise 
or benediction. Rev. xix. 

SALV'A-TO-llY, 71. [Fr. salv at oire.'\ A place where things 
are preserved ; a repository. Hale. 

* SALVE, (salv, or sav) n. [Sax. scaJfe ; from L. 

1. A glutinous composition or substance to be applied to 
wounds or sores. 2. Help ; remedy. 

* SALVE, (salv, or s'av) v. t. 1. To heal by applications or 
medicaments ; [Z. u.] 2. To help ; to remedy 3 [1. «.] 3. 
To help or remedy by a salvo, excuse or reservation j [Z. 
^f.] 4. To salute ; [oZ^s.] 

SAL'VER, n. A piece of plate with a foot j or a plate on 
which any thing is presented. Pope. 

I SAL-VIFHC, a. [L. saicus and /acie.] Tending to save or 
secure safety. C/i. Relig. Appeal. 

SAL'VO, 77 . [L. salvo jure.] An exception 3 a reservation 3 
an excuse. K. Charles. 

SALV'Oll, n. One who saves a ship or goods at sea. 

SA-M ART-TAN, a. J. Pertaining to Samaria. 2. Denot- 
ing the ancient characters and alphabet used by the He- 
brews. 

SA-M ART-TAN, n. 1 . An inhabitant of Samaria, or one 
that belonged to the sect wliich derived their appellation 
from that city. 2. The language of Samaria, a dialect of 
the Chaldean. 

SAM'BO, n. The oftspring of a black person and a mu- 
latto. 

SAME, a. [Sa.x. same ; Goth, sama, samo ; Dan. . 9 a 777 ? 7 ic ; 
Sw. *a/H 77 it;.] 1. Identical 3 not different or other. 2. Of 
the identical kind or species, though not the specific thing. 
3. That was mentioned before. Daniel. 4. Equal 3 ex- 
actly similar. 

I SAME, adv. [Sax. satti.] Together. Spenser. 

SaME^NESS, 11 . 1 . Identity 3 the state of being not differ- 
ent or other. 2. Near resemblance 3 correspondence 3 
similarity. 

Sa'MI-AN EARTH, 7 ?. [Gr. Samos.] The name of a marl 
of two species, used in medicine as an astringent. 

SA'Ml-EL, or SI-MOOM', n. [Ar.] A hot and destructive 
wind tl)at sometimes blows in Arabia. 

I SAMTTE, 77 . [Old Fr.] A species of silk stuff. 

SAM'LET, 77 . A little salmon. Walton. 

SAMP, 77 . A species of food composed of maize broken or 
bruised, boiled and mixed with milk. H'ew England. 

SAMP^ANE, 77 . A kind of vessel used by the Cliinese. 

SAIM'PHIRE, 77. [said to be a corruption of Saint Pierre.] 
A plant of the genus crithmum. 

SAM'PLE, 77. [L. exemplum ; Sp., Port, excmplo ; It. escrn- 
pio ; Fr. exemple ; Ir. somplar.] 1 . A specimen 3 a part of 
any thing presented for inspection, or inteiided to be 
sliown, as evidence of the quality of tlie whole. 2. Ex- 
ample 3 instance. 

SAM'PLE, V. t. To show something similar. Ainsicortli. 

SAM'PLER, 77 . [L. exemplar.] A pattern of work 3 a speci- 
men 3 particularly, a piece of needle-work by young girls 
for improvement. 

SAM'SON’S-PoST, n. \w ships, a notched post used instead 
of a ladder 3 also, a piece of timber that forms a return for 
a tackle-fall. 

SAjN'A-BLE, a. [L. sanaUUs.] That may be healed or 
cured 3 susceptible of remedy. More. 

f SA-Na'TION, 77. [L. sanatio.] The act of healing or 
curing. Wiseman. 

SAN'A-TiVE, a. [L. sano, to heal.] Having the pow'er to 
cure or heal 3 healing 3 tending to heal. 

SAN'A-Ti VE-NESS, n. The power of healing. 

SANCE'-BELL, 77. A corruption of saint’s-bell, which see. 

f SAN€'T[-FI-GATE, v. t. To sanctify. Barrow. 

SAN€-TI-FI-€a'TION, ti. [Fr. 3 Low L. sanctijicatio.] 1. 
The act of making holy. 2. The act of consecrating or of 
setting apart for a sacred purpose 3 consecration. 

SANG'Tl-FIED, pp. 1. Made holy 3 consecrated 3 set apart 
for sacred services. 2. Affectedly holy. 

SAN€'TI-FI-ER, n. He that sanctifies or makes holy. 

SANG'TI-FY, v.t. \Fx. sanctifier ; \l. santificare &\). san- 
tificar ; Low L. sanctifico.] 1. In a general sense, |p 
cleanse, purify or make holy. 2. To separate, set apart 
or appoint to a holy, sacred or religious use. 3. To puri- 
fy 3 to prepare for divitie service, and for partaking of 
holy things. Ex. xix. 4. To separate, ordain and apj)oint 
to the work of redemption and the government of the 
church. John x. 5. To cleanse from conaiption 3 to purify 
from sin. G. To make the means of holiness 3 to render 
productive of holiness or piety. 7. To make free from 
guilt. 8 . To secure from violation. 

SAN€'TI-FY-ING, ppr. 1. Making holy 3 purifying from 
the defilements of sin 3 separating to a holy use. 2 . a. 
Tending to sanctify 3 adapted to increase holiness. 

SANC-Tl-Mo'NI-OUS, a. [E. sanctimonia.] Saintly 3 hav- 
ing the appearance of sanctity. 

SANG-TI-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, adv. With sanctimony. 

SAXe-TI-Mo'NI-OUS-NESS, 7?. State of l)eing knctimo- 
nious 5 sanctity, or the appearance of it 5 devoutness. 

SANG'TI-MO-NY, 77 . [L. sa77cZ77770777a.] Holiness 3 devout- 


iiess 3 scrupulous austerity 3 sanctity, or the appearance 
of it. [Little used.] Raleigh. 

SANC'TION, 77. [Fr. 3 L. sanctio.] 1. Ratification 3 an 
official act of a superior by which he ratifies and gives 
validity to the act of some other person or body. 2. Au- 
thority 3 confirmation derived from testimony, character, 
inlluence or custom. 3. A law or decree 3 [improper .] 
Denham. 

SANG'TION, V. i. To ratify 3 to confirm 3 to give validity 
or authority to. Burke. 

SANC'4TONED, pp. Ratified 3 confinned 3 authorized. 

SAN€'TTON-iNG, ppr. Ratifying 3 authorizing. 

SANG'Tl-TUDE, n. [L. sanctus, sanctitudo. ] Holiness ; 
sacredness. Milton. 

SAN€'Ti-TY, 77. [L. c‘a 77 cf 7 Zas.] 1. Holiness 3 state of being 
sacred or holy. 2. Goodness 3 purity 3 godliness. 3. tea- 
credness 3 solemnity. 4. A saint or holy being 3 [7777- 
%isaal.] 

I SANG'TU-A-RiZE, v. t. [from sanctuary .] To shelter by 
means of a sanctuary or sacred privileges. Shah. 

SANG'TU-A-RY, n. [Fr. sanctuaire j santuario ; 

L. sanctuarium.] 1. A sacred place 3 particular In, among 
the Israelites, the most retired pait of tlie temple at Jeru- 
salem, called the Holy of Holies. 2. The temple at Je- 
rusalem. 3. A house consecrated to the worship of God 3 
a place where divine service is performed. — 4. In Catholic, 
churches, that part of a church where the altar is placed, 
enconipassed with a balustrade. 5. A place of protec- 
tion 3 a sacred asylum. 0. Shelter 3 protection. 

SAND, 77. [Sax., G., Sw., Dan. sand-, D. tand.] 1. Any 
mass or collection of fine particles of stone, paitfcularly of 
fine particles of silicious stone, but not strictly reduced to 
powder or dust. — 2. Sands, in the plural, tracts of land 
consisting of sand, like the deserts of Arabia and Af- 
rica. 

SAND, V. t. 1. To sprinkle with sand. 2. To drive upon 
the sand. 

SAN'DAL, 77. [Fr. sandale ^ \t. sandal 0 Sp. sandalia ; L. 
sandaliam.] 1. A kind of shoe, consisting of a sole fas- 
tened to the foot. Pope. 2. A shoe or slipper worn by the 
pope and other Romish prelates when they officiate. 

SAN'DAL, SAN'DAL-WgOD, or SAN'DERS, 77. [Ar.] 
A kind of wood which grows in the East-Jndies and has 
a bitter taste and an aromatic smell. 

SAN'DA-RAG, ) 71 . [L. sandaraca.] ]. A resin in wliite 

SAN'DA-RAGH, J tears, more transparent than those of 
mastic 3 obtained from the juniper. 2. A native fossil 3 
also, a coinl)ination of arsenic and sulphur 3 orpinient. 

SAND'-BAG, 77. A bag filled with sand, used in fortifi- 
cation. 


SAND'-BATH, 77. A bath made by warm sand, with which 
something is enveloped. 

SAND'-BLIND, a. Having a defect of sight, by means of 
which small particles appear to fiy before the eyes. 

SAND'-BOX, 77 . 1. A box with a perforated top or cover, 
for sprinkling paper with sand. 2. A tree or p'lant. 

SAxXD'ED, pp. 1. Sprinkled with sand. 2. a. Covered 
with sand 3 barren. 3. Marked with small spots 3 varie- 
gated with spots 3 speckled 3 of a sandy color. 4. Short- 
sighted. 

SAND'-EEL, 77 . The ammodyte, a fish. 

SAND'ER-LING, n. A bird of the plover kind. 

SAN'DERS. See Sandal. 

SAN'DE-VER, or SAN'DI-VER, 77. [Fr. sain de verre, or 
saint de verre.] Glass-gall 3 a whitish salt which is cast 
up from the materials of glass in fusion. 

SAND'-FLooD, n. A vast body of sand moving or borne 
along the deserts of Arabia. Brace. 

SAND'-HjlAT, 71. The heat of warm sand, in chemical op- 
era tio7is. 


SANDT-NESS, n. [from sa7idy.] 1. The state of being 
sandy. 2. The state of being of a sandy color. 

SAND'ISH, a. [from sand.] Approaching the nature of 
sand 3 loose 3 not compact. Evelyn. 

SANDTX, 77 . A kind of minium or red lead, made of ce- 
ruse, but inferior to the true minium. E7icyc. 

SAND'FI-PER, 71. A bird of the geous tringa. 

SAND'STONE, n. A stone composed chiefly of grains of 
quartz united by a cement, calcarious, marly, argillaceous 
or silicious. 

SAND'-VVoRT, 77 . A plant. 

SAND'Y, a. [Sax. sa 7 ? 7 Z 7 ^.] 1. Abounding with sand 3 full 
of sand 3 covered or sprinkled with sand. 2. Consisting 
of sand 3 not firm or solid. 3. Of the color of sand 3 of a 

- vellowish-red color. 

SANE, fl. [L. 577 77775 ; D. gezond ; G. gesu7xd.] 1. Sound ; 
not disordered or shattered 3 healthy. 2. Sound 3 not 
disordered 3 having the regular exercise of reason and 
other faculties of the mind. 

SANG, pret. of smg. 

SANG FROID, (sang froa) 7 t. [Fr. 3 cold blood.] 1. Cool- 
ness 3 freedom from agitation or excitement of mind. 2 . 
Indifference. 

SAN'GI-AG, 71 . A Turkish governor of a province. 


^ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D 6 VE 5 — BULL, UNITE.— € as K 5 0 as J 3 S as Z 5 CH as SII 5 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 

■ ’ 4G 


SAP 


SAR 


SAN-GUIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. sanguifer.] Conveying blood. 
The santniiferous vessels are the arteries and veins. 

SAN-GUI-TI-€a'T 10N, ?/. [Fr.] In the animal economy^ 
the production of blood ; the conversion of chyle into 
blood. Arhuthnot. 

SAN'GUI-Fi-ER, n. A producer of blood. Floyer. 
SAN-GUIF'LU-(3uS, a. [L. sajiguis and^uo.] Floating or 
running with blood. 

SAN'GUI-FY, V. i. To produce blood. Hale. 

SAN'GUI-FY-JNG, ypr. Producing blood. 

SAN^GUIN-A-RY, a. [Yv. sanguinaire ; Y. sanguinarius.'] 

1. Bloody; attended with much bloodshed; murderous. 

2. Blood-thirsty ; cruel ; eager to shed blood. 

SAiVGUIN-A-RY, n. A plant. Ainsworth. 

SAN^GUiNE, ) a. [Fr. sangain ; L. sangidncxis.] 1. Red ; 

SAN'GUIiV, \ having the color of blood. Milton. 2. 

Abounding with blood; plethoric. 3. Warm; ardent. 4. 
Confident. 

fSAN'GUlNE, n. Blood color. Spenser. 

SAN'GUiNE, V. t. 1. To stain with blood. 2. To stain or 
varnish with a blood color. 

SAN'GUiNE-LESfci, a. Destitute of blood ; pale. [L.w.] 

SAN'GIJTNE-LY, adv. Ardently; with confidence of suc- 
cess. 

SAN'GUiNE-NESS, n. 1. Redness ; color of blood in the 
skin. 2. Fullness of blood; plethora. 3. Ardor; heat 
of temper ; confidence. 

SAlV-GUiiV'E-OUS, a. [L. sanguineus.'] 1. Abounding 
with blood ; plethoric. 2. Constituting blood. 

t SAN-GTJIi\"'I-TY, fox sanguineness. Swift. 

SAN'GUI-SUGE, ?«. [L. 5a7jo-uis7io-a.] The blood-sucker; 
a leech, or horse-leech. Encyc. 

SAN'HE-DRIM, n. [Low L. synedrium.] The great council 
of seventy elders among the Jews, whose jurisdiction ex- 
tended to all important affairs. 

SAi\'i-CIjE, n. [from L. 5a?/o.J Self-heal, a plant. 

SA-NID'I-UM, n. A genus of mssils. Encyc. 

SaL\I-ES, n. [L.] A thin acrid discharge from wounds or 
sores ; a serous matter, less thick and white than pus. 

SaLXI-OUS, a. 1. Pertaining to sanies, or partaking of its 
nature and appearance ; thin ; serous. 2. Running a thin 
serous matter. 

SAN'I-TY, 11 . [L. sanitas.] Soundness ; particularly ^ a 
sound state of mind ; the state of a mind in the perfect 
exercise of reason. 

SANK, pret. of sink^ but nearly obsolete. 

SAN'NAH, n. The name of certain kinds of India muslins. 

SANS, prep. [Fr.] Without. Shak. 

SAN'SGPJT, 11 . [According to H. T. Colebrooke, Sanscrit 
signifies the polished dialect. It is sometimes written 
Shanscrit.] The ancient language of llindostan, from 
which are formed all the modern languages or dialects of 
the great peninsula of India. 

SAN'TER. See Saunter. 

SANT'ON, n. A Turkish priest ; a kind of dervis. 

SAP, n. [Sax. swp ; D. zap ; G. saft.] 1. The juice of plants 
of any kind, which flows chiefly between the wood and 
the bark. 2. The alburnum of a tree; the exterior part 
of the wood, next to the bark ; [a sense in general use in 
Mew England.] 

SAP, v.t. [Fr. ,• It. zappare ; Arm. sappa.] 1. To 
undermine ; to subvert by digging or wearing away ; to 
mine. 2. To undermine ; to subvert by removing tlie 
foundation of. 

SAP, V. i. To proceed by mining, or by secretly under- 
mining. 

SAP, 11 . In sieges, a trench for undermining; or an ap- 
proach made to a fortified place by digging or under cover. 

SAP'A-JO, 11 . A division of the genus siniia. 

SAP'-€6L-OR, 11 . An expressed vegetable juice. Parke. 

SAPIPIRE. See Sapphire. 

SAP'ID, a. [L. sapidus.] Tasteful ; tastable ; having the 
power of affecting the organs of taste. 

SA-PfDfl-TY, ) n. Taste; tastefulness ; savor; the quality 

SAP'iD-NESS, ^ of affecting the organs of taste. 

Sa*PI-ENCE, 11 . [Fr. ; E. sapientia.] Wisdom; sageness; 
knowledge. Swift. 

Sa'PI-ENT, a. Wise ; sage ; discerning. Milton. 

SA-Pl-EN'TIAL, a. Affording wisdom or instructions for 
wisdom. [Mot much Bp. Richardson. 

SAP'LESS, a. 1. Destitute of sap. 2. Dry; old; husky. 

SAP'IilNG, II. [from ia/?.] A young tree. Milton. 

SAP-O-Na'CEOUS, a. [from L. so/jo.] Soapy; resembling 
soap ; having the (jualities of soap. 

SAP'O-NA-RY, a. Saponaceous. 

SA-PON-I-FI-€a'TION, 11 . Conversion into soap. 

SA-PON'I-FY, V. t. [L. sapo and facio.] To convert into 
soap by combination with an alkali. 

SAP'O-NULE, 11 . A combination of volatile or essential oil 
with some base. 

Sa'POR, 11 . [L.] Taste; savor; relish; the power of af- 
fecting the organs of taste. Brown. 

SAP-O-IIIF'TC, a. [Fr. saporifique.] Having the power to 
produce taste ; producing taste. Johnson. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, o, U, Y, FAR, FALL, 


SAP-O-ROST-TY, n. The quality of body by which it ex- 
cites the sensation of taste. 

Sa'PO-ROUS, a. Having taste; yielding some kind of 
taste. Bailey. 

SA-Po'TA, 11 . In botany, a tree or plant. 

SAP-PA-DIL'LO-TREE, or SAP-A-DIL'LO«TREE, n. A 
tree of the genus sloanea. Lee. 

SAP'PARE, 11 . A mineral or species of earth. 

SAPPED, ])p. Undermined ; subverted. 

SAPTER, 11 . One who saps. — In an army, sappers and 
miners are employed in working at saps. 

SAP'PHIC, (saf'ik) a. Pertaining to Sappho, a Grecian poet- 
ess ; as, Sapphic odes. 

* SAP'PHIRE, (saf 'fire, or saf'fer) n. [L. sapphirus.] A 
species of silicious gems or minerals, of several varieties. 

SAP'PHIR-INE, a. Resembling sapphire ; made of sap- 
phire ; having the qualities of sapphire. 

SAP'PI-NESS, 11 . [from sappy.] 'i he state or quality of 
being full of sap ; succulence ; juiciness. 

SAPTY, a. [Sax. swpig.] 1. Abounding with sap ; juicy ; 
succulent. 2. Young ; not firm ; weak. 3. VVeak iu 
intellect. 

t SAP'PY, a. [qu. Gr. crjiun.] Musty ; tainted. 

SAR'A-BAND, n. [Sp. zarabanda ; Port., It. sarabanda f 
Fr. sarabande.] A dance and a tune used in Spain. 

SAR-A-CEN'I€, ^ a. 1. Pertaining to the Saracens, in- 

SAR-A-CEN'l-CAL, I habitants of Arabia ; so called from 
Sara, a desert. 2. Denoting the architecture of the Sara- 
cens, the modern Gothic. 

SAR'A-GOY, 11 . The opossum of the Molucca isles. 

SAR'A-SIN, or SAR'RA-SINE, n. 1. A plant, a kind of 
birth-wort. 2. A portcullis or herse. 

SAR'GASM, n. [L. ^arca^/zm^.] A keen, reproachful ex- 
pression ; a satirical remark or expression, uttered with 
some degree of scorn or contempt ; a taunt ; a gibe. 

SAR-€AS'TI€, ) a. Bitterly satirical ; scornfully se- 

SAR-€AS'TI-UAL, | vere ; taunting. 

SAR-€AS'TI-€AL-LY, ado. In a sarcastic manner; with 
scornful satire. South. 

SaRCE'NET, 11 . [qu. saracenicum.] A species of fine, thin, 
woven silk. Dryden. 

I SaR'GLE, V. t. [Fr. sarcler } L. sarculo.] To weed corn. 
Ainsworth. 

SAR'UO-CELE, n. [Gr. and Ky\r].] A spurious rup- 
ture or hernia, in which the testicle is swelled or indu- 
rated. 

SAR'€0-€0L, ) n. [Gr. trapl and /coAXa.] Asemi-trans- 

SaR-CO-€OL'LA, I parent solid substance, imported from 
Arabia and Persia in grains of a light-yellow or red color. 

SAR GO-LITE, n. [flesh-stone.] A substance of a vitreous 
nature, found near Vesuvius. 

SAR-UO-LOGT-CAL, a. Pertaining to sarcology. 

SAR-€0L'0-GY, n. [Gr. and \oyog.] Tliat part of 
anatomy which treats of the soft parts of the body. 

SAR-€o'MA, n. [Gr. from ciap^.] Any fleshy excrescence 
on an animal body. Encyc. 

S AR-GOPIPA-GOUS, a. [See Sarcophagus.] Feeding on 
flesh ; flesh-eating. Diet. 

S AR-COPtPA-GUS, 11 . [L.] 1. A species of stone used 

among the Greeks in their sculptures, which was so called 
because it consumed the flesh of bodies deposited in it 
within a few weeks. 2. A stone coffin or grave in which 
the ancients deposited bodies whicli they chose not to 
burn. 

SAR-GOPH/A-GY, ii. Tlie practice of eating flesh. Brown. 

SAR-GOT'IG, a. [Gr. cap^.] In producing or gen- 

erating flesh. 

SAR-GOT'JG, 11 . A medicine or application which promotes 
the growth of flesh ; an incarnative. 

f SAR-GU-La'TION, 7?. [L. sarculus.] The act of weed- 
ing ; plucking up weeds. Diet. 

SAR'DA-GHATE, 11 . The clouded and spotted agate, of a 
pale flesh color. 

SAR'DAN, 11 . A fish resembling the herring. 

SARDE, or SAR'DOIN, n. A mineral, a variety of car- 
nelian. 

SAR'DEL, \ 

SAR'DINE, > 11 . [L. sarc?iM5.J A precious stone. 

SAR'DI-US, ) 

SAR-DdWI-AN, ) a. Sardonian, or sardonic laughter, a 

SAR-DONffG, I convulsive involuntary laughter, so 
called from the herba sardonia, a species of ranunculus 
which is said to produce sucli convulsive motions in the 
cheeks and lips as are observed during a fit of laughter. 

SAR-DONTG, a. Denoting a kind of linen made at Colchis. 

* SAR'DO-NYX, 11 . [L. sardonyches, from Gr. aap?iovv^, 
from Sardis.] A silicious stone or gem, nearly allied to 
carnelian. 

SAR'GUS, 11 . A fish of the Mediterranean. 

t SARK, 77. [^ax. syre.] 1. In Scotland, a shirt. 2. A 
shark. 

SAR'LAG, 77. The grunting ox of Tartary. 


rllAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — | Obsolete. 


SAT 


723 


SAU 


SAR-Ma'TIAN, I a. Pertaining to Sarmatia and its inliab- 
SAR-MAT'I€, ) itants. 

SAR-MENT^OUS, a. [L. 5arme?jto5M5.] Asarmentous stenif 
in botany j is one that is filiform and almost naked. 

SARN, n. A British word for pavement or stepping-stones. 
SA-RON'I€, a. Denoting a gulf of Greece between Attica 
and Sparta. D'Anvillc. 

SAR'PLAR, ??. Asarplarof wool is a sack containing 80 
tod ; a tod contains two stone of 14 pounds each. 
SAR'PLI-ER, n. [Fr. sci'inlliere.] Canvass, or a packing- 
cloth. Bailey. 

SAR'SA, ) n. A plant, a species of smilax^ 

SAR-SA-Px\-RIULA, \ valued in medicine. 

SARSE, 71. [qu. sarcenet^ or Fr. sas.] A fine sieve \ usu- 
ally written searce, or searse. [Little used.] 

SARSE, V. t. To sift through a sarse. [Little xiscd.] 

SART, _?/. A piece of woodland turned into arable. 
SAR-To'RI-US, 11 . [1j. sartor.] The muscle which serves 
to throw one leg across the other, called the tailor^s 
muscle. 

SASH, 71. [Ar.] 1. A belt worn for ornament. 9. The 
frame of a window in which the lights or panes of glass 
are set. 

SASH'OON, n. A kind of leather stutnng put into a boot 
for the wearer’s ease. Ainsicoid/i. 

SAS'SA-FRAS, n. [L. sazifraga.] A tree of the genus 
laurus, whose bark has an aromatic smell and taste. 
SASSE, 11 . [D. sets.] A sluice, canal or lock on a navigable 
river ; a word found in old British statutes. Todd. 
SAS'SO-LIN, ) 11 . Native boracic acid, found in saline in- 
SAS'SO-LINE, I crustations on the borders of hot springs 
near Sasso. 

SAS'SO-ROL, ) n. A species of pigeon, called rock- 
SAS-SO-ROL'LA, | pigeon. Diet. JVat. Hist. 

SAS'TRA, 11 . Among tlfe Hindoos, a sacred book. 

SAT, pret. of sit. 

Sa'TAN, 11 . [Heb. ; an adversary.] The grand adversary 
of man ; the devil, or prince of darkness the chief of the 
fallen angels. 

SA-TANHC, ) a. Having the qualities of Satan ; resem- 
SA-TANT-CAL, ^ bling Satan j extremely malicious or 
wicked ; devilish ; infernal. 

SA-TAN'1-€AL-LY, adv. With the wicked and malicious 
spirit of Satan j diabolically. Hammond. 

Sa'TAN-ISM, 11 . The evil and malicious disposition of Sa- 
tan j a diabolical spirit. 

Sa'TAN-IST, 11 . A very wicked person. [Little used.] 
SATCH'EL, 11 . [See Sachel.] A little sack or bag. 

SATE, V. t. [L. satio; It. saziare.] To satiate; to satisfy 
appetite ; to glut; to feed beyond natural desire. 
SaT'ED, pp. Filled ; glutted; satiated. 

SaTE'LESS, a. Insatiable ; not capable of being satis- 
fied. 

SAT'EL-LlTE, n. [Fr., It. satellite; h. satelles.] 1. A 
secondary planet or moon ; a small planet revolving round 
another. 2. A follower ; an obsequious attendant or de- 
pendent. 

SAT-EL-Li'^TIOUS, a. Consisting of satellites. Cheyne. 
Sa'TIATE, (sa'shate) v. t. [L. satiatus.] 1. To fill ; to 
satisfy appetite or desire ; to feed to the full, or to furnish 
enjoyment to the extent of desire. 2. To fill to the extent 
of want. 3. To glut ; to fill beyond natural desire. 4. 
To gratify desire to the utmost. 5. To saturate. 
Sa'TIATE, a. Filled to satiety ; glutted. Pope. 
SA-TI-A'TiON, n. The state of being filled. Whitaker. 

* SA-TFE-TY, 11 . [Fr. saticte ; h. satietas.] Properly, full- 
ness of gratification, either of the appetite or any sensual 
desire ; but it usually implies fullness beyond desire ; an 
excess of gratification which excites wearisomeness or 
loathing ; slate of being glutted. 

SAT'EY, n. [Fr. satin ; W. sida?j.] A species of glossy silk 
cloth, of a thick, close texture. 

SAT-I-NET', 71 . 1. A thin species of satin. 2. A particu- 
lar kind of woolen cloth. 

SATHN-FLOW-ER, n. A plant of the genus lunaria. 
iSAT'IN-SPaR, V. A mineral, fibrous limestone. 

* SAT'IRE, 11 . [Fr. satire ; Sp., L. sa/im.] 1. A discourse 
or poem in which wickedness or folly is exposed with 
severity. 2. Severity of remark. 

SA-TlR'lG, I a. [L. satiricus ; Fr. satirique.] 1. Be- 
SA-TIRT-CAL, \ longing to satire ; conveying satire. 2. 

Censorious ; severe in language. 

SA-TiR'I-€AL-LY, adv. With severity of remark; with 
invectives ; with intention to censure. 

SAT'IR-IST, 11 . One w4io writes satire. Granville. 
SAT'IR-IZE, V. t. [Fr. satiriser.] To censure with keen- 
ness or severity. Swift. 

SAT'IR-lZED, pp. Severely censured. 

SAT'IR-TZ-ING, ppr. Censuring with severity. 
SAT-IS-FA€'TJON, ii. [Fr. ; L. satisfactio.] 1. That state 
of the mind which results from the full gratification of 
desire ; repose of mind or co*ntentment with present pos- 
session and enjoyment. 2. The act of pleasing or gratify- 
ing. 3. Repose of the mind on the certainty of any 


thing ; that state wdiich results from relief from suspense, 
doubt or uncertainty ; conviction. 4. Gratification ; that 
which pleases. 5. That which satisfies ; amends ; rec- 
ompense ; compensation ; indemnification ; atonement. 
6. Payment ; discharge. 

SAT-IS-FA€'TIVE, a. Giving satisfaction. [L.u.] Brown. 

SAT-IS-FA€'TO-Rl-LY, adv. 1. In a manner to give sat- 
isfaction or content. 2. In a manner to impress convic- 
tion or belief. 

SAT-IS-FAC'TO-RI-NESS, n. The power of satisfying or 
giving content. Boyle. 

SAT-IS-FAC‘TO-RY, a. [Fr. satisfactoire ; 8 p. satisfac- 
torio.] 1. Giving or producing satisfaction ; yielding con- 
tent ; relieving the mind from doubt or uncertainty and 
enabling it to rest w''^'h confidence. 2. Making amends, 
indemnification or recompense ; causing to cease from 
claims and to rest content ; atoning. 

SATHS-FIED, pp. Having the desires fully gratified ; made 
content._ 

SATHS-FFER, ii. One that gives satisfaction. 

SATTS-FY, V. t. [L. satisfacio ; Fr. satisfairc.] 1. To 
gratify w'ants, wishes or desires to the I^ull extent,; to 
supply possession or enjoyment till no more is desired. 

2. To supply fully what is necessary and demanded by 
natural laws. 3. To pay to content ; to recompense or 
indemnify to the full extent of claims. 4. To appease by 
punisliment. 5. To free from doubt, suspense or uncer- 
tainty ; to cause the mind to rest in confidence b)^ ascer- 
taining the truth. 6. To convince. 7. To pay ; to dis- 
charge. 

SATMS-FY, V. i. 1. To give content. 2. To feed or sup- 
ply to the full. 3. ^'o make payment. 

SATHS-Fy-ING, ppr. Giving content; feeding or supply- 
ing to the full extent of desire ; convincing ; paying. 

Sa'TIVE, a. [L. sativus.] Sowui in gardens. 

SAT'RAP, 77 . in Persia, an udmiiSLi; more generally, tho 
governor of a province. Kncyc. 

SAT'RA-PAL, a. Pertaining to a satrap or a satrapy. 

SAT^RA-PESS, 77 . A female satrap. Aiitford. 

SAT'RA-PY, 11 . The government of a satrap. 

SAT'U-RA-BLE, a. Tliat may be saturated ; capable of sat- 
uration. Grew. 

SAT'U-RANT, a. [L. satu 7 -a 77 s.] Saturating ; impregnat- 
ing to the full. 

SAT'U-RANT, 77 . In 777 edic 7 ne, a substance which neutral- 
izes the acid in the stomach ; an absorbent. 

SAT'U-RATE, v. t. [L. saturo.] 1. To impregnate or 
unite with, till no more can be received. 2. To supply 
or fill to fullness. 

SATT^-RA-TED, pp. Supplied to fullness. 

SAT'U-RA-TING, 77 ^ 7 -. Supplying to fullness. 

SAT-U-Ra'TION, 11 . In a general sense, a filling or sup- 
])ly to fullness. — In cheniisti-y, solution continued' till tha 
solvent can contain no more. . ^ * 

SAT'UR-DAY, 11 . [Sax. Sceter-deeg ; D. Saturdag ; Saturn’s 
day.] The last day of the week ; the day next preceding 
the Sabbath. . 

SA-Tu'RI-TY, 77 . [L. sfltMritfls.] Fullness of supply ; the 
state of being saturated. [Little used.] 

* SAT'URN, 77 . [L. Saturnus.] 1. In mythology, one of 
the oldest and principal deities. — 2. In astronomy, one 
of the planets of the solar system, less in magnitude than 
Jupiter, but more remote from the sun. — 3. In the old 
chemistry, an appellation given to lead. — 4. In heraldry, 
the black color in blazoning the arms of sovereign princes. 

SAT-UR-Na'LI-AN, a. [from L. Saturnalia.] 1. Per- 
taining to the festivals celebrated in honor of Saturn. 2. 
Loose; dissolute; sportive. 

SA-TURN'I-AN, a. In fabulous history, pertaining to Sat- 
urn, whose age or reign, from the mildness and wisdom 
of his government, is called the golden age ; hence, gold- 
en ; happy ; distinguished for purity, integrity and sim- 
plicity. 

SAT'UR-NINE, a. [Fr. saturnien, from ,L. Saturnus.] 1. 
Supposed to be under the influence oLSaturn. 2. Dull j 
heavy ; grave ; not readily susceptible of excitement 
phlesmatic. 

SAT'URN-IST, 77 . A person of a dull, grave, gloomy tem- 
perament. Browne. 

SAT'URN-ITE, n. A metallic substance. 

^Sa'TYR, 77 . [L. satyrus ; Gr. carvpog.] ■ In mythology, a 
sylvan deity or demi-god. t . 

SAT-Y-RT'A-SIS, n. [Gr. caropiacng.] Imnr^erate venere- 
al appetite. Coze. 

SA-TYR'I-ON, 77. Aplant. Pope. 

SAUCE, 77 . [Fr. sauce, or .«?0775se.] 1. A naix.ture or compo- 
sition to be eaten with food for improving its relish. — 2. 
In J\Tew England, culinary vegetables and roots eaten 
with flesh.— To serve one the same sauce, is to retaliate 
one injury with another ; [vulgar.] 

SAUCE, r. f.. I. To accompany meat with something to 
■give it a higher relish. 2. To gratify with rich tastes. 

3. To intermix or accompany with any thing good, or, 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete. 


SAV 


724 


SAY 


ironically, with any thing bad. 4. To treat with bitter, 
pert or tart language ; [vulgar.'] 

SAUCE'-BOX, (saus'-box) n. [from sawcy.] A saucy, impu- 
dent fellow. Spectator. 

SAUCE'-PAN, (saus'-pan) n. A small pan for sauce, or a 
small skillet witli a long handle, in which sauce or small 
things are boiled. 

SAU'CER, 71. [Fr. sajicie?*e, or 5a?7^5iere.] 1. A small pan 

in which sauce is set on a table. 2. A piece of china or 
other ware, iuvwhich a tea-cup or coffee-cup is set. 

SAU'CI-LY, ado. [from saucy.] Impudently, with imperti- 
nent boldness ; petulantly. Jiddison. 

SAU'CI-NESS, 7j. Impudence; impertinent boldness ; pet- 
ulance; contempt of superiors. Dryden. 

SAU'CISSE, / n. [Fr. saucisse.] In mining or gunnery, a 

SAUCIS-SOX, ^ long pipe or bag, filled with powder, 
and extending from the chamber of the mine to the en- 
trance of the gallery. 

SAU'CY, a. [from sauce; L. salsus.] 1. Impudent; bold 
to excess ; rude ; transgressing the rules of decorum ; 
treating superiors with contempt. It expresses more than 
pert ; as, a saucy boy ; a saucy fellow. 2. Expressive of 
impudence. 

SAUL, an old spelling of soul. 

SAUX'ClXG-BELL. See Sance-bell. 

SAUX'DERS. See Sakpal and Sanders. 

"'^SAUN'TER, (s’an'ter) v. i. 1. To wander about idl)^. 2. 
To loiter ; to linger. 

^ SAUX^'TER-ER, n. One that wanders about idly. 

* SaUX'TER-ING, W andering about lazily or idly; 
loitering. 

SAUR, 7J. Dirt; soil. Grose. 

SAU'RI-AN, fl. [Gr. o-aypo?.] Pertaining to lizards ; desig- 
nating an order of reptiles. Ed. Encyc. 

*SAU'SAGE, 71. [Fr. The intestine of an animal 

stuffed with minced meat seasoned. 

SAUS'SUR-ITE, n. A mineral so named from Saussure. 

SaV'A-BLE, a. Capable of being saved. 

SaV'A-BLE-NESS, 71. Capability of being saved. 

SAV'AGE, a. [Fr. sauvage ; Arm. savaich ; It. selvaggio ; 
Sp. salvage.] 1. Pertaining to the forest; wild; remote 
from human residence and improvements ; uncultivated. 

2. Wild ; untamed. 3. Uncivilized ; untaught ; unpol- 
ished ; rude. 4. Cruel; barbarous; fierce; ferocious; 
inhuman; brutal. 

SAV'AGE, 71. 1. A human being in his native state of rude- 
ness ; one who is untaught, uncivilized or without culti- 
vation of mind or manners. 2. A man of extreme, un- 
feeling, brutal cruelty, a barbarian. 3. The name of a 
genus of fierce, voracious flies. 

SAV'AGE, V. t. To make wild, barbarous or cruel. [L. u.] 

SAV'AGE-LY, adv. In the manner of a savage ; cruelly ; 
inhumanly. SJiak. 

SAV'AGE-NESS, n. Wildness ; an untamed, uncultivated 
or uncivilized state ; barbarism. Kence, 2. Cruelty ; 

I)tirl33.rou^i40ss« 

SAV'AGE-RY, 71. 1. Wild growth, as of plants. Shale. 2. 
Cruelty ; barbarity. Shak. 

SAV'AG-ISM, n. The state of rude, uncivilized men ; 
the state of men in their native wildness and rudeness. 
Walsh. 

SA-VAX'NA, n. [Sp. sabana.] An extensive, open plain or 
meadow, or a plain destitute of trees. 

SAVE,t;. t. [Fr. sauver ; L. salvo ; It. salvare ; Pp. salvar.] 
1. To preserve from injury, destruction or evil of any 
kind; to rescue from danger. 2. To preserve from final 
and everlasting destruction ; to rescue from eternal death. 

3. To deliver ; to rescue from the power and pollution of 
sin. 4. To hinder from being spent or lost. 5. To pre- 
vent. G. To reserve or lay by for preservation. 7. To 
spare ; to prevent ; to hinder from occurrence. 8. To 
salve ; as, to save appearances. 9. To take or use oppor- 
tunely, so as not to lose. 10. To except; to reserve from 
a general admission or account ; as, “ Israel burned none 
of them, save Ilazor only.” Josh. xi. 

SAVE, V. i. To hinder expense. Bacon. 

SaVE'-ALL, 71. [save and all.] A small pan inserted in a 
candlestick to save the ends of candles. Johnson. 

Saved, ppr. Preserved from evil, injury or destruction; 
kept frugally; prevented; spared; taken in time. 

SaVE'LIX, 7?. A fish of the trout kind. 

SaV'ER, 7>. 1. One that saves, preserves or rescues from 
evil or destruction. 2. One that escapes loss, but without 
gain. 3. One that is frugal in expenses ; an economist. 
Wotton. 

SAV'IX, n. [Fr. savinicr ; L., Sp. sahina.] A tree or 
shrub. 

SaV'IXG, p/)r. I. Preserving from evil or destruction; 
hindering from waste or loss ; sparing ; taking or using in 
time. 2. Excepting. 3. a. Frugal ; not lavish ; avoid- 
ing unnecessary expenses ; economical ; parsimonious. 

4. That saves in returns or receipts the principal or sum 
employed or expended ; that incurs no loss, though not 
gainful. 5. That secures everlasting salvation. 


SaVTXG, 77. I. Something kept from being expended or 
lost. 2. Exception ; reservation. 

SaV'IXG-LY, adv. I. With frugality or parsimony. 2. So 
as to be finally saved from eternal death. 

SaV'IXG-XESS, 7t. 1. Frugality; parsimony; caution 

not to expend money without necessity or use. 2. Ten- 
_dency to promote eternal salvation. 

SaV'INGS-BAXK, n. A bank in which the savings or 
earnings of the poor are deposited and put to interest for 
their benefit. 

SAV'IOR, (sav'yur) n. [Fr. sauveur.] One that saves or 
preserves ; but properly applied only to Jesus Christ. 

Sa'VOR, 71. [Fr. saveur ; L. sapor.] 1. Taste or odor ; 
something that perceptibly affects the organs of taste and 
smell. 2. The quality which rendei-s a thing valuable ; 
the quality which renders other bodies agreeable to the 
taste. — 3. In Scripture, character; reputation. Ex. v. 4. 
Cause; occasion. 2 Cor. ii. — Sweet savor, in Scripture, de- 
notes that which rendeiB a thing acceptable to God, or his 
acceptance. 

SaWOR, V. i. 1. To have a particular smell or taste. 2. 
To partake of the quality or nature of ; or to have the ap- 
pearance of. 

Sa'VOR, V. t. 1. To like ; to taste or smell with pleasure. 
_S/iak. 2. To like ; to delight in ; to favor. Matt. xvi. 

Sa'VOR-I-LY, orf;?. 1. With gust or appetite. Dryden. 2. 
With a pleasing relish. Dryden. 

Sa'VOR-I-XESS, 71. Pleasing taste or smell. 

Sa'VOR-LESS, a. Destitute of smell or taste ; insipid. 

SaWOR-LY, a. Well-seasoned ; of good taste. 

Sa'VOR-LY, adv. With a pleasing relish. Barrow. 

Sa'VOR-Y, a. Pleasing to the organs of smell or taste. Milton. 

SaWOR-Y, 77. [Fr. savoree.] A plant of the genus satureia. 

SA-VOY', 77. A variety of the common cabbage, {brassica 
oleracea,) much cultivated for winter use. Ed. Encyc. 

SAW, pret. of sec. 

SAW, 77. [Sax. saga ; G. s'dge ; D. zaag ; Sw. saga ; Dan. 
saT/if.] 1. A cutting instrument, consisting of a blade or 
thin plate of iron or steel with one edgedentated or tooth- 
ed. 2. A saying ; proverb ; maxim ; decree ; [ofc. See 
Say.] Shak. 

SAW, V. t. ; pret. sawed ; pp. sawed, or sawn. [G. s'dgcn ; 
D. laagen ; Sw. saga ; Dan. sauger ; Norm, seguar.] 1. 
To cut with a saw ; to separate with a saw. 2. To form 
by cutting with a saw. 

SAW, V. i. 1. To use a saw ; to practice sawing. 2. To 
cut with a saw. 3. To be cut with a saw. 

SAW'-DUST, 77. Dust or small fragments of wood or stone 
made by the attrition of a saw. Mortimer. 

SAWED, pp. Cut, divided or formed with a saw. 

SAW'ER, 77. One that saws; corrupted into sawyer. 

SAW'-FISII, 77. A fish of the genus pristis. Encyc. 

SAW'-FLY, 77. A genus of flies, {tenthredo.) Encyc. 

SAW'-PIT, 77. A pit over which timber is sawed. 

SAWMY6RT, 77. A plant of the genus serratula. 

SAW'-WREST, 77. An instrument used to wrest or turn 
the teeth of saws a little outwards. 

SAWWER, 77. 1. One whose occupation is to saw timber 
into planks or boards, or to saw wood for fuel. — 2. In 
America, a tree, which, being undermined by a current 
of water, and falling into the stream, lies with its 
branches above water, which are continually raised and 
depressed by the force of the current. 

SAXT-FRAGE, n. [L. saxifraga.] A medicine that has 
the property of breaking or dissolving the stone in the 
bladder. — In botany, a genus of plants of many species. 

SAX-IF'RA-GOUS, a. Dissolving the stone. Brown. 

SAX'ON, 77. [Sax.seax.] 1. One of the nation or people 
who formerly dwelt in the northern part of Germany, and 
who invaded and conquered England in the fifth and 
sixth centuries. 2. The language of the Faxons. 

SAX'ON, a. Pertaining to the Saxons, to their country, or 
to their language. 

SAX'OX-ISM, 77. An idiom of the Saxon language. 

SAX'OX-IST, 77. One versed in the Saxon language. 

SAY, V. t. ; pret. and pp. said, contracted from sayed. [Sax. 
scegan, saegan ; G. sagen ; D. zeggen ; Sw. saga.] 1. To 
speak ; to utter in words. It is observable that although 
this word is radically synonymous with speak and tell, 
yet the uses or applications of these words are difierent. 
Thus we say, to speak an oration, to tell a story ; but in 
these phrases say cannot be used. Yet to say a lesson is 
good English, though not very elegant. 2. To declare. 
Gen. xxxv'n. 3. To utter; to pronounce. 4. To utter, 
as a command. 5. To utter, as a promise. Luke xxiii. 
G. To utter, as a question or answer. Mark xi. 7. To af- 
firm ; to teach. Matt. xvii. 8. To confess. Luke xvii. 
9. To testify. Acts xxiv. 10. To argue; to alledge by 
way of argument. 11. To repeat ; to rehearse ; to recite. 
12.*To pronounce ; to recite without singing. 13. To re- 
port ; as in the phrase, it is said. 14. To answer ; to utter 
by way of reply ; to tell. 

SAY, 77 . [Sax. saga, sagu.] A speech ; something said. 

jSAY, 77 . [forassay.] l.Asample. 2. Trial by sample. .Bot/Zc. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, d, U, Y, Zo77o-._FaR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete. 


SCA 


725 


SCA 


fSAY, n. [Fr. soic.] A thin silk. 

SAY, ) n. In commerce, a kind of serge used for linings, 

SAYE, i shirts, aprons, &c. 

SAY'IxVG, Uttering in articulate sounds or words j 

speaking ; telling ; relating 3 reciting. 

SAY'ING, 7^. 1 . An expression 3 a sentence uttered 3 a dec- 
laration. 2 . A proverbial expression. JUilton. 

SCAB, 71 , [Sax. scab, sceb j G. sc/iahe j Sw. skabb ; Dan. 
skab ; L. scabies.] 1 . An incrusted substance, dry and 
rough, formed over a sore in healing. 2 . The itch or 
mange in horses 3 a disease of sheep. D. A mean, dirty, 
paltry fellow 3 [^ 070 .] 

S€AB' 13 ARD, n. The sheath of a sword. Vryden. 

SGAB'BARD, v. t. To put in a sheath. 

SCABBED, a. 1 , Abounding with scabs 3 diseased with 
scabs. 2 . Mean 3 paltry 3 vile 3 worthless. 

SC AB'BED-NESS, 71. The state of being scabbed. 

SCAB'BI-NESS, n. The quality of being scabby. 

SCAB'BY, a. 1 . Affected with scabs 3 full of scabs. Dry- 
den. 2 . Diseased with the scab or mange 3 mangy. Sicift. 

SCA'BI-OUS, a. [L. scabiosus.] Consisting of scabs 3 rough 3 
itchy 3 leprous. Arbuthnot. 

SCA'B£-OUS, 77. A plant of the genus scabiosa. 

I SCA-BREDT-TY, 77. [L. scabredo,scabrities.] Roughness 3 
ruggedness. Burton. 

SCA'BROUS, a. [L. sca&ros77s.] 1 . Rough 3 rugged 3 hav- 
ing sharp points. 2 . Harsh 3 unmusical. 

SCA'BROUS-NESS, n. Roughness 3 ruggedness. 

SCAB'VVoRT, 77. A plant, a species of helenium. 

SCAD, n. 1 . A fish, the shad, which see. Careic. 2 . A 
fish of the genus caranx. 

SCAF'EOLD, 77. [Fr. echafaud ; Arm. chafod ; Ir. scafal / 
It. scaffale.] 1 . Among builders, an assemblage or struc- 
ture of timbers, boards or planks, erected by the wall of a 
building to support the workmen. 2 . A temporary gal- 
lery or stage raised either for shows or spectators. 3 . A 
stage or elevated platform for the execution of a criminal. 

SCAF'FOLD, V. t. To furnish with a scaffold 3 to sustain 3 
to uphold. 

SCAF'FOLD-AGE, n. A gallery 3 a hollow floor. Shak. 

SCAF'FOLD-IXG, n. 1 . A frame or structure for support 
in an elevated place. 2 . That which sustains 3 a frame. 
3 . Temporary structure for support. 4 . Materials for 
scaffolds. 

SCAL'A-BLE, a. That may be scaled. 

SCA-LADE', j 77. [Fr. scalade ; »?p. sca?a<Io.] A storm or 

SCA-LA'DO, j assault on a fortified place, in which the 
soldiers enter the place by means of ladders. It is writ- 
ten, also, escalade. 

SCA'LA-RY, a. Resembling a ladder 3 formed with steps. 
{Little used.] 

SCALD, V. t. [It. scaldare ; Sp., Port, escaldar ; Fr. cchau- 
dcr.] 1. To burn or painfully affect and injure by im- 
mersion in or contact with a liquor of a boiling heat, or a 
heat approaching it. 2 . To expose to a boiling or violent 
heat over a fire, or in water or other liquor. 

SCALD, 77. A burn, or injury to the skin and flesh by hot 
liquor. 

SCALD, n. [qu. Sax. scyll.] Scab 3 scurf on the head. 

SCALD, a. Scurvy 3 paltry 3 poor 3 as, scald rhymers. 

SCALD, 77. [Dan. skialdrer ; Sw. skalla.] Among the an- 
cient ^andinavians , a poet. Mallet. 

SCALD'ED, yp. Injured by a hot liquor 3 exposed to boiling 
heat. 

SCALD'ER, 77. A scald 5 a Scandinavian poet. 

SCALD'HEAD, n. A loathsome affection of the head, in 
which it is covered with a continuous scab. 

SCALD'IC, a. Pertaining to the scalds or poets of antiquity 3 
composed by scalds. Warton. 

SCALD'ING, ppr. 1 . Burning or injuring by hot liquor. 
2 .’ Exposing to a boiling heat in liquor. 

SCALD'IXG-HOT, a. So hot as to scald the skin. 

SCALE, 77. [Sax. scale, sceale ; D. schaal.] 1 . The dish 
of a balance 3 and, hence, the balance itself, or whole in- 
strument. 2 . The sign of the balance or Libra, in the 
zodiac. 3 . The small shell or crust which composes a 
part of the covering of a fish 3 and, hence, any thin layer 
or leaf exfoliated or separated 3 a thin lamina. 4 . [L. sea- 
la.] A ladder 3 series of steps 3 means of ascending. 5 . 
The act of storming a place by mounting the wall on lad- 
ders 3 an escalade, or scalade. 6. A mathematical instru- 
ment of wood or metal, on which are marked lines and 
figures for the purpose of measuring distances, extent or 
proportions. 7 . Regular gradation 3 a series rising by 
steps or degrees like those of a ladder. 8. Any instru- 
ment, figure or scheme, graduated for the purpose of 
measuring extent or proportions. — 9 . In 77177^70, a gamut 3 
a diagram 3 or a series of lines and spaces rising one above 
another, on which notes are placed 3 or a scale consists 
of the regular gradations of sounds. 10 . Any thing grad- 
uated or marked with degrees at equal distances. 

SCALE, V. t. [It. scalare.] 1 . To climb, as by a ladder 3 
to ascend by steps. 2 . [from scale, a balance.] To meas- 
ure 3 to compare 3 to weigh. 3 . [from scale, the covering 


of a fish.] To strip or clear of scales. 4 . To take off in 
thin lamins or scales. 5 . To pare off a surface. — 6. In the 
Morth of England, to spread, as manure or loose sub- 
stances 3 also, to disperse 3 to waste. — 7 . In gunnery, to 
clean the inside of a cannon by the explosion of a small 
quantity of powder. 

SCALE, V. i. To separate and come off in thin layers. 

scaled, pp. 1. Ascended by ladders or steps 3 cleared of 
scales 3 pared 3 scattered. 2 . a. Having scales like a fish 5 
squamous. 

SCALE'LESS, a. Destitute of scales. S. M. Mitchill. 

SCA-LkXE^, ) a. [Gr. cKa\yvog.] A scalene triangle is 

SCA-Le'XOUS, ) one whose sides and angles are une- 
qual. _ 

SCA-LeX^E', 77. A scalene triangle. 

SCA'LI-XESS, 77. The state of being scaly 3 roughness. 

SCAL'IXG, ppr. 1 . Ascending by ladders or steps 3 storm- 
ing. 2 . Stripping of scales. 3 . Peeling 3 paring. 

SCALflXG-LAD-DER, n. A ladder made for enabling 
troops to scale a wall. 

SCALL, 77. Scab 3 scabbiness 3 leprosy. 

SCALL'IOX, 77. [It. scalogno ; L. ascalonia ; Fr. echalote.] 
A plant of the genus allium ; a variety of the common on- 
ion, which never forms a bulb at the root. 

SCAL'LOP, 77. 1. A shell-fish, or rather a genus of shell-fish, 
called pecten. 2 . A recess or curving of the edge of any 
thing, like the segment of a circle 3 written, also, scollop. 

SCAL'LOP, V. t. To mark or cut the edge or border of an}'^ 
thing into segments of circles. Gray. 

SCALP, 77. [D. schelp, or schulp ; and L. scalpo.] 1 . The 
skin of the top of the head. 2 . The skin of the top of the 
head cut or torn off. 

SCALP, 71. t. To deprive of the scalp or integuments of the 
head. Sharp. 

SCALPED, pp. Deprived of the skin of the head. 

SCALP'EL, 77. [L. scalpelbim.] In surgery, a knife used in 
anatomical dissections and surgical operations. 

SCALP'ER, or SCALP'IXG-IR-OX, 77. An instniment of 
surgery, used in scraping foul and carious bones 3 a raspa- 
tory. 

SC ALPTX^G, ppr. Depriving of the skin of tlie top of the 
head. 

SCaL'Y, a. 1 . Covered or abounding with scales 3 rough. 
2 . Resembling scales, lamina or fayers. — 3 . In botany, 
composed of scales lying over each other. 

SCAM'BLE, V. i. [D. schominelen.] 1 . To stir quick 3 to be 
busy 3 to scramble 3 to be bold or turbulent. 2 . To shift 
awkwardly. 

SCAM'BLE, V. t. To mangle 3 to maul. Mortimer. 

SCAM'BLER, 7?. A bold intruder upon the geuerositj* or 
hospitality of others. Steevens. 

SCAM'BLIXG, ppr. Stirring 3 scrambling 3 intruding. 

SCAM'BLTXG-LY, adv. With turbulence and noise. 

SCAM'MEL, 77. A bird. 

t SCAM-Mo'XI-ATE, a. Made with scarnmony. 

SCAM'MO-XY, 77. [L. scainmonia.] 1 . A plant of the genus 
convolvulus. 2 . A gum resin, obtained from the plant of 
that name. 

SCAMP'ER, V. i. [D. schampen ; Fr. escamper ; It. scam- 
par e.] To run with speed 3 to hasten escape. Addison. 

SCAMP'ER-IXG, ppr. Running with speed 3 hastening in 
flight. 

SCAX’, V. t. [Fr. scandcr ; Sp. escandcr ; It. scandire.] 1 . To 
examine with critical care 3 to scrutinize. 2 . To examine 
a verse by counting the feet 3 to recite or measure verse 
by distinguishing the feet in pronunciation. 

SCAX DAL, 77. [Fr. scandale ; Jt. scandalo ; Sp. escavdalo ; 
L. scandalum.] 1 . Offense given by the faults of another. 
2 . Reproachful aspersion 3 opprobrious ceiisure ; defama- 
tory speech or report 3 something uttered which is false 
and injurious to reputation. 3 . Shame 3 reproach 3 dis- 
grace. 

SC AX''DAL, v.t. ]. To treat opprobriously 3 to defame 3 to 
asperse 3 to traduce 3 to blacken character 3 [little used.] 
2 . To scandalize 3 to ofiend 3 [ofts.] 

SCAX'DAL-IZE, v.t. [Gr. CKavSa'Xi^w ; L. scandalizo; Fr. 
scandaliser.] 1. To offend by some action supposed crim- 
inal. 2 . To reproach 3 to disgrace 3 to defame. 

SCAX'DAL-iZED, pp. Offended 3 defamed 3 disgraced. 

SCAX'DAL-IZ-IXG, pp?-. Giving offense to 3 disgracing. 

SCAX'DAL-OUS, a. [it. sc an dal oso j Sp. esccvdaloso ; Fr. 
scandaleux.] 1 . Giving oflense. 2 . Opprobrious 3 dis- 
graceful to reputation 3 that brings shame or infamy. 3 . 
Defamatory. 

S€AX'DAL-bUS-LY, adv. 1 . Shamefully 3 in a manner to 
give offense. 2 . Censoriously 3 with a disposition to find 
fault. 

SCAX'D AL-OUS-X^ESS, n. The quality of being scandalous 3 
the quality of giving offense, or of being disgraceful. 

SCAX'DA-LUM MAG-Xa'TUM. In laic, a defamatory 
speech or writing made or published to the injury of a 
person of dignity. 

SCAXD'EXT, o. [L. scc77dc77s.] Climbing, either with spiral 


* See Synopsis, MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 3— BULL, UXITE.— C as K 5 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 5 TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


SCA 


726 SCA 


tendrils for its support, or by adhesive fibres, as a stalk ; 
'Climbing j performing the office of a tendril, as a petiole. 
SCANNED, pp. Critically sifted or examined j resolved into 
feet in recital. 

SCAN'NING, ppi’. Critically examining j resolving into feet, 
as verse. 

SGAN'SION, n. The act of scanning. Percy. 

SCANT, V. t. [Dan. skaajiet.] To limit j to straiten. 
Dryden. 

SCANT, V. i. To fail or become less ; as, the wind scants. 
SCANT, a. 1. Not full, large or plentiful ; scarcely suffi- 
cient; rather less than is wanted for the purpose. 2. 
Sparing; parsimonious; cautiously affording; [ 0 & 5 .] 3. 

Not fair, free or favorable for a ship’s course, 
t SCANT, ado. Scarcely ; hardly ; not quite. Camden. 
t SCANT, n. Scarcity. Carew. 

SCANT'I-LY, adv. 1. Not fully ; not plentifully. 2. Spar- 
ingly ; niggardly ; 

SCANT'I-NESS, n. 1. Narrowness ; want of space or com- 
pass. Dryden. 2. Want of amplitude, greatness or abun- 
dance ; limited extent. 3. Want of fullness ; want of 
sufficiency. 

SCAN'TLE, V. t. To be deficient ; to fail. Drayton. 
SCAN'TLE, V. i. To divide into thin or small pieces ; to 
shiver. Chesterfield. 

fSCANT'LET, n. A small pattern ; a small quantity. 
SCANT'LING, 71 . [Fr. echantillon ; Sp. escantillun ,• Port. 
escantilham.\ 1. A pattern ; a quantity cut for a particu- 
lar purpose. 2. A small quantity ; as, a scantling of wit. 
3. A certain proportion or quantity. — 4. In the United 
States, timber sawed or cut into pieces of a small size, as 
for studs, rails, &c. — 5. In seamen’s language, the dimen- 
sions of a piece of timber, with regard to its breadth and 
thickness* 

SCANT'LING, a. Not plentiful ; small. Taylor. 
SCANT'LY, adv. 1. Scarcely ; hardly ; [o&s.] 2. Not fully 
or sufficiently ; narrowly ; penuriously ; without ampli- 
tude. 

SCANT'NESS, ??. Narrowness ; smallness. 

SGANT'Y, a. 1. Narrow ; small ; wanting amplitude or ex- 
tent. 2. Poor ; not copious or full ; not ample ; hardly 
sufficient. 3. Sparing ; niggardly ; parsimonious. 
SCAP'A-ISM, n. [Gr. cKanTU).] Among the Persians, a bar- 
barous punishment inflicted on criminals by confining 
them in a hollow tree till they died. 

SCAPE, V. t. To escape ; a contracted word, not now used 
except in poetry, and with a mark of elision. See Escape. 
f SCAPE, n. 1. An escape; [see Escape.] 2. Means of 
escape ; evasion. 3. Freak ; aberration ; deviation. 4. 
Loose act of vice or lewdness. 

SCAPE, n. [L. scapus.] In botany, a stem bearing the fruc- 
tification without leaves, as in the narcissus and hya- 
cinth. 

SCaPE'-GoAT, n. {^escape and goat.'] In the Jewish ritual, 
a goat which was brought to the door of the tabernacle, 
where the high-priest laid his hands upon him, confessing 
the sins of the people, and putting them on the head of the 
goat ; after which the goat was sent into the wilderness, 
bearing the iniquities of the people. Lev. xvi. 
SCaPE'LESS, a. In botany, destitute of a scape. 
SCaP/I'MENT, 71. The method of communicating the im- 
pulse of the wheels to the pendulum of a clock. 
SCa'PHITE, 71. [L. scapha.'] Fossil remains of the scapha. 
SCAP'O-LITE, n. [Gr. or/ca7ro?and XtOo?.] A mineral. 
SCAP'U-LA, ?i. [L.J The shoulder-blade. Coze. 
SCAP'U-LAR, a. [L. scapularis.] Pertaining to the shoul- 
der, or to the scapula ; as, the scapular arteries. 
SCAP'U-LAR, 71. 1. In a7iaiomy, the name of two pairs of ar- 
teries, and as many veins. — 2. In o7-7iithology, a feather 
which springs from the shoulder of the wing, and lies 
along the side of the back. 

SCAP'U-LAR, ) n. A part of the habit of certain religious 
SGAP'U-LA-RY, ^ orders in the Romish church, consist- 
ing of two narrow slips of cloth worn over the gown. 
SCaR, 71. [Fr. escarre ; Arm. scarr, or yscar ; It. escara ; 
Gr. t(r)(apa ; Dan. skar.] 1. A mark in the skin or flesh 
of an animal, made by a wound or an ulcer, and remain- 
ing after the wound or ulcer is healed. 2. Any mark or 
injury ; a blemish. 3. [L. scarus ; Gr. aicapos.] A fish. 
SCAR, V. t. To mark with a scar. Shale. 

SCAR, V. t. To scare. JsTorth of Engla7ul. 

SCAR'AB, ) n. [L. scarabwus.'] A beetle ; an insect of 
SCAR'A-BEE, \ the genus scarabwus. 

SCAR'A-MOUCH, 71 . [Fr. escarmouche; It. scai-amuccio ; 

Sp. escaramuza.] A buffoon in motley dress. 

SCARCE, a. [It. 5car5o; D. schaarsch.'] 1. Not plentiful 
or abundant being in small quantity in proportion to the 
demand. 2 Being few in number and scattered ; rare ; 
uncommon . 

SCARCE, \ adv. 1. Hardly ; scantly. 2. Hardly ; with 
SCARCE'1.7, \ difficulty. 

SCARCE'NESS, ) n. 1. Smallness of quantity, or smallness 
SCAR'CJ'TY, j in proportion to the wants or demands ; 


deficiency ; defect of plenty ; penury. 2. Rareness ; in- 
frequency. 

SCARE, V. t. [qu. W. esgar ; It. scorare.] To fright ; to 
terrify suddenly ; to strike with sudden terror. — To scare 
away, to djive away by frightening. 

SCaRE'CRoW, 71. [scare and croic.'] 1. Any frightful thing 
set up to frighten crows or other fowls from corn-fields ; 
hence, any thing terrifying without danger ; a vain terror. 
2. A fowl of the sea-gull kind ; the black-gull. 

SCARED, pp. Frightened ; suddenly terrified. 

fSCARE'FIRE, 71. A fire breaking out so as to frighten 
people. 

SCARF, 71. ; plu. Scarfs. [Fr. ccharpe ; It. ciarpa ; [Sax. 
sceurf.] Something that hangs loose upon the shoulders. 

SCARF, V. t. 1. To throw loosely on. Shale. 2. To dress in 
a loose vesture. Shale. 

SCARF, V. t. [Sw. skarfva ; Sp. cscarpar.l To join ; to 
piece ; to unite two pieces of timber at the ends, by let- 
ting the end of one into the end of the other, or by laying 
the two ends together and fastening a third piece to both. 

SCARF'SKIN, 71. [sea?*/ and slem.] The cuticle ; the epider- 
mis ; the outer thin integument of the body. 

SCAR-I-FI-€1a'TION, ??. [L. scarificatio.^ In surgeo'ij, the 
operation of making several incisions in the skin with a 
lancet or other cutting instrument, particularly the cup- 
ping instrument. E7icyc. 

SCAR-I-FI-CA'TOR, 71. An instrument used in scarifica- 
tion. 

SCAR'I-Fi-ER, n. ]. The person who scarifies. 2. The in- 
strument used for scarifying. 

SCAR'I-FY, V. t. [Fr. scai'ifier ; L. scarifico.^ To scratch 
or cut the skin of an animal, or to make small incisions by 
means of a lancet or cupping instrument, so as to draw 
blood from the smaller vessels without opening a large 
vein. 

SC AR'I-Fy-ING, ppr. Making small incisions in the skin 
with an instrument. 

SCA'RI-OUS, a. [Low L. scern-osMs..] In botany, tough, 
thin and semi-transparent, dry and sonorous to the touch, 
as a perianth. 

SCAR-LA-Ti'NA, 71. The scarlet fever; called, in popular 
language, the canker rash. 

SCAR-LAT'I-NOUS, a. Of a scarlet color; pertaining to 
the scarlet fever. 

SCAR'LET, n. [Fr. ecarlate ; Arm. sca7'ladd; It. scarlatto; 
Sp. escarlata.j 1. A beautiful bright-red color, brighter 
than crimson. 2. Cloth of a scarlet color. 

SCAR'LET, a. Of the color called sca7-let ; of a bright-red 
color. Shale. _ 

SCAR'LET-BeAN, n. A plant ; a red bean. Mortimer. 

SCAR'LET-Fe'VER, n. [L. scarlatina.'] A disease in 
which the body is covered with an efflorescence or red 
color. 

SCAR'LET-oAK,n. A species of ook,Xhe quercus coccifera, 
or kermes oak. 

t SCAR'MAGE, \ peculiar modes of spelling skirmish. Spen- 

t SCAR'MOGE, \ ser. 

SCARN, n. [Sax. scearn.] Dung. [JV’o^ m use, or local.] 

SCARN'-BEE, n. A beetle. [J\Tot m use, or local.] Ray. 

SCARP, 71. [Fr. escarpe; It. scarpa.] In fortification, the 
interior talus or slope of the ditch next the place, at the 
foot of the rampart. 

SCARP, 71. In heraldry, the scarf which military command- 
ers wear for ornament ; borne somewhat like a batoon 
sinister, but broader, and continued to the edges of the 
field. E71C7JC. 

SCA'RUS, 71. A fish. See Scar. 

SCA'RY, n. Barren land having only a thin coat of grass 
upon it. [Local.] 

SCAT, n. A shower of rain ; and hence, scatty, showery. 
Grose. 

SCATCH, 71. [Fr. escuc^c.] A kind of horse-bit for bridles. 
Bailey. 

SCATCH'ES, n. plu. [Fr. echasses.] Stilts to put the feet in 
for walking in dirty places. Bailey. 

SCATE, 71. [D. scliaats ; Ice. skid.] A wooden shoe furnish- 
ed with a steel plate for sliding on ice. 

SCATE, V. i. To slide or move on scates. 

SCATE, n. [Sax. sceadda ; L. sguatina.] A fish. 

SCa'TE-BROUS, a. [L. scateb7’a.] Abounding with springs. 

* SCATH, V. t. [Sax. scathia7i, sceathia7i ; D. schaaden.'] 
To damage ; to waste ; to destroy. [Little zised.] 

* SCATH, 71. Damage ; injury ; waste ; barm. [Little wsed.] 
Spenser. 

SCATH'FTJL, a. Injurious; harmful; destructive. [L.u.^ 

SCATH'LESS, a. Without waste or damage. [Little used.] 
Chaucer. 

SCAT'TER, v.t. [Sax. scatera7i ; ~L. scatco.] 1. To dis- 
perse ; to dissipate ; to separate or remove things to a dis- 
tance from each other. 2. To throw loosely about ; to 
sprinkle. 3. To spread or set thinly. 

SCAT'TER, V. i. 1. To be dispersed or dissipated. 2. To 
be liberal to the poor ; to be charitable. Prov. xi. 

SCAT'TERED, pp. 1. Dispersed ; dissipated ; thinly spread ; 


* See Syztopsis. A, E, I, 0, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


SCH 


727 


SCH 


Sprinkled or thinly spread over. — 2. In botamj, irregular 
in position ; without any apparent regular order. 
BCAT'TERED-LY, adv. In a dispersed manner. 
SCAT'TER-ING, ppr. 1. Dispersing ; spreading thinly; 

sprinkling. 2. a. Not united ; divided among many. 
SGAT'Ti^iR-ING-LY, ado. Loosely ; in a dispersed man- 
ner ; thinly. 

SCAT'TER-LING, n. A vagabond ; one that has no fixed 
habitation or residence. [Little used.' 

r<« A r-w^ I w~A r ■»-« . s 


f S€A-Tu'Ri-ENT, a. [L. scaturiens. 


Springing, as the 


water of a fountain. Viet. 

I SGAT-U-RtG'lN-OUS, a. [L. scatiirigo.] Abounding with 
springs. Diet. 


SGAUP, n. A fowl of the duck kind. Encyc. 

SCAV'AGE, u. [Sax. sceawian.] In ancient customs^ a toll 
or duty exacted of merchant strangers by mayors, sheriffs, 
&c., for goods shown or offered for sale within their pre- 
cincts. 


SGAV'EN-GER, n. [Sax. 5ca/a?i ,* G, schahen.'] A person 
whose employment is to clean the streets of a city, 
f SCEL'ER-AT, n. [Fr. ; L. seder at its.'] A villain ; a crim- 
inal. 


SCENE, w. [Fr. ; L. scena ; Gr. aKyvy.] ]. A stage ; the 
theatre or place where dramatic pieces and other sliows 
are exhibited. 2. The whole series of actions and events 
connected and exhibited ; or the whole assemblage of ob- 
jects displayed at one view. A part of a play ; a di- 
vision of an act. 4. So much of an act of a play as repre- 
sents what passes between the same persons in the same 
place. 5. The place represented by the stage. 6. The 
curtain or hanging of a theatre adapted to the play. 7. 
The place wliere any thing is exhibited. 8. Any remark- 
able exhibition. 

SCjcN'ER-Y, ??. 1. The appearance of a place, or of the va- 
rious objects presented to view ; or the various objects 
themselves, as seen together. 2. The representation of 
the place in which an action is performed. 3. The dispo- 
sition and consecution of the scenes of a play. 4. The 
paintings representing the scenery of a play. 

SCEN'IC, I a. [L. sce?iicus.] Pertaining to scenery ; 

SCEN'I-€AL, i dramatic; theatrical. 

SCEN-0-GRAPH'[€, ) a. Pertaining to scenography ; 

SCEN-O-GRAPFPI-GAL, i drawn in perspective. 

SCEN-O-GRAPIPI-GAL-LY, odv. In perspective. 

SCE-NOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. aKpry and ypaipto.'] The rep- 
resentation of a body on a perspective plane ; or a descrip- 
tion of it in all its dimensions as it appears to the eye. 

SCENT, V. [Fr. from sentir ; L. sentio.] 1. Odor ; 

smell ; that substance which, issuing from a bod)'', affects 
the olfactory organs of animals. 2. The pow'er of smell- 
ing ; the smell. 3. Chase followed by the scent ; course of 
pursuit; track. 

SCENT, V. t. 1. To smell ; to perceive by the olfactory or- 
gans. 2. To perfume ; to imbue or fill with odor, good or 
bad. 


SCENT'FlJTi, a. 1. Odorous ; yielding much smell. 2. Of 
quick smell. Browne. 

SCENT'LESS, a. Inodorous ; destitute of smell. 

*SCEP'TIC, n. [Gr. aKOTTiKos ; Sax. scemcian.] 1. One who 
doubts the truth and reality of any principle or system of 
principles or doctrines. — In philosophy, a Pyrrhonist or 
follower of Pyrrho, the founder of a sect of sceptical phi- 
losophers. — 2. In theolony, a person who doubts the ex- 
istence of God, or the truth of revelation. 

* SCEP'TIC, ^ a. 1. Doubting ; hesitating to admit the 

* SCEP'TI-CAL, ^ certainty of doctrines or principles ; 
doubting of every thing. 2. Doubting or denying the 
triith of revelation. 

* S€EP'TI-€AL-LY, adv. With doubt ; in a doubting man- 
ner. 

SCEP'TI-CAL-NESS, n. Doubt ; pretense or profession of 
doubt. 

^ SCEP'TI-CTSM, n. [Fr. scepticism e.l 1. The doctrines and 
opinions of the Pyrrhonists or sceptical philosophei-s ; uni- 
versal doubt. — 2. In theoloffy, a doubting of the truth of 
revelation, or of the existence of God. 

SCEP'TI-CIZE, V. i. To doubt ; to pretend to doubt of 
every thing. [Little used.] Shaftesbury. 

FCEP'TRE, ) 71. [Fr. sceptre ; L. sceptrum.] 1. A staff or 

SCEP'TER, \ batoon borne by kings on solemn occasions, 
as a badge of authority. 2. The appropriate ensign of roy- 
alty ; an ensign of higher antiquity than the crowm. 3. 
Royal power or authority. 4. A constellation. 

SCEP'TRE, V. t. To invest with royal authority, or witli 
the ensign of authority. 

SCEP'TRED, a. Bearing a sceptre. Tickel. 

S€He'DT-ASM, 71. [Gr. ox^Siacrpa.] Cursory writing on a 
loose sheet. • 

SCHA'AL-STEIN, or SCaLE'-STONE, 7i. A rare mineral,^ 
called, also, tafelspath and tabular spar. 

'♦'SCHED'ULE, 77. [L. schedula.] 1. A small scroll or piece 
of paper or parchment, containing some writing. 2. A 
piece of paper or parchment annexed to a larger wTiting, 


as to a will, a deed, a lease, &c. 3. A piece of paper or 
parchment containing an inventory of goods. 
^SCIIED'ULE, V. t. To place in a list or catalogue ; to in- 
ventory. 

SCHEE'LIN, ) 77. A different name of iunasten, a hard, 
SCHk'LI-UiM, \ brittle metal. 

SCHEICK, or SCIlElCll, n. Among the Arabians and 
Moors, an old man ; and hence, a chief, a lord, a man of 
eminence. See Shaik. 

SCIIe'MA-TISM, 77. [Gr. c)(r]paTiapoi;.] 1. Combination 
of the aspects of heavenly bodies. 2. Particular form or 
disposition of a thing ; [little rtserf.] 

SCHiT: MA-TISl’, a. A projector ; one who forms schemes. 
SCHEME, 77. [L. schema ,* Gr. a)(^ypa.] 1. A plan ; a com- 
bination of things connected and adjusted by design ; a 
system. 2. A project ; a contrivance ; a plan of something 
to be done ; a design. 3. A representation of the aspects 
of the celestial bodies ; any lineal or mathematical di- 
agram. 

FCIIEME, V. t. To plan ; to contrive. 

SCHEME, V. i. To form a pla)i ; to contrive. 

SCHeM'ER, 77. Ojie that contrives; a projector; a con- 
triver. 

SGHkMHNG, ppr. 1. Planning ; contriving. 2. a. Given to 
forming schemes ; artful. 

SCH i<:M'lST, 77. A schemer ; a projector. Coventry. 
SCIIENE, 77. [L. schcenos ,• Gr. a^oivos.] An Egyptian 
measure of length, equal to sixty stadia, or about 7^ miles. 
SCHk'SIS, 77. [Gr. o"y;£o'7s.] Habitude ; general slate or dis- 
position of the body or mind. 

ScHIL'LER-SPaR, 77. A mineral. 

SCHISM, (sizm) n. [L. schism a ; Gr. a^iGna.] ]. In a g-CTi- 
eral sense, division or separation ; but appropriately, a di- 
vision or separation in a church or denomination of 
Christians. K. Charles. 2. Separation ; division among 
tribes or classes of people. 

* SCHIS-MATHC, (siz-mat'ik) ) a. Pertaining to 

SCHIS-IMAT'I-CAL, (siz-mat'i-kal) i schism ; implying 
schism ; partaking of the nature of schism ; tending to 
schism. 

'*■ SCHIS-MAT'IC, 77. One wdm separates from an estab- 
lished church or religious faith, on account of a diversity 
of opinions. Swift. 

SCIIIS-MAT'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a schismatical manner; 
by separation from a church on account of a diversity of 
oj)inions. 

SCHIS-MATT-CAL-NESS, 77. The state of being schis- 
matical. 

SCHIS'MA-TTZE, r. 7. To commit or practice schism ; to 
make a breach of communion in the church. 
SCHIgM'LESS,G. Free from schism; not affected by schism. 

[T. it tie used.] Milton. 

SCHIST. See Shi ST. 

SCIIOL'AR, 77. [Low' L. sc77o?Gri5 ; Fr. ecolier ; D. school- 
irr ; G. 5cA?/7e7-.] ]. One who learns of a teacher ; one 

w’ho is under the tuition of a preceptor ; a pupil ; a disci- 
ple ; hence, any member of a college, academy or school ; 
applicable to the learner of any art, science or branch of 
literature. 2. A man of letters. Locke . — 3. Emphatically 
used, a man eminent for erudition ; a person of high at- 
tainments in science or literature. 4. One that learns 
any thing. 5. A pedant ; a man of books. Bacon. 
t SCHO-LAR'I-TY, 77. Scholarship. B. .Jonson. 
SCflOL'AR-LIKE, a. Like a scholar ; becoming a scholar. 
Baron. 

SCHOL'AR-SHIP, v. 1. Learning; attainments in science 
or literature. 2. Literary education ; [7777?7 *?/g/.] 3. Ex- 

hibition or maintenance for a scholar ; foundation for the 
support of a student. 

SGHO-LAS'TIC, ) a. [L. scholasticus.] 1. Pertaining 
SCHO-LASQT-CAL, \ to a scholar, to a school or to 
schools. 2. Scholar-like ; becoming a scholar ; suitaLde to 
schools. 3. Pedantic; formal. 

SGHO-LAS^TIC, ??. One wdio adheres to the method orsub- 
tilties of the schools. Milton. 

S€HO-LAS'TI-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of schools ; 

according to the niceties or method of the schools. 
SCHO-LAS'TI-CISM, n. The method or subtilties of the 
schools. TVarton. 

SCHo'LI-AST, 77. [Gr. cxo'XiaGTys.] A commentator or 
annotator; one who writes notes upon the works of an- 
other for illustrating his w'ritings. 
t SCHO'LI-AZE, V. i. To write notes on an author’s work?, 
t SCHo'Til-CAL, a. Scholastic. Hales. 

SCHO'LI-UM, 77.; 2 >lu. Scholia, or Scholiums. [L. sclio 
lion ; Gr. dp^oXiov.] In mathematics, a remark or observa- 
tion subjoined to a demonstration. 
fSCHo'LY, 77. A scholium. Hooker. 
t SCHo'LY, V. i. To w'rite comments. Hooker. 

SCHOOL, 77 . [L. schola : Gr. cxo\y ; G. schule ; D. skole ; 
Sw. skola ; Arm. scol ; Fr. ecole ; It. scuola ; Sp. cscuela ; 
Port, escola.] 1. A place or house in which persons ari 


♦ S 69 Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE ;— Bi'jLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


SCI 


728 



, instructed in arts, science, languages or any species of learn- 
ing ; or the pupils assembled for instruction. — In Ameri- 
can ttsage, school more generally denotes the collective 
body of pupils in any place of instruction, and under the 
direction and discipline of one or more teachers. '2. The 
instruction or exercises of a collection of pupils or stu- 
dents, or the collective body of pupils while engaged in 
their studies. 3. The state of instruction. 4. A place of 
education, or collection of pupils, of any kind. 5. Sepa- 
rate denomination or sect ; or a system of doctrine taught 
by particular teachers, or peculiar to any denomination of 
CJiristians or philosophers. 6 . The seminaries for teach- 
ing logic, metaphysics and theology, [school diyiait?/,] 
which were formed in the middle ages, and which were 
characterized by academical disputations and subtilties of 
reasoning ; or the learned men who were engaged in dis- 
cussing nice points in metaphysics or theology. 7. Any 
place of irnprovemsnt or learning. 

SCHOOL, V. t. 1. To instruct ; to train ; to educate. 2. To 
teach with superiority 3 to tutor 5 to chide and admonish 3 
to reprove. 

SCHOOL'-BOY, n. A boy belonging to a school, or one 
who is learning rudiments. Sicift. 

SCHOOL'-DAME, n. The female teacher of a school, 
t SGIIOOL'-DAY, n. The age in which youtli are sent to 
school. Shah. 

SGHOOL'-DIS-TRIGT, n. A division of a town or city for 
establishing and conducting schools. U. States. 
t S€IIOOL'ER-Y, n. Something taught ; precepts. Spenser. 
S€HOOL'-FEL-LoW, n. One bred at the same school 3 an 
associate in school. Locke. 

S€HOOL'-HOUSE, n. A house appropriated for the use of 
schools, or for instruction. 

SGHOOL'ING, Instructing 3 teaching 3 reproving. 
SCMOOL'ING, ?i. 1. Instruction in school 3 tuition. 2. 
Compensation for instruction 3 price or reward paid to 
an instructor for teaching pupils. 3. Reproof 3 repri- 
mand. 

SGIIOOL'MaID, n. A girl at school. Shak. 
SGHOOL'MAN, n. 1. A man versed in the niceties of aca- 
demical disputation or of school divinity. 2. A writer of 
scholastic divinity or philosophy. 

SGHOOL'MaS-TER, n. 1 . The man who presides over 
and teaches a school 3 a teacher, instructor or preceptor 
of a school. 2. He or that which disciplines, instructs and 

SCHOOL'iMIS-TRESS, n. A woman who governs and 
teaches a school. Gay. 

SCHOOXTiR, 11 . [G. schoner.l A vessel with two masts. 
SCHORL. See Shorl. 

SCi-A-GRAPHT-CAL, a. Pertaining to sciagraphy. 
SCl-AG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. GKiay^a^ia.'\ 1. The art of 
sketching or delineating. — 2 . In architeeture, the profile 
or section of a building to exhibit its interior structure. — 
3. In astronomy, the art of finding the hour of the day or 
night by the shadows of objects, caused by the sun, moon 
or stars 3 the art of dialing. 

SCI-A-THERTC, \ a. [Gr. GKia and 0/?pa.] Belonging 
SCl-A-THERT-CAL, I to a sun-dial. [Little vsed.] 
SCI-A-THER'I-€AL-LY, ado. After the manner of a sun- 
dial. 

SCl-AT'IC, or SCI-ATT-GA, n. [L. sciatica.^ Rheumatism 
in the hip. Coze. 

ECT-AT'TG, ) a. 1. Pertaining to the hip. 2. Affecting 
SCr-AT'I-GAL, ] the hip. 

SCl'ExXCE, 71. [Fr. 3 L. scientia.l 1. In a general sense, 
knowledge, or certain knowledge 5 the comprehension or 
understanding of truth or facts by the mind. — 2 . lr\ philoso- 
phy, a collection of the general principles or leading truths 
relating to any subject. 3. Art derived from precepts or 
built on principles. 4. Any art or species of knowledge. 
5. One of the seven liberal branches of knowledge, viz. 
grammar, logic, rhetoric, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy 
and music. Johnson. — Authors have not always been 
careful to use the terms art and science with due discrim- 
ination and precision. Music is an art as well as a sci- 
ence. In general, an art is that which depends on prac- 
tice or performance, and science that which depends on ab- 
stract or speculative principles. The theory of music is a 
science ; the practice of it an art. 
fSCI'ENT, a. [L. sciens.] Skillful. Cockeram> 
SCT-EN'TIAL, a. Producing science. Milton. 
SCI-EX^-TIF'IG, I a. [Fr. scientifique ,• It. scientijico ; 
ECl-EX-TIF'I-GAL, | Sp. cientijico.] 1. Producing cer- 
tain knowledge or demonstration. 2. According to the 
rules or principles of science. 3. Well versed in science. 
SCT-EX-TIF'I-GAL-LY, ado. 1. In such a manner as to 
produce knowledge. 2. According to the rules or princi- 
ples of science. 

SCIL'LI-TIN, ?j. A white, transparent, acrid substance, ex- 
tracted from squills by Vogel. Ure. 

SCIM'I-TAR. See Cimiter. 

SCINK, n. A cast calf. [JVbi in use, or local.] Ainsworth. 


SCIN'TIL-LAjXT, a. Emitting sparks or fine igneous par 
tides 3 sparkling. 

SCIN'TIL-LATE, v. i. [L. scintillo.] 1. To emit sparkvS 
or fine igneous particles. 2. To sparkle, as the fixed 
stars. 

SCIN'TIL-LA-TING, ppr. Emitting sparks 5 sparkling. 

SCIN-TIL-La'TIOX, n. The act of emitting sparks or ig- 
neous particles 3 the act of sparkling. Brown. 

SCI'O-LISM, 71. Superficial knowledge. Brit. Critic. 

SCI'0-LIS3’, n. [L. sciulus.] One who knows little, or who 
knows many things superficially 5 a smatterer. 

SCl'O-LOUS, a. Superficially or imperfectly knowing. 

* SCI-OM'A-€HY, 7 j. [Gr. gkiu and paxv-] A battle with a 
shadow. [Little xised.] Cowley. 

SCI ON. See Cion. 

SCI-OP'TIG, a. [Gr. cKia and OTrropai.] Pertaining to the 
camera obscura, or to the art of exhibiting images through 
a hole in a darkened room. Bailey. 

SCT-OP'TIG, n. A sphere or globe with a lens made to turn 
like the eye. 

SCI-OP'TIGS, 71. The science of exhibiting images of ex- 
ternal objects, received through a double convex glass 
into a darkened room. 

SCPRE Fa'CIAS, 7 i. [L.] In ?a?c, a judicial writ summon- 
ing a person to show cause to the court why something 
should not be done. Blackstone. 

SCPROG, ) 71. [It. scirocco.] In Italy, a south-east 

SCI-ROG'GO, j wind 3 a hot, suffocating wind, blowing 
from the burning deserts of Africa. 

SGIR-ROS'I-TY, n. An induration of the glands. 

SGIR'ROUS, a. 1. Indurated 3 hard 3 knotty 3 as a gland. 
2. Proceeding from scirrus. 

SGIRHIUS, n. [It. scirro ; Sp. escirro ; L. sch'rus ; Gr. 
(T/appo?.] In surgery and medicine, a hard tumor on any 
part of the body, usually proceeding from the induration 
of a gland, and often terminating in a cancer. 

SCIS-CT-Ta'TION, n. [L. sciscitcr.] The act of inquiring 3 
inquiry 3 demand. [Little used.] Hall. 

SCIS'SI-BLE, a. [L. scissus, scindo.] Capable of being cut 
or divided by a sharp instrument. Bacon. 

SCIS'SILE, a. [L. scissilis.] That may be cut or divided by 
a sharp instrument. Arbuthnot. 

SCIS'SION, (sizh'un) n. [Fr.; L. sci.^sio.] The act of cut- 
ting or dividing by an edged instrument. Wiseman. 

SCLS'SORS, (siz'zurz) n. plu. [L. scissor.] A cutting in- 
stmment resembling shears, but smaller, consisting of two 
cutting blades movable on a pin in the centre, by which 
they are fastened. 

SCIS'SURE, (sizhhir) n. [L. scis.swa,] A longitudinal open- 
ing in a body, made by cutting. 

SCT-TA-MIN'E-OUS, a. Belonging to the scitaminece, one of 
Linne’s natural orders of plants. Asiat. Res. 

SGLA-Vo'Nl-AN, i a. [Sclaoi.] Pertaining to the Sclavi, 

SLA-VON'IG, i or to their language. 

SGLE-ROT'IG, a. [Gr. a/cAiypo?.] Hard 3 firm. 

SGLE-ROTHG, n. 1 . The firm, white, cuter coat of the eye. 
2. A medicine which hardens and consolidates the parts 
to Avhich it is applied. 

SGoAT. See Scot. 

SCOB'I-FORM, a. [L. SC 065 , and /(jrTjt.] Having the form 
of saw-dust or raspings. 

SCOBS, 71. [L.] Raspings of ivory, hartshorn or other hard 
substance ; dross of metals, &.c. Chambers. 

SCOFF, V. i. [Gr. ckiotttu).] To treat with insdlent ridicule, 
mockery or contumelious language 3 to manifest contempt 
by derision 3 with. at. 

SCOFF, V. t. To treat with dension or scorn. Fotherby. 

SCOFF, 71. Derision, ridicule, mockery or reproach, ex- 
pressed in language of contempt 3 expression of scorn or 
contempt. 

SCOFF'ER, n. One who scoffs ; one that mocks, derides or 
reproaches in tlie language of contempt 3 a scorner. 

SCOFF'ING, ppr. Deriding or mocking 3 treating with re- 
proachful language. 

SCOFFHNG-LY, ado. In mockery or contempt 3 by way of 
derision. Broome. 

SCoLD, V. i. [D. schelden ; G. schelten.] To find fault or 
rail with rude clamor 3 to brawl 3 to utter railing, or harsh, 
rude, boisterous rebuke ; with at. 

SCoLD, V. t. To chide with rudeness and boisterous clam- 
or ; to rate. Bosicell. 

SCoLD, n. ]. A rude, clamorous, foul-mouthed woman. 
Swift. 2. A scolding 3 a brawl. 

SCoLD'ER, n. One that scolds or rails. 

SCoLD ING, ppr. 1. Railing with clamor ; uttering re- 
buke in rude and boisterous language. 2. a. Given to 
scolding. 

SCoLD'ING, V. The uttering of rude, clamorous language 
by way of rebuke or railing 3 railing language. 

SCoLD' rXG-LY, ado. With rude clamor or railing. 

SCOL'LOP, n. 1. A pectinated shell ; [see Scallop.] 2. 
An indenting or cut like those of a shell. 

SCOL'LOP, V. t. To fonn or cut with scollops. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, U, Y, long.—FAJl, FALL, WHAT 3 — PREY 3 — PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3 — f Obsolete. 


SCO 


72D 


SCO 


S€OL-0-PEN'DRA, «. [Gr. tr/coXoff£i/^pa.J 1. A venom- 
ous serpent. 2. A genus of insects. 3. [L. scolopendri- 
um.] A plant. 

fS€OMM, n, [h. scomma.] 1. A buffoon. 2. A flout j a 
jeer. 

SeOiVCE, n. [D. sclians ; G. schanze ; D. s/canfZ*’.] 1. A 
fort or bulwark ; a work for defense ; [ 065 .] 2 . A liang- 
ing or projecting candlestick, generally with a mirror to 
reflect the light. 3. The circular tube with a brim in a 
candlestick, into which the candle is inserted. 4. A Ax- 
ed seat or shelf ; [local.'] 

SCONCE, n, [Dan. skionner., skidnsom.] 1. Sense ; judg- 
ment ; discretion or understanding. 2. The head 5 [a 
low word.] 3. [qu. poll-tax.] A mulct or fine, 
f SCONCE, V. t. To mulct ; to flue. Warton. 

SCOOP, n. [J). schop ,• G. sclmppe, sclmpp.] 1. A large la- 
dle ; a vessel with a long handle fastened to a dish, used 
for dipping liquors ; also, a little hollow piece of wood for 
bailing boats. 2. An instrument of surgery. 3. A sweep; 
a stroke ; a swoop. 

SCOOP, V. t. 1. To lade out ; properly, to take out with a 
scoop or with a sweeping motion. 2. To empty by la- 
ding. 3. To make hollow, as a scoop or dish ; to excavate. 
4. To remove, so as to leave a place hollow. 

SCOOPED, pp. Taken out as with a scoop or ladle; hol- 
lowed ; excavated ; removed so as to leave a hollow. 
SCOOP'ER, 71. One that scoops ; also, a water-fowl. 
SCOOP'ING, ppr. Lading out; making hollow; excavat- 
ing ; removing so as to leave a hollow. 

SCOOP'-NET, 7 i. A net so formed as to sweep the bottom 
of a river. 

SCOPE, 77 . [L. scopus ; Gr. oKOTrog.] 1. Space ; room ; am- 
plitude of intellectual view. 2. The limit of intellectual 
view ; the end or thing to which the mind directs its 
view ; that which is purposed to be reached or accom- 
plished ; hence, ultimate design, aim or purpose ; inten- 
tion ; drift. 3. Liberty ; freedom from restraint ; room 
to move in. 4. Liberty beyond just limits ; license. 5. 
Act of riot ; sally ; excess ; Sliak. 6 . Exteiided 

qnaiitit}’'; [oks.] Davies. 7. Length; extent; sweep. 
Mar. LanjTuage. 

SCO'PI-FORM, a. [L. scopa, and form.] Having the form 
of a broom or besom. Kirwan. 
t SCOP'PET, V. t. To lade out. Bp. Hall. 
t SCOP'TIC, I a. [Gr. o-xwTm/coj.] Scofiing. Ilam- 
t SCOP'TI-CAL, i mond. 

i SeOPRI-LOIJS, a. [L. scopulosus.] Full of rocks ; rocky, 
t SCOR'BUTE, 77 . [L. scorbutus.] Scurvy. Purchas. 
SCOR-Ru'TIC, \ a. [Fr. scorhutiq^ie.] 1. Affected or 
SCOR-Bu^TI-CAL, ^ diseased wHh scurvy. 2. Pertain- 
ing to scurvy, or partaking of its nature. 3. Subject to 
scurvy. 

SCOR-Bu'TI-CAL-LY, adv. With the scurvy, or with a 
tendency to it. 

SCORCE. See Scorse. 

SCORCH, V. t. [D. schroeijen, schrooken.] 1. To burn su- 
perflcially ; to subject to a degree of heat that changes 
the color of a thing, or both the color and texture of 
the surface. 2. To burn ; to affect painfully with heat. 
SCORCH, V. i. To be burnt on the surface ; to be parched ; 
to be dried up. Mortimer. 

SCORCHED, pp. Burnt on the surface ; pained by heat. 
SCORCHTNG, ppr. Burning on the surface; paining by 
heat. 

SCORCHTNG-FEN-NEL, n. A plant of the genus thapsia ; 
deadly carrot. Lee. 

SCOR'DI-U31, 77 . [L.] A plant, the water-germander. 
SCORE, 77 . [Ir. scor, sgorarn ^ Sax. sco?*.] 1. A notch or 

incision; the number twenty. 2. A line drawn. 3. An 
account or reckoning. 4. An account kept of something 
past ; an epoch ; an era. 5. Debt, or account of debt. 6. 
Account; reason; motive. 7. Account; sake. — 8. 11177777 - 
sic, the original and entire draught of any composition, or 
its transcript. — To quit scores, to pay fully ; to make even 
by giving an equivalent. — so7jg in score, the words with 
the musical notes of a song annexed. 

SCORE, V. t. 1. To notch ; to cut and chip for the purpose 
of preparing for hewing. 2. To cut ; to engrave. 3. To 
mark by a line. 4. To set down as a debt. 5. To set 
down or take as an account ; to charge. 6. To form a 
score in music. 

SCORED, pp. Notched ; set down ; marked ; prepared for 
hewing. — In botany, a scoi'ed stem, is marked with parallel 
lines or grooves. 

SCo'RI-A, 77. [L.] Dross ; the recrement of metals in 
fusion, or the mass produced by melting metals and ores. 
SCvO-RI-a'CEOUS, a. Pertaining to dross ; like dross or 
the recrement of metals; partaking of the nature of sco- 
ria. 

SCOR-I-FI-Ca'TION, 77 . In metallurp-y, the act or opera- 
tion of reducing a body, either wholly or in part, into 
scoria. 

SCO'RI-FlED, prp. Reduced to scoria. 


SCo^RI-PORM, a. [L. scoria, and form.] Like scoria ; in 
tlm form of dross. Kirwan.] 

SCO'RI-FY, V. t. To reduce to scoria or drossy matter. 

SCo'RI-FY-ING, ppr. Reducing to scoria. 

SCoR'lNG, ppr. Notching ; marking ; setting down as an 
account or debt ; forming a score. 

SCo'Rl-OUS, a. Drossy ; recrementitious. Brojcn. 

SCORN, 77. [Sp. escarnio j Port, escarneo.] 1 . Extreme 
contempt; that disdain which springs fiom a person’s 
opinion of the meanness of an object, and a consciousness 
or belief of his own superiority or worth. 2. A subject 
of extreme contempt, disdain or derision ; that which is 
treated with contempt. — To think scorn, to disdain; to 
despise; [ 065 .] Sidney. — To laugh to scorn , to deride ; to 
make a mock of ; to ridicule as contemptible. 

SCORN, V. t. 1. To hold in extreme contempt ; to despise ; 
to contemn ; to disdain. Job. xvi. 2. To think unwor- 
thy ; to disdain. 3. To slight ; to disregard ; to neglect. 

I SCORN, 7;. 7. To scorn at, to scolf at ; to treat with con- 
tumely, derision or reproach. Shak. 

SCORNED, pp. Extremely contemned or despised ; dis- 
dained. 

SCORN'ER, 77 . 1. One that scorns ; a contemner; a despiser. 
2. A scoffer ; a derider; in Scripture, one who scoff's at 
religion. 

SCORN'FUL, a. 1. Contemptuous; disdainful; entertain- 
ing scorn ; insolent. 2. Acting in deffance or disregard. 
— 3. In Scripture, holding religion in contempt. 

SCORN'F[JL-LY, arZy. With exireme contempt ; contemp- 
tuously ; insolently. Mterbury. 

SCORN'FUL-NESS, 77. The quality of being scornful. 

SCORNTNG, ppr. Holding in great contempt ; despising; 
disdaining. 

SCORNTNG, 77 . The act of contemning; a treating with 
contempt, slight or disdain. 

SCOR'PI-ON, 77. [Fr.; L. scorpio.] 1. In zoology, an insect 
of the genus scorpio, or rather the genus itself, co7itaining 
several species, natives of southern or warm climates, 
having a venomous sting. — 2. In Sanpiure, a jiainful 
scourge ; a kind of whip armed with points like a scor- 
pion’s tail. 1 Kings xii.— 3. In astronomy, the eighth sign 
of the zodiac, which the sun enters Oct. 23. 4. [L. scor- 
pius.] A sea Ash. Ainsicorth. — Water-scorpion, an aquatic 
insect of the genus nepa. 

SCOR'PI-ON-FLY, 77. An insect of the genus pa 77 0 7 * 77 a, hav- 
ing a tail which resembles that of a scorpion. 

SCOR'TI-ON-GRaSS, or SCOR'PI-ON’S TAIL, n. A plant 
of the genus scorpmrus. 

S€0R'PI-0N-SEN-NA, 77. A plant. 

SCORTI-ON’S-THORN, n. A plant of the genus ulex. 

SCORTI-ON-W 6 RT, 77. A plant Parr. 

I SCORSE, 77. [It. 5 cor 577 .] A course or dealing ; barter. 

I SCORSE, V. t. 1. To chase. 2. To barter or exchange 

t SCORSE, 7?. 7. To deal for the purchase of a horse. 

SCORT'A-TO-RY, a. [L. scortator.] Pertaining to or con- 
sisting in lewdness. 

SCOR'ZA, 77. In mineralogy, a variety of epidote. 

SCOT, or SCOTCH, n. t. To support, as a wheel, by pla- 
cing some obstacle to prevent its rolling. 

SCOT, 77. [Sax. scent; Ice. shot; D. schot ; Fr. ccot ; It. 
scotto ; Sp. escote.] In law and English history, a portion 
of money, assessed or paid ; a tax. — Scot and lot, parish 
payments. When persons were taxed unequally, they 
were said to pay scot and lot. 

SCOT, 77 . [Sax. scotta, scotte.] A native of Scotland. 

SCOT'AL, ) 77. [scot and ale.] In law, the keeping of 

SCOT'ALE, I an alehouse by the officer of a forest, and 
drawing people to spend their money for liquor, for fear 
of his displeasure. 

SCOTCH, a. Pertaining to Scotland or its inhabitants. 

SCOTCH. See Scot, the verb. 

f SCOTCH, V. t. [qu. Sax. sceadan.] To cut with shallow 
incisions. Shak. 

SCOTCH, 77. A slight cut or shallow incision. Shak, 


SCOTCH'-COL-LOPS, ) * „ • 

SCOTCHED-COL-LOPS, \ pieces. 

SCOTCIF-HOP-PER, n. A play in which boys hop over 
scotches or lines in the ground. Locke. 

SCo'TER, 77. The black diver or duck, a species of anas. 
SCOT FREE, a. 1. Free from payment or scot ; untaxed. 
2. Unhurt ; clear ; safe. 

SCo'TIA, 77. In ai'chitccture, a semicircular cavity or chan- 
nel between the tores in the bases of columns. 


a. Pertaining to the inhabitants of Scotland, 
or to their country or language. 
SCo'TIST, 7?i [from Duns Sc7>t77.5.] One^of the followers 
of Scotus, a sect of school divines. 


SCOTTSH, 

SCOT'TISH, 


SCOT'O-MY, 77. [Gr. oKOTwpa.] Dizziness or swimming of 
the head, with dimness of sight. 

SCOT'TER-ING, 77. A provincial word in Herefordshire, 
England, denoting the burning of a wad of pease-straw 
at the end of harvest. Johnson. 

SCOT'TI-CISM, 77. An idiom or peculiar expression of the 
natives of Scotland. Beattie. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BULL, UNITE. — C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TPI as in this, f Obsolete 


sen 


730 


SCR 


•S€I5WISH. See Scotish. 

S€OUN'DREL, n. [said to be from It. scondar^iole.] A 
mean, worthless fellow ; a rascal ; a low, petty villain 3 a 
man without honor or virtue. Pope. 

S€OUN'DREL, a. Low j base; mean; unprincipled. 

SGOUiVDREL-ISM, n. Baseness; turpitude; rascality. 
Cotgrave. 

SCOUR, V. t. [Goth, skaiiron ; Sax. scur i D. schuiiren ; G. 
scheuerii ; Dan. skurer.] 1 . To rub hard with something 
rough, for the purpose of cleaning. 2. To clean by fric- 
tion ; to make clean or bright. 3. To purge violently. 4. 
To remove by scouring. 5. To range about for taking all 
that can be found. U. To pass swiftly over; to brush 
along. 

SCOUR, V. i. 1. To perform the business of cleaning ves- 
sels by rubbing. 2. To clean. 3. To be purged to excess. 

4. To rove or range for sweeping or taking something. 

5. To run with celerity ; to scamper. 

SCOURED, pp. Rubbed with something rough, or made 
clean by rubbing ; severely purged ; brushed along. 

SCOUR'ER, n. 1. C)ne that sconrs or cleans by rubbing. 2. 
A drastic cathartic. 3. One that runs with speed. 

SCOURGE, (skurj) n. [Fr. escourgee ; It. sco7'eggia.'[ 1. A 
whip ; a lash consisting of a strap or cord ; an instrument 
of punishment or discipline. 2. A punishment ; vindic- 
tive affliction. 3. He or that which greatly afflicts, harass- 
es or destroys ; paHicularly^ any continued evil or calam- 
ity. 4. A whip for a top. 

SCOURGE, (skurj) v. t. [It. scoreggiarc.'] To whip 
severely ; to lash. 2. To punish with severity ; to 
chastise ; to afflict for sins or faults, and with the purpose 
of correction. 3. To afflict greatly ; to harass, torment or 
injure. 

SCOURGED, (skurjd) pp. Whipped; lashed; punished 
severely ; harassed. 

SGOURG'ER, (skurj'er) n. One that scourges or punishes; 
one that afflicts severely. 

SGOURG'ING, ppr. Whipping; lashing with severity; 
punishing or afflicting severely. 

SCOURTNG, pp/’. Rubbing hard with something rough. 

SGOUR'ING, 71. A rubbing hard for cleaning ; a cleansing 
by a drastic purge ; looseness ; flux. Bacon. 

SCOURSE. See Scorse. 

SCOUT, n. [Fr. ecout, ec outer ; It. scolta, scoHai'e ; L. 
ausculto.] 1. In militari/ affairs, a person sent before an 
army, or to a distance, for the purpose of observing the 
motions of an enemy or discovering any danger, and 
giving notice to the general. 2. A high rock ; [ 065 .] 

SCOUT, V. i. To go on the business of watching the mo- 
tions of an enemy ; to act as a scout. 

SCOUT, V. t. [perhaps Sw. skiuta.] To sneer at; to treat 
\y^ith disdain and contempt, [//i use in jSmcrica.] 

SGo'VEL, n. [W. ysgubell L. scopa.] A mop for sweep- 
ing ovens : a manikin. Ainsworth. 

SCOW, n. [D. schouw ; Dan. skude.] A large, flat-bottom- 
ed boat ; used as a ferry-boat, or for loading and unload- 
ing vessels, [//r use in ATeio England.'] 

SCOW, V. t. To transport in a scow. 

SCOWL, V. i. [Sax. scul ; D. scheel, schielen.] 1. To 
wrinkle the brows, as in frowning or displeasure ; to put 
on a frowning look ; to look sour, sullen, severe or 
angry. 2. To look gloomy, frowning, dark or tempest- 
uous. 

SCOWL, V. t. To drive with a scowl or frowns. 

SCOWL, 71. 1. The wrinkling of the brows in frowning ; 
the expression of displeasure, sullenness or discontent in 
the countenance. 2. Gloom ; dark or rude aspect. 

SCO WL'ING, 7 /pr. Contracting the brows into wrinkles ; 
frowning ; expressing displeasure or sullenness. 

SGOWL'LVG-LY, adv. With a wrinkled, frowning aspect; 
with a sullen look. 

SGRAB'BLE, v. i. [D. krabbelen, krabben ; G. krabbeln, 
graben.] 1 . To scrape, paw or scratch with the hands ; to 
move along on the hands and knees by clawing with the 
hands ; to scramble ; [common vi JsTew Englaiid.] 2. To 
make irregular or crooked marks. 

SGRAB'BLE, v. t. To mark with irregular lines or letters. 

SGRAB'BLING, 7 )pr. Scraping; scratching; scrambling; 
making irregular marks. 

SGRAF'FLE, v. i. 1. To scramble; to be industrious. 
Brackett. 2. To shuffle ; to act unfairlJ^ Grose. 

SCRAG, n. Something thin or lean with roughness. 

SGRAG'GED, | a. 1. Rough with irregular points or a bro- 

SCRAG'GY, ) ken surface. 2. Lean with roughness. 

SGR/\.G'GED-NESS, or SGRAG'GI-NESS, n. Leanness, or 
leanness with roughness; ruggedness; roughness occa- 
sioned by broken, irregular points. 

SCRAG'GI-LY, adv. VVith leanness and roughness. 

SCRAM'BLE, 77 . i. [D. schrammen.] 1. To move or climb 
by seizing objects with the hand, and drawing the body 
forward. 2. To seize or catch eagerly at any thing that is 
desired ; to catch with haste preventive of another ; to 
catch at without ceremony. 

BCRAM'BLE, n. 1. An eager contest for something, in 


which one endeavors to get the thing before another. 2 
The act of climbing by the help of tJie hands. 
SGRAM'BLER, n. One who scrambles ; one who climbs by 
the help of the hands. 

SCRAM'BLING, ppr. 1. Climbing by the help of the hands, 

2. Catching at eagerly and Vvilhout ceremony. 

SCR AM'BLING, n. 1. The act of climbing by the help of 
the hands. 2. The act of seizing or catching at with ea- 
ger haste and without ceremony. 

SCRaNCH, V. t. [D. schranssen.] To grind with the teeth, 
and with a crackling sound ; to craunch. 
fSCRAN'NEL, a. Slight; poor. Milton. 

SCltAP, n. [from sc/’«//c.] 1. A small piece; a fragment; 
a crum. 2. A part ; a detached piece ; as, scraps of histo- 
ry or poetry. 3. A small piece of paper. 

SCRAPE, v.t. [Sax. screopan ; D. sekraapen, schrabbeyi ; 
G. schrapen ; Sw. skrapa.] 1. 'Jo rub the surface of any 
thing with a sharp or rough instrument, or with some- 
thing hard. 2. 'i'o clean by scraping. Lev. xiv. 3. To 
remove or take ofl' by rubbing. 4. To act upon the sur- 
face with a grating noise.— 7'o scrape off', to remove by 
scraping ; to clear away by rubbing. — To scrape together, 
to gather by close industry or small gains or savings. 
SCRAPE, V. i. 1. I'o make a harsh noise. 2. 'Po play 
awkwardly on a violin. 3. To make an awkward bow. 
— To scrape acquaintance, to make one’s self acquainted ; 
to curry favor ; [a low qthrase.] 

SCRAPE, n. [Dan. scrab ; Sw. skrap.] LA rubbing. 2. 
The sound of the foot drawn over the floor. 3. A bow. 
4. Diflrculty ; perplexity; distress; that which harasses; 
[a lore icord.] 

SCRAPED, pp. Rubbed on the surface w’ith a sharp or rough 
instrument; cleaned by rubbing; cleared away by scra- 
ping. 

SCRaP'ER, n. ]. An instrument with which any thing is 
scraped. 2. An instrument drawn by oxen or horses, and 
used for scraping earth in making or repairing roads, <Si.c. 

3. An instrument having tw’o or three sides or edges, for 

cleaning the planks, masts or decks of a ship, &.c. 4. A 

miser; one who gathers property by penurious diligence 
and small savings ; a scrape-penny. 5. An awkward fid- 
dler. 

SCRaP'ING, ppr. Rubbing the surface with something 
sharp or hard ; cleaning by a scraper, 
t SCR A'I’, V. t. To scratch. Burton. 
f SCRAT, V. i. To rake ; to search. 
fSCRAT, 71. A hermaphrodite. Skinner. 

SCRATCH, V. L [G. kratzen, ritzen, kritzeln ; 'D.kratsen; 
Sw. kratsa.] J. 'I'o rub and tear the surface of any thing 
with something sharp or ragged. 2. 'I’o wound slightly. 
3. To rub with the nails. 4. 'I'o w’rite or draw awkward- 
ly ; [o!/s.] 5. 'Po dig or excavate with the claws. — To 
scratch out, to erase ; to rub out ; to obliterate. 

SCR ATCH, V. i. To use the claws in tearing the surface. 
scratch, 71. 1. A rent ; a break in the surface of a thing 
made by scratching, or by rubbing with anything pointed 
or ragged. 2. A slight wound. 3. A kind of wig worn 
for covering baldness or gray hairs, or for other purpose. 
SCRATCHED, pp. Torn by the rubbing of something 
rough or pointed. 

SGRATCH'ER, n. He or that wliich scratches. 
SCRATCH'ES, ?/. pZ/r. Cracked ulcers on a horse’s foot. 
SCRATCH'ING, ppr. Rubbing with something pointed or 
rough ; rubbing and tearing the surface. 
SCRATCH'ING-LY, adv. With the action of scratching. 
Sidney. 

t SCR AW, n. [Irish and Erse.] Surface; cut turf. Swift. 
SCRAWIj, V. t. [qu. D. schravelen .] 1. To draw or mark 
awkwardly and irregularly. 2. To write awkwardly. 
SCRAWL, v.i. 1. To write unskillfully and inelegantly. 
2. To creep; to crawl. 

SCRAWL, n. 1. Unskillful or inelegant writing; or a 
piece of hasty, bad writing. Pope. — 2. In ATew England, a 
ragged, broken branch of a tree, or other brush-wood. 
SCR^AWL'ER, n. One who scrawls ; a hasty or awkward 
writer. 

SCR AY, n. A fowl called the sea-srcallow. 
t SCRk'A-BLE, a. [L. screabilis.] That may be spit out. 
SCREAK, V. i. [Sw. skrika ; Dan. skriger.] To utter sud- 
denly a sharp, shrill sound or outcry ; to scream ; as in a 
svulden fright ; also, to creak, as a door or wheel. 
SGReAK, n. A creaking ; a screech. 

SCReAM, V. i. [Sax. reomian, hreeman, or hreman.] L To 
cry out with a shrill voice ; to utter a sudden, sharp out- 
cry, as in a fright or in extreme pain ; to shriek. 2. To 
utter a shrill, harsh cry. 

SGReAM, n. A shriek, or sharp, shrill cry, uttered sud- 
denly, as in terror or in pain ; or the shrill cry of a fowl. 
SCReAM'ER, 71. A fow’l, or genus of fowls. 
SCReAM'ING, P/77-. Uttering suddenly a sharp, shrill cry; 
cryjng with a shrill voice. 

SGReAM'ING, 71. The act of crying out with a shriek of 
terror or agony. 

SCREECH, V. i. [Sw. skrika ; Dan. skriger ; G. schreien.] 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 5, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PR£Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


SCR 


731 


scu 


L To cry out with a sharp, shrill voice ; to utter a sudden 
shrill cry, as in terror or acute pain ; to scream ; to shriek. 
2. To utter a sharp cry, as an owl 3 thence called screech- 
owl. 

SCREECH, n. 1. A sharp, shrill cry uttered in acute pain, 
or in a sudden fright. 2. A harsh, shrill cry. 

SCIIEECHHNG, i)pr. Uttering a shrill or harsh cry. 

SCREECH'-OWLi, n. An owl that utters a harsh, disagree- 
able cry at night. 

SCREED, 71. With plasterers^ the floated work behind a 
cornice. 

SCREEN, 71. [Fr. ecran.'] 1. Any thing that separates or 
cuts off inconvenience, injury or danger; and hence, that 
which shelters or protects from danger, or prevents incon- 
venience. 2. A riddle or sieve. 

SCREEN, V. t. 1. To separate or cut off from inconveni- 
ence, injury or danger ; to shelter ; to protect ; to protect 
by hiding; to conceal. 2. To sift or riddle ; to separate 
the coarse part of any thing from the fine, or the worth- 
less from the valuable. 

SCREENED, pp. Protected or sheltered from injury or dan- 
ger ; sifted. 

SCREEN'ING, Protecting from injury or danger. 

SCREW, n. [D. schrocf ; G. scliraube : Dan. skruve, or 
skrue ; Svv. skriif.] 1. A cylinder of wood or metal, 
grooved spirally ; or a cylinder with a spiral channel or 
thread cut in such a manner that it is equally inclined to 
the base of the cylinder throughout the whole length. 
2. One of the six mechanical powers. 

SCREW, V. t. 1. To turn or apply a screw to ; to press, 
fasten or make firm by a screw. 2. To force ; to squeeze ; 
to press. 3. To oppress by exactions. 4. To deform by 
contortions; to distort. — To screw out, to press out; to 
extort. — 7’a screw up, to force ; to bring by violent press- 
ure. — To screw in, to force in by turning or twisting. 

SCREWED, pp. Fastened with screws; pressed with 
screws; forced. 

SGREW'ER, 71. He or that which screws. 

SCREW^ING, ppr. Turning a screw ; fastening or pressing 
with a screw. 

SCREW'-TREE, n. A plant of the genus helicferes. 

|SCRI-Ba'T10US, a. Skillful in or fond of writing. 
Barrow. 

SCRIB'BLE, V. t. [L. scrihillo.'] 1. To write with haste, or 
without care or regard to correctness or elegance. 2. To 
fill with artless or worthless wndting. 

SGRIB'BLE, V. i. To write without care or beauty. 

SGRIB'BLE, 71. Hasty or careless writing. Boyle. 

SGRIB'BLED, pp. VVTitten hastily and without care. 

SCRIB'BLER, n. A petty author ; a writer of no reputa- 
tion. 

SCRIBE, 71. [Fr.; L. scriba.] 1. In a geveral sense, a 
writer. 2. A notary ; a public writer. — 3. In ecclesiasti- 
cal meetings and associations in America, a secretary or 
clerk ; one wlio records the transactions of an ecclesiastical 
body. — 4. In Scripture, a clerk or secretary to the king. 
2 Sam. viii. 5. An officer who enrolled or kept the rolls 
of the army, and called over the names and reviewed 
them. 2 Ck. xxvi. 6 . A writer and a doctor of the law ; 
a man of learning ; one skilled in the law ; one who 
read and explained the law to the people. Ezra vii. 

SCRIBE, V. t. To mark by a model or rule ; to mark so as 
to fit one piece to another ; a term used by carpenters. 

jSGRIKE, V. i. To cry out. See Screak. 

I SGRi'MER, 71. [Fr. escrt 7 neur.] A fencing-master. 

SCRIMP, V. t. [Sw. skrumpen; D. krimpen.] To contract ; 
to shorten ; to make too small or short ; to limit or strait- 
en. ATeio England. 

SCRIMP, fl. Short ; scanty. 

SCRIMP, 71, A pinching miser ; a niggard ; a close-fisted 
person. J\''ew England. 

SCRINE, n. [L. scrinium: Norm, escrin.'j A shrine; a 
chest, book-case or other place where writings or curiosi- 
ties are deposited. 

SCRINGE, V. i. To cringe, of which this word is a corrup- 
tion. 

SCRIP, 77 . [W. ysgrab, ysgrepan ; Sw. skrappa.'] A small 
bag ; a wallet ; a satchel. 

SCRIP, 71. [L. scriptum., scriptio.] A small writing, certifi- 
cate or schedule ; a piece of paper containing a writing. 

t SCRIP'PAGE, 71. That which is contained in a scrip. 

t SCRIPT, 77 . A scrip. Chaucer. 

SGRIP'TO-RY, a. [L. scriptorius.'] Written ; expressed in 
writing; not verbal. \^Little used.'] Swift. 

SCRIPT'U-RAL, a. 1. Contained in the Scriptures, so call- 
ed by way of eminence, that is, in the Bible. 2. Accord- 
ing to the Scriptures or sacred oracles. 

SCRIPT'U-RAE-IST, 77 . One who adheres literally to the 
Scriptures and makes them the foundation of all philoso- 
pi^y- 

SCRIPT'URE, 77 . [L. scriptura.] 1. In its primary sense, a 
writing ; any thing written. — 2. Appropriately, and by 
WU7J of distinctio7i, the books of the Old and New Testa- 
ment ; the Bible. 


SCRIPT^U-RIST, Ui One well versed in the Scripture#. 

SCRiVE'NER, (skriv'ner) 77 . [W. ysgrive7iwr ; It. scrivano i 
Fr. ecrivain.] 1. A writer; one whose occupation is ta 
draw contracts or other writings. 2. One whose business 
is to place money at interest. 

SCROF'U-LA, 71. [L.] A disease, called vulgarly theking^s 
evil, characterized by hard and scirrous tumors in the 
glands of the neck, «k.c. 

SCROF^U-LOUS, a. 1. Pertaining to scrofula, or partaking 
of its nature. 2. Diseased or affected with scrofula, 

SCROG, 71 . [Sax. scroh.] A stunted shrub, bush or branch. 

SCROLL, 77. [Fr. ecroue.] A roil of paper or parchment; 
or a writing formed into a roll. 

SGRO'TUM, 77. The bag which contains tJie testicles. 

[SGROYLE, 71 . [Fr. ecrouelles ; D. schraal.] A mean fel- 
low ; a w'retch. Shak. 

SCRUB, V. t. [Sw. skmibba ; Dan. skrubber ; D. schrobben ,* 
G. schrubben.] To rub hard, eitJier with the hand or with 
a cloth or an instrument; usually, to rub hard with a 
brush, or with something coarse or rough, for the purpose 
of cleaning, scouring or making bright. 

SCRUB, V. i. To be diligent and penurious. 

SCRUB, 71. 1. A mean fellow ; one that labors hard and 
lives meanly. 2. Something small aiid mean. 3. A wern- 
out brush. 

SCRUB'BED, ^ a. Small and mean; stunted in growth. 

SCRUB'BY, i Swift. 

SCRUDGE, V. t. To crowd thickly together ; to squeeze, 
Orose. 

SCRUF, for sew'f, not in use. 

SCRU'PLE, 77 . [Fr. sci'upule ; L. scrupulus, scrupulum.] 1. 
Doubt; hesitation from the difficulty of determining 
what is right or expedient ; backwardness ; reluctance to 
decide or to act. 2. A weight of 20 grains, the third 
part of a dram ; among goldsmiths, tlie weight of 24 
grains. — 3. Proverbially, a very small quantity. — 4. In 

Chaldean chronology, the P^trt of an hour. 

SCRU'PLE, 7 ;. i. To doubt; to liesitate. J\Iilt 07 i. 

SCRU'PLE, V. t. To doubt; to hesitate to believe; to 
question. 

SCRU'PLED, pp. Doubted ; questioned. 

SCRu'PLER, 77 . A doubter ; one who hesitates. 

SGRuTLlNG, ppr. Doubting; hesitating; questioning. 

[SCRu'PU-LlZE, V. t. To perplex with scruples. Moun- 
tagu. 

SCRU-PU-LOS'I-TY, n. [L. scrupulnsitas.] 1. The quality 
or state of being scrupulous ; doubt ; doubtfulness respect- 
ing some difficult point, or proceeding from the diliiculty 
or delicacy of determining how to act ; hence, the caution 
or tenderness arising from the fear of doing wrong or of- 
fending. 2. Nicety of doubt ; or nice regard to exactness^ 
and propriety. 3. Niceness ; preciseness. 

SGRU'PU-LOUS, a. [h. scrupulosus j Fr. scrupuleux.] 3. 
Nicely doubtful ; hesitating to determine or to act; cau- 
tious in decision from a fear of offending or doing wrong. 
2. Given to making objections ; captious. 3. Nice ; doubt- 
ful ; [ 065.1 4. Careful ; cautious ; exact in regarding 

facts. 5. Nice; exact. Paley. 

SGRU'PU-LOUS-LY, adv. With a nice regard to minute 
particulars or to exact propriety. Taylor. 

SCRu’PU-LOUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
scrupulous ; niceness, exactness or caution in determin- 
ing or in acting, from a regard to truth, propriety or ex- 
pedience. 

SCRU'TA-BLE, a. Discoverable by inquiry or critical ex- 
amination. Decay of Piety. 

t SCRU-Ta'TION, 77. Search; scrutiny. 

SCRU-Ta'TQR, 77 . [L.] One that scrutinizes; a close ex- 
aminer or inquirer. [Little 7ised.] Aylife. 

SCRU-TI-NEER', n. A searcher ; an examiner. 

SCRu'TI-NIZE, V. t. To search closely ; to examine or in- 
quire into critically. 

SCRU'TI-NiZED, pp. Examined closely. 

SCRu'TI-NIZ [NG, ppr. Inquiring into with critical mi- 
nuteness or exactness. 

SGRU'TI-NiZ-ER, n. One who examines with critical 
care. 

SCRU'TI-NOUS, a. Closely inquiring or examining ; cap- 
tious. Denham. 

SCRU'TI-NY, 71. [Fr. scrutin ; It. scrutlnio ; Sp. escr7itinio ; 
Low L. scrutmiu7n.] 1. Close search ; minute inquiry ; 
critical examination. — 2. In the primitive church, an ex- 
amination of catechumens in the last week of Lent, who 
were to receive baptism on Easter-day. — 3. In the cano7i 
law, a ticket or little paper billet on which a vote is writ- 
ten. 

t SGRU'TI-NY, 7). t. The same as scrutinize. 

SCRU-TolR', (skru-tore') 71. [Fr. ecritoire.] A kind of desk, 
case of drawers or cabinet, with a lid opening downward 
for the convenience of writing on it. 

SCRtjZE, V. t. To crowd ; to squeeze, [A low rcord.] 

SCUD, V. i. [Dan. skyder, skud ; Sw. skiidda.] 1. In a 
general sense, to be driven or to flee or fly with haste.— 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— B|JLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Til as in this, f Obsolete. 


scu 


732 


SEA 


In seamen^s language, to be driven with precipitation be- 
fore a tempest. 2 . To run with precipitation j to fly. 

S€UD, V. t. To pass over quickly. Shenatone. 

SCUD, n. 1 . A low, thin cloud, or thin clouds driven by 
the wind. 2 . A driving along 3 a rushing with precip- 
itation. 

SCUD DING, ppr. Driving or being driven before a tempest 3 
running with fleetness. 

SCUD'DLD, ?5. i. To run with a kind of affected haste 3 
commonly pronounced scuttle. \_A low ?cord.] 

SCUF'FLE, n. [This is a different orthography of shuffie ; 
Sw. sk2iff, skuffa ; Dan. skuffe.] 1 . A contention or trial 
of strength between two persons, who embrace each 
other’s bodies 5 a struggle with close embrace, to decide 
which shall throw the other. 2 . A confused contest 3 a 
tumultuous struggle for victory or superiority 3 a fight. 

SCUF'FLE, V. i. 1 . To strive or struggle with close em- 
brace, as two men or boys. 2 . To strive or contend tu- 
multuously, as small parties. 

SCUF'FLEK, 72 . One who scuffles. 

SCUF'FLING, ppj\ Striving for superiority with close em- 
brace 3 struggling or contending without order. 

SCUG, V. t. [Dan. skygger.'\ To hide. \^Local.^ Grose. 

SCULK, V. i. [Dan. skiuler ; Sw. skijla.] To retire into a 
close or covered place for concealment ; to lurk 3 to lie 
close from shame, fear of injury or detection. 

SGULK'ER, 72 . A lurker 5 one that lies close for liiding. 

SUULK'ING, ppr. Withdrawing into a close or covered 
place for concealment 5 lying close. 

SGULL, 72 . 1. The brain-pan 3 [see Skull.] 2. A boat 5 a 
cock -boat 5 [see Sculler.] 3 . One who sculls a boat. 
4 . A short oar, whose loom is only equal in length to half 
the breadth of the boat to be rowed, so that one man can 
manage two, one on each side. 5 . [Sax. sceole.] A shoal 
or multitude of fish 5 [oZ>s.] 

SOULL, V. t. To impel a boat by moving and turning an 
oar over the stern. JIar. Diet. 

SGULL'-GAP. See Skull-cap. 

SUULL'ER, 72 . 1 . A boat rowed by one man with two 
sculls or short oars. 2 . One that sculls, or rows with 
sculls 5 one that impels a boat by an oar over tlie stern. 

SUULL'ER-Y, 72 . [Fr. ecuelle Scot, skul., skoll A place 
where dishes, kettles and other culinary utensils are kept. 

SGULLflON, 72 . [Ir. squille.'] A servant that cleans pots 
and kettles, and does other menial services in the kitchen. 

f S€ULL'JON-LY, a. Like a scullion 3 base 3 low 3 mean. 

f S€ULP, V. t. [L. sculpo.'l To carve 3 to engrave. 

SCULP'TILE, a. [L. sculptilis.^ Formed by carving. 

SUULP'TOR, 72 . [L.] One whose occupation is to carve 
wood or stone into images 3 a carver. Encyc. 

SGULPT'URE, 72 . [Fr. 5 L. sculotura.l 1 . The art of carv- 
ing, cutting or hewing wood or stone into images of men, 
beasts or other things. 2 . Carved work. 3 . The art of 
engraving on copper. 

SGULPT'URE, V. t. To carve 3 to engrave 3 to form images 
or figures with the chisel on wood, stone or metal. 

SGULPT'URED, pp. Carved 5 engraved. 

SCULPTT’R-ING, ppr. Carving 3 engraving. 

SCUM, 72 . [Fr. ec 222/2 e ; It. 5 c/ 2 i 227 / 2 a ; Sw., Dan. s7:m//2.] 1 . 
The extraneous matter or impurities which rise to the 
surface of liquors in boiling or fermentation, or which 
form on the surface by other means. 2 . The refuse 3 the 
recrement 5 that which is vile or worthless. 

SCUM, V. t. To take the scum from 3 to clear off the impure 
matter from the surface 3 to skim. 

SCUMTER, 72 . The dung of the fox. Ainsworth. 

SCUMJIED, pp. Cleared of scum 3 skimmed. 

SCUM'MER, 71 . [Fr. ecumoire.l An instrument used for 
taking off the scum of liquors 3 a skimmer. 

SGUM'MIXG, ppr. Clearing of scum 3 skimming. 

SCUM'MIXGS, 72 . plu. The matter skimmed from boiling 
liquors. Edwards, JV. Indies. 

SCUPTER, 72 . [Sp. esenpir.'] The scuppers ox scupper-holes 
of a ship are channels cut through the water-ways and 
sides of a ship at proper distances, and lined with lead 
for carrying off the water from the deck. 

SCUP'PER-HoSE, 72 . A leathern pipe attached to the mouth 
of the scuppers of the lower deck of a ship, to prevent the 
water from entering. 

SGUP'PER-NaIL, 72 . A nail with a very broad head for 
covering a large surface of the hose. Mar. Diet. 

SCUPTER-PLUG, n. A plug to stop a scupper. 

SCURF, 72 . [Sax. scurf G. schorf ; D. schurft ; Dan. skurv ; 
Sw. skorf!] 1 . A dry miliary scab or crust formed on the 
skin of an animal. 2 . The soil or foul remains of any 
thing adherent. 3 . Any thing adhering to the surface. 

SCURFF, 72 . Another name for the bull-trout. 

SCURF'l-XESS, 72 . The state of being scurfy. 

SCURF'Y, fl. 1 . Having scurf 3 covered with scurf. 2 . Re- 
sembling scurf. 

SCUR'RIL, a. [L. scurrilis.] Such as befits a buffoon or 
vulgar jester ; low ; mean 3 grossly opprobrious in lan- 
guage 3 scurrilous. Dryden. 

SCUR-RIL'I-TY, 72 . [L. scurrilitns ,* Fr. scurrilite.] Such 


low, vulgar, indecent or abusive language, as is used by 
mean fellows, buffoons, jesters and the like 3 grossness of 
reproach or invective 3 obscene jests, &c. 

SCUR'RIL-OUS, a. 1 . Using the low and indecent language 
of the meaner sort of people, or such as only the license 
of buffoons can warrant. 2 . Containing low indecency or 
abuse 3 mean 3 foul 3 vile 5 obscenely jocular. 

SCUIPRIL-OUS-LY, adv. \Vith gross reproach 3 with low, 
indecent language. Tillotson. 

SCUR'RlL-OUS-isESS, 72. Indecency of language 3 vulgar- 
ity 5 baseness of manners. 

SCUR'Vl-LY, adc. [from sc/zr/;//.] Basely 3 meanly 3 with 
coarse and vulgar incivility. Swift. 

SCUR'VI-XESS, 72 . The state of being scurvy. 

SCUR'VO-GEL, 72 . A Brazilian fowl of the stork kind. 

SCUR'VY, 72 . [from scurf ; Low L. scorbutus.^ A disease 
characterized by great debility 3 most incident to persons 
who live confined, or on salted meats without fresh vege- 
tables in cold climates. 

SCUR'VY, a. 1 . Feurfy 3 covered or affected by scurf or 
scabs 3 scabby 3 diseased with scurvy. 2 . Vile 3 mean; 
low 3 vulgar 3 worthless 5 contemptible. Swift. 

SCUR'VY-GRaSS, 72 . A plant 3 spoonwort. 

’SCuS'ES, for excuses. Shak. 

SCUT, 72 . [Ice. skott ; W. cwt.] The tail of a hare or other 
animal whose tail is short. Sivift. 

SCu'TAGE, 72. [Law L. seutagiujn.'] In English history, a 
tax or contribution levied U]X)n those who held lands by 
knight service. 

SCUl'CII'EO.X. A contraction of escutcheon, which see. 

SCUTE, 72 . [L. 6'C22t 227 / 2 .] A Frencli gold coin of 3 ^. 4 d. ster- 
liiig. 

SCu'TEL-LA-TED, a. [L. scutella.'] Formed like a pan 3 
divided into small surfaces. IVoodward. 

SCu'TI-FORM, a. [L. scutum, and /ur/;/.] Having the form 
of a buckler or shield. 

SCUT'TLE, n. [L. scutella ; Sax. scutel, scuttel.] A broad, 
shallow basket 3 so called from its resemblance to a dish. 

SCUT'TLE, 72 . [Fr. ecoutille ; Arm. scoutilh ,• Sp. escotilla ; 
Sax. scyttel.] I. In ships, a small hatchway or opening in 
the deck, large enough to admit a man, and with a lid for 
covering it 3 also, a like hole in the side of a shij), and 
through the coverings of her hatchways, &lc. 2 . A square 
hole in the roof of a house, with a lid. 3 . [from scud, and 
properly scziddle.] A quick pace 3 a short run. 

SCUT'TLE, V. i. To run with affected precipitation. 

SCUT'TLE, V. t. 1 . To cut large holes through the bottom 
or sides of a ship for any purpose. 2 . To sink by making 
holes through the bottom. 

SCUT TLE-BUTT, ) n. A butt or cask having a square 

SCUT TLE-CaSK, I piece sawn out of its bilge, and 
lashed upon deck. 

SCUT'TLED, pp. Having holes made in the bottom or 
sides 3 sunk by means of cutting holes in the bottom or side. 

SGUT'TLE-FISH, 72. The cuttle-fish, so called. 

SCUT'TLIXG, ppr. Cutting holes in the bottom or sides 3 
sinking by such holes. 

SCYT'ALE, 72 . A species of serpent. 

SCYTHE. A wrong spelling. See Sythe. 

SCYTH'TAN, a. Pertaining to Scythia. 

SCYTH'IAX, 72 . A native of Scythia. 

I SDaIX, for disdain. [It. sdegnare.~\ Spenser. 

f SDElN'F]jh, for disdahiful. Spenser. ^ 

SeA, (see) 72 . [Sax. see, seege ; G. see ; D. zee ; Sw. szi/.] I. 
A large basin, cistern or la ver which Solomon made in 
the temple. 2 . A large body of water, nearly inclosed by 
land, as the Baltic. 3 . The ocean 3 as, to go to sea. 4 . 
A wave 3 a billow 3 a surge. 5 . The swell of the ocean 
in a tempest, or the direction of the w'aves. — 6. Proverbi- 
ally, a-large quantity of liquor. 7 . A rough or agitated 
place or element. — Half seas over, half drunk 5 [a low 
phrase.] Spectator. — On the high seas, in the open sea, the 
^ommon highway of nations. 

SeA-A-X"EM' 0 -XY, 72 . The animal flower, which see. 

SeA'-APE, 72 . The name of a marine animal. 

SeA'-BAXK, 72 . 1 . The sea shore. Shak. 2 . A bank or 
jnole to defend against the sea. 

SeA'-BAR, 72 . The sea-swallo^v. .Johnson. 

SeA'-BAT, 72 . A sort of flying-fish. Cotgrave. 

SeA'-BaTHED, a. [sea and bathe.] Bathed, dipped or 
washed in the sea. Sandys. 

SeA'-BEaR, 72 . An animal of the bear kind that frequents 
the sea 3 the white or polar bear 3 also, the ursine seal. 

SeA'-BEARD, 72 . A marine plant, conferva rupcstris. 

SeA'-BeAST, 72 . [scft and beast.] A beast or monstrous 
_aniinal_of the sea. Milton. 

FeA'-BeAT, ) a. [sea and beat.] Beaten by the sea 3 

SeA'-BeAT-EX, I lashed by the waves. 

SkA'BoARD, 72 . [sc/2, and Fr. bord.] The sea shore. 

SeA'BoARD, adv. Towards the sea. 

SeA'-BoAT, 72 . A vessel that bears the sea firmly, without 
laboring or straining her masts and rigging. 

SeA'-BoRD, ) a. [sc/2, and Fr. bord.] Bordering 

SeA'-BORD'ER-IXG, I on the sea or ocean. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FaR, FALL, WHAT 3 — PREY 3 — FIX, MARiXE, BIRD 3 — f Obsolete. 


SEA 


733 


SeA'-BORN, a. [5ca and Jorn.] 3. Born of the seaj pro- 
duced by the sea. 2. Born at sea. 

SeA -BOLTND, ) a. [*'ea and hound.'] Bounded by the 

SeA'-BOUXD-ED, i sea. 

SeA'-BOY, 71. A boy employed on shipboard. 

SeA'-BReACH, ?{. \_sea and breach.] Irruption of the sea 
by breaking the banks. L'* Estrange. 

SeA'-BReAM, n. A fish of tlie spams kind. 

SeA'-BREEZE, n. A wind or current of air blowing from 
Jhe sea upon land. 

SeA'-BUILT, a. Built for the sea. Dryden. 

SeA-€AB'BACiE, ) n. Sea-colewort, a plant of the genus 

SeA'-CaLE, j crambe. 

SeA'-€ALF, 71. The common seal, a species ofphoca. 

SeA'-€AP, 7t. A cap made to be worn at sea. 

SeA'-CXRD, n. The mariner’s card or compass. 

SeA'-€ARP, 7i. [sea and carp.] A spotted fish living among 
rocks and stones. Johnson. 

SeA'-CHaNGE, n. A change wrought by the sea. 

SeA'-CHaRT, n. A chart or map on which the line of tlie 
jliore, isles, shoals, harbors, &c. are delineated. 

SEA'-CiR'€LED, a. Surrounded by the sea. 

SeA'-GoAL, 7J. Coal brought by sea ; a vulgar name for 
fossil coal, in distinction from charcoal. 

SeA'-GoAST, n. The shore or border of the land adjacent 
_to the sea or ocean. 

SeA'-GOB, 71. A fowl, called, also, sea-gull. 

SeA'-GoLE-WoRT, 77. Sea-cale, which see. 

SeA'-G6M-PASS, 71. [sea and compass.] The mariner’s 
card and needle ; the compass constructed for use at sea. 

SeA'-GOOT, 71. A sea fowl, fulica 7iiarina. 

SeA-GOR'MO-RANT, n. The sea-crow or sea-drake. 

SeA'-COVV, n. [sea and cofc.] The trichechus 7nanatus. 

SeA'-GRoW, n. A fowl of the gull kind. 

SeA^-DEV-IL, 71. The fishing-frog or toad-fish. 

SeA'-DOG, 71. 1. A fish. 2. Tlie sea-calf or common seal. 

SeA'-DRAG-OX, 71. Amarine monster caught in England, 
Jn 1749. Oent. Magazine. 

SeA'-eAR, 71. A sea plant, auris ma7'ina. Johnson. 

SeA'-EEL, 7/. An eel caught in salt water; the conger. 

SeA'-EX^-CiR'GLED, a. [sea and e;ic/rcZerf.J Encompassed 
by the sea. Thomson. 

SeA -FaR-ER, 71. One that follows the seas ; a mariner. 

SeA^-FaR-IXG, a. Following the business of a seaman ; 
customarily employed in navigation. 

SeA'-FEX"-NEL, 71. The same as sa7nphire. 

SeA'-FiGHT, 71. An engagement between ships at sea; a 
naval action. Bacon. 

SeA'-FISH, 71. Any marine fish. 

SeA'-FOWL, 71. [sea and foicZ.] A marine fowl. 

SeA'-FOX, 71. A species of squat us. 

SeA'-GaGE, 71. [sea and gage.] The depth that a vessel 
sinks in the water. Encyc. 

SeA'-GAR-LAND, 71. [sea and garland.] A plant. 

SeA'-GIR-DLES?, n. A sort of sea mushroom. Joh7ison. 

SeA'-GiRT, a. [sea and girt.] Surrounded by the water of 
Bie sea or ocean. Milto7i. 

SeA'-GOD, 71. [sea and god.] A marine deity. 

SeA'-GOWX, 71. A gown or garment with short sleeves. 

SeA'-GRASS, 71. A plant growing on the sea shore. 

SeA'-GREEN, a. [sea and green ] Having the color of sea 
water ; being of a faint green color. Locke. 

SeA'-GREEX, 71. 1. The color of sea water. 2. A plant. 

SeA'-gULL, 71. [sea and gull.] A fowl of the genus lai-us / 
a species of gull ; called, also, sea-croic. 

SeA'-IIARE, 71. [sea and hare.] A marine animal. 

SeA'-HEDGE-IIOG, 71. A sea shell, a species of echmus. 

SeA'-HE.X, 71. Another name of the guillemot. 

SeA'-HOG, 71. [sea and hog.] The porpoise, which see. 

SeA'-HOL-LY, 71. A plant of the genus enjngium. 

SeA'-HoL!M, 71. [sea, and Dan. holm.] 1. A small, iinin- 
2iabited isle. 2. Sea-holly. Careic. 

SeA'-HORSE, 71. 1. In ichthyology, the morse. 2. The 
hippopotamus, or river-horse 3. A fish of the needle-fish 
kind. 

SeA'-LEGS, 71. The ability to walk on a ship’s deck when 
pitching or rolling. Mar. Diet. 

SeA'-LEM-OX, 71. [sea and lemon.] A marine animal. 

SeA'-LTKE, a. [sea and like. I Resembling the sea. 

SeA'-LT-OX’, 71. An animal of the genus p/ioca or seal. 

SeA'-MaID, 71. 1. The mermaid. 2. A sea nymph. 

SeA'-MALL, or SeA'-MEW, 7i. A fowl, a species of gull 
^r larus. 

SeA'MAN, 71. [sea and 7J1 a 11 . J 1. A sailor ; a mariner. — 2. 
By way of distinction, a skillful mariner; also, a man who 
is well versed in the art of navigating ships. 3. Merman, 
the male of the mermaid ; [/iVtZe used.] Locke. 

SeA'MAX-SHIP, 71. The skill of a good seaman ; an ac- 
quaintance with the art of managing and navigating a 
ship. 

EeA'-MXRK, 77. Any elevated object on land which serves 
for a direction to mariners in entering a harbor, or in sail- 
ing alons or approaching a coast ; a beacon. 

SEA' -MEW, 71. A fowl, a species of gull or larus. 


SEA 

SeA^-MOX-STER, 77 . A huge marine animal. 

SeA'-MOSS, 71. A name given to coral. 

SeA'-MOUSE, 71. A marine animal. 

SeA'-XA-VEL-W6RT, 71 . A plant. Johnson. 

SeA'-X EE-pLE, 71. A name of the gar or garfish. 

SeA'-XET-TEE, 71. Another name of the animal flower, 
or sea-anemony. E7icyc. 

SeA -XURSED, a. Nursed by the sea. J. Barloic. 

SeA'-XYMPII, 71. A nymph or goddess of the sea. 

SeA'-oX’'IOX", 71. [sea and onion.] A plant. jUnsworth. 

SeA'-OOZE, 71. [sea and ooze.] The soft mud on or near 
the sea-shore. Mortimer. 

SeA'-OT-TER, 71. A species of otter. 

SeA'OWL, 71. Another name of the lump-fish. 

SeA'-PAD, 77. The star-fish, Stella znarina. 

SeA'-PAX-THER, 71. A fish like a lamprey. 

SeA'-PHEAS'AXT, 71 . _ The pin-tailed duck. 

SeA'-PiE, or SeA'-PyE, 71 . A fowl of the genus hceTnato- 
pus, and grallic order. 

SeA'-PIE, 71. A dish of food consisting of paste and meat 
Jioiled together. 

SeA'-PIeGE, 71 . A picture representing a scene at sea. 

SeA'-PLAXT, 71. A plant that grows in salt water. 

SeA'-POOL, 71. A lake of salt water. Spenser. 

SeA'-PoRT, 71. [sea and port.] 1. A harbor near the sea, 
formed by an arm of the sea or by a bay. 2. A city or 
town situated on a harbor, on or near the sea. 

SeA-RE-SEM'BLIXG, a. Like the sea ; sea-like. 

SeA'-RISK, 71. Hazard or risk at sea. 

SeA'-ROB-BER, 71. [sea and robber.] A pirate ; one that 
jobs on the high seas. 

SeA'-ROGK-ET, 71. A plant of the genus bunias. 

SeA'-ROOM, 71. Ample space or distance from land, shoals 
jr rocks. 

SeA'-Ro-VER, 71. ]. A pirate ; one that cruises for plun- 
der. 2. A ship or vessel that is employed in cruising for 
plunder. 

SeA'-RUFF, 71 . A kind of sea fish. [L. 0777/ins.] 

SeA-SGOR'PI-OX”, 71. 'J'he fatherlasher. 

SeA'-SER-PEXT, 71 . [sea and sempent.] A huge animal 
Jike a serpent inhabiting the sea. Guthrie. 

SeA'-SER-ViCE, 71. [sea and service.] X’^aval service ; ser- 
vice in the navy or in ships of war. 

SeA'-SHaRK, 71. A ravenous sea fish. Shak. 

SeA'-SHELL, 77 . [sea and shell.] A marine shell ; a shell 
that grows in the sea. Mortimer. 

SeA'-SHoRE, 77. [sea and s/io7*e.] The coast of the sea; 
2he land that lies adjacent to the sea or ocean. 

SeA'-SIGK, a. Affected with sickness or nausea by means 
j)f the pitching or rolling of a vessel. Swift. 

SeA'-SIGK-X’^ESS, 71 . Tlie sickness or nausea occasioned 
Jjy the pitching and rolling of a ship in an agitated sea. 

SeA'-SIDE, 71. The land bordering on the sea; the country 
adjacent to the sea, or near it. Pope. 

SeA'-STaR, 71. [sea and star.] The star-fish. 

SeA'-SUR'GEoX, 71. A surgeon employed on shipboard. 

SeA-SUR-ROUXD'ED, a. Encompassed by the sea. 

SeA'-TERM, 71. A word or term used appropriately by sea- 
jnen, or peculiar to the art of navigation. 

SeA'-THIeF, 71. [sea and thief.] A pirate. 

ISeA'-ToAD, 77 . An ugly fish, so called. Cotgrave. 

SeA'-ToRX, a. [sea and torn.] Torn by or at sea. 

SeA'-TOSSED, a. Tossed by the sea. Shak. 

SeA'-UR-CHIX', 71. A genus of marine animals. 

SeA'-WALLED, a. Surrounded or defended by the sea. 

SeA'WARD, a. Directed towards the sea. Donne. 

SeA'WARD, adv. Towards the sea. Dro7jto7i. 

SeAMVA-TER, 71. [sea and water.] Water of the sea or 
ocean, which is salt'. Bacc7t. 

SeA'-WEED, 71. [sea and zceed.] A marine plant. 

SeA'-WITH-WIXD, 71. Bindweed. 

SeA'-WOLF, 71 . A fish of the genus anai-rhicas. 

SeA'-WoRM-WOOD, 71. A sort of wormwood. Lee. 

SeA-WoR'THI-XESS, 71. I'lie state of being able to re- 
sist the ordinary violence of wind and weather ; applied 
to a ship. 

SeA'-WoR-THY, a. Fit for a voyage ; worthy of being 
^rusted to transport a cargo with safety. 

Seal, 71 . [Sax. seal, sele, sijle : Sw. sia/.] The common 
jiame for the species of the genus phoca. 

Seal, n. [Sax. sigel, sigle ; G. siegel ; L. sigillum ; It, si- 
gillo i Sp. sigilo.] 1. A piece of metal or other hard sub- 
stance, usually round or oval, on which is engraved some 
image or device used for making impressions on wax. 2. 
The wax set to an instrument, and impressed or stamped 
with a seal. 3. The wax or wafer that makes fast a letter 
or other paper. 4. Any act of confirmation. 5. That which 
confirms, ratifies or makes stable ; assurance. 2 7\m. ii. 
G. That which effectually shuts, confines or seizures ; that 
which makes fast. Rev. xx. 

Seal, V. t. [Sw. besegla, forscgla : Dan. bescgler,fGrseg- 
Icr ,• G. sieneln.] 1 To fasten with a seal ; to attach to- 
gether with a wafer or with wax. 2. To set or affix a 
seal as a mark of authenticity. 3. To confirm ; to ratify ; 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE. -G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


SEA 


734 SEC 


to establish. 4. To shut or keep close. 5. To make fast. 
C. I’o mark with a stamp, as an evidence of standard ex- 
actness, legal size, or merchantable quality. 7. To keep 
secret. 8. To mark as one’s property, and secure from 
danger. Cant. iv. 9. To close ; to fulfill; to complete; 
with up. Dan. ix. 10. To imprint on the mind. Job 
xxxiii. 11. To inclose ; to hide ; to conceal. Job xiv. 
12. To confine ; to restrain. Job xxxvii. — 13. In archi- 
tecture, to fix a piece of wood or iron in a wall with ce- 
jnent. 

Seal, v.i. To fix a seal. [Unusual.] Shale. 

Sealed, pp. Furnished with a seal ; fastened with a seal ; 
confirmed ; closed. 

SeAL'ER, n. 1. One who seals ; an officer in chancery 
who seals writs and instruments. — 2. In JVew England, 
an officer to examine and try weights and measures. 

SeAL'IiNG, ppr. Fixing a seal ; fastening with a seal ; 
confirming ; closing ; keeping secret. 

SEAL'liVG, n. [from seal, the animal.] The operation of 
taking seals and curing their skins. 

SeAL'iNG-VOY-AGE, n. A voyage for the purpose of 
Jcilling seals and obtaining their skins. 

SeAL'Ia’G-WAX, 71. [seaZ and waz.] Hard wax used for 
sealing letters. 

Seam, n. [Sax. seam ,* D. zoom ; G. saum ; Dan. sorn.] 1. 
The suture or uniting of two edges of cloth by the needle. 
2. The joint or juncture of planks in a ship’s side or 
deck ; or rather the intervals between the edges of boards 
or planks in a floor, &c. — 3. In mines, a vein or stratum 
of metal, ore, coal and the like. 4. A cicatrix or scar. 
5. A measure of eight bushels of corn ; or the vessel that 
contains it. 

■{• SeAM, n. [Sax. seim ; W. sai/ri.] Tallow ; grease ; 
Jard. 

Seam, v. t. l. To form a seam ; to sew or otherwise unite. 
2. To mark with a cicatrix ; to scar. Pope. 

SeA'MAiV. Sec under Sea. 

Seamed, pp. Marked with seams ; having seams. 

SeAM'ING, 2>P'f'> Marking with scars ; making seams. 

SeAM'LESS, a. Having no seam. 

SeAM'-REx\T, n. [seam and rent.] The rent of a seam ; 
the separation of a suture. 

Seam STER, n. One that sews well, or whose occupation 
_is to sew. 

SeAM'STRESS, n. [thsit is, seamster ess ; Sax. seamestre.] 
_A woman whose occupation is sewing. 

SeAM'Y, a. Having a seam ; containing seams. 

SeAN, 77. A nej. See Seine. 

SeA'POY, or SE'POY, n. [Pers. sipahi ; Hindoo, sepahai.] 
A native of India in the military service of an European 
power. 

Sear, v. t. [Sax. searan.] 1. To burn to dryness and hard- 
ness the surface of any thing ; to cauterize ; to expose to 
a degree of heat tnat changes the color of the surface, or 
makes it hard. 2. To wither ; to dry. 3. To make cal- 
lous or insensible. — To sear up, to close by searing or cau- 
terizing ; to stop. 

Sear, a. Dry ; withered. Milton. Ray. 

SEARCE, (sers) v.t. To sift ; to bolt ; to separate the fine 
part of meal from the coarse. [Little used.] Mortimer. 

SEARCE, (sers) ?/. A sieve ; a bolter. [Little used.] 

SEAR'CER, (sers'er) n. One that sifts or bolts. [L. 77 .] 

SEARCH, (serch) v.t. [Px. chcrcher ; il. cercare.] 1. To 
look over or through for the purpose of finding something ; 
to explore ; to examine by inspection. 2. To inquire ; to 
seek for. 3. I’c probe ; to seek the knowledge of by 
feeling with an instrument. 4. To examine ; to try. Ps. 
cxxxix. — To search out, to seek till found, or to find by 
seeking. 

SEARCH, (serch) v.i. 1. To seek ; to look for; to make 
searcli. 2. To make inquiry ; to inquire. — To search for, 
to look for ; to seek ; to try to find. 

SEARCH, (serch) n. 1. A seeking or looking for something 
that is lost, or the place of which is unknown. 2. In- 
quiry ; a seeking. 3. Quest ; pursuit for finding. 

SEARCH' A-BLE, (serch'a-bl) a. Tliat may be searched or 
explored. Cotgrave. 

SEARCH'ED, (sercht) pp. Looked over carefully ; explor- 
ed ; examined. 

SEAllCH'ER, (serch'er) n. 1. One who searches, explores 
or examines for the purpose of finding something. 2. A 
seeker; an inquirer. 3. An examiner; a trier. 4. An 
officer in London, appointed to examine the bodies of the 
dead, and report the cause of their death. 6. An inspec- 
tor of leather. — 7. In military affairs, an instrument for 
examining ordnance, to ascertain whether guns have any 
cavities in them. 8. An instrument used in the inspec- 
tion of butter, &c. to ascertain the quality of that which 
is contained in firkins ; [local.] Mass. 

SEARCH'ING, (serch'ing) ppr. 1. Looking into or over; 
exploring ; examining ; inquiring ; seeking ; investiga- 
ting. 2. a. Penetrating ; trying ; close. 

SEARCH'ING, (serch'ing) n. Examination ; severe inqui- 
sition. Judges V. 


SEARCH'LESS, (serch'les) a. Inscrutable ; eluding search 
or investigation. 

SeAR'-CLOTH, 71. [Sax. sar-clath.] A cloth to cover a 
sore ; a plaster. Mortimer. 

SeARED, pp. Burnt on the surface ; cauterized. 

SeAR'ED-NESS, 71. The state of being seared, cauterized 
^r hardened ; hardness ; insensibility. 

SeA'SON, (se'zn) n. [Fr. saison.] 1. A fit or suitable time; 
the convenient time ; the usual or appointed time. 2. 
Any time, as distinguished from others. 3. A time of 
some continuance, but not long. 4. One of the four divi- 
sions of the year, spring, summer, autumn, winter. To 
be in season, to be in good time ; sufficiently early. To 
he out of season, to be too late, beyond the proper time. 
5. That which matures or prepares for the taste ; that 
which gives a relish. 

SeA'SON, V. t. [Fr. assaisonner ; Sp., Port, sazonar.] 1. 
To render palatable, or to give a higher relish to, by the 
addition or mixture of another substance more pungent or 
pleasant. 2. To render more agreeable, pleasant or de- 
lightful ; to give a relish or zest to by something that ex- 
cites, animates or exhilarates. 3. To render more agree- 
able, or less rigorous and severe ; to temper ; to moderate ; 
to qualify by admixture. 4. To imbue ; to tinge or taint. 

5. To fit for any use by time or habit ; to mature ; to pre- 
pare. 6. To prepare for use by drying or hardening ; to 
take out or suffer to escape the natural juices. 7. To pre- 
pare or mature for a climate ; to accustom to and enable 
to endure. 

SeA'SON, V. i. 1. To become mature ; to grow fit for use ; 
to become adapted to a climate, as the human body. 2. 
To become dry and hard by the escape of the natural 
juices, or by being penetrated with other substance. 3. 
_l’o betoken ; to savor ; [ote.] 

SeA'SON- A-BLE, a. Opportune ; that comes, happens or 
is done in good time, in due season or in proper time for 
the purpose. 

SeA'SON-A-BLE-NESS, 71. Opportuneness of time ; the 
state of being in good time, or in time convenient for the 
jturpose, or sufficiently early. 

SeA'SON-A-BLY, ado. In due time ; in time convenient ; 
su^ffjciently early. 

t SeA'SON-AGE, 71. Seasoning; sauce. South. 

SeA'SONED, pp. Mixed or sprinkled with something that 
gives a relish ; tempered ; moderated ; qualified ; matur- 
ed ; dried and hardened. 

SeA'SON-ER, n. He that seasons; that which seasons, 
jrnatures or gives a relish. 

SeA'SON-ING, ppT*. Giving a relish by something added ; 
moderating ; qualifying ; maturing ; drying and liarden- 
^ng ; fitting by Iiabit. 

SeA'SON-ING, n. ]. That which is added to any species 
of food to give it a higher relish. 2. Something added or 
mixed to enhance the pleasure of enjoyment. 

Seat, 7i. [it. sedia ; Sp. sede, sitio ; L. sedes, 1. 

That on which one sits ; a chair, bench, stool or any other 
thing on which a person sits. 2. The place of sitting; 
throne ; chair of state ; tribunal ; post of authority. 3. 
Mansion; residence; dwelling; abode. 4. Site ; situa- 
tion. 5. That part of a saddle on which a person sits. — 

6. In horsemanship, the posture or situation of a person on 
horseback. 7. A pew or slip in a church; a place to sit 
in. 8. The place where a thing is settled or estab- 
lished. 

Seat, v.t. 1. To place on a seat; to cause to sit down. 
2. 'J'o place in a post of authority, in office or a place of 
distinction. 3. To settle ; to fix in a particular place or 
country. 4. To fix ; to set firm. 5. To place in a church ; 
to assign seats to. C. To appropriate the pews in to par- 
ticular families. 7. To repair by making the seat new. 
8^ To settle ; to plant with inhabitants. Stith, Virg. 

t Seat, V. i. To rest ; to lie down. Spenser. 

SeAT'ED, pp. Placed in a chair or on a bench, &c. ; set ; 
fixed ; settled ; established ; furnished with a seat. 

SeAT'ING, ppr. Placing on a seat ; setting; settling; fur- 
nishing with a seat ; having its seats assigned to individ- 
uals, as a church. 

SeAVES, n. plu. [Sw. saf ; Dan. sitj.] Rushes. [Local.] 

SeAV'Y, a. Overgrown with rushes. [Local.] 

SE-Ba'CEOUS, a. [Low L. sehaccus.] Made of tallow or 
fat ; pertaining to fat. 

SE-BAC'1€, a. In chemistry, pertaining to fat. 

Se'BATE, 71. In chemistry, a salt formed by the sebacic 
acid and a base. Hooper. 

SE-BES'TEN, n. The Assyrian plum, a plant. 

SE'GANT, a. [L. secaTi^.J Cutting ; dividing into two 
parts. 

Se'GANT, n. [It., Fr., Sp. secante.] 1. In geometry, a line 
that cuts another, or divides it into parts. — 2. In trigo- 
nometry, the secant of an arc is a right line drawn from 
the centre through one end of the arc, and terminated by 
a ta_ngent drawn through the other end. 

SE-CeDE', i. [E.seccdo.] To withdraw from fellowship, 
communion or association ; to separate one’s self. 


* See Sijnopsis, a , E, I, O, U, ' 2 , long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — ^Obsolete. 


SEC 


735 


SEC 


SE-CeD'ER, n. One wlio secedes. In Scotland^ the seceders 
are a numerous body of Presbyterians. 

SE-CeD'1NG, ppr. Withdrawing from fellowship. 

SE-CERN', V. t. [L. secerno.] In the animal economy^ to 
secrete. 

6 E-CERN'ED, (se-sernd') pp. Separated ; secreted. 

SE-CERN'EJNT, n. That which promotes secretion ; that 
which increases the irritative motions, which constitute 
secretion. 

SE-CERNTNG, ppr. Separating ; secreting. 

t SE-CESS', [L. secessus.] Retirement ; retreat. 

SE-CES'SION, n. [L. secessio.'\ 1. The act of withdraw- 
ing, particularly from fellowship and communion. 2 . 
'Ijie act of departing ; departure. 

f Se'GLE, n. [Er. si^cle ; L. seculum.'\ A century. 

SE-€LuDE', V. t. [L. sccludo.'[ 1. 'I’o separate, as from 
company or society, and, usually^ to keep apart for some 
length of time, or to confine in a separate state. 2. To 
sliut out ; to prevent from entering ; to preclude. 

SE-€LuD'ED, pp. Separated from others j living in retire- 
ment j shut out. 

SE-GLuD'lNG, ppr. Separating from others ; confining in 
solitude or in a separate state ; preventing entrance. 

SE-€Lu'SlON, 11 . The act of separating from society or 
connection ; the state of being separate or apart •, separa- 
tion ;_a shutting out. 

SE-CLU'SlVE, a. That secludes or sequesters j that keeps 
separate or in retirement. 

SEC OND, a. [Fr. ; \j. secundus ^ It. ^econdo.] 1. That im- 
mediately follows the first ; the next following the first in 
order of place or time ; the ordinal of two. 2. Next in 
value, power, excellence, dignity or rank ; inferior. 

SEC'OND, n. 1. One who attends another in a duel, to aid 
him, and see that all proceedings between the parties are 
fair. 2. One that supports or maintains another ; that 
which supports. 3. The sixtieth part of a minute of time 
or of a degree. — 4. In music, an interval of a conjoint 
degree. 

SEC'OaD, V. t. [L. secundo ; Fr. seconder It. secondare.'] 
1 . To follow in the next place. 2. To support ; to lend 
aid to the attempt of another ; to assist 5 to forward ; to 
promote ; to encourage \ to act as the maintainer. — 3. In 
leo-tslation, to support, as a motion or the mover. 

SEC OND-A-III-L^, ado. In the second degree or second 
order j not primarily or originally j not in the first inten- 
tion. 

SEC'OND-.A-RT-NESS, ??. The. state of being secondary. 

SEC'OND- A-RY, a. [L. secundarius.] 1. Succeeding next in 
order to the first ; subordinate. 2. Not primary ; not of the 
first intention. 3. Not of the first order or rate ; revolving 
about a primary planet. 4. Acting by deputation or dele- 
gated authority, o. Acting in subordination. — Secotida- 
inj rock<, those later formed and containing petrifiictions. 

BEC'OND-A-R Y, n. 1. A delegate or deputy ; one who acts 
in subordination to another. F.ncyc. 2. A feather growing 
on the second bone of a fowl's wing. 

SEC'OND-ED, pp. Supported ; aided. 

SEC'OND-ER, n. One that supports what another attempts, 
or what he affirms, or what he moves or proposes. 

SEC'OND-HAND, n. Possession received from the first 
possessor. Johnson. 

SEC'OND-HAND, a. 1. Not original or primary ; received 
from another. Locke. 2 . Not new 3 that has been used 
by another. 

6E*3'OND-LY, ado. In the second place. Bacon. 

SEC'OND-RATE, n. [second and rate.] The second order 
in size, dignity or value. Jlddison. 

SEC'OND-RATE, a. Of the second size, rank, quality or 
value. Dryden. 

SEC OxVD-SIGKT, n. The power of seeing things future or 
distant ; a power claimed by some of the Highlanders in 
Scotland. Jiddison. 

SEC OND-SIGHT-ED, a. Having the power of second- 
sight. 

Sk CRE-CY, n. 1. Properly, a state of separation ; hence, 
concealment from the observation of others, or Horn the 
notice of any persons not concerned 3 privacy 5 a state of 
being hid from view. 2. Solitude 3 retirement ; seclusion 
from the view of others. 3. Forbearance of disclosure or 
discovery. 4. Fidelity to a secret 3 the act or habit of 
keeping secrets. 

SE'CRET, a. [Fr. secret ; It., Sp., Port, secrcto ; L. secre- 
tus.] 1 . ProperZ^, separate 5 hence, hid 3 concealed from 
the notice or knowledge of all persons except the individ- 
ual or individuals concerned. 2. Unseen 3 private 3 se- 
cluded 5 being in retirement. 3. Removed from sight 5 
private 5 unknown. 4. Keeping secrets 3 faithful to se- 
crets intrusted 5 [u 7 ms«aZ.] 5. Private 3 affording priv- 
acy. 6 . Occult ; not seen 3 not apparent. 7. Know’n to 
God only. 8 . Not proper to be seen 3 kept or such as 
^ucht to be kept from observation. 

Se'ORET, n. ph-. 5 1j. sccrctum.] 1. Something studiously 
concealed. 2. A thing not discovered and therefore un- 
known. — 3. Secrets, plu., the parts which modesty and 


propriety require to be concealed. — In secret, in a prlvaf«^ 
place 3 in privacy or secrecy. 

t Se'ORET, V. t. To keep private. Bacon. 

SEGTIE-TA-RI-SHIP, n. The office of a secretary. 

SEG'RE-TA-RY, n. [Fr. secretaire’, Sp., Jt., secrefcrio.J 
1. A person employed by a public body, Ly a company or 
by an individual, to write orders, letters, dispatches, pub- 
lic or private papers, records and the like. 2. An officer 
whose business is to superintend and manage the afiairs 
of a jmrticular department of government. 

SE-UReTE', V. t. 1. To hide ; to conceal 5 to remove from 
observation or the knowledge of others. 2. To secrete 
one’s self 3 to retire from notice into a private place 3 ta 
abscond. — 3. In the animal economy, to secern 3 to po- 
duce from the blood substances difi'erent from the blood 
itself,_or from any of its constituents 3 as the glands. 

SE-€ReT'ED, pp. Concealed 5 secerned. 

SE-€ReT'ING, ppr. Hiding 3 secerning. 

SE-€Re'T10N, n. 1. 'i he act of secerning 3 the act of pro- 
ducing from tlie blood substances different from the blood, 
itself, or from any of its constituents, as bile, saliva, mu- 
cus, urine, 6lc. 2. The matter secreted, as mucus, per- 
spirable matter, &.c. 

t SE'CRET-lfe'i', ft. A dealer in secrets. Borle. 

BE-CRe-'J 1 'I'lOUS, a. Farted by animal secretion. 

Se'€RET-L\ , ado. 1. Privately 3 privily 3 not openly 
without the knowledge of others. 2 . Inwardly 3 not ai>- 
parently or visibly 3 latently. 

Se'CRET-NESB, V. J. The state of being hid or concealed. 

The quality of keeping a secret. Jjonne. 

Se'GRE-1’0-RY, a. Performing the office of secretion. 

SECT, n. [Fr. secte ; It. setta ,• L., Sp. secta.] 1 . A body 
or number of persons united in tenets, chiefly in philoso- 
phy or religion, but constituting a distinct party by hold- 
ing sentiments different from those of other men. 2. A 
cutting or cion 3 [oZ>s.] 

SEC-'I'A'RI-AN, a. [L. sectarius.] Pertaining to a sect. 

SEC-Ta'RI-AN, n. One of a sect 5 one of a party in religion 
which lias separated itself from the established church, or 
t\ Jiich holds tenets different from those of the prevailing 
denomination in a kingdom or state. 

SEC-Ta'RI-AN-ISM, n. The disposition to dissent from 
the established church or predominant religion, and to 
form new sects. 

SECT'A-RISM, n. Sectarianism. [Little vsed.l 

SECT'A-RIST, ??. A sectary. [A'ot muck used. J JTarion. 

SE€T'A-RY, n. [Fr. sectaire.] 1. A person who separates 
from an established cJmrch, or from the prevailing de- 
nomination of Christians 5 one that belongs to a sect 3 a 
dissenter. 2. A follower 3 a pupil 3 [ 0 /;*’.] 

f SEC-Ta'TOR, n. [Fr. sectateur.] A follower 3 a disciple 3 
an adherent to a sect. Raleigh. 

SEC'I’qLE, a. [L. sectilis.] A scctile mineral is one that is 
midway between the brittle and the malleable. 

SEC'TIOxN, ??. [Fr. 3 L. sectio.] 1. 1 he act of cutting or of 
separating by cutting. 2. A part separated from the rest; 
a division. — 3. In books and uritings, a distinct part or 
portion 3 the subdivision of a chapter 3 the division of a 
law or other writing or instrument. 4. A distinct part of 
a city, town, country or people. — 5. In geometry, a side 
or surface of a body or figure cut off by another 3 or the 
place where lines, planes, &.c. cut each other. 

SEC'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to a section or distinct part 
of a larger body or territory. 

SECT'OR, n. [Fr. seetcur.] 1. In geometry, a part of a 
circle comprehended between two radii and the arch 3 or 
a mixed triangle, formed by two radii and the aichof a 
circle. 2. A mathematical instrument so marked with 
lines of sines, tangents, secants, chords, <kc. as to fit all 
radii and scales, and useful in finding the proportion be- 
tween quantities of the same kind. 

SEG'U-LAR, a. [Fr. secrr/fliVc ; It.secolare; Fp. secular ; 
L. secularis.] 1. Pertaining to this present world, or to 
things not spiritual or holy ; relating to things not imme- 
diately or primarily respecting the soul, but the body 3 
worldh^ — 2. Among catholics, not regular 3 not bound by 
monastic vows or rules 3 not confined to a monastery, or 
subject to the rules of a religious community. 3. Coming 
once in a century. 

SEG'U-LAR, V. A church officer or officiate whose func- 
tions are confined to the vocal department of the choir. 

SEC-U-LAR'I-TY, n. Worldliness 3 supreme attention to 
the things of the present life. Buchanan. 

SE€-U-LAR-I-Za'TION, n. The act of converting a regu- 
lar person, place or benefice into a secular one. 

SEC'U-LAR-lZE, v.t. [Fr. seculariscr.] 1 . To make sec- 
ular 3 to convert from spiritual appropriation to secular or 
common use ; or to convert that which is regular or mo- 
nastic into secular. 2. To make worldly. 

SE€'U-LAR-IZED, pp. Converted from regular to secular. 

SEC'U-LAR-IZ-ING, ppr. Converting from regular or mo- 
nastic to secular. 

SEC'U-LAR-LY, adv. In a vvorldly manner. 

SEC'U-LAR-NESS, n. A secular disposition 3 worldliness. 


Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE 3 BI;LL, UNITE.— C as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


SED 


736 SEE 


tSEC^UN-DTNE, n. [Fr. secondinesJ] Secundines, in the 
plural^ as generally used, are the several coats or mem- 
branes in which the fetus is wrapped in the womb j the 
after-birth. 

SE-€uKE', a. secures \t. sicui’o Sp. 1. Free 

from danger of being taken by an enemy ; that may resist 
assault or attack. 2. Free from danger j safe 3 applied to 
persons. .3. Free from fear or apprehension of danger j 
not alarmed; not disturbed by fear; confident of safety; 
hence, careless of the means of defense. 4. Confident ; 
not distrustful. 5. Careless ; wanting caution. 6 . Cer- 
tain ; very confident. 

SE-CORE', V. t. 1. To guard effectually from danger ; to 
make safe. 2. To make certain ; to put beyond hazard. 
3. To inclose or confine effectually ; to guard efiectually 
from escape ; sometimes, to seize and confine. 4. To 
make certain of payment. 5. To make certain of receiv- 
ing a precarious debt by giving bond, bail, surety or oth- 
erwise. (3. To insure, as property. 7. To make fast. 

SE-Cull'ED, (se-kurd') pp. Effectually guarded or protect- 
ed ; made certain ; put beyond hazard ; effectually con- 
fined ; made fast. 

SE-CuRE'LY, adv. 1. Without danger ; safely. 2. With- 
out fear or apprehension ; carelessly , in an unguarded 
state ; in confidence of safety. 

t SE-€uRE'MENT, n. Security ; protection. Brown. 

SE-CuRE'NESS, n. Confidence of safety ; exemption from 
fear ; hence, want of vigilance or caution. 

SE-CuR'ER, rt. He or that which secures or protects. 

SE-CO'RI-FORM, a. [L. sccuris, and form.] In botany^ 
having the form of an axe or hatchet. Lee. 

SE-CU'Rf-TY, 71. [Fr. securite ; L. seenritas.] 1. Protec- 
tion ; effectual defense or safety from danger of any kind. 
2. That which protects or guards from danger. 3. Free- 
dom from fear or apprehension ; confidence of safety ; 
whence, negligence in providing means of defense. 4. 
Safety ; certainty. 5. Any thing given or deposited to 
secure the payment of a debt, or l;he performance of a 
contract. 6 . Something given or done to secure peace or 
good behavior. 

SE-DAN', n. [Fr.] A portable chair or covered vehicle for 
carrying a single person. Dryden. 

SE-DaTE', a. [L. sedatus.] Settled ; composed ; calm ; 
quiet : tranquil ; still ; serene ; unruffled by passion ; un- 
disturbed. 

SE-JDa3’E'LY, adv. Calmly ; without agitation of mind. 

SE-DaTE'NESS, n. Calmness of mind, manner or counte- 
nance ; freedom from agitation ; a settled state ; compo- 
sure ; serenity ; tranquillity. 

fSE-DAffl’lON, n. The act of calming. Coles. 

SED'A-TiVE, a. [Fr. sedatif.] In medicine^ moderating 
muscular action or animal energy. Coxe. 

SED^A-Ti VE, 77 . A medicine that moderates muscular ac- 
tion or animal energy. Coze. 

SED'EN-TA-RI-LY, adv. In a sendentary manner. 

SED'EN-TA-RI-NESS, n. The state of being sedentary. 

SED'EN-TA-RY, a. [Fr. sedentaire ; It., Sp. sedentario ; L. 
sedentarius.] 1. Accustomed to sit much, or to pass most 
of the time in a sitting posture. 2. Requiring much sit- 
ting. 3. Passed for the most part in sitting. 4. Inac- 
tive ; motionless ; sluggish. 

SEDgE, 77 . [Sax. seeg.] 1. A narrow flag, or growth of 
such flags ; called, in the north of England, seg, or sag. 
Barret . — 2. In Mew England, a species of very coarse 
grass growing in swamps. 

SEDGED, a. Composed of flags or sedge. Shak. 

SEDO'Y, a. Overgrown with sedge. Shak. 

SEDT-MENT, 71. [Fr. ; L. sedimentum.] The matter which 
subsides to the bottom of liquor ; settlings ; lees ; dregs. 

SE-DP 3’ION, 71. [Fr. ; L. seditio.] A factious commotion 
of the people, or a tumultuous assembly of men rising in 
opposition to law or the administration of justice, and in 
disturbance of the public peace. Sedition is a rising or 
commotion of less extent than an insurrection, and both 
are less than rebellion ; but some kinds of sedition, in 
Great Britain, amount to high treason. In general, sedi- 
tion is a local or limited insurrection in opposition to civil 
authority, as mutiny is to military. 

SE-DI"3’lOX- A-RY, n. An inciter or promoter of sedition. 

SE-DP'TIOIJS, a. [Fr. seditieux ; L. seditiosus.] 1. Per- 
taining to sedition ; partaking of the nature of sedition. 
2. Tending to excite sedition ; as seditious words. 3. Dis- 
posed to excite violent or irregular opposition to law or 
lawful authority ; turbulent ; factious, or guilty of sedi- 
tion. 

SE-Dl'^TIf 7US-LY, adv. With tumultuous opposition to 
law ; in a manner to violate the public peace. 

fe*F.-I)I"TI 3US-NESS, 77. The disposition to excite popular 
commo ,ion in opposition to law ; or the act of exciting 
such commotion. 

SE-DuCE',7;. L [L. seduco ; Fr. seduirc ; It. sedurre ; Sp. 
sedneir.] 1. To draw aside or entice from the path of rec- 
titude and duty in any manner, by flattery, promises, 
bribes or otherwise ; to tempt and lead to iniquity ; to 


corrupt; to deprave. 2. To entice to a surrender of 
chastity. 

SE-DU'CED, (se-dusV) pp. Drawn or enticed from virtue; 
corrupted ; depraved. 

6E-DuOE'MEi\T, 77. I. The act of seducing; seduction. 

2. The means employed to seduce ; the arts of flattery, 
falsehood and deception. Pope. 

SE-Du'CER, 77. I. One that seduces ; one that entices an- 
other to depart from the path of rectitude and duty ; one 
that persuades a female to surrender her chastity. 2. That 
which leads astray ; that which entices to evil. 

SE-Du'CI-BLE, a. Capable of being drawn aside from the 
path of rectitude ; corruptible. Brown. 

SE-DO'CING, ppr. Enticing from the path of virtue or 
chastity. 

SE-DUC'TION, 77. [Fr. ; L. seductio.] 1. The act of sedu- 
cing, or of enticing from the path of duty. 2. Appropri- 
ately, the act or crime of persuading a female, by flattery 
or deception, to surrender her chastity. 

SE-DU€'T1VE, a. Tending to lead astray ; apt to mislead 
by flattering appearances. Stephens. 

SE-DU'LI-TY, 77. \\j. sedulitas ^ ii. sedulitd.] Diligent and 
assiduous application to business ; constant attention ; 
unremitting industry in any pursuit. It denotes constancy 
and perseverance rather than intenseness of application. 

SED'U-LOUS, a. [L. scdulns.] Assiduous ; diligent in ap- 
plication or pursuit ; constant, steady and persevering 
in business or in endeavors to efiect an object ; steadily 
industrious. 

SED' U-LOUS-LY, <7^77. Assiduously; industriously; dili- 
gently ; with constant or continued application. 

SED'U-LOUS-NESS, 77. Assiduity; assiduousness; steady 
diligence ; continued industry or effort. 

SEE, 77. [Fr. siege ; Scot, 1. The seat of episcopal 

power ; a diocese ; the jurisdiction of a bishop. 2. The 
seat of an archbishop; a province or jurisdiction of an 
archbishop. 3. The seat, place or office of the pope or 
Roman pontiff. 4. The authority of the pope or court of 
Rome. 

SEE,^’. t. pret. sa70 ; pp. seen. [Sax. seon, seogan, geseun ; 
G.sehcn', D. zien Dan. seer; Sw. se.] I. To perceive 
by the eye ; to have knowledge of the existence and ap- 
parent qualities of objects by the organs of sight ; to be- 
hold. 2. To observe ; to note or notice ; to know ; to 
regard or look to ; to take care. 3. To discover ; to de- 
scry ; to understand. 4. To converse or have intercourse 
with. 5. To visit. 6. To attend ; to remark or notice. 
7. To behold with patience or sufferance ; to endure. — 8. 
In Scripture, to hear or attend to. 9. To feel ; to suffer; 
to experience. 10. To know ; to learn. 11. I'o perceive ; 
to understand ; to comprehend. 12. To perceive; to un- 
derstand experimentally. 13. To beware. 14. To know 
by revelation. 15. To have faith in and reliance on. 1C. 
To enjoy ; to have fruition of. 

SEE, V. i. 1. To have the power of perceiving by the prop- 
er organs, or the power of sight. 2. To discern ; to have 
intellectual sight ; to penetrate ; to understand. 3. 3’’o 
examine or inquire. 4. To be attentive. 5. To have 
full understanding. — See to it, look well to it ; attend ; 
consider ; take care. — Let me see, let us see, are used to 
express consideration, or to introduce the particular con- 
sideration of a subject. 

SEED, 77. [Sax. swd ; G. saat ; D. zaad ; Dan. seed.] 1. The 
substance, animal or vegetable, which nature prepares for 
the reproduction and conservation of the species. 2. That 
from which anything springs; first principle; original. 

3. Principle of production. 4. Progeny ; ofepring; chil- 
dren ; descendants. 5. Race ; generation ; birth. 

SEED, V. i. 1. To grow to maturity, so as to i)roduce seed. 
Swift. 2. To shed the seed. Mortimer. 

SEED, V. t. To sow ; to sprinkle with seed, which germi- 
nates and takes root. Belknap. 

SEED'-BUD, 77. [seed and biid.] The germ, germen or 
rudiment of the fruit in embryo. 

SEED'-€AKE, n. [seed and cake.] A sweet cake contain- 
ing aroinatic seeds. Txtsser. 

SEED'-€oAT, 77. In botany, the outer coat of a seed. 

SEED'-LeAF, 77. In botany, the primary leaf. 

SEED'ED, a. Bearing seed ; covered thick with seeds. 
Fletcher. Interspersed as with seeds. B. Johnson. 

SEED'ER, 77. [Sax. swdere.] One who sows. 

SEED'LING, 77. A young plant or root just sprung from the 
seed. Evelyn. 

SEED'-LIP, ) 77. A vessel in which a sower carries the 

SEED'-LOP, I seed to be dispersed. England. 

SEED'LOBE, 77. The lobe of a seed ; a cotyledon. 

f SEED'NESS, 77. Seed time. 

SEED'-PEARL, n. Small grains of pearl. Bcijle. 

SEED'-PLAT, ) n. I. The ground on which seeds are 

SEED'-PLOT, \ sown to produce plants for transplanting. 
2. A nursery. 

SEEDS'MAN, n. [.seed and 777077.] A person who deals in 
seeds ; also, a sower. Diet. 

SEED'-TIME, 77. The season proper for sowing. 


PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, V, Y, long.—F^U, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY 


SEL 


SEG 737 


SEED/VES-SEL, n. In botany^ the pericarp which contains 
the seeds. 

SEED'Y, a. [from seed.] 1 . Abounding with seeds. 2 . 
Having a peculiar flavor, supposed to be derived from the 
weeds growing among the vines. 

SEE'lx\G,pj^r. [from see.] Perceiving by the eye 3 knowing 3 
understanding 3 observing 3 beholding. 

[JVut6. It is sometimes classed among adverbs, but is prop- 
erly a participle, and is used indefinitely, or without direct 
reference to a person or persons, as, “ Wherefore come ye 
to me, seeing ye hate me Gen. xxvi. 3 that is, since, or 
the fact being that or thus 3 because that.] 

SEE'ING, n. Sight 3 vision. Sfiak. 

SEEK, rj. t. pret. and pp. suMw’Aij pronounced sawt. [Sax. 
secan, scecan, gesecan ; G. suchen ; 1 ). zoeken.] 1 . To go 
in search or quest of 3 to look for 3 to searcli for by going 
from place to place. 2 . To inquire for 3 to ask for 3 to so- 
licit 3 to endeavor to find or gain by any means. 3 . Seek 
is followed sometimes by out or after. 

SEEK, v.i. 1 . To make search or inquiry 3 to endeavor 
to make discovery. 2 . To endeavor. — To seek after, to 
make pursuit 3 to attempt to find or take. — To seek for, to 
endeavor to find. KnoUcs. — To seek to, to apply to 3 to 
resort to. 1 Kings x. 

SEEK^ER, 71 . 1 . One that seeks 3 an inquirer. 2 . One of a 
sect that professes no determinate religion. Johnson. 
SEEK^-SOR-ROW, n. [seek and sorrow.] One that con- 
trives to give himself vexation. [Little used.] Sidney. 

SEEL, V. t. [Fr. sceller.] To close the eyes 3 a term of 
falconry, from the practice of closing the eye^ of a wild 
hawk. 

t SEEL, V. i. [Sax. sylan.] To lean 3 to incline to one side. 
fSEEL, \n. The rolling or agitation of a ship in a 
fSEEL'ING, ) storm. Ainsworth. 
f SEEL, 71 . [Sax. s«h] Time 3 opportunity 3 season, 
f SEEL'l-LY, adv. In a silly manner. 

fSEEL'Y, a. 1 . Lucky 3 fortunate. Spenser. 2 . Silly 3 fool- 
ish 3 simple 3 [see Silly.] Tusser. 

SEEM, V. i. [G. zienien, geziemen ; D. zweemen.] 1 . To 
appear 3 to make or have a show or semblance. 2 . To have 
the appearance of truth or fact 3 to be understood as true. 

f SEEM, V. t. To become 3 to befit. Spenser. 

SEEM'ER, 71 . One that carries an appearance or semblance^. 
SEEM'ING, ppr. 1 . Appearing 3 having the appearance or 
semblance, whether real or not. 2 . a. Specious. 
SEEMflNG, 71 . 1 . Appearance 3 show 3 semblance. 2 . 
Fair appearance. 3 . Opinion or liking 3 favorable opin- 
ion 3 [(7Z>S.] 

SEEMING-LY, adv. In appearance 3 in show 3 in sem- 
blance. Addison. 

SEEM'iNG-NESS, 71. Fair appearance 3 plausibility, 
t SEEM'LESS, a. Unseemly 3 unfit 3 indecorous. 
SEEISFLI-NESS, 71. Comeliness 3 grace 3 fitness 3 propriety 3 
decency 3 decorum. Camden. 

SEEM'LY, a. [G. ziemlich j Ban. somuielig.] Becoming 3 
fit 3 suited to the object, occasion, purpose or character 3 
suitable. 

SEEM'LY, adv. In a decent or suitable manner, 
f SEEM'LY-IIED, n. Comely or decent appearance. 

SEEN, pp. of see. 1 . Beheld 3 observed 3 understood. 2 . a. 
Versed 3 skilled 3 [oZ>5.] 

SEER, 77. [from see.] 1 . One who sees. 2 . A prophet 3 a 
person who foresees future events. 1 Sam. ix. 
SEER'WOOD. See Sear, and Sear-wood, dry wood. 
SEE'-SAVV*, 71 . A vibratory or reciprocating motion. 
SEE'-SAW, V. i. To move with a reciprocating motion 3 to 
move backward and forward, or upward and downward. 
SEETHE, V. t. i pret. seethed, sod ; pp. seethed, sodden. [Sax. 
seathan, seothan, sijthan ; D. licden ; G. sieden.] To boil 3 
to decoct or prepare for food in hot liquor. 

SEETHE, V. i. To be in a state of ebullition 3 to be hot. 
SEETHED, pp. Boiled 3 decocted. 

SEETH'ER, 71 . A boiler 3 a pot for boiling things. 
SEETH'ING, ppr. Boiling 3 decocting, 
t SEG, 77. Sedge. 

SEG, 77. A castrated bull. Jforth of Engla 7 id. 

SEG'HOL, 77. A Hebrew vowel-point, or short vowel, 
thus indicating the sound of the English e in 7 iie 7 i. 
JM. Stuart. 

SEGTIO-LATE, a. Marked witli a segliol. 

SEG'MENT, 77. [Fr. 3 L. scgmentU 7 n.] 1 . In geotnetry, that 
part of the circle contained between a chord and an arch 
of that circle, or so mucli of the circle as is cut off by the 
chord. — 2 . In general, a part cut oft’ or divided 3 as the 
segments of a calyx. 

t SEG'NI-TUDE, 1 77. [L. sc^tu’s.] Sluggishness 3 inactiv- 
t SEG'NI-TY, \ ity. 

SEG'RE-GATE, v. t. [*L. segrego.] To separate from oth- 
ers 3 to set apart. Sherwood. 

SEG'RE-G ATE, a. Select. [Little zised.] JVotton. 
SEG'RE-GA-TED, pp. Separated 3 parted from others. 
SEG'RE-GA-TING, ppr. Separating. 

SEG-RE-Ga'TION, n. [Fr.] Separation from others 3 a 
parting. Shak. 


SEIGN-Eu'RI-AL, (seen-yu're-al) a. [Fr.] 1 . Pertaining to 
the lord of a manor 3 manorial. 2 . Vested with large 
powers 3 independent. 

SkIGNTOR, (seen'yur) 71. [Fr. seig7ieur ; It. signore; Sp. 
seTior ; Foit. senhor ; from L. se7iio7’.] A lord 5 the lord 
of a manor 3 but used also in the south of Europe as a 
_title of honor. 

SeIGN'IOR-AGE, (seen'yur-aje) 77. A royal right or perog- 
ative of the king of England, by which he claims an 
allowance of gold and silver brought in the mass to be 
exchanged for coin. 

SEIGN-Io'RI-AL, (seen-yo're-al). The same as seifrneurial. 

SeIGNTOR-iZE, (seen'yiir-ize) 7?. t. To lord it over. [L. u ] 

SeIGN'IO-RY, (seen'yo-ry) 77. [Fr. se7V/7e77/*7C,] '.A lord- 

ship 3 a manor. 2 . The power or authority of a lord 3 
jclominion. 

SeL\,77. [Sax.seg 7 ie; Fr. seine; Arm. seig7ie.] A large 
2iet for catching fish. 

SeIN'ER, 77. A fisher with a sein or net. [Little 7tsed.] 

Se'I-TY, 77. [L. se, one’s self.] Something peculiar to a 
man’s self. [JVbf 70 cll authorized.] Tatler. 

SeIZ'A-BLE, a. That may be seized 3 liable to be taken. 

Seize, v. t. [Fr. saisir ; Arm. sesiza, or a-cst/ti.] 1. To fall 
or rush upon suddenly and lay hold on 3 or to gripe or 
grasp suddenly. 2 . To take possession by force, with 
or without right. . 3 . To invade suddenly 3 to take hold 
of 3 to come upon suddenly. 4 . To take possession by 
virtue of a warrant or legal authority. 5. To fasten 3 to 
fix. — In sca 77 ie/Js language, to fasten two ropes or diflerent 
parts of one rope together with a cord. — To be seized of, 
to have possession. Spenser . — To seize on or upo7i, is to fall 
on and grasp 3 to take hold on. 

Seized, pp. suddenly caught or grasped 3 taken by force 3 
invaded suddenly 3 taken possession of 3 fastened with a 
^ord 3 having possession. 

SeIZ'ER, 71 . One that seizes. 

SeIZ'IN, 77. [Fr. sa 7 S 777 c.] 1 . In Za?c, possession. Seizin is 

of two sorts, seizin \n deed, ox fact, and seizin in law. 
Seizin in fact or deed is actual or corporal possession 3 
seizin in la 7 c is when something is done which the law 
accounts possession or seizin, as enrollment, or when lands 
descend to an heir, but he has not yet entered on them. 

2 . The act of taking possession 3 [not used except in Zazo.] 

3 . The thing possessed 3 possession. 

SeIZTNG, ppr. Falling on and grasping suddenly 3 laying 
Jiold on suddenly 3 fastening. 

SeIZ'ING, 77. 1 . Tlie act of taking or grasping suddenly. 
— 2 . In sea 7 ne/i’s language, the operation of fastening to- 
gether ropes with a cord. 

SeI'ZOR, 77. One who seizes. Wheat 07 t. 

SeIZ'URE, 77. 1 . The act of seizing 3 the act of laying 
hold on suddenly. 2 . The act of taking possession by 
force. 3 . The act of taking by warrant. 4 . The thing 
taken or seized. 5 . Gripe 3 grasp 3 possession. G. Catch 3 
^ catching. 

Se'JANT, a. In heraldry, sitting, like a cat with the fore 
feet straight 3 applied to a lion or other beast. 

SE-JOIN', V. t. To separate. Whately. A Scottish ic or d. 

SE-Ju'GOUS, a. [I,, sejugis.] In botany, a sejugous leaf is 
a pinnate leaf liaving six pairs of leaflets. 

SE-JUNC'TION, 77 [L. sejunctio.] The act of disjoining 5 
a disuniting 3 separation. [Little used.] Pearso 7 i. 

SE-JUNG'I-BLE, a. That may be disjoined. [Little 

j SEKE, for sick. See Sick. Chazicer. 

jSEL'GoUTII, a. [Sax. sel, sold, and couth.] Rarely 
known 3 unusual 3 uncommon. Spenser. 

SEL DOM, adv. [Sax. selden, seldon ; D. zeldeti ; G. selten.] 
Rarely 3 not often 3 not frequently. 

SEL'DOM, a. Rare 3 unfrequent. [Little used.] Milton. 

SEL'DOM-NESS, n. Rareness 3 uncommonness 3 infrequen- 
cy. Hooker. 

]■ SELD'SHoWN, a. Rarely shown or exhibited. 

SE-LECT', V. t. [L. selectas.] To choose and take from 
a number 3 to take by preference from among others 3 to 
pick out 3 to cull. 

SE-LEGT', a. Nicely chosen 3 taken from a number by 
preference 3 choice 3 whence, preferable 3 more valuable 
or excellent than others. 

SE-LECT'ED, pp. Chosen and taken by preference from 
among a number 3 picked 3 culled. 

SE-LECT'ED-LY, adv. With care in selection. 

SE-LECT'ING, ppr. Choosing and taking from a number 3 
picking out 3 culling. 

SE-LEC'TION, 77. [L. sole Clio.] 1 . The act of choosing 
and taking from among a number 3 a taking from a num- 
ber by preference. 2 . A number of things selected or 
taken from others by preference. 

SE-LECT'IVE, 77. Selecting 3 tending to select. [UzztzsmtiZ.] 

SE-LEGT'MAN, 77. [select and 7777777.] In J\Tew England, a 
town officer chosen annually to manage the concerns of 
the town, provide for the poor, &c. 

SE-LE€T'NESS, 77. The state of being select or well 
chosen. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE 3— BULL, UNITE.— € as K 5 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 

'47 


SEL 


SEL 738 


SE-LECT^OR, n, [L.] One that selects or chooses from 
among a number. 

SE-Le'NI-ATE, 71. A compound of selenicacid with a base. 

SE-LEN'IC, a. Pertaining to selenium, or extracted from it. 

SEL'EN-lTE, 71. [Gr. (jeXrjvLTtjs-l Foliated or crystalized 
sulphate of lime. 

SEL-E-NIT'I€, } a. Pertaining to selenite ; resembling 

SEL-E-NIT'I-CAL, | it, or partaking of its nature aud 
properties. 

SE-Le'NI-UM, n. A new elementary body or substance, 
extracted from the pyrites of Fahlun in Sweden. 

SEL-E-Nlu'RET, or SEL-E-NU'RET, n, A mineral, of a 
shining lead-gray color. 

IeL J^NoJllAPH'lcAL, i Belonging to selenography. 

SEL-E-NOG'RA-PHY, n. JGr. at\r]vr) and A de- 

scription of the moon anci its phenomena. 

SELF, a. or pron. ; pin. Selves ; used chiefly in composi- 
tion. [Sax. self.) sylf ; Goth, silba : Sw. sielf; Dan. selv ; 
G. selbst ; D. zcZ/.j 1. In old authors, this word some- 
times signifies particular, very, or same. — 2. In present 
usage, self >s united to certain personal pronouns and pro- 
nominal aujectives, to express emphasis or distinction ; 
also when the pronoun is used reciprocally ; as, / myself. 
3. Self is sometimes used as a noun, noting the indi- 
vidual subject to his own contemplation or action, or not- 
ing identity of person. Consciousness makes every one 
to be what he calls self. 4. It also signifies personal in- 
terest, or love of private interest; selfishness. — Self is 
much used in composition. 

SELF-A-BaS'ED, (self-a-basP) a. \^self and abase.'] Hum- 
bled by conscious guilt or shame. 

SELF- A-BaSE'M ENT, n. Humiliation or abasement pro- 
ceeding from consciousness of inferiority or guilt. 

SELF-A-BaS'ING, a. Humbling by the consciousness of 
guilt or by shame# 

SELF-A-BOSE', n. [^cZ/ and o&use.] The abuse of one’s 
own person or powers. Sliak. 

SELF-AC-GuS'lNG, a. Accusing one’s self. 

SELF-AG-TIV'I-TY, n. Self-motion, or the power of mov- 
ing one’s self without foreign aid. Bentley. 

SELF-AD-MI-Ra'TION, n. Admiration of one’s self. 

SELF-AD-MTR'ING, a. Admiring one’s self. Scott. 

SE LF-AF-F AIRS', 7t. jjZit. [sc// and affair.] One’s own pri- 
vate business. Shah. 

SELF-AF-FRTGHT'ED, a. Frightened at one’s self. 

SELF-AP-PLAUSE', n. Applause of one’s self. 

SELF-AP-PR5V'ING, a. That approves of one’s own con- 
duct. Pope. 

SELF-AS-SuM'ED, (self-as-sumd') a. Assumed by one’s 
own act or without authority. Mitford. 

SELF-BAN'ISHED, a. Exiled voluntarily. 

SELF-BE-GOT'TEN, a. Begotten by one’s own powers. 

SELF'-BORN, a. Born or produced bv one’s self. 

SELF-CEN'TRED, a. Centred in itself. 

SELF-CHAR'I-TY, n. Love of one’s self. 

SELF-GOM-Mu'NI-CA-Tl VE, a. [se/fand comnmnicative.] 
Imparted or communicated by its own powers. JVorris. 

SELF-CON-CeIT', 71. [self and conceit.] A high opinion of 
one’s self ; vanity. 

SELF-CON-CeIT'ED, a. Vain ; having a high or over- 
weening opinion of one’s own person or merits. 

SELF-CON-CeIT'ED-NESS, n. Vanity ; an overweening 
opinion of one’s own person or accomplishments. 

SELF-CON'FI-DENCE, n. Confidence in one’s own judg- 
ment or ability ; reliance on one’s own opinion or powers. 

SELF-CON'FI-DENT, a. Confident of one’s own strength 
or powers ; relying on one’s own judgment. 

SELF-GON-FTD'ING, a. Confiding in one’s ovVn judgment 
or powers, without the aid of others. Pope. 

SELF-GON'SCIOUS, a. Conscious in one’s self. 

SELF-CON'SCIOUS-jVESS, 71. Consciousness within one’s 

TjOoJiS 

SELF-GON-SID'ER-TNG, a. [self and consider.] Consider- 
ing in one’s own mind ; deliberating. Pope. 

SELF-GOX-SuM’ING, a. That consumes itself. 

SELF-GOX-TRA-DIG'TIOX, n. The act of contradicting 
itself; repugnancy in terms. 

SELF-GOX-TRA-DIGT'O-RY, a. Contradicting itself. 

SELF-GON-VIGT'ED, a. [6-e//and convict.] Convicted by 
one’s own consciousness, knowledge or avowal. 

SELF-GON-VIG'TION, n. Conviction proceeding from 
one’s own consciousness, knowledge or confession. 

SELF-GRE-aT'ED, a. Created by one’s self ; not formed 
or constituted by another. Mdner. 

SELF-DE-CeIT', n. Deception respecting one’s self, or that 
originates from one’s own mistake ; self-deception. 

SEIiF-DE-CElV'EI), (self-de-seevd') a. Deceived or misled 
respecting one’s self by one’s own mistake or error. 

SELF-DE-CeIV'ING, a. Deceiving one’s self. 

SELF-DE-CEP'TION, n. Deception concerning one’s self, 
proceeding from one’s own mistake. 

SELF-DE-FENSE', (self-de-fens') n. The act of defending 
one’s own person, property or reputation. 


SELF-DE-Lfj'SION, n. [self and delusion.] The delusion 
of one’s self, or respecting one’s self. South. 

SELF-DE-Ni'AL, n. The denial of one’s self ; the forbear- 
ing to gratify one’s own appetites or desires. 

SELF-DE-Ny'ING, a. Denying one’s self; a forbearing to 
indulge one’s own appetites or desires. 

SELF-DE-PEND'ENT, I a. Depending on one’s self. 

SELF-DE-PEND'ING, \ Scott. 

SELF-DE-STRUG'TION, n. [self and destruction.] The 
destruction of one’s self ; voluntary destruction. 

SELF-DE-STRUG'TIVE, a. Tending to the destruction of 
self** 

SELF-DE-TERM-1-Na'TION, 71. Determination by one’s 
own mind ; or determination by its own powers, without 
extraneous impulse or influence. 

SELF-DE-TERM'IN-ING, a. Determining by or of itself; 
determining or deciding without extraneous power or in- 
fluence. 

SELF-DE-V6T'ED, a. [seZ/and devote.] Devoted in per- 
son, or voluntarily devoted in person. 

SELF-DE-VoTE'MENT, 71. The devoting of one’s person 
and services voluntarily to any difficult or hazardous em- 
ployment. 

SELF-DE-VOUR'ING, a. Devouring one’s self or itself. 

SELF-DIF-FU'SlVE, a. [^eZ/and diffusive.] Having pow- 
er to diffuse itself ; that diffuses itself. ATorris. 

SELF-EN-JOY'MENT, n. [self and enjoyment.] Internal 
satisfaction or pleasure. 

SELF-E-STEEM', v. [self and esteem.] The esteem or 
good opinion of one’s self. Milton. 

SELF-ES-TI-Ma'TION, 71. The esteem or good opinion of 
one’s self. Milner. 

SELF-EV't-DENCE, n. Evidence or certainty resulting 
from a proposition without proof; evidence that ideas of- 
fer to the mind upon bare statement. 

SELF-EV'I-DEN']', a. Evident without proof or reasoning ; 
that produces certainty or clear conviction upon a bare 
presentation to the mind. 

SELF-EV'I-DENT-LY, adv. By means of self-evidence. 

SELF-EX-AL-Ta'TION, n. The exaltation of one’s self. 

SELF-EX-ALTTNG, o. Exalting one’s self. 

SELF-EX-AM-IN-A'TION, n. An examination or scrutiny 
into one’s own state, conduct and motives, particularly in 
regard to religious affections and duties. 

SELF-EX-GuS'ING, a. Excusing one’s self. Scott. 

SELF-EX-IST'ENCE, n. Inherent existence ; the existence 
possessed by virtue of a being’s own nature, and inde- 
pendent of any other being or cause ; an attribute peculiar 
to God. 

SELF-EX-IST'ENT, a. Existing by its own nature or es- 
sence, independent of any other cause. 

SELF-FLAT'TER-ING, a. Flattering one’s self. 

SELF-FLAT'TER-Y, n. Flattery of one’s self. 

SELF-GLo'RI-OUS, a. [^eZ/ and ^ZorZous.] Springing from 
vain glory or vanity ; vain; boastful. Dryden. 

SELF-HXRM'ING, a. [seZ/and harm.] Injuring or hurting 
one’s self or itselL Sharp. 

SELF'-HEAL, 7j. [^eZ/ and ZreaZ.] A plant. 

SEIjF-HExAL'ING, a. Having the power or property of 
healing itself. 

SRLF-HOM'I-CTDE, n. The killing of one’s self. 

SELF-l'DOL-iZED, a. Idolized by one’s self. Cowper. 

SELF-IM-PART'ING , cr. [self and impart.] Imparting by 
its own powers and will. JVorris. 

SELF-IM-POST'URE, n. [self and imposture.] Imposture 
practiced on one’s self. South. 

SELF-IX'TER-EST, n. [self and interest.] Private inter- 
est ; the interest or advantage of one’s self. 

SELF-IN'TER-EST-ED, a. Having self-interest ; particu- 
larly concerned for one’s self. 

SELF-JUS'TI-Fl-ER, n. One who excuses or justifies him- 
self. 

SELF-KIN'DLED, a. [.9cZ/and kindle.] Kindled of itself, 
or without extraneous aid or power. Dryden. 

SELF-KNoW'ING, 0 . [^eZ/and /iTioTc.] Knowing of itself, 
or without communication from another. 

SELF-KNOWL'EDGE, (self-nol'ledje) n. The knowledge 
of one’s own real character, abilities, worth or demerit. 

SELF'-LoVE, 7J. [.9cZ/and love.] The love of one’s own 
person or happiness. Pope. 

SELF-LoV'ING, a. Loving one’s self. Walton. 

SELF'-MET-AL, n. The same metal. 

SELF-Mo TION, 72. Motion given by inherent powers, 
without external impulse ; spontaneous motion. 

SELF-MOV'ED, (self-mbvd') a. [^eZ/and 7?20t'c.] Moved by 
inherent j)ower, without the aid of external impulse. Pope. 

SELF-MOV'ING, a. Moving or exciting to action by inhe- 
rent power, without the impulse of another body or extra- 
neous influence. 

SELF-MUR'DER., n. The murder of one’s self ; suicide. 

SELF-MUR'DER-ER, n. One who voluntarily destroys his 
own life. 

PELF-NEG-LEGT'ING, n. A neglecting of one’s self. 

SELF-O-PIN'ION, 72. One’s own opinion. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, t), Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


SEM 


739 


SEM 


SELP-O-PINTONED, a. Valuing one’s own opinion highly. 

SELF-PAR-TIAL'I-T Y, n. That partiality by which a man 
overrate^ his own worth when compared with others. 

SELF-PLeAS'ING, a. [^self and 2 )lease.^ Pleasing one’s 
self ; gratifying one’s own wishes. Bacon. 

SELF'PRaISE, n. [sc/!/ and prawe.] The praise of one’s 
self ) self-applause. Broome. 

SELF-PREF'ER-E\CE, n. [self and preference.'] The 
preference of one’s self to others. 

SELF-PRES-ER-Va'T10N, n. The preservation of one’s 
self from destruction or injury. Milton. 

SELF-RE-PEL'LEN-CY, 71. [scZ/and repellency.] The in- 
herent power of repulsion in a body. Black. 

SELF-RE-PEL'LING, a. [self and repel.] Repelling by its 
own inherent power. 

SELF-RE-PRO V'ED, (self-re-prbvd') a. [self reprove.] 
Reproved by consciousness or one’s own sense of guilt. 

SELF-RE-PROV'ING, a. Reproving by consciousness. 

SELF-RE-PROV/ING, n. The act of reproving by a con- 
scious sense of guilt. Shak. 

SELF-RE-STRAIN'ED, (self-re-strand') a. Restrained by 
itself, or by one’s own power or will j not controlled by 
external force or authority. 

SELF-RE-STRaIN'ING, a. Restraining or controlling it- 
self. 

SELF'-SAME, a. [self and same.] Numerically the same ; 
the v^ery same ; identical. Scripture. 

SELF'-SEEK-ING, a. [self and seek.] Seeking one’s own 
interest or happiness j selfish. Arbutlinot. 

SELF-SLAUGli'TER, (self-elaw'ter) n. [seZ/ and slaugh- 
ter.] The slaughter of one’s self. Shak. 

SELF-SUB-Du'ED, (self-sub-dud') a. [self and subdue.] 
Subdued by one’s own power or means. Shak. 

SELF-SHB-VERS'IVE, a. Overturning or subverting itself. 
J. P. Smith. 

SELF-SUF-Fi’'CIEN-CY, n. An overweening opinion of 
one’s own st*-ength or worth ; excessive confidence in 
one’s own competence or sufficiency. 

SELF-SUF-Fl"CIENT, a. Having full confidence in one’s 
own strength, abilities or endowments j whence, haughty ; 
overbearing. 

SELF-TOR-MENT'ER, n. One who torments himself. 

SELF-TOR-MENT'ING, a. [seZ/and torment.] Torment- 
ing one’s self ; as, self -tormenting sin. Crashaw. 

SELF-VAL'U-ING, a. Esteeming one’s self. Parnell. 

SELF-WILL', n. One’s own will ; obstinacy. 

SELF-WILL'ED, (self-willd') a. Governed by one’s own 
will ; not yielding to the will or wishes of others ; not ac- 
commodating or compliant ; obstinate. 

SELF-WRONG', 71. [self tind wrong.] Wrong done by a 
person to himself. Shak. 

SELF'ISH, a. Regarding one’s own interest chiefly or sole- 
ly ; influenced in actions by a view to private advantage. 

SELF'ISH-LY, ado. In a selfish manner; with regard to 
private interest only or chiefly. Pope. 

SELF'ISH-xVESS, n. The exclusive regard of a persoti to his 
own interest or happiness; or that supreme self-love or 
self-preference, which leads a person in his actions to di- 
rect his purposes to the advancement of his own interest, 
power or happiness, without regarding the interest of 
others. 

fvSELF'xYESS, 71. Self love; selfishness. Sidney. 

SELL, for self ; and sells, for selves. [Scot.] B. Jonson. 

tSELL, n. [Fr. selle ; L. sella.] A saddle, and a throne. 

SELL, V. t. pret. and pp. sold. [Sax. selan, sellan, sylan, 
or syllan; Sw.salia; Ice. selia ; Dan. sielger.] L To 
transfer property or the exclusive right of possession to 
another for an equivalent in money. It is correlative to 
buy, as one party bu7js what the other sells. It is distin- 
guished from exchange or barter, in which one commodity 
is given for another ; whereas in selling the consideration 
is money, or its representative in current notes. 2. To 
betray ; to deliver or surrender for money or a reward. 
3. To yield or give for a consideration. — 4. In Scripture, 
to give up to be harassed and made slaves. 5. To part 
with ; to renounce or forsake. 

SELTi, V. i. 1. To have commerce ; to practice selling. 2. 
To be sold. 

SEL'LAN-DER, ?i. A dry scab in a horse’s hough. 

FELL'ER, 71 . The person that sells ; a vender. 

SELL'ING, ppr. 1. Transferring the property of a thing An 
a price. 2. Betraying.for money. 

SELV'EDGE, 71. [D. zelf-ka/it.] The edge of cloth, where 
it is closed by complicating the threads ; a woven border, 
or border of close work. 

SELV'EDGED, a. Having a selvedge. 

SELVES, pht. of self. 

■f SEM'BLA-BLE, a. [Fr.] Like; similar; resembling. 

t SE.M'BLA-BLY, adv. In like manner. Shak. 

SEM'BLANCE, ?i. [Fr. ; It. sembianza.] 1. Likeness ; re- 
semblance ; actual similitude. 2. Appearance ; show ; 
figure ; form. Fairfax. 

f SEM'BLANT, 7i. Show; figure ; resemblance. Spenser. 

I SEM'BLANT, a. Like ; resembling. Prior. 


f SEM'BLA-TIVE, a. Resembling ; fit ; suitable. 
[SEM'BLE, V. t. [Fr. se7iibler.] To imitate ; to make sim- 
ilar. 


SEM'I, [L. ; Gr. vpt,] in composition, signifies half. 

SE.M'I-A-CID'I-FiED, a. orpp. Half acidified. See Acidify. 

SEM'I-AM-PLEX'I-GAUL, a. [L. semi, am plexus.] In bot- 
any, embracing the stem half way, as a leaf. 

SEM'I-AN'NU-AL, a. [sc7«i and azmual.] Half yearly. 

SEM'I-AN'N(J-AL-LY, adv. Every half year. 

SEM'I- AN'NU-LAR, a. [L. semi and annulus.] Having the 
figure of a half circle ; that is, half round. 

SEM'I-AP'ER-TURE, 7i. The half of an aperture. 

SEM'I-a'RI-AN, n. In ecclesiastical history, the Semi-Ari- 
ans were a branch of the Arians, who in appearance con- 
demned the errors of Arius, but acquiesced in some of hid 
principles. 

SEM'1-A'RI-Ai\, a. Pertaining to Semi-Arianism. 

SEM'I-A'RI-AN-ISM, n. The tenets of the Semi-Arians. 

SEM'I-BAR-BA'RI-AN, a. [semi and barbai'ian.] Half sav- 
age ; partially civilized. .iMitford. 

SEM'I-BREVE, 7i. [scmi and breve ,* formerly written sem- 
ibref.] In lUTisic, a note of half the duration or time of the 
breve. 


SEM'I-GAL'CiNED, a. [semi and calchie.] Half calcined. 
SEM'I-€AS'TRATE, t. To deprive of one testicle. 
SEM'I-€AS-TRA'TION, 7i. Half castration ; deprivation of 

OTIP Tlymry} 

SEM'I-CiR-€LE, 7i. i. The half of a circle ; the part of a 
circle comprehended between its diameter and half of its 
circumference. 2. Any body in the form of a half circle. 
SEIVI'I-CiR-€LED, or SEM-I-CiR'€U-LAR, c. Having the 
form of a half circle. Addison. 

SE.M'I-Co-LON, 71. [semi and colon.] In grammar cand 
punctuation, the point [ ; ]. 

SEM'I-€0-IitJM'NAR, a. [semi and columziav.] Like a half 
column ; flat on one side and round on the other. 
SEM'l-€OM-PAGT', a. [*'e7/n and compact.] Half compact ; 

imperfectly indurated. Kirwmi. 
SEM'I-€RUS-TA'CEOUS, a. Half crustaceous. 


SEMfl-CY-LIN'DRie, 
SEM'I-CY-L1N'DRI-€AL, 

SEM'I -DE-LS'TI-€AL, a. Half deistical 


a. Half cylindrical. Lee. 


bordering 


on de- 


ism. 


SEM't-DI-AM'E-TER, n. Half the diameter; a right line 
or the length of a right line drawn from the centre of a 
circle or sphere to its circumference or iieriphery ; a radius. 

SEM'I-DI-AP-A'SON, 7/. In music, an imperfect octave, or 
an octave diminished by a lesser semitone. 

SEM'I-1)I-A-PEN'TE, 71. An imperfect fifth; a hemi-dia- 
pente. 

SEM'I-DT-APH-A-IsE'I-TY, n. [See Semidiaphaxous.] 
Half or imperfect transparency. [Little Msca'.] Boyle. 

SEM'I-DI-APH'A-NOUS, a. [^e/tti and diaphanous.] Half 
or imperfectly transparent. lVoodwu7-d. 

SEM'I-DI-A-TES'SA-RON, n. [semi and diatessaron.] In 
7uusic, an imperfect or defective fourth. 

SEM'I -DI-TONl;!, n. [semi, and It. ditono.] In 7rnisic,a. les- 
.ser third, having its terms as (5 to 5 ; a hemi-ditone. 

SEM'I-DoHB'LE, ?i. [semi and double.] In the Romish 
breviary, an office or feast celebrated with less solemnity 
than the double ones, but with more than the single ones. 

SEM'l-FLO-RET, 71. [se?rti and /oreZ.] A half floret. 

SEM-I-FLOS'GU-LOUS, a. [se//n’, and ~L. Jlosculus. Semi- 
fl, oscular is also used, but is less analogical.] Composed of 
semiflorets ; ligulate. 

vSEM'I-FLu'ID, a. [.9£*.>m‘ and jrZm’d.] Imperfectly fluid. 

SEM'I-FORMED, a. Half formed ; imperfectly formed. 

SEM'I-IN'DU-RA-TED, a. [semi and indurated.] Imper- 
fectly indurated or hardened. 

SEM'I-LA-PID'I-FIED, a. [semi and lapidified.] Imper- 
fectly changed into stone. Kirwan. 

SEM'I-LEN-TIC'U-LAR, a. fsewi and lenticular.] Half 
lenticular or convex ; imperfectly resembling a lens. 

SEiM-l-IiU'NAR, ) a. [Fr. semilunaire.] Resembling in 

SEM-I-Lu'NA-RY, ^ form a half moon. 

SEM'I-MET'AL, n. [semi and metal.] An imperfect metal, 
or rather a metal that is not malleable, as bismuth, zink. 

SEM'I-’ME-TAL'LIG, a. Pertaining to a semi-metal, or par- 
taking of its nature and qualities. Kirwan. 

SEM'l-iVAL, a. [Fr. ; L. ^emitjaZis.] 1. Pertaining to seed, 
or to the elements of production. 2. Contained in seed ; 
radical ; rudimental ; original. Swift. — Seminal-leaf, the 
same as seed-leaf. 

SEM'I-NAL, 71. Seminal state. Brpten. 

SEM-I-NAL'I-TY, n. The nature of seed ; or the power of 
being produced. Broicn. 

SEM'I-NA-RIST, n. A Romish priest educated in a semina- 
ry. Sheldon. 

SEM'I-NA-RY, n. [Fr. seminaire h. seminarium.] 1. A 
seed-plat; ground where seed is sown for producing 
plants for transplantation ; a nursery. 2. The place or 
ori«^inal stock whence any thing is brought ; [oZ>s.] 3. 

Seminal state ; [oZ»5.] 4. Source of propagation. 45. A 

place of education ; any school, academy, college or uni 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


SEM 


740 ' SEN 


versity, in which young persons are instructed in tlie sev- 
eral branches of learning. 6. A Romish priest educated 
in a seminary ; a seminarist. 

BEiVI'l-NA-RY, a. Seminal ; belonging to seed. Smith. 
SEM'I-NATE, V. t. [L. scy/u/io.] To sow; to spread; to 
propagate. Waterhouse. 

SEM-I-Na'TION, n. [L. semiiiatio.l 1. The act of sowing. 

— 2. In botany^ the natural dispersion of seeds. Martyn. 
t SEM'INED, a. Thick covered, as with seeds. 
SEM-I-NIF^ER-OUS, a. [L. semen and fero.'] Seed-bear- 
ing ; producing seed. Darwin. 

SEM-I-iVIF'I€, ^ a. [L. semen and /ado.] Forming or 
SE;\I-I-NIFd-€AL, ) producing seed. 
SEM-I-NIF-I-€a'TION, 7i. ITopagation from the seed or 
seminal parts. Hale. 

SEM'1-O-PaQ.UE', I a. [L. semi and opacus.] Half trans- 
SEM'I-O-Pa'COUS, I parent only. 

SEM'I-O'PAL, n. A variety of opal. Jameson. 
SEM'I-OR-BIC U-L AR, a. [^ewu and orbicular.'] Having 
the sliape of a half orb or sphere. Martyn. 

SEM I-OR'DI-NATE, n. In conic sections, a line drawn at 
right angles to and bisected by the axis, and reaching 
from one side of the section to the other. 
SEM'I-OS'SE-OUS, a. Half as hard as bone. 
SEM'[-5'VATE, a. [sewi and ovate.] Half egg-shaped. 
SEAPI-OX'Y(j-E-NA-TED, a. Half saturated with oxygen. 
SEM'I-PAL'MATE, ) a. [semi and palmate.] Half pal- 
SEM'l-PAL'MA-TED, \ mated or webbed. 

SEiMT-PED, 71. [semi, and L. pcs.] A half foot in poetry. 

* SEM-I-Pe'DAL, a. Containing a half foot. 
SEM'I-PE-La'GI-AN, 71. In ecclesiastical history, the Sem'i- 
Pelagians are persons who retain some tincture of the doc- 
trines of Pelagius. 

SEM'I-PE-La'GI-AN, a. Pertaining to the Semi-Pelagians, 
or their tenets. 

SEM'I-PE-La/GI-AN-ISM,7i. The doctrines or tenets of the 
Semi-Pelagians. 

SEMT-PEL-Lu CID, a. [semi and pellucid.] Half clear, or 
imperfectly transparent. Woodward. 
SEM'I-PEL-LU-CID'I-TY, 71. The quality or state of being 
imperfectly transparent. 

SEM'I-PER-SPIC'U-OUS, a. [semi and pe7-spicuous.] Half 
transparent; imperfectly clear. Grew. 
SEM'I-PHLO-GIS'IT-GA-TED, a. [semi and phlogistica- 
ted.] Partially impregnated with phlogiston. 
SEMM-PRI-MIG'EN-OUS, a. [sc?ai and primiaenous.] In 
geology, of a middle nature between substances of pri- 
mary and secondary formation. 

SEM'I-PROOF, 71. [semi and proof.] Half proof ; evidence 
from the testimony of a single witness. [Little iLsed ] 
SEMT-PR5'TO-LITE, n. [semi, and Gr. and Xtdoj.] 

A species of fossil. 

SEiVPI-Q.U^D^RATE, ) n. [L. semi and quadratus.] An 
SEM'I-Q,UAR'TILE, | aspect of the planets, when dis- 
tant from each other the half of a quadrant, or forty-five 
degrees, one sign and a half. 

SEM'I-ClUA-VER, n. [semi and quaver.] In 7mmc, a note 
of half the duration of the quaver; the sixteenth of the 
semibreve. 

SEM'I-dUA-VER, V. t. To sound or sing in semiquavers. 
SEMT-aUIN'TILE, n. [L. semi and quintilis.] An aspect 
of the planets, when distant from each other half of the 
quintile, or thirty-six degrees. 

SEM'I-SAV^AGE, a. Half savage; half barbarian. 
SEM'I-SAV'AGE, n. One who is half savage or imperfect- 
ly civilized. .7. Barlow. 

SElM'I-SEX'TiLE, n. [semi and sextile.] An aspect of the 
planets, when they are distant from each other the twelfth 
part of a circle, or thirty degrees. Bailey. 
SEM'I-SPHER'ie, ) a. Having the figure of a half 
SEM'I-SPHER'I-CAL, \ sphere. 

SEI\PI-SPHE-ROID'AL, a. Formed like a half spheroid. 
SEM-I-TER^TIAN, a. [.semi and tertian.] Compounded of a 
tertian and quotidian ague. 

SEM-l-TER'TIAN, 7i. An intermittent compounded of a 
tertian and quotidian. Bailey. 

SEM'I-TONE, 71. [semi and tone.] In music, half a tone. 
SEil-I-TON'IC, a. Pertaining to a semitone ; consisting of 
a semitone. 

SEM'I-TR AN'SEPT, n. [semi and transept.] The half of a 
transept or cross aisle. 

SEM'I-TRANS-PaR'ENT, (sem-e-trans-pair'ent) a. [semi 
and transparent.] Half or imperfectly transparent. 
SEM'I-TRANS-PaR'EN-CY, (sein-e-trans-pair'en-se) n. 

Imperfect transparency ; partial opaqueness. 
SEMT-VIT'RE-OUS, a. Partially vitreous. Bigelow. 
SEM'1-VIT-RI-FI-Ca'TION, 77. 1. The state of being im- 
perfectly vitrified. 2. A substance imperfectly vitrified. 
SEM'l-VIT'RI-FIED, a. Half or imperfectly vitrified ; par- 
tially converted into glass. 

fr'EIVPI-Vo-CAL, a. [semi and vocal.] Pertaining to a semi- 
vowel ; half vocal ; imperfectly sounding. 
SEM'I-VOW-EL, 71. and vowel.] In grammar, a half- 


vowel, or an articulation which is accompanied with an 
imperfect sound. 

SEM-PER-Vl'RENT, a. [L. semper and virens.] Always 
fresh ; ever^green. Lee. 

SEM'PER-VlVE, 71. [L. semper and vivus.] A plant. 
SEM-PI-TERN'xVL, a. [Fr. sempiternel ; L. sempiternus.] 
I. Eternal in futurity ; everlasting ; endless ; Iiaving be- 
ginning, but no end. 2. Eternal ; everlasting. 
SEM-Pl-TERN'I-TY, n. [L. sempiternitas.] Future dura- 
tion without end. Hale. 

t SEMESTER, n. A seamster ; a man who uses a needle. 
SEM'STRESS, n. [Sax. seamstre.] A woman whose busi- 
ness is to sew. Swift. Often written sempstress. 

SEN, or SENS, ado. Since. Spenser. This word is still 
used by some of our common people for since. 
SEN'A-llY, a. [L. seni,, senarius.] Of six ; belonging to 
six ; containing six. 

SEN^ATE, n. [Fr. senat ; It. senato ; Sp. senado ; L. sen- 
atus.] 1. An assembly or council of senators ; a body of 
the principal inhabitants of a city or state, invested with a 
share in the government. — 2. In the United States, senate 
denotes the higher branch or house of a legislature. — 3. In 
a looser sense, any legislative or deliberative body of 
men. 

SEN'ATE-HOUSE, n. A house in which a senate meets, 
or a place of public council. Shak. 

SEN'A-TOR, 'll. 1. A member of a senate. 2. A counselor; 
a judge or magistrate. Ps. cv. 

SEN-A-To'RI-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to a senate ; becoming 
a senator. 2. Entitled to elect a senator ; as a senatoi-ial 
district. _?7. States. 

SEN-A-To'RI-AL-LY, adv. In the manner of a senate ; 

with dignity or solemnity. 
fSEN-A-To'RI-AN. The same as senatorial. 
SEN'A-TOR->SHIP, n. The office or dignity of a senator. 
SEND, V. t. ; pret. and pp. sent. [Sax. sendan ; Goth. san~ 
dyan ; D. zenden ; G. senden ; Sw. sunda ; Dan. sender.] 

1. In a general sense, to throw, cast or thrust ; to impel 
or drive by force to a distance. 2. To cause to be con- 
veyed or transmitted. 3. To cause to go or pass from 
place to place. 4. To commission, authorize or direct to go 
and act. 5. To cause to come or fall ; to bestow. 6. To 
cause to come or fall ; to inflict. 7. To propagate ; to 
diffuse. — To send away, to dismiss ; to cause to depart. — 
To send forth ox out. 1. To produce ; to put or bring forth. 

2. To emit. 

SEND, V. i. To dispatch an agent or messenger for some 
purpose. — To send for, to request or require by message 
to come or be brought. 

fSENfDAL, 7J. [Sp. cendal.] A light, thin stuff of silk or 
thread. Chaucer. 

SEND'ER, n. One that sends. Shak. 

SEN^E-GA, ) n. A plant called raifZe5/iaA:e-roof, of the genus 
SEN'E-KA, ^ polygala. 

SE-NES^CENCE, n. [L. se^icsco.] The state of growing old; 
decay by_time. Woodward. 

* SEN'ES-CHAL, n. [Fr. senechal ; It. siniscalco ; Sp. sen- 
escal ; G. seneschall.] A steward ; an officer in tlie houses 
of princes and dignitaries, who has the superintendence 
of feasts and domestic ceremonies. 

SEN'GREEN, n. A plant, the houseleek. 

Sk'NILE, a. [L. sentfe.] Pertaining to old age ; proceeding 
from age. Boyle. 

SE-NILM-TY, 71. Old age. [Mot much 7Lsed.] Boswell. 
SeNTOR, (seen'yur) a. [L. senior, comp, oisenex.] Elder or 
older; but, as aw adjective, it usually signifies older in office. 
SeNMOR, (seen'yur) n. 1. A person who is older than 
another ; one more advanced in life. 2. One that is older 
in office, or one whose first entrance upon an office was 
anterior to that of another. 3. An aged person ; one of 
Jhe oldest inhabitants. 

SeN-IOR'I-TY, (seen-yor'e-ty) n. 1. Eldership; superior 
age ; priority of birth. 2. Priority in office. 

SEN'NA, n. [Pers., Ar.] The leaf of the cassia senna, a na- 
tive of the East, used as a cathartic. 

SEN'NIGHT, (senffiit) n. [contracted from sevennight, as 
fortnight from fourteennight.] The space of seven nights 
and days ; a week. 

SE-NO€'U-LAR, a. [L. seni and oculus.] Having six eyes. 
Dcrham. 

[PENS' A-TED, a. Perceived by the senses. 
SEN-Sa'TION, 77. [Fr. ; It. sensazi one ; Sp. sensacion.] The 
perception of external objects by means of the senses. 
Encyc. 

SENSE, (sens) n. [Fr. sens It. senso ; L. sensTTS.] 1. The 
faculty of the soul by which it perceives external objects 
by means of impressions made on certain organs of the 
body. 2. Sensation ; perception by the senses. 3. Per- 
ception by the intellect ; apprehension ; discernment. 4. 
Sensibility; quick ness or acuteness of perception. 5. Un- 
derstanding; soundness of faculties; strength of natural 
reason. 0. Reason ; reasonable or rational meaning. 7 
Opinion ; notion ; judgment. 8. Consciousness ; convic- 
tion. 9. Moral perception. 10. Meaning; import; sig- 


* See Syno])sis. A, K, T, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT; — PREY; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — [ Obsolete, 


SEN 


741 


nification. — Common sense, that power of the mind wliich 
enables the possessor to discern what is right, useful, ex- 
pedient or proper, and adopt the best means to accomplish 
his purpose. — Moral sense, a determination of the mind to 
be pleased with the contemplation of those alfections, 
actions or characters of rational agents, which are called 
fTood or virtuous. 

f SENSED, pp. Perceived by the senses. Olanville. 

SENSE'FIJL, (sens'ful) a. Keasonable ; judicious. 

SENSE'LESS, (sensdes) a. 1. Wanting the faculty of per- 
ception. '2. Unfeeling ; wanting sympathy. 3. Unrea- 
sonable ; foolish; stupid. 4. Unreasonable; stupid; act- 
ing without sense or judgment. 5. Contrary to reason or 
sound judgment, b. Wanting knowledge ; unconscious. 
7. Wanting sensibility or quick perception. 

SENSE'LESS-LY, (sensdes-ly) adv. In a senseless manner ; 
stupidly ; unreasonably. 

SENSE'LESS-NESS, (sens'les-nes) n. Unreasonableness ; 
folly ; stupidity ; absurdity. Greio. 

SENjS-1-BIL'1-TY, 11 . [Fr. sensibilite.] 1. Susceptibility of 
impressions ; the capacity of feeling or perceiving the im- 
pressions of external objects. 2. Acuteness of sensation. 
3. Capacity or acuteness of perception ; that quality of the 
soul which renders it susceptible of impressions ; delica- 
cy of feeling. 4. Actual feeling. 5. It is sometimes 
used in the plural. 6. Nice perception, so to speak, of a 
balance ; that quality of a balance which renders it mova- 
ble with the smallest weight. Lavoisier. 

SENS'1-BLE, a. [Fr., Sp. ; it. scnsihile.] 1. Having the ca- 
pacity of receiving impressions from external objects ; ca- 
pable of perceiving by the instrumentality of the proper 
organs. 2. Perceptible by the senses. 3. Perceptible or per- 
ceived by the mind. 4. Perceiving or having perception, 
either by the mind or the senses. Locke. 5. Having moral 
perception ; cai)able of being atfected by moral good or 
evil. 6. Having acute intellectual feeling ; being easily 
or strongly atfected. 7. Perceiving so clearly as to be 
convinced ; satisfied ; persuaded. 8. Intelligent ; dis- 
cerning. 9. Moved by a very small weight or impulse. 
10. Atfected by a slight degree of heat or cold. 11. Con- 
taining good sense or sound reason. 

SENS'I-BLE, 11 . Sensation ; also, whatever may be per- 
ceived. [Little used.] 

SENS'I-BLE-NESS, ii. 1. Possibility of being perceived by 
the senses. 2. Actual perception by the mind or body. 
3. Sensibility ; quickness or acuteness of perception. 4. 
Susceptibility ; capacity of being strongly atfected, or ac- 
tual feeling ; consciousness. 5. Intelligence ; reasona- 
bleness ; good sense. 6. Susceptibility of slight impres- 
sions. 

SENS'I-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner to be perceived by the 
.senses ; perceptibly to the senses. 2. With perception, 
either of mind or body. 3. Externally; by atfecting the 
senses. 4. With quick intellectual perception. 5. With 
intelligence or good sense ; judiciously. 

SENS'I-TlVE, a. [It., Sp. sensitivo ; Fr. seositif ; L. sensi- 
tivus.] 1. Having sense or feeling, or having the capacity 
of perceiving impressions from external objects. 2. Tlmt 
affects the senses. 3. Pertaining to the senses, or to sen- 
sation ; depending on sensation. 

SENSff-TiVE-LY, adv. In a sensitive manner. 

SENS'I-TIVE-PLANT, n. A plant of the genus mimosa 
[mimjc,] so called from tlie sensibility of its leaves. 

SEN-So'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the sensory or sensorium. 

SEN-So'RI-UM, ) 11 . [from L. sensus, scntio.] 1 . The seat of 

SENS'O-RY, \ sense ; the brain and nerves. 2. Organ 
of sense. 

SENS'U-AL, a. [It. sensuale ; Fp. sensual ; Fr. scnsueL] 1. 
Pertaining to the senses, as distinct from the mind or soul. 
Pope. 2. Consisting in sense, or depending on it. 3. Af- 
fecting the senses, or derived from them. Hence. 4. In 
theoloinj, carnal ; pertaining to the liesh or body, in oppo- 
sition to the spirit ; not spiritual or holy ; evil. James iii. 
5. Devoted to the gratification of sense ; given to the in- 
dulgence of the appetites ; lewd ; luxurious. 

SENS'U-AIi-IST, n. A person given to the indulgence of 
the appetites or senses ; one who places his chief happi- 
ness in carnal pleasures. 

SENS-U-ALT-TY, n. [it. sensualitd ; Sp. sensualidad ; Fr. 
scnsnalite.] Devotedness to the gratification of the bodily 
appetites ; free indulgence in carnal or sensual pleasures. 

SENS-U-AL-I-Za'TION, 11 . The act of sensualizing; the 
state of being sensualized. 

SENS U-AL-lZE, v. t. To make sensual ; to subject to the 
love of sensual pleasure ; to debase by carnal gratifica- 
tions. 

SENS'U-AL-LY, adv. In a sensual manner. 

tSENS'U-OUS, a. Tender; pathetic. Milton. 

SENT, pret. and pp. of send. 

SEN'TENCE, n. [Fr. ; It. scntenia ; Sp. sentencia.] 1. In 
laio, a judgment pronounced by a court or judge upon a 
criminal ; a judicial decision publicly and officially de- 
clared in a criminal prosecution. — 2. In language not 
technical, a determination or decision given, particularly 


SEP 

a decision that condemns, or an unfavorable determina- 
tion. 3. An opinion ; judgment concerning a controvert- 
ed point. Acts XV. 4. A maxim ; an axiom ; a short 
saying containing moral instruction. 5. Vindication of 
one’s innocence. — 0. In grammar, a. period ; a number of 
words containing complete sense or a sentiment, and fol- 
lowed by a full pause. 

SEN'TENCE, t;. t. 1. To pass or pronounce the judgment 
of a court on ; to doom. 2. To condemn ; to doom to 
punishment. 

SExV-TEN'TIAL, a. 1. Comprising sentences. jVcivcome. 
2. Pertaining to a sentence or full period. Sheridan. 

t SEN-TEN -TJ-OS'I-TY, n. Comprehension in a sentence. 

SEN-TEN'TIOUS, a. [Fr. sententieux ; It. sentenzioso.] 1. 
Abounding with sentences, axioms and maxims ; short 
and energetic. 2. Comprising sentences. 

SEN-TEN'TIOUS-LY, adv. In short, expressive periods; 
with striking brevity. Broome. 

SEN-TEN'TIUUS-NESS, w. Pithiness of sentences; brevi 
ty with strength. Vryden. 

SEN'TER-Y and SEN'TRY are corrupted from sentinel. 

SEN'TIENT, (sen'shent) a. [L. sentiens.] 1. That per- 
ceives ; having the faculty of perception. 

SEN'TIENT, 11 . 1. A being or person that has the faculty 
of perception. 2. He that perceives. 

SEN'TI-MENT, n. [Fr. ; It. sentiniento ; Sp. sentimiento.] 
1. Properly, a thought prompted by passion or feeling. — 
2* In a popular sense, thought ; opinion ; notion ; judg- 
ment ; the decision of the mind formed by deliberation or 
reasoning. 3. The sense, thought or opinion contained 
in w’ords, but considered as distinct from them. 4. Sensi- 
bility ; feeling. 

SEN-TI-MENT'AL, a. 1. Abounding with sentiment or 
just opinions or reflections. 2. Expressing quick intel- 
lectual feeling. 3. Affecting sensibility. 

SEN-TI-MENT'AL-IST, n. One that affects sentiment, fine 
feeling or exquisite sensibility. 

SEN-Ti-MENT'AL-I-TY, n. Affectation of fine feeling or 
exquisite sensibility. JVarton. 

SENTT-NEL, n. [Fr. scntinelle ; It., Port, sentinella ; Sp. 
centinela.] In military affairs, a soldier set to watch or 
guard an army, camp or other place from surprise, to ob- 
serve the approach of danger and give notice of it. 

SEN'TRY, n. Guard ; watch ; the duty of a sentinel. 

SEN'TRY-BOX, n. A box to cover a sentinel at his post, 
and shelter him from the weather. 

Sk'PAL, 11 . [from L. sepio.] In the small leaf or part 

of a calyx. M'ecker. 

SEP-A-RA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being separable, 
or of admitting separation or disunion. 

SEP'A-RA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. separabilis.] That may be 
separated, disjoined, disunited or rent. 

SEP'A-RA-BLE-NESS, . The quality of being capable of 
separation or disunion. Boyle. 

SEP'A-RATE, V. t. [L. separo ; Fr. separer ; It. separare ; 
separar.] 1. I'o disunite; to divide; to sever; to 
part, in almost atiy manner, either things naturally or 
casually joined. 2. To set apart from a number for a par- 
ticular service. 3. To disconnect. 4. To make a space 
between. 

SEP'A-RATE, v. i. 1. To part; to be disunited ; to be dis- 
connected ; to withdraw from each other. 2. To cleave ; 
to open. 

SEP'A-RATE, a. [E. separatus.] 1. Divided from tlie 
rest ; being parted from another ; disjoined ; disconnect- 
ed. 2. Unconnected ; not united ; distinct. 3. Disu- 
nited from the body. 

SEP'A-RA-TED, pp. Divided ; parted ; disunited. 

SEP^A-RATE-LY, adv. In a separate or unconnected 
state; apart; distinctly; singly. 

SEP^\-RATE-NESS, n. The state of being separate. 

SEP'A-RA-TING, ppr. Dividing ; disjoining ; putting or 
driving asunder; disconnecting; decomposing. 

SEP-A-Ra^TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. separation It. separazione ; 
Fp. separacion.] 1. The act of separating, severing or 
disconnecting; disjunction. 2. The state of being sepa- 
rate ; disunion ; disconnection. 3. The operation of dis- 
uniting or decomposing substances ; chemical analysis. 
4. Divorce ; disunion of married persons. 

SEP'A-RA-TIST, n. [Fr. scparatistc.] One that withdraws 
from a church, or rather from an established church, to 
which he has belonged ; a dissenter ; a seceder ; a schis- 
matic ; a sectary. 

SEP'A-RA-TOR, n. One that divides or disjoins; a di- 
vider. 

FEP'A-RA-TO-RY, a. That separates. [L. ?4.] Chcync. 

SEP'A-RA-TO-RY, n. A chemical vessel for separating 
liquoi-s ; and a surgical instrument for separating the peri- 
cranium from the cranium. 

SE-PAWN', or SE-PON', n. A species of food consisting 
of meal of maize boiled in water. 

\ FEPTI4-I-BLE, a. That may be buried. Bailey. 

SEP'I-MENT, n. [L. sepimentum.] A hedge; a fence; 
something that separates or defends. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


SER 


SEa 742 


t SE-PoSE', V t. [L. seponof sepositus.] To set apart. 
Donne. 

j SEP-0-Si"TION, 71. The act of setting apart j segrega- 
Jion. 

SeTOY, 71. A native of India, employed as a soldier in the 
service of European powers. 

SEP.S, n. [L.] A species of venomous eft or lizard. 

SEPT, n. A clan, race or family, proceeding from a com- 
mon progenitor j used of the races or families in Ireland. 
Spenser. 

SEP-TAN'GU-LAR, a. [L. septem and angulus.] Having 
seven angles or sides. 

SEP-Ta'RI-A, 71. [L. septa.] A name given to nodules 
or spheroidal masses of cal carious marl. 

SEP-TEM'BER, 7i. [L. septem / Fr. septenibre ,• It. settem- 
bre ; Sp. septiembre.] The seventh month from March, 
which was formerly the first month of the year. Septem- 
ber is now the ninth month of the year. 

SEP-TEM'PAR-TITE, a. Divided into seven parts. 

SEP'TEN-A-RY, a. [Fr. septenaire ; It. settenario ; Sp. sep- 
tenario ; L. septenarius.] Consisting of seven. 

SEP'TEN-A-RY, 71. The number seven. Bumet. 

S£P-TEN'NI-AL, a. [L. septeiinis.] 1. Lasting or con- 
tinuing seven years. 2. Happening or returning once in 
every seven years. 

SEP-l'ExN'TRI-ON, 7i. [Fr. j L. septentrio.] The north or 
northern regions. Shale. 

SEP-TEiN'TR[-ON, ) a. [Ti,. septetitrionalis.] Northern; 

SEP-TEN'TRI-O-NAL, \ pertaining to the north. 

SEP-TEN-TRI-O-NAL'l-TY, 77. NortJierliness. 

SEP-TEN'TRI-O-NAL-LY, adv. Northerly ; towards the 
north. 

SEP-TEN'TRI-O-NATE, v. i. To tend northerly. Brown. 

SEPT'FOIL, 77. [L. septem and folium.] A plant of the ge- 
nus tormentilla. 

SEPTIC, or SEP'TI-CAL, a. [Gr. ciynTiKog.] 1. Having 
power to promote putrefaction. 2. Proceeding from or 
generated by putrefaction. 

SEP'TIC, 77. A substance that promotes the putrefaction of 
bodies. Encijc. 

SEP-TIC'I-TY, 77. Tendency to putrefaction. Fourcroy. 

SEP-TI-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. septem and Zat77s.] Having 
seven sides. Browii. 

SEP-TIN'SU-LAR, a. [L septem and insula.] Consisting 
of seven isles ; as, the scptinsular republic. Quart. Rev. 

SEP-TfJ-AG'EN-A-RY, a. [Fr. septuagenaire ; L. septua- 
genarius.] Consisting of seventy. Brown. 

EEP-TIJ-AG'EN-A-RY, 77. A person seventy years of age. 

SEP-'l’U’-A-GES'I-MA, n. [L. septnagesimus.] The third 
Sunday before Lent, or before Quadragesima Sunday. 

PEP-T[J-A-GES'I-MAL, a. Consisting of seventy. 

HEP'TlJ-A-GiNT, 77. [L. septuaginta.] A Greek version of 
the Old Testament, so called because it was the work of 
seventy^ or rather of seventy-two interpreters. 

SEP'T(J-A-GINT, a. Pertaining to the Septuagint; con- 
tained in the Greek copy of the Old Testament. 

EEP'TU-A-RY, 77. [L. septem.] Sonietliing composed of 
seven; a week. \ Little %ised.\ Cole. 

PEP TIJ-PLE, a. [Low L. septuplez.] Seven-fold. 

SE-PCL'CHRAL, a. [L. sepulchralis^ Pertaining to burial, 
to the grave, or to monuments erected to the memory of the 
dead. 

EEP'Ufj-CHRE, I 77. [Fr. sepulchre^ Sp., Port, sepulcro ; 

SEP'IJL-CHER, ^ It. sepolcro^ L. sepulchrum.] A grave ; 
a tomb ; the place in which the dead body of a human 
being is interred. 

SEP'UL-GHRE, v. t. To bury ; to inter ; to entomb. 

SEP'l JL-TURE, n. [Fr. ; L. sepultura.] Burial; inter- 
ment ; the act of depositing the dead body of a human 
being in the grave. 

SE-QUa'CIOUS, a. [L. seqnax.] 1. Following ; attend- 
ant. 2. Ductile ; pliant ; [little tised.] 

SE-Q,Ua'CIOUS-NESS, 77. State of being sequacious ; dis- 
{>osition to follow. Taijlor. 

SE-Q.UAC'1-TY, 77. 1. A following, or disposition to fol- 
Jow. 2. Ductility; pliableness; [little 7ised.] Bacon. 

S!‘:'Q.1JEL, 77. [Fr. scquelle L., seq7iela.] 1. That 

which follows, a succeeding part. 2. Consequence ; event. 
P. Consequence inferred ; consequentialness ; [L 77.] 

Sk'QUENCE, 77. [Fr. ; L. seque7is.] 1. A following, or 
that which follows ; a consequent. 2. Order of succession . 
3. Series ; arrangement ; method. — 4. In music, a regular 
alternate succession of similar chords. 

Si':'Q-UENT, a. 1. Following; succeeding. 2. Consequen- 
tial ; [little 7iscd.] 

fSF.'QUENT, 77. A follower. Shale. 

SE-CIUES'TER, v. t. [Fr. sequestrer ; It. sequesh-are ; Sp. 
sequesirar ; Low L. sequestra.] 1. To separate from the 
owner for a time ; to seize or take possession of some 
property which belongs to another, and hold it till the 
profits have paid the demand for which it is taken. 2. 
To take from parties in controversy and put into the pos- 
session of an indifferent person. 3. To put aside ; to re- 
move ; to separate from other things. 4. To sequester 


one"* s self , to separate one’s self from society; to with- 
draw or retire. 5. To cause to retire or withdraw into 
obscurity. 

SE-Q,UES'TER, v. i. To decline, as a widow, any concern 
with the estate of a husband. 

SE-Q,UES'TERED, pp. Seized and detained for a time, to 
satisfy a demand ; separated ; secluded ; private. 

SE-Q,U£S'TRA-BLE, a. That may be sequestered or sepa- 
rated ; subject or liable to sequestration. 

SE-Q,UES'TRATE, v. t. To sequester. 

SE-Q,UES-TRa'TION, 77. 1. The act of taking a thing 

from parties contending for it, and intrusting it to an in- 
different person. — 2. In the civil law, the act of the ordi- 
nary, disposing of the goods and chattels of one deceased, 
whose estate no one will meddle with. 3. The act of 
taking property from the owner for a time, till the rents, 
issues and profits satisfy a demand. 4. The act of seizing 
the estate of a delinquent for the use of the state. 5. Sep- 
aration ; retirement; seclusion from society. 6. State of 
being separated or set aside. 7. Disunion ; disjunction ; 
[obs.] 

* SE-Q,ITES-TRa'TOR, 77. 1. One that sequesters property, 
or takes the possession of it for a time, to satisfy a demand 
out of its rents or profits. 2. One to whom the keeping 
of sequestered property is committed. 

Se'QUIN, 77 . A gold coin of Venice and Turkey. See Ze- 

CHIN. 

SE-RAGL'IO, (se-rahyo) n. [Fr. serail ; Sp. serrallo ; It. 
serraglio.] The palace of the grand seignior or Turkish 
sultan, or the palace of a prince. 

SER'APII, 77 . ; plu. Seraphs ; but sometimes the Hebrew 

plural, Seraphim, is used, [from Heb. to burn.] 

An angel of the highest order. 

SE-RAFH'I€, I a. 1. Pertaining to a seraph ; angelic ; 

SE-RAPH'I-CAL,- ^ sublime. 2. Pure ; refined from sen- 
suality. 3. Burning or inflamed with love or zeal. 

SER'A-PIIIM, 71. [the Hebrew plural of seraph.] Angels 
of the highest order in the celestial hierarchy. 

SE-RAS'KIER, 77 . A Turkish general or commander of 
land forces. 

SE-RASS', 77. A fowl of the East Indies of the crane kind. 

SERE, a. Dry ; withered ; usually w^ritten sear. 

fSERE, 77. A claw or talon, Chapma7i. 

SER-E-NaDE', 71. [Fr. ; It., Sp. serenata.] 1. An enter- 
tainment of music given in the night by a lover to his 
mistress under her window. 2. Music performed in the 
streets during the stillness of the night. Addison. 

SER-E-NaDE', V. t. To entertain with nocturnal music. 

SER-E-NaDE', V. i. To perform nocturnal music. 

SE-Rk'NA GUT'TA. SeeGuTTA Serena. 

SER-E-Na'TA, 77. A vocal piece of music on an amorous 
subject. Busby. 

SE-ReNE', a. [Fr. serein ; It., Sp. sereno ; L. serenus.] 1. 
Clear or fair, and calm. 2. Bright. Pope. 3. Calm ; unruf- 
fled ; undisturbed. 4. A title given to several princes and 
magistrates in Europe. 

f SE-ReNE', 71. A cold, damp evening. B. Jonson. 

SE-ReNE', V. t. 1. To make clear and calm ; to quiet. 2. 
To clear ; to brighten. Philips. 

SE-ReNE'LY, adv. Calmly ; quietly. Pope. 2. With un- 
ruffled temper ; coolly. Prior. 

SE-ReNE'NESS, 71. The state of being serene; serenity. 

fSE-REN'I-TUDE, 77. Calmness. Wotton. 

SE-REN'I-TY, 77. [Fr. screnite ; L. serenitas.] 1. Clear- 
ness and calmness. 2. Calmness ; quietness ; stillness ; 
peace. 3. Calmness of mind; evenness of temper; un- 
disturbed state ; coolness. 4. A title of respect. 

SERF, 77 . [Fr. 5er/; L. 567 * 77775 .] A servant or slave em- 
ployed in husbandry, and, in some countries, attached to 
the soil and transferred with it. 

SERGE, n. [Fr. serge ; Sp. xerga.] A woolen, quilted stuff, 
manufactured in a loom with four treddles, after the man- 
ner of ratteens. 

SER'GEAN-CY, 71. The office of a sergeant at law. HaeJeet. 

SER'GEANT, (sllr'jent) v. [Fr. sergent ; It. sergente ; Sp., 
Port, sargento.] 1. Formerly, an officer in E7igla7id, 
nearly answering to the more modern bailiff of the hun- 
dred ; also, an officer whose duty was to attend on the 
king, and on the lord high steward in court, to arrest 
traitors and other offenders. — 2. In military affairs, a 
non-commissioned officer. — 3. In England, a lawyer of 
the highest rank, and answering to the doctor of the civil 
law. 4. A title sometimes given to the king’s servants. 

SER'GEANT-RY, (sar'jent-ry) n. In Engla7id, sergea7itry 
is of two kinds ; grand sergeantry and petit sergca7itry. 
Grand sergea7itry is a particular kind of knight-service, 
a tenure by which the tenant was bound to do some spe- 
cial honorary service to the king in person. — Petit ser~ 
geanti-y was a tenure by which the tenant was bound to 
render to the king, annually, some small implement of 
war, as a bow. 

SER'GEANT-SHIP, (sar'jent-ship) n. The office of a ser- 
geant. 

SERGE'-MaK-ER, 77. A manufacturer of serges. 


*Sce Synopds. A, E, T, o, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — f Obsolete. 


SER 


SER 


743 

SE-RIf'CEOUS, a. [L. smcw^.] Pertaining to silk ; consist- 
ing of silk j silky. — In botany, covered with very soft 
Jiairs pressed close to the surface. 

Se'RIES, n. [L.] 1. A continued succession of things in 

the same order, and bearing the same relation to each 
other. '2. Sequence ; order ; course ; succession of things. 

— 3. In natural history, an order or subdivision of some 
class of natural bodies. — 4. In arithmetic and al<rebra, a. 
number of terms in succession, increasing or dimmishing 
in a certain ratio. 

SER'IN, n. A song bird of Italy and Germany. 

Se'RI-OUS, a. [Fr. serieux ; Sp. serio ; It. serio, serioso ; 

L. serins.] 1. Grave in manner or disposition ; solemn ; 
not light, gay or volatile. 2. Really intending what is 
said ; being in earnest ; not jesting or making a false pre- 
tense. 3. Important ; weighty ; not trifling. 4. Partic- 
ularly attentive to religious concerns or one’s own reli- 
jious state. 

Se'RI-OUS-LY, adv. Gravely ; solemnly j in earnest ; 
jvithout levity. 

Se'R[-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Gravity of manner or of mind ; 
solemnity. 2. Earnest attention, particularly to religious 
ccxnc 0 riis» 

I SER-MOC-I-Na'TION, 71. Speech-making. Peacham. 

I SER-MOC-I-Na^TOR, n. One that makes sermons or 
speeches. 

SEIPMON, 71. [Fr. ; L. sermo.] 1. A discourse delivered 
in public by a clergyman for the purpose of religious in- 
struction. 2. A printed discourse. 

SER'iUON, V. t. 1. To discourse as in a sermon ; [1. u.] 

2. To tutor ; to lesson ; to teach ; [Z. u.] Shah. 

SER'MON, V. i. To compose or deliver a sermon. [L. u.] 
t SER'MON-ING, n. Discourse j instruction j advice. 
Chaucer. 

SER'xMON-lZE, V. i. 1. To preach. Bp. JVicholson. 2. To 
inculcate rigid rules. Chesterfield. 3. To make sermons ; 
to compose or write a sermon or sermons. [ Thus used in 
the United States.] 

SER'MON-lZ-ER, ri. One that composes sermons. 
SER'MON-lZ-ING, ppr. Preaching; inculcating rigid pre- 
cepts ; composing sermons. 

SER'MOUN-TAIN, n. A plant ; laserwort; seseli. 

SE-ROON', n. [Sp. seron.] A quantity ; bale or package. 
SE-ROS'I-TY, 71. [Fr. serosite.] In medicine, the watery 
part of the blood. Encyc. 

SER 0-TINE, n. A species of bat. 

Sf.'ROUS, a. [Fr. seretix.] 1. Thin ; watery ; like whey. 

2. Pertaining to serum. Jlrbuthnut. 

SER'PENT, n. [L. serpens.] 1. An animal of the order 

serpentcs, [creepers, crawlers,] of the class amphibia . — 2. 

In astronomy, a constellation in the northern hemisphere. 

3. An instrument of music, serving as a base to the cor- 
net or small shawm. 4. Figuratively, a subtil or malicious 
person. — 5. In mytholosry, a symbol of the sun. Encyc. 

SER'PENT-eD/eUM-BEll, n. A plant. 

SER'PENT-eAT'ER, 77. A fowl of Africa. 

SERTENT-FISH, n. A fish of the genus tcenia, 
SER'PENT’S-ToNGUE, n. A plant. 

SER-PEN-Ta'RI-A, 71. A plant, called also snake-root. 
SER-PEN-Ta'RI-US, V. A constellation in the northern 
hemisphere, containing seventy-four stars. 

SER'PEN-TINE, a. [L. serpcntinus.] 1. Resembling a 
serpent ; usually, winding or turning one way and the 
other, like a moving serpent ; anfractuous. 2. Spiral ; 
twisted. 3. Like a serpent ; having the color or proper- 
ties of a serpent. 

SER'PEN-TINE, V. i. To wind like a serpent ; to meander. 
SER'PEN-TINE, ( n. A species of talck or magne- 

SERfl^EN-TINE-STONE, j sian stone. 

SER'PENT-lZE, v. i. To wind; to turn or bend, first in 
one direction and then in the opposite ; to meander. 
tSER'PET, n. A basket. JUnsworth. 

SER-PIG'IN-OUS, a. [L. serpigo.] Affected with serpigo. 
'*SER-PI'GO, n. [L.] A kind of herpes or tetter; called, 
in popular language, a ringworm. Encyc. 

SERTlJ-L[TE,°n. Petrified shells or fossil remains of the 
genus serpuln. Jameson. 

fSERR, r. t. [Fv. serrer ; Sp., Port. cerrar.~] To crowd, 
press or drive together. Bacon. 

SER'RATE, \a. [L. .serrata.?.] Jagged; notched; in- 
SER'R A-TED, ] dented on the edge, like a saw. 
SER-Ra'TION, 71 . Formation in the shape of a saw. 
SER'RA-TURE, n. An indenting or indenture in the edge 
of any thing, like those of a saw. Martyn. 

SER'ROUS, a. Like the teeth of a saw ; irregular. [L. 7t.] 
FER'RU-LATE, a. Finely serrate ; having minute teeth. 

I SER'RY, r. t. [Fr. server.] To crowd ; to press together. 
.Milton. 

kSicRUJiM, 71. [L.] 1. The thin, transparent part of the 

blood. 2. The thin part of milk ; whey. 

SER'VAL, n. An animal of the feline genus. 

SERV'ANT, n. [Fr. ; L. scrya/ns.] 1. A person that at- 
tends another for the purpose of performing menial offices 
for him, or who is employed by another for such offices or 


* See Syndesis. MOVE, BQOK, DoVE BULL, UNITE.— 


for other labor, and is subject to his command. The 
word is correlative to master. Servant differs from slave, 
as the servant’s subjection to a master is voluntary, the 
slave’s is not. Every slave is a servant, but every ser- 
vant is not a slave. 2. One in a state of subjection. — 3. 
In Scripture, a slave; a bondman. 4. The subject of 
a king. 2 Sam. viii. 5. A person who voluntarily serves 
another or acts as his minister. Is. xlii. 6. A pei'son em- 
ployed or used as an instrument in accomplishing God’s 
purposes. 7. One who yields obedience to another. 8. 
That which yields obedience, or acts in subordination as 
an instrument. Ps. cxix. 9. One that makes painful 
sacrifices in compliance with the weakness or wants of 
others. 1 Cor. ix. 10. A person of base condition or ig- 
noble spirit. Eccles.x. 11. A word of civility. Swift 

t SERV^ANT, V. t. To subject. Shak. 

SERVE,-(scrv) y. L [Fr. servir ; It. servire ; 8p. servir; 
L. servio.] 1. To work for ; to bestow the labor of body 
and mind in the employment of another. 2. To act as 
the minister of ; to perform official duties to. 3. To at- 
tend at command ; to wait on. 4. To obey servilely or 
meanly. 5. To supply with food. 6. To be subservient 
or subordinate to. 7. To perform the duties required in. 
8. To obey; to perform duties in the employment of. 9. 
To be sufficient to, or to promote. 10. To help by good 
offices. 11. To comply with ; to submit to. 12. To be 
sufficient for ; to satisfy ; to content. 13. To be in the 
place of any thing to one. 14. To treat ; to requite. — 15. 
In Scripture and theology, to obey and worship ; to act in 
conformity to the law of a superior, and treat him with 
due reverence. — 16. In a bad sense, to obey ; to yield com- 
pliance or act according to. 17. To worship; to ren- 
der homage to. ]8. To be a slave to ; to be in bondage 
to. Gen. XV. — 19. To se)’ve one^s self of, to use ; to make 
use of ; a Gallicism, [se servir de.] 20. To use ; to man- 
age ; to apply. — 21. In seametFs language, to wind some- 
thing round a rope to prevent friction. 

To serve up, to prepare and present in a dish. — To serve out, 
to distribute in portions. — To serve a writ, to read it to 
the defendant ; or to leave an attested copy at his usual 
place of abode. — To serve an attachment, or writ of attach- 
ment, to levy it on the person or goods by seizure ; or to 
seize. — To serve an execution, to levy it on lands, goods 
or person by seizure or taking possession. — To serve a 
warrant, to read it, and to seize the person against whom 
it is issued. — T'o serve an office, to discharge a public duty. 

SERVE, (serv) v. i. 1. To be a servant or slave. 2. 'I’o 
be employed in labor or other business for another. Crcn. 
xxix. 3. To be in subjection. Is. xliii. 4. To wait ; to at- 
tend ; to perform domestic offices to another. Luke x. 5. 
To perform duties, as in the army, navy, or in any office. 
6. To answer; to accomplish the end. 7. To be suffi- 
cient for a purpose. 8. To suit ; to be convenient. 9. 
To conduce ; to be of use. 10. To officiate or minister; 
to do the honors of. 

SERVED, pp. Attended; waited on ; worshiped; levied. 

SERVICE, 71. [Fr. ; It. servhio ; Sp. servicio ; L. servitium .] 
1. In a general sense, labor of body, or of body and mind, 
performed at the command of a superior, or in pursuance 
of duty, or for the benefit of another. 2. The business of 
a servant ; menial office. 3. Attendance of a servant. 

4. Place of a servant ; actual employment of a servant. 

5. Any thing done by way of duty to a superior. 6. At- 

tendance on a superior. 7. Profession of respect uttered 
or sent. 8. Actual duty ; that which is required to be 
done in an office. 9. That which God requires of man ; 
worship; obedience. 10. Employment; business; of- 
fice. 11. Use ; purpose. 12. Military duty by land or 
sea. 13. A military achievement. 14. Useful office ; ad- 
vantage conferred. 15. Favor. 16. The duty which a 
tenant owes to his lord for his fee. 17. Public worship, 
or office of devotion. 18. A musical church composition 
consisting of choruses, trios, duets, solos, &c. 19. The 

official duties of a minister of the gospel, as in church, at 
a funeral, marriage, &c. 20. Course ; order of dishes at 
table. — 21. In seameiCs language, the materials used for 
serving a rope, as spun-yarn, small lines, &c. 22. A tree 
and its fruit, of the genus sorbus. 

SERVTCE-A-BLE, a. 1. That does service; that pro- 
motes happiness, interest, advantage or any good ; useful ; 
beneficial ; advantageous. 2. Active ; diligent ; officious. 

SER VICE- A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Usefulness in promoting 
good of any kind ; beneficialness. 2. Officiousness ; 
readiness to do service. 

fSERV'I-ENT, a. [L. scrutras.l Subordinate. Dyer. 

SERV'ILE, a. [Fr. ; L. serriZ/;?.] 1. Such as pertains to a 
servant or slave ; slavish ; mean ; such as proceeds from 
dependence. 2. Held in subjection ; dependent. 3. 
Cringing; fawning; meanly submissive. 

SERV'iLE-LY, adv. 1. Meanly ; slavishly ; with base 
submission or obsequiousness. 2. W ith base deference 
to another. 

SERV'iLE-NESS, ) n. Slavery ; the condition of a slave or 

SER-VILT-TY, \ bondman. 2. Mean submission ; 


as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Til as in this. ]; Obsolete. 


SET 


SET 


744 


baseness ; slavishness. 3. Mean obsequiousness ; slav- 
isli deference. 

SERV'ING, ppr. Working for ; acting in subordination toj 
worshiping ;_also, performing duties. 

SERV'1x\G-MaID, w. A female servant ; a menial. 

SERV ING-MAN, n. A male servant ; a menial. 

SERV''l-TOR, n. [It. serxntore ; Sp. servidor ,* Fr. scrvitciir.] 

1. A servant ; an attendant. 2. One that acts under an- 
other ; a follower or adherent. 3. One that professes du- 
ty and obedience. Shak . — 4. In the unwersity of Oxford., 
a student who attends on another for his maintenance 
and learning 5 such as is called, in Cambridge,^ sizer. 

SERV'l-TOR-SllIF, «. The office of a servitor. 

SERVT-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; L. servitudo.] 1. The condition 
of a slave ; the state of involuntary subjection to a mas- 
ter; slav'ery ; bondage. 2. The state of a servant. 3. 
The condition of a conquered country. 4. A state of 
slavish dependence. 5. Servants, collectively ; [06s.] 

SES'AME, ^ 7t. [Fr. sesame; It. sesamo ; L. sesama.l 

SES'A-MUM, j Oily grain ; a genus of annual herbaceous 
plants, from the seeds of which an oil is expressed. 

SES'BAN, 71. A plant ; a species of ceschynomene. 

SES'E-LI, n. [L., Gr. accreXt.] A genus of plants ; meadow 
saxifrage ; hartwort. Encyc. 

SES-OUI-AL'TER, } a. [L.] 1. In geometry, desig- 

SES-Q.Lri-AL'TER-AL, \ nating a ratio where one quan- 
tity or number contains another once, and half as much 
more ; as 9 contains 6 and its half. — 2. A sesquialteral 
floret is when a large fertile floret is accompanied with a 
small abortive one. 

SES-CiUI-l)U'PLI-€ATE, a. [L. sesqui and duplicatus.] 
Designating the ratio of two and a half to one. 

* SES-UGIP'E-DAL, ) a. [h. sesqui u.nd pedalis.] Con- 

SES-OUIP-E-Da'LI-AN, ^ taining a foot and a half. 

SES-Q,UIP/LI-GATE, a. [L. sesqui and plicatus.] Desig- 
nating the ratio of one and a half to one. 

SES-Q,LJI-TER'TIAN, } a. [L. sesqui and tertius.] Des- 

SES-Q,UI-TER'TION-AL, j ignating the ratio of one 
and one third. 

SES'ClUI-TOxVE, n. In music, a minor third, or interval of 
three semitones. Bushy. 

SESS, n. [L. sessio.] A tax. [L. w.] See Assessment. 

SES^SiLE, a. [L. sessilis.] In botany, sitting on the stem. 

SES'SION, n. [Fr.; L. sessio.] 1. A sitting or being placed. 

2. The actual sitting of a court, council, legislature, &c. 

3. The time, space or term during which a court, council, 
legislature and the like, meet daily for business. — 4. Ses- 
sions, in sonic of the States, is particularly used for a court 
of justices, held for granting licenses to innkeepers or 
taverners, for laying out new higliways or altering old 
ones, and tlie like. 

SESS'-POOL, n. A cavity sunk in the earth to receive and 
retain the sediment of water conveyed in drains. 

SES'TERCE, 7t. [Fr. ; L. sesferfms.] A Roman coin, in 
value the fourth part of a denarius, about two pence ster- 
ling or four cents. — The sestei'tium, that is, sestertiumpon- 
dus, was two pounds and a half, or two hundred and 
fifty denarii ; about seven pounds sterling, or thirty one 
dollars. 

SET, V. t.; pret. and pp. set. [Sax. S(Btan, setan, settan ; L. 
sedo ; G.setzeji; D. zetten; Sw. satta ; Dan. setter.] 1. 
To put or place ; to fix or cause to rest in a standing pos- 
ture. 2. To put or place in its proper or natural posture. 
3. To put, place or fix in any situation. 4. To put into 
any condition or state. 5. To put ; to fix ; to attach to. 
G. To fix ; to render motionless. 7. To put or fix, as a 
price. 8. To fix ; to state by some rule. 9. To regulate 
or adjust; as, to a time-piece by the sun. 10. To fit 
to music ; to adapt with notes. 11. To pitch ; to begin to 
sing in public. 12. To plant, as a shrub, tree or vegeta- 
ble. 13. To variegate, intersperse or adorn with some- 
thing fixed ; to stud. 14. To return to its proper place or 
state ; to replace ; to reduce from a dislocated or fractur- 
ed state. 15. To ^x ; to place. 16. To fix firmly ; to 
predetermine. 17. ’To fix by appointmejit ; to appoint; 
to assign. 18. To place or station ; to appoint to a par- 
ticular duty. 19. To stake at play ; [Z. 7/. ] 20. To ofter 
a wager at dice to another ; [Z. u.] 21. To fix in metal. 
22. To fix ; to cause to stop ; to obstruct. 23. To embar- 
rass ; to perplex. 24. To put in good order ; to fix for 
use ; to bring to a fine edge. 25. To loose and extend ; 
to siiread. 26. To point out without noise or disturbance. 
27. 9'o oppose. 28. To prepare with runnet for cheese. 
29. To dim ; to darken or extinguish. 

To set by the compass, among seamen, to observe the bearing 
or situation of a distant object by tbe compass. — 7'o set 
about, to begin, as an action or enterprise ; to apply to. — 
To set one’s self against, to place in a state of enmity or 
opposition. — 'To set against, to oppose ; to set in compari- 
son. — To set apart, to separate to a particular use ; to sep- 
arate from the rest. — To set aside. 1. 'I'o omit for the 
present ; to lay out of the question. 2. To reject. 3. To 
annul ; to vacate. — To set abi'oach, to spread. — To set 
a-going, to cause to begin to move. — To set by. 1. To 


set apart or on one side ; to reject. 2. To esteem ; to re- 
gard ; to value. — To set down. 1. To place upon the 
ground or floor. 2. To enter in writing ; to register. 3. 
To explain or relate in writing. 4. To fix on a resolve ; 
[Z. M.] 5. To fix ; to establish ; to ordain. — To set forth. 

, 1. To manifest ; to offer or present to view. Rom. iii. 2. 
To publish ; to promulgate ; to make appear. 3. To send 
out; to prepare and send; [oZ;s.] 4. To display ; to ex- 
hibit; to present to view; to show. — To set forward, to 
advance; to move on; also, to promote. — To set in, to 
put in the way to begin. — To set off. 1. To adorn ; to 
decorate ; to embellish. 2. To give a pompous or flatter- 
ing description of ; to eulogize ; to recommend. 3. To 
place against as an equivalent. 4. To separate or assign 
for a particular purpose. — To set on ox upon. 1. To in- 
cite ; to instigate ; to animate to action. 2. To assault or 
attack; seldom used transitively, but the passive form is 
often used. 3. To employ, as in a task. 4. To fix the 
attention ; to determine to any thing with settled purpose. 
— To set out. 1. To assign ; to allot. 2. To publish. 3. 
To mark by boundaries or distinctions of space. 4. To 
adorn ; to embellish. 5. To raise, equip and send forth ; 
to furnish ; [Z. rt.] 6. To show ; to display ; to recom- 
mend ; to set ofl‘. 7. To show ; to prove ; [Z. u.] — 8. In 
laic, to recite ; to state at large. — To set up. 1. I'o erect. 
2. 9’o begin a new institution ; to institute ; to establish ; 
to found. 3. To enable to commence a new business. 

4. To raise ; to exalt ; to put in power. 5. To place in 
view. 6. To raise ; to utter loudly. 7. To advance ; to 
propose as truth or for reception. 8. To raise from de- 
pression or to a sufficient fortune. — 9. In seamen’s lan- 
guage, to extend, as the shrouds, stays, &c. — To set at 
7taM^Ztt, to undervalue ; to contemn ; to despise. — To set 
in order, to adjust or arrange ; to reduce to method. — To 
set eyes on, to see ; to behold ; to fasten the eyes on. — To 
set the teeth on edge, to affect the teeth with a painful sen- 
sation. — To set over. 1. To appoint or constitute. 2. To 
assign ; to transfer; to convey. — To set right, to correct; 
to put in order. — To set at case, to quiet ; to tranquilize. — 
To set free, to release from confinement, imprisonment or 
bondage ; to liberate ; to emancipate. — To set at work, to 
cause to enter on work or action ; or to direct how to en- 
ter on work. — To set on fire, to communicate fire to ; to in- 
flame ; and, figuratively, to enkindle the passions ; to 
make to rage ; to irritate. — To set before, to offer; to pro- 
pose ; to present to view. 

SET, V. i. 1 . To decline ; to go down ; to pass below the 
horizon. 2. To be fixed hard ; to be close or firm. 3. To 
fit music to words. 4. To congeal or concrete. 5. To 
begin a journey ; [oZ>s.] 6. To plant. 7. To flow ; to 

have a certain direction in motion. 8. To catch birds 
with a dog that sets them, that is, one that lies down and 
points them out, and with a large net. — To set one’s self 
about, to begin ; to enter upon ; to take the first steps. — 
To set one’s self, to apply one’s self. — To set about, to fall 
on ; to begin ; to take the first steps in a business or en- 
terprise. — To set in. 1 . To begin. 2. To become settled 
in a particular state. — To set forward, to move or march ; 
to begin to march ; to advance. — To set on or upon. I. 
To begin a journey or an enterprise. 2. To assault ; to 
make an attack. Shak. — To set out. 1. To begin a jour- 
ney or course. 2. To have a beginning. — To set to, to 
apply one’s self to. — To set up. 1. ’I’o begin business 
or a scheme of life. 2. To profess openly ; to make pre- 
tensions. 

SET, yp. 1. Placed ; put ; located ; fixed ; adjusted ; com- 
posed ; studded or adorned ; reduced, as a dislocated or 
broken bone. 2. a. Regular; uniform; formal; as, a set 
speecJi. 3. Fixed in opinion ; determined ; firm ; obsti- 
nate. 4. Established ; prescribed. 

SET, H. 1. A number or collection of things of the same 
kind and of similar form, which are ordinarily used to- 
gether. 2. A number of things fitted to be used together, 
though different in form. 3. A number of persons asso- 
ciated ; as, a set of men. 4. A number of particular things 
that are united in the formation of a whole. 5. A young 
plant for growth. 6. The descent of the sun or other lu- 
minary below the horizon. 7. A wager at dice. 8. A 
game. 

SE-Ta'CEOUS, a. [1^. 5cZa.] 1. Bristly; set with strong 
hairs ; consisting of strong hairs. — 2. In botany, bristle-shap- 
ed ; having the thickness and length of a bristle. — Setaceous 
worm, a name given to a water-worm that resembles a 
horse hair, vulgarly supposed to be an animated hair. 

SET'DOVVN, n. A powerful rebuke or reprehension. 

SET'-FOIL. See Sept-foil. 

Sk'TI-FORM, a. [L.srZfl, and/cr77i.] Having the form of a 
bristle. Joum. of Science. 

tSE9’'NESS, 77. Regulation; adjustment, blasters. 

SET'-OFF, n. [set and off.] The actof admitting one claim 
to counterbalance another. — In J\'’ew England, offset is 
sometimes used for set-off. 

Sk'TON, 77. [Fr.] In surgery, a few horse liairs or small 
threads, or a twist of silk, drawn through the skin by a 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, Zo7i^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; 


t Obsolete. 


SET 


745 


SEW 


large needle, by whicli a small opening is made and con- 
_tiiiued for the discharge of humors. 

Se'TOUS, a. [li. setoso i 1 j, setosus. 'I In botany^ bristly j 
having the surface set with bristles. Martyn. 

SET-TEE', n. 1. A long seat with a back to it. 2. A ves- 
sel witli one deck, and a very long, sharp prow, carrying 
two or three masts with latteen sails j used in the Mediter- 
ranean. 

SET'TER, n. 1. One that sets. 2. A dog that beats the 
field and starts birds for sportsmen. 3. A man that per- 
forms the ofiice of a setting-dog, or finds persons to be 
plundered. 4. One that adapts words to music in com- 
position. 5. Whatever sets off, adorns or recommends 3 
[065.] 

SET'TER-WoRT, n. A plant, a species of helleborus. 

SET'TING, ppr. Placing; putting; fixing; studding; ap- 
pointing ; sinking below the horizon, &c. 

SET'TING, n. 1. The act of putting, placing, fixing or 
establishing. 2. The act of sinking below the horizon. 

3. The act or manner of taking birds by a setting dog. 

4. Inclosure. 5. The direction of a current at sea. 

SET'TING-DOG, n. A setter ; a dog trained to find and 

start birds for sportsmen. 

SET'TLE, 71. [Sax. sell, settle G. sessel j D. zetel.] A seat 
or bench ; something to sit on. Dryden. 

SET'TLE, V. t. 1. To place in a permanent condition after 
wandering or fluctuation. 2. To fix ; to establish ; to 
make permanent in any place. 3. To establish in busi- 
ness or way of life. 4. To marry. 5. To establish ; to 
confirm. 6. To determine what is uncertain ; to estab- 
lish ; to free from doubt. 7. To fix ; to establish ; to 
make certain or permanent. 8. To fix or establish ; not 
to suffer to doubt or waver. 9. To make close or com- 
pact. 10. To cause to subside after being heaved and 
loosened by frost; or to dry and harden after rain. 11. 
To fix or establish by gift, grant or any legal act. 12. To 
fix firmly. 13. To cause to sink or subside, as extrane- 
ous matter in liquors. 14. To compose ; to tranquil ize 
what is disturbed. 15. To establish in the pastoral of- 
fice ; to ordain over a church and society, or parish. U. 
States, Boswell. 16. To plant with inhabitants; to colo- 
nize. 17. To adjust ; to close by amicable agreement or 
otherwise. 18. To adjust ; to liquidate ; to balance, or to 
pay. — To settle the land, among seamen, to cause it to sink 
or appear lower by receding from it. 

SET'TLE, v.i. 1. To fall to the bottom of liquor ; to sub- 
side ; to sink and rest on the bottom. 2. To lose motion 
or fermentation ; to deposit, as feces. 3. To fix one’s 
habitation or residence. 4. To marry and establish a do- 
mestic state. 5. 7’o become fixed after change or fluctu- 
ation. 6. To become stationary ; to quit a rambling or 
irregular course for a permanent or methodical one. 7. 
To become fixed or permanent ; to take a lasting form or 
state. 8. To rest ; to repose. 9. To become calm ; to 
cease from agitation. 10. To make a jointure for a wife. 
11. To sink by its weight ; and, in loose bodies, to become 
more compact. 12. I'o sink after being heaved, and to 
dry. 13. To be ordained or installed over a parish, church 
or congregation. 14. To adjust differences or accounts ; 
to come to an agreement. 

SET'TLED, pp. Placed ; established ; fixed ; determined ; 
composed ; adjusted. 

SET'TLED-NESS, n. The state of being settled ; confirm- 
ed state. \^LiUleused.'] K. Charles. 

SET'TLE-MENT, n. 1. The act of settling, or state of be- 
ing settled. 2. The falling of the foul or foreign matter 
of liquors to the bottom ; subsidence. 3. The matter 
that subsides; lees; dregs; [o/';.'?.] 4. The act of giving 

possession by legal sanction. 5. A jointure granted to a 
wife, or the act of granting it. 6. The act of taking a do- 
mestic state ; the act of marrying and going to house- 
keeping. 7. A becoming stationary, or taking a perma- 
nent residence after a roving course of life. 8. The act 
of planting or establishing, as a colony ; also, the place, 
or the colony established. 9. Adjustment; liquidation; 
the ascertainment of just claims, or payment of the bal- 
ance of an account. 10. Adjustment of differences ; pa- 
cification ; reconciliation. 11. The ordaining or install- 
ment of a clergyman over a parish or congregation. 12. 
A sum of money or other property granted to a minister 
on his ordination, exclusive of his salaiy. 13. Legal res- 
idence or establishment of a person in a particular parish 
or town. > 

SET^'nilNG, ppr. Placing; fixing; establishing; regulat- 
ing ; adjusting ; planting ; subsiding ; composing ; ordain- 
ing or installing. 

SET'TLING, n. 1. The act of making a settlement ; a 
planting or colonizing. 2. 77ie act of subsiding, as lees. 
3. The adjustment of differences. — 4. Settlings, plu. lees ; 
dregs ; sediment. 

PEl’-TtV, n. An argument ; a debate. Brochett. 

SET' WALL, 77. l^set and wall.'\ A plant. The garden sit- 
taall is a species of valeriana. 


SEV'EN, (sev'n) a. [Sax. seofa, seofan ; Goth, sibun / D. 
zeeven ; G. sieben ; L. septem.] Four and three ; one more 
than six or less than eight. 

SEV'EN-FoLD, a. [seven and fold.] Repeated seven times ; 
doubled seven times. 

SEV'EN-FoLD, ado. Seven times as much or often. 

SEV'EN-NIGHT, (sen'nit) n. [seveii and night.] A week j 
the period of seven days and nights. — Sevennight is now 
contracted into sennight, which see. 

SEV'EN-SGORE, n. [seven and score.] Seven times twen 
ty, that is, a hundred and forty. Bacon. 

SEV'EN-TEEN, a. [Sax. seofo^itync.] Seven and ten. 

SEV'EN-TEENTH, a. [from seventeen.] The ordinal of 
seventeen ; the seventh after the tenth. 

SEV'ENTII, a. [Sax. seofetha.] 1. The ordinal of seven ; 
the first after the sixth. 2. Containing or being one part 
in seven. 

SEV'ENl’H, n. 1. The seventh part ; one part in seven. — 

2. In music, a dissonant interval or heptachord. 

SEV'ENTH-LY, adv. In the seventh place. Bacon. 

SEV'EN-TI-ETH, a. [from severity.] The ordinal of sev- 
enty. 

SEV'EN-TY, a. [D. zeventig.] Seven times ten. 

SEV'EN-TY, 77. The Septuagint or seventy translators of 
the Old Testament into the Greek language. 

SEV'ER, 77. t. [Fr. sevrer; It. sevrare.] 1. To part or di- 
vide by violence ; to separate by cutting or rending. 2. 
To part from the rest by violence. 3. To separate ; to 
disjoin, as distinct things, but united. 4. To separate 
and put in different orders or places. 5. To disjoin; to 
disunite ; in a general sense, but usually implying vio- 
lence. 6. To keep distinct or apart. Ex. viii. — 7. in law, 
to disunite ; to disconnect ; to part possession. 

SEV'ER, 77. 7. 1. To make a separation or distinction ; to 
distinguish. 2. To suffer disjunction ; to be parted or 
rent asunder. Shak. 

SEV'ER-AL, a. [from secer.] 1. Separate; distinct; not 
common to two or more. 2. Separate ; different ; dis- 
tinct. 3. Divers; consisting of a number; more than 
two, but not very many. 4. Separate ; single ; particu- 
lar. 5. Distinct ; appropriate. 

SEV'ER-AL, 77. ]. Each particular, or a small number, 
singly taken. 2. An inclosed or separate place ; inclos- 
ed ground ; [o&s.] — In several, in a state of separation ; 
[little used.] 

t SEV-ER-AL'I-TY, n. Each particular singly taken ; dis- 
tinction. Bp.Hall. 

t SEV'ER-AL-lZE, 77. t. To distinguish. Bp. Hall. 

SEV'ER-AL-LY, adv. Separately ; distinctly ; apart from 
others. 

SEV'ER-AL-TY, n. A state of separation from the rest, or 
from all others. 

SEV'ER-ANCE, n. Separation ; the act of dividing or disu- 
niting. 

SE-VkRE', a. [Fr.; L. severus j It., Sp. severo.] 1. Rigid ; 
harsh ; not mild or indulgent. 2. Sharp ; hard ; rigorous. 

3. Very strict ; or sometimes, perhaps, unreasonably strict 
or exact ; giving no indulgence. 4. Rigorous, perhaps 
cruel. 5. Grave; sober; sedate to an extreme. 6. Rig- 
idly exact ; strictly methodical ; not lax or airy. 7. Sharp ; 
afflictive ; distressing ; violent. 8. Sharp ; biting ; ex- 
treme. 9. Close; concise; not luxuriant. 10. Exact; 
critical ; nice. 

SE-VeRE'LY, adv. 1. Harshly; sharply. 2. Strictly; 
rigorously. 3. With extreme rigor. 4. Painfully ; af- 
flictively ; greatly. 5. Fiercely ; ferociously. 

SEV'ER-ITE^, 77. A mineral found near St. Sever. 

SE-VER'I-TY, 77. [L. severitas.] 1. Harshness; rig'r ; 
austerity ; want of mildness or indulgence. 2. Rigor ; 
extrejne strictness. 3. Excessive rigor ; extreme degree 
or amount. 4. Extremity ; quality or power of distress- 
ing. 5. Extreme degree. 6. Extreme coldness or inclem- 
ency. 7. Harshness ; cruel treatment ; sharpness of pun- 
ishment. 8. Exactness ; rigor ; niceness. 9. Strictness ; 
risid accuracy. 

t SEV-O-Ca'TION, 77. [L. sevoco.] The act of calling 
aside._ 

SEV-Ru'GA, 77. A fish, the accipenser stcllatus. Tooke. 

t SEW, to follow. [See Sue.] Spenser. 

SEW, (so) V. t. [Sax. siunan, suwian ,• Goth, siuyan ; Sw. 
sy; Dan. sycr ; L. 5?70.] To unite or fasten together with 
a needle and thread.— To sew up, to inclose by sewing ; 
to inclose in any thing sewed. 

SEW, (so) 77. 7. To practice sewing ; to join things with 
stitcliGS* 

t SEW, (so) 77. t. [L. 57cce.] To drain a pond for taking the 
fish. 

SEWED, (sode) pp. Lmited by stitches. 

SEW'EL, 77. Among huntsmen, something hung up to pre- 
vent deer from entering a place. 

* SEW'ER, 77. [G. anzucht.] A drain or passage to 

convey off water under ground ; a subterraneous ca- 
nal, particularly in cities; corruptly pronounced shore or 
socr. 


* See Sjjnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BTJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


SHA 


746 


SHA 


f SEW'ER, (so^er) n. [D. schaffer ; G. schaffner.l An offi- 
cer who serves up a feast and arranges the dishes. 

SEW'ER, (s5'er) n. One who sews, or uses the needle. 

SEW'ING, (sohng) ppr. Joining with the needle or W'ith 
stitches. 

SEVV'I-TUDE, n. A term derived from the civil law, equiv- 
alent to easement in the common law. 

t SEW'STER, (so'ster) n. A woman that sows or spins. B. 
Jonson. 

SEX, n. [Fr. sexe ; Sp. sexo ; It. sesso ; L. 1. The 

distinction between male and female ; or that property or 
cliaracter by which an animal is male or female. 2. Bij 
way of emphasis, womankind ; females. 

SEX-A-GE-Na'R1-AN, n. A person who has arrived at the 
age of sixty years. Cowper. 

*SEX'A-GEN-A-RV, or SEX-AG'EN-A-RY, a. [Fr. seza- 
ffcnaire ; L. sexaaenarius^^ Designating the number six- 
ty 5 as a noun, a person sixty years of age j also, some- 
thing composed of sixty. 

SEX-A-GES'I-MA, 7». [h. sexa(resimu.s.] The second Sun- 
day before Lent, the next to Shrove-Sunday, so called as 
being about the 60th day before Easter. 

SEX-A-GES'I-MAL, a. Sixtieth ; pertaining to the number 
sixty. 

SEX-AN^GLED, ) a. [L. sex and angulus.] Having six 

SEX-AX^GU-LAR, \ angles ; hexagonal. 

SEX-AN'GU-LAR-LY, ado. With six angles ; hexagonally. 

SEX-DECH-MAL, a. [L. sex, and (lecem.'\ In crystalogra- 
phy, when a prism or the middle part of a crystal has six 
faces and two summits, and, taken together, ten faces, or 
the reverse. 

SEX-DU-O-DECT-MAL, a. [L. sex and duodecim.] In 
crystalography, designating a crystal when the prism or 
middle part has six faces and two summits, having togeth- 
er twelve faces. 

SEX-EN'N[-AL, a. [L. sex and C7i?ius.] Lasting six years, 
or happening once in six years. 

SEX-EN'NI-AIj-LY, ado. Once in six years. 

SEXrFlD, a. [L. scz and In /^otaa?/, six-cleft. 

SEX-LOG'LT-LAR, a. fL. sex and loculus.'] In botany, six- 
celled ; having six cells for seeds. 

SEX'TAfX, n. [L. sextans.] A stanza of six lines. 

SEX^TANT, V. [L. sextans.] 1. In mathematics, the sixth 
part of a circle. Hence, 2. An instrument formed like a 
quadrant, excepting that its limb comprehends only 60 
degrees, or the sixtii part of a circle. — 3. In astronomy, a 
constellation of the southern hemisphere. 

SEX'TA-RY, n. [L. sextarius.] A measure of a pint and a 
half. 

t SEX'TA-RY, or f SEX'TRY, n. The same as sacristan. 
Dirt. 

SEX'TiLE, n. [L. sextilis.] Denoting the aspect or po- 
sition of two planets, when distant from each other 60 de- 
grees. 

SEX'TOX, n. [contracted from sacristan.] An under officer 
of the chnr.ch, whose business is to take care of the ves- 
sels, vestments, &c. belonging to the church, to attend on 
the officiating clergynjan, and perform other duties per- 
taining to the church, to dig graves, &c. 

SEX'TOX-SHIP, n. The office of a sexton. Swift. 

SEX'TU-PLE, a. [Low L. sextupUis.] 1. Sixfold ; six times 
as much. — 2. In music, denoting a mixed sort of triple, 
beaten in double time, or a measure of two times compos- 
ed of six equal notes, three for each time. 

SEX'U-AL, a. 1. Pertaining to sex or the sexes; distin- 
gtiishiu" the sex ; denoting what is peculiar to the distinc- 
tion and office of male and female. — 2. Sexual system, in 
botany, the system which ascribes to vegetables the dis- 
tinction of sexes. 

SEX'H-AL-IST, n. One who believes and maintains the 
doctrine of sexes in plants. Milne. 

SEX-U-AL'I-TY, n. The state of being distinguished by 
sex. 

SHAB, V. i. To play mean tricks. — In some parts of JVew 
England, it signifies to reject or dismiss. [ lEulgar^] 

SHAR'BED, a. Mean ; shabby. A. Wood. 

SIIAB'BI-LY, ado. 1. Raggedly ; with rent or ragged 
clothes. 2. Meanly ; in a despicable manner. 

SflAB'BI-NESS, n. 1. Raggedness. 2. Meanness ; paltri- 

7iess. 

SIIAB'lW, a. [D. schahbig ; G. scbdbig.] L Ragged ; torn, 
or worn to rags. 2. Clothed with ragged garments. 3. 
Mean ; paltry ; despicable. 

SHACK, n. In ancient customs of England, a liberty of 
winter pasturage. Stock turned into the stubble after the 
harvest are said to be at shack. — In JVew England, shack 
is used in a somewliat similar sense for mast or the food 
of swine, and for feeding at large or in the forest. 

SHACK, V. i. 1. To shed, as corn at harvest; [local.] 
Grose. 2. To feed in stubble, or upon the waste corn of 
the field ; [local.] Pegge. 

SnAC'KLfi, n. Stubble. 

SHAC'KLE, V. t. [Sax. sceacul ; D. schakel.] 1. To chain ; 
to fetter ; to tie or confine the limbs so as to prevent free 


motion. 2. To bind or confine so as to obstruct or embar- 
rass action. 

SHAC'KLE, or SHAC'KLES, n. 1. Fetters, gyves, hand- 
cuffs. 2. That which obstructs or embarrasses free action. 

SHAC'KLED, pp. Tied ; confined ; embarrassed. 

SHACK'LING, ppr. Fettering; binding; confining. 

SHAD, 71. [G. schade,] A fish, a species of clupea. 

SH AD'DOCK, n. A variety of the orange, paynpelmoe. 

SHADE, 71 . [Sax. scad, scead, seed ; G. schatten.] 1. Lit- 
erally, the interception, cutting off or interruption of the 
rays of light; hence, the obscurity which is caused by 
such interception. Shade differs- from shadow, as it im- 
plies no particular form or definite limit ; w’hereas a shad- 
ow represents in form the object which intercepts the light. 

2. Darkness ; obscurity. 3. An obscure place, properly in 
a grove or close wood, which precludes the sun’s rays j 
and hence, a secluded retreat. 4. A screen ; something 
that intercepts light or heat. 5. Protection ; shelter. — 6 . 
In paintmg, the dark part of a picture. 7. Degree or gra- 
dation of light. 8 . A shadow ; [ 6 *ee Shadow.] Pope. 9. 
The soul, after its separation from the body ; so called be- 
caiise the ancients supposed it to be perceptible to the 
sight, not to the touch ; a spirit ; a ghost. Dryden. 

SHADE, V. t. [Sax. sceadan, gesceadan.] 1. To shelter or 
screen from light by intercepting its rays. 2. To over- 
spread with darkness or obscurity ; to obscure. 3. To 
shelter ; to hide. 4. To cover from injury ; to protect ; to 
screen. 5. To paint in obscure colors ; to darken. 6 . To 
mark with gradations of color. 7. To darken ; to ob- 
scure. 

SHaD'ED, pp. Defended from the rays of the sun; dark- 
ened. 

SHaD'ER, 7 ?. He or that which shades. 

SH a'DI-NESS, 7 J. I’lie state of being shady; umbrageous- 
ness. 

STIaD'IXG, ppr. Sheltering from the sun’s rays. 

SHAD'oW, V. [Sax. sradn, sceadn.] 1. Shade within de- 
fined limits ; obscurity or deprivation of light, apparent on 
a plane, and representing the fonn of the body which in- 
tercepts the rays of light. 2. Darkness ; shade ; obscurif)’. 

3. Shelter made by any tiling that intercepts the light, 

heat or influence of the air. 4. Obscure place ; secluded 
retreat ; [ 06 . 9 .] 5. Dark part of a picture ; t». A 

spirit ; a ghost ; [0/7.9.] — 1. In painting, the representation 
of a real shadow. 8 . An imperfect and faint representa- 
tion ; opposed to substance. 9. Insejiarable companioJi. 
10. Type ; mystical representation. 11. Protection ; shel- 
ter; favor. Lam. iv. 12. Slight or faint appearance. 
.James i. 

SHAD'oW, V. t. 1. To overspread with obscurity. 2. To 
cloud ; to darken. 3. To make cool ; to refresh by shade; 
or to shade. 4. To conceal ; to hide ; to screen. 5. 'Po 
protect ; to screen from danger ; to shroud. 6 . To mark 
with slight gradations of color or light. Locke. 7. To 
paint in obscure colors. 8 . To represent faintly or imper- 
fectly^ 9. To represent typically. 

SHAD'oWED, pp. Represented imperfectly or typically. 

SHAD'oW-GRASS, n. A kind of grass so called. 

SHAD'oW-ING, ppr. Representing by faint or imperfect 
resemblance. 

SIIAD'oAV-ING, 77 . Shade or gradation of light and color. 

SHAD'oW-Y, ff. [Sax. sread^oig.] 1. Full of shade ; dark ; 
gloomy. 2. Not brightly luminous ; faintly light. 3. 
Faintl)^ representative; t)’pical. 4. Unsubstantial; un- 
real. 5. Dark ; obscure ; opaque. 

f SHAD'oW-Y-NESS, n. State of being shadowy. 

SHa'DY, a. 1. Abounding with shade or shades ; overspread 
with shade. 2. Sheltered from the glare of light or sultry 
heat. 

[SHAF'FLE, z\ i. To hobble or limp. 

t SHAF'FLER, ?!. A hobbler ; one that limps. 

SHAFT, 77 . [Sax. sceaft ; D., G. schaft ; Sw., Dan. shaft.] 
1. An arrow ; a missile weapon. — 2. In mining, a pit, or 
long, narrow opening or entrance into a mine. — 3. In ar- 
chitecture, the shaft of a column is the body of it, between 
the base and the capital. 4. Any thing straight. 5. The 
stem or stock of a feather or quill. 6. The pole of a car- 
riage, sometimes called tongue or neap. 7. The handle 
of a weapon. 

SHAFT'ED, a. Having a handle ; a term, in heraldry, ap- 
plied to a spear-head. 

f SHAFT'MENT, n. [Sax. scceftmund.] A span, a measure 
of about six inches. Ray. 

SHAG, 77 . [Sax. sceAMga ; Dan. skiceg ; Sw. 5^‘ag‘g’.] 1. 

Coarse hair or nap, or rough, woolly hair. 2. A kind of 
cloth having a long, coarse nap. — 3. In ornithology, an 
aquatic fowl. 

SHAG, a. Hairy; shaggy. Shak. 

SHAG, V. t. 1. To make rough or hairy, f. Barloxc. 2. To 
make rough or shaggy ; to deform. Thomson. 

SHAG'GED, or SHAG'GY, a. 1. Rough with long hair or 
wool. 2. Roueh ; rugged. 

SHAG'GED-NESS, or SHAG'GI-NESS, 71 . The state of be- 
ing shaggy ; roughness with long, loose hair or wool. 


* See Synojxsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — | Obsolete. 


SHA 


747 


SHA 


SHA-GREEN', n. [Pers.] A kind of grained leather prepar- 
ed of the skin of a fisJi, a species of squalus. 
SHA-GREEN', a. Made of the leather called shagreen. 
SIIA-GREEN', for chagrin. See Chagrin. 

SHAH, n. A Persian word signifying king. Eton, 

SHaIK, SCHEICH, or SCHEICK, n. Among the Arabians 
and JMoorSj an old man j and hence, a chief, a lord, a man 
of eminence. 

f SHaIL, V. t. To walk sidewise. Estrange. 

SHAKE, V, t. ; pret. shook : pp. shaken. [Sax. sceacan ; Sw. 
skaka ; D. schukken.'\ 1. To cause to move with quick 
vibrations ; to move rapidly one way and the other ; to 
agitate. 2. To make to totter or tremble. 3. To cause to 
. ^ shiver. 4. To throw down by a violent motion. 5. To 
throw away j to drive off. 6. To move from firmness ; to 
weaken the stability of j to endanger ; to threaten to over- 
throw. 7. To cause to waver or doubt j to impair the res- 
^ olution of; to depress the courage of. 8. To trill. — To 
' shake hands ; sometimes, to unite with ; to agree or con- 
tract with ; inore generally, to take leave of, from the 
practice of shaking hands at meeting and parting. — To 
shake off, to drive off ; to throw off or down by violence. 
SHAKE, V. i. 1. To be agitated with a waving or vibratory 
motion. 2. To tremble ; to shiver ; to quake. 3. To totter. 
SHAKE, n. 1. Concussion ; a vacillating or wavering mo- 
tion ; a rapid motion one way and the other ; agitation. 
2. A trembling or shivering; agitation. 3. Amotion of 
hands clasped. — A. In music, a trill ; a rapid reiteration of 
two notes comprehending an interval not greater than one 
whole tone, nor less than a semitone. 

SHaK'EN, (sha'kn) pp. 1. Impelled with a vacillating mo- 
tion ; agitated. 2. a. Cracked or split. 

SHaK'ER, V. 1. A person or thing that shakes or agitates. 
Pope . — 2. In the United States, Shakers is the name given 
to a sect of Christians. 

SIIaK ING, ppr. 1. Impelling to a wavering motion ; caus- 
ing to vacillate or waver ; agitating. 2. Trembling ; shiv- 
ering ; quaking. 

SHaK ING, 71. 1. The act of shaking or agitating ; brandish- 
ing. Job xli. 2. Concussion. 3. A trembling or shivering. 
SHaK'Y, a. Cracked, as timber. Chambers. 

SMALL, ^ rshaL \ ; \)xet. should. [Sax. 

SEAL, i / \ scealan, scylan. Shall is defective, 

having no infinitive, imperative or participle.] 1. Shall 
is primarily in the present tense. We still use shall and 
should before another verb in the infinitive, without the 
sign to ; but the signification of shall is considerably de- 
flected from its primitive sense. It is now treated as a 
mere auxiliary to other verbs, serving to form some of the 
tenses. — In the present tense, shall, before a v'erb in the 
infinitive, forms the future tense ; but its force and effect 
are different with the different persons or personal pro- 
nouns. Thus, in the person, sAa/Z simply foretells or 
declares what will take place ; as, I or we shall ride to 
town on Monday.— 2. In the second and third perso 7 is, 
shall implies a promise, command or determination ; as, 
you shall receive your wages. — 3. Shall T go 1 shall he go 7 
interrogativehi, asks for permission or direction. Rut shall 
you go 7 asks for information of another’s intention. 4. But 
after another verb, shall, in the third person, simply fore- 
tells ; as, he says that he shall leave town to-morrow. 
So also in the second person ; as you say that youshall ride 
to-morrow. 5. After if, and some verbs which express 
condition or supposition, shall, in all the persons, simply 
foretells. — 8. Should, in the first person, iniy)lies a condi- 
tional event. 7. Should, though properly the past tense 
of shall, is often used to express a contingent future 
event ; as, if it should rain to-morrow, 
t SHALE, V. t. To peel. See Shell. 

SHALE, n. [G. schale.] 1. A shell or husk. — 2. In natural 
historif, a species of shist or shistous clay ; slate-clay. 
SHAIi-LOON', n. [said to be from Chalons, in France ; Sp. 

chaJeon.] A slight woolen stufl'. Swift. 

SHAL'LOP, n. [Fr. chaloupe ; Sp., Port, chalupa.] 1. A 
sort of large boat with two masts, and usually rigged like 
a schooner. 2. A small, light vessel. 

SHAL-LOT^, n. An eschalot, which see. 

SllAL'LoW, a. [from shoal; Sax. sceoL] 1. Not deep; 
having little depth ; shoal. 2. Not deep ; not entering far 
into the earth. 3. Not intellectually deep ; not profound ; 
not penetrating deeply into abstruse subjects ; superficial. 
4. Slight ; not deep. 

SH Ali'LoW, n. A shoal ; a shelf ; a flat ; a sand-bank ; any 
place vv^liere the water is not deep. Drydev. 

SHAIjTjOW, t. To make shallow. [L.?/..] Herbert. 
SHAL'LoW-BRaINED, a. Weak in intellect; foolish; 
empty-headed. South. 

SHAIj'LoW-LY, adr. 1. With little depth. 2. Superfi- 
cially ; simply ; not wisely. 

SH AL'LoAV-NESS, n. 1. Want of depth ; small depth. 2. 
Superficialness of intellect ; want of power to enter deeply 
into subjects ; emptiness ; silliness. 

I SMALM, or f SHAWM, n. [G. schalmeic.'] A kind of mu- 
sical pipe. Knolles. 


SHA-L5TE^, 71. The French echalote anglicized. 

SHALkSTONE, n. A mineral, tafelspath. 

SHALT. The second person singular of shall. 

SHA3I, 77. [W. 5707;i.] That which deceives expectation ; 
any trick, fraud or device that deludes and disappoints; 
delusion; imposture. [ATot an elegant word.'] Addison. 

SHAM, a. False ; counterfeit ; pretended ; as, a sham fight. 

SHAM, V. t. [W. siomi.] 1. To deceive expectation ; to 
trick ; to cheat : to delude with false protenses ; [not cZe- 
gnnt.] 2. To obtrude by fraud or imposition. 

SHAM, v.i. To make mocks. Prior. 

SHAM'AN, 77. In Russia, a wizard or conjurer. Encyc. 

SHAM'BLES, 71. [Sax. scaviel ; E. scamnuv}.] 1. The place 
where butcher’s meat is sold ; a flesh-market. — 2. In min- 
ing, a niche or shelf left at suitable distances to receive 

. the ore which is thrown from one to another, and thus 
raised to the top. 

SHAM'BLING, a. [from scamble, scambling.] Moving with 
an awkward, irregular, clumsy pace. Smith. 

SHAM'BLING, n. An awkward, clumsy, irregular pace or 
gait 

SHAME, 71. [Sax. scama, sceam, sceom ; G. scham.] 1. A 
painful sensation excited by a consciousness of guilt, or of 
having done something which injures reputation ; or by 
the exposure of that which nature or modesty prompts us 
to conceal. 2. The cause or reason of shame ; that which 
brings reproach, and degrades a person in the estimation 
of others. 3. Reproach ; ignominy ; derision ; contemjit. 
4. Tl’lie parts which modesty requires to be covered. 5 
Dishonor ; disgrace. Prov. ix. 

SHAME, V. t. 1. To make ashamed ; to excite a conscious- 
ness of guilt or of doing something derogatory to reputa- 
tion ; to cause to blush. 2. To disgrace. 3. To mock at 

SHAME, V. i. To be ashamed. 

SHaMED, pp. Made ashamed. 

SHaME'FaCED, a. Bashful ; easily confused or put out of 
countenance. 

SHaME'FaCED-LY, adv. Bashfully ; with excessive mod- 
esty. Woolton. 

SIIaME'FaCED-NESS, 77. Bashfulness; excess of modes- 
ty. Dry den. 

SHaME'FUL, a. [shame a.x\([ full.] 1. That brings shame 
or disgrace ; scandalous ; disgraceful ; injurious to reputa- 
tion. 2. Indecent ; raising shame in others. 

SHaME'FUL-LY, nf<Zu. 1. Disgracefully ; in a manner to 
bring reproach. 2. With indignity or indecency; in a 
manner that may cause shame. 

SHaME'FIJL-NESS, 71. Disgracefulness. Johnson. 

SHaME'LESS, a. [shame and Zess.] 1. Destitute of shame ; 
wanting modesty ; impudent ; brazen-faced ; immodest ; 
audacious ; insensible to disgrace. Pope. 2. Done with- 
out shame ; indicating want of shame. 

SIIaME'LESS-LY, adv. Without shame ; impudently. 
Hale. 

SHaME'LESS-NESS, 71. Destitution of shame ; want of 
sensibility to disgrace or dishonor ; impudence. 

SHaM'ER, 71. One who makes ashamed ; that which con- 
founds. 

SHaM'ING, ppr. Making ashamed ; causing to blush ; con- 
founding. 

. One that 
(sham 'my) 

wild goat. 2. A kind of leather prepared 
from the skin of the wild goat. 

SHAM'ROOK, 71. The Irish name for three-leafed grass. 

SHANK, 77. [8ax. scanc, sceanc ; Bw. skank.] 1. The 

whole'joint from the knee to the ankle. 2. The tibia or 
large bone of the leg. 3. The long part of an instrument. 
4. A plant. 

SHANKED, a. Having a shank. 

SHANK'ER, 77. [from Fr. chancre.] A malignant ulcer, 
usually occasioned by some venereal complaint. 

SH ANK'-PaINT-ER, 71. With seamen, a short rope and 
chain which sustain the shank and flukes of an anchor 
against the ship’s side. 

SHAN'SORIT, 77. The Sanscrit, or ancient language of 
llindostan. See Sanscrit. 

STI AN'TY, for janty, gay ; showy. [ATiZ in use, or local.] 

SHAPE, V. t. ; pret. shaped ; pp. shaped, or shapen. [Bax. 
sceapian, sceppan, scipan, or scyppan ; D. scheppen, schaf- 
fen.] 1. To form or create. 2. To mold or make into a 
particular form ; to give form or figure to. 3. To mold ; 
to cast ; to regulate ; to adjust ; to adapt to a purpose. 4. 
To direct. 5. To image ; to conceive. 

BHAPE, V. i. To square ; to suit ; to be adjusted. 

SHAPE, 77 . 1. Form or figure as constituted by lines and 
angles. 2. External appearance. 3. The form of the 
trunk of tiie human body. 4. A being as endowed with 
form. 5. Idea; pattern. 6. Form. 7. Manner. 

shaped, or SHaP'EN, pp. Formed; molded; cast; con- 
ceived. 

SHaPE'LESS, a. Destitute of regular form ; wanting sym- 
metry of dimensions. Shak. 


SHAM'MER, 71 
^SHAM'OIS, Z 
SHAM'MY, \ 
A snecies of 


shams ; an impostor, 
j 71. [Fr. chamois ; It. camotza ; 
) gamuta ; Port, ^cwo.] 1. 


* Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BULL, UNITE. — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


SHA 


748 


SHE 


SHaPE'LESS-NESS, n. Destitution of regular form. 

SHaPE'LI-NESSj [from shapely.] Beauty or proportion 
of form. [Little wsetZ.J 

SHaPE'LY, a. [from shape.] Well-formed ; having a reg- 
ular shape ; symmetrical. Warton. 

SHAPE'SMiTH, 71. One that undertakes to improve the 
form of the body. [In burlesque.] 

SHaP'INO, ppr. Forming; molding; casting; conceiving; 
giving form. 

SHARD, n. [Sax. sceard.] 1. A piece or fragment of an 
errthen vessel or of any brittle substance ; [oi>5.] 2. The 
saell of an egg or of a snail. 3. A plant ; [c/tard.] 4. A 
frith or strait. 5. A gap. 6. A fish. 

SHARD' BORN, a. [shard and born.] Born or produced 
among fragments, or in crevices. Shak. 

SHARD'ED, a. Having wings sheathed with a hard case. 
Inhabiting shards. 

SHARE, n. [Sax. scear, sceara.] 1. A part ; a portion ; a 
quantity. 2. A part or portion of a thing owned by a 
number in common. 3. The part of a thing allotted or 
distributed to each individual of a number ; dividend ; 
separate portion. 4. A part belonging to one ; portion 
possessed. 5. A part contributed. 6. The broad iron or 
blade of a plough which cuts the ground ; or furrow-slice. 
— To go shares, to partake ; to be equally concerned. 

SHARE, V. t. [Sax. scearan, scyran.] 1. To divide ; to part 
among two or more. 2. To partake or enjoy with others ; 
to seize and possess jointly or in common. 3. To cut ; to 
shear ; [ois.] 

SHARE, V. i. To have part. Locke. 

SHaRE'-BONE, n. The ossa pubis. Derham. 

SHARED, pp. Held or enjoyed with another or others; 
divided ; distributed in shares. 

SHaRE'HoLD-ER, n. [share and holder.] One that holds 
or owns a share in a joint fund or property. J\Ied. Repos. 

SHaR'ER, n. A partaker ; one that participates anything 
with another ; one who enjoys or suffers in common with 
anotlier or otliers. 

SHaR'INO, ppr. Partaking ; having a part with another ; 
enjoying or suffering with others. 

SHaR'ING, 11 . Participation. 

SHARK, 71. [L. carcharias.] 1. A voracious fish of the 
genus squalus, of several species. 2. A greedy, artful fel- 
low ; one who fills his pockets by sly tricks ; [low.] 3. 
Trick ; fraud ; petty rapine ; [Z. 77.] — 4. In J^ew England, 
one that lives by shifts, contrivance or stratagem. 

SHARK, v.t. To pick up hastily, slily or in small quanti- 
ties. [Low.] Shak. 

SIIAlvK, V. i. ]. To play the petty thief ; or rather to live 
by shifts and petty stratagems. [In J^'ew England the 
common pronunciation is shark.] 2. To cheat ; to trick ; 
[Zo773.] 3. To fawn upon for a dinner ; to beg. — To shark 

out, to slip out or escape by low artifices ; [vulgar.] 

SHARK'ER, 71. One that lives by sharking ; an artful fel- 
low. Wotton. 

SHARK'ING, ppr. Picking up in haste ; living by petty rap- 
ine, or by shifts and devices. 

SHARK'ING, 77. 1. Petty rapine ; trick. Westfield. 2. The 
seeking of a livelihood by shifts and devices. 

SHARP, a. [Sax. scearp ; D. scherp ; G. scharf ; Dan., Sw. 
skarp.] 1. Having a very thin edge or fine point ; keen ; 
acute ; not blunt. 2. Terminating in a point or edge ; not 
obtuse. 3. Forming an acute or too small angle at the 
ridge. 4. Acute of mind ; quick to discern or distinguish ; 
penetrating; ready at invention; witty; ingenious. 5. 
Being of quick or nice perception ; applied to the senses 
or organs of j)erception. fi. Affecting the organs of taste 
like fine points ; sour ; acid. 7. Affecting the organs of 
hearing like sharp points; piercing; penetrating; shrill. 
8. Severe ; harsh ; biting ; sarcastic. 9. Severely rigid ; 
quick or severe in punisliing; cruel. 10. Eager for food ; 
keen. 11. Eager in pursuit; keen in quest. 12. Fierce; 
ardent ; fiery ; violent. 13. Keen ; severe ; pungent. 
14. Very painful or distressing. 15. Very attentive or 
vigilant. 16. Making nice calculations of profit ; or close 
and exact in making bargains or demanding dues. 17. 
Biting; pinching; piercing. 18. Subtil; nice; witty; 
acute. — 19. Among workmen, hard. 20. Emaciated ; lean ; 
thin. — To brace sharp, in seamanship, to turn the yards to 
the most oblique position possible, that the ship may lay 
well up to the wind. 

SHARP, 77. 1. In music, an acute sound. 2. A note artifi- 
cially raised a semitone ; or, 3. The clnaracter which 
directs the note to be thus elevated. 4. A pointed weap- 
on ; [7)Z>5.] 

SHARP, V. t. 1. To make keen or acute. 2. To render 
quick. . 3. To mark with a sharp, in musical composition ; 
or to raise a note a semitone. 

SHARP, V. i. To play tricks in bargaining ; to act the 
sharper. 

SHARP'-EDGED, a. Having a fine, keen edge. 

SHARP'EN, (shiirp'n) v. t. [G. sch'drfen ; D. sche^pen; Sw. 
skarpa.] 1. I’o make sharp ; to give a keen edge or fine 
point to a thing ; to edge ; to point. 2. To make more 


eager or active. 3. To make more pungent and painful. 
4. To make more quick, acute or ingenious. 5. To ren- 
der perception more quick or acute. 6. To render more 
keen ; to make more eager for food or for any gatification 
7. To make biting, sarcastic or severe. 8. To render less 
flat, or more shrill or piercing. 9. To make more tart or 
acid ; to make sour. 10. To make more distressing. — 11. 
In music, to raise a sound by means of a sharp. Prof. 
Fisher. 

SHARP'EN, V. i. To grow or become sharp. Shak. 

SHARP'ER, 77. A shrewd man in making bargains ; a 
tricking fellow ; a cheat in bargaining or gaming. 

SHARP'LY, adv. 1. With a keen edge or a fine ix)int. 2. 
Severely; rigorously; roughly. 3. Keenly; acutely; 
vigorously. 4. Violently; vehemently. 5. With keen 
perception ; exactly ; minutely. G . Acutely ; wittily ; 
with nice discernment. 

SHARP'NESS, 77. 1. Keenness of an edge or point. 2. Not 
obtuseness. 3. Pungency ; acidity. 4. Pungency of 
pain ; keenness ; severity of pain or affliction. 5. Pain- 
fulness ; afflictiveness. 6. Severity of language ; pun- 
gency ; satirical sarcasm. Dryden. 7. Acuteness of in- 
tellect ; the power of nice discernment ; quickness of un- 
derstanding ; ingenuity. 8. Uuickness of sense or per- 
ception. 9. Keenness ; severity. 

SHARP'-SET, a. 1. Eager in appetite; affected by keen 
hunger; ravenous. 2. Eager in desire of gratification. 

SIIARP'-SHOOT-ER, n. One skilled in shooting at an 
object with exactness ; one skilled in the use of the rifle. 

SHARP'-SlGHT-ED, a. 1. Having quick or acute sight. 

2. Having quick discernment or acute understanding. 

SHARP'-ViS-AGED, a. Having a sharp or thin face. 

SHARP'-WIT-TED, a. Having an acute or nicely discern- 
ing mind. Wotton. 

SHA8H. See Sash. 

SHAS'TER, 77. Among the Hindoos, a sacred book contam- 
ing the dogmas of the religion of the Bramins. 

SHAT'TER, V. t. [D. sekateren.] 1. To break at once into 
many pieces ; to dash, burst, rend or part by violence into 
fragmenfs. 2. To rend ; to crack ; to split ; to rive into 
splinters. 3. To dissipate ; to make incapable of close 
and continued application. 4. To disorder; to derange ; 
to render delirious. 

SHAT'TER, V. i. To be broken into fragments ; to fall or 
crumble to pieces by any force applied. 

SHAT'TER-BRaINED, or SHAT'TER-PaT-ED, a. 1. 
Disordered or wandering in intellect. 2. Heedless ; wild; 
not consistent. 

SHAT'TERED, pp. Broken or dashed to pieces ; rent. 

SHAT'TER-ING, ppr. Dashing or breaking to pieces. 

SHAT'TER S, n.plu. The fragments of any thing forcibly 
rent or broken. Swift. 

SHAT'TER- V, a. Brittle ; easily falling into many pieces; 
not compact ; loose of texture. 

SHAVE, V. t. ; pret. shaved ; pp. shaved, or shaven. [Sax. 
sceafan, scafan : D. schaaven ; G. schaben ; Dan. skaver.] 
1. I’c cut or pare off something from the surface of a body 
by a razor or other edged instrument. 2. To shave ofir, to 
cut off. 3. To pare close. 4. To cut off thin slices ; or to 
cut in thin slices. 5. To skim along the surface or near 
it ; to sweep along. 6. To strip ; to oppress by extortion ; 
to fleece. 7. To make smooth by paring or cutting off 
slices. — To shave a note, to purchase it at a great discount, 
a discount much beyond the legal rate of interest ; [a low 
phrase.] 

SHAVE, 77. [Sw. skaf ; G.schabe; scafa, sceafa.] An 
instrument with a long blade and a handle at each end 
for shaving hoops, &c. 

SHAVED, pp. Pared ; made smooth with a razor or other 
cutting instrument ; fleeced. 

SHaVE'-GRASS, 77. A plant of the genus equisetum. 

SHaVE'LING, 77. A man shaved ; a friar or religious; in 
contempt. Spenser. 

SHaV'ER, 77. 1. One that shaves or whose occupation is to 
shave. 2. One that is close in bargains or a sharp dealer. 

3. Qne that fleeces ; a pillager ; a plunderer. 

SHaV'ER, 77. [Gipsey, tjjc/taie, or Zsc/7a?co.] A boy or young 

man. This word is still in common use in JVew England. 

SIIAV'ING, ppr. Paring the surface with a razor orother 
sharp instrument ; making smooth by paring ; fleecing. 

SHaV'ING, 77. 1. Tlie act of paring the surface. 2. A tliin 
slice pared off. 

SHAW, 77. [Sax. scua, seuwa ; Sw. skugga ; Dan. skove.] 
A thicket ; a small wood. [Local in England.] 

SHAW'-FOWL, 77. [.<fAa?£> and /mrZ.] The representation 
or image of a fowl made by fowlers to shoot at. 

SHAWL, 77. A cloth of wool, cotton, silk or hair, used by 
females as a loose covering for the neck and shoulders. 

t SHAWM, n. [G. schalmcie.] A hautboy or cornet; w'rit- 
ten, also, shalm. Com. Prayer. 

SHE, pronoun personal of the feminine gender. [Sax. sco ; 
Goth, si; D. zy ; G. sie.] 1. A pronoun which is the sub- 
stitute for the name of a female, and of the feminine gen- 
der ; the word which refei-s to a female mentioned in the 


* See Synopsis. A, IZ, I, O, U, V, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — | Obsolete. 


SHE 


749 


SHE 


preceding or following part of a sentence or discourse. 

2. She is soinetiines used as a noun for woman or female, 
and in the plural ; but in contempt or in ludicrous language. 

3. She is used also in composition for female, representing 
s^x ; as, a she-hear. 

SIlJlAD'lNCi, n. [G. scheiden j Snx. sceadan.] In the isle 
of Man, a riding, tithing or division. 

SIIkAF, n. ; pin. ISheaves. [Sax. sceaf,- D. schoof] 1. A 
quantity of the stalks of wheat, rye, oats or barley bound 
together ; a bundle of stalks or straw. 2. Any bundle or 
collection. 

SHkAF, V. t. To collect and bind ; to make sheaves. Shak. 

fSHEAL. To shell. Shak. 

shear, V. t. ; pret. sheared ; pp. sheared, or shorn. The 
old pret. shore is entirely obsolete. [Sax. scearan, scyran, 
sciran ; G. scheren.] J. To cut or clip something from the 
surface with an instrument of two blades. 2. To separate 
by shears. 3. To reap 5 [oZ»s.] Gower. 

shear, V. i. To deviate. See Sheer. 

SHeAR'BILL, n. A fowl, the black skimmer. 

SHEARD, n. A shard. See Shard. 

sheared, pp. Clipped ; deprived of wool, hair or nap. 

SHeAR'ER, n. One that shears. Milton. 

SHeAR'M/VN, n. One ^ whose occupation is to shear 
cloth. 

shears, 71. pin. [from the verb.] 1. An instrument con- 
sisting of two blades with a bevel edge, movable on a pin, 
used for cutting cloth and other substances. 2. Something 
in the form of the blades of shears. 3. Wings; [t»i!>6'. 

4. An engine for raising heavy weights ; [see Sheers.’ 

5. The denomination of the age of sheep from the cutting 
of the teeth ; [local.] 

SHeAR -WWTER, ?i. A fowl. Jlinsworth. A species of 
j)etrel. Tiie cut-water. Bartram. 

SHeAT. See Sheet. 

SHeATz-FISH, n. [G.scheidc.] A fish. 

SHeATH, ??. [Snx. secath, sccethe ^ G.scheide; D.scheede.] 

1. A case for the reception of a sword or other long and 
slender instrument ; a scabbard. — 2. In botany, a mem- 
brane investing a stem or branch, as in grasses. 3. 
Any thin covering for defense ; the wing-case of an 
ii^ect. 

SHeATH, )v.t. 1. To put into a case or scabbard. 2. 

SHeATHE, ) To inclose or cover with a sheath or case. 
3. To cover or line. 4. To obtund or blunt, as acrimo- 
nious or sharp particles. 5. To fit with a sheath. Shak. 

6. To case or cover with boards or with sheets of copper. 
— To sheathe the sword, a figurative phrase, to put an end 
to war or enmity ; to make peace. 

SHEATHED, pp. 1. Put in a sheath ; inclosed or covered 
with a case ; covered ; lined ; invested with a membrane. 
■—2. a. In botany, vaginate ; invested by a sheath. 

SHeATH'ING, ppr. Putting in a sheath ; inclosing in a 
case ; covering ; lining ; investing with a membrane. 

SIIEATHZING, 71 . The casing or covering of a ship’s bot- 
tojn and sides ; or the materials for such covering. 

SHeATH'LESS, a. Without a sheath or case for covering ; 
unsheathed. Percy's Masque. 

SHeATH'-WINGED, a. [sheath and wing.] Having cases 
for covering the wings. Broic7i. 

SHeATH'Y, a. Forming a sheath or case. B7-ow7i. 

SHeAVE, 71. In seaynen's la7iguage, a wheel on which the 
rope works in a block. 

t SHeAVE, V. t. To bring together ; to collect. 

t SHeAVED, a. Made of straw. Shak. 

SHeAVE'-HOLE, n. A channel cut in a mast, yard or 
other timber, in which to fix a sheave. Mar. Diet. 

t SHE€K'LA-T0N, 11 . [Fr. ciclato7i.] A kind of gilt 
leather. 

SHED, V. t. ; pret. and pp. shed. [Sax. scedayi.] 1. To pour 
out ; to effuse ; to spill ; to suffer to flow out. 2. To let 
fall ; to cast. 3. To scatter ; to emit ; to throw off ; to 
diffuse. 

SHED, V. i. To let fall its parts. Mortimer. 

SHED, 71 . [Sax. 6'ced ,• f>\v. skijdd.] 1. A slight building ; a 
covering of timber and boards, &c. for shelter against rain 
and the inclemencies of weather ; a poor house or hovel. 
— 2. In coynposition, effusion ; as in blood-s/red. 

SHED, V. t. To keep off ; to prevent from entering. 

SIIED'DER, 71. One that sheds or causes to flow out. 

SHEDDING, ppr. Effusing; causing to flow out; letting 
fall ; casting ; throwing off ; sending out ; diffusing. 

SHEEN, or SHEEN'Y, a. [Sax. sceyie, seen.] Bright ; glit- 
tering; showy. Fairfax. 

SHEEN, 71. Brightness ; splendor. Milton. 

SHEEP, 71 . sbig. and plu. [Sax. sceap, seep ; G. schaf; D. 
schaap.] 1. An animal of the genus ovis. 2. In co7iteynpt, 
a silly fellow. 3. Figuratively, God’s people are called 
site €p • 

t SIIEEP'-BITE, V. t. To practice petty thefts. 

t SIIEEP'-BiT-ER, n. One who practices petty thefts. 

SHEEP'OOT, 71. A small inclosure for sheep; a pen. 

SHEEP'FoLD, n. [sheep and fold.] A place where sheep 
are collected or confined. Prior. 


SHEEPfHOOK, «. A hook fastened to a pole, by which 
shepherds lay hold on the legs of their sheep. 

SHEEPHSH, a. 1. Like a sheep ; bashful ; timorous to 
excess ; over-modest ; meanly diffident. 2. Pertaining to 
sllG<?p# 

SHEEPTSH-LY, adv. Bashfully; with mean timidity. 

SHEEPTSH-NESS, 71, Bashfulness ; excessive modesty or 
diffidence ; mean tiinorousness. Herbert. 

SHEEPZ-MAR-KET, 71. A place where sheep are sold. 

SHEEP'-MaS-TER, 71. [sheep and 7yiaster.] A feeder of 
sheep ; one that has the care of sheep. 

SHEEP’S'-EyE, 71. [sheep and eye.] A modest, diffident 
look, such as lovers cast at their mistresses. Drydcn. 

SHEEPz_giiAj\jI{^^ Among seayyien, a knot in a rope 
made to shorten it, as on a runner or tie. Mar. Diet. 

SHEEP’S'-HEAD, 71. [sheep and head.] A fish caught on 
the shores of Connecticut and of Long Island. 

SHEEP'-SHkAR-ER, 71. One that shears sheep. 

SHEEP'-SHkAR-ING, 71. 1. The act of shearing sheep. 

2. The time of shearing sheep ; also, a feast made on that 
occasion. 

SHEEPZ-SKIN, n. The skin of a sheep ; or leather pre- 
pared froin it. 

SHEERZ-STkAL-ER, 71. [sheep and steal.] One that steals 
sheep. 

SHEEP'-STkAL-ING, 71. The act of stealing sheep. 

SHEEP'-WALK, 71. [s/rcep and TCttZ/c.] Pasture for slieep; 
a place where sheep feed. Milto7i. 

SHEER, a. [Sax. scir, sc 7 jr G.schier; Dan. .sAicr.] L 
Pure ; clear ; separate from any thing foreign ; unmingled. 
Shak. 2. Clear; thin. 

I SHEER, ado. Clean ; quite ; at once. Milt07i. 

f SHEER, V. t. To shear. Dy-yden. 

SHEER, V. i. 1. In seayneyi's language, to decVme or de- 
viate from the line of the proper course, as a ship when 
not steered with steadiness. 2. To slip or move aside. — 
To sheer off, to turn or move aside to a distance. — To 
sheer tip, to turn and approacli to a place or ship. 

SHEER, 71. J. The longitudinal curve or bend of a ship’s 
deck or sides. 2. The position in which a ship is some- 
times kept at single anchor, to keep her clear of it. 

SHEER'-HULK, ?i. An old ship of war, fitted with sheers 
or apparatus to fix or take out the masts of other ships. 

[ SHEER'LY, adv. At once ; quite ; absolutely. 

SHEERS, 71. plu. An engine consisting of two or more 
pieces of timber or poles, fastened together near the top; 
used for raising heavy weights. 

SHEET, 71. [Sax. sceat, sceta, scyta ,• L. scheda.] 1. A 
broad piece of cloth used as a part of bed-furniture. 2. A 
broad piece of paper as it comes from the manufacturer. 

3. A piece of paper printed, folded and bound, or formed 
into a book. 4. Any thing expanded. — 5. Sheets, plu. a 
book or pamphlet. 6. A sail. 

SHEET, 71. [Fr. ecoyite ; Sp., Port, escota.] In yiautical lan- 
guage, a rope fastened to one or both the lower corners of 
a sail to extend and retain it in a particular situation. 

SHEET, v.t. L To furnish with sheets; [Z. a.] 2. To 
fold in a sheet ; [Z. a.] 3. To cover as with a sheet ; to 

cover with something broad and thin. 

SHEET'-AN-€H0R, 71. 1. The largest anchor of a ship. 
2. The chief support ; the last refuge for safety. 

SHEET'-COP-PER, 71. Copper in broad, thin plates. 

SHEET'ING, 71. Cloth for sheets. 

SHEET'-iR-ON, 71. Iron in sheets or broad, thin plates. 

SHEETZ-LEAD, n. Lead in sheets. 

SHEIK, 71. In Egypt, a person who has the care of a 
mosque; a kind of priest. Eyicyc. 

SHEK'EL, 71. [Heb.] An ancient weight and coin among 
the Jews and other nations of the same stock. 

SHELD, a. Speckled. 

SHELD'A-FLE, \ 71. A chaffinch. This word is also writ- 

SHELDZA-PLE, \ ten shell-apple. 

SHEL^DRaKE, 71. An aquatic fowl of the duck kind. 

SHEIVDIJCK, 71. A species of wild duck. Mortbner. 

SHELF, 71. ; plu. Shelves. [Sax. scylf.] 1. A platform of 
boards or planks, elevated above the floor, and fixed or 
set on a frame, or contiguous to a wall , for holding vessels, 
utensils, books and the like. 2. A sand-bank in the sea, 
or a rock or ledge of rocks. — 3. In mivhig, fast ground ; 
that part of the internal structure of the earth which lies 
in an even, regular form. 

SHELFZY, a. 1. Full of shelves; abounding with sand- 
banks or rocks. 2. Hard ; firm ; [0Z15.] 

SHELL, 71. [Sax. scyl, scyjll, scell.] ]. The hard or stony 
covering of certain fruits and of certain animals. 2. The 
outer coat of an egg. 3. The outer part of a house unfin- 
ished. 4. An instrument of music, like testudo in Latin. 
5. Outer or superficial part. 6. A bomb. — Fossil shells, 
shells dug from the earth. 

SHELL, V. t. 1. To strip or break off the shell ; or to take 
out of the shell. 2. To separate from the ear. 

SHELL, V. i. 1. To fall off, as a shell, crust or exterior 
coat. 2. To cast the shell or exterior covering. 3, To be 
disengaged from the husk. 


* See Syjnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, B6VE BIILL, UNITE. — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


SHI 


750 


SHI 


SHELLED, pp. Deprived of the shell ; also, separated 
from the ear. 

SHELL'-FISH, n. An aquatic animal whose external cov- 
ering consists of a sliell, crustaceous or testaceous. 

SHELL'ING, ppr. 1. Taking off the shell j casting the cov- 
ering. 2. J^eparating from the ear. 

SHELL'-MeAT, n. Food consisting of shell-fish. 

SHELL'-WoRK, n. Work composed of shells, or adorned 
with them. Cotgrave. 

SHELL V, a. 1. Abounding with shells. 2. Consisting of 
shells. 


SHEL'TER, n. [Sw. skyla; Dan. skiul.'] 1. That which 
covers or defends from injury or annoyance. 2. The state 
of being covered and protected ; protection ; security. 
3. He that defends or guards from danger j a protector. 
Ps. Ixi. 


SHEL'TER, V. t. 1. To cover from violence, injury, annoy- 
ance or attack. 2. To defend ; to protect from danger ; 
to secure or render safe j to harbor. 3. To betake to 
cover or a safe place. 4. To cover from notice j to dis- 
guise for protection. 

SllEL TER, V. i. To take shelter. Milton. 

SHEL'TERED, pp. Covered from injury or annoyance; 
defended; protected. 

SHEL TER-ING, ppr. Covering from injury or annoyance ; 
protecting. 

SHEL'TER-LESS, a. Destitute of shelter or protection ; 
without home or refuge. Rowe. 

SHEL'TER-Y, a. Affording shelter. [Little used.] White. 

SHEL 7TE, n. A small but strong horse in Scotland. 

t SHELVE, (shelv) v. t. To place on a shelf or on shelves. 

SHELVE, (shelv) v. i. [Sax. scylfan.] To incline; to be 
sloping. 

SHELVING, ppr. or a. Inclining; sloping; having de- 
clivity. 

SHELV'V, a. Full of rocks or sand banks ; shallow. 

SHE-MaT'1€, a. Pertaining to Shem, the son of Noah. 
— The Shcinitic languages are the Chaldee, Syriac, Arabic, 
Hebrew, Samaritan, Ethiopic and Old Phenician. 

fSHEND, V. t.; pret. and pp. shent. [Sax. scendan ; D. 
schcnden,] 1. To injure, mar or spoil. 2. To blame, re- 
proach, revile, degrade, disgrace. 3. To overpower or 
surpass. Spenser. 

SHENT, pp. Injured. [Obsolete^ unless in poetry.] 

SHEP HERD, (shepherd) n. [Sax. sceap-heard or hyrd.] 1. 
A man employed in tending, feeding and guaiding sheep 
in the pasture. 2. A swain ; a rural lover. 3. The pastor 
of a parish, church or congregation. — God and Christ are, 
in Scripture, denominated Shepherds, as they lead, pro- 
tect and govern their people, and provide for their wel- 
fare. 

SHEPTIERD-ESS, n. A woman that tends sheep; hence, 
a rural lass. Sidney. 

SH EP'HERD-ISH, a. Resembling a shepherd; suiting a 
shepherd ; pastoral ; rustic. Sidney. 

SHEP HERD-LY, ff. Pastoral; rustic. Taylor. 

SHEP'HERD’S NEE-DLE, n. A plant of the genus scan- 
di.x ; Venus’s comb. 


SHEP'HERD’S POUCH, or SHEPHERD’S PURSE, n. A 
plant of the genus thlaspi. 

SHEPHERD’S ROD, n. A plant ; teasel. 

SHEP'HERD’S STAFF, n. A plant. 

’''SHER'BET, n. [Pers.] A drink composed of water, 
lemon-juice and sugar, sometimes with perfumed cakes 
dissolved in it, with an infusion of some drops of rose- 
water. Another kind is made with violets, honey, juice 
of raisins, &c. 

SHERD, n. A fragment; usually written shard. 

SHER'IFF, ) n. [Sax. scir-gerefa.] An officer in each conn- 

SHER'IF, ) t}'^, tt» whom is intrusted the execution of 

the laws. 

sIIfp IFF-D6m'^ ’ / office or jurisdiction of sheriff. 

SHERTFF SHIP^ i [I believe none of these words is now 

SHERHFF-Wick, ; See Shrievalty. 

SHER'RrFFE, n. The title of a descendant of Mohammed 
by Hassau Dm Ali. Encyc. 

SHERTIY, n. [sometimes written sherris.] A species of 
wine ; so called from Xeres in Spain, where it is made. 

SHEW, SHEWED, SHEWN. See Show, Showed, 
Shown. 

SHEW'-BREAD. See Show-bread. 


SHEW^ER, 71 . One that shows. See Shower. 

SHEW-ING. See Showing. 

SHIB'BO-LETH, n. [Heb.] 1. A word which was made 
the criterion by which to distinguish the Ephraimites 
from the Gileadites. 2. The criterion of a party ; or that 
which distinguishes one party from another. South. 

SHIDE, 71. [Sax. sceadan.] A piece split olF; a cleft; a 
piece ; a billet of wood ; a splinter. [Local in England.] 

SHI kLD, n. [Sax. scyld ; D., G. schild.] 1. A broad piece 
of defensive armor ; a buckler ; used in war for the pro- 
tection of the body. 2. Defense; shelter; protection; or 
the person that defends or protects.-3-3. In heraldry, the 


escutcheon or field on which are placed the bearings in 
coats of arms. 

shield, V. t. 1. To cover, as with a shield ; to cover from 
danger ; to defend ; to protect ; to secure from assault or 
injury. 2. To ward off ; to defend against. 

SHIELD ED, pp. Covered, as with a shield ; defended ; 
protected . 

shielding, ppr. Covering, as with a shield ; defending 
from attack or injury ; protected. 

SHIFT, y. i. [Sax. seyftan ; D. schiften ^ Dan. skifte.] 1. 
To move ; to change place or position. 2. To change its 
direction ; to vary. 3. To change ; to give place to other 
things. 4. To change clothes, particularly the under gar- 
ment or chemise. 5. To resort to expedients for a liveli- 
hood, or for accomplishing a purpose. 6. To practice in- 
direct methods. 7. To seek methods of safety. 8. To 
change place. 

SHIFl', V. t. 1. To change; to alter. 2. To transfer from 
one place or position to another. 3. To put out of the way 
by some expedient. 4. To change, as clothes. 5. I’o 
dress in fresh clothes. — To shift about, to turn quite round, 
to a contrary side or opposite point. — To shift off. 1. To 
delay ; to defer. 2. 'J'o put away. 

SHIFT, n. 1. A change; a turning from one thing to 
another; hence, an expedient tried in difficulty; one 
thing tried when another fails. — 2. In a bad sense, mean 
refuge ; last resource. 3. Fraud ; artifice ; expedient to 
effect a bad purpose ; or an evasion ; a trick to escape de- 
tection or evil. 4. A woman’s under garment ; a chemise. 

SHIFT'ED, pp. Changed from one place or position to 
another. 

SHIFT'ER, 71. 1. One that shifts ; the person that plays 
tricks or practices artifice. — 2. In ships, a person employ- 
ed to assist the ship’s cook in washing, steeping and 
shifting the salt provisions. 

SHIFTTNG, ppr. Changing place or position ; resorting 
from one expedient to another. 

SHIFT'ING-LY, adv. By shifts and changes; deceitfully. 

SHIFT'LESS, a. Destitute of expedients, or not resorting 
to successful expedients ; wanting means to act or live. 

SHILF, 71. [G. schilf, sedge.] Straw. Tooke. 

t SHILL. To shell. 

SHILL, V. t. To put under cover ; to slieal. [Met in use, or 
local.] 

SHIL'LING, 71. [Sax. scill, scilling G. schilling; D. 
schelling; Sw., Dan. skilhng.y An English silver coin 
equal to twelve pence, or the twentieth part of a pound. 

SHIL'LY-SHAL-LY, n. [Russ, shalyu, to play the fool.] 
Foolish trifling; irresolution. [Vulgar. This word has 
probably been written shill-I-shall-J from an ignorance 
of its origin.] 

SHI'LY. See Shyly. 

fSHIM'MER, V. i. [Sax. scymrian ; G. schivimern ; D. 
schenieren.] To gleam ; to glisten. Chaucer. 

SHIN, 71. [Sax. scina, scyne ; G. schiene.] The fore part 
of the leg, particularly of the human leg. 

SHINE, V. i. ; pret, shined, or shone ; p{). shined, or shone. 
[Sax. scinan ; G. scheiaen.] 1. To emit rays of light; to 
give light; to beam with steady radiance; to exhibit 
brightness or splendor. — Shuiing differs from sparkling, 
glistening, glittering, as it usually implies a steady radia- 
tion or emission of light, whereas the latter words usual- 
ly imply irregular or interrupted radiation. This dis- 
tinction is not always observed, and we may say, tJiat 
the fixed stars shine, as well as sparkle. But we never 
say, the sun or the moon sparkles. 2. To be bright ; to 
be lively and animated ; to be brilliant. 3. To lie un- 
clouded. 4. To be glossy or bright, as silk. 5. To be gay 
or splendid. 6. To be beautiful. 7. To be eminent, con- 
spicuous or distinguished. 8. To give light, real or figu- 
rative. 9. To manifest glorious excellences. Ps. Ixxx. 
10. To be clearly published. Is. ix. 11. To be conspicu- 
ou^y displayed; to be manifest. — To cause the face to 
shij'.c, to be propitious. Mum. vi. 

SHINE, 7J. 1. Fair weather. 2. Brightness; splendor; 
lustre ; gloss. 

SHBNESS. See Shyness. 

SHIN GLE, 71. [G. schindel ; L. .scindula.] ]. A thin board 
saw'ed or rived for covering buildings. 2. Round gravel, 
or a collection of roundish stones. Shingle ballast is al- 
last composed of gravel. — 3. Shingles, plu. [L. civ gulum,] 
a kind of tetter or herpes which spreads around the body 
like a girdle ; an eruptive disease. 

SHIN'GLE, V. t. To cover with shingles. 

SHIN'GLED, pp. Covered with shingles. 

SHIN'GLING, ppr. Covering with shingles. 

SHiNTNG, ppi'. 1. Emitting light; beaming; gleaming. 
2. a. Bright; splendid; radiant. 3. Illustrious; distin- 
guished ; conspicuous. 

SHiN'LYG, n. Effusion or clearness of light ; brightness. 

SHiN'ING-NESS, n. Brightness ; splendor. Spenser. 

SHINDY, a. Bright; luminous; clear; unclouded. 

SHIP, as a termination, denotes state or office ; as in lord 
ship. 


* See Syjwpsis. A, E, I, O, t), Y, 7en^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— | Obsolete 


SHI 


751 


SHO 


SHIP. Se^ Shape. 

SHIP, n. [Sax. scip^ scyp ; D. schip ; G. schiff'.] In a gen- 
eral sense, a vessel adapted to navigation, or floating on 
water by means of sails. — In an appropriate sense, a 
building of a structure or form fitted for navigation, fur- 
nished with a bowsprit and three masts, a main-mast, a 
fore-mast and a mizen-mast, each of which is composed 
of a lower-mast, a top-mast and top-gallant-mast, and 
square-rigged. 

SHIP, V. t. [Sax. scipian.'\ 1. To put on board of a ship or 
vessel of any kind. 2. To transport in a ship j to convey 
by water. 3. To receive into a ship or vessel. 

SHIP'-BUlLD-ER, ) n. A man whose occupation is to con- 

SHIP'-BILD-ER, I struct ships and other vessels j a 
naval architect ; a shipwright. 

SHIP -BUiLD-ING, ) n. JVaval architecture ; the art of 

SHIP'-BILD-IXG, j constructing vessels for navigation. 

SHIPBOARD, ado. {ship and board.^ 1. To go on ship- 
board or a shipboard, is to go aboard ; to enter a ship ; to 
embark. 2. n. The plank of a ship ; 

SHIP'-BOY, n. A boy that serves on board of a ship. 

SHIP -€aRP-EN-TER, rt. A shipwright j a carpenter that 
works at ship-building. 

SHIP'-UHAND-LER, n. One who deals in cordage, canvas 
and other furniture of ships. 

SHlP'-HoED-ER, n. The owner of a ship or of shipping. 

SHIP'LESS, a. Destitute of ships. Gray. 

f SHIP^MAN, n. [ship and man.] A seaman or sailor. 

SHIP^MaS-TER, n. [ship and master.] The captain, mas- 
ter or commander of a ship. Jonah i. 

SHIP^MENT, V. 1. The act of puttirig any thing on board 
of a ship or other vessel; embarkation. 2. The goods or 
things shipped, or put on board of a ship - other vessel. 

SHIP'-M6N-E Y, n. [ship and money,] In English history, 
an imposition formerly charged on the ports, towns, 
cities, boroughs and counties of England, for providing 
and furnishing certain shijis for the king’s service. 

SHIPPED, pp. Put on board of a ship or vessel ; received on 
hoard. 

fSHIPPEN, n. [Sax. scipc??.] A stable; a cow-house. 

SHIP'PING, ppr. 1. Putting on board of a ship or vessel ; 
receiving on board. 2. a. Relating to ships. 

SHfP'PING, ?r. Ships in general; ships or vessels of any 
kind for navigation. — 7'o take shipping, to embark; to 
enter on board a ship or vessel for conveyance or pas- 
sage. 

SHIP'-SHAPE, ado. In a seamanlike manner. Mar. Diet. 

SHIP'WREGK, n. [ship and loreck.] 1. The destruction of 
a ship or other vessel by being cast ashore or broken to 
pieces by beating against rocks and the like. 2. The parts 
of a shattered ship ; [unusual.] 3. Destruction. 

SHIPWRECK, V. t. 1. To destroy by running ashore or on 
rocks or sand-banks. 2. To suller the perils of being cast 
away ; to be cast ashore with the loss of the ^hip. 

SHIP'WRECKED, pp. Cast ashore ; dashed upon the rocks 
or hanks ; destroyed. 

SHIP^WRTGHT, n. One whose occupation is to construct 
ships ; a builder of ships or other vessels. 

* SHiRE, or SHIRE, [Sax. scir, setre, scyre.] In Eng- 
land, a division of territory, otherwise called a county. — 
In the United States, the corresponding division of a state 
is called a county, but we retain shire in the compound 
half-shire. 

* SHIRE'-MOTE, ?i. [Sax. scyr-gemote.] Anciently, in 
England, the county court ; sherilf’s turn or court. 
Blackstone. 

SHIRK, a different spelling of shark, which see. 

SHlRL, a different spelling of shorl. See Shorl. 

SHiR'LEY, n. A bird, called the Greater bullfinch. 

SHIRT, 71. [Dan. skiorte ; Sw. skiorta.] A loose garment 
of linen, cotton or other material, worn by men and boys 
next the body. 

SHIRT, V. t. To cover or clothe, as with a shirt. 2. To 
change the shirt and pik on a clean one. 

SHIRT'LESS, a. Wanting a shirt. Pope. 

SHIST, or SHIST'US, n. A species of argillaceous earth or 
slate ; clay-slate. 

SHIST'IC, I a. Pertaining to shist, or partaking of its 

SHIST'OUS, \ properties. 

SFm’^T’AFT ) 

SHIT'TIM ’ ( Scripture, a sort of precious wood. 

SHIT^TLE, a. Wavering ; unsettled. [JSTot used, or local.] 

SHIT'TLE-COCK. See Shuttle-cock. 

SHIT'TLE-NESS, n. Unsettledness ; inconstancy. [L. w.] 

=^SHIVE, (shiv) ?i. [D. schyf; G. scheibe.] 1. A slice; a 
thin cut ; [oZ>5.] 2. A thin, flexible piece cut olf ; [o6s.] 

Boyle. 3. A little piece or fragment ; as the shives of 
flax. 

SIIIV'ER, 7?. [G. s chief er , schie fern.] 1. In mineralogy, n 
species of blue slate ; shist ; shale. — 2. In seamerJs lan- 
suage, a little wheel ; a sheave. 

SHIV'ER,^t;. t. To break into many small pieces or splin- 
ters ; to shatter ; to dash to pieces by a blow. 

SHIV'ER, V. i. 1. To fall at once into many small pieces or 


parts. 2. To quake ; to tremble ; to shudder ; to shake, 
as with cold, ague, fear or horror. 3. To be affected with 
a thrilling sensation, like that of chilliness. 

SHIV'ER, 71. 1. A small piece or fragment into which a 
thing breaks by any sudden violence. 2. A slice ; a 
sliver. 

SHIV^ERED, pp. Broken or dashed into small pieces. 

SHIV'ER-ING, ppr. 1. Breaking or dashing into small 
pieces. 2. Ciuaking ; tiembling; shaking, as with cold 
or fear. 

SHIV'ER-ING, n. 1. The act of breaking or dashing to 
pieces; division ; severance. 2. A trembling ; a shaking 
with cold or fear. 

Sill V'ER-SPAR, 71. [G. schiefer-spath.] A carbonate of 
lime ; called, also, slate-spar. 

SHIV'ER-Y, a. Easily falling into many pieces ; not firjiily 
coltering ; incompact. 

SIIoAD, 71. Among miners, a train of metallic stones, which 
serves to direct them in the discovery of mines. 

SHoAD'-STONE, 7i. A small stone, smooth, of a dark 
liver color, with a shade of purple. 

SHoAL, 77. [Sax. see oL] 1. A great multitude assembled; 
a crowd ; a throng. 2. A place where the water of a 
river, lake or sea is shallow or of little depth ; a sand- 
bank or bar ; a shallow. 

SHoAL, V. i. 1. To crowd; to throng; to assemble in a 
multitude. 2. To become more shallow. 

SHoAL, a. Shallow; of little depth ; as, shoal water. 

SHoAL' I-NESS, n. 1. Shallowness ; little depth of water. 
2. The state of abounding with shoals. 

SHdAL'Y, a. Full of shoals or shallow place#. Dryden. 

SHOCK, 71, [D. schuk ; Fr. choc.] 1. A violent collision of 
bodies, or the concussion which it occasions ; a violent 
striking or dashing against. 2. Violent onset ; conflict of 
contending armies or foes. 3. External violence. ‘I. Of- 
fense ; impression of disgust. — .5. In electricity, the effect 
on the animal system of a discharge of the fluid from a 
charged body. fl. A pile of sheaves of wheat, rye, <kc. — 
7. In JfeiD England, the number of sixteen sheaves of 
wheat, rye, &c. 8. [from shag.] A dog with long, rough 

hair or shag. 

SHOCK, V. t. [D. schokken ; Fr. choquer.] 1. To shake by 
the sudden collision of a body. 2. To meet force with 
force ; to encounter. 3. To strike, as with horror or dis- 
gust ; to cause to recoil, as from something odious or hor- 
rible ; to offend extremely ; to disgust. 

SHOCK, 7?. i. To collect sheaves into a pile ; to pile 
sheaves. 

SHOCKED, pp. 1. Struck, as with horror; offended ; dis- 
gusted. 2. Piled, as sheaves. 

SIIOCKTNG, ppr. 1. Shaking with sudden violence. 2. 
Meeting in onset or violent encounter. 3. a. Striking, as 
with horror ; causing to recoil with horror or disgust. 

SHOCKffNG-LY, ado. In a manner to stiike with horror 
or disgust. Chesterfield. 

SHOD, for shoed, pret. and pp. of shoe. 

SHOE, (shoo) 7i.;plu. shoes, (shooz). [Sax. sceo, sceog : G. 
schuh : D. schoen.] 1. A covering for the foot, usually of 
leather, composed of a thick species for the sole, and a 
thinner kind for the vamp and quarters. 2. A plate or 
rim of iron nailed to the hoof of a horse or an ox to de- 
fend it from injury. 3. The plate of iron which is nailed 
to the bottom of the runner of a sleigh, or any vehicle 
that slides on the snow in winter. 4. A piece of timber 
fastened with pins to the bottom of the runners of a sled, 
to prevent them from wearing. 5. Something in form of 
a shoe. 6. A cover for defense. 

SHOE, V. t.', pret. and pp. shod. 1. To furnish with shoes ; 
to put shoes on. 2. To cover at the bottom. 

SHoE'BLACK, n. A person that cleans shoes. 

SHoE'BOY, 77. [shoe and boy.] A boy that cleans shoes. 

SHOE'BUC-KLE, n. [shoe and buckle.] A buckle for fas- 
tening the shoe to the foot. 

SIIoE'ING, ppr. Putting on shoes. 

SHOE'ING-IIORN, 77. 1. A horn used to facilitate the 

entrance of the foot into a narrow shoe. 2. Any thing 
by which a transaction is facilitated ; any thing used as a 
medium ; in contempt. 

SH(")E'-LEATH-ER, n. Leather for shoes. 

SHOE'LESS, a. Destitute of shoes. Dr. Addison. 

SHOE'MAK-ER, 77. [shoe and 7naker.] One whose occu- 
pation or trade is to make shoes and boots. 

SHO'ER, 77. One that fits shoes to the feet ; one that fur- 
nishes or puts on shoes ; as a farrier. 

SHOE'STRING, n. [shoe and st7-i/?^.] A string used to 
fasten a shoe to the foot. 

SHOE'TyE, 71 . [sAoc and tye.] A ribbon used for fastening 
a shoe to the foot. Iludibras. 

t SHOG, for shock, a violent concussion. Drijdcn. 

t SHOG, V. t. To shake ; to agitate. Caretc. 

t SHOG, V. i. To move off ; to be gone ; to jog. See Jog, 

fSHOG'GING, 71. Concussion. Harmar. 

fSHOG'GLE, V. t. To shake ; to joggle. See Joggle. 


* Sec S7jvopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BTJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete 


SHO 


752 


SHO 


SHOLE, n. [Sax. sceol.] A throng j a crowd j a great 
multitude assembled. See Shoal. 

* SHONE, of shine, 

BlIOOK, pp. of shake. 

t SlioON, old pin. of Shoe. 

SHOOT, V. t.j pret. and pp. shot. The old participle shotten 
is obsolete. [Sax. sceotan, scytan ; G. schossen.] 1. To 
let dy and drive with force. 2. To discharge and cause 
to be driven with violence. 3. To send off witli force ; 
to dart. 4. To let off 3 used of the instrument. 5. To 
strike with any thing shot. 6. To send out ; to push forth. 
7. To push out 3 to emit 3 to dai^t 3 to thrust forth. 8. To 
push forward 3 to drive 3 to propel. 9. To push out 3 to 
thrust forward. 10. To pass through with swiftness. 11. 
To tit to each other by planing 3 a workman's term. 12. 
To kill by a ball, arrow or other thiiig shot. 

SHOOT, V. i. 1. To perform the act of discharging, sending 
with force, or driving any thing by means of an engine 
or instrument. 2. To germinate 3 to bud 3 to sprout 3 to 
send forth branches. 3. To form by shooting, or by an 
arrangement of particles into spiculae. 4. To be emitted, 
sent forth or driven along. 5. To protuberate 3 to be 
])ushed out 3 to jut 3 to project. 6. I'o pass, as an arrow 
or pointed instrument 3 to penetrate. 7. To grow rapid- 
ly 3 to become by rapid growth. 8. To move with ve- 
locity. 9. To feel a quick, darting pain.— To s/toot a/iead, 
to outstrip in running, flying or sailing. 

SHOOT,//. 1. The act of propelling or driving anything 
with violence 5 the discharge of a fire-arm or bow. 2. 
'J’he act of striking or endeavoring to strike with a /mis- 
sive weapon. 3. A young brancli. 4. A young swine 3 
[in JVew England pronounced shotc.] 

SHOO’r^ER, //,. One that shoots 3 an archer 3 a gunner. 

SHOOTHNG,pp/*. Discharging, as fire-arms 3 pushing out 3 
germinating 3 branching 3 glancing, as pain. 

SHOOTHx\G, 71. 1. The act of discharging fire-arms, or of 
sending an arrow with force 3 a firing. 2. Sensation of a 
quick, glancing pain. — 3. In s//(7rts//? «/tsAip, the act or prac- 
tice of killing game with guns or fire-arms. 

SHOOT^F, o. Corresponding in size or growth 5 of an equal 
size. Grose. 

SHOP, 71. [Norm, sc/topc ; Sax. sceoppa.] 1. A building in 
which goods, wares, drugs, &c. are sold by retail. 2. A 
building in which mechanics work, and where they keep 
their manufactures for sale. 

SHOP, V. i. To visit shops for purchasing goods 3 used chief- 
ly in tlie participle. 

.SHOP Board, n. a bench on which work is performed. 

SHOP'BOOK, //,. [shop and book.] A book in which a 
tradesman keeps his accounts. Locke. 

f SHOPE, oZ/i pret. of shape. Shaped. Spejiser. 

SHOP'KEEP-ER, n. A trader who sells goods in a shop or 
by retail 3 in distinction from a merchant, or one who sells 
by wholesale. Addison. 

SHf)P'LlFT-ER, n. One who steals anything in a shop, or 
takes goods privately from a shop. 

SHOF'LIFT-ING, n. Larceny committed in a shop 3 the 
stealing of any thing from a shop. 

SHOP'LIKE, a. Low 3 vulgar. B. Johnson. 

SHOP'xMAN, n. 1. A petty trader. 2. One who serves in 
a shop. 

SHOP'PING, ppr. Visiting shops for the purchase of goods. 

t SHORE, the old pret. of shear. 

SHORE, n. [Sax. score.] The coast or land adjacent to the 
ocean or sea, or to a large lake or river. 

SHORE, ?/. The popular but corrupt pronunciation of sew- 
er. 

SHORE, n. [Sp., Port, escora ; D. schoor.] A prop 3 a but- 
tress 3 something that supports a building. 

SHORE, V. L 1. To prop 3 to support by a post or buttress. 
2. To set on shore 3 [oZ»s.] Shak. 

SHdRFD, pp. Propped 3 supported by a prop. 

SHdRE'LESS, a. Having no shore or coast 3 of indefinite 
or unlimited extent. Boyle. 

SHoRE'LlNG, ) n. In England, the skin of a living sheep 

SHOR'LING, ) shorn, as distinct from the morliiig, or 
skin taken from a dead sheep. 

SHORE, 71. [f^w. sJcorh] A mineral. 

SH(4 R-La'(^EOUS, o. Like shorl. Kirwan. 

SHORL'ITE, n. A mineral of a greenish-white color. 

SHoRN, pp. of shear. 1. Cut off. 2. Having the hair or 
wool cut off or sheared. 3. Deprived. 

SHORT, a. [Sax. sceort, scyrt ; G. kurz 3 D., Sw., Dan. hort ,* 
Fr. court ; It. corto ; L. curtus.] 1. Not long 3 not hav- 
ing great length or extension. 2. Not extended in time 3 
not of long duration. 3. Not of usual or sufficient length, 
reach or extent. 4. Not of long duration 3 repeated at 
sinall intervals of time. 5. Not of adequate extent or 
quantity 3 not reaching the point demanded, desired or 
expected. 6. Deficient 3 defective 3 imperfect. 7. Not 
adequate 5 insufficient 3 scanty. 8. Not sufficiently sup- 
plied 3 scantily furnished. 9. Not far distant in time 3 
future. 10. Net fetching a compass 3 as in the phrase to 
turn short. 11. Not going to the point intended 3 as, to 


stop short. 12. Defective in quantity. 13. Narrow ; 
limited 3 not extended 5 not large or comprehensive. 14. 
Brittle 3 friable 3 breaking all at once without splinters or 
shatters. 15. Not bending. 16. Abrupt 3 brief 3 pointed 3 
petulant 3 severe. — To be short, to be scantily supplied. — 
To come short. 1. To fail 3 not to do what is demanded or 
expected. 2. Not to reach or obtain. Rom. iii. 3. To 
fail 3 to be insufficient. — To cut short, to abridge 3 to con- 
tract. — To fall short. 1. To fail 3 to be inadequate or scan- 
ty. 2. To fail 3 not to door accomplish. 3. To be less. — To 
stop short, to stop at once 3 also, to stop without reaching 
the point intended. — To turn short. 1. To turn on the spot 
occupied 3 to turn without making a compass. — To be ta^ 
ken short, to be seized with urgent necessity. — In short, in 
few words 3 briefly. 

SHORT, n. A summary account. Shak. 

SHORT, adv. Not long. JJrydcn. 

SHORT, V. t. 1. To shorten. 2. v. i. To fail 3 to decrease ; 
[o5s.] ' 

SHORT'-BREATHED, (short'bretht) a. Having short breath 
or quick respiration. 

SHORT'-DaT'ED, a. Having little time to run. 

SHORT'EN, (short'll ) v. t. [Sax. scyrtan.] 1. To make 
short in measure, extent or time. 2. To abridge 3 to lessen. 
3. To curtail. 4. To contract 3 to lessen 3 to diminish in 
extent or amount. 5. To confine 3 to restrain. G. To 
lop 3 to deprive. 

SHORT'EN, (short'n) v. i. 1. To become short or shorter. 
2. To contract. 

SHORT'ENED, pp. Made shorter 3 abridged 3 contracted. 

SHORT'EN-ING, ppr. Making shorter 3 contracting. 

SHORT'EN-ING, n. Something used in cookery to make 
paste short o»- friable, as butter or lard. 

SHORT'-HAinD, 71 . Short writing 3 a compendious method 
of writing 3 otherwise called stenography. 

SHORT'-JOINT-ED, a. [short and | A horse is said 
to be short-jointed, when the pastern is too short. 

SHORT'-LI VED, a. [sho 7 't and live.] Not living or lasting 
long 3 being of short continuance. Dryden. 

SHORT'LY, ado. 1. Guickly 3 soon 3 in a little time. 2. In 
few words 3 briefly. 

SHORT'NER, n. He or that which shortens. Swift. 

SHORT'NESS, n. 1. The quality of being short in space or 
time 3 little length or little duration. 2. Fewness of 
words 3 brevity 3 conciseness. 3. Want of reach or the 
power of retention. 4. Deficiency 3 imperfection 3 limit- 
ed extent. 

SHORT'-RIB, n. One of the lower ribs 3 a rib shorter than 
the others, below the sternum 3 a false rib. 

SHORTS, n. plu. The bran and coarse part of meal. [Lo- 
cal.] 

SHORT'-STGHT, n. Short-sightedness 3 myopy 3 vision 
accurate only when the object is near. Good. 

SHORT'-SiGHT-ED, a. 1. Not able to see far 3 having 
limited vision. 2. Not able to look far into futurity 3 not 
able to understand things deep or remote 3 of limited in- 
tellect. 

SHORT' -SIGIIT-ED-NESS, n. 1. A defect in vision, con- 
sisting in the inability to see things at a distance. 2. De- 
fective or limited intellectual sight. 

SHORT'-WaIST-ED, a. Having a short waist. 

SHORT'-WIND-ED, a. [short and wind.] Affected with 
shortness of breath 3 having a quick respiration. 

SHORT'-WINGED, a. Having short wings. 

SHORT'-WIT-TED, a. Having little wit 3 not wise 3 of 
scanty intellect or judgment. Hales. 

SHoR'Y, a. Lying near the shore or coast. [Little used.] 

SHOT, and pp. of shoot. 

SHOT, n. [Sax. scyt ^ D. school, schot.] ]. The act of 
shooting 3 discharge of a missile weapon. 2. A missile 
weapon, particularly a ball or bullet. 3. Small globular 
masses of lead, used for killing fowls and otlier small an- 
imals. 4. The fliglit of a missile weapon, or the distance 
which it passes from the engine. 5. A reckoning 3 charge 
or proportional share of expense. — Shot of a cable, in sea- 
men’s language, the splicing of two cables together 3 or 
the whole length of two cables thus united. 

SHOTE, 71. [Sax. sceota.] 1. A fish resembling the trout. 
2. A young hog 3 see Shoot. 

SHOT'-FREE, a. 1. Free from charge 3 exempted from any 
share of expense 3 scot-free. 2. Not to be injured by 
shot 3 [oft;?.] 3. Unpunished 3 [(/Z/5.] 

SHOT'TEN, (shot'n) a. [from shoot.] 1. Having ejected 
the spawn. 2. Shooting into angles. 3. Slwt out of its 
socket 3 dislocated 3 as a bone. 

t SHOUGH, (shok) n. A kind of shaggy dog. See Shock. 

SHOULD, (shud). The preterit of shall, but now used as an 
auxiliary verb, either in the past time or conditional pres- 
ent 3 and it oRen denotes obligation or duty. 

SHoUL'DER, n. [Sax. sculdre,sculdor, sculder ,* G. schultei' ; 
D. schouder.] 1. The joint by which the arm of a human 
being, or the fore leg of a quadruped, is connected with the 
body. 2. The upper joint of the fore leg of an animal cut 
for the market. 3. Shoulders, in the plural, the uj/per part 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, lotig. — FAR, FALL, WHAT 3 — PREY 3 — PiN, MARINE, BIRD 3 — f Obsolete. 


SHO 


753 SHR 


of the back. 4. Figuratively ^ support ; sustaining power ; 
or tliat which elevates and sustains. — 5. Among 
something like the Imman shoulder ; horizontal or rectan- 
gular projection from the body of a thing. 

SHoUL'DER, V. t. 1. To push or thrust with the shoulder ; 
to push with violence. 2. 'J'o take upon the shoulder. 

SIIoUL'DER-BELTj n. \\_shoulder and A belt that 

passes across the shoulder. Drydcii. 

SHoUL'DER-BLADE, n. The bone of the shoulder, or 
blade-bone ; called by anatomists scapula. 

I SHoUL'DER-€UjAP-PER, 71. One that claps another on 
the shoulder, or that uses great familiarity. Shak. 

SHoUE'DER-KNOT, n. [^shoulder and knot.'] An orna- 
mental knot of ribbon or lace worn on the shoulder ^ an 
epaulet. 

SIIoUL'DER-SIlOT-TEN, a. [^shoulder ‘a.nd. shot.] Strain- 
ed in the shoulder, as a horse. Siiak. 

SHoUE'DER-SLIP, n. [^shouldcr and slip.] Dislocation of 
the shoulder or of the humerus. Swift. 

SHOUT, V. i. I'o utter a sudden and loud outcry, usually 
in Joy or exultation, or to animate soldiers in an onset. 

SHOUT, 77. Aloud burst of voice or voices; a vehement 
and sudden outcry, particularly of a multitude of men, 
expressing joy, triumph, exultation or animated cour- 
age. 

SHOUT, V. t. To treat with shouts or clamor. Hall. 

SHOUT'ER, n. One that shouts. Drydcn. 

SHOUTHNG, «B7*. Uttering a sudden and loud outcry in joy 
or exultation. 

SHOUT ING, 77. The act of .shouting. 2 Sam. vi. 

SHOVE, V. t. [Sax. scufan ; D. schuiven ; Sw. skuffa ; Dan. 
skuffer.] 1. To push ; to propel ; to drive along by the 
direct application of strength without a sudden impulse ; 
to pusli a body by sliding or causing it to move along the 
surface of another body. 2. To push ; to press against. 

SHo VE, V. i. 1. To push or drive forward ; to urge a course. 
2. To push off; to move in a boat or with a pole. 

SII6VE, 71. The act of pushing or pressing against by 
strength, without a sudden impulse. Swift. 

SH6VED, pp. Pushed ; propelled. 

SHoV'EL, (shuvd) 77. [Sax. scofij G. schaitfel ; D. schoffel.] 
An instrument consisting of a broad scoop or hollow 
blade with a handle ; used for throwing earth or other 
loose substances. 

SH6 V^EL, V. t. 1. To take up and throw with a shovel. 2. 
To gather in great quantities. 

SHoV'EL-BoARD, n. A board on which they play by slid- 
ing metal pieces at a mark. Dry den. 

SHoV'ELED, pp. Thrown with a shovel. 

SH6V'EL-ER, n. A fowl of the duck kind. 

SH6 V'EL-ING, ppr. Throwing with a shovel. 

SHoW, V. G; pret. showed pp. showily or showed. It is 
sometimes written shew, shewed, shewn. [Sax. sccawian ; 
D. schouwen; G. schauen.] 1. To exhibit or present to 
the view of others. 2. To afford to the eye or to notice ; 
to contain in a visible form. 3. To make or enable to see. 
4. To make or enable to perceive. 5. To make to know ; 
to cause to understand ; to make known to ; to teach or 
inform. Job x. 6. To prove ; to manifest. 7. To inform ; 
to teach. 8. To point out, as a guide. 9. To bestow; to 
confer ; to afford. Ps. cxii. 10. To prove by evidence. 
F.ira ii. 11. To disclose ; to make known. 12. To dis- 
cover ; to explain. Dan. ii. — To shoio forth, to manifest ; 
t(^ publish ; to proclaim. 1 Pet. ii. 

SHoW, V. i. 1. To appear ; to look ; to be in appearance. 
2._To have appearance ; to become or suit well or ill ; [o&6*.] 

SHoW, 77. 1. Superficial appearance ; not reality. 2. A 
spectacle ; something offered to view for money. 3. Os- 
tentatious display or parade. 4. Appearance as an object 
of notice. 5. Public appearance, in distinction from con- 
cealment. 6. Semblance ; likeness. 7. Speciousness ; 
plausibility. 8. External appearance. 9. Exhibition to 
view. 10. Pomp; magnificent spectacle. 11. A phan- 
tom. 12. Representative action. 13. External appear- 
ance ; hypocritical pretense. 

SHoW'-BREAD, or SHEW^-BREAD, r?. [show and bread.] 
Among IheJeios, bread of exhibition ; the loaves of bread 
which the priest of the week placed before the Lord, on 
the golden table in the sanctuary. Tliey were twelve in 
nuniber, and represented the twelve tribes of Israel. 
They were to be eaten by the priest only. 

SHoW'ER, 77. One who shows or exhibits. 

SHOWIER, 77. [Sax. 5C77r G. scAttwc/-.] 1. A fall of rain 
or hail, of short duration. 2. A fall of things from the 
air in thick succession. 3. A copious supply bestowed ; 
liberal distribution. 

SIIOW'ER, V. t. 1. To water with a shower; to wet copi- 
ously with rain. 2. To bestow liberally ; to distribute or 
scatter in abundance. 3. To wet with falling water, as 
in the shower-bath. 

SHOWIER, V. i. To rain in showers. 

SHOW'ERED, pp. Wet with a shower ; watered abun- 
dantly ; bestowed or distributed liberally. 

SHOW'ER-LESS, a. Without showers. Armstrong. 


* See Synapsis. 


SIIOW^ER-Y, a. Raining in showers; abounding with 
fre(iuent falls of rain. 

SHoW'l-LY, adv. In a showy manner ; pompously; with 
parade. 

SHoW 'I-NESS, 77. State of being showy; pompousness : 
gr^eat parade. 

SHcjW'lSH, a. 1. Splendid ; gaudy ; [1. «.] 2. Ostentatious. 
SHOWN, ;7p. of show. Exhibited; manifested; proved. 
SHoW^'Y, a. 1. Splendid; gay; gaudy; making a great 
show ; fine. Addison. 2. Ostentatious, 
t SHR AG, V. t. To lop. 
f SHR AG, 77. A twig of a tree cut off. 
fSHRAG'GER, n. One that Iojts ; one that trims trees. 
SHRANK, pret. of shrink, nearly obsolete. 
t SHR \i* ) 

t SHRAPE 1 ^ P^Jice baited with chaff to invite birds. 

SHRED,?;, t.; pret. and pp. shred. [Sax. ^creoT^a??.] To 
cut into small pieces, particularly narrow and long pieces. 
SHRED, 77. 1. A long, )iarrow piece cut off ; as, shreds of 
cloth. Bacon. 2. A fragment ; a piece. Swift. 
SIIREDTHNG, jrpr. Cutting into shreds. 

SHRED'DING, n. That which is cut off ; a piece. 

SHREW, 77. 1. A peevish, brawling, turbulent, vexatious 
woman. 2. A shrew-mouse, 
t SHREW, t. To beshrew ; to curse. Chaucer. 

SHREW^D, a. 1. Having the qualities of a shrew; vexa- 
tious ; troublesome ; mischievous ; [o6*'.] Shak. 2. Sly ; 
cunning; arch; subtil; artful; astute. 3. Sagacious; 
of nice discernment. 4. Proceeding from cuiming or 
sagacity, or containing it. 5. Painful ; vexatious ; trouble- 
some ; [o6s.] 

SIIREWD'LY, 1. Mischievously ; destructively ; 

2. V^exatiously ; [o6s.j 3. Archly ; sagaciously ; with 
good guess. Locke. 

SHREWD'NESS, 77. J. Sly cunning; archness. 2. Saga- 
ciousness ; sagacity ; the quality of nice discernment. 3. 
Mischievousness ; vexatiousness ; [aZ/s.] 

SHREW^HSH, a. Having the qualities of a shrew ; frovvard ; 

peevish ; petulantly clamorous. Shak. 

SIIREW'ISH-LY, adv. Peevishly ; clamorously. 
SHREWqSH-NESS, n. The (jualities of a shrew; frow- 
ardness ; petulance ; turbulent clamorousness. 
SHREW’'-i’V10USE, n. [Sax. screawa.] A small animal 
resembling a mouse, but belonging to the genus sorex. 
SJIRIeK, V. i. [Dan. skriger ; Sw. skrika ; G. 

To utter a sharp, shrill cry ; to scream, as in a sudden 
fright, in horror or anguish. Shak. 
shriek, 77. A sharp, shrill outcry or scream, such as is 
prod_uced by sudden terror or extreme anguish. 
SHRIeKHNG, ppr. Crying out with a shrill voice. 
fSHRlEV'AL, a. Pertaining to a sheriff'. 

SHRIeV^AL-TY, 77. [from sherif ’.] Sheriffalty ; the office 
of a slierifl'. Blackstone. 
t SHRIeVE, 77. Sheriff. 

fSIIRiFT, 77. [Sax. scrift.] Confession made to a priest, 
t SHRiGHT, for shrieked. Chaucer. 
tSHRIGHT, 77. A shriek. Spenser. 

SHRIKE, 77. [Sec Shriek.] Tlie butcher-bird. 

SHRILL, a. [W*". grill', Arm. scrilh ; L. 1. 

Sharp ; acute ; piercing ; ;is sound. 2. Uttering an acute 
sound. 

SHRILL, V. i. To utter an acute, piercing sound. Spenser. 
SHRILL, V. t. To cause to make a shrill sound. Spenser. 
SHRILL'NESS, n. Acuteness of sound ; sharpness or fine- 
ness of voice. Smith. 

SHRIL LY, adv. Acutely, as sound ; with a sharp sound, 
t SHRIMP, V. t. [D. krimpen.] To contract. 

SHRIMP, 77. ]. A crustaceous animal of the genus, cmicc/*. 

2. A little wrinkled man ; a dwarf; in contempt. 

SHRINE, 77. [Sax. scr777 / G. schrein ; Sw. skrin ; L. .?f7 /777- 
77777.] A case or box ; particiilnriy applied to a case in 
which sacred things are deposited. 

SHRINK, V. i.; pret. and pp. shrunk. The old pret. shrank 
and pp. shrunken are nearly obsolete. [Sax. scrincav.] I. 
To contract spontaneously ; to draw or be drawn into less 
length, breadth or compass by an inherent power. 2. To 
• shrivel ; to become wrinkied by contraction ; as the 
skin. 3. To withdraw or retire, as from danger; to de- 
cline action from fear. 4. To recoil, as in fear, horn)!- or 
distress. 5. To express fear, horror or pain by shrugging 
or contracting the body. 

SHRUNK, V. t. To cause to contract. 

SHRINK, 77. Contraction ; a spontaneous drawing into less | 
compass; corrugation, 2. Contraction; a withdrawing 
from fear or horror. 

SHRINK' AGE, n. A shrinking or contraction into a less 
compass, 

SHRINK'ER, n. One that shrinks; one that withdraws 
from danger. 

SHRINK/ING, ppr. Contracting ; drawing together ; with- 
drawing from danger ; causing to contract, 
SHRIV'AL-TY. See Shrievalty. 

t SHRIVE, V. t. [Sax. serif an.] To hear or receive the con- 
fession of; to administer confession ; as a priest. 


MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 
' *48 


SHU 


754 


SIC 


t SHRIVE, v.i. To administer confession. Spenser. 
SHRIV'EL, (shriv'l) v. i. [from the root of rivel, Sax. frcri- 
Jied.] To contract; to draw or be drawn into wrinkles ; 
to shrink and f 9 »n corrugations. 

SIlRl V'EL, V. t: To contract into wrinkles ; to cause to 
shrink into corrugations. 

SHRIV'ELED, pp. Contracted into wrinkles. 
SHRiy^EL-ING, ppr. Contracting into wrinkles, 
f SIIRl V'ER, 71. [from 5/i7'if;e.] A confessor. Shale. 
f SHRlV'lNG, 77. Shrift; confession taken. Spenser. 
SHROUD, 7i. [Sax. scrud.] J. A shelter; a cover; that 
which covers, conceals or protects. 2. The dress of tlie 
dead ; a winding sheet. — 3. Shroud or shrouds of a ship, a 
range of large ropes extending from the head of a mast to 
the rigiit and left sides of the ship, to support the mast. 
4. A branch of a tree. 

SHROUD, V. t. 1. To cover ; to shelter from danger or an- 
noyance. 2. To dress for the grave ; to cover ; as a dead 
body. 3. To cover ; to conceal ; to hide. 4. To defend; 
to protect by hiding. 5. To overwhelm. G. To lop the 
branches of a tree ; [unusual.] 

SHROUD, V. i. To take shelter or harbor. Milton. 
SHROUD'ED, pp. Dressed ; covered ; sheltered. 
SHROUD'ING, ppr. Dressing ; covering ; concealing. 
SHROUD'Y, a. Affording shelter. Milton. 
t SHRoVE, v_. i. To join in the festivities of Shrove-tide. 
SHR(lVE'-TiDE, \n. Confession-time ; con fession- 

SHRoVE'-TuES-DAY, | Tuesday ; the Tuesday after 
Quinquagesima-Sunday, or the day immediately preced- 
ingjthe first of Lent, or Ash-Wednesday. 

SHRoVHNG, 77. The festivity of Shrove-tide. 

SHRUB, 77. [Sax. scro6 ; G. schroff.] A low, dwarf tree; 

a woody plant of a size less than a tree. 

SHRUB, 77. [Ar.] A liquor composed of acid and sugar, 
with spirit to preserve it. 

SHRUB, V. t. To clear of shrubs. Anderson. 
SHRUB'BER-Y, n. 1. Shrubs. 2. A plantation of shrubs. 
SHRUB'BY, a. 1. Full of shrubs. 2. Resembling a shrub. 
3. Consisting of shrubs or brush. 4. A shrubby plant is 
perennial, with several woody stems, 
t SHRUFF, 77. [G. schrojf.] Dross ; recrement of metals. 
SHRUG, V. t. [G. rucken ; D. rug ^ ; Sax. hric, or hryg.] To 
draw up ; to contract ; as, to shrug the shoulders. 
SHRUG, V. i. To raise or draw up the shoulders. 

SHRUG, n. A drawing up of the shoulders ; a motion usu- 
ally expressing dislike. Hudibras. 

SHRUG'GING, ppr. Drawing up, as the shoulders. 
SHRUNK, pret. and pp. of shrijik. 

SHRUNK'EN, pp. oH shrink. [JK'early obsolete.] 
SHUD'DER, V. i. [G. schaudern ; D. schudden.] To quake ; 
to tremble or shake with fear, horror or aversion ; to 
shiver. 

SHUD'DER, 77. A tremor ; a shaking with fear or horror. 
SHUD'DER-ING, ppr. Trembling; quaking. 

SHUF^FLE, r. t. [G. schoffelen.] 1. ProperZy, to shove one 
way and the other ; to push from one to another. 2. To 
mix by pushing or shoving ; to confuse ; to throw into 
disorder ; especially, to change the relative positions of 
cards in the pack. 3. To remove or introduce by artificial 
confusion. — To shufic off, to push off ; to rid one’s self of. 
— To shuffle up, to throw together in haste; to make up 
or form in confusion or with fraudulent disorder. 
SHUFTLE, V. i. I. To change the relative position of 
cards in a pack by little shoves. 2. To change the posi- 
tion ; to shift ground ; to prevaricate ; to evade fair ques- 
tions ; to practice shifts to elude detection. 3. To strug- 
gle ; to shift. 4. To move with an irregular gait. 5. To 
shove the feet ; to scrape the floor in dancing ; [vulgar.] 
SHUF'FLE, 77. ]. A shoving, pushing or jostling ; the act 
of mixing and throwing into confusion by change of 
places. 2. An evasion ; a trick ; an artifice. 
SHUF'FLE-BoARD. The old spelling of shovel-board. 
SHUF'FLE-GAP, n. A play performed by shaking money 
in a hat or cap. Arbuthnot. 

SHUF'FLED, pp. Moved by little shoves ; mixed. 
SHUF'FLER, n. One that shuffles or prevaricates ; one 
that plays tricks ; one that shuffles cards. 

SHUF'FLING, ppr. 1. Moving by little shoves ; changing 
the places of cards ; evading ; playing tricks. 2. a. Eva- 
sive. 

SHUF'FLING, 77. 1. The act of throwing into confusion. 

2. Trick ; artifice ; evasion. 3. An irregular gait. 
SHUF'FLING-LY, tkZt;. With shuffling; with an irregular 
gait or pace. Dryden. 

SHUN, 7’. t. [Sax. scunian, ascunian.] 1. To avoid ; to keep 
clear of; not to fall on or come in contact with. 2. To 
avoid ; not to mix or associate with. 3. To avoid ; not to 
practice. 4. To avoid ; to escape. 5. To avoid ; to de- 
cline ; to neglect. 

SHUN' LESS, a. Not to be avoided ; inevitable. [L. 77.] 
SHUNNED, pp. Avoided. 

SHUN'NING, ppr. Avoiding ; keeping clear from ; de- 
clining. 

SHURK. See Shark. 


SHUT, 75. t. ; pret. and pp. shut. [Sax. scittan ; scyttan.] L 
To close so as to hinder iiygress or egress. 2. To prohibit ; 
to bar ; to forbid entrance into. 3. To preclude ; to ex- 
clude. 4. To close, as the fingers ; to contract. — To shut 
in. 1. To inclose; to confine. 2. Spoken of points of 
land, when, by the progress of a ship, one point is brought 
to cover or intercept the view of another. — To shut out, to 
preclude from entering; to exclude. — To shut up. L To 
close ; to make fast the entrances into. 2. To obstruct. 
3. To confine ; to imprison ; to lock or fasten in. 4. To 
confine by legal or moral restraint. 5. To end ; to termi- 
nate ; to conclude. 

SHUT, V. i. To close itself ; to be closed. 

SHUT, p/7. 1. Closed; having the entrance barred. 2. a. 
Rid ; clear ; free. L^Estrangc. 

SHUT, 77. J. Close; the act of closing ; [little used.] 2. A 
small door or cover. 

SHUT'TER, 77. 1. A person that shuts or closes. 2. A 
door ; a cover ; something that closes a passage. 

SHUT'TING, ppr. Closing ; prohibiting entrance. 

SHUT'TLE, 77. [Ice. skutuL] An instrument used by 
weavers for shooting the thread of the woof in weaving 
from one side of the cloth to the other, between the threads 
of the warp. 

SHUT'TLE-COCK, n. [shuttle and cock, or cork.] A cork 
stuck with feathers, used to be struck by a battledore in 
play ; also, the play. 

SHY, a. [G. sclicu ; D. schuw ; Sw. skygg ; Dan. sky.] 1. 
Fearful of near approach ; keeping at a distance through 
caution or timidity ; shunning approach. 2. Reserved ; 
not familiar ; coy ; avoiding freedom of intercourse. 3. 
Cautious ; wary ; careful to avoid committing one’s self 
or^adopting measures. 4. Suspicious ; jealous. 

SHY', V. i. To shun by turning aside ; applied to a horse. 

SHY'LY, adv. In a shy or timid manner ; not familiarly ; 
with reserve. 

SHY'NESS, 77. Fear of near approach or of familiarity ; re- 
serve ; coyness. 

SI-AL'O-GOGUE, (si-al'o-gog) n. [Gr. aiaXov and aywyo?.] 
A medicine that promotes the salivary discharge. Encyc. 

t SIB, a. [Sax. sib.] Related by blood. Chaucer. 

SIB, a relation, in Saxon, but not in use in English. 

SI-Be'RI-AN, a. [Russ, siver, north.] Pertaining to Si- 
beria. 

SIB'ER-ITE, 77. Red tourmalin. Ure. 

SIB'I-LANT, a. [L. sibilo.] Hissing ; making a hissing 
sound. S and z are called sibilant letters. 

SIB'I-LANT, 77. A letter that is uttered with a hissing of 
the voice, as 5 and z. 

SIB-I-La'TION, 77. A hissing sound. Bacon. 

SIB'YL, 77. [L. Sibylla.] In pagan antiquity, the Sibyls 
were certain women said to be endowed with a prophetic 
spirit. 

SYB'IL-LiNE, a. Pertaining to the Sibyls; uttered, writ- 
ten or composed by Sibyls. 

SIC' A-MORE, 77. More usually written sycamore, which see. 

fStC'CATE, 7). L To dry. 

t SI€-Ca'TION, 77. The act or process of drying. 

SIC'CA-TlVE, a. [L. sicco.] Drying ; causing to dry. 

SIC CA-TIVE, 77. That which promotes the process of dry- 
ing. 

tSIC-CIF'IG, a. [L. sicc%is and /o.] Causing dryness. 

SIC'CI-TY, 77 . [L. 57ccZza5.] Dryness ; aridity ; destitution 
of moisture. Brown. 

SICE, (size) 77. [Fr. six.] The number six at dice. 

SICIl, for 6f77cZ7. [See Such.] Chaucer. 

SICK, a. [Sax. seoc ; D. ziek; Sw. siuk ,* Ice. syke.] 1. Af- 
fected with nausea ; inclined to vomit. 2. Disgusted ; 
having a strong dislike to ; with of. 3. Affected with 
disease of any kind ; not in health. 4. Corrupted ; [oZ7s.] 
Shak. — 5. The sick, the person or persons affected with 
disease. 

t SICK, V. t. To make sick. See Sicken. 

SICK'-BiRTH, 77. In a ship of war, an apartment for the 
sick. 

SICK'EN, (sik'n) v. t. 1. To make sick ; to disease. 2. To 
make squeamish. 3. To disgust. 4. To impair ; [o6s.] 
Shak. 

SICICEN, V. i. 1. To become sick ; to fall into disease. 2. 
To be satiated ; to be filled to disgust. 3. To become dis- 
gusting or tedious. 4. To be disgusted ; to be filled with 
aversion or abhorrence. 5. To become weak ; to decay ; 
to languish. 

tSICK'ER, a. [L. securus ; Dan. sikker ; G. sicker ,* D. ze- 
ker.] Sure ; certain ; firm. Spenser. 

fSICK'ER, adv. Surely ; certainly. Spenser. 

[SICK'ER-LY, adv. Surely. 

t SICK'ER-NESS, n. Security. Spenser. 

SICK'ISH, a. [from sZc/t.] 1.' Somewhat sick or diseased. 
Hakewill. 2. Exciting disgust ; nauseating. 

SICK'ISH-NESS, 77. The quality of exciting disgust. 

SIC'KLE, (sik'l) n. [Sax. sicel,sicol ,• G. sichel ; D. zikkel.] 
A reaping-hook ; a hooked instrument with teeth ; used 
for cutting grain. 


* See Synopsis. A, K, J, 0, U, Y, long.— FAB, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete. 


SIB 


755 SIG 


SIC'KLED, a. Furnished witli a sickle. Thomson. 

SI€'KLE-M AN, ) n. One that uses a sickle ; a reaper. [JSTot 

SIC'KLER, ^ used in JVew Englaiid,] Shak. 

SIC'KLE-WORT, n. A plant of the genus coronilla. 

SICK'Ll-NESS, n. 1. The state of being sickly 5 the state 
of being habitually diseased. 2. Tlie state of producing 
sickness extensively. 3. The disposition to generate dis- 
ease extensively. 

SI€K'-LIST, 71. A list containing the names of the sick. 

SICK'LY, a. 1. Not healthy ; somewhat affected with dis- 
ease ; or habitually indisposed. 2. Producing disease ex- 
tensively ; marked with sickness. 3. Tending to pro- 
duce disease 5 as, a sickly climate. 4. Faint j weak j 
languid. 

t SICK'LY, V. t. To make diseased. Shak. 

SICK'NESS, 77 . [G. sucht.'\ 1. Nausea j squeamishness. 

2. State of being diseased. 3. Disease ; malady 5 a mor- 
bid state of the body. 

SIDE, 77 . [Sax. 57 <Z, side, sida ; D. zyde ; G. seite ; Sw. sida ; 
Dan. side.] 1. The broad and long part or surface of a 
thing, as distinguished from the end, which is of less ex- 
tent, and may be a point. 2. Margin ; edge ; verge ; bor- 
der ; the exterior line of any thing, considered in length. 

3. The part of an animal between the back and the face 
and belly. 4. The part between the top and bottom ; the 
slope, declivity or ascent, as of a hill or mountain. 5. 
One part of a thing, or its superficies. 6 . Any part con- 
sidered in respect to its direction or point of compass. 7. 
Party ; faction ; sect ; any man or body of men considered 
as in opposition to another. 8 . Interest ; favor. 9. Any 
part being in opposition or contradistinction to another. 
10. Branch of a family 3 separate line of descent. 11. 
Quarter j region ; part. — To take sides, to embrace the 
opinions, or attach one’s self to the interest of a party 
when in opposition to another. — To choose sides, to select 
parties for competition in exercises of any kind. 

SIDE, a. 1. Lateral ; as, a side post. 2. Being on the side, 
or toward the side ; oblique 5 indirect. 3. Long ; large j 
extensive ; [ 065 .] 

SIDE, t’. 7. 1 . To lean on one side ; [L 77.] 2 . To embrace 
the opinions of one party, or engaga in its interest, when 
opposed to another party. 

t SIDE, V. t. 1. To stand at the side of. 2. To suit ; to 
pair. 

SlDE'BoARD, 77 . [ 57 <Ze and JoarT/.] A piece of furniture or 
cabinet-work, consisting of a table or box with drawers 
or cells, placed at the side of a room or in a recess, and 
used to hold dining utensils, &c. 

SIDE'-BOX, 77 . A box or inclosed seat on the side of a the- 
atre, distmct from the seats in the pit. 

SiDE'-FLY, 77. An insect. Derham. 

SlDE'LING, arf?;. [D. lydelings.] 1. Sidewise j with the 
side foremost. 2. Sloping. 

SiDE'LONG, a. [side and long.] Lateral ; oblique ; not di- 
rectly in front ; as, a sidelong glance. Dryden. 

SiDE'LONG, adv. 1. Laterally ; obliquely j in the direction 
of the side. Milton. 2. On the side. 

SID'ER, 77. 1. One that takes a side or joins a party. 2. 
Cider j [065.] 

SID'ER-AL, or SI-De'RE-AL, a. [L. sideralis.] 1. Per- 
taining to a star or stars ; astral. 2. Containing stars ; 
starry. — Sidereal year, in astronomy, the period in which 
the fixed stars apparently complete a revolution and come 
to the same point in the heavens. 

SID'ER-A-TED, a. [L. sideratus.] Blasted ; planet-struck. 

SID-ER-a'TION, 77. [L. sidcratio.] A blasting or blast in 
plants ; a sudden deprivation of sense ; an apoplexy 5 a 
slight erysipelas. [Little used.] 

SID'ER-ITE, 77. VL.sideritis.] 1 . The loadstone ; also, iron- 
wort, a genus or plants ; also, the common ground pine. — 
2. In mineralogy, a phosphate of iron. Fourcroy. 

SID-ER-0-€AL'ClTE, n. Brown spar. Ure. 

SID-ER-0-€LEP'TE, 77. A mineral. Saussure. 

SID-ER-0-GRAPH'I€, ) a. Pertaining to siderography, 

SID-ER-0-GRAPH'I-€AL, \ or performed by engraved 
plates of steel. 

SID-ER-OG'RA-PHIST, 77. One who engraves steel plates, 
or performs work by means of such plates. 

SID-ER-OG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ciSypog and ypa(f>o).] The art 
or practice of engraving on steel. Perkins. 

SID'E-RO-SeOPE, 77. [Gr. aiSripog arid cKonm.] An in- 
strument for detecting small quantities of iron in any 

Sll list 3 .TI C0 

STDE'-SAD*-DLE, n. [side and saddle.] A saddle for a 
woman’s seat on horseback. 

SIDE'-SAD-DLE FLOW-ER, 77 . A species of sarracc?77a. 

STDES'MAN, n. [side and 777 a77.] 1. An assistant to the 
church-warden. 2. A party man. Milton. 

SIDETaK-ING, 77 . A taking sides, or engaging in a 
party. Hall. 

STDE'WaYS, ) adr. 1. Towards one side; inclining. 2. 

SiDE'WiSE, \ Laterally ; on one side. JVemton. 

STD'ING, ppr. Joining one side or party. 

SID'ING, 77. The attaching of one’s self to a party. 

* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BULL, UNITE.- 


SI'DLE, V. i. 1. To go or move side foremost. 2. To lie on 
the side. Swift. 

SIeGE, 77. [Er. siege ; Norm, sage’, It. seggia, seggio.] 1 
The setting of an army arouml or before a fortified place 
for the purpose of compelling the garrison to surrender , 
or the surrounding or investing of a place by an army, 
and approaching it by passages and advanced works, 
which cover the besiegers from the enemy’s tire. A siege 
diflers from a blockade, as in a siege the investing army 
approaches the fortified place to attack and reduce it by 
force ; but in a blockade, the army secures all the avenues 
to the place to intercept all supplies, and wails till famine 
compels the garrison to surrender. 2. Any continued en- 
deavor to gain possession. 3. Seat ; throne ; [ohs.] 4. 
Rank ; place ; class ; [oZ^s.] Shak. 5. Stool ; [obs.] 

t SIeGE, V. t. To besiege. Spenser. 

SI'EN-ITE, 77. A compound granular rock. Lunier. 

SlE'UR, (se'ur) n. [Er.] A title of respect used by the 
Erench. 

SIEVE, (siv) 77. [SaiX.sife,syfe ; G. sieb ; D. zee/, zift.] An 
utensil for separating flour from bran. 

SIET, V. t. [Sax. siftan ,• G. sieben ; D. ziften.] 1. To sepa- 
rate by a sieve, as the tine part of a substance from the 
coarse. 2. To separate ; to part. 3. To examine minutely 
or critically ; to scrutinize. 

SIET'ED, pp. Separated by a sieve ; purified from the 
coarser parts ; critically examined. 

SIET'ER, 77. One that sifts ; that which sifts ; a sieve. 

SIETBNG, ppr. Separating the finer from the coarser part 
by a sieve ; critically examining. 

SIG, a Saxon word signifying victory, is used in names, as 
in Sigbert, bright victory. It answers to the Greek vik, 
in JM'icander, and the Latin vie, in Fictorinus. 

SIGH, (si) V. i. [Sax. sicaji ; D. zugt, zugten ; Dan. sukker.] 
To inhale a larger quantity of air than usual, and imme- 
diately ex-pel it ; to suffer a single, deep respiration. 

SlGH, V. t. 1. To lameiit ; to mourn. 2. To express by 
sighs. 

SIGH, 77. A single deep respiration ; a long breath ; the in- 
haling of a larger quantity of air than usual, and the sud- 
den emission of it. 

SiGH'ER, 77. One that sighs. 

SiGH'ING, ppr. Suffering a deep respiration. 

SIGH'ING, 77. The act of suffering a deep respiration, or 
taking a long breath. 

SIGHT, 77. [Sax. gesiht ; D. gezigt ; G. sicht ,* Dan. sigt ; 
Sw. sickt.] 1. The act of seeing ; perception of objects by 
the eye ; view. 2. The faculty of vision, or of perceiving 
objects by the instrumentality of the eyes. 3. Open view ; 
the state of admitting unobstructed vision ; a being with- 
in the limits of vision. 4. Notice from seeing ; knowl- 
edge. 5. Eye ; the instrument of seeing. C. An aperture 
through v.diich objects are to be seen ; or something to 
direct the vision. 7. That which is belield ; a spectacle ; 
a show. — To take sight, to take aim ; to look for tlie pur- 
pose of directing a piece of artillery, &c. 

SIGHT'ED, a. In composition only, having sight, or seeing 
in a particular manner ; as, short-sighted. 

tSIGHT'ETJL-NESS, 77. Clearness of sight. Sidney. 

SIGHT'LESS, a. 1. Wanting sight ; blind. Pope. 2. Of- 
fensive or unpleasing to the eye. Shak. 

SIGHT'L1-NE8S, n. Comely appearance; an appearance 
pleasing to the sight. 

SIGHT'LY, a. 1. Pleasing to the eye ; striking to the view. 
2. Open to the view ; that may be seen from a distance. 

SIGHTS'lMAN, v. Among musicians, one who reads music 
readily at first sight. Busby. 

SIG'IL,*77. [L. sigilliun .] A seal ; signature. Dryden. 

f SI-GiL'LA-TiVE, a. [Fr. sigillatif ; L. siV?7/777/7.] Eit to 
seal ; belonging to a seal ; composed of wax. Cotgrave. 

SIG-MOID'AL, a. [Gr. aiypa and 7 : 7 ^ 0 ?.] Curved like the 
Greek g, sigma. Bigelow. 

SIGN, (sine) 77. [Fr. .■? 7 >/ 7 e ,• It. segno: Sp. sena ; D. sig- 
77 7 7 777 ; Sax. scgcn .] 1. A token ; something by which 

another thing is shown or rejn-esented. 2. A motion, ac- 
tion, nod or gesture indicating a wish or command. 3. A 
wonder; a miracle ; a prodigy; a remarkable transaction, 
event or phenomenon. 4. Some visible transaction, event 
or appearance intended as proof or evidence of something 
else ; hence, proof ; evidence by sight. 5. Something 
hung or set near a house or over a door, to give notice of 
the tenant’s occupation, or what is made or sold within, 
f). A memorial or monument ; something to preserve the 
memory of a thing. 7. Visible mark or representation. 
8 . A mark of distinction. 9. Typical representation.— 
10. In astronomy, the twelfth part of the ecliptic. 11. In 
alaebra, a character indicating the relation of quantities, 
or” an operation performed by them. 12. The subscription 
of one’s name ; signature. — 13. Among physicians, an ap- 
p 0 artinc 6 or syniptoiii in the liuiiitui body, which indicates 
its condition. — 14. In music, any character, as a flat, 

sharp, dot, &c. . , , . , 

SIGN, (sine) v. t. ^ To mark with characters or one’s 

■€ as K ; C as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


SIL 


SIL 756 


name. 2. To signify ; to represent typically ; [ 0 J 5 .] 3. 
To mark. 

Sign, «>. i. To be a sign or omen. Shak. 

IG^NAL, 71. [Fr. signal ; Sp. sehal.] A sign that gives or 
is intended to give notice ; or the notice given. 

SIG'NAL, a. Eminent; remarkable; memorable; distin- 
guished from what is ordinary, 
t SIG-NAL'I-TY, n. duality of being signal or remarkable. 
SIG^VAL-lZE, V. t. To make remarkable or eminent ; to 
render distinguished from what is common. 
SIG'NAL-lZED, pp. Made eminent. 

SIG'NAL-IZ-ING, p;?r. Making remarkable. 

SIGhVAL-LY, adv. Eminently ; remarkably ; memorably ; 

in a distinguished manner, 
t SIG-Na'TION, 71. Sign given ; act of betokening. 
SIG'NA-TO-RY, a. Relating to a seal ; used in sealing. 
SIG^NA-TURE, ??. [Fr.] 1. A sign, stamp or mark im- 
pressed. — 2. In old medical W7'ite7's, an external mark or 
character on a plant. 3. A mark for proof, or proof from 
marks. 4. Sign manual ; the name of a person written or 
subscribed by himself. — 5. Among printe?-s, a letter or fig- 
ure at the bottom of the first page of a sheet or half sheet, 
by which the sheets are distinguished and their order 
designated, as a direction to the Wilder. — 6. In physiogno- 
mij, an external mark or feature, 
t SIG'NA-TURE, v. t. To mark ; to distinguish. 
SIG'NA-TU-RIST, n. One who holds to the doctrine of sig- 
natures impressed upon objects. [Little Tiscd.] 

STGN'ER, (sl'ner) 71 . One that signs or subscribes his name. 
SIG'NET, 71. A seal ; in Great Britain^ the seal used by 
the king in sealing his private letters and grants. 
SIG-NIF'I-€ANCE, ) 71 . [L. sigvijicans.] 1. Meaning ; 
S1G-NIF'I-€AN-CY, ^ import ; that which is intended 
to be expressed. 2. Force ; energy ; power of impress- 
ing the mind. 3. Importance ; moment ; weight ; conse- 
quence. 

SIG-NIF'I-€ANT, a. [L. signijicans.] 1. Expressive of 
something beyond the external mark. 2. Bearing a mean- 
ing ; expressing or containing signification or sense. 3. 
Betokening something ; standing as a sign of something. 
4. Expressive or representative of some fact or event. 5. 
Important ; momentous ; [o&s.] 

SIG-NIF'I-€ANT-LY, ado. 1. With meaning. 2. With 
force of expression. South. 

SIG-NI-FI-€A‘TI0N, ti. [Fr. ; L. sig7iiJicatio.] 1. The 
act of making known, or of communicating ideas to an- 
other by signs or by words, by any thing that is under- 
stood, particularly by words. 2. Meaning ; that which 
is understood to be intended by a sign, character, mark 
or word. 

SIG-NIF'I-€A-TIVE, a. [Fr. sigTiificatif.] 1. Betoken- 
ing or representing by an external sign. 2. Having sig- 
nification or meaning ; expressive of a certain idea or 
thing. 

SIG-NIF'I-€A-TIVE-LY, ado. So as to represent or ex- 
press by an external sign. Usher. 

SIG-NI-FI-€a'TOR, 71. That which signifies. Burt07i. 
SIG-NIF'I-CA-TO-RY, 71 . That which betokens or signi- 
fies. 

SIG'NI-FY, 75. t. [¥v. significr ; \j. signijico.'] 1. To make 
known something, either by signs or words. 2. To 
mean ; to have or contain a certain sense. 3. To import ; 
to weigh ; to have consequence. 4. To make known ; 
to declare. 

SIG'NI-FY, 75 . i. To express meaning with force. [Little 
used.] Sicift. 

SiGN'IOR, (seen'yur) n. A title of respect among the Ital- 
ians. S'ccSeignor. 

SiGN'IOR-IZE, (seen'yur-ize) 75 . i. To exercise dominion ; 

or to have dominion. [Little 7ised.] 

SIGN'IOR-Y, (seen^yur-y) n. A different, but less common 
spelling of seigniory, which see. 

SIGN'-PoST, 77. [sign and post.] A post on which a sign 
hangs, or on which papers are placed to give public notice 
of any thing. 

t ilKE I 'SpcTiA'cr. 

SIKE, 77. [Sax. sic, sich.] A small stream or rill ; one which 
is usually dry in summer. 
fSlK'ER, a. or ado. Sure; surely. See Sicker. 
j- SIK'ER-NESS, 77 . Sureness; safety. Chaucer. 

SILE, 75 . t. [Su. Goth, sila.] To strain, as fresh milk from the 
cow. 

§ j IjISiC-/ 1^ , 77. [I^r., Xi. silentt7L7n , It. sil CTixto ^ Sp. silencio.] 
1. In a general sense, stillness, or entire absence of sound 
or noise? — 2. In animals, the state of holding the peace ; 
forbearance of speech in man, or of noise in other animals. 
3. Habitual taciturnity. 4. Secrecy. .5. Stillness ; calm- 
ness ; quiet ; cessation of rage, agitation or tumult. 6. 
Absence of mention ; oblivion. — 7. Silence is used el- 
liptically for let there he silence, an injunction to keep si- 
lence. 

SI'LENCE, V. t. 1. To oblige to hold the peace ; to restrain 
from noise or speaking. 2. To still ; to quiet ; to re- 


strain ; to appease. 3. To stop. 4. To still ; to cause to 
cease firing. 5. To restrain from preaching by revoking 
a license to preach. U. States. 6. To put an end to ; to 
cause to cease. 

SFLENT, a. 1. Not speaking ; mute. 2. Habitually taci- 
turn ; speaking little ; not inclined to much talking ; not 
loquacious. 3. Still ; having no noise. 4. Not opera- 
tive ; wanting efficacy. 5. Not mentioning ; not pro- 
claiming. 6. Calm. 7. Net acting ; not transacting 
business in person. 8. Not pronounced ; having no 
sound. 

SI-LEN'TIA-RY, 71. One appointed to keep silence and or- 
der in court ; one sworn not to divulge secrets of state. 

Si'LENT-LY, ad75. 1. Without speech or words. 2. With- 
out noise. 3. Without mention. 

SPLENT-NESS, 77. State of being silent ; stillness. 

SI-Li^'SIA, (si-le'zha) 71 . A country belonging to Prussia ; 
hence, a species of linen cloth so called ; thin, coarse 
linen. 

SI-Lk'SIAN, (si-le^zhan) a. Pertaining to Silesia. 

Si'LEX, ^ 71. One of the supposed primitive earths, usu- 

SIL'I-CA, i ally found in the state of stone. 

6ILTCE, SIL'I-€ULE, or SIL'I-CLE, 71 . [L. silic7da.] lu 
botany, a little pod or bivalvular pericarp, with seeds at- 
tached to both sutures. 

SI-LIC-I-CAL-Ca'RI-OUS, a. [silex and calcarious.] Con- 
sisting of silex and calcarious matter. 

SI-LIC-I-CAL'CE, 71. [L. silex or silica and calx.] A min- 
eral of the silicious kind. Cleaveland. 

SIL-I-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. silex and fero.] Producing si- 
lex ; or united with a portion of silex. 

SIL'I-CI-FY, 75. t. [L. silex and facio.] To convert into si- 
lex. Say. 

SIL'I-CI-FY, V. i. To become silex. 

SIL-IC-I-Mu'RITE, 71. [silex and muria.] An earth com- 
posed of silex and magnesia. 

SI-LI"CIOUS, a. Pertaining to silex, or partaking of its na- 
ture and qualities. 

SI-LIC'I-TED, a. Impregnated with silex. Kir-wan. 

SI-LIC'I-UM, 71. The undecomposed and perhaps unde- 
composable base of silex or silica. 

SI-LIC'U-LOUS, a. Having silicles or little pods. 

SI-Ll6'I-NOSE, a. [L. siliginosus .] Made of fine wheat. 

t SIL'ING-DISH, 77. [Dan. siZer.] A colander. 

SIL'I-Q,UA, 71. [L.] With gold-fners, a carat, six of which 
make a scruple. Johnson. 

SIL'I-Q,UA, 1 71. [L. siliqua.] A pod ; an oblong, membra- 

SIL'IQ,UE, \ naceous, bivalvular pericarp. 

SIL'I-dUOSE, ) a. [L. siliquosus.] Having that species of 

SIL'I-Q,UOUS, I pericarp called siZi^ue. Martyn. 

SILK, 71. [Sax. ^eoZcj Sw.silke; Dan 5iZ/ce.] 1. The fine, 
soft thread produced by the insect called silk-w6r7n, or 
bombyx. 2. Cloth made of silk. 3. The filiform style of 
the female flower of maize, which resembles real silk in 
fineness and softness. — Virginia silk, a plant of the genus 
periploca. 

SILK, a. Pertaining to silk ; consisting of silk. 

SILK-COT'TON-TREE, n. A tree of the genus bombax. 

SILICEN, (silk'n) a. [Sax. seolcen.] 1. Made of silk. 2. 

Like silk; soft to the touch. 3. Soft; delicate ; tender ; 
smooth. 4. Dressed in silk. 

-SILK'EN, (silkhi) 75. t. To render soft or smooth. 

SILK'I-NESS, 71. 1, The qualities of silk ; softness and 
smoothness to the feel. 2. Softness; effeminacy; pusil- 
lanimity ; [little used.] 

SILK'MAN, 71. [silk and man.] A dealer in silks. Shak. 

SILK^-MER-CER, 77. A dealer in silks. 

SILKAVeAV-ER, 71. [silk nnd weaver.] One whose occu- 
pation is to weave silk stuffs. Watts. 

SILK'-WoRM, 77. The worm which produces silk. 

SILK'Y, a. 1. Made of silk ; consisting of silk. 2. Like 
silk ; soft and smooth to the touch. 3. Pliant ; yielding. 

SILL, 77. [Sax. S 7 jl , S7jle, syll ; Fr. seuil.] 1. The basis or 
foundation of a thing ; a piece of timber on which a build- 
ing rests. 2. The timber or stone at the foot of a door ; 
the threshold. 3. The timber or stone on which a win- 
dow-frame stands ; or the lowest piece in a window- 
frame. 4. The shaft or thill of a carriage ; [ local .] 
Grose. 

SIL'LA-BUB, 71. A liquor made by mixing wine or cider 
with milk, and thus foi-ming a soft curd. King. 

SIL'LI-LY, adv. In a silly manner ; foolishly ; without the 
exercise of good sense or judgment. 

SIL'LI-MAN-ITE, 71. A mineral found at Saybrook in Con- 
necticut, so named in honor of Prof. Silliman. 

SIL'LI-NESS, 71. Weakness of understanding ; want of 
sound sense or judgment ; simplicity ; harmless folly. 

SIL'LY, a. 1. Weak in intellect; foolish; witless; desti- 
tute of ordinary strength of mind ; simple. 2. Proceed- 
ing from want of understanding or common judgment ; 
characterized by weakness or folly ; unwise. 3. Weak ; 
helpless ; [ 065 .] 

t SXL'LY-HOW, 71. The membrane that covei-s the head 
of the fetus. Broion. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, Xj,'^,long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT; — PR£Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD '[Obsolete. 


SIM 


757 


SIN 


SILT, n. Saltness, or salt-marsh or mud. 

SI-Lu'RUS, ) n. The sheat-fisli ; also, a name of the stur- 

SI-LuRE', 1 geon. Diet. JV"at, Hist. 

SIL'VAN, a. [L. siloa. It is also written sylvan.] 1 . Per- 
taining to a wood or grove 3 inhabiting woods. 2 . Woody 3 
abounding with woods. 

SIL'VAN, n. Another name of tellurium. Wemer. 

SIL'VER, n. [Sax. seolfer^ siluer ; Goth, silubr ; G. silber ; 
D. zilver ; Sw. silfeer.] 1 . A metal of a white color and 
lively brilliancy. 2 . Money 3 coin made of silver. 3 . 
Any thing of soft splendor. Pope. 

SIL'VER, a. 1 . Made of silver. 2 . White like silver. 
3 . White, or pale 3 of a pale lustre. 4 . Soft 3 as, a siloer 
voice. 

SIL'VER, V. t. 1 . To cover superficially with a coat of sil- 
ver. 2 . To foliate 3 to cover with tinfoil amalgamated 
with quicksilver. 3 . To adorn with mild lustre 3 to make 
smooth and bright. 4 . To make hoary. 

SIL'VER-BeAT-ER, 71 . [^silver tmdi beater.] One that foli- 
ates silver, or forms it into a leaf. 

SIL'VER-BUSH, n. A plant, a species of anthyllis. 

SIL'VEREDj pp. Covered with a thin coat of silver 3 ren- 
dered smooth and lustrous 3 made white or hoary. 

SIL'VER-FiR, 71 . A species of fir. Berkeley. 

SIL'VER-FISH, 71 . A fish of the size of a small carp. 

SIL'VER-ING, ppr. Covering the surface witli a thin coat 
of silver 3 foliating 3 rendering inildly lustrous. 

SIL'VER-ING, n. The art, operation or practice of covering 
the surface of any thing with silver. 

SIL'VER-LING, n. A silver coin. Is. vii. 

SIL'VER-LY, adv. With the appearance of silver. Shak. 

SIL'VER-SMITH, n. [silver and smith.] One whose occu- 
pation is to work in silver. 

SIL'VER-THIS-TLE, n. [siZrer and thistle.] A plant. 

SIL'VER-TREE, n. A plant of the genus p 7 'otea. 

SIL'VER-WEED, n. A plant of the genus potentilla. 

SIL'VER-Y, a. I. Like silver ; having the appearance of 
silver 3 white 3 of a mild lustre. 2 . Besprinkled or cover- 
ed with silver. 

f SIM'A-GRE, 71 . [Yy. simagree.] Grimace. Dnjden. 

fSI-MXR', )n. [Fr. simarre.] A woman’s robe. Dry- 

f SI-MaRE', ) den. 

SIM'I-LAR, a. [Fr. similaire ; It. simile; Sp. similar; L. 
similis.] Like 3 resembling 3 having a like form or appear- 
ance. 

SIM-I-LAR'I-TY, 71 . Likeness 3 resemblance. 

SIM'I-LAR-LY, adv. In like manner 3 with resemblance. 

t SIM'I-LAR-Y. The same as similar. 

SIM'I-LE, n. [L.] In rhetoric^ similitude ; a comparison of 
two things which, however different in other respects, 
have some strong point or points of resemblance. 

SI-MIL'I-TUDE, n. [Fr.5 L. similitudo.] 1 . Likeness 5 re- 
semblance ; likeness in nature, qualities or appearance. 
2 . Comparison 3 simile. Dry den. 

SI-MIL-I-Tu'DI-NA-RY, a. Denoting resemblance. 

SIM'I-LOR, 71 . A name given to an alloy of red copper and 
zink, made to imitate silver and gold. 

SIM'I-TAR. See Ci METER. 

SIM'MER, V. i. To boil gently, or with a gentle hissing. 

SIM'MER-ING, ppr. Boiling gently. 

SIM'NEL,7i. [Dan. simle ; Sw. simla; G. semmel.] A kind 
of sweet cake 3 a bun. 

SI-Mo'NI-AC, n. [Fr. sirnoniaque.] One who buys or sells 
preferment in the church. Jiiiliffe. 

SIM- 0 -NI'A-€AL, a. 1 . Guilty of simony. 2 . Consisting 
in simony, or the crime of buying or selling ecclesiastical 
preferment. 

SIM- 0 -Nl'A-€AL-LY, adv. With the guilt or offense of 
simony. 

SI-MO'NI-OUS, a. Tartaking of simony 3 given to simony. 

SIM'O-NY, n. [from Simon A/ao-as.] The crime of buying 
or selling ecclesiastical preferment. 

SI-MOOM', 71. A hot, suffocating wind, that blows occa- 
sionallj' in Africa and Arabia. 

SI'MOUS, a. [L. swwo.] 1 . Having a very flat or snub 
nose, with the end turned up. 2 . Concave. Broicn. 

SIM'PER, V. i. To smile in a silly manner. Shak. 

STM'PER, 7?. A smile with an air of silliness. Addison. 

SIM'PER-ING, ppr. Smiling foolishly. 

SIM'PER-ING, 7i. The act of smiling with an air of silli- 
ness. 

SIM'PER-ING-LY, ado. With a silly smile. 

SIM'PLE, a. [Fr. 3 L. simplex.] 1 . Single 3 consisting of 
one thing ; uncompounded 3 unmingled 3 uncombined 
with any thing else. 2 . Plain 3 artless ; not given to de- 
sign, stratagem or duplicity 3 undesigning 3 sincere 5 harm- 
less. 3 . Artless 3 unalfected 3 unconstrained 3 inartifi- 
cial 3 plain. 4 . Unadorned 3 plain. . 5 . Not complex or 
complicated. 6. Weak in intellect 3 not wise or saga- 
cious 3 silly. — 7 . In botany^ undivided, as a root, stem or 
spike 3 only one on a petiole . — A sunple body, in chemis^ 
try, is one that has not been decomposed, or separated 
into two or more bodies. 

SIM'PLE, 71. Something not mixed or compounded. 


SIM'PLE, v.J. To gather simples or plants. Garth. 

SIM'PLE-MiND-ED, a. Artless 3 undesigning. 

SIM'PLE-NESS, 71 . 1 . The state or quality of being simple, 
single or uncompounded. 2 . Arilessness 3 simplicity. 3. 
Weakness of intellect. 

SIM'PLER, 71 . One that collects simples 3 an herbalist 3 a 
simplist. 

I SIM'PLESS, for simplicity, or sUlmess. Spc7iser. 

SIM'PLE-TON, 71 . A silly person 3 a person of weak intel- 
lect 3 a trifler 3 a foolish person. Pope. 

t SIM-PLl"CIAN, 71 . An artless or undesigning person. 

SI?»I-PLIC'I-TY, 71 . [L. simplicitas ; Fr. simpLicite.] 1 . 
Singleness 3 the state of being unmixed or uncompuund- 
ed. 2 . The state of being not complex, or of consisting 
of few parts. 3 . Artlessness of mind 3 freedom from a 
propensity to cunning or stratagem 3 freedom from du- 
plicity 3 sincerity. 4 . Plainness 3 freedom from artificial 
ornament. 5 . Plainness 3 freedom from subtilty or ab- 
struseness. 6. Weakness of intellect 3 silliness. Hooker. 

SIM-PLIF-I-€a'TION, ?t. TJie act of making simple 3 tlie 
act of reducing to simplicity, or to a state not complex. 

SIM'PLI-FjlED, pp. Made simple or not complex. 

SIM'PLI-FY, V. t. [L. simplex and facio ; Fr. simplifier.] 
To make simple 5 to reduce what is complex to greater 
simplicity 3 to make plain or easy. Barrow. 

SIM'PLI-FY-ING, ppr. Making simple. 

SIM'PLIST, n. One skilled in simples or medical plants. 

SUM'PLOCE. See Symploce. 

SIM'PLY, adv. 1 . Without art 3 without subtilty 3 artlessly 5 
plainly. 2 . Of itself 3 without addition 3 alone. 3 . Mere- 
ly 3 solely. 4 . Weakly 3 foolishly. 

SIM'U-LA-GHRE, ?i. [L. simulacru 7 n.] An image. 

|SIM'U-LAR, 71 . [See Simulate.] One who simulates or 
counterfeits something. Shak. 

SIM'U-LATE, V. t. [L. simulo.] To feign 3 to counterfeit 3 
to assume the mere appearance of something, without the 
reality. 

SIM'U-LATE, a. [L. simulatiis.] Feigned 3 pretended. 

SIM'U-LA-TED, pp. or a. Feigned 3 pretended 3 assumed 
artificially. Chesterfield. 

SIM'U-LA-TING, ppr. Feigning 3 pretending 3 assuming 
the appearance of what is not real. 

SIM-U-La'TION, 71 . [Fr.3 L. sbrndatio.] The act of feign- 
ing to be that which is not 3 the assumption of a deceitful 
appearance or character. 

SI-MUIy-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [Fr. sirnultanee ; Sp. simultaneo.] 
Existing or happening at the same time. 

SI-MUI^TA'NE-OUS-LY, ado. At the same time. 

SI-MUL-TA'NE-OUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of be- 
ing or happening at the same time. 

fSIM'UL-TY, 71 . [L. simultas.] Private grudge or quar- 
rel. 

SIN, n. [Sax. sin, or syn ; G. swide ; D. zonde ; Sw., Dan. 

1 . The voluntary departure of a moral agent from 
a known rule of rectitude or duty, prescribed by God 3 
any voluntary transgression of the divine law or viola- 
tion of a divine command 3 a wicked act 3 iniquity. 2 . A 
sin-ofiering 3 an oflering made to atone for sin. 2 Cor. vi 
3 . A man enormously wicked 3 [065.] Shak. 

SIN, V. i. [Sax. si 7 igian, S7jngian.] I. To depart v^olun- 
tarily from tlie path of duty prescribed by God to man 3 
to violate any known rule of duty. 2 . To oftend against 
right, against men or society 3 to trespass. 

SIN, for since, [Scot. S7jne.] Obsolete, or vulgar. 

SIN'A-PISM, 71 . [L. sinapis, sinape.] Jn pharmacy, 3. cnUi- 
plasm composed of mustard-seed pulverized, with some 
other ingredients. 

SINCE, p7'ep. or adv. [Sw. sedan; Dan. siden ; D. sint ; 
supposed to be contracted from Sax. siththan. Our early 
writers used sith, sithe 7 i, sithence.] 1 . After 3 from the 
time that. 2 . Ago 3 past 3 before this. 3 . Because that 3 
this being the fact that.— Since, when it precedes a noun, 
is called a. prcpositio 7 i, but when it precedes a sentence, it 
is called an adverb. 

SIN-CeRE', a. [Fr.3 L. smceru5.] L Pure 3 unmixed. 2 . 
Unhurt 3 uninjured 3 [06s.] 3 . Being in reality what it 

appears to be 3 not feigned 3 not simulated 3 not assum- 
ed or said for the sake of appearance 3 real 3 not liypocrit- 
ical. 

SIN-CeRE'LY, adv. Honestly 3 with real purity of heart ; 
without simulation or disguise 3 unfeignedly. 

SIN-CeRE'NESS, 71 . Sincerity. 

SIN-CER'I-TY, 71 . [Fr. sincerite ; h. sinceydtas.] 1 . Hon- 
esty of mind or intention 3 freedom from simulation or 
hypocrisy. 2 . Freedom from hypocrisy, disguise or false 

pretense. ^ ^ 

SIN'CI-PUT, 77. [L.] The fore part of the head from the 

forehead to the coronal suture. Kncyc. 

fSIN'DON, 71. [L. fine linen.] A wrapper. Bacon. 

SINE, 71. [L. smus.] In geometry, the right sine of an arch 
or arc is a line drawn from one end of that arch, perpen- 
dicular to the radius drawn through the other end, and is 
always equal to half the chord of double the arch. ^ 

SI'NE-€URE, 71. [L. sine and cura.] An office which has 


♦ Se, Synopsij. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE ;-BULL, UNITE.-C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in tkis. f ObKlete. 


SIN 


758 


SIP 


revenue without employment •, in church affairs, a bene- 
fice without cure of souls. 

Sl'NE Di'E, [L. without day.] An adjournment sine die is 
an adjournment without fixing the time of resuming busi- 
ness. 

SIN'E-PITE, n. [L. sinape, mustard.] Something resem- 
bling mustard-seed. De Costa. 

SIJVEW, n. [Sux. sinii, sinw, siiiwe f G. sehne.] 1 . In anat- 
omy, a tendon ; that which unites a muscle to a bone. — 
2. In the plural, strength 3 or rather that which supplies 
strength. 3. Muscle ; nerve. 

SIN'EW, V. t. To knit as by sinews. Shak. 

SIN'EWED, a. 1. Furnished with sinews. 2. Strong 3 
firm 5 vigorous. Shak. 

SIN'EW-LESS, a. Having no strength or vigor. 

SIX'EW-SHRUNK, a. Gaunt-bellied 5 having the sinews 
under the belly shrunk by excess of fiitigue. 

SIN'EW-Y, a. 1. Consisting of a sinew or nerve. 2. 
Nervous 3 strong 3 well braced with sinews 3 vigorous 5 
firm. 

SIN'FfIL, a. [from 5in.] 1. Tainted with sin 3 wicked 3 

iniquitous 3 criminal 3 unholy. ^ Containing sin, or con- 
sisting in sin 3 contrary to the laws of God. 

SINTIJL-LY, adv. In a manner which the laws of God do 
not permit 3 wickedly 3 iniquitously 5 criminally. 

SIN'FIJL-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being sinful or con- 
trary to the divine will 3 wickedness 3 iniquity 3 crimi- 
nality. 2. Wickedness 3 corruption 3 depravity. 

SIxNG, V. i.j pret. sung, sang ; pp. sung. [Bax. singan, syn- 
gan ; G. singen ; D. zingen ; Sw. siunga ; Dan. synger.'] 

1. To utter sounds with various inflections or melodious 
modulations of voice, as fancy may dictate, or according 
to the notes of a song or tune. 2. To utter sweet or mo- 
lodious sounds, as birds. 3. To make a small, shrill 
sound. 4. To tell or relate something in numbers or 
verse. 

SING, V. t. 1. To utter with musical modulations of voice. 

2. To celebrate in song 3 to give praises to in verse. 3. 
To relate or rehearse in numbers, verse or poetry. 

SINGE, (sinj) v. t. [Sax. scengan ; G. sengen ; D. len- 
gen.l To burn slightly or superficially 3 to burn the 
kirface of a thing, as the nap of cloth, or the hair of the 
skin. 

SINGE, n. A burning of the surface 3 a slight burn. 

SINGED, pp. Burnt superficially. 

SINGE'ING, ppr. Burning the surface. 

SING'ER,??. [fi-om 5/V/ o-.] 1. One that sings. 2. One vers- 

ed in music, or one whose occupation is to sing. 3. A 
bird that sings. 

SING'ING, ppr. Uttering melodious or musical notes 3 
making a shrill sound 3 celebrating in song 3 reciting in 
verse. 

SINGTNG, n. The act of uttering sounds with musical in- 
flections 3 musical articulation 3 the utterance of melodi- 
ous notes. 

SINGTNG-BOOK, n. A music-book, as it ought to be call- 
ed ; a uook containing tunes. 

SING'ING-LY, adv. With sounds like singing. 

SING'ING-MAN,?i. [singing and man.] A man who sings, 
or is employed to sing 3 as in cathedrals. 

SING'ING-MAS-TER, n. A music-master 3 one that teaches 
vocal music. Addison. 

SINGTNG-WOM-AN, n. A woman employed to sing. 

SINGLE, a. [L. si«o‘w?W5.] 1. Separate 3 one 3 only ; in- 

dividual; consisting of one only. 2. Particular 3 individ- 
ual. 3. CJncoinpounded. 4. Alone ; having no compan- 
ion or assistant. 5. Unmarried. 6. Not double 3 not 
complicated. 7. Performed with one person or antago- 
nist on aside, or with one person only opposed to another. 
8. Pure 3 simple ; incorrupt 3 unbiased 3 having clear 
vision of divine truth. Matt. vi. 9. Small ; weak ; 
silly 3 [ohs.] — 10. In botany, a single flower is when there 
is only one on a stem, and, in common usage, one not 
double. 

SINGLE, v.t. 1. To select, as an individual person or 
thing from among a number 3 to choose one from others. 
2. To sequester 3 to withdraw 3 to retire 3 [o&s.] 3. To 

take alone 3 [ofts.] 4. To separate. 

SINGLED, pp. Selected from among a number. 

SINGLE-NESS, n. 1. The state of being one only or sepa- 
rate from all others ; the opposite of doubleness, complica- 
tion or multiplicity. 2. Simplicity ; sincerity 3 purity of 
mind or purpose ; freedom from duplicity. 

SINGLE-STIUK, n. A cudgel. JV. of Rng. and Scotland. 

SINGLIN, n. A single gleaning 3 a handful of gleaned 
corn. 

SINGLY, adv. 1. Individually ; particularly. 2. Only by 
himself. 3. Without partners or companions. 4. Honest- 
ly ; sincerely. 

SING'SONG, n. A contemptuous expression for bad sing- 
ing. 

SINGU-LAR, a. [Fr. sin galier •, G. singular is.] 1. Single 3 
not complex or compound. — 2. In grammar, expressing 
one person or thing 3 as the singular number. 3. Particu- 


lar ; existing by itself; unexampled. 4. Remarkable; 
eminent 3 unusual 3 rare. 5. Not common 3 odd ; imply- 
ing something censurable or not approved. 6. Being 
alone 3 that of which there is but one. 

SINGU-LAR, n. A particular instance. [Unusual.] 

t SINGU-LAR-IST, n. One who afl'ects singularity. 

SIN-GU-LART-TY, n. [Fr. singularite.] 1. Peculiarity 3 
some character or quality of a thing by which it is dis- 
tinguished from all, or from most others. 2. An uncom- 
mon character or form 3 something curious or remarkable. 
3. Particular privilege, prerogative or distinction. 4. 
Cliaracter or trait of character difierent from that of oth- 
ers 3 peculiarity. 5. Oddity. 6. Celibacy 3 [oi;^.] J. Tay- 
lor. 

fSINGU-LAR-IZE, v. t. To make single. 

SINGU-LAR-LY, adu. 1. Peculiarly; in a manner or de- 
gree not common to others. 2. Oddly 3 strangely. 3. 
So as to express one or the singular number. 

f SINGULT, 71. [L. singultus.] A sigh. 

SINT-GAL, a. [from sine.] Pertaining to a sine. 

SIN'IS-TER, a. [L.] 1. Left 3 on the left hand, or the side 
of the left hand. 2. Evil 3 bad 3 corrupt; perverse 3 dis- 
honest. 3. Unlucky 3 inauspicious. 

t SIN'IS-TER-HAND-ED, a. Left-handed. 

SINTS-TER-LY, adv. Absurdly 3 perversely 3 unfairly. 

SIN-IS-TROR'SAL, fl. [si/ji.5ter, and Gr. opcw.] Rising from 
left to right, as a spiral line or helix. Henry. 

SINTS-TROtJS, a. 1. Being on the left side 3 inclined to 
the left. Brown. 2. Wrong; absurd 3 perverse. 

SINTS-TROUS-LY, adv. 1. Perversely 3 wrongly. 2. With 
a tendency to use the left as the stronger hand. 

SINK, V. i.', pret. sunk ; pp. sunk. The old pret. sank is near- 
ly obsolete. [Sax. sencan, sincan ; Goth, sigcwan ; G. 
sinken i D. zinken.] 1. To fall by the force of greater grav- 
ity, in a medium or substance of less specific gravity 3 to 
subside. 2. To fall gradually. 3. To enter or penetrate 
into any body. 4. To fall 3 to become lower 3 to subside 
or settle to a level. 5. To be overwhelmed or depressed. 
6. To enter deeply 3 to be impressed. 7. To become 
deep 3 to retire or fall within the surface of any thing. 
8. To fall 3 to decline 3 to decay 3 to decrease. 9. To fall 
into rest or indolence. 10. To be lower 3 to fall. 

SINK, V. t. 1. To put under water; to immerse in a fluid. 
2. To make by digging or delving. 3. To depress 3 to de- 
grade. 4. To plunge into destruction. 5. To cause to 
fall or to be plunged. 6. To bring low 3 to reduce in 
quantity. 7. To depress 3 to overbear 3 to crush. 8. To 
diminish ; to lower or lessen 3 to degrade. 9. To cause to 
decline or fail. 10. To suppress; to conceal 3 to inter- 
vert; [7m7i5waL] 11. To depress 3 to lower in value or 
amount. 12. To reduce 3 to pay 3 to diminish or annihilate 
by payment. 13. To waste 3 to dissipate. 

SINK, It. [Sax. sin,c.] 1. A drain to carry off” filthy water; 
ajakes. 2. A kind of basin of stone or wood to receive 
filthy water. 

SINKTNG, ppr. or a. Falling ; subsiding ; depressing 3 declin- 
ing , — Sinking fund, in finance, a fund created for sinking 
or paying a public debt. 

SIN'LESS, a. [from sin.] 1. Free from sin 3 pure 3 perfect. 
2. Free from sin 3 innocent. 

SIN'LESS-NESS, n. Freedom from sin and guilt. Boyle. 

SIN'NER, n. 1. One that has voluntarily violated the divine 
law 3 a moral agent who has voluntarily disobeyed any 
divine precept, or neglected any known duty. 2. It is 
used in contradistinction to saint, to denote an unregen- 
erate person. 3. An oflender ; a criminal. 

STN'NER, V. i. To act as a sinner; in ludicro'us language. 

SIN'-OF-FER-ING, n. A sacrifice for sin 3 something of- 
fered as an expiation for sin. Ex. xxix. 

SING-PER, i 71. [L. sinopis ; Gr. trtvwrnj.] Red ferrugin- 

SIN'O-PLE, I ous quartz. 

SIx\'TER, 71 . In mineralogy, calcarious sinter is a variety 
of carbonate of lime. 

SIN'U-ATE, V. t. [L. sinuo.] To wind 3 to turn 3 to bend 
in and out. Woodward. 

SIN'U-ATE, a. In botany, a sinuate leaf is one that has 
large curved breaks in the margin, resembling bays. 

SIN-U-a'TION, n. A winding or bending in and out. 

SIN-U-OS'I-TY, 77. [L. shmosus.] The quality of bending 
or curving in and out ; or a series of bends and turns in 
arches or other irregular figures. 

SIN'U-OUS, a. [Fr. sinueux, from L. 5i7iM5.] Winding 3 
crooked 3 bending in and out. Milton. 

Sr'NUS, 77. [L.] 1. A bay of the sea 3 a recess in the shore, 
or an opening into the land. — 2. In anatomy, a cavity in a 
bone or other part, wider at the bottom than at the en- 
trance. — 3. In surgery, a little cavity or sack in which 
pus is collected 3 an abscess with only a small orifice. 4. 
An opening 3 a hollow. 

SIP, V. t. [Sax. sipan ; D. sippen.] 1. To take a fluid into 
the mouth in small quantities by the lips. 2. To drink or 
imbibe in small quantities. 3. To draw into the mouth 3 
to extract. 4. To drink out of. 


^See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD; 


I Obsolffr. 


SlZ 


SIT 759 


SIP, V. i. To drink a small quantity 3 to take a fluid with 
the lips. Dryden. 

SIP, n. The taking of a liquor with the lips 3 or a small 
draught taken with the lips. Milton. 

SIPE, V. i. To ooze 3 to issue slowly. [Local.'\ Qrose. 

SIPH'I-LIS, 71. [Gr. (Ti<pXo£.] The venereal disease. 

SIPH-I-LIT'IG, a. Pertaining to the venereal disease, or 
partaking of its nature. 

SI'PHON, n. [L. sipho ; It. sifone ¥r. siphon.'] 1 . A bent 
pipe or tnbe whose legs are of unequal length, used for 
drawing liquor out of a vessel by causing it to rise over 
the rim or top. 2. The pipe by which the chambers of a 
sliell communicate. 

S1-PH(JN'€U-LA-TED, a. [It. siphunculus.] Having alittle 
siphon or spout, as a valve. Say. 

SITING, n. The act of oozing. Granger. 

SIPPED, pp. Drawn in with the lips. 

SIPTER, 71. One that sips. 

tSIPTET, 71. A small sop. Milton. 

Si Q,UIS. [L. if any one.] These words give name to a no- 
tification by a candidate for orders of his intention to in- 
quire whether any impediment may be alledged against 
him. 

Sir, 71. [Fr. sire, and sieur, in rnonsieur 3 Norm, sire^ lord 3 
Corn. si 7 'a.] 1. A word of respect used in addresses to 
men, as madam is in addresses to women. 2 . The title 
of a knight or baronet. 3. It is used by Shakspeare for 
'man; [ 06 s. ] 4. In sowie American colleges^ the l\l\e di 
master of arts. 5. It is prefixed to ioin, in sirloin ; as, a 
sirloin of beef. 6 . Formerly^ the title of a priest. 

SIRE, 71. J. A father 3 used in poetry. 2. The male parent 
of a beast 3 particularly used of horses. 3. It is used in 
composition. 

SIRE, V. t. To beget 3 to procreate 3 tised of beasts. Shah. 
Sired, pp. Begotten. 

*SIR'EN, or SI'REN, n. [L. 3 Fr. sirene ; It. sirena.] 1. A 
mermaid. — In ancient mythology^ a goddess who enticed 
men into her power by the charms of music, and devoured 
them. Hence, in modern use^ an enticing woman. 2. A 
species of lizard in Carolina. 

*S1R'EN, or Si REN, a. Pertaining to a siren, or to the 
dangerous enticements of music 3 bewitching 3 fascinat- 
ing. 

SIR'EN-lZE, V. i. To practice the allurements of a siren. 

SI-Rl'A-SIS, 71. [Gr. oioiaais.] An inflammation of the 
brain, proceeding from the excessive heat of the sun 3 
phrensy almost peculiar to children. 

SIR'I-US, 71. [L.] The large and bright star called the dog- 
star^ in the mouth of the constellation cams major. 

SiR'LOlN, 71. A particular piece of beef so called. See 
Sir. 

SiR'NAME is more correctly written surname. 

Si'RO, n. A mite. Encyc. 

SI-ROC'CO, 71. [It. 3 Sp. .siroco, or zaloque.] A pernicious 
wind that blows from the south-east in Italy, called the 
Syrian wind. 

SIR'OP. The same as sirup. 

^‘SIR'RAH, 71. A word of reproach and contempt 3 used in 
addressing vile characters. Shak. 

SiRT, n. [L. syrtis.] A quicksand. 

*SiR'UP, (sur'up) 71. [Oriental.] The sweet juice of vegeta- 
bles or fruits, or other juice sweetened 3 or sugar boiled 
with vegetable infusions. 

^SiR'UPED, a. Moistened or tinged with sirup or sweet 
juice. Drayton. 

* SiR'UP-Y, a. Like sirup, or partaking of its qualities. 

fSI.SE, for assize. 

SIS'KIN, 71. A bird, the green-finch 3 another name of the 
aberdavine. 

SISS, v.i. [D. sisscTi.] To hiss. icord in popxilar tise in 
J\Tew England.] 

SIS'TER, 71. [Sax. sweoster ; D. zuster ; G. schwester ; Svv. 
syster j Dan. *bster.] 1. A female born of the same pa- 
rents. 2. A woman of the same faith 3 a female fellow- 
Christian. 3. A female of the same kind. 4. One of the 
same kind, or of the same condition. 5. A female of the 
same society 3 as the nuns of a convent. 

SIS'TER, V. t. To resemble closely. [Little used.] Shak. 

SIS'TER, V. i. To be akin 3 to be near to. \L. ii.] Shak. 

SIS'TER-HOOD, 71. [.s-istei* and /looiZ.] 1. Sistei-s collective- 
ly, or a society of sisters ; or a society of females united in 
one faith or order. 2. The otfice or duty of a sister 3 [/. 71.] 

SIS'TER-IN-LAVV, 71. A husband’s or wile’s sister. Ruth. 

SIS'TER-LY, fl’.' Like a sister 3 becoming a sister 3 atiec- 
tionate. 

Srr, V. i. ; pret. sat ; old pp. sitlcn. [Goth, sitan ; Sax. si7.a?i, 
or sittnn ; D.zitten; G. sitzcn ; S>w. sitta ; Ban. sidder ; 
B.sedco.] 1. To rest upon the buttocks, as animals. 2. 
To perch 3 to rest on the feet 3 as fowls. 3. To occupy a 
seat or jilace in an official capacity. 4. To be in a state 
of rest or idleness. 5. To rest, lie or bear on, as a weight 
or burden. 6 . To settle 5 to rest ; to abide. 7. To incu- 
bate 5 to cover and warm eggs for hatching 3 as a fowl. 
8 . To be adjusted 5 to be, with respect to fitness or unfit- 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 3— BULL, UNITE. 


ness. 9. To be placed in order to be painted. JO. To be 
in any situation or condition. 11. To hold a session 3 to 
be officially engaged in public business 3 as judges, legisla- 
tors or officers of any kind. 12. To exercise authority. 
13. To be in any assembly or council as a member 3 to 
have a seat. 14. To be in a local position 3 as, the wind 
sits fair 3 [iniusual.] — 'I'o sit down. 1 . To place one’s self 
on a chair or other seat. 2. To begin a siege. 3. To 
settle 3 to fix a permanent abode. 4. To rest 3 to cease as 
satisfied. — Tositout .,10 be without engagement. [L. u.] 
— To sit up. 1. To rise or be raised from a recumbent pos- 
ture. 2. Not to go to bed. 

Sll’, V. t. 1. To keep the seat upon 3 as, he sits a horse well. 

2. To s'd me down, to s'lt him down, to sit them down, 
equivalent to I seated myself, <ftc. 3. “ The court was 
sat,” an expression of Addison, is an impropriety. 

SITE, n. [L. 6 -ifus.] 1 . Situation 5 local position. 2. A seat 
or ground-plot. 3. The posture of a thing with respect to 
itself. 

t BITTED, a. Placed 3 situated. Spenser. 

SIT'FNST, 71. A hard knob growing on a horse’s back un- 
der the saddle. Far. Diet. 

[SITU, adv. [Sax. sith, siththan.] Since 3 in later times. 
Spenser. 

t SITHE, n. Time. Spenser. 

SITHE. SceSvTHE. 

jSlTH'ENCE, ) adv. [Sax. siththan,] Since 3 in later thnes. 

fSlTil^ES, ^ Spenser. 

SIT'TER, 71. 1. One that sits. 2. A bird that incubates. 

SIT'4TNG, ppr. 1. Resting on the buttocks, or on the feet, 
as fowls 3 incubating 3 brooding. — 2 . a. In botany, sessile. 

SIT'TING, n. 1 . 'J'he posture of being on a seat. 2. The 
act of placing one’s self on a seat. 3. The act or time of 
resting in a posture for a painter to take the likeness. 4. 
A session 3 the actual presence or meeting of any body of 
men. 5. An uninterrupted application to business or 
study for a time 3 course of study unintermitted, ti. A 
time for which one sits, as at play, at work or on a visit. 
7. Incubation 3 a resting on eggs for hatching 3 as fowls. 

SIT'U-ATE, a. [Fr. situer ; It. situare, situnto ; Bp. sitvar.] 

1. Placed, with respect to any other object. 2. Placed : 
consisting. 

SIT'U-A-TED, a. Seated, placed or standing with respect 
to any other object. 2. Placed or being in any state or 
condition with regard to men or things. 

SIT-U-a'TION, n. [Fr. 3 It. sitiiazionc.] 1. Position 3 seat 3 
location in respect to something else. 2. State 5 condition. 

3. Circumstances ; temporary state. 4. Place 3 office. 

SIV'AN, 77 . The third month of the Jewish ecclesiastical 

year, answering to part of our May and part of June. 

SIX, a. [Fr. six ; L. sex ; It. sei ; Sp. seis ; D. zes ; G. seeks ; 
Dan., Svv. sex ; Sax. ^iz.] Twice three. 

SIX, n. The number of six or twice three. — I'o be at six and 
seven, or, as more generally used, at sixes and sevens, is to 
be in disorder. Swift. 

SIX'I'^oLD, a. [six and fold; Sax. .six and /cufd.] Six times 
repeated ; six double ; six times as much. 

SIX'PENCE, n. 1. An English silver coin of the value of six 
pennies 3 half a shilling. 2. The value of six iiennies. 

SIX'-PEN-NY, a. Worth sixpence 3 as a six-penny loaf. 

SrX'-Pi:T-ALP]D, a. In botany, having six petals. 

SIX'SGORE, a. [ 5 ix and score.] Six times twenty 3 one 
hundred and twenty. Sandjjs. 

SIX'TfJEN, a. [Sax. sixtenc, sixtyne.] Six and ten 3 noting 
the sum of six and ten. 

SIX'TEENTH, < 7 . [Sax. sixteotha.] The sixth after the tenth 3 
the ordinal of sixteen. 

SIXTH, a. [Sax. sixta.] The first after the fifth 3 the ordinal 
of six. 

SIXTH, n. J. 7'he sixth part.— 2. In znusic, a hexachord, an 
interval of two kinds. 

SIXTH'LY, adv. In the sixth place. Bacon. 

SIX'TI-ETH, a. [Sax. sixteogotha.] The ordinal of sixty. 

SIX'TY, a. r^ax. siztig.] Ten times six. 

SIX'TY, n. The number of six times ten. 

STZ'A-BLE, «. 1. Of considerable bulk. Hurd. 2. Being 
of reasonable or suitable size 3 as, sizable timber. 

SIZE, 71 . [contracted from assize, or from L. scis.?i<s.] J. 
Bulk 3 bigness 5 magnitude; extent of superficies. 2. A 
settled quantity or allowance, [contracted from assize.] 
3. Figurative bulk 3 condition as to rank and character 3 
[little used.] 

SIZE, n. [W. syth ; Sp. sisa.] 1. A glutinous substance pre- 
pared from diflerent materials 3 used in manufactures. 2 . 
An instrument consisting of thin leaves fastened together 
at one end by a rivet. . 

SIZE, V. t. 1. To adjust or arrange accord mg to size or bulk. 

2. To settle ; to fix the standard ; [l.u.] 3. To cover 
with size ; to prepare with size. 4. Po svv'ell 3 to in- 
crease the bulk of. — 5. Among Cornish ziii/icrs, to separate 
the finer from the coarser parts of a metal by sifting 

SIZED, 7777 . 1. Adjusted according to size; prepared with 
size. 2. a. Having a particular magnitude. Shan. 


€ as K 3 G as J 3 .« as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this. | Obsolete 


S]CI 


760 


SKI 


SIZ'EL, 7J. In coining, tlie residue of bars of silver, after 
pieces are cut out for coins. 

SlZ'EK, n. In the unioersity of Cambridge, a student of the 
rank next below that of a pensioner. 

STZ'I-NESS, «. Glutinousness; viscousness. 

SiZ'Y, a. Glutinous ; thick and viscous ; ropy ; having the 
adhesiveness of size. Arbuthnot. 
f SKAD'DLE, n. [Sax. scath, sceath.'] Hurt ; damage. 
fSKAD'DLE, a. Hurtful; mischievous. Ray. 
t SKAD'DOAS, n. The embryos of bees. Bailey. 

SKA IN, 71. [Fr. escaigne.'] A knot of thread, yarn or silk, 
or a number of knots collected, 
t SKaINSLMATE, V. A messmate ; a companion. 

SKALD, n. [qu. Svv. scalla.'\ An ancient Scandinavian 
poet or bard. Better scald. 

SKARE I j timid ; shy. Grose. 

SKATE, n. [D. schaats ; It. scatto.] A sort of shoe furnished 
with a smooth iron for sliding on ice. 

SKATE, V. i. To slide or move on skates. 

SKATE, 71. [Sax. sceadda ; L. squatas, squatina.] A fish of 
the ray kind, [raia batis ;) called the variegated ray-fish. 
SKaT'ER, 77. One who skates on ice. Johnson. 

•[SKeAN, 77. [Sax. s(Egen.'\ A short sword, or a knife. 
SKEED. See Skid. 

SKEEL,77. [G.schale'j Eng. shell.'] A shallow wooden ves- 
sel for holding milk or cream. {Local.] Grose. 

SKEER, V. t. To mow lightly over. Jennings. 

SKEET, 77. A long scoop used to wet the sides of ships or 
the sails. Mar. Viet. 

SKEG, 77. A sort of wild plum. Johnson. 

SKEG'GER, 77. A little salmon. Walton. 

SKEL'E-TON, 77. [Fr. squelctte ; It. scheletro ; Sp. esque- 
leto.] 1. The bones of an animal body , separated from the 
flesh and retained in their natural position or connections. 

2. The compages, general structure or frame of any thing. 

3. A very thin or lean person. 

SKEL'LUM, w* [G. schelm.] A scoundrel. 

KEL'LY, V. i. To squint. Brockett. 

SKELP, 77. [Icel. skelfa.] A blow ; a smart stroke. Broc- 
kett. 

SKEN, V. i. To squint. Craven dialect. 

SKEP, 77. 1. A sort of basket. — 2. In Scotland, the reposito- 
ry in which bees lay their honey. Johnson. 

SKEP'TIG. See Sceptic. 

SKETCH, 77. [D.schets^ G. skizze ; Fr. esquissc ; Sp. es- 
guicio.] An outline or general delineation of anything; 
a first rough or incomplete draught of a plan or any de- 
sign. 

SKETCH, V. t. 1. To draw the outline or general figure of 
a thing ; to make a rough draught. 2. To plan by giving 
the principal points or ideas. Vryden. 

SKETCHED, pp. Having the outline drawn. 
SKETCHTNG, ppr. Drawing the outline. 

SKEW, ado. [G.schief; Ban. skicev.] Awry; obliquely, 
f SKEW, V. t. [Dan. skicever.] 1. To look obliquely upon ; 
to notice slightly. 2. To shape or form in an oblique 
way. 

SKEW, i. To walk obliquely. [Local.] 

SKEW'ER, 71. A pin of wood or iron for fastening meat to 
a spit, or for keeping it in form while roasting. 
SKEW'ER, V. t. To fasten with skewers. 

SKID, 77. 1. A curving timber to preserve a ship’s side from 
injury by heavy bodies hoisted or lowered against it ; a 
slider. 2. A chain used for fastening the wheel of a 
wagon. 

SKIFF, 77. [Fr. esquif ; It. schifo ; Sp. esquifoj G. schiff.] 
A small, light boat, resembling a yawl. Mar. Viet. 
SKIFF, V. t. To pass over in a light boat. 

SKILL, 77. [Sax. scylan ; Ice., Sw. skilia ; Dan. skiller.] 1. 
The familiar knowledge of any art or science, united 
with readiness and dexterity in the application to practi- 
cal purposes. 2. Any particular art ; [ois.] 
t SKILL, V. t. To know ; to understand. 

{skill, V. i. 1. To be knowing in ; to be dextrous in per- 
formance. 2. To differ ; to make difference ; to be of in- 
terest. 

skilled, a. Having familiar knowledge united with 
readiness and dexterity in the application of it ; familiar- 
ly acquainted with. 

I SKIL'LESS, a. Wanting skill ; artless. Shak. 

SKIL'LET, 77. [qu. Fr. ecuelle, ecnellette.] A small vessel 
of metal, with a long handle ; used for heating and boiling 
water. 

SKILL'FUL, a. 1. Knowing ; well versed in any art ; 
hence, dextrous ; able in management ; able to perform 
nicely any manual operation in the arts or professions. 
2. Well versed in practice. 

SKILL'FIIL-LY, ado. With skill ; dextrously. 
SKILL'FIIL-NESS, v. The quality of possessing' skill ; 
dextrousness ; ability to perform well in any art or busi- 
ness. 

SKIL'LING, 77. An isle or bay of a barn ; also, a slight ad- 
dition to a cottage. [Local.] 


t SKILT, 77. [See Skill.] Difference. Cleaveland. 

SKIM, 77. [a difterent orthography of scum / Fr. ecume ; It. 
schiuma i G schaum j D. schnim ^ Dan., Sw. skum.] 
Scum ; the thick matter that forms on the surface of a 
liquor. [Little used.] 

SKIM, V. t. To take off the thick, gross matter which sep- 
arates from any liquid substance and collects on the sur- 
face. 2. To take off by skimming. 3. To pass near the 
surface ; to brush the surface slightly. 

SKIM, V. i. 1. To pass lightly ; to glide along in an even, 
smooth course, or without flapping. 2. To glide along 
near the surface ; to pass lightly. 3. To hasten over su- 
perficially or with slight attention. 

SKIM'BLE-SGAM'BLE, a. [a duplication of ^caiTiWe.] Wan- 
dering ; disorderly. [A low word.] Shak. 

SKIM'ING-TON, ) n. A vulgar word from the Danish 

SKIM'I-TRY, \ skieniter, to jest ; used in the phrase, 
to ride skimington, or skiviitry. 

SKIM'-€oULT-ER, n. A coulter for paring off the surface 
of land. 

SKIMMED, pp. Taken from the surface ; having the thick 
matter taken from the surface ; brushed along. 

SKIM'MER, 77. 1. A utensil in the form of a scoop ; used 
for skimming liquors. 2. One that skims over a subject ; 
[Z. 77.] 3. A sea-fowl, the cut-water. 

SKIM'-MILK, 77. Milk from which the cream has been 
taken. 

SKIM'MINGS, n.,plu. Matter skimmed from the surface 
of liquors. Kd^oards, W. Indies. 

SKIN, 77. [Sax. scin ; Sw. skhin ; Dan. skind.] 1. The natu- 
ral covering of animal bodies, consisting of the cuticle or 
scarf-skin, the rete mucosum, and the cutis or hide. 2. A 
hide ; a pelt ; the skin of an animal separated from the 
body, whether green, dry or tanned. 3. The body ; the 
person ; in ludicrous language. 4. The bark or husk of 
a plant ; the exterior coat of fruits and plants. 

SKIN, V. t. 1 To strip off the skin or hide ; to flay ; to peel. 
2. To cover with skin. 3. To cover superficially. 

SKIN, V. i. To be covered with skin. 

SKIN'DEEP, a. Superficial ; not deep ; slight. 

SKIN'FLINT, 77. A very niggardly person. 

SKINK, n. [^Sax. scene.] 1. Drink; pottage; [o&5.] 2. 
[L. scincus.j A small lizard of Egypt. 

I SKINK, V. i. [Sax. scencan G., D. schenken Dan. 
skienker.] To serve drink. 

t SKINK'ER, 77. One that serves liquors. Shak. 

SKIN'LESS, a. [from skin.] Having a thin skin. 

SKINNED, pp. 1. Stripped of the skin ; flayed. 2. Cov- 
ered with skin. 

SKIN'NER, 77. 1. One that skins. 2. One that deals in 
skins, pelts or hides. 

SKIN'NI-NESS, 77. The quality of being skinny. 

SKIN'NY, a. Consisting of skin, or of skin only ; wanting 
flesh. Addison. 

SKIP, V. i. [Dan. kipper, to leap ; Ice. skopa.] To leap ; to 
bound ; to spring ; as a goat or lamb. 

SKIP, V. t. To pass over or by ; to omit ; to miss. 

SKIP, 77. A leap ; a bound ; a spring. Sidney. 

SKIP'-JACK, 77. An upstart. L^Estrange. 

SKIP'-KEN-NEL, n. A lackey ; a footboy. 

SKIP'PER, 77. [Ban. skipper ; B. schipper.] L The master 
of a small trading vessel. 2. [from skip.] A dancer. 3. 
A youngling ; a young, thoughtless person. 4. The horn- 
fish, so called. 5. 'Phe cheese-maggot. 

f SKIP'PET, 77. A small boat. Spenser. 

SKIP'PING, ppT*. Leaping; bounding. 

SKIP'PING-LY, ado. By leaps. 

SKIRL, V. i. To scream out. See Shrill. 

SKIRM'ISII, 77. [Fr. escarmouche ; It. scaramuccia.] 1. A 
slight fight in war ; a light combat by armies at a great dis- 
tance from each other, or between detachments and small 
parties. 2. A contest ; a contention. 

SKIRM'ISII, V. i. To fight slightly or in small parties. 

SKIRM'ISH-ER, n. One that skirmishes. 

SKlRM'lSH-ING,ppr. Fighting slightly. 

SKIRM'ISH-ING, ?7. The act of fighting in a loose or slight 
encounter. 

tSKIRR, V. t. To scour ; to ramble over in order to clear. 

t SKIRR, V. i. To scour ; to scud ; to run hastily. 

SKIR'RET, 77. A plant of the genus sium. Mortimer. 

SKIR'RUS. See Scirrhus. 

SKIRT, (skurt) n. [Sw.skiorta ; Dan. s/ciot-L] 1. The lower 
and loose part of a coat or other garment ; the part below 
the waist. 2. The edge of any part of dress. 3. Border ; 
edge ; margin ; extreme part. 4. A woman’s garment 
like a petticoat. 5. The diaphragm or midriff in ani- 
mals. 

SKIRT, V. t. To border ; to form the border or edge ; or to 
run along the edge. 

SKIRT, V. i. To be on the border; to live near the ex- 
tremity. 

SKIRT'ED, pp. Bordered. 

SKIRT'ING^ ppr. Bordering ; forming a border. 

fSKIT, 77 . A wanton girl ; a reflection ; a jibe ; a whim. 


♦ See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PilgY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


SLA 


SLA 


761 


SKIT, v.t, [Sax. scitan.] To cast reflections. \LocalA 
Orose. 

SKIT'TISH, a. [qu. Fr. ecouteux.] 1. Shy ; easily fright- 
ened ; shunning familiarity j timorous. 2. Wanton : vola- 
tile ; hasty. 3. Changeable ; tickle. Shak. 

SKIT'TISH-LY, adv. Shyly ; wantonly ; changeablv. 
SKIT'TISH-NESS, n. 1. Shyness; aptness to fear ap- 
proach ; timidity. 2. Fickleness ; wantonness. 
SKIT'TLES, n. Nine-pins. JVarton. 

SKOL'E-ZITE, n. A mineral allied to Thomsonite. 
SKONCE. See Sconce. 

SKOR'A-DITE, n. [Gr. cKopoSojv^ A mineral. 

SKREED, n. A border of cloth. Craven dialect. 

SKREEN. See Screen. 

SKRINGE. A vulgar corruption of cringe. 

SKRUN'TY, a. Low ; stunted. Craven dialect. 

SKuE. See Skew. 

SKUG, V. t. To hide. [LocaZ.j 

SKULK, r. i. To lurk ; to withdraw into a corner or into a 
close place for concealment. See Sculk. 

SKULL, n. [Sw. skalle, skal ; Dan. skal ; D. scheeL] 1. 
The bone that forms the exterior of the head, and incloses 
the brain ; the brain-pan. 2. A person. 3. Skull, for 
shoal or school, of fish ,• [oZ>s.] 

SKULL'-€AP, n. 1. A head-piece. 2. A plant of the ge- 
nus Scutellaria. Encyc. 

SKUNK, n. In America, the popular name of a fetid animal 
of the weasel kind ; the viverra mephitis. 
SKUNK'GAB-BAGE, ) n. A plant vulgarly so called, the 
SKUNK/WEED, j tetodes fcetidul 
SKUR'RY, n. Haste ; impetuosity. Brockett. 

SKUTE, V. A boat. See Scow. 

SKY, 71. [Sw.sky; Dan.sA-^c.] 1. The aerial region which 
surrounds the earth ; the apparent arch or vault of heaven. 
2. The heavens. 3. The weather ; the climate. 4. A 
cloud ; a shadow ; [o&s.] 

SKY'-CoL'OR, n. The color of the sky ; a particular spe- 
cies of blue color ; azure. Boyle. 

SK Y'-€oL-ORED, a. Like the sky in color ; blue : azure. 
SKY^-DyED, a. Colored like the sky. Pope. 

SKY’EY, a. Like the sky ; ethereal. Shak. 

SKY'ISH, a. Like the sky, or approaching the sky. 
SKY'^-IiARK, 71. A lark that mounts and sings as it flies. 
SKY'-LTGHT, ?{. A window placed in the top of a house or 
ceiling of a room for the admission of light. 

SKY^-ROGK-ET, 77. A rocket that ascends high and burns 
as it flies ; a species of fire-works. Addison. 
t SLAB, a. Thick ; viscous. Shak. 

SLAB, 77. [W. llah, yslah.'] 1. A plane or table of stone. 
2. An outside piece taken from timber in sawing it into 
boards, planks, &c. 3. A puddle. 

* SLAB'BER, V. i. [D. slnhhen ; G. schlabbev, schlabern.] 
To let the saliva or other liquid fall from the mouth care- 
lessly ; to drivel. 

* SLAB'BER, V. t. 1. To sup up hastily, as liquid food. 2. 
To wet and foul by liquids suffered to fall carelessly from 
the mouth. 3. To shed ; to spill. 

* SLAB'BER-ER, n. One that slabbers : an idiot. 

^ SLAB BER-ING, pfrr. Driveling. 

SLAB'BY, a. 1. Thick; viscous. [Little used.] 2. Wet. 
SLAB'-LINE, 77. A line or small rope by which seamen 
truss up the main-sail or fore-sail. Mar. Diet. 

SLACK, a. [Sax. slcec ; Sw. slak.] 1. Not tense ; not hard 
drawn ; not firmly extended. 2. Weak ; remiss ; not 
holding fast. 3. Remiss ; backward ; not using due dili- 
gence ; not earnest or eager. 4. Not violent ; not rapid ; 
slow. 

SLACK, fffZ??. Partially; insufficiently; not intensely. 
SLACK, 77. The part of a rope that hangs loose, having no 
stress upon it. Mar. Diet. 

SliACK, or SLACK'EN, v. i. [Sax. slacian ; D. slaaken.] 
1. To become less tense, firm or rigid ; to decrease in ten- 
sion. 2. To be remiss or backward ; to neglect. Dent. 
xxiii. 3. To lose cohesion or the quality of adhesion. 4. 
To abate ; to become less violent. 5. To lose rapidity ; to 
become more slow. 6. To languish ; to fail ; to flag. 

Sli ACK, or SLACK'EN, v. t. 1 . To lessen tension ; to make 
less tense or tight. 2. To relax ; to remit. 3. To miti- 
gate ; to diminish in severity. 4. To become more slow ; 
to lessen rapidity. 5. To abate ; to lower. 6. To relieve ; 
to unbend ; to remit. 7. To withhold ; to use less liber- 
ally. 8. To deprive of cohesion ; as, to slack lime. 9. To 
repress; to check. 10. To neglect. 11. To repress, or 
make less quick or active. 

STjACK, 77. Small coal ; coal broken into .small parts. Eng. 
>STjACK,77. a valley, or small, shallow dell. [Local.] Orose. 
SLACK'EN, 77. Among miners, a spungy, semi-vitrified 
substance which they mix with the ores of metals to pre- 
vent their fusion. 

SLACK'LY, adv. 1. Not tightly ; loosely. 2. Negligently ; 
remissly. 

SLACK'NESS, 77. 1. Looseness; the state opposite to ten- 
sion ; not tightness or rigidness. 2. Remissness ; negli- 


gence ; inattention. 3. Slowness ; tardiness ; want of 

; not intenseness. 

SLADE, 77.. [Sax. slmd.] A little dell or valley ; also, a flat 

[LocaZ.] Drayton. 

SLAG, 77. [Dan. slagg.] The dross or recrement of a metal ; 
or vitrified cinders. Boyle. 

SLaIL, (sla) 77. [Sax. sl(s.] A weaver’s reed. 

SLAIN, pp. of slay ,• so written for slayen. Killed. 

SLAKE, V. t. [Sw. slacka : Ice. slcecka.] To quench ; to 
extinguish ; as, to slake thirst. Spenser. 

SLAKE, V. i. 1. To go out ; to become extinct. Broten. 2. 
To grow less tense ; [a mistake for slack.] 

SLAM, V. t. [Ice. lema ; Old Eng. lam ,• Sax. hlemman.] 

1. To strike with force and noise ; to shut with violence. 

2. To beat ; to cuft' ; [local.] Orose. 3. To strike down ; 
to slaughter ; [local.] 4. To win all the tricks in a hand ; 
as we say, to take all at a stroke or dash. 

SLAM, 77. 1. A violent driving and dashing against ; a vio- 
lent shutting of a door. 2. Defeat at cards, or the win- 
ning of all the tricks. 3. The refuse of alum-works; 
[local.] 

SLAM'KIN, ) 71. [Q. schla?npe.] A slut ; a slatternly 

SLAM'MER-KIN, I woman. [A"ot used, or local.] 

SLAN'DER, 77. [Norm. C5cZa77777Zer Fr. esclandre.] 1. A 
false tale or report maliciously uttered, and tending to in- 
jure the reputation of another ; defamation. 2. Disgrace ; 
reproach ; disreputation ; ill name. 

SLAN'DER, V. t. 3’o defame ; to injure by maliciously ut- 
tering a false report respecting one. 

SLAN'DERED, pp. Defamed ; injured in good name by 
false and malicious reports. 

SLAN'DER-ER, n. A defamer ; one who injures another by 
maliciously reporting something to his prejudice. 

SLaN'DER-ING, ppr. Defaming. 

SLAN'DER-OUS, a. 1. That utters defamatory words or 
tales. 2. Containing slander or defamation ; calumnious. 

3. Scandalous ; reproachful. 

SLAN'DER-OUS-LY, adv. With slander; calumniously ; 
with false and malicious reproach. 

SLAN'DER-OUS-NEtSS, n. The state or quality of being 
slanderous or defamatory. 

SLANG, old pret. of sling. We now use slung. 

SLANG, 77. Low, vulgar, unmeaning language. [Loio.] 

SLANG'-WII ANG-ER, 77. A noisy demagogue ; a turbulent 
partisan. A cant word of recent origin in America, used 
only in familiar style, or works of humor. Pick. Vocab. 

SLANK, 77. A plant ; [7/Zi»-77 7777/r7 7777 .] Ainsicorth. 

SLANT, or SLANTHNG, a. [Sw. slinta, slaoit.] Sloping ; 
oblique ; inclined from a direct line, whether horizontal 
or perpendicular. 

SLANT, V. t. To turn from a direct line ; to give an oblique 
or sloping direction to. Fuller. 

SLANT, 77. 1. An oblique reflection or gibe ; a sarcastic re- 
mark ; [7'77Zrr«7*.] 2. A copper coin of Sweden. 

SLANT'ING-LY, adv. With a slope or inclination ; also, 
with an oblique hint or remark. 

SLANT'LY, )adv. Obliquely; in an inclined direction. 

SLANTAVISE, i Tusser. 

SLAP, 77. [G. scJilappe ; W. ijslapiaw.] A blow given with 
the open hand, or with something broad. 

SLAP, V. t. To strike with the open hand, or with some- 
thing broad. 

SLAP, ndr. With a sudden and violent blow. Arh7ithnot. 

SLAP'DASH, adi'. [slap and dash.] All at once. [Low.] 

SLAPE, 77. Slippery ; smooth. [Local.] Orose. 

SLAP'pFnG, i t ^wZ^-cr.] 

SLASH, V. t. [Ice. slasa.] 1. To cut by striking violently 
and at random ; to cut in long cuts. 2. To lash. 

SLASH, 77. 7 . To strike violently and at random with a 
sword, hanger or other edged instrument; to lay about 
one with blows. 

SLASH, 77. A long cut ; a cut made at random. 

SLASHED, pp. Cut at random. 

SLASH'ING, ppr. Striking violently and enttiner at random. 

SLAT, 77. [This is doubtless the sloat of the English diction- 
aries. See Sloat. 1 A narrow piece of board or timber 
used to fasten together larger pieces. 

SLATCH, 77. 1. In seameiPs language, the period of a tran- 
sitory breeze. Mar. Diet. 2. An interval of fair weather. 
3. Slack ; see Slack. 

STiATE, 77. [Fr. eclater ; Sw. slifa.] 1. An argillaceous 
stone which readily splits into plates ; argillite ; argilla- 
ceous shist. 2. A piece of smooth argillaceous stone, used 
for covering buildings. 3. A piece of smooth stone of the 
above species, used for writing on. 

SliATE, V. t. To cover with slate or plates of stone. 

SLATE, or SLETE, v. t. To set a dog loose at any thing. 
[T.oraL] Ray. 

SLaTE'-AXE, 77 . A mattock with an axe-end ; used in 
slating. 

SLaT'ED, pp. Covered with slate. 

SLaT'ER, 77. One that lays slates, or whose occupation is 
to slate buildings. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK , D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


SLE 


762 


SLE 


SLaT’ING^ pjpr. Covering with slates. 

SLAT'TER, V. i. [G. schlottern.'] 1. Tobecarel sof dress, 
and dirty. 2. To be careless, negligent or awkward j to 
spill carelessly. 

SLAT'TEllN, n. A woman who is negligent of her dress j 
one who is not neat and nice. 

SLAT''J'EilN, V. t. To slattern awaij, to consume carelessly 
or wastcfuliy ; to waste. [Unusual.] 

SLAT'TERN-LY, adv. Negligently ; awkwardly. 

SLa'TV, a. Resembling slate ; having the nature or proper- 
ties of slate ; as, a slaty color or texture. 

SLAUGH'TER, (slaw'ter) n. [Sax. slcpue ; D. slagtin a- ; G. 
sclilachten.] 1. In a (reneral sense, a killing. Applied to 
vien, slaufThter usually denotes great destruction of life by 
violent means. — 2. Applud to beasts, butchery ; a killing 
of oxen or other beasts for market. 

SLAUGH'TER, (slaw'ter) v. t. 1. To kill ; to slay ; to make 
great destruction of life. 2. To butchery to kill for the 
market ; as beasts. 

SLAUGH'TEREI), (slawkerd) pp. Slain ; butchered. 

SLAUGfTTER-ER, (siaw'ter-er) n. One employed in kill- 

iiVg. 

SLAUGH'TER-HOUSE, (slaw'ter-house) n. A house where 
beasts are butchered for the market. 

SLAUGH'TER-ING, (slaw'ter-ing) ppr. Killing : destroying 
human life ; butchering. 

SLAUGIRTER-IMAN, (slaw'ter-man) n. One employed in 
killing. S/iak. 

SLAUGfl'TER-OUS, a. Destructive ; murderous. 

SLAVE, n. [D. slaaf; G. solace ,• Dan. slave, sclave ; Sw. 
slaf ; Fr. esclave ; Sp. esclavo.] 1. A person who is 
wholly subject to the will of another. 2. One who has 
lost the power of resistance ; or one who surrenders Iiim- 
self to any power whatever. 3. A mean person ; one in 
the lowest state of life. 4. A drudge •, one wlio labors like 
a slave. 

SLAVE, V. i. To drudge ; to toil j to labor as a slave. 

SLaVE'BORN, a. Born in slavery. 

SLaVETjIKE, a. Like or becoming a slave. 

SLAVER, n. [the same as slabber?] Saliva driveling from 
the mouth. Pope. 

SLAV'ER, V. i. 1. To suffer the spittle to issue from the 
mouth. 2. To be besmeared with saliva. Shak. 

SLAV'ER, V. t. To smear with saliva issuing from the 
mouth ; to defile with drivel. 

SL A V'ER, n. A slave-ship, or a ship employed in the slave- 

SLAV'ERED, pp. Defiled with drivel. 

SLAV'ER-ER, n. A driveler ; an idiot. 

SLAV'ER-ING, ppr. Letting fall saliva. 

BLa'VER-Y, n. 1. Bondage ; the state of entire subjection 
of one person to the will of another. 2. The offices of a 
slave ; drudgery. 

SLaVE'-TRaDE, 7 i. The barbarous and wicked business 
of purcijasing men and women, transporting them to a 
distant country and selling them for slaves. 

BLaV'ISII, a. 1. Pertaining to slaves ; servile ; mean ; base ; 
such as becomes a slave. 2. Servile ; laborious j consist- 
ing in drudgery. 

SLa V'ISH-LY, ady. 1. Servilely 5 meanly j basely. 2 In 
the manner of a slave or drudge. 

SLaV'ISU-NESS, 71. The state or quality of being slavish j 
servility ; meanness. 

SLA-VON'IC, a. Pertaining to the Slavons or ancient in- 
habitants of Russia. 

SLA-VON'I€, 7t. The Slavonic language. 

SLAY, 7 ’. t. ; pret. slew ; pp. slain. [Sax. slcecran, slaffan ; 
Goth, slahau ; G. schlagen ; D. slaaen.] 1. To kill ; to put 
to death by a weapon or by violence. 2. To destroy. 

SLaY'ER, 71. One that slays ; a killer 3 a murderer 3 an as- 
sassin 3 a destroyer of life. 

SLaY'ING, ppr. Killing 3 destroying life. 

SLkAVE, n. [Ice. slefa.] The knotted or entangled part of 
silk or thread 5 silk or thread untwisted. 

SliF.A VE, V. t. To separate threads 3 or to divide a collection 
of threads 3 to sley 3 a 7cord used by weavers. 

SliF.AVED, a. Raw 3 not spun or wrought. Holinskcd. 

SLfAZ'Y, ) a. Thin 3 flimsy 3 wanting firmness of texture 

SLEEZ'Y, i or substance. 

SliED, n. [D. slecdc ; Sw. slade ; Dan. slwde.] A carriage 
or vehicle moved on runners, much used in America for 
conveying heavy weights in winter. 

STjED, r. t. To convey or transport on a sled. 

SLED'DED, pp. 1. Conveyed on a sled. 2. Mounted on a 
sled. 

SLED'DING, ppr. Conveying on a sled. 

SLED'DING, n. 1. 1’lie act of transporting on a sled. 2. The 
means of conveying on sleds 3 snow suflicient for the run- 
ning of sleds. 

SI.EDGE, 7t. [Sax. slecgp, siege ; D. sley ; Dan. slegge ; Sw. 
slagga.] 1. A large, heavy hammer 3 used chiefly by iron- 
smiths. — 2. In K7icrJand, a sled 3 a vehicle moved on run- 
ners or on low wheels. 


SLEEK, a. [D. lekken.] 1. Smooth 5 having an even, 
smooth surface 3 whence, glossy. 2. Not rough or harsh. 
Milton. 

SLEEK, 7 i. That which makes smooth 3 varnish. [L. 7 t.j 
SLEEK, V. t. 1. To make even and smooth. B. Jo7ison. 2. 

To render smooth, soft and glossy. Shak. 

SLEEK, adv. With ease and dexterity 3 with exactness. 
[ V7ilgar.] 

SLEEK'LY, adv. Smoothly 3 nicely. 

SLEEK'NESS, 71 . Smoothness of surface. Feltham. 
SLEEK'STONE, 71. A smoothing stone. Feacham. 
t SLEEK'Y, a. Of a sleek or smooth appearance. 

SLEEP, V. i. ; pret. and pp. slept. [Sax. slepan, slcepan } 
Goth, slepan.] 1. To take rest by a suspension of the vol- 
untary exercise of the powers of the body and mind. 2 . 
To rest 3 to be unemployed 3 to be inacti\e or motionless. 

3. To rest 3 to lie or be still 3 not to be noticed or agitated. 

4 . To live thoughtlessly. 5. To be dead 3 to rest in the 
grave for a time. 1 Thess. iv. 6 . To be careless, inatten- 
tive or unconcerned 3 not to be vigilant. Shak. 

SLEEP, 71 . That state of an animal in which the voluntary 
exertion of his mental and corporeal powers is suspended, 
and lie rests unconscious of what passes around him. 
SLEEP'ER, n. 1. A person that sleeps 3 also, a drone or lazy 
person. 2. That which lies dormant, as a law not exe- 
cuted 3 [obs.] 3. An animal that lies dormant in winter, 
as the bear, the marmot, &c. — 4. In b7iildi7ig, the oblique 
rafter that lies in a gutter. — 5. In Meio England, a floor- 
timber. — 6 . In ship-building, a thick piece of timber plac- 
ed longitudinally in a ship’s hold. — 7. In the glass trade.y 
a large iron bar crossing the smaller ones, hindering the 
passage of coals, but leaving room for the ashes. 8 . A 
platform. 9. A fish 3 [exocwtus .] 

SLEEP'FIIL, a. Strongly inclined to sleep. [Little 7iscd.] 
SLEEP'FUL-NESS, n. Strong inclination to sleep. [L. w.] 
SLEEP'I-LY, adv. 1. Drowsily 3 with desire to sleep. 2. 

Dully 3 in a lazy manner 3 heavily. Raleigh. 3. Stupidly. 
SLEEP'I-NESS, n. Drowsiness 3 inclination to sleep. 
SLEEP'ING, ppr. Resting 3 reposing in sleep. 

SLEEPING, n. 1. The state of resting in sleep. 2. The 
state of being at rest, or not stirred or agitated. 
SLEEPLESS, a. 1. Having no sleep ; without sleep 3 wake- 
ful. 2. Having no rest 5 perpetually agitated. B7jron. 
SLEEP'LESS-NESS, n. Want or destitution of sleep. 
SLEEPY, a. 1. Drowsy 3 inclined to sleep. 2. Not awake. 

3. Tending to induce sleep 5 soporiferous 3 somniferous. 

4. Dull 3 lazy 3 heavy 3 sluggish. 

SLEET, a. [Dan. slud ; Jce. sletta.] I. A fall of hail or 
snow and rain together, usually in fine particles.— 2. In 
gunnery, the part of a mortar passing from the chamber to 
the trunnions for strengthening that part. 

SLEET, 7 -. i. To snow or hail with a mixture of rain. 
SLEET'Y, a. 1. Bringing sleet. 2. Consisting of sleet. 
SLEEVE, 7 J. [Sax. slef, slyf.] 1. The part of a garment 
that is fitted to cover the arm. 2. The “ raveled sleeve of 
care,” in Shakspeare ; [see Sleave.] — To la7tgh in the 
sleeve, to laugh privately or unperceived. — To hang on 
the sleeve, to be or make dependent on others. 

SLEEVE, V. t. To furnish with sleeves 3 to put in sleeves. 
SLEEVE'-BUT-TON, ??. A button to fasten the sleeve or 
wristband. 

SLEEVED, a. Having sleeves. 

SLEEVE'LESS, a. I. Having no sleeves. 2. Wanting a 
cover, pretext or palliation 3 unreasonable 3 [little used.] 
SLEID, V. t. To sley or prepare for use in the weaver’s sley 
or slaie. 

SLEIGH, (sla) n. [probably allied to sleek.] A vehicle mov- 
ed on runners, and greatly used in America for transport- 
ing persons or goods on snow or ice. [This word the 
English write and pronounce sledge, and apply it to what 
we call a sled.] 

SLEIGHT, (sllte) n. [G.schlich; Ir. slightheach.] 1. An 
artful trick 3 sly artifice 3 a trick or feat so dextrously per- 
formed that the manner of performance escapes observa- 
tion. 2. Dextrous practice 3 dexterity. 

I a. Artful 3 cunningly dextrous. ^ 

.Lj .IIj I li J. X j ) 

SLEN'DER, a. [Old D. slinder.] 1. Thin 3 small in circum- 
ference compared with the length 3 not thick. 2. Small 
in tlie waist ; not thick or gross. 3. Not strong 3 small 3 
slight. 4. Weak 5 feeble. 5. Small 3 inconsiderable. 6 . 
Small 3 inadequate. 7. Not amply supplied. 8 . Spare 3 
abstemious. 

SLEN'DER-LY, adv. 1. Without bulk. 2. Slightly 3 mean- 
Iv. 3. Insufficiently. 

SLEN'DER-NESS, n. 1. Thinness 5 smallness of diameter 
in ])roportion to the length. 2. Want of bulk or strength. 
3. Weakness ; slightness. 4. Weakness 3 feebleness. 5. 
Want of plenty. 6 . Spareness. 
fSLENT, V. i. To make an oblique remark. See Slant. 
SLEPT, pret. and pp. of sleep. 

SLEW, pret. of slay. 

SLEY, 7 }. [Sax. sZiT.] A weaver’s reed. See Sleave and 


Sleid. 


* See Synopsis, a, K, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FATili, WHAT ; — PREY 3 — PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3 — f Obsolete. 


SLO 


SLl 763 


SL£)Y, V. t. To separate ; to part threads and arrange them 
in a reed ; as weavers. 

SLICE, V. t. [G. schleissen.] 1. To cut into thin pieces, or 
to cut off a thill, broad piece. 2. To cut into parts. 3. To 
cut ; to divide. 

SLICE, 71. 1. A thin, broad piece cut off. 2. A broad piece. 
3. A peel j a spatula ; an instrument consisting of a broad 
plate with a handle, used by apothecaries for spreading 
plasters, &c. — 1. In ship-building, a tapering piece of 
pjank to be driven between the timbers before planking. 

sliced, jTp. Cut into broad, thin pieces. 

SLICII, 71. The ore of a metal when pounded and prepared 
for working. Eiicyc. 

SLl'ClNG, Cutting into broad, thin pieces. 

SLICK. The popular pronunciation of sleek, and so written 
by some authors. 

SLICK'EN-SIDES, n. A name which workmen give to a 
variety of galena in Derbyshire. Ure. 

SLID, pret. of slide. 

SLID, ) „ 

SLID'DEN, 

I SLID'DER, V. i. [Sax. sliderian, sUdnan.] To slide with 
interruption. 

t SLID'DER, } rc t or 

+ SLID'DER-LY [See Slide.] Slippery. Chaucer. 

SLIDE, V. i. ; pret. slid ; pp. slid, slidden. [Sax. slidan.'] 1. 
To move along tlie surface of any body by slipping, or 
without bounding or rolling ; to slip ; to glide. 2. To 
move along the surface without stepping. 3. 'I’o pass in- 
advertently. 4. To pass smoothly along without jerks or 
agitation. 5. To pass in silent, unobserved progression. 
C. To pass silently and gradually from one state to an- 
other. 7. To pass without ditliculiy or obstruction. 8. 
To practice sliding or moving on ice. 9. To slip ; to fall. 
10. To pass with an easy, smooth, uninterrupted course 
or flow. 

SLIDE, 77. t. 1. To slip; to pass or put in imperceptibly. 
2. To thrust along ; or to thrust by slipping. 

SLIDE, 71. 1. A smooth and easy passage ; also, a slider. 2. 
Flow ; even course. 

SLiD'ER, 77. 1. One that slides. 2. The part of an instru- 
ment or machine that slides. 

SIjID'IXG, ppr. Moving along the surface by slipping ; glid- 
ing ; passing smoothly, easily or imperceptibly. 

SLiD'ING, 77. Lapse ; falling ; used in backslidincr . 

SLltHING-RULE, n. A mathematical instrument used to 
determine measure or quantity without compasses, by 
sliding the parts one by another. 

SLIGHT, a. [D.slegij G. schlecht.'] 1. Weak; inconsid- 
erable ; not forcible. 2. Not deep. 3. Not violent. 4. 
Trifling ; of no great importance. 5. Not strong ; not co- 
gent. b. Negligent ; not vehement ; not done with eftbrt. 
7. Not firm or strong ; thin ; of loose texture. 8. Foolish ; 
silly ; weak in intellect. 

SLIGHT, 77. 1. Neglect; disregard; a moderate degree of 
contempt manifested negatively by neglect. 2. Artifice ; 
dexterity. See Sleight. 

SLIGHT, 77. t. I. To neglect ; to disregard from the consid- 
eration that a thing is of little value and unworthy of no- 
tice. 2. To overthrow; to demolish; [oZ»s.] — To slight 
over, to run over in haste. 

SLiGHT'ED, pp. Neglected. 

fSLiGHT'EN, 77. t. To slight or disregard. Spenser. 

SLTGHT'ER, n. One who neglects. 

SLlGHTHNG, ppr. Neglecting ; disregarding. 

SLiGHT'ING-LY, ado. With neglect; without respect. 
Boijle. 

SLTGHT'LY, adv. 1. Weakly ; superficially ; with in- 
considerable force or effect ; in a small degree. 2. Negli- 
gently ; without regard ; with moderate contempt. 

SLiGHT'NESS, 77. 1. Weakness ; want of force or strength ; 
superficialness. 2. Negligence ; want of attention ; want 
of vehemence. 

SLlGHT'Y, a. 1. Superficial; slight. 2. Trifling; incon- 
siderable. Kchard. 

SLi'LY, adv. [from sly.] With artful or dextrous secrecy. 

SLIM, a. [Ice.] 1. Slender; of small diameter or thickness 
in proportion to the height. 2. Weak ; sliglit ; unsub- 
stantial. 3. Worthless. 

SLIME, 77. [Sax. slim ; Sw. stem ; D. slym ,* L. Z7t? 777.9.] 
Soft, moist earth having an adhesive quality ; viscous 
mud. 

SLIME'-PIT, 77. A pit of slime or adhesive mire. 

SLTM'I-NESS, 77. The quality of slime; viscosity. Flayer. 

SLIM'NESS, 77. State or quality of being slim. 

SLTM'Y, a. 1. Abounding with slime ; consisting of slime. 
2. Overspread with slime. 3. Viscous ; glutinous. 

SLT'NESS, 77. [from sly.] Dextrous artifice to conceal any 
thing ; artful secrecy. Addison. 

SLING, 77. [D. slingcr.] 1. An instrument for throwing 
stones, consisting of a strap and two strings. 2. A throw ; 
a stroke. 3. A kind of hanging bandage put round the 
neck, in which a wounded limb is sustained. 4. A rope 
by which a cask or bale is suspended and swung in or out 


of a ship. 5. A drink composed of equal parts of rum 
spirit and water sweetened. 

SLING, 77. t. ; pret. and pp. slung. [Sax. slingan ; D. slin- 
geren.] 1. To throw with a sling. 2. To throw ; to hurl. 
3. To hang so as to swing. 4. To move or swing by a 
rope which suspends the thing. 

SLING'ER, 77. One who slings or uses the sling. 

SLING'ING, ppr. Tlirowing with a sling ; hanging so as to 
swing ; moving by a sling. 

SLINK, 77. i. ; pret. and pp. slunk. [Sax. slincan ; G. 
schleichen.] 1. To sneak ; to creep away meanly ; to steal 
away. 2. To miscarry, as a beast. 

SLINK, V. t. To cast prematurely ; to miscarry of; as tho 
female of a beast. ’ 

SLINK, a. Produced prematurely, as the young of a beast 

SLIP, 77. 7. [Sax. slepaii ; D. sleppen ; Sw. slippa.] 1. To 
slide ; to glide ; to move along the surface of a thing 
without bounding, rolling or stepping. 2. To slide ; not 
to tread firmly. 3. To move or fly out of place ; usually 
with out. 4. To sneak ; to slink ; to depart or withdraw 
secretly. .5. 3’o err; to fall into error or fault, b. To 
glide ; to pass unexpectedly or imperceptibly. 7. To en- 
ter by oversight. 8. To escape insensibly ; to be lost. 

SLIP, 77. 7. i. To convey secretly. 2. To omit ; to lose by 
negligence. 3. To part twigs from the branches or stem 
of a tree. 4. To escape fiom ; to leave slily. .5. To let 
loose. 6. To throw oft’; to disengage one’s self from. 7. 
To pass over or omit negligently. 8. To tear off*. 9. To 
suffer abortion ; to miscarry. — To slip a cable, to veer out 
and let go the end. — I'o slip o/i, to put on in haste or 
loosely. 

SLIP, 77. 1. A sliding ; act of slipping. 2. An unintentional 
error or fault. Dvjjdcn. 3. A twig separated from the 
main stock. 4. A leash or string by which a dog is held ; 
so called from its being so made as to slip or become loose 
by relaxation of the hand. 5. An escape ; a secret or un- 
expected desertion, b. A long, narrow piece. 7. A 
counterfeit piece of money, being brass covered with sil- 
ver ; [oZij?.] 8. Matter found in troughs of grindstones 
after the grinding of edge-tools ; [local.] 9. A particular 
quantity of yarn ; [local.] 10. An opening between 
wharves or in a dock. J\^. York. 11. A place having a 
gradual descent on the bank of a river or harbor, conven- 
ient for ship-building. J\Jar. Diet. 12. A long seat or 
narrow pew in churches. United States. 

SLlP'-BoARD, 77. Aboard sliding in grooves. 

SLIP'-KNOT, 77. A bow-knot ; a knot which will not bear 
a strain, or which is easily untied. Johnson. 

SLIP'PER, 77. [Sax.] 1. A kind of shoe consisting of a sole 
and vamp without quarters, which may be slipjied on 
with ease and worn in undress ; a slip-slioe. 2. A kind 
of apron for children, to be slipped over their otJier clothes 
to keep them clean. 3. [L. crepL^.] A plant. 4. A kind 
of iron slide or lock for the use of a heavy wagon. 

t SLIP'PER, a. [Sax. sZi^ur.] Slippery. Spenser. 

SLIP'PERED, a. Wearing slippers. Warton. 

vSLIP'PER-t-LY, adv. In a slippery manner. 

SLIP'PER-I-NESS, 77. 1. The state or quality of being 

slippery ; lubricity ; smoothness ; glibness. 2. Uncer- 
tainty ; want of firm footing. 3. Lubricity of character. 

SLIP'PER-Y, a. 1. Smooth ; glib ; having the quality op- 
posite to adhesiveness. 2. Not affording firm footing or 
confidence. 3. Not easily held ; liable or apt to slip 
away. 4. Not standing firm. 5. Unstable ; change- 
able ; mutable ; uncertain. 6. Not certain in its elfect. 
7. Lubricous ; wanton ; unchaste. 

t SLTP'PY, a. [Sax. sZipeif.] Slippery. 

SLTP'SHOD, a. [slip and shod.] Wearing shoes like slip- 
pers, without pulling up the quarters. Swift. 

SLIP'SLOP, 77. Bad liquor. 

SLIP'STRING, 77. [slip and string.] One that has shaken 
off restraint ; a prodigal ; called, also, slipthrift. [L. 7/.] 

SLISH, 77. A low word, formed by reduplicating slash. Shah. 

SLIT, V. t. ; pret. slit ^ pp. slit, or slitted. [Sax. slitan ; Sw. 
.9Z7Z77.] 1. To cut lengthwise; to cut into long pieces or 
strips. 2. To cut or make a long fissure. 3. To cut, in 
general. 4. 3'o rend ; to split. 

SLIT, 77. 1. Along cut; or a narrow opening. 2. A cleft 
or crack in the breast of cattle. Encyc. 

SLITH'ER, V. i. To slide. JVarth of England. 

SLIT'TER, 77. One that slits. 

SLIT'TING, ppr. Cutting lengthwise. 

SLIT'TING-MILL, n. A mill where iron bars are slit into 
nail-rods, &c. 

SLIVE, 77. i. To sneak. [Local.] Grose. 

SLIV'ER, r.t. [Sax. slifan.] To cut or divide into long, 
thin ])ieces, or into very small pieces ; to cut or rend 
lengthwise. 

SLIV'ER, 77. A long piece cut or rent off, or a piece cut or 
rent lengthwise. 

SLoAT, 77. [D. sluiten ; Sw. shita ; G. schliessen.] A nar- 
row piece of timber which holds together larger pieces ; 
as, the sloats of a cart. [In JSl'ew England, this is called a 
sZaZ.] 


t Obsolete. 


f Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE BIILL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as .T ; S as Z ; GlI as SH ; TH as in this. 


SLO 


764 


SLU 


SLOB'BER and its derivatives are a different orthography 
of slabber, the original pronunciation of which was prob- 
ably slobber. Sec bLABBER and Slaver. 
t SL(J€K, to quench, is a different orthography of slake. 
SLoE, n. [Sax. slag, sla ; G. schlehe ; D. slee.] A small 
^ wild plum, the fruit of the black thorn. Mortimer. 
SLOOM, n. Slumber. [.iSTot in use, or local.] 

SLOOiM'Y, a. Sluggish 5 slow. [JVbt in use, or local.] 
SLOOP , n. [D. sloep, sloepschip ,* G, schaluppc / Dan. sluppe ,* 
Fr. chaloupe. It is written, also, shallop.] A vessel with 
one mast. — Sloop of war, a vessel of war rigged either as 
a ship, brig or schooner, and usually carrying from 10 to 
18 guns. 

SLOP, V. t. To drink greedily and grossly. {Little used.] 
SLOP, n. 1. Water carelessly thrown about on a table or 
floor ; a puddle j a soiled spot. 2. Mean liquor j mean 
liquid food. 

SLOP, u. [qu. D. sluif.] Trowsers ; a loose lower garment ', 
drawers ; hence, ready-made clothes. Shall. 
SLOP'SEL-LER, n. One who sells ready-made clothes. 
SLOP'SHOP, n. A shop where ready-made clothes are sold. 
SLOPE, a. Inclined or inclining from a horizontal direc- 
tion ; forming an angle with the plane of the horizon. 
{Little used.] Milton. 

SLOPE, n. 1. An oblique direction ; a line or direction in- 
clining from a horizontal line ; a direction down- 

wards. 2. A declivity ; any ground whose surface forms 
an angle with the plane of the horizon. 

SLOPE, V. t. To form with a slope 5 to form to declivity or 
obliquity ; to direct obliquely ; to incline. 

SLOPE, V. i. To take an oblique direction 5 to be declivous 
or inclined. 

SLoPE'NESS, n. Declivity ; obliquity. {L. a.] Wotton. 
SLoPE'WlSE, adv. Obliquely. Carew. 

SLOP'ING, ppr. I. Taking an inclined direction. 2. a. 
Oblique ; declivous ; inclining or inclined from a horizon- 
tal or other right line. 

SLoP'lNG-LY, adv. Obliquely ; with a slope. 
SLOP^PI-NESS, n. Wetness of the earth ; muddiness. 
SLOP'PY, a. Wet, as the ground ; muddy ; plashy. 
SLOSH, ) n. and a. These words are often used in the 
SLOSHW, I Murthern States in relation to the state of the 
roads, when they are covered with snow and a thaw 
takes place ; as, the roads are sloshy ,• it is very sloshy 
going. They are low, colloquial words, perhaps corrupted 
from shulge, or sloppy. Pickering^ s P'ocahulary. 

SLOT, t’. t. [D. sluiten ; Dan. slutter ,• Sw. sluta.] To shut 
with violence ; to slam, that is, to drive. {Little tised.] 
SLOT, n. A broad, flat, wooden bar. 

SLOT, n. The track of a deer. Drayton. 

* SLOTH, n. {SsiX.. slcBwth.] 1. Slowness; tardiness. 2. 
Disinclination to action or labor ; sluggishness ; laziness ; 
idleness. 3. An animal, so called from the remarkable 
slowness of his motions. 

SLOTH, i. To be idle. Gower. 

* SLOTH'FTJL, a. Inactive ; sluggish ; lazy ; indolent ; idle. 

* SLOTIPFUL-LY, adv. Lazily ; sluggishly ; idly. 
^SLOTH'FUL-NESS, n. The indulgence of sloth ; inactiv- 
ity ; the habit of idleness ; laziness. 

t SLOT'TER-Y, a. [G. schlotterig.] 1. Squalid ; dirty ; slut- 
tish ; untrimmed. 2. Foul ; wet. 

SLOUCH, n. 1. A hanging down ; a depression of the head 
or of some other part of the body ; an ungainly, clownish 
gait. 2. An awkward, heavy, clownish fellow. 
SLOUCH, V. i. To hang down ; to have a dowiictist, clown- 
ish look, gait or manner. Chesterfield. 

SLOUCH, V. t. To depress ; to cause to hang down. 
SLOUCIPING, ppr. 1. Causing to hang down. 2. a. Hang- 
ing down ; walking heavily and awkw’ardly. 

SLOUGH, (slow) 71. [Sax. slog.] 1. A place of deep mud 
or mire ; a hole full of mire. 2. [pron. stuff.] The skin 
or cast skin of a serpent. 3. [pron. stuff.] The part that 
separates from a foul sore. 

SLOUGH, (slufl') V. i. To separate from the sound flesh ; to 
come off ; as the matter formed over a sore. — To slough 
off, to separate from the living parts, as the dead part in 
mortification. 

SLOUGH'Y, (slow'y)a. Full of sloughs ; miry. Swift. 
SLOUM. See Sloom. 

SLoV'EN, 71. [D. slof, sloffen.] A man careless of his dress, 
or negligent of cleanliness ; a man habitually negligent of 
neatness and order. 

SL6V'EN-Ll-NESS, 71 1. Negligence of dress ; habitual 

want of cleanliness. 2. Neglect of order and neatness. 
SI.6V"'EN-IiY, a. 1. Negligent of dress or neatness. 2. 

lioose ; disorderly ; not neat. 

SLoV'EN-LY, adv. In a careless, inelegant manner, 
f SI^6V'EN-RY, 71. Negligence of order or neatness ; dirti- 
ness. 

SLOW, a. [Sax. slaiv ; Dan. sZoc.] 1. Moving a small dis- 
tance in a long time ; not swift ; not quick in motion ; 
not rapid. 2. Late ; not happening in a short time. 3. 
Not ready ; not prompt or quick. 4. Dull ; inactive ; 
tardy. 5. Not hasty ; not precipitate ; acting with delib- 


eration. 6. Dull ; heavy in wit. 7. Behind in time ; in- 
dicating a time later than the true time. 8. Not advanc- 
ing, growing or improving rapidly. 

SLOW is used in composition to modify other words, 
f SLoW, as a verb, to delay. Shak. 
tSLoW,7i. [Sax. sZtTc.] A moth. Chaucer. 

SLoW'BACK, 71. A lubber ; an idle fellow ; a loiterer. 
SLoW'LY, adv. 1. With moderate motion: not rapidly ; 
not with velocity or celerity. 2. Not soon ; not early ; 
not in a little time ; not with hasty advance. 3. Not 
hastily; not rashly; not with precipitation. 4. Not 
promptly ; not readily. 5. Tardily ; with slow progress. 
SLoW'xNESS, n. 1. Moderate motion ; want of speed or 
velocity. 2. Tardy advance ; moderate progression. 3. 
Dullness to admit conviction or affection. 4. Want of 
readiness or promptness ; dullness of intellect. 5. Delib- 
eration ; coolness ; caution in deciding. 6. Dilatoriness ; 
t&rdmoss 

SL0W'-W*6RM, or SLoE'-WoRM, n. An insect found on 
the leaves of the sloe-tree, which often changes its skin 
and assumes different colors. 

SLoW'-WoRM, «. [Sax. slaw-wyrm.] A kind of viper, 
the blind-worm, scarcely venomous. 

SLUB'BER, V. t. To do lazily, imperfectly or coarsely ; to 
daub ; to stain ; to cover carelessly. {Little wscrZ.] 
SLUB'BER-DE-GULL*ION, n. A mean, dirty, sorry 
wretch. Hadibras. 

SLUB'BER-ING-LY, adv. In a slovenly manner. {Vulgar.] 
SLUDGE, n. [Sax. slog.] Mud ; mire ; soft mud. 

SLUDS, n. Among 7 nmers, half roasted ore. 

SLuE, V. t. In seame7i^s language, to turn any thing coni- 
cal or cylindrical, &c. about its axis without removing it ; 
to turn. 

SLUG, 71. [W. llag.] 1. A drone ; a slow, heavy, lazy 
fellow. 2. A hinderance ; obstruction. 3. A kind of 
snail. 4. [qu. Sax. sloca.] A cylindrical or oval piece of 
metal, used for the charge of a gun. 
t SLUG, V. i. To move slowly ; to lie idle. Spenser. 
j SLUG, V. t. To make sluggish. Milton. 
jSLUG'A-BED, n. One who indulges in lying abed. Shak. 
SLUG'GARD, n. [.<fZtt^ and ard.] A person habitually lazy, 
idle and inactive ; a drone. Di'ydcri. 

SLUG'GARD, a. Sluggish ; lazy. Dryden. 
SLUG'GARD-IZE, v. t. To make lazy. {Little used.] Shak. 
SLUG'GISH, a. 1. Habitually idle and lazy; slothful; 
dull ; inactive. 2. Slow ; having little motion. 3. Inert ; 
inactive ; having no power to move itself. 
SLUG'GISH-LY, adv. Lazily ; slothfully ; drowsily ; idly ; 
slowly. Milto7i. 

SLUG'GISH-NESS, n. 1. Natural or habitual indolence or 
laziness ; sloth ; dullness ; applied to persons. 2. Inert- 
ness ; want of power to move. 3. Slowness, 
t SLUG'GY, a. Sluggish. Chaucer. 

SLUICE, ) 7t. [D. sluis ; G. schleuse ,* StW.sluss j Dan. sluse ; 
SLUSE, ) It. eclusc.] 1. The stream of water issuing 
through a flood-gate ; or the gate itself. 2. An opening ; a 
source of supply ; that through which any thing flows. 
SLUICE, ) V. t. To emit by flood-gates. {Little used.] Mil- 
SLUSE, i ton. 

SLCl'CY, ) a. Falling in streams as from a sluice. Dry- 
SLU/SY, \ den. 

SLUM'BER, r. i. [Sax. slumerian ; D. shiimeren.] 1. To 
sleep lightly ; to doze. 2. To sleep. 3. To be in a state 
of negligence, sloth, supineness or inactivity. 
SLUM'BER, V. t. 1. To lay to sleep. 2. To stun ; to stu- 
pify ; {little used.] SpcTiser. Wotton. 

SLUM BER, n. 1. Light sleep ; sleep not deep or sound. 

2. Sleep; repose. Dryden. 

SLUM'BER-ER, n. One that slumbers. 
SLUM'BER-ING,2>pr. Dozing ; sleeping. 

SLUM'BER-OUS, \ a. 1. Inviting or causing sleep ; sopo- 
SLUM'B£R-Y, ) riferous. 2. Sleepy ; not waking. 
SLUMP, V. i. [G. sctilump ; Dan., Sw. slump.] To fall or 
sink suddenly into water or mud, when walking on a 
hard surface, as on ice or frozen ground, not strong 
enough to bear the personi {This word is m conwnon use 
in JSTeio England.] 

SLUNG, pret. and pp. of sling. 

SLUNK, pret. and pp. of slink. 

SLUR, V. t. [D. slordig.] 1. To soil ; to sully ; to contam- 
inate ; to disgrace. 2. To pass lightly ; to conceal. 3. 
To cheat ; to trick ; {^invsual.] — 4. In Tniisic, to sing or 
perform in a smooth, gliding style. 

SLUR, n. 1. Properly, a black mark ; hence, slight re- 
proach or disgrace. — 2. In Tnusic, a mark connecting 
notes. 

SLUSE, a more correct orthography of sluice. 

SLUSH, n. Soft mud, or a soft mixture of filthy substances. 

[This may be the Eng. slutch.] 

SLUT, n. [D. slet, a slut, a rag ; G. schlotterig, negligent, 
slovenly.] 1. A woman who is negligent of cleanliness 
and dress. 2. A name of slight contempt for a woman. 
SLUT'TER-Y, n. The qualities of a slut ; more generally, 
the practice of a slut ; dirtiness. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, U, Y, long.-~Fl\T., FALL, WHAT ;— PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; 


I Obsolete, 


SMA 


765 SMI 


SLrjT/TISII, a. 1. Not neat or cleanly ; dirty ; careless of 
dress and neatness ; disorderly. 2. Disorderly ; dirty. 3. 
Meretricious ; [little used.] 

SLUT''J'1SH-LY, adv. In a sluttish manner j negligently: 
dirtily. 

SLUT'TISH-NESS, n. The qualities or practice of a slut ; 
negligence of dress ; dirtiness of dress, furniture, and in 
domestic affairs generally. 

SLY, a. [G. sc/ilau ; Dan. sZae.] 1. Artfully dextrous in 
performing things secretly and escaping observation or 
detection ; usually implying some degree of meanness j 
artfully cunning. 2. Done with artful and dextrous se- 
crecy. 3. Marked with artful secrecy. 4. Secret ; con- 
cealed. 

SLY'-BOOTS, 71. A sly, cunning or waggish person. [Low.] 
SLY'LY, SLY'NESS. See Slily, Sliness. 

SMACK, V. i. [W. ysmac ; Sax. smceccan : D. smaaken.] 1. 
To kiss with a close compression of the lips, so as to make 
a sound when they separate ; to kiss with violence. 2. 
To make a noise by the separation of the lips after tasting 
any tning. 3. To have a taste ; to be tinctured with any 
particular taste. 4. To have a tincture or quality infused. 
SMACK, V. t. 1. To kiss with a sharp noise. 2. To make 
a sharp noise with the lips. 3. I’o make a sharp noise 
by striking ; to crack. 

SMACK, 71. 1. A loud kiss. 2. A quick, sharp noise, as of 
the lips or of a whip. 3. Taste; savor; tincture. 4. 
Pleasing taste. 5. A quick, smart blow. 6. A small 
quantity ; a taste. 7. [D. sviakschip.] A small vessel, 
used in the coasting and fishing trade. 

SMALL, a. [Sax. smccl, svial ; G. schmal ; D. smal ; Dan. 
smal.] 1. Slender; thin; fine; of little diameter ; hence, 
in general^ little in size or quantity ; not great. 2. Mi- 
nute ; slender ; fine. 3. Little in degree. 4. Being of 
little moment, weight or importance. 5. Of little genius 
or ability ; petty. 6. Short ; containing little. 7. Little 
in amount. 8. Containing little of the principal quality, 
or little strength ; weak. 9. Gentle ; soft; not loud. 10. 
Mean ; base ; unworthy ; [colloquial.] 

SMALL, 71. The small or slender part of a thing. Sidney. 
f SMALL, V. t. To make little or less. 

SMALL'AGE, n. A plant, water-parsley. 

SMALL'-BEER, n. [sinall and beer.] A species of weak 
beer. 

SMALL'-CoAL, n. Little wood coals used to light fires. 
SMALL'-CRXFT, n. A vessel, or vessels in general, of a 
small size, or below the size of ships and brigs. 
SMALLdSH, a. Somewhat small. Chaucer. 

SM ALL/NESS, n. 1. Littleness of size or extent ; littleness 
of quantity. 2. Littleness in degree. 3. Littleness in 
force or strength ; weakness. 4. Fineness ; softness ; 
melodiousness. 5. Littleness in amount or value. 6. 
Littleness of importance ; inconsiderableness. 
SMALL-POX', n. [small and pox, pocks.] A very conta- 
gious disease, characterized by an eruption of pustules on 
the skin ; the variolous disease. 

SMAL'LY, (smawl'ly) adv. In a little quantity or degree ; 

with minuteness. [Little used.] Ascham. 

SMALT, n. [D. smelten ; Dan. s?nelter.] A beautiful blue 
glass of cobalt, flint and potash fused together. 
SMAR'AGD, n. [Gr. apapaySos.] The emerald. 
SMA-RAG'DiNE, a. [L. smaragdinus.] Pertaining to em- 
erald ; consisting of emerald, or resembling it ; of an em- 
erald green. 

SMA-RAG'DITE, n. A mineral. Vre. 

SMAR'IS, 71. A fish of a dark green color. 

SMART, n. [D. smert ; G. schmerz ; Dan. smerte.] 1. 
Q,uick, pungent, lively pain ; a pricking, local pain, as the 
pain from puncture by nettles. 2. Severe, pungent pain 
of mind ; pungent grief. 

SMART, V. i. [Sax. smeortan ; D. smcrtcn.] 1. To feel a 
lively, pungent pain, particularly^ a pungent local pain 
from some piercing or irritating application. 2. To feel a 
pungent pain of mind ; to feel sharp pain. 3. To be pun- 
ished ; to bear penalties or the evil consequences of any 
thing. 

SMART, <7. 1. Pungent; pricking; causing a keen local 
pain. 2. Keen ; severe ; poignant. 3. Quick ; vigorous ; 
sharp ; severe. 4. Brisk ; fresh. 5. Acute and pertinent ; 
witty. 6. Brisk ; vivacious. 

SMART, 11 . A cant word for a fellow that affects briskness 
and vivacity. 

[ SM ART'EN, V. t. To make smart. 
fSMAR'TLE, V. i. To waste away. Ray. 

SMART'LY, adv. 1. With keen pain. 2. Briskly ; sharply ; 

wittily. 3. Vigorously ; actively. 

SMART'NESS, n. 1. The quality of being smart or pun- 
gent ; poignancy. 2. Quickness; vigor. 3. Liv^eliness; 
briskness : vivacity ; wittiness. 

SMART'-WEED, n. A name given to arsmart. 

SMASH, v. t. [probably mash^ with a prefix.] To break in 
pieces by violence ; to dash to pieces ; to crush. [ Vulgar.] 
Burke. 

I SMATCII, V. i. To have a taste. Banister. 


SMATCH,7t, [corrupted from smack.] 1. Taste : tincture s 
[vulgar.] 2. A bird. ’ 

SMAT'TER, V. t. [qu. Dan. ^matter.] 1. To talk superficially 
or ignorantly. 2. To have a slight taste, ora slight, super- 
ficial knowledge. 

SMAT'TER, n. Slight, superficial knowledge. 

SMAT. 'TLR-LR, n. One wlio has only a slight, superficial 
knowledge. Sicift. 

SMAT'TER-ING, n. A slight, superficial knowledge. 
SMeAR, V. t. [Sax. snierian, smirian ; D. sineeren ; G. 
schmieren i Ir. smearam.] 1. To overspread with any 
thing unctuous, viscous or adhesive ; to besmear ; to daub. 
2._l'o soil ; to contaminate ; to pollute. 

SMeAR, n. A fat, oily substance ; ointment. [L. n.] 
SMEARED, pp. Overspread with soft or oily matter ; 
soiled. 

SMeAR'ING, ppr. Overspreading with any thing soft and 
oleaginous ; soiling. 

SMeAR'Y, a. That smears or soils; adhesive. [L. u.] 
Roioe. 

SMeATH, n. A sea fowl. 

SMEG'TITE, 71. An argillaceous earth, 
t SMEETH, V. t. To smoke. 

SMEETH, V. t. To smooth. JVorth of England. 
SMEG-MAT'I€, a. [Gr. cpyypa.] Being of the nature of 
soap; soapy; cleansing; detersive. 

SMELL, x.t. ; pret. and pp. smelled^ smelt. To perceive by 
the nose, or by the olfactory nerves ; to have a senstUion 
excited in certain organs of the nose by particular quali- 
ties cf a body, which are transmitted in fine panicles, 
often from a distance. — 7'o smell out^ is a low phrase sig- 
nifying to find out by sagacity. — To smell a rat, is a low 
phrase signifying to suspect strongly. 

SMELL, V. i. 1. To affect the olfactory nerves ; to have an 
odor or particular scent. 2. To have a particular tincture 
or smack of any quality. 3. To practice smelling. 4. To 
exercise sagacity. 

SMELL, n. 1. 1'he sense or faculty by which certain qual- 
ities of bodies are perceived through the instrumentality 
of the olfactory nerves ; or the faculty of perceiving by 
the organs of the nose ; one of the five senses. 2. Scent ; 
odor ; the quality of bodies which affects the olfactory 
organs. 

SMELLED, or SMELT, pret. andpj9. of smell. 

SMELL'ER, n. One that smells. 

SMELL'FeAST, n. One that is apt to find and frequent 
good tables ; an epicure ; a parasite. 

SMELT. See Smelled. 

SMELT, 71. [Sax.] A small fish that is very delicate food. 
SMELT, V. t. [D. smelten ; G. schmelzen ; Dan. smelter.] 
7’o melt, as ore, for the purpose of separating the metal. 
SMELT'ED, pp. Melted for the extraction of the metal. 
SMELT'ER, n. One that melts ore. 

SMELT'ER-Y, n. A house or place for smelting ores. 
SMELT'ING, ppr. Melting, as ore. 

SMELT'ING, n. The operation of melting ores for the pur- 
pose of extracting the metal. 

SMERK, V. i. [Sax. smeroiun.] 1. To smile affectedly or 
wantonly. 2. To look affectedly soft or kind. 

SMERK, 11 . An affected smile. 

SMERIOY I j smart ; janty. Spenser. 

SMER'LIN, n. A fish. Ainsworth. 

SMEW, 11 . An aquatic fowl, the inergus albellus. 
SMIOKTjR, V. i. [Sw. smickra ; Dan. smigrer.] To smerk ; 

to look amorously or wantonly. 

SMICK'ER-ING, Smerking ; smiling affectedly. 
SMT€K'ER-ING, n. An affected smile or amorous look. 
fSMIGK'ET, n. Dim. of smock. 

jSMID'DY, 71. [Sax. smiththa.] A smithery or smith’s 
workshop. 

SMIGHT, for smite, in Spenser, is a mistake. 

SMILE, V. i. [Sw. smila ; Dan. smiler.] 1. To contract the 
features of the face in such a manner as to express pleas- 
ure, moderate joy, or love and kindness. 2. To express 
slight contempt by a smiling look, implying sarcasm or 
pity ; to sneer. 3. To look gay and joyous ; or to have 
an appearance to excite joy. 4. To be propitious or favor- 
able ; to favor ; to countenance. 

SMILE, V. t. To awe with a contemptuous smile. 

SMILE, 11 . 1. A peculiar contraction ol the features of the 
face, which naturally expresses pleasure, moderate joy, 
approbation or kindness. 2. Gay or joyous appearance. 
3._ Favor ; countenance; propitiousness. 

SMTL'ER, 71. One who smiles. 

SMIL'ING, ppr. Having a smile on the countenance ; look- 
ing joyous or gay ; looking propitious. 

SMTL'ING-LY, adv. With a look of pleasure, 
t SMTLT, for 5?7ic/t. 

SJMiRCH, V. t. [from murk, murky.] To cloud ; to dusk ; 
to soil. [Low.] Shale. 

SMiRK, V. i. To look affectedly soft or kind See Smere. 

• SMIT, sometimes used for smitten. See Smite. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 


SMO 


766 


SNA 


€MITE, V. t . ; pret. smote ; pp. smitten^ smit. [Sax. smitan ,* 
D. smyten.] ]. To strike ; to throw, drive or force against, 
as the fist or hand, a stone or a weapon. 2. To kill ; to 
destroy the life of by beating or by weapons of any kind. 
3. To blast j to destroy life ; as by a stroke or by some- 
thing sent. 4. To afflict ; to chasten ; to punish. 5. To 
strike or affect with passion. 

SMITE, V. i. To strike ; to collide. 

SMITE, 71. A blow. [LocaZ.] 

SMIT^ER, 71. One who smites or strikes. 

SMITH, 71. [Sax. smithy Dan., Sw. smed ; D. smit; G. 
schynied.] 1. Literally, the striker, the beater; hence, 
one who forges with the hammer; one who works in 
metals ; as, an \roi\-s 77 iith, &c. 2. He that makes or ef- 
fects any thing. 

[SMITH, V. t. [Sax. smiihian.} To beat into shape; to 
forge. Chaucer. 

SMrj’H'-€llAFT, 77. [s7?iit/t and cra/t.] The art or occupa- 
tion of a smith. [^Little 7ised.'\ Raleigh. 

SMITH'ER-Y, 71. 1. The workshop of a smith. 2. Work 
done by a smith. Burke. 

SMITH'ING, 71. The act or art of working a mass of iron 
into the intended shape. JMozon. 

t SM IT H'Y, 71. [Sax. smiththa.] The shop of a smith. 

SMiTT, 71. The finest of the clayey ore made up into balls, 
used for marking sheep. Woodward. 

SMIT'TEN, (smit'n) pp. of smite. 1. Struck ; killed. 2. 
Affected with some passion ; excited by beauty or some- 
thing impressive. 

SMIT'TLE, y. t. To infect. [LocaZ.] Orose. 

SMIT'TLE, ) T r .• 

SMIT'TLISH, 5 ^“^ectious. 

SMO€K, 71. [Sax. S7770C.] 1. A shift; a chemise; a woman’s 
undergarment. — 2. in composition, it is used for /eTTiaZe, 
or what relates to women. 

SMOGK'-FaCED, a. Pale-faced; maidenly ; having a fem- 
inine countenance or complexion. 

SMOCK'-FROGK, n. [s7nock and frock.] A gaberdine. 

SMOGK'LESS, o. Wanting a smock. Chaucer. 

SMOKE, n. [Sax. smoca, smec, smic ; G. schinauch ; D. 
s/nook.] 1. The exhalation, visible vapor or substance 
that escapes or is expelled in combustion from the sub- 
stance burning. 2. Vapor ; watery exhalations. 

S.MOKE, V. i. [Sax. smociayi, smecan, smican ; Dan. smoger ; 
D. smooken.] 1. To emit smoke ; to throw off volatile 
matter in the form of vapor or exhalation. 2. To burn ; 
to be kindled ; to rage ; in Sc7-ipture. 3. To raise a dust 
or smoke by rapid motion. 4. To smell or hunt out ; to 
suspect ; [Z. 7t.] 5. To use tobacco in a pipe or cigar. 6. 

To suffer ; to be punished. 

SMOKE, y. z. 1. To apply smoke to; to hang in smoke ; 
to scent, medicate or dry by smoke. 2. To smell out ; to 
find out ; [Z. it.] 3. To sneer at ; to ridicule to the face. 

SMoKED, pp. Cured, cleansed or dried in smoke. 

SMoKE'DRY, y. t. To dry by smoke. Mortimer. 

SMoKE'-JACK, 71. An engine for turning a spit. 

SMoKE'LESS, a. Having no smoke. Pope. 

SMoK'ER, 71. 1. One that dries by smoke. 2. One that 
uses tobacco by burning it in a pipe or in the form of a 
cigar. 

SMoKT-LY, adv. So as to be full of smoke. Sherwood. 

SMoKTNG, ppr. 1. Emitting smoke, as fuel, <Scc. 2. Ap- 
plying smoke for cleansing, drying, <Scc. 3. Using tobac- 
co in a pipe or cigar. 

SMoKHNG, 71. 1. The act of emitting smoke. 2. The act 
of applying smoke to. 3. The act or practice of using to- 
b:^cco by burning it in a pipe or cigar. 

SMoK'Y, a. 1. Emitting smoke; fumid. 2. Having the 
appearance or nature of smoke. 3. Filled with smoke, or 
with a vapor resembling it ; thick. 4. Subject to be filled 
with smoke from the chimneys or fire-places. 5. Tar- 
nished with smoke; noisome with smoke. 

SMoL'DER-ING. The more correct orthography of smoul- 
derbicr, which see. 

fSMOOR, or t SMORE, t’. Z. [Sax. 57H07*an.] To suffocate 
or smother. .More. 

SMO(3TH, a. [Sax. smcthe, svioeth ; W. esmwijth.] ]. Hav- 
ing an even surface, or a surface so even tliat no rough- 
ness or points are perceptible to the touch ; not rough. 
2. Evenly spread ; glossy. 3. Gently flowing ; moving 
equably ; not ruffled or iindulating. 4. That is uttered 
without stops, obstruction or hesitation ; voluble ; even ; 
not harsh. 5. Bland ; mild ; soothing ; flattering. — 6. In 
botany, glabrous; having a slippery surface void of rough- 
ness. 

SMOOTH, 71. That which is smooth ; the smooth part of 
any thing ; as, the smooth of the neck. Qen. xxvii. 

SMOOTH, y. Z. [Sax. smethian.] 1. To make smooth; to 
make even on the surface by any means. 2. To free 
from obstruction ; to make easy. 3. To free from harsh- 
ness ; to make flowing. 5. To palliate ; to soften. C. To 
calm; to mollify ; to allay. 7. To ease. 8. To flatter; 
to soften with blandishments. 

SMOOTHED, pp. Made smooth. 


SMOOTH'EN, for smooth, is used by mechanics, though 
not, I believe, in the United States. 

SMOOTH'ER, n. One who smooths or frees from harshness. 
Bp. Percy. 

SMOOTH'-FaCED, a. Having a mild, soft look. 

SMOOTH'LY, adv. 1. Evenly; not roughly or harshly. 
2. With even flow or motion. 3. Without obstruction or 
difficulty ; readily ; easily. 4. With soft, bland, insin- 
uating language. 

SMOOTH'NESS, n. 1. Evenness of surface; freedom 
from roughness or asperity. 2. Softness or mildness to 
the palate. 3. Softness and sweetness of numbers ; easy 
flow of words. 4. Mildness or gentleness of speech ; 
blandness of address. 

SMOTE, pret. of smite. 

SMoTH'ER, V. t. [allied, perhaps, to Ir. smuid, smoke. 1 1. 
To suffocate or extinguish life by causing smoke or dust 
to enter the lungs ; to stifle. 2. To suffocate or extinguish 
by closely covering, and by the exclusion of air. 3. To 
suppress ; to stifle. 

SMoTH'ER, V. i. 1. To be suffocated. 2. To be suppress- 
ed or concealed. 3. To smoke without vent. 

SMoTH'ER, 71. 1. Smoke ; thick dust. Dryden. 2. A state 
of suppression ; [065.] Bacon. 

[SMoUCH, y. Z. To salute. Stubbes. 

SMoUL'DER-ING, ) a. Burning and smoking without vent. 

SMoUL'DRY, \ Dryjden. 

SMUDGE, 71. A suffocating smoke. Orose. JsTorth of Eng. 

SMUG, a. [Dan. STitiiA: ,* G. smuck.] Nice; neat; affected- 
ly nice in dress. [ATiZ in use, or local.] 

t SMUG, V. t. To make spruce ; to dress with affected neat- 
ness. Chaucer. 

SMUG'GLE, y. Z. [Sw. smyga ; Y). smokkelen.] 1. To im- 
port or export secretly goods which are forbidden by the 
gov^ernment to be imported or exported ; or secretly to im- 
port or export dutiable goods without paying the duties 
imposed by law ; to run. 2. To convey clandestinely. 

SMUG'GLED, 77/7. Imported or exported clandestinely and 
contrary to law. 

SMUG GLER, 71. 1. One that smuggles. 2. A vessel em- 
ployed in running goods. 

SMUG'GLING, ppr. Importing or exporting goods contrary 
to law. 

SIMUG'GLING, n. The offense of importing or exporting 
prohibited goods, or other goods without paying the cus- 
toms. 

t SMUG'LY, ady. Neatly; sprucely. Gay. 

t SMUG'NESS, y. Neatness; spruceness without elegance. 

SMu'LY, a. Looking smoothly ; demure. Cumberla7id. 

SMUT, 71. [Dan. smuds ; Sax. smitta ; D. 5wieZ.] I. A spot 
made with soot or coal ; or the foul matter itself. 2. A 
foul, black substance which forms on corn. 3. Obscene 
language. 

SMUT, y. z. 1. To stain or mark with smut; to blacken 
with coal, soot or other dirty substance. 2. To taint with 
mildew. 3. To blacken ; to tarnish. 

SMUT, y. i. To gather smut ; to be converted into smut. 

SMUTCH, y. Z. 'J'o blacken with smoke, soot or coal. 

SMUT'TLLY, adv. 1. Blackly ; smokily ; foully. 2. With 
obscene language. 

SMUT'TI-iNZESS, n. 1. Soil from smoke, soot, coal or 
smut. 2. Obsceneness of language. 

SMUT'TY, a. 1. Soiled with smut, coal, soot or the like. 
2. Tainted with mildew. 3. Obscene ; not modest or 
pure. 

SNACK, 71 . 1. A share. 2. A slight, hasty repast. 

SNACK'ET, or SNECK'ET, 71. The hasp of a casement. 
[^I^ocal.] Sher7cood. 

SNAC'OT, 71 . [L. acits.] A fish. Ainsiccrth. 

SNAF'FLE, n. [D. S7ieb, snavel.] A bridle consisting of a 
slender bitmouth without branches. 

SNAF'FLE, y. z. To bridle ; to manage w’ith a bridle. 

SNAG, 71 . 1. A short branch, or a sharp or rough branch ; 
a shoot ; a knot. Dryden. 2. A tooth, in contempt ; or a 
tooth projecting beyond the rest. 

SNAG, y. Z. To hew roughly with an axe. Morth of Eng. 

SNAG'GED, I a. Full of snags ; full of short, rough branches 

SNAG'GY, ^ or sharp points ; abounding with knots. 

SNaIL, n. [Sax. snagel, S7icgcl ; Sw. snigcl ; Dan.snc^eZ.] 
1. A slimy, slow-creeping animal, of the genus helix. 2. 
A drone; a slow-moving person. Shak. 

SNaIL'-CLa-VER, or SNaIL'-TRe-FOIL, n. A plant 
of the genus medicago. 

SNaIL'-FLOW-ER, 77. A plant of the genus phaseolus. 

SNaIL'-LIKE, a. Resembling a snail ; moving very 
SlOAVlV. 

SNaIL'-LTKE, adv. In the manner of a snail ; slowly. 

SNAKE, 77. [Sax. snaca : Dan. snog ; G. schnake.] A ser- 
pent of the oviparous kind. 

SNAKE, y. Z. In seamen’s laiisruage, to wind a small rope 
round a large one spirally, 'the^small rope lying in the 
spaces between the strands of the large one. 

SNaKE'ROOT, 77. [snake and root.] A plant. 

SNaKE’S'-^HEAD I'RIS, n. A plant. Lee. 


* See Synopsis, a, e, T, o, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE. BIRD ; 


[ Obsolete. 


SNE 


767 


SNO 


SNAKEWEED, n. A plant, bistort. 

SNaKE'WOOD, n. [6'?mA:cand wood.'] The smaller branches 
of a tree growing in the isle of Timor. 

SNaK'ING, ppr. Winding small ropes spirally round a large 
one. 

SNaK'IT, a. 1. Pertaining to a snake or to snakes ; resem- 
bling a snake ; serpentine ; winding. 2. Sly • cunning j 
insinuating; deceitful. 3. Having serpents. 

SNAP, V. t. [D. snappcn^ sjiaaweii ; G. schnappen ^ Dan. 
snapper.] 1. To break at once ; to break short. 2. To 
strike with a sharp sound 3. To bite or seize suddenly 
with the teeth. 4. To break upon suddenly with sJiarp, 
angry words. 5. To crack. — To snap off. 1. To break sud- 
denly. 2. To bile offsuddenly. — To snap one uj), to snap 
one up short, to treat with sharp words. 

SNAP, V. i. 1. To break short; to part asunder suddenly. 
2. To make an elfort to bite ; to aim to seize with the 
teeth. 3. To utter sharp, harsh, angry words. 

SNAP, n. ]. A sudden breaking or rupture of any sub- 
stance. 2. A sudden, eager bite, a sudden seizing or 
effort to seize with the teeth. 3. A crack of a whip. 4. 
A greedy fellow. 5. A catch ; a theft. 

SN^VP'-DRAG-ON, n. 1. A plant, calf ’s-snout. 2. A play 
in which raisins are snatched from burning brandy and 
put into the mouth. 3. The thing eaten at snap-dragon. 

SNAPE, V. t. Used in the JVoTtk of England for sneap. 

SNAP'HANCE, ?j. A kind of firelock. Shelton. 

SNAPPED, p>). Broken abruptly ; seized or bitten sudden- 
ly ; cracked, as a whip. 

SNAP'PER, n. One that snaps. Shah. 

SNAP'PISH, a. 1. Eager to bite; apt to snap. 2. Peev- 
ish ; sharp in reply ; apt to speak angrily or tartly. 

SN AP'PiSlJ-LY, ado. Peevishly; angrily; tartly. 

SNAP PISlf-NESS, n. The quality of being snappish; peev- 
ishness ; tartness. 

SNAP'SAOK, ?r. A knapsack. [Vulgar.] 

t SNaR, V. i. To snarl. Spenser. 

SNARE, n. [Dan. snare ; Sw. snara ; Dan. snore.] 1. An 
instrument for catching animals, particularly fowls, by 
the leg. 2. Any thing by which one is entang»ed and 
brought into trouble. 1 Cor. vii. 

SNARE, V. t. [Dan. snarer.] To catch with a snare ; to 
ensnare ; to entangle ; to bring into unexpected evil. 

SNARED, pp. Entangled; unexpectedly involved in diffi- 
culty. 

SNaR'ER, n. One who lays snares, or entangles. 

SNaR'ING, jijjr. Entangling; ensnaring. 

SNARL, r. i. [G. scIuiaTren ; D. snar.] 1. To growl, as 
an angry or surly dog ; to gnarl ; to utter grumbling 
sounds. 2. To speak roughly ; to talk in rude, murmur- 
ing terms. 

SNARL, r.t. 1. To entangle; to complicate; to involve 
in knots. 2. To embarrass. 

SNARL, n. Entanglement ; a knot or complication of hair, 
thread, &c., which it is difficult to disentangle. 

SNARL'ER, n. One who snarls ; a surly, growling animal ; 
a grumbling, quarrelsome fellow. Swift. 

SNARL'ING, jipr. 1. Growling; grumbling angrily. 2. 
Entangling. 

SNaR'Y, a. Entangling; insidious. Dryden. 

t SNAST, n. [G. schnautze.] The snuff of a candle. 

SNATCH, r?. t. pret. and pp. snatched, or snatcht. [D. 
snakhen.] 1. To seize hastily or abruptly. 2. To seize 
without permission or ceremony. 3. To seize and trans- 
port away. 

SNATCH, V. i. To catch at ; to attempt to seize suddenly. 

SNATCH, ?j. 1. A hasty catch or seizing. 2. A catching 
at or attempt to seize suddenly. 3. A short fit of vigorous 
action. 4. A broken or interrupted action; a short fit or 
turn. 5. A shuffling answer ; [La.] 

SNATCIP-BLOCK, ?i. A particular kind of block used in 
ships, having an opening in one side to receive the bight 
of a rope. 

SNATCHED, pp. Seized suddenly and violently. 

SNATCH'ER, n. One that snatches or takes abruptly. 
Shak. 

SNATCH'ING, ppr. Seizing hastily or abruptly; catch- 
ing at. 

SNATCH'ING-LY, adv. By snatching; hastily ; abruptly. 

SNATH, V. [Sax. snad ; Eng. snathe, sneath.] The handle 
of a sythe. J^'ew England. 

t SNATHE, V. t. [Sax. snidan, snit.han.] To lop ; to prune. 

SNAT'TOCK, n. A chip; a slice. [L. w.l Gayton. 

SNkAK, V. i. [Sax. snican ; Dan. snigcr^ 1. To creep or 
steal away privately ; to withdraw meanly, as a person 
afraid or ashamed to be seen. 2. To behave with mean- 
ness and servility ; to crouch ; to truckle. 

fSNEAK, 7J. t. To hide. Wake. 

SNeAK, n. A mean fellow. 

ISNeAK'-CUP. See SniEakup. 

SNeAK'ER, n. A small vessel of drink. [Local.] Spectator. 

SNeAKTNG, ppr. 1. Creeping away slily ; stealing away. 
2. a. Mean ; servile ; crouching. Rowe. 3. Meanly par- 
simonious ; covetous ; niggardly. 


SNEAKTNG-LY, adv. In a sneaking manner; meanly 
Herbert. 

SNeAK'ING-NESS, n. Meanness ; niggardliness. Boyle. 
t &NeAKS'BY, n. A paltry fel’ow. Barrow. 

I SNeAK'UP, n. A sneaking, cowardly, insidious fellow. 
fSNEAP, 7;. t. [Dan. snibbe.] 1. To check; to reprove 
abruptly ; to reprimand. Chaucer. 2. To nip. Shak. 
t SNEAP, ?j. A reprimand; a check. Shak. 

SNLB, V. t. To check ; to reprimand. [The same as 
sneap.] 

SNED. See Snathe. 

SNEED, or SNeAD,w. A snath. See Snath. 

SNEEK, n. The latch of a door. [A''ot in use, or local.] 
SNEER, V. i. I . To show contempt by turning up the noj^e, 
or by a particular cast of countenance. 2. To insinuate 
contempt by covert expression. 3. To utter with grimace. 
4. To show mirth awkwardly. 

SNEER, V. t. To treat with a kind of contempt. Thyer. 
SNEER, n. J. A look of contempt, or a turning up of the 
nose to manifest contempt ; a look of disdain, derision or 
ridicule. Tope. 2. An expression of ludicrous scorn. 
Watts. 

SNEER'ER, n. One that sneers. 

[SNEER'FIJL, a. Given to sneering. Shenstone. 
SNEERHNG, ppr. Manifesting contempt or scorn by turn- 
ing up the nose, or by some grimace or significant look. 
SNEER'ING-LY, adv. With a look of contempt or scorn. 
SNEEZE, V. i. [Sax. niesan ; 1). uiezen ; G. 7/ie6'c».] To 
emit air through the nose audibly and violently, by a kind 
of involuntary convulsive force, occasioned by irritation 
of the inner membrane of the nose. 

SNEEZE, 71. A sudden and violent ejection of air through 
the nose with an audible sound. Jdilton. 
SNEEZE'-\Y6RT, n. A plant, a species of achillea. 
SNEEZ'ING, ppr. Emitting air fronj the ))ose audibly. 
SNEEZ'ING, n. The act of ejecting air violently and audi- 
bly through the nose ; sternutation, 
t SNELL, a. [Sax.s/<e?.] Active; brisk; nimble. 

SNET, n. The fat of a deer. [Local among sportsmen.] 
t SNEVV, old pret. of snow. Chaucer. 

SNEW, or SNCE, v. i. Used in the A'’orth of England for 
sneer. 

SNIB, to nip or reprimand, is only a diffeient spelling of 
sneb, sneap. Hubberd’s Tale. 
f SNICK, 71. A small cut or mark ; a latch. 

[SNICK AND SNEE. A combat with knives. 

SNICK'ER, or SNIG'GER, v. i. [Sw. 7iiugg.] To laugh 
slily ; or to laugh in one’s sleeve. 

SNIFF, V. i. To draw air audibly up the nose. Swift. 
t SNIFF, V. t. To draw in with the breath. Todd. 
t SNIFF, 71. Perception by the nose. Warto7i. 

SNIFT, n. A moment, 
t SNIFT, V. i. To snort. 

SNIG,7/. a kind of eel. [Local.] Grose. 

SNTG'GLE, V. i. To fish for eels, by thrusting the bait into 
their holes. [Local.] Walto7i. 

SNIG'GLE, V. t. To snare; to catch. Beaumont. 

SNIP, V. t. [D. sTjqjpe/?.] To clip; to cut off the nip or neb, 
or to cut oft’ at once with shears or scissors. 

SNIP, n. 1. A clip ; a single cut with shears or scissors. 2. 

A small shred. 3. Share ; a snack ; [a low 7tord.' 

SNIPE, 77. [D. snip.] I. A bird that frequents wet places. 

2. A fool ; a blockhead. 

SNIPTER, 71. One that snips or clips. 

[ SNIP PET, 71. A small part or share. TTudibras. 
SNIP'-SNAP, 7?. A cant word formed by repeating snap, 
and signifying a tart dialogue with quick replies. Pope. 
[SNITE, 7J. [Sax.] A snipe. Carein. 

[SNTTE,?;. t. [Sax. snytan.] To blow the nose. — In Scot- 
land, suite the candle, snuff it. Gre7r. 

SNTTHE, or SNITIPY, a. Sharp; piercing; cutting; ap- 
plied to the u'ind. 

SNIV'EL, (sniv'l) 77. [Sax. 5??o/cZ.] Snot; mucus running 
from the nose. 

SNIV'EL, v.i. 1. To run at the nose. 2. To cry as chil- 
dren, with snuffing or sniveling. 

SNIV'EL-ER, 77. 1. One that cries with sniveling. 2. 

One that weeps for slight causes, or manifests weakness 
by weeping. 

SNIV'EL-Y, a. Running at the nose ; pitiful ; whining. 
SNOD, 77. r^ftx.] A fillet. [JV'bt m use, or local.] 

SNOD, a. Trimmed; smooth. [Local.] 
t SNOOK, V. i. [Sw. snoka.] To lurk ; to lie in ambush. 
SNORE, t>. i. [Sax. snora ; I). snorken.] To breathe with a 
rough, hoarse noise in sleep. Roscommo7i. 

SNORE, 77. A breathing with a harsh noise in sleep. 
SNoR'ER, 77. One that snores. 

SNoR'TNG, pj7r. Respiring with a harsh noise. 

SNORT, V. i. [G. schnarchen.] 1. To force the air with 
violence through the nose, so as to make a noise, as high- 
spirited horses in prancing and play. 2. To snore. 
SNORT, V. t. To turn up in anger, scorn or derision. 
SNORT'ER, 77. One that snorts ; a snorer. 
SNORT'ING,;7 /j 7-. Forcing the air violently through the nose. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; Gas J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TIi as in this. | Obsolete 


so 


768 


SOB 


SNORTING, n. 1. The act of forcing the air through the 
nose with violence and noise. Jer. viii. 2. Act of snoring. 

SNOT, /i. [Sax. snote ; D. snot / Uan. snot.] Mucus dis- 
charged from the nose. Swift. 

SNOT, V. t. [Sax. smjtan.] To blow the nose. Sherwood. 

SNOT'TER, V. i. To snivel ; to sob. [Local.] Qrose. 

SNOT'TY, a. 1. Foul with snot. 2. iVIean ; dirty. 

SNOUT, n. [W. ysnid ; D. snnit.] 1. The long projecting 
nose of a beast, as that of swine. 2. The nose of a man j 
in contenpt. 3. The nozzle or end of a hollow pipe. 

SNOUT, V. t. To furnish with a nozzle or point. Camden. 

SNOUT'ED, a. Having a snout. IleylLn. 

SNOUT'Y, a. Resembling a beast’s snout. Otway. 

SNo W, n. [Sax. snaw ; Goth, snaiws ; D. sneeuw ; G. schnee ; 
Han. snee ,• Sw. 5n«.] 1. Frozen vapor j watery particles 
congealed into white crystals in the air, and falling to the 
earth. 2. A vessel equipped with two masts, resembling 
the main and fore-masts of a ship, and a third small mast 
just abaR the main-mast carrying a try-sail. 

SNoW, V. i. (^ax. snawan.] To fall in snow. 

SNoVV,r?. t. To scatter like snow. Donne. 

SxNoW'BALL, n. [*-no;^ and ball.] A round mass of snow, 
pressed or rolled together. Dryden. 

SNoW'BALL-TREE, n. A flowering shrub ; gelder rose. 

SNoW'-BlRD, n. A small bird which appears in the time of 
snow, of the genus emberiza. 

SNoW'BROTH, 71. [snow and broth.] Snow and water 
mixed •, very cold liquor. Shale. 

SNoW’^'etlOWNED, a. [snow and crown.] Crowned or 
having the top covered with snow. Drayton. 

SNoW'DEEP, 71. [swoTo and rfepp.] A plant. 

SNoW'-DRTFT, n. [s?7oirj and drift.] A bank of snow 
driven together by the wind. 

SNoW'- DROP, 71. [snow and drop.] A plant bearing a 
white flower, cultivated in gardens for its beauty. 

SNoW'LESS, a. Destitute of snow. Tooke. 

SNoVV'LTKE, a. Resembling snow. 

SNoVV'-SHOE, 77. [57707C and shoe.] A shoe or racket worn 
by men traveling on snow, to prevent their feet from sink- 
ing into the snow. 

SNOW'-SLIP, 77. [S77070 and sZip.] A large mass of snow 
which slips down the side of a mountain, and sometimes 
buries houses. Ooldsmith. 

SNoW'-WHITE, a. White as snow j very white. 

SNoW'Y, a. 1. White like snow. 2. Abounding with 
sno'W ; covered with snow. 3. White ; pure j unblemished. 

f SNUB, n. [D. sneb.] A knot or protuberance in wood ; 
a snag. Spenser. 

SNUB, V. t. 1. To nip ; to clip or break off the end. 2. To 
check ; to reprimand ; to check, slop or rebuke with a 
tart, sarcastic reply or remark. 

f- SNUB, V. i. [G. scluiauben.] To sob with convulsions. 

SNUB'-NOSE, 77. A short or flat nose. 

SNUB'- Nosed, a. Having a short, flat nose. 

t SNUDGE, 77. i. [Dan. sniffer.] To lie close ; to snug. 

t SNUDGE, 77. A miser, or a sneaking fellow. 

SxNUFF, 77 . [D. snuf.] 1. The burning part of a candle 
wick, or that which has been charred by the flame, 
whether burning or not. 2. A candle almost burnt out. 
3. Pulverized tobacco, taken or prepared to be taken into 
the nose. 4. Resentment j huff, expressed by a snuffing 
of the nose. 

SNUFF, V. t. [D. snuffen ; G. scJniupfen.] 1. To draw in 
with the breath ; to inhale. 2. To scent ; to smell ; to 
perceive by the nose. 3. To crop the snuff, as of a can- 
dle ; to take off the end of the snuff, 

SNUFF, 77. i. 1. To snort; to inhale air with violence or 
with noise ; as dogs and horses. 2. To turn up the nose 
and inhale air in contempt. Mai. ii. 3. To take offense. 

SNUFF'BOX, 77. A box for carrying snuff about tlie person. 

SNUFF'ER, 77. One that snuffs. 

SNUFF'ERS, 77. plu. An instrument for cropping the snuff 
of a candle. 

SNUF'FLE, 77. i. [D. smtffclen ; G. n'nffeln.] To speak 
through the nose ; to breathe hard through the nose, or 
through the nose when obstructed. 

SNUF'FLER, n. One that snuffles or speaks through the 
nose when obstructed. 

SNTJF'FLES, 77. Obstruction of the nose by mucus. 

SNUFTLING, 77. A speaking through the nose. Sioift. 

SNUFF'TaK-ER, 77. Oi^e that takes snuff, or inhales it 
into the nose. 

SNTJFFW, a. Soiled with snuff. 

SNUG, 77. i. [Dan. sniger ; Sax. 5777car7.] To lie close. 

SNUG, a. [Sw. snygff.] 1. I-.ying close ; closely pressed. 
2. Close ; concealed ; not exposed to notice. 3. Being in 
good order ; all convenient ; neat. 4. Close ; neat ; con- 
venient. 5. Slily or insidiously close. 

SNUG'GLE, 77. t. To move one way and the other to get a 
close place ; to lie close for convenience or w'armth. 

SNUG'LY, adv. Closely ; safely. 

SNUG'NESS, 77. Closeness j the state of being neat or con- 
venient. Haleifs Cowper. 

SO, adv. [Goth., Sax. swa ‘j G. so, D. zo ; Dan. saa^ Sw. 


su.] 1. In like manner, answering to as, and noting 
comparison or resemblance. 2. In such a degree ; to that 
degree. 3. In such a manner ; sometimes repeated. 4. 
It is followed by as. 5. In the same manner. G. Thus ; 
in this manner. 7. Therefore; thus; for this reason ; in 
consequence of this or that. 8. On these terms, noting a 
conditional petition. 9. [L. modo.] Provided that; on 
condition that. 10. In like manner, nrding the concession 
of one proposition or fact and the assumption of another; 
answering to as. 11. So often expresses the sense of a 
word or sentence going before. 12. Thus ; thus it is ; 
this is the state. 13. Well ; the fact being such ; as, and so 
the work is done, is it 14. It is sometimes used to ex- 
press a certain degree, implying comparison, and yet 
without the corresponding word as, to render tire degree 
definite. 15. It is sometimes equivalent to be it so, let it be 
so, let it be as it is, or in that manner. IG. It expresses a 
wish, desire or petition. 17. So much as, however njuch. 

18. So so, or so repeated, used as a kind of exclamation ; 
equivalent to well, well; or it is so, the thing is done. 

19. So so, much as it was ; indifferently ; not well nor 
much amiss. 20. So then, thus then it is ; therefore ; the 
consequence is. Shak. 

SoAK, 77. t. r^ax. socian; W, swgiaw.] 1. To steep; to 
cpse or suffer to lie in a fluid till the substance has im- 
bibed what it can contain ; to macerate in water or other 
fluid. 2. To drench ; to wet thoroughly. 3. To draw in 
by the pores ; as the skin. 4. To drain. 

SoAK, 77. 7. 1. To lie steeped in water or other fluid. 2. 
To enter into pores or interstices. 3. To drink intemper- 
ately or gluttonously ; to drench. 

Soaked, pp. steeped or macerated in a fluid; drenched. 

SoAK'ER, 77. 1. One that soaks or macerates iji a liquid. 
2. A hard drinker ; [ZoTa.j 

SoAKTNG, ppr. 1. Steeping; macerating; drenching ; im- 
bibing. 2. a. That wets thoroughly. 

SoAL of a shoe. See Sole. 

SoAP, 77. [Sax. sape ; D. zeep ; G. seife.] A compound of 
oil and alkali, or oil and earth, and metallic oxyds ; used 
m washing and cleansing, in medicine, &c. 

SoAP, 77. t. [Sax. sapan ; D. zeepen ; G. seifen.] To rub or 
wash over with soap. 

SoAP'BER-RY-TREE, n. A tree of the genus sapindus. 

SoAP/-BOIL-ER, 77. [soap and boiler.] One whose occupa- 
tion is to make soap. 

SoAP'STONE, 77. Steatite ; a mineral. 

SoAP'-SUDS, 77. Suds ; water well impregnated with soap, 

SoAP'WoRT, 77. A plant of the genus saponaria. 

SoAP/Y, a. 1. Resembling soap; having the qualities of 
soap ; soft and smooth. 2. Smeared with soap. 

Soar, L*. 7. [Fr. essorer; It. sorare.] 1. To fly aloft; to 
mount upon the wing ; as an eagle. 2. To rise high ; to 
mount ; to tower in thought or imagination ; to be sublime ; 
as the poet or orator. 3. To rise high in ambition or hero- 
ism. — 4. In general, to rise aloft ; to be lofty. 

Soar, see Sore. 

Soar, n. a towering flight. Milton. 

SoAR'ING, ppr. Mounting on the wing ; rising aloft ; tow- 
ering in thought or mind. 

SoAR'ING, 77. The act of mounting on the wing, or of 
towering in thought or mind ; intellectual flight. 

SOB, 77. 7. [Sax. seaZ>^c77£Z.] To sigh with a sudden heaving 
of the breast, or a kind of convulsive motion ; to sigh 
with deep sorrow or with tears. 

SOB, 77. A convulsive sigh or catching of the breatli in 
sorrow ; a convulsive act of respiration obstructed by 
sorrow. Dryden. 

f SOB, 77. t. To soak. Mortimer. 

SOB'BING, ppr. Sighing with a heaving of the breast. 

SO'BER, a. [Fr. sobre ; It. sobrio ; L. sobrius ; D. sober.] 

1. Temperate in the use of spirituous liquors ; habitually 
temperate. 2. Not intoxicated or overpowered by spirit- 
uous liquors ; not drunken. 3. Not mad or insane ; not 
wild, visionary or heated with passion ; having the regu- 
lar exercise of cool, dispassionate reason. 4. Regular ; 
calm; not under the influence of passion. 5. Serious; 
solemn ; grave ; as, the sober livery of autumn. 

So'BER, V. t. To make sober ; to cure of intoxication. 

So'BERED, pp. IMade sober, 

So'BER-LY, adv. 1. Without intemperance. 2. Without 
enthusiasm. 3. Without intemperate passion ; coolly ; 
calmly ; moderately. 4. Gravely ; seriousl}^ 

So'BER-xMTND-ED, a. Having a disposition or temper ha- 
bitually sober, calm and temperate. 

So'BER-MTND-ED-NESS, n. Calmness; freedom from 
inordinate passions ; habitual sobriety. Porteus. 

So'BER-NESS, 77. 1. Freedom from intoxication ; temper- 
ance. 2. Gravity ; seriousness, 3. Freedom from heat 
and passion ; calmness ; coolness. 

SO-BRI'E-TY, 77. [Fr sobrietd ; 1j. sobrietas.] 1. Habitual 
soberness or temperance in the use of spirituous liquors. 

2. Freedom from intoxication. 3. Habitual freedom from 
enthusiasm, inordinate passion or overheated imagination ; 


See Synopsis. A, E, I, G, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BiltD ; — f Obsolete. 


SOD 


7G9 


SOI 


calmness ; coolness. 4. Seriousness 3 gravity without 
sadness or melancholy. 

SOe, n. [Sax. 50c.] 1. Properly, the sequela, secta or suit, 

or the body of suitors ; hence, the power or privilege of 
holding a court in a (.islrict, as in a manor ; jurisdiction 
of causes, and the limits of that jurisdiction. 2. Liberty 
or privilege of tenants excused from customary burdens. 
3. An exclusive privilege claimed by millers of grinding 
all the corn used within the manor or township in which 
the mill stands. Orose. 

SOG'AOE, 11. [from soc, a privilege.] In En/rlish laio, a 
tenure of lands and tenements by a certain or determinate 
service ; a tenure distinct from chivalry or knight’s ser- 
vice, in which the render was uncertain. Blackstone. 

S0G'A-6ER, 71. A tenant by socage 3 a socman. 

SO-CI-A-BIL'I-TY, (so-she-a-bil'e-ty) n. [Fr. socidbilite.'] 
Sociableness ; disposition to associate and converse with 
others 3 or the practice of familiar converse. 

So'CIA-BLE, a. [Fr. sociable ; L. sociabilis.] 1. That may 
be conjoined ; fit to be united in one body or company. 
2. Ready or disposed to unite in a general interest. 3. 
Ready and inclined to join in company or society 3 or fre- 
quently meeting for conversation. 4. Inclined to converse 
when in company 5 disposed to freedom in conversation. 
5. Free in conversation 3 conversing much or famil- 
iarly. 

* So'CIA-BLE, 71. A kind of less exalted phaeton, with two 
seats facing each other, and a box for the driver. Mason. 

*So'Cl A-BLE-NESS,?i. Disposition to associate 3 inclination 
to company and converse 3 or actual frequent union in so- 
ciety or free converse. 

*So'CIA-BLY, adv. In a sociable manner 3 with free inter- 
course 3 conversibly 3 familiarly ; as a companion. 

So'CIAL, (so'shal) a. [Li. socialis.^ 1. Pertaining to socie- 
ty 3 relating to men living in society, or to tlie public as an 
aggregate body. 2. Ready or disposed to mix in friendly 
converse 3 companionable. 3. Consisting in union or 
mutual converse. 4. Disposed to unite in society. 

SO-CI-AL'I-TY, 71. Socialness 3 the quality of being social. 

So'CIAL-lZE, V. t. To reduce to a social state. 

SO'CIAL-LY, adv. In a social manner or way. 

So'CIAL-NESS, n. The quality of being social. 

I SO'CIATE, V. i. To associate 3 to mix with company. 
Shelford. 

SO-CPE-TY, 71. [Fr. societe ; Sp. sociedad ; It. societd ; L. 
societas.] 1. The union of a number of rational beings 3 
or a number of persons united, either for a temporary or 
permanent purpose. 2. Any number of persons associated 
for a particular purpose, whether incorporated by law. or 
only united by articles of agreement 3 a fraternity. 3. 
Company 3 a temporary association of persons for profit 
or pleasure. 4. Compa'ny 3 fellowship. 5. Partnership 3 
fellowship 3 union on equal terms. 6. Persons living in 
the same neighborhood, who frequently meet in company 
and have fellowship. — 7. In Connecticut, a number of 
families united and incorporated for the purpose of sup- 
porting public worship, is called an ecclesiastical society. 

SO-CINT-AN, a. [from Socinus.] Pertaining to Socinus or 
his religious creed. 

SO-CIN'I-AN, 71. One of the followers of Socinus. 

SO-CIN'I-AN-ISM, 71. The doctrines of Socinus. 

SOCK, n. [Sax. socc ; L. soccus ; Sw. socka ; G. socke.] 1. 
The shoe of the ancient actors of comedy. 2. A garment 
for tile foot, like the foot of a stocking. 3. A ploughshare. 

SOCK'ET, 71. [Ir. soicead.] 1. The little hollow tube or 
place ill which a candle is fixed in the candlestick. 2. 
Any hollow thing or place which receives and holds 
something else. 

SOeiv'ET-CHLS-EL, v. A chisel made with a socket. 

SOCK' LESS, a. Destitute of socks or shoes. Beaumont. 

So'CLE, n. In architecture, a flat square member under the 
bases of pedestals of vases and statues, serving as a foot 

or stand. , ^ , 

SOG'MAN,7j. One who holds lands or tenements by socage. 

t SOG'MAN-RY, 71. Tenure by socage. Coicel. 

fSOG OME, 71. A custom of tenants to grind corn at the 

lord’s mill. Cowel. , 

SOG'O-TO-RINE, \ a. Sctcotorine or Socotrme aloes, a fine 

SOG'O-TRINE, ) kind of aloes from Socotra. 

SO-GRAT'I€, I a. Pertaining to Socrates, the Grecian 

SO-GRAT'I-GAL, ( sage, or to his manner of teaching. 

SO-GRAT'I-GAL-LY, adv. In the Socratic method. 

SOG'RA-TISM, 71. The philosophy of Socrates. 

SOC'RA-TIST, n. A disciple of Socrates. Martin. 

SOD n. \D. zoode ; G. sode.] Turf 3 sward 3 that stratuni 
of earth on the surface which is filled with the roots of 
grass. 

SOD, a. Made or consisting of sod. 

SOD, V. t. To cover with sod 3 to turf. 

SOD, pret. of seethe ; also the passive participle. 

So'DA, n. [G. soda ; B. souda ; It. soda.] Mineral fixed 
alkali 3 natron 3 so called because it forms the basis 01 
marine salt. 

So'DA-LITE, 71. A mineral. 


compo- 


2. One 


holding 


Weak 3 impressible. 14. Gentle , 
the ear 3 not loud, rough or harsh. 


* See Synopsis. 


MOVE, BOOK, D6VE 3— BULL, UNITE.- 
49 


SO-DAL'I-TY, 71. [L. sodalitas.] A fellowship or frater- 
nity. 

SO'DA-WA-TER, 71. A very weak solution of soda in 
water supersaturated witli carbonic acid. 

SOD'DEN, jjp. of seethe. Boiled 3 seethed. 

SOD'DY, a. Turfy 3 consisting of sod 3 covered with sod. 
SOD'ER, V. t. [W. sated, satedriaw ; Fr. souder ; It. sod- 
are.] To unite and make solid, as metallic substances 3 
to join separate things or iiarts of the same thing by a me- 
tallic substance in a state of fusion. 

SOD^ER, 71. Metallic cement 3 a metal or metallic 
sition used in uniting other metallic substances. 
So'DI-UM, 71. The metallic base of soda. Davy. 
SOD'OM-iTE, 71. 1. An inhabitant of Sodom, 
guilty of sodomy. 

SOD'O-MY, 71. A crime against nature. 

SoE, 71. [Scot. 5ae.j A large wooden vessel for 
water 3 a cowl. [Local.] More. 

SO-EV'ER, so and ever, found in compounds, as in whosoev- 
er, whatsoever, wheresoever. See these words. 

So'FA, 71. [probably an oriental word. Qu. Sw. sofea.] An 
elegant long seat, usually with a stufled bottom. 
SO-FETT'EN, 71. A small sofa. 

SOF'FIT, 71. [It. sojjitta.] L In architecture , any timber 
ceiling formed of crossbeams, the compartments of which 
are enriched with sculpture, painting or gilding. 2. The 
under side or face of an architrave, enriched with com- 
partments of roses. 

SOFT, a. [Sax. softe, softa.] 1. Easily yielding to pres- 
sure 3 the contrary of hard. 2. Not hard 3 easily separat- 
ed by an edged instrument. 3. Easily worked 3 malleable. 
4. Not rough, rugged or harsh 3 smooth to the touch 3 del- 
icate. 5. Delicate 3 feminine. 6. Easily yielding to 
persuasion or motives 5 flexible 3 susceptible of influence 
or passion. 7. Tender 3 timorous. 8. Mild 3 gentle 3 
kind 3 not severe or unfeeling. 9. Civil 3 complaisant 3 
courteous. 10. Placid 3 still 3 easy. 11. Elfeminate 3 
viciously nice. 12. Delicate 3 elegantly tender. 13. 

smooth or melodious to 
15. Smooth 3 flowing 3 
not rough or vehement. IG. Easy 3 quiet 3 undisturbed. 
17. Mild to the eye 3 not strong or glaring. 18. iUild 3 
warm 3 pleasant to the feelings. 19. Not tinged with an 
acid 3 not hard 3 not astringent. 20. Mild 3 gentle 3 not 
rough, rude or irritating. 

SOFT, adv. Softly 3 gently 3 quietly. 

SOFT, exclam, for be soft, hold 3 stop 3 not so fast. 
SOFT'EN, {sof‘n)v.t. 1. To make soft or more soft 3 to 
make less hard. 2. To mollify 3 to make less fierce or 
intractable 3 to make more susceptible of humane or fine 
feelings. 3. To make less harsh or severe. 4. To palli- 
ate 3 to represent as less enormous. 5. To make easy 3 
to compose 3 to mitigate 3 to alleviate. 6. To make calm 
and placid. 7. To make less harsh, less rude, less ollen- 
sive or violent. 8. To make less glaring. 9. 9’o make 
tender 3 to make effeminate 3 to enervate. 10. To make 
less harsh or grating. 

SOFT'EN, (sofn) v.i. 1. To become less hard 3 to become 
more pliable and yielding to pressure. 2. To become less 
rude, harsh or cruel. 3. To become less obstinate or ob- 
durate 3 to become more susceptible of humane feelings and 
tenderness 3 to relent. 4. To become more mild. 5. To 
become less harsh, severe or rigorous. 

SOFT'ENED, pp. JMade less hard or less harsh 3 modeless 
obdurate or cruel, or less glaring. 

SOFT'EN-ING, Making more soft 3 making less rough 
or cruel, &c. 

SOFT'EN-ING, n. The act of making less hard, less cruel 
or obdurate, less violent, less glaring, &c. 
SOFT'-IIEART-ED, a. llaving tenderness of heart 3 sus- 
ceptible of pity 3 gentle 3 meek. 

SOFT'LING, n. An effeminate person. [Little used.] 
SOFT'LY, adv. 1. Without hardness. 2. Not with force 
or violence 3 gently. 3. Not loudly 3 without noise. 4. 
Gently 3 placidly. 5. Mildly 3 tenderly. 

SOFT'NER, 71. 1. He or tliat wliich softens. 2. One that 
palliates. Swift. 

SOFT'NESS, n. 1. The quality of bodies which renders 
them capable of yielding to pressure 3 opposed to hardness. 
2. Susceptibility of feeling or passion. 3. Mildness 3 
kindness. 4. Mildness 3 ci\Mlity 3 gentleness. 5. Effem- 
inacy 3 vicious delicacy. 6. Timorousness 3 pusillanimity 3 
excessive susceptibility of fear or alarm. 7. Smoothness 
to the ear. 8. Facility 3 gentleness 3 candor 3 easiness to 

be affected. 9. Gentleness, as contrary to re/imc7fcc. 10. 

Mildness of temper 3 meekness. 11. Weakness 3 sim- 
plicitv. P3. Mild temperature. 

SOG'GY, a. [allied, probably, to 50 g/£; . soe^.] 1. V\ et 3 

filled with water 3 soft with moisture. 2. Streaming with 

SO-HoJ*c7:cZa77j. A word used in calling from a distant place 3 
a sportsman’s halloo. Shak. ^ 

SOIL, v. t. [Sax. selan, sylian ; Dan. sdlcr ; Sw. sola; Fr. 
salir, souiller.] 1. To make d irty on the surface 3 to foul 3 

as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 ClI as SII 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


SOL 


770 


SOL 


to dirt j to stain; to defile; to tarnish; to sully. Milton. 
S. To cover or tinge with any thing extraneous. 3. To 
dung; to manure. — To sod a horse, is to purge liim by 
giving him fresh grass. — To soil cattle, in husbandry, is to 
feed them with grass daily mowed for them, instead of 
pasturing them. 

SOIL, n. [G. si/fe.] 1. Dirt ; any foul matter upon another 
substance ; foulness ; spot. 2. Stain ; tarnish. 3. 'i'he 
upper stratum of the earth ; the mold. 4. Land ; country. 
5. Dung ; compost. — To take soil, to run into the water, 
as a deer when pursued. 

SOILED, pp. Fouled ; stained ; tarnished ; manured ; fed 
with grass. 

SOIL'I-NESS, n. Stain ; foulness. [Little used.] Bacon. 
SOIL'ING, ppr. Defiling; fouling; tarnishing; feeding 
with fresh grass ; manuring. 

SOIL'ING, n. The act or practice of feeding cattle or 
horses with fresh grass, instead of pasturing them. 
SOIL'LESS, a. Destitute of soil. Bigshij. 
f SOIL'URE, 71. [PT. souillure.] Stain ; pollution. Shalt. 
^So'JoURN, or SO-J6URN', (so'jurn, or so-jurn') v. i. [Fr. 
sejourner.] To dwell for a time ; to dwell or live in a place 
as a temporary resident, or as a stranger, not considering 
the place as his permanent habitation. 

^So'JoURN, 71. A temporary residence, as that of a traveler 
in a foreign land. Milton. 

*So'J6URN-ER, 71. A temporary resident; a stranger or 
traveler who dwells in a place for a time. 

^ So'JoURN-ING, ppr. Dwelling for a time. 

* So'J6URN-ING, n. The act of dwelling in a place for a 
tinie ; also, the time of abode. Ex. xii. 

* So'JoURN-MENT, 71. Temporary residence, as that of a 
stranger or traveler. Walsh. 

SOL, 71. [ISiovm. soulte,soulds, souz i from L. solidus.] 1. 
In France, a small copper coin ; a penny; usually soil or 
sous. 2. A copper coin and money of account in Switzer- 
land. 

SoL, n. [It.] The name of a note in music. 

SOL'ACE, v.t. [li. sollazzare E. solatium.] 1. To cheer 
in grief or under calamity ; to comfort; to relieve in af- 
fliction ; to console. 2. To allay ; to assuage, 
t SOL'ACE, V. i. To take comfort ; to be cheered or relieved 
in grief. Shak. 

SOL'ACE, n. [It. soUazzo ; L. solatium.] Comfort in 
grief ; alleviation of grief or anxiety ; also, that which 
relieves in distress; recreation. 

SOL'ACED, pp. Comforted ; cheered in affliction. 
SOL'A-CING, ppr. Relieving grief ; cheering in affliction, 
t SO-La'CIOUS, a. Affording comfort or amusement. 
SO-LAND'ER, n. [Fr. soula7idrcs.] A disease in horses. 
So'L AN-GOOSE, n. The gannet, an aquatic fowl found on 
the coasts of Great Britain and Ireland. 

SO-La'NO, n. A hot S. E. wind in Spain. 

So'LAR, a. [Fr. solaire ; L,. Solaris.] 1. Pertaining to the 
sun, as the solar system ; or proceeding from it. — 2. In 
astrology, born under the predominant influence of the 
sun ; [o&s.] Dryden. 3. Measured by the progress of the 
sun, or by its revolution. 

Sold, pret. and pp. of sell. 

t Sold, n,. [Norm, soude.] Salary ; military pay. Spenser. 
SOL'D AN, for sultan, not in use. Milton. 

SOL'DA-NEL, n. [L. soldanella.] A plant. 

* SOL'DER, v.t. [from E. solido, solidus.] To unite by a 
metallic cement. See Soder. 

* SOL'DER, 71. A metallic cement. See Soder. 

SoLD'IER, (sol'jur) 77. [Fr. soldat ; Norm, soudeycr, sou- 

dic7's ; It. soldato ; Sp. soldado.] I. A man engaged in 
military service ; one whose occupation is military ; a 
man enlisted for service in an army ; a private, or one in 
the ranks. 2. A man enrolled for service when on duty 
or iinbodied for military discipline ; a private. — 3. Em- 
phatically, a brave warrior ; a man of military experience 
and skill, or a man of distinguished valor, 
f SoLD'IER-ESS, 77. A female soldier. Beaumont. 
SoLD'IER-LIKE, I a. Like or becoming a real soldier; 
SoLD'IER-LY, | brave; martial; heroic; honorable. 
SoLD'IER-SIIlP, n. Military qualities ; military character 
or state ; martial skill ; behavior becoming a soldier. 
SoLD'IER-Y, 77. 1. Soldiers collectively ; the body of mili- 
tary men. 2. Soldiership ; military service ; [oZ>s.] 

SOLE, n. [Sax. sol ; D. zoul ; G. sohlc ; Dan. sole ; Fr. soZ*?.] 

1. Tlie bottom of the foot ; and, by a figure, the foot itself. 

2. The bottom of a shoe ; or the piece of leather which 
constitutes the bottom. 3. The part of any thing that 
forms the bottom, and on which it stands upon the ground. 

4. A marine fish. — 5. In ship building, a sort of lining, 
used to prevent the wearing of any thing. 6. A sort of 
horn under a horse’s hoof. 

SOLE, V. t. To furnish with a sole ; as, to sole a shoe. 

SOLE, a. [L. 5oZ?7.? Fr. seul ; It., Sp. ^o/o.] 1. Single; 

being or acting without another ; individual ; only. — 2. In 
law, single ; unmarried ; as a femme sole. 

SOL'E-CISM, 77. [Gr. ao\oiKiapog.] 1. Impropriety in 
language, or a gross deviation from the rules of syiitax ; 


incongruity of words ; want of correspondence or consist- 
ency. 2. Any unfitness, absurdity or impropriety. 
SOL'E-CIST, 77. [Gr. o-oXo(7ct(Tro5.] One who is guilty of im- 
propriety in language. Blackwall. 

SOL-E-CIST'IC, I a. Incorrect ; incongruous. John- 
SOL-E-CIST'I-€AL, \ soli. 

SOL-E-CIST'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a solecistic manner. 
SOL'E-CIZE, V. i. [Gr. coXotTa^w.] To commit solecism* 
SoLE'LY, adv. Singly ; alone ; only ; without another. 
SOL'EMN, (sol'em) a. [Fr. solennel ; It. solenne ;Sp. solem- 
ne ; L. solennis.] 1. Anniversary ; observed once a year 
with religious ceremonies. 2. Religiously grave ; marked 
with pomp and sanctity ; attended with religious rites. 3. 
Religiously serious ; piously grave; devout; marked by 
reverence to God. 4. Affecting with seriousness ; impress- 
ing or adapted to impress seriousness, gravity or reverence ; 
sober ; serious. 5. Grave ; serious ; or affectedly grave. 
(). Sacred ; enjoined by religion ; or attended with a seri- 
ous appeal to God. 7. Marked with solemnities. 
SOL'ExM-NESS, 77. 1. The state or quality of being solemn ; 
reverential manner ; gravity. 2. Solemnity ; gravity of 
manner. Wotton. 

SO-LEM'NI-TY, 77. [Fr. sol emnite.] I. A rite or ceremony 
annually performed with religious reverence. 2. A re- 
ligious ceremony ; a ritual performance attended with 
religious reverence. 3. A ceremony adapted to impress 
awe. 4. Manner of acting awfully serious. 5. Gravity ; 
steady seriousness. 6. Affected gravity. 
SOL-EM-NLZa'TION, 77. I’he act of solemnizing. 
SOL'EM-NlZE, v.t. [Fr. solenniser ^ It. solennizzare.] 1. 
To dignify or honor by ceremonies ; to celebrate. 2. To 
perform with ritual ceremonies and respect, or according 
to legal forms. 3. To perform religiously once a year. 4. 
To make grave, serious and reverential ; as, to soleviLiize 
the mind for the duties of the sanctuary ; [this use of the 
word is well authorized in the United States.] 
SOL'EXI-NIZ-ER, n. One who perforins a solemn rite or 
ceremony. Clarke. 

SOL'EMN-LY, adv. 1. With gravity and religious reverence ; 
2. With official formalities and by due authority. 3. With 
formal state. 4. With formal gravity and stateliness, or 
with affected gravity. 5. With religious seriousness. 
SoLE'NESS, 77. Singleness ; a state of being unconnected 
_yvith others. Dering. 

So'LEN-ITE, 77. Petrified solen, a genus of shells. 

SoL-FA, V. i. To pronounce the notes of the gammut, 
ascending or descending, ut, re, mi, fa, sol, la, and c con- 
verso. 

SO-LIC'IT, v.t. [li. soUcito ; Fr. solliciter ; It. soiled tare.] 
I. To ask with some degree of earnestness ; to make pe- 
tition to ; to apply to for obtaining something. This word 
implies earnestness in seeking, but I think less earnestness 
than beg, i777plore, C7itreat and importune, and more than 
ask or request ; as when we say, a man solicits the minis- 
ter for an office ; he solicits his father for a‘ favor. 2. To 
ask for with some degree of earnestness ; to seek by peti- 
tion. 3. To awake or excite to action ; to summon ; to 
invite. 4. To attempt; to try to obtain. 5. To disturb ; 
to disquiet ; a Latinisrn, rarely used. 

SO-LIC-I-Ta'TION, 77. I. Earnest request ; a seeking to ob- 
tain something from another wdth some degree of zeal and 
eatnestness. 2. Excitement ; invitation. 

SO-LIC IT-ED, pp. Earnestly requested. 

SO-LIC'IT-ING, ppr. Requesting with earnestness ; asking 
for ; attempting to obtain. 

SO-LIC'IT-OR, 77. [Fr. solliciteur.] 1. One who asks with 
earnestness ; one that asks for another. 2. An attorney, 
advocate or counselor at law w'ho is authorized to prac- 
tice in the English court of chancery. — In j9merica, an 
advocate or counselor at law, who, like the attorney-gen- 
eral or state’s-attorney, prosecutes actions for the state. 
SO-LIC'IT-OR-GEN'ER-AL, n. A lawyer in Great Britain, 
who is emj)loyed as counsel for the queen. 
SO-LIC'IT-OUS, a. [L. 6-oZzc7t77s.] 1. Careful; anxious; 

very desirous, as to obtain something, 2. Careful ; anx- 
ious ; concerned ; as respecting an unknown but interest- 
ing event. 3. Anxious; concerned; followed by/t7r, as 
when something is to be obtained. 

SO-LIC'IT-OUS-LY, adT;. Anxiously; with care and con- 
cern. 

SO-LIC'I-TRESS, 77. A female who solicits or petitions. 
SO-LIC'I-TUDE, 77. [L. solicitudo.] Carefulness ; concern ; 

anxiety ; uneasiness of mind. 

SOL'ID, a. [L. solidus ; Fr. solide ; It., Sp. solido.] I. Hard ; 
firm ; compact ; having its constituent particles so close 
or dense as to resist the impression or penetration of other 
bodies. 2. Not hollow ; full of matter. 3. Having all 
the geometrical dimensions ; cubic. 4. Firm ; compact ; 
strong. 5. Sound ; not weakly. 6. Real ; sound ; valid ; 
true ; just ; not empty or fallacious. 7. Grave ; profound ; 
not light, trifling or superficial. — 8. In botany, of a fleshy, 
uniform, undivided substance, as a bulb or root. 

SOL'ID, 77. A firm, compact body. 

SOL'I-DATE, V. t. [L. ^oZido.] To make solid or firm. [L. 77 .] 


See Synopsis, a, K, T, o, U, Y, Zo 77^.— FAR, FALI., WHAT PRgY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


V' 


SOL 


771 


SON 


SO-LID-I-FI-€a^TION, n. The act of making solid. 

SO-LID'l-F^ED, pp. Made solid. 

SO-LIDT-FY, V. t, [L. solidus and /acio.] To make solid 
ov compact. 

SO-LID'1-FY-ING, ppr. Making solid. 

SO-LID'I-TY, 71. [Fr. solidite j Li. soUditas.^ ]. Firmness; 
hardness ; density ; compactness ; that quality of bodies 
which resists impression and penetration. 2. Fulness of 
matter. 3. Moral firmness ; soundness ; strength ; valid- 
ity ; truth ; certainty. — 4. Ingeometryj the solid contents 
of a body. 

SOL'ID-LY, adv. 1. Firmly; densely ; compactly. 2. Firm- 
ly ; truly ; on firm grounds. Digby. 

SOL'ID-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being firm, dense or 
compact ; firmness ; compactness ; solidity. 2. Sound- 
ness ; strength ; truth ; validity. 

SOL-I-DUN'GU-LOUS, a. [L. solidus and ungula.J Hav- 
ing hoofs that are whole or not cloven. Barrow. 

SOL-I-FID'I-AN, n. [L. solus and fides.^ One who main- 
tains that faith alone, without works, is necessary to jus- 
^ tiflcation. 

SOL-I-FID'I-AN, a. Holding the tenets of Solifidians. 

SOL-I-FID'I-AN-ISM, n. The tenets of Solifidians. 

SO-LIL'0-Q,UIZE, V. i. To utter a soliloquy. 

S0-LIL'0-Q,UY, n. [Fr. soliloque ; It., Sp. soliloquio.'] 1. 
A talking to one’s self; a talking or discourse of a person 
alone, or not addressed to another person, even when 
others are present. 2. A written composition, reciting 
what it is supposed a person speaks to himself. 

SOL'1-PED, 77. [L. solus and^^e^.] An animal whose foot is 
not cloven. Brown. 

SOL-I-TaIRE', 77. [Fr. solitaire.l 1. A person who lives 
in solitude ; a recluse ; a hermit. 2. An ornament for 
the neck. 

SOL-I-Ta'RI-AN, 77. A hermit. Twisdcn. 

SOL'I-TA-RI-LY, adv. In solitude ; alone. 

SOL'I-TA-RI-NESS, n. I. The state of being alone ; for- 
bearance of company ; retirement, or habitual retirement. 

2. Solitude ; loneliness ; destitution of company or of an- 
imated beings. 

SOL'I-TA-RY, a. \Fr. solitaire ; h. solitarius.'\ 1. Living 
alone ; not having company. 2. Retired ; remote from 
society ; not having company, or not much frequented. 

3. Lonely ; destitute of company. 4. Gloomy ; still ; 
dismal. 5. Single. — 6. In botany, separate ; one only in 
a place. 

SOL'I-TA-RY, n. One that lives alone or in solitude ; a her- 
mit; a recluse. Pope. 

SOL'I-TUDE, 77. [Fr.; L. 1. Loneliness ; a state 

of being alone ; a lonely life. 2. Loneliness; remoteness 
from society ; destitution of company. 3. A lonely place ; 
a desert. Pope. 

SO-LIV'A-GANT, a. [L. solivagus.] Wandering alone. 

jSOL'LAR, 77. [Low L. solarium.] A garret or upper 
room. 

SOL-MI-Za'TION, 77.. [from sol, 7777 .] A solfaing ; a rep- 
etition or recital of the notes of the gammut. 

So'LO, 77 . [It.] A tune, air or strain to be played by a sin- 
gle instrument, or sung by a single voice. 

SOL'O-MON’S LEAF, n. A plant. 

SOL'O-MON’S Seal, 77. A plant. Pam. of Plants. 

SOL'STiCE, 77 . [Fr.; L. solstitium.] In a5t7'07707777/, the point 
in the ecliptic at which the sun stops or ceases to recede 
from the equator, either north in summer, or south in win- 
ter ; a tropic, or tropical point. 

S0L-STI"TIAL, a. 1. Pertaining to a solstice. 2. Hap- 
pening at a solstice ; usually, with us, at the summer sol- 
stice or midsummer. 

SOL-U-BIL'I-TY, 77 . The quality of a body which renders 
it susceptible of solution ; susceptibility of being dissolved 
in a fluid. 

SOL'U-BLE, a. [L. 5oZ77i7775.] Susceptible of being dissolv- 
ed in a fluid ; capable of solution. 

So'LUND-GOOSE. See Solan-goose. 

SO-LuTE', a. [L. 5oZ77t<76'.] 1. Ina^cTteraZ loose ; 

free ; [o/j*-.] — 2. In botany, loose ; not adhering. 

fSO-LuTE', v.t. To dissolve. Bacon. 

SO-Lu'TION, 77 . [Fr. ; It. soluzione ; Sp. solucion.] L 
The act of separating the parts of any body ; disruption ; 
breach. 2. The operation or process of dissolving or 
melting in a fluid. 3. Resolution ; explanation ; the act 
of explaiiiing or removing difficulty or doubt. 4, Re- 
lease ; deliverance ; discharge. — 5. InaZg-eZ77-fl and geome- 
try, the answering of a question, or tlie resolving of a 
problem proposed. 

SOL'U-TIVE, a. Tending to dissolve ; loosening ; laxa- 
tive. 

SOLV-A-BIL'I-TY, 77. Ability to pay ail just debts. Encijc. 

SOLV'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be solved, resolved or ex- 
plained. 2. That can be paid. 

SOLVE, (solv) v.t. [h.solvo; Fr. soudre; Jt. solvere.] 1. 
Properly, to loosen or separate the parts of any thing ; 
hence, to explain ; to resolve ; to eclaircise j to unfold ; 
to clear up. 2. To remove ; to dissipate. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE j—BULL, UNITE. 


SOLVED, pp. Explained ; removed. 

SOLV'EN-CY, 77 . [L. s77Zye77i,-.] Ability to pay all debts or 
just claims. 

SOL-VEND', 77 . A substance to be dissolved. Kirwan. 

SOLV'ENT, a. 1. Having the power of dissolving. 2. 
Able to pay all just deb^ts. 3. Sufficient to pay all just 
debts. 

SOLV'ENT, 77 . A fluid that dissolves any substance is 
called the solvent. 

SOLV'ER, 77 . Whoever or whatever explains or solves. 

SOLV'I-BLE, a. Solvable, which see. 

t SO-MAT'ie, \ a. [Gr. awpanKos.] Corporeal ; pertain- 

I SO-MAT'I-CAL, ] ing to a body. 

So'MA-TIST, 77 . One who admits the existence of corpore- 
al or material beings only ; one who denies the existence 
of spiritual substances. 

SC-MA-TOL'O-GY, 77 . [Gr. awpa and Aoyoj.] The doctrine 
of bodies or material substances. 

SoM'BRE, ) a. [Fr. sombre.] Dull ; dusky ; cloudy ; 

SoM'BER, \ gloomy. 

SoM'BROUS, a. Gloomy. Stephens. 

SOME, (sum) a. [Sax. sum, same.] 1. Noting a certain 
quantity of a thing, but indeterminate; a portion greater 
or less. 2. Noting a number of persons or things, greater 
or less, but indeterminate. 3. Noting a person or thing, 
but not known, or not specific and definite. 4. Some is 
often opposed to others. 5. Some is often used without a 
noun, and then, like other adjectives, is a substitute for a 
noun. G. Some is used as a termination of certain adjec- 
tives, as in handsome, lonesome. In these words, some 
has primarily the sense of little, or a certain degree. 

S6ME'BOD-Y, 77 . [some and body.] 1. A person unknown 
or uncertain ; a person indeterminate. 2. A person of 
consideration. 

t SoME'DeAL, ado. [some and deal.] In some degree. 

SoM'ER-SAULT, ) 77 . [Sp. 5oZ»rc5aZi>.] A leap by which a 

SoM'ER-SET, ) person jumps from a height, turns 
over his head and falls upon his feet. 

SoME'HOW, ado. [soine and how.] One way or other ; in 
some way not yet known. 

SoME'TIIING, 77 . 1. An indeterminate or unknown event. 
2. A substance or material thing, unknown, indetermi- 
nate or not specified. 3. A part ; a portion more or less. 

4. A little ; an indefinite quantity or degree. 5. Distance 
not great. — 6. Something, used adverbially for in some 
degree ; as, he was something discouraged; but the use is 
not elegant. 

SoME'TIME, adv. [some and time.] 1. Once ; formerly. 
2. At one time or other hereafter. [Sometime is really a 
compound noun.] 

SoME'TiMES, adv. [some and times.] I. At times; at in- 
tervals ; not always ; now and then. 2. At one time. 

SoME'WHAT, 77. 1. Something, though uncertain what. 
2. More or less ; a certain quantity or degree, indetermi- 
nate. 3. A part, greater or less. 

SoME'WHAT, ado. In some degree or quantity. 

SoME'WHERE, ado. [some and where.] In some place, un- 
known or not specified ; in one place or another. 

I SOME' WHILE, ado [some and while.] Once; for a time. 

SoME'WHITII-ER, ado. To some indeterminate place. 

SOM'MITE, 77. Nepheline, a mineral. 

SOM-NAM-BU-La'TION, 77. [L. s ojunus tmd ambulo.] The 
act of walking in sleep. Beddoes. 

SOM-NAM'BU-LISM, 71 . The act or practice of w’alking in 
sleep. Danain. 

SOM-NAM'BU-LIST, n. A person who walks in his sleep. 
Porteus. 

t SOM'NER, for summoner. 

EOM-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. somnifer.] Causing or inducing 
sleep ; soporiferous ; narcotic. 

SOM-NIF'IG, a. [L. somnus and facio.] Causing sleep ; 
tending to induce sleep. 

SOM'NO-LENCE, ) n. [Low L. somnolentia.] Sleepi- 

SOM'NO-LEN-CY, ) ness ; drowsiness ; inclination to 
sl60p* 

SOM'NO-LENT, a. Sleepy ; drowsy ; inclined to sleep. 

SON, 71 . [Sax. sunu ; Goth, sunus ; G. sohn ; D. zoon ; Sw. 
S 071 ; Dan. son.] 1. A male child; the male issue of a 
parent, father or mother. 2. A male descendant, how- 
ever distant. 3. The compellation of an old man to a 
voung one, or of a confessor to his penitent ; a term of af- 
fection. 4 . A native or inhabitant of a country. 5. The 
])roduce of any L-ing. 6. One adopted into a family. 7. 
One who is concerted by another’s instrumentality is 
called his son. — 8. Son of pride, sons of light, son of Beli- 
al. These are Hebraisms. 

SO-Na'TA, 71 . [It.] A tune intended for an instrument 
only, as cantata is for the voice. 

SON'CY, or eON'SY, a. Lucky ; fortunate ; thriving. 

SONG, 77 . [Sax. song ; D. rang ; G. sang.] 1. In general, 
that which is sung or uttered with musical modulations 
of the voice, whether of the human voice or that of a bird. 

! os K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH aa SH j TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


/ 


SOP 772 SOR 


2. A little poem to be sung, or uttered with musical mod- 
ulations ; a ballad. 3. A hymn ; a sacred poem or hymn 
to be sung either in joy or thanksgiving. 4. A lay ; a 
strain ; a poem. 5. Poetry j poesy j verse. 6. Notes of 
birds. 7. A mere trifle. 

fSONG'ISH, a Consisting of songs. Dryden. 

SON'GOW, or SON'GAL, n. Gleaned corn. Brockett. 

SONG'STER, n. [songj and Sax. steora.] 1. One that 
sings j one skilled in singing ; not often applied to human 
beings, or only in slight contempt. 2. A bird that sings ; 
as, the little songster in his cage. 

SONG'STRESS, n. A female singer. Thomson. 

S6NMN-LAW, 72. A man married to one’s daughter. 

SON^NET, n. [Fr. ; It. sonetta ; Sp. soneta.] 1. A short 
poem of fourteen lines, two stanzas of four verses each, 
and two of three each, the rhymes being adjusted by a 
particular rule. 2. A short poem. 

SON'NET, V. i. To compose sonnets. Bp. Hall. 

SON-NET-EER', 71. [Fr. soimetier.] A composer of sonnets 
or small poems j a small poet j usually in contempt. 

SO-NOM'E-TER, 72. [L. so/iiis, and Gr. /^<crp£a;.] An instru- 
ment for measuring sounds or the intervals of sounds. 

SON-O-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. sonus and fero.'] That gives 
sound ; sounding. Derham. 

SON-O-RIF'IG, a. [L. sonus and facio.] Producing sound. 

SO-NO'ROUS, a. [L. sonorus.] 1. Giving sound when 
struck. 2. Loud-sounding; giving a clear or loud sound. 

3. Yielding sound. 4. High-sounding ; magnificent of 
sound. 

SO-No'ROUS-LY, adv. With sound ; with a high sound. 

SO-No'ROUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of yielding sound 
when struck, or coming in collision with another body. 
2. Having or giving a loud or clear sound. 3. Magnifi- 
cence of sound. 

SoN'SHIP, 72. 1. The state of being a son, or of having 
the relation of a son. 2. Filiation ; the character of a 
son. 

SOON, adv. [Sax. sona ; Goth. sut 2 s.] 1. In a short time ; 
shortly after any time specified or supposed. 2. Early ; 
without the usual delay ; before any time supposed. 3. 
Readily ; willingly. — Jls soon as, so soon as, immediately 
at or after another event. 

fSOON, a. Speedy ; quick. 

t SOON'LY, adv. duickly ; speedily. 

SOOP'BER-RY, 72. A plant. Miller. 

* SOU I ^ kiiid of black tea. 

SOO'SOO, 72. Among the Bengalese, the name of a cetaceous 
fish, the delphinus gangeticus. 

* SOOT, 72. [Sax., Sw. sot^ Dan. sod, sood.] A black sub- 
stance formed by combustion, rising in fine particles and 
adhering to tire sides of the chimney or pipe conveying 
the smoke. 

* SOOT, V. t. To cover or foul with soot. 

t SOOTE, or SOTE, a. Sweet. See Sweet. 

SOOT'ED, pp. Covered or soiled with soot. Mortimer. 

SOOTTIR-KIN, 72. A kind of false birth fabled to be pro- 
duced by the Dutch women from sitting over their stoves. 
Sioift. 

f SOOTH, 72. [Sax. soth ; Ir. seadh.'] 1. Truth ; reality. 
2. Prognostication. 3. Sweetness ; kindness. Shak. 

t SOOTH, a. 1. Pleasing; delightful. 2. True; faithful. 

SOOTHE, 72. t. [Sax. ^c;?ot/22a72.] J. To flatter ; to please 
with blandishments or soft words. 2. To soften ; to 
assuage ; to mollify ; to calm. 3. To gratify ; to please. 

SOOTHED, pp. Flattered ; softened ; calmed ; pleased. 

SOOTH'ER, 72. A flatterer ; he or that which softens or as- 
suages. 

SOOTH'ING, ppr. Flattering ; softening ; assuaging. 

SOOTIPING-LY, adv. With flattery or soft W'ords. 

t SOOTH'LY, adv. In truth ; really. Hales. 

SOOTIPSAY, V. i. [sooth and say.] To foretell ; to predict. 
[Little used.] 

SOOTH'SAY-ER, n. A foreteller ; a prognosticator ; one 
who undertakes to foretell future events without inspira- 
tion. 

SOOTIPSAY-ING, n. 1. The foretelling of futjire events 
by persons without divine aid or authority, and thus 
distinguished from prophecy. 2. A true saying ; truth ; 
[o6a."l 

*SOOTT-NESS, 72. The quality of being sooty, or foul with 
soot ; fuliginousness. 

* SOOTTSH, a. Partaking of soot ; like soot. Brown. 
SOOT'Y, a. [Sax. sotig.] 1. Producii gsoot. 2. Consist- 
ing’of soot ; fuliginous. Wilkins. 3. Foul with soot. 4. 
Black like soot ; dusky ; dark. 

* SOOT'Y, V. t. To black or foul with soot. Chapman. 

SOP, 72. [D., Sax. sop ,• G. suppe ; Dan. suppe ; Sw. soppa ; 

Sp. sopa ; F. sorfpe.] 1. Any thing steeped or dipped 
and softened in liquor, but chiefly something thus dipped 
in broth or liquid food, and intended to be eaten. 2. Any 
thing given to pacify ; so called from the sop given to 
Cerberus, in mythology. — Sop-in-wine, a kind of pink. 
Spenser. 


SOP, V. t. To steep or dip in liquor. 

SOPE. See Soap. 

SOPH, 72. [L. sophista.] In colleges and universities, a stu- 
dent in his second year ; a sophomore. 

So'PHI, 72. A title of the king of Persia. Shak. 

f SOPH'I-CAL, a. [Gr. co<pos.] Teaching wisdom. 

SOPIPISM, 72. [Fr. sopJdsme ; L. sophisma ; Gr. ao<picrpa.^ 
A specious but fallacious argument ; a subtilty in reason- 
ing. 

SOPH'IST, 72. [L. sophista; Fr. sophiste ; It. 5 Q^sta.] 1. 
A professor of philosophy. 2. A captious or fallacious 
reasoner. 

SOPHftS-TER, 72. 1. A disputant fallaciously subtil; an 
artful but insidious logician. 2. A professor of philosophy ; 
a sophist ; [o6*\] 

f SOPH'IS-TER, V. t. To maintain by a fallacious argu- 
ment. Cobharn. 

SO-PHISTftC, 1 o. [Fr. sophistique ; It. sofistico.] Fal- 

SO-PHISTT-CAL, j laciously subtil ; not sound. 

SO-PHISTT-CAL-LY, adv. With fallacious subtilty. 

SO-PHISTft-CATE, v. t. [Fr. sophistiquer ; Sp. sojisticar.] 
]. To adulterate; to corrupt by something spurious or 
foreign ; to pervert. 2. To adulterate ; to render spuri- 
ous. 

SO-PHISTT-CATE, a. Adulterated ; not pure ; not genu- 
ine. 

SO-PHIS-TI-€a'TION, 72. The act of adulterating ; a coun- 
terfeiting or debasing the purity of something by a foreign 
admixture ; adulteration. 

SO-PHIST'I-CA-TOR, n. One that adulterates ; one who 
injures the purity and genuineness of any thing by for- 
eign admixture. 

SOPIPIS-TRY, 72. 1. Fallacious reasoning ; reasoning sound 
in appearance only. 2. Exercise in logic. 

SOPH'O-MORE, 72. A student in a college or university, in 
his second year. 

t So'PITE,r. t. To lay asleep. Cheyne. 

t SO-PP'TION, 72. [L. sopio, to lay asleep.] Sleep. Brown. 

jsOP'O-RATE, V. t. [L. soporo.] To lay asleep. 

SOP-O-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. soporifer.] Causing sleep, or 
tending to produce it ; narcotic ; opiate ; anodyne ; som- 
niferous. 

SOP-O-RIF'ER-OUS-NESS, n. The quality of causing 
sleep. 

SOP-O-RIFTC, a. [L. sopor and facio.] Causing sleep ; tend- 
ing to cause sleep ; narcotic. Locke. 

SOP-O-RIFftC, 72. A medicine, drug, plant or other thing 
that has the quality of inducing sleep. 

So'PO-ROUS, a. [L. sopor 225.] Causing sleep ; sleepy. 

SOPPED, pp. [from sop.] Dipped in liquid food. 

SOPTER, 72. One that sops or dips in liquor something to 
be eaten. Johnson. 

SORB, 72. [Fr. sorhe.] The service-tree or its fruit. 

SOR'BATE, 72. A compound of sorbic acid with a base. 

SORB'ENT. See Absorbent. 

SORB'IC, a. Pertaining to the sorbus or service-tree. 

j SORB'lLE, a. [L. sorbeo.] That may be drank or sip- 
ped. 

I SOR-Bi"TION, 72. [L. sorbitio.] The act Of drinking or 
sipping. 

SOR-BONM-CAL, a. Belonging to a Sorbonist. Bale. 

SOR'BON-IST, 72. A doctor of the Sorbonne in the univer- 
sity of Paris. 

SOR'CER-ER, 72. [Fr. sorcier.] A conjurer ; an enchanter ; a 
magician. 

SOR'CER-ESS, 72. A female magician or enchantress. 

SOR'CER-OUS, a. Containing enchantments. 

SOR'CE-RY, 72. Magic; enchantment; witchcraft; divina- 
tion by the assistance of evil spirits. 

SoRD, for sward, is now vulgar. See Sward. 

SORD'A-WAL-ITE, 72 . A mineral. 

S0R'DES,72. [L.] Foul matter; excretions; dregs; filthy, 
useless or rejected matter of any kind. 

SOR'DET, or SOR^DINE, 72 . [Fr. sourdine ; It. sordina.] A 
little pipe in the mouth of a trumpet to make it sound 
low'er or shriller. 

SOR'DID, a. [Fr. sordide ; It. sordido ; L. sordidus.] 1. 
Filthy ; foul ; dirty ; gross ; [1. 22 .] 2. Vile ; base ; mean ; 
as, vulgar, sordid mortals. 3. Meanly avaricious ; cove- 
tous ; niggardly. 

SOR'DID-LY, adv. Meanly ; basely ; covetously. 

SOR'DID-NESS, n. 1. Filthiness ; dirtiness. Ray. 2, 
Meanness ; baseness. 3. Niggardliness. 

SORE, 72. [Dan. saar; D. iweer.] 1. A place in an animal 
body where the skin and flesh are ruptured or bruised, so 
as to be pained with the slightest pressure. 2. An ulcer ; 
aboil. — 3. In Scripture, grief; affliction. 2 Chron. vi. 

SORE, a. [Sax. sar ; D. zeer ; G. sehr.] 1. Tender and 
susceptible of pain from pressure. 2. Tender ; as the 
mind ; easily pained, grieved or vexed ; very susceptible 
of irritation from any thing that crosses the inclination. 
3. Affected with inflammation. 4. Violent with pain ; 


* See Synopsis. ^ , E, T, o, U, V, lo7ig. — FAR, FALL, WHAT; — PREY; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — f Obsolete. 


sou 


SOT 773 


severe j afflictive ; distressing. Shak. 5. Severe j violent, 
t). Criminal; evil; [065.] 

SORE, adv. 1. With painful violence; intensely; severe- 
ly ; grievously. 2. Greatly ; violently ; deeply. 

t SORE, V. U To wound ; to make sore. Spenser, 

SORE, n. [Fr. sor-falcon. Todd.'\ 1. A hawk of the first 
year. Spenser. 2. [Fr. 5aur.] A buck of the fourth year. 
Shak. 

SORE'HON, or SORN, ?i. [Irish and Scottish.] A kind of 
servile tenure which subjected the tenant to maintain his 
chieftain gratuitously, whenever he wished to indulge 
himself in a debaucli. So that when a person obtrudes 
liimself on another for bed and board, he is said to soriij 
or be a sorner. Spenser. 

SOR'EL, n. [dim. of sore.] A buck of the third year. 

SoRE'L Y, ac?o. 1. With violent pain and distress ; griev- 
ously ; greatly. 2. Greatly ; violently ; severely. 

SoRE'NESS, 7i. 1. The tenderness of any part of an animal 
body, which renders it extremely susceptible of pain from 
pressure. — 2. Figuratively , tenderness of mind, or suscep- 
tibility of mental pe»;n. 

SOR'GO, n. A plant of the genus holcus. 

SO-RFTES, n. [L.] In logic^ an argument where one prop- 
osition is accumulated on another. 

SO-RORT-ClDE, n. [L. soror and ccedo.] The murder or 
murderer of a sister. [L. u.'] 

I SOR'RACE, n. The blades of green wheat or barley. 
Diet. 

SOR'RANCE, n. In famdery, any disease or sore in horses. 

SOR'REL, a. [Fr. saurCy yellowish brown ; It. sauro.] Of 
a reddish color. 

SOR'REL, n. A reddish color ; a faint red. 

SOR'REL, n. [Sax. 5wr, sour ; Dan. syre.] A plant of the 
genus rumezy so named from its acid taste. 

SOIFREL-TREE, n. A species of andromeda. 

SOR'RI-LY, adv. [from sorry.] Meanly ; despicably ; piti- 
ably ; in a wretched manner. Sid7iey. 

SOR'RDNESS, n. Meanness; poorness; despicableness. 

SOR'RoW, n. [Sax. sorg ; Goth, saurga ; Sw., Dan. sorg.] 
The uneasiness or pain of mind which is produced by the 
loss of any good, real or supposed, or by disappointment 
in the expectation of good ; grief ; regret. 

SOR'RoW, V. i. [Sax. sariany sargimiy sorgian ; Goth. 
saurgan.] To feel pain of mind ; to grieve ; to be sad. 

t SOR'RoWED, pp. Accompanied with sorrow. Shak. 

SOR'lloW'FUL, a. 1. Sad ; grieving for the loss of some 
good, or on account of some expected evil. 2. Deeply 
serious ; depressed ; dejected. 1 Satn. i. 3. Producing sor- 
row ; exciting grief ; mournful. 4. Expressing grief ; ac- 
companied with grief. 

SOR'RoW-FUL-LY, adv. In a sorrowful manner; in a 
manner to produce grief. 

SOR'RoW-FUL-NESS, n. State of being sorrowful ; grief. 

SOR'RoW-ING, pj)r. Feeling sorrow, grief or regret. 

SOR'RoW-lNG, 71. Expression of sorrow. Browne. 

SOR'RoW-LESS, a. Free from sorrow. 

SOR'RY, a. [Sax. sarig, sari.] 1. Grieved for the loss of 
some good ; pained for some evil that has happened to 
one’s self or friends or country. 2. Melancholy ; dismal. 
3. Poor; mean ; vile ; worthless. 

SORT, n. [Fr. sorte It. sorta ; Sp. suerte; Port, sorts; G. 
sorts; Sw., Dan. sort; L. 1. A kind or species ; 

any number or collection of individual persons or things 
characterized by the same or like qualities. 2. Manner ; 
form of being or acting. 3. Class or order. 4. Rank ; 
condition above the vulgar ; [o&s.] Shak. 5. A company 
or knot of people ; [o6o-.] G. Degree of any quality. 7. 
Lot ; [065.] 8. A pair ; a set ; a suit. 

SORT, V. t. 1. To separate, as things having like qualities 
from other things, and place them in distinct classes or 
divisions. 2. To reduce to order from a state of confu- 
sion. 3. To conjoin ; to put together in distribution. 4. 
To cull ; to choose from a number ; to select. 

SORT, V. i. 1. To be joined with others of the same spe- 
cies. 2. To consort ; to associate. 3. To suit ; to fit. 4. 
[Fr. sortir.] To terminate ; to issue ; to have success ; [oZ>5.] 
5. To fall out ; [0&5.] 

SORT'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be sorted. 2. Suitable ; be- 
fitting. Bacon. 

SORT'A-BLY, adv. Suitably ; fitly. 

t SOPvT' AL, a. Pertaining to or designating a sort. Locke. 

t SORT'ANCE, 71. Suitableness ; agreement. Shak. 

SORT'I-LEGE, n. [Fr. ; L. sortilegiam.] The act or prac- 
tice of drawing lots. [Sortilegy is not used.] 

SORT-I-IjK'GI-OUS, a. Pertaining to sortilege. Daubiiz. 

SOR-TI'/TION, n. [L. sortitio.] Selection or appointment 
by lot. Bp. Hall. 

SORT'MENT, n. 1. The act of sorting; distribution into 
classes or kinds. 2. A parcel sorted. 

So'RY, 71. A fossil substance; a sulphate of iron. 

I SOSS, V. i. To fall at once into a chair or seat ; to sit 
lazily. Swift. 

t SOSS, 71. A lazy fellow. 

SOT, 71. [Fr. sot ; Arm. sodt ; Sp. zotc, zota ; Port, zote.] 


1. A stupid person; a blockhead ; a dull fellow; a dolt. 

2. A person stupefied by excessive drinking ; an habitual 
drunkard. 

SOT, V. t. To stupify ; to infatuate ; to besot. [L. a.] 

SOT, V. i. To tipple to stupidity. [Little xised.] 

SOT'TISH, a. 1. Dull; stupid; senseless; doltish; very 
foolish. Swift. 2. Dull with intemperance. 

SOT'TISH-LY, ado. Stupidly ; senselessly ; without reason. 

SOT'TISH-NESS, 71. 1. Dullness in the exercise of reason ; 
stupidity. 2. Stupidity from intoxication. 

SoU, (soo) 71 . ; phi. Sous. [Fr. sou, sol.] A French money 
of account, and a copper coin, in value the 20th part of a 
livre or of a franc. The singular is often spelled sous. 

SOUCE. See Souse. 

SOU'CHONG. See Soosiiong. 

I SOUGH, V. i. [Tent, soeffen.] 'To whistle ; applied to the 
wind. Hist, of the Royal Society. 

SOUGH, (suf) 71. A subterraneous drain ; a sewer. [L. «.] 

SOUGHT, (sawt) pret. and pp. of seek. 

SoUL, 71. [Sax. sawely sawl, or saul ; G. seele ; D. zicl ; 
Dan. siel.] 1. The spiritual, rational and immortal sub- 
stance in man, which distinguishes him from brutes ; that 
part of man which enables him to think and reason, and 
which renders him a subject of moral government. 2. 
The understanding ; the intellectual principle. 3. Vital 
principle. 4. Spirit ; essence ; chief part. 5. Life ; ani- 
mating principle or part. 6. Internal power. 7. A hu- 
man being ; a person. 8. Animal life. 9. Active power. 
10. Spirit; courage; fire; grandeur of mind. 11. Gener- 
osity; nobleness of mind ; a colloquial tise. 12. An intel- 
ligent being. 13. Heart; affection. — 14. In ScripturCy 
appetite. Prov. xxvii. 15. A familiar compellation of a 
person, but often expressing some qualities of the mind ; 
as, he was a good soul. 

I SoUL, V. t. To endue with a soul. Chaucer. 

I SOUL, or f SOWL, v. i. [Sax. sujiy sufel.] To afford suit- 
able sustenance. 

SdUL'-BELL, V. The passing bell. Hall. 

SdUL-DE-Sl^OYTNG, a. Pernicious to the soul. 

t SoUL-DIS-eAS'ED, a. Diseased in soul or mind. Spenser. 

SoULED, a. Furnished with a soul or mind. [Little used.] 
Dry den. 

SdUL'LESS, a. Without a soul, or without greatness or 
nobleness of mind ; mean ; spiritless. Shak. 

SoUL'-S€OT, or SoUL'-SHOT, 71. [so7ti and scot.] A 
funeral duty, or money paid by the Romanists in former 
Hines for a requiem for the soul. 

SoUL'-SELL-lNG, a. Selling persons ; dealing in the pur- 
chase and sale of human beings. J. Barlow. 

SoUL'-SI€K, <7. [soul tind sick.] Diseased in mind or soul ; 
morally diseased. Hall. 

SOUND, a. [Sax. sund ; D. gezond ; G. gesund ; Dan., Sw. 
.<fa«d.] 1. Entire; unbroken; not shaky, split or defec- 
tive. 2. Undecayed ; whole ; perfect, or not defective. 
3 Unbroken ; not bruised or defective ; not lacerated or 
decayed. 4. Not carious ; not decaying. 5. Not broken 
or decayed ; not defective. G. Whole ; entire ; unhurt ; 
unmutiiated. 7. Healthy ; not diseased ; not being in a 
morbid state ; having all the organs complete and in per- 
fect action. 8. Founded in truth ; firm ; strong ; valid ; 
solid; that cannot be overthrown or refuted. 9. Right; 
correct ; well founded ; free from error ; orthodox. 
2 Tiyn. i. 10. Heavy; laid on with force. 11. Founded 
in right and law ; legal ; valid ; not defective ; that can- 
not be overthrown. 12. Fast; profound; unbroken; un- 
disturbed. 13. Perfect, as intellect ; not broken or defec- 
tive ; not enfeebled by age or accident ; not wild or wan- 
dering ; not deranged. 

SOUND, adv. Soundly; heartily. Spenser. 

SOUND, n. The air bladder of a fish. 

SOUND, 77. [Sax. S7<77d; Sw., Dan. .s?/7?d.] A narrow pas- 
sage of water, or a strait between the main land and an 
isle ; or a strait connecting two seas, or connecting a sea 
or lake with the ocean. 

SOUND, 71. [Fr. sonde ; Sp. sonda.] An instrument which 
surgeons introduce into the bladder, in order to discover 
whether there is a stone in that visciis or not. 

SOUND, V. t. [Sp. sondar, or sondear ; Fr. sender.] 1. To 
try, as the depth of water and the quality of the ground, 
by sinking a plummet or lead. 2. To introduce a sound 
into the bladder of a patient, in order to ascertain whether 
a stone is there or not. 3. To try ; to examine ; to dis- 
cover or endeavor to discover that which lies concealed in 
another’s breast. 

SOUND, V. i. To use the line and lead in searching the 
depth of water. 

SOUND, 77. The cuttle fish. Ainsicorth. 

SOUND, 77. [Sax. son; W.swn; Ir. soin ; Fr. son ; It. 
suono ; Sp. son ; lu sonus.] 1. Noise ; report ; the object 
of hearing ; that which strikes the ear. 2. A vibration of 
air caused by a collision of bodies or other means, sufli- 
cient to affect the auditory nerves when perfect. 3. 
Noise without signification ; empty noise ; noise and 
nothing else. 


* See Synopsis. IMOVE, BOOK, DoVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. [ Obsolete. 


sou 


774 


SOW 


SOUND, V. i. 1. To make a noise; to utter a voice; to 
make an impulse of the air that shall strike the organs of 
hearing with a particular effect. 2. To exhibit by sound 
or likeness of sound. 3. To be conveyed in sound ; to be 
spread or published. 

SOUJN'D, V. t. 1. To cause to make a noise. 2. To utter 
audibly ; as, to sound a note with the voice. 3. To play 
on. 4. To order or direct by a sound ; to give a signal 
for, by a certain sound. 5. To celebrate or honor by 
sounds ; to cause to be reported. 6. To spread by sound 
or report ; to publish or proclaim. 

SOUND'-BoARD, or SOUND'ING-BoARD, n. A board 
which propagates the sound in an organ. 

SOUND'ED, pp. 1. Caused to make a noise ; uttered au- 
dibly. 2. Explored ; examined. 

SOUNDRNG, ppr. 1. Causing to sound ; uttering audibly. 
2. Trying the depth of water by the plummet; examining 
the intention or will. 3. a. Sonorous ; making a noise. 
4. Having a magnificent sound. 

SOUND'fNG, n. 1. The act of uttering noise; the act of 
endeavoring to discover the opinion or desires ; the act 
of throwing the lead. — 2. In siirffcry, the operation of in- 
troducing the sound into the bladder. 

SOUND'ING-BoARD, n. A board or structure wnth a flat 
surface, suspended over a pulpit to prevent the sound of 
the preacher’s voice from ascending, and thus propagating 
it farther in a horizontal direction. 

SOUND'ING-ROD, n. A rod or piece of iron used to ascer- 
tain the depth of water in a ship’s hold. 

SOUND'INGf^, n. Any place or part of the ocean, where a 
deep sounding line will reach the bottom. 

SOUND'LESS, a. That cannot be fathomed ; having no 
sound. 

SOUND'LY, adv. 1. Healthily ; heartily. 2. Severely ; 
lustily ; with heavy blows ; smartly. 3. Truly ; without 
fallacy or error. 4. Firmly. Bacon. 5. Fast; closely; 
so as not to be easily awakened. 

SOUND'NESS, 71. 1. Wholeness; entireness; an unbro- 
ken, unimpaired or undecayed state. 2. An unimpaired 
state of an animal or vegetable body ; a state in which 
the organs are entire and regularly perform their func- 
tions. 3. Firmness ; strength ; solidity ; truth. 4. Truth ; 
rectitude; firmness; freedom from error or fallacy; or- 
thodoxy. 

SoUP, 71. [Fr. soupe ; Sp. sopa ; G. suppe ; D. soep.] Brotli ; 
a decoction of flesh for food. 

t SOUP, V. t. To sup ; to breathe out. Wicliffe. 

f SoUP, V. t. To sv/eep. See Sweep and Swoop. 

SOUR, a. [S'UX. S7ir, su7'ig ; G. saner ^ D. zuur ^ Sw. sur; 
Dan. suur ; Fr. sur, sure.] 1. Acid ; having a pungent 
taste ; sharp to the taste ; tart. 2. Acid and austere or 
astringent. 3. Harsh of temper ; crabbed ; peevish ; aus- 
tere ; morose. 4. Afflictive ; [ofts.] 5. Expressing dis- 
content or peevishness. 6. Harsh to the feelings ; cold 
and damp. 7. Rancid ; musty. 8. Turned, as milk ; 
coagulated. 

SOUR, n. An acid substance. 

SOUR, V. t. 1. To make acid ; to cause to have a sharp 
taste. 2. To make harsh, cold or unkindly. 3. To make 
harsh in temper; to make cross, crabbed, peevish or dis- 
contented. 4. To make uneasy or less agreeable. — 5. In 
rural eco7io7mj, to macerate, as lime, and render fit for 
plaster or mortar. 

SOUR, V. i. 1. To become acid ; to acquire the quality of 
tartness or pungency to the taste. 2. To become peevish 
o^crabbed. 

* Source, n. [Fr. source.] 1. Properly, the spring or 
fountain from which a stream of water proceeds, or any 
collection of water within the earth or iqion its surface, in 
which a stream originates. 2. First cause ; original ; 
that which gives rise to any thing. 3. The first producer ; 
he or that which originates. 

SOUR'DET, 71. [Fr. sortrrfme, from sortrcZ, deaf.] The little 
pipe of a trumpet. 

SOUR'-DO€K, n. Sorrel, so called. 

SOURED, pj). Made sour ; made peevish. 

SOUR'-GoURD, 71. A plant of the genus adazisonia. 

SOUR'TNG, ppr. Making acid; becoming sour; making 
peevish. 

SOUR'ING, 71. That which makes acid. 

SOURMSH, a. Somewhat sour ; moderately acid. 

SOUR'LY, adv. 1. With acidit 5 ^ 2. With peevishness; 
with acrimony. 3. Discontentedly. 

SOUR'NESS, n. 1. Acidity; sharpness to the taste ; tart- 
ness. 2. Asperity ; harshness of temper. 

SOUR'-SOP, 71. A plant. The custard apple. 

Sous, 71. ; pill, of Sou, or Sor.. See Sou. 

SOUSE, 71. [h. sousg-each.] 1. Pickle made with salt. 2. 
Something kept or steeped in pickle. 3. The ears, feet, 
&c. of swine ; [.America.] 

SOUSE, V. t. 1. To steep in pickle. 2. To plunge into 
water. 

SOUSE, V. i. To fall suddenly on ; to rush v/ith speed ; as 
a hawk on its prey. Dryden. 


SOUSE, V. t. To strike with sudden violence. Shak* 

SOUSE, adv. With sudden violence. [Vulgar.] 

f S5U1 'ER, 71. [Sax. sutere ; L. sutor.] A shoemaker ; a 
cobbler. Chaucer. 

t SoUT'ER-LY, adv. Like a cobbler. 

SoUT'ER-RAIN, ?i. [Fr. ; that is, su6-terram.] A grotto or 
cavern under ground. [A'ot English.] .8rbuth7iot. 

SOUTH, 71 . [SsViX. suth ^ G. sud i Dan. surf; Fr. surf.] 1. 
The north and south are opposite points in the horizon ; 
each ninety degrees or the quarter of a great circle distant 
from the east and west. — 2. In a less exact seiise, any 
point or place on the earth or in the heavens, which is 
near the meridian towards tlie right hand as one faces the 
east. 3. A southern region, country or place. 4. The 
wind that blows from the south : [oZ;s.] Shah. 

SOUTH, a. 1. In ally place nor tfi of the tropic of Cancer, 
pertaining to or lying in the meridian towards the sun. 
2. Being in a southern direction. 

SOUTH, adv. Towards the south ; as, a ship sails south. 

* SOUTH-EAST', 71. The point of the compass equally dis- 
tant from the south and east. Bacoii. 

SOUTH-EAST', a. In the direction of southeast, or coming 
from the southeast ; as, a southeast wind. 

SOUTH-eAST'ERN, a. Towards the southeast. 

* S6UTH'ER-LY, (suth'er-ly) a. 1. Lying at the south, or 
in a direction nearly south. 2. Coming from the south, or 
a point nearly south. 

* SoUTH'ERN, (suth'ern) a. [Sax. suth and ern.] 1. Be- 
longing to the south ; meridional. 2. Lying towards the 
south. 3. Coming from the south. 

* S6UTH'ERN-LY, (suth'ern-ly) adv. Towards the south. 

^ SoUTH'ERN-MoST, (suth'ern-most) a. Furthest towards 

the south. 


* SoUTH'ERN-WOOD, (suth'ern-wood) n. A plant agree- 
ing in most parts with tlie wormwood. Miller. 
SOUTH'ING, a. Going towards tlie south. Dryden. 
SOUTH'ING, n. 1. I’endency or motion to the south. 2. 
The southing of the moon, the time at which the moon 
passes the meridian. 3. Course or distance south. 
SOUTH'MoST, a. Furthest towards the south. 

SOUTH'SaY, ) c a 
SOUTH'SaY-ER. Soothsay. 


SOUTH' WARD, (suth'ard) adv. Towards the south. 

* SOUTH' WARD, (sutfi'ard) n. The southern regions or 
countries. Raleigh. 

SOUTH-WEST', 71. The point of the compass equally dis- 
tant from the south and west. Bacon. 

SOUTH-WEST', a. 1. Lying in the direction of the south- 
west. 2. Coining from the southwest. 

SOUTH-WEST'ER-LY, a. 1. In the direction of south- 
west, or nearly so. 2. Coming from the southwest, or a 
point near it. 

SOUTH-WEST'ERN, a. In the direction of southwest. 

t SOUV'E-NANCE, n. [Fr.] Remembrance. Spenser. 

SOUV'E-NIR, n. [Fr.] A remembrancer. 

SoV'ER-EIGN, ) ( a. [Fr. souverain ; It. sov- 

SUV'ER-AN, ^ (suver-an; j soherano.] 

1. Supreme in power; possessing supreme dominion. 2. 
Supreme; superior to all others; chief. 3. Supremely 
efficacious ; superior to all others ; predominant ; effect- 
ual. 4. Supreme; pertaining to the first magistrate of a 
nation. 

SoV'ER-EIGN, (suv'er-an) n. I. A supreme lord or ruler; 
one who possesses the highest authority without control. 

2. A supreme magistrate ; a king. 3. A gold coin of 
England, value 20^. or $4,44. 

t SoV'ER-EIGN-iZE, (suv'er-an-Ize) v.i. To exercise su- 
preme authority. Herbert. 

S6V'ER-EIGN-LY, (suv'er-an-ly) adv. Supremely; in the 
highest degree. [Little used.] Boijle. 

S6V'ER-E1GN-TY, (suv'er-an-ty) n. Supreme power ; su- 
premacy ; the possession of the highest power, or of un- 
controllable power. 

SOW, n. [Sax. 5?/g-a, G. sa?/.] 1. The female of the hog 
kind or of swine. 2. An oblong piece of lead. 3. An in- 
sect ; a milleped. 

SOW'-BREAD, 77. A plant of the genus cijclamen. 

SOW'-BUG, 77. An insect ; a milleped. 

SOW'-THIS-TLE, n. A plant of the genus sonchus. 

SoW, ?;. t. ; pret. sotced ; pp. soiced, or soicn. [Sax. sawan ; 
G.sden; Dan. saaer.] 1. To scatter on ground, for the 
purpose of growth and the production of a crop. 2. To 
scatter seed over for growth. 3. To spread or to origi- 
nate ; to propagate. 4. To supply or stock with seed. 
_5. To scatter over ; to besprinkle. 

Sow, V. i. To scatter seed for growth and the production 
of a crop. 

SoW, for sew, is not in use. See Sew. 

SOWCE, for S077SC. See Souse. 

Sowed, pp. scattered on ground, as seed. 

SoW'ER, 71 . 1. He that scatters seed for propagation. 2. 
One who scatters or spreads. 3. A breeder ; a promoter. 

SoW'ING, ])p 7 '. Scattering, as seed ; sprinkling with 
seed. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, T, o, U, Y, long.—FA'R, FALL, WIIAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


SPA 


SoW^ING, 71. The act of scattering seed for propagation. 
SOW'INS, n. Flummery made of oatmeal somewhat sour- 
ed. Swift. 

SOVVL, V. t. To pull by the ears. Shak. 

Sown, pp. Scattered, as seed ; sprinkled with seed. 

I SoWNE, V. i. To swoon. Minskeu. 

SOY, n. A kind of sauce, used in Japan. 

SOZ'ZLE, n. A sluttish woman, or one that spills water 
and other liquids carelessly. England.'] 

SPAAD, (spade) n. [Sp. espato.] A kind of mineral ; spar. 
SPACE, n. [Fr. espace ; Sp. eapacio ; It. spazio ; L. spa- 
lium.] 1. Room ; extension. 2. Any quantity of exten- 
sion. 3. The distance or interval between lines, as in 
books. 4. Quantity of time ; also, the interval between 
two points of time. 5. A short time j a while, 
t SPACE, V. i. To rove. Spenser. 

SPACE, V. t. Among printers^ to make spaces or wider in- 
tervals between words or lines, 
t SPaCE'FIJL, a. Wide ; extensive. Sandys. 

SPa'CIOUS, a. [Fr. spacieux ; Sp. spatioso ; It. spaiioso ; 
L. spatiosxLS.] I. Wide ; roomy ; having large or ample 
room ; not narrow. 2. Extensive ; vast in extent. 
SPa'CIOUS-LY, adv. Widely ; extensively. 
SPa'CIOUS-NESS, 71. I. Wideness; largeness of extent; 

roominess. 2. Extensiveness; vastness of extent. 
SPAD'DLE, n. [dim. of spade.] A little spade. 

SPADE, 71. [Eax. spad, spada ; G.spaten; D. spaade ; Dan., 
Sw. spade.] 1. An instrument for digging, consisting of a 
broad palm with a handle. 2. A suit of cards. 3. A deer 
three years old ; written, also, spaid. 4. [L. spado.] A 
gelded beast. 

SPADE, V. t. To dig with a spade ; or to pare off the sward 
of land with a spade. 

SPaDE'-BONE, 71. and bone.] The shoulder blade. 

SPaDE'FUL, n. As much as a spade will hold. 
SPA-Dl"CEOUS, a. [L. spadiceus.] 1. Of a light-red color, 
usually denominated bay. — 2. In botany, a spadiccous 
floicer is a sort of aggregate flower. 

SPA-DILLE', (spa-diP) n. [Fr.] The ace of spades at ombre. 
SPa'DIX, 71. [L.] In botany, the receptacle in palms and 
some other plants, proceeding from a spathe. 

SPa'DO, n. [L.] A gelding. Brown. 

I SPA-GYR'IC, a. [L. spagyricus.] Chemical. 

■f SPA-GYR'IC, n. A chemist. Hall. 

\ SPAG'YR-IST, 71. A chemist. Boyle. 

SPa'HEE, 1 77. [Turk. ; Pers. 5/paAce.] One of the 

SPa'HI, ) Turkish cavalry. 

SPAKE, pret. of speak ; nearly obsolete ; now spoke. 
SPALL, 71 . [Fr. epaule ; It. spalla.] L The shoulder. [JWt 
English.] Fairfax. 2. A chip ; [o&5.] 

SPALT, ) 11 .. A whitish, scaly mineral, used to promote the 
SPELT, 5 fusion of metals. Bailey. 

SPALT, a. [Dan. spalt, a split ; G. spalten, to split.] Crack- 
ed, as timber. [JVew England.] 

SPAN, 77. [Sax., D. span ; G. 5pfl77??c.l 1. The space from 
the end of the thumb to the end of the little finger when 
extended; nine inches; the eighth of a fathom. 2. A 
short space of time. — 3. A span of horses consists of two 
of nearly the same color, and otherwise nearly alike, 
which are usually harnessed side by side. The word sig- 
nifies properly the same as yoke, when applied to horned 
cattle, from buckling or fakening together. — 4. In sca- 
incn‘’s language, a small line or cord, the middle of whicli 
is attached to a stay. 

SPAN, V. t. 1. To measure by the Irand with the fingers 
extended, or with the fingers encompassing the object. 

2. To measure. 

SPAN, V. i. To agree in color, or in color and size ; as, the 
horses span well. [J\Tcw England.] 
t SPAN, pret. of spin. We now use spun. 

SPAN'CEL, 77. A rope to tie a cow’s hind legs. [Local.] 

SPAN'CEL, V. t. To tic the legs of a horse or cow with a 
rope. [Local.] Malone. 

SPAN'COUN-'l'^ER, or SPAN'FAR-THING, n. A play at 
wliicli money is thrown within a span or circuit marked. 
SPAN'DREL, 77. The space between the curve of an arch 
and tlie right lines inclosing it. 
fSPANE, r. L [D. specnen.] l-'o wean, 
t iSPANG, 77. [D. 67777/77^6.] A spaiiglc or shining ornament ; 

a thin piece of metal or other shining material. 
SPAx\'GLE, 77. LA small plate or boss of shining metal ; 
sornetl^ng brilliant used as an ornament. 2. Any little 
thing sparkling and brilliant like pieces of metal ; as crys- 
tals of ice. 

SPvVN'GLE, V. f. To set or sprinkle with spangles ; to adorn 
with small, distinct, brilliant bodies. 

T'PAN'GLED, pp. Set with spangles. 

SPAN'GLING, ppr. Adorning with spangles. 

SPAN'IEL, (span'yel) n. [Fr. epagneuL] 1. A dog used 
in sports of the field, remarkable for his sagacity and obe- 
dience. 2. A mean, cringing, fawning person. 
SPANREL, (span'yel) a. Like a spaniel; mean; fawn- 
ing. Shak. 


5 SPA 

* SPAN'IEL, (span'yel) v.i. To fawm; to cringe; to be 
obsequious. 

* SPAN'IEL, (span'yel) v. t. To follow like a spanieL 

SPAN'ISH, a. Pertaining to Spain. 

SPAN'ISIJ, 77. The language of Spain. 

SPAN'ISH-BROOM, n. A plant of the germs spartium . 

SPAN'ISH-BROWN, 77. A species of earth used in paints. 

SPAN'ISH-FLY, n. A fly or insect, the cantharis, used in 
vesicatories, or compositions for raising blisters. 

SPAN ISH-NLT, 77 . A plant. Miller. 

SPAN'ISII-WIIITE, 77 . A white earth used in paints. 

SPANK, V. t. [ W. pange.] To strike with the open hand ; 
to slap. 

SPANK'ER, 77 . 1. A small coin. — 2. In scamen^s language, 
a ship’s driver ; a large sail occasionally set upon the 
mizzen-yard or gaff, the foot being extended by a boom. 

3. One that takes long strides in walking ; also, a stout 
person. 

SPANK'ING, 1. Striking with the open hand. 2. a. 
Large ; stout ; [vulgar.] 

SPAN'- LONG, a. Of the length of a span. B. Jonsen. 

SPANNED, pp. Measured with the hand. 

SPAN'NER, 77 . 1. One tliat spans. 2. The lock of a fusee 
or carbine ; or the fusee itself. 3. A wrench or nut 
screw-driver. 

SPAN'-NEW, a. [G. spaniien.] Quite new. 

SPAN'NING, pj)r. Measuring with the hand ; encompass- 
ing with the fingers. 

SPaU, 77 . [D. ,• G. sparren ; Dan. s/7cr.] 1. A stone 

that breaks into a regular shape ; marcasite. 2. A round 
piece of timber. 3. The bar of a gate ; [ei^.] 

t SPAR, V. t. [Sax. sparran ; G. sperren.] To bar; to shut 
close or fasten with a bar. Chaucer. 

SPAR, v.i. [S'dx. spiriun j Ir. sparnam.] 1. To dispute; 
to quarrel in words ; to wrangle ; [thus used in America.] 
2. To fight with prelusive strokes. .Johnson. 

t SPAR'A-BLE, 77 . [Ir. spari'a.] Small nails. 

SPAR'A-DRAP, 77 . In 27/7ar777flcy, a cerecloth. 

SPAR'A-GUS. I See Asparagus. 

SPARE, V. t. [Sax. spartan ; D. spaaren ; G. sparen ,• Dan. 
sparer.] 1. To use frugally ; not to be profuse ; not to 
waste. 2. To save or withhold from any particular use 
or occupation. 3. To part with without much incon- 
venience ; to do without. 4. To omit ; to forbear. 5. To 
use tenderly ; to treat with pity and forbearance ; to for- 
bear to afflict, punish or destroy. (3. Not to take when in 
one’s power; to forbear to destroy. 7. To grant ; to al- 
low ; to indulge. 8. To forbear to inflict or impose. 

SPARE, V. i. I. To live frugally ; to be parsimonious. 2. 
To forbear ; to be scrupulous. 3. To be frugal ; not to be 
profuse. 4. To use mercy or forbearance ; to forgive ; to 
be tender. 

SPARE, a. [Sax. spwr.] L Scanty; parsimonious; not 
abundant. 2. That can be dispensed with ; not wanted ; 
superfluous. 3. Lean ; wanting flesh ; meager ; thin. 

4. Slow. 

t SPARE, 77 . Parsimony; frugal use. Bacon. 

SPARED, pp. Dispensed with; saved; forborne. 

SPARE'LY, adv. Sparingly. Milton. 

SPARE'NESS, 77 . State of being lean or thin ; leanness. 

SPaR'ER, 77 . One that avoids unnecessary expense. 
Wotton. 

SPARE'RIB, 77. The piece of a hog taken from the side, 
consisting of the ribs with little flesh on them. 

t SPAR-GE-FA€'T10N, n. [L. s^paz-^o.] The act of sprink- 
ling. 

SPAR'ILAWK. See Sparrowhavvk. 

SPAR'ING, 7>277'. 1. Using frugally; forbearing; omitting 
to j)unish or destroj’. 2. a. Scarce; little. 3. Scanty; 
not ])lentiful ; not abundant. 4. Saving; parsimonious. 

SPAR'ING-LY, adv. L Not abundantly. Shak. 2. Fru- 
gally ; parsimoniously ; not lavishly. 3. Abstinently ; 
moderately. 4. Seldom; not frequently. 5. Cautiously; 
tenderly. 

SPAR'ING-NESS, n. 1. Parsimony ; want of liberality. 
2. Caution. Barrow. 

SPARK, 77 . [Sax. spearc ; D. spartelen.] 1. A small parti- 
cle of fire or ignited substance, which is emitted from 
bodies in combustion. 2. A small shining body or tran- 
sient light. 3. A small portion of any thing active. 4. A 
very small portion. 5. A brisk, sliowy. gay man. G. A 
lover. 

t SPARK, V. i. To emit particles of fire ; to sparkle. 

SPARK'FUL, a. Lively ; brisk ; gay. Camden. 

SPARK'iSil, a. 1. Airy ; gay. 2. Showy ; well dressed ; 
fine. 

SPAR'KLE, 77 . 1. A spark. 2. A luminous particle. 

SPAR'KLE, V. i. [D. spartelen.] 1. To emit sparks ; to send 
off small ignited particles ; as burning fuel, &c. 2. To 

glitter ; to glisten. 3. To twinkle ; to glitter. 4. To glis- 
ten ; to exhibit an appearance of animation. 5. To emit 
little bubbles, as spiritous liquors. 

f SPAR'KLE, V. t. To throw about; to scatter. Sackville. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE j-BflLL, UNITE— € as K ; Gas J ; S as Z ; CH a3 SH ; TH as in Ms. t Obsolete. 


SPE 


SPE 776 


SPARK'LER, n. He or that which sparkles j one whose 
eyes sparkle. Addison. 

SPAB^I'LET, 71. A small spark. Cotton. 

fSPARK'Ll-NESS, n. Vivacity. Aubrey. 

SPARK'LING, i>pr. or a. Emitting sparks 3 glittering ; 
lively. 

SPARK'LING-LY, adv. With twinkling or vivid brilliancy. 

SPARK'LING-NESS, n. Vivid and twinkling lustre. 

SPAR'LIJVG, n. A smelt. Cotgrave. 

SPAR'RoW, n. [Sax. speara^ A small bird. 

SPAR'RoW-GRASS, a corruption of asparagus. 

SPAR'RoW-HAWK, or SPAR'HAWK, n. [Sax. spear- 
hafoc.] A small species of short-winged hawk. 

SPAR'RY, a. [from spar.] Resembling spar, or consisting 
of spar j liaving a confused crystaline structure ; spathose. 

SPARSE, (spars) a. [L. sparsus^ from spargo.] 1. Thinly 
scattered; set or planted here and there. — 2. l\\ botany, 
not opposite, nor alternate, nor in any apparent regular 
order. JSIartyn. 

t SPARSE, (spars) v. t. To disperse. Spenser. 

SPARSED, a. Scattered. Lee. 

SPARS'ED-LY, adv. In a scattered manner. Evelyn. 

SPAR'TAN, a. Pertaining to ancient Sparta ; hence, har- 
dy ; undaunted. 

SPASM, n. [L. spasmus.] An involuntary contraction of 
muscles or muscular fibres in animal bodies ; irregular 
motion of the muscles or muscular fibres ; convulsion ; 
cram p. 

SPAS-510D'I€, a. [Fr. spasmodique.] Consisting in spasm. 

SPAS-MOD'IG, n. A medicine good for removing spasm. 

SPAT, pret. of spit, but nearly obsolete. 

SPAT, n. 1. The young of shell-fish. 2. A petty combat; 
a little quarrel or dissension ; [a vulgar use of the word in 
JVew England.] 

SPA-THa'CEOUS, a. Having a calyx like a sheath. 

SPATIIE, 71. [L. spatha.] In botany, the calyx of a spadix 
opening or bursting longitudinally, in form of a sheath. 

SPATIPIC, a. [G. spath.] Foliated or lamellar. 

SPATHT-FORM, a. Resembling spar in form. 

SPATH'OUS, a. Having a calyx like a sheath. 

SPATIFU-LATE. «See Spatulate. 

t SPa'TIATE, V. i. [L. spatior.] To rove ; to ramble. 

SPAT'TER, 7?. t. 1. To scatter a liquid substance on; to 
sprinkle with water or any fluid, or with any moist and 
dirty matter. — 2. Figuratively , to asperse ; to defame. 3. 
To throw out any thing oflensive ; [oi^.] Shak. 4. To 
scatter about. 

SPAT'TER, V. i. To throw out of the mouth in a scattered 
manner; to sputter. See Sputter. Alilton. 

SPA'r'TER-DASH-ES, n. plu. [spatter and das/i.] Cover- 
ings for the legs to keep them clean from water and mud. 

SPAT'TERED, jip. 1. Sprinkled or fouled by some liquid 
or dirty substance. 2. Aspersed. 

SPAT^TER-ING, ppr. 1. Sprinkling with moist or foul mat- 
ter. 2. Aspersing. 

t SPAT'TLE, 71. Spittle. Bale. 

SPAT^TLTNG-POP-PY, 77. [L. papaver spumeuni.] A plant; 
'.vhite behen ; a species of campion. 

SPAT'U-LA, ) n. [L. spathnla, spatha.] A slice ; an 

SPAT'TLE, I apothecaries’ instrument for spreading 
plasters, &c. 

SPAT'U-LATE, a. [L. spathula.] In botany, a spatulate 
leaf is one shaped like a spatula or battledore. 

SPAV'IN, n. [It. spavenio, spavano.] A tumor or excres- 
cence that forms on the inside of a horse?s hough, not 
far from the elbow; at first like gristle, but afterwards 
hard and bony. 

SPAV'iNED, a. Affected with spavin. Goldsmith. 

SPA, I n. 1. A mineral water from a place of this name 

SPAVV, ) in Germany. 2. A spring of mineral water. 

SPAWL, v. i. [G. speichel.] To throw saliva from the 
mouth in a scattering form ; to disperse spittle in a care- 
less, dirty manner. 

SPAWL, n. Saliva or spittle thrown out carelessly. 

SPAWL'ING, ppr. Throwing spittle carelessly from the 
mouth. 

SPAWLTNG, n. Saliva thrown out carelessly. 

SPAWN, 77. 1. The eggs of fish or frogs, when ejected. 2. 
Any product or offspring ; an expression of contempt. 3. 
Offsets ; slioots ; suckers of plants. 

SPAWN, V. t. To produce or deposit, as fishes do their 
eggs. 2. To bring forth ; to generate ; in contempt. 

SPAWN, 77. 7. 1. To deposit eggs, as fish or frogs. 2. To 
issue, as offspring ; in contempt. Locke. 

SPAWNED, pp. Produced or deposited, as the eggs of fish 
or frogs. 

SPAWN'ER, 77. The female fish. Walton. 

SPAY, V. t. [W. yspaz^L', L. spado.] To castrate the fe- 
male of a beast by cutting and by taking out the uterus. 

SPAYED, pp. Castrated, as a female beast. 

SPAY'ING, ppr. Castrating, as a female beast. 

SPeAK, V. i.; pret. spoke, [spake, nearly pp. spoke, 

spoken. [Sax. spa;can,‘specmi.] 1. To utter words or artic- 
ulate sounds, as human beings ; to express thoughts by 


words. 2. To utter a speech, discourse or harangue; to 
utter thoughts in a public assembly. 3. To talk ; to ex- 
press opinions; to dispute. 4. To discourse; to make 
nmnlion of. 5. To give sound. 

SPkAK, V. t. 1. To utter with the mouth ; to pronounce ; 
to utter articulately ; as human beings. 2. To declare ; 
to proclaim ; to celebrate. 3. To talk or converse in ; to 
utter or pronounce, as in conversation. 4. To address ; to 
accost. 5. To exhibit ; to make known. 6. To express 
silently or by signs. 7. To communicate. — To speak a 
ship, to hail and speak to her captain or commander. 

SPeAK'A-BLE, a. 1. That can be spoken. 2. Having the 
power of speech. Milton. 

SPeAK'ER, 77. 1. One that speaks, in whatever manner. 
2. One that proclaims or celebrates. 3. One that utters or 
pronounces a discourse ; usually, one that utters a speech 
in public. 4. Tlie person who presides in a deliberative 
assembly, preserving order and regulating the debates. 

SPeAKMNG, ppr. Uttering words ; discoursing; talking. 

SPeAK'ING, 77. 1. The act of uttering words ; discourse. — 
2. In colleges, public declamation. 

SPeAK'ING-TRUM-PET, 77. A trumpet by which the 
sound of the human voice may be propagated to a great 
distance. 

SPeAR, 77. [Sax. speare, spere ; D., G. speer.] 1. A long, 
pointed weapon, used in w'ar and hunting by thrusting or 
throwing; a lance. 2. A sharp-pointed instrument with 
barbs; used for stabbing fish and other animals. 3. A 
shoot, as of grass ; usually spire. 

SPeAR, V. t. To pierce with a spear; to kill with a spear. 

SPe^\R, 7?. 7. To shoot into a long stem. Sec Spire. 

SPeARED, pp. Pierced or killed with a spear. 

SPeAR'-FOOT, 77. The far foot behind ; used of a horse. 

SPeAR'-GRASS, 77. 1. A long, stitf grass. Shak . — 2. In 
Jfew England, this name is given to a species of poa. 

SPe/VR'ING, ppr. ]. Piercing or killing with a spear. 2. 
Shooting into a long stem. 

SPeAR'MAN, 77. One who is armed with a spear. 

SPeAR'MINT, 77. A plant ; a species of mint. 

SPeAR'-THIS-TLE, 77. A plant, a troublesome weed. 

SPeAR'-WoRT, 77. A plant. 

SPECHT, ) 77. A woodpecker. [J\Tot in use, or local.] Sher- 

S PEIGHT, \ wood. 

SPE"CIAL, (spesh'al) a. [Fr., It. speziale ; Sp. especial ; L. 
specialis.] 1. Designating a species or sort. 2. Particular; 
peculiar ; noting something more than ordinary. 3. Ap- 
propriate ; designed for a particular purpose. 4. Extraor- 
dinary ; uncommon. 5. Chief in excellence. 

I SPE"CIAL,_77. a particular. Hammond. 

t SPE"CIAL-TZE, V. t. To mention specially. Sheldon. 

SPE"CIAL-LY, 07/7;. 1. Particularly ; in a manner beyond 
what is common, or out of the ordinary coui’se. 2. For 
a f)articular purpose. 3. Chiefly ; specially. 

SPE''CIAL-TY, (spesh'al-ty) n. 1. Particularity ; [little 
'used.] 2. A particular or peculiar case ; [little used.] 3. A 
special contract ; an obligation or bond ; the evidence of a 
debt by deed or instrument under seal. Blackstone. 

SPe'CIE, (spe'shy) n. Coin; copper, silver or gold coined 
and used as a circulating medium of commerce. 

SPe'CIES, (spe'sliiz) 77. [L.] 1. In a collection of 

organized beings derived from one common parentage by 
natural generation, characterized by one peculiar form. — 
2. In botany, all the plants which spring from the same 
seed, or w hich resemble each other in certain characters 
or invariable forms. — 3. In logic, a special idea, corre- 
sponding to the specific distinctions of things in nature. 
4. Sort ; kind. 5. Appearance to the senses ; visible or 
sensible representation ; [little used.] 6. Representation 
to the mind ; [little used.] 7. Show ; visible exhibition ; 
[ofts.] 8. Coin, or coined silver and gold, used as a circu- 
lating medium. Arbuthnot. — 9. \w pharmacy, a simple ; a 
component part of a compound medicine. 10. The old 
pharmaceutical term for pow'ders. 

SPE-CIF'I€, ( a. [Fr. specif que ; It. specif co.] 1. That 

SPE-CIF'I-CAL, j makes a thing of the species of which 
it is ; designating the peculiar property or properties of a 
thing, which constitute its species, and distinguish it from 
other things. — 2. In medicine, appropriate for the cure of a 
particular disease. 

SPE-CIF'IC, 77. In medicine, a remedy that certainly cures 
a particular disease. Coze. 

SPE-CIF'I-CAL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to consti- 
tute a species ; according to the nature of the species. 

SPE-CIFT-CATE, v. t. [L. species and facio.] To show', 
mark or designate the species, or the distinguishing par- 
ticulars of a thing ; to specify. 

SPEC-I-FI-€A'TION, n. 1. The act of determining by a 
mark or limit; notation of limits. 2. The act of specify- 
ing ; designation of particulars ; particular mention. 3. 
Article or thing specified. 

SPE-CIF'I€-NESS, n. Particular mark of distinction. An- 
not. 077 Olanville. 

SPEC'I-FIED, pp. Particularized ; specially named. 

SPECT-FY, 7’. t. [Fr. specifier ; It. specificare.] To mention 


* Sec Synopsis. A, E, I, o, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


SPE 


777 SPE 


or name, as a particular thing ; to designate in words, so 
as to distinguish a thing from every otl)er. 

SPEC'I-FY-ING, ppr. Naming or designating particu- 
larly. 

SPEC'I-MEN, n. [L.l A sample ; a part or small portion 
of any thing, intended to exhibit the kind and quality of 
the whole, or of something not exhibited. 

SPe'CIOUS, a. [Fr. specieux ; It. specioso ; especioso ; 
L. speciosus.] 1. Showy; pleasing to the view. 2 Ap- 
parently right ; superficially fair, just or correct ; plausi- 
b]e; appearing well at first view. 

SPe'CIOUS-LY, adv. With a fair appearance ; with show 
of right. 

SPk'CIOUS-NESS, 71. The state or quality of being spe- 
cious. Jlsh. 

SPECK, n. [Sax. spccca.] 1. A spot ; a stain ; a small place 
in any thing that is discolored. 2. A very small thing. 

SPECK, V. t. To spot ; to stain in spots or drops. 

SPEC'KLE, n. A little spot in any thing, of a different 
substance or color from that of the thing itself. 

SPEC KLE, V. t. To mark with small spots of a different 
color ; used chiefly in the participle passive. 

SPEC'KLED, pp. or a. Marked with specks; variegated 
with spots of a different color from the ground or sur- 
face of the object. — Speckled bird, a denomination given 
to a person of doubtful character or principles. 

SPEC'KLED-NESS, n. The state of being speckled. 

SPEC KLING, ppr. Marking with small spots. 

SPECKT, or l^PEIGHT, n. A woodpecker. See Specht. 

SPEC'TA-CLE, n. [Fr.; L. spectaculuin.] 1. A show; 
Something exhibited to view ; usually, something pre- 
sented to view as extraordinary. 2. Any thing seen ; a 
sight. — 3. Spectacles, in the plural, glasses to assist the 
sight. — 4. 7/, something that aids the intellectu- 

al sight. 

SPEC-TA-CLED, a. Furnished with spectacles. Shak. 

SPEC-TAC'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to shows. Hickes. 

SPEC-Ta'TION, 71. [L. spectatio.] Regard; respect. [Lit- 
tle 77sed.] 

SPEC-Ta'TOR, n. [L.; Fr. spectateur ; It. spettatore.'] 1. 
One that looks on ; one that sees or beholds ; a beholder. 
2. One personally present. 

SPEC-TA-To'RI-AL, a. Pertaining to the Spectator. 

SPEC-Ta'TOR-SHIP, 77. The act of beholding. Shak. 2. 
The office or quality of a spectator. Addison. 

SPEC-Ta'TRESS, ) 71. [L. spectatrix.^ A female beholder 

SPEC-Ta'TRIX, \ or looker on. 

SPEC'TRE, ) 71. [Fr. spectre; L. spectrum.] 1. An appari- 

SPEC^TER, ) tion ; the appearance of a person who is 
dead; a ghost. 2. Something mad«ipreternaturally visi- 
ble. — 3. In conchology, a species of voluta, marked with 
reddish broad bands. (Jyc. 

SPECTRUM, n. [L.] A visible form ; an image of some- 
thing seen, continuing after the eyes are closed. 

SPEC'U-LAR, a. [L. specularis.] 1. Having the qualities 
of a mirror or looking-glass ; having a smooth, reflecting 
surface. 2. Assisting sight ; [oZ>5.] 3. Affording view. 

SPEC'U-LATE, V. i. [L. specular ; Fr. spcculer ; It. specu- 
lare.] 1. To meditate ; to contemplate ; to consider a sub- 
ject by turning it in the mind and viewing it in its difter- 
ent aspects and relations. — 2. In commerce, to purchase 
land, goods, stock or other things, with the expectation 
of selling the articles at a profit. 

t SPEC'U-LATE, V. t. To consider attentively. 

SPEC-U-La'TION, 77. 1. Examination by the eye; view ; 
[little used.] 2. Mental view of any thing in its various 
aspects and relations ; contemplation ; intellectual exam- 
ination. 3. Train of thoughts formed by meditation. 4. 
Mental scheme ; theory ; views of a subject not verified 
by fact or practice. 5. Power of sight ; [ 0 & 5 .] — 6. In com- 
merce, the act or practice of buying land or goods, &c. in 
expectation of a rise of price and of selling them at an 
advance. 

SPE€'U-LA-TIST, n. One who speculates or forms theo- 
ries ; a speculator. Milner. 

SPEG'U-IiA-Tl VE, a. [Fr. speculatif; It. speculativo.] 

1. Given to speculation; contemplative. 2. Formed by 
speculation ; theoretical ; ideal ; not verified by fact, ex- 
periment or practice. 3. Pertaining to view. 

SPEU'U-LA-TiVE-LY, ado. 1. In contemplation; with 
meditation. 2. Ideally ; theoretically ; in theory only, 
not in practice. 

SPE€'U-LA-TIVE-NESS, n. The state of being specula- 
tive, or of consisting in speculation only. 

SPE€'U-LA-TOR, n. 1. One who speculates or forms the- 
ories. 2. An observer ; a contemplator. 3, A spy ; a 
watcher. — 4. In commerce, one who buys goods, land or 
ot'ner thing, with the expectation of a rise of price, and 
of deriving profit from such advance. 

SPCU'U-LA-TO-RY, a. 1. Exercising speculation. .Johnson. 

2. Intended or adapted for viewing or espying. Warton. 

SPE€'U-LUM, n. [L.] 1. A mirror or looking-glass. 2. A 

glass that reflects the images of objects. 3. A metallic 
reflector used in catadioptric telescopes. — 4. In surgery. 


an instrument for dilating and keeping open certain parts 
of the body. 

SPED, pret. and pp. of speed. 

SPEECH, 71. [Sax. 5pcEc.] 1. The faculty of uttering artic- 
ulate sounds or words, as in human beings ; the faculty 
of expressing thoughts by words or articulate sounds. 

2. Language ; words as expressing ideas. 3. A particular 
language, as distinct from others. 4. That which is 
spoken ; words uttered in connection and expressing 
thoughts. 5. Talk ; mention ; common saying. 6. For- 
mal discourse in public; oration ; harangue. 7. Any de- 
claration of thoughts. 

SPPIECH, V. i. To make a speech ; to harangue. [Z,. 77 .] 
SPEECH'LESS, a. 1. Destitute or deprived of the faculty 
of speech. 2. Mute ; silent; not speaking for a time. 
SPEECH'LESS-NESS, n. The state of being speechless; 
muteness. Bacon. 

SPEECH'-MaK-ER, 71. One who makes speeches; one 
who speaks much in a public assembly. 

SPEED, V. i.; pret. and pp. sped, speeded. [Sax. spedian, 
speedan ; D. spoeden.] I. To make haste; to move with 
celerity. 2. To have success ; to prosper ; to succeed ; 
that is, to advance in one’s enterprise. 3. To have any 
condition, good or ill ; to fare. 

SPEED, V. t. 1. To dispatch; to send away in haste. 2. 
To hasten ; to hurry ; to put in quick motion. 3. To 
hasten to a conclusion ; to execute; to dispatch. 4. To 
assist; to help forward; to hasten. 5. To prosper; to 
cause to succeed. 6. To furnish in haste. 7. To dis- 
patch ; to kill ; to ruin ; to destroy. 

SPEED, 71. 1. Swiftness ; quickness; celerity; applied to 
animals. 2. Haste ; dispatch. 3. Rapid pace. 4. Suc- 
cess ; prosperity in an undertaking ; favorable issue ; 
that is, advance to the desired end. 
fSPEED'FUL, a. Serviceable; useful. WicUffe. 

SPEED'I LY, ado. Quickly ; with haste ; in a short time. 
SPEEDT-NESS, n. The quality of being speedy ; quick- 
ness ; celerity; haste; dispatch. 

SPEED' WELL, n. A plant of the genus veronica. 

SPEED' Y, a. 1. Quick ; swift ; nimble ; hasty ; rapid in 
motion. 2. Quick in performance ; not dilatory or slow. 
tSPEET, V. t. [D. speeten.] To stab. 

SPEIGHT, 71. A woodpecker. [Mot in use, or local.] 
SPELK, n. [Sax. i-peZe.] A splinter; a small stick or rod 
used in thatcliing. [Local.] Grose. 

SPELL, 71. [Sax. spel, or spell, a story.] 1. A story ; a tale ; 
[oZ>5.] Chaucer. 2. A charm consisting of some words of 
occult power. 3. A turn of work ; relief ; turn of duty ; 
as, take a spell at the pump. Seamen. — 4. In Mew Eng- 
land, a short time ; a little time ; [not elegant.] 5. A 
turn of gratuitous labor, sometimes accompanied with 
presents. Mew England. 

SPELL, V. t. ; pret. and pp. spelled, or spelt. [Sax. spellian, 
spelligan.] 1. To tell or name the letters of a word, wdth 
a proper division of syllables. 2. To write or print w’ith 
the proper letters ; to form words by correct orthography. 

3. To take another’s place or turn temporarily in any la- 
bor or service. Meio England. 4. To charm. 5. To 
read ; to discover by characters or marks ; with out. 6. To 
tell ; to relate ; to teach ; [obs.] 

SPELL, V. i. To form words with the proper letters, either 
in reading or writing. 2. To read. Milton. 

SPELLED, or SPELT, pret. and pp. of spell. 

SPELL'ER, n. One that spells ; one skilled in spelling. 
SPELL'ING,p27r. 1. Naming the letters of a word. 2. Tak- 
ing another’s turn. 

SPELL'ING, n. 1. The act of naming the letters of a word. 
2. Orthography ; the manner of forming words with let- 
ters. 

SPELL'ING-BOOK, n. A book for teaching children to 
spell and read. 

SPELT, 77 . [Sax., D. spelte ; G. speh.] A species of grain of 
tlie genus triticum ; called, also, German icheat. 
t SPELT, V. t. [G. spalten ; Dan. spilder.] To split. 
SPEL'TER, 77 . [G., D. spiauter.] Common zink. 
t SPENCE, (spens) n. [Old Fr. dispense.] A buttery; a 
larder ; a place where provisions are kept. Chaucer. 
SPEN'CER, 77 . 1. One who has the care of the spence or 
buttery ; [oZ»s.] 2. A kind of short coat. 

SPEND, V. t. ; pret. and pp. spent. [Sax. spendan ; Svv. 
spendera ; It. spendere.] 1. To lay out ; to dispose of ; to 
part witli. 2. To consume ; to waste ; to squander. 3. 
To consume ; to exhaust. 4. To bestow for any purpose. 
5. To eflfuse ; [Z. u.] 6. To pass, as time ; to suffer to 

pass away. 7. To lay out ; to exert or to waste. 8. lo 
exhaust of force ; to waste ; to wear away. 9. To ex- 
haust of strength ; to harass ; to fatigue. 

SPEND, V. i. 1. To make expense ; to make disposition of 
inone}'. 2. To be lost or wasted ; to vanish ; to be dissi- 
pated. 3. To prove in the use. 4. To be consumed. 5. 
To be employed to any use ; [aiuAsi/aZ.] 

SPEND'ER, 77 . One that spends ; also, a prodigal. 
SPEND'ING, ppr. Laying out ; consuming ; wasting ; ex- 

liausting. 


* See Srjnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as m this, f Obsolete. 


SPl 


778 SPi 


ISPEND'INCt, 71. The act of laying out or expending. 
SPEND'THRIFT, n. One who spends money iinprovident- 
ly a prodigal j one who lavishes his estate, 
f SPe'RA-BLE, a. [L. sperabilis.] That may be hoped. 
fSPE'RATE, a. [L. speratus.] Hoped not to be irrecovera- 
ble. 

fcsPERE, V. t. To ask j to inquire. 

SPERM, 71. [Fr. sperme ; L. sperma.] 1. Animal seed ; that 
by which the species is propagated. 2. The head matter 
of a certain species of whale, called cachalot. 3. Spawn 
of fishes or frogs. 

SPER-MA-CE'TI, n. [L. sperma and cetus.] The same as 
sperm. 

SPER-MAT'IC, a. 1. Consisting of seed ; seminal. 2. Per- 
taining to the semen, or conveying it. Ray. 
fSPERM'A-TIZE, v. i. To yield seed. Brown. 
SPER-MAT'O-CELE, n. [Gr. aneppa and 107X77.] A swell- 
ing of the spermatic vessels, or vessels of the testicles. 
SPER-MOL'O-CIST, n. [Gr. aneppo'Xoyos.] One who gath- 
ers or treats of seeds. Diet. 

I SPERSE, V. t. To disperse. Spenser. 

I SPET, V. t. To spit ; to throw out. 
f SPET, 71. Spittle, or a flow. 

SPEW, V. t. [Sax. spiwan ; D. spuwen ; L. spuo.] 1. To 
vomit; to puke ; to eject from the stomach. 2. To eject; 
to cast forth. 3. To cast out w’ith abhorrence. 

SPEW, V. i. To vomit ; to discharge the contents of the 
stomach. B. Jonson. 

SPEWED,pp. Vomited; ejected. 

SPEW'ER, 71. One who spews, 
t SPEW'I-NESS, 71. Moistness; dampness. Oauden. 
SPEW'ING, ppr. Vomiting ; ejecting from the stomach. 
SPEW'ING, 71. The act of vomiting. 

SPEWW, a. Wet; foggy. [Local.'] Mortimer. 
SPHAC'E-LATE, v. i. 1. To mortify ; to become gangren- 
ous ; as flesh. 2. To decay or become carious, as a bone. 
SPIIAC E-LATE, v. t. To affect with gangrene. 
SPHAC-E-La'TION, n. The process of becoming or making 
gangrenous ; mortification. Med. Repos. 

SPHAC'E-LUS, 71. [Gr. o-^aiccXo?.] 1. In medicine and sur- 
gery^ gangrene ; mortification of the flesh of a living ani- 
mal. 2. Caries or decay of a bone. 

SPHAG'NOUS, c. [sp/ta^imm, bog-moss. Linne.] Pertaining 
to bog-moss ; mossy. Bigelow. 

SPHENE, 71. [Gr. <T(pr]v, a wedge.] A mineral. 
SPIIE-NOID', ) a. [Gr. a<pt)v and ri^o?.] Resembling a 
SPHE-NOID' AL, \ wedge. — The sphenoid bone is the pte- 
rygoid bone of the basis of the skull. 

SPHERE, (sfeer) n. [Fr. ; L. spheera ; It. sfera.] 1. In 
geometry^ a solid body contained under a single surface, 
which in every part is equally distant from a point called 
its centre. 2. An orb or globe of the mundane system. 
3. An orbicular body, or a circular figure representing the 
earth or apparent heavens. 4. Circuit of motion ; revo- 
lution ; orbit. 5. The concave or vast orbicular expanse 
in which the heavenly orbs appear. 6. Circuit of action, 
knowledge or influence ; compass; province; employ- 
ment. 7. Rank; order of society. 

SPHERE, V. t. 1. To place in a sphere ; [unusual.] 2. To 
form into roundness. Milton. 

SPIIERTG, ) a. [It. sferico ; Fr. spherique ; L. spheeri- 
SPHERT-CAL, ) cmj?.] 1. Globular ; orbicular; having a 
surface in every part equally distant from the centre. 2. 
Planetary ; relating to the orbs of the planets. 
SPIIER'I-CAL-LY, ado. In the form of a sphere. 
SPHERT-CAL-NESS, | n. The state or quality of being or- 
SPHE-RIC'I-TY, f bicular or spherical ; roundness. 
SPHER'ICS, n. The doctrine of the sphere. 

SPHE-ROID', n. [sphere^ and Gr. rt^o?.] A body or figure 
approaching to a sphere, but not perfectly spherical. 
SPHE-ROID'AL, \ a. 1. Having the form of a spheroid. 
SPIIE-ROID'IC, > — 2. In crystalography^ bounded 

SPME-ROID'I-CAL, ) by several convex faces. 
SPIIE-ROIDT-TY, n. The quality of being spheroidal. 
SPHER-O-SID'ER-ITE, n. A substance found in the ba- 
saltic, compact lava of Steinheim ; called, also, hyalite. 
SFHER'ULE, n. [L. sphcerula.] A little sphere. 
SFIIER'U-LITE, n. A variety of obsidian or pearl-stone. 
fcPIlER'Y, a. 1. Belonging to the sphere. .ViZto/j. 2. Round ; 
spherical. Shah. 

SFHINC'TER, n. [from Gr. cr^tyyw.] In rtJiaZo7n?/, a muscle 
that contracts or shuts. Coze. 

►SPHINX, n. [Gr. ; L. sphinx.] 1. A famous monster 

in Egypt, having the body of a lion and the face of a 
young woman.— 2. In entomology, the hawk-moth, a 
genus of insects. 

f PHRAGHI), n. A species of ocherous clay. 
jSPFAL, 77. A spy ; a scout. Bacon. 

{i^Pf'CATE, a. [L. spicatus.] Having a spike or ear. 

SPICE, V. [Fr. cpice ; It. spetie ; Sp. c.'fp^cia.] 1. A vegeta- 
ble production, fragrant or aromatic to the smell, and pun- 
gent to the taste. 2. A small quantity ; something that 


enriches or alters the quality of a thing in a small degrees^ 
3. [Fr. espece.] A sample. 

SPICE, V. t. 1. To season with spice ; to mix aromatic sub- 
stances with. 2. To tincture. 3. To render nice ; to 
season with scruples. 

SPlCED, pp. Seasoned with spice. 

SPi'CER, //. ]. One that seasons with spice. 2. One that 
deals in spice. Camden. 

SPI'CE-RY, 71. [Fr. epiceries.] 1. Spices in general ; fragrant 
and aromatic vegetable substances used in seasoning. 
2. A repository of spices. 

SPICK AND SPAN. Bright; shining. 

SFICK'NEL, or SPIG'NEL, n. The herb maldmony or 
bear- wort. Diet. 

f SPI-COST-TY, 71. [L. spica.] The state of having or being 
full of ears, like corn. Diet. 

SPIC'U-LAR, a. [L. spiculum.] Resembling a dart ; having 
sharp points. 

SPIC'U-LATE, V. t. [L. spiculo.] To sharpen to a point. 

SPI'CY, a. 1. Producing spice ; abounding with spices. 2. 
Having the qualities of spice ; fragrant ; aromatic. 

SPl'DER, 77. The common name of the insects of the genus 
aranea, remarkable for spinning webs for taking their 
prey. 

SFi'DER-€_ATCH-ER, 77. A bird so called. 

SFFDER-LlKE, a. Resembling a spider. Shak. 

SFl'DER-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus anthericum. 

SPIG'NEL. See Spicknel. 

SPIG'OT, 77. [W. yspigawd.] A pin or peg used to stop a 

• faucet, or to stop a small hole in a cask ofliquor. Swift. 

SPIKE, n. [ W. yspig ; I), spyk, spyker ; G. speiche ; Dan. 
spiger ,• Sw. spik ; L. spica.] 1. A large nail ; always, in 
Jimerica, applied to a nail or pin of metal. 2. An ear of 
corn or grain. 3. A shoot. 4. [L. spica.] In botany, a 
species of inflorescence. 

PIKE, 77. A smaller species of lavender. Hill. 

SPIKE, V. t. 1. To fasten with spikes or long and large nails. 

2. To set with spikes. 3. To stop the vent with spikes. 

SPIKED, pp. Furnished with spikes, as corn ; fastened with 

spikes ; stopped with spikes. 

SPIKE'-LAV-EN-DER,77. The lavandula spica. Ed.Encyc. 

SPIKE'LET, 77. In botany, a small spike of a large one. 

*SFlKE'NARD,(sp]k'nard,7;r spike'nard) n. [L. spicanardi.] 
1. A plant of the genus nardus. 2. The oil or balsam pro- 
cured from the spikenard. 

SPIKTNG, p/77*. Fastening with spikes. 

SPiK'Y, a. Having a sharp point. Dyer. 

SPILE, 77. [D. spil ; G. spille ; Ir. spile.] 1. A small peg or 
wooden pin, used to stop a hole. 2. A stake driven into 
the ground to protec| a bank, &c. 

SPILL, 77. [a diflerent orthography of spile.] 1. A small 
peg or pin for stopping a cask. 2. A little bar or pin of 
iron. 3. A little sum of money ; [0Z75.] 

SPILL, V. t. ,• pret. and pp. spilled, or spilt. [Sax. spillan ; 
])., G. spillen.] 1. To suffer to fall or run out of a vessel ; 
to lose or suffer to be scattered. 2. To suffer to be shed. 

3. To cause to flow out or lose ; to shed. 4. To mischief ; 
to destroy ; [776s.] 5 . To throw away. — 6 . In seamejFs 
language, to discharge the wind out of tlie cavity or belly 
of a sail. 

SFILIj, V. i. 1. To waste ; to be prodigal ; [cbs.] 2. To be 
shed ; to be suffered to fall, be lost or wasted. Watts. 

SPILLED, pp. Suffered to fall, as liquids ; shed. 

SPILL'ER, 77. 1. One that spills or sheds. 2. A kind of 
fishing line. Carew. 

SPILL'LXG, ppr. Suffering to fall or run out, as liquids; 
shedding. 

SPILL'ING-LiNES, in a ship, are ropes for furling more 
conveniently the square-sails. Mar. Diet. 

SPILT, pret. and pp. of sjnll. 

fSPILTH, 77. [from spill.] Any thing spilt. Shak. 

SPIN, V. t. ; pret. and pp. spun. Span is not used. [►Sax., 
Goth, spinnan : D., G. spinnen.] 1. To draw out and twist 
into threads, either by the hand or machinery. 2. To 
draw out tediously ; to form by a slow process or by de- 
grees ; with out. 3. To extend to a great length. 4. To 
draw out ; to protract ; to spend by delays. S. To whirl 
with a thread ; to turn or cause to whirl. C. To draw out 
from the stomach in a filament. 

SPIN, V. i. 1. To practice spinning ; to work at dravving and 
twisting threads. 2. To perform the act of drawing and 
twisting threads. 3. To move round rapidly ; to whirl. 

4. To stream or issue in a thread or small current. 

SPIN'ACri, ( ( ». [L. spinacia ; It. spinace.] A 

SPIN'AGE, j l-p.n aje; ^ plant of the genus sprwacZa. 

SPl'NAL, a. Pertaining to the spine or back bone. 

SPIN'DLE, 77. [Sax., Dan. spindcL] L The pin used in 
spinning-wheels for twisting the thread, and on which the 
thread, when twisted, is wound. 2. A slender, pointed 
rod or pin on which any thing turns. 3. The fusee of a 
watch. 4. A long, slender stalk. 5. The lower end of a 
capstan, shod with iron ; the pivot. 

SPIN'DLE, V. i. To shoot or grow in a long, slender stalk. 


t Obsolete. 


See Synopsis. A, K, T, O, U, Y, lovg.—FMl, FALL, WHAT PREY ;— IIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— 


SPI 


779 


SPI 


PPIN^DLE-LEGS, ; w. A tall, slender person : in con- 

fcjPLiN'DLE-SHANKS, \ tempt. 

SiHN'DLE-SHANKED, a. Having long, slender legs. 

SPIN'DLE-SHaPED, a. Having the shape of a spindle 5 
fusiform. Marty n. 

SPlN'DLE-TPvEE, n. A plant, prick-wood. 

SPINE, n. [L., It. spina ; Fr. epine.] 1. The back-bone 
of an animal. 2. The shin of the leg. 3. A thorn 5 a 
sharp process from the woody part of a plant. 

SPI'NEL, or SPI-NELLE^, n. [It. spinella.] The spindle 
ruby, says Hauy^ is the true ruby, a gem of a red color. 

SPI-NELE'ANE, n. A mineral occurring in small crystal- 
ine masses and in minute crystals. Phillips. 

SPI-NES'CENT, a. Becoming hard and thorny. 

SPIN'ET, n. [It. spinetta.] An instrument of music resem- 
bling a liarpsichord, but smaller j a virginal ; a clavichord. 

I SPIN'ET, n. [L. spinetum.] A small wood or place where 
briars and thorns grow. B. Jonson. 

SPI-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. spina and fero.] Producing spines ; 
bearing thorns. 

SPINK, n. A bird j a finch. Harte. 

SPIN'NER, n. 1. One that spins. 2. A spider. 

SPIN'NING, ppr. Drawing out and twisting into threads j 
drawing out; delaying. 

SPIN'NING, n. 1. The act of drawing out and twisting 
into threads. 2. The act of forming webs. 

SPINh\TNG-JEN-NY, n. An engine for spinning wool or 
cotton, in the manufacture of cloth. 

SPIN'NING-WHEEL, v. A wheel for spinning. 

SPIN'O-EET, n. A small bird of the lark kind. 

SPI-NOS'I-TY, n. The state of being spiny or thorny ; 
crabbedness. Olanville. 

SPI'NOUS, a. [L. spinosus.] Full of spines ; thorny. 

SPPAT)-ZISM, 11 . The doctrines of Spinoza. 

SPIN'STER, n. [spin and ster.\ 1. A woman who spins, 
or whose occupation is to spin. — 2. In law^ the common 
title by which a woman without rank or distinction is 
designated. 

SPIN'STRY, n. The business of spinning. Milton. 

SPIN'THERE, n. A mineral of a greenish-gray color. 

SPI'NY, a. [from spi/ie.] 1. Full of spines ; thorny. 2. Per- 
plexed ; difficult ; troublesome. Digby. 

*SPlREV-€LE, 71. [L. spiracxdum.] 1. A small aperture 
in animal and vegetable bodies, by which air or other flu- 
id is exhaled or inhaled ; a small hole, orifice or vent; a 
pore ; a minute passage. 2. Any small aperture, hole or 
vent. 

SPrilAL, a. [It. spirale ; Fr. spiral.] Winding round a 
cylinder or other round body, or in a circular form, and at 
the same time rising or advancing forward ; winding like 
a screw. 

SPI'RAL-LY, adv. In a spiral form or direction ; in the 
manner of a screw. Ray. 

jSPI-RA'TION, 71. [L. ^piratio.] A breathing. Barrow. 

SPIRE, n. [L. spira ; Gr. crneipa ; Sp. espk’a.] 1. A wind- 
ing line like the threads of a screw; any thing wreathed 
or contorted ; a curl ; a twist ; a wreath. 2. A body that 
shoots up to a point ; a tapering body ; a round pyramid 
or pyrpmidical body ; a steeple. 3. A stalk or blade of 
grass or other plant. 4. The top or uppermost point of a 
thing. 

SPIRE, V. i. 1. To shoot ; to shoot up pyramid ically. 2. 
To breathe ; [oft^.] 3. To sprout, as grain in malting. 

SPTPi.ED, a. Having a spire. Mason. 

SPlR'IT, n. [Fr. esprit ; It. spirito ; Sp. espiritu ; L. spiri- 
tus.] I. Primarily y wind ; air in motion ; hence, breath ; 
[1. u.] 2. Animal excitement, or the effect of it; life; 

ardor ; fire ; courage ; elevation or vehemence of mind ; 
as, the troops attacked the enemy with great spirit ; the 
young man has tlic spirit of youth ; he speaks or acts 
with suirit. — Spirits^ in the plxiraly is used in nearly a like 
sense ; as, the troops began to recover their spir/t*'. Swift. 
3. Vigor of intellect; genius; as, “His wit, his beauty 
and his spirit.” Butler. “ The noblest spirit or genius 
cannot deserve enough of mankind to pretend to the 
esteem of heroic virtue.” Temple. 4. Temper ; disposi- 
tion of mind, habitual or temporary ; as, a maji of a gen- 
erous spirity or of a revengeful spiHt ; the ornament of a 
meek and quiet spirit. 5. The soul of man ; the intelli- 
gent, immaterial and immortal part of human beings. C. 
An immaterial, intelligent substance. 7. An immaterial, 
intelligent being. 8. Turn of mind; temper; occasional 
state of the mind. 9. Powers of mind distinct from the 
body. 10. Sentiment; perception. 11. Eager desire; 
disposition of mind excited and directed to a particular 
object. 12. A person of activity ; a man of life, vigor or 
enterprise. 13. Persons distinguished by qualities of the 
mind. 14. Excitement of mind; animation: cheerful- 
ness ; tisaaZZ?/ ia t/:c pZura/. 15. Life or strength of re- 
semblance ; essential qualities. 16. Something eminently 
pure and refined. 17. That which hath power or energy ; 
the quality of any substance which manifests life, activi- 
ty or the power of strongly affecting other bodies. 18. A 
strong, pungent or stimulating liquor, usually obtained 


* See Synapsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ; — BIJLL, UNITE. 


by distillation, as mm, brandy, gin, whisky. 19. All 
apparition ; a ghost. 20. The renewed nature of man. 
Gal, V. 21. The influences of the Holy Spirit. Matt, 
xxii . — Holy Spirity the third person in the Trinity. 

SPIR'IT, V. t. 1. To animate ; to actuate, as a spirit ; [1. m.J 
2. To animate with vigor ; to excite ; to encourage. 3. 
To kidnap. — To spirit away, to entice or seduce. 

f SPIR'IT-AL-LY, adv. By means of the breath. 

SPiR'IT-ED) pp. 1. Animated ; encouraged ; incited. 2. a 
Animatr. ' ; full of life ; lively ; full of spirit or fire. 

SPlR'lT-ED-LY, adv. In a lively manner; with spirit. 

SPiR'IT-ED-NESS, n. 1. Life; animation. 2. Disposition 
or make of mind ; used in compounds. 

f SPiR'lT-FUL, a. Lively ; full of spirit. Ash. 

t SPiRHT-FUL-LY, adv. In a lively manner. 

f SPiRMT-FUL-NESS, n. Liveliness ; sprightliness. 

SPiR'IT-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of spirits ; wanting anima- 
tion ; wanting cheerfulness ; dejected ; depressed. 2. 
Destitute of vigor ; wanting lifb, courage or fire. 3. Hav- 
ing no breath ; extinct; dead, Greenhill. 

SPlR'IT-LESS-LY, adv. Without spirit ; without exertion. 

SPiRflT-LESS-NEBS, n. Dullness; want of life or vigor. 

SPiR'IT-OUB, a. 1. Like spirit ; refined; defecated; pure. 
Milton. 2. Fine ; ardent ; active. Smith, 

SPiR'IT-OUS-NESS, n. A refined state; fineness and ac- 
tivity of parts. Boyle. 

SPIR'IT-U-AL, a. [Fr. spirituel ; It. spirituale ; L. spiritu^ 
alls.] 1. Consisting of spirit ; not material; incorporeal. 

2. Mental ; intellectual. 3. Not gross ; refined from ex- 
ternal things ; not sensual ; relative to mind only. 4. Not 
lay or temporal ; relating to sacred things ; ecclesiastical. 
5. Pertaining to spirit or to the affections; pure; holy. 
G. Pertaining to the renewed nature of man. 7. Not 
fleshly ; not material. 8. Pertaining to divine things. — 
Spiritual courty an ecclesiastical court. 

SPlR'IT-U-AL-iST, 7 J. One who professes a regard for spir- 
itual things only ; one whose employment is spiritual. 
JIallyicell. 

SPiR-lT-U-AL'I-TY, n. 1. Essence distinct from matter; 
immateriality. 2. Intellectual nature. 3. Spiritual na- 
ture ; the quality which respects the spirit or affections of 
the heart only, and the essence of true religion. 4. Spir- 
itual exercises and holy affections. 5. That which belong, 
to the church, or to a person as an ecclesiastic, or to reli- 
gion. 6. An ecclesiastical body ; [06.?.] Shah. 

SPIR-IT-U-AL-I-Za'TION, n. The act of spiritualizing. — 
In chemistrijy the operation of extracting spirit from natu- 
ral bodies. Encyc. 

SPlR'IT-L)-AL-lZE, v. i. [Fr. spiritualiser.] 1. To refine 
the intellect ; to purify from the feculences of the world. 
— 2. In chemistx'iiy to extract spirit from natural bodies. 

3. To convert to a spiritual meaning. 

SPlR'IT-U-AL-LY, adv. Without corporeal grossness or 

sensuality; in a manner conformed to the spirit of true 
religion ; with purity of spirit or lieart. 

SPiR'IT-U-OUS, a. [Fr. spiritueux.] 1. Containing spirit ; 
consisting of refined spirit ; ardent. 2. Having the quali- 
• ty of spirit ; fine ; pure ; active. 3. Lively ; gay ; vivid ; 
airv ; [0&5.] 

SPiR'IT-U-OUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being spiritu- 
ous ; ardor; heat; stimulating quality. 2. Life; tenui- 
ty ; activity. 

SPIRT. See Spuut, the more correct orthography. 

SPIR'TLE, v.t. To shoot scatteringly. Drayton. 

SPIR'Y, a. 1. Of a spiral form; wreathed; curved. 2. 
Having the form of a pyramid ; pyramidical. 

t SPISS, a. [L. spissus.) Thick ; close ; dense. 

SPISS'I-TUDE, n. Thickness of soft substances ; the dense- 
ness or compactness which belongs to substances not per- 
fectly liquid nor perfectly solid. 

SPIT, n. [Sax. spitu ^ D. spit; Sw. spett.] 1. An iron 
prong or bar pointed, on wliicli meat is roasted. 2. [D. 
epity a spade.] Such a depth of earth as is pierced by the 
spade at once. 3. A small point of land running into the 
sea, or a long narrow shoal extending from the sliore into 
the sea. 

SPIT, V. t. 1. To thrust a spit through ; to put upon a spit. 
2. To thrust through ; to pierce. 

SPIT, V. t. ; pret. and pp. spit. Spat is obsolete. [Sax. spit- 
tan ; Sw. spotta; Dan. spytter.] 1. To eject from the 
mouth ; to thrust out, as saliva. 2. To eject or throw out 
with violence. 

SPIT, V. i. To throw out saliva from the moulli. 

SPIT, n. [Dan. spyt.] ^Vhat is ejected from the mouth ; 
srvl 1 Vci 

fSPIT'AL, or tSPIT^TEL, ??. Corrupted from hospital -y 
as, “ rob not the spitaly’^ or charitable foundation. 

SPITCIFCOCK, V. t. To split an eel lengthwise and broil it. 

SPITCH'COCK, 77. An eel split and broiled. Decker. 

SPITE, 77. [D. spvt ; Ir. spid ; It. dispetto.] Hatred ; rancor ; 
malice ; malignity ; malevolence. SpitCy however, is not 
always synonymous with these words. It often denotes 
a le'-'s deliberate and fixed hatred than malice and malig- 
nity, and is often a sudden fit of ill will excited by tempo- 

€ as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


SPL 


780 


SPO 


tary vexation. It is tlie effect of extreme irritation, and 
is accompanied with a desire of revenge, or at least a de- 
sire to vex the object of ill will. — In spite of, in opposition 
to all efforts ; in defiance or contempt of. 

SPITE, V. t. 1. To be angry or vexed at. 2. To mischief j 
to vex ; to treat maliciously ; to thwart. 3. To fill with 
spite or vexation ; to offend •, to vex ; [065.] 

SPIT'ED, pp. Hated ; vexed. 

SPITE'FUL, a. Filled with spite ; having a desire to vex, 
annoy or injure; malignant; malicious. S/iak. 

Sl'ITE'FUL-LY, adv. With a desire to vex, annoy or in- 
jure ; malignantly ; maliciously. Stcift. 

SPiTE'FfJL-NESS, n. The desire to vex, annoy or mis- 
chief, proceeding from irritation ; malice ; malignity. 

SPIT'TED, pp. 1. Put upon a spit. 2. Shot out into 
length. 

SPIT'TER, n. 1. One that puts meat on a spit. 2. One 
who ejects saliva from his mouth. 3. A young deer 
W'hose horns begin to shoot or become sharp ; a brocket or 
pricket. 

SPIT'TING, ppr. 1. Putting on a spit. 2. Ejecting saliva. 

SPIT'TLE, n. [from 1. Saliva; the thick, moist 

matter which is secreted by the salivary glands, and 
ejected from the mouth. 2. A small sort of spade, [spad- 
dle.] 

SPIT'TLE. See Spital. 

SPIT'TLE, V. t. To dig or stir with a small spade. [Local.] 

SPIT'VEN-OM, 71. Poison ejected from the mouth. 

SPLAN€H-NOL'0-GY, n. [Gr. anXa/xva and 1. 

I’lie doctrine of the viscera ; or a treatise or description of 
the viscera. 2. The doctrine of diseases of the internal 
parts of the body. 

SPLASH, V. t. To spatter with water, or with water and 
mud. 

SPLASH, V. i. To strike and dash about water. 

SPLASH, 71. Water, or water and dirt, thrown upon any 
thing, or thrown from a puddle and the like. 

SPLASH' Y, a. Full of dirty water ; wet ; wet and muddy. 

SPLAY, 7 ). t. [See Display.] 1. To dislocate or break a 
horse’s shoulder-bone. Johnson. 2. To spread ; [L w.j 
Mease. 

t SPLAY, for display. 

SPLAY, a. Displayed; spread; turned outward. 

SPLaY'FOOT, I a. Having the foot turned outward; 

SPLaY'FOOT-ED, j having a wide foot. 

SPLaY'^MOUTH, 71. A wide mouth ; a mouth stretched by 
design. 

SPLEEN, 77 . [L. splen ; Gr. (tttXt?!;.] 1. The milt ; a soft 

part of the viscera of animals, supposed, by the ancients, 
to be the seat of melancholy, anger or vexation. 2. An- 
ger ; latent spite ; ill humor. 3. A fit of anger. 4. A fit ; 
a sudden motion ; [ 065 .] 5. Melancholy ; hypochon- 

driacal affections. 6. Immoderate merriment ; [ 0 ^/ 5 .] 
Shah. 

SPLEENED, <7. Deprived of the spleen. Arhuthnot. 

BPLEEN'FUL, a. 1. Angry; peevish ; fretful. S/ja/c. 2. 
Melancholy ; hypochondriacal. Pope. 

t SPLEEN'LESS, a. Kind ; gentle ; mild. Chapman. 

SPLEEN'WoRT, 77. [h. splenium.] A plant; miltwaste. 

SPLEEN'Y, G. 1. Angry; peevish; fretful. Shak. 2. Mel- 
ancholy ; affected with nervous complaints. 

SPLEN'DENT, a. [L. spleiidens.] 1. Shining; glossy; 
beaming with light. 2. Very conspicuous ; illustrious. 

, SPLEN'DID, a. [L. splendidus ; Fr. splendide ; It. splendi- 
do.] 1. Properly., shining; very bright. 2. Showy ; 
magnificent ; sumptuous ; pompous. 3. Illustrious ; he- 
roic ; brilliant. 4. Illustrious; famous; celebrated. 

SPLEN'DID-LY, adv. 1. With great brightness or brilliant 
light. 2. Magnificently; sumptuously; richly. 3. With 
great pomp or show. 

SPLEN'DOR, 77 . [L.] 1. Great brightness; brilliant lustre. 

2. Great show of richness and elegance; magnificence. 

3. Pomp ; parade. 4. Brilliance ; eminence. 

t SPLEN'DROUS, G. Having splendor. Drayton. 

SPLEN'E-Tie, G. [L. spleneticus.] Affected with spleen ; 
peevish ; fretful. Pope. 

SPLEN'E-TI€, 77. A person affected with spleen. Tatler. 

SPLEN'IG, o. [Fy. spleniqiic.] Belonging to the spleen ; as, 
the splenic vein. Ray. 

SPLEN'tSH, G. Affected with spleen ; peevish; fretful. 

t SPLEN'I-TlVE, a. Hot; fiery; passionate; irritable. 

SPLENT, 77 . A callous substance or insensible swelling on 
the shank-bone of a horse. Far. Diet. 2. A splint. 

SPLICE, J 7 ;. t. [Sw. .spUssa i D. splissen ; G. splcissen.] 

SPLISE, \ To separate the strands of the two ends of a 
rope, and unite them by a particular manner of inter- 
weaving them ; or to unite the end of a rope to any part 
of another bv a like inteiAveaving of the strands. 

SPLICE, 77 . The union of ropes by interweaving the 
strands. Mar. Diet. 

SPLINT, or SPLINT'ER, n. \D. splinter : G. splint.] 1. 
A piece of wood split off; a thin piece of wood, or other 
said substance, rent from the main body.— 2. In surgery, 


* See Synopsis, a, E, T, O, tj, '^,lcng. — FAR, FALL, 


a thin piece of wood, or other substance, used to hold or 
confine a broken bone when set. 3. A piece of bone rent 
off in a fracture. 

SPLINT, ) V, t. 1. To split or rend into long, thin 

SPLINT'ER, I pieces; to sliiver. 2. To confine with 
splinters, as a broken limb. 

SPLINT'ER, V. i. To be split or rent into long pieces. 

SPLINT'ER-BaR, 77. A cross-bar in a coach which sup- 
ports the sp»*ings. 

SPLINT'ERED, pp. Split into splinters ; secured by splints. 

SPLINT'ER-Y, a. Consisting of splinters, or resembling 
splinters. Kirwan. 

SPLIT, V. t. ; pret. and pp. split. [D. splitten ,* Dan. split- 
ter.] 1. To divide longitudinally or lengthwise ; to sepa- 
rate a thing from end to end by force ; to rive ; to cleave. 
2. To rend ; to tear asunder by violence ; to burst. 3. 
To divide ; to part. 4. To dash and break on a rock. 5. 
To divide ; to break into discord. 6. To strain and pain 
with laughter. 

SPLIT, v.i. 1. To burst; to part asunder; to suffer dis- 
ruption. 2. To burst with laughter. 3. To be broken ; 
to be dashed to pieces. — To split on a rock, to fail ; to err 
fatally. Spectator. 

SPLIT'TER, 77. One who splits. Swift. 

SPLIT'TING, pj7r. Bursting; riving; rending. 

SPLUT'TER, 77. A bustle ; a stir. [A loio word.] 

SPLUT'TER, V. i. To speak hastily and confusedly. [Low.] 

SPOD'U-MENE, 77. A mineral, called by Haiiy triphane. 

SPOIIj, L'. t. [Fr. spolier ; It. spogliare ^ L. spolio.] 1. To 
plunder ; to strip by violence ; to rob. 2. To seize by vi- 
olence ; to take by force. 3. [Sax. spillan.] To corrupt ; 
to cause to decay and perisli. 4. To corrupt ; to vitiate ; 
to mar. 5. To ruin ; to destroy. 6. To render useless by 
injury. 7. To injure fatally. 

SPOIL, V. i. 1. To practice plunder or robbery. 2. To 
decay ; to lose the valuable qualities ; to be corrupted. 

SPOITi, 77 . [Ti. sjmlium.] 1. That which is taken from 
others by violence ; particularly, in war, the plunder taken 
from an enemy ; pillage ; booty. 2. That which is gained 
by strength or effort. 3. That which is taken from anotli- 
er without license. 4. The act or practice of plundering; 
robbery ; waste. 5. Corruption ; cause of corruption, b. 
The slough or cast skin of a serpent or other animal. 

SPOILED, pj7. Plundered; pillaged; corrupted. 

SP0IL'ER,77. 1. A plunderer; a pillager; a robber. 2. 
One that corrupts, mars or renders useless. 

SPOIL'FUL, a. Wasteful ; rapacious. [Little 'used.] Spenser. 

SPOIL'ING, ppr. 1. Plundering; pillaging; corrupting; 
rendering useless. 2. Wasting ; decaying. 

SPOIL'ING, 72. Plunder; waste. 

SPOKE, pret. of speak. 

SPOKE, 77. [Sax. spaca ; D. spaak.] 1. The radius or ray 
of a wheel ; one of the small bars which are inserted in 
the hub or nave, and wliich serve to support the rim or 
felly. 2. The spar or round of a ladder. 

SPoK'EN, (spo'kn) pp. of .speak. 

SPoKE -SHAVE, n. A kind of plane to SD 200 th the shells 
of blocks. 

SPoKES'MAN, 77. One who speaks for another. 

SPo'LI-ATE, V. L [L. spolio.] To plunder; to pillage. 

SPo'IT-ATE, V. i. To practice plunder ; to commit robbery. 

SPO-LI-a'TION, 77. 1. The act of plundering, particularly 
of plundering an enemy in time of war. 2. The act or 
practice of plundering neutrals at sea under authority. — 3. 
In ecclesiastical affairs, the act of an incumbent in tak- 
ing the fruits of his benefice without right, but under a pre- 
tended title. 

SPON-Da'I€, ) g. [Sec Spondee.] Pertaining to a spon- 

SPON-Da'I-€AL, ) dee ; denoting two long feet in po- 
etry. 

SPON'DEE, 77. [Fr. spondee ; It. spondeo ; L. spondams.] A 
poetic foot of two long syllables. Broome. 

SPON'DYLE, ) 77. [L. spondylus.] A joint of the back-bone ; 

SPON'DYL, I a vertebre or vertebra. Coze. 

SP6NGE. See Spunge. 

SP6NK, 72. [a word probably formed on punk.] Touch- 
wood. — In Scotland, a match. See Spunk. 

SPONS'AL, a. [L. sponsalis.] Relating to marriage or to a 
spouse. 

SPON'SI-BLE, a. Worthy of credit. Craven dialect. 

SPON'SION, 77. [L. sponsio ] The act of becoming surety 
for another. 

SP0NS'0R,77. [L.] a surety ; one who binds himself to 
answer for another, and is responsible for liis default. — In 
the church, the sponsors in baptism are sureties for the 
education oj’ the child baptized. 

SPON-TA-Ne'I-TY, 77. [Fr. spontaneite ; It. spontaneitd.] 
Voluntariness ; the quality of being of free w’ill or accord. 

SPON-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [Ij. .spontanevs.] I. Voluntary; 
acting by its own impulse or will without the incitement 
of any thing external ; acting of its own accord. 2. Pro- 
duced without being plairted, or without human labor. — 
Spontaneous combustion , a taking fire of itself. 

SPON-Ta'NE-OUS-LY, adv. 1. Voluntarily ; of his own 


WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


SPO 


781 


SPR 


will or accord. 2. By its own force or energy ; without 
the impulse of a foreign cause. 

SPON-Ta'NE-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Voluntariness; freedom 
of will; accord unconstrained. 2. Freedom of acting 
without a foreign cause. 

SPON-TOON', n. [Fr., Sp. esponton,'] A kind of half pike; 
a military weapon borne by officers of infantry. 

SPOOL, 71. [G. spide ; D. spool,] A piece of cane or reed, 
or a hollow cylinder of wood with a ridge at each end; 
used by weavers to wind their yarn upon. 

SPOOL, V. t. To wind on spools. 

SPOOM, V. i. To be driven swiftly. 

SPOON, 71. [Ir. spono^.] 1. A small domestic utensil, v/ith 
a bowl or concave part and a handle, for dipping liquids. 
2. An instrument consisting of a bowl or hollow iron and 
a long handle, used for taking earth out of holes dug for 
setting posts. 

t SPOON, V. i. To put before the wind in a gale. 

SPOON'-BILL, 77. A fowl of the grallic order. 

SPOONI-DRIFT, n. In seametds lanffuage^ a showery 
sprinkling of sea- water, swept from the surface in a tem- 
pest. J\Iar. Diet. 

' SPOON'FUL, 72. 1. As much as a spoon contains or is able 
to contain. 2. A small quantity of a liquid. 

SPOON*-MkAT, 71. [spoon and meat.] Food that is or must 
be taken with a spoon ; liquid food. 

SPOON'-WoRT, n. A plant ; scurvy-grass. 

SPO-RAD^IC, 1 a. [Fr. sporadiqus ; Gr. (rnofyaSiKog.] 

SPO-RAD'I-€AL, | Separate ; single ; scattered ; used 
onbj in reference to diseases. — Sporadic diseases are opposed 
to epidemics, as accidental. 

SPoRT, 77. [D. hoert.] 1. That which diverts and makes 
merry ; play ; game ; diversion ; also, mirth. 2. Mock ; 
mockery; contemptuous mirth. 3. That with which one 
plays, or which is diiven about. 4. Play ; idle jingle. 5. 
Diversion of the field, as fowling, hunting, fishing . — In 
sport. To do a thing in sport, is to do it in jest. 

SPoRT, 77. t. 1. To divert; to make merry. 2. To repre- 
sent by any kind of play. Dryden. 

SPoRT, v.i. 1. To play; to frolick ; to wanton. 2. To 
trifle. 

SPoRT'ER, 71. One who sports. 

SPoRT'FlIL, a. 1. Merry; frolicksome ; full of jesting; 
indulging in mirth or play. 2. Ludicrous; done in jest 
or for mere play. 

SPoRT'FUL-LY, adv. In mirth; in jest; for the sake of 
diversion ; playfully. 

SPoRT'FUL-NESS, n. Play; merriment; frolick; a play- 
ful disposition ; playfulness. 

SPoRT'IVE, a. 1. Gay ; merry ; wanton ; frolicksome. 
Shnk. 2. Inclined to mirth ; playful. 

SPoRT'IVE-NESS, n. 1. Playfulness ; mirth ; merriment. 
Walton. 2. Disposition to mirth. 

SPoRT'LESS, a. Without sport or mirth ; joyless. 

SPoRTS'MAN, n. 1. One who pursues the sports of the 
field ; one who hunts, fishes and fowls. 2. One skilled 
in the sports of the field. 

SPoRTS'MAN-SHIP, n. The practice of sportsmen. 

SPORT'U-IiAR-Y, a. [from L. sporta.] Subsisting on alms 
or charitable contributions. [Little used.] Hall. 

fSPORT'ULE, n. [L. sportula.] An alms ; a dole ; a char- 
itable gift or contribution. Ayliffe. 

SPOT, 77. [D. spat ; Dan. sjjctte.] 1. A mark on a substance 
made by foreign matter ; a speck ; a blot ; a place discol- 
ored. 2. A Stain on charaT'ter or reputation ; something 
that soils purity ; disgrace ; reproach ; fault ; blemish. 3. 
A small extent of space ; a place ; any particular place. 
4. A place of a different color from the ground. 5. A va- 
riety of the common domestic pigeon, so called from a 
spot on its head, just above its beak. C. A dark place on 
the disk or face of the sun or of a planet. 7. A lucid 
])lace in the heavens. — C/po77 t/7e immediately ; with- 

out changing place. 

SPOT, V. t. 1. To make a visible mark with some foreign 
matter ; to discolor ; to stain. 2. To patch by way of or- 
nament. 3. To stain ; to blemish ; to taint ; to disgrace ; 
to tarnish ; as reputation. — I'o spot timber, is to cut or 
chip it, in preparation for hewing. 

SPOT'LESS, a. 1. Free from spots, foul matter or discolor- 
ation. 2. Free from reproach or impurity ; pure ; un- 
tainted ; innocent. 

SPOT'LESS-NESS, n. Freedom from spot or -stain ; free- 
dom from reproach. Donne. 

SPOT'TED, pp. Marked with spots or places of a diflerent 
color from the ground. 

SPOT'TED-NESS, n. The quality of being spotted. 

SPOT'TER, 77.. One that makes spots. 

SPOT'TI-NESS, 77. The state or quality of being spotty. 

SPOT^TING, ppr. Marking with spots ; staining. 

SPOT'TY, a. Full of spots ; marked with discolored places. 

t SPOUS'AGE, 77. [Sec Spouse.] The act of espousing. 

SPOUS'AL, a. [from spo775C.] Pertaining to marriage ; nup- 
tial ; matrimonial; conjugal; connubial; bridal. 


SPOUS^AL, n. [Fr. epousailles f ~L. sponsalia.] Marriage; 
nuptials. It is now generally used in the plural. 

SPOUSE, (spouz) 77 . [Fr. epouse ; Sp. esposo, esposa.] One 
engaged or joined in wedlock ; a married person, Imsband 
or wife. 

SPOUSE, (spouz) V. t. To wed ; to espouse. [L. t7.] Chaucer. 

SPOUSED, pp. Wedded ; joined in marriage ; married ; but 
seldom used. Milton. 

SPOUSE'LESS, a. Destitute of a husband or of a wife. 

SPOUT, 77 . [D. spuit.] 1. A pipe, or a projecting mouth of 
a vessel, useful in directing the stream of a liquid poured 
out. 2. A pipe conducting water from another pipe, or 
from a trough on a house. 3. A violent discharge of wa- 
ter raised in a column at sea, like a whirlwind, or by a 
whirlwind. 

SPOUT, V. t. 1. To throw out, as liquids through a narrow 
orifice or pipe. 2. To throw out words with aflected 
gravity ; to mouth. 

SPOUT, 77 . 7 . To issue with violence, as a liquid through a 
narrow orifice or from a spout. 

SPOUT'ED, pp. Thrown in a stream from a pipe. 

SPOUT'ER, 77 . A haranguer ; an orator ; in contempt. 

SPOUT'ING, ppr. Throwing in a stream from a pipe or 
narrow opening ; pouring out words violently. 

SPOUT'ING, 77 . The act of throwing out; a violent or af- 
fected speech ; a harangue. 

SPRACK. See Sprag. 

SPR AG, a. Vigorous ; sprightly. [Local.] Mote. In Amer- 
ica, this word is, in popular language, pronounced spry, 
which is a contraction of sprigh,u\ sprightly. 

SPRAG, 77 . A young salmon. [Local.] Grose. 

SPRAIN, V. t. [probably Sw. spranga, to break or loosen.] 
To overstrain the ligaments of a joint ; to stretch the lig- 
aments so as to injure them, but without luxation or dis- 
location. 

SPRAIN, 77 . An excessive strain of the ligaments of a joint 
without dislocation. Temple. 

SPRAINED, pp. Injured by excessive straining. 

SPRAIN'ING, ppr. Injuring by excessive extension. 

SPRAINTS, 72. The. dung of an otter. Diet. 

SPRANG, pret. of spring ; but sprung is more generally 
used. 

SPRAT, 77 . [D. sprot ; G. sprotte.] A small fish. 

SPRAWL, v.i. 1. To spread and stretch the body careless- 
ly in a horizontal position ; to lie with the limbs stretched 
out or struggling. 2. To move, when lying down, with 
awkward extension and motions of the limbs ; to scrabble 
or scramble in creeping. 3. To widen or open irregular- 
ly, as a body of horse. 

SPRAWL'ING, ; 7 j 77 ’. 1. Lying with the limbs awkwardly 
stretched ; creeping with awkward motions. 2. Widen- 
ing or opening irregularly, as cavalry. 

SPRAY, 77 . [probably allied to s 27 r 7 or.j 1 . A small shoot or 
branch ; or the extremity of a branch. — 2. Among sea- 
men, the water that is driven from the top of a wave in a 
storm, which spreads and flies in small particles. 

SPREAD, 1 (spred) v. t. ; pret. and pp. spread,^ or spred. [Sax. 

SPUED, \ sprwdan, spredan ; Dan. spreder.] 1. To ex- 
tend in length and breadth, or in breadth only ; to stretch 
or expand to a broader surface. 2. To extend ; to form 
into a plate. 3. To set ; to place ; to pitch. 4. To cover 
by extending something ; to reach every part. 5. To ex- 
tend ; to shoot to a greater length in every direction, so as 
to fill or cover a wider space. G. To divulge ; to propa- 
gate ; to publish ; as news or fame ; to cause to be more 
extensively known. 7. To propagate ; to cause to affect 
greater numbers. 8. To emit ; to diffuse ; as emanations 
or effluvia. 9. To disperse ; to scatter over a larger sur- 
face. 10. To prepare ; to set and furnish with provisions. 
11. To open ; to unfold ; to unfurl ; to stretch. 

SPREAD, (spred) v.i. 1. To extend itself in length and 
breadth, in all directions, or in breadth only ; to be ex- 
tended or stretched. 2. To be extended by drawing or 
beating. 3. To be propagated or made known more ex- 
tensively. 4. To be propagated from one to another. 

SPREAD, 72 . 1. Extent; compass. 2. Expansion of parts. 

SPREAD'ER, (spred'er) n. 1. One that spreads, extends, 
expands or propagates. 2. One that divulges ; one that 
causes to be more generally known ; a publisher. 

SPREADING, ppr. 1. Extending; expanding; propagat- 
ing ; divulging ; dispersing ; diflusing. 2. a. Extending 
or extended over a large space ; wide. 

SPREAD'ING, 77 . The act of extending, dispersing or prop- 
agating. 

t SPRENT, pp. Sprinkled. [See Sprinkle.] Spenser, 

SPREY, a. Spruce. See Spruce. 

SPRIG, 77 . [W. 7 ^s 6 r 2 >.] L A small shoot or twig of a tiee 
or other plant; a spray. 2. A brad, or nail without a 
head ; [local.] 3. The representation of a small branch 
in embroidery. 4. A small eye-bolt ragged at the point. 

SPRIG, 77 . t. To mark or adorn with the representation of 
small branches ; to work with sprigs. 

SPRIG'-€RYS-TAL, n. Crystal found in the form of a hex- 
angular column, adhering to the stone. 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIILL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TII as in this, f Obsolete, 


SPR 782 SPU 


SPRIGGED, pp. Wrought with representations of small 
twigs. 

SPRIG'GING, ppr. Working with sprigs. 

SPRIG'GY, a. Full of sprigs or small branches. 

SPRlGHT, )n. [G. sj}riet7] 1. A spirit j a shade ; a soul ; 

SPRITE, ) an incorporeal agent. 2. A walking spirit ; 
an apparition, .3. Power which gives cheerfulness or 
courage ; 4. An arrow ; 

f SPRIGHT, V. t. To haunt, as a spright. Shak. 

SPRiGHT'FUL, a. Lively ; brisk ; nimble ; vigorous j gay. 

SPRTGHT'FUL-LY, adv. Briskly ; vigorously. Shak. 

SPRiGfll 'FUL-NESS, n. Briskness j liveliness; vivacity. 

SPRIG fJT'LESS, a. Destitute oflife ; dull; sluggish. 

SPRIGHT'LI-NESS, n. Liveliness ; life ; briskness ; vigor; 
activity ; gayety ; vivacity. 

SPRIGHTLY, a. Lively; brisk; animated; vigorous; 
airy; ga/. Vryden. 

SPRING, V. i. pret. sprung^ [^sprang not wholly obsolete ;] 
sprung. \pid.x. spring an •, D., G. spring en.~\ 1. 'J’o veg- 
etate and rise out of the ground ; to begin to appear; as 
vegetables. 2. To begin to grow. 3. To proceed, as 
from the seed or cause. 4. To arise ; to appear ; to begin 
to appear or exist. 5. T > break forth ; to issue into sight 
or notice. 6. To issue or proceed, as from ancestors or 
from a country. 7. To proceed, as from a cause, reason, 
principle or other original. 8. To grow ; to thrive. 9. To 
proceed or issue, as from a fountain or source. 10. To 
leap ; to bound ; to jump. 11. To fly back ; to start. 12. 
To start or rise suddenly from a covert. 13. To shoot ; to 
issue with speed and violence. 14. To bend or wind 
from a straight direction or plane surface. — To spring at, 
to leap towards ; to attempt to reach by a leap. — To spring 
in, to rush in ; to enter with a leap or in haste. — To 
spring forth, to leap out ; to rush out. — To spring on or 
upon, to leap on ; to assault. 

SPRING, V. t. 1. To start or rouse, as game ; to cause to 
rise from the earth or from a covert. 2. To produce 
quickly or unexpectedly. 3. To start ; to contrive or to 
produce or propose on a sudden ; to produce unexpected- 
ly. 4. To cause to explode. 5. To burst ; to cause to 
open. 6. To crack. 7. To cause to close suddenly, as 
the parts of a trap. 

SPRING, 11 . 1. A leap ; a bound ; a jump ; as of an animal. 
2. A flying back ; the resilience of a body recovering its 
former state by its elasticity. 3. Elastic power or force. 
4. An elastic body ; a body which, when bent or forced 
from its natural state, has the power of recovering it. 5. 
Any active power ; that by which action or motion is pro- 
duced or propagated. 6. A fountain of water; an issue 
of water from the earth, or Uie basin of water at the place 
of its issue. 7. The place where water usually issues 
from the earth, though no water is there. 8. A source ; 
that from which supplies are drawn. 9. Rise ; original. 
10. Cause ; original 11. The season of the year when 
plajits begin to vegetate and rise ; the vernal season. — 12. 
In seamen’s language, a crack in a mast or yard, running 
obliquely or transversely. 13. A rope passed out of a 
ship’s stern and attached to a cable proceeding from her 
bow, when she is at anchor. 14. A plant ; a shoot ; a 
young tree; [065.] 15. A youth ; [o&s.j 16. A hand ; a 

shoulder of pork ; [obs.] 

tSPRING'.YL, n. A youth. Spenser. 

SPRING'-BOK, n. [D. spring and bok.~\ An African animal 
of the antelope kind. Barrow. 

SPRINGE, (sprinj) n. A gin ; a noose ; which, being fasten- 
ed to an elastic body, is drawn close with a sudden spring, 
by which means it catches a bird. 

SPRINGE, V. t. To catch in a springe ; to insnare. 

SPRING'ER, 11 . 1. One who springs ; one that rouses game. 

2. A name given to the grampus. — 3. In architecture, the 
rib of a groin or concentrated vault. 

SPRING'-IIALT, n. [spring and halt.'] A kind of lameness 
in which a horse twitches up his legs. Shak. See String- 
halt. 

SPRING'-HEAD, n. A fountain or source. Herbert. 

SPRING'I-NESS, n. 1. Elasticity ; also, the power of 
springing. 2. The state of abounding with springs ; wet- 
ness ; spunginess, as of land. 

SPRINGING, ppr. Arising; shooting up; leaping; pro- 
ceeding ; rousing. 

SPRINGING, w. 1. The act or process of leaping, arising, 
issuing or proceeding. 2. Growth ; increase. Ps. Ixv.— 

3. In building, the side of an arch contiguous to the part 
on which it rests. 

t SPRIN'GLE, n. A springe ; a noose. Carew. 

SPRING'-TIDE, 11 . The tide which happens at or soon after 
the new and full moon, which rises higher than common 
tides. _ 

SPRING'-WHeAT, ??. A species of wheat to be sown in 
the spring ; so called in distinction from winter wheat. 

SPRING'Y, a. [from spring.] 1. Elastic; possessing the 
power of recovering itself when bent or twisted. 2. Hav- 
ing great elastic power. 3. Having the power to leap ; 


able to leap far. 4. Abounding with springs or fountains ; 
wet ; spungy. 

SPRIN'KLE, V. t. [Sax. sprengan ; D. sprenkelen, spren- 
gen ; G. sprengen ; Dan. sprinkler.] 1. To scatter ; to 
disperse ; as a liquid or a dry substance composed of fine, 
separable particles. 2. To scatter on ; to disperse on in 
small drops or particles ; to besprinkle. 3. To wash ; to 
cleanse ; to purify. 

SPRIN'KLE, V. i. 1. To perform the act of scattering a 
liquid or any fine substance, so that it may fall in small 
particles. 2. To rain moderately. 

SPRIN'KLE, n. A small quantity scattered ; also, a uten- 
sil for sprinkling. Spenser. 

SPRIN'KLED, pp. 1. Dispersed in small particles. 2. Hav- 
ing a liquid or a fine substance scattered over. 
SPRIN'KLER, 11 . One that sprinkles. 

SPRIN'KLING, ppr. 1. Dispersing, as a liquid or as dust. 

2. Scattering on, in fine drops or particles. 
SPRIN'KLING, n. 1. The act of scattering in small drops 
or parcels. Hall. 2. A small quantity falling in distinct 
drops or parts, or coming moderately, 
f SPRIT, r.t. [Sax. 5pr?/tta/i ,* D. spruiten.] To throw out 
with force from a narrow orifice ; to eject ; to spirt. 
SPRIT, V. i. To sprout ; to bud ; to germinate ; as barley 
steeped for malt. 

SPRri’, n. 1. A shoot ; a sprout. 2. [D. spriet.] A small 
boom, pole or spar which crosses the sail of a boat diag- 
onally from the mast to the upper aftrnost corner, which 
it is used to extend and elevate. 

SPRITE, n. A spirit. 

SPRlTE'FIJL. See Sprightful. 

SPRlTE'FUL-LY. See Sprightfully. 
SPRITE'Li-NESS. See Sprightliness. 

SPRTTE'LY. See Sprightly. 

SPRIT'-SAIL, n. I. The sail extended by a sprit. 2. A 
sail attached to a yard which hangs under the bowsprit. 
SPROD, n. A salmon in its second year. Chambers. 
t SPRONG, old pret. of spring. [Dutch.] 

SPROUT, V. i. [D. spruiten ; Sax. spryttan.] 1. To shoot, 
as the seed of a plant ; to germinate ; to push out new 
shoots. 2. To shoot into ramifications. 3. To grow, like 
shoots of plants. 

SPROUT, n. 1. The slioot of a plant; a shoot from the 
seed, or from the stump, or from the root of a plant or tree. 
2. A shoot from the end of a branch. 

SPROUTS, w. pZw. Young coleworts. Johnson. 

SPRUCE, a. Nice ; trim ; neat without elegance. 

SPRUCE, V. t. To trim ; to dress with great neatness. 
SPRUCE, V. i. To dress one’s self with affected neatness. 
SPRUCE, n. The fir-tree ; a name given to a species of 
evergreen, the pinus nigra. 

SPRuCE'-BEER, n. A kind of beer which is tinctured with 
spruce. 

SPRuCE'LY, adv. With extreme or affected neatness. 
SPRuCE'NESS, n. Neatness without taste or elegance ; 

trimness ; fineness ; quaintness. 

SPRuE, n. 1. A matter formed in the mouth in certain 
diseases. — 2. In Scotland, that which is thrown otF in 
casting metals ; scoria, 
t SPRUG, V. t. To make smart. 

SPRUNG, pret. and pp. of spring. 

t SPRUNT, V. i. To spring up ; to germinate ; to spring 
forward. 

SPRUNT, 11 . 1. Any thing short and not easily bent : [0&5.] 
2. A leap ; a spring ; [o^>5.] 3. A steep ascent in a road ; 
[local.] 

f SPRUNT, a. Active ; vigorous ; strong ; becoming strong, 
i SPRUNT'LY, adv. Vigorously ; youthfully. B. Jonson. 
SPRY, a. Having great power of leaping or running ; nim- 
ble ; active ; vigorous. [This word is in common use in 
J\Tew England, and is doubtless a contraction of 
SPUD, n. [Dan. spyd.] 1. A short knife ; [1. u.] 2. Any 
short thing ; in contempt. Swift. 3. A tool of the fork 
kind, used by farmers. 

SPUD, V. t. To dig or loosen the earth uith a spud. [I weal.] 
SPUL'LERS of yarn, n. [perhaps properly spoolers.] Per-, 
sons employed to see that it be well spun and fit for the 
loom. Diet. 

SPUME, n. [L., It. spuma.] Froth ; foam ; scum ; frothy 
matter raised on liquors or fluid substances by boiling, ef- 
fervescence or agitation. 

SPUiME, V. i. To froth ; to foam. 

SPU-MESUENCE, n. Frothiness ; the state of foaming. 
Kir wan. 

SPu'MOUS, 1 a. [L. spimews.] Consisting of froth or scum ; 
SPu'MY, I foamy. Dryden. 

SPUN, pret. and pp. of spin. 

SPUNGE, n. [L. spongia; Gr. anoyyia •, Fr. eponge ; It. 
spugna ; Sp. esponja ; Sax. spongea.] 1. A porous marine 
substance, found adhering to rocks, shells, &c. under 
water, and on rocks about the shore at low water. — 2. In 
gunnery, an instrument for cleaning cannon after a dis- 
charge.-^. In the manege, the extremity or point of a 
horse-shoe, answering to the heel. 


See Synopsis. A, E, I, 6, U, Y, long.~~-Fm, FALL, WHAT PREY' PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; 


■f Obsolete. 


SPU 


783 SQU 


SPUN6E, V. t. 1. To wipe with a wet spunge. 2. To 
wipe out with a spunge, as letters or writing. 3. To 
cleanse with a spunge. 4. To wipe out completely ; to 
extinguish or destroy. 

SPUNOE, v.i. J. To suck in or imbibe, as a spunge. 2. 

To gain by mean arts, by intrusion or hanging on. 
SPUNCED, pp. Wiped with a spunge ; wiped out. 
SPUNO'ER, n. One who uses a spunge ; a hanger on. 
SPUNO'I-FORM, a. [spunge and form.] Resembling a 
spunge j soft and porous ; porous. 

SPUNOir'I-NESS, n. The quality or state of being spungy, 
or porous like spunge. Harvey. 

SPUNO'ING-HOUSE, n. A bailiff’s house to put debtors in. 
SPUN(j'I-OUS, a. Full of small cavities, like a spunge. 
SPUNG'Y, a. 1. Soft and full of cavities ; of an open, 
loose, pliable texture. 2. Full of small cavities. 3. Wet j 
drenched ; soaked and soft, like spunge. 4. Having the 
quality of imbibing fluids. 

SPUN^-HaY, n. Hay twisted into ropes for convenient car- 
riage on a military expedition. 

SPUNK, n. [probably from pu7t/i'.] 1. Touchwood; wood 
that readily takes fire. — 2. Vulgarly, an inflammable 
temper ; spirit ; as, a man of spunk ; [low.] 

SPUNK'Y, a. Spirited ; a low colloquial word derived from 
spunk. 

SPUN'-YaRN, n. Among seamen, a line or cord formed of 
two or three rope-yarns twisted. 

SPUR, n. [Sax. spur ,* D. spoor.] 1. An instrument having 
a rowel or little wheel with sharp points, worn on horse- 
men’s heels, to prick the horses for hastening their pace. 
2. Incitement ; instigation. 3. Tlie largest or principal 
root of a tree ; hence, perhaps, the short wooden buttress 
of a post. 4. The hard, pointed projection on a cock’s 
leg, which serves as an instrument of defense and annoy- 
ance. 5. Something that projects ; a snag.— 6. In Amer- 
ica, a mountain that shoots from any other mountain or 
range of mountains. 7. That which excites. 8. A sea 
swallow. 9. The hinder part of the nectary in certain 
flowers, shaped like a cock’s spur. Martyn. 10. [Fr. er- 
got.] A morbid shoot or excrescence in grain, particularly 
in rye. — 11. In old fortifications , a wall that crosses a part 
of the rampart and joins upon the town wall. 

SPUR, V. t. [Ir. sporam.] 1. fl’o prick with spurs ; to in- 
cite to a more hasty pace. 2. To incite ; to instigate ; to 
urge or encourage to action, or to a more vigorous pursuit 
of an object. 3. To impel ; to drive. 4. To put spurs 
on. 

SPUR, V. i. 1. To travel with great expedition ; [unusual.] 
2. To press forward. Grew. 

SPUR'GALL, V. t. To gall or wound with a spur. Shak. 
SPUR'GALL, n. A place galled or excoriated by much using 
of the spur. 

SPUR^GALLED, pjj. Galled or hurt by a spur. Pope. 
SPURGE , n. ,[Fr. epurge ; It. spur go.] A plant. 
SPURGE'-FLAX, 71. A plant. [L. thymelcea.] 
SPURGE^-LAIJ-REL, n. The daphne laureola, a shrub. 
SPURGE'-OL-iVE, n. Mezereon, a shrub of the genus 
daphne. 

SPURGE'-WoRT, n. A plant. [L. xiphion.] 
fSPURG'ING, for purging. B. Jojison. 

SPu'llI-OUS, a. [L. sp7i7'ius.] 1. Not genuine ; not pro- 
ceeding from the true source, or from the source pretend- 
ed ; counterfeit ; false; adulterate. 2. Not legitimate; 
bastard. 

SPu'Rl-OUS-LY, adv. Counterfeitly ; falsely. 
SPu'Rl-OUS-NESS, n. 1. The state or quality of being 
counterfeit, false or not genuine. 2. Illegitimacy ; the 
state of being bastard, or not of legitimate birth. 
SPUR'LING, n._ A small sea-fish. 

SPUR'LING-LlNE, n. Among seamen, the line which 
forms the communication between the wheel and the 
tell-tale. 

SPURN, V. t. [Sax. spurnan ; L. sperno.] 1. To kick ; to 
drive back or away, as with the foot. Shak. 2. To reject 
with disdain ; to scorn to receive or accept. 3. To treat 
with contempt. 

SPURN, V. i. 1. To manifest disdain in rejecting any thing. 
2. To make contemptuous opposition ; to manifest disdain 
in resistance. 3. I’o kick or toss up the heels. 

SPURN, 71. Di.sdainful rejection ; contemptuous treatment. 
SPURNED, pp. Rejected with disdain. 

SPURN'ER, n. One who spurns. 

SPURN'EY, n. A plant. Diet. 

SPURN'ING, ppr. Rejecting with contempt. 
SPURN'-WA-TER, n. In ships, a channel at the end of a 
deck to restrain the water. 

SPURRE, 71. A name of the sea-swallow. 

SPURRED, pp. 1. Furnished with spurs. 2. a. Wearing 
spurs, or having shoots like spurs. 

SPUIURER, 71. One who uses spurs. 

SPUR'Rl-ER, 71. One whose occupation is to make spurs. 
SPUR'-ROY-AL, n. A gold coin first made in the reign 
of Edward IV. Sometimes written spiir-rial or ryal. 
Beaumont. 


SPUR/RY, n. A plant of the genus spergula, 

SPURT, V. t. [Sw. spruta.] I’o throw out, as a liquid in a 
stream ; to drive or force out with violence, as a liquid 
from a pipe or small orifice. 

SPURT, v.i. To gush or issue out in a stream, as liquor 
from a cask ; to rush from a confined place in a small 
stream. 

SPUR 1 , 71. 1. A sudden or violent ejection or gushing of a 
liquid substance from a tu4)e, orifice or other confined 
place ; a jet. 2. A sudden or short occasion or exigenev ; 
sudden eflbrt ; [vulgar.] 

SPUR‘'TLE, V. t. To shoot in a scattering manner. [L. u.] 
SPUR'WaY, n. A horse-path; a narrow way; a bridle- 
road ; a way for a single beast. [Little used.] 
t SPU-Ta'TION, n. [L. sputo.] 7'he act of spitting, 
f SPU'TA-TiVE, a. Spitting much ; inclined to spit. 
SPUT'TER, V. i. [D. spuiten ; Sw. spotta ; L. sputo.] 1. To 
spit, or to emit saliva from the mouth in small or scattered 
portions, as in rapid speaking. 2. To throw out moisture 
in small detached parts. 3. To fly off in small particles 
with some crackling or noise. 4. To utter words hastily 
and indistinctly. 

SPUT'TER, V. t. To throw out with haste and noise; to 
utter with indistinctness. Swift. 

SPUT'TER, 71. Moist matter thrown out in small particles. 
SPUT'TERED, pp. Thrown out in small portions, as 
liquids ; uttered with haste and indistinctness. 
SPUT'TER-ER, 7i. One that sputters. 

SPUT'TER-ING, ppr. Emitting in small particles; uttering 
rapidly and indistinctly ; speaking hastily. 

SPY, 71. [It. spia Fr. espio7i ; Sp. espia.] J. A person sent 
into an enemy’s camp to gain intelligence to be commu- 
nicated secretly to the proper officer. 2. A person deputed 
to watch the conduct of others. 3. One who watches the 
conduct of others 

SPY, V. t. 1. To see; to gain sight of ; to discover at a dis- 
tance, or in a state of concealment. 2. To discover by 
close search or examination. 3. To explore ; to view, in- 
spect and examine secretly 
SPY, V. i. I’o search narrowly ; to scrutinize. 

SPY'-BoAT, n. [sp?j and boat.] A boat sent to make dis- 
coveries and bring intelligence. Arbutlmot. 

SPY'- GLASS, n. I he popular name of a small telescope, 
useful in viewing distant objects. 

SQUAB, a. 1. Fat ; thick ; plump ; bulky. Betterton. 2. 

Unfledged ; unfeathered ; as, a squab pigeon. Kmg. 
SQUAB, 77. 1. A young pigeon or dove. [This '‘cord is in 
common use in America.] 2. A kind of sofa or couch ; a 
slutted cushion. 

t SQUAB, ac/y. Striking at once ; with a heavy fall ; plump, 
t SQUAB, V. i. To fall plump; to strike at one dash, or 
with a heavy stroke. 

SQUAB'BISH, or SQUAB'BY, a. Thick ; fat; heavy. Har- 
vey. 

SQUAB'BLE, v. i. 1. To contend for superiority ; to scuf- 
fle ; to struggle. 2. To contend ; to wrangle ; to quarrel. 
3. To debate peevishly ; to dispute. 

SQUAB'BLE, 7i. A scuffle ; a wrangle ; a brawl; a petty 
quarrel. Arbutlmot. 

SQUAB'BLEK, 7i. A contentious person ; a brawler. 
SQUAB'BLING, pp?-. Scuffling; contending; wrangling. 
SQUAB'-PlE, ??. A pie made of squabs or young pigeons. 
SQUAD, 71. [Fr. escouade.] A company of armed men ; a 
party learning military exercise ; any small party. 
SQUAD'RON, 7?. [Yx. escadro7f, H. squadra.] 1. Initsp7*i- 
7nary sense, a square or square form ; and hence, a square 
body of troops ; a body drawn up in a square. 2. A body 
of troops, infantry or cavalry, indefinite in number. 3. 
A division of a fleet ; a detachment of ships of war, em- 
ployed on a particular expedition ; or one third part of a 
naval armament. 

SQUAD'ROiNED, a. Formed into squadrons. Milton. 
SQUAL'ID, a. [L. squalidus.] Foul ; filthy ; extremely 
dirty. 

SQUAL'ID-NESS, ??. Foulness ; filthiness. 

SQUALL, v.i. [Sw. sqvala.] To cry out ; to scream or 
cry violently ; as a woman frightened, or a child in anger 
or distress. 

SQUALL, n. 1. A loud scream ; a harsh cry. Pope. 2. 

[Sw. sqval.] A sudden gust of violent wind. Mar. Diet, 
SQUALL'ER, 7t. A screamer ; one that cries loud. 
SQUALL'ING, ppr. Crying out hai*shly ; screaming. 
SQUALL'Y, a. 1. Abounding with squalls ; disturbed often 
with sudden and violent gusts of wind. — 2. In agriculture, 
broken into detached pieces ; interrupted by unproductive 
spots; [local.] 

SQUA'LOR, 7 ?. [L.] Foulness; filthiness; coarseness. 
SQUAM'I-FORM, a. [L. squama, and form.] Having the 
form or shape of scales. 

SQUA-MIG'ER-OUS, a. [L. squamiger.] Bearing scales. 
SQUa'MOUS, a. [L. squa77iosus.] Scaly; covered with 
scales. Woodioard. 

SQUAN'DER, 7 ?. L [G.verschwenden.] 1. To spend lavishly 
or profusely ; to spend prodigally ; to dissipate ; to waste 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE B[JLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete . 


SQU 784 STA 


without economy or judgment. 2. To scatter j to dis- 
perse I [c 65.] 

SQ.UAN'DERED, pp. Spent lavishly and without necessi- 
ty or use ; wasted ; dissipated, as property. 

SQ,UAN'DER-EK, n. wlio spends his money prodi- 
gally, without necessity or use j a spendthrift j a prodigal ; 
a waster ; a lavisher. 

SQUAN'DER-ING, ppr. Spending lavishly ; wasting. 

SQUARE, a. [W. cw&r ; Fr. carre, qvu7're.] 1. Having 
four equal sides and four right angles. 2. Forming a 
right angle. 3. Parallel; exactly suitable ; true. 4. Hav- 
ing a straight front, or a frame formed with straight 
lines; not curving. 5. That does equal justice; exact; 
fair ; honest. 6. Even ; leaving no balance. — Square 
root, in geometry and arithmetic. The square root of a 
quantity or number is that which, multiplied by itself, pro- 
duces the square. 

SQUARE, n. 1. A figure having four equal sides and four 
^ right angles. 2. An area of four sides, with houses on 
each side. 3. The content of the side of a figure squared. 

4. An instrument among viechanics, by which they form 

right angles, or otherwise measure angles. — 5. In geovie- 
try and arithmetic^ a square, or square number, is the prod- 
uct of a number multiplied by itself. 6. Rule ; regulari- 
ty ; exact proportion ; justness of workmanship and con- 
duct ; [o6s.] 7. A square body of troops ; a squadron ; 

[o6s.] 8. A quaternion ; four ; [o&s.] 9. Level ; equality. 

— 10. In ast.ry/offy, quartile ; the position of planets dis- 
tant ninety degrees from each other ; [oZ».s.] 11. Rule ; 

conformity ; accord. 

SQUARE, V. t. [Fr. equarrir.] 1. To form with four equal 
sides and four right angles. 2. To reduce to a square ; to 
form to right angles. 3. To reduce to any given measure or 
standard. 4. To adjust ; to regulate ; to mold ; to shape. 

5. To accommodate ; to fit. C. To respect in quartile. 7. 
To make even, so as to leave no ditference or balance. — 
8. In arithmetic, to multi])ly a number by itself. — 9. In 
seameiFs language, to square the yards, is to place them at 
right angles with the mast or keel. 

SQUARE,?;.!. 1. To suit ; to fit; to quadrate ; to accord 
or agree. 2. To quarrel ; to go to opposite sides ; 

fSQUARE'LY, ado. Suitably ; in conformity. 

SQUARE'NESS, n. The state of being square. 

SQUARE'-RIGGED, a. In seamen’s Za7!^ua^c, a vessel is 
square-rigged when her principal sails are extended by 
yards suspended by the middle, and not by stays, gaffs, 
booms and lateen yards. 

SQUARE'-SaIL, n. In seameiFs language, a sail extended 
to a yard suspended by the middle. JUar. Diet. 

SQUAR'ISH, a. Nearly square. Pennant. 

SQUAR'ROUS, a. In botany, scurfy or ragged, or full of 
scales ; rough ; jagged. 

SQUASH, ?;. t. [from the root of quash; L. quasso ; Fr. 
casser.] To crush ; to beat or press into pulp or a flat 
mass. 

SQUASH, 71. 1. Something soft and easily crushed. Shah. 

2. [qu. Gr. aaevo^.] A plant of the genus C7icurbita, and 
its fruit ; a culinary vegetable. 3. Something unripe or 
soft ; in contempt. 4. A sudden fall of a heavy, soft body. 
5. A shock of soft bodies. 

SQUAT, v.i. [W . ysjcatiaw ; It. quatto.l 1. To sit down 
upon the hams or heels ; as a human being. 2. To sit 
close to the ground ; to cower ; as an animal. — 3. In the 
United States, to settle on another’s land without pretense 
of title. 

t SQUAT, V. t. To bruise or make flat by a fall. Barret. 

SQUAT, a. 1. Sitting on the hams or heels ; sitting close 
to the ground; cowering. 2. Short and thick, like the 
figure of an animal squatting. 

SQUAT, 71. 1. The posture of one that sits on his hams, or 
close to the ground. 2. A sudden or crushing fall ; [065.] 

3. A sort of mineral. 

SQUATT, ??. Among 7niners, a bed of ore extending but a 
little distance. 

SQUAT TER, n. 1. One that squats or sits close. — 2. In 
the United States, one that settles on new land without 
a title. 

SQUF-AK, i. [Sw. sqvaka ; G. quieken.] 1. To utter a 
sharp, shrill cry, usually of short duration ; to cry with 
an acute tone, as an animal ; or to make a sharp noise, as 
a pipe or quill, a wheel, a door and the like. 2. To break 
silence or secrecy for fear or pain ; to speak. 

SQUf.-AK, n. A sharp, shrill sound suddenly uttered. , 

SQUfAK'ER, n. One that utters a sharp, shrill sound. 

SQUi^AKflNG, ppr. Crying with a sharp voice ; making a 
sharp sound ; as, a squeaking wheel. 

SQUEAL, V. i. [This is only a different orthography of 
squall.] To cry with a sharp, shrill voice. It is used of 
animals only, and chiefly of swine. 

SQU E AL'ING, ppr Uttering a sharp, shrill sound or voice. 

SQUeAM ISH, a. Nice to excess in taste ; fastidious ; eas- 
ily disgusted ; apt to be offended at trifling improprieties ; 
scrupulous. 


SQUeAM'ISH-LY, adv. In a fastidious manner ; with too 
much niceness. 

SQUeAM'ISH-NESS, 71. Excessive niceness; vicious del- 
icacy of taste ; fastidiousness ; excessive scrupulous- 
ness ._ 

f SQUeAS'I-NESS, V. Nausea. See Queasiness. 
f SQUeAS'Y, a. Queasy; nice; squeamish; scrupulous. 
SQUEEZE, V. t. [Arm. quasqu, goasca.] I. To press be- 
tween two bodies ; to press closely. 2. To oppress with 
hardships, burdens and taxes ; to harass ; to crush. 3. To 
hug ; to embrace closely. 4. To force between close bod- 
ies ; to compel or cause to pass. 

SQUEEZE, V. i. 1. To press ; to urge one’s way ; to pass 
by pressing. 2. To crowd. 

SQUEEZE, 71. 1. Pressure; compression between bodies. 

Phillips. 2. A close hug or embrace. 

SQUEEZED, pp. Pressed between bodies ; compressed ; 
oppressed. 

SQUEEZING, ppr. Pressing; compressing; crowding; 
oppressing. 

SQUEEZ'ING, n. 1. Tlie act of pressing; compression ; 
oppression. 2. That which is forced out by pressure : 
dregs. ’ 

t SQUELCH, or f SQUELSH, v. t. To crush. [j3 lo 7 Dioord.] 
t SQUELCH, 7j. A heavy fall. [Low.] Hudibras. 

SQUIB, n. 1. A little pipe or hollow cylinder of paper, 
filled with powder or combustible matter and sent into 
the air, burning and bursting with a crack ; a cracker. 2. 
A sarcastic speech or little censorious writing published ; 
a petty lampoon. 3. A pretty fellow; [oZ>s.] 

SQUIB, V. i. To throw squibs ; to utter sarcastic or severe 
reflections ; to contend in petty dispute. 

SQUIlPBING, ppr. Throwing squibs or severe reflections. 
SQUIB'BING, 7i. The act of throwing squ'* ' severe re- 
flections. p 

SQUIG'GLE, or SQUIRM,?;, i. To move i...^ut'like an eel. 
These syno7iymo7is words are used in New Ejigland in I 070 
or familiar conversatio7i. The latter is a provincial word in 
England. Pick. Vocab. 

SQUILL, n. [Fr. squille ; L. squilla.] 1. A plant of the ge- 
nus scilla. 2. A fish, or rather a crustaceous animal. 3. 
An insect. 

t SQUIN'AN-CY, 71. [Fr. sq7nnancie.] The quinsy. 
SQUINT, a. [D. schuin, schuinte.] 1. Looking obliquely ; 
having the optic axes directed to different objects. 2. 
Looking with suspicion. 

SQUINT, 71. i. 1. To see obliquely. 2. To have tl»e axes 
of the eyes directed to different objects. 3. To slope ; to 
deviate from a true line ; to run obliquely. 

SQUINT, ?’. t. 1. To turn the eye to an oblique position ; 
to look indirectly. 2. To form the eye to oblique vis- 
ion. 

SQUINT'-EYED, a. ]. Having eyes that squint; having 
oblique vision. 2. Oblique ; indirect ; malignant. 3. 
Looking obljquel}'^ or by side glances. 

SQUIN-TI-Fe'GO, a. Squinting. [Ji cant 7C07'd.] Dr 7 jden. 
SQUINT'ING, ;;pr. Seeing or looking obliquely. 
SQUINT'ING, 71. The act or habit of looking obliquely. 
SQUINT'ING-LY, ado. With an oblique look ; by side 
glances. 

SQUIN'Y, v.i. To look squint. [Jl ca7itword.] Shak. 
t SQUiR, V. t. To throw ; to thrust ; to drive. Tatlcr. 
SQUIRE, 71. [a popular contraction of e^nquire. See Es- 
quire.] 1. In Great Britain, the ti*!e of a gentleman 
next in rank to a knight. — 2. In Great Britain, an attend- 
ant on a noble warrior. Pope. 3. An attemlant at court. 
Shak . — 4. In the U7iited States, the title of magistrates and 
lawyers. — In J\Tcw England, it is particularly given to jus- 
tices of the peace and judges. 5. The title customarily 
given to gentlemen. 

SQUIRE, V. t. 1. To attend as a squire. — 2. In colloquial 
language, to attend as a beau or gallant for aid and pro- 
tection. 

SQUIRF/HOOD, or SQUIRE'SHIP, n. The rank and state 
of a squire. Shelton. 

SQUTRE'LY, a. Becoming a squire. Shelton. 

SQUIR'REL, (squer rel) 7i. [Fr. ecureuil.] A small quad- 
ruped of the genus sciurus, order of glires, and class mam- 
malia. 

SQUIR'REL HUNT, 7i. In .America, the hunting and 
shooting of squirrels by a company of men. 

SQUIRT, V. t. To eject or drive out of a narrow pipe or ori- 
fice, in a stream. 

t SQUiRT, i. To throw out words ; to let fly. 

SQUIRT, 71. 1. An instrument with which a liquid is 
ejected in a stream with force. 2. A small, quick stream. 
SQUIRT'ER, n. One that squirts. [ Vxdgar.] 

STAB, ?'. t. 1. To pierce with a pointed weapon. 2. To 
wound mischievously or mortally ; to kill by the thrust of 
a pointed instrument. 3. To injure secretly or by mali- 
cious falsehood or slander. 

STAB, V. i. 1. To give a wound with a pointed weapon. 2. 
To give a mortal wound. 

STAB, n. 1. The thrust of a pointed weapon. 2. A wound 


^ See Synopsis, A, E, T, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — | Obsolete. 


STA 


785 


STA 


with a sharp-pointed weapon. 3. An injury given in the 
dark ; a sly mischief. 

STABBED, pp. Pierced with a pointed weapon; killed 
with a spear or other pointed instrument. 

STAB'BER, n. One that stabs ; a privy murderer. 

STAB'BING, ppr. Piercing with a pointed weapon. 

STAB BING, n. The act of piercing with a pointed weapon ; 
the act of w'ounding or killing with a pointed instru- 
ment. 

I STAB'BING-LY, adn. With intent to do a dark injury ; 
maliciously. Bp. Parker. 

STA-BIL'I-MENT, n. [L. stahilimeiitum.'] Act of making 
firm ; firm support. Derhain. 

t STA-BIL'I-TATE, v. t. To make stable ; to establish. 

STA-BIL'I-TY, 11 , [L. staMZita.?.] 1. Steadiness; stable- 
ness ; firmness ; strength to stand without being moved 
or overthrown. 2. Steadiness or firmness of character ; 
firmness of resolution or purpose. 3. Fixedness. 

STa'BLE, a. [^. stabilis ¥r. stable •, It. sZtt&ZZe.] 1. Fix- 
ed ; firmly established ; not to be easily moved, shaken 
or overthrown. 2. Steady in purpose ; constant ; firm in 
resolution ; not easily diverted from a purpose ; not fickle 
or wavering. 3. Fixed ; steady ; firm ; not easily sur- 
rendered or abandoned. 4. Durable ; not subject to be 
overthrown or changed. 

t STa'BLE, V. t. To fix ; to establish. 

STa'BLE,?{. [L. stabidum.'\ A house or shed for beasts to 
lodge and feed in. 

STa'BLE, V. t. To put or keep in a stable. 

STa'BLE, V. i. To dwell or lodge in a stable ; to dwell in 
an inclosed place ; to kennel. Milton. 

STa'BLE-BOY, or STA'BLE-MAN, n. A boy or a man 
who attp’^ds at a stable. Swift. 

STa'BI ^ Put or kept in a stable. 

STa'BL. p, , n. 1. Fixedness ; firmness of position or 
establishment; strength to stand; stability. 2. Steadi- 
ness ; constancy ; firmness of purpose ; stability. 

STa'BLE-STAND, n. In English law, wlien a man is found 
at his standing in the forest with a cross bow bent, ready 
to shoot at a deer, or with a long bow ; or standing close 
by a tree with greyhounds in a leash ready to slip. This 
is one of the four presumptions that a man intends steal- 
ing the king’s deer. 

STa'BLING, ppr. Putting or keeping in a stable. 

STa'BLING, 71. 1. The act of keeping cattle in a stable. 2. 
A house, shed or room for keeping horses and cattle. 

f ST ABOLISH, V. t. [L. stabilio j Fr. etablir.] To fix ; to set- 
tle in a state for permanence ; to make firm. 

STa'BLY, adv. Firmly ; fixedly ; steadily. 

t STAB'U-LA-TION, n. Act of housing beasts. Cockcram. 

STACK, 71. [W. ystac, ystaca ; Dan. stak ; Sw. stack.] 1. 
A large conical pile of hay, grain or straw, sometimes cov- 
ered with thatch. 2. A number of funnels or chiomeys 
standing together. 

STACK, V. t. 1. To lay in a conical or other pile ; to 
make into a large pile. — 2. In England, to pile wood, 
poles, &,c. 

STACKED, pp. Piled in a large conical heap. 

STACK'ING, ppr. Laying in a large conical heap. 

STACK'ING-BAND, ) n. A band or rope used in binding 

STACK'ING-BELT, f thatch or straw upon a stack. 

STACK'ING-STAGE, n. A stage used in building stacks. 

STyVCK'YARD, n. A yard for stacks of hay. 

STAC'TE, 11 . [L. stacte j Gr. craKry.] A fatty, resinous, 
liquid matter, of the nature of liquid myrrh, very odorif- 
erous, and highly valued. 

STAD'DLE, 11 . [D. stutiel.] 1. Any thing which serves 
for support ; a staff ; a crutch ; the frame or support of a 
stack of hay or grain. England . — 2. In J\Tew England, tx 
small tree of any kind, particularly a forest tree. 

STAD'DLE, V. t. To leave staddles when a wood is cut. 

STAD'DLE-ROOF, ii. The roof or covering of a stack. 

STADE, 77 .. [L. stadium.] A furlong. Donne. 

STa'DI-UM, 11 . [L.l 1. A Greek measure of 125 geo- 
metrical paces ; a furlong. 2. The course or career of a 
race. 

STADTdIoLD-ER, (stat'hold-er) t?. [D. stadt and houder.] 
Formerly, the chief magistrate of the United Provinces of 
Holland’; or tlie governor or lieutenant governor of a 
province. 

STADT^HoLD-ER-ATE, t?. The office of a stadtholder. 

STAFF, 71 . ; plu. Staves. [Sax. stwf ; D. staf.] 1. A stick 
carried in the hand for support or defense by a person 
walking ; hence, a support ; that which props or upholds. 
2. A stick or club used as a weapon. 3. A long piece of 
wood ; a stick ; the long handle of an instrument ; a pole 
or stick, used for many purposes. 4. The five lines and 
the spaces on which music is written. 5. An ensign of 
authority ; a badge of office. 6. The round of a ladder. 
7. A pole erected in a ship to hoist and display a flag ; 
called a flag-sZa#.— 8. [Fr. estafctte.] In military affairs, 
an establishment of officers in various departments, at- 
tached to an army, or to the commander of an army. 9. 


[Ice. Stef.] A stanza. — 10. Stave and staves, plu. of staff. 
See Stave. 

f STAFF'ISH, a. Stiff; harsh. Jischam. 

STAFF'-TREE, ii. A sort of evergreen privet. 

STAG, 11 . 1. The male red deer ; the male of the hind. 2. 
A colt or filly; also, a romping girl; [local.] Grose. — 
3. In JVew England, the male of the common ox cas- 
trated. 

STAG'-BEE-TLE, 71. A species of insect. 

STAGE, 77. [Fr. etagc.] 1. Properly, one step or degree of 
elevation. 2. A floor or platform of any kind elevated 
above the ground or common surface, as for an exhibition 
of something to public view. 3. The floor on which the- 
atrical performances are exhibited. 4. The theatre ; the 
place of scenic entertainments. Pope. 5. 'rheatrical rep- 
resentations. 6. A place where any thing is publicly ex- 
hibited. 7. Place of action or performance. 8. A place 
of rest on a journey, or where a relay of horses is taken. 

9. The distance between two places of rest on a road. 

10. A single step ; degree of advance ; degree of progres- 
sion. 11. [Instead of stage-coach, or stage-icagon.] A 
coach or other carriage running regularly from one place 
to another for the conveyance of passengers. Swift. 

t STAGE, t. To exhibit publicly. Shak. 

STaGE'UoACH, 77. A coach that runs by stages ; or a conch 
that runs regularly every day or on stated days, for the 
conveyance of passengers. Addison. 

STAGEtLY, a. Pertaining to a stage ; becoming the thea- 
tre. [TAttle used.] Taylor. 

STaGE^-PLAY, 11 . Theatrical entertainment. 

STaGE'-PLaY-ER, 11 . An actor on the stage ; one whose 
occupation is to represent characters on the stage. 

STaG'ER, IX. ]. A player; [Z. 77.] 2. One that has long 

acted on the stage of life ; a practitioner ; a person of cun- 
ning. Dryden. 

fSTA GER-Y, 77. Exhibition on the stage. .Milton. 

STAG'-E-VIL, 77. A disease in horses. Diet. 

STAG'GARD, n. A stag of four years of age. 

STAG'GER, V. i. [D. staggeren.] 1. To reel ; to vacillate ; 
to move to one side and the other in standing or walking ; 
not to stand or walk with steadiness. 2. To fail ; to 
cease to stand firm ; to begin to give way. 3. To hesi- 
tate ; to begin to doubt and waver in purpose ; to become 
less confident or determined. 

STAG'GER, V. t. 1. To cause to reel. 2. To cause to 
doubt and \vaver; to make to hesitate ; to make less 
steady or confident ; to shock. 

STAG'GERED, pp. Made to reel ; made to doubt. 

STAG'GER-ING, pjir. Causing to real or to w'aver. 

STAG'GER-ING, n. 1. The act of reeling. Arbuthnot. 2. 
The cause of staggering. 

STAG'GER-ING-LY, adv. 1. In a reeling manner. 2. 
With hesitation or doubt. 

STAG'GERS, 11 . plu. 1. A disease of horses and cattle, at- 
tended vvitli giddiness ; also, a disease of sheep. 2. Mad- 
ness ; wild, irregular conduct ; [oZ>5.] Shak. 

STAG'GER-WGRT, 11 . A plant, ragwort. 

STa'GING, 77 . Used in the United States for scaffolding. 
Pick. Vocab. 

STAG'NAN-CY, n. The state of being without motion, flow 
or circulation, as in a fluid. 

STAGNANT, a. [L. 5Za^77a/?5.] 1. Not flowing ; not run- 

ning in a current or stream. 2. Motionless; still; not 
agitated. 3. Not active ; dull; not brisk. 

STAG'NATE, v. i. [L. stagno ; It. stagnare.] 1. To cease 
to flow ; to be motionless. 2. To cease to move ; not to 
be agitated. 3. To cease to be brisk or active ; to become 
dull. 

STAG-Na'TION, 77 . 1. The cessation of flowing or circula- 
tion of a fluid ; or the state of being without flow or cir- 
culation ; the state of being motionless. 2. The cessa- 
tion of action or of brisk action ; the state of being dull. 

STAG'-WoRM, 77. An insect that is troublesome to deer. 

STAG'YR-ITE, n. An appellation given to Aristotle from 
the place of his birth. 

STAID, pref. and pp. of stay ; so w^ritten for stayed. 2. a. 
[from stay.] Sober ; grave ; steady ; composed ; regular ; 
not wild, volatile, flighty or fanciful. 

STAID'NESS, 77. Sobriety ; gravity ; steadiness ; regular- 

itV- .. . X. 

STAIN, v.t. [W. ystaeiiiaw, ystaen.] L To discolor by 
the application of foreign matter; to make foul ; to spot. 
2. To dye ; to tinge with a different color. 3. To impress 
with figures, in colors different from the ground. 4. lo 
blot ; to soil ; to spot with guilt or infamy ; to tarnish ; to 

bring reproach on. „ ^ • 

STAIN, 77. I. A spot; discoloration from foreign matter. 
2. A natural spot of a color different from the ground. 3. 
Taint of guilt ; tarnish ; disgrace ; reproach. 4. Cause ol 


reproach ; shame. • 1 1 

STAINED, pp. Discolored ; spotted ; dyed ; tarmshed. 
STAIN'ER, 77. 1. One who stains, blots or tarnishes. 2. A 

STAIN'ING, ppr. Discoloring; spotting; tarnishing. 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 

50 


STA 


786 


STA 


STaIN'LESS, a. 1. Free from stains or spots. Sidney. 2. 
Free from the reproach of guilt j free from sin. S/ialc. 

STAIR, n. [D. Steiger; Sax. stceger ; Ir. staighre.'] 1. A 
step ; a stone or a frame of boards or planks by which a 
person rises one step. — 2. Stairs, in the -plural, a series 
of steps by which persons ascend to a higher room in a 
building. 

STAIR'-CASE, 71. [stair and case.'l The part of a building 
wnich contains the stairs. 

STAKE, n. [Sax. stac ; D. staak', S\v. stake.] 1. A small 
piece of wood or timber, sharpened at one end and set in 
the ground, or prepared for setting, as a support to some- 
thing. 2. A piece of long, rough wood. 3. A palisade, 
or something resembling it. 4. The piece of timber to 
which a martyr is fastened when he is to be burnt. — 5. 
Figuratively, martyrdom. 6 . That which is pledged or 
wagered. 7. The state of being laid or pledged as a 
wager. 8 . A small anvil to straighten cold work, or to 
rut and punch upon. 

STAKE, V. t. 1. To fasten, support or defend with stakes. 
2. To mark the limits by stakes. 3. To wager 3 to pledge ; 
to put at hazard upon the issue of competition, or upon a 
future contingency. 4. To point or sharpen stakes. 5. 
3’o pierce with a stake. 

STAKED, pp. Fastened or supported by stakes; set or 
marked with stakes; wagered ; put at hazard. 

STA KE'-IIEAD, 7 j. In rope-rnaking, a stake with wooden 
pins in the upper side to keep the strands apart. 

STAK'ING, ppr. 1. Supporting with stakes ; marking with 
stakes; putting at hazard. 2. Sharpening. 

STA-LA€'3'I€, ) a. [from stalactite.] Pertaining to 

STA-LA€'TI-€AL, | stalactite ; resembling an icicle. 
Kirwan. 

STA-LA€'TI-FORM,or STA-LA€-TIT'I-FORM, a. Like 
stalactite ; resembling an icicle. Phillips. 

STA-LA€'TTTE, n. [Gr. ara^aKTog.] A subvariety of car- 
bonate of lime, usually in a conical or cylindrical form, 
pendent from the roofs and sidesof caverns like an icicle; 
produced by the filtration of water containing calcarious 
{)articles, through fissures and pores of rocks. 

STA-LAG-TIT'IG, a. In the form of stalactite, or pendent 
substances like icicles. Kirwan. 

STA-LAG'JMITE, 77 . [lu. stalagmium.] A deposit of earthy 
or calcarious matter, formed by drops on the floors of cav- 
erns. 

STA-L AG-MITTG, a. Having the form of stalagmite. 

STA-TiAG-MIT'I-CAL-LY, ady. In the form or manner of 
stalagmite. Buckland. 

STAL'DER, n. A wooden frame to set casks on. 

STALE, a. 1. Vapid or tasteless from age ; having lost its 
life, spirit and flavor from being long kept. 2. Having 
Iftst the life or graces of youth ; worn out ; decayed. 3. 
Worn out by use ; trite ; common ; having lost its novel- 
ty and power of pleasing. 

STALE, 77. 1. Something set or offered to view as an al- 
lurement to draw others to any place or purpose ; a de- 
coy ; a stool-fowl ; [ 06 s.] 2. A prostitute ; [ 06 s.] 3. Old, 
vapid beer ; [ 0 & 5 .] 4. [Sax. stel, stele.] A long handle. 

5. A word applied to the king in chess when stalled or 
set. 

STALE, -V. t. To make vapid or useless ; to destroy the 
life, beauty or use of ; to wear out. Shak. 

STALE, V. i. [G. stallen ; Dan. staller.] To make water ; 
to discharge urine ; as horses and cattle. 

STALE, 77 . Urine; used of horses and cattle. 

I STALE'LY, adv. Of old ; of a long time. B. Jonson. 

STALE'NESS, 77. 1. The state of being stale ; vapidness ; 
the state of having lost the life or flavor ; oldness. 2. The 
state of being worn out; triteness ; commonness. 

STALK, (stawk) ??. [Sw.stielk; I), steel.] 1. The stem, 
culm or main body of an herbaceous [dant. The stalk of 
herbaceous plants answers to the stem of shrubs and trees, 
and denotes that whicli is set, the fixed part of a plant, its 
su})port ; or it is a shoot. 2. The pedicle of a flower, or 
the peduncle that supports the fructification of a plant. 3. 
The stem of a quill. 

STALK, (stawk) v. i. [Sax. .stwlcan.] 1. To walk with 
high and proud steps ; usually implying the affectation of 
dignity. 2. It is used with some insinuation of contempt 
or abhorrence. 3. To walk behind a stalking horse or be- 
hind a cover. 

STAIjK, n. A high, proud, stately step or walk. Spenser. 

STALKED, a. Having a stalk. 

STALK^ER, (stawk'er) n. One who walks with a proud 
step ; also, a kind of fishing-net. 

STATjKTNG, ppr. Walking with proud or lofty steps. 

STALKTXG-HORSE, n. A horse, real or factitious, be- 
hind which a fowler conceals himself from the sight of 
the game which he is aiming to kill; hence, a mask ; a 
pretense. 

STALK'Y, a. Hard as a stalk ; resembling a stalk. 

STALL, 71. [Sax. stwl, stal, stall ; D. stal ; G. stall : Sw. 
stall ; Fr. stalle.] 1 . A stand or place where a horse or 
an ox is kept and fed ; the division of a stable, or the 


apartment for one horse or ox. 2. A stable ; a place for 
cattle. — 3. In 1 Kmgs iv. 2G, stall is used for horse-, as, 
“ Solomon had forty thousand stalls of horses for his char- 
iots.” 4. A bench, form or frame of shelves in the open 
air, where any thing is exposed to sale. 5. A small house 
or shed in which an occupation is carried on. C. The 
seat of a dignified clergyman in the choir. 

STALL, V. t. 1. To put into a stable ; or to keep in a sta- 
ble. 2. To install. 3 To set; to fix ; to plunge into 
mire so as not to be able to proceed ; as, to stall horses or 
a carriage. Firginia. 

STALL, v.i. 1. To dwell ; to inhabit ; [ 065 .] 2. To ken- 
nel. 3. To be set, as in mire. 4. To be tired of eating, 
as cattle. 

ST ALL' AGE, n. 1. The right of erecting stalls in fairs ; 
or rent paid for a stall. — 2. In old books, laystall ; dung j 
compost. 

t STAL-LA'TION, 77. Installation. Cavendish. 

STALL'-FED,pp. Fed on dry fodder, or fattened in a stall 
of stable. 

STALL'-FEED, v. t. [stall and feed.] To feed and fatten 
in a stable or on dry fodder. 

STALL'FEED-ING, ppr. Feeding and fattening in tlie 
stable. 

STALL'ION, (stal'yun) n. [Fr. etalon ; It. stallone.] A 
stone horee ; a seed horse ; a male horse not castrated. 

f STALL'-WoRN, in Shakspeare, Johnsoii thinks a mis- 
take for stall-worth, stout. Shak. 

STA'MEN, n. ,* plu. Stamens, or Stamina. [L.] 1. In a 
general sense, usually in the plural, the fixed, firm part 
of a body, which supports it or gives it its strength and 
solidity. 2. Whatever constitutes the principal strength 
or support of any thing. — 3. In botany, an organ of flowers 
for the preparation of the pollen or fecundating dust. 

STa'MENED, a. Furnished with stamens. 

STAM'IN, 77 . A slight woolen stuff'. Chaucer. 

STAM'I-NAL, a. Pertaining to stamens or stamina ; con- 
sisting in stamens or stamina. Med. Repos. 

STAx\I'I-NATE, a. Consisting of stamens. 

STAM'I-NATE, V. t. To endue with stamina. 

STA-jMIN'E-OUS, a. [L. stamineus.] 1. Consisting of sta- 
mens or filaments. 2. Pertaining to the stamen, or at- 
tached to it. 

STAM-I-XIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. stamen and fero.] A stami- 
7iiferous flower is one which has stamens without a 
pistil. 

STAM'MEL, 77 . 1 . A species of red color. B. Jonson, 2. A 
kind of woolen cloth. Com. on Chaucer. 

STAM'MER, v.i. [Sax. stamer ; G. stammeln ; D. stameren ; 
Dan. stammer.] Literally, to stop in uttering syllables or 
words ; to stutter ; to hesitate or falter in speaking ; and 
hence, to speak with stops and difficulty. 

STAM'xMER, V. t. To utter or pronounce with hesitation or 
imperfectly. Beaumont. 

STAM'MER-ER, n. One that stutters or hesitates in speak- 
ing. 

STAM'MER-ING, ppr. 1. Stopping or hesitating in the ut- 
tering of words ; stuttering. 2. a. Apt to stammer. 

STAM'xMER-ING, n. The act of stopping or liesitating in 
speaking ; impediment in speech. 

STAM'MER-ING-LY, adv. With stops or hesitation in 
speaking. 

STAMP, V. t. [D.stampen-, G. stampfeii ; Dan. stamper-, 
Fr. estamper ; It. stampare.] 1. To strike or beat forcibly 
with the bottom of the foot, or by thrusting the foot down- 
wards. [7/7 this sense, the popular pronunciation is stomp, 
with A broad.] 2. To impress with some mark or figure. 
3. To impress ; to imprint ; to fix deeply. 4. To fix a 
mark by impressing it. .5. To make by impressing a 
mark. G. To coin ; to mint ; to form. 

STAMP, V. 7. To strike the foot forcibly downwards. 

STAMP, 77 . ]. Any instrument for making impressions on 
other bodies. 2. A mark imprinted ; an impression. 3. 
That which is marked ; a thing stamped. 4. A picture 
cut in wood or metal, or made by impression ; a cut ; a 
plate. 5. A mark set upon things chargeable with duty 
to gov’-ernment, as evidence that the duty is paid. 6 . A 
character of reputation, good or bad, fixed on any thing. 
7. Authority ; current value derived from suffrage or at- 
testation. 8. Make; cast; form; character. — 9. \1\7netal- 
lurgy, a kind of pestle raised by a water-wheel, for beat- 
ing” ores to powder ; any thing like a pestle used for 
pounding^r beating. 

STAMP'-Du-TY, 71. [stamp and duty.] A duty or tax im- 
posed on paper and parchment, the evidence of the pay- 
ment of which is a stamp. 

STAMPED, pp. Impressed with a mark or figure ; coined ; 
imprinted; deeply fixed. 

STAMP'ER, 77. An instrument for pounding or stamping. 

STAMP ING, -ppr. Impressing with a mark or figure ; coin- 
ing ; imprinting. 

STAMP'ING-MIIxL, n. An engine used in tin works for 
breaking or bruising ore. 

STAN, as a termination, is said to have expressed the 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, tJ, Y, long . — 


FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; 


f Obsolete. 


STA 


787 


STA 


superlative degree ; as in jWielstan, most noble j Dun- 
stdTij tlie lijghesta But qu» Stcin^ in Saxon j is stone. 

STANCflj V. t. [Fr. etancher j Sp»j Port, estancnr.l In a 
general sense, to stop ; to set or fix j bat applied only to 
the blood ; to stop the fiowing of blood. 

STANCH, V. i. To stop, as blood ; to cease to flow. 

STANCH, a. 1. Sound ; firm ; strong and tight. 2. Firm 
in principle j steady ; constant and zealous : hearty. 3. 
Strong j not to be broken. 4. Firm ; close. 

STANCHED, pp. Stopped or restrained from flowing. 

STANCH^ER, n. He or that which stops the flowing of 
blood. 

STANCHTNG, jpjor. Stopping the flowing of blood. 

STANCHflON, (stanch'un) n. [Fr. eta/ipo/t.] A prop or 
support ; a piece of timber in the form of a stake or post, 
used for a support. 

STANCH'LESS, a. That cannot be stanched or stopped. 

STANCH'NESS, n. Soundness j firmness in principle ; 
closeness of adherence. 

S*1 AND, V, i. j pret. and pp. stood. [Sax., Goth, standan ; 
G. stehen ; D. staaen ; Dan. staaer ,• Sw. std ; Sans, sta ; 
L. sto.J 1. To be upon the feet, as an animal ; not to sit, 
kneel or lie. 2. To be erect, supported by the roots, as a 
tree or other plant. 3. To be on its foundation ; not to be 
overthrown or demolished. 4. To be placed or situated ; 
to have a certain position or location. 5. To remain up- 
light, in amoral sense j not to fall. G. To become erect 
7. To stop ; to halt ; not to proceed. 8. To stop : to be at 
a stationaiy point. 9. To be in a state of fixedness • 
hence, to continue ; to endure. 10. To be fixed or steady • 
not to vacillate. 11. To be in or to maintain a posture of 
resistance or defense. 12. To be placed with regard to 
order or rank. 13. To be in any particular state 5 to be 
emphatically expressed, that is, to be fixed or set. 14. To 
continue unchanged or valid ; not to fail or become void. 
15. To consist ■, to have its being and essence. 16. To 
have a place. 17. To be in any state. 18. To be in a 
particular respect or relation. 19. To be, with regard to 
state of mind. 20. To succeed j to maintain one’s ground ; 
not to fail; to be acquitted ; to be safe. 21. To hold a 
course atsea. 22. To have a direction. 23. To offer one’s 
self as a candidate. 24. To place one’s self; to be placed. 
25. To stagnate ; not to flow. 26. To be satisfied or con- 
vinced. 27. To make delay. 28. To persist; to peree- 
vere. 29. To adhere ; to abide. 30. To be permanent ; 
to endure ; not to vanish or fade. 

To stand by. 1. To be near ; to be a spectator ; to be pres- 
ent.^ 2. To be aside; to be placed aside with disregard. 

3. To maintain ; to defend ; to support ; not to desert. 

4. To rest on for support ; to be supported.— To stand for. 

1. To offer one’s self as a candidate. 2. To side with ; 
to support ; to maintain, or to profess or attempt to main- 
tain. 3. To be in the place of ; to be the substitute or rep- 
resentative of. Locke. — 4. In seameii’s language, to direct 
the course towards. — To stand from, to direct the course 
from. — To stand one in, to cost. — To stand in, or stand in 
for, in seamc7i^s language, is to direct a course towards 
land or a harbor. — To stand off. 1. To keep at a distance. 

2. Not to comply. 3. To forbear intimacy. Atterbury. 
4. To appear prominent ; to have relief. — To stand off, or 
off from, in seanicn'^s language, is to direct the course from 
land.-— To stand off and on, is to sail towards land and then 
from it. — To stand out. 1. To project ; to be prominent. 
2. To persist in opposition or resistance ; not to yield or 
comply ; not to give way or recede. 3. With seamen, to 
direct the course from land or a harbor. — To stand to. 1. 
To ply ; to urge efforts ; to persevere. 2. To remain 
fixed in a purpose or opinion. 3. To abide by ; to ad- 
here. 4. Not to yield ; not to fly ; to maintain the ground. 
— To stand to sea, to direct the course from land. — 7'o 
stand under, to undergo ; to sustain. Shak . — To stand up. 
1. To rise from sitting ; to be on the feet. 2. To arise in 
order to gain notice. 3. To make a party. — To stand up 
for, to defend ; to justify ; to support, or attempt to sup- 
port. — To stand upon. 1. To concern ; to interest. 2. To 
value; to pride. 3. To insist. Shak. — To stand with, to 
be consistent. — To stand against, to oppose; to resist. — 
To standfast, to be fixed ; to be unshaken or immovable. 
To stand in hand, to be important to one’s interest. 

STAND, V. t. 1. To endure; to sustain ; to bear. 2. To 
endure ; to resist without yielding or receding. 3. To 
await ; to suffer ; to abide by. — To stand one^s ground, to 
keep the ground or station one has taken ; to maintain 
one’s position. — To stand it, to bear. — To stand trial, is to 
sustain the trial or examination of a cause. 

STAND, n. [Sans, stana.] 1. A stop ; a halt. 2. A station ; 
a place or post where one stands ; or a place convenient 
for persons to remain in for any purpose. 3. Rank ; post ; 
station. 4. The act of opposing. 5 The highest point; 
or the ultimate point of progression, where a stop is made, 
and regressive motion commences. 6. A young tree, 
usually reserved when the other trees are cut. 7. A small 
table ; as, a candle-sfawd. — 8. In commerce, a weight ofj 
from two hundred and a half to three hundred of pitch. 


UoioeU. 

A tree that 


has 


9. k,ometliing on which a thing rests or is laid. — Stand of 
arms, in military affairs, a musket with its usual appeii- 
dages. 7 0 be at a stand, to stop on account of some doubt 
A ’ hence, to be perplexed ; to be embarrassed. 

STANDARD, 71 . [It. stendardo ^ Fr. etcadard ,• Sp. esfa?i- 
darte ,• D. staiidaard.] 1. An ensign of war ; a staff with a 
flag 01 colors. 2* Phat which is established bv sov'erei<’'u 
power as a rule or measure by which others are to be adjust- 
ed. 3. 1 hat which is established as a rule or model by the 

authority of public opinion, or by custom.---4. In cumaerc 
the proportion of weight of fine metal and alloy estab- 
lished by authority. 5. A standing tree or stem ; a tree 
not supported or attached to a wall.— 6. In ship-buildiiur 
an inverted knee placed upon the deck instead of beneath 
it, with its vertical branch turned upward from that which 
lies horizontally. — 7. In Jotany, the upper petal or ban- 
ner of a papilionaceous corol. 

STAND'ARD-BEaR-ER, 71 . [staiidai'd and bcar.'\ An officer 
of an army, company or troop, that bears a standard ; an 
ensign of infantry or a cornet of horse. 

STAND-GROP, n. A plant. Ainsworth. 

fSTAND'EL, n. A tree of long standing. 

STAND^ER, n, 1. One who stands. 2. 
stood long; [eis.] Ascham. 

STAND'ER-B’?, n. One that stands near; one that is pres- 
ent ; a mere spectator. Addison. 

STAND'ER-GRASS, n. A plant. [L. statyrio 7 i.] 

STAND'ING, ppr. 1. Being on the feet; being erect. 2. 
Moving in a certain direction to or from an object. 3. a. 
Settled ; established, either by law or by custom, &.c. ; 
continually existing ; permanent ; not temporary. 4. East- 
ing ; not transitory ; not liable to fade or vanish. 5. Stag- 
nant ; not flowing. 6. Fixed ; not movable. 7. Remain- 
ing erect ; not cut down. 

STAND'ING, n. 1. Continuance; duration or existence. 
2. Possession of an office, character or place. 3. Station ; 
place to stand in. 4. Power to stand. 5. Rank ; con- 
dition in society. 

STAND'ISH, 71 . [stand and dis/t.] A case for pen and ink. 

STANE, 7J. [Sax. A stone. [Local.^ 

STANG, n. [Sax. stceng, steng ; Ban. stang ; G.stancre.] 1. 
A pole, rod or perch ; a measure of land ; [obs.]° Sirift. 
2. A long bar; a pole ; a shaft.— To ride the stang, is to 
be carried on a pole on men’s shoulders, in derision. 
[Local.] Todd. 

STANG, V. i. To shoot with pain. [Local.] Gi'ose. 

t STANK, a. Weak ; worn out. Spenser. 

t STANK, r;. i. To sigh. 

t STANK, old pret. of stink. Stunk is now used. 

STANK, n. [\V. ystanc.] A dam or mound to stop water. 
[Local.] 

S'J'AN'NA-RY, a. [from L. siatinum, tin; Ir. Re- 

lating to the tin works ; as sta7inary courts. Blackstone. 

STAN'NA-RY, n. A tin mine. Hall. 

STAN'NEL, or STAN'YEL, 71. The kestrel, a species of 
hawk ; called, also, stone-gall and icind-hover. 

STAN'NIC, a. Pertaining to tin ; procured from tin. 

STAN'ZA, 7). [It. stanza ; Sp., Port, estancia.] In poetry, a 
number of lines or verses connected with each other and 
ending in a full point or pause ; a part of a poem contain- 
ing every variation of measure in that poem. 

STAP'A-ZIN, n. A bird, a species of warbler. 

STa'PLE, n. [Sax. stapel, stapul ; D., G., Sw. stapel ; Dan. 
stabel.] 1. A settled mart or market ; an emporium. 2. 
A city or town where merchants agree to carry certain 
commodities. 3. The thread or pile of wool, cotton or 
flax. 4. A principal commodity or production. 5. [W. 
ystwficl.] A loop of iron, or a bar or wire bent and formed 
with two points to be driven into wood, to hold a hook, 
pin, &c. Pope. — Staple of land, the particular nature and 
quality of land. 

STa'PLE, a. 1. Settled ; established in commerce. 2. Ac- 
cording to the laws of commerce ; marketable ; fit to be 
sold ; [/. w.] Swift. 3. Chief ; principal ; regularly pro- 
duced or made for market ; as, staple commodities. 

STa'PLER, n. A dealer ; as, a wool stapler. 

STAR, n. [Sax. steorra ; Dan., Sw. stierna ; G. stcrzi ; D. 

1. An apparently small, luminous body in the 
heavens, that appears in the night, or when its light is not 
obscured by clouds, or lost in the brighter eftulgence of the 
sun. 2. The pole-star ; [06s. j Shak . — 3. In astrology, a 
configuration of the planets, supposed to influence fortune. 
4. The figure of a star ; a radiated mark in printing or 
writing ; an asterisk ; thus, [ * ;] used as a reference to a 
note in the margin, or to fill a blank in writing or print- 
ing where letters are omitted. 5. The figure of a star ; a 
badge of rank. 

STAR OF BETH'LE-HEM. A flower and plant. Lee. 

STAR, V. t. To set or adorn with stars, or bright, radiating 
bodies ; to bespangle. 

STAR'-AP-PLE, n. A globular or olive-shaped, fleshy fruit, 
inclosing a stone of the same shape. 

STAR'-FISH, n. The sea-star or a-sterias. 

STAR'-FLOW-ER, n. A plant. Lee. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


STA 


788 


STA 


STAR'-GaZ-ERj n. One who gazes at the stars ; a term of 
contempt for an astrologer. 

STaR'-GaZ-ING, n. 'I’he act or practice of observing the 
stars witJ) attention ; astrology, tiicift. 

STAll'-GRASt^^, V/. Iftarry duck-meat, a plant. 

STaR'-HAVV’K, n. A sjjecies of hawk so called. 

STaR'- 1I V-A-GlNTH, n. A plant of the genus scilla. 

STAiv'-JEL-LY, ?t. A plant, the tremeRa, one of the fungi; 
also, star-shoot, a gelatinous substance. 

Sl'Ait'LEwS, a. Having no stars visible or no starlight. 

STAR'LIGHT, ??. 'J'he light proceeding from the stars. 

S'i’AR' LIGHT, a. Lighted by the stars. Dryden. 

STAR'LlKE, a. [.star and lUce.} 1. Resembling a star ; stel- 
lated } radiated like a star. 2. Bright ; illustrious. 

STAR'LING, «. [Sax. steer ; Sw. stare.] 1. A bird, the stare. 
2. A defense to the piers of bridges. 

STA'RUtoT, n. In Poland, a feudatory; one who holds a 
fief. 

STa'LIOS-TY, n. A fief; an estate held by feudal service. 

6TaR'-Fa V^ED, a, Studded with stars. Milton. 

STAR'-PROOF, a. [star and j:;roa/.] Impervious to the light 
of the stars. Milton. 

fS'J'AR'-READ, n. Doctrine of the stars ; astronomy. 

STARRED, pp. or a. 1. Adorned or studded with stars. 2. 
Inliwenced in fortune by the stars. 

•[STAR'RING, ;;/ir. or a. 1. Adorning with stars. 2. Shin- 
ing ; bright ; sparkling ; as, starring comets. 

STAii'R Y,a. [from star.] 1. Abounding with stars ; adorned 
witli stars. 2. Consisting of stars ; stellar; stellary; pro- 
ceeding from the stars. 3. Shining like stars ; resembling 
stars. 

STAR'-SIIOOT, 71. That which is emitted from a star. 

STAR'-STONE, ?». Asteria, a kind of extraneous fossil, 
consisting of regular joints, each of which is of a radiated 
figure. 

STAIF-THIS-TLE, n. A plant of the genus centaurea. 

STAR'-W 6RT, n. A plant of the genus aster. 

STAR'BoARD, n. [Sax. steor-hoard; G. steuerhort ; D. 
stiiur-bord.] The right hand side of a ship or boat, when 
a spectator stands with his face towards the head, stem or 
prow. 

STAR'BoARD, a. Pertaining to the right liand side of a 
ship ; being or lying on the right side. 

STARCH, 71. [Sax. stearc.] A substance used to stiffen linen 
and other cloth. 

STARCH, a. Stiff; precise ; rigid. Killingheck. 

STARCH, V. t. To stiffen with starch. Qay. 

STaR'-CHaM-BER, 71. Formerly, a court of criminal juris- 
diction in England. 

STARCHED, pp. 1. Stiffened with starch. 2. a. Stiff ; 
precise ; formal. Swift. 

STARCH'ED-NESS, n. Stiffness in manners ; formality. 

STARCil'ER, 71. One who starches, or whose occupation is 
to starch. Johnson. 

STARCH'IAG, ppr. Stiffening with starch. 

STjvRCH'LY, ado. With stiffness of manner ; formally. 

STARCH'NESS, n. Stiffness of manner; preciseness. 

STARCH'Y, a. Stiff; precise. 

STARE, 71. [Sax. steer ; Sw. stare.] A bird, the starling. 

S'!’ ARE, v.i. [Sax. starian; G. starren.] 1. To gaze; to 
look with fixed eyes wide open ; to fasten an earnest look 
on some object. 2. To stand out ; to be prominent ; [oZis.] 
— To stare in the face, to be before the eyes or undeniably 
evident. 

STARE, 71. A fixed look with eyes wide open. Dryden. 

STAR'ER, n. One who stares or gazes. 

STAR'IiVG, ppr. Gazing ; looking with fixed eyes. 

STARK, a. [Sax. sterc, stearc ; D.sterk; G. stark.] 1. 
Stiff; strong; rugged; [oZo?.] 2. Deep; full; profound; 
absolute; [aZ>.s.] 3. Mere; gross; absolute. 

STARK, aiZe. Wholly; entirely; absolutely. 

t STA RK'L Y, aiZy. Stiffly; strongly.^ Shak. 

START, v.i. [D. storten; Sw. storta.] 1. To move sud- 
denly, as if by a twitch. 2. To move suddenly, as by an 
involuntary slirinking from sudden fear or alarm. 3. To 
move with sudden quickness, as with a spring or leap. 
4. To shrink ; to wince. 5. To move suddenly aside ; to 
deviate. 6. To set out ; to commence a race, as from a 
barrier or goal. 7. To set out ; to commence a journey or 
enterprise. — To start xip, to rise suddenly, as from a seat 
or couch. 

START, V. t. 1. To alarm ; to disturb suddenly ; to startle ; 
to rouse. 2. To rouse suddenly from concealment ; to 
cause to flee or fly. Pope. 3. To bring into motion ; to 
produce suddenly to view or iiotice. 4. To invent or dis- 
cover ; to bring within pursuit. 5. To move suddenly 
from its place ; to dislocate. 6. To empty, as liquor from 
a cask ; to jKmr out. .Mar. Diet. 

START, n. 1. A sudden motion of the body, produced by 
spasm; a sudden twitch or spasmodic affection. 2. A 
sudden motion from alarm. 3. A sudden rousing to action ; 
aspring; excitement. 4. Sally; sudden motion or effu- 
sion ; a bursting forth. 5. Sudden fit ; sudden motion 
followed by intermission. G. A quick spring ; a darting ; 


a shoot ; a push. 7. First motion from a place ; act of 
setting out. — To get the start, to begin before another; to 
gain the advantage in a similar undertaking. 

START, n. A projection ; a push ; a horn ; a tail. 

STAR'J''ED, pp. Suddenly roused or alarmed ; poured out, 
as a liquid ; discovered ; proposed. 

STARTHHi, 71. 1. One that starts ; one that shrinks from 
his purpose. 2. One that suddenly moves or suggests a 
question or an objection. 3. A dug that rouses game. 

START'FUL, a. Apt to start ; skittish. 

START'FijL-jN’EfSS, n. Aptness to start. 

STAilTTNG, ppr. Moving suddenly ; shrinking ; rousing ; 
commencing, as a journey, 6cc. 

START'ING, 71. '"J'he act of moving suddenly. 

STARTHAG-HoLE, n. A loophole ; evasion. Martin. 

START'IA"G-LY, ado. By sudden fits or starts. Shak. 

START'IAG-PoiST, n. A post, state, barrier or place from 
wliich competitors in a race start or begin the race. 

STAliT'ISH, a. Apt to start ; skittish ; shy. 

STAR^TLE, V. i. {dim. of start.] To shrink ; to move sud- 
denly or be excited on feeling a sudden alarm. 

STAR'TLE, v.t. 1. To impress w'ith fear; to excite by 
sudden alarm, surprise or apprehension ; to shock ; to 
alarm; to fright. 2. To deter; to causeto devkite ; [/.«.] 

STAR'TLE, 71 . A sudden motion or shock occasioned by an 
unexpected alarm, surprise or apprehension of danger; 
sudden impression of terror. 

STAR TLED, pp. Suddenly moved or shocked by an im- 
pression of fear or surprise. 

STAR TLING, jop7-. Suddenly impressing with fear. 

START'UP, n. 1. One that comes suddenly into notice ; 
[aZ»s.] 2. A kind of high shoe. 

t START'UP, a. Suddenly coming into notice. 

STARVE, V. i. [Sax. stcarfan ; G. sterben.] 1. To perish ; 
to be destroyed ; [aZ;^.] 2. To perish or die with cold. 
Englayid. 3. To perish with hunger. 4. To suffer ex- 
treme hunger or want ; to be very indigent. 

STARVE, v.t. 1. To kill with hunger. 2. To distress or 
subdue by famine. 3. To destroy by want. 4. To kill 
with cold. 5. To deprive of force or vigor ; [a7m6MoZ.] 

STARVED, 1. Ivilled with hunger ; sulnlued by hunger; 
rendered poor by want. 2. Killed by cold. 

STARVE LING, (sfarv'ling) a. Hungry ; lean ; pining wuth 
W’ant. Phillips. 

STARVE'LING, (sfarv'ling) n. An animal or plant that is 
made thin, lean and weak through want of nutriment. 

STARV'ING, ppr. 1. Perishing with hunger; killing with 
hunger ; rendering lean and poor by want of nourishment. 
2. Perishing with cold ; killing with cold. [English.] 

STA'TA-RY, a. [from state.] Fixed; settled. Erown. 

STATE, V. [fL. status ; It. stato ; Sp. estado Yr. etat.] 

1. Condition ; the circumstances of a being or thing at any 

given time. 2. Modification of any thing. 3. Crisis ; 
stationary point ; height : point from which the next 
movement is regression ; [oft^.] 4. Estate ; possession ; 

[oZ»s.] 5. A political body, or body politic ; the whole 

body of people united under one government. 6. A body 
of men united by profession, or constituting a community 
of a particular character. 7. Rank ; condition ; quality. 
8. Pomp; appearance of greatness. 9. Dignity ; grandeur. 
10. A seat of dignity. II. A canopy ; a covering of dig- 
nity ; [m77m.,9?/oZ. 1 12. A person of high rank ; [aZ>s.] 13. 

The principal persons in a government. 14. Ihe bodies 
that constitute the legislature of a country ; as, the states 
general. 15. Joined with another word, it denotes pub- 
lic, or what belongs to the community or body politic ; 
as, state affairs. 

STATE, v.t. 1. To set ; to settle. 2. To express the par- 
ticulars of any thing in writing ; to set down in detail or 
in gross. 3. To express the particulars of any thing ver- 
bally ; to represent fully in wuirds ; to narrate ; to recite. 

STAT'ED, pp. 1. Expressed or represented ; told ; recited. 

2. a. Settled ; established ; regular ; occurring at regular 
times ; not occasional. 3. Fixed ; established. 

STAT'ED-LY, ado. Regularly ; at certain times; not occa- 
sionally. 

STATE' LESS, a. Without pomp. J. Barlow. 

STATE'Ll-NESS, n. 1. Grandeur ; loftiness of mien or 
manner ; majestic appearance ; dignity. 2. Appearance 
of pride ; affected dignity. 

STaTE'LY, a. 1. Lofty ; dignified ; majestic. 2. Mag- 
nificent ; grand. 3. Elevated in sentiment. 

STATE'I.Y, adv. Majestically ; loftily. Milton. 

STATE'MENT, 71. 1. The act of stating, reciting or pre- 
senting verbally or on paper. 2. A series of facts or par- 
ticulars expressed on paper. 3. A series of facts verbally 
recited ; recital of the circumstances of a transaction. 

STATE'-M6N-GER, 7/. [state and monger.] One versed in 
politics, or one that dabbles in state affairs. 

STAT'ER, 7 J. Another name of the daric, an ancient coin. 

STATE'-ROOM, n. 1. A magnificent room in a palace or 
great house. 2. An apartment for lodging in a ship’s 
cabin. 

STATES, n.plu. Nobility. Shak. 




STA 


789 


STE 


STaTES'MAN, n. 1. A man versed in the arts of govern- 
ment j usually, one eminent for political abilities ; a poli- 
tician. 2. A small landholder. 3. One employed in 
public affairs. 

SI A I'ES^MAN-SFIIP, 71. The qualifications or employ- 
nmnts of a statesman. Churchill. 

STATES' WQM-AN, n. A woman who meddles in public 
affairs ; in contempt. Addison. 

STAT'IO, ) a. Relating to the science of weighinsr 

STAT'I-OAL, \ bodies. ^ 

STAT'IOS, 71. j^Fr. statiqne ; It. statica ; h. static e.] 1. 

That branch ot mechanics which treats of bodies at rest . — 

2. In medicine, a kind of epileptics, or persons seized with 
epilepsies. 

STA'riOiN, 71. [Fr. ; L. statio ; It. staiione ; Sp. estacion.~\ 
1. The act of standing ; [oZ>5.] 2. A state of rest ; [rare.] 

3. I he spot or place where one stands, particularly where 
a person habitually stands, or is appointed to remain for a 
time. 4. Post assigned ; office j the part or department 
of public duty which a person is appointed to perform. 
5. Situation j position. 6. Employment ; occupation j 
business. 7. Character; state. 8. Rank; condition of 
iife. — 9. In church history, the fast of the fourth and sixth 
days of the week, Wednesday and Friday, in memory of 
the council which condemned Christ, and of his passion. 
— 10. In the church of Rome, a church where indulgences 
are to be had on certain days. 

STa'TION, V. t. To place ; to set ; or to appoint to the oc- 
cupation of a post, place or office. 

STa'TION-AL, a. Pertaining to a station. Encyc. 

STa'TION-A-RY, a. 1. Fixed ; not moving; not {irogressive 
or regressive ; not appearing to move. 2. Not advancing, 
in a moral sense ; not improving ; not growing wiser, 
greater or better. 3. Respecting place. 

STa'TION-BILL, 71. In seamen’s language, a list contain- 
ing the appointed posts of the ship’s company, when nav- 
igating the ship. 

STA'TION-ER, n. A bookseller; one who sells books, 
paper, quills, inkstands, pencils and other furniture for 
writing. 

STA'TION-ER-Y, n. The articles usually sold by station- 
ers, as paper, ink, quills, &c. 

STa'TION-ER-Y, a. Belonging to a stationer. 

t STa'TIST, n. [from state.] A statesman ; a politician ; 
one skilled in government. Milton. 

STA-TlST'IC, \ a. [from state, or statist.] 1. Pertain- 

STA-TIST'I-CAL, ^ ing to the state of society, the con- 
dition of the people, their economy, their property and 
resources. 

STA-TISTTCS, n. A collection of facts respecting the 
state of society, the condition of the people in a nation or 
country, their health, longevity, domestic economy, arts, 
property and political strength, the state of the country, 
<fec. Sinclair. 

STAT'U-A-RY, n. [It. statuaria ,* Sp. estatuaria ; L. stat- 
tiarius.] 1. The art of carving images as representatives 
of real persons or things ; a branch of sculpture. 2. [It. 
statuario ; Sp. estatuario.] One that professes or practices 
the art of carving images or making statues. 

STAT'UE, n. [L. statua.] An image ; a solid substance 
formed by carving into the likeness of a whole living being. 

STAT'UE, V. t. To place, as a statue ; to form a statue of. 

•f STA-TU'MI-NATE, v. t. [L. statumiuo.] To prop or sup- 
port. 

STAT'LTRE, n. [L., It. stotura ; Fr. stature.] The natural 
height of an animal body; generally used of the human 
body. Dryden. 

STAT'URED, a. Arrived at full stature. [L. it.] Hall. 

STAT'U-TA-BLE, a. 1. Made or introduced by statute ; 
proceeding from an act of the legislature. 2. Made or 
being in conformity to statute. Addison. 

STAT'IJ-TA-BLY, ndv. In a manner agreeable to statute. 

STAT'UTE, n. [Fr. statut ; It. statnto ; Sp. estatuto ; L. 
statutum.] 1. An act of the legislature of a state com- 
manding or prohibiting something; a positive law. Stat- 
utes are distinguished from common law. The latter owes 
its binding force to the principles of justice, to long use 
and the consent of a nation. The former owe their bind- 
ing firce to a positive command or declaration of the su- 
preme power. — Statute is commonly applied to the acts of 
a legislative body consisting of representatives. In mon- 
archies, the laws of the sovereign are called edicts, de- 
crees, ordinances, rescripts, &c. 2. A special act of the 

supreme power, of a private nature, or intended to operate 
only on an individual or company. 3. The act of a cor- 
poration or of its founder, intended as a permanent rule 
or law. 

STAT'UTE-MER-CIIANT, n. In English law, a bond of 
record. 

STAT'UTE-STa-PLE, n. A bond of record acknowledged 
before the mayor of the staple, by virtue of which the 
creditor may forthwith have execution against the body, 
lands and goods of the debtor, on non-payment. Black- 
stone. 


STAT'U-TO-RY, a. Enacted by statute ; depending on 
statute for its authority. 

STAUNCH. See Stanch. 

Oog.] A mineral 

. ^ 1. A thin, 

narrow piece of timber, of which casks are made. 2. A 
staff; a inetrical portion ; a part of a psalm apfiointed to 
be sung in churches. — 3. In 7nusic, the live horizontal and 
parallel lines on which the notes of tunes are written or 
printed. — To stave and tail, to part dogs by interposing a 
staff and by pulling the tail. 

STAVE, V. t. ; pret. and pp. stove, or staved. I. To break 
a hole in ; to break ; to burst ; primarily, to thrust through 
witli a staff. 2. To push as with a staff; with off. 3. 'i’o 
delay. 4. To pour out ; to suffer to be lost by breaking 
the cask. 5. To furnish with staves or rundles , [oZ/s.] 

t STAVE, v. i. To fight with staves. Hudibras. 

STAVES, plu. of Staff. 

STAVV, V. i. To be fixed or set. [J\ot in use, or local.] 

STAY, V. i. ; pret. staid, for stayed. [Ir. stadam ; Sp. estay, 
estiar j VoxU estear j Fr. etai, etaycr 1). slut, stutten.] 
1. To remain ; to continue in a place ; to abide for aii)'^ 
indefinite time. 2. To continue in a state. 3. To wait; 
to attend ; to forbear to act. 4. 'I’o stop ; to stand still. 
5. 'I’o dwell. G. To rest ; to rely ; to confide in ; to 
trust. 

S']’ AY, V. t. ; pret. and pp. staid, for stayed. 1. To stop ; to 
hold from proceeding; to withhold ; to restrain. 2. 'I'o 
delay ; to obstruct ; to hinder from proceeding. 3. 'i o 
keep from departure. 4. 'I’o stop from motion or falling ; 
to prop ; to hold up ; to support. 5. 'I’o support from 
sinking ; to sustain with strength. 

STAY, n. 1. Continuance in a place ; abode for a time in- 
definite. 2. Stand ; stop ; cessation of motion or progres- 
sion. 3. Stop; obstruction; hinderance from progress. 

4. Restraint of passion ; moderation ; caution ; steadiness ; 
sobriety ; [eZ/5.] 5. A fixed state. G. Proi) ; support. 

/. Steadiness ot conduct. — 8. In the rigi^ing of a ship, a 
large, strong rope, employed to support tlie mast, by being 
extended from its iqiper end to the stem of the ship. — 
Stays, in seamanship, inqdies the operation of going about 
or changing the course of a ship, with a shifting'of the 
sails. 


STAU'RO-LITE, ) n. [Gr. aravpog and At 
STAU'RO-TIDE, \ ciVstalized in prisms 
S'PAVE, n. [from staff : Fr. douve, doucu 


stayed, pp. [now written staid.] Staid ; fixed. 
S'I’aI'ED-LY, (st5.de ly) adc. Composedly ; gravely ; mod- 
erately ; prudently ; soberly. [Little used.] 
»STaY'ED-NESS, (stude'nes) n. I. Moderation; gravity; 

sobriet)'^ ; [see Staidness.] 2. Solidity; weight; [Z. ?<.] 
S'I’a Y'ER, n. One that stops or restrains ; one who u])holds 
or supports ; that which props. 

STaY'LACE, 71. A lace for fastening the boddice in female 
dress. Swift. 

STaY'LESS, a. Without stop or delay. [Tattle tiscd.] 

S'I'a Y'MaK-ER, 71. One wdiose occupation is to make 


stays. 

STAY'S, 71. plu. 1. A bodice ; a kind of waistcoat sfiflened 
with wiialebone or other thing, wmrn by females. 2. 
Staijs, of a ship; [see Stay.] 3. Station; fixed anchor- 
age. 4. Any support ; that which keeps another ex- 
tended. 

STaY'-SAIL, 71. Any sail extended on a stay. J][ar. Dirt. 

STAY'-'rAC-KLE, ?i. A large tackle attached to the main- 
stay by means of a pendant, and used to hoist heavy 
bodies, as boats, butts of w\ater, and the like. 

S'PEAD, ) ( u. [Goth. sZikZs; 8ax., Dan. sZed ,* I). sZerZe.] 

STED, ^ 'I 1. Place ; in general ,• [eZ..'i.] Spenser. 

2. Place or room wdiich another had or might have, noting 
substitution, replacing or filling the place of anotlier. 3. 
'I'he frame on w’hich a bed is laid. — To stand in stead, to 
be of use or great advantage. 

S'I’EAD, S'I’ED, in names of places distant from a river or 
tlie sea, signifies /iZacc, as above ; but in names of places 
situated on a river or harbor, it is from 8ax. stathe, border, 
bank, shore. 

f STEAD, (sted) v.t. ]. 'Po help; to support; to assist. 
Shah. 2. 'Po fill the place of anotlier. Shak. 


S'PEAD'FAST, 

S'PED'FAS'P, 

established. 


(sted'fast) 


a. [stead nod fast.] I. Fast 
fixed ; firm ; firmly fixed or 


. Constant; firm; resolute; not fickle or 
wuivering. 3. Steady. 

STEAD'FAS'P-LY, (sted fasMy) adv. Firmly ; with con- 
stancy or steadiness of mind. 

STEAD FAS7’-NESS, (steddast-nes) 7i. ]. Firmness of 

standing ; fixedness in place. 2. Firmness of mind or 
purpose ; fixedness in principle; constancy ; resolution. 

STEAD'I-LY, (sted de-ly) adc. 1. With firmness of stand- 
ing or position ; without tottering, shaking or leaning. 
2. Without wavering, inconstancy or irregularity ; with- 
out deviating. 

STEAD I-NESS, (sted'de-nes) n. I. Firmness of standing 
or position ; a state of being not tottering or easily moved 
or shaken. 2. Firmness of mind or purpose ; constancy ; 
resolution. 3. Consistent, uniform conduct. 


* Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE ; BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; ClI as SH ; TII as in this, f Obsolete. 


STE 


790 


STE 


STEAD'Y, ) i «• [Bax.stedig‘.] 1. Firm in standing 

STED'DY, j '' ^ or position ; fixed ; not tottering or 

snaking. 2. Constant in mind, purpose or pursuit ; not 
fickle, changeable or wavering j not easily moved or per- 
suaded to alter a purpose. 3. Regular; constant; unde- 
viating; uniform. 4. Regular; not fluctuating; as, a 
steady breeze of wind. 

STEAD'Y, (sted'dy) v. t. To hold or keep from shaking, 
reeling or falling ; to support ; to make or keep firm. 

STEAK, n. [Dan. steeg, steg ,• Sw. stek.'] A slice of beef or 
pork broiled, or cut for broiling. 

STeAL, V. t. i pret. stole ; pp. stolen^ stole. [Sax. sttelan, 
stelan ; G. stehlen ; D. steelen ; Dan. stieler,] 1. To take 
and carry away feloniously, as the personal goods of an- 
other. 2. To withdraw or convey without notice, or 
clandestinely. 3. To gain or win by address or gradual 
and imperceptible means. 

steal, V. i. 1. To withdraw or pass privily ; to slip along 
or away unperceived. 2. To practice theft ; to take felo- 
niously. 

steal, n. A handle. See Stele. 

STeAL'ER, n. One that steals ; a thief. 

STeAL'ING, pp7\ Taking the goods of another feloniously ; 
^^ithdrawing imperceptibly ; gaining gradually. 

STeAL'ING-LY, ado. Slily ; privately, or by an invisible 
motion. [Little 7ised.] Sidney. 

STEALTH, (stelth) n. 1. The act of stealing ; theft. 2. 
The thing stolen ; [ofts,] 3. Secret act ; clandestine prac- 
tice ; means unperceiv'ed employed to gain an object ; 
way or manner not perceived. 

STEALTH'Y, (stelth'y) a. Done by stealth ; clandestine ; 
unperceived. S/iak. 

STeAM, 71. [SvLX. steavij stem ; D. stoom.] 1. The vapor 
of water ; or the elastic, aeriform fluid generated by heat- 
ing water to the boiling point. — 2. In popular use, the 
niist formed by condensed vapor. 

STeAM, V. i. 1. To rise or pass off in vapor by means of 
heat ; to fume. 2. To send off visible vapor. " 3. To pass 
off in visible vapor. 

STeAM, v.t. 1. To exhale ; to evaporate ; [Z. 77.] 2. To 

expose to steam ; to apply steam to for softening, dressing 
or preparing. 

STeAM -Boat, or STeAM'-VES-SEL, 71 . A vessel pro- 
pelled through the w'ater by steam. 

STeAM'-BOIL-ER, 71. A boiler for steaming food for 
cattle. 

STeAMED, pp. Exposed to steam ; cooked or dressed by 
steam. 

STeAM'-EN-GiNE, 77. An engine worked by steam. 

STeAM'ING, ppr. Exposing to steam ; cooking or dressing 
by steam ; preparing for cattle by steam. 

t STE AN, for stone. 

STeAR^IN, n. One of the proximate elements of animal 
fat, as lard, tallow, &c. D. Olmsted. 

STe'A-TITE, 77. [Gr. oreap, cTearog.] Soapstone; so call- 
ed from its smooth or unctuous feel. 

STE-A-TITHG, a. Pertaining to soapstone ; of the nature 
of steatite, or resembling it. 

STe'AT-O-CELE, 77 . [Gr. areap and KyXrj.] A swelling of 
the scrotum, containing fat. Uyc. 

STE-A-To'MA, 77. [Gr.] A species of tumor containing 
matter like suet. Coxe. 

STED, STED'FAST. See Stead. 

STEE, or STEY, n. A ladder. 

STEED, 77. [Sax. stede.J A horse, or a horse for state or 
war. Waller. 

STEEL, 77,. [Sax. style ; D. staal ; G. stahl ; Dan. staal.] 

1 . Iron combined with a small portion of carbon ; iron re- 
fined and hardened, used in making instruments, and 
particularly useful as the material of edged tools. — 2. 
Figuratively, weapons ; particularly , offensive weapons, 
swords, spears and the like. 3. Medicines composed of 
steel, as steel filings. 4. Extreme hardness ; as, heads or 
hearts of steel. 

STEEL, a. Made of steel. 

STEEL, V. t. 1. To overlay, point or edge with steel. 2. 
To make hard or extremely hard. 3. To make hard ; to 
make insensible or obdurate. 

STEELED, pp. Pointed or edged with steel ; hardened ; 
made insensible. 

STEEL'I-NESS, 77. [from steely.] Great hardness. 

DTEEL'ING, ppr. Pointing or edging with steel ; harden- 
ing ; making insensible or unfeeling. 

STEEL' Y, a. 1. Made of steel ; consisting of steel. 2. 
Hard ; firm. 

STEEL'YARD, n. [steel and yard.] The Roman balance ; 
an instrument for_\veighing bodies. 

t STEEN, or f STeAN, n. A vessel of clay or stone. 

I STEEN'KtRK, n. A cant term for a neckcloth. 

STEEP, a. [Sax. sieap.] Making a large angle with the 
plane of the horizon ; ascending or descending with great 
inclination ; precipitous. 

STEEP, 77. A precipitous place, hill, mountain, rock or 
ascent ; a precipice. 


STEEP, V. t. To soak in a liquid ; to macerate ; to imbue , 
to keep any thing in a liquid till it has thoroughly im- 
bibed it. 

STEEP, 77. A liquid for steeping grain or seeds ; also, a 
runnet-bag. [Local.] 

STEEPED, pp. Soaked ; macerated ; imbued. 

STEEP'ER, 77. A vessel, vat or cistern in which things are 
steeped. Edwards, W. Indies. 
t STEEP'I-NESS, 77. State or quality of being steep. Howell. 
STEEP'IN^G, ppr. Soaking ; macerating. 

STEE'PLE, 77. [S>tx%. stepelyStypel.] A turret of a church, 
ending in a point ; a spire. Drydeii. 

STEE'PLED, a. Furnished with a steeple ; adorned with 
steeples or towers. Fairfax. 
t STEE'PLE-HOUSE, 77. A church. 

STEEP'LY, adv. With steepness ; with precipitous de- 
clivity. 

STEEP'NESS, 77. The state of being steep ; precipitous 
declivity. Bacon. 

STEEP'Y, a. Having a steep or precipitous declivity. 
STEER, 77. [Sax. steor, styre j D. stier.] A young male of 
the ox kind or common ox. Dryden. 

STEER, V. t. [Sax. steoran ; G. steuem.] 1. To direct ; to 
govern ; particularly, to direct and govern the course of a 
ship by the movements of the helm. 2. To direct ; to 
guide ; to show the way or course to. 

STEER, V. i. 1. To direct and govern a ship or other ves- 
sel in its course. 2. To be directed and governed. 3. To 
conduct one’s self; to take or pursue a course or way. 
t STEER, 77. A rudder or helm. 

STEER'AGE, n. 1. The act or practice of directing and 
governing in a course. Addison. — 2. In seamen’s language, 
tJie effort of a helm, or its effect on the ship. — 3. In a ship, 
an apartment in the fore part of a ship for passengers. 4. 
The part of a ship where the tiller traverses. 5. Direc- 
tion ; regulation ; [1. 77.] 6 . Regulation or management. 
7. That by wliicli a course is directed. 
STEER'AGE-WAY, 77. In seamen’s language, that degre® 
of progressive movement of a ship, which renders her 
governable by the helm. 

STEERED, pp. Directed and governed in a course ; guid- 
ed ; conducted. 

STEER'ER, 77. One that steers ; a pilot. [Little used.] 
STEER'ING, ppr. Directing and governing in a course, as 
a ship ; guiding ; conducting. 

STEER'ING, 77. The act or art of directing and governing 
a ship or other vessel in her course. 
STEER'ING-WHEEL, 77. The wheel by which the rudder 
of a ship is turned and the ship steered, 
t STEER'LESS, a. Having no steer or rudder. Gower. 
STEERS'MAN, 77. [steer and man.] One that steers ; the 
helmsman of a ship. Mar. Diet. 

I STEERS'MATE, 77. One who steern ; a pilot. 
STEEV'ING, 77. In seamen’s language, the angle of ele- 
vation which a ship’s bowsprit makes with tlie horizon. 
Mar. Diet. 

STEG, 77 . [Ice. stegge.] A gander. [Local.] 
STEG-A-NOG'RA-PHIST, n. [Gr. creyavog and ypa^w.] 
One wlio practices the art of writing in ciplier. Bailey. 
STEG-A-NOG'RA-PHY, 77. The art of writing in ciphers 
or characters. Bailey. 

STEG-NOT'I€, a. [Gr. cTtyvwTiKog.] Tending to bind or 
render costive. Bailey. 

STEG-NOT'IO, 77. A medicine proper to stop the orifices 
of the vessels or emunctories of the body. 
STfJN'HEIL-ITE, 77. A mineral, a variety of iolite. 
t STELE, 77. A stale or handle ; a stalk. 

STEL'E-GHITE, n. A fine kind of storax. Cyc. 
STEL'LAR, } a. [It. stellar e ; L. stellar is.] 1. Pertain- 
STEL'LA-RY, 1 ing to stars ; astral. 2. Starry ; full of 
stars ; set with stars. 

STEL'LATE, )a. [h. stellatus.] I. Resembling a star ; 
STEL'LxVTED, j radiated. — 2. In botany, stellate or ver- 
ticillate leaves are when more leaves than two surround 
the stem in a wliorl. 

t STEL-La'TION, 77. [L. Stella.] Radiation of light, 
t STELLED, a. Starry. Shak. 

STEL-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. Stella and fero.] Having or 
abounding with stars 

STEL'Ll-FORM, a. [L. Stella, and form.] Like a star; 
radiated. 

t STEL'LI-FY, V. t. To turn into a star. Chaucer. 
STELL'ION, 77. [L. stelUoA A newt. Ainsicorth. 

I STELL'ION-ATE, n. [Fi*. stellionat ; Low L. stellion- 
atus.] In laio, the crime of selling a thing deceitfully for 
what it is not, as to sell that for one’s own which belongs 
to another. 

STEL'LITE, 77. [L. Stella.] A name giv^en by some writers 
to a white stone found on Mount Libanus. 
STEL'O-GHITE, n. A name given to the osteocolla. 
STE-LOG'RA-PHY, 77. [Gr. aryXoypacpia.] The art of wri- 
ting or inscribing characters on pillars. Stackhouse. 
STEM, 77. [Sax. stemn ; G. stamm ; D., Sw. stain.] I. The 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, tJ, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT; — PR£Y; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — ] Obsolete. 


STE 


791 


STE 


principal body of a tree, shrub or plant of any kind ; the 
main stock ; the firm part which supports the branches. 
2. The peduncle of the fructification, or the pedicle of a 
flower ; that which supports the flower or the fruit of a 
plant. 3. The stock ot a family ; a race or generation of 
progenitors. 4. Progeny; branch of a family.— 5. In a 
ship, a circular piece of timber, to which the two sides of 
a ship are united at the fore-end. 

STEM, V. t. 1. To oppose or resist, as a current ; or to make 
progress against a current. 2. To stop ; to check ; as a 
stream or moving force. 

STEM'-€LASP-ING, a. Embracing the stem with its base ; 

amplexic^aul ; as a leaf or petiole. Jlartyn. 

STEM'- Leaf, n. A leaf inserted into the stem. J^Iartyn. 
STEM'LESS, a. flaving no stem. 

STEMMED, pp. Opposed, as a current ; stopped. 
STEM'MING, ppr. Opposing, as a stream ; stopping. 
STEM'PLE, n. In mining, a cross-bar of wood in a shaft. 
Encyc. 

STENCH, 71. [Sax. stenc.] An ill smell ; offensive odor. 

■f STENCH, V. t. 1. To cause to emit a hateful smell. Mor- 
timer. 2. To stanch ; to stop. Harvey. 
tSTENCH'Y, a. Having an offensive smell. Dyer. 
STEN'CIL, 71. A piece of thin leather or oil-cloth, used in 
painting paper-hangings. 

STEN'CIL, V. t. To paint or color in figures with stencils. 
STE-NOG'RA-PHER, ?i. [Gr. ctcvos and ypaepio.'] One who 
is skilled in the art of short-hand writing. 
STEN-O-GRAPHTC, \ a. Pertaining to the art of wri- 
STEN-0-GRAPH'I-€AL, I ting in sliort-hand ; expressing 
in characters or short-hand. 

STE-NOG'RA-PHY, 71. The art of writing in short-hand 
by using abbreviations or characters. 

STENT, for sUnt. See Stint. 

STEN-To'RI-AN, a. [from Stentor.'] 1. Extremely loud. 

2. Able to utter a very loud sound. 
STEN-TO-RO-PHON'l€, a. [from Ste7itor, a herald in Ho- 
mer, whose voice was as loud as that of fifty otlier men.] 
Speaking or sounding very loud. 

STEP, V. i. [Sax. stceppan, steppmi ; D. stajrpen.'] 1. To 
move the foot ; to advance or recede by a movement of 
the foot or feet. 2. To go ; to walk a little distance. 3. 
„ To walk gravely, slowly or resolutely. 

STEP, v.t. 1. To set, as the foot. 2. To fix the foot of a 
mast in the keel ; to erect. 

STEP, 71. [Sax. stay ; D. stap.] 1. A pace; an advance or 
movement made by one removal of the foot. 2. One re- 
move in ascending or descending ; a stair. 3. The space 
passed by the foot in walking or running. 4. A small 
space or distance. 5. The distance between the feet in 
walking or running. 6. Gradation ; degree. 7. Progres- 
sion ; act of advancing. 8. Footstep ; print or impression 
of the foot ; track. 9. Gait ; manner of walking. 10. 
Proceeding; measure; action. 11. The round of a lad- 
der. — 12. Steps, in the plural, walk; passage. 13. Pieces 
of timber in which the foot of a mast is fixed. 

STEP, } 71. In Russ, an uncultivated desert of large ex- 
STEPP, j tent. Tooke. 

STEP, Sax. steop, from stepa7i, to deprive, is prefixed to 
certain words to express a relation by marriage. 
STEP'-BRoTH-ER, 7i. A brother-in-law, or by marriage. 
STEP'-CHlLD, 71. [step and child.'] A son-in-law or 
daughter-in-law ; [a cliild deprived of its parent.] 
STEP^-DAME, 71. A mother by marriage. 
STEP'-DAUGH-TER, 7i. A daughter by marriage. 
STEP'-FA-THER, 7i. A father-in-law ; a father by mar- 
riage only ; [the father of an orphan.] 

STEF-M6TH-ER, 7i. A mother by marriage onl}'^ ; a 
m5ther-in-law ; [the mother of an orphan.] 
STEP'-SIS-TER, 71. A sister-in-law, or by marriage. 
STEP'-S6N, n. A son-in-law ; [an orphan son.] 
STEPPED, pp. Set ; placed ; erected ; fixed in the keel, as 
a mast. 

STEP PING, ppr. Moving, or advancing by a mov^ement 
of the foot or feet ; placing ; fixing or erecting. 
STEP'PING, n. 'J’he act of walking or running by steps. 
STEP'PING-STONE, ?i. A stone to raise the feet above the 
dirt and mud in walking. Siaift. 

STEP'-STONE, w. A stone laid before a door as a stair to 
rise on in entering the house. 

STER, in eomposition, is from the Sax. steora, a director. 
It seems primarily to have signified chief, principal or 
director. 

STER-€0-Ra'CEOUS, a. [L. stercorcus, stercorosus.] Per- 
taining to dung, or partaking of its nature. 
STER-€0 -Ra'RI-AN, ) 71. [L. stereus.] One in the Romish 
STER'€0-RA-NIST, \ church wlio held that the host is 
liable to digestion. 

STER'€0-RA-RY, 7i. A place properly secured from the 
weather for containing dung. 

STER-€0-Ra'TION, 71 . [L. stereo7'atio.] The act of ma- 
nuring with dung. Bacon. 

STERE, n. In the 7 iew French system of measures, the unit 
for solid measure, equal to a cubic metre. 


STER-E-O-GRAPH'IG, I a. Made or done according to 


STER-E-O-GRAPHT-GAL, j the rules of stereography 
delineated on a plane. 

S'! ER-E-O-GRAPIPI-CAL-LY, adv. By delineation on a 
plane. 


STER-E-OG'RA-PHY, 71. [Gr. arepeos and ypaepto.] The 
act or art of delineating the forms of solid bodies on a 
plane. Encyc. 

S'J'ER-E-0-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to or performed 
by stereometry. 

STER-E-OM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. cTcpcog and perptu).] The art 
of measuring solid bodies, and finding their solid content. 

STER-E-O-TOM'I-GAL, a. Pertaining to or performed by 
stereotomy. 

STER-E-OT'O-MY, n. [Gr. crepeos and reyvo).] The sci- 
ence or art of cutting solids into certain figures or sections, 
as arches, &c. 

STER'E-O-TYPE, n. [Gr. arepiog and rcTtoj.] 1. Literally, 
a fixed metal type ; hence, a plate of fixed or solid metal- 
lic types for printing books. 2. The art of making plates 
of fixed metallic types, or of executing work on such 
plates. 

STER'E-O-TYPE, a. 1. Pertaining to fixed metallic typos. 

2. Done on fixed metallic types, or plates of 'fixed tyi>es. 

STER'E-O-TYPE, v. t. I'o make fixed metallic types or 

plates of type metal, corresponding with the words and 
letters of a book ; to compose a book in fixed tyi>es. 

STER'E-O-TyP-ER, V. One who makes stereotype. 

STER'E-O-TYP-ING, ppr. Making stereotype plates for 
any work ; or impressing copies on stereotype plates. 

STER-E-O-TY-POG'RA-PHER, 71. A stereotype printer. 

STER-E-O-TY-POG'RA-PH Y, n. The art or practice of 
printing on stereotype. Entick. 

STER'ILE, ) a. [L. sterilis ; It., Fr. sterile ; Sp. estcril.] 

STER'IL, ^ 1. Barren ; unfruitful ; not fertile ; produ- 

cing little or no crop. 2. Barren ; producing no young. 

3. Barren of ideas ; destitute of sentiment. 

STE-RIL'I-TY, 71. [L. stcrilitas ; Fr. steriUte : It. ste7'ilitd.] 

]. Barrenness; unproductiveness; uiifruitfulness ; the 
quality or state of producing little or nothing. 2. Bar- 
renness ; unfruitfulness ; the state of not producing 
young, as of animals. 3. Barrenness of ideas or senti- 
ments, as in writings. 4. Want of fertility or the power 
of producing sentiment. 

STER'IL-lZE, V. t. 1. To make barren; to impoverish, as 
land ; to exhaust of fertility ; [little ?«ct/.] 2. To de- 
prive of fecundity, or the power of producing young; 

[little 7iscd.] 

STER LET, 71. A fish of the Caspian sea. Tooke. 

STER'LING, a. [probably from EasterUn g .] L An epithet 
by which Englisli money of account is distinguished ; as, 
a pound sterling. 2. Genuine ; pure ; of excellent quality. 

STER'LING, 71. 1. English money. 2. Standard; rate; 
[little W5cd.] 

STIiRN, a. [Sax. styrn.] 1. Severe ; austere ; fixed with 
an aspect of severity and authority. 2. Severe of man- 
ner ; rigid ; harsh ; cruel. 3. Hard ; afflictive. 4. Rigidly 
steadfast ; immovable. 

STERN, 71. [Sax. steor and mi.] 1. The hind part of a sliip 
or other vessel, or of a boat ; the part opposite to the stem 
or prow. Mar. Diet. 2. Post of management ; direction ; 
[o&5.] 3. The liinder part of anything; [not clego7it.] 

Spenser. — By the stern is a phrase which denotes that a 
ship is more deeply laden abaft than forward. 

t STERN'AGE, 71. Steerage or stern. Shak. 

STERN'-BoARD, n. [stern and board.] In seaman's lan- 
guage, a loss of way in making a tack. 

STERN'-CHASB; n. A cannon placed in a ship’s stern, 
pointing backward, and intended to annoy a sliip that is 
in pursuit of her. Mar. Diet. 

STERN ED, a. In compounds, having a stern of a particular 
shape ; as, sqimre-sterned. 

fSTERN'ER, 71. [?ax. steo7-a7u] A director. Clarke. 

STERN'-FAST, n. [stc7-n and fast.] A rope used to con- 
fine the stern of a ship or other vessel. 

STERN'-FRAME, 71. [ste?-7i and fi'ame.] Tlie several 
pieces of timber which form the stern of a ship. 

STERxV'LY, adv. In a stern manner; with an austere or 
stern countenance ; with an air of authority. 

STERN'NESS, n. L Severity of look ; a look of austerity, 
rigor or severe authority. Shak. 2. Severity or harshness 
of manner; rigor. Drydcn. 

STERN'MdST, o. [stern nm\ most.] Farthest in the rear ; 
farthest astern. Mar. Diet. 

STERN'ON, 71. [Gr.] The breast-bone. 

STERN'-PoRT, 71 . A port in the stern of a ship. 

STERN'-PdST, 71 . A straight piece of timber, erected 
on the extremit)^ of the keel to support the rudder and 
terminate the ship behind. 

STERN'-SHEETS, 71. That part of a boat which is between 
the stern and the aftmost seat of the rowers ; usually fur- 
nished with seats for passengers. 

STERN'UM, 71 . [Gr. arepvov.] The breast-bone. 


^ See Sy 7 wpsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE B^JEL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


STI 


STI 


792 


STER-NU-Ta^TION, n. [L. stemutatio.] The act of 
sneezing. Quincy. 

STER-Nu'TA-TIVE, a. [L. sternuo.] Having the quality 
of provoking to sneeze. 

STER-NU'TA-TO-RY, a. [Fr. sternutatoire.] Having the 
quality of exciting to sneeze. 

STER-Nu'TA-TO-RY, n. A substance that provokes 
sneezing. 

STERN'-WAY, n. [stern and way.] The movement of a 
ship backwards, or with her stern foremost. 

STER-dUIL'I-NOUS, a. [L. sterquilinium.] Pertaining to 
a dunghill ; mean ; dirty ; paltry. Hoioell. 

f STER'VEN, to starve. tSpenser. 

STETH'E-S€OPE, n. [Gr. cryOo^ and cxoncw.] A tubular 
instrument for distinguishing diseases of the stomach by 
sounds. 

STEVE, V. t. [from the root of stow.] To stow, as cotton 
or wool in a ship’s hold. [Local.] 

STe'VE-DORE, n. One whose occupation is to stow goods, 
packages, &c. in a ship’s hold. JY. York. 

I STEV'EN, n. [Sax. stefnian.] An outcry 5 a loud call 5 a 
clamor. Spenser. 

STEW, V. t. [Fr. etuver ,* It. stufare.] 1. To seethe or 
gently boil ; to boil slowly in a moderate manner, or with 
a simmering lieat. 2. To boil in heat. 

STEW, V. i. To be seethed in a slow, gentle manner, or in 
heat and moisture. 

STEW, n. 1. A hot-house ; a bagnio. 2. A brothel ; a 
louse of prostitution. South. 3. A prostitute; [ohs.] 4. 
See Stow.] A store-pond ; a small pond where fish are 
tept for the table ; [oZ>s.] 5. Meat stewed ; as, a steio of 

pigeons. G. Confusion, as when the air is full of dust. 
Grose. 

STEW'ARD, n. [Sax. stiward.] 1. A man employed in 
great families to manage the dfomestic concerns. 2. An 
officer of state ; as, lord high steward. — 3. In colleges^ an 
officer who provides food for the students, and superin- 
tends the concerns of the kitchen. — 1. In a ship of roar, 
an officer who is appointed by the purser to distribute 
provisions to the officers and crew. — 5. In Scripture^ a 
minister of Christ. 1 Cor. iv. 


fSTEW^\RD, V. t. To manage as a steward. Fuller. 

STEW^ARD-LY, ado. With the care of a steward. [Little 

STEW'ARD-SHIP, n. The office of a steward. 

STEW'ART-RY, n. An overseer or superintendent. 

STEWED, pp. Gently boiled ; boiled in heat. 

STEW'ING, ppr. Boiling in a moderate heat. 

STEWTNG, n. The act of seething slowly. 

STEW'ISH, a. Suiting a brotliel. Hall. 

STEW'-PAN, n. A pan in which things are stewed. 

STIB'I-AL, a. [L. stibium.] Like or having the qualities 
of antimony ; antimonial. 

t STIB-I-a'RI-AN, n. [L. stibium.] A violent man. 

STIB'I-A-TED, a. Impregnated with antimony. 

STIB'I-UM, n. [L.] Antimony. 

STIC'A-DOS, n. A plant. Ainstcorth. 

STICH, n. [Gr. CTi^oi.] 1. In poetry, a verse, of whatever 
measure or number of feet. — 2. In rural affairs, an order 
or rank of trees. [In ATew England, as much land as lies 
between double furrows, is called a stitch, or a land.] 

STI-CHOM^E-TRY, n. [Gr. crf)(oq and [lErpov.] A cata- 
logue of the books of Scripture, with the number of 
verses which each book contains. 

STICH/-W6RT, ) A , 7; • 

STITCH^ WoRT \ plant ot the genus stellaria. 

STICK, n. [Sax. sticca ; G. stecken ; D. stok ,* Dan. stikke ; 
Sw. stake, sticka.] 1. The small shoot or branch of a tree 
or shrub, cut off ; a rod ; also, a staff. 2. Any stem of a 
tree, of any size, cut for fuel or timber. 3. Many instru- 
ments, long and slender, are called sticlcs. 4. A thrust 
with a pointed instrument that penetrates a body ; a stab. 
— Stick of eels, the number of twenty-five eels. Encyc. 

STICK, V. t.‘, pret. and pp. stuck. [Sax. stican, stician ; 
G. st-echen ; Dan. stikker.] 1. To pierce ; to stab ; to cause 
to enter, as a pointed instrument; hence, to kill by 
piercing. 2. To thrust in ; to fasten or cause to remain 
by piercing. 3. To fasten ; to attach by causing to ad- 
here to the surface. 4. To set ; to fix in. 5. To set with 
something pointed. 6. To fix on a pointed instrument. 

STICK, V. i. 1. To adhere ; to hold to by cleaving to the 
surface, as by tenacity or attraction. 2. To be united ; to 
be inseparable ; to cling fast to, as something reproachful. 
3. To rest with the memory ; to abide. 4. To stop ; to be 
impeded by adhesion or obstruction. 5. To stop ; to be 
arrested in a course. 6. To stop ; to hesitate. 7. To ad- 
here ; to remain ; to resist efforts to remove. 8. To cause 
difficulties or scruples ; to cause to hesitate. 9. To be 
stopped or hindered from proceeding. 10. To be embar- 
rassed or puzzled. ' 11. To adhere closely in friendsliip 
and affection. — To stick to, to adhere closely ; to be con- 
stant ; to be firm. — 1. To stick by, to adhere closely ; to be 
constant. 2. To be troublesome by adhering. — To stick 


upon, to dwell upon; not to forsake. — To stick out, to 
project ; to be prominent. 

STICK'I-NESS, n. The quality of a thing which makes it 
adhere to a plane surface ; adhesiveness ; viscousness ; 
glutinousness; tenacity. 

STIC'KLE, V. i. 1. To take part with one side or other. 
2. To contend ; to contest ; to altercate. 3. To trim ; to 
play fast and loose ; to pass from one side to the other. 

fSTIG'KLE, V. t. To arbitrate. Drayton. 

ST1€'KLE-BA€K, n. A small fish. Encyc. 

STIG'KLER, n. 1. A sidesman to fencers ; a second to a 
duelist ; one who stands to judge a conibat. 2. An obsti- 
nate contender about any thing. — 3. Formerly, an officer 
who cut wood for the priory of Ederose, within the king’s 
parks of Clarendon. Cowel. 

STIG'KLING, ppr. Trimming; contending obstinately. 

STIGK'Y, a. Having the quality of adhering to a surface ; 
adhesive ; gluey ; viscous ; viscid ; glutinous ; tena- 
cious. 

STID'DY, n. [Ice. stedia.] An anvil; also, a smith’s 
shop. [JVot in use, or local.] 

STIFF, a. [Sax. stif ; G.steif; If., Sw. styf ; Dan. stir.] 

1. Not easily bent; not flexible or pliant; not flaccid; 
rigid. 2. Not liquid or fluid ; thick and tenacious ; in- 
spissated ; not soft nor hard. 3. Strong; violent; impet- 
uous in motion. 4. Hardy; stubborn; not easily subdu- 
ed. 5. Obstinate; pertinacious; firm in perseverance or 
resistance. 6. Harsh ; formal ; constrained ; not natural 
and easy. 7. Formal in manner ; constrained ; affected ; 
starched; not easy or natural. 8. Strongly maintained, 
or asserted with good evidence. — 9. In seamen^s language, 
a stiff vessel is one that will bear sufficient sail without 
danger of oversetting. 

STIFF'EN, (stif'n) v. t. [Sax. stifian ; Sw. styfna ; D. 
styven ; G. steife7i.] 1. To make stiff; to make less pliant 
or flexible. 2. To make torpid. 3. To inspissate; to 
make more thick or viscous. 

STIFFEN, (stif'n) v. i. 1. To become stiff; to become 
more rigid or less flexible. 2. To become more thick, or 
less soft ; to be inspissated ; to approach to hardness. 3. 
To become less susceptible of impression ; to become less 
tender or yielding ; to grow more obstinate. 

STIFF'EN-ING, Making or becoming less pliable, or 
more thick, or more obstinate. 

STIFF'EN-ING, n. Something that is used to make a sub- 
stance more stiff or less soft. 

STIFF'-HEART-ED, «. [stiff and heart.] Obstinate ; stub- 
born ; contumacious. Ezek. ii. 

STIFF'LY, ado. 1. Firmly ; strongly. Bacon. 2. Rigidly; 
obstinately ; witli stubbornness. 

STIFF'-NEOKED, fl. [sfi^ and neck.] Stubborn ; inflexi- 
bly obstinate ; contumacious. Denham. 

STIFF'NESS, n. 1. Rigidness ; want of pliableness or flex- 
ibility ; the firm texture or state of a substance which 
renders it difficult to bend it. 2. Thickness ; spissitude ; 
a state between softness and hardness. 3. Torpidness ; 
inaptitude to motion. 4. Tension. 5. Obstinacy ; stub- 
bornness ; contuniaciousness. 6. Formality of manner ; 
constraint; affected precision. 7. Rigorousness; harsh- 
ness. 8. Affected or constrained manner of expression 
or writing ; want of natural simplicity and ease. 

STFFLE, V. t. [Fr. etouffer, to stifle ; L. stipo.] 1. To suf- 
focate ; to stop the breath or action of the lungs by 
crowding something into the windpipe, or by infusing a 
substance into the lungs, or by other means ; to choke. 

2. To stop. 3. To oppress; to stop the breath tempora- 
rily. 4. To extinguish ; to deaden ; to quench. 5. To 
suppress ; to hinder from transpiring or spreading. 6. To 
extinguish ; to check or restrain and destroy ; to suppress. 
7. To suppress or repress ; to conceal ; to withhold from 
escaping or manifestation. 8. To suppress ; to destroy. 

STFFLE, n. 1. The joint of a horse next to the buttock, 
and corresponding to the knee in man. 2. A disease in 
the knee-pan of a horse or other animal. 

t STFFLE-MENT, n. Something that might be suppressed 
or concealed. Brewer. 

STIGH. See Sty. 

STIG'MA, n. [L.] 1. A brand ; a mark made with a burn- 
ing iron. 2. Any mark of infamy; any reproachful con- 
duct which stains the purity or darkens the lustre of 
reputation. — 3. In botany, the top of the pistil. 

STIG'MA-TA, n. plu. The apertures in the bodies of in- 
sects, communicating with the tracheae or air-vessels. 

STIG-MAT'IG, f a. 1. Marked wnth a stigma, or with 

STIG-MAT'I-GAL, ) something reproachful to character. 
2. Impressing with infamy or reproach. 

STIG-MAT'ie, n. 1. A notorious profligate, or criminal 
who has been branded ; [little used.] 2. One who bears 
about him the marks of infamy or punishment ; [little 
used.] 3. One on whom nature has set a mark of deform- 
ity ; [little tised.] 

STIG-MATT-GAL-LY, ado. With a mark of infamy or 
deformity. 

STIG'MA-TiZE, v. t. [Fr. stigmutiscr.] 1. To mark with 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, 6, tj, Y, long — FAR, FALL, WHAT PRgY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


STI 


793 STI 


a brand. 2. To set a mark of disgrace on j to disgrace 
with some note of reproach or infamy. 

STIG'iMA-TIZED, pp. Marked with disgrace. 

STIG'MA-TiZ-ING, ppr. Branding with infamy. 

STi'LAR, a. Pertaining to the stile of a dial. Mozon, 

STIL'BITE, n. [Gr. ortA/^w.] A mineral. 

STILE, 71. [This is another spelling of style. Sec Style 
and Still.] A pin set on the face of a dial to forma 
shadow. 

STILE, 11 . [Sax. stigel.l A step or set of steps for ascend- 
ing and descending, in pa<«sing a fence or wall. Sicift. 

STI-LET'TO, n. [It. dim. from stilo.'l A small dagger with 
a round, pointed blade. 

STILL, V. t. [Sax. stillan ; G., D. stillen ^ Dan. stiller.] 

1. To stop, as motion or agitation; to check or restrain; 
to make quiet. 2. To stop, as noise ; to silence. 3. To 
appease ; to calm ; to quiet ; as tumult, agitation or ex- 
citement. 

STILL, a. 1. Silent; uttering no sound. 2. Quiet; calm; 
not disturbed by noise. 3. Motionless. 4. Quiet; calm; 
not agitated. 

STILL, 71. Calm; silence; freedom from noise. [A poetic 
word.} 

STILL, adv. 1. To this time ; till now. 2. Nevertheless ; 
notwithstanding. 3. It precedes or accompanies words 
denoting increase of degree 4. Always ; ever ; contin- 
ually. Pope. 5. After that ; after what is stated. 6. In 
continuation. 

STILL, n. [L. stillo.} A vessel, boiler or copper used in 
the distillation of liquors. JVewton. 

STILL, V. t. [L. stillo.] To expel spirit from liquor by heat, 
and condense it in a refrigeratory; to distill. 

t STILL, V. i. To drop. S«e Distill. 

STIL-LA-TD'TIOUS, a. \1j. stillatitius.] Falling in drops ; 
drawn by a still. 

STILL' A-TO-RY, n. 1. An alembic ; a vessel for distilla- 
tion ; \_little used.] 2. A laboratory ; a room in which dis- 
tillation is performed ; [little used.] 

STILL'-BORN, a. 1. Bead at the birth. 2. Abortive. 

STILL'-BURNai’. t. To burn in the process of distillation. 

STILLED, pp. Calmed ; appeased ; quieted ; silenced. 

STILL'ER, n. One who stills or quiets. 

STIL'LI-CIDE, n. stillicidium.] A continual falling or 
succession of drops. [J\Tot much used.] Bacon. 

STIL-LI-CID'I-OUS, a. Falling in drops. Brown. 

STILL'ING, ppr. Calming ; silencing ; quieting. 

STILL'ING, 77. 1. The act of calming, silencing or quieting. 

2. A stand for casks. 

STILL'-LlFE, 77. 1. Things that have only vegetable life. 
Jllason. 2. Dead animals, or paintings lepresenting the 
dead. 

STILL'NESS, 77. 1. Freedom from noise or motion ; calm- 
ness ; quiet ; silence. 2. Freedom from agitation or 
excitement. 3. Habitual silence ; taciturnity. 

STILL'-STAND, n. Absence of motio’"'. [Little wse«?.] 

STIL'LY, adu. 1. Silently; without noise. 2. Calmly; 
quietly ; without tumult. 

STILP-NO-SID'E-RITE, 77. [Gr. (mXrrvof, and siderite.] A 
mineral of a brownish-black color. 

STILT, 77. [G. stelze ; D. stelt.] A stilt is a piece of wood 
with a shoulder, to support the foot in walking. 

STILT, V. t. 1. To raise on stilts ; to elevate. Young. 2. 
To raise by unnatural means. 

STIME, 77. A glimpse. JSTorth of England. 

STIM'U-LANT, a. [L. stimulans.] Increasing or exciting 
action, particularly the action of the organs of an animal 
body; stimulating. 

STIM'U-LANT, 77. A medicine that excites and increases 
the action of the moving fibres or organs of an animal 
body. 

STIM'U-LATE, v. t. [L. stirnulo.] 1. To excite, rouse or 
animate to action or more vigorous exertion by some pun- 
gent motive or by persuasion. — 2. In medicine, to excite 
or increase the action of the moving fibres or organs of an 
animal body. 

STIM'U-LA-TED, pp. Goaded ; roused or excited to action 
or more vigorous exertion. 

STIM'U-LA-TING, ppr. Goading; exciting to action or 
more vigorous exertion. 

STLM-U-La'TION, 77. 1. The act of goading or exciting. 
2. Excitement ; the increased action of the moving fibres 
or organs in animal bodies. 

STIM'U-LA-TiV'^E, a. Having tlie quality of exciting ac- 
tion in the animal system. 

STIM'U-LA-TiVE, 77. That which stimulates ; that which 
rouses into more vigorous action. 

STIM'U-LA-TOR, n. One that stimulates. 

STIM'U-LUS, 77. [L.] Literally, a goad ; hence, some- 
thing that rouses from languor ; that which excites or 
increases action in the animal system ; or that which 
rouses the mind or spirits. 

STING, V. t.,- pret. and pp. stung. Stang is obsolete. [Goth. 
stigewan; Sax. stingan, styngan.] I. To pierce with the 
sharp-pointed instrument with which certain animals are 


fhrnished, such as bees, wasps, scorpions and the llke< 

2. lo pain acutely. 

SILNG, 77. [Sax. sting, stineg.] 1. A sharp-pointed weap- 
on by which certain animals are armed by nature for 
their defense. 2. The thrust of a sting into the flesh. 

3. Any thing that gives acute pain. 4. The point in the 
last verse. 5. I hat which gives the principal pain, or 
constitutes the principal terror. 

That which stings, vexes or gives acute pain. 

blIj\'GI-LY, adv. [from stingy.] With mean covetous- 
ness ; m a niggardly manner. 

STIN'GI-NESS, n. [from stingy.] Extreme avarice ;*mean 
covetousness ; niggardliness. 

STING'LESS, a. [from sting.] Having no sting. 

STIN'GO, 77. [from the sharpness of the taste.] Old beer. 
[A cant word.] Addison. 

STIN'GY, a. [W. ystang.] Extremely close and cove- 
tous ; meanly avaricious ; niggardly ; narrow-hearted. 
[A low word.] 

STINK, 77. 7.,- pret. stank, ox stunk. [Sax. stincan; G., D. 
stinken.] To emit a strong, oft'ensive smell. 

STINK, 77. A strong, offensive smell. JJryden. 

STINK' ARD, n. A mean, paltry fellow. 

STINK'ER, 77. Something intended to offend by the smell. 
Harvey. 

STINK'ING, ppr. Emitting a strong, offensive smell. 

STINK'ING-LY, adv. With an offensive smell. Shak. 

STINK'BOT, 77. An artificial composition oflensive to the 
smell. Harvey. 

STINK'STONE, 77. Swinestone, a mineral. Urc. 

STINT, V. t. [Sax. stintan, to stint or stunt; Ice. stunta.] 

1. To restrain within certain limits ; to bound ; to confine ; 
to limit. 2. To assign a certain task in labor, which 
being performed, the person is excused from further labor 
for the day, or for a certain time ; a common use of the 
word in America. 

STINT, 77. A small bird, the tringa cinctus. 

STINT, 77. 1. Limit; bound; restraint. Dryden. 2. Quan- 
tity assigned ; proportion allotted. Shak. 

STINT'ANCE, 77. Restraint; stoppage. [JVot used, or local.] 

STINT'ED,pp. Restrained to a certain limit or quantity. 

STINT'ER, 77. He or that which stints. 

STINT'ING, ppr. Restraining within certain limits ; assign- 
ing a certain quantity to ; limiting. 

STIPE, 77. [L. stqies.] lr\ botany , the base of a frond; or 
a species of stem passing into leaves. 

STIP'EL, 77. [See SxiPULA.] In botany, a little appendix 
situated at the base of the folioles. JJecandolle. 

STi'PEND, 77. [L. stipendium.] Settled pay or compensa- 
tion for services, whether daily or monthly wages, or an 
annual salary. 

STI'PEND, V. t. To pay by settled wages. Shelton. 

* STI-PEND'I-A-RY, a. [L. stipendiarius.] Receiving wa- 
ges or salary ; performing services for a stated price or 
compensation. Knolles. 

* STI-PEND'I-A-RY, n. One who performs services for a 
settled compensation, either by the day, month or year. 

STIP'I-TATE, a. In botany, supported by a stipe ; elevated 
on a stipe ; as pappus or down. Marty n. 

STIP'PLE, V. t. To engrave by means of dots, in distinction 
from engraving in lines. Todd. 

STIP'PLED, pp. Engraved with dots. 

STIP'PLING, ppr. Engraving with dots. 

STIP'PLING, 77. A mode of engraving on copper by means 
of dots. Cyc. 

STIP'TIU. See Styptic. 

STIP'L1"-LA, or STIP'ULE, n. [L. stipula.] In botany, a 
scale at the base of nascent petioles or peduncles. A leafy 
appendage to the proper leaves or to their footstalks. 

STIP-U-La'CEOUS, ) a. [from L. stipula, stipularis.] I. 

STIP'U-LAR, I Formed of stipules or scales. 2. 

Growing rn stipules, or close to them. 

STIP'U-LATE, V. i. [L. stipulor.] 1. To make an agree- 
ment or covenant with any person or company to do or 
forbear any thing; to contract; to settle terms. 2. To 
bargain. 

STIP'U-LATE, a. Having stipules on it. 

STIP'U-LA-TED, pp. Agreed ; contracted ; covenanted. 

STIP'U-LA-TING, ppr. Agreeing; contracting. 

STIP-U-La'TION, 77. [Fr.; L. stipulatio.] 1. The act of 
agreeing and covenanting; a contracting or bargaining. 

2. An agreement or covenant made by one person with 
another for the performance or forbearance of some act ; a 
contract or bargain. — 3. In botany, the situation and 
structure of the stipules. 

STIP'U-LA-TOR, 77. One who stipulates or covenants. 

STIP'ULE. See Stipula. 

STiR, v.t. [Sux. stirian, styrian ; D.stooren; G. sioren.] 
1. To move ; to change place in any manner. 2. 3’o agi- 
tate ; to bring into debate. 3. To incite to action ; to 
instigate ; to prompt. 4. To excite ; to raise; to put into 
motion.— stir up. 1. To incite ; to animate. 2. To ex- 
cite ; to put into action; to begin. 3. To quicken ; to 
enliven. 4. To disturb. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE ;— BUIX, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. ^Obsolete. 


STO 


794 


STO 


&T1R, i. 1. To move one’s self. 2 . To go or be carried 
in any manner. 3. To be in motion j not to be still. 4. 
To become the object of notice or conversation. 5. To 
rise in the morning ; [colloquial.'] Shak, 

STiR, 1. Agitation ; tumult ; bustle ; noise 

or various movements. 2. Public disturbance or commo- 
tion ; tumultuous disorder ; seditious uproar. 3. Agita- 
tion of thoughts 3 conflicting passions. 

STiR'A-BOUT, n. A Yorkshire dish formed of oat-meal, 
boiled in water to a certain consistency. Malone. 
STIR'1-A-TED, a. [L. stiria,din icicle.] Adorned with pen- 
dants like icicles. 

STIR'1-OUS, a. Resembling icicles. [Little used.] Brown. 
STiRK, n. A young ox or heifer. [Local.] 
t STiRP, 71. {L. stirps.] Stock ; race ; family. Bacon. 
STIRRED, p;?. Moved ; agitated 5 put in action. 
STiR'RER, n. 1. One who is in motion. 2. One who puts 
in motion, 3. A riser in the morning. 4. An inciter or 
exciter ; an instigator. 5. A stirrer up, an exciter j an 
instigator. 

STiR^RlNG, ppr. Moving ; agitating ; putting in motion. 
STiR'RING, lu The act of moving or putting in motion. 

* STIR^RUP, (ster'rup) n. [Sax. stige-rapa,] A kind of 
ring or bent piece of metal, horizontal on one side for 
receiving the foot of the rider, and attached to a strap 
which is fastened to the saddle , used to assist persons 
in mounting a horse, and to enable them to sit steadily in 
riding, as well as to relieve them by supporting a ]>art of 
the weight of the body. 

STIR'RUP-LEATH-ER, n. A strap that supports a stirrup. 
STITCH-, t. [G. sticken D. stikken ; Dan. stikker ^ Sw. 
sticka.] 1 , To sew in a particular manner ; to sew slight- 
ly or loosely. 2. To form land into ridges 3 [JV. England.] 
STITCH, V. i. To practice stitching. 

STITCH, n. 1. A single pass of a needle in sewing. 2. A 
single turn of the thread round a needle in knitting ; a 
link of yarn. 3. A land ; the space between two double 
furrows in ploughed ground. 4. A local, spasmodic pain ; 
an acute, lancing pain, like the piercing of a needle. 
STITCHED, pp. Sewed slightly. 

STITCH'EL, 71 , A kind of hairy wool. [Local.] 
STITCIPER, n. One that stitches. 

STITCIPER-Y, 71. Needlework ; in contempt. Shak. 
t STITCIPFALL-EN, a. Fallen, as a stitch in knitting. 
STITCH^ING, ppr. Sewing in a particular manner. 
STITCH'ING, 71. 1. The act of stitching. 2. Work done 
by sewing in a particular manner. 3. The forming of 
land into ridges or divisions. 

STITCH'-WoRT, 77 . A plant, camomile. [L. anthemis.] 
t STITH, a. [Sax.] Strong ; rigid. 

STITH'Y, 77. [Ice. stedia.] 1. An anvil 5 [local.] Shak. 
2. A disease in oxen. 

STIVE, V. I, [Se« Stuff and Stew.] 1. To stuff up close ; 
'little used ] Sand7js. 2. To make hot, sultry and close 3 
065 . 1 Wotton. 

STI'VER, 77. [Sw. stifver ; D. stuiver.] A Dutch coin of 
about the value of the cent of the United States. 

SToAK, V. t. To stop 3 to choke 5 in seamen’s language. 
SToAT, 77, An animal of the weasel kind 3 the ermine. 

I STo'GAH, n. [Ir. and Erse.] An attendant 3 a wallet- 
boy. 

STOC-CaDE^, 1 77. [It. staccato ; Sp, estocada ; Fr. estocade.] 
STOG-C-A'DO, \ 1. A stab 5 a thrust with a rapier. 2. A 

fence or barrier made with stakes or posts planted in the 
earth ; a slight fortification 5 see Stockade. 

I STO-€HAS^TIC, a. [Gr. aro^aoTiKos.] Conjectural 3 able 
to conjecture. Broion. 

STOCK, 77. [Sax. stoc ; G. stock 3 D., Dan. stok ; Sw. stock ; 
Fr. estoc ; It. stocco.] 1. The stem or main body of a tree or 
other plant ; the fixed, strong, firm part ; the origin and sup- 
port of the branches. .Tob xiv. 2. The stem in which a graft 
is inserted, and which is its support. 3. A post 3 something 
fixed, solid apd senseless. 4. A person very stupid, dull 
and senseless. 5. The handle of any thing. G. Tlie 
wood in which the barrel of a musket or other fire-arm is 
fixed. 7. A thrust with a rapier 5 [oZ 7 s.] 8 . A cravat or 

band for the neck. 9. A cover for the leg 3 [ofcs. now 
stocking.] 10. The original progenitor ; also, the race or 
line of a family 3 the progenitors of a fiimily and their 
direct descendants ; lineage 3 family. 11. A fund 3 capi- 
tal 3 the money or goods employed in trade, manufactures, 
insurance, banking, &c. 12. Money lent to government, 

or property in a public debt. 13. Supply provided ; store. 
— 14. In agriculture, the domestic animals or beasts be- 
longing to the owner of a farm ; as, a slock of cattle or of 
sheep. 15. Living beasts shipped to a foreign country. 
America. — 16. In the West Indies, the slaves of a planta- 
tion. 17. Stocks, plu., a machine consisting of two pieces 
of timber, in which the legs of criminals are confined by 
way of punishment. 18. The frame or timbers on which 
a ship rests while building. 19. The stock of an anchor 
is the piece of timber into which the shank is inserted. 
Mar. Dict.—'^O. In book-keeping, the owner or owners of 
the books. 


STOCK, V. t. 1. To store 3 to supply 3 to fill. 2. To lay up 
in store. 3. To put in the stocks 3 [little used.] 4. 3’o 
pack 3 to put into a pack. 6 . To supply with domestic 
animals. 6 . To supply with seed. American farmers. 7. 
To suffer cows to retain their milk for 24 hours or more, 
previous to sale. — To stock up, to extirpate 3 to dig up. 
Edwards, W. Indies. 

STOGK-aDE', 77. [See Stoccade.] 1. In foi'tificution, a 
sharpened post or stake set in the earth. 2. A line of 
posts or stakes set in the earth as a fence or barrier. 
STOCK-aDE', V. t. To surround or fortify with shari>ened 
j) 0 sts fixed in the ground. 

ST'OCK-aD'ED, pp. Fortified with stockades. 
STOGK-aDANG, ppr. Fortifying with sharpened posts or 
stakes. 

STOCK'BRoK-ER, n. A broker who deals in the purchase 
and sale of stocks or shares in the public funds. 
STOGK'-DoVE, 77. [stoc/c and dyyc.] The ring-dove. T)rij- 
den . 

STOCK'-FISH, 77. Cod dried hard and without salt. 
STOGK-GIL'LY-FLOW-ER, n. A plant, a species of che- 
iranthus sometimes written stock Jubj flower. 
STOCK'HoLD-Ell, n. A shareholder or proprietor of stock 
in the public funds, or in the funds of a bank or other 
company. United States. 

STOCKING, 77. [from stock / Ir. stoca.] A garment made 
to cover the leg. 

STOCK ING, V. t. To dress in stockings. Drijden. 
STOGK'ISH,a, Hard 3 stupid : blockish. [Little used.] Shak. 
STOCK'- JOB-BER, 77. [stock and job.] One who speculates 
in the public funds for gain 3 one whose occupation is to 
buy and sell stocks. 

STOGK'-JOB-BING, 77. The act or art of dealing in the 
public funds. Encyc. 

STOCK'-LOCK, 77 . [stoc/cand lock.] A lock fixed in wood. 
Mozon. 

STOCKS, See under Stock. 

STOGK'-STILL, a. Still as a fixed post 5 perfectly still. 
STOCK' Y, a. Thick and firm 3 stout. A stocky person is 
one rather thick than tall or corpulent. 

STo4C, 77. [Gr. otwikos .] A disciple of the philosopher 
Zeno, who founded a sect. He taught that men should be 
free from passion, unmoved by joy or grief. 

Sl’o'IC, } a. 1. Pertaining to the Stoics or to their doc- 
SToT-CAL, i trines. 2. Not affected by passion 3 unfeel- 
ii^g 3 manifesting indifference to pleasure or pain. 
ST()ff-GAL-LY, ado. In the manner of the Stoics 3 with- 
out apparent feeling or sensibility 3 with indifference to 
pleasure or pain. 

STo'I-CAL-NESS, n. The state of being Stoical 3 indiffer- 
ence to pleasure or pain. 

STo'I-CISM, 77. ]. The opinions and maxims of the Stoics. 
2. A real or pretended indifference to pleasure or pain 3 
insensibility. 

STOKE, Sax. stocc , stoc, place, is the same word as stock, 
differently applied. It is found in many English names 
of towns. 

STOKE, ) 77. One who looks after the fire in a brew-house. 
SToK'ER, i [Local or tecimical.] 

STOLE, pret. of steal. 

STOLE, 77. [L., It. stola; Sp. estola.] 1. A long vest or 
robe 5 a garment worn by the priests of some denomina- 
tions vvffien they officiate. 2. [L. stolo.] A sucker 3 a 
shoot from the root of a plant, by which some plants may 
be propagated 3 written, also, stool. 

STo'LEN, (sto ln)pp. The passive participle of steal. 
t STOL'ID, a. [L. stolidus.] Dull 3 foolish 3 stupid. 
STO-LID'I-TY, 77. Dullness of intellect 3 stupidity. [/>. 77.] 
STOL-O-NIF'ER-OTJS, a. [E. stolo and /ere.] Producing 
suckers 3 putting forth suckers. Martyn. 

SToM'ACH, 77 . [L. stomachus ; It. stomacho ; Fr. estomac.] 
1 . In animal bodies, a membranous receptacle, the o»gan 
of digestion, in vvdiich food is prepared for entering into 
the several parts of the body for its nourishment. 2, Ap- 
petite 3 the desire of food caused by hunger. 3. Incli- 
nation 3 liking. . 4. Anger 3 violence of temper. 5. Sul- 
lenness 3 resentment 3 willful obstinacy 3 stubbornness. 
G. Pride 3 haughtiness. 

SToM'ACH, V. t. [L. stomachor.] 1. To resent 3 to re- 
member with anger. 2. To brook 3 to bear without open 
resentment or without opposition 3 [not elegant.] 
t SToM'ACH, V. i. To be angry. Hooker. 
fSToM'A-CHAL, a. [Fr. stomacal.] Cordial 3 helping the 
stomach. Cotgrave. 

SToM'ACIIED, a. Filled with resentment. Shak. 
SToM'A-CHER, 77. An ornament or support to the breast, 
worn by females. Is. iii. Shak. 

SToM'ACH-FUL, a. Willfully obstinate 3 stubborn 3 per- 
verse. L’ Estrange. 

ST 6 M'ACH-F[JL-NESS, 77 . Stubbornness 3 sullenness 3 per- 
verse obstinacy. 

STO-MACH'IG, 1 a. 1. Pertaining to the stomach. 2. 
S'I'O-MACH'I-CAL, i Strengthening to the stomach 3 ex- 
citing the action of the stomach. 


Synopsis. A, li, I, O, U, Y, long.—F'A'R, FALL, WflAT 3 — PRgY 3 — PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3 — j Obsolete. 


STO 


795 


STO 


STO-MA€H'I€, n. A medicine that excites the action and 
strengthens the tone of the stomach, 
t SToAl'ACH-INGj n. Resentment. 
iST6M-A€H/LESS, a. Being without appetite. Hall. 
f ST6M'ACH-OUS, a. Stout ; sullen j obstinate. Spejiser. 
f SToM'A€H-Y, a. Obstinate ; sullen. Jennings. 

STOMP, for stmnp, which see. 
fSTOND, 7i. [for 6‘ta/trf.] A stop ; a post; a station. 
STONE, 71. [Sax. sta7ij Goth, staina i G. stein ; D., Dan. 
Steen.] 1. A concretion of some species of earth, as lime, 
silex, clay and the like, usually in combination with some 
species of air or gas, with sulphur or with a metallic sub- 
stance ; a hard, compact body, of any form and size. 2. 
A gem ; a precious stone. 3. Any thing made of stone ; 
a mirror. 4. A calculous concretion in the kidneys or 
bladder; the disease arising from a calculus. .5. A testicle. 
6. Tile nut of a drupe or stone-fruit ; or tJie hard covering 
inclosing the kernel, and itself inclosed by the pulpy 
pericarp. — 7. In Great Britain^ the weight of fourteen 
pounds. [8, 12, 14 or 16.] 8. A monument erected to pre- 
serve the memory of the dead. 9. It is used to express 
torpidness and insensibility. 10. Stone is prefixed to 
some words to qualify their signification. 

STONE, a. Made of stone, or like stone ; as, a storie jug. 
STONE, V. t. [Sax. stuenan.] 1. To pelt, beat or kill with 
stones. 2. I'o harden; [little 3. To free from 

stones. 4. To wall or face with stones ; to line or fortify 
wjtli- stones. 

SToNE'-BLlND,ct. Blind as a stone ; perfectly blind. 
SToNE'-BoW, n. A cross bow for shooting stones. 
SToNE^-BREaK, n. [L. saxifraga.] A plant. 
SToNE-CHAT, \ n. [stone and chatter.] A bird, 

SToNE'-CHAT-TER, ^ the motacilla rubicola. 
SToNE'-€RAY, n. A distemper in hawks. 
SToNE'-OROP, 77. [Sax. staa-crop.] A sort of tree; a 
plant. 

SToNE'CUT-TER, n. [stone and cut.] One whose occu- 
pation is to hew stones. Swift. 

SToNE'€UT-TING, 71. The business of hewing stones for 
walls, steps, cornices, monuments, &c. 

SToNED, pp. Pelted or killed with stones; freed from 
stones ; walled with stones. 

SToNE'-DEAD, a. As lifeless as a stone. 
l8ToNE'-FERN, 77. [stone fern.] A plant. 
SToNE^-FLY, 77. [stone and Xv*] An insecG Ainsworth. 
SToNE'-FRuIT, n. [stone and fruit.] Fruit whose seeds 
are covered with a hard shell enveloped in the pulp, as 
peaches, cherries, plums, &c.; a drupe. 

SToNE'-HAWK, 77. [sto77e and /iaTo/i.J A kind of hawk. 
SToNE'-IlEART-ED, or STo'NY-HEART-ED, a. Hard- 
hearted ; cruel ; pitiless ; unfeeling. 

SToNE'-HORSE, n. A horse not castrated. 
SToNE'-HOUSE, n. A house built of stone. 
SToNE'-PARS-LEY, n. A plant of the genus hubon. 
SToNE'-PIT, 77. A pit or quarry where stones are dug. 
EToNE'-PITCH, 77. Hard, inspissated pitch. 

SToNE -PL6V-ER, n. [stone and jjlover.] A bird. 
SToN'ER, 77. One who beats or kills with stones ; one who 
walls with stones. 

SToNES'-€AST, or SToNES'-THRoVV, n. The distance 
which a stone may be thrown by the hand. 
SToNE’S'-MIG-KLE, n. A bird. Ainsworth. 
SToNE'-SQ,TJaR-ER, 77. [stone and square.] One who 
forms stones into squares. 1 Kings v. 

SToNE'-STILL, a. [stone and still.] Still as a stone ; per- 
fectly still or motionless. 

SToNE'-WALL, n. A wall built of stones. 
SToNE'-WARE, n. [stone and ware.] A species of potter’s- 
ware of a coarse kind, glazed and baked. 
SToNE'-W6RK, n. [stone and work.] Work or wall con- 
sisting of stone ; mason’s work of stone. Mortimer. 
STO'NI-NESS, 77. 1. The quality of abounding with stones. 

2. Hardness of heart. Hammond. 

STo'NY, a. [D. steenig ; G. steinig.] 1. Made of stone. 
2. Consisting of stone. 3. Full of stones; abounding 
with stones. 4. Petrifying. 5. Hard ; cruel ; unrelenting ; 
pitiless. 6. Insensible ; obdurate ; perverse ; morally 
hard. 

STOOD, p ret. of stand. 

STOOK, 77 . [W. ystwc.] A small collection of sheaves set 
up in the field. [Local.] 

STOOK, V. t. To set up sheaves of grain in stooks. [Local.] 
ST66L, 77 . [Sax. stol ; Goth, stols ; G. stuhl ; D., Dan. stoel ; 
Sw. stot.] 1. A seat without a back ; a little form consist- 
ing of a board with three or four legs, intended as a seat 
for one person. 2. The seat used in evacuating the con- 
tents of the bowels ; hence, an evacuation ; a discharge 
from the bowels. 3. [L. stolo.] A sucker ; a shoot from 
the bottom of the stem or the root of a plant.— Stool of 
repentance, in Scotland, an elevated seat in the church, on 
which persons sit as a punishment for fornication and 
adultery. 

STOOL, V. i. In agriculUre, to ramify ; to tiller, as gram ; 
to shoot out suckers. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BlILL, UNITE. 


STOOL^-BALL, n. [stool and ball.] A play in which 
are driven from stool to stool. Prior. 

S'! OOM, V. t. To put bags of herbs or other ingredients ink? 

wine, to prevent fermentation. [Local.] 

STOOP, 77. 7. [Sax. st7/777a/7/ D. st77777 e 77 .J 1. To bend tl>e 
body downward and forward. 2. To bend or lean forward j 
to incline forward in standing or walking. 3. 7’o yield ; 
to submit ; to bend by compulsion, 4. To descend from 
rank or dignity ; to condescend. 5. To yield ; to be infe- 
rior. 6. To come down on prey, as a haw'k. 7. To alight 
from the wing. 8. To sink to a lower place. 

STOOP, 77. t. 1. To cause to incline downward; to sink. 

2. To cause to submit ; [little used.] 

STOOP, 77. 1. The act of bending the body forward ; in- 
clination forward. 2. Descent from dignity or superiority ; 
condescension. 3. Fall of a bird on his prey. — 4, In 
America, a kind of shed, generally open, but attached to a 
house ; also, an open place for seats at a door. 

STOOP, 77. [Sax. stoppa j D. stoop.] 1. A vessel of liquor. 

2. A post fixed in the earth ; [local.] 

STOOPED, 7 ip. Caused to lean. 

STOOP ER, 77. One that bends the body forward. 
STOOP'ING,pp?’. Bending the body forward; yielding; 

submitting; condescending; inclining. 

STOOP'ING-LY, adv. With a bending of the body forward. 
STOOR, V. i. To rise in clouds, as dust or smoke ; from the 
Welsli ystwr, a stir. [Local.] 

STOOT'ER, 77. A small silver coin in Holland, value 2i 
stivers. Encyc. 

STOP, r. t. [D. stoppen j G. stopfen ; Dan. stopper^ Sw’. 
stoppa ; It. stoppare.] 1. To close ; as an aperture, by 
filling or by obstructing. 2. To obstruct ; to render im- 
passable. 3. To hinder ; to impede ; to arrest progress. 
4. To restrain; to hinder ; to suspend. 5. To rejuess; to 
suppress; to restrain. C. To hinder; to check. 7. To 
hinder from action or practice. 8. To put an end to any 
motion or action ; to intercejjt. 9. To regulate the sound’s 
of musical strings. — 10. In seamanship, to make fast. 11. 
To point, as a written composition ; [ 77 ^ 6 ’.] 

STOP, V. i. 1. To cease to go forward. 2. To cease from 
any motion or course of action. 

STOP, 77 . 1. Cessation of progressive motion. 2. Ilinder- 
ance of progress ; obstruction ; act of stopping. 3. Re- 
pression ; hinderance of operation or action. 4. Interrup- 
tion. 5. Proliibition of sale. 6. I'hat which obstructs; 
obstacle ; impediment. 7. The instrument by which the 
sounds of wind-music are regulated. 8. Regulation of 
musical chords by the fingers. 9. The act of applying 
the stops in music. 10. A point or mark in writiiig, in- 
tended to distinguish the sentences, parts of a sentence or 
clauses, and to show the proper pauses in reading. 

STOP -COCK, 77 . [stop and cock.] A pipe for letting out a 
fluid, stopped by a turning-cock. Grew. 
fSTOP^-G AP, 77 . A temporary expedient, 
t STOP'LESS, a. Not to be stopped. Davenant. 
STOP'PAGE, 77 . The act of stopping or arresting progress 
or motion ; or the state of being stopped. 

STOPPED, 77 / 7 . Closed ; obstructed ; hindered from proceed- 
ing ; impeded ; intercepted, 

STOP'PER, 77 . 1. One who stops, closes, shuts or hinders ; 
that which stops or obstructs ; that which closes or fills a 
vent or hole in a vessel. — 2. In seameiJs language, a 
short piece of rope used for making something fast, as the 
anchor or cables. 

STOPTER, V. t. To close with a stopper. 

STOP'PERED, pp. Closed with a stopper. Henry. 
STOPTING, jipr. Closing ; shutting ; obstructing ; hinder- 
ing from proceeding ; ceasing to go or move. 

STOP'PLE, 77 . [Sw. sto 2 )p.] That which stops or closes the 
mouth of a vessel. 

SToR'AGE, 77. 1. The act of depositing in a store or ware- 
house for safe keeping ; or the safe keeping of goods in a 
warehouse. 2. The price charged or paid for keeping 
goods in a store. 

STo'RAX, 77 . [L. stijraxJ A plant or tree. 

STORE, 77. [W. 7/sto7*; Slix., Dan. stor ; Ir. stoi‘, storas.] 
1. A large number; [o&s.] 2. A large quantity; great 
plenty ; abundance. 3. A stock provided ; a large quan- 
tity for supply ; ample abundance. 4. Quantity accumu- 
lated ; fund ; abundance. 5. A storehouse ; a magazine ; a 
warehouse.— 8. In the United States, shops for the sale of 
goods of any kind, by wholesale or retail, are often called 
stores. — In store, in a state of accumulation, in a literal 
sense ; hence, in a state of preparation for supply, 
t STORE, a. Hoarded ; laid up ; as, store treasure. 
STORE, V. t. 1. To furnish ; to supply ; to replenish. 2. 
To stock against a future time. 3. To reposit in a store 
or warehouse for preservation ; to warehouse. 

STORED, pp. 1. Furnished; supplied. 2. Laid up in 
store ; warelioused. 

SToRE'-HOUSE, n. LA building for keeping gram or 
goods of anv kind ; a magazine ; a repository ; a ware- 
house. 2. *A repository. 3. A great mass reposited; 
[ 0 Z 7 .?,] 

■C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


STR 


STR 796 


ST5RE'-tCEEP-ER, rt. [store and keeper,'] A man who had 
the care of a store. 

SToR'ER, n. One who lays up, or forms a store. 

t S'T'O'RI-AL. a, [from story,] Historical. Chaucer. 

STo'RIED, a. [from story.] 1. Furnished with stories j 
adorned with historical paintings. 2. Related in story j 
told or recited in history. 

fSTo'RI-ER, 71. A relater of stories ; a historian. 

f STo'RI-F'?, V. t. To form or tell stories. Ch. R. Jippeal. 

STORK, 71. [Sax. store ; Dan., Sw. stork.] A large fowl of 
the genus ardea or heron. 

STORK’S'-BILL, n. A plant of the geruxs geranium. 

STORM, n. [Sax., D., Dan., Sw. storm; G. sturm.] 1. A 
violent wind ; a tempest. 2. A violent assault on a forti- 
fied place ; a furious attempt of troops to enter and take 
a fortified place by scaling the walls, forcing the gates, 
and the like. 3. Violent civil or political commotion j 
sedition ; insurrection ; also, clamor ; tumult; disturbance 
of the public peace. 4. Affliction ; calamity ; distress ; 
adversity. 5. Violence; vehemence; tumultuous force. 

STORM, V. t. To assault ; to attack and attempt to take 
by scaling the walls, forcing gates or breaches, and the 
like. 

STORM, V, i. ]. To raise a tempest. 2. To blow with 
violence ; impersonally. 3. To rage ; to be in a violent 
agitation <^f passion ; to fume. 

STORM'-BkAT, a. Beaten or impaired by storms. 

STORMED, pp. Assaulted by violence. 

STORM'I-NESS, n. Tempestuousness ; the state of being 
agitated by violent winds. 

STORM'ING, ppr. Attacking with violent force ; raging. 

STORM'Y, a. 1. Tempestuous ; agitated with furious 
winds ; boisterous. 2. Proceeding from violent agitation 
or fury. 3. Violent ; passionate ; [unusual.] 

STo^RV, n. [Sax. stavy ster ; It. storia ; L. historia.] 1. A 
verbal narration or recital of a series of facts or incidents. 
2. A written narrative of a series of facts or events. 3. 
History ; a written narrative or account of past transac- 
tions, whether relating to nations or individuals. 4. Pet- 
ty tale ; relation of a single incident or of trifling inci- 
dents. 5. A trifling tale ; a fiction ; a fable ; as, the story 
of a fairy. 6. A loft; a floor; or a set of rooms on the 
same floor or level. 

STo'RY, t;. t. 1. To tell in historical relation ; to narrate. 
2. To range one under another ; [1. u.] Bentley. 

STo'RY-TELL-ER, n. [story and tell.] 1. One who tells 
stories ; a narrator of a series of incidents. 2. A histori- 
an ; in contempt. 3. One who tells fictitious stories. 

fSTGT, 71. [Sax. stotte.] 1. Ahorse. 2. A young bullock 
or steer. 

STOTE. See Stoat. 

f STOUND, V, i. [Ice. stunde.] 1. To be in pain or sorrow. 
2. Stunned ; see Astound. 

t STOUND, 71. I. Sorrow; grief. 2. A shooting pain. 3. 
Noise. 4. Astonishment ; amazement. -5. [Dan. 

Hour ; time ; season. 6. A vessel to put small beer in ; 
[local.] 

t STOUR, 71. [Sax. styrian.] A battle or tumult. 

STOUT, a. [D. Dan. stO(Ze7*.] 1. Strong; lusty. 2. 

Bold ; intrepid ; valiant ; brave. 3. Large ; bulky. 4. 
Proud; resolute; obstinate. 5. Strong; firm. 

STOUT, 71. A cant name for strong beer. Sioift. 

STOUT'LY, ado. Lustily ; boldly ; obstinately. 

STOUT'NESS, 71. 1. Strength ; bulk. 2. Boldness ; for- 
titude. 3. Obstinacy; stubbornness. Shak. 

STOVE, 71. [Sax. stofa ; Sw. stufoa ; D. stoof ; It. stufa.] 
1. A hot-house ; a house or room artificially warmed. 2. 
A small box with an iron pan, used for holding coals to 
warm the feet. 3. An iron box, cylinder or fire-place, in 
which fire is made to warm an apartment. 4. An iron 
box, with various apartments in it for cooking ; a culina- 
ry utensil of various forms. 

STOVE, V. t. To keep warm in a house or room by artifi- 
cial heat. 

STOVE, pret. of stave. 

ST6 V'ER, n. [a contraction of estover.] Fodder for cattle ; 
primarily, fodder from threshed grain. 

SToW, V. t. [Sax. stoio ; G. stauen ; D. shtwen ; Dan. stu- 
ver ; Sp., Port, cstivar.] 1. To place ; to put in a suita- 
ble place or position. 2. To lay up ; to reposit. 

SToW'AGE, n. 1. The act or operation of placing in a 
suitable position ; or the suitable disposition of several 
things together. 2. Room for the reception of things to 
be reposited. 3. The state of being laid up. 4. Money 
paid for stowing goods ; [little used.] 

SToWED, pp. Placed in due position or order. 

SToW'ING, ppr. Placing in due position ; disposing in 
good order. 

STRA'BISM, 71. [L. strabismus.] A squinting ; the act or 
habit of looking asquint. 

STRAD'DLE, v. i. To part the legs wide ; to stand or walk 
with the legs far apart. 

STRAD DLE, v. t. To place one leg on one side and the 
other on the other of any thing. , 


STRAD'DLING, ppr. Standing or walking with the legs 
far apart ; placing one leg on one side and the other on the 
other. 

STRAG'GLE, (strag'l) v. i. 1. To wander from the direct 
course or way ; to rove. 2. To wander at large without 
any certain direction or object; to ramble. 3. To exuber- 
ate ; to shoot too far in growth. 4. To be dispersed ; to 
be apart from any main body. 

STRAG'GLER, 7/. ]. A wanderer; a rover; one that de- 
parts from the direct or proijer course. Swift. 2. A vaga- 
bond ; a wandering, shiftless fellow. 3. Something that 
shoots beyond the rest, or too far. 4. Something that 
stands by itself. 

STRAG'GLING, ppr. Wandering; roving; rambling; be- 
ing in a separate position. 

STRaHL'STEIN, 71. [G. strahl and stein.] Another name 
of actinolite. Ure. 

STRAIGHT, (strate) a. [L. strictus ; Sax. strac ; Fr. etroit ; 
It. st7'ctto ; Sp. estrecho ; Port, estreito.] 1. Right, m a 
mathematical sense ; direct ; passing from one point to an- 
other by the nearest course ; not deviating or crooked. 2. 
Narrow; close; tight. 3. Upright; according with jus- 
tice and rectitude ; not deviating from truth or fair- 
ness. 

STRAIGHT, (strate) arfa. Immediately; directly; in the 
shortest time. 

STRAIGHT'EN, (stra'tn) v. t. 1. To make straight ; to re- 
duce from a crooked to a straiglit form. 2. To make nar- 
row, tense or close ; to tighten. 3. To reduce to difiicul- 
ties or distress. 

STRAIGHT'ENED, pp. Made straight ; made narrow. 

STRAIGHT'EN-ER, n. He or tliat which straiglitens. 

STRAIGHT'EN-ING, ppr. Making straight or narrow. 

Sl'RAIGHT'FoRTH, a(Z«. Directly; thenceforth. 

STRAIGHT'LY, adv. 1. In a right line; not crookedly. 
2. Tightly ; closely. 

STRAIGHT'NESS, (strate'nes) n. 1. The quality or state 
of being straight ; rectitude. Bacon. 2. Narrowness ; 
tension ; tightness. 

STRAIGHTAWAY, (strate'wa) adv. [straight and rra?/.] 
Immediately ; without loss of time ; without delay. — 
Straiyrhtways is obsolete. 

STRAIKS, 71. Strong plates of iron on the circumference of 
a cannon wheel over the joints of the fellies. 

STRAIN, V. t. [Fr. etreindre ; It. strignere ; Sp. cstrenir ; 
L. strincro.] 1. To stretch ; to draw with force; to ex- 
tend with great eflbrt. 2. To cause to draw witli force, 
or witli excess of exertion ; to injure by pressing with too 
much eflbrt. 3. To stretch violently or by violent exer- 
tion. 4. To put to the utmost strength. 5. To press or 
cause to pass through some porous substance ; to purify or 
separate from extraneous matter by filtration ; to filter. 
6. To sprain ; to injure by drawing or stretching. 7. To 
make tighter ; to cause to bind closer. 8. To force ; to 
constrain ; to make uneasy or unnatural. 

STRAIN, V. i. 1. To make violent efforts. 2. To be fil- 
tered. 

STRAIN, 7?. A violent effort ; a stretching or exertion of 
the limbs or muscles, or of any thing else. 2. An injury 
by excessive exertion, drawing or stretching. 3. Style ; 
continued manner of speaking or W'riting. 4. Song; 
note; sound; or a particular part of a tune. 5. Turn ; 
tendency ; inborn disposition. 6. Manner of speech or 
action. 7. Race ; generation ; descent ; [ofc.] 8. He- 
reditary disposition ; [o^/5.] 9. Rank; character; [eZ)5.] 

fSTRAINAA-BLE, a. Capable of being strained. Bacon. 

STRAINED, pp. Stretched; violently exerted ; filtered. 

STRAIN'ER, n. That through whicli any liquid passes for 
purification ; an instrument for filtration. 

STRAIN'ING, ppr. Stretching ; exerting with violence ; 
making great efforts ; filtering. 

STRAIN'ING, n. The act of stretching; the act of filter- 
ing ; filtration. 

fSTRAlNT, 71. A violent stretching or tension. Spenser. 

STRAIT, a. [See Straight.] 1. Narrow; close; not 
broad. 2. Close; intimate, as, a strait degree of favor. 
Sidney. 3. Strict; rigorous. 4. Difficult ; distressful. 5. 
Straight ; not crooked. 

STRAIT, 71. [See Straight.] 1. A narrow pass or 
passage, either in a mountain or in the ocean, between 
continents or other portions of land. 2. Distress ; difficul- 
ty ; distressing necessity ; formerly written streight. 

fSTRAlT,'’?;. t. To put to difficulties. Shak. 

STRAIT'EN, (stra'tn) v.t. 1. To make narrow. 2. To 
contract ; to confine. 3. To make tense or tight. 4. To 
distress ; to perplex ; to press with poverty or other neces* 
sity. 5. To press by want of sufficient room. 

STRAIT'-HAND-ED, a. [strait and hand.] Parsimonious ; 
sparing ; niggardly. [Wot nnich used.] 

STRAIT-HAND'ED-NESS, n. Niggardliness ; parsimony. 
Hall. 

STRAIT'-LACED, a. ^trait and lace.] 1. Griped witli 
stays. Locke. 2. Stiff; constrained. 3. Rigid in opin- 
ion ; strict. . 


• * See Sijnopsis. A, E, I, 5, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PRfiY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


STR 


797 


STRaIT'LY, adv. 1. Narrowly j closely. 2. Strictly j 
rigorously. 3. Closely; intimately. 

STKaIT'NESS, 7/. 1. Narrowness. 2. Strictness; rigor. 
3. Distress; difficulty; pressure from necessity of any 
kind, particularly^ from poverty. 4. Want ; scarcity ; or 
rather narrowness. 

STRAtT'-WAIST-eoAT, or STRaIT'-JA€K-ET, n. An 
apparatus to confine the limbs of a distracted person, 
f STRAKE, pret. of atrilce. .SecSmiKE. 

STRAKE, 71. [Sp. traca.J 1. A streak ; [not used, unless 
in reference to the range of planks in a skip’s side ; see 
Streak.] 2. A narrow hoard ; [wZ>s.] 3. Tlie iron band 
of a wheel ; [in the United States, this is called a band, 
or the tire of a wheel.] 

STRAM, V. i. [Dan. ^traTTirner.] To spread out tlie limbs ; 

to sprawl. [Local and vulgar.] 

STRAi\DASH, v. t. [It. sti'amazzare.] To strike, beat or 
bang ; to break ; to destroy. [Local and vulgar.] Orose. 
STK.A-MIN^E-OUS, a. [L. stramineus.] ]. Strawy; con- 
sisting of straw. 2. Chaify ; like straw ; light. 

STRAND, n. [Sax., G., D., Dan., Sw. strand.] ]. The 
shore or beach of the sea or ocean, or of a large lake, and, 
perhaps, of a navigable river. 2. [Russ, stru/ia.] One of 
the twists or parts of which a rope is composed. 
Sl’RAND, t. 1. To drive or run aground on the sea- 
shore, as a ship. 2. To break one of the strands of a 
rope. 

STRAND, V. i. To drift or be driven on shore; to run 
aground. 

STRAND'ED, pp. 1. Run ashore. 2. Having a strand 
broken. 

STRAND^ING, ppr. Running ashore ; breaking a strand. 
STR ANG, a. Strong. Used in the JVorth of England. 
STRaNGE, a. [Fr. etrange ; It. strano ; Sp. extrano.] 1. 
Foreign ; belonging to another country ; [Z. u.] 2. Not 

domestic; belonging to otiiers ; [nearly oZ/s.] 3. New; 
not before known, heard or seen. 4. Wonderful ; caus- 
ing surprise ; exciting curiosity. 5. Odd ; unusual ; irreg- 
ular ; not according to the common way. 6. Remote ; 
[G u.] 7. Uncommon ; unusual. 8. Unacquainted. 9. 

Strange is sometimes uttered by way of exclamation, 
t STRANGE, V. t. To alienate ; to estrange, 
t STRANGE, V. i. 1. To wonder; to be astonished. 2. To 
be estranged or alienated. 

STRANGE'LY, adv. 1. With some relation to foreigners ; 
[oZ>s.] 2. Wonderfully ; in a manner or degree to excite 
surprise or wonder. 

STRANGE'NESS, 71. 1. Foreignness ; the state of belong- 
ing to another country. 2. Distance in behavior ; re- 
serve ; coldness ; forbidding manner. 3. Remoteness 
from common manners or notions ; uncouthness. 4. 
Alienation of mind ; estrangement ; mutual dislike ; [o&s., 
or 1. 71.] 5. Wonderfulness; the power of exciting sur- 
prise and wonder ; uncommonness that raises wonder by 
novelty. 

STRaN'GER, 7J. [Fr. etranger.] 1. A foreigner ; one who 
belongs to another country. 2. One of another town, city, 
state or province in the same country. 3. One unknown. 
4. One unacquainted. 5. A guest; a visitor. G. One 
not admitted to any communication or fellowship. — 7. In 
law, one not privy or party to an act. 
fSTRAN'GER, v. t. To estrange ; to alienate. Sha/c. 
STRAN'GLE, V. t. [Fr. etrangler ; It. strangolare ; L. 
strangulo.] I. To choke; to suffocate; to destroy life 
by stopping respiration. 2. To suppress ; to hinder from 
birth or appearance. 

STRAN'GLED, pp. Choked; suffocated; suppressed. 
STRAN'GLER, 71. One who strangles. 

STRAN'GLES, ?i. Swellings in a horse’s throat. 
STRAN'GLING, ppr. Choking; suffocating. 
STRAN'GLING, n. The act of destroying life by stopping 
respiration. 

STR AN'GU-LA-TED, a. Compressed. 
STRAN-GU-IiA'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. strangulatio.] 1. The 
act of strangling ; the act of destroying life by stopping 
respiration ; suffocation. 2. That kind of suffocation 
which is common to women in hysterics ; also, the strait- 
ening or compression of the intestines in hernia. Cyc. 
STRAN-Gu'RI-OUS, a. Denoting the pain of strangury. 
Cheyne. 

STRAN^GU-RY, n. [L. stranguria ; Gr. crgayyovpia.] 
Literally, a discharge of urine by drops ; a difficulty of 
discharging urine, attended with pain. 

STRAP, 71. [D. strops Dan.,Sw. strop ; Sax. stropp.] 1. A 
long, narrow slip of cloth or leather, of various forms and for 
various uses. — 2. In botany, the flat part of the corollet in 
liffulate florets ; also, an appendage to the leaf in some 
grasses. 

STRAP, v.t. 1. To beat or chastise with a strap. 2. To 
fasten or bind with a strap. 3. To rub on a strap for 
sliarpening, as a razor. 

STRAP-PA'DO, n. [It. strappata.] A military punishment 
formerly practiced. Shak. 

STRAP-Pa'DO, V. t. To torture. J\filto7i. 


STR 


as, stra- 


STRAP'PING, 1. Drawing on a strap, as a razor. 2. 
Binding with a strap. 3. a. Tall ; lusty. 

STRAP '-SHAPED, a. In botany, ligulate. 

ST Ra' PA, n. pin. [See Stratum.] Beds ; layers ; 
ta of sand, clay or coal. 

S I R A I 'A-GEM, 71 . [L. stratagema j Fr. stratage7iie ; It. 
sti'atagcmma.] 1. An artifice, particularly in Tear ; a 
plan or scheme for deceiving an enemy. 2. Any arufice ; 
a trick by which some advantage is intended to be ob- 
tained. 

t ST'R AT-A-GEIVI'I-CAL, a. Full of stratagems. Swift. 

STRA'TEGE, I 71. [Gr. aTparrjyog.] An Athenian general 

STRAT'E-GUS, i ^ officer. Mitford. 

[STRATH, 71. [W. 7jstrad.] A vale, bottom or low ground 
between hills. 

STRAT-I-FI-€A'TION, n. 1. The process by which sub- 
stances in the earth liave been formed into strata or lay- 
ers. 2. The state of being formed into layers in the 
earth. 3. The act of laying in strata. 

STRAT'I-FiED, pp. Formed into a layer. 

STRAT'I-FY, V. t. [Fr. stratijicr, from L. stratum,] 1. To 
form into a layer, as substances in tlie earth. 2. To lay 
in strata. 

STR7\.T'1-F^^-ING, ppr. Arranging in a layer. 


STRA-TOU'R A-CY, n. [Gr. erpurof and xpurew.] A mili- 
tary government ; government by military chiefs and an 
army. Guthrie. 

t SrRA-TOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. crpaTog and ypa<po).] De- 
scription of armies, or what belongs to an army. 

STRa'T’UM, 71 . ; plu. Stratums, or Strata. The latter is 
most common. [L.] 1. In geology and mineralogy, a 

layer; any species of earth, sand, coal and the like, ar- 
ranged in a flat form, distinct from the adjacent matter. 
2. A bed or layer artificially made. 

t STR AUGHT, 7777. for stretched. Chaucer. 

STRA VY, 71. [Sax. streow ; G. stroh ; D. stroo ; Dan. straac ; 
Sw. stra.] I. The stalk or stem of certain sjiecies of 
grain, pulse, &c. chiefly of wheat, rye, oats, barley, buck- 
wheat and peas. 2. A mass of the stalks of certain spe- 
cies of grain when cut, and after being thrashed. 3. Any 
thing proverbially worthless. 

STRAW, V. t. To spread or scatter. See Strew and Strow. 

STRAW'BER-RY, 71. [straw ond berry ; Sax. straw-berie.] 
A plant and its fruit, of the genus fragaria. 

STRAVV'BER-RY-TREE, 71. An evergreen tree. 

STR AVV'-BUTLT, a. Constructed of straw. 

STRA W'-CoL-OR, 71. The color of dry straw ; a beautiful 
yellowish color. 

STRAW'-€GL-ORED, a. Of a light yellow, the color of 
dry straw. 

STRAVV'-CUT-TER, n. An instrument to cut straw for 
fodder. 

STRAW'-DRaLN, 71. A drain filled with straw. 

STRAW'-STUFFED, a. Stuffed with straw. Hall. 

STRAW'-WoRM, 71. [straw and Tjcomi.] A worm bred in 
straw. 


STRAW'Y, a. 1. Made of straw; consisting of straw. 
Boyle. 2. Like straw ; light. 

STRAY, V. i. [Sax. streega7i, stregan; G. streichen.] 1. To 
wander, as from a direct course ; to deviate or go out of 
the way. 2. To wander from company, or from the 
proper limits. 3. To rove ; to wander from the path of 
duty or rectitude ; to err ; to deviate. 4. To wander ; to 
rove at large ; to play free and unconfined. 5. To wan 
der ; to run a serpentine course. 

[STRAY, v.t. To mislead. Shak. 

STRAY, n. 1. Any domestic animal that has left an inclo- 
sure and wanders at large, or is lost. 2. The act of wan- 
dering ; [little used.] 

STRaY'ER, 71. A wanderer. [Little used.] 

STRAY'ING, ppr. Wandering; roving; departing. 

STRkAK, 71. [Sax. strica, stric ; G. strcich and strich ; D. 
streek.] 1. A line or long mark of a different color from 
the ground ; a stripe. — 2. In a ship, a uniform range of 
planks on the side or bottom ; sometimes pronounced 
strcijce. Afar. Diet. 

STReAK, v.t. 1. To form streaks or stripes in ; to stripe ; 
to variegate with lines of a diflerent color or of different 
colors. ^ 2. To stretch ; [not elegant.] Chapma7i. 

STRkAK, V. i. To run sw’iftly. [ Vulgar in JY. England.] 

STRkAKED, pp. Marked or variegated with stripes of a. 
different color. 

STRkAK'ING, ppr. Making streaks in. 

STReAK'Y, a. Having stripes ; striped ; variegated with 
lines of a different color. 

stream, 71. [Sax. ^stream G. strom ^ D. strvo7n ; Dan. 
strorn ; Sw. strom.] 1. A current of water or other 
fluid ; a liquid substance flowing in a line or course, 
either on the earth, as a river or brook, or from a vessel 
or other reservoir or fountain. 2. A river, brook or rivu- 
let. 3. A current of water in the ocean. 4. A current 
of melted metal or other substance. 5. Any thing issuing 
from a source and moving with a continued succession 


* See Sijnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BiJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII 3 TH as in this. [ Obsolets 


STR 


798 


STR 


parts. 6. A continued current or course ; [0&5.] 7. A 
current of air or gas, or of light. 8. Current j drift j as of 
opinions or manners. 9. Water. 

STREAM, V. i. 1. To flow ; to move or run in a contin- 
uous current. 2. To emit ; to pour out in abundance. 3. 
To issue with continuance, not by fits. 4. To issue or 
shoot in streaks. 5. To extend 3 to stretch in a long 
line. 

stream, V. t. To mark with colors or embroidery in long 
tracts. 

STReAM'ER, n. An ensign or flag j a pennon extended or 
flowing in the wind 3 a poetic use of the word. 
STReAM'ING, ppr. 1. Flowing 3 running in a current. 
2. Emitting 5 pouring out in abundance. 3. Flowing 3 
floating loosely, as a flag. 

STReAM'LET, n. A small stream 5 a rivulet ; a rill. 
STReAM'-TIN, n. Particles or masses of tin found be- 
neath the surface of alluvial ground. Eucyc. 

STReAM/Y, a. 1. Abounding with running water. 2. 

Flowing with a current or streak. Pope. 
f STREEK, V. t. [Sax. streccan.] To lay out, as a dead 
body. 

STREET, n. [Sax. streete^ strete ; G. strasse ; D. straat ; 
Sw. strut j Dan. streede ; It. strada j Sp. estrada.l 1. 
Properly^ a paved way or road 3 but in usage, any way or 
road in a city, chiefly a main way, in distinction from a 
lane or alley. — 2. Among the people of J\reic England, any 
public highway. — 3. Streets, plural, any public way, rc'ad 
or place. 

STREET'-WALK-ER, n. [street and walk.] A common 
prostitute that offers herself to sale in the streets. 
STREET'-WARD, n. [street and tcard.] Formerly, an offi- 
cer who had the care of the streets. Cowel. 
t STREIGHT, n. A narrow. See Strait. 
f STREIGHT, adv. Strictly. See Strait. 
t STRENE, n. Race 3 offspring. Chaucer. 

STRENGTH, n. [Sax. strength, from streng, strong.] I. 
That property or quality of an animal body by which it is 
enabled to move itself or other bodies. We say, a man 
has strength to lift a weight, or to draw it. This quality 
is called also power and force. But force is also used to 
denote the effect of strength exerted, or the quantity of 
motion. Strength, in this sense, is positive, or the power 
of producing positive motion or action, and is opposed to 
weakness. 2. Firmness 3 solidity or toughness 3 the qual- 
ity of bodies by which they sustain the application of 
force without breaking or yielding. 3. Power or vigor of 
any kind. 4. Power of resisting attacks 3 fastness. 5. 
Support 3 that which supports 3 that which supplies 
strength 3 security. 6. Power of mind 3 intellectual 
force 3 the power of any faculty. 7. Spirit 3 animation. 
8. Force of writing 3 vigor 3 nervous diction. 9. Vivid- 
ness. 10. Spirit 3 the quality of any liquor which has the 
power of affecting the taste, or of producing sensible ef- 
fects on other bodies. 11. The virtue or spirit of any 
vegetable, or of its juices or qualities. 12. Legal or moral 
force 3 validity 3 the quality of binding, uniting or secur- 
ing. 13. Vigor 3 natural force. 14. That which supports 3 
confidence. 15. Amount of force, military or naval 3 an 
army or navy 3 number of troops or ships well appointed. 
16. Soundness 3 force 3 the quality that convinces, per- 
suades or commands assent. 17. Vehemence 3 force pro- 
ceeding from motion and proportioned to it. 18. Degree 
of brightness or vividness. 19. Fortification 3 fortress 3 
[06s.] 20. Support 3 maintenance of power 3 [06s.] 

t STRENGTH, v. t. To strengthen. 

STRENGTIFEN, (strength'n) v. t. 1. To make strong or 
stronger 3 to add strength to, either physical, legal or 
moral. 2. To confirm 3 to establish. 3. 'I'o animate 3 to 
encourage 3 to fix in resolution. 4. To cause to increase 
in power or security. 

STRENGTH'EN, v. i. To grow strong or stronger. 
STRENGTH'ENED, pp. Made strong or stronger. 
STRENGTH'EN-ER, n. 1. That which increases strength. 
— 2. In medicine, something which, taken into the system, 
increases the action and energy of the vital powers. 
STRENGTH'EN-ING, ppr. Increasing strength, physical 
or moral 5 confirming 3 animating. 

STRENGTH'LESS, a. 1. Wanting strength 3 destitute of 
power. 2. Wanting spirit 3 [Z. m.] Boyle. 
STREN'U-OUS, a. [L. strenuus : H. strenuo.] 1. Eagerly 
pressing or urgent 3 zealous 3 ardent. 2. Bold and ac- 
tive 3 valiant, intrepid and ardent. 

STREN'U-OUS-LY, adv. 1. With eager and pressing zeal 3 
ardently. 2. Boldly 3 vigorously 3 actively. 
STREN'LJ-OUS-NESS, n. Eagerness 3 earnestness 3 active 
zeal 3 ardor in pursuit of an object. 

STREP'ENT, a. [L. strepens.] Noisy 3 loud. [Little used.] 
Shenstonc. 

STREP'ER-OUP,- a. [\j. strepo.] Loud 3 boisterous. [L.u.] 
STRESS, n. [\N .trais, treissaw Ir. Z7*ejsc.] 1. Force 3 ur- 
gency 3 pressure 3 importance 3 that which bears with 
most weight. 2. Force or violence. 3. Force 3 violence 3 
strain. 


STRESS, V. t. To press 3 to urge 3 to distress 3 to put td 
difficulties. [Little used.] Spenser. 

STRETCH, V. t. [Sax. streccan ; D.strekkeni G.strecken*, 
Dan. strekker.] 1. To draw out to greater length 3 to ex- 
tend in a line. 2. To extend in breadth. 3. To spread 5 
to expand. 4. To reach 3 to extend. 5. To spread 3 to 
display. 6. To draw or pull out in length 3 to strain. 7. 
To make tense 3 to strain. 8. To extend mentally. 9. 
To exaggerate 3 to extend too far. 

STRETCH, V. i. 1. To be extended 3 to be drawn out in 
length or in breadth, or both. 2. To be extended 3 to 
spread. 3. To stretch to, is to reach. 4. To be extended 
or to bear extension without breaking, as elastic sub- 
stances. 5. To sally beyond the truth 3 to exaggerate. — ■ 
6. In navigation, to sail 3 to direct a course. 7. To make 
violent efforts in running. 

STRETCH, n. 1. Extension in length or in breadth 3 reach. 
2. Effort 3 struggle 3 strain. 3. Force of body 3 straining, 
4. Utmost extent of meaning. 5. Utmost reach of power. 
— 6. In sailing, a tack 3 the reach or extent of progress ou 
one tack. 7. Course 3 direction. % 

STRETCHED, pp. Drawn out in length 3 extended 3 exert- 
ed to the utmost. 

STRETCHIER, n. 1. He or that which stretches, 2. A 
term in bricklaying. 3. A piece of timber in building. 
4. A narrow piece of pla'nk placed across a boat for the 
rowers to set their feet against. 

STRETCIPING, ppr. Drawing out in length 3 extending 5 
spreading 3 exerting force. 

* STREW, V. t. [Goth, straw an Sax. streawian, streow- 
ian ; G.streuen / D. strooijen ; Dan. strder ; Sw. sZr5.] 1 . 
To scatter 3 to spread by scattering 3 always applied to 
dry substances separable into parts or particles. 2. To 
spread by being scattered over. 3. To scatter loosely. 

* STREWED, pp. 1. Scattered 3 spread by scattering. 2. 
Covered or sprinkled with something scattered. 

* STREWflNG, ppr. Scattering 3 spreading over. 

* STREW'ING, n. 1. The act of scattering or spreading 
over. 2. Any thing fit to be strewed. Shak. 

* t STREW'MENT, n. Any thing scattered in decoration. 

STRl^A5, n.plu. [L.] In /mZuraZ /ii^Zory, small channels in 

the shells of cockles and in other substances. 

STRi'ATE, I a. 1. Formed with small channels 3 chan- 

STRl'A-TED, ^ neled. — 2. In botany, streaked 3 marked 

or scored with superficial or very slender lines 3 marked 
wiUi fine parallel lines. 

STRl'A-TURE, n. Disposition of striae. Woodward. 

t STRICK, n. [Gr. ,* L. strix.] A bird of ill omen. 

STRICK'EN, pp. of strike. 1. Struck 3 smitten. Spenser. 
2. Advanced 3 worn 3 far gone 3 [o/>5.] 

STRIC'KLE, n. 1. A strike 3 an instrument to strike grain 
to a level with the measure. [In the United States, the 
word strike is used.] 2. An instrument for whetting 
sylhes. 

STRICT, a. [L. sZ7-icZii5.] 1. Strained 3 drawn close ; 
tight 3 as, a strict embrace. 2. Tense 3 not relaxed. 3. 
Exact 3 accurate 3 rigorously nice. 4. Severe 3 rigorous ; 
governed or governing by exact rules 3 observing exact 
rules. 5. Rigorous 3 not mild or indulgent. 6. Confined; 
limited 3 not with latitude. 

STRICT'LY, adv. 1. Closely 3 tightly. 2. Exactly 3 with 
nice accuracy. 3. Positively. 4. Rigorously 3 severely 3 
without remission or indulgence. 

STRICT'NESS, n. 1. Closeness 3 tightness 3 opposed to 
laxity. 2. Exactness in the observance of rules, laws, 
rites and the like 3 rigorous accuracy 3 nice regularity or 
precision. 3. Rigor 3 severity. 

STRICT'URE, 71. [L. sZ7acZ«ra.] 1. A stroke 3 a glance 3 
a touch. 2. A touch of criticism 3 critical remark 3 cen- 
sure. 3. A drawing 3 a spasmodic or other morbid con- 
traction of any passage of the body. 

STRIDE, n. [Sax. streede.] A long step. Sicift. 

STRIDE, v.i.j pret. strid, strode', strid, st 7 'idden. 1. 
To walk with long steps. 2. To straddle. 

STRIDE, V. t. To pass over at a step. Jirbuthnot. 

STRTDHNG, ppr. Walking with long steps 3 passing over 
at a step. 

STRPDOR, n. [L.] A harsh, creaking noise, or a crack. 

STRID'U-LOUS, a. [L. sfrjViuZiii'.] Making a small, harsh 
sound, or a creaking. Brown. 

STRIFE, n. [Norm. c^Zrty.] 1. Exertion or contention for 
superiority ; contest of emulation, either by intellectual or 
physical efforts. 2. Contention in anger or enmity 3 con- 
test 3 struggle for victory 3 quarrel or war. 3. Opposition 3 
contrariety 3 contrast. 4. The agitation produced by dif- 
ferent qualities 3 [little used.] 

STRTFE'FIJIi, a. Contentious 3 discordant. Spenser. 

I STRIG'MENT, n. [L. strigmentum.] Scraping 3 that 
which is scraped off. Broion. 

STRi'GOUS, a. [E. strigosiis.] In botany, a strigous leaf is 
one set with stiff, lanceolate bristles. 

STRIKE, V. t. ; pret. struck ; pp. struck and stricken^ but 
struck is in the most common use. Strook is wholly obso- 
lete. [Sax. astrican j D. stryken ^ G. streichen.] 1. To 


* See Synopsis.> A, E, T, o, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT 3 — PREY 3 — PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3 — | Obsolete. 


STll 


799 


STR 


touch or hit with some force, either with the hand or an 
instrument; to give a blow to. 2. To dash; to throw 
with a quick motion. 3. To stamp ; to impress ; to coin. 

4. To tlirust in ; to cause to enter or penetrate. 5. To 

punish ; to afflict. C. To cause to sound ; to notify by 
sound. — 7. In seamanship, to lower; to let down; as, to 
strike sail. 8. To impress strongly ; to affect sensibly 
with strong emotion. 9. To make and ratify. 10. To 
produce by a sudden action. 11. To affect in some par- 
ticular manner by a sudden imi)ression or impulse. 12. 
To level a measure of grain, salt or the like, by scraping 
off with a straight instrument what is above the level of 
the t(/p. 13. To lade into a cooler. 14. To be adv’^anced 

or worn with age ; used in the participle . 15. To run on ; 
to ground, as a ship.— strike up. 1. To cause to sound ; 
to l)egin to beat. 2. d'o begin to sing or play. — To strike 
off. J. To erase from an account ; to deduct. 2. To im- 
press ; to print. 3. To separate by a blow or any sudden 
action. — To strike out. 1. To produce by collision; to 
lorce out. 2. To blot out ; to effiice ; to erase. 3. To 
form something new by a quick effort ; to devise ; to in- 
vent ; to contrive. 

STRIKE, v.i. 1. To make a quick blow or thrust. 2. To 
hit; to collide ; to dash against; to clash. 3. To sound 
by percussion ; to be struck. 4. To make an attack. 5. 
d’o hit ; to touch ; to act on by appuise. 6. To sound 
with blows. 7. To run upon ; to be stranded. 8. To 
pass with a quick or strong effect ; to dart ; to penetrate. 
9. To lower a flag or colors in token of respect, or to sig- 
nify a surrender of the ship to an enemy. 10. 7’o break 
forth ; [o5s.] — To strike in, to enter suddenly ; also, to 
recede from the surface, as an eiaiption ; to disappear. — 
To strike in with, to conform to ; to suit itself to ; to join 
with at once. — To strike out, to wander ; to make a sud- 
den excursion. — To strike, among workmen in manufacto- 
ries, in England, is to quit work in a body or by com- 
bination, in order to compel their employers to raise their 
wages. 

STRIKE, 71. 1. An instrument with a straight edge for 

leveling a measure of grain, salt and the like, for scraping 
off what is above the level of the top. Jimerica. 2. A 
bushel; four pecks; [local.] Tiisser. 3. A measure of 
four bushels or half a quarter; [local.] — Strike of flax, a 
handful tliat may be hackled at once ; [local.] 

STRTKE'-BLOCK, n. [strike and block!] A plane shorter 
than a jointer, used for shooting a short joint. JMoxen. 

STlliK'ER, n. 1. One that strikes, or that which strikes. 
— 2. In Scripture, a quarrelsome man. 7'it. i. 

STRIKING, ppr. 1. Hitting with a blow ; impressing; im- 
printing ; punishing ; lowering, as sails or a mast, &c. 
2. a. Affecting with strong emotions; surprising; forci- 
ble; impressive. 3. Strong; exact; adapted to make 
impression. 

STRIK'ING-LY, ado. In such a manner as to affect or sur- 
prise ; forcibly; strongly; impressively. 

STRlK'ING-NESS, n. The quality of affecting or sur- 
prising. 

STRING, 71. [Sax. string; D., Dan. streng ; G. strang.] 

1. A small rope, line or cord, or a slender strip of leather 
or other like substance, used for fastening or tying things. 

2. A ribbon. 3. A thread on which any thing is filed ; 
and hence, a line of things. 4. The chord of a musical 
instrument, as of a harpsichord, harp or violin. 5. A 
fibre, as of a plant. 6. A nerve or tendon of an animal 
body. 7. The line or cord of a bow. 8. A series of things 
connected or following in succession ; any concatenation 
of things. — 9. In ship-building, the highest range of planks 
in a siiip’s ceiling, or that between the gunwale and the 
upper edge of the upper deck ports. Mar. Diet. 10. fl'he 
tougli sui)stance that unites the two parts of the pericarp 
of leguminous plants. — 'To have two strings to the boio, to 
have two expedients ; to have a double advantage, or to 
have two views. 

STRING, V. t. ; pret. and pp. strung. 1. To furnish with 
strings. 2. To put in tune a stringed instrument. 3. To 
file ; to put on a line. 4. To make tense ; to strengthen. 

5. To deprive of strings. 

STRINGED, a. 1. Having strings. 2. Produced by 
strings. 

t STRIN'GENT, for astringent, binding. Thomson. 

STRING'HALT, n. [string and halt.] A sudden twitching 
of the hinder leg of a horse, or an involuntary or convul- 
sive motion of the muscles that extend or bend the hough. 

STRING'ING, ppr. Furnishing with strings ; putting in 
tune ; filing ; making tense ; depriving of strings. 

STRING'LESS, a. Having no strings. Shak. 

STRING'Y, a. 1. Consisting of strings or small threads; 
fibrous; filamentous. 2. Ropy; viscid; gluey; that may 
be drawn into a thread. 

STRIP, v.t. [G. streifen ; D. streepen ; Dan. striber and 
stripper ; Sax. bestrypan .] 1. To pull or tear off, as a cov- 
ering. 2. To deprive of a covering ; to skin ; to peel. 3. 
To deprive ; to bereave ; to make destitute. 4. To di- 
vest. 5. To rob ; to plunder. 6. To bereave ; to de- 


prive ; to impoverish. 7. To deprive ; to make bare hy 
cutting, grazing or other means. 8. To pull off husks ; to 
husk. America. 9. To press out the last miik at a milk- 
ing. 10. To unrig. 11. 7'o pare off the surface of land 
in strips, and turn over the strips upon the adjoining sur- 
face. 

STRIP, n, [G. streif ; D. streep ; Dan. stribe,] 1. A narrow 
piece, comparatively long. 2. [Norm, estrippe.] Waste, 
in a legal sense ; destruction of fences, buildings, timber, 
ScC. Massachusetts. 

STRIPE, n. 1. A line or long narrow division of any thing, 
of a different color from the ground. 2. A strip or long 
narrow piece attached to something of a different color. 
3. The weal or long narrow mark discolored by a lash or 
rod. 4. A stroke made with a lash, whip, rod, strap or 
scourge. 5. Affliction ; punishment ; suflerings. 

STRIPE, V. t. 1. To make stripes; to form with lines of 
different colors ; to variegate with stripes. 2. To strike ; 
to hish ; [little used.] 

STRIPED, pp. 1. Formed with lines of diflerent colors. 

2. a. Having stripes of different colors. 

STRIPPING, p 2 >r. Forming with stripes. 

STR I PILING, n. [from strip, stripe.] A youth in the state 
of adolescence, or just passing from boyhood to manhood; 
a lad. 

STRIPPED, pp. Pulled or torn off ; peeled ; skinned ; de- 
prived ; divested ; made naked ; impoverished ; husked. 

STRIP'PER, 71. One that strips. 

STRIP'PLNG, ppr. fulling off ; peeling; skinning ; flay- 
ing ; depriving; divesting; husking. 

STRIP'PINGS, 71. The last milk drawn from a cow at a 
milking. Grose. JSTew England. 

STRIVE, V. i. ; pret. strove ; pp. striven. [G. streben ; D, 
streeven ; Sw.strafca; Dan. stricter.] 1. To make ef- 
forts ; to use exertions ; to endeavor with earnestness ; to 
labor hard. 2. To contend ; to contest ; to struggle in 
opposition to another; to be in contention or dispute. 3. 
To oppose by contrariety of qualities. 4. To vie ; to be 
comparable to ; to emulate ; to contend in excellence. 

STRiV'ER, n. One that strives or contends; one wlio 
makes efforts of body or mind. 

STRtV'ING, ppr. Making efforts ; exerting the powers of 
body or mind with earnestness ; contending. 

STRIVING, n. The act of making eftbrts ; contest ; con- 
tention. 

STRIV'ING-LY, adv. With earnest efforts ; with struggles. 

STROB'IL, n. [h. strobilus.] In a pericarp formed 

from an ament by the hardening of the scales. 

STROB'I-LI-FORM, a. [L. strobilus and form.] Shaped 
like a strobil, as a spike. 

STRo'GAL, ) n. An instrument used by glass-makers to 

STRo'KAL, \ empty the metal from one pot to another. 

f STROKE, or f STROOK, for strrrc/r. 

STROKE, n. [from strike.] 1. A blow ; the striking of one 
body against anotlier. 2. A liostile blow or attack. 3. A 
sudden attack of disease or affliction ; calamity. 4. Fatal 
attack. 5. The sound of the clock. 6. The touch of a 
pencil. 7. A touch ; a masterly effort. 8. An effort sud- 
denly or unexpectedly produced. 9. Power; efficacy. 
10. Series of operations ; as, to carry on a great stroke in 
business ; [a coimnon 7isc of the ivvrd.] 11. A dash in 
writing or printing; a line ; a touch of the pen. — 12. In 
seamen^s language, the sweep of an oar. 

STROKE, V. t. [Sax. stracan ; Sw. strijka.] 1. To rub 
gently with the hand by way of expressing kindness or 
tenderness ; to soothe. 2. To rub gently in one direction. 

3. To make smooth. 

STROKED, pp. Rubbed gently with the hand. 

STRoK'ER, n . One who strokes ; one who pretends to cure 
by stroking. 

STRoKES iAiAN, n. In ro7cing, the man who rows the aft 
most oar, and whose stroke is to be followed by the rest. 

STRoKRNG, ppr. Rubbing gently with the hand. 

STRoLTj, V. i. [formed, probably, on troll, roll.] To rove ; to 
wander on foot ; to ramble idly or leisurely. 

STRoLL, 71. A wandering on foot; a walking idly and 
leisurely. 

STRoLL'ER, 77. One who strolls ; a vagabond ; a vagrant. 
Swift. 

STROLL 'ING, ppr*. Roving idly ; rambling on foot. 

STROM'BITE, n. A petrified shell. 

STROND, 77. IRie beach. [Little 7ised.] See Stkasd. 

STRONG, a. [Sax. stro/ig, strang, or streng ; from tlie lat- 
ter is formed strength ; G. strenge ; D., Dan. streng ; Sw. 
strang.] 1. Having physical, active power, or great phys- 
ical power ; having the power cf exerting great bodily 
force ; vigorous. 2. Having physical, passive power ; 
having ability to bear or endure; firm; solid. 3. Well 
fortified ; able to sustain attacks ; not easily subdued or 
taken. 4. Having great military or naval force ; power, 
fill. 5. Having great wealth, means or resources. G. 
Moving with rapidity ; violent ; forcible ; impetuous. 
7. Hale ; sound ; robust. 8. Powerful ; forcible ; cogent ; 
adapted to make a deep or effectual impression on tlie 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z j CH as SH j TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


STR 


800 


STU 


mind or imagination. 9. Ardent ; eager ; zealous ; earn- 
estly engaged. 10. Having virtu^'^ of great efficacy ; or 
^having a particular quality in a gix.a degree. 11. Full of 
spirit ; intoxicating. 12. Affecting the sight forcibly. 13. 
Affecting the tas' ' ' . , Affecting the smell pow- 
erfully. 15. Not or ion ; solid. 16. Well es- 

tablished ; firm; not easily o.-erthrown or altered. 17. 
Violent.; vehement; earnest. 18. Able; furnished with 
abilities. 19. Having great force of mind, of intellect or 
of any faculty. 20. Having great force ; comprising much 
in few words. 21. Bright; glaring; vivid. 22. Bower- 
ful to the extent of force named. 

STRON'GER, a. comp, of strong. Having more strength. 
STRON'GEST, a. superl. of strong. Having most strength. 
STRONG'-FIST-ED, a. and Having a strong 

hand ; muscular. Arbutknot. 

STRONG'-HAND, n. [^strong and hand.~\ Violence ; force ; 
power. Raleigh. 

Sl’RONG^-HoLD, n. [strong and hold.'] A fastness ; a fort ; 

a fortified place ; a place of security. 

STRONG'LY, adv. 1. With strength ; with great force or 
power ; forcibly. 2. Firmly ; in a manner to resist at- 
tack. 3. Vehemently ; forcibly ; eagerly. 
STRONG'-SET, a. Firmly set or compacted.. 

■f STRONG '-WA-TER, n. Distilled or ardent spirit. 
STRON'TIAN, n. [from Strontian, in Argyleshire.J An 
earth which, when pure and dry, is perfectly white, and 
resembles barytes. 

STRON'TIAN, or STRON-TITffG, a. Pertaining to stron- 
tian. 

STRON^TIAN-ITE, n. Carbonate of strontian, a mineral. 
STRON'TIUM, n. The base of strontian. Davy. 
t STROOK, for str%ick. 

STROP, n. 1. A strap. This orthography is particularly 
used for a strip of leather used for sharpening razors and 
giving them a fine, smooth edge ; a razor-strop. 2. [Sp. 
estrovo.] A piece of rope spliced into a circular wreath, 
and put round a block for hanging it. 

STRO'PHE, ) n. \Fx. strophe •, li. strofa^ strofe.] \n Greek 
STRo'PHY, J poetry^ a stanza ; the first member of a 
poem. 

t STROUT, V. i. [for strut.] To swell ; to puff out. Bacon. 
STROVE, pret. oi strive. 

STRoW is only a different orthography of strew. See 
Strew. 

f STRoWL, for stroll. See Stroll. 
t STROY, for destroy. See Destroy. 

STRUCK, pret. and pp. of strike. See Strike. 
t STRUCK'EN, the old pp. strike. 

STRUCT'URE, n. [Fr. ; L. structura.] 1. Act of building ; 
practice of erecting buildings; [rarely used.] 2. Manner 
of building; form; make; construction. 3. Manner of 
organization of animals and vegetables, &c. 4. A build- 
ing of any kind, but chiefly a building of some size or of 
magnificence ; an edifice. — 5. In mineralogy^ the particu- 
lar arrangement of the integrant particles or molecules of 

ft 

STRUDE, or STRODE, n. A stock of breeding mares. 
Bailey. 

STRUG'GLE, r. i. [This word may be formed on the root 
of stretchy In W. ystreiglaw is to turn.] 1. 

Properly^ to strive, or to make efforts with a twisting or 
with contortions of the body. 2. To use great efforts ; to 
labor hard ; to strive ; to contend. 3. To labor in pain or 
anguish ; to be in agony ; to labor in any kind of difficulty 
or distress. 

STRUG'GLE, n. 1. Great labor ; forcible effort to obtain an 
object, or to avoid an evil ; properly^ a violent effort with 
contortions of the body. . 2. Contest ; contention ; strife. 
3. Agony ; contortions of extreme distress. 
STRUG'GLER, n. One who struggles, strives or contends. 

~ STRUG'GLING, ppr. Making great efforts ; using violent 
exertions ; affected with contortions. 

STRUG'GLING, n. The act of striving ; vehement or earn- 
est effort. 

STRu'MA, n. [L.] A glandular swelling; scrofula; the 
kinj^’s evil ; a wen. Wiseman. Coze. 

STRu'MOUS, a. Having swellings in the glands ; scrofu- 
lous. Wiseman. 

L^TRUM'PET, n. [Ir. stribrid, striopach.] A prostitute. 
STRUM'PET, fl. Like a strumpet ; false; inconstant. 
STRUMTET, v. t. To debauch. Shak. 

STRUNG, pret. of string. 

STRUT, v. i. [G. strotzen ,* Dan. strutter.] 1. To walk 
with a lofty, proud gait and erect head ; to walk with af- 
fected dignity. 2. To swell ; to protuberate ; [o&s.] 
f STRUT, V. t. To swell out ; to make tumid. 

STRUT, n. A lofty, proud step or walk, with the head 
erect ; affectation of dignity in walking. 

STRU'THI-OUS, a. [L. struthio.] Pertaining to or like the 
ostrich. 

STRUT'TER, n. One who struts. Sioift. 

STRUT'TING, ppr. Walking with a lofty gait. 
STRUT'TING, n. The act of walking with a proud gait. 


STRUT'TING-LY, adv. With a proud, lofty step. 
STRYCIF.NI-A, n. An alkaline substance. 

STUB, 71. [Sax. steb ; Dan. stub ; Sw. stubbe.] 1. The 
stump of a tree ; that part of the stem of a tree which re- 
mains fixed in the earth when the tree is cut down. 2. 
A log ; a block ; [065.] 

STUB, V. t. 1. To gruD up by tlie roots ; to extirpate. 2, 
To strike the toes against a stump, stone or other fixed 
object. JSTcw England. 

STUB'BED, a. [Sw. stubbig.] 1. Short and thick, like 
something truncated ; blunt ; obtuse. 2. Hardy ; not 
nice or delicate. Berkeley. 

STUB'BED-NESS, 71. Bluntness; obtuseness. 

STUB'BLE, n. [D., G. stoppel ; Sw. sUibb ; L. stipula.] 
The stumps of wheat, rye, barley, oats or buckwheat, left 
in the ground ; the part of the stalk left by the sythe or 
sicRlc* 

STUB'BLE-GOOSE, n. A goose fed among stubble. 
STUB'BLE-RaKE, 71. A rake with long teeth for raking 
together stubble. 

STUB'BORN, a. [from 1. Unreasonably obstinate ; 

inflexibly fixed in opinion ; not to be moved or persuaded 
by reasons ; inflexible. 2. Persevering ; persisting ; 
steady ; constant. 3. Stiff ; not flexible. 4. Hardy ; 
firm ; enduring without complaint. 5. Harsh ; rough ; 
rugged ; [?. %.] G. Refractory ; not easily melted or 
worked. 7. Refractory; obstinately resisting command, 
the goad or the whip. 

STUB'BORN-LY, ad«. Obstinately; inflexibly. 
STUB'BORN-NESS, n. 1. Perverse and unreasonable ob- 
stinacy ; inflexibility ; contumacy. 2. Stiffness ; want 
of pliancy. 3. Refractoriness, as of ores. 

STUB'BY, a. [from stub.] 1. Abounding with stubs. 2. 

Short and thick ; short and strong. Grew. 

STUB'-NAIL, 71. 'A nail broken off ; a short, thick nail. 
STU€'€0, n. [It. ; Fr. stuc ; Sp. estuco.] 1. A fine plaster 
composed of lime, sand, whiting and pounded marble j 
used for covering walls, &.c. 2. Work niade of stucco. 
STUU^CO, V. t. To plaster ; to overlay with fine plaster. 
STU€'€OED, pp. Overlaid with stucco. 

STU€'€0-ING, ppr. Plastering with stucco. 

STU€K, pret. and pp. of stick. Pope. 
t STUCK, n. A thrust. Shak. 

STUC'KLE, n. [from stook.] A number of sheaves set to- 
gether in the field. [Scottw/i.] ^ 

STUD, n. [Sax. stod^ studu ; Ice. stod ; D. stut ; Sw. stoc?.] 
1. In buildings a small piece of timber or joist inserted in 
the sills and beams, between the posts, to support the 
beams or other main timbers. 2. A nail with a large 
head, inserted in work chiefly for ornament ; an orna- 
mental knob. 3. A collection of breeding horses and 
mares ; or the place where they are kept. 4. A button 
for a shirt sleeve. 

STUD, v.t. I. To adorn with shining studs or knobs. 2. 

To set with detached ornaments or prominent objects. 
STUD'DED, pp. 1. Adorned with studs. 2. Set with de- 
tached ornaments. 

STUD'DING, ppr. Setting or adorning with studs. 
STUD'DING-SAIL, n. In navigation^ a sail that is set be- 
yond the skirts of the principal sails. Mar. Diet. 
STu'DENT, ?i. [L. studensj studeo.] 1. A person engaged 
in study ; one who is devoted to learning, either in a 
seminary or in private ; a scholar. 2. A man devoted to 
books ; a bookish man. 3. One who studies or examines. 
STUD'-IIORSE, 71. [Sax. sted-hors ; Low L. stotarius.] A 
breeding horse ; a horse kept for propagating his kind. 
STUD'IED, pp. [from study.] 1. Read ; closely examined ; 
read with diligence and attention ; well considered. 2. 
a. Learned ; well versed in any branch of learning ; qual- 
ified by study. 3. Premeditated. 4. Having a particular 
inclination ; [oJs.] 

t STUD'IED-LY, adv. With care and attention. Zi/e of 
Mede. 

STUD'I-ER, 71. [from study.] One who studies ; a student. 
*STu'DI-OUS, a. [¥r. studieux 1^. studiosus.] 1. Given 
to books or to learning ; devoted to the acquisition of 
knowledge from books. 2. Contemplative ; given to 
thought, or to the examination of subjects by contempla- 
tion. 3. Diligent; eager to discover something, or to ef- 
fect some object. 4. Attentive to ; careful ; with of. 5. 
Planned with study ; deliberate. 6. Favorable to study ; 
suitable for thought and contemplation. 

STu'DI-OUS-LY, 1. With study ; with close atten- 
tion to books. 2. With diligent contemplation. 3. Dili- 
gently ; with zeal and earnestness. 4. CarefuBy ; atten- 
tively. 

* STu'DI-OUS-NESS, 7?. The habit or practice of study; 
addictedness to books. 

STUD'Y, n. [Fr. etude ; L. stiidium.] 1. Literally^ a setting 
of the mind or thoughts upon a subject ; hence, application 
of mind to books, to arts or science, or to any subject, for 
the purpose of learning what is not before known. 2. 
Attention ; meditation ; contrivance. 3. Any particular 
branch of learning that is studied. 4. Subject of atten- 


* See Synopsis, A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete, 


STU 


801 


STY 


lion. 5. A building or an apartment devoted to study or 
to literary emi)loyment. G. Deep cogitation j perplexity j 
[little used.] 7. A sketch by an artist. 

S'! UD'Y, V. i. [L. studeo.] 1. To fix the mind closely upon 
a subject; to muse; to dwell upon in thought. 2. To 
apply the mind m books, 3. To endeavor diligently. 

SI UD'Y, V. t. 1. To apply the mind to ; to read and exam- 
ine for the purpose of learning and understanding. 2. To 
consider attentively ; to examine closely. 3. To form or 
arrange by previous thought ; to con over; or to commit 
to memory. 

STUFF , 71. [D. stofj stoffc ; G. stoff ; Dan. stdv ,• Sw. stoft.] 
1 A mass of matter, indefinitely ; or a collection of sub- 
stances. 2. The matter of which any thing is formed ; 
materials. 3. Furniture ; goods ; domestic vessels in 
general; [nearly obs.] 4. That which fills any thing. 5. 
Essence^; elemental part. 6. A medicine ; [vulgar.] 
Shak. 7. Cloth ; fabrics of the loom ; as, woolen stuffs. 
8. Matter or thing ; particularly^ that which is trilling or 
worthless. — 9. Among seamen, a melted mass of turpen- 
tine, tallow, &,c. with which the masts, sides and bottom 
of a ship are smeared. 

STUFF, V. t. 1. To fill. 2. To fill very full ; to crowd. 3. 
To thrust in ; to crowd ; to press. 4. To fill by being put 
into any thing. 5. To swell or cause to bulge out by put- 
ting something in. 6. To fill with something improper. 
7, To obstruct, as any of the organs. 8. 'I’o fill meat 
with seasoning. 9. To fill the skin of a dead animal for 
presenting and preserving his form. 10. To form by 
filling. 

STUFF, i. To feed gluttonously. Swift. 

STUFFED, Filled; crowded; crammed. 

STUFF'ING, ppr. Filling ; crowding. 

STUFF^ING, n. 1. That which is used for filling anything. 
2. Seasoning for meat ; that vvliich is put into meat to 
give it a higher relish. 

■f STUKE, for stucco. 

STULM, n. A shaft to draw water out of a mine. Bailey. 

STULP, 71. A post. [Local.] 

STUL'TI-Fy, V. t. [L. stultus and facio.] 1. To make 
foolish ; to make one a fool. — 2. In laic, to alledge or 
prove to be insane, for avoiding some act. 
STUL-TIL'0-Q,UENCE, 7i. [L. and Zofj’ue/itia.] Fool- 
ish talk ; a babbling. Diet. 

STUL-TIL'0-Q,UY, n. [L. stultiloquium.] Foolish talk; 
silly discourse ; babbling. Taiflor. 

STUM, n. [D. stom, stum ; G. stxLmm ,* Dan., Sw. 5fjt7n.] 1. 
Must ; wine iinfermented. 2. New wine used to raise 
fermentation in dead or vapid wines. 3. Wine revived 
by a new fermentation. 

STUM, y. t. 1. To renew wine by mixing must with it, 
and raising a new fermentation. 2. To fume a cask of 
liquor with burning brimstone ; [local.] 

STUM'BLE, V. i. [Ice. stinnra.] 1. To trip in vv'alking or 
moving in any way upon the legs ; to strike the foot so as 
to fall, or to endanger a fall. 2. To err; to slide into a 
crime or an error. 3. To strike upon without design ; to 
fall on ; to light on by chance. 

STUM'BLE, v.t. 1. To obstruct in progress; to cause to 
trip or stop. 2. To confound ; to puzzle ; to put to a non- 
plus ; to perplex. 

STUJVI'BLE, ?j. I. A trip in walking or running. 2. A 
blunder ; a failure. 

STUM'BLED, pp. Obstructed ; puzzled. 

STUM'BLER, n. One that stumbles or makes a blunder. 

STUM'BLING, ppr. Tripping; erring; puzzling. 

STUM'BLING-BLOGK, i n. Any cause of stumbling ; that 

STUM'BLING-STONE, i which causes to err. 

STUM'BLING-LY, adv. With failure; with blunder. Sidney. 

STUMP, n. [Sw., Dan. stU77(p ; Dan. stumper', Id. stomp 
G. stump/.] 1. The stub of a tree ; the part of a tree re- 
maining in the earth after the tree is cut down, or the 
part of any plant left in the earth by the sythe or sickle. 

2. The part of a limb or other body remaining after a part 
is amputated or destroyed. Swift. 

STUMP, v.t. 1. To strike any thing fixed and hard with 
the toe ; [vulgar.] 2. To challenge ; [/ui^^ar.] 

STUMPW, a. 1. Full of sturiips. 2. Hard ; strong ; [i. u.] 

3. Short; stubby; [little used.] 

STUN, V. t. [Sax. stunian; Fr. etonner.] I. To make 
senseless or dizzy with a blow on the head. 2. To over- 
power the sense of hearing ; to blunt or stupify the organs 
of hearing. 3. To confound or make dizzy by loud and 
mingled sound. 

STUNG, pret. and pp. of sting. 

STUNK, pret. of stink, 

STUNNED, pp. Having the sense of hearing overpowered ; 
confounded with noise. 

STUN'NING, ppr. Overpowering the organs of hearing; 
confounding with noise. 

STUNT, V. t. [Ice. stuntaj Sax, stintan, strnit.] To hinder 
from growth. Swift. 

STUNT'ED, pp. Hindered from growth or increase. 

STUNT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being stunted. 


* See Synopsis. 


STUNT'ING, ppr. Hindering from growth or increase. 

STUPE, 71. [L. si-^ ’’•n.] Cloth or flax dipped in warm medi- 
caments and aj^lied to a hurt or sore ; fomentation ; 
sweating-bath. 

STUPE, V. t. To fomer’* 

I STUPE, n. A stupid „.i. 

STU-PE-FAC'TION, 7t. [L,. stupefacio.] 1. The act of ren- 
dering stupid. 2. A stupid or senseless state ; insensibil- 
ity ; dullness ; torpor ; stupidity. 

STU-PE-FA€'TIVE, a. Causing insensibility ; deadening 
or blunting the sense of feeling or understanding ; nar- 
cotic. 

STu'PE-FI-ER, 71. [from stupefy.] That which causes dull- 
ness or stupidity. 

STu'PE-FY, u. t. [Ft. stupefier L. stupefacio.] 1. To make 
stupid ; to make dull ; to blunt the faculty of perceptit)u 
or understanding ; to deprive of sensibility. 2. To de- 
pnve of material motion ; [obs.] Bacon. 

STu'PE-FY-ING, ppr. Rendering extremely dull or in- 
sciisit)l0# 

STU-PEN^DOUS, a. [Low L. stupendus.] Literally, strik- 
ing dumb by its magnitude ; hence, astonishing ; wonder- 
ful ; amazing ; particularly , of astonishing magnitude or 
elevation. Dry den. 

STU-PEN'DOUS-LY, adv. In a manner to excite astonish- 
ment. 

STU-PEN'DOUS-NESS, 71. The quality or state of being 
stupendous or astonishing. 

STu'PlD, a. [Fr.-'stupidc ; h. stupidus.] I. Very dull ; in- 
sensible ; senseless ; wanting in understanding ; heavy ; 
sluggish. 2. Dull ; heavy ; formed without skill or genius. 

STU-PID'f-TY, 71. [Fr. sUipidite ; L. stupiditas .] Extreme 
dullness of perception or understanding ; insensibility ; 
sluggishness. Drydc7i. 

STu'PID-LY, adv. With extreme dullness ; with suspen- 
sion or inactivity of understanding ; sottishly ; absurdly 5 
without the exercise of reason or judgment. Dryden. 

STO'PID-NESS, n. Stupidity. 

STu'POR, 71. [L.] ]. Great diminution or suspension of 
sensibility ; suppression of sense ; numbness. 2. Intel- 
lectual insensibility ; moral stupidity ; heedlessness or in- 
attention to one’s interests. 

STu'PRATE, V. t. [L. st7ipro.] To ravish ; to debauch. 

STU-PRa'TION, 71. Rape ; violation of chastity by force. 

STUR'DI-LY, adv. Hardily ; stoutly ; lustily. 

STUR'DI-NEfc?S, n. I. Stoutness ; hardiness. Locke. 2. 
Brutal strength. 

STUR'DY, a. [G. stbrrig.] I. Hardy ; stout ; foolishly ob- 
stinate ; implying coarseness or rudeness. 2. Strong , 
forcible; lusty. 3. Violent; laid on with strength. 4. 
Stiff'; stout; strong. 

STUR'DY, 71. A disease in sheep, marked by dullness and 
stupor. Cyc. 

STUR'GEON, 71. [Fr. esturgeon / Sp. estw'ion ; It. stcrione 
Low L. sturio.] A large fish. 

STURK, n. [8ax. stj/rc.] A young ox or heifer. [.S'coL] 

STUT'TER, V. i. [D. stott cr t7i ^ G. stottern ; that is, to 
stop. Stut is not used.] To stammer ; to hesitate in utter- 
ing words. Bacon. 

STUT'TER-ER, 71 . A stammerer. 

STUT'TER-ING, p/TT. Stammering; speaking with hesita- 
tion. 

STUT'TER-ING-LY, adv. With stammering. 

sty, n. [Sax. stige.] 1. A pen or inclosure for swine. 2. 
A place of bestial debauchery. 3. An inflamed tumor on 
the edge of the eyelid. 

STY5_15. t. To shut up in a sty. Shak. 

f STy, V. i. [Sax. stiga7ij Goth, steigan.] To soar; to as- 
cend. See Stirrup. 

STYC'A, 77. A Saxon copper coin of the lowest value. 

STYG'I-AN, a. [L. Stijgius, Stijx.] Pertaining to Styx, fabled 
by the ancients to be a river of hell ; hence, hellish ; infer- 
nal. 

STYLE, 71 . [L. stijlus ; D., G. stnjl ; It. stile ; Sp. estiJo ; Fr. 
stijle, or stile.] 1. Manner of writing with regard to lan- 
guage, or the choice and arrangement of words. 2. Man- 
ner of speaking appropriate to particular characters ; or, in 
general, the character of the language used. 3. Mode of 
painting ; any manner of painting which is characteristic 
or peculiar. 4. A particular character of music. 5. Title; 
appellation. C. Course of writing ; [obs.]— 7. Stijle of 
court is, p 7 'operly, the practice observed by any court in its 
way of proceeding. — 8. In popular manner ; form. 9. 
A pointed instrument formerly used in writing on tables 
of wax ; an instrument of surgery. 10. Something with 
a sharp point ; a graver; the pin of a dial ; written, also, 
stile.— U. In botu 7 iy, the middle portion of the pistil, con- 
necting the stigma with the germ ; sometimes called the 
shaft.— 1^. In chronology, a mode of reckoning time, with 
regard to the Julian and Gregorian calendar. Style is Old 
or JVeiD. 

STYLE, V. t. To call ; to name ; to denominate ; to give a 
title to in addressing. 

STYLED, pp. Named ; denominated ; called. 


f Obsolete. 


MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH aa SH ; TH as in this. 

■ *51 


SUB 


802 


SUB 


ST^'LET, n. [from style.] A small poniard or dagger. 
STY'LI-FORM, a. Like a style, pin or pen. 

STyL'ING, ppr. Calling ; denominating. 

STIZ^L'ISH, a. Showy j modish ; fashionable. [A colloquial 
word.] 

ST’J'LITE, n. [Gr. oruAoj.] In ecclesiastical history, the 
Stylites were a sect of solitaries', who stood motionless on 
columns or pillars. 

STY-LO-Ba'T 10 N, 11 . The pedestal of a column. 
STy'LOID, a. [L. stylus, and Gr. eiSo^.] Having some re- 
semblance to a style or pen. Encyc. 

STYP'TJC, or STYP'Tl-CAL, a. {Ft. styptique ; E. stypti- 
That stops bleeding j having the quality of restrain- 
ing hemorrhage. 

STYP'TIC, 11 . A medicine which has the quality of stopping 
hemorrhage or discharges of blood. 

STYP-TIC'l-TY, n. The quality of stanching blood. 
STITH'Y, V. t. To forge on an anvil. See Stithy. 

SCAB. Sec Swab. 

Su-A-BIL'I-TY, n. Liability to be sued ; the state of being 
jiubject by law to civil process. [A'ot much used.] 
Su'A-BLE, a. [from 5 ue.] That maybe sued 3 subject by 
law to be called to answer in court, 
f SUA HE, for persuade. 
t SUAGE, for assuage. 

Su'ANT, a. [Fr. saivant.] Even ; uniform ; spread equally 
over tlie surface. [JV’eia England, but local.] 

SUa^SI-BLE, a. [L. suadeo.] That may be persuaded or 
easily persuaded. 

SUa'SION, (sua zhun) n. The act of persuading. 

SUa SIVE, a. [L. suadeo.] Having power to persuade. 
SUa'SO-BY, a. [L. suasorius.] Tending to persuade; hav- 
ing the quality of convincing and drawing by argument 
or reason. Hopkins. 

SUAV'i-TY, n. [L. suavitas ,* Fr. suavite ; It. soavitd ; Sp. 
suaridad.] 1. Sweetness, in a literal sense ; [aZ> 5 .] Brown. 
2. Sweetness, in a figurative sense ; that which is to the 
mind what sweetness is to the tongue ; agreeableness ; 
softness; pleasantness. 

SUB, a Latin preposition, denoting under ox below, used in 
English as a prefix, to express a subordinate degree. 
Before /and p, it is clianged into those letters, as in suffer 
and suppose ; and before in, into that letter, as in sum- 
mon. 

SUB-AC'ID, a. [sub and acid.] Moderately acid or sour. 
SUB-ACBD, n. A substance moderately acid. 

SUB-A€'ilID, a. Moderately sharp, pungent or acrid, 
t SUB-ACT', -y. t. [L. s« 6 «ctu 5 .] To reduce ; to subdue. 
SUB-AC'TION, n. The act of reducing to any state, as of 
mixing two bodies completely, or of beating them to a 
powder. Bacon. 

SUB-AG-I-Ta'TION, n. [F.subagitatio.] Carnal knowledge. 
Su'BAII, 71. In a province or viceroy-ship. 
Su'BAH-DAR, n. In India, a viceroy, or the governor of a 
province ; also, a native of India, who ranks as captain in 
the European companies. 

Su BAII-SlllP, n. The jurisdiction of a subahdar. 

^ SUB-AL'TERN, a. [Fr. subalterne.] Inferior; subordi- 
nate ; that in different respects is both superior and infe- 
rior. 

SUB-AL'TERN, n. A subordinate officer in an army. 
SUB-AL-TERN'ATE, a. Successive ; succeeding by turns. 
Hooker. 

SUB-AL-TERN-a'TION, n. 1. State of inferiority or sub- 
jection. 2. Act of succeeding by course. 
SUB-A-GUAT'IC, i a. [L. sub and aqua.] Being under 
SUB-a'Q.UE-OUS, i water. Darwin. 
f SUB- AR-R action, 71. [Low Lat. sitZ>ar 7 'arc.] The ancient 
'Custom of betrothing. Wheatly. 

SUB-^VS'TRAL, a. [sub and astral.] Beneath the stars or 
heavens ; terrestrial. Warburton. 

SUC-AS-TRIN'GENT, a. Astringent in a small degree. 
SUB-AX'lL-LAR-Y, a. [L. sub and axilla.] Placed under 
the axil or angle formed by the branch of a plant with the 
stem,_or by a leaf with the branch. 

SUB-BkA'DLE, «. An inferior or under-beadle. 
SUB-BRIG-x\-DIeR', n. An officer in the horse-guards, who 
ranks as cornet. Encyc. 

SUB-CivR'BU-RET-ED, a. Carbureted in an inferior de- 
gree ; or consisting of one prime of carbon and two of 
hydrogen. 

SUB-CE-LE3'TLYL, a. Being beneath the heavens. 
SUB-CEN’'TRAL, a. Being under the centre. Say. 
SUB-CHANT'ER, n. An under chanter. 

SUB-CLa'VI-AN, a. [L. sub and clavis.] Situated under 
the clavicle or collar-bone. 

SUB-COM-MIT'TEE, n. x\n under-committee. 
SUB-CON-STEL-La'TION, 71. A subordinate constellation. 
Brown. 

SUB-CON-TRx\CT'ED, a. [. 9 u 6 and contracted.] Contracted 
after a former contract. Shak. 

SUB-CON'TPcA-RY, a. Contrary in an inferior degree. 
SUB-CORH'ATE, a. [L. sub and cor, the heart.] In shape 
somewhat like a heart. Martyn. ' 


I SUB-COS'TAL, a. [L. sub and costa.] The subcostal mus- 
cles are the internal intercostal muscles. Cyc, 

SUB-CU-Ta'NE-OUS, a. Situated under the skin. 

SUB-CU-TIC'U-LAR, a. [L. sub and cuticula.] Being un- 
der the cuticle or scarf-skin. Darwin. 

SUB-DeA'CON, n. An under-deacon. 

SUB-DeA'GOJV-RY, ) n. The order and office of subdea- 

SUB-DeA'CON-SIHP, ^ con in the Catholic church. 

I SUB-DeAN', 71. [5J7& and dean.] An under-dean; a dean’s 
substitute or vicegerent. Ayliffe. 

SUB-DeAN'ER-Y, n. Tire office and rank of subdean. 

SUB-I)EC'U-PLE, a. Containing one part often. 

SUB-DENT'ED, a. Indented beneath. Encyc. 

SUB-DE-POS'lT, n. That which is deposited beneath some- 
thing else. Schoolcraft. 

I SUB-DE-RI-SO'RI-OUS, a. [L. sub and devisor.] Ridicul- 
ing with moderation or delicacy. More. 

SUB-UI-TI''T10US, a. [L. subdititius .] Put secretly in the 
place of something else. [Little used.] 

SUB-DI-VERS'I-FY, V. t. [ 5 U& and diversify.] To diversi- 
fy again what is already diversified. [Little used.] Hale. 

SUB-HI-VlDE', V. t. To divide a part of a thing into more 
parts ; to part into smaller divisions. 

SUB-UI-ViDE', V. i. To be subdivided. 

SUB-DI-VHJ'EU, pp. Divided again or into smaller parts. 

SUB-DI-ViD'ING, ppr. Dividing into smaller parts. 

SUB-DI-Vi"SION, n. 1. The act of subdividing or separat- 
ing a part into smaller parts. 2. The part of a thing made 
by subdividing ; the part of a larger part. 

SUB'DO-LOUS, a. [L. subdolus.] Sly; crafty; cunning; 
artful ; deceitful. [Little used.] 

SUB-DOM'l-NANT, n. In music, the fourth note above the 
tonic,_being under the dominant. 

SUB-Du'A-BLE, a. That may be subdued. Ward. 

SUB-Du'AL, n. [from subdue.] 'I'he act of subduing. 

SUB-DuCE', )v.t. [h. subduco.] 1 . To withdraw ; to take 

SUB-DUCT', I away. 2. To subtract by arithmetical oper- 
ation. Hale. 

SUB-DUC'TION, 71. 1. The act of taking away or with- 
drawhig. Hale. 2. Arithmetical subtraction. Hale. 

SUB-DuE', (sub-du') v. t. 1. 'I’o conquer by force or the 
exertion of superior power, and bring into permanent sub- 
jection ; to reduce under dominion. Subduing implies 
conquest or vanquishing, but it implies also more perma- 
nence of subjection to the conquering power than either 
of these words. 2. To oppress ; to crush ; tc sink ; to 
overpower so as to disable from further resistance. 3. To 
tame ; to break by conquering a refractory temper or evil 
passions; to render submissive. 4. To conquer; to reduce 
to mildness. 5. To overcome by persuasion or other mild 
means. 6 . To overcome ; to conquer ; to captivate, as 
by charms. 7. To soften ; to melt ; to reduce to tender- 
ness. 8. To overcome ; to overpower and destroy the 
force of. 9. To make mellow ; to break, as land. 

SUB-Du'ED, (sub-dude') pp. Conquered and reduced to sub- 
jection ; oppressed ; crushed ; tamed ; softened. 

t SUB-DuE'MENT, n. Conquest. Shak. 

SUB-Du'ER, 71. 1. One who conquers and brings into sub- 
jection ; a tamer. 2. That which subdues or destroys 
the force of. 

SUB-Du'ING, ppr. Vanquishing and reducing to subjec- 
tion ; crushing ; softening. 

SUB'DU-PLE, a. [L. sub and duplus.] Containing one part 
of two. Wilkins. 

SUB-Du'PLI-CATE, a. [577^ and duplicate.] Having the 
ratio of the square roots. Cyc. 

SUB-E'Q-UAL, a. Nearly equal. Martyn. 

Su'BER-ATE, n. [L. suber.] A salt formed by the suberic 
acid in combination with a base. Chemistry. 

Su'BER-IC, a. Pertaining to cork, or extracted from it. 

SUB'ER-OSE, a. [L. sub and erosus.] In botany, having the 
appearance of being gnawed. 

SU'BER-OUS, a. Corky ; soft and elastic. 

SUB-FUSC', a. [L. subfuscus.] Duskish ; moderately dark ; 
brownish ; tawny. Tatler. 

SUB-GLOB'U-LAR, a. Having a form approaching to glob- 
ular. Say. 

SUB-HAS-Ta'TTON, n. [L. sub hasta.] A public sale or 
auction, so called from the Roman practice. Burnet. 

SUB-HV-DRO-SULPH'U-RET, n. A compound of sulphu- 
reted hydrogen with a base, in a less proportion than in 
hydrosulphuret. 

SUB-IN-DI-Ca'TION, n. [L. sub and indico.] The act of 
indicating by signs. Barrow. 

fSUB-IN-DuCE', v.t. To insinuate; to offer indirectly. 
Sir E. Dering. 

SUB-IN-FEU-Da'TION, n. [ 57 /&and infeudation.] 1. In law, 
the act of enfeoffing by a tenant or feoffee, who holds lands 
of the crown ; the act of a greater baron, who grants land 
or a smaller manor to an inferior person. 2. Under-ten- 
ancy. 

t SUB-IN-GRES'SION, n. [L. sub and ingressus.] Secret 
entrance. 

SUB-I-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [L. subitaneus.] Sudden ; hasty. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, i, O, U, V, long FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— | Obsolete. 


SUB 


803 


SUB 


t SUB'I-TA-NY, a. Sudden. 

SUB-JA'CENT, a. [L. A wi/acens.] 1. Lying under or below. 
2. Being in a lower situation, though not directly be- 
neath. 

SUB'JECT, a. [L. su&jectus.] 1. Placed or situate under. 
2. Being under the power and dominion of another. 3. 
Exposed ; liable from extraneous causes. 4. Liable from 
inherent causes; prone; disposed. 5. Being that on 
which any thing operates, whether intellectual or mate- 
rial. 6. Obedient. Tit. iii. 

SUB'JECT, 71. [L. subjcctus ; Fr. sujet ; It. suggetto.] 1. 
One that owes allegiance to a sovereign and is governed 
by his laws. 2. That on which any mental operation is 
performed ; that which is treated or handled. 3. That on 
which any physical operation is performed. 4. That in 
which any thing inheres or exists. 5. The person who is 
treated of ; the hero of a piece. — 6. In grammar, the nom- 
inative case to a verb passive. 

SUB-JECT', V. t. 1. To bring under the power or dominion 
of. 2. To put under or within the power of. 3. To en- 
slave ; to make obnoxious. 4. To expose; to make liable. 
5. To submit ; to make accountable. 6. To make sub- 
servient. 7. To cause to undergo. 

SUB-JE€T'ED, pp. Reduced to the dominion of another; 
enslaved ; exposed ; submitted ; made to undergo. 

SUB-JECTTNC, ppr. Reducing to submission ; enslaving ; 
exposing ; submitting ; causing to undergo. 

SUB-JEC'TION, 71. 1. The act of subduing ; the act of van- 
quishing and bringing under the dominion of another. 2. 
The state of being under the power, control and govern- 
ment of another. 

SUB-JE0TTVE, a. Relating to the subject, as opposed to 
the object. Watts. 

SUB-JEeTTVE-LY, adv. In relation to the subject. 

SEB-JOIN', V. t. [su6 and join ,• L. subjungo.] 'I’o add at 
the end ; to add after something else has been said or 
written. 

SUB-JOIN'ED, (sub-joind^) pp. Added after something else 
said or written. 

SUB-JOIN'ING, ppr. Adding after something else said or 
written. 

SUB'JU-GATE, V. t. [Fr. subjugiicr ; L. subjugo.] To sub- 
due and bring under the yoke of power of dominion ; to 
conquer by force, and compel to submit to the government 
or absolute control of another. 

SUB'JU-GA-TED, pp. Reduced to the control of another. 

SUBGU-GA-TING, ppr. Conquering and bringing under the 
absolute power of another. 

SUB-JU-Ga'TION, 71. The act of subduing and bringing 
under the power or absolute control of another. 

SUB-JtJNC'TION, 77. The act of subjoining, or state of be- 
ing subjoined. Clarke". 

SUB-JUNC'TIVE, a. [L. subjunctivus ^ Fr. subjonctif.] 1. 
Subjoined or added to something before said or written. — 
2. In grammar, designating a form of verbs which follow 
other verbs, or words expressing condition, hypothesis or 
contingency. — 3. Sabjmictive is often used as a noun, de- 
noting the subjunctive mode. 

SUB'LA-NATE, a. In botany, somewhat woolly. 

SUB-LAP-Sa'RI-AN, ) a. [L. sab and lapsns."\ Done after 

SUB-LAPS'A-RY, \ the apostasy of Adam. 

SUB-LAP-Sa'RI-AN, 71. One who maintains the sublapsa- 
riaa doctrine, that the sin of Adam’s apostasy being impu- 
ted to all his posterity, God in compassion decreed to send 
his Son to rescue a great number from their lost state, and 
to accept of his obedience and death on their account. 

SUB-La'TION, 77. [Jj. sublatio.] The act of taking or carry- 
ing away. Bp. Hall. 

SUB-LET^, V. t. [sub and let.] To underlet ; to lease, as a 
lessee to another person. [Unusual.] Smollett. 

SUB-LE-Va'TION, 77. [L. sublevo.] The act of raising on 
high. 

SUB-LIEu-TEN'ANT, [See * Lieutenant.] n. An officer 
in tlie royal regiment of artillery and fusileers. 

SUB-LI-Ga'TION, 77. [L. The act of binding un- 

derneath. 

SUB-LTx\FA-BLE, a. [from sublime.] That may be subli- 
mated ; capable of being raised by heat into vapor, and 
again condensed by cold. 

SUB-LTM'A-BLE-NESS, 77. The quality of being Sublima- 
ble. 

SUB'LI-MATE, V. t. [from sublime.] 1. To bring a solid 
substance, as camphor or sulphur, into the state of vapor 
by heat, which, on cooling, returns again to the solid state. 
2. To refine and exalt ; to heighten ; to elevate. 

SUB'LI-MATE, n. 'Phe product of a sublimation. 

SUB'LI-MATE, a. Brought into a state of vapor by heat, 
and again condensed, as solid substances. 

STJB'Ll-MA-TED, pp. Brought into a state of vapor by 
heat, as a solid substance ; refined. 

SUR/LI-MA-TING, ppr. Converting into the state of vapor 
by heat, and condensing ; as solid substances. 

SUB-LI-Ma'TION, 77. 1. The operation of bringing a solid 
substance into the state of vapor by heat, and condensing 


it again into a solid by cold. 2. Exaltation ; elevation ; 
act of heightening or improving. 

SUB-LlME', a. [L. sublimis ; Fr., It., Sp., sublime.] 1. 
High in place ; exalted aloft. 2. High in excellence ; 
exalted by nature ; elevated. 3. High in style or senti- 
ment; lolly; grand. 4. Elevated by joy. ,5. Lofty of 
memj elevated in manner. 

SUB-LiME', 77. A grand or lofty style ; a style that expresses 
lofty jjonceptions. Addison. 

SUB-LiME', V. t. 1. To sublimate, which see. 2. To raise 
on high. 3. To exalt ; to heighten ; to improve. 
SUB-LIME', V. i. To be brought or changed into a state of 
vapor by heat, and then condensed by cold. 

SUB-LlM'ED, (sub-lInuB) pn. Brought into a state of vapor 
by heat, and, when cooled, changed to a solid state. 
SUB-LiME'LY, ado. With elevated conceptions ; loftil}'. 
SUB-LIME'NESS, n. Loftiness of style or sentiment ; sub- 
limity. 

SUB-LIM-I-FI-Ca'TION, 77. [L. sublimis and facio.] The 
act of making sublime. Gilpin. 

SUB-LlM'lJN"G, ppr. Sublimating; exalting. 
SUB-LIMT-TY, 77. [Fr. 5776/77777te ; L. sublimitas.] 1. Eleva- 
tion of place ; lofty height. 2. Height in excellence ; 
loftiness of nature or character; moral grandeur. — 3. In 
oratory and composition, lofty conceptions, or such con- 
ceptions expressed in corresponding language ; loftiness 
of sentiment or style. 

t SUB-LIN-E-a'TION, 77. Mark of a line or lines under a 
word in a sentence. Letter to Abp. Usher. 
SUB-LIN'GUAL, a. [L. sub and lingua.] Situated under 
the tojigue ; as the sublingual glands. Coxe. 
SUB-Lij'NAR, j a. [Fr. sublunaire ; L. sub and luna.] 
SUB'LU-NA-RY, \ Literally, beneath the moon ; but sub- 
lunary, which is the word chiefly used, denotes merely 
terrestrial, earthly, pertaining to this world. Dryden. 
SUB'LU-NA-RY, n. Any worldly thing. Feltham. 
SUB-LUX-a'TION, 77. [sub and licxation.] In surgery, a 
violent sprain ; also, an incomplete dislocation. 
SUB-MxY-RINE', a. [L. sub and ma7-inus.] Being, acting or 
growing under water in the sea. 

SUB-MAX'IL-LA-RY, a. [L. sub and maxilla.] Situated 
under_the jaw. Med. Repos. 

SUB-Mk'UI-ANT, 77. In 77777 . 57 c, the sixth note, or middle 
note between the octave and subdominant. 
SUB-MERGE', (sub-merj') v.t. [h. submergo.] 1. fl^o put 
under water ; to plunge. 2. To cover or overflow with 
water ; to drown. 

SUB-MERGE', (sub-merj') v. i. To plunge under water. 
SUB-MERG'ED, (sub-merjd') pp. Put under water ; over- 
flowed. 

SUB-MERG'ING, ppr. Putting under water ; overflowing. 
SUB-MERSE', ) a. [L. submersus.] Being or growing un- 
SUB-MERS'ED, ^ der water, as the leaves of aquatic plants. 
SUB-MER'SION, n. [Fr. ; L. submersus.] 1. The act of 
putting under water or causing to be overflowed. 2. The 
act of plunging under water ; the act of drowning. 
fSUB-MIN'IS-TER, or j SUB-MIN'IS-TRATE, v.t. [L. 

sub ministrn .] To supply ; to afford, 
f SUB-MIN'IS-TER, r.i. To subserve ; to be useful to. 
t SUB-MIN'IS-TRANT, a. Subservient; serving in subor- 
dination. Bacon. 

SUB-MIN-IS-TRa'TION, 77 . The act of furnishing or sup- 
plying. Wotton. 

SUB-MISS', a. [L. submissus.] Submissive ; humble ; obse- 
quious. [Rarely used, and in poetry only.] 
SUB-MIS'SION, 77. [h. sub77iissio ; Fr. so^unission.] 1. The 
act of submitting ; the act of yielding to power or authori- 
ty ; surrender of the person and power to the control or 
government of another. 2. Acknowledgment of inferiori- 
ty or dependence ; humble or suppliant behavior. 3. Ac- 
knowledgment of a fault ; confession of error. 4. Obedi- 
ence ; compliance with the commands or laws of a superior. 
5. Resignation ; a yielding of one’s will to the w'ill or 
appointment of a superior without murmuring. 
SUB-MISS'IVE, a. 1. Yielding to the will or power of 
another ; obedient. 2. Humble ; acknowledging one’s 
inferiority ; testifying one’s submission. 

SUB-MISS'IVE- LY', ado. With submission ; with acknowl- 
edgment of inferiority ; humbly. Dryden. 
SUB-MISS'IVE-NESS, n. 1. A submissive temper or dispo- 
sition. 2. Humbleness; acknowledgment of inferiority. 
3. Confession of fault. 

SUB-MISS'LY, ado. Humbly ; with submission. [L. 77 .] 
SUB-MISS'NESS, n. Humbleness ; obedience. [L. ?7.] 
SUB-MIT', V. t. [L. s7ibmitto ; Fr. so7imettre.] 1. To let 
down ; to cause to sink or lower ; [obs.] Dryden. 2. To 
yield, resign or surrender to the power, will or authority 
of another. 3. To refer ; to leave or commit to the dis- 
cretion or judgment of another. 

SUB-MIT' V. i. 1. To surrender; to yield one’s person to 
the power of another ; to give up resistance. 2. 1 o 3'icld 
one’s opinion to the opinion or authority of another. 3. 
To be subject ; to acquiesce in the authority of another. 
4 To be submissive ; to yield without murmuring. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z , CH as SH ; TII as in this, t Obsolete. 


SUB 804 SUB 


SUB-MIT'TED, pp. Sunendered ; resigned j yielded ; re- 
f*0rrGci • 

SUB-MIT'TER, n. One who submits. 

SUB-MIT'TIN(j, ppr. Surrendering j resigning; yielding; 

referring to another for decision, 
f SUB-MON'ISH, V. t. To suggest; to put in mind; to 
prompt. Grander. 

tSUB-MO-Nl"TlON, n. Suggestion ; persuasion. Granger. 
SUB-M(JL'TI-PLE, n. A number or quantity which is con- 
tained in another a certain number of times, or is an ali- 
quot part of it. 

SUB-NAS'CENT, a. [L. sub and nascor.l Growing under- 
neath. 

fSUB-NEGT', v.t. [L. suhnecto.'] To tie, buckle or fasten 
beneath. Pope. 

SUB-NOROIAL, ?i. [L. sub and norma.'] A subperpendicu- 
lar, or a line under the perpendicular to a curve. 
S(TB-NCjDE', a. [L. 5u6and nudus^ naked.] In botany ^ almost 
naked or bare of leaves. Lee. 

SUB-OB-S€uRE'LY, adv. Somewhat obscurely. 
SUB-OC-CIP'I-TAL, a. Being under the occiput. 
SfJB-OG'TAVE, ) a. [L. sab octav us or octuple.] Con- 

SUB-OG'T(J-PLE, J taining one part of eight. 
SUB-OG'U-LAR, a. [L. sub and ocuius.] Being under the 
eye. 

SUB-OR-BT€'U-LAR, ) a. \1 j. sub d.odiorbiculatus.] Almost 
SUB-OR-BI0CJ-LATE, I orbiculate or orbicular; nearly 
circular. Say. 

SUB-(.)R'DI-NA-CY, n. 1. The state of being subordinate or 
subject to control. 2. Series of subordination. [L. w.] 
f SUB-OR'DI-NAIV-CY. See Subordinacy. 

SUB-OR' DI-NATE, a. [L. sub and ordinatus.] 1. Inferior 
in order, in nature, in dignity, in power, importance, 
&c. 2. Descending in a regular series. 
SUB-OR'DI-NATE, v.t. 1. To place in an order or rank 
below something else ; to make or consider as of less 
value or importance. 2. To make subject. 

SUB-OR'DI-N A-TED, pp. Placed in an inferior rank ; con- 
sidered as of inferior importance ; subjected. 
SUB-OR'DI-N ATE-LY, ado. 1; In a lower rank or of infe- 
rior importance. 2. In a series regularly descending. 
SUB-OR-DI-Na'TION, w. [Fr.] 1. The state of being in- 

ferior to another ; inferiority of rank or dignity. 2. A 
series regularly descending. 3. Place of rank among 
inferiors. 4. Subjection ; state of being under control or 
government. 

SUB-ORN', V. t. [Fr. suborner ; It. subornare ; Sp. suborn- 
ar ; L. suborno.] 1. In law, to procure a person to take 
such a false oath as constitutes perjury. 2. To procure 
privately or by collusion. 3. To procure by indirect 
means. 

SUB-OR-Na'TION, w. [Fr.] 1. In Zarc, the crime of pro- 

curing a person to take such a false oath as constitutes 
perjury. 2. The crime of procuring one to do a criminal 
or bad action. 

SUB-ORN'ED, (sub-ornd') pp. Procured to take a false oath, 
or to do a bad action. 

SUB-ORN'ER, n. One who procures another to take a false 
oath, or to do a bad action. 

SUB-ORN'ING, ppr. Procuring one to take a false oath, or 
to do a criminal action. 

SUB-o'VATE, a. [L.5u& and ovatus.] Almost ovate ; near- 
ly in the form of an egg. Martyn. 

SUB-Pe'NA, n. [L. sub and pcena.] A writ commanding the 
attendance in court of the person on whom it is served, 
as a witness. Sec. 

SUB-Pe'NA, v. t. To serve with a writ of subpena ; to com- 
mand attendance in court by a legal writ. 
SUB-PER-PEN-DI€'U-LAR, n. [sufi and perpendicular.] A 
subnormal, which see. 

SUB-PET'I-O-L A.TE, a. [sub and petiole.] In botany, hav- 
ing a very short petiole. Martyn. 

SUB-PRT'OR, n. [sub and prior.] The vicegerent of a pri- 
or ; a claustral officer who assists the prior. South. 
SUB-PUR'CHA-SER, n. A purchaser who buys of a pur- 
c1i<iscr« 

SUB-CIUAD'RATE, a. Nearly square. Say. 
SUB-ClUAD'RU-PLE, a. Containing one part of four. 
SUB-Q.UIN'QJJE-FID, a. Almost quinquefid. 
SUB-CtUIN'TU-PLE, a. Containing one part of five. 
SUB-Ra'MOUS, a. In botany, having few branches. 
SUB-RE€'TOR, n. A rector’s deputy or substitute. 
SUB-REP'TION, n. [L. subreptio.] The act of obtaining a 
' favor by surprise or unfair representation. 
SUB-REP-Ti"TTOUS, a. [L. sui-reptitius.] Falsely crept 
in ; fraudulently obtained. See Surreptitious. 
SUB-REP-TI"TIOUS-LY, ado. By falsehood ; by stealth. 
Sherwood. 

f SUB-REP'TIVE, a. [Fr. subreptif.] Subreptitious. Cot- 
grave. 

t SUB'RO-GATE, v. t. [L. subrogo.] To put in the place 
of another. Sec Surrogate. 

SUB-RO-Ga'TION, 71. In the civil law, the substituting 


of one person in the place of another and giving him his 
rights. 

SUB-RO-TUND', a. [L. sub and rotundus.] Almost 
round. 

SUB-SA-LTNE', a. Moderately saline or salt. Encyc. 

SUB'SALT, 71. A salt with less acid than is sufficient to 
neutralize its radicals ; or a salt having an excess of the 
base. 

SUB-SCAP'U-LAR, a. [L. sub and scapula.] The subscap- 
ular artery is the large branch of the axillary artery, which 
rises near the lowest margin of the scapula. 

SUB-SCRlBE', V. t. [L. subscribe ; Fr. souscrire ; It. soscri- 
vere ; Sp. subscribir.] 1. To sign with one’s own hand ; 
to give consent to something written, or to bind one’s self 
by writing one’s name beneath. 2. To attest by writing 
one’s name beneath. 3. To promise to give by writing 
one’s name. 4. To submit ; [o&»^] 

SUB-SCRIBE', V. i. 1. To promise to give a certain sum by 
setting one’s name to a paper. 2. To assent. 

SUB-SCRiB'ED, (sub skribd') pp. 1. Having a name or 
names written underneath. 2. Promised by writing the 
name and sum. 

SUB-SCRiB'ER, n. 1. One who subscribes; one who con-^ 
tributes to an undertaking by subscribing. 2. One who 
enters hjs name for a paper, book, map and the like. 

SUB-SCRTB'ING, ppr. Writing one’s name underneath ; 
assenting to or attesting by writing the name beneath ; 
entering one’s name as a purchaser. 

SUB'SGRIPT, n. Any thing underwritten. Bentley. 

SUB-SCRIP'TION, 7?. [L. subscriptio.] 1. Any thing, par- 
ticularly a paper, with names subscribed. 2. 1'he act of 
subscribing or writing one’s name underneath ; name sub- 
scribed ; signature. 3. Consent or attestation given by 
underwriting the name. 4. The act of contributing to 
any undertaking. 5. Sum subscribed ; amount of sums 
subscribed. 6. Submission ; obedience ; [oi^.] 

SUB-SEC'TION, 77. [L. S7tZ> and 5cct7(7.] The part or divis- 
ion of a section ; a subdivision ; the section of a section. 

SUB-SEC'U-TI VE, a. [L. subsequor, subsecutus.] Follow- 
ing in a train or succession. [L. 77.] 

SUB-SEM'I-TONE, n. In music, the sharp seventh or sen- 
sible of any key. 

SUB-SEP'TU-PLE, a. [L. sub and septuplus.] Containing 
one of seven parts. Wilkins. 

SUB SE-Q.UENCE, n. [L. subsequor, subseq^iens.] A fol- 
lowing ; a state of coming after something. Grew. 

SUB'SE-QUENT, a. [Fr. ; L. subsequevs.] 1. Following 
in time ; coming or being after something else at any time, 
indefinitely. 2. Following in the order of place or sue- 

• Qii p p pp H 1 n {T 

SUB'SE-dUENT-LY, adv. 1. At a later time ; in time 
after something else. 2. After something else in order. 

SUB-SERVE', (sub-serv') v. t. [L. .^ubservio.] To serve in 
subordination ; to serve instrumentally. Milton. 

SUB-SERV'I-ENCE, ) n. Instrumental use ; use or ope- 

SUB-SERV'I-EN-CY, ) ration that promotes some pur- 
pose. 

SUB-SERV'I-ENT, a. [L. subserviens.] 1. Useful as an 
instrument to promote a purpose ; serving to promote 
some end. 2. Subordinate ; acting as a subordinate in- 
strument. 

SUB-SERV'T-ENT-LY, adv. In a subservient manner. 

SUB-SES'SILE, a. [L. sub and sessilis.] In botany, almost 
sessile ; having very short footstalks. Lee. 

SUB-SEX'TU-PLE, a. [L. sub and sextvplus.] Containing 
one part in six. Wilkins. 

SUB-SIDE', V. i. [L. subside.] 1. To sink or fall to the 
bottom ; to settle, as lees. 2. To fall into a state of 
quiet ; to cease to rage ; to be calmed ; to become tran- 
quil. 3. To tend downwards ; to sink. 4. To abate ; to 
be reduced. 

SUB-Si'DENCE, \ n. 1. The act or process of sinking or 

SUB-ST'DEN-CY, \ falling, as the lees of liquors. 2. The 
act of sinking or gradually descending, as ground. 

* SUB-SID'I-A-RY, a. [Fr. subsidiaire ; L. subsidiarius.] 

1. Aiding; assistant; furnishing help. 2. Furnishing 
additional supplies. 

* SUB-SID'I-A-RY, 77. An assistant ; an auxiliary ; he or 
that which contributes aid or additional supplies. 

SUB'SI-DiZE, V. t. [from subsidy.] To furnish with a sub- 
sidy ; to purchase the assistance of another by the pay- 
ment of a subsidy to him. 

SUB'SI-DIZEB, pp. Engaged as an auxiliary by means of 
a subsidy. 

SUB'Sl-DiZ-ING, ppr. Purchasing the assistance ofbysub- 
sidies. 

SUB'SI-DY, 77. [Fr. subside ; L. sulsidium.] 1. Aid in mon- 
ey ; supply given ; a tax ; something furnished for aid, 
as by the people to their prince. 2. A sum of money paid 
by one prince or nation to another, to purchase the ser- 
vice of auxiliary troops, or the aid of such foreign prince 
in a war against an enemy. 

SUB-SIGN', (sub-sine') v. t. [L. subsigno.] To sign under; 
to write beneath. [Little tised.] Camden. 


*Sce Synopsis. A, K, I, 6, U, Y, Zotio-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— j Obsolete. 


SUB 


805 


SUB 


SUB-SIG-N ACTION, n. The act of writing the name under 
something for attestation. [Little used.] 

SUB-SiST', V. i. [Fr. subsister; It. sussistere ; Sp. sub- 
sistir ; L. subsisto.] 1. To be ; to Iiave existence. 2. To 
continue ; to retain the present state. 3. To live ; to be 
maintained with food and clothing. 4. To inhere j to 
have existence by means of something else. 

6UB-SIST', v.t. To feedj to maintain j to support with 
provisions. 

SUB-SIST'ENCE, ) n. [Fr. subsistence ; It. siLSsistenza.l 

SUB-SIST'EN-CY, \ 1. Real being. 2. Competent pro- 

visions ; means of supporting life. 3. That which sup- 
plies the means of living, as money, pay or wages. 4. 
Inherence in something else. 

SUB-SIST'ENT, a. [L. subsistens.] 1. Having real being. 
2. Inherent. 

SUB SOIL, n. The bed or stratum of earth which lies be- 
tween_the surface soil and the base on wliich they rest. 

SUB-SPk'GTES, (sub-spC'shiz) n. [sub and species.] A 
subordinate species *, a division of a species. Thomson. 

SUB^STANCE, n. [Fr. ; It. sustanza ; Sp. substancia ; L. 
substantia.] 1. In n. generel sense, being j something ex- 
isting by itself ; that which really is or exists. 2. That 
which supports accidents. 3. The essential part ; the 
main or material part. 4. Something real, not imagina- 
ry ; something solid, not empty. 5. Body j corporeal 
nature or matter. 6. Goods; estate; means of living. 

SUB-STAN'TIAL, a. 1. Belonging to substance ; real ; 
actually existing. Bentley. 2. Real ; solid ; true ; not 
seeming or imaginary. 3. Corporeal ; material. 4. Hav- 
ing substance ; strong ; stout ; solid. 5. Possessed of 
goods or estate ; responsible ; moderately wealthy. 

SUB-STAN-Tl-ALT-TY, n. 1. The state of real existence. 
2. Corporeity ; materiality. Qlanville. 

SUB-STAN'TIAL-LY, adv. 1. In the manner of a sub- 
stance ; with reality of existence. 2. Strongly ; solid- 
ly. 3. Truly ; solidly ; really. 4. In substance ; in the 
main ; essentially. 5. With competent goods or estate. 

SUB-ST AN'TIAL-NESS, n. 1. The state of being sub- 
stantial. 2. Firmness ; strength ; power of holding or 
lasting. 

SUB-STAN'TIALS, n. plu. Essential parts. Ayliffe. 

SUB-STAN'TIATE, v. t. 1. To make to exist. 2. To es- 
tablish by proof or competent evidence ; to verify ; to make 
good. Canning. 

SUB'STAN-TiYE, a. 1. Betokening existence. Arbuthnot. 
2. Solid ; depending on itself ; [obs.] Bacon. 

SUB'STAN-TlVE, n. In grammar^ a noun or name; the 
part of speech which expresses something that exists, 
either material or immaterial. 

SUB'STAN-TI VE-LY, adv. I. In substance ; essentially. — 
2. In grammar, as a name or noun. 

SUB^STiLE, n. [saZ> and stile.] The line of a dial on which 
the stile is erected. Encyc. 

SUB'STI-TUTE, v. t. [Fr. suhstituer; It. sustituire ; Sp. suh- 
stituir ; L. stibstituo.] To put in the place of another. 

SUB'STI-TUTE, n. 1. One person put in the place of an- 
other to answer the same purpose. 2. One thing put in 
the place of another. 

SUB-STI-Tu'TION, n. 1. The act of putting one per- 
son or thing in the place of another to supply its place. 
— 2. In grammar, syllepsis, or the use of one word for 
another. 

SUB-STRACT', n. t. [L. subtraho, sxihtractum .] To sub- 
tract. — Substract was formerly used in analogy with ab- 
stract. But in modern usage, it is written according to the 
Latin, subtract. 

SUB-STRA€'TION, n. In law, the withdrawing or with- 
holding of some right. 

SUB-STRa'TUM, n. [L. substratus.] 1. That which is 
laid or spread under; a layer of earth lying under an- 
other. — 2. In metaphysics, the matter or substance sup- 
posed to furnish the basis in which the perceptible quali- 
ties inhere. 

SUB-STRUC'TION, n. [L.substructio.] Under-building. 

SUB-STRUGT'URE, n. An under-structure ; a founda- 
tion. 

SUB-STY'LAR, a. In dialing, the substijlar \me is a right 
line on which the gnomon or style is erected at right an- 
gles with the plane. 

SUB'STYLE, n. [sub and style.] In dialing, the line on 
which the gnomon stands. 

SUB-SULPIFATE, n. A sulphate with an excess of the 

l)R.S0 

SUB-SULT^lVE, } a. [L. subsultus.] Bounding ; leap- 
SUB-SULT'O-RY, ^ ing ; moving by sudden leaps or 
starts, or by twitches. 

* SUB-SULT'O-RI-LY, adv. In abounding manner; by 
leaps, starts or twitches. Bacon. 

SUB-SULT'US, n. [L.] In medicine, a twitching or con- 
vulsive motion. Core. 

t SUB-SUME', V. t. [L. sub and 5umo.] To assume as a po- 
sition by consequence. Hammond. 

SUB-TAN'GENT, n. In geometry, the part of the axis con- 


tained between the ordinate and tangent drawn to the 
same point in a curve. 

SUB- PEND', V. t. [L. smJ and tendo,] To extend under; as 
the line of a triangle which subtends the right angle. 

SUB-TEND'ED, pp. Extended under. ^ ^ 

SUB-TEND'ING, ppr. Extending under. 

SUB-TENSE', (sub-tens') n. [L. sub and The 

chord of an arch or arc. 

SUB-1 EP'ID, a. [L. sub and tepidus.] ^Moderately warm. 

SUB'TER, a Latin preposition, signines under. 

SUB-TER'FLU-ENT, 


SUB-TER'FLU-OUS, 


a. [L. subterjtucns, suhterjluo.] 
, , Running under or beneath. 
SUB'TER-FUGE,7 i. [Fr.] LiteraZZ?/, that to which a person 
resorts for escape or'concealrnent ; hence, a shift; an eva- 
sion ; an artifice employed to escape censure or the force 
of an argument, or to justify opinions or conduct. 



terra, 

- , It. sot- 

terranco.] Being or lying under the surface of the eartli ; 
situated within the earth or under ground . — [Subterraaeal 
and Subterrany are not in use.] 
f SUB-TER-R AN'I-TY, n. A place under ground. 
tSUB'TER-RA-NY, v. What lies under ground. 

SUB'TIL, or SUB'TiLE, a. [Fr. subtil ; L. subtilis ; ft. sot- 
tile. This word is often written subtle, hut less properly.] 
Iiin ^ not dense or gross. 2. Nice ; fine ; delicate. 3. 


1. Thin 
Acute 


crafty : in- 


, piercing. 4. Sly ; ariiui ; cunning; 
sinuating. 5. Planned by art; deceitful. 6. Deceitful ; 
treacherous. 7. Refined ; fine ; acute. 

t SUB-TIL'f-ATE, t;. Z. To make thin. Ila'rvey. 

t SUB-TIL-I-a'TION, 71. The act of making thin or rare. 

SUB-TIL'I-TY, n. Fineness. Smellie. 
SUB-TIL-I-Za'TION, n. 1. The act of making subtil, fine 
or thin. — In the laboratory, the operation of making so vol- 
atile as to rise in steam or vapor. 2. Refinement ; extreme 
acuteness. 

SUB'TlL-lZE, V. t. [Fr. subtiliscr.] 1. To make thin or 
fine ; to make less gross or coarse. 2. To refine ; to spin 
into niceties. 

SUB'TIL-IZE, V. i. To refine in argument; to make very 
nice distinctions. Milner. 

SUB'TIL-LY, adv. 1. Thinly; not densely. 2. Finely; 
not grossly or thickly. 3. Artfully ; cunningly ; craftily. 

SUB'TIL-NESS, n. 1. Tliinness ; rareness. 2. Fineness ; 
acuteness. 3. Cunning ; artfulness. 

SUB'TIL-TY, n. [Fr. subtilite; L. subtilitas.] 1. Thinness; 
fineness ; exility. 2. Refinement ; extreme acuteness. 
3. Slyness in design ; cunning; artifice; usually, but less 
properly, written subtlety. 

SUB'TLE, (sut'tl) a. [Scp Subtil.] L Sly in design ; art- 
ful ; cunning ; insinuating. 2. Cunningly devised. 

SUB'TLE-TY. (sut'tl-ty) See Subtilty. 

SUB'TLY, (sut'ly) adv. 1. Slily ; artfully ; cunningly. Mil- 
ton. 2. Nicely ; delicately. Pope. 

SUB-TRACT', 77. Z. [hi. subtraho, subtractus.] To withdraw 
or take a part from the rest ; to deduct. 

SUB-TRACT'ED, pp. Withdrawn from tlie rest ; deducted. 

SUB-TRACT'ER, 71. 1. He that subtracts. 2. The number 
to be taken from a larger number ; [i>Z;;?.] 

SUB-TRACT'ING, ppr. Withdrawing from the rest. 

SUB-TRAC'TION, 71. [li. subtraction 1. The act or ope- 
ration of taking a part from tlie rest. — 2. In arithmetic, the 
taking of a lesser number from a greater of the same kind 
or denomination. 

SUB-TRACT'IVE, a. Tending or having power to sub- 
tract. 


SUB-TRA-HEND', n. In arithmetic, the sum or number to 
be subtracted or taken from another. 

SUB-TRT'FID, a. Slightly trifid. Martyn. 

SUB-TRIP'LE, a. [i'lii and triple.] Containing a third or 
one part of three. Wilkins. 

SUB-TRIP'LI-CATE, a. In the ratio of the cubes. 

SUB-Tu'TOR, 71. [smZ> and tutor.] An under-tutor. Bur- 
n et. 

SUB'U-LATE, a. [L. subula.] In botany, shaped like an, 
awl ; awl-shaped. Martyn. 

f SUB-UN-Da'TION, 71. [L. SM& and xinda.] Flood; del- 
uge. Huloct. 

SUB'URB, or SUB'URBS, n. [L. .suburhium.] I. A build- 
ing without the walls of a city, but near them ; or, mere 
generally, the parts that lie without tlie walls, but in tho 
vicinity of a city. 2. The confines ; the out-part. 

SUB-UR B' AN, a. [L. subtirbanus.] Inhabiting or being in 
the suburbs of a city. 

SUB'URBED, a. Bordering on a suburb ; having a suburb 
on its out-part. Carew. 

SUB-UR-BI-€a'RI-AN, Z a. [Low L. suburhicarius.] Be- 

SUB-URB'[-€A-RY, ) ing in the suburbs. 

SUB-VA-RT'E-TY, n. [sub and variety.] A subordinate va- 
riety, or division of a variety. Mineralogy. 

t SUB-VEN-Ta'NE-OUS, a. [L. subventaneus.] Addle ; 
windy. 

SUB-VEN'TION, n. [L. sitftyenio.] 1. The act of coming 


* See Synopsis, MOVE, BOQK, DOVE f-MJTJLL, UNITE.— € as K j G as J ; $ as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


SUD 


sue 


806 


under. 2. The act of coming to relief j support j aid j 
Hittlc used.'] 

SUB-VERSE', (sub-vers') v. t. To subvert. Spenser. 

SUB-VER^SION, n. [Fr.; L. subversio.] Entire overthrow j 
an overthrow of the foundation ; utter ruin. 

SUB-VERS'IVE, a. Tending to subvert ; having a tenden- 
cy to overthrow and ruin. 

SUB-VERT', V. t. [L. subverto ,• Fr., Sp. subvertir.] 1. To 
overthrow from the foundation ; to overturn ; to ruin ut- 
terly. 2. To corrupt ; to confound ; to pervert the mind, 
and turn it from the truth. 2 Tim. ii. 

SUB-VERT'ED, pjj. Overthrown j overturned j entirely de- 
stroyed. 

SUB-VERT'ER, One who subverts ; an overthrower. 

SUB-VERT'ING, ppr. Overthrowing j entirely destroy- 
ing. 

SUB-V\"6RK'ER, n. A subordinate worker or helper- 

SUG-CE-Da'NE-OUS, a. [L. succedaneus.] Supplying the 
place of something else j being or employed as a substi- 
tute. Boyle. 

SU€-CE-1)a'NE-UM, n. That which is used for something 
else ; a substitute. TVarburton. 

SUC-CEED', I V. t. [Fr. succeder ; It. succedcre ; Sp. suced- 

SU€-CeDE', \ er L. succedo.] 1. To follow in order ; to 
take the place which another has left. 2. To follow ; to 
come after ; to be subsequent or consequent. 3. To pros- 
per j to make successful. 

SUG CEED', V. i. 1. To follow in order. 2. To come in 
the place of one that has died or quitted the place, or of 
that which has preceded. 3. To obtain the object desir- 
ed ; to accomplish what is attempted or intended ; to 
have a prosperous termination. 4. To terminate with 
advantage ; to have a good eifect. 5. To go under cover j 
[little used.] 

SUG-CEED'ED, pp. Followed in order; prospered ; attend- 
ed with success. 

EU€-CEED'ER, n. One that follows or comes in the place 
of another ; a successor. 

SUG-CEED ING, ppr. 1. Following in order; subsequent ; 
coming after. 2. Taking the place of another who has 
quitted the place, or is dead. 3. Giving success ; pros- 
pering. 

SUG-GEED'ING, The act or state of prospering or hav- 
iii^ success# 

SUG-CESS', 71. [Fr. succes ; Ju. successxis.] 1. The favor- 
able or prosperous termination of any thing attempted ; 
a termination which answers the purpose intended. 2. 
Succession ; [065.] 

SUG-CESS'Fl/L, a. Terminating in accomplishing what is 
wished or intended ; having the desired effect. 

SUG-CESS'FUL-LY, adv. With a favorable termination of 
what is attempted ; prosperously; favorably. Sicift. 

SUG-GESS'FUL-NESS, n. Prosperous conclusion; favora- 
ble event ; success. Hammond. 

SUG-GES'SION, n. [Fr.; L. successio.] 1. A following of 
things in order ; consecution ; series of things following 
one another, either in time or place. 2. The act of suc- 
ceeding or coming in the place of another. 3. Lineage ; 
an order or series of descendants. 4. The power or right 
of coming to the inheritance of ancestors. 

SUG-CESS'IVE, a. [Fr. successif ; It. swccesstuo.] 1. Fol- 
lowing in order or uninterrupted course, as a series of per- 
sons or things, and either in time or place. 2. Inherited 
by succession ; as, a successive title ; [1. ii.] 

SUG-CESS'IVE-LY, adv. In a series or order, one follow- 
ing another. 

SUG-CESS'lVE-NESS, n. The state of being successive. 

SUG-CESS'LESS, a. Having no success ; unprosperous ; un- 
fortunate ; failing to accomplish what was intended. 

SUG-CESS'LESS-LY, adv. Without success. Hammond. 

SUG-CESS'LESS-NESS, n. Unprosperous conclusion. 

'♦'SUG-CESS'OR, n. [L.l One that succeeds or follows ; one 
that takes the place wnich another has left, and sustains 
the like part or character ; correlative to predecessor. 

SUG-GID U-OUS, a. [L. sitcculmts.] Ready to fall ; falling. 
[Little 

SUG-CIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. succus and fero.] Producing or 
conveying sap. 

SUG'CI-NATE, V. [L. succinum.] A salt formed by the 
succinic acid and a base. 

SUG'CI-NA-TED, a. Impregnated with the acid of am- 
ber. 

SUG-CINGT', a. [L. snccincUis.] 1. Tucked up ; girded 
up ; drawn up to permit the legs to be free ; [1. «.] 2. 

Compressed into a narrow compass ; short ; brief ; con- 
cis6# 

SUG-CINGT'LY, adv. Briefly ; concisely. 

SUG-CINGT'NESS, ?i. Brevity ; conciseness. 

i^UG-CIN'IG, a. Pertaining to amber ; drawn from amber. 

SUG'CI-NITE, n. [L. succinum.] A mineral of an amber 
color, considered as a variety of garnet. 

SUG'CI-NOUS, a. Pertaining to amber. 

SUG'GOR, V. t. [Fr. secourir ; It. soccorrere ; Sp. socorrer ; L. 
succuTn’o.] LiteraUi/, to run to, or run to support ; hence. 


to help or relieve when in difiiculty, want or distress ; to 
assist and deliver from suffering. 

SUG'GOR, 71. 1. Aid; help; ai^sistance particularly, as- 
sistance that relieves and delivers from difiiculty, want 
or distress. 2. The person or thing that brings relief. 

SUG'GORED, pp. Assisted ; relieved. 

SUG'GOR-ER, n. He that affords relief; a helper ; a deliv- 
6r0r# 

SUG'GOR-LESS, a. Destitute of help or relief. Thomson. 

SUG'GOR-Y, 71. Wild endive, a plant of the genus cicho- 


rium. 


/ (/IVItt* 

SUG'GO-TASH, n. In America, a mixture of green maize 
and beans boiled. The dish, as well as the name, is bor- 
rowed from the native Indians. 

SUG'GU-BA, ) 71. [L. sub and c7ibo.] A pretended kind of 
SUG'GU-BUS, j demon. Mir. for Mag. 

SUG'GU-LExYGE, ) 

SUG'GU-LEN-CY, \ J^icmess. 

SUG'GU-LENT, a. [Fr. ; 1j. succulentus.] Full of Juice; 


SUG-GUMB', V. i. [L. succumbo.] 1. To yield ; to submit. 
2. To yield; to sink unresistingly. 

SUG-GUMB'ING, ppr. Yielding; submitting; sinking. 

SUG-GUS-Sa'TION, 71. [L. succusso.] 1. A trot or trot- 
ting. Broicn. 2. A shaking ; succussion. 

SUG-GUS'SION,7i. [L. succussio.'^ 1. The act of shaking ; 
a shake. — 2. In 7;jedicme, a shaking of the nervous parts 
by powerful stimulants. 

SUCH, a. [Perhaps a contraction of Sax. swelc, swylc, G. 
solch, D. zolk but more probably, the Russ, sitze, sitzev.] 
]. Of that kind ; of the like kind. 2. Thesamethat. 3. 
The same as what has been mentioned. 4. Referring to 
what has been specified. — 5. Such and such is used in ref- 
erence to a person or place of a certain kind. 

SUGK, V. t. [Sax. sucan, S7iccan ; G. saugen ; D. zuigen ; 
Sw. suga ; L. svgo ; Fr. sucer ; It. succiare, succhiare.] 

1. To draw with the mouth ; to draw out, as a liquid from 
a cask, or milk from the breast ; to draw into the moutJi. 

2. To draw milk from with the mouth. 3. To draw into 
the mouth ; to imbibe. 4. To draw or drain. 5. To draw 
in, as a whirlpool ; to absorb. 6. To inhale. — To suck in, 
to draw into the mouth ; to imbibe ; to absorb. — To suck 
07it, to draw out with the mouth ; to empty by suction. — 
To suck up, to draw into the mouth. 

SUGK, V. i. 1. To draw by exhausting the air, as with the 
mouth, or with a tube. 2. To draw the breast. 3. To 
draw in ; to imbibe. 

SUGK, 71. 1. The act of drawing with the mouth. Boyle. 
2. Milk drawn from the breast by the mouth. Shak. 

SUGKED, pp. Drawn with the mouth, or with an instru- 
ment that exhausts the air ; imbibed ; absorbed. 

SUGK'ER, n. 1. He or that which draws with the mouth. 
2. The embolus or piston of a pump. 3. A pipe through 
which any thing is drawn. 4. The shoot of a pkuit from 
the roots or lower part of the stem. 5. A fish. 

SUGK'ER, V. t. To strip off shoots ; to deprive of suckei-s. 

SUGK'ET, 71. A sweetmeat for the mouth. Clcaveland. 

SUGK'ING, ppr. Drawing with the mouth or with an in- 
strument ; imbibing ; absorbing. 

SUGK'ING-BOT-TLE, n. A bottle to be filled with milk 
for infants to suck, instead of the pap. Locke. 

fSUG'KLE, n. A teat. 

SUG'KLE, V. t. To give suck to ; to nurse at the breast. 

SUG'KLED, pp. Nursed at the breast. 

SUGK'LING, ppr. Nursing at the breast. 

SUGK'LING, 71. 1. A young child or animal nursed at the 
breast. Ps. viii. 2. A sort of white clover. Cyc. 

SUG'TION, 71. [Fr.] 1. The act of sucking or drawing into 
the mouth. 2. The act of drawing, as fluids, into a pipe. 

Stj[DAK, n. A fish, a species o^perca. Tooke. 

t Su'DA-RY, n. [L. sudaruisn.] A napkin or handkerchief. 

SU-Da'TION, 71. [L. sudatio.j A sweating. 

^U'DA-TO-RY, n. [L. sudatoriuin.] A hot-house ; a sweat- 
ing-bath. Herbert. 

Su'DA-TO-RY, a. Sweating. 

SUD'DEN, a. [Sax. soden Fr. soudain.] 1. Happening 
without previous notice ; coming unexpectedly, or with- 
out tl>e common preparatives. 2. Hasty ; violent ; rash ; 
precipitate ; passionate ; [ofts.] 

fSUD'DEN, n. An unexpected occurrence; surprise. — On 
a sudden, sooner than was expected ; without the usual 


preparatives. Milto7i. 

SUD'DEN-LY, adv. 1. In an unexpected manner ; unex- 
pectedly ; hastily ; without preparation. 2. Without pre- 
meditation. 

SUD'DEN-NESS, 71. State of being sudden ; a coming or 
happening without previous notice. 

SU-DO-RIF'IG, a. [Fr. sudorifique.] Causing sweat ; excit- 
ing perspiration. Baco7i. 

SU-DO-RIF'IG, 71. A medicine that produces sweat or sen- 
sible perspiration. Coze. 

Su'DOR-OUS, a. [L. sudor.] Consisting of sweat. Broic7i. 

SUDS, 71. smg. Water impregnated with soap. — To hem 
the suds, to be in turmoil or difiiculty ; a familiar phrase. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, Iona , — FAR, FALL, "WHAT; — PR£Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — | Obsolete. 


SUF 


807 


SOE, (su) V. t. [Fr suivre.] 1 . To seek justice or right from 
one by legal process ; to institute process in law against 
one ; to prosecute in a civil action for tire recovery of a 
real or supposed right. 2 . To gain by legal process. 3 . 
To clean the beak, as a hawk 3 a term of falconry . — To 
sue out, to petition for and take out 3 or to apply for and 
obtain. 

SuE, V. i. 1 . To prosecute 3 to make legal claim 3 to seek 
for in law. 2 . To seek by request 3 to apply for 3 to peti- 
tion 3 to entreat. 3 . To make interest for 3 to demand. 

Sued, pp. Prosecuted 3 sought in law. 

fSu'ER, n. One who seeks to obtain by treaty 3 a suitor. 
Lord. 

SCi'ET, n. [VV. swyv and swijved.l The fat of an animal, 
particularly that about tlie kidneys 3 lard. Wiseman. 

Su'E 3 ’-Y, a. Consisting of suet, or resembling it. 

SUF'FEll, v.t. [L. sujfero ^ Fr. soujfrir ; It. sofferire ; Sp. 
sufrir.] 1. To feel or bear what is painful, disagreeable, 
or distressing, either to the body or mind 3 to undergo. 2. 
To endure 3 to support 3 to sustain 3 not to sink under. 3 . 
']''o allow 3 to permit 3 not to forbid or hinder. 4 . To un- 
dergo 3 to be affected by. 5 . To sustain 3 to be affect- 
ed by. 

SUF'FER, V. i. To feel or undergo pain of body or mind 3 
to bear what is inconvenient. 2 . To undergo, as punish- 
ment. 3 . To be injured 3 to sustain loss or damage. Tem- 
ple. 

SUF'FER- A-BLE, a. 1 . That may be tolerated or permit- 
ted 3 allowable. 2 . That may be endured or borne. 

SUF'FER-A-BLE-NESS, n. Tolerableness. Scott. 

SUF'FER-A-BLY, adv. Tolerably 3 so as to be endured. 

SUF FER-ANCE, ??. 1 . The bearing of pain 3 endurance 3 
pain endured ; misery. 2 . Patience 3 moderation 3 a bear- 
ing with patience. 3 . Toleration ; permission 3 allow- 
ance 3 negative consent by not forbidding or hindering. 

SUF'FER-ED, pp. Borne 3 undergone 3 permitted 5 allowed. 

SUF'F£R-ER, n. One who endures or undergoes pain, ei- 
ther of body or mind 3 one who sustains inconvenience or 
loss. 2 . One that permits or allows. 

SUF'FER-ING, p/n*. Bearing 3 undergoing pain, inconven- 
ience or damage 3 permitting 5 allowing. 

SUF'FER-ING, tj. The bearing of pain, inconvenience or 
loss 3 pain endured 3 distress, loss or injury incurred. 

SUF'FER-ING-LY, ado. With pain. Cabalistical Dialoaue. 

SUF-FICE', (suf-fize') v. i. [Fr. suffire. ,• L. suficio.] To be 
enough or suliicient 3 to be equal to the end proposed. 

SUF-FICE', (suf-fize') v. t. 1 . To satisfy 3 to content 3 to 
be equal to the wants or demands of. 2 . To afford 3 to 
supply 5 [e&5.] 

SUF-FI'CED, (suf-fizd') pp. Satisfied 3 adequately sup- 
plied. 

SUF-FI"CIEN’-CY, n. 1 . The state of being adequate to the 
end proposed. 2 . (Qualification for any purpose. 3 . Com- 
petence 3 adequate substance or means. 4 . Supply equal 
to wants 3 ample stock or fund. 5 . Ability 3 adequate 
power. 6. Conceit 3 self-confidence. 

gUF-Fi"CIENT, a. [L. suficiens.] 1 . Enough 3 equal to the 
end proposed 3 adequate to wants 3 competent. 2 . (Quali- 
fied 3 competent 3 possessing adequate talents or accom- 
plishments. 3 . Fit 3 able 3 of competent power or abil- 
ity. 

SUF-Fi"CIENT-TjY, adv. To a sufficient degree 3 enough 3 
to a degree that answers the purpose, or gives content. 

gUF-FI'CIN( 4 , (suf-fiz'ing) ppr. Supplying what is need- 
ed 5 satisfying. 

t SUF-FT'SANCE, v. [Fr.] Sufficiency 3 plenty. Spenser. 

SUF'FIX, 70 [1j. suffixus, su fig 0 .] A letter or syllable add- 
ed or annexed to the end of a word. Parkhurst. 

SUF-FIX', V. t. To add a letter or syllable to a word. 

SUF-FIX'ED, (suf-fixt') pp. Added to the end of a word. 

SUF-FIX'ING, ppr. Adding to the end of a word. 

fSUF-FLAM'i-NATE, -y. t. [L. suffiamcu.] To stop 3 to im- 
pede. 

SUF-FLaTE', V. t. [L. svfio.] To blow up 3 to inflate. 

SUF-FLa'TION, n. [L. siiffiatio.] The act of blowing up or 
inflating. Coles. 

f: UF'FO-CATE, v. t. [Fr. suffoquer ; It. suffogare ; Sp. suf- 
ocar L. suffoco.'] 1 . To choke or kill by stopping res- 
piration. 2 . To stifle 3 to destroy 3 to extinguish. Col- 
lier. 

SUF'FO-CATE, a. Suffocated. Shah. 

SUF'FO-CA-TED, pp. Choked 3 stifled. 

SUF'FO-CA-TING, ppr. Choking 3 stifling. 

SUF'FO-CA-TING-LY, adv. So as to suffocate. 

SUF-FO-Ca'TION, 77. 1 . The act of choking or stifling 5 a 
stopping of respiration. 2 . The act of stifling, destroying 
or extinguishing. 

SUF'FO-€A-TIVE, a. Tending or able to choke or stifle. 

SUF-FOS'SION, 71 . [L.sM#o 56 to.] A digging under 3 an un- 
dermining. Bp. Hall. 

SUF'FRA-GAN, a. [Fr. suffragant ; It. sufraganeo ; L. svf- 
frairans.] Assisting 3 as, a suffragan bishop. 

SUF'FRA-GAN, n. A bishop, considered as an assistant to 
his metropolitan 3 or rather, an assistant bishop. 


SUI 

f SUF'FRA-G ANT, n. An assistant 3 a favorer 3 one who 
concurs with. Taylor. 

j- SUF'FRA-G ATE, v.t. [F. suffragor.'] To vote with. 

SUF'FRA-GA-TOR, n. [L.] One who assists or favors by 
his vole. Bp. of Chester. 

SUF'FRAGE, n. [L. suffragium ; Fr. suffrage.] I. A vote 3 
a voice given in deciding a controverted question, or in 
the choice of a man for an office or trust. 2. United voice 
of persons in public prayer. 3 . Aid 3 assistance 3 a Latin- 
ism ; [y/75.] 

SUF-FRAG'IN-OUS, a. [L. suffrage.] Pertaining to the 
knee-joint of a beast. Brown. 

SUF-FRu'TI-COUS, a. [L. suiZ/ and /ruficosit5. j \x\ botany, 
under-shrubby, or part shrubby. 

SUF-Fu'MI-G ATE, v. t. [L. suffumigo.l To apply fumes 
or smoke to the internal parts of the body. 

SUF-FU-MI-Ga'T 10 N, n. 1 . Fumigation 3 the operation of 
smoking any thing. 2 . A term applied to all medicines 
that are received into the body in tlie form of fumes. 

SUF-Fu'MIGE, n. A medical fume. Harvey. 

SUF-FtlSE' (suf-fuze') v. t. [L. suffusus.] To overspread, 
as with a fluid or tincture. Pope. 

SUF-FuS'ED, (suf-fuzd') P27. Overspread, as with a fluid. 

SUF-FU'SION, 77. [F. 3 h. suffusio.] 1 . The act or opera- 
tion of overspreading, as with a fluid. 2 . Tlie state of 
being suffused or spread over. 3 . That which is suffused 
or spread over. 

SU(i, 77. [L. s7/,xfo.] A kind of worm. Walton. 

SIJG'AR, (shug'ar) n. [Fr. sucre ; Arm. suer ; azucar \ 
It. lucchero 3 G. zucker ; D. suiker ; Dan. sokker, sukker : 
Sw. socker ; W. sugyr.] 1 . A well-known substance man- 
ufactured chiefly from the sugar-cane, arundo saccJiurife- 
ra. 2 . A chemical term 3 as, the sugar of lead. 

SIJ( 5 'AR, (shug'ar) v. t. 1 . To impregnate, season, cover, 
sprinkle or mix with sugar. 2 . To sweeten. 

SUGAR e/ Acetate of lead. 

SIJG'AR-€AN-DY, (shug'ar-kan-dy) 77. [57/g-arand eavdy.] 
Sugar clarified and concreted or crystalized, in which 
state it becomes transparent. 

SIJG'AR-GANE, n. [sugar and cane.] The canc or plant 
from whose juice sugar is obtained. 

SUG'AR-IIOUSE, 77. A building in which sugar is refined. 

SjjG'AR-LoAF, 77. A conical mass of relined sugar. 

SiiG'AR-MILL, 77. A machine for pressing out the juice of 
the sugar-cane. 

SUG'AK-MITE, 77. A winged insect 3 lepisma. 

SIJG'AR-PLUM, 77. [sugar and plum.] A species of sweet- 
meat, in small balls. 

SUG'AR-Y, (shug'ar-y) a. 1 . 'I’inctured or sweetened with 
sugar 3 sweet 3 tasting like sugar. 2 . Fond of sugar, <-r 
of sweet tilings. 3 . Containing sugar, .dsh. 4 . Like 
sugar, j^sh. 

SU-GES'CENT, a. [L. 57/^^775.] Relating to sucking. Pa- 
ley. 

*SUG-GEST', V. t. [L. suggero, suggestus 3 It. suggeiire 3 
Fr. *'77;r^e/-er.] 1 . To hint 3 to intimate or mention in the 
first instance. 2 . To offer to the mind or thoughts. 3 . 
To seduce 3 to draw to ill by insinuation 3 [r;fo.] 4 . To 
inform secretly 3 [0^75.] 

SUG-GEST'ED, pp. Hinted 3 intimated. 

* SUG-GEST'ER, n. One that suggests. 

*SUG-GES'TION, n. [Fr. 3 from suggest.] 1 . A hint 3 a 
first intimation, proposal or mention. 2 . Presentation of 
an idea to the mind. 3 . Insinuation 3 secret notification 
or incitement. — 4 . In law, information without oath. 

='^SUG-GEST' 1 VE, a. Containing a hint or intimation. 

fSUG'GlL, V. t. [L. suggillo.] To defame. Parker. 

t SUG'GIL-ATE, v.t. [L. suggillo.] To beat black and 
blue. 

|SUG-GIL-a'TION, 77. A black and blue mark 3 a blow 3 
a bruise. 

Stj-I-Ci'DAL, a. Partaking of the crime of suicide. 

SU'l-CTDE, 77. [Fr. 3 F. suicidium .] 1 . Felf-mnrder3 the act 
of designedly^ destroying one’s own life. 2 . One guilty 
of self-murder 3 a felo de se. 

fSu'I-CISM, for sxiicide. 

t SUIL'LAGE, 77. [Fr. so77R?77^c.] Drain of filth. Wotton. 

Su’ING, pp?-. of SMC. Prosecuting. 

fSu'ING, 77. [F. suer; li. swde.] The process of soaking 
through any thing. Bacon. 

Suit, 77. [Norm. 57aQ, or snyt : Fr. suite.] 1 . Consecution 3 
succession 3 series 3 regular order 3 [o/?s.] 2 . A set 3 a 

number of things used together, and in a degree necessary 
to be united, in order to answer the purpose. 3 . A set of 
tlie same kind or stamp. 4 . Retinue 3 a company or man 
ber of attendants or followers 3 attendance 3 train 3 as, a 
nobleman and his stdt. [This is sometimes pronounced 
as a French word, siceet.] 5 . A petition 3 a seeking for 
something by petition or application. 6. Solicitation of a 
woman in marriage 3 courtship. — 7 . In Zaic, an action or 
process for the recovery of a right or claim ; legal aj)plica- 
tion to a court for justice 3 prosecution of right before at;y 
tribunal. 8. Pursuit 3 prc»secution 3 chase. 

Suit, y. G To fit 3 to adapt 3 to make proper. 2 . To bo 


* See Syyiopsis. MOVE, BOOK, Do VE 3— BULL, UNITE.— € as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


SUM 


SUL 808 


come; to be fitted to. 3. To dress; to clothe. 4. To 
please ; to make content. 

Suit, v. i. To agree ; to accord ; as, to suit with. Dryden, 
SuIT'A-BLE, a. 1. Fitting ; according with; agreeable to; 

proper ; becoming. 2. Adequate. 

SUIT' A-BLE-N ESS, n. Fitness ; propriety ; agreeableness ; 

ji state of being adapted or accommodated. 

SuIT'A-BLY, adv. Fitly ; agreeably ; with propriety. 

Suite, 71. Retinue. See Suit. 

SuIT'ED, 2>p. Fitted ; adapted ; pleased. 

SuIT'ING, F'itting; according with ; becoming, 
SuIT'OR, n. 1. One that sues or prosecutes a demand of 
right in law, as a plaintiff, petitioner or appellant. 2. One 
who attends a court, whether plaintiff, defendant, peti- 
tioner, appellant, witness, juror and the like. 3. A peti- 
tioner; an applicant. 4. One who solicits a woman in 
jnarriage ; a wooer ; a lover. 

SuIT'RESS, n. A female supplicant. Rowe. 

SUL'GATE, ) a. [L. sulcus.] In botany, furrowed ; groov- 
SUL'GA-TED, | ed. Martyn. 

fSULK, V. i. [Sax. solcen.] 'To be sluggishly discontented; 

to be silently sullen ; to be morose or obstinate. 
SULK'I-LY, adv. In the sulks ; morosely. Iron Chest. 
SULK'I-NESS, ri. Sullenness ; sourness ; moroseness. 
SULK'Y, a. [Sax. soZccTi.j Sullen; sour; heavy ; obstinate ; 
morose, .ds. Res. 

SULK'Y, n. A carriage for a single person. 
fSULL, 7?. [Sax. smZ/i.] A plough. Jimsworth. 

SUL'LAGE, 77. [See Sulliage.] A drain of filth, or filth 
collected from the street or highway. Cyc. 

SUL'LEN, a. 1. Gloomily angry and silent; cross; sour; 
affected with ill humor. 2. Mischievous ; malignant. 3. 
Obstinate ; intractable. 4. Gloomy ; dark ; dismal. 5. 
^ Heavy ; dull ; sorrowful, 
t SUL'LEN, V. t. To make sullen. Fellows. 

SUL'LEN-LY, adv. Gloomily; malignantly; intractably; 
with moroseness. Dryden. 

SUL'LEN-NESS, n. Ill nature with silence ; silent morose- 
ness ; gloominess ; malignity ; intractableness. 
fSUL'LENS, n.plu. A morose temper ; gloominess, 
f SUL'LI-AGE, 71. \Fy. souilla(Te.] Foulness; filth. 
SUL'LIED, pp. Soiled ; tarnished ; stained. 

SUL'LY, V. t. [Fr. sotiiller.] 1. To soil ; to dirt ; to spot ; to 
tarnish. 2. To tarnish ; to darken. 3. To stain ; to tar- 
nish. 

SUL'LY, 77. i. To be soiled or tarnished. Bacon. 

SUL'LY, 77. Soil ; tarnish ; spot. Spectator. 

SUL'LY-ING, p;7r. Soiling; tarnishing; staining. 
SUL'PHATE, a. [from sulphur.] A neutral salt formed by 
sulphuric acid in combination with any base. 
SUL-PHAT'I€, a. Pertaining to sulphate. 

SUL'PIIITE, 77. A salt or definite compound formed by a 
combination of sulphurous acid with a base. 

SUL'PHUR, 77. [L. ; Fr. soufre ; It. zolfo ; D. solfer.] A sim- 
ple, combustible mineral substance, of a yellow color, 
brittle, insoluble in water, but fusible by heat. 
SUL'PHUR-ATE, a. [L. sulphuratus.] Belonging to sul- 
phur ; of the color of sulphur. [Little used.] More. 
SUL'PHUR-ATE, v. t. To combine with sulphur. 
SUL'PHUR-A-TED, pp. Combined with sulphur. 
SUL-PHUR-a'TION, 77 . Act of dressing or anointing with 
sulphur. Bentley. 

SUL'PHuRE, ) 77 . A combination of sulphur with a me- 
SUL'PHU-RET, ^ tallic, earthy or alkaline base. 
SUL-PHu'RE-OUS, a. Consisting of sulphur; having the 
qualities of sulphur or brimstone ; impregnated with sul- 
phur. 

SUL-PHu'RE-OUS-LY, adv. In a sulphureous manner. 
SUL-PHu'RE-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being sulphure- 
ous. 

SUL'PHU-RET-ED, a. Applied to gaseous bodies holding 
sulphur in solution. 

SUL'PHUR-IC or SUL-PHfj'RIC, a. Pertaining to sulphur ; 
more strictly, designating an acid formed by sulphur satu- 
rated with oxygen. 

SUL'PHUR-OU'S, a. Like sulphur; containing sulphur; also, 
designating an acid formed by sulphur subsaturated with 
oxygen. 

BUL'PHUR-WoRT, n. A plant, hog’s fennel, of the genus 
peucedauum. 

SUL'PHUR-Y, a. Partaking of sulphur; having the quali- 
ties of sulphur. 

SUL'TAN, 77. [qu. Ch., Syr., Heb. to rule.] An ap- 
pellation given to the emperor of the Turks. 

SUL-Ta'NA, or SUL'TAN-ESS, n. The queen of a sultan ; 

the empress of the Turks. Cleaveland. 
BUL'TAN-FLOW-ER, a. A plant, a species of centaurea. 
SUL'TAN-RY, n. An eastern empire ; the dominions of a 
sultan. Bacon. 

SUL'TRI-NESB, 77. The state of being sultry. 

SUL'TRY, a. [G. schwul ; Sax. swolath, sioole.] 1. Very 
hot, burning and oppressive. 2. Very hot and moist, or 
hot, close, stagnant and unelastic. 


SUM, 77. [Fr. somme ; G. summe ; D. som ; Dan. sum ; Sw., 
L. siimma.] 1. The aggregate of two or more numbers, 
magnitudes, quantities or particulars ; the amount or 
whole of any number of individuals or particulars added. 
2. A quantity of money or currency ; any amount, indef- 
initely. 3. Compendium ; abridgment ; the amount ; the 
substance. 4. Height; completion. 

SUM, 77. t. 1. To add particulars into one whole; to collect 
two or more particular numbers into one number ; to cast 
up. 2. To bring or collect into a small compass ; to com- 
prise in a few words ; to condense. — 3. In falconry, to 
have feathers full grown ; [ 77777757701 .] 

Su'MAC, I 77. (shu'mak) [Fr. sumach; G. sumach; D. 

SU'MACH, \ sumak.] A planter shrub of the genus rhu-s, 
of many species. 

SUM'LESS, a. Not to be computed ; of which the amount 
cannot be ascertained. Pope. 

SUM'MA-RI-LY, adv. 1. In a summary manner; briefly; 
concisely; in a narrow compass or in few words. 2. In 
a short way or method. Ayliffe. 

SUM'MA-RY, a. [Fr. somznaire.] Reduced into a narrow 
compass, or into few words ; short ; brief ; concise ; com- 
pendious. 

SUM'MA-RY, 77. An abridged account; an abstract, abridg- 
ment or compendium, containing the sum or substance of 
a fuller account. 

SUMMED, pp. Collected into a total amount. 

SUM'MER, 77. One who casts up an account. Sherwood. 

SUM'MER, 77. [Sax. suiner, sumor ; G., Dan. sommer ; D. 
zonier ; S>w. sominar.] With us, the season of the year 
comprehended in the months June, July and August; 
during w'hich time the sun, being north of the equator, 
shines more directly upon this part of the earth, which, 
together with the increased length of the days, rendejis 
this the hottest period of the year. 

SUM'MER, V. i. To pass the summer or warm season. 

SUM'MER, V. t. To keep warm. [Little used.] Shak. 

SUM'MER, 77. [Fr. sommier.] 1. A large stone, the first 
that is laid over columns and pilasters, beginning to make 
a cross vault. 2. A large timber supported on two stone 
piers or posts, serving as a lintel to a door or window^, &c. 
Cyc. 3. A large timber or beam laid as a central floor- 
timber, inserted into the girders, and receiving the ends 
of the joists jind supporting them. 

SUM'MER-CoLT, n. The undulating state of the air near 
the surface of the ground when heated. 

SUM'MER-CY'PRESS, 77. A plant. 

SUM'MER-FAL'LoW, 77. Naked fallow; land lying bare 
of crops in summer. 

SUM'MER-FAL'LoW, 77. Z. To plough and work repeat- 
edly in summer, to prepare for wheat or other crop. 

SUM'MER-HOUSE, n. 1. A house or apartment in a garden 
to be used in summer. Pope. Watts. 2. A house for sum- 
mer’s residence. 

SUM'MER-SET, 7 ?. [corruption of Fr. so776rcs7X77Z.] A high 
leap in which the heels are thrown over the head. 

SUM'MER-WHeAT, 71. Spring wheat. 

SUM'MING, ^p7-. of sum. Adding together. 

SUM'MIST, 77. One that forms an abridgment. [L. m.] 

SUM'MIT, 77. [L. summitas, from 5777/77/7775.] 1. The top ; 

the highest point. 2. The highest point or degree ; ut- 
most elevation. 

I SUM'MI-T Y, 77. 1. The height or top of any thing. Swift. 
2. The utmost degree ; perfection. Hallywell. 

SUM'MON, V. t. [L. submoneo ; Fr. sommer.] 1. To call, 
cite or notify by authority to appear at a place specified, 
or to attend in person to some public duty, or both. 2. To 
give notice to a person to appear in court and defend. 3. 
To call or command. 4. To call up; to excite into action 
or exertion ; wuth up. 

SUM'MONED, pp. Admonished or warned by authority 
to appear or attend to something ; called or cited by au- 
thority. 

SUM'MON-ER, 77. One who summons or cites. 

SUM'MON-ING, ppr. Citing by authority. 

SUM'MONS, 77. with a plural termination, but used in the 
singular number ; as, a summons is prepared. [L. submo- 
neas.] 1. A call by authority or the command of a su- 
perior to appear at a place named, or to attend to some 
public duty. — 2. In law, a warning or citation to appear 
in court. 

SU-MOOM',77. a pestilential wind of Persia. See Simoom. 

SUMP, 77. 1 . In metallurgy, a round pit of stone, lined with 
clay, for receiving the metal on its first fusion. 2. A pond 
of water reserved for salt-works. 3. A marsh ; a swamp ; 
a bog. Brackett. — 4. In mining, a pit sunk below the bot- 
tom of the mine. 

SUMP'TER, 77. [Fr. sommier; It. somaro.] A horse that 
carries clothes or furniture ; a baggage-horse. Shak. 

t SUMP'TION, 77. [L. sumo, sumptus.] A taking. 

SUMPT'U-i\-RY, a. [h. su7nptuarm$ ; Fr. sojnptuaire.] Re- 
lating to expense. — Sumptuary law’s are such as limit the 
expenses of citizens in apparel, food, &c. 

t SUMPT-U-OS'I-TY, 77. Expensiveness ; costliness. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, O, D, V, lorig.—FAB, FALL, WHAT PRCY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


SUP 


809 


SUMPT'U-OUS, ff. [li, sumptuosus i It. swniuo^o.] Costly; 
expensive ; hence, splendid ; magnificent. 

SUMPT'U-OLTS-LY, ado. Expensively ; splendidly. Swift. 

SUMPT'U-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Costliness ; expensiveness. 
Boyle. 2. Splendor ; magnificence. 

SUN, n. [Sax. sunna ; Goth, sunno j G. sonne ,• D. zon.] 1. 
The splendid orb or luminary which, being in or near the 
centre-of our system of worlds, gives light and heat to all 
the plaiiets. — 2. In popular usa^e, a sunny place ; a place 
where the beams of the sun fall. 3. Any thing eminently 
splendid or luminous ; that which is the chief source of 
light or honor. — 4. In Scripture^ Christ is called the Sun of 
righteousness, as the source of light, animation and com- 
fort to his disciples. 5. The luminary or orb which con- 
stitutes the centre of any system of worlds. — Under the 
sun^ in the world ; on earth ; a proverbial expression. 

SUN, V. t. To expose to the sun’s rays ; to warm or dry in 
the light of the sun ; to insolate. Dryden. 

SUN'BeAM, n. [5M71 and beam.'] A ray of the sun. 

SUN'BiiAT, a. [sun and beat.] Struck by the sun’s rays ; 
shone brightly on. Dryden. 

SUN'-BRIGHT, a. [smu and bright.] Bright as the sun ; 
like the sun in brightness. Milton. 

SUN'-BURN, V. t. To discolor or scorch by the sun. Oaudcn. 

SUN'-BURN-ING, n. The burning or tan occasioned by the 
rays of the sun on the skin. Boyle. 

SUN'BURNT, a. 1. Discolored by the heat or rays of the 
sun ; tanned ; darkened in hue. Dryden. 2. Scorched by 
the sun’s rays. 

SUN'CLAD, a. Clad in radiance or brightness. 

SUN'DAY, n. [Sax. sunna-deeg j G.sonntag; D. zondag ; 
Dan. sdndag ; Sw. sundag ; so called because this day 
was anciently dedicated to the sun, or to its worship.] 
The Christian Sabbath ; the first day of the week. 

SUN'DER, V. t.^[Sax. sundrian, syndrian ; G. sondern ; Dan. 
s'dnder ; Sw. sondra.] 1. To part ; to separate ; to divide ; 
to disunite in almost any manner, either by rending, cut- 
ting or breaking. 2. To expose to the sun; [provincial 
in England.] 

SUN'DER, n. In sunder^ in two. Ps. xlvi. 

SUN'DERED, pp. Separated ; divided ; parted. 

SUN'DER-ING, ppr. Parting ; separating. 

SUN'-DEW, n. A plant of the genus drosera. Lee. 

SUN'-Dl-AL, n. An instrument to show the time of day, 
by means of the shadow of a style on a plate. 

SUN'DOWN, n. Sunset. W. Irving, [.d word often used in 
the United States.] 

SUN'-DRIED, a. [sttn and dry.] Dried in the rays of the 
sun. 

BUN'DRY, a. |^ax. sunder.] Several ; divers ; more than 
one or two. Dryden. 

SUN'EISH, 77. [sun and Jish.] 1. A name of the diodoUy a 
genus of fishes. 2. The basking shark. 

SUN'FLOW-ER, n. [s7m and flower.] A plant ; so called 
from its habit of turning to the sun. 

SUNG, pret. and pp. of sing. Pope. 

SUNK, pret. and pp. of smk. Prior. 

SUN'LESS, a. Destitute of the sun or its rays ; shaded. 

SUN'LTGHT, n. The light of the sun. Milton. 

SUN'LIKE, a. [sa7i and like.] Resembling the sun. 

SUN'NY, a. 1. Like the sun ; bright. 2. Proceeding from 
the sun. Spenser. 3. Exposed to the rays of the sun ; 
warmed by the direct ray's of the sun. 4. Colored by the 
sun. 

BUN'PROOF, a. Impervious to the rays of the sun. 

SUN'RISE, )n. [sun and 7'isc.] 1. The first appearance 

SUN'RT?-ING, i of the sun above the horizon ui the 
morning ; or the time of such appearance. 2. The east. 

SUN'BET, ) n. [57471 and set.] The descent of the sun 

SUN'SET-TING, \ below the horizon ; or the time when 
the sun sets ; evening. 

SUN'SHiNE, 71 . [5U/1 and 5/7771C.] 1. The light of the sun, 
or the place where it shines ; the direct rays of the sun, 
or the place where they fall. 2. A place warmed and il- 
luminated ; warmth ; illumination. 

SUN'SHINE, ) a. 1. Bright with the rays of the sun ; clear, 

6UN'SHIN-Y, [ warmer pleasant. 2. Bright like the sun. 

6UP, v.t. [Sax. supan ; D.zuipen; Fr. souper.] To take 
into the mouth with the lips, as a liquid ; to take or drink 
by a little at a time ; to sip. 

SUP, V. i. To eat the evening meal. Tohit. 

fSUP, V. t. To treat with supper. Shak. 

SUP, 77. A small mouthful, as of liquor or broth; a little 
taken with the lips ; a sip. 

SU'PER, a Latin preposition, Gr. vrrrp, signifies above, over, 
excess. It is much used in composition. 

SC'PER-A-BLE, a. [L. sitperabilis.] That may be over- 
come or conquered. 

BC'PER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being conquerable 
or surmountable. 

SU'PER-A-BLY, adv. So as may be overcome. 

SU-PER-A-BOUND', i. [super and abound.] To be very 
abundant or exuberant ; to be more than sufficient. 


SUP 

SU-PER-A-BOUND'ING, ppr. Abounding beyond Want Of 
necessity ; abundant to excess or a great degree. 

SL-PER-A-BUND'ANCE, n. More than enough ; excessive 
abundance. Woodward. 

SU-PER-A-BUND'ANT, a. Abounding to excess : being 
more than is sufficient. Swift. 

SU-PER-A-BUND'ANT-LY, adv. More than sufficiently. 

SU-PER-A-CID'U-LA-TED, a. Acidulated to excess. 

SU-PER-ADD', v.t. [super and add.] ]. To add over and 
above ; to add to what has been added. 2. To add or an- 
nex something extrinsic. 

SU-PER-ADD'ED, pp. Added over and above. 

SU-PER-ADD'ING, ppr. Adding over and above. 

SU-PER-AD-Di"T10N, n. I. The act of adding to some- 
thing. 2. That which is added. 

SU-PER-AD-VK'NI-ENT, a. [L. superadveniens.] 1. Com- 
ing upon ; coming to tln^increase or assistance of some- 
thing. More. 2. Coming unexpectedly ; [little used.] 

SU-PER-AN-GEL'1€, a. Superior in natuiie to the angels. 

SU-PER-AN'NU-ATE, v.t. [L. 5wpcr and 0 / 777775 , a year.] 
To impair or disqualify by old age and infirmity. 

t SU-PER-AN'NU-ATE, v. i. To last beyond the year. 

SU-PER-AN'NU-A-TED, pp. Impaired by old age. 

SU-PER-AN-NU-a'TION, 77 . The state of being too old 
for office or business, or of being disqualified by old age. 

SU-PERB', a. [Fx.superbe; h. superbus.] 1. Grand; mag- 
nificent. 2. Rich ; elegant. 3. Showy ; pompous. 4. 
Rich; splendid. 5. August; stately. 

SU-PERB'-LIL-Y, 77 . A flower. 

SU-PERB'LY, adv. In a magnificent or splendid manner ; 
richly ; elegantly. 

SU-PER-CAR'GO, n. An officer or person in a merchant’s 
ship, whose business is to manage the sales and superin- 
tend all the commercial concerns of the voyage. 

SU-PER-CE-LES'TIAL, a. [57tpcr and celestial.] Situated 
above the firmament or great vault of heaven. 

SU-PER-CHER'Y, 71 [An old word of French original.] 
Deceit ; cheating. 

SU-PER-CIL'IA-RY, a. [L. super and cilhim.] Situated or 
being above the eyebrow. jIs. Res. 

SU-PER-CIL'I-OUS, a. [L. superciliosus.] 1. Lofty with 
pride ; haughty ; dictatorial ; overbearing. 2. Manifest- 
ing haughtiness, or proceeding from it ; overbearing. 

SU-PER-CIL'I-OUS-LY, adv. Haughtily ; dogmatically ; 
with an air of contempt. Clarendon. 

SU-PER-CIL'I-OUS-NESS, n. Haughtiness ; an overbearing 
temper or manner. 

SU-PER-CON-CEP'TION, n. [super and conceptio7i.] A 
conception after a former conception. Brown 

t SU-PER-€ON‘SE-Q,UENCE, n. Remote consequence. 

SU-PER-CRES'CENCE, n. ^L. super and crescens.] That 
which grows upon another growing thing. Brown. 

SU-PER-€RES'CENT, a. Growing on some other growing 
thing. Johnson. 

SU-PER-EM'l-NENCE, ) n. [L. super and emineo.] Emi- 

SU-PER-EM'I-NEN-CY, \ nence superior to what is com- 
mon ; distinguished eminence. 

SU-PER-EM'l-NENT, a. Eminent in a superior degree ; 
surpassing othei's in excellence. 

SU-PER-EM'I-NENT-LY, adv. In a superior degree of ex- 
cellence ; with unusual distinction. 

SU-PER-ER'O-GANT, a. Supererogatory, which see. 

SU-PER-ER'O-GATE, v. i. [L. super and erogatio, erogo.] 
To do more than duty requires. [L. 7/.] Glanville. 

SU-PER-ER-O-Ga'TION, n. Performance of more than 
duty requires. Tillntson. 

SU-PER-E-ROG'A-TIVE, a. Supererogatory. [L.u.] Staf- 
ford. 

* SU-PER-E-ROG'A-TO-RY, a. Performed to an extent not 
enjoined or not required by duty. Howell. 

SU-PER-ES SEN'TIAL, a. [super and essential.] Essen- 
tial above others, or above the constitution of a thing. 

SU-PER-EX-ALT', V. t. To exalt to a superior degree. 

SU-PER-EX-AL-TA'TION, n. [super and exaltation.] Ele- 
vation above the common degree. Holiday. 

SU-PER-EX'CEL-LENCE, n. Superior excellence. 

SU-PER-EX'CEL-LENT, a. Excellent in an uncommon 
degree ; very excellent. Decay of Piety. 

SU-PER-EX-€RES'CENCE, n. Scmetliing superfluously 
growing. Wiseman. 

SU-PER-FE-€UND'I-TY, n. Superabundant fecundity or 
multiplication of the species. Paley. 

SU-PER-Ff.'TATE, u. 7. [L. 577per and/<itM5.] To conceive 
after a prior conception. Grew. 

SU-PER-FE-Ta'TION, 77 . A second conception after a prior 
one, and before the birth of the first, by whicli two fetuses 
are growing at once in the same matrix. 

SU'PER-FETE, v. i. To superfetate. [L. t/.] Howell. 

Su'PER-FETE, v. t. To conceive after a former concep- 
tion. [Little used.] Howell. 

SU'PER-FICE, 77. Superficies ; surface. [Little 775 ^ 7 ?.] 

SU-PER-FI"CIAL, a. [It. superfleiale ; Sp. superfleial ; Fr. 
superflcich] 1. Being on the surface ; not penetrating the 
substance of a thing. 2. Composing the surface or exte- 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK , D6VE ;— BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH aa SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


SUP 


810 


SUP 


part. 3. Shallow; contrived to cover something. 4. 
Shallow ; not deep or profound ; reaching or comprehend- 
ing only what is obvious or apparent. 

SU-rER-FI-Cl-AL'l-TY,n. The quality of being superficial. 
[JVbi much 'u.sed.^ Brown, 

SU-PER-I''i"ClAL-LY, adv. 1. On the surface only. 2. 
On tile surface or exterior part only ; without penetrating 
the substance or essence. 3. Without going deep or 
searching things to the bottom ; slightly. 

SU-PER-Fl^'ClAL-NESS, n. 1. Shallowness ; position on 
the surface. 2. Slight knowledge ; shallowness of obser- 
vation or learning ; show without substance. 

SCJ-PER-Fl'^ClES, n. [L. from super and facies.'] The sur- 
face ; the exterior part of a thing. — A superficies consists 
of length mid breadth. 

=''SuT’ER-FiiME, G. [super and fine.] Very fine or most fine; 
surpassing others in fineness. 

SE-PER'FEU-ENCE, n. [L. super andj??io.] Superfluity ; 
more than is necessary. [L ’lttle used.] Hammond. 

SU-PER-FLU'l-TANCE, 7/. [L. super fiuito.] The act 
of floating above or on the surface. [Little used.] Brown. 

SU-PER-FLtjT-TANT, a. Floating above or on the surface. 
[Little used.] Brown. 

SE-PER-FLfj'I-TY, 71. [Yr. super finite ; It. sup erfiuitd ; L. 
superfiaUas.] 1. Superabundance ; a greater quantity than 
is wanted. 2. Something that is beyond what is wanted ; 
something rendered unnecessary by its abundance. 

SU-PER'FLU-OUS, a. [L. supcrfiuus.] 1. More than is 
wanted ; rendered unnecessary by superabundance. 2. 
More than sulficient; unnecessary; useless; as, a com- 
position abounding with superfluous words. 

SU-PER'FLU-OUS-LY, adv. With excess ; in a degree be- 
yond what is necessary. 

SU-PER'FLU-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being superflu- 
ous or beyond what is wanted. 

SO'FER-FLUX, 71. [L. super and fluxus.] That which is 
more than is wanted. [Little 'iised.] Shale. 

I SU-PER-FO-LI-a'TION, 71. Excess of foliation. 

SU-PER-Hu'MAN, a. [super and human.] Above or be- 
yond what is human , divine. 

SU-PER-lM-PoSE', V. t. [super and impose.] To lay or im- 
pose on something else. Xirwan. 

SU-PER-IM-PoS'EI), (su-per-iin-p6zd') pp. Laid or imposed 
on something. Humboldt. 

SU-PER-fM-PoS'ING, ppr. Laying on something else. 

SU-PER-E\I-PO-?l''TION, n. The act of laying or the state 
of being placed on something else. Kirwan. 

SU-PER-1M-PREG-Na'T 10N, 71. The act of impregnating 
upon a prior impregnation ; impregnation when previously 
impregnated. 

SU-PER-1N-€UM'BENT, a. Lying on something else. 

SG-PER-IN-DfiCE', 75. t. [super and induce.] To bring in or 
upon as an addition to something. 

SU-PER-lN-Du'CED, (su-per-in-dust^) pp. Induced or 
brought upon something. 

SU-PER-IN-Du'CING, ppr. Inducing on something else. 

EU-PER-lN-DUG'flTON, n. The act of superinducing. 

SU-PER-IN-JEG'TION, n. [super and injection.] An injec- 
tion succeeding another. Diet. 

SU-PER-IN-SPEGT', v. t. To oversee ; to superintend. 

SU-PER-IN-STI-TU'TION, n. One institution upon an- 
other. Bailey. 

eU-PER-IN-TEL-LE€T'U-AL, a. Being above intellect. 

SU-PER-IN-TEND', 75. t. [super and intend.] To have or 
exercise the charge and oversight of ; to oversee with the 
power of direction ; to take care of w'ith authority. 

{BU-PER-IN-TEND'ED, pp. Overseen ; taken care of. 

SU-PER-IN-TEND'ENCE, ) n. The act of superintending ; 

SU-PER-IN-TEND'EN-CY, ) care and oversight for the 
purpose of direction, and with authority to direct. 

SU-PER-IN-TENWENT, 71. 1. One who has the oversight 
and charge of something, with the power of direction. 2. 
An ecclesiastical superior in some reformed churches. 

SU-PER-IN-TEND'ENT, a. Overlooking others with au- 
thority. StiUins-Jlcet. 

SU-PER-IN-TEND'ING, ppr. Overseeing with the author- 
ity to direct what shall be done. 

SU-Pk'RI-OR, a. [L., Sp. ; Fr. ^upcriciir / It. superiore.] 
1. Higher; upper; more elevated in place. 2. Higher in 
rank or office ; more exalted in dignity. 3. Higher or 
greater in excellence ; surpassing others in the greatness, 
goodness or value of any quality. 4. Being beyond the 
power or influence of; too great or firm to be subdued or 
affected by. — 5. In botany, a superior flower has the recep- 
tacle of the flower above the germ. 

SU-Pe'RI-OR, 71. 1. One who is more advanced in age. 2. 
One who is more elevated in rank or office. 3. One w'ho 
surpasses others in dignity, excellence or qualities of any 
kind. 4. The chief of a monastery, convent or abbey. 

SU-PE-RI-OR'I-TY, 71. Pre-eminence ; the quality of being 
more advanced, or higher, greater or more excellent than 
another in any respect. 

t SU-PER-La'TION, 71. [L. superlatio.] Exaltation of any 
thing beyond truth or propriety. B. Jonson. 


SU-PER'LA-TIVE, a. [Fr. supcrlatif j L. superlativus.] 1. 
Highest in degree ; most eminent ; surpassing all others. 
2. Supreme. — 3. In grammar, expressing the highest or 
utmost degree. 

SU-PER'LA-TiVE, n. In graTHTTiar, the S7ipcrZatii5e degree 
of adjectives. 

SU-PER'LA-TiVE-LY, adv. 1. In a manner expressing 
the utmost degree. 2. In the highest or utmost degree. 

SU-PER'LA-TiVE-NESS, 7i. The slate of being in the 
highest degree. 

SU-PER-Lu'NAR, ) a. [L. super and luna.] Being above 

SU-PER-Lu'NA-RY, \ the moon ; not sublunary or of this 
world. Pope. 

SU-PER-MUN'DANE, a. Being above the world. 

SU-PER-NAG'U-LUM, n [super, and Germ, nagel.] Good 
liipior, of which there is not even a drop left sufficient to 
wet one’s nail. Grose. 

SU-PERN'AL, a. [L. supernus.] 1. Being in a higher place 
or region ; locally higher. 2. Relating to things above ; 
celestial ; heavenly. Milton. 

SU-PER-Na'TANT, a. [L. supernatans,supemato.] Swim- 
ming above : floating on the surface. Boyle. 

SU-PER-NA-Ta'T 10N, 71. The act of floating on the sur- 
face of a fluid. Bacon. 

SU-PER-Ny\T'lJ-RAL, a. [super and natural.] Being be- 
yond or exceeding the powers or'law^s of nature ; miracu- 
lous. 

SU-PER-NAT'U-RAL-LY, adv. In a manner exceeding the 
established course or law's of nature. 

SU-PER-N AT'U-RAL-NESS, n. The state or quality of 
being beyond the power or ordinary laws of nature. 

SU-PER-Xu'MER-A-RY, G. [Yr. super numeraire.] 1. Ex- 
ceeding the number stated or prescribed. 2. Exceeding a 
necessary, a usual or a round number. Addison. 

SU-PER-Nu'MER-A-RY, n. A person or thing beyond the 
number stated, or beyond what is necessary or usual. 

SU-PER-PAR-TI€'U-LAR, a. [super tiwd particular.] ^7ot- 
ing a ratio when the excess of the greater term is a unit. 

SU-PER-PAR'TJENT, a. Noting a ratio wlien the excess of 
the greater term is more than a unit. 

t Su'PER-PLANT, 71. [super and plant.] A plant growing 
on another plant, as the misletoe. Bacon. 

SU-PER-PLUS'AGE, n. [L. super and plus.] Thsit whicli is 
more than enoiurh ; excess. Fell. 

t SU-PER-PON'DER-ATE, v. t. To w'eigh over and above. 

SU-PER-PoSE', V. t. [super, and Fr. poser.] To lay upon, 
as one kind of rock on another. 

SH-PER-POS'ED, (su-per-pozd') pp. Laid or being upon 
something. Humboldt. 

SU-PER-PoS'lNG, ppr. Placing upon something. 

SU-PER-PO-SF'TION, 71. 1. A placing above, a lying or 
being situated above or upon something. 2. That w'hich 
is situated above or upon something else. 

Su'PER-PRaI3!E, 75. t. To praise to excess. 

SU-PER-PRO-PoR'TlON, n. Overplus of proportion. 

SU-PER-PUR-Ga'TION, 71. [super and purgatioji.] More 
pureation than is sufficient. Wiseman. 

SU-PER-RE-FLE€'TION, 77. [super and reflection.] The 
reflection of an image reflected. Bacon. 

SU-PER-RE-WARD', v. t. To reward to excess. Bacon. 
i SCT-PER-ROY'AL, G. [sMpe>* and ropG?.] Larger than royal ; 

I denoting the largest species of printing paper. 

SU-PER-Sa'LI-EN-CY, n. [L. super and iaZio.] The act of 
leaping on any thing. [Little 7/5ctZ.] Brown. 

SU-PER-Sa'LI-ENT, g. Leaping upon. 

Su'PER-SALT, n. In chemistry, a salt with an excess of 
acid, as supertartrate of potash. Cyc. 

SU-PER-SAT'U-RATE, 7*. t. [L. super and saturo.] To 
saturate to excess. Chemistry. 

SU-PER-SAT'U-RA-TED, pp. Saturated to excess. 

SU-PER-SAT'U-RA-TIXG, ppr. Saturating to excess. 

SU-PER-SAT-U-Ra'TION, n. The operation of saturating 
to excess ; or the state of being thus saturated. 

SU-PER-S€RTBE', V. t. [L. sniper and scribo.] To write or 
engrave on the top, outside or surface ; or to w'rite the 
name or address of one on the outside or cover. 

SU-PER-S€RIB'ED, (su-per-skribd') pp. Inscribed on the 
outside. 

SU-PER-S€RlBTNG, ppr. Inscribing, writing or engraving 
on the outside, or on the top. 

SU-PER-SGRIP'TION, n. 1. The act of superscribing. 2. 
That which is written or engraved on the outside. 3. An 
impression of letters on coins. Matt. xxii. 

SU-PER-SEG'U-LAR, a. [super and secular.] Being above 
the w'orld or secular things. 

SU-PER-SeDE', V. t. [L. supersedeo.] 1. To make void, 
inefficacious or useless by superior pow'er, or by coming 
in the place of ; to set aside ; to render unnecessary ; to 
suspend. 2. To come or be placed in the room of ; hence, 
to displace or render unnecessary. 

SU-PER-Se'DE-AS, 77. In laic, a w'rit of supersedeas is a 
w'rit or command to suspend the powers of an officer in 
certain cases, or to stay proceedings. 


* See Synopsis^ A, E, T, o, U, Y, long.^YliU, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


SUP 


811 


I 


SUP 


SU^PER-SeD'ED, pp. Made void ; rendered unnecessary 
or inefficacious ; displaced ; suspended. 

SU-PER-SeD'ING, ppr. Coming in the place of; setting 
aside ; rendering useless ; displacing ; suspending. 

SU-PER-SeD^URE, n. Tlie act of superseding; as, the 
of trial by jury. Hamilton^ Fed. 

■f SU-PER-SERV^ICE-A-BLE, a. and serviceable.^ 

Over-officious ; doing more than is required or desired. 
Shak. 

SU-PER-STl^'TIOIM, n, [Fr.; L. superstitio.'\ 1. Excessive 
exactness or rigor in religious opinions or practice ; ex- 
cess or extravagance in religion ; the doing of tilings not 
required by God, or abstaining from things not forbidden; 
or the belief of what is absurd, or belief without evidence. 

2. False religion ; false worship. 3. Rite or practice pro- 
ceeding from excess of scruples in religion. 4. Excessive 
nicety ; scrupulous exactness. 5. Belief in the direct 
agency of superior powers in certain extraordinary or 
singular events, or in omens and prognostics. 

SU-PER-STi^'TION-IST, n. One addicted to superstition. 

SU-PER-STI' TIOUS, a. [Fr. superstitieux ; L. supersti- 
tiosiis.] 1. Over-scrupulous and rigid in religious obser- 
vances; addicted to superstition ; full of idle fancies and 
scruples in regard to religion. 2. Proceeding from super- 
stition ; manifesting superstition. 3. Over-exact ; scrupu- 
lous beyond need. 

SU-PER-STi"T10(JS-LY, adv. 1. In a superstitious man- 
ner. 2. With too much care ; with excessive exactness 
or scruple. 3. With extreme credulity in regard to the 
agency of suiierior beings in extraordinary events. 

SU-PER-STl"TIOUS-NESS, n. Superstition. 

SU-PER-STRa1N', V. t. To overstrain or stretch. [Little 
used.] Bacon. 

SU-PER-STRa'TUM, n. [super and stratum.] A stratum 
or layer above another, or resting on something else. 

SU-PER-STRUOT', V. t. [L. superstruo.] To build upon ; 
to erect. [Little xLsed.] Decay of Piety. 

SU-PER-STRU€'T10N, n. An edifice erected on some- 
thing. 

SU-PER-STRU€T'IVE, a. Built on something else. 

SU-PER-STRUGT'URE, n. 1. Any structure or edifice 
built on something else; particularly^ the building raised 
oil a foundation. 2. Any thing erected on a foundation or 
t) usis 

SU-PER-SUB-STAN'TIAL, a. [super and substantial.] 
More than substantial ; being more than substance. Cyc. 

SU-PER-SUB'TLB, (su-per-suthl) a. Over-subtle. Shak. 

SU-PER-SUL'PHATE, n. Sulphate with an excess of acid. 

SU-PER-SULTHU-RET-ED, a. Combined with an excess 
of sulphur, jli/dn. 

SU-PER-TER-ReNE', a. [super and tei’rene.] Being above 
ground, or above the earth. Hill. 

SU-PER-TER-RES'TRI-AL, a. Being above the earth, or 
above what belongs to the earth. Buckminster. 

SU-PER-T0N'I€, n. In musicj the note next above the 
key-note. Busby. 

SU-PER-TRAGT-CAL, a. Tragical to excess. Warton. 

SIJ-PER-VA-€a'NE-OLJS, a. [L. supervacaneus.] Super- 
fluous ; unnecessary ; needless ; serving no purpose. 

SU-PER-VA-€A'NE-0US-LY, adv. Needlessly. 

SU-PER-VA-€a'NE-OUS-NESS, n. Needlessness. Bailey. 

SU-PER-VeNE', V. i. [L. supervenio.] 1. To come upon as 
something extraneous. 2. To come upon ; to happen to. 

SU-PER-Ve^NI-ENT, a. Coming upon as something addi- 
tional or extraneous. Hammond. 

SU-PER-VEN'TION, n. The act of supervening. 

SLJ-PER-Vi'SAL, \ n. The act of overseeing ; inspection ; 

SU-PER-Vl'''SION, j superintendence. 

t SU-PER-yiSE', n. Inspection. Shak. 

SU-PER-VlSE^, V. t. [L. super and visas.] To oversee; to 
superintend ; to inspect. 

SC-PER-VT'SED, (su-per-vizd') pp. Inspected. 

SLJ-PER-VIS'ING, ppr. Overseeing; inspecting. 

EU-PER-VI'SOR, n. An overseer ; an inspector ; a super- 
intendenC Dryden. 

SU-PER-ViVE', V. t. [L. super and vivo.] To live beyond ; 
to outlive. [Little iised.] See Survive. 

SU-I*TNa'TION, n. [L. supino.] 1. The act of lying or 
sta^T»f being laid with the face upward. 2. The act of 
turning the palm of the hand upwards. 

SU-PI-Na'TOR, n. In anatomy, a muscle that turns the 
jialm of the hand upward. 

SU-PINE', a. [L. supinus.] 1. Lying on the back, or with 
the face upward; opposed to prone. 2. Leaning back- 
ward ; or inclining with exposure to the sun. 3. Negli- 
gent ; heedless ; indolent ; thoughtless ; inattentive. 

Su'PINE, n. [L. supinum.] In grammar, a word formed 
from a verb, or a modification of a verb. 

SU-PlNE'LY, adv. 1. With the face upward. 2. Careless- 
ly ; indolently ; drowsily ; in a heedless, thoughtless state. 

SU-PINE'NESS, w. 1. A lying with the face upward. 2. 
Indolence ; drowsiness ; heedlessness. 

■f SU-PINT-TY, for supineness. ^ 

fSUPTAGE, 71. What may be supped ; pottage. Hooker. 


I SUP-PAL-Pa'TION, n. [L. suppalpor.] The act of 
ticing by soft words. Hall. 

t SUP-PAR-AiS-I-TA'TION, n. [L. supparasitor.] The act 
of flattering merely to gain favor. Hall. 

SUP-PAR'A-fc?ITE, V. t. [L. supparasitor.] To flatter; to 
cajole. Dr. Clarke. 

SUP-PE-Da'NE-OUP, a. [L, sub andpe^.l Being under the 
feet. Broicn. 

I SUP-PED'I-TATE, 77. t. [Tj, suppedito.] To supply. 

SUP-PED-I-Ta'TION, n. [L. suppeditatio.] iSupply ; aid 
afforded. [Little %ised.] Bacon. 

SUPTER, n. [Fr. souper.] The evening meal. 

SUPTER-LESS, a. Wanting supper; being without sup- 
per. « 

SUP-PLANT^, 77. t. [Fr. supplanter ; L. supplanto.] 1. To 
trip up the heels. 2. To remove or displace by stratagem ; 
or to displace and take the place of. 3. To overthrow ; to 
undermine. 

SUP-PLAN-Ta'TION, n The act of supplanting. 

SUP-PLANT'ED, pp. Tripped up; displaced. 

SUP-PLANT'ER, n. One that supplants. 

SUP-PLANTflNG, ppr. Displacing by artifice. 

SUPTLE, a. [Fr. souple.] 1. Pliant ; flexible; easily bent ; 
as, supple joints. 2. Yielding ; compliant ; not obstinate. 

3. Bending to the humor of others; flattering; fawning. 

4. Tliat makes pliant. Shak. 

SUBTLE, 77. t. 1. To make soft and pliant ; to render flex- 
ible. 2. To make compliant. 

SUBTLE, 77. i. To become soft and pliant. Dryden. 

SUPTLED, pp. Made soft and pliant; made compliant. 

SUPTLE-LY, ado. Softly ; pliantly ; mildly. Cotgrane. 

SUPTLE-MENT, 77. [Fr.; L. supplementum.] 1. An addi- 
tion to any thing by which its defects are supjilied, and it 
is made more full and complete. 2. Store ; supply ; [o6s.] 
— 3. In trigonomviry, the quantity by which an arc or an 
angle falls short of 160 degrees or a semicircle. 

SUP-PLe-MENT<AL, I a. Additional ; added to supply 

SUP-PLe-MENT'A-RY, \ what is wanted. 

SUPTLE-NESS, n. 1. Pliancy; pliableness; flexibility; 
the quality of being easily bent. 2. Readiness of compli- 
ance ; the quality of easily yielding ; facility. 

SUPTLe-TO-RY, a. [from L. suppleo.] Supplying defi- 
ciencies. Blackstone. 

SUPTLe-TO-RY, 77. That which is to supply what is 
wanted. Hammond. 

t SUP-PLI'AL, 77. The act of supplying. JVarburton. 

|SUP-PLl^ANCE, 77. Continuance. Shak. 

SUPTLI-ANT, a. [Fr.] 1. Entreating ; beseeching ; sup- 
plicating; asking earnestly and submissively. 2. Mani- 
festing entreaty ; expressive of humble supplication. 

SUPTLI-ANT, 77. A liumble petitioner ; one who entreats 
submissively. Dryden. 

SUPTLI-ANT-LY, adv. In a suppliant or submissive man- 
ner. 

SUPTLI-UANT, a. [L. supplicans.] Entreating; asking 
submissively. Bp. Bull. 

SUP PLLUANT, 77. One that entreats ; a petitioner who 
asks earnestly and submissively. Rogers. 

SUPTLI-UATE, 77. f. [L. supplico.] 1. To entreat for; to 
seek by earnest prayer. 2. To address in prayer. 

SUPTLI-UATE, 77. i. To entreat ; to beseech ; to implore ; 
to petition with earnestness and submission. 

SUP-PL[-€a'TION, 77. [Fr.; h. supplicatio.] 1. Entreaty; 
humble and earnest prayer in worship. 2. Petition ; 
earnest request. — 3. In Roman antiquity, a religious so- 
lemnity observed in consequence of some military sue- 

C0SS. 

SUPTLI-UA-TO-RY, a. Containing supplication ; hum- 
ble ; submissive. Johnson. 

SUP-PLPED, (sup-pllde') pp. [from supply.] Fully furnish- ^ 
ed ; having a sufficiency. 

SUP-PLLER, 77, He that supplies. 

SUP-PLY', V. t. [L. suppleo ; Fr. suppleer ; Sp. svplir ; 
It. supplire.] 1. To fill up, as any deficiency happens ; to 
furnish what is wanted ; to afford or furnish a sufficiency. 
2. To serve instead of. 3. To give ; to bring or furnish. 
4. To fill vacant room. 5. To fill. — 6. In general, to fur- 
nish ; to give or afford what is wanted. 

SUP-PLY', 77. Sufficiency for wants given or furnished. 

SUP-PLY'ING, ppr. Yielding or furnishing what is wanted ; 
affording a sufficiency. 

t SUP-PLY'MENT, 77. A furnishing. Shak. 

SUP-PoRT', 77 . t. [Fr. supporter ; It. sopportare ,* L. sup- 
porto.] 1. To bear ; to sustain ; to uphold. 2. To endure 
without being overcome. 3. To bear ; to endure. 4. To 
sustain ; to keep from fainting or sinking. 5. To sustain ; 
to act or represent well. 6. To bear ; to supply funds for 
or the means of continuing. 7. To sustain ; to carry on. 
8. To maintain with provisions and the necessary means 
of living. 9. To maintain ; to sustain ; to keep from 
failing. 10. To sustain without change or dissolution. 
11. To bear ; to keep fiom sinking. 12. To bear without 
being exhausted ; to be able to pay. 13. To sustain; to 
maintain. 14. To maintain ; to verify ; to make good ; to 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DOVE BTILL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; ClI as SII ; TII as in this, f Obsolete 


SUP 


81^ 


SUE 


eubstAntiate* 15 * To uphold by aid or countenance. 1 C. 
To vindicate j to maintain ; to defend successfully. 

feUP-Pf)ltT', n. 1 . The act or operation of upholding or sus- 
taining. 2 . That which upholds, sustains or keeps from 
falling, as a prop, a pillar, a foundation of any kind. 3 . 
That which maintains life. 4 . Maintenance ; subsist- 
ence. 5 . Maintenance ; an upholding ; continuance in 
any state, or preservation from falling, sinking or failing. 
— 6. In general^ the maintenance or sustaining of any 
thing without suffering it to fail, decline or languish. 7 . 
That which upholds or relieves j aid j help 3 succor j as- 
sistance. 

SUP-PollT'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] 1 . That may be upheld or sus- 
tained. 2 . That may ne borne or enunred. 3 . Tolemble ; 
that may be borne without resistance or punishment. 4 . 
That can be maintained. 

SUP-PoflT'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being tolerable. 

t SUP-PoRT'ANCE, 7t. Maintenance j support. 

t SUP-PORT-a'TION, 71 . Maintenance ; support. 

SUP-PoRT'ED, pp. Borne ; endured 3 upheld 3 maintained 3 
subsisted 5 sustained 3 ca.iied on. 

BUP-PoRT'ER, 71 . 1 . One that supports or maintains. 2 . 
That which supports or upholds 3 a prop, a pillar, &c. 3 . 
A sustainer 3 a comforter. 4 . Amaintainer3 a defender. 
5 . One who maintains or helps to carry on. 6. An advo- 
cate 3 a defender 3 a vindicator. 7 . An adherent 3 one 
who takes part.—*8. In ship-building, a knee placed under 
the cat-head. — 9 . Supporters, in heraldry, are figures of 
beasts that appear to support the arms. Johnson. 

f SUP-PoRT'FUL, a. Abounding with support. 

BlJP-PoRT'INO, ppr. Bearing 3 enduring 3 upholding 3 
sustaining 3 maintaining 3 subsisting 3 vindicating. 

SUP-PoRT'LESS, a. Having no support. 

t SUP-PoRT'MENT, n. Support. Wotton. 

SUP-Po'SA-BLE, a. [from suppose.'] That may be suppo- 
sed 3 that may be imagined to exist. 

I SCJP-Po'SAL, n. [from suppose.] Position without proof 3 
the imagining of something to exist 3 supposition. 

BUP-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. supposer ; L. suppositus.] 1 . To lay 
down or state as a proposition or fact that may exist or be 
true, though not known or believed to be true or to exist 3 
or to imagine or admit to exist, for the sake of argument 
or illustration. 2 . To imagine 3 to believe 3 to receive as 
true. 3 . To imagine 3 to think. 4 . To require to exist or 
be true. 5 . To put one thing by fraud in the place of 
another 3 [o6a\] 

t SUP-PoSE^, 71 . Supposition 5 position without proof. 

BUP-PoS'ED, (sup-pozd') pp. Laid down or imagined as 
true 5 imagined 3 believed 3 received as true. 

SUP-PdS'ER, n. One who supposes. Shak. 

SUP-PoS*LVG, ppr. Laying down or imagining to exist or 
he true 5 imagining 3 receiving as true. 

SUP-PO-SI 'TION, 7i. 1 . The act of laying down, imagin- 
ing or admitting as true or existing, what is known not 
to be true, or what is not proved. 2 . The position of 
something known not to be tine or not proved 3 hypothe- 
sis. 3 . Imagination 3 belief without full evidence. 

SUP-PO-SI"TlON-AL, a. Hypothetical. South. 

SUP-POS-I-Ti"TIOUS, a. [L. supposititius.] Put by trick 
in the place belonging to another 3 not genuine. 

SUP-POS-I-Tl'^TlOLTS-LY, adv. By supposition. Sir T. 
TIby }) c vtf 

SUP-POS-I-Ti»TIOUS-NESS, n. The state of being sup- 
posititious. 

SUP-POS'I-TIVE, a. Supposed 3 including or implying 
supposition. Shilling worth. 

SUP-POST-TIVE, 71 . A word denoting or implying suppo- 
sition. Harris. 

SUP-POS^I-TIVE-LY, adv. With, by or upon supposition. 

SUP-POS'I-TO-RY, 71 . [Fr. suppos'itoire.] In medicine, a 
long cylindrical body introduced into the rectum to pro- 
cure stools when clysters cannot be administered. 

SUP-PRESS', 7J. t. [h. suppressus.] 1 . To overpower and 
crush 3 to subdue 3 to destroy. 2 . To keep in 3 to restrain 
from utterance or vent. 3 . To retain without disclosure 3 
to conceal 3 not to tell or reveal. 4 . To retain without 
communication or making public. 5 . To stifle 3 to stop 3 
to hinder from circulation. 6. To stop 3 to restrain 3 to 
oliftruct from discharges. 

BUP-PRESS'ED, (sup-prest') pp. Crushed 3 destroyed 3 re- 
tained; concealed 3 stopped 3 obstructed. 

SUP-PRESS'ING, ppr. Subduing 3 destroying 3 retaining 
closely 3 concealing; obstructing. 

BUP-PRES'SION, 71 . [Fr.; L. supprcssio.] 1 . The act of 
suppressing, crushing or destroying. 2 . The act of re- 
taining from utterance, vent or disclosure 3 concealment. 
3 . The retaining of any thing from public notice. 4 . The 
stoppage, obstruction or morbid retention of discharges. — 
5. In grammar or composition, omission. 

SUP-PRESS'lVE, a. Tending to suppress; subduing ; con- 
cealing. Seward. 

SUP-PRESS'OR, n. One that suppresses ; one that subdues 3 
one that prevents utterance or disclosure. 

SUP'PU-RATE, V. i. [L. suppuro.] To generate pus. 


STJP'PU-RATE, V. t. To cause to suppurate. Arhuthnot. 
SUP'P’J-RA-TING, ppr. Generating pus. 
SUP-PU-Ra'TION, 71 , [Fr. ', 1j. suppuratio.j 1 . The process 
of generating purulent matter, or of forming pus, as in a 
wound or abscess. 2 . The matter generated by suppura- 
tion. 

SUP'PU-RA-TlVE,-a. [Fr. suppuratif.] Tending to sup- 
purate 3 promoting suppuration. 

SUP'PU-RA-TIVE, n. A medicine that promotes suppura- 
tion. 

SUP-PU-Ta'TION, 71 . [L. supputatio.] Reckoning 3 ac- 
count; computation Holder, 

f SUP-PuTE', V. t. [L. supputo.] To reckon 3 to compute. 
SU'PRA, a Latin preposition, signifying above, over or be- 
yond. 

SU-PRA-AX'IL-LA-RY, a, [supra and axil.] In botany, 
growing above the axil 3 inserted above the axil. 
SU-PRA-CIL'IA-RY, a. [L, supra and cilium.] Situated 
above the eyebrow. Ure. 

SU-PRA-DE-€OM'POUND, a. [supra and decompound.] 
More than decompound 3 thrice compound. 
SU-PRA-FO-LI-a'(JEOUS, a. [L. supra and folium.] In 
botany, inserted into the stem above the leaf or petiole, or 
axil. 

SU-PRA-LAP-Sa'RT-AN, ) a. [L. su^ira and lapsus.] An- 
SU-PRA-LAP'SA-RY, ) tecedent to the apostasy of 
Adam. 

SU-PRA-LAP-Sa'RI-AN, n. One who maintains that God, 
antecedent to the fixll of man or any knowledge of it, de- 
creed the apostasy and all its consequences, determining 
to save some and condemn others, and that in all he does 
he considers his own glory only. 

SU-PRA-MUN'UANE, a. [L. supra and mundus.] Being or 
situated above the world or above our system. 
SU-PRA-ORB'I-TAL, a. [supra and orb'd.] Being above 
the orbit of the eye. 

SU-PRA-Re'NAL, a. [L. supra and ren, renes.] Situated 
above the kidneys. 

SU-PRA-SGAP' U-L A-RY, a. [L. stipra and scapula.] Be- 
ing above the scapula. 

SU-PRA-VUL'GAR, a. [sxipra and vulgar.] Being above 
the vulgar or common people. Collier. 

SU-PREM'A-CY, 71 . State of being supreme or in the 
highest station of power 3 highest authority or power. 
SU-PReME', a. [L. supremus Fr. supreme.] 1 . Highest in 
authority ; holding the highest place in government or 
power. 2 . Highest, greatest or most excellent. 3 . It is 
sometimes used in a bad sense. 

SU-PReME'LY, adv. 1 . With the highest authority. 2 . In 
the highest degree 3 to the utmost extent. 

SUR, a prefix, from the French, contracted from L. super, 
supra, signifies over, above, beyond, upon. 
f SUR-AD-Di"TION, n. [Fr. sur and add'dion.] Some- 
thing added to the name. Shak. 

Su'RAL, a. [L. sai-a.l Being in or pertaining to the calf of 
the leg 3 as the sural artery. Wiseman. 
fSu'RANCE, for assurance. Shak. 

SUR'BASE, 71. A border or molding above the base. 
SUR'BaSED, a. Having a surbase. 

SUR-BaTE', 71. t. [It. sobattere.] 1 . To bruise or batter the 
feet by travel. 2 . To harass 3 to fatigue. 

SUR-BaT'ED, pp. Bruised m the feet 3 harassed ; fatigued. 
SUR-BaT'ING, ^7/ir. Bruising the feet of; fatiguing. 
fSUR-BEAT', or SUR-BET', for surbate. 

SUR-BED', r. t. To set edgewise, as a stone ; that is, in a 
position different from that which it had in the quarry. 
SUR-CeASE', v. i. [Fr. sur and cesser.] 1 . To cease ; to 
stop 3 to be at an end. 2 . To leave off ; to practice no 
longer; to refrain finally ; [a word nearly obsolete.] Harte. 
fSUR-CF.ASE', V. t. To stop; to cause to cease. 
fSUR-CEASE', 71 . Cessation 3 stop. 

SUR-CHARGE', V. t. [Fr. surcharger.] 1 . To overload 3 to 
overburden. — 2 . In laic, to overstock 3 to put more cattle 
into a common than the person has a right to do, or more 
than the herbage will sustain. 

SUR-CHARGE, 71. An excessive load or burden 3 a load 
greater than can be well borne. Bacon. 

SUR-CHARG'ED, (sur-charjdO pp. Overloaded 3 over- 
stocked • 

SUR-CFIARG'ER, 71. One that overloads or overstocks. 
SUR-CHARG'ING, ppr. Overloading 3 burdening to excess 3 
overstocking with cattle or beasts. 

SUR'CIN-GLE, 71. [Fr. sur, and L. cingulum.] 1 . A belt, 
band or girth which passes over a saddle, or over any 
thing laid on a horse’s back, to bind it fast. 2 . The girdle 
of a c:\ssoc. 

SUR'CIN-GLED, a. Girt 3 bound with a surcingle. 
SUR'CLE, 71. [L. surculus.] A little shoot 3 a twig; a 
Slicker 

SUR'CoAT, 71. [Fr. sur, and Eng. coat.] A short coat worn 
over the other clothes. Camden. 
t SUR'CREW, 71. Additional crew or collection, 
t SUR'CU-LATE, v. t. [L. surculo.] To prune, 
t SUR-€U-La'TION, 71 . The act of pruning. Brown. 


* Sec Synopsis. S, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT j—PR^Y PIN, MARINE, BIRD t Obsolete 


SUR 


813 SUR 


SURD, a. [L. surdus.] 1. Deaf ; not having the sense of 
hearing j [o/i^.] 2. Unheard j 3. Designating a 

quantity whose root cannot be exactly expressed in num- 
bers. 

SURD, n. In aZnrg&ra, a quantity whose root cannot be ex- 
actly expressed in numbers. 

t SURD'l-TY, n. Deafness. 

SURD'-x\UM-BER, n. A number that is incommensurate 
with unity. 

SURE, (share) a. [Fr. s&r, scur ; Arm. sur; Norm, seor, 

sea/-.] 1. Certain; unfailing; infallible. 2. Certainly 

knowing, or having full confidence. 3. Certain ; safe ; 
firm; permanent. 4. Firm; stable; steady; not liable to 
tailure, loss or change. 2 xxiii. JV>A. ix. 5. Certain 
of obtaining or of retaining. 6. Strong ; secure ; not lia- 
ble to be broken or disturbed. 7. Certain ; not liable to 
failure. — Tu be sure^ or be sure, certainly. — To makesure^ 
to make certain ; to secure so that there can be no failure 
of the purpose or object. 

SURE, (share) ado. Certainly; without doubt ; doubtless. 

SURE-FOOT'ED, a. Not liable to stumble or fall. 

SuRE'LY, (share'ly) ado. 1. Certainly ; infallibly ; un- 
doubtedly. South. 2. Firmly; without danger of falling. 

SuRE'NESS, (share'nes) n. Certainty. [L. a.J Woodward. 

SORE'Tf-SHlF, (shure'te-ship) n. Tlie state of being sure- 
ty ; the obligation of a person to answer for another. 

SuRE'rV, (shurehy) ii. [Fr. saretc.] 1. Certainty; indu- 
bitableness. 2. Security ; safety. 3. Foundation of sta- 
bility ; support. 4. Evidence; ratification ; confirmation. 
5. Security against loss or damage ; security for payment. 
— 6- In Za/o, one that is bound with and for another; a 
bondsman ; a bail. 7. A hostage. 

SURF, n. 1. 'I’he swell of the sea which breaks upon the 
shore, or upon sand-banks or rocks. — 2. In agriculture, the 
bottom or conduit of a drain ; [ZocaZj 

SUR'FACE, n. [Fr. sur and face.] The exterior part of 
any thing that has length and breadth ; one of the limits 
that terminates a solid ; the superficies ; outside. 

SUR'FElT, (surlit) v. t. [Fr. sur and fair e, fait.] 1. To 
feed with meat or drink so as to oppress the stomach and 
derange the functions of the system ; to overfeed and pro- 
duce sickness or uneasiness. 2. To cloy ; to fill to satiety 
and disgust. 

SUR'FElT, V. i. To be fed till the system is oppressed, and 
sickness or uneasiness ensues. Shak. 

SUR'FElT, n. 1. Fullness and oppression of the system, 
occasioned by excessive eating and drinking. 2. Excess 
in eating and drinking. Shak. 

SUR'FEiT-ED, pp. Surcharged and oppressed with eating 
and drinking to excess ; cloyed. 

SUR'FElT-ER, n. One who riots ; a glutton. Shak. 

SUR'FEIT-ING, ppr. Oppressing the system by excessive 
eating and drinking ; cloying ; filling to disgust. 

SUR'FElT-lNG, n. The act of feeding to excess ; gluttony. 

SUR'FEIT-WA-TER, n. [surfeit and 2 oater.] Water for 
the cure of surfeits. Locke. 

SURGE, n. [L surgo, to rise.] 1. A large wave or billow ; 
a great rolling swell of water. — 2. In ship-btiilding, the 
tapered part in front of the whelps, between the chocks 
of a capstan, on which the messenger may surge. 

SURGE, V. t. To let go a portion of a rope suddenly. 

SURGE, V. i. 1. To swell ; to rise high and roll, as waves. 
Spenser. 2. To slip back ; as, the cable surges. 

SURGE'LESS, (surj'les) a. Free from surges; smooth; 
calm. 

SUR'GEON, (sur'jun) n. [contracted from c/nVurg-con.] One 
whose profession or occupation is to cure external dis- 
eases or injuries of the body by manual operation or by 
medicines. 

SUR'GER-Y, n. The act of healing external diseases and 
injuries of the body by manual operation or by medi- 
cines. 

SUR'GI-€AL, a. Pertaining to surgeons ^r surgery ; done 
by means of surgery. 

SUR'GING, ppr. y welling and rolling, as billows. 

SUR GY, a. Rising in surges or billows ; full of surges. 

Su'RI-€ATE, n. An animal like the ichneumon. 

SUR'LI-LY, ado. In a surly, morose manner. 

SUR'LI-NESS, n. Gloomy moroseness; crabbed ill-nature. 

t SUR'LING, n. A sour, morose fellow. Camden. 

SURLY, a. [VV. sir?*.] 1. Gloomily morose; crabbed; 

snarling ; sternly sour ; rough ; cross and rude. 2. Rough ; 
dark ; tempestuous. 

t SUR-llrSAL, 71. Surmise. 

SUR-MiSE', V. t. [Norm, surmys, surmitter.] To suspect ; 
to imagine without certain knowledge ; to entertain 
thoughts that something does or will exist, but upon slight 
evidence. 

SUR-MISE', n. Suspicion ; the thought or imagination that 
something may be, of which, however, there is no certain 
or strong evidence. 

SUR-MiS'ED, (sur-mizd') Suspected; imagined upon 
slightevidence. 

SUR-MIS'ER, 71. One who surmises. 


SUR-MISTNG, ppr. Suspecting ; imagining upon slight 
evidence. 

SUR-MIS'ING, 71. The act of suspecting ; surmise. 

SUR-MOUNT', V. t. [Fr. surmonter.] 1. To rise above. 
2. To conquer ; to overcome. 3. To surpass ; to exceed. 

SUR-MOUJST'A-BLE, a. That may be overcome ; super- 
al)le. 

SUR-MOUNT'ED, pp. Overcome ; conquered ; surpassed. 

SUR-MOUNT'ER, n. One that surmounts. 

SUR-MOUNT'ING, ppr. Rising above ; overcoming. 

SUR-MUL'LET, n. A fish of the genus mulias. 

SUR'MU-LOT, n. A name of the Noiway rat. 

SUR'NAME, 71. [Fr. surnom ,* It. soprannovie ,* Sp. sobre^ 
nombre ,* L. super and iiomev.] 1. An additional name ; a 
name or appellation added to the baptismal or Christian 
name, and which becomes a family name. 2. An appella- 
tion added to the original name. 

SUR-iS’AiME', V. t. [Fr. survommer.] To name or call by an 
appellation added to the original name. 

SUR-NaM'ED, (sur-namd') pp. Called by a name added to 
the Christian or original name. 

SUR-i\aM'ING, ppr. Naming by an appellation added to 
the original name. 

SUR-OX'YD, 71. [sMi* and oxT/d.l That which contains an 
addition of oxyd. [Little used.] 

SUR-OX'Y-DATE, v. t. To form a suroxyd. [Little ^iscd.] 

SUR-PASS', V. t. [Fr. siirpasse?*.] To exceed ; to excel j 
to go beyond in any thing, good or bad. 

SUR-PASS'A-BLE, a. That may be exceeded. Did. 

SUR-PASS'ED, (sur-piist') pp. Exceeded; excelled. 

SUR-PaSS'ING, ppr. 1. Exceeding ; going beyond. 2. a. 
Excellent in an eminent degree ; exceeding others. 

SUR-PAyy'lNG-LY, ado. In a very excellent manner; or 
in a degree surpassing others. 

SUR'PLICE, (sur'plis) 7i. [Fr. su77?Zis ,* Sp. sobrepelliz.] A 
white garment worn by clergymen of some denominations 
over their other dress, in their ministrations. 

SUR'PLICED, a. Wearing a surplice. Mallet. 

SUR'PLiCE-FEES, n. [stirplicg and /ecs.] Fees paid to 
the clergy for occasional duties. Warton. 

SUR'PLUy, 71 . [Fy. sur and plus ; h. plus.] 1. Overplus ; that 
which remains when use is satisfied; excess beyond what 
is prescribed or wanted. — 2. In laic, the residuum of an 
estate, after the debts and legacies are paid. 

* SUR-PLUy'AGE, 7i. 1. Surplus.— 2. In law, something in 
the pleadings or proceedings not necessary or relevant to 
the case, and which may be rejected. — 3. In accounts, a 
greater disbursement than the charge of the accountant 
amounts to. Rees. 

SUR-PRl'SAL, (sur-pri'zal) n. The act of surprising or 
coming upon suddenly and unexpectedly ; or the state of 
being taken unawares. 

SUR-PRISE', V. t. [Fr.] 1. To come or fall upon suddenly 
and unexpectedly ; to take unawares. 2. To strike with 
wonder or astonishment. 3. To confuse ; to throw the 
mind into disorder by something suddenly presented to 
the view or to the mind. 

SUR-PRISE', 71 . 1. The act of coming upon unawares, or 
of taking suddenly and without preparation. 2. Tho 
state of being taken unexpectedly. 3. An emotion ex- 
cited by something happening suddenly and unexpected- 
ly. 4.. A dish with nothing in it ; [obs.] 

SUR-PRIS'ED, (sur-prizd') pp. Come upon or taken un- 
awares ; struck with something novel or unexpected. 

SUR-PRIS'ING, ppr. 1. Falling on or taking suddenly or 
unawares ; striking with something novel. 2. a. Exciting 
surprise ; extraordinary ; of a nature to excit^ wonder 
and astonishment. 

SUR-PRIS'ING-LY, ado. In a manner or degree that ex- 
cites surprise. 

t SUR'aUED-RY, 71. [sur, and Norm. Fr. cuids'r.] Over- 
weening pride ; arrogance. Spenser. 

SUR-RE-BUT', V. i. [swr and rebut.] In legal plcadingSy 
to reply, as a plaintiff, to a defendant’s rebutter. 

SUR-RE-BUT TER, n. The plaintiff’s reply in pleading to 
a defendant’s rebutter. Blackstone. 

SUR-RE-JOIN', V. i. [smt* and rejoin.] In legal pleadings^ 
to reply, as a plaintiff to a defendant’s rejoinder. 

SUR-RE-JOIN'DER, n. The answer of a plaintiff to a de- 

11 /I o 1 1 1 »*piriiiinpr 

SUR-REN'DER, v. t. [Fr. sur and reiidre.] 1. To yield ta 
the power of another ; to give or deliver up possession 
upon compulsion or demand. 2. To yield ; to give up ; 
to resign in favor of another. 3. To give up ; to resign. — 

4. In laic, to yield an estate, as a tenant, into the hands 
of the lord for such purposes as are expressed in the act, 

5. To yield to any influence, passion or power. 

SUR-REN'DER, v. i. To yield; to give up one’s self into 

the power of another. 

SUR-REN'DER, n. 1. The act of yielding or resigning 
one’s person or the possession of something into tho 
power of another. 2. A yielding or giving up.— 3, In laic, 
the yielding of an estate by a tenant to the lord for such 
purposes as are expressed by the tenant in the act. 


* Sec Synopsis. MO VE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII j TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


SUR 


814 


sus 


fiUR-REN'DERED, pp. Yielded or delivered to tlie power 
of another ; given up ; resigned. 

SUR-REX-DER‘EE', n. In lawy a person to whom the lord 
grajits surren.dered land ; the cestuy que use. 

SL'R“KEX'DER-[XG, ppr. Yielding or giving up to the 
power of another ; resigning. 

»SER-REX'DER-OR, n. The tenant who surrenders an 
estate into the hands of his lord. Blackstone. 

SUR-REX'DRY> n. A surrender. 

SUR-REP'TION, 71. [L. surreptus.] A coming unperceiv- 
ed ; a stealing upon insensibly. [LiUle used.] 

SUR-REP-TI"TIUUS, a. surreptitius.] Done by stealth 
or without proper authority made or introduced fraudu- 
lently. 

SUR-REP-Tl' TIOUS-LY, adv. By stealth ; without au- 
thority ; fraudulently. 

SUR'RO-GATE, n. [L. surrogatus.] In a general sense, a 
deputy ; a delegate ; a substitute ; particularly, the deputy 
of an ecclesiastical judge. 

SUR'RO-GATE, v. t. To put in the place of another. 
[Little used.] 

SUR-RO-GA'TION, n. The act of substituting one person 
in the place of another. [Little used.] 

SUR-ROUND', V, t. [sur and round.] 1. To encompass; to 
environ ; to inclose on all sides. 2. To lie or be on all 
sides of. 

SUR-ROUXD'ED, pp. Encompassed; inclosed; beset. 

SUR-ROUXD'IXG, ppr. Encompassing ; inclosing. 

SUR-SOL'ID, 71. [sRr and soh'rfj or SMrtZesoZid.] In mathe- 
matics, the tifth power of a number ; or the product of the 
fourth multiplication of a number considered as the root. 

SUR-SOL'ID, a. Denoting the fifth power. — Sursulid prob- 
lem is that which cannot be resolved but by curves of a 
higher kind than the conic sections. 

SUR-TOUT', n. [Fr. sur-tout, over all.] A man’s coat to be 
worn over his other garments. 

SUR'TUR-BRAXD, n. Fibrous brown coal or bituminous 
wood, so called in Iceland. Ure. 

SUR-ViiXE', V. t. [Fr. s«7'ye7iir.J To supervene ; to come 
as an addition. [Little used.] Harvey. 

SUR-VEV', (sur-va') 75. t. [Xorm. ^urreer, suTreoir.] 1. To 
inspect or take a view of ; to view with attention, as from 
a high place. 2. To view with a scrutinizing eye ; to 
examine. 3. To examine with reference to condition, 
situation and value. 4. To measure, as land ; or to as- 
certain the contents of land by lines and angles. 5. To 
examine or ascertain the position and distances of objects 
on the shore of the sea, the depth of water, nature of the 
bottom, and whatever may be necessary to facilitate the 
navigation of the waters, and render the entrance into 
harbors, sounds and rivers east" and safe. 6. To examine 
and ascertain, as the boundaries and royalties of a manor, 
the tenure of the tenants, and the rent and value of the 
same. 7. To examine and ascertain, as the state of agri- 
culture. 

’^SUR^VEY, n. [formerly accented on the last syllable.] 
1. An attentive view ; a look or looking with care. 2. A 
particular view ; an examination of all the parts or partic- 
ulars of a thing, with a design to ascertain the condition, 
quantity or quality. — 3. In the United States, a district for 
the collection of the customs, under the inspection and 
authority of a particular officer. 

SUR-VEY'AL, n. The same as survey. Barrow. 

SUR-VEY'ED, (sur-vade ) pp. Viewed tvith attention ; ex- 
amined ; measured. 

SUR-VEYTXG, ppr. Viewing with attention; examining 
particularly ; measuring. 

SUR-VEY'IXG, 71. That branch of mathematics which 
teaches the art of measuring land. 

SUR-VEV'OR, 71. 1. An overseer; one placed to superin- 
tend others. 2. One that views and examines for the 
purpose of ascertaining the condition, quantity or quality 
of any thing. 

SUR-VEY'OR-GEN'ER-AL, n. A principal surveyor. 

SUR-VEY'OR-SHIP, n. The office of a surveyor. 

t SUR-VIEW', V. t. To survey. Spenser. 

t SUR'VIEW, n. Survey. 

\ SUR-VjSE', 75. t. [Fr. sur and viser.] To look over. B. 
Jonson. 

SUR-VI'VAL, n. A living beyond the life of another per- 
son, tjiing or event ; an outliving. 

SUR-Vi'VAXCE, 71. Survivorship. [Little used.] Hume. 

SUR-VIVE', 75. t. [Fr. survivre ; It. sopravvivere ; Sp. so- 
brevivir ; L. supervivo.] 1. To outlive ; to live beyond 
the life of another. 2. To. outlive any thing else ; to live 
beyond any event. 

SUR-VTVE', 75. i. To remain alive. Denham. 

SUR-VI VEX-CY, 71. A surviving ; survivorship. 

SUR-VTV ER, 7t. One that outlives another. See Survivor. 

SUR-VIV'IXG, ppr. 1. Outliving; living beyond the life 
of another. 2. a. Remaining alive ; yet living. 

SUll-VIV'OR, n. 1. One who outlives another. — 2. In law, 
the longer liver of two joint tenants, or of any two per- 
sons who have a joint interest in any thing. 


SUR-VIV'OR-SHIP, 71. 1. The state of outliving another^ 
— 2. In law, the right of a joint tenant, or other person 
who has a joint interest in an estate, to take the whole 
estate upon the death of the other. 

SUS-CEP-TI-BIL'I-TY, n, [from susceptible.] The quality 
of admitting or receiving either something additional, or 
some change, affection or passion. 

SUS-CEP'TI-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. suscipio.] 1. Capable of ad- 
mitting any thing additional, or any change, affection or 
influence. 2. Tender ; capable of impression ; impressi- 
ble. 3. Having nice sensibility. 

SUS-CEP'TI-BLE-NESS, n. Susceptibility, which see. 

SUS-CEP'TION, 71. The act of taking. [L. t7.] Jiyliffe. 

SUS-CEP'TIVE, a. Capable of admitting; readily admit- 
ting. 

SUS-CEP-TIVH-TY, n. Capacity of admitting. [L. 77.] 

SUS-CEP'TOR, 71. [L.] One who undertakes ; a god- 
father. 

SUS-CIP^I-EX-CY, n. Reception ; admission. 

SUS-CIP I-EXT, a. Receiving ; admitting. 

SUS-CIP'I-ENT, 77. One who takes or admits ; one that re- 
ceives. Bp. Taylor. 

SUS'CI-TATE, 75. t. [Fr. 577scitcr L. 5775C7to.] To rpuse ; 
to excite ; to call into life and action. Brown. 

SUS-CI-Ta'TIOX, 71. The act of raising or exciting. 

SUS'LIK, n. A spotted animal of the rat kind. 

SUS-PECT', 75. t. [L. stispectus.] 1. To mistrust; to im- 
agine or have a slight opinion that something exists, but 
without proof and often upon weak evidence or no evi- 
dence at all. 2. To imagine to be guilty, but upon slight 
evidence or without proof. 3. To hold to be uncertain ; 
to doubt ; to mistrust. 4. To hold to be doubtful. 5. To 
conjecture. 

SUS-PECT', 75.7*. To imagine guilt. Shale. 

SUS-PECT', a. Doubtful. [J^ot much used.] Glanville. 

t SUS-PECT', 71. Suspicion. Shale. 

SUS-PECT'A-BLE, a. That may be suspected. [L. u.] 

SUS-PECT'ED, pp. Imagined without ptoof ; mistrusted. 

SUS-PE€T'ED-LY, adv. So as to excite suspicion. 

SUS-PECT'ED-XESS, n. State of being suspected. 

SUS-PECT'ER, 71. One who suspects. 

SUS-PECT'FL'L, a. Apt to suspect or mistrust. 

SUS-PECTTXG, ppr. Imagining without evidence; mis- 
trusting upon slight grounds. 

SUS-PECT'LESS, a. 1. Not suspecting; having no sus- 
picion. Herbert. 2. Not suspected; not mistrusted. 
Beaumont. 

SUS-PEND', 75. t. [Fr. suspendre ; It. sospendere ; Sp. sus- 
pender ; L. suspendo.] 1. To hang ; to attach to some- 
thing above. 2. To make to depend on. 3. To interrupt; 
to intermit ; to cause to cease for a time. 4. To stay ; to 
delay ; to hinder from proceeding for a time. 5. To liold 
in a state undetermined. 6. To debar from any privilege, 
from the execution of an office, or from the enjoyment of 
income. 7. To cause to cease for a time from operation 
or effect. 

SUS-PEND'ED, pp. Hung up ; made to depend on; caused 
to cease for a time ; delayed ; held undetermined. 

SUS-PEND'ER, 71. 1. One that suspends. 2. Suspenders, 
plu. straps worn for holding up pantaloons, &cc. ; braces. 

SUS-PEXD'IXG, ppr. Hanging up ; making to depend on ; 
intermitting ; causing to cease for a time ; holding unde- 
termined ; debarring from action or right. 

SUS-PENSE', 77. [L. suspensus.] 1. A state of uncertainty ; 
indetermination; indecision. 2. Stop; cessation for a 
time. — 3. In law, suspension ; a temporary cessation of a 
man’s right. 

SUS-PENSE', a. Held from proceeding. [L. «.] JMilton. 

SUS-PEN-SI-BIL'I-TY, n. The capacity of being suspended 
or sustained from sinking. Kirwan. 

SUS-PEXS'I-BLE, a. Capable of being suspended or held 
from sinking. 

SUS-PEX'.SIOX, 71. [Fr. ; L. ^Tispcn^io.] 1. The act of 
hanging up, or of causing to hang by being attached to 
something above. 2. The act of making to depend on 
any thing for existence or taking place. 3. The act of 
delaying ; delay. 4. Act of withholding or balancing the 
judgment ; forbearance of determination. 5. Temporary 
cessation ; interruption. 6. Temporary privation of pow- 
ers, authority or rights : usually intended as a censure or 
punishment. 7. Prevention or interruption of operation. 
— 8. In rhetoric, a keeping of the hearer in doubt and in 
attentive expectation of what is to follow. — 9. In Scot’s 
law, a stay or postponement of execution of a sentence 
condemnatory, by means of letters of suspension granted 
on application to the lord ordinary. — 10. In mechanics, 
points of suspensio7i in a b.alance are the points in the axis 
or beam where the weights are applied, or from which 
they are suspended. — 11. In musie, every sound of a chord 
to a given base, which is continued to another base, is a 
suspension. Cyc. 

SUS-PEXS'IVE, a. Doubtiul. Beaumont. 

SUS-PENS'OR, 71. In anatomy, a bandage to suspend the 
scrotum. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, Zow^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


SWA 


815 


SWA 



SUS-PENS'O-RY, a. That suspends ; suspending. 

SUS-PENS'O-RY, n. That which suspends j a truss. 

f SUS'PI-G A-BLE, a. [L. suspicor.'\ That may be si 
ed ; liable to suspicion. More. 

SUS-PI"ClON, n. [Fr. ; L. suspicio.l The act of suspect- 
ing ; the imagination of the existence of something with- 
out proof, or upon very slight evidence, or upon no evi- 
dence at all. 

SUS-PI"CIOUS, a. [L. sit5j3icio5M5.] 1. Inclined to suspect; 
apt to imagine without proof. 2. Indicating suspicion or 
fear. 3. Liable to suspicion ; adapted to raise suspicion ; 
giving reason to imagine ill. 4. Entertaining suspicion ; 
given to suspicion. 

Sl/S-Pi"CIOL'!S-LY, adv. 1. With suspicion. 2. So as to 
excite suspicion. Sidney. 

SUS-Pi'dOUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being liable to 
suspicion, or liable to be suspectet^ 2. The quality or 
state of being apt to suspect. 

SUS-Pl'RAL, n. [L. suapiro.] 1. A breathing-hole ; a vent 
or ventiduct. 2. A spring of water passing under ground 
towards a cistern or conduit ; [local.] 

SUS-PI-Ra'TION, ji. [L. suspiratio.] The act of sighing or 
fetching a long and deep breath ; a sigh. More. 

SUS-PIRE', V. i. To sigh ; to fetch a long, deep breath ; to 
breathe. [Little used.] S/iak. 

t SUS-lTll'ED, (sus-pird') pp. or a. Wished for; desired. 

SUS-TaIX', V. t. [L. sustineo ; Fr. soutenir ; It. sostenere ; 
Sp. sostener, sustentar.] 1. To bear ; to uphold ; to sup- 
port. 2. To hold ; to keep from falling. 3. To support; 
to keep from sinking in despondence. 4. To maintain ; 
to keep alive; to support; to subsist. 5. To support in 
any condition by aid ; to assist or relieve. G. I’o bear ; 
to endure without failing or yielding. 7. To suffer; to 
bear ; to undergo. 8. To maintain ; to support ; not to 
dismiss or abate. 9. To maintain as a sufficient ground. 
— 10. In music, to continue, as the sound of notes through 
their whole length. 

f SUS-TaIN', V. That which upholds. Milton. 

SUS-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That may be sustained or main- 
tained. 

SUS-TaIX'ED, (sus-tand') pp. Borne; upheld; maintain- 
ed ; supported ; subsisted ; suffered. 

SUS-TaIN'ER, n. He or that which sustains, upholds or 
suffei^. 

SUS-TaIN'ING, ppr. Bearing; upholding; maintaining; 
suffering ; subsisting. 

SUS-TAL TIG, a. [Gr. o-uoraXrt/cos.] Mournful ; affecting ; 
an epithet s[ivcn to a species of music by the Greeks. 

SUS'TE-NA'^NCE, n. [Norm. Fr.] 1. Support; mainte- 
nance ; subsistence. 2. That which supports life ; food ; 
victuals ; provisions. 

t SGS-TEN'TA-GLE, n. [L. sustentaculum.] Support. 

SUS-TEN-Ta'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. sustentatio.] 1. Support; 
preservation from falling. 2. Use of food. 3. Mainte- 
nance ; support of life. 

SU-SUR-Ra'TION, n. [L. susurratio.] A whispering ; a 
soft murmur. 

f SUTE, n. [for 5 mRc.] Sort. Hooker. 

t Su'TILE, a. [L. sutilis.] Done by stitching. Bosicell. 

SUT'LER, n. [D. loetelaar.] A person who follows an army 
and sells to the troops provisions and liquors. 

SUT'LING, a. Belonging to sutlers ; engaged in the occu- 
pation of a sutler. Toiler. 

SUT-TEE', n. 1. In the Sanscrit, or sacred language of the 
Hindoos, a female deity. 2. A widow who immolates 
herself on the funeral pile of her husband. 3. The sacri- 
fice of burning a widow on the funeral pile of her hus- 
band. 

SUT'TLE, a. Suttle weight, in commerce, is when tret is 
allowed ; neat weight. Diet. 

t Su'TU-RA-TED, a. [L. sMtura.] Stitched or knit togeth- 
er. Smith. 

Su'TURE, n. [L. sMtMra.J 1. LitcraZZw, a sewing ; hence, 
the uniting of the parts of a wound by stitching. 2. The 
seam or joint which unites the bones of the skull ; or the 
pectiliar articulation or connection of those bones. 

SWAB, n. [Sax. swebhan, to sweep.] A mop for cleaning 
floors ; on board of ships, a large mop or bunch of old rope- 
yarn, used to clean the deck and cabin. 

SVVAB, V. t. To clean with a mop ; to wipe when wet or 
after washing. 

SWAB'BER, n. [D. iwabber.] One that uses a swab to 
clean a floor or deck ; on board of ships of war, an infe- 
rior officer, whose business is to see that the ship is kept 
clean. 

SWAD, w. 1. A pod, as of beans or peas; [local.] 2. A 
short, fat person ; [oZ>o'.] — 3. In Meto England, a lump, 
mass or bunch ; also, a crowd ; [vulgar.] 

SY/AD'DLE, V. t. [Sax. swathe, swethel ; D. zwaad ; G. 
schwaden.] 1. To swathe ; to bind, as with a bandage ; 
to bind tight with clothes used generally of infants. 2. 
To beat ; to cudgel ; [oZ/5.] 

SWAD'DLE, n. Clothes bound tight around the body. 

SWAD'DLED, pp. Swathed ; bound in tight clothes. 


Swathing ; binding in tight clothes. 

^ band or cloth wrapped 

ULIXG-GLOTH, \ round an infant. Luke ii. 

SV\ AG, V. i. [qu. fcax. sigan ; Sw. svag ; Dan. svag.] To 
sink down by its weight; to lean. Grew. 

SW AG'-BEL-LIED, a. Having a prominent, overhanging 
belly. 

t SWAGE, V. t. To ease ; to soften ; to mitigate. 

t SWAGE, V. i. To abate, Barret. 

SWAG'GER, V. i. [Sax. swegan.] To bluster ; to bully j 
to boast or brag noisily ; to be tumultuously proud. CoJ- 
lier. 

f SWAG'GER, V. t. To overbear with boasting or bluster. 
Jinnot. on Glanville. 

SWAG'GER-ER, 71. A blusterer; a bully ; a boastful, noisy 
fellow. Shak. 

SWAG'GER-ING, ppr. Blustering; boasting noisily. 

SW’AG GING, ppr. Sinking or inclining. 

SW'^AG'GY, a. Sinking, hanging or leaning by its weight. 
Brown. 

SW'aIN, n. [Sax. swein, swan; Sw. sven ; Dan. svend ; 
Ice. srein.] 1. A young man. Spenser. 2. A country 
servant employed in husbandry. Shak. 3. A pastoral 
youth. Pope. 

sVVaIN'ISH, a. Rustic. 

SW^aIxN'MOTE, SW^eIN'MOTE, or SW’AN'I-MOTE, n. 
[s7r;ain, and mote, meeting.] In England, a court, touching 
matters of the forest, held before the verderors of the for- 
est as judges, by the steward of the court, thrice every 
year ; the swains or freeholders within the forest compos- 
ing the jury. 

SWU^ir, V. i. To walk proudly ,* used in the Morth of Eng- 
land for sweep. 

SWALE, 71. [probably from vale.] 1. A local word in 
H'eic England, signifying an interval or vale ; a tract of 
low laruf. — 2. In England, a shade. 3. A flame. Grose. 

SW’ALE, V. i. To waste. See Sweal. 

SW^ALE, V. t. To dress a hog for bacon, by singeing or 
burning oft'his hair. [Local.] Cyc. 

SW’^AL'LET, 71. Among the tin-miners, water breaking in 
upon the miners at their work. Bailey. 

SW’^AL'LoW’, 71. [Sax. swalewe ; D. zicaluw ; G. schwalbe.J 
A bird of the genus hirundo, of many species. 

SWAL'LoW-FISH, n. A sea-fisfr of the genus trigla. 

SW^AL'LoW’'-FLY, n. The name of tlie chelidonius, a fly 
remarkable for its swift and long flight. Cyc. 

SWAL'LoW’^’S-TaIL, n. The same as dove-tail. 

SW^AL'LoW’’-STONE, n. Chelidonius lapis, a stone. 

S WAL'LoW-TaIL, 71. A plant, a species of wullow'. 

SW"Ai.'LoW’'-W’' 6RT, 71. A plant of the genus asclepias. 

SWAL'LoW, V. t. [Sax. swelgan, sirilgan ; D. iwelgen.] 

1. To take into the stomach ; to receive through the gallet 
or oesophagus into the stomach. 2. To absorb ; to draw 
and sink into an abyss or gulf ; to ingulf; usually follow- 
ed by up. 3. To receive or embrace, as opinions or be- 
lief, without examination or scruple ; to receive implicit- 
ly. 4. To engross ; to appropriate. 5. To occupy ; to 
employ. 6. To seize and w'aste. 7. To engross ; to en- 
gage completely. 8. To exhaust ; to consume. 

SWALLOW, 71. 1. The gullet or (esophagus; the throat. 

2. Voracity. 3. As much as is swallowed at once. 

SWAL'LoWED, pp. Taken into the stomach ; absorbed ; 

received without scruple; engrossed; wasted. 

SW’AL'LoW-ER, 71. One w'ho swallows; also, a glutton. 
Tatler. _ 

SWAL'LoW-ING, ppr. Taking into the stomach ; absorb- 
ing ; ing^ulfing ; receiving implicitly ; engrossing. 

SWAL'L6W-L\G, 71. The act of taking into the stomach 
or of absorbing ; the act of receiving implicitly ; the act 
of engrossing. 

SWAM, pret. of swim. 

SWAMP, 71. [Sax. swam ; Goth, sicamms ; G. schicamm ; D. 
zwam ; Dan. svamp.] Spungy land ; low ground filled 
with water ; soft, w’et ground. 

SWAMP, V. t. To plunge, whelm or sink in a sw’amp ; to 
plunge into difficulties inextricable. 

SWAMP'Y, a. Consisting of swamp ; likeasw’amp; low’, 
w'et and spungy ; as, swampy land. 

SWAMP'-ORE, 71. In mineralogy, tin ore of iron found in 
swamps and morasses ; called, also, bog-ore. 

SWAN, 71. [Sax. srean ; D. zicaan ; G. scliwan ; Dan. svane , 
Sw. si'an.j A large aquatic fowl of the genus anas, of two 
varieties, the w’ild and the tame. 

SWANG, n. A piece of low land or green sward, liable to 
be covered with water. [Local in England.] 

SWANS'DOWN, 71 . A fine, soft, thick w^oolen cloth. 

SWAN'SKIN, 71 . [swan and skin.] A species of flannel of a 
soft texture, thick and warm. 

SWAP, adv. [qu. siceep.] Hastily; at a snatch. [A low 
word, and local.] 

SWAP, V. t. To exchange ; to barter; to swop. See Swop. 

SWAPE, 71 . [qu. s7/?eep.] A pole supported by a fulcrum, on 
which it turns, used for raising water from a W’ell, for 
churning, dtc. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— G as K ; Gas J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


SWE 


816 

SWARD, n. [Sax. swmrdi Dan. svcer ; D. zwoord ; G . 
schioarte ; W. gweryd.] 1. The skin of bacon ; [local.] 

2. The grassy surface of land ; turf ; that part of the 
soil which is filled with the roots of grass, forming a kind 
of mat. 

SWARD, V. t. To produce sward ; to cover with sward. 
SWARD'-€UT-TER, n. An instrument for cutting sward 
across the ridges. 

SWARD'Y, a. Covered with sward or grass, 
t SW ARE, oldpret. of swear. We now use swore. 

SWA RE, or SCHWARE, n. A copi>er coin and money of 
account in Bremen, value one fifth of a groat. 

SWARM, (sworm) n. [tfax. swearvi; G. s chic arm ; D. 
zwerrn ; Dan. sverm.] 1. In a general sense^^ large num- 
ber or body of small animals or insects, particularly when 
in motion ; h\xi appropriately, Vigrevd number of honey-bees 
which emigrate from a hive at once, and seek new lodg- 
ings. 2. A swarm or multitude ; particularly, a multitude 
of people in motion. 

SWARM, V. i. [Sax. swearmian ; D. zwcrmen ; G. sehw'dr- 
meii ; Dan. svcrmer.] 1. To collect and depart from a hive 
by flight in a body, as bees. 2. To appear or collect in a 
crowd ; to run ; to throng together j to congregate in a 
multitude. 3. To* be crowded; to be thronged with a 
multitude of animals in motion. 4. To breed multitudes. 

5. To climb, as a tree, by embracing it with the arms and 
legs, and scrambling, 
t SWARM, V. t. To crowd or throng. 

SWART, or SWARTH, a. [Sax. swart, swca.rt ; Sw. 
svart ; G. schwari) D. zwart.] 1. Being of a dark hue ; 
moderately black ; tawny. 2. Gloomy ; malignant ; 
[oi.9.] 

SWART, V. t. To make tawny. Brown. 

SWARTH, or SWAlRTH, n. An apparition. 
SWARTHT-LY, adv. [from sicarthy.] Duskily; with a 
tawny hue. 

SWARTHT-NESS, n. Tawniness ; a dusky complexion, 
t SWARTIBNESS, n. Blackness; darkness. Dr. Clarke. 
SW'ARTIBY, a. 1. Being of a dark hue or dusky complex- 
ion; tawny. 2. Black. 

f SWARTIBY, V. t. To make swarthy or dusky ; to black- 
en. Coioley. 

SWARTT-NESS, n. A tawny color. Sherwood 
SWART^ISH, a. Somewhat dark or tawny. 

SWART'Y, a. Swarthy ; tawny. Burton. 
t SWARVE, V. i. To swerve. Spenser. 

SW.ASH, n. An oval figure, whose moldings are oblique to 
the axis of the work. Moxon. 

SWASFI, n. 1. A blustering noise ; a vaporing ; [oi>5.] 2. 

Impulse of water flowing with violence. 

•f SWASH, V. i. [D. zieetsen.] To bluster ; to make a great 
noise ; to vapor or brag. Shak. 

SWASH, or SWASH'Y, a. Soft, like fruit too ripe. [Local.] 
Pegge. 

t SWASH'-BU€K-LER, n. A sword-player ; a bully or brag- 
gadocio. Milton. 

tSWASH'ER, n. One who makes a blustering show of valor 
or force of arms. Shak. 

\ SWAT, or t SWATE, v. i. To sweat. Chaucer. 
t SWATCH, n. A swath. Tusser. 

SWATH, (swoth) n. [Sax. swathe ,* D. zwaad ; G. schwadcn.] 

1. A line of grass or grain cut and thrown together by the 
sythe in mowing or cradling. 2. The whole breadth or 
sweep of a sythe in mowing or cradling. Farmers. 3. A 
band or fillet. 

SWATHE, V. t. 1. To bind with a band, bandage or rollers. 

2. To bind or wrap. Abbot. 

SWAY, r. G [D. zwaaijen ; Ice. sweigia ; Sw. 1. 

To move or wave ; to wield with the hand. 2. To bias ; 
to cause to lean or incline to one side. 3. To rule ; to gov- 
ern ; to influence or direct by power and authority, or by 
moral force. 

$WAY, V. i. 1. To bt> drawn to one side by weight ; to 
lean. 2. To have weight or influence. 3. To bear rule ; 
to' govern. — 4. In seanien^s language, to hoist ; partic- 
ula:*'ly applied to the lower yards and to the topmast-yards, 

Sfc. 

SWAT, 'a. 1. The swing or sweep of a weapon. Milton. 

2. Any thing moving with bulk and power. 3. Prepon- 
dWation ; turn or cast of balance. 4. Power exerted in 
governing ; rule ; dominion ; control. 5. Influence ; 
\veight or authority that inclines to one side. 

SWaYED, pp. Wielded ; inclined to one side ; ruled ; gov- 
erned ; influenced ; biased. 

SWa\ TNG, ppr. Wielding ; causing to lean ; biasing ; 

SWaY'ING, n. Sway/ing of the back, among beasts, is a 
kind of lumbago, caused by a fall or by being overloaded. 
SWf.AL, V. i. '[Sax. srcelnn ; sometimes written sioaZc.] 

I. q^o melt and run down, as the tallow of a candle ; to 
waste away without fe»?ding the flame. 2. To blaze 
away. 

SWkAL'ING, ppr. Melting and wasting away. 

SWEAR, V. i. ; pret. swore, [formerly szcare ,•] pp. sworn. 

* Sec Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, tJ, Sjlong. — FAR, FALL, 


SWE 

[Sax. swerian, swerigan ; Goth, swaran ; D. iweeren ; (3 
schzcdren.] 1. To affirm or utter a solemn declaration, 
with an appeal to God for the truth of what is affirm- 
ed. 2. To promise upon oath. 3. I’o give evidence on 
oath. 4. To be profane ; to practice profaneness. 

SWEAR, V, t. J. To utter or affirm with a solemn appeal 
to God for the truth of the declaration. 2. I’o put to an 
oath ; to cause to take an oath. 3. To declare or charge 
upon oath. 4. I'o obtest by an oath. 

SWEAR'ER, n. 1. One who swears ; one who calls God to 
witness for the truth of his declaration. 2. A profane 
person. Shak. 

SWEARTNG, ppr. 1. Affirming upon oath. 2. Putting 
upon oath ; causing to swear. 

SWEARTNG, n. 1. The act or practice of affirming on oath. 
2. Profaneness. 

SWEAT, (swet) n. [Sax. swat', D. zweet G. schweiss ; 
Dan. sveed ; Sw. svett.] 1. I’he fluid or sensible moisture 
which issues out of the pores of the skin of an animal. 2. 
Labor ; toil ; drudgery. 3. Moisture evacuated from any 
substance. 

SWEAT, (swet) v. i. ; pret. and pp. sweat, or sweated. 
Swot is obsolete. [Sax. swcetan ,* Sw. svetta ; Dan. sveeder; 
D. zweeten ,* G. schwitzen.] 1. 'Po emit sensible moisture 
through the pores of the skin ; to perspire. 2. To toil ; to 
labor ; to drudge. 3. To emit moisture, as green plants in 
a heap. 

SWEAT, (swet) v. t. 1. To emit or suffer to flow from the 
pores; to exsude. Dryden. 2. To cause to emit moisture 
from the pores of the skin. 

SWEAT'ER, (swet'er) n. One that causes to sweat. 

SWEATT-LY, adv. So as to be moist with sweat ; in a 
sweaty state. 

SWEAT'I-NESS, n. The state of being sweaty or moist 
with sweat. 

SWEATING, ppr. 1. Emitting moisture from the pores of 
the skin ; throwing out moisture ; exsuding. 2. Causing 
to emit moisture upon the skin. 

SWEATTNG-BATH, n. A sudatory ; a bath for excit- 
ing sensible perspiration or sweat ; a hypocaust or stove. 
Cyc. 

SWEAT'ING-HOUSE, n. A house for sweating persons in 
sickness. Cyc. 

SWEx\TTNG-IR-ON, Ti. 1. A kind of knife or a piece of a 
sythe, used to scrape off sweat from horses. Cyc. 

SWEAT'ING-ROOM, n. 1. A room for sweating persons. 
— 2. In rural economy, a room for sweating cheese, and 
carrying off the superfluous juices. Cyc. 

SWE AT'ING-SIGK-NESS, n. A febrile, epidemic disease 
which prevailed in some countries of Europe, but particu- 
larly in England, in the 15th and 16th centuries. 

SWEAT'Y, (swet'ty) a. 1. Moist with sweat. 2. Consist- 
ing of sweat. 3. Laborious ; toilsome. 

SWEDE, n. 1. A native of Sweden. 2. A Swedish tur- 
nep. 

SWE DISH, a. Pertaining to Sweden. 

SWe'DISH-TUR-NEP, n. The ruta baga. 

SWEEP, V. t.; pret. and pp. swept. [Sax. szcapan, szceopan.] 
1. To brush or rub over with a brush, broom or besom, 
for removing loose dirt ; to clean by brushing. 2. To car- 
ry with a long, swinging or dragging motion ; to carry 
with pomp. 3. To drive or carry along or eft’ by a long, 
brushing stroke or force, or by flowing on the earth. 4. 
To drive, destroy or carry off many at a stroke, or with 
celerity and violence. 5. To rub over. 6. To strike 
a long stroke. 7. To draw or drag over. 

SWEEP, V. i. 1. To pass with swiftness and violence, ; 
something broad or brushing the surface of any thing, 

To pass over or brush along with celerity and force. 3. 
To pass w’ith pomp. 4. To move with a long reach. 

SWEEP, zi. 1. The act of sweeping. 2. The compass of a 
stroke. 3. The compass of any turning body or motion. 
4. The compass of any thing flowing or brushing. 5. Vi- 
olent and general destruction. 6. Direction of any mo- 
tion not rectilinear. 7. The mold of a ship when she be- 
gins to compass in, at the rung heads ; also, any part of a 
ship shaped by the segment of a circle. — 8. Among refin- 
ers of weia/5, the almond-furnace. — 9. Among sefl;«en, a 
large oar, used to assist the rudder in turning a ship in a 
calm, or to increase her velocity in a chase, &c. 

SWEEP, n. The beam supported by a post, which is used 
in raising a bucket in a well. 

SWEEP'ER, 71. One that sweeps. 

SWEEPING, ppr. Brushing over; rubbing with a broom 
or besom ; cleaning with a broom or besom ; brushing 
along ; passing over ; dragging over. 

SWEEP'INGS, n. plu. Things collected by sweeping ; rub- 
bish. 

SWEEP'-NET, n. [sweep and net.] A large net for draw- 
ing over a large compass. 

SWEEP'STAKE, 71. [sweep and stake.] A man that wins 
all ; usually, szceepstakes. Shak. 

SWEEP'Y, a. 1. Passing with speed and violence over 


WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


SWE 817 SWI 


a great compass at once. Dryden. 2. Strutting. 3. 
Wavy. 

SWEET, a. [Sax. swete ; D. zoet; G. sihs ; Sw. sot.] 1. 
Agreeable or grateful to the taste. 2. Pleasing to the 
smell; fragrant. 3. Pleasing to the ear; soft; melodi- 
ous ; harmonious. 4. Pleasing to the eye ; beautiful. 
Fresh ; not salt. 6. Not sour. 7. Mild ; soft ; gentle. 
8. Mild ; soft ; kind ; obliging. 9. Grateful ; pleasing. 
10. Making soft or excellent music. 11. Not stale. 12. 
Not turned ; not sour. 13. Not putrescent or putrid. 

SWEET, n. 1. Something pleasing or grateful to the mind. 
2. A sweet substance ; particularly, any vegetable juice 
which is added to wines to improve them. 3. A perfume. 
4. A word of endearment. 5. Cane-juice, molasses, or 
other sweet vegetable substance. 

SWEEP'-AP-PLE, 71. The annona sqziamosa. Lee. 

SWEET'-BREAD, n. The pancreas of a calf. 

SWEET'-BKI-AR, n. A shrubby plant. 

S WE ET'-BROOM, n. [sweet and broom.] A plant. 

SWEET-CIC'E-L Y, n. A plant of the genus scandix. 

SWEET-CIS'TUS, n. A shrub, the gum-cistus. 

SWEET'-CORN, n. A variety of the maize, of a sweet 
taste. 

SWEET'-FLAG, n. A plant of the genus acorus. 

SWEET'-GUM, n. A tree of the genus liquidambar. 

SW^EET'-JOHN’S, n. A plant, a species of dianthus. 

SWEET-MAUE'LIN, n. A species of achillea. 

SWEET-MAR' JO-RAM, n. A very fragrant plant. 

SWEET'-PeA, 71. A pea cultivated for ornament. 

SWEET'-ROOT, n. The liquorice, or fflycyrrhiza. 

SWEET'-RUSH, n. Another name of the sweet-jlag. 

SWEET'-SOP, n. A name of the annona squamosa. 

SWEET'-SUL-TAN, n. A plant, a species of centaurea. 

SWEET'-WEED, n. A plant of the genus capraria. 

SWEET'-WIL-LIAM, 71. The name of several species of 
pink, of the genus dianthus. Cyc. 

SWEE'IJ-WiL'LoW, n. A plant, the mTjrica gale. 

SWEET'- WOOD, n. A plant, a species of laurus. 

SWEET'EN, (sweetftn) v. t. 1. To make sweet. 2. To 
make pleasing or grateful to the mind. 3. To make mild 
or kind. 4. To make less painful. 5. To increase agree- 
able qualities. 6. To soften ; to make delicate. 7. To 
make pure and salubrious by destroying noxious mat- 
ter. 8. To make warm and fertile. 9. To restore to pu- 
rity. 

SV/EET'EN, (sweet'tn) v. i. To become sweet. Bacon. 

SWEET'ENED, pp. Made sweet, mild or grateful. 

SWEET'EN-ER, n. He or that which sweetens ; he that 
palliates ; tJjat which moderates acrimony. 

SWEET'EN-ING, ppr. Making sweet or grateful. 

SWEET'-HEART, n. A lover or mistress. S/iak. 

SWEET'ING, 77. 1. A sweet apple. Aschayn. 2. A word 
of endearment. Shak. 

SWEET'ISH, a. Somewhat sweet or grateful to the taste. 

SWEETRSH-NESS, n. The quality of being sweetish. 

SWEET'LY, adv. In a sweet manner ; gratefully. 

SWEET'MeAT, 77. Fruit j)reserved with sugar; as peaches, 
pears, melons, nuts, orange-peel, and the like. 

SWEET'NESS, 77. 1. The quality of being sweet, in any of 
its senses ; as gratefulness to the taste ; or to the smell, 
fragrance ; agreeableness to the ear, melody. 2. Agreea- 
bleness of manners ; softness ; mildness ; obliging civility. 
3. Softness ; mildness ; amiableness. 

SWEET'-SCENT-ED, a. [sweettiud. scent.] Having a sweet 
smell ; fragrant. 

SWEET'-SMELL-ING, a. [sweet and smell.] Having a 

dn.^yget smell ; fragrant. 

.-"WELL, V. pret. sicclled ; pp. swelled. Swollen is near- 

^ly obsolete. [Sax. swcllan ; D. zwellen ; G. schioellen ; 

• Dan. svcdler.] 1. To grow larger ; to dilate or extend the 
exterior surface or dimensions by matter added to tlie in- 
terior part, or by expansion of the inclosed substance. 2. 
To increase in size or extent by any addition. 3. To rise 
or be driven into waves or billows. 4. To be puffed up 
or bloated. 5. To be bloated with anger ; to be exasper- 
ated. 6. To be inflated; to belly. 7. To be turgid or 
bomba.stic ; as, swelling words. 8. To protuberate ; to 
bulge out. 9. To be elated ; to rise into arrogance. 10. 
To grow more violent. 11. To grow upon the view ; to 
become larger. 12. To become larger in amount. 13. 
To become louder. 14. To strut ; to look big. 15. To 
rise in altitude. 

SWELL, V. t. 1. To increase the size, bulk or dimensions 
of; to cause to rise, dilate or increase. 2. To aggra- 
vate; to heighten. 3. To raise to arrogance. 4. To en- 
large. — 5. In music, to augment, as the sound of a note; 

SWELL, 77. 1. Extension of bulk. 2. Increase, as of 
sound. 3. A gradual ascent or elevation of land. 4. A 
wave or billow ; znore generally, a succession of large 
waves. — 5. In an organ, a certain number of pipes inclos- 
ed in a box, which being uncovered produce a of 
sound. 

SWELLED, pp. Enlarged in bulk ; inflated. 


♦ See Synopsis, 


SWELLTNG, ppr. Growing or enlarging in its dimensions ; 
growing tumid ; inflating ; growing louder. 

SVVELL'ING, 77. 1. A tumor, or any morbid enlargement 
of the natural size. 2. Protuberance ; prominence. 3. A 
rising or enlargement by passion. 

f S WELT, for swelled. Spenser. 

^ ** sweltan ; Goth, swiltan, ga-swiltan,l 

To faint ; to swoon. 

fSWELT, V. t. To overpower, as with heat; to cause to 
faint. 

SWELT'ER, V. i. [from stcelt.] To be overcome and faint 
with heat ; to be ready to perish with heat. 

SWELT'ER, V. t. To oppress with heat. Bentley. 

SWELT'ERED, pp. Oppressed with heat. 

SWELT'ER-ING, pyr. Fainting or languishing with heat ; 
oppressing with heat. 

SWELT'RY, a. Suffocating with heat; oppressive with 
heat ; sultry. 

SWflPT, pret. andpp. of sweep. 

f SWERD, for sward. 

SWERVE, (swerv) v. i. [D. zwerven.] 1. To wander; to 
rove. 2. To wander from any line prescribed, or from a 
rule of duty ; to depart from what is established by law, 
duty or custom ; to deviate. 3. To bend ; to incline. 4. 
To climb or move forward by winding or turning. 

SWERVTNG, ppr. Roving ; wandering ; deviating from 
any rule or standard ; inclining ; climbing or moving by 
winding and turning. 

SWERV'ING, 77. The act of wandering; deviation from 
any rule, law, duty or standard. 

fSWEWEN, 77. A dream. Wicliffe. 

SWIFT, a. [Sax. 1. Moving a great distance or 

over a large space in a short time ; moving with celerity 
or velocity ; fleet ; rapid ; quick ; speedy. 2. Ready ; 
prompt. 3. Speedy ; that comes without delay. 

SWIFT, 77. 1. The current of a stream ; [/. — 2. In do- 

mestic affairs, a reel or turning instrument for winding 
yarn. 3. A bird, a species of swallow, so called from the 
rapidity of its flight. 4. The common newt or eft, a spe- 
cies of lizard. 

SWIFT'ER, 77. In a ship, a rope used to confine the bars 
of the capstan in their sockets, while men are turn- 
ing it. 

SWIFT'ER, V. t. To stretch, as shrouds by tackles. 

SWIFTTOOT, a. Nimble. Mir 7'or for Magistrates. 

SWIFT'HEELED, a. [iftcz/i and heel.] Swiftfoot; rapid ; 
quick. Habington. 

SWIFT'LY, adv. Fleetly ; rapidly ; with celerity. 

SWIFT'NESS, 77. Speed; rapid motion ; quickness; celer- 
ity ; velocity ; rapidity. 

SWIG, V. t. or 7. [Ice. swiga. Q,u. suck.] To drink by large 
draughts ; to suck greedily. 

SWIG, 77. 1. A large draught; [7;7ilgar.] — 2. In seamen’s 
language, a pulley with roy)es which are not parallel. 

SWIG,7;rt. [Sax. 6'7r7^a77.] To castrate, as a ram, by bind- 
ing the testicles tight with a string. [Local.] 

SWILL, V. t. [Sax. swelgan, sw7jlga7i.] 1. To drink gross- 
ly or greedily ; as, to sioill down great quantities of liquors. 
2. To wash ; to drench. 3. To inebriate ; to swell with 
fullness. 

SWILL, 77. 1. Large draughts of liquor; or drink taken 
in excessive quantities. 2. The wash or mixture of liquid 
substances given to swine ; called, in some places, sicill- 
ings. 

t SWILL, V. i. To be intoxicated. Whately. 

SWILLED, pp. Swallowed grossly in large quantities. 

SWILL'ER, 77. One who drinks voraciously. 

SWILL'ING, ppr. Swallowing excessive quantities of 
liquors. 

SWILL'XNGS, 77. Swill. 

SWIM, V. i. j pret. swam; pp..sivitm. [Sax. swim m an ; D. 
iwemmen, zwij7nen ; G. sclmenimen, schwimmen.] 1. To 
float ; to be supported on water or other fluid ; not to sink. 
2. To move progressively in water by means of the mo- 
tion of the hands and feet, or of fins. 3. To float ; to be 
borne along by a current. 4. To glide along Avith a smooth 
motion, or with a Avaving motion. 5. To be dizzy or ver- 
tiginous ; to have a Avaving motion of the head or a sen- 
sation of that kind, or a reeling of the body. 6. To be 
floated; to be'overfloAA’^ed or drenched. 7. To overfloAV ; 
to abound ; to have abundance. 

SWIM, V. t. 1. To pass or move on. Drijden. 2. To im- 
merse in Avater that the lighter parts may SAvim. 

SWIMM, 77. The bladder of fishes, by Avhich they are said 
to be supported in Avater. Grew. 

SWIM'MER, 77. 1. One that SAvims. 2. A protuberance on 
the leg of a horse. Far. Diet. 

SWIM'MING, ppr. Floating on a fluid ; moving on a fluid ; 
overflowing; abounding. 

SWIM'MING, 77 . 1. The act or art of moving on the Avator 
by means of the limbs ; a floating, 2. Dizziness. 

SWIM'MING-LY, adv. Smoothly ; Avithout obstruction * 
with great success. [Mot elegant.] 

G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 
*52 


SWI 


818 


SYE 


BWIN'DLE, V. t. rD. zicendelen,] To cheat and defraud 
grossly, or with deliberate artitice. . • 

SWliS'iJJ-iED, drossly clieated and defrauded. 

S VVlN'DLEll, 7 i. [G. acAwindicr.] A clieat ; a rogue j one 
wlio defrauds grossly, or one wlio makes a practice of de- 
frauding otliers by imposition or deliberate artitice. 

SWli\ IJLING, Clieating ; defrauding. 

SVVlN'DLIi\G, a. The act of defrauding ; knavery. 
SVVIjXE, n. sing, and phi. [Sax. sicm ; Svv., Dan. scin ; D. 
Z(oyn ,• G. sch^oein.] A hog ; a quadruped of the genus sas, 
wiiich furnishes man with a large portion of his most 
nourishing food. 

SWiNE'-DllEAD, n. A kind of plant, truffle. Bailey. 
SVViNE'-GASE, i 

SVViNE'-€oAT, > n. A hog-sty ; a pen for swine. [Local.'] 
SWTN E'-€RUE, ) 

SVVIiN L'-GKASS, n. A plant. [L. centinodia^ knot-grass.] 
SVVTNE'-ilERD, n. and herd.] A keeper of swine. 

SVVINF.'-oAT, 71. [sioiae and oat.] A kind of oats, culti- 
vated for the use of pigs, as in Cornwall. 

SWIA'E'-PIPE, 71. A bird, the red-wing. [Local.] 
SWl\E'-l’OX, ) 71. 1. The chicken-pox ; [local.] 2. A 
SVVINE'-POCKS, J variety of the chicken-pox ; the water- 
pox. 

SVViNE’S'-CRESS, n. A species of cress. 
SWiNE'-SToNE, ?i. A variety of limestone. Cyc. 
SWiXE'-STy, n. A sty or pen for swine. 
SWlNE'-THlS-TLE, ?i. A plant, the sow-thistle. Cyc. 
SWING, V. i. ; pret. and pp. sxcung. [G. schiringen ; D. 
zicingelcn ; &\v. svinga ; Dan. stinger.] 1. To move to 
and fro, as a body suspended in the air j to wave j to 
vibrate. 2. To practice swinging. 3. To move or fioat ; 
also, to turn round an anchor. 

SWING, v.t. 1. To make to play loosely ; to cause to wave 
or vibrate. 2. To whirl round in the air. 3. To wave j 
to move to and fro. 4. To brandish ; to nourish. 
SWING, n. I. A weaving or vibratory motion ; oscillation. 
2. Motion from one side to the other. 3. A line, cord or 
other thing suspended and hanging loose ; also, an appa- 
ratus suspended for persons to swing in. 4. Influence or 
power of a body put in motion. 5. Free course ; unre- 
strained liberty or license. 6 . The sweep or compass 6 f a 
moving body. 7. Unrestrained tendency. 
SWING'-BIUDGE, n. [swing and bridge.] A bridge that 
may be moved by swinging ; used on canals. 

SWINGE, (swinj) v. t. [Sax. situigan.] 1. To beat sound- 
ly ; to whip ; to bastinade ; to chastise ; to punish j [1. u. 
and vulgar.] 2 . To move as a lash ; [o&*\] 

•f SWINGE, (swinj) n. A sway ; a swing j the sweep of 
any thing in motion. Waller. 

f SWINGE'-BUCK-LER, 71. A bully ; one who pretends to 
feats of arms. Shah. 

SWING'ER, 71. One who swings ; one who hurls. 
SWING'ING, ppr. of swmg. Waving ; \^ating ; bran- 
disliing. 

SWIxNGTNG, 71. The act of swinging. ; 

SWING'ING, ppr. of swinge. 1 . Beating soundly. 2. -a. 

Huge ; very large ; [vulgar.] 

SWING'ING-LY, adv. Vastly j hugely. [Vidgar.] 

SWIN GLE, i. [from .sicino-.] 1 . To dangle j to W'ave 
hanging. 2. To swing for pleasure ; [o 6 s.] 

SWIN'GLE, v.t. [Sax. 52r»m^ra/t.] To beat; to clean flax 
by beating it. 

SWIxN'GLE, n. In 7cire-xoorks^ a wooden spoke fixed to the 
barrel that draws the wire ; also, a crank. 

SWINGLED, pp. Beat and cleaned by a swingling-knife. 
SWINGLE-TREE, n. A whiffle-tree or whipple-tree. 
SWINGLING, ppr. Beating and cleaning, as flax. 
SWINGLING-KNIFE, ) 71. A wooden instrument like a 
SWINGLE, ) large knife, used for cleaning 

flax of the shives. 

SWLVGLlNG-ToW, 71 . Tlie coarse part of flax, separated 
from the finer by swingling and hatcheling. 
SWING'-TREE, 71. The bar of a carriage to which the traces 
are fastened. — In .^vicrica^ it is often or generally called 
the 7chiffle-tree^ or Tthipplc-trec. 

SWING'-WHEEL, v. [siring and wheel.] In a time-piece j 
the wheel which drives the pendulum. Cyc. 

SWINTSH, < 7 . [from swine.] Befitting swine; like swine ; 
gross ; hoggish ; brutal. 

t S WINK, V. i. [Sax. swincan,] To labor ; to toil ; to drudge, 
i SWLNK, V. t. To overlabor. Milton. 
fSWTNK,??. Labor; toil; drudgery. Spenser. 
t SWINK'ER, 77 . A laborer ; a ploughman. Chaucer. 
SWIPE, 71. A swape or sweep, which .see. 
f SWIP'PER, a. [Sax. to mov'e quick.] Nimble; 

quick. 

SWISS, n. 1. A native of Switzerland or Swisserland. 2. 

The language of Swisserland. 

SWITCH, 77. [Sw. s?;c(Tc.] A small, flexible twig or rod. 
SWITCH, V. t. To strike with a smal twig or rod ; to beat ; 
to lash. Chapman. 

SWIT(NI, V. i. To walk with a jerk. [Obsolete or local.] 
SWIV'EL, (swiv'l) n. [Sax. sioifan.] 1. A ring which turns 


upon a staple ; or a strong link of iron used in mooring 
ship.s, and which permits the bridles to be turned round ; 
any ring or staple that turns. 2. A small cannon, fixed 
on a socket on the top of a ship’s side, stern or bow, or in 
her tops, in sucli a manner as to be turned in any direc- 
tion. 

SWiV’^EL, (swivd) V. i. To turn on a staple, pin or pivot. 

SWIV'EL-llOOK, 71. A hook that turns in the end of an 
iron block-strap, for the ready taking the turns out of a 
tackle. 

SWOB, n. A mop. See Swab. 

SWOB, V. t. I’o clean or wipe with a swob. See Swab. 

SWOB'BEll, 71. 1. One who swabs or cleans with a mop; 
[see Swabber.] — 2. Swabbers, four privileged cards, only 
used incidentally in betting at the game ol whist. 


SWoLL'ExV, 

SWoLN, 


jip. of swell ,• irregular and obsolescent. 


I SVVOxM, old jiret. of swim. 

SWOOxN, V. i. [Sax. as- . > 75 7777 ,( 777 .] To faint ; to sink into a 
fainting-fit, in which there is a sus;)ension of the apparent 
vital functions and mental powers. 

SWOON, 77. A fainting-fit ; lip(7thymy ; syncope. Coze. 

SVV'OON'ING, ;7/;r. Fainting away. 

SWOON'lxN'G, 77. The .act of fainting ; syncope. Hall. 

SW'OOP, v.t. 1. To fall on at once and seize; to catch 
while on the wing. 2. To seize ; to catch uj> ; to take 
with a sweep. 3. To pass with violence ; [c/i*.] 

SWOOP, t.i. To pass with pomp. Drayton. 

SWOOP, 77. A falling on and seizing, as of a rapacious fowl 
on his prey. 

SWOP, V. t. 'Po exchange; to barter; to give one com- 
modity for another. [Ji low word.] 

SWOP, 77. An exchange. Spectator. 

* SWORD, (sw5rd, or sord) 71 . [Sax. sxcoi-d, stceord G. 
schxccrt ; D. zwaard ; Dan. snwrd ; Sw. svard.] 1. An 
offensive weapon worn at the side, and used by Jiand 
either for thrusting or cutting. — 2. Figuratively, destruc- 
tion by war. 3. Vengeance or justice. 4. Emblem of 
authority and power. 5. War ; dissension. 6. Emblem 
of triumph and protection. 

* SWoRD'-BEAR-ER, 71. An officer in the city of London, 
who c.arries a sword as an emblem of justice before the 
lord mayor when he goes abroad. 

*SWoRD'-BELT, 72. [sTT^ord and 6<;Zt.] A belt by which a 
sword is suspended and borne by the side. 

* SWoRD'-BLADE, n. 'J'he blade or cutting part of a sword. 

^SWoRD'ED, a. Girded with a sword. J\iilto7i. 

f SWoRD'ER, 77. A soldier ; a cut-throat. Shah. 

* SWoRD'FIGHT, 72. [s?f^7’(Z and Jight.] Fencing; a com- 
bat or trial of skill with swords. 

*SWoRD'-FISH, 72. [sword and fish.] A genus of fishes. 

* SWoRD'-GRaSS, 77. [sword and ^/as*'.] A kindof sedge, 
glader ; the sweet-rush, a sjTecies of acorus. Cijc. 

’'^SWoRD^-KNOT, 77. A ribbon tied to the hilt of a sword. 

*SWoRD'-LAW, 72. Violence; government by force. 

*SWoRD'-MAN, 72. A soldier ; a fighting man. 

*SWoRD'-PLAY-ER, n. A fencer ; a gladiator ; one who 
exhibits his skill in the use of the sword. Hakewill. 

* SVVoRD'-SHAPED, a. Ensiform; shaped like a sword. 

SWORE, pret. of swear. 

SWORN, pp. of swear. 

t SWOUND, t;. 2 . To swoon. Shak. 

I8WUM, pret. and pp. of swim. 

SWUNG, pret. and pp. of swing. 

fSYB, or fSlB, a. [Sax.] Related by blood. 

SYB-A-R1T'1€, ) a. [from Sybaritw, inhabitants ofSyba- 

SYB-A-RITT-UAL, ) ris.] Luxurious ; wanton. 

SYC'A-MINE. See Sycamore. 


SY€'A-MORE, n. [Gr. avKapivos, evKopopog.] A species of 
fig-tree. [j 9. pseudo-platanus.] A species of maple. Pursh. 

SY€'A-M ORE-MOTH, n. A large and beautiful moth. 

SYGHTE, 77 . [Gr. (TOKOS, fig.] Fig-stone. Cyc. 

SY€ O-PHAN-CY, n. Originally, information of the clan- 
destine exportation of figs ; hence, mean talebearing ; 
obsequious flattery ; servility. 

SY€'0-PIIANT, 77 . [Gr. cvKoipavry ,* evKog, a fig, and ({lai' 
10), to discover.] Origmalhj, an informer against those 
who stole figs, or exported them contrary to law, &c. 
Hence, in time, it came to signify a talebearer or informer, 
in general ; hence, a parasite ; a mean flatterer ; especial- 
I 3 ' a flatterer of princes and great men ; hence, a deceiver ; 
an impostor. 

SY€'0-PHANT, )v.t. To play the sj^cophant ; to flat- 

SY€ O-PHANT-iZE, ) ter meanly and officiously ; to in- 
form or tell tales for gaining favor. 

SYG-0-PHANT'I€, a. Talebearing; more generally, obse- 
quiously flattering; parasitic; courting favor by mean 
adulation. 

SYG O-PHANT-RY, 77. Mean and officious talebearing or 
adulation. Barrow. 

SYD-Ne'AN, \ a. Denoting a species of white earth brought 

SYD-NtO'IAN, i from Sydney cove in South Wales. 

SY'E-NTTE. See Sienite. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, U, Y, Io7?^r._FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


SYM 


819 


SYN 


SYKE, 7J. A small brook or rill in low ground. [Local.] 
SYL-LAB'i€, )a.\. Pertaining to a syllable or sylla- 
SYLi-LAB'l-t/AL, ) bles. 2. Consisting of a syllable or 
syllables. 

SYLi-LUPI-CAL-LY, atZy. In a syllabic manner. 
SYL-LAB-I-Ca^TIOIsi, n. The act of forming syllables ; the 
act or method of dividing words into syllables. 
SYL'LA-BLE, n. [^L. syllaba ; Gr. (T*jAXa/3/?.] 1. A letter, or 
a combination ol letters, uttered together, or at a single 
etfor‘ or im])ulse of the voice. 2. A small part of a sen- 
teiice or discourse j something very concise, 
t SYL'LA-BLE, v.t. I'o utter; to articulate. Milton. 
SYL'IiA-BUB, n. A compound drink made of wine and 
milk. 

SYL'LA-BUS, n. [L.] An abstract ; a compendium contain- 
ing the heads of a discourse. 

SYL-LEP'SIS, 71 . [Gr. 1. In grammar^ a figure 

by which we conceive the sense of words otherwise than 
the words import, and construe them according to the in- 
tention of the author ; otherwise called substitution. 2. 
The agreement of a verb or adjective, not with the word 
next to it, but with the most worthy in the sentence. 
SYL'LO-GISM, n. [L. syllogismus j Gc. croWayicnog.] A 
form of reasoning or argument, consisting of three propo- 
sitions, of which the two first are called the pre/aLcs, and 
the last the conclusion. 

SYL-LO-GliS'Tl€, ) a. Pertaining to a syllogism ; con- 
SYL-LO-GlS‘TI-€AL, ^ sisting of a syllogism, or of tlie 
form of reasoning uy syllogisms. 
SYL-LO-Glfe^-Ti-GAL-LY, adc. In the form of a syllogism ; 
by means of syllogisms. 

SYL-LO-GI-Za'TIUA’, n. A reasoning by syllogisms. 
SYL'LO-GiZE, y. i. I’n reason by syllogisms. 
SYL'LO-GIZ'Elv, n. One who reasons by syllogisms. 
SYL'LO-GlZ-ING, pp?'. Reasoning by syllogisms. 

SYIiPII, n. [Fr. sTflphide ; Gr. ciXipy.] An imaginary being 
inhabiting the air. Pope. 

SYL'V'A, n. [L.] 1. In poetry, a poetical piece composed in 
a start or kind of transport. 2. A collection of poetical 
pieces of various kinds. Cijc. 

SYL'VAN. See Silvan. 

SYL'V AN, 71. A fabled deity of the wood ; a satyr ; a faun ; 
sometimes, perhaps, a rustic. 

SYIj'VAN-ITE, n. Native tellurium, a metallic substance. 
SYM'BAL. Sec Cymbal. 

SY'M'BOL, w. [L. syi 7 ibolu 7 n ; Gr. ciij/( 3 o\ov.] 1. The sign or 
representation of any moral thing by the images or proper- 
ties of natural things. 2. An emblem or representation of 
something else. 3. A letter or character which is signifi- 
cant. — 4. In 7 ucdals, a certain mark or figure representing 
a being or thing ; as, a trident is the sijmbol of Neptune. — 

5. Among Christians, an abstract or compendium; the 
creed, or a summary of the articles of religion. Baker. 

6. Lot ; sentence of adjudication ; [065.] 

SY^'M-BOL'IC, ) a. Representative ; exhibiting or ex- 
SYM-BOL'I-€AL, | pressing by resemblance or signs. 
SYM-BOL'I-CAL-LY, udv. By representation or resem- 
blance of properties ; by signs ; typically. 

SY'M'BOL-ISM, 71. Among chemists, consent of parts. 
SYM-BOL-I-Za'TION, 71. The act of symbolizing ; resem- 
blance in properties. Brozcii. 

SYXl'BOL-TZE, v.i. [Fr.syTuboliser.] To have a resemblance 
of qualities or properties. 

SYM'BOL-lZE, V. t. 1. I’o make to agree in properties. 2. 

To make representative of something. Brozcn. 
SYM'Bf)L-lZ-ING, ppr. Representing by some properties in 
common ; making to agree or resemble. 

SYMCME-TRAL, a. [from syniznetry.] Commensurable. 
.More. 

SYM-Mf.'TRI-AN, ) 71. One eminently studious of propor- 
^YM'ME-TRIST, ^ tion or symmetry of parts. 
SYM-MET'RI-CAL, a. Proportioual in its parts ; having its 
parts in due projiortion, as to dimensions. 
SYM-i\IE7’'Rl-GAIi-LY, adv. With due proportion of parts. 
SYM'ME-TRiZE, V. t. To make proportional in its parts; 

to reduce to symmetry. Burke. 

SYM'ME-TRY, 71. [Gr. cvpiierpia ; Fr. syTuetrie ; It., Sp. 
siwetWa.] A due proportion ol^ the several parts of a body 
to each other ; the union and conformity of tlie members 
of a work to the whole. 

SYM-PA-TIIET'IC, ) a. [Fr. sympathique.] 1. Pertain- 
SYM-PA-THET'['€AL, | ing to sympathy. 2. Having 
common feeling with another; susceptible of being affect- 
ed by feelings like those of another, or of feelings in con- 1 
sequence of what another feels. — 3. Among physicians, 
produced by sympathy. — 4. Among chemists and alchi- 
7 jiists, an epithet applied to a kind of powder. — 5. In 
anatomy, symyathetic is applied to two nerves, from the 
opinion that their communications are the cause of sym- 
pathies. 

SYM-PA-THET'I-€AL-LY, adv. With sympathy or com- 
mon feeling ; in consequence of sympathy. 
SYM'PA-THIZE, i. [Ft. sympathiser.] 1. To have a com- 


* See Synopsis, 


mon feeling, as of bodily pleasure or pain. 2. To feel in 
consequence of what another feels ; to be affected by feel- 
ings similar to those of another, in consequence of know- 
ing the person to be thus affected. 3. To agree ; to fit ; 

[oZ/iT.] 

SYM'PA-THY, n. [Gr. cru/^TTaOeta.] 1. Fellow-feeling ; the 
quality of being affected by the affection of another, with 
feelings correspondent in kind, if not in degree. 2. An 
agreement of affections or inclinations, or a conformity of 
natural temperament, which makes two persons j)leased 
with each other. — 3. In medicine, a correspondence of va- 
rious parts of the body in similar sensations or affections ; 
or an affection of the whole body, or some part of it, in 
consequence of an injury or disease of another part, or of 
a local affection. Cyc. — 4. In natural history, a proi>ension 
of inanimate things to unite, or to act on each other. 

SY M-PI 1 0'Nl-OLIS, a. [from symphozty.] Agreeing in sound ; 
accordant ;_harmonious. Milton. 

SYM'PHO-N IZE, V. i. To agree with ; to be in unison with. 

SYi\PPHO-NY, 71. [L. symphonia Fr. sywphoziie.] J. A 
consonance or harmony of sounds agreeable to the ear. 
2. A musical instrument. 3. A full concert. 4. An over- 
ture or other composition for instruments. 

SYXPPIIY-SIS, 71. [Gr. cvpipvaig.] 1. In onofoTn?/, the union 
of bones by cartilage ; a connection of bones without a 
movable joint. — 2. In surgery, a coalescence of a natural 
passage ; also, the first intention of cure in a wound. 

S YM-Pc<;6[-AG, a. [Gr. Gvpnoaia.] Pertaining to compota- 
tions and merry-making ; happening where company is 
drinking together. 

SYM-Po'i?l-A€, V. A conference or conversation of philoso- 
phers at a banquet. Plutarch. 

SYM-Po Si-UM, 71. A drinking together; a merry feast. 

SYMP TOM, ??. [Fr. .syw/?<o/He ,• Gr. avy-nTix) pa.] J. Prvperlij, 
something that happens in concurrence with another 
thing, as an attendant. 2. A sign or token ; that wliich 
indicates the existence of something else. 

SYMP-TO-MAT'[€, ) a. I. Pertaining to symptoms; 

SYMP-TO-MAT'l-€AL, ^ happening in concurrence with 
something; indicating the existence of something else. — 

2. In zncdichie, a szjviptomatic disease is one which pro- 
ceeds from some prior disorder in some part of the body. 

3. According to symptoms. 

SY"MP-TO-M AT'I-CAL-LY, adv. By means of symptoms ; 
in the nature of symptoms. Wiseman. 

SYMP-TO-MA-TOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. cvp-nrinpa.] The doc- 
trine of symptoms ; tliat j)art cf the science of medicine 
which treats of tlie symptoms of diseases. 

SYN-A-GOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to a synagogue. 

SY^N'A-GOGUE, (syn'a-gog) 7x. [Fr. ; Gr. ovvayinyri.] 1. A 
congregation or assembly of Jews, met fertile purpose of 
worshij) or the jierforniance of religious rites. 2. The 
house appropriated to the religious worship of the Jews. 
3. The court of the seventy elders among the Jews, called 
the great sy7iagogue. 

SYN'A-GRIS, n. A fish caught in the Archipelago, resem- 
bling the dentex. 

SYN-A-Lk'PIIA, n. [Gr. cvva\oi<ljT}.] In gram7nar, a con- 
traction of syllables by suppressing some vowel or diph- 
thong at the end of a word, before another vowel or 
diphthong. 

SYN'AR-€HY, 71. [Gr. avvap^^ia.] Joint rule or sovereignty. 

SY-NAR'E-l:?IS, 1 71. [Gr. evvatpemg.] Contraction ; the 

SY-NAR'E-SY, j shortening of a word by the omission 
of a letter. 

SYN-AR-THRO'SIS, ??. [Gr. evv and ap0oow.] Union of 
bones without motion ; close union ; as in sutures, sym- 
physis and the like. 

SY-NAX'IS, n. [Gr.] A congregation ; also, a term formerly 
used for the Lord’s supper. 

SYN-€IION-DRo'?’rS, n. [Gr. aw and ;;^o7’^po?.] The con- 
nection of bones by means of cartilage or gristle. 

SYN'GHRO-NAL, a. [Gr. crov and Ypovof.] Happening at 
the same time ; simultaneous. 

SYN'€HRO-NAL, n. That which happens at the same time 
with something else, or pertains to the same time. 

SYN-CHRON'I-CATv, a. Happening at the same lime ; si- 
multaneous. Bcijle. 

SYN'GRO-NISM, n. [Gr. aw and Concurrence of 

two or more events in time ; simultaneousness. Hale. 

SYN'CHRO-NTZE, v.i. To agree in time ; to be simulta- 
neous. Robinson. 

SY^N'CHRO-NOUS, a. Happening at the same time ; simui 
taneous. .^rbuthnot. 

SYN'CHRO-NOUS-IiY, adv. At the same time. 

SYN'GHY-STS, n. [Gr. ervp and A confusion ; a con- 

fused arrangement of words in a sentence, Knatchhull. 

SYxN 'CO-PATE, 7 \ t. 1. To contract, as a word, by taking 
one or more letters or syllables from the middle.— 2. In 
zrivsic, to prolong a note, begun on the unaccented part of 
a bar, to the accented part of the next bar. 

SYN'CO-PA-TEI), pp. 1. Contracted by tlie loss of a letter 


MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ,— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f OlscUu 


SYS 


SYN 


820 


from the middle of the word. 2. Inverted, as the meas- 
ure in music. 

SYN-CO-Pa'TION, n. 1. The contraction of a v/ord by tak- 
ing a letter, letters or a syllable from the middle. — 2. In 
music, an interruption of the regular measure ; an inver- 
sion of the order of notes ; a prolonging of a note, begun 
on the unaccented part of a bar, to the accented part of 
the next bar. 

SYN'CO-PE, 1 n. [Gr. avyKonri.] 1. In music, the same as s?/n- 

SYN'€0-PY, \ copation the division of a note introduced 
when two or more notes of one part answer to a single 
note of another. — 2. In grammar, an elision or retrench- 
ment of one or more letters or a syllable from the middle 
of a word. — 3. In 7/iedicme, a fainting or swooning. Cyc. 

SYN'€0-PIST, n. One' who contracts words. 

SYN'OO-PiZE, V. t. To contract by the omission of a letter 
or syllable. 

SYN'DIG, n. [L. syndicus ; Gr. <rw>5tK'0j.] An officer of 
government, invested with different powers in different 
countries ; a kind of magistrate intrusted with the affairs 
of a city or community. 

SYN^Dl-GATE, n. In some countries on the European con- 
tinent, a council j a branch of government. 

SYN'DI-GATE, v. t. To judge, or to censure. 

SYNfI)RO-ME, 1 n. [Gr. ovv^poyr].] 1. Concurrence. Qlan- 

SYN'DRO MY, | ville. — 2. In medicine, the concourse or 

combination of symptoms in a disease. 

SY-NEG DO-GIIE, ) n. [Gr. ovvtK.6o'YT}.~\ In rhetoric, a fig- 

SY-NEG'DO-GHY, | ure or trope by whicli tlie whole of 
a thing is put for a part, or a part for the whole ; as the 
genus for the species, or the species for the genus, <Stc. 
Cyc. 

SYN-EG-DOGHT-GAL, a. Expressed by synecdoche j im- 
plying a synecdoche. Boyle. 

SYN-EG-DOGH'-I-GAL-LY, fldy. According to the synec- 
dochical mode of speaking. Pearson. 

SYN-EG-PHO-Ne'S 1S, n. A contraction of two syllables 
into one. Ma^on. 

SYN-ER-GET IG, a. Cooperating. Dean Tucker. 

SYN-ER-GIS'TIG, a. [Gr. avvepya^opai.] Cooperating. 
Dean Tucker. 

SYN'OE-NESE, n. [Gr. evv and y'cveais.] In botany, a 
plant whose stamens are united in a cylindrical form by 
the anthers. 

SYN-GE-Ne'SIAN, a. Pertaining to the class synge- 
nesia. 


SYN-NEU-Ro'SIS, n. [Gr. evv and vevpov.] In anatomy, 
the connection of parts by means of ligaments, as in the 
movable joints. 


SYN'OD, n. [Gr. truvo^of.] 1. In church history, a council 
or meeting of ecclesiastics to consult on matters of relig- 
ion. 2. A meeting, convention or council. — 3. In astron- 
omy, a conjunction of two or more planets or stars in the 
same optical place of the heavens. 

SYN'O-DAL, n. 1. a pecuniary rent, paid to the 

bishop or archdeacon at the time of his Easter visitation, 
by every parish priest; a procuration. 2. Constitutions 
made in provincial or diocesan synods, are sometimes 
called synodals. 

^ Pertaining to a synod ; transacted in 

SY-NOD'I-GAL, ) S’ synod. Stillingjieet. 

SY-NOU'I-GAL-LY, adv. By the authority of a synod. 

SY-NOM'O-SY, w. [Gr. cvvwpoeia.] Sworn brotherhood; 
a society in ancient Greece nearly resembling a modern 
political club. Milford. 

SY-NON'1-MAL-LY, adv. Synonymously. Spelnian. 

SYN'O-NYM, 71. [Gr. trwwvujuo?.] A name, noun or other 
word, having the same sign ideation as another, is its syn- 


onym. 

SY-NON'Y-MA, n. plu. Words having the same significa- 
tion. 

t SY-NON'Y-MAL, a. Synonymous. 

SY-NON'Y-MIST, 71. Among botanists, a. person who col- 
lects the difterent names or synonyms of plants, and 
reduces them to one another. 

SY-MON'Y-MIZE, v. t. To express the same meaning in 
different words. Camden. 

SY-NON'V-MOUS, a. Expressing the same thing; convey- 
ing the same idea. 

SY-NON' Y-MOUS-LY, adv. In a synonymous manner; in 
the same sense ; with the same meaning. 

SY-NOX'V'-MY, 77. 1. The quality of expressing the same 
meaning by different words. — 2. In rhetoric, a figure by 
which synonymous words are used to amplify a dis- 
course. 

SY-NOP'BIS, 71. [Gr. A general view, or a col- 

lection of things or parts so arranged as to exhibit the 
whole or the principal parts in a general view. 

SV-xNOP'TIG, ) a. Affording a general view of the 

SY-NOP'TI-GAL, ) whole, or of the principal parts of a 
thing. 


SY-NOP'TI-GAL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to present 
a general view in a short compass. 

SY-No'VI-A, ) 71. In a77ct<77777/, the fluid secreted into the cav- 
SYJN'OV Y, ^ ities of joints, for the purpose of lubricating 
thein. 

SY-No'VI-AL, a. Pertaining to synovia ; secreting a lubri- 
cating fluid. Cyc. 

SYN-TAG'TIG, ^ ) a. 1. Pertaining to syntax, or the 
SYN-TAG'TI-GAL, ) construction of sentences. 2. Ac- 
cording to the rules of syntax or construction. 
SYN-TAG'TI-GAL-LY, adv. In conformity to syntax. 
SYN'TAX, 77. [L. syntaxis ; Gr. awra^ig.] 1. In grammar, 
the construction of sentences ; the due arrangement of 
words in sentences, according to established usage. 2. 
Connected system or order ; union of things ; [o6s.] 
SYN-TE-RiVSIS, n. [Gr. evv and rypeoj.] A remorse of 
conscienct'. Bp. Ward. 

SYN'TIIE-S- IS,7t. [Gr. cvvOeecg.] 1. Composition, or the 
putting of two or more things together, as in compound 
medicines. — 2. In logic, composition, or that process of 
reasoning in which we advance by a regular chain from 
principles before established or assumed, and propositions 
already proved, till we arrive at the conclusion. — 3. In 
surgery, the operation by which divided parts are reunited. 
Cyc. — 4. In chemistry, the uniting of elements into a 
compound ; the opposite of analysis. 

SYN-TIIET'IG, I a. Pertaining to synthesis ; cons'sting 
SYN-THET^I-GAL, ) in synthesis or conijxisition. 
SYN-THET'I-GAL-LY, adv. By synthesis ; by composition. 
SYN'THE-TiZE, v. t. To unite in regular structure. [Little 
used.'] 

SYN-TON'IG, a. [Gr. evv and tovos.] In music, sharp ; 

intense. Rousseau. 

SYPiri-LIS. See Siphilis. 

SY 'PH ON, 71. [Gr. <rt0wv.] A tube or pipe. More correct- 
ly, siphon, which see. 

SY'REN. See Siren. 

SYR'I-AG, ft. The language of Syria, especially the ancient 
language of that country. 

SYR 1- AG, a. Pertaining to Syria, or its language. 
SYR'I-A-CISM, ft. A Syrian idiom. Milton. 

SYR'I-AN, a. Pertaining to Syria. 

SYR'I-AN-ISM, ft. A Syrian idiom. Paley. 

SYR'I-ASM, ft. The same as Syrianism. Warburton. 
SY-RIN'GA, ft. [Gr. evpiy^, evpiyyog.] A genus of plants, 
the lilac. 

SYR'iNGE, (sir'inj) n. An instrument for injecting liquids 
into animal bodies, into wounds, &c.; or an instrument in 
the form of a pump, serving to imbibe any fluid, and then 
to expel it with force. 

SYR INGE, V. t. To inject by means of a pipe or syringe ; 

to wash and cleanse by injections from a syringe. 
SYR-IN-GOT'O-MY, w. [Gr. evpiy^ and Tepvo.] The op- 
eration for cutting for the fistula. Cyc. 

SYRT, 77. [L. syrtis.l A bog ; a quicksand. Young. 
SYR'TIS, 71. [L.] A quicksand. [Mot English.] Milton. 
SYR'UP. See Sirup. 

SYS'TA-SIS, ft. [Gr. everaeig.] The consistence of a 
tiling; constitution. [Little used.] Burke. 

SYS'TEM, ft. [Fr. systemc ; L. systema ; Gr. everypa.] 1. 
An assemblage of things adjusted into a regular whole ; 
or a whole plan or scheme consisting of many parts con- 
nected in such a manner as to create a cliain of mutual 
dependencies. 2. Regular method or order. — 3. In music, 
an interval compounded or supposed to be compounded 
of several lesser intervals. 

SYS-TE-MAT'IG, ) a. 1. Pertaining to system; con- 
SYS-TE-MAT'I-GAL, j sisting in system ; methodical. 

2. Proceeding according to system or regular method. 
SYS-TE-MAT'I-GAL-LY, adv. In the form of a system j 
methodically. Boyle. 

SYS'TEM-A-TIST, \ n. One who forms a system, or re- 
SYS'TEM-A-TIZ_-ER, \ duces to system. 

SVP TEM-A-TiZE, v.t. [Systemize is the more regular 
and proper formation of this word.] To reduce to a sys- 
tem or regular method. 

SYS-TEM-I-Za'TION, ft. The act or opeiation of systemiz- 
ing ; the reduction of things to system or regular 
method. 

SYS'TEM-iZE, v. t. To reduce to system or regular 
method. 

SYS'TEM-IZED, pp. Reduced to system or method. 
SYS'TEM-TZ-ER, n. One who reduces things to system. 
SYS'TEM-lZ-ING, ppr. Reducing to system or due meth- 
od. 

SYS'TEM-MaK-ER, ft. One who forms a system. 
SYS'TEM-M6N-GER, n. One given to the forming of sys- 
tems. Chesterfield. 

SYS'TO-LE, I ft. [Gr. (TvotoXt/.] 1. In grammar, the 
SYS'TO-LY, \ shortening of a long syllable. — 2. In anat- 
omy, the contraction of the heart for expelling the blood 
and carrying on the circulation. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, "0, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PR£Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — | Obsolete. 


TAB 


821 


TAG 


SYS'TYLE, n. [Gr. cvv and aruXo?.] In architecture^ the 
manner of placing columns, where the place between the 
two shafts consists of two diameters or four modules. 

SyTHE, [S(ix. sithe ; D. seissea.] 1 . An instrument for 
mowing grass, or cutting other grain or vegetables. 2. The 
curved sharp blade used anciently in war chariots. 


t SYTIIE, V. t. To mow. Shale. 

SYTHED, a. Armed with sythes, as a chariot. 
SYTHE'MAN, n. One who uses a sythe ; a mower. 
S\Z‘Y-(iY,n. [Gr. (Tu^uyja.J The conjunction or opposi- 
tion of a planet with the sun, or of any two of the 
heavenly bodies. 



ri^ is the twentieth letter of the English Alphabet, and a 
A close consonant. It represents a close joining of the 
end of the tongue to the root of the upper teeth, as may 
be perceived by the syllables at, ct, at, wt, in attempting 
to pronounce which, the voice is completely intercepted. 
It is therefore numbered among the mutes, or close artic- 
ulations, and it differs from d chiefly in its closeness. 
The letters ti, before a vowel, and unaccented, usually 
pass into the sound of sh, as in nation, motion, partial. In 
this case, t loses entirely its proper sound. In a few 
words, the combination tihas the sound of the English ch, 
as in Christian, question. 

T. as an abbreviation, stands for theologia ,* as, S. T. D. 
sanctiB theologi<B doctor, doctor of divinity. 

As a numeral, T, among the Latins, stood for 160, and, with 

a dash over the top, T, for 160,000. 

TAB'ARD, n. [VV. tabar ; It. tabarra.] A short gown 5 a 
herald’s coat. [JYa£ used in the U. States.] 

TAB'ARD-ER, n. One who wears a tabard. 

TAB-A-SHEER, n. A Persian word signifying a concretion 
found in the joints of the bamboo. 

TAB'BIED, pp. Watered ; made wavy. 

TAB BY, a. Brinded ; brindled j diversified in color. 

TAB'BY, n. [Fr. tabis ; It., Sp., Port, tabi ,• Dan. tabin.] 1. 
A kind of waved silk, usually watered. 2. A mixture of 
stone or shells and mortar, which becomes hard as a rock. 

TAB'BY, V. t. To water or cause to look wavy. Cyc. 

TAB'BY-ING, 71. The passing of stuff’s under a calender to 
give them a wavy appearance. 

TAB-E-FA€'T10N, n. [L. tabco and facio.] A wasting 
away ; a gradual losing of flesh by disease. 

TAB'E-FY, V. i. [Heb.] To consume j to waste gradually ; 
to lose flesh. [Little used.] Harvey. 

TAB'ERD. See Tabard. 

TAB'ER-NA-GLE, 7 J. [L. tabe7’naculum.] 1. A tent. JSTuni. 
xxiv. 2. A temporary habitation. — 3. Among the .Jews, 
movable building, so contrived as to be taken to pieces 
with ease and reconstructed, for the convenience of being 
carried during the wanderings of the Israelites in the 
wilderness. 4. A place of worship ; a sacred place. 5. 
Our natural body. 2 Cor. v. 6 . God’s gracious presence, 
or the tokens of it. Rev: xxi. 7. An ornamented chest 
placed on the Roman Catholic altars as a receptacle of the 
ciborium and pyxis. 

TAB'ER-NA-CLE, v. i. To dwell j to reside for a time j to 
be housed. 

TAB-ER-NA€^U-LAR, a. Latticed. Warton. 

TAB'lD,a. [Fr. ; h. tabidus.] Wasted by disease 3 

consumptive. Arbuthnot. 

TAB'ID-NESS, n. State of being wasted by disease 3 con- 
sumptiveness. 

fTAB'i-TUDE, u. [L. tabitudo.] A consumption 3 a wast- 
ing away by disease. Cockcratn. 

TAB'LA-TURE, n. 1. Painting on walls and ceilings 3 a 
single piece comprehended in one vnew, and termed ac- 
cording to one design. — 2. In inusic, the expression of 
sounds or notes of composition by letters of the alphabet 
or ciphers, or other characters.— 3. In anatomy, a division 
or parting of the skull into two tables. 

Ta'BLE, 7 i. [Fr .5 h. tabula; It. tavola ; Sp. £aWa.] 1. A 
flat surface of some extent, or a thing that has a flat sur- 
face. 2. An article of furniture, used for a great variety 
of purposes, as for holding dishes of meat, for writing on, 
&c. 3. Fare or entertainment of provisions. 4. The 

persons sitting at table or partaking of entertainment. 5. 
A tablet 3 a surface on which any thing is written or en- 
graved. 6 . A picture, or something that exhibits a view 
of any thing on a flat surface.— 7. Among Christians, the 
table 'ox I.ord^s table, is the sacrament, or holy communion 
of the Lord’s supper. 8 . The altar of burnt-offering. Mai. 
i.— 9. In architecture, a smooth, simple niember or orna- 
ment, of various forms, most usually in that of a long 
square. — 10 . In perspective, a plain surface, supposed U) 
be transparent and perpendicular to the horizon. 11. In 
anatomy, a div’ision of the cranium or skull. 12. In the 
rrlass manufacture, a circular sheet of finished glass.— -13. 
In literature, an index 3 a collection of heads or principal 
matters contained in a book, with references to the pages 
where each may be found. 14. A synopsis 3 many partic- 


ulars brought into one view. 15. The palm of the hand. 
16. Draughts 3 small pieces of Avood shifted on squares. 
— 17. In mathematics, tables are systems of numbers cal- 
culated to be ready for expediting operations. — 18. Astro- 
nomical tables are computations of the motions, places 
and other phenomena of the planets, both primary and 
secondary. — 19. In chemistry, a list or catalogue of sub- 
stances or their properties. — 20. In general, any series of 
numbers formed on mathematical or other correct princi- 
ples. 21. A division of the ten commandments 3 as the 
first and second tables. — 22. Among jeicelei's, a table dia- 
mond, or other precious stone, is one whose upper surface 
is quite flat, and the sides only cut in angles. 23. A list 
or catalogue. 

Twelve tables, the laws of the Romans, so called, probably, 
because engraved on so many tables. — To turn the tables, 
to change the condition or fortune of contending parties 3 
a metaphorical expression taken from the vicissitudes of 
fortune in gaming. Dryden. 

Ta'BLE, V. i. To board 3 to diet or live at the table of 
another. South. 

Ta'BLE, V. t. 1. To form into a table or catalogue. 2. To 
board 3 to supply with food. 3. To let one piece of timber 
into another, by alternate scores or projections from the 
middle. 

Ta'BLE-BED, 7 i. a bed in the form of a table. 

Ta'BLE-BEEK, 71. Beer for the table 3 small beer. 

Ta'BLE- BOOK, n. [table and book.] A book on which 
any thing’is engraved or written without ink. 

Ta'BLE-CLOTH, 71. A cloth for covering a table. * 

Ta'BLED, pp. Formed into a table. 

Ta'BLE-LAND, n. Elevated, flat land. 

Ta'BLE-MAN, n. A man at draughts 3 a piece of wood. 

Ta'BLER, n. One who boards. Ainsworth. 

Ta'BLE!?, 71 . plu. A board used for back-gammon. 

TAB'LET, 7 J. 1. A small table or flat surface. 2. Something 
flat on which to write, paint, draw or engrave. 3. A 
medicine in a square form. 

Ta'BLE-TALK, n. Conversation at table or at meals. 

Ta'BLING, ppr. Boarding 3 forming into a table 3 letting 
one timber into another by scores. 

Ta'BLING, n. 1. A forming into tables 3 a setting down in 
order. 2. The letting of one timber into another by alter- 
nate scores or projections, as in ship-building. — 3. In sail- 
making, a broad hem made on the skirts of sails by turning 
over the edge of the canvas, and sewing it down. 

TA-BOfV, V. In the L'Zes of the Pacific, a word denoting 
prohibition or religious interdict, which is of great force 
among the inhabitants. 

TA-BOO', V. t. To forbid, or to forbid the use of 3 to inter- 
dict approach or use. 

Ta'BOR, 77 . [W. £aZ>?crz ; Ir. ta&ar ; Old Fr. tabour.] A 
small drum used as an accompaniment to a pipe or file. 


O 


Ta'BOR, V. 7 . 1. To strike lightly and frequently. 

play on a tabor or little drum. 

Ta'BOR-ER, 77. One who beats the tabor. Shak. 
TAB'O-RET, 77 . [from tabor.] A small tabor. Spectator. 

nn A r 1 A tnhor • n small firn 


To 


TAB'O-RiNE, 

TAB'O-RIN, 


77. [Fr. tabourin.] A tabor 5 a small drum. 
ShaJe. 

fTABRERE, 77. A laborer. Spenser. 

TAB'RET, 77. A tabor. 1 Sam. xviii. 

TAB'IJ-LAR, a. [L. tabularis.] 1. In the form of a table ; 
having a flat or square surface. 2. Having the form of 
lamina or plates. 3. J?et down in tables. 4. Set in squares. 
TAB'U -LATE, v. t. 1. To reduce to tables or synopses. 2. 

To shape with a flat surface. Johnson. 

TAB'U-LA-TED, pp. Having a flat or square flat surface. 
TAG-A-MA-HAC'A, 


TAC-A-MA-HAC', 


n. 1. A tree of a sweet fragrance, 
; planted in gardens as an ornament. 
2. A resin obtained in America from the fra gara octandra. 
Ta'CE, from L. taceo, a term used in Italian music, direct- 
ing to be silent. . 

Ta'CET, in music, is used when a vocal or instrumental part 
is to be silent during a whole movement. Ceje. 
fTACII, I n. Something used for taking hold or liolding 3 
I TACIIE, S a catch 3 a loop 3 a button, 
t TA-CHYG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. va;^vf and ypacpu).] The 

art or practice of quick writing. , ^ 

TAC'IT, a. [Fr* tacite; L.tacitus.] Silent 3 implied, but 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, 


D 6 VE 3 — BULL, UNITE.— C as K 3 


G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SII 3 TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


TAI 


822 


TAK 


not expressed. Tacit conseiU is consent by silence, or 
not interposing an objection. 

TAC IT-LV^, ado. Silently ; by implication ; without words. 

TAC'd-TURiV, a. [L. tacitarnus,'\ Habitually silent j not 
free to converse ; not apt to talk or speak. ISmollett. 

TAC-l-TURN'I-TY, n. [Fr. tacilurnite ; L. taciturnitas .] 
Habitual silence or reserve in speaking. Arbuthiwt. 

TACK, t. [Gr. raacruj ; Fr. attacker ^ It. attaccare ; Sp. 
atacar.] 1. To fasten ; to attacli. 2. To unite by stitch- 
ing together. 3. To fasten slightly by nails. 

t TACK, or j- TACHE, n. [Fr. tachc.] A spot. 

TACK, n. [Ir. taca ; Arm. tack.] 1. A small nail. 2. A 
rope used to confine the foremost lower corners of the 
courses and stav-sails. 3. 'J’lie part of a sail to which the 
tack is usually fastened. 4. The course of a ship in re- 
gard to the position of her sails. — To hold tack, to last or 
hold out. Tvsscr. 

TACK, V. i. To change the course of a ship by shifting the 
tacks and position of tlie sails from one side to the other. 
JSIar. Diet. 

TACK, n. In rural economy, a shelf on which cheese is 
dried. [Local.'] — Tack of land, the term of a lease. [Local.] 

TACK'ER, n. One who tacks or makes an addition. 

TACK'ET, 11 . A small nail. Barret. 

TACK ING, i>pr. Changing a ship’s course. 

TAC KLE, 11 . [D. takel ; G. takel, takeln ; Sw. tackef tackla ; 
Dan. takkel, takler.] 1. A machine for raising or lowering 
heavy weights, consisting of a rope and blocks, called a 
pulley. 2. Instruments of action ; weapons. 3. An ar- 
row. 4. The rigging and apparatus of a ship. 

TAC'KLE, V. t. I. To harness ; as, to tackle a horse into a 
gig; [a common use of the word in America .] 2. To 

seize ; to lay hold of. [JYeiO England.] 3. To supply 
with tackle. Beaumont. 

TAC'KLED, pp. 1. Harnessed ; seized. 2. Made of ropes 
tacked together. Skak. 

TACK'LING, ppr. Harnessing; putting on harness; seiz- 
ing ; falling on. 

TACK'LING, n. 1. Furniture of the masts and yards of a 
ship, as cordage, sails, &;c. 2. Instruments of action. 3. 
Harness ; the instruments of drawing a carriage. 

TACKS'MAN, n. One who holds a tack or lease of land 
from another ; a tenant or lessee. [Local.] 

TACT, n. [L. tactus ; Fr. tact ; It. tatto ,* Sp. tacto.] 1. 
Touch ; feeling ; formerly, the stroke in beating time in 
music. [Dan. tagt.] 2. Peculiar skill or faculty ; nice 
perception or discernment. Am. Reciew. 

TAC'TIC, ) a. [See Tactics.] Pertaining to the art of 

TAC'TI-CAL, \ military and naval dispositions for battle, 
evolutions, &c. 

TAC-Ti''ClAN, n. One versed in tactics. 

TAC'TICS, n. [Gr. raKTiKog ; Fr. tactique.] 1. The science 
and art of disposing military and naval forces in order for 
battle, and performing military and naval evolutions. 2. 
The art of inventing and making machines for throwing 
darts, arrows, stones and other missile weapons. 

TA€V3'TLE, ) a. [Fr. tactile; L. tactilis.] Tangible; sus- 

TAC'TIL, < ceptible of touch ; that may be felt. Hale. 

TAC-TIL'I-TY, 11 . Tangibleness ; perceptibility of touch. 

TACTION, 11 . [Fr. ; L. tactio.] The act of touching ; 
touch. 

TA-DOR'NA, n. [?p. tadorno.] A name of the shel-drake, 
vulpanser, or borough-duck. Cyc. 

TAD'POLE, n. [Sax. tade, withpo/a.] A frog in its first 
state from the spawn ; a porwiggle. 

Ta’EN, (tine). The poetical contraction of taken. 

n’AF'EL-SPATH, n. A lamellar mineral. 

TAF'f'ER-EL, n. [D. ta fcreel.] The upper part of a ship’s 
stern, which is flat like a table on the top, and sometimes 
ornamented with carved work. Cyc. 

TAF'FE-TA, n. [Fr. tafetas, ta ffetas ; It. taffetta.] A fine, 
smooth stuff of silk, having usually a remarkable gloss. 

TAG, V. [Sw. tagg ; Ice. tag; Dan. tagger, takker.] 1. A 
metallic point put to the end of a string. 2. Something 
mean and paltry ; [vulgar.] Shak. 3. A young sheep ; 
[local.] 

TAG, V. t. 1. To fit with a point ; as, to tag lace. 2. To fit 
one thing to another ; to append to. 3. To join or fasten. 
S>nift. 

TAG, n. A play in which the person gains who tags, that 
is, touches another. 

TAG-SORE, n. A disease in sheep. Cyc. 

TAG-TAIL, n. [tag and tail.] A worm which has its tail 
of another color. Walton. 

TAITi, V. [Sax. tcegl ; Ice. taal.] 1. The part of an animal 
which terminates its body behind. 2. The lower part, 
noting inferiority. 3. Any thing hanging long ; a catkin. 
4. The hinder part of any thing. — 5. In anatomy, that 
tendon of a muscle which is fixed to the movable part. — 
6. In botany, the tail of a seed is a downy or feathery ap- 
pendage to certain seeds, formed of the permanent elon- 
gated style. Cyr. — 7. Horse^s tail, among the Tartars and 
Ckinese, is an ensign or flag ; among the Turks, a stan- 


dard borne before the grand visier, bashaws and the san- 
giacs. — 8. In heraldry, the tail of a hart. — 9. In music, the 
part of a note running upwards or downwards. 10. The 
extremity or last end. 

TAIL, n. [Fr. tailler ; Sp. tallar ; It. tagliare.] In law, an 
estate in tail is a limited fee ; an estate limited to certain 
heirs, and from which the otlier heirs are precluded. 

TAIL, V. t. To pull by the tail. Hudibras. 

TAILLE, (tale) //. The fee which is opposite to fee-simple, 
because it is so minced or pared, that it is not in his free 
power to be disposed of, who owns it ; but it is, by the first 
giver, cut or divided from all other, and tied to the issue 
of the donee. Cowel. 

I TAIL* AGE, or f TAL'LI-AGE,ti. [Fr. tailler.] Literally, 
a share ; hence, a tax or toll. Blackstone. 

TAILED, a. Having a tail. Grew. 

TAIL'INGS, 11 . plu. TJie lighter parts of grain blown to one 
end of the heap in winnowing. [Local.] 

TAIL'OR, n. [Fr. tailleur.] One whose occupation is to cut 
out and make men’s garments. 

TAIL'OR, V. i. To practice making men’s clothes. Green. 

TAIL*OR-ESS, 71. A female who makes garments for men. 

TAIL*OR-ING, n. The business of a taildr. 

TAINT, V. t. [Fr. teindre ; L. tingo.] 1. To imbue or im- 
pregnate, as with some extraneous matter wdiich alters the 
sensible qualities of the substance. — 2. JUore generally, to 
impregnate with something odious, noxious or poisonous 
3. To infect ; to poison. 4. To corrupt, as by incipient 
putrefaction. 5. To stain; to sully; to tarnish. G. To 
corrupt, as blood ; to attaint ; [065. J see Attaint. 

TAINT, V. i. 1. To be infected or corrupted ; to be touched 
with something corrupting. 2. To be affected with incipi- 
ent putrefaction. 

TAINT, V. 1. Tincture ; stain. 2. Infection; corruption; 
depravation. 3. A stain ; a spot ; a blemish on reputa- 
tion. 4. An insect ; a kind of spider. 

TAINT*ED, pp. Impregnated with something noxious, dis- 
agreeable to the senses, or poisonous ; infected ; corrupted ; 
stained. 

TAINT'FREE, a. Free from taint or guilt. 

TAINT'ING, ppr. Impregnating w'ith something foul or poi- 
sonous ; infecting ; corrupting ; staining. 

TATNT*LES.8, a. Free from taint or infection.; pure. Swift. 

TAINT'URE, 71. [h. tinctura.] Taint; tinge; defilement; 
stain ; spot. [A’dt muck used.] Shak. 

T AJ A^^IJ I peccary or Mexican hog. 

TxAKE, V. t. ; pret. took; pp. taken. [Sax. tcecan, thiegan , 
Sw. taga ; Dan. tager ; Ice. taka.] 1. In a general sense, 
to get hold or gain possession of a thing in almost any 
manner, either by receiving it wlien offered, or by using 
exertion to obtain it. — Take differs from seiie, as it does 
not always imply haste, force or violence. 2. To receive 
what is offered. 3. To lay hold of ; to get into one’s 
power for keeping. 4. To receive with a certain affection 
of mind. .5. To catch by surprise or artifice; to circum- 
vent. G. To seize : to make prisoner. 7. To cajitivate 
with pleasure ; to engage tlie affections ; to delight. 8. 
To get into one’s power by engines or nets ; to entrap ; to 
insnare. 9. To understand in a particular sense ; to re- 
ceive as meaning. 10. To exact and receive. 11 . To 
employ ; to occupy. 12. To agree to ; to close in with ; 
to comply with. 13. To form and adopt. 14. To catch ; 
to embrace ; to seize. 15. To admit ; to receive as an im- 
pression ; to suffer. 16. To obtain by active exertion. 
17. To receive ; to receive into tlie mind. 18. To swal- 
low, as meat or drink. 19. To swallow, as medicine. 
20. To choose; to elect. 21. To copy. 22. To fasten 
on ; to seize. 23. To accept ; not to refuse. 24. To 
adopt. 25. ff''o admit. 26. To receive, as any temper or 
disposition of mind. 27. To endure ; to bear witiiout re- 
sentment. 28. To draw' ; to deduce. 29. To assume. 
30. To allow ; to admit ; to receive as true, or not disput- 
ed. 31. To suppose ; to receive in thought; to entertain 
in opinion ; to understand. 32. To seize ; to invade. 33. 
To have recourse to. 34. To receive into the mind. 35. 
To hire ; to rent ; to obtain possession on lease. 36. To 
admit in copulation. 37. To draw ; to copy ; to paint a 
likeness. 38. To conquer and cause to surrender ; to gain 
possession of by force or capitulation. 39. To be discov- 
ered or detected. 40. To require or be necessary. 

To take away. 1. To deprive of ; to bereave. 2. To remove. 
— To take care. 1. To be careful ; to be solipitous for. 
2. To be cautious or vigilant. — To take care of, to super- 
intend or oversee ; to have the charge of keeping or secur- 
ing. — To take a course, to resort to; to have recourse to 
measures. — To take one\s own course, to act one’s pleas- 
ure ; to pursue the measures of one’s owm choice. — To 
take down. 1. To reduce; to bring lower; to depress. 
2. ff'o swallow. 3. To pull dowm ; to pull to pieces. 4. 
To write. — To take from. 1. To deprive of. 2. To de- 
duct; to subtract. 3. To detract; to derogate. — To take 
I heed, to be careful or cautious. — To take heed to, to attend 

1 to with care. — To take hold, to seize ; to fix on. — To take 


* See Synopsis. A, K, I, o, tJ, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — | Obsolete. 


TAL 


823 


TAI. 


iiu 1. To Inclose; to fence. 2» To encompass or em- 
brace ; to comprise ; to comprehend. 3. To draw into a 
smaller compass; to contract; to brail or furl. 4. To 
cheat ; to circumvent ; to gull. 5. To admit ; to receive. 

0. To Win by conquest ; [ois.] 7. To receive into the 
mind or understanding. — To take in hand, to undertake ; 
to attempt to execute any thing. — To take notice. 1. To 
observe ; or to observe with particular attention. 2. To 
show by some act that observation is made ; to make re- 
mark upon. — To take oath, to swear witii solemnity, or in 
a judicial manner. — To take off. To remove, in various 
ways ; to remove from the top of any thing. 2. To cut oft’. 
3. To destroy. 4. To remove ; to invalidate. 5. To with- 
draw ; to call or draw away. 6. To swallow. 7. To 
purchase ; to take from in trade. 8. To copy. 9. To im- 
itate ; to mimic. 10. To ftnd place for. — To take off from, 
to lessen ; to remove in part. — To take order with, to 
check. — To take out. 1. To remove from within a place ; 
to separate ; to deduct. 2. To draw out; to remove ; to 
clearer cleanse from. — I'o take part, to share. — To take 
part with, to unite with ; to join with. — To take place. ]. 
To happen ; to come, or come to pass. 2. To have effect ; 
to prevail. — To take effect, to have the intended effect; 
to be efticacious. — To take root. 1. To live and grow, as 
a plant. 2. To be established, as principles. — 7’o take up. 

1. To lift; to raise. 2. To buy or borrow. 3. To begin. 
— 4. In saraery, to fasten with a ligature. 5. To engross ; 
to employ ; to engage the attention. 6. To have final re- 
course to. 7. To seize ; to catch ; to arrest. 8. To ad- 
mit. 9. To answer by reproof ; to reprimand. 10. To 
begin where another left oft’. 11. To occupy ; to fill. 12. 
To assume ; to carry on or manage for another. 13. To 
comprise ; to include. 14. To adopt ; to assume. 15. To 
collect ; to exact a tax. 16. To pay and receive. — To take 
up arms, or to take arms, to begin war ; to begin resistance 
by force. — To take upon. 1. To assume; to undertake. 

2. To appropriate to ; to admit to be imputed to. — To take 
side, to join one of twodifl’ering parties. — To take to heart, 
to be sensibly affected by. — To take advantage <?/, to catch 
by surprise ; or to make use of a favorable state of things 
to the i)rejudice of another. — To take the advantage of, to 
use any advantage offered. — To take air, to be divulged 
or made public ; to be disclosed, as a secret. — To take the 
air, to expose one’s self to the open air. — To take a course, 
to begin a certain direction or way of proceeding. — To 
take leave, to bid adieu or farewell. — To take breath, to 
rest ; to be recruited or refreshed. — To take aim, to direct 
the eye ora weapon to a particular object. — To take along, 
to carry, lead or convey. — To take a way, to begin a par- 
ticular course or direction. 

TAKE, v.i. 1. To move or direct the course ; to resort to, 
or to attach one’s self ; to betake one’s self. 2. To please ; 
to gain reception. Addison. 3. To l)ave the intended or 
natural effect. 4. To catch ; to fix, or be fixed. 

To take after. 1. To learn to follow ; to copy ; to imitate. 
2. To resemble. — To take in «uf7/, to resort to. — To take 
for, to mistake ; to suppose or think one tiling to be an- 
other. — To take on. 1. To be violently affected. 2. To 
claim, as a character. — To take to. 1. To apply to ; to be 
fond of. 2. To resort to; to betake to. — To take up. 1. 
To stop ; 2. To reform ; — To take up with. 

1. To be contented to receive ; to receive without opposi- 
tion. 2. To lodge; to dwell; [obs.] — "To take with, to 
])lease. 

TaK'KX, (takn) pp. of take. Received; caught; appre- 
hended ; captivated, &c. 

TAK'Ell, 11 . 1. One that takes or receives ; one wlio catches 
or apprehends. 2. One that subdues and causes to sur- 
render. 

TaK IXG, ppr. 1. Receiving ; catching ; getting possession ; 
apprehending. 2. a. Alluring ; attracting. 

TaKMNG, 11 . 1. The act of gaining possession ; a seizing ; 
seizure ; apprehension. 2. Agitation ; distress of mind. 

TaK'IXG-NESS, 71. The quality of pleasing. Taylor. 

TAL-A-POL\', n. In Siam, a priest, or one devoted to re- 
ligion ; also, a species of monkey. 

TAL'BOT, 71. A sort of dog, noted for his quick scent and 
eager jiursuit of game. Johnson. 

TALC’, ) 11 . [G. talk, isinglass; talg, tallow; Sw. talk, 

TALGK, \ talg, tallow ; Dan. twig, talg, tallow, and talk, 
talgsteen, tallow-stone ; D. talk, tallow ; Port., f?p. talco.] 
A species of magnesian earth, consisting of broad, flat, 
smooth lamin.TB or plates, unctuous to the touch, of a shin- 
ing lustre, translucent, and often transparent. 

TAIiGK'ITR, 71 . A species of talck of a loose form. 

TALGK'OUS, a. Talcky. [But talcous or talckous is ill 
formed.] 

TALGK'Y, a. 1. Like talck ; consisting of talck. 2. Con- 
taining talck. 

TALE, 71 . LA story ; a narrative ; the rehearsal of a series 
of events or adventures, commonly some triflirig inci- 
dents ; or a fictitious narrative. 2. Oral relation. 3. 
Reckoning ; account set down. Ex. v. 4. Number reck- 
oned. 5. A telling ; information ; disclosure of any thing 


secret. — 6. In law, a count or declaration ; [oZis.] — 7. In 
commerce, a weight fqr gold and silver in China and other 
parts of the E. Indies ; also, a money of account. 

fTALE, 7)^ T. To tell stories. Gower. 

TaLE'BEaR-ER, 71. A person who officiously tells tales 
one who impertinently communicates intelligence or an- 
ecdotes, and makes mischief in society by his ofticious- 
ness. 

TaLE'BEaR-ING, a. Officiously communicating informa- 
tion. 

TaLE'BEaR-ING, n. The act of informing officiously ; 
communication of secrets maliciously. 

TaLE'FUL, a. Abounding with stories. Thomson. 

TAL'ENT, 77. [L. talcntum ; Gr. raXavrov.] 1. Among the 
ancients, a weight, and a coin. — 2. Talent, among the 
Hebrews, as a gold coin, was the same with a shekel of 
gold ; called, also, stater, and weighing only four 
drachmas. The Hebrew talent of silver, called char, 
wms equivalent to three thousand shekels, or one hundretl 
and thirteen pounds ten ounces and a fraction, troy 
weight. 3. Faculty ; natural gift or endowment ; a meta- 
])horical application of the word said to be borrowed from 
the t?criptural parable of the talents. Jtlatt. xxv. 4. Em- 
inent abilities ; superior gejiius. 5. Particular faculty ; 
skill. 6. [Sp. talante.] duality ; disposition. Swift. 

TAL'I']NT-ED, a. Furnished with talents ; possessing skill 
or talents. Ch. Spectator. 

Ta'LES, 71. [h. tails, plu. tales.] In law, tales dc circuvi- 
stantibus, spectators in court, from whom the sheritf is to 
select men to supply any defect of jurors who are impan- 
neled, but who may not appear, or may be challenged. 

TaLE'TEL-LER, 71. One who tells tales or stories. Guar- 
dian. 

TAL'I-ON, 71. Law of retaliation. Scott. 

TAIi-I-o'NlS. Lex talionis, [L.] in law, the law of retali- 
ation. See Retali ATE. 

TAL'IS-MAN, 71. [said to be Arabic or Persian.] 1. A 
magical figure cut or engraved under certain superstitious 
observances of the configuration of the heavens, to which 
wonderful effects are ascribed. 2. Something that pro- 
duces extraordinary effects. Swift. 

TAL-IS-MAN'IG, a. Magical ; having the properties of a 
talisman or preservative against evils. 

TALK, (tank) v. i. [Dan. talker ,* Sw. tolka ; D. tolken.'] 

1. To converse familiarly ; to speak, as in familiar dis- 
course, when two or more persons interchange thoughts. 

2. To prate ; to speak impertinently. 3. To talk of, to 
relate ; to tell ; to give account. 4. To speak ; to reason ; 
to confer. — To talk to, in familiar language, to advise or 
exhort ; or to reprove gently. 

TALK, (tank) n. 1. Familiar converse ; mutual discourse ; 
that which is uttered by one person in familiar conversa- 
tion, or the mutual converse of two or more. 2. Rejicrt ; 
rumor. 3. Subject of discourse. — 4. Among the Indians 
of ETorth America, a public conference, as resiiecting 
peace or war, negotiation and the like. 

TALIL A mineral. See Talck. 

TALK'A-T-IVE, (tauk'a-tiv) a. Given to much talking ; full 
of prate ; loquacious ; garrulous. 

TALK'A-TTVE-NESS, (tauk'a-tiv-nes) n. Loquacity ; gar- 
rulity ; the practice or habit of speaking much in conver- 
sation. Swift. 

TALK'ER, (tank er) n. 1. One who talks ; also, a loqua- 
cious person, male or female ; a prattler. 2. A boaster. 

TALK'ING, ftauk'ing) ppr. 1. Gon versing ; speaking in fa- 
liiiliar conversation. Matt. xvii. 2. a. Given to talking ; 
loquacious. Goldsmith. 

TALK'ING, (tauk'ing) n. The act of conversing familiarly. 

TALL, a. [W. tal ; talhu, to grow tall.'] L High in stature ; 
limg and comparatively slender; applied to a person, or to 
a standing tree, mast or pole. 2. Fturdy ; lusty ; bold ; 
[unusual.] 

TAL'LAGE, ) n. [Fr. tailler.] Anciently, a certain rate 

TAL'LI-AGE, ) or tax paid by barons, knights and infe- 
rior tenants, towards the public expenses. 

TAL'LAGE, v. t. To lay an impost. Bp. Ellis. 

TALL'NESS, 77. Height of stature. See Tall. 

TAL'LoVV, 77. [Dan.”tff/g ; D. talk ; G., 8w. talg.] A sort 
of animal fat, particularly that which is obtained from an- 
imals of the sheep and ox kinds. 

TAL'LoW, V. G 1. To grease or smear with tallow. 2. To 
fatten ; to cause to have a large quantity of tallow. 
Farmers. 

TAL'LdW-GAN-DLE, n. A candle made of tallow. 

TAL'LqW-GHaND'LER, 77. [Fr. chandelier.] One whose 
occupation is to make, or to make and sell, tallow-candles. 

TAL'LdWED, pp. 1. Greaised or smeared with tallow. 2. 
Made fat ; filled with tallow. 

TAL'LdW-ER, 77 . An animal disposed to form tallow in- 
ternally. Cvr. 

TAL'LoW-FaCED, a. Having a sickly complexion ; pale. 
Burton . 

TAIi'LdW-ING, ppr. 1. Greasing with tallow. 2. Causing 
to gather tallow ; a term in agriculture. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE , 


p,; UNITE. G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as ; n this, f Obsolete. 


TAM 


824 


TAN 


TAL'LoW-ING, n. TJie act, practice or art of causing ani- 
mals to gather tallow ; or the property in animals of form- 
ing tajlow internally j a term in agriculture. Cyc. 

TAL'LoVVMSH, a. Having the properties or nature of tal- 
low. 

TAL'LoW-Y, a. Greasy ; having the qualities of tallow. 

TAL'LY, 71. [Fr. tailler ; Foh. talhar ; Sp. tallar.] 1. A 
piece of wood on which notches or scores are cut, as the 
marks of number. 2. One thing made to suit another. 

TAL'LY, V. t. 1. To score with correspondent notches ,• to 
fit ; to suit ; to make to correspond. — 2. In seamanship^ to 
pull aft the sheets Or lower corners of the main and fore- 
sail. 

TAL'LY, V. i. To be fitted ; to suit ; to correspond. 

t TAL'LY, adB. Stoutly ; with spirit. Beaumont. 

TAL'LY-hVG, ppr. 1. Fitting to each other j making to cor- 
respond. 2. Agreeing corresponding. 3. Hauling aft 
the corners of the main and fore-sail. 

TAIVLY-MAJNT, n. 1. One who sells for weekly payment. 
2. One who keeps the tally, or marks the sticks. 

TAL'MUJ), n. [Ch.] The body of the Hebrew laws, tra- 
ditions and explanations j or the book that contains 
them. 

TAL’MU-DI€, I a. Pertaining to tlie Talmud ; contain- 

TAL-Mu'DI-€AL, ) ed in the Talmud 3 as, 7'almudic fa- 
bles. Knfield. 

TAL'MU-DfST, n. One versed in the Talmud. 

TAL-MU-D1ST'1€, a. Pertaining to the Talmud 3 resem- 
bling the Talmud. 

TAL'ON, n. [Fr., Sp. taZon.] 1. The claw of a fowl. Ba- 
con. — 2. In architecture^ a kind of rqolding, concave at 
the bottom, and conv'ex at the top. 

Ta'LUS, n. [L. talus.'l 1. In anatomy^ the astragalus, or 
that bone of tlie foot which is articulated to the leg. — 2. In 
architecture, a slope 3 tlie inclination of any work. — 3. In 
fortification, the slope of a work, as a bastion, rampart or 
parapet. 

Ta'IMA-BLE, a. That may be tamed 3 capable of being re- 
claimed from wildness or savage ferociousness 3 that may 
be subdued. 

Ta'MA-BLE-NESS, 71. The quality of being tamable. 

T AM' A-RIN, n. A small monkey of South America. 

TAM'A-RIND, n. [Sp. tamarindo ; Port. plu. tamarindos ; 
It. tamaHno, tamarindi ; Fr. tamarin.'] A tree, a native 
of the East Indies, and of Arabia and Egypt. 

TAM-'A-RIINHS, n. plu. The preserved seed-pods of the 
tamarind, which abound with an acid pulp. Cyc. 

TAM'A-RISK, n. A tree or shrub of the genus tamarix. 

TAM'BAG, n. A mixture of gold and copper. 

TAM'BOR, 7/. [Sp., Port, tambor ; It. tamburo.'] 1. A small 
drum, used by the Biscayans as an accompaniment to the 
flageolet. — 2. In architecture, a term applied to the Co- 
rinthian and Composite capitals, which bear some resem- 
blance to a drum. 3. A little box of timber work covered 
with a ceiling, within the porches of certain churches. 4. 
A round course of stones, several of which form the shaft 
of a pillar, not so high as a diameter. — 5. In the arts, a 
species of embroidery. 

TAM'BOR, V. t. To embroider with a tambor. 

TAM-BO-RINE', ) n. [Fr. tambourin ; Sp. ta?nboriI.] 1. A 

TAM'BO-RIN, ) small drum. 2. A lively French 
dance, formerly in vogue in operas. 

TAME, a. [Sax., Dan., D. tarn ; Sw. tarn, tamd.] 1. That 
lias lost its native wildness and shyness 3 mild 5 accus- 
tomed to man 3 domestic. 2. Crushed 5 subdued 3 de- 
pressed 3 spiritless. 3. Spiritless 3 unanimated. 

TAME, V. t. [Sax. tamian, getemian ; Goth, ga-tamyan ,• 
Dan. tcemmer j Sw. taviia ; D. tajnmen.] ]. To reclaim 3 
to reduce from a wild to a domestic state 3 to make gentle 
and familiar. 2. To civilize. 3. To subdue 3 to conquer 3 
to depress. 4. To subdue 3 to repress. 

TaMED, pp. Reclaimed from wildness 3 domesticated 3 
made gentle 3 subdued. 

TaME'LESS, a. Wild ; untamed ; untamable. [L. in] 

TaME'LY, ado. With unresisting submission 3 meanly 3 
servilely 3 without manifesting spirit. 

TaME'NESS, n. 1. The quality of being tame or gentle 3 a 
state of domestication. 2. Unresisting submission 3 mean- 
ness in bearing insults or injuries 5 want of spirit. 

TaM'ER, n. One that tames or subdues 3 one that reclaims 
from wildness. Pope. 

TaM'ING, ppr. Reclaiming from a will state 3 civilizing 3 
subduing. 

TAM'[-NY, or TA^PMY, n. A woolen stuff. Johnson. 

TAM'KIN, n. A stopper. Sec Tampion. 

TAM PER, 77 . t. 1. To meddle 3 to be busy 3 to try little 
experiments. 2. To meddle 5 to have to do with without 
fitness or necessity. 3. To deal 3 to practice secretly. 

TAM'PER-ING, ppr. Meddling 3 dealing 3 practicing se- 
cretly. 

TAM'PER-ING, n. The act of meddling or practicing se- 
cretly. 

TAMP'ING, 71. The matter that is driven into the hole bor- 
ed into any thing for blasting. 


TAM'PI-ON, or TOM'PI-ON, n. [Fr. tampon.] The stop- 
per of a cannon or other piece of ordnance. 

TAM'POE, 71. A fruit of the East Indies, somewhat resem- 
bling an apple. Cyc. 

TAM'TAM, 71. A large flat drum used by the Hindoos. 

TAI\% V. t. [Fr. tanner.] 1. In the arts, to convert animal 
ekins into leather. 2. To make brown 3 to imbrown by 
exposure to the rays of the sun. 

TAN, 71. The bark of the oak, &c., bruteed and broken by a 
mill, for tanning hides. 

TAN'-BED, 71. [tan and bed.] In gardening, a bed made of 
tan 3 a bark-bed. 

TAN'-PIT, 71. [tan and pit.] A bark-pit 3 a vat in which 
hides are laid in tan. 

TAN'-SPUD, 71. [tan and sytid.] An instrument for peeling 
the bark from oak and other trees. [Local.] 

TAN'-SToVE, 71. A hot-house with a bark -bed. 

TAN'-VAT, 71. [tan and vat.] A vat in which hides are 
steeped in liquor with tan. 

TANG, 71. [Gr. rayyoj ; It. tanfo.] I. A strong taste 3 par- 
ticularly, a taste of something extraneous to the thing it- 
self. 2. Relish 3 taste. 3. Something that leaves a sting 
or pain behind. 4. Sound 3 tone 3 [oZ» 6 -.] 

TANG, 71. [Su. Goth, tang.] A kind of sea-weed 3 called, 
in some places, tangle. Bp. Richardson. 

t TANG, V. i. To ring with. Shak. 

TAN'GENT, n. [Fr. tangente ; L. tangens.] In geometry, a 
right line which touches a curve, but which, when pro- 
duced, does not cut it. 

TAN-Gl-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being perceptible to 
the touch or sense of feeling. 

TAN'Gl-BLE, a. [from L. tango.] 1. Perceptible by the 
touch 5 tactile. 2. That may be possessed or realized. 

TAN'GLE, V. t. 1. To implicate 5 to unite or knit together 
confusedly ; to interweave or interlock, as threads, so as 
to make it difficult to ravel the knot. 2. To insnare 3 to 
entrap. 3. To embroil 3 to embarrass. 

TAN'GLE, V. i. To be entangled or united confusedly. 

TAN'GLE, 71. A knot of threads or other things united con- 
fusedly, or so interwoven as not to be easily disengaged. 
2. A kind of sea-weed. 

TAN'IST, 71. [Gaelic, tanaiste.] Among the descendants of 
the Celts, in Ireland, a lord, or the proprietor of a tract of 
land ; a governor or captain. 

TAN'IST-RY, 71. [Gaelic, tanaisteachd.] In Ireland, a 
tenure of lands by which the proprietor had only a life 
estate. 

TANK, 71. [Fr. etang ; Sp. estanque; Port, tanque i Sans. 
tanghi ; Japan, tange.] A large basin or cistern 3 a reser- 
voir of water. Dryden. 

TANK'ARD, n. [Ir. iancairdj Gaelic, tancard.] A large 
vessel for liquors, or a drinking vessel, v/ith a cover. 

TANK'ARD-TUR-NEP, n. A sort of turnep. 

TAN'LTNG, n. One tanned by the heat of the sun. 

TANNED, pp. [from tan.] 1. Converted into leather. 2. 
Darkened by the rays of the sun. 

TAN'NER, 71. One whose occupation is to tan hides, or 
convert them into leather by the use of tan. 

TAN'NER-Y, 71. The house and apparatus for tanning. 

TAN'NI-ERS, 71. An esculent root. 

TAN'NIN, 71. The chemical name of that astringent sub- 
stance contained in vegetables, particularly in the bark of 
the oak and chestnut, and in gall-nuts 3 the substance 
used to change raw Jiides into leather. 

TAN'NING, ppr. Converting raw hides into leather. 

TAN'NING, 71. The practice, operation and art of convert- 
ing the raw hides of animals into leather by the use 
of tan. 

TAN'REC, 71. A quadruped of the Indies. 

TAN'SY, 71. [Fr. tanaisie ; It., Sp. tanaceto ; L. tanneetum .] 
A plant of the genus tanaceturn, of many species. Cyc. 

TANT, 71. A small spider with two eyes and eight long 
legs, and of an elegant scarlet color. Cyc. 

TAN'TA-LISM, n. The punishment of Tantalus 3 a teas- 
ing or tormenting by the hope or near approach of good 
which is not attainable. J. Quincy. 

TAN'TA-LITE, 71. The ore of tantalum or columbium. 

TAN-TA-IjI-Za'TION, 71. The act of tantalizing. 

TAN'TA-LiZE, v. t. [from Tantalus, in fable, who W’as 
condemned for his crimes to perpetual hunger and thirst, 
with food and water near him which he could not reach.] 
To tease or torment by presenting some good to the view, 
and exciting desire, but continually frustrating the ex- 
pectations by keeping that good out of reach 3 to tease 3 to 
torment. Dryden. 

TAN'TA-LiZED, pp. Teased or tormented by the disap- 
pointment of the hope of good. 

TAN'TA-LiZ-ER, n. One that tantalizes. 

TAN'TA-LTZ-ING, ppr. Teasing or tormenting by present- 
ing to the view some unattainable good. 

TAN'TA-LUM, n. Columbium, the metal obtained from 
tantalite, newly discovered. Thomson. 

TANT'A -MOUNT, a. [L. tantus, and amount.] Equal 3 
equivalent in value or signification. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT 5 — PREY 3 — PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3 — f Obsolete. 


TAR 


825 


TAR 


TAN*TIV-Y, adv. [said to be from the note of a hunting- 
horn ; L. tanta vi.] To ride tantivy^ is to ride with great 
speed. Johnson. • 

TAAT'LING, ». [.See Tantalize.] One seized with the 
liope of pleasure unattainable. Shak. 

TAiN'TllOMS, n. pin. Whims ; freaks 3 bursts of ill-humor 3 
affected airs. A colloquial term. 

TAP, V. t. [Fr. taper ; Dan. tapper.] To strike with some- 
thing small, or to strike a very gentle blow 3 to touch 
gently. 

TAP, V. i. To strike a gentle blow 3 as, he tapped at the 
door. 

, TAP, V. t. [Sax. ta^ppan ; Sw. tappa ,* Dan. tapper f D. tap- 
pen.] 1 . To pierce or broach a cask, and insert a tap. 2 . 
To open a cask and draw liquor. 3 . To pierce for letting 
out a fluid. 4 . To box, or bore into. 

TAP, n. 1 . A gentle blow ; a slight blow with a small 
thing. 2 . A spile or pipe for drawing liquor from a cask. 
TAPE, n. [Sax. tisppe.] A narrow fillet or band 3 a narrow 
piece of woven work, used for strings and tlie like. 
Ta'PER, H. [Sax. taper, tapar.] A small wax candle 3 a 
small lighted wax candle, or a small light. 

Ta per, a. [supposed to be from the form of a taper.] Reg- 
ularly narrowed towards the point 3 becoming small to- 
wards one end 5 conical 5 pyramidical. 

Ta'PER, V. i. To diminish or become gradually smaller to- 
wards one end. 

Ta'PER, V. t. To make gradually smaller in diameter. 
Ta'PER-ING, ppr. 1. Making gradually smaller. 2 . a. 
Becoming regularly smaller in diameter towards one end 3 
gradually diminishing towards a point. 

Ta'PER-NESS, n. The state of being taper. 

* TAP'ES-TR Y, 71 . [Fr. tapis, tapisserie ; L. tapes.] A kind 
of woven hangings of wool and silk, often enriched with 
gold and silver, representing figures of men, animals, 
landscapes, &.c. Cyc. 

Ta'PET, 71 . Worked or figured stuff. Spenser. 

TAPETI, n. An American animal of the hare kind. 
TaPE'-VVoRM, 77. [tape and worm.] A worm bred in the 
human intestines or bowels. 

TAP'-HOtrSE, 71 . A house where liquors are retailed. 
Ta'PIR, n. A quadruped of S. America, about 6 feet long 
and high, resembling a hog in shape. 

Ta'PIS, V,. [Fr.] Tapestry. — Uq^on the tapis, \indei consid- 
eration, or on the table. 

TAPPED, pp. Broached 5 opened. 

TAP'PING, ppr. Broaching 3 opening for the discharge of a 
fluid. 

TAP'-ROOT, n. The main root of a plant. 

TAP STER, n. One whose business is to draw liquor. 

TaR, 71 . [Sax. tare, tyr, tyrioa ; D.teer; G. theer.] 1 . A 
thick, resinous substance, of a dark-brown or black color, 
obtained ^rom pine and fir-trees, by burning the wood 
with a close, smothering heat. 2 . A sailor, so ca.’*ed from 
his tarred clothes. 

TaR, V. t. 1 . To smear with tar 5 as, to tar ropes. 2 . [Sax. 

tiran, tyrian.] To tease 3 to provoke 3 [0&5.] Shah. 
TA-RABE^, 77. A large parrot with a red head. Cyc. 
TA-RANT'U-LA, n. [It. tarantella.] A species of spider, 
the aranea tarantula, a venomous insect. 
TA-RANT'U~LATE, v. t. To excite or govern emotions by 
music. 

TAR'A-dUI-RA, 71 . A species of American lizard, 
t TAR-Da'TION, 77. [L. tardo.] The act of retarding. 
TAR'DI-GRADE, or TAR'DI-GRA-DOUS, a. [L. tardi- 
sradns.] Slow-paced ; moving or stepping slowly. 
TAR'DI-GRADE, n. The tardi^rades are a genus of eden- 
tate quadrupeds, including the genus bradypus. 
TAR'DI-LY, adv. Slowly 3 with slow pace or motion. 
TAPi-'DI-NESS, 77. 1 . Slowness, or the slowness of motion 
or pace. 2 . Unwillingness 3 reluctance manifested by 
slowness. 3 . Lateness. 

t TaR'DI-TY, 77. [h. tarditas.] Slowness 5 tardiness. 
TAR'DY, a. [Fr. tardif; Sp., It. tardo, from L. tardus.] 1 . 
Slow 3 with a slow pace or motion. 2 . Late; dilatory 3 
not being in season. 3 . Slow 3 impljdng reluctance. 4 . 
Unwary 3 [o&.<?.] 5 . Criminal 3 [o&.v.] 

t TAR'DY, 75. i. [Fr. tarder.] To delay. 

TAR'DY-GAIT-ED, a. [tardy and gait.] Slow-paced 3 
having a slow step or pace. Clifton^ 

TARE, 77.. ]. A weed that grows among corn. — 2 . In TZirrt- 
culture, a plant of the vetch kind, much cultivated in 
England for fodder. Cyc. 

TARE, 71 . [Fr. tare ; It., Sp. tai-a ; D. tm'ra.] In commerce, 
the allowance or abatement of a certain weight or quan- 
tity from the weight or quantity of a commodit)^ sold in a 
cask, chest, bag, or the like, which the seller makes to 
the buyer on account of the weight of such cask, chest or 
-bag 3 or the abatement may be on the price of the com- 
modity sold. 

TARE, V. t. To ascertain or mark the amount of tare, 
t TARE, old prct. of tear. We now use tore. 

TaRED, pp. Having the tare ascertained and marked. 

I TARGE, for target. Spenser. 


TAR'GET, 71. [Sax. targ, targa ; Fr. targe ; It. tartra.] 1 , 
A shield or buckler of a small kind, used £is a defensive 
weapon in war. 2 . A mark for the artillery to fire at in 
their practice. 

TAR'GET-ED, a. Furnished or armed with a target. 

TAR-GET-EER', n. One armed with a target. Chapman. 

TAR'GUM, n. [Ch. DDIH targum, interpretation.] A trans- 
lation or paraphrase of the sacred Scriptures in the Chal- 
dee language or dialect. 

TAR'GUM-IST, n. The \vriter of a targum. Parkhurst. 

TAR'IFF, j n. [Fr. tarif; It. tariffa Sp. tarifa.] ]. Prop- 

TAR'IF, ) erly, a list or table of goods with the duties or 
customs to be paid for the same. 2 . A list or table of du- 
ties or customs to be paid on goods imported or exported. 

TAR'IFF, V. t. To make a list of duties on goods. 

TAR'IN, 77. A bird of the germs frin gill a. 

TaR'ING, ppr. Ascertaining or marking the amount of 
tare. 

TARX, 71. [Ice. tiorn.] A bog 3 a marsh 3 a fen. 

TARN'ISII, V. t. [Fr. ternir, ternissant.] 1 . To sully 3 to 
soil by an alteration induced by the air, or by dust and 
the like 3 to diminish or destroy lustre. 2 . To diminish 
or destroy the purity oL 

TARN'ISII, V. i. To lose lustre 3 to become dull. 

TARN'ISIIED, pp. Sullied 3 having lost its brightness by 
oxydation, or by some alteration induced by exposure to 
air, dust, and the like. 

TARN'ISH-ING, j7pr. Sullying 3 losing brightness. 

TAR-PAU'LIN, 71 . 1. A piece of canvas well daubed with 
tar, and used to cover the hatchways of a ship to prevent 
rain or water from entering the hold. 2 . A sailor 3 in con- 
tempt. 

TAR'RACE, TAR'RASS, TER'RASS, or TRASS, 77. A 
volcanic earth, resembling piizzolana, used as a cement ; 
or a coarse sort of {ilaster or mortar, durable in water, and 
used to line cisterns and other reservoirs of water. 

TAR'RA-GON, n. A plant of the genus artemisia, celebra- 
ted for perfuming vinegar in France. 

TARRED, pp. Smeared with tar. 

t TAR'RI-ANCE, 71 . A tarrying 3 delay 3 lateness. 

TAR'RI-ER, 71. 1. A dog 3 [sec Terrier.] 2 . [from tar- 
ry.] One who tarries or delays. 

TAR'RING, ppr. Smearing witli tar. Shak. 

TAR'ROCK, n. A sea-fowi of the genus larus. 

TAR'RY, V. i. [W. tariarc.] 1 . To stay; to abide 3 to 
continue 3 to lodge. 2 . To stay behind. Ex. xii. 3 . To 
stay in expectation ; to wait. 4 . To delay 3 to put off go- 
ing or coming 3 to defer. Gen. xl v. 5 . To remain 3 to stay. 

t TAR'RY, V. t. To wait for. Shak. 

TAR'RY, a. [from tar.] Consisting of tar, or like tar. 

TARRY-ING, ppr. Staying; delaying. 

TAR'RY-LNG, 77. Delay. Ps. xl. 

TAR'SEL, 71. A kind of hawk. Shak. 

TAR'SUS, 71 . [Gr. rapaog ; Fr. tarse.] That part of the foot 
to which the leg is articulated, the fi-ont of which is called 
the instep. Crjc. 

TART, a. [Sax. teart; I), taartig.] 1 . Acid 3 sharp to the 
taste 3 acidulous. 2 . Sharp 3 keen 3 severe. 

TART, 71 . [G.taart', Sw. tart; Fr. tarte : It. torta ; G. 
torte.] A species of pie or pastry, consisting of fruit baked 
on paste. 

TAR'TAN, 71. [Sp., It. tarta7ia.] A small coasting vessel. 

TAR'TAR, 71. [Fr. tartre ; Sp. tartaro ; from tart.] 1. 
An acid, concrete salt, formed from wines completely 
fermented, and adhering to the sides of the casks in the 
form of a hard crust. 2 . A person of a keen, irritable 
temper. 3 . A native of Tartary. 

t TAR'TAR, 77. [L. Tartarus.] Hell. Shak. 

TAR-Ta'RE-AN, \a. Hellish 3 pertaining to Tartarus. 

TAR- 7 "a'RE-OUS, i Milton. 

TAR-Ta'-RE-OUS, 77. Consisting of tartar; resembling tar- 
tar, or partaking of its properties. Greic. 

TAR-TAR'IC, or TAR-Ta'RE-AN, a. Pertaining to Tar- 
tary in Asia. — Tartaric acid, the acid of tartar. 

TAR'TA-RIN, 71 . Fixed vegetable alkali or potash. 

TAR'TA-RI-N. 4 .-TED, a. Combined with tartarin. 

TAR-TAR-I-Za'TION, 71 . The act of forming tartar. Eih- 
lioth. Bib. 

TAR'TAR-TZE, V. t. To impregnate with tartar 3 to refine 
by means of the salt of tartar. Cyc. 

TAR'TAR-IZED, pp. Impregnated with tartar 3 refined by 
tartar. 

TAR'TAR-IZ-ING, ppr. Impregnating with tartar. 

TAR'TAR-OUS, a. Containing tartar 3 consisting of tar- 
tar, or partaking of its qualities. 

TAR'TA-RUM, 71. A preparation of tartar, called petrified 
tartar. Cyc. 

TART'ISH, a. [from t77?-t.] Somewhat tart. 

TART'LY, adv. 1 . Sharply 3 with acidity. 2 . Sharply, 
with poignancy 3 severely. 3 . With sourness of aspect. 

TART'NESS, 77.. 1 . Acidity 3 sharpness to the taste. 2 . 
Sharpness of language or manner 3 poignancy 3 keenness'; 
severity. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE 3— BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SU 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


TAT 


826 


TAX 


TaR*TRATE, ) n. A salt formed by the combination of 

TaR'TRITE, I tartarous or tartaric acid witli a base. 

t'rAR'TUF-FISU, a. [Fr. tartaf^c.] Precise; formal. 

1’aR'-\VA-TER, n. A cold infusion of tar. Cyc. 

Task, ». [Fr. tackc ; VV. tasg ; Gaelic, Ir. tasg ; It. tassa.] 
1. business imposed by another, often a definite quantity 
or amount of labor, Business ; employment, il. Bur- 
densome employment.— To take to tadky to reprove; to 
reprimand. Addisun. 

TASK, 0 . t. [W. tasgu.'] 1. To impose a task ; to assign 
to one a definite amount of business or labor. 2. To bur- 
den with some employment ; to require to perform. 

TASKED, pp. Required to perform something. 

TASK'ER, n. One that imposes a task. 

TASK'ING, ppr. Imposing a task on ; requiring to perform. 

TASK'MAS-TER, n. 1. One who imposes a task, or bur- 
dens with labor. 2. One whose office is to assign tasks 
to others. 

* TAS'SEL, n. [VV. hisel ; It. tassello.] 1. A sort of pend- 
ant ornament, attaclied to the corners of cushions, to cur- 
tains and the like, ending in loose threads. 2. A small 
ribbon of silk, sewed to a book, to be put between the 
leaves. — 3. In buildingy tassels are the pieces of boards 
tliat lie under the mantle-tree. 4. A burr ; [see Teasel.] 

5. A male hawk ; properly, terzol, It. terinolo. 

TAS'SELED, a. Furnished or adorned with tassels. 

TAS^SES, n. plu. Armor for the thighs. 

TaST'A-BLE, a. That may be tristed ; savory ; relishing. 

TASTE, V. t. [Fr. tdter ; It. tastare ; Norm taster ; G., D. 

tasten,'^ 1. 'J’o perceive by means of the tongue ; to have 
a certain sensation in consequence of sornetliing applied 
to the tongue. 2. To try tlie relish of by the perception 
of the organs of taste. 3. To try by eating a little ; or to 
eat a little. 4. To essay first. 5. To have pleasure from. 

6. To experience ; to feel ; to undergo. 7. To relish in- 
tellectually ; to enjoy. 8. To experience by sliedding, as 
blood. 

TASTE, V. i. 1. To try by the mouth ; to eat or drink ; or 
to eat or drink a little only. 2. To have a smack ; to ex- 
cite a ])articular sensation, by which the quality or flavor 
is distinguished. 3. To distinguish intellectually. 4. To 
try the relish of any thing. 5. To be tinctured ; to have 
a particular quality' or character. 6. To experience ; to 
have perception of. 7. To take to be enjoyed. 8. To 
enjoy sparingly. 9. To have the experience or enjoy- 
ment of. 

TASTE, n. 1. The act of tasting ; gustation. 2. A j)artic- 
ular sensation excited in an animal by the application of a 
substance to the tongue, the proper organ. 3. The sense 
by which we perceive tlie relish of a thing. 4. Intellect- 
ual relish. 5. Judgment; discernment; nice perception, 
or the power of perceiving and relishing excellence in hu- 
man performances ; the faculty of discerning beauty, or- 
der, congruity, proportion, symmetry, or whatever con- 
stitutes excellence, particulady in the fine arts and belles 
lettres. 6. Style ; manner, with respect to what is pleas- 
ing. 7. Essay; trial; experiment; [ohs.] 8. A small 
portion given as a specimen. 9. A bit ; a little piece 
tasted or eaten. 

TAST'El), pp. Perceived by the organs of taste ; experi- 
enced. 

TASTE'FIJL, a. 1. Having a high relish. Pope. 2. Having 
good taste. 

TASTE'FUL-LA^ adv. With good taste. 

TaSTE'LESS, a. 1. Having no taste ; insipid. 2. Having 
no power of giving pleasure. 3. Having no power to per- 
ceive taste ; [ofes.] 4. Having no intellectual gust ; [/. «.] 

TaSTE'LESS-NESS, n. 1. \Vant of taste or relish ; insip- 
idness. 2. Want of perception of taste ; [o6s.] 3. Want 

of intellectual relish ; [oi>s.] 

TaST'ER, n. 1. One who tastes. 2. One who first tastes 
food or liquor. Drtjden. 3. A dram-cup. 

TaST'I-LY, adv. With good taste. 

TASTING, ppr. 1. Perceiving by the tongue. 2. Trying; 
experiencing ; enjoying or suffering. 

TAS'f'ING, 77. ]. The act of perceiving by the tongue. 2. 
The sense by which we perceive or distinguish savors. 

TAST'Y, a. 1. Having a good taste, or nice perception of 
excellence. 2. Being in conformity to the princi[)les of 
good taste ; elegant. 

TAT'TER, V. t. [qu. Sax. totteran.'] To rend or tear into 
rags. [J\7yt usedy except in the participle.] 

TA'i'^'l’ER, 77. A rag, or a part torn and hanging to the 
thing ; chiefly used in the plural, tatters. 

'^TAI’-TER-DE-MAL'ION, 77. A ragged fellow. L’Estr. 

TATTERED, pp. or a. Rent ; torn; hanging in rags. 

TAT'J'LE, V. i, [D. tateren ; It. tattamcUare.] 1. To 
prate ; to talk idly ; to use many words with little niean- 
i7ig. 2. To tell tales ; to communicate secrets. 

TATTLE, 71 . Prate ; idle talk or chat ; trifling talk. 

TA'P'^riiER, 71. One who tattles ; an idle talker; one that 

1 1 S 0S 

TAT'TLING, ppr. 1. Talking idly ; telling tales. 2. a. 
Given to idle talk ; apt to tell tales. 


TAT-TOO', 77. A beat of drum at night, giving notice ta 
soldiers to retreat, or to repai*' to their quarters. Cyc. 

TAT-TOO',* t. [In the 8outh 8ea isles.] 'J'o prick the 
skin, and stain the j)unctured si)ots with a black sub- 
stance, forming lines and figures upon the body. 

TAT-TOO', 77, Figures tm the body, made by punctures 
and stains in lines and figures. 

I’AT-TOO'ED, (tat-tood') pp. Marked by stained lines and 
figures on the body. 

TAT-TOO'ING, pp/'. Marking with various figures by stain- 
ed lines. 

TAU, 77. 1. The tcad-fish of Carolina. 2. A species of 
beetle ; also, a species of moth ; also, a kind of fiy. 

TAUGHT, (tawt) a. Stretched; not slack. Mar. Viet. 

TAUGHT, (tawt) pret. and pp. of teach. 

^'j'AUNT, tj. t. [qu. Fr. tancer ; W. tantiaw.] 1. To re- 
proach with severe or insulting words ; to revile ; to up- 
braid. 2. To exprobrate ; to censure. 

* TAUNT, n. Upbraiding words; bitter or sarcastic re- 
proach ; insulting invective. 

*Ta UNT'ED, pp. Upbraided with sarcastic or severe 
words. 

* TAUNT'ER, 71. One who taunts, reproaches, or upbraids 
with sarcastic or censorious refiections. 

* 3'AUNTdNG, ppr. Treating with severe reflections. 

* TAUNT'ING-LY, adv. With bitter and sarcastic words j 
insultingly; scoflingly. 

TA UR l-CORN-OUS, a. [L. taiu-us and coi'iiu.] Having 
horns like a bull. Brown. 

TAUR'I-FORM, a. [L. ta7iru5, a bull, and form.] Having 
the form of a bull. Faber. 

TAUR'US, 77. [L.] The Bull ; one of the twelve signs of 
the zodiac, and the second in order. 

TAU-TO-LOG'IC, \ a. Repeating the same thing ; hav- 

7’AU-TO LOG'I-CAL, | ing the same signification. 

TAU-TOL'O-GIST, 77. One who uses diiferent words or 
phrases in succession to express the same sense. 

TAU-TOL'O-GIZE, v. i. To repeat the same thing in differ- 
ent words. 

TAU-TOL O-GY, 77. [Gr. ravro'Xoyia.] A repetition of the 
same meaning in different words ; needless repetition of a 
thing in different words or phrases. 

TAU-TOPH'O-N Y, 77. A successive repetition of the same 
sound. 

TAV'ERN, 77. [Fr. taverne ; W. tavam ; L. taherna.] A 
house licensed to sell liquors in small quantities, to be drank 
on the spot. — Inso777 e of the United Siatesy taverii is synon- 
ymous with 777 77 or hotely and denotes a house for the en- 
tertainment of travelers, as w’ell as for the sale of liquors. 

TAV'ERN-ER, or TAV'ERN-KEEP-ER, n. One who 
keeps a tavern. 

TAV'ERN-HAUNT-ER, t?. One who frequents taverns. 

TAV'ERN-ING, n. A feasting at taverns. Jlall. 

I TAV'ERN-MAN, 77 . [tavern and man.] 1. The keeper 
of a tavern. 2. A tippler. 

TAW, V. t. [Sax. tawian ; D. touwen.] To dress white 
leather 01 alum leather for gloves, &.c. Cijc. 

TAW, 77 . A marble to be played w'ith. Swift. 

TAW'DRI-LY, adv. In a tawdry manner. 

TAW'UR[-NE.SS, 77 . Tinsel in dress; excessive finery; 

ostentatious finery wfithout elegance. 

TAW'DRY, a. Very fine and showy in colors without 
taste or elegance ; having an excess of showy ornaments 
without grace. 

TxVW'DRY, 77 . A slight ornament. Drayton. 

TAWED, pp. Dressed and made white, as leather. 

TAW'ER, 77 . A dresser of white leather. 

TAVV'LNG, ppr. Dressing, as white leather. 

TAWMNG, 77 . The art and operation of preparing skins 
and forming them into white leather. 

TAW'NY, a. [Fr. tanne.] Of a yellowish-dark color, like 
things tanned or persons w’ho are sun-burnt. Addison. 

TAX, 77 . [Fr. taxe ; Sp. tasa , It. tassa ; from L. taro, to 
tax.] 1. A rate or sum of money assessed on the person 
or property of a citizen by government, for the use of the 
niition or state. 2. A sum imposed on the persons and 
property of citizens to defray the expenses of a corpora- 
tio!i, society, parish or company. 3. That which is im- 
posed ; a burden. 4. Charge ; censure. 5. Task. 

TAX, V. t. [L. taxo ; Fr. taxer ; It. ta^st/re.] 1. To lay, im- 
pose or assess upon citizens a certain sum. 2. To load 
with a burden or burdens. 3. To assess, fix or determine 
judicially. 4. To charge ; to censure ; to accuse. 

TAX'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be taxed ; liable by law* to 
the assessment of taxes. 2. That may be legally charged 
by a court against the plaintiff or defendant in a suit. 

TAX-a'TION, 77 . [Fr. ; L. taxatio.] 1. A taxing ; the act 
of laying a tax. 2. Tax ; sum imposed ; [little used.] 3. 
Charge ; accusation ; [little used.] 4. The act of taxing 
or assessing a bill of cost. 

TAXED, pp. Rated; assessed; accused. 

3'AX'ER, 77 . 1. One w'ho taxes. — 2. In Cambridgey Eng- 
landy two officers chosen yearly to see the true gauge of 
weights and measures observed. 


TEA 


827 


TEE 


TAX'f-ARCH, n. [Gr. ra^iap^vi'] -An Athenian military 
officer commanding a taxis or battalion. Jlitford. 

TAX'I-DEIl-M Y, 71. [Gr. ra^tg and dep[xa.] The art of pre- 
paring and preserving specimens of animals. 

TAX'ING, ppr. Imposing a tax ; assessing ; accusing. 

TAX ING, n. The act of laying a tax ; taxation. 

TAX-ON'O-MY, ?/. [Gr. ra|£j and vopog.] Classification ; a 
term used by a French author to denote the classification 
of plants. 

TkA, 77. [Chinese, tcha, or tha ; Grosier. Russ, tshai ; Sp. 
te ; It. te ; Fr. the.] 1. 'i’iie leaves of the tea-tree ;is dried 
and imported. 2. A decoction or infusion of tea-leaves in 
boiling water. 3. Any infusion or decoction of vegeta- 
bles j as, sage tea, &c. 

TkA'-BoARD, n. [tea and board.] A board to put tea fur- 
niture on. 

TkA'-CAN-IS-TER, V. [tea and canister.] A canister or 
box in which tea is kept. 

TkA'-CUP, n. A small cup in which tea is drank. 

7T<:A'-DR[NK-ER, V. One who drinks much lea. 

TkA'-PLANT, 77. The tea-tree. 

TeA'-POT, 77. A vessel with a spout, in which tea is 
made, and from which it is poured into tea-cups. 

TeA'-I:?AU-CER, 77. [tea and saucer.] A small saucer in 
which'a tea-cup is set. 

TeA'-SPOON, 77. [tea and spoon.] A small spoon used in 
drinking tea and coffee. 

TkA'-Ta-BLE, 77. [tea and table.] A table on which tea 
furniture is set, or at which tea is drank. 

TkA'-TREE, 77. [tea and tree.] The tree or plant that 
produces the leaves which are imported and called tea. 

TkACII, V. t. ; pret. and pp. taught. [Sax. tcecan ; L. do- 
cco ; Ir. deaehtaim ; Gaelic, deaclidam.] 1. To instruct; 
to inform ; to communicate to another the knowledge of 
that of which he was before ignorant. 2. To deliver any 
doctrine, art, principles or words for instruction. 3. 'I'o 
tell ; to give intelligence. 4. To instruct, or to practice 
the business of an instructor ; to use or follow the employ- 
ment of a preceptor. 5. To show ; to exiiibit so as to im- 
press on the mind. 6. To accustom ; to make familiar. 
7. To inform or admonish ; to give previous notice to. 8. 
To suggest to the mind. 9. To signify or give notice. 
^0. To counsel and direct. Hah. ii. 

Teach, v. L To practice giving instruction ; to perform 
the business of a preceptor. 

TeACH, 77. [Ir., (jlaelic, teagham.] In sugar works, the 
l_ast boiler. Edwards, V/. Indies. 

TeACIPA-BLE, a. That may be taught ; apt to learn ; also, 
readily receiving instruction ; docile. Watts. 

TeACH'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of being capable of 
receiving instruction ; more generally, a willingness or 
readiness to be informed and instructed ; docility ; apt- 
ness to learn. 

TeACH'ER, 77. 1. One w'ho teaches or instructs. 2. An 
instructor ; a precej)tor ; a tutor. 3. One who instructs 
others in religion ; a preacher : a minister of the gospel. 
4. One who i>reaches without regular ordination. 

TeACH'ING, / 7j?r. Instructing; informing. 

TeACH'ING, 77. 1. The act or business of instructing. 2. 
lii^struction. 

f TE/'D, or [TEDE, 77. [L. tceda.] A torch ; a flambeau. 
Spevser. 

TeAGUE, (teeg) n. An Irishman ; in contempt. Johnson. 

TeAK, or TEEK, n. A tree of the East Indies, which fur- 
nislies an abundance of ship-timber. 

Teal, 77. [D. tallng.] An aquatic fowl of the genus anas, 
the smallest of the duck kind. Cyc. 

Team, 77 . [Sax. /‘,C77777, offspring.] 1. Two or more horses, 
oxen or other beasts harnessed together to the same vehi- 
cle for drawing. 2. Any number passing in a line ; a long 
fine. • Drydcn. 

r. t. To join together in a team. Spenser. 

TeAM'STER, 77. [team and stcr.] One who drives a 
team. 

Ti>AM'-W6RK, 77. [temn and work.] Work done by a 
team, as distinguished from personal labor. Jfew England. 

Tear, 77 . [Gaelic, dear, dear; Goth, contracted in 

Sax. tear.] 1. Tears are the limpid fluid secreted by the 
lacrymal gland, and appearing in the eyes, or flowing 
from them. 2. Something in tlie form of a transparent 
drop of fluid niatter. 

TEAR, V. t. ; pret. tore ; pp. to?-77 ; old pret. tare, ohs. [Sax. 
t.eran ; Russ, derii ; Sw. tara ; Dan. twrer D. tcerev ; G. 
zchren.] J. To separate by violence or pulling ; to rend ; 
to lacerate. 2. 'I’o wound ; to lacerate. 3. To rend ; to 
break ; to form fissures by any violence. 4. To divide 

^ by violent measures; to shatter ; to rend. 5. To pull 
, with violence. 6. To remove by violence ; to break up. 
7. To make a violent rent. — To 'tcar from, to separate and 
take away by force. — To tear off, to pull off by violence ; 
to strip. — To tear oat, to pull or dniw oUt by violence. — 
To tear up, to rip up ; to remove from a fixed state by 
violence. 


TEAR, V. i. To rave ; to rage ; to rant ; to move and act 
with turbulent violence ; as a mad bull. L^Estrange. 

TEaR, 77. A rent ; a fissureyj^[L?’tGe used.] 

TEaR'ER) 77. 1. One who leai-s or rends any things 2* 
One that rages or raves witJi violence. 

TeAR'-FALL-ING, a. Shedding tears ; tender. 

TeAR'FIJL, a. [tear and full.] Abounding with tears j 
weeping ; shedding tears ; as, tearful eyes. Shak. 

TEaRMNG, / 7j77*. Rendi.ig; pulling apart ; lacerating. 

TF.AR'LEfcfcS, a. Shedding no tears ; without tears ; unfeel- 
i_ng. Sandys. 

Tease, 77. t. [Sax. t7®sa77,.] 1. To comb or card, as wool or 
flax. 2. 'I’o scratch, as cloth in dressing, for llie purpose 
of raising a nap. 3. To vex with importunity or imperti- 
nence ; to liarass, annoy, disturb or irritate by petty re- 
quests, or by jests and raillery. 

TeA.S'ED, 1* Carded. 2. Vexed ; irritated or an- 
noyed. 

TeAS'EL, 77. [Sax.£7C6/.] 1. A plant of the genus (f7^sac7f5. 
2. The burr of the plant. 

TeAS'EL-ER, 77. One who uses the teasel for raising a nap 
on cloth. Kelhani. 

TeAS'ER, 77. One that teases or vexes. 

TeAS'ING, ppr. Combing; carding; scratching for the 
purpose of raising a nap ; vexing. 

TeAT, i 77. [Sax. tit, titf, as it is usually pronounced to 

TIT, I this day ; G. zitze ; 1). tet ; W. t^th ; Corn, titi.] 
Tlie projecting i)art of the female breast ; the dug of u 
beast ; the pa|) of a woman ; the nipple. 

TeATIIE, 77. I’he soil or fertility left on lands by feeding 
riiem. [Local.] 

TiiiATHE, V. t. To feed and enrich by live stock. [Local.] 

TECH'I-LY, ado. [from techy, so written for t.:uchy.] 
Peevishly ; fretfully ; frowardly. 

TECIPI-NESS, 77. Peevishness ; fretfulness. Ep. Hall. 

TEOIPNIO, )a. [L. technicus.] 1. Pertaining to art or 

TECIPNI-CAL, i the arts. — A technical word is a word 
that belongs properly or exclusively to an art. 2. Belong- 
ing to a particular profession. 

TE€H'NI-€AL-LY, ado. In a technical manner ; accord- 
ing to the signification of terms of art. 

TE€H'NI-€AL-NESS, or TECH-NI-CAL'I-TA", 77 . The 
quality or state of being technical. Forster. 

TECH'NTGS, 11 . The doctrine of arts in general ; such 
branches of learning as respect the arts. 

TECH-NO-LOG'1-CAL, a. J. Pertaining to technology. 
Beddoes. 2. Pertaining to the arts. 

TE€H-N0L'0-G!&T, 77. One who discourses or treats of 
arts, or of the terms of art. 

TECH-NOL'O-GY, 77. [Gr. re^yr] and Xoyo?.] 1. A descrip- 
tion of arts ; or a treatise oil the arts. 2. An explanation 
of the terms of the arts. Crabbt. 

TECFPY, a. [so written for tmichy.] Peevish ; fretful ; irri- 
table. [More correctly, touchy.] Shak. 

TEC-TONTC, a. [Gr. rcTcroi^iTco?.] Pertaining to building. 

TED, V. t. [W. ted and tez.] Among/ar777crs, to spread ; to 
turn new-mowed grass from the swath, and scatter it for 
drying. [Local.] Jlilton. 

TED'DED, pp. Spread from the swath. .Milton. 

TED'DER, 77. [W. tid ; Ir. tead,teidin ; Gaelic, tead, tcidin, 
tend.] ]. A rope or chain by which an animal is tied, that 
he may feed on the ground to the extent of the rope, and 
no farther. 2. 'I'hat by which one is restrained. 

TED'DER, V. t. 1. To tie with a tedder; to permit to feed 
to the length of a rope or chain. 2. To restrain to certain 
limits. 

TE De'UM. a hymn to be sung in churches or on occa- 
sions of joy : so called from the first words. 

*Te'DI-OUS, a. [S\)., \t. tedioso ; L,. twdium.] 1. Weari- 
some ; tiresome from continuance, prolixity or slowness 
w^iich causes prolixity. 2. Flow. 

* Te'DI-OUS-LY, ado. In such a manner as to weary. 
Te'DI-OUS-NEFF, 77. 1 . Wearisomeness by length of 
continuance or by prolixity. 2. Prolixity ; length. 3. 
Tiresomeness ; quality of wearying. 4. Slowness that 
wearies. 

Te'DI-UM, 77. [h.twduan.] Irksomeness; wearisomeness. 
Cow per. 

TEt^.M, V. 7 . [Fax. tyman, team.] 1. To bring forth, as 
young. 2. To be pregnant ; to conceive ; to engender 
young. 3. To be full ; .to be charged ; as a breeding ani- 
mal ; to be prolific. 4. To bring forth ; to produce, par- 
ticularly in abundance. 

TEEIM, V. t. 1. To produce ; to bring forth. 2. To pour; 

[rtfe.J 

TEEM'ER, 77. One that brings forth young. 

TEEM'FUL, a. 1. Pregnant ; prolific. 2 Brimful. 

TEEM'ING, ppr. Producing young. 

TEEM'LESS, a. Not fruitful or prolific ; barren. 

[TEEN, 77. Grief ; sorrow. Spenser. 

fTEEN, y. G [Fax. teonan.] To excite ; to provoke. 

TEENF, 77 . [from teen, ten.] The years of one’s age reck- 
oned by the termination teen. 


* See Synopsis. IMOVE, BOOK, DOVE BIJLL, UNITE.-€ as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as FH ; Tll as in this, j Obsolete. 


i 


TEM 828 TEM 


TEETH, plu, of tooth, wliicli see . — In the teeth, directly ; in 
direct opposition j in front. 

TEETH, c. i. [from the noun.] To breed teeth. 

TEETHTNG, j)pr. Breeding teeth ,* undergoing dentition. 

TEETH'ING, n. The operation or process of the first growth 
of teeth, called dentition. 

TEG. See Tag. 

TEG'U-LAR, a. [L. tegula.'] Pertaining to a tile 5 resem- 
bling a tile -, consisting of tiles. 

TEG'U-LAR-LY, adv. In the manner of tiles on a roof. 

TEG'U-MENT, n. [L. tegumentum.] A cover or covering 5 
seldom used except in reference to the covering of a living 
body. 

TEG-U-MENT'A-RY, a. Pertaining to teguments. 

TEII-HEE. A sound made in laughing. 

TEH-IIEE, V. i. To laugh. [A cant word.'] 

TeIL, )ii. [L. tiUa', Ir. teile.'] The lime-tree, 

TeIL'-TREE, I otherwise called the linden. 

TEINT, 71. [Fr. teint.] Color; tinge. See Tint. 

TEL'AR-Y, a. [L. teZa.] 1. Pertaining to a web. 2. Spin- 
ning webs ; as, a telanj spider ; [1. u.] Brown. 

TEL'E-GRAPH, n. [Gr. rrjXe and ypa^w.] A machine for 
communicating intelligence from a distance by various 
signals. Cyc. 

TEL-E-GRAPH'IG, a. 1. Pertaining to the telegraph ; made 
by a telegraph. 2. Communicated by a telegraph. 

TEL-E-OL'O-GY, 7 J. [Gr. reXos and Xoj/of.] The science of 
the final causes of things. 

TEL'E-SGOPE, n. [Fr. ; It., Sp. telescopio.] An optical in- 
strument employed in viewing distant objects, as the 
heavenly bodies. 

TEL'K-SGOPE-SHELL, 71. In conchology, a species of tur- 
bo, witli plane, striated and numerous spires. 

TEL-E-SGOP IG, \ a. I . Pertaining to a telescope ; per- 

TEL-E-SGOP'I-GAL, ^ formed by a telescope. 2. Seen 
or discoverable only by a telescope. 

TE-Le'SSI-A, 77 . Sapphire. Ure. 

TEL'ESM, 77 . [Ar.j A kind of amulet or magical charm. 

TEL-ES-MATHG, i a. Pertaining to telesms ; magical. 

TEL-ES-MAT'I-GAL, j Gregory. 

TE-LES'TIG, 77 . [Gr. Tt\og and (XTi‘)(og.] A poem in which 
the final letters of the lines make a name. 

TELL, V. t. ; pret. and pp. told. [Sax. tellan ; G. lahlen ,• 
D. tellen ; Dan. tader.] 1. To utter ; to express in words ; 
to communicate to others. 2. To relate ; to narrate ; to 
rehearse particulars. 3. To teach ; to inform ; to make 
known ; to show by words. 4. To discover ; to disclose ; 
to betray. 5. To count ; to number. 6. To relate in con- 
fession ; to confess or acknowledge. 7. To publish. 8. 
To unfold ; to interpret ; to explain. Ezek. xxiv. 9. To 
make excuses. 10. To make known. 11. To discover ; 
to find ; to discern. — Tell, though equivalent, in some re- 
spects, to speak and say, has not always the same appli- 
cation. We say, to tell this, that or what, to tell a story, 
to tell a word, to tell truth or falsehood, to tell a number, 
to tell the reasons, to tell something or nothing ; but we 
never say, to tell a speech, discourse or oration, or to tell 
an argument or a lesson. It is much used in commands ; 
as, tell me the wh<jle story ; tell me all you know, or all 
that was said. Tell has frequently the sense of narrate ; 
which speak and say have not. 

TELL, 7 J. 7 . 1. To give an account; to make report. 2. 
To act upon with effect ; as, every sliot tells. — To tell of, 
or to tell on, [vulgar,] to inform. 

TELL'ER, n. 1. One that tells, relates or communicates the 
knowledge of something. 2. One who numbers. — 3. In 
the exchequer of England, there are four officers, called- 
tellers, whose business is to receive all moneys due to the 
crown. 4. An officer of a bank, who receives and pays 
money on checks. 

TEL'LIN-ITE, n. Petrified or fossil shells. 

TELL'-TALE, a. Telling tales ; babbling. Shak. 

TELL'-TALE, n. [tell and tale.] 1. One who officiously 
communicates information of the private concerns of indi- 
viduals. 2. A movable piece of ivory or lead on a cham- 
ber organ, that gives notice when the wind is exhausted. 
— 3. In seamanship, a small piece of wood traversing in a 
groove across the front of the poop deck, and which, by 
communicating with a small barrel on the axis of the 
steering wheel, indicates the situation of the helm. JMar. 
Diet. 

TEL'LU-R ATE, n. A compound of tellurium and a base. 

TEL'LU-RET-ED, a. Tellureted hydrogen is hydrogen 
combined with tellurium in a gaseous form. Ure. 

TEL-Lu'lU-UM, 77 . A metal discovered by Klaproth, com- 
bined with gold and silver in the ores. 

TEXFA-GHIS, n. [Gr. Tepaxos.] A genus of fossils. 

TEM-E-Ra*R[-OU 8, a. [Fr. tern eraire ; L. temcrarius.] 1. 
Rash ; headstrong ; despising danger. 2. Careless ; heed- 
less ; done at random. 

TEM-E-Ra'RI-OUS-LY, fliy. Rashly; withexcessofbold- 
ne.'S. Swift. 

TbL.MERT-TY, n. [L. temeritas.] I. Rashness; unreason- 


able contempt of danger. 2. Extreme boldness. Cow 
ley. 

TEMTN, 77 . A money of account in Algiers, equivalent to 
2 carubes, or 29 aspers, about 34 cents. Cyc. 

TEiVFPER, V. t. [L. tempera ; It. temperare ; Sp. templar ; 
Fr. temperer.] I. To mix so that one part qualifies the 
other ; to bring to a moderate state. 2. To compound ; to 
form by mixture ; to qualify, as by an ingredient. 3. To 
unite in due proportion; to render symmetrical; to ad- 
just, as parts to each other. 4. I'o accommodate ; to 
modify. 5. To soften ; to mollify ; to assuage ; to soothe ; 
to calm ; to reduce any violence or excess. 6. To form to 
a proper degree of hardness. 7. To govern ; a Latinism ; 
[oZ>s.] — 8. Jn 7rt77S7C, to modify or amend a false or imper- 
fect concord by transferring to it a part of the beauty of a 
perfect one, that is, by dividing the tones. 

TEM'FER, 77. 1. Due mixture of different qualities ; or the 
state of any compound substance which results from the 
mixture of various ingredients. 2. Constitution of body. 
3. Disposition of mind ; tlie constitution of the mind, par- 
ticularly w'ith regard to the passions and affections. 4. 
Calmness of mind ; moderation. 5. Heat of mind or pas- 
sion ; irritation. 6. The state of a metal, particularly as 
to its hardness. 7. Middle course ; mean or medium. 
Swift . — 8. In sugar-ioorks, white lime or other substance 
stirred into a clarifier filled with cane-juice, to neutralize 
the superabundant acid. Edwards, W. Indies. 

TEM'PER-A-MENT, 77. [Fr. ; E. temper ament urn.] 1. Con- 
stitution ; state with respect to the predominance of any 
quality. 2. Medium ; due mixture of different qualities. — 
3. In music, temperament is an operation which, by means 
of a slight alteration in the intervals, causes the difference 
between two contiguous sounds to disappear, and makes 
each of them appear identical with the other. 

TE.M-PER-A-MENT^XL, a. Constitutional. [L.u.] Broron. 

TEMTER-ANCE, n. [Fr. ; L. temperantia.] 1. Modera- 
tion ; particularly, habitual moderation in regard to the 
indulgence of the natural appetites and passions ; re- 
strained or moderate indulgence. 2. Patience ; calmness j 
sedateness ; moderation of passion ; [rtTrrtsaaZ.l 

TEM'PER-ATE, a. [L. temperatus.] 1. Moderate ; net 
excessive. 2. Moderate in the indulgence of the appe- 
tites and passions. 3. Cool ; calm ; not marked with 
passion ; not violent. 4. Proceeding from temperance. 
5. Free from ardent passion. 

TEMTER-ATE-LY, adv. 1. Moderately ; without excess 
or extravagance. 2. Calmly ; without violence of pas- 
sion. 3. \^4th moderate force. 

TEM'PER-ATE-NESS, n. I. Moderation; freedom from 
excess. 2. Calmness ; coolness of mind. 

TEM'PER-A-TiVE, a. Having the power or quality of 
tempering. 

TEM'PER-A-TURE, 77. [Fr. ; Ij. temper atura.] 1. Jn phys- 
ics, the state of a body wfith regard to heat or cold, as in- 
dicated by the thermometer ; or the degree of free caloric 
which a body possesses, when compared with other 
bodies. 2. Constitution; state; degree of any qualit 3 ^ 
3. Moderation ; freedom from immoderate passions ; [f>Z>s.] 

TEM PERED, pp. 1. Duly mixed or modified ; reduced to 
a proper state ; softened ; allayed ; hardened. 2. Adjust- 
ed by musical temperament. 3. a. Disjxised. 

TEiVPPER-ING, ppr. Mixing and qualifying; qualifying by 
mixture ; softening ; mollifying ; hardening. 

TEMTEST, 77. [Fr. tempHe ; L. tempestas ; fcp. tempestad ^ 
It. tempesta.] 1. An extensive current of w'ind, rushing 
with great velocity and violence ; a storm of extreme vi- 
olence. — We usually apply the word to a steady wind of 
long continuance ; but we say, also, of a tornado, it blew 
a tempest. The currents of wind are named, according to 
their respective degrees of force or rapidity, a breeze, a 
gale, a storm, a tempest ; but gale is also used as synony- 
mous with storm, and storm with tempest. Gust is usu- 
ally applied to a sudden blast of short duration. 2. A vi- 
olent tumult or commotion. 3. Perturbation ; violent 
acitation. 

TEM PEST, V. t. To disturb as by a tempest. [Little 
JMilt.on . 

TEMTEST, v.i. [Fr. tempester ^ It. tempestare.] 1. To 
storm. Sandys. 2. To pour a tempest on. B. Jonson. 

TEM'PEST-BeAT-EX, a. [tempest and beat.] Beaten or 
shattered with storms. Dryden. 

t TEM-PES-TIV'I-TY, 77 . [E.tempestivus.] Seasonableness. 

TEM'PEST-TOST, a. Tossed about by tempests. 

TEM-PEST'U-OUS, a. [Sp. tempestuoso ; It. tempestoso ; 
Fr. tempetueux.] 1. Very stormy ; turbulent ; rough with 
wind. 2. Blowing with violence. 

TEM-PESThJ-OUS-LY, adv. With great violence of wind 
or great commotion ; turbulentlj'. Milton. 

TEM-PEST'U-OUS-NESS, n. Storminess ; the state of 
being tempestuous or disturbed by violent winds. 

TEM'PLAR, 77. [from the 7^e777pZp, a house near the Thames, 
which originally belonged to the knights Templars. The 
latter took their denomination from an apartment of the 
palace of Baldwin II. in Jerusalem, near the temple.] 1. A 


* See Sjjnopsis. 


A, E, I, O, Cf, Y, long.—FAll, 


FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, 


MARINE, BIRD;— 


I Obsolete. 


TEN 


629 


TEN 


student of the law. Pope. — 2. Templars, knights of the 
Temple, a religious military order, first established at Je- 
' rusalem in favor of pilgrims traveling to the Holy Land. 

TEAl TLE, n. [P'r. ; L. templum ; It. tempio ; fc'p. teinpLo.] 

1. A public edifice erected in honor of some deity. 2. A 
church j an edifice erected among Christians as a place of 
public worship. 3. A p’.ace in which the divine presence 
specially resides ; the church, as a collective body. Eph. ii. 

; — i. In England, the Temples are two inns of court, thus 

' called because anciently the dwellings of the knights 

Templars. 

; TEMPLE, n. [L. tempus, tempora.] 1. Literally, the fall 
of the head ; the part where the head slopes from the top. 
— 2. In anatomy, the anterior and lateral part of the head, 
where the skull is covered by the temporal muscles. 

TEM'PLE, V. t. To build a temple for ; to appropriate a 
temple to. [Little used.] Feltham. 

1 TE3i'PLET, n. A piece of timber in a building. 

TEM'PO-RAL, a. [Fr. temporel ; E. temporalis.'] 1. Per- 
taining to this life or this world or the body only ; secular. 

2. Measured or limited by time, or by this life or this state 
of things ; having limited existence. — 3. In grammar, re- 
lating to a tense ; as, a temporal augment. 4. [P’r. tem- 
poral.] Pertaining to the temple or temples of the head. 

TEM-PO-RAL'I-TIES, or TEM'PO-RALS, n. Secular pos- 
sessions ; revenues of an ecclesiastic proceeding from 
lands, tenements, or lay-fees, tithes and the like. 

TEM'PO-RAL-LY, adv. With respect to time or this life 
only. South. 

jTEMTO-RAL-NESS, n. Worldliness. 

TEM'PO-RAL-TY, n. 1. The laity j secular people ; [little 
used.] 2. Secular possessions. 

I’EM-PO-Ra'NE-OUS, a. Temporary. [Little ^ised.] 

TEM'PO-RA-RI-LY, adv. For a time only ; not perpetually. 

TEM'PO-RA-RI-NESS, n. The state of being temporary. 

TEM'PO-RA-RY, a. [L. te7nporarius.] Lasting for a time 
only ; existing or continuing for a limited time. 

TEM-PO-RI-Za'TION, n. The act of temporizing. 

TEM'PO-RiZE, v.i. [Fr. temporiser.] 1. To comply with 
the time or occasion ; to humor or yield to the current of 
opinion or to circumstances. 2. To delay ; to procrasti- 
nate ; [Z. u.] 3. To comply ; [o&s.] 

TEM'PO-RiZ-ER, n. One who yields to the time, or com- 
plies with the prevailing opinions, fashions or occasions j 
a trimmer. Shak. 

TEM'PO-RiZ-ING, ppr. Complying with the time, or with 
the prevailing humors and opinions of men ; time-serving. 

TEMPT, V. t. [Arm. tempti ; L. terito ; Fr. tenter ,* It. ten- 
tare ; Sp. tentar.] 1. To incite or solicit to an evil act ; to 
entice to something wrong by presenting arguments that 
are plausible or convincing, or by the otier of some plea- 
sure or apparent advantage as the inducement. 2. To 
provoke ; to incite. 3. To solicit 5 to draw. 4. To try ; 
to venture on ; to attempt. — 5. In Scripture, to try j to 
prove ; to put to trial for proof. 

TEMPT' A-BLE, a. Liable to be tempted. Swift. 

TEMP-Ta'TION, n. 1. The act of tempting ; enticement 
to evil. 2. Solicitation of the passions 5 enticements to 
evil proceeding from the prospect of pleasure or advan- 
tage. 3. The state of being tempted or enticed to evil. 
4. Trial. S. That which is presented to the mind as an 
inducement to evil. — 6 . In colloquial language, an allure- 
ment to any thing indifferent, or even good. 

TEMP-Ta'TION-LESS, a. Having no motive. Ham- 
mond. 


^ TEMPT'ED, pp. Enticed to evil ; provoked ; tried. 
«^((TEMPT'ER, n. 1. One that solicits or entices to evil. 2. 
; The great adversary of man ; the devil. Matt. iv. 
TEMPTING, ppr. 1. Enticing to evilj trying. 2. a. 

Adapted to entice or allure ; attractive. 

TEMPT'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to entice to evil j so as 
to allure. 

TEMPT'RESS, n. A female who entices. 

TEMSE, 71. A sieve. Sometimes written terns and tempse. 
TEMSE'BREAD, \7i. [Fr. tamper ; \i. tamisare.] Bread 
TEM'SED-BREAD, \ made of flour better sifted than 
common flour. 

t TEM'U-LENCE, ) n. [L. temulentia.] Intoxication ; in- 
t TEM'U-LEN-CY, \ ebriation ; drunkenness. 

I TEM'U-LENT, a. [L. temulentus.] Intoxicated, 
t TEM'U-LEN-TiVE, a. Drunken ; in a state of inebria- 


tion. 

TEN, a. [Sax. ty7i ,* D. tien ,* G. lehn ; Dan. tie ; Sw. tio.] 
1. Twice five 3 nine and one. 2. It is a kind of prover- 
bial number. 

* TEN'A-BLE, a. [Fr.] That may be held, maintained or 

k." defended against an assailant, or against attempts to 
tdke it« 

TE-Na'CIOUS, a. [L. tenaz ; Fr. te7iace.] J. Holding fast, 
or inclined to hold fast 3 inclined to retain what is in 
possession. 2. Retentive 3 apt to retain long what is com- 
mitted to it. 3. Adhesive 3 apt to adhere to another sub- 
stance 3 as oily, glutinous or viscous matter. 4. Niggard- 
" ly 3 close fisted. 


TE-Na'CIOUS-LY, adv. 1. With a disposition to hold fast 
what is possessed. 2. Adhesively. 3. Obstinately; with 
firm adherence. 

TE-Na'CIOUS-NESS, n. 1. The quality of holding fast ; 
unwillingness to quit, resign or let go. 2. Adhesiveness 3 
stickiness. 3. Retentiveness. 

TE-NACT-TY, n. [Fr. teuacitc ; E. tenacitas.] 1. Adhe- 
siveness 3 that quality of bodies which makes them stick 
or adhere to others ; glutinousness 3 stickiness. 2 . 'I'hat 
quality of bodies which keeps them from parting, without 
considerable force 3 cohesiveness. 

t TEN_'A-CY, n. Tenaciousness. BarroTV. 

TE-NaIL', 71. [Fr. te7iaille,] In fortification, an outwork 
consisting of two parallel sides with a front. 

TEN'AIL-LON, n. In fortificatio7i, teriaillons are works 
constructed on each side of the ravelins, like the lunets. 

TEN'AN-CY, n. [Sp. tenencia ; Fr. te7iant ; L. tC7te7is.] In 
law, a holding or possession of lands or tenements 3 ten- 
ure. 

TEN'ANT, n. [Fr. tenant’, L. teneo.] 1. A person holding 
land or other real estate under another, either by grant, 
lease or at will. 2. One who has possession of any place 3 
a dweller. — Tc7iant in capite, or tC7ia7it in chief, by the 
laws of Engla7id, is one who holds immediately of the 
king. 

TEN'ANT, V. t. To hold or possess as a tenant. 

TEN'ANT-SAW. See Tenon. 

TEN'ANT-A-BLE, a. Fit to be rented 3 in a state of repair 
suitable for a tenant. 

TEN'ANT-ED, pp. Held by a tenant. 

TEN'ANT-ING, ppr. Holding as a tenant. 

TEN'ANT-LESS, a. Having no tenant 3 unoccupied. 

TEN'ANT-RY, 71. 1 . The body of tenants. 2. Tenancy; 
[ 0 J 5 .] 

TENCH, n. [Fr. tenche ; Sp. tenca t E. tinea.] A fish. 

TEND, V. t. [contracted from attend i E. attevdo.] 1. To 
watch 3 to guard 3 to accompany as an assistant or pro- 
tector. 2. To hold and take care of. 3. To be atten- 
tive to. 

TEND, v.i. [E. tendo ; Fr. tendre ; It. te7idere.] 1. To 
move in a certain direction. 2. To be directed to any 
end or purpose 3 to aim at 3 to have or give a leaning. 3 . 
To contribute. 4. [for attend.] To attend 3 to wait as at- 
tendants or servants 3 [colloquial.] 5. To attend as 
something inseparable 3 [oZ>i-.] 6 . To wait 3 to expect , 
[oZ»s.] 7. To swing round an anchor, as a ship. Mar. 
Diet. 

f TEND'ANCE, n. 1. Attendance ; state of expectation. 
2. Persons attending. 3. Act of waiting 3 attendance. 
4. Care 3 act of tending. 

TEND'ED, pp. Attended 3 taken care of ; nursed. 

TEND'EN-CY, n. [from tend ; L. tendc7is.] Drift 3 direc* 
tion or course towards any place, object, effect or result. 

TEND'ER, n. 1. One that attends or takes care of 3 a nurse. 
2. A small vessel employed to attend a larger one for 
supplying her with provisions and other stores, or to con- 
vey intelligence and the like. — 3. [Fr. tendre.] In law, an 
offer, either of money to pay a debt, or of service to be 
performed, in order to save a penalty or forfeiture which 
would be incurred by non-payment or non performance. 
4. Any offer for acceptance. 5. The thing efl'ered. C. 
Regard 3 kind concern 3 [ 06 s.] 

TEND'ER, v.t. [Fr. tenure t E.tendo.] 1. To offer in 
words 3 or to exhibit or present for acceptance. 2 . 'I’o 
hold 3 to esteem 3 [ 065 .] 3. To offer in payment or satis- 
faction of a demand, for saving a penalty or forfeiture. 

TEN'DER, a. [Fr. tendre ; It. tenero ; Port, tinro.] 1. i^oft 3 
easily impressed, broken, bruised or injured 3 not firm or 
hard. 2. Very sensible to impression and pain 3 easily 
pained. 3. Delicate 3 effeminate 3 not hardy or able to 
endure hardship. 4. Weak 3 feeble 3 as, tender age. 5. 
Young and carefully educated. Prov. iv. 6 . Susceptible 
of the softer passions, as love, compassion, kindness ; 
compassionate. 7. Compassionate 3 easily excited to pity, 
forgiveness or favor. 8 . Exciting kind concern, b. Ex- 
pressive of the softer passions. 10. Careful to save invio- 
late, or not to injure. 11. Gentle ; mild 3 unwilling to 
pain. 12. Apt to give pain. 13. Adapted to excite feel- 
ing or sympathy 3 pathetic. 

TEND'ERED, pp. Offered for acceptance. 

TEN'DER-HEART'ED, a. 1. Having great sensibility 3 
susceptible of impressions or influence. 2. Very suscep- 
tible of the softer passions of love, pity or kindness. 

TEiN'DER-HEART'ED-NESS, n. Susceptibility of the 
softer passions. 

TEND'ER-ING, ppr. Offering for acceptance. 

TEN'DER-LING, 71. 1. A fondling 3 one made tender by 
too much kindness. 2. The first horns of a deer. 

TEN'DER-LOIN, n. A tender part of flesh in the hind 
quarter of beef. 

TEN'DER-LY, adv. 1. With tenderners ; mildly 3 gently 3 
softly 3 in a manner not to injure or give pain. 2 . Kind- 
ly 3 with pity or aflection. 

TEN'DER-NESS, n. 1. The state of being tender or easily 


•* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D 6 VE 3 BULL, UNITE.— € as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete, 


TEN 


830 


TER 


broken, bruised or injured ; softness brittleness. 2. I'lie 
state of being easily hurt ; soreness. 3. g^usceptibility of 
the sorter passions; sensibility. 4. Kind attention ; anx- 
iety for the good of another, or to save him from pain. 
6. f:^crupn!ousness ; caution ; extreme cave or concern not 
to give or to commit otFense. G. Cautious care to preserve 
or not to injure. 7. t?oftness of expression ; pathos. 

TEN O'ING, ppr. Having a certain direction ; taking care 
of. 

TEND'ING, «. In .feamen^s language, n swinging round or 
movemetit of a ship upon her anchor. 

TExX'DlN-OlJS, a. [Fr. teiidineux ; Jt. tendinoso.] 1. Per- 
taining to a tendon ; j)artaking of the nature or tendons. 
2. Full of tendons; sinewy. 

t TENDCMENT, n. Attendance; care. Hall. 

TEN'DON, n. [L. tendo ; Gr. tevwv.] In anatomy, a hard, 
insensible cord or bundle of fibres, by wliicii a muscle is 
attached to a bone. 

TEN'URAC, n. An animal of the hedgehog kind. 

TEiX'jJlllL, n. [Fr. iendron.] A clasp or clasper of a vine 
or other climbing or creeping plant. 

TEA'UKHj, a. Clasping; climbing, as a tendril. 

TEN'DRY, n. Proposal to acceptance ; tender. Ileylin. 

TEN'IC-BliOUS, ( a. [L. icnebrutius.i Hark ; gloomy. 

TE-NF.'BRl-OUS, \ Young. 

TE-Nk'BROUS-NESS, i 

T E i DRrkncsa j gloom* 

TEN^E-MENT, n. [Fr. ; Low L. teiieinentum.] 1. In com- 
7110/1 acceptation, a house ; a building for a liabitation ; or 
an apartment m a building, used by one family. 2. A 
house or lands depending on a manor ; or a fee farm de- 
pending OTi a sui)erior. — 3. In law, any species of perma- 
nent pr(>perty that may be held, as land, houses, rents, 
commons, an otlice, <kc. 

TEN-E-MEN'I'^AL, a. Pertaining to tenanted lands; that 
is or may be held by tenants. Blackstone. 

TEN-E-AiEi\T'A-RY, a. That is or may be leased ; held 
by tenants. Spelman. 

TEN'ENT. See Tenet. 

t TE-NER'I-TY, ?i. Tenderness. 

TE-N'ES'MUS, n. [L.] A painful, ineffectual and repeated 
effort, or a continual and urgent desire to go to stool. 

* TEN'ET, 71. [L. tenet, he holds.] Any opinion, princi- 
ple, dogma or doctrine which a person believes or main- 
tains as true. 

TEN'FoLI), a. [tea and /ofd.] Ten times more. 

TEN'N AN'l’-TI’E, n. [from Tennaiit.] A subspecies of gray 
copper ; a mineral of a lead color. Ui-e. 

TEN'NIS, 71. A play in which a ball is driven continually 
or kept in motion by rackets. 

TENCSIS, V. t. To drive a ball. Spenser. 

TEN ON, //. [Fr.] In budding and cabinet 7r>o7'k, the end of 
a piece of timber, which is fitted to a mortise. 

TPhVOR, n. [L. tenor ; Fr. teneur ; It. tenore ,• Fp. tenor.'] 
1. Continued run or currency ; whole course or strain. 2. 
Stamp; character. 3. Sense contained; purport; sub- 
stance ; general course or drift. — 4. [Fr. tenor.] In music, 
the natural pitch of a man’s voice in singing ; hence, the 
part of a tune adapted to a man’s voice, the second of the 
four parts, reckoning from the base. 5. The persons who 
‘sing the tenor, or the instrument that plays it. 

TENSE, (tens) a. [L. tc/wus.] Stretched; strained to stiff- 
ness ; rigid ; not lax. 

TENSE, (tens) n. [corrupted from Fr. temps ; L. tempus.] 
In grammar, time, or a particular form of a verb, or a 
combination of words, used to express the time of action, 
or of that wliich is affirmed ; or tense is an inflection of 
verbs by which they are made to signify or distinguish 
the time of actions or events. 

TENSE'NESS, (tens'nes) ?t. The state of being tense or 
stretched to stiffness ; stiffness. Sharp. 

TENS'l-BLE, a. Capable of being extended. Bacon. 

TENSILE, a. Capable of extension. Bacon. 

TEN'SION, 71. [Fr. ; L. tensio.] 1. Tire act of stretching or 
straining. 2. The state of being stretched or strained to 
stiffness; or the state of being bent or strained. 3. Dis- 
tension. 


TEN^IHVE, a. Giving the sensation of tension, stiffness or 
contraction. 

TEiNS'OB, n. In anatomy, a muscle that extends a part. 

f TEN'SURE. The same as tension. Bacon. 

TENT, V. [W. tent : Fr. tc7ite ,* Sp. tienda ; L. tentorium.] 
]. A pavilion or portable lodge consisting of canvas or 
other coarse cloth, stretched and sustained by poles; used 
for slieltering persons from the weather, particularly sol- 
diers in camj). — 2. In surgery, a roll of lint or linen, used 
to dilate an opening in the flesh. 

TENT, n. [Sp. tinto ; L. ft/irt/o?.] A kind of wine of a deep 
red color, chiefly from Galicia or Malaga. 

TENT, V. i. To lodge as in a tent ; to tabernacle. 

TEN!’, 7 \ t. 1. fl'o probe ; to search as with a tent. Shak. 
2. 'I'o keep open with a tent. IVi-ieman. 

TEN'TA-GI..E, v. [Tech. L. tentacula.] A filiform process 
or organ on the bodies of various animals. 


TENT'AGE, n. An encampment. [Unusual.] Drayton. 

TEN-Ta'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. tentatio ; lento, to try.] Trial j 
temptation. [Little used.] Brown. 

TENT'A-Ti V'^E, a. [Fr.] Trying; essaying. 

TENT'A-TIVE, n. An essay ; trial. Berkeley. 

TENT'ED, a. 1. Covered or furnished with tents, as sol- 
diers. 2. C(<vered with tents; as, a tented field. 

TENT'ER, 11 . [L. tendo, tentus.] A hook for stretching 
cloth on a frame. — 7’o be on the tenters, to be on the 
stretch ; to be in distress. 

TENT'ER, V. t. To hang or stretch on tenters. 

TENT'ER, V. i. To admit extension. Bacon. 

TENT'ERED, pp. Stretched or hung on tenters. 

TENT'ER-GRUUND, n. Ground on which tenters are 
erected. 

TENT'Eil-ING, ppr. Stretching or hanging on tenters. 

TENTH, a. Tlie ordinal of ten ; the first after the ninth. 

TENTH, n. 1. The tenth part. 2. Tithe; the tenth part 
of annual produce or increase. — 3. In music, the octave 
of the third ; an interval comprehending nine conjoint de- 
grees, or ten sounds, diatonicaily divided. 

TENTH'LY, ado. In the tenth place. 

t TEN-TiG'lN-OCS, a. [L. tentigo.] Stiff ; stretched. Diet. 

TENT'O-RY, n. [h. tentorium.] 'i he awning of a tent. 

TENT'VYoRT, n. A plant of the genus 

TEN-U-l-F6'LI-OUS, a. [L. tenuis and folium.] Having 
thin or narrow leaves. 

TE-N'U'l-TY, n. [Vr. tenuite ; Y. tenuitas.] 1. Thinness; 
smallness in diameter; exility; thinness, applied to a 
broad substance, and slenderness, applied to one that is 
long. 2. Rarity ; rareness ; thinness ; as of a fluid. 3. 
Poverty ; [o6s.] 

TEN'L-UUS, a. [L. tenuis.] 1. Thin; small; minute. 2. 
Rare. 

* TEN'URE, n. [Fr. from tenir ,* L. teneo, to hold.] 1. A 
holding. In English laic, the manner of holding lands 
and tenements of a superior. In the United States, almost 
all lands are held in fee simple ; not of a superior, but the 
whole right and title to the property being vested in the 
owner. 2. Tenure, in general, is the particular manner 
of holding real estate. 3. The consideration, condition or 
service which the occupier of land gives to his lord or 
superior for the use of his land. 4. Manner of holding in 
general. 

TEP-E-FA€'TION, n. [L. tepefacio.] The act or operation 
of warming, making tepid or moderately warm. 

TEP'E-FY, V. t. [L. tepefacio.] To make moderately warm. 

TEP'E-FY , V. i. To become moderately warm. 

TEF'ID, a. [L tepidus.] Moderately warm ; lukewarm. 

TE-PID'I-TY, n. [Old Fr. tepidite.] Lukewarmness. Bp. 
Richardson. 

TEP'irJ-N’Ec?S, n. Moderate warmth ; lukewarmness. 

TFVPOR, n. [L.] Gentle heat ; moderate warmth. 

TER'A-PHIM, /f. [Heb.] Household deities or images. 

t TER-A-TOL'O-GY, ??. [Gr. and Xoyo?.] Bombast 

in language ; aftectation of sublimity. Bailey. 

TERCE, (ters) n. [Sp. tercia ; Fr. tiers, tierce.] A cask 
whose contents are 42 gallons, the third of a pipe or butt. 

TER'CEL, n. The male of the common falcon. 

TERCE'-MA-JOR, n. A sequence of the three best cards. 

TER'E-BINTH, n. [Fr. ter ebinthe.] The turpentine tree. 

TER-E-BIN'TI1L\-ATE, a. Terebinthine. Ramsay. 

TER-E-BIN'THiNE, a. [L. terebinthinus.] Pertaining to 
turpentine ; consisting of turpentine, or partaking of its 
qualities. 

TER'E-BRATE, v. t. [L. terebro.] To bore ; to perforate 
with a gimlet. [Little «se</.] Derham. 

TER-E-BRa'TION, n. I'lie act of boring. [L.u.] Bacon. 

TER-E-BRAT'U-LITE, n. Fossil terebratula, a shell. 

TE-Re'DO, n. [L.] A worm, or a genus of worms. 

TEIFEK, n. A water-fowl with long legs. 

TER'ET, 1 a. [L. teres.] Round and tapering ; coliiin- 

TE-RkTE', \ nar, as tlie stem of a plant. 

TER-GEM I-NAL, I a. [L. tergeminus.] Thrice double. 

TER-GEM'I-NATE, ] Martyn. 

TER-GEM'l-NOtrS, a. Threefold. 

TER-GIF'E-TOUS, a. Tergifetous plants are such as bear 
their seeds on the back of their leaves, as ferns. 

TER GI-VER-SATE, v. i. [L. tergum and verto.] To shift; 
to practice’evasion. [Little used.] 

TER-GI-VER-Sa'TION, n. 1. A shifting; shift; subter- 
fuge ; evasion. 2. Change ; fickleness of conduct. 

TERM, n. [Gr. reppa ; Fr. termc ; It. termine : Sp. termino; 
L. terminus.] I. A limit ; a bound or boundary ; the ex- 
tremity of any thing ; that which limits its extent. 2. 
The time for which any thing lasts ; any limited time.— 
3. In geometry, a point or line that limits. — 4. In law, the 
limitation of an estate ; or, rather, the whole time or dura- 
tion of an estate.— 5. In law, the time in which a court is 
held or open for the trial of causes.— 6. In universities and 
colleges, the time during which instruction is regularly 
given to students. — 7. In grammar, a word or expression ; 
that which fixes or determines ideas.— 8. In the arts, a 


Sec Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, "Y, 


long.- 


-FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


TER 


831 


TES 


word or expression that denotes somethinfr peculiar to an 
art. — 9. In losic^ a syllogisjii consists of three terms, the 
major, the minor, and the middle. Hed<je. — 10. In archi- 
tecture, a kind of statues or columns adorned on the top 
with the tignre of a head, either of a man, woman or 
satyr. — II. Ajnong the ancients, terms, tfrniini niiliares, 
were the heads of certain divinities placed on square 
land-marks of stone, to mark the several stadia on roads. 
— 12. In a member of a compound quantity. Day. 

— 13. Among physicians, the monthly courses of females 
are called terms. — 14. In contracts, terms, in the plural, 
are conditions ; propositions stated or promises made, 
which, when assented to or accepted by another, settle 
the contract and bind the parties. 

TERM, V. t. To name ; to call ; to denominate. Locke. 

TER'MA-G AN-CY, v. Turbulence; tumultuousness. 

TER'MA-GANT, a. [Sax. hr, ortyr, and /Matfan.] Tumult- 
uous ; turbulent ; boisterous or furious quarrelsome ; 
scolding. 

TEllh\IA-G ANT, n. A boisterous, brawling, turbulent wo- 
man. 

TERMED, pp. Called; denominated. 

TERM ER, 11 . One wlio travels to attend a court term. 

TERM'ER, ) n. One who has an estate for a term of years 

TERM'OR, I or life. Blackstone. 

TERM-FEE, v. Among lawyers, a fee or certain sum 
charged to a suitor for each term his cause is in court. 

TERI\I'IN-A-BLE, a. That may be bounded ; limitable. 

TERM'<N-AL, a. [from L. terminus.] 1. In botany, grow- 
ing at the end of a branch or stem ; terminating. 2. 
Forming the extremity. 

TERM'LN-ATE, v. t. [Fr. terminer; L. termino ; Sp. ter- 
minar ; It. terminare ; L. terminus.] 1. To bound; to 
limit ; to set the extreme point or side of a thing. 2. To 
end ; to put an end to. 

TERM'IN-ATE, v. i. 1. To be limited; to end; to come 
to the furthest point in space. 2. To end ; to close ; to 
come to a limit in time. 

TERM'IN-A-TED, pp. Limited; bounded; ended. 

TERM'IN-A-TING, ppr. Limiting; ending; concluding. 

TERM-IN-a'TION, n. 1. The act of limiting or setting 
bounds; the act of ending or concluding. 2. Bound; 
limit in space or extent. 3. End in time or existence. — 
4. In grammar, the end or ending of a word ; the syllable 
or letter that ends a word. 5. End; conclusion; result. 
6. Last purpose. 7. Word ; term ; [oi^.] 

TERM-IN-a'TION-AL, a. Forming the end or concluding 
syllable. Walker. 

TERM'IN-A-TTVE, a. Directing termination. Bp. Rust. 

TERM'IN-A-TIVE-LY, fldt’. Absolutely; so as not to re- 
spect any thing else. Taylor. 

TERM'IN-A-TOR, n. In astronomy, a name sometimes 
given to the circle of illumination, from its property of 
terininating the boundaries of light and darkness. 

TERM'TNE. Anciently used for terminate. 

TERM'IN-ER, n. A determining, as in oyer and terminer. 

TERM'ING, pyr. Calling ; denominating. 

TERM IN-IST, n. In ecclesiastical history, a sect of Chris- 
tians. 

TERM-IN-OL'O-GY, n. [L. terminus, or Gr. repya and 
Aoyo?.] 1. The doctrine of terms; a treatise on terms. — 
2. In natural history, that branch of the science which 
explains all the terms used in the description of natural 
objects. 

TER-MIN'THUS, n. [Gr. reppivOog.] In suruery, a large, 
painful tumor on the skin, thought to resemble a pine nut. 

TERM'LESjS, o. Unlimited, boundless. Raleigh. 

TERM'LY, a. Occurring every term. Bacon. 

TERM'LY, ado. Term by term ; every term. Bacon. 

TERN, n. [Ti. sterna.] A common name of certain aquatic 
fowls of the genus sterna. FA. Encyc. 

TERN, a. [L. iermis.] Threefold ; consisting of three. 

TERN'A-RY, a. [L. ternarius.] Proceeding by threes; 
consisting of three. Cyc. 

TERN' A-B Y, or TERN'ION, n. [L. ternarius, ternio.] The 
number tlnee. Holder. 

TERNbY^n^, a. [L. ternns, terni.] In botany, u. ternate leaf 
is one that has three leaflets on a prAiole. 

TER'RA .Taponira, catechu, so called. — Terra Lemnia, a 
species of red, bolar earth. — 'Terra ponderosa, barytes; 
heavy spar. — Terra Sienna, a brown bole from Sienna. 

TER^RACE, n. [Fr. trrrasse ; It. terrazzo ; Sp terrado.] 
1. In aardniin (T, a raised bank of earth with slophig sides, 
laid with turf, and graveled on the top for a walk. 2. A 
balcony or open gallery. 3. The flat roof of a house. 

TER'RACE, V. t. I. To form into a terrace. 2. To open 
to the air and liglit. 

TER'RACED, pp. Formed into a terrace ; having a terrace. 
Thomson. 

TER'RA-CING, ppr. Forming into a terrace. 

TER'RA^-FIL'I-US, n. [L.] Formerly, a satirical actor at 
the public acts in the university of Oxford, not unlike the 
prevaricator at Cambridge. Guardian. 


TER'RA-PTN, n. A species of tide-water tortoist?. 

TER-Ra'Q,UE-OUS, a. [L. terra and aqua.] Consisting of 
land and water, as the globe or earth. 

t rEK'RAR,_?j. A register of lands. Cowel. 

TERRE-BLuE, 71. [Fr. terre, and blue.] A kind of earth. 

[TERRE-MOTE, 11 . [L. terra and motus.] An earth- 
quake. 

T i; R R E-P LEI N ,)n. [ Fr. terre and plein.] \w fortification, 

TERRE-PLAIN, \ the top, platform or horizontal surface 
of a rampart, on which the cannon are placed. 

TERRE-TENbA-NT, ) n. [Fr. terre-tenant.] One who has 

TER-'l’EN'ANT, ) the actual possession of land ; the 
occupant. 

TERRE-V'^ERTE, n. [Fr. terre and verd, verte.] A species 
of green earth, used by painters. 

TER'REL, n. Little earth, a magnet of a spherical figure. 

TER-RfNE', «. [bi. terrenus.] 1. Pretaining to the earth j 
earthy. 2. Earthly ; terrestrial. 

TER'RE-OUS, a. [L. terreus.] Earthy ; consisting of 
earth. 

TER-RES'TRI-AL, a. [L. terrestris.] 1. Pertaining to the 
earth ; existing on the earth. 2. Consisting of earth. 3. 
Pertaining to the world, or to the present slate ; sublu- 
nary. 

TER-RES'TRI-AL-LY, ado. After an earthly manner. 

I TER-RES'7’KI-FY, V. t. [L. terrestris and facia.] To re- 
duce to the state of earth. Brown. 

TER-RES'TRI-OUS, a. 1. Envlhy, [little used.] 2. Per- 
taining to the earth ; being or living on the earth; terres- 
trial. 

TER'RI-BLE, a, [Fr.; E. terribllis.] 1. Frightful; adapted 
to excite terror; dreadful; formidable. 2. Ada|)ted to 
impress dread, terror or solemn awe and reverence. 
3. ado. Severely ; very ; so as to give pain ; as, terrible 
cold ; a colloquial phrase. 

TER'RI-BIiE-NESS, n. Dreadfulness ; formidableness; the 
quality or state of being terrible. 

TER'RI-BLY, ado. 1. Dreadfully ; in a manner to excite 
terror or fright. 2. Violently ; very greatly. 

TER'RI-ER, 7?. [Fr.] 1. A dog or little hound, that creeps 
into the ground after animals that burrow. 2. A lodge or 
hole where certain animals secure themselves. 3. A 
book or roll in which the lands of private persons or cor- 
porations are described. 4. [L. tero.] A wimble, auger 
or borer. 

TER-RIF'IC, a. [L. terrificus.] Dreadful ; causing terror ; 
adapted to excite great fear or dread. 

TER'RI-FTED, PJ7. Frightened; afifrighted. 

TER'RI-FY, V. t. [L. terror and facio.] To frighten ; to 
alarm or shock with fear. 

TER'Rl-FY-ING, ppr. Frightening; affrighting. 

TER-RIG'EN-OUS, a. [L,. terrigena.] Earthburn ; produ- 
ced by the earth. 

TER-RI-To'RI-AL, G. 1. Pertaining to territory or land. 
2. Limited to a certain district. 

TER-RI-To'RI-AL-LY, ado. In regard to territory; by 
means of territory. K. Everett. 

TER'RI-TO-RY, n. [Fr. territoire ; territorio ; L. 

terriiorium.] 1. The extent or compass of land within tlie 
bounds or belonging to the jurisdiction of any state, city 
or other body. 2. A tract of land belonging to and under 
the dominion of a prince or state, lying at a distance from 
the parent country or from the seat of government. 

TER'ROR, 11 . [L. terror ; Fr. terrevr ; It. terrore.] 1. Ex- 
treme fear; violent dread ; fright; fear that agitates the 
body and mind. 2. That which may excite dread ; the 
cause of extreme fear. — 3. In Scripture, the sudden judg- 
ments of God are called terrors. Ps. Ixxiii. 4. The 
threatenings of wicked men, or evil apprehended from 
them. 1 Pet. iii. 5. Awful majesty, calculated to impress 
fear. 2 Cor. v. 6. Death is emphatically styled the king 
of tei'Tors. 

TERSE, (ters) a. [L. tersvs.] Cleanly written; neat; ele- 
gant without ponipousness. 

TERSE'LY, ftersdy) ado. Neatly. 

TERSE'NESS, (ters'nes) n. Neatness of style ; smoothness 
of language. Warton. 

TER-TEN'ANT, 71. [Fr. terre, and tewaTil.] The occupant 
of land. 

TER'TI AI.!?, n. In ornithology, feathers near the junction 
of the wing with the body. 

TER'TIAN, a. [L. tertianvs, from tertins, third.] Occur- 
ring every other day ; as, a tertian fever. 

TER'TIAN^ n. A disease or fever w hose paroxysms return 
every other day. 2. A measure of 84 gallons; [«;t).v.] 

TER'TIA-RY, a'. Third ; of the third formation. Tertiary 
mountains are such as result from the ruins of other 
mountains promiscuously heaped together. Kincan. 

TER'TTATE, 7 ;. t. [L. tertius.] 1. 7\) do any thing the 
third time. 2. To examine the thickness of the metal at 
the muzzle of a gun ; or, in general, to examine the thick- 
ness to ascertain the strength of onlnance. 

TES'SEIi-ATE, r. t. [L. te.^.‘?c/a.] To form into squares or 
checkers ; to lay with checkered work. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BULL, UNITE. — €asK ; Gas J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; Til as in this. \ Obsolete 


TES 


832 


TET 


TES'SEL-A-TED, pp. 1. Checkered ; formed in little 
squares or mosaic work. — 2. In botany, spotted or check- 
ered like a cliess-board. 

TES-SEL-a'TION, n. Mosaic work, or the operation of 
making it. Fora-yth, Italy. 

TEy-SE-ltA^l€, a. [L. tessera.] Diversified by squares j 
tesselated. Atkyns. 

TEs^T, n, [L. testa ; It. testa, or tcsto ; Fr. tit.] 1. In metal- 
largtj, a large cupel, or a vessel in which metals are melt- 
ed for trial and refinement. 2. Trial ; examination by 
the cupel ; hence, any critical trial and examination. 3. 
Means of trial. 4. That with which any thing is com- 
pared for proof of its genuineness ; a standard. 5. Dis- 
criminative characteristic j standard. 6. Judgment ; dis- 
tinction.— 7. In chemistry, a substance employed to detect 
any unknown constituent of a compound, by causing it to 
exhibit some known property. 

TEST, n. [L. tesfw.] In England, an oath and declaration 
against transubstantiation, which all officers, civil and 
military, were heretofore obliged to take within six 
months after their admission. 

TEST, V. t. 1. To compare with a standard ; to try ; to prove 
the truth or genuineness of any thing by experiment or 
by some fixed principle or standard. Edin. Review. 2. To 
attest and date. — 3. In metallurgy, to refine gola or silver 
by means of lead, in a test, by the destruction, vitrifica- 
tion or scorification of all extraneous matter. 

TEST'A-BLE, a. [L. testor.] That may be devised or given 
bv will. Blackstone. 

TES-TA-CE-OG'llA-PHY. See Testa ceologv. 

TES-TA-CE-OL'0-(jY, 1 n. [L. testacea, or testa, and Gr. 

TES-TAL'O-GY, i Awyoj.] The science of testace- 

ous vermes ; a branch of vermeology. 

TES-Ta'CEOUS, a. [L. testaceus.] Pertaining to shells ; 
consisting of a hard shell, or having a hard, continuous 
shell. 

TEST'A-MENT, n. [Fr.; L. testamentum.] 1. A solemn, 
authentic instrument in writing, by which a person de- 
clares his will as to the disposal of his estate and effects 
after his death. This is otherwise called a will. 2. The 
name of each general division of the canonical books of 
the S^criptures ; as the Old Testament / the New Testa- 
ment. 

TEST-A-MENT'A-RY, a. 1. Pertaining to a will or to 
wills. 2. Bequeathed by will ; given by testament. 3. 
Done by testament or will. 

TEST-A-MENT-a'TION, n. The act or power of giving 
by will. [^Little nsed.] Burke. 

TEST'ATE, a. [L. testatus.] Having made and left a will. 

TEST-A'TION, n. [L. testatio.] A witnessing or witness. 

TEST-a'TOR, n. [L.] A man who makes and leaves a 
will or testament at doath. 

TEST-a'J'RIX, n. A woman who makes and leaves a will 
at death. 

TEST'ED, pp. Tried or approved by a test. Shak. 

TESTIER, n. [Fr. tite.] The top covering of a bed. 

^’E3T'ER, ; 71. A French coin, of the value of about six- 

TEST'ON, \ pence sterling. 

TEST'ERN, 11 . A six-pence. 

t TEST'ERN, V. t. To present with six-pence. 

TEST'I-€LE, 71. [L. testiculus.] The testicles are male or- 
gans of generation. Cyc. 

TES-TI€'U-LATE, a. In botany, shaped like a testicle. 

TES-Tl-FI-€A'T10N, 7?. [\i. testificalio.] The act of testi- 
fying or giving testimony or evidence. South. 

TES-TI-F_I-Ga'TOR, 11 . One who gives evidence. 

TESTT-FtED, pp. [from testify.] Given in evidence ; wit- 
nessed ; published ; made known. 

TEST'I-FI-ER, n. One who testifies ; one who gives testi- 
mony or bears witness to prove any thing. 

TESTT-F?^, V. i. [L. testijicor ; It. testificare ,* Sp. testifi- 
car.] 1. To make a solemn declaration ; to establish some 
fact; to give testimony. — 2. In judicial proceedings, to 
make a solemn declaration under oath, for the purpose of 
establishing or making proof of some fact to a court. 3. 
To declare a charge against one. 4. To protest; to de- 
clare against. 

TEST'I-F\", V. t. 1. To affirm or declare solemnly for the 
purpose of establishing a fact. — 2. In law, to affirm or de- 
clare under oath before a tribunal, for the purpose of 
proving some fact. 3. To bear witness to ; to support the 
truth of by testimony. 4. To publish and declare freely. 

TEST'I-F?-ING, ppr. Affirming solemnly or under oath; 
giving testimony; bearing witness; declaring. 

TEST'l-EY, adv. Fretfully; peevishly; with petulance. 

TEST-T-MO'NI-AL, n, [Fr.; L. testimonium.] A writing or 
certificate in favor of one’s character or good conduct. 

TEST'EMO-NY, n. [L. testimonium,] 1, A solemn declara- 
tion or affirmation made for the purpose of establishing or 
proving some fact. Such affirmation, in judicial proceed- 
ings, may be verbal or written, but must be under oath. 
Testimony differs from evidence ; testimony is the declara- 
tion of a witness, and evidence is the effect of that de- 
claration on the mind, or the degree of light which it af- 


fords. 2. Affirmation ; declaration. 3. Open attestation j 
profession. 4. Witness ; evidence ; proof of some fact. — 
6. In Scripture, the two tables of the law. 6. The book of 
the law. 7. The gospel, which testifies of Christ and de- 
clares the will of God. Tim. i. 8. The ark. Ex. xvi. 9. 
The word of God ; the Scriptures. Ps. xix. 10. The laws 
or precepts of God. Psalms. 11. That which is equiva- 
lent to a declaration ; manifestation. Clarke. 12. Evi- 
dence suggested to the mind. 2 Cor. i. 13. Attestation ; 
confirmation. 

t TESTT-MO-NY, v. t. To witness. Shak. 

TESTT-NESS, n. Fretfulness ; peevishness ; petulance. 

TEST'ING, ppr. [from test.] Trying for proof; proving 
by a standard or by experiment. Ure. 

TESTING, n. 1. The act of trying for proof.— 2. In metal- 
lurgy, the operation of refining large quantities of gold or 
silver by means of lead, in the vessel called a test. 

TES-TOON', n. A silver coin in Italy and Portugal. 

TEST'-PA-PER, 11 . A paper impregnated with a chemical 
re-agent, as litmus, &c. Parke. 

TES-TU'DI-NAL, a. Pertaining to the tortoise, or resem- 
bling it. Fleming. 

TES-Tu'DI-NA-TED, a. [L. testudo.] Roofed ; arched. 

TES-T IJ-DIN'E-OUS, a. Resembling the shell of a tortoise. 

TES-TO'DO, 11 . [L.] 1. A tortoise. — Among the Romans, a 
cover or skreen which a body of troops formed with their 
shields or targets, by holding them over their heads when 
standing close to each other. — 2. In medicine, a broad soft 
tumor between the skull and the skin, called also talpa, 
or mole. 

TEST'Y, a. [from Fr. teste, tite, the head.] Fretful ; 
peevish ; petulant ; easily irritated. Shak. 

TET'A-NUS, 11 . [Gr. Teravos.] A spasmodic contraction of 
the muscles of voluntary motion ; the locked jaw. Cyc. 

TE-TAUG', 77. The name of a fish on the coast of New 
England ; called, also, black-fish. 

[ TETCHT-NE3S, > Techiness, Techy, [corrupted 

fTETCH'Y, j from touchy, tcuchiness.] 

TETE, (tate) n. [Fr. head.] False hair; a kind of wfig or 
cap of false hair. 

TETE'-A-T£TE', [Fr.] Head to head ; cheek by jowl ; in 
private. 

TETH'ER, 71. A rope or chain by which a beast is confined 
for feeding within certain limits. 

TETH'ER, V. t. To confine, as a beast, with a rope or 
chain for feeding within certain limits. See Tedder. 

TET'RA-CHORD, n. [Gr. Terrapa and %op^J 7 .] In ancient 
music, a diatessaron ; a series of four sounds. 

TET'RAD, n. [Gr. rcrpaj.] The number four ; a collection 
of four things. 

TET-RA-DA€'TY-LOUS, a. [Gr. rcrpa and 5a/cr»Aoj.] 
Having four toes. 

TET-RA-DI-A-PA'SON, n. [Gr. rerpa, and diapason.] 
Quadruple diapason or octave ; a musical chord. 

TET-RA-DRACH'MA, n. [Gr. rerpa and Spa^yy.] In an- 
cient coinage, a silver coin wmrth four drachmas, 3^?. 
sterling. 

TET-R A-DY-NAM'I-AN, n. [Gr. rerpa and ^vvayis.] In 
botany, a plant having six stamens. 

TET-RA-DY-NAM'I-AN, a. Having six stamens, four of 
which are uniformly longer than the others. 

TET'RA-GON, ii. [Gr. rerpaymvog.] 1. In geometry, a fig- 
ure having four angles ; a quadrangle ; as a square, a 
rhombus, &:c. — 2. In astrology, an aspect of two planets 
with regard to the earth, when they are distant from each 
other ninety degrees. 

TE-TRAG'O-NAL, a. 1. Pertaining to a tetragon ; having 
four angles or sides.— 2. In botany, having four prominent 
longitudinal angles, as a stem. 

TET'RA-GO-NISM, n. The quadrature of the circle. 

TET'RA-GYN, n. [Gr. rerpa and yovy.] In botany, a plant 
having four pistils. 

TET-RA-GYNT-AN, a. Having four pistils. 

TET-RA-He'DRAL, a. 1. Having four equal triangles. — 
2. In botany, having four sides, as a pod or silique. 

TET-RA-He'DRON, 71 . [Gr. rerpa and £^pa.] In geometry, 
a figure comprehended" under four equilateral and equal 
triangles. 

TET-R A-HEX-A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. rerpa and hexahe- 
dral.] In crystal ography, exhibiting four ranges of faces, 
one above another, each range containing six faces. 

TE-TRAM'E-TER. 71. [Gr. rerpa and yerpov.] In ancient 
poetry, an iambic verse consisting of four feet, found in 
the comic poets. 

TE-TRAN'DER, n. [Gr. rerpa and avyp.] In botany, a 
plant having four stamens. 

TE-TRAN'DRI-AN, a. Having four stamens. 

TET-RA-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. rerpa and acraXov.] In 
botany, containing four distinct petals or flower-leaves 

TE-TRAPHA’'L-LOUS, a. [Gr. rerpa and <pvX\ov.] In 
botany, having four leaves. 


* See Synopsis, A, E, T, 0, tJ, Y, long,— F aH, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY PIN, MABINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


THA 


8.33 


THE 


TET'RAP-TOTE, n, [Gr. rcrpa and Trrwcr^f.] In grammar^ 
a noun that has four cases only ; as L. astus, &c. 

* Tk'TRARGH, n. [Gr. rerpap^ijg.] A Roman governor 
of the fourth part of a province 3 a subordinate prince. 

TE-TRARGH'A'l’E, n. The fourth part of a province un- 
der a Roman tetrarch 3 or tlie office of a tetrarch. 

TE-TRARCH'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to a tetrarchy. Herbert. 

* TET'RAR-CHY, n. The same as tetrarchate. 

TET-RA-SPERM'OlJS, a. [Gr. rerpa and cneppa.] In 
botany^ containing four seeds. 

TE-TRAS'TI€H, n. [Gr. TeTpacTt^og.] A stanza, epigram 
or poem consisting of four verses. Pope. 

TET'RA-STYLE, n. [Gr. rerptx and otuXoj.] In ancient 
architecture^ a building with four columns in front. Cyc. 

TET-RA-SYL-LAB'IG, \ a. Consisting of four sylla- 

TET-RA-SYL-LAB'l-CAL, \ bles. Cyc. 


TET-RA-SYE'LA-BLE, n. [Gr. rerpa and cvWa^t].] 
word consisting of four syllables. 
fTETTUC, 


tTET'RI-CAL, 
f TET/RI-COUS, 


a. [L. tetricus.] Froward ; perverse 
harsh 3 sour 3 rugged. Knolles. 


t TE-TRICT-TY, 71. Crabbedness 3 perverseness. 
TET'TER, n. [Sax. teter, tetr.] 1. In medicine, a common 
name of several cutaneous diseases. — 2. In farriery, a 
cutaneous disease of animals, of the ring-worm kind. 
TET'TER, V. t. To affect with the disease called tetters. 
■fTET'TISn, a. [qu. Fr. tHe, head.] Captious 3 testy. 
TEu-TON'IC, a. Pertaining to the Teutons, a people of 
Germany, or to their language 3 as a noun, the language 
of the Teutons, the parent of the German Dutch, and An- 
glo Saxon or native English. 

TEW, V. t. 1 . To work 3 to soften 3 [obs. See Taw.] 2 . 

To work 3 to pull or tease 3 among seamen. 
t TEW, n. 1. Materials for any thing. 2. An iron chain. 
TEW'EIi, n. [Fr. tuyau.'] An iron pipe in a forge to receive 
the pipe of a bellows. JMoxon. 
fTEW'TAW, v.t. To beat 3 to break. [Sec Tew.] Mort- 


imer. 

TEXT, n. [Fr. texte ; L. textus 3 It. testo.] 1. A discourse 
or composition on which a note or commentary is written. 
2. A verse or passage of Scripture which a preacher se- 
lects as the subject of a discourse. 3. Any particular 
passage of Scripture, used as authority in argument for 
proof ot a doctrine. — 4. In ancient law authors, the four 
Gospels, by way of eminence. 

•TEXT, V. t. To write, as a text. [Mot much used.] Beaum. 

TEXT'-BOOK, n. 1. In universities and colleges, a classic 
author written with wide spaces between the lines, to 
give room for the observations or interpretation dictated 
by the master or regent. 2. A book containing the lead- 
ing principles or most important points of a science or 
liranch of learning, arranged in order for the use of stu- 


dents. 


TEXT'-HAND, n. A large hand in writing. 

TEXT'lLE, a. [L. textilis.] Woven, or capable of being 
Avoven. 

TEXT ILE, n. That which is or may be woven. 

TEXT'-MAN, n. A man ready in the quotation of texts. 

TEX-To'R[-AL, a. [L. tex^tor.] Pertaining to weaving. . 

TEXT'RiNE, a. Pertaining to weaving. Derham. 

TEXT'U-AL, a. 1. Contained in the text. 2. Serving for 
texts. 

TEXT'U-AL-TST, ) n. [Fr. textuaire.] 1. One who is well 

TEXT'U-A-RY, ( versed in the Scriptures, and can 
readily quote texts. 2. One who adheres to the text. 

TEXT'U-A-RY, a. 1. Textual 3 contained in the text. 
Brown. 2. Serving as a text 3 authoritative. Glanville, 

TEXT'U-IST, 71 , One ready in the quotation of texts. 

TEXTfftRE, 77 . [C. textura.] 1 . The act of weaving. 2. 
A web 3 that which is woven. 3. The disposition or con- 
nection of threads, filaments or other slender bodies in- 
terwoven. 4. The disposition of the several parts of any 
body in connection with each other 5 or the manner in 
xvliich the constituent parts are united 5. In anatomy. 

THACK, for thatch, is local. See Thatch. 

THAL'LITE, v. [Gr. Oa'X'Xog.] In mineralogy, a substance 
called pistacite by Werner. 

THAM'MUZ, n. 1. The 4enth month of the Jewish civil 
year, containing 29 days, and answering to a part of June 
and a part of July. 2. The name of a deity among the 
Phenicians. 


THAN, adv. [Sax. thanne ; Goth, than ^ D. dan. This 
word signifies also then, both in English and Dutch,] 
This word is placed after some comparative adjective or 
adverb, to express comparison between what precedes 
and what follows 3 as, wisdom is better than strength. 

THANE, 71 . [Sax. thegn, thwgn.] The thanes in England 
were formerly persons of some dignity. 

THANE'-LANDS, n. Lands granted to thanes. 

THaNE'SIIIP, 71 . The state or dignity of a thane 5 or his 
seignory, 

THANK, V. t, [Sax. thancian ; O., D. danken.] L To ex- 

* See Synopsis, MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 3 — B[JLL, UNITE. 


press gratitude for a favor 3 to make acknowledgments to 
one for kindness bestowed. 2. It is used ironically. 

THANK,^ I n. generally in the plural. [Sax. thane; 

THANKS, 3 Gaelic, tai/tc.] Expression of gratitude 3 an 
acknowledgment made to express a sense of favor or 
kindness received. 

THANKED, pp. Having received expressions of gratitude. 

THANK'FfJL, a. [Sax. thancfull ; Gaelic, taincal.] Grate- 
ful 3 imin-essed with a sense of kindness received, and 
ready to acknowledge it. 

THAi\'K'FlJL-LY, adv. With a grateful sense of favor or 
kindness received. Dryden. 

THANK'FfJL-NESS, n. I. Expression of gratitude 3 ac- 
knowledgment of a favor. 2 . Gratitude 3 a lively sense 
of good received. 

THANK'ING, j)pr. Expressing gratitude for good received. 

THANK'LESS, a. 1. Unthankful 3 ungrateful 3 not ac- 
knowledging favors. 2. Not deserving thanks, or not 
likely to gain thanks. 

THANK'LESS-NESS, 77 . Ingratitude 3 failure to acknowl- 
edge a kindness. Donne. 

THANK'-OF-FER-ING, n. [thank and offering.] An offer- 
ing made in acknowledgment of mercy. Watts. 

fTHANKS-GIVEk (thanks-giv') v. t. '[thanks and give.] 
To celebrate or distinguish by solemn rites. Medc. 

TH ANKS-GiV'ER, n. One wiio gives thanks or acknowl- 
edges a kindness. Barrow. 

THANKS-GIV'ING, ppr. Rendering thanks for good re- 
ceived. 

THANKS-GtVTNG, 77 . I. The act of rendering thanks or 
expressing gratitude for favors or mercies. 2. A public 
celebration of divine goodness 3 also, a day set apart for 
religious services. 


TH ANK'-W 6 R-THY, a. [thank and worthy.] Deserving 
thanks 3 meritorious. I Pet. ii. 

THARM, 77 . [Sax. thearm ; G., D. darm.] Intestines 
twisted into a cord. [Local.] 

THAT, an adjective, pronoun or substitute. [Sax. that, 
that ; Goth, thata ; D. dat ; G. das ; Dan. det ; Sw. det.] 
1. That is a word used as a definitive adjective, pointing 
to a certain person or thing before mentioned, or sup[)Osed 
to be understood. 2. 'That is used definitively, to desig- 
nate a specific thing or person emphatically. 3. That 
used as tiie representative of a noun, either a pci'sou or a 
thing. Ill this use, it is often a jironoun and a relative. 
4. I'hat is also the representative of a sentence, or part ot 
a sentence, and often of a series of sentences. 5. That 
sometimes is the substitute for an adjective 3 as, you alledge 
that the man is hiuocent ; that he is not. 6 . That, in the 




buildings 


a. Exciting wonder. Burton. 


following use, has been called a conjunction ; as, 
heard that tiie Greeks had defeated the Turks.” 7, That 
was formerly used for that which, like what. 8 . 7'hat is 
used in opposition to thL-, or by way of distinction. 9. 
WJien this and that refer to foregoing words, this, like 
the Latin hie, and French ccci, refers to the latter, and 
that to the former. 10. That sometimes introduces an ex- 
planation of something going before . — In that, a phrase 
denoting consequence, cause or reason 3 that referring to 
the following sentence. 

THATCH, 77. [i5ax. thac.] Straw or other substance used 
to cover the roofs of buildings, or stacks of hay or grain, 
for securing them from rain, 6lc. 

THATCH, V. t. To cover with straw, reeds or some similar 
substance. 

THATCHED, pp. Covered with straw or thatch. 

TilATCH'ER, 77 . One whose occupation is to thatch 
iiouses. 

THATCHTNG, ppr. Covering with straw or thatch. 

THATCH'ING, n. The act or art of covering 
with thatch, so as to keep out water. 

THAU-MA-TURGIC, 

TH AU-xM A-TUR'G I-CAL, 

THAU'MA-TUR-GY, 77 . [Gr. Baupa and epyov.] The act 
of performing something wojiderful. Warton. 

THAW, tu o [Sax. thawan. ; C. thauen.] 1. To melt, dis- 
solve or become fluid, as ice or snow. 2. To become so 
warm as to melt ice and snow. 

THAW, V. t. To melt 3 to dissolve 3 as ice, snow, hail or 
frozen earth. 

THAW, 77 . The melting of ice or snow 3 the resolution of 
ice into the state of a fluid. 

THAWED, pp. Melted, as ice or snow. 

TH AWTNG, ppr. Dissolving 3 resolving into a fluid 3 lique- 
fying 3 as any thing frozen. 

THE, an adjective, or dcfaiitive adjective. [Sax. the ; D. dc.] 
1. This adjective is used as a definitive, that is, before 
nouns which are specific or understood 3 or it is used to 
limit their significatioji to a specific thing or things, or to 
describe them 3 as, the laws of the twelve tables.— 2. The 
is also used rhetorically before a noun in the singular num- 
ber, to denote a species by way of distinction 5 a single 
thing representing the wliole 3 as, the fig-tree putteth 
forth her green figs. — 3. In poetry, the sometimes loses 
the final vowel before another vowel. — 4, 2'hc is used 


•€ as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 5 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete 


THE 834 THE 


before adjectives in tlie comparative and superlative de- 
gree. 

THe'AR-€HY, n. [Gr. Seos and Government by 

God ; more commonly called theocracy. 

TIIe' A-TINE, 71. One of an order of nuns conforming to tne 
ruj^es of the Theatins. 

THk^;\.-TINS, 71. An order of regular priests in Naples. 

t THe'A-TUAL, a. Belonging to a theatre. 

THe'A-TRE, ) 71. [Fr. theatre j L. theatrvm ; Gr. Ocarpov.^ 

THe'A-TER, ) I. Among the ancients^ an editice in 
which spectacles or shows were exhibited for the amuse- 
ment of spectators. — 2. In modern times, a liouse for the 
exhibition of dramatic performances, as tragedies, come- 
dies and forces ; a play-house. — 3. Among the Italians, 
an assemblage of buildings, which, by a happy disposition 
and elevation, represents an agreeable scene to tiie eye. 
4. A place rising by steps or gradations like the seats of a 
theatre. 5. A place of action or exhibition. 6. A build- 
ing for the exhibition of scholastic exercises, as at Oxford, 
or for other exhibitions. 

THE-AT'RIG, ) a. Pertaining to a theatre or to scenic 

TflE-AT'RI-GAL, ^ representations j resembling the man- 
ner of dramatic performers. 

THE-AT'RI-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of actors on the 
stage ; in a manner suiting the stage. 

TIIEAVE, or THAVE, 7i. An ewe of the fii-st year. [Lo- 
cal.] 

THEE, pron. obj. case of thou. 

I Til EE, t;. i. [Goth, thihan ; Sax. tliean.] To thrive; to 
prosper. Chaucer. 

THEFT, rt. [Sax. thyfthe.] 1. I’lie act of stealing. — Inlatc, 
the private, unlawthl, felonious taking of another person’s 
goods or movables, with an intent to steal them. 2. The 
thing stolen. Ex. xxii. 

THEFT'-BOTE, n. [theft, and Sax. bote.] In law, the re- 
ceiving of a man’s goods again from a thief. 

THEIR, a. pronorn. [Sax. hiara ; Ice. theirra.] 1. Their 
has the sense of a pronominal adjective, denoting of them, 
or the possession of two or more.— 2. Theirs is used as a 
substitute for the adjective and the noun to whicli it re- 
fers, and in this case it may be the nominative to a 
verb. 

THe'ISM, 71. [from Gr. 0£o?.] The 1>elief or acknowledg- 
ment of the existence of a God, as opposed to atheism. 

TIIeHST, 71. One who believes in the existence of a God. 

THE-IS^TI€, / a. Pertaining to tlreism, or to a theist ; 

THE-IS'T1-€AL, f according to the doctrine of theists. 

THEM, pron.; the objective case of they, and of both gen- 
ders. 

THEME, n. [L. thevia : Gr. Oep.a.] 1. A subject or topic 
on which a person writes or speaks. 2. A short disserta- 
tion composed by a student. — 3. In grammar, a radical 
verb, or the verb in its primary absolute sense, not modi- 
fied by inflections. — 4. In 7nusic, a series of notes selected 
as the text or subject of a new composition. 

THEM-SELVES', a compound of them and selves, and 
added to they by way of emphasis or pointed distinction. 

THEN, adv. [Goth., Sax. thanne ; G. daim ; D. dan.] 1. At 
that time, referring to a time specified, either past or fu- 
ture. 2. Afterward ; soon afterward, or immediately. 3. 
In that case ; in consequence. Gal. iii. 4. Therefore ; 
for this reason. 5. At another time. 6. TJiat time. Mil- 
ton. 

THENCE, (thens) adv. [Sax. tha7ian, than on ; G. dannen,] 
1. From that place. 2. From that time. 3. For that 
reason. 

THENCE'FoRTII, (thens'forth) adv. [thence and foi'th.] 
From that time. 

THENCE-FOR'WARD, adv. [the7ice and forward.] From 
that time onward. Kettleioell. 

fTHENCETROM, adv. From that place. 

THE-OG'R A-CY, 7i. [Fr. theocracie ; It. teocrazia ; Sp. te- 
ecracia ; Gr. Oeog and Kparog-] Government of a state by 
the immediate direction of God ; or the state thus gov- 
erned . 

THE-O-GRATTC, ) a. Pertaining to a theocracy ; ad- 

THE-0-CRAT'I-€AL, \ ministered by the immediate di- 
rection of God. 

THE-ODd-CY, 77. [Gr. Oeog, and L. dico.] The science of 
God ; metaphysical theology. Leibnitz. 

TIIE-Op^O-LITE, 71. An instrument for taking the heights 
and distances of objects, or for measuring horizontal and 
vertical angles in land-surveying. 

THE-OG^O-NY, 71. [Fr. theogonie : Gr. Oeoyovia.] In my- 
thology, the generation of the gods ; or that branch of 
heathen theology which taught the genealogy of their de- 
ities. 

THE-OL'O-GAS-TER, n. A kind of quack in divinity. 

THE-O-Lo'Gl-AN, n. A divine ; a person well versed in 
theology, or a professor of divinity. Milton. 

THE-O-LOG'TG, ) a. Pertaining to divinity, or the 

THE-O-LOG'I-CAL, j| science of God and of divine I 
things. ' 


THE-O-LOGT-GAL-LY, adv. According to the principles 
of theology. 

THE-OL'O-GIST, 71. A divine; one studious in the science 
of divinity, or one well versed in that science. 
THE-OL'O-GIZE, v. t. 1. To render theological. 2. v. i. 

To frame a system of theology ; [i. m.] 
THE-OL'0-GlZ-ER, 71. A divine, or a professor of theology. 
[Ujiusual.] Boijle. 

THe'O-LOGUE, for theologist. [Little Tised.] 
THE-OL'O-GY, n. [Fr. tlieologie ; It., Sp. teologia ; Gr. 
Oco\oyia.] Divinity ; the science of God and divine 
things ; or the science which teaches the existence, cliar- 
acter and attributes of God, his laws and government, 
the doctrines we are to believe, and the duties we are to 
practice. 

TIIE-OM'A-€HIST, n. [Gr. Qeog and One who 

fights against the gods. Bailey. 

TI1E-0M'A-€HY, 71. 1. A fighting against the gods. 2. 
Opposition to the divine will. 

THE-OP'A-THY, n. [Gr. Qeog and nadog.] Religious suf- 
fering; sufiering for the purpose of subduing sinful pro- 
pensities. Quart. Review. 

THE-OR'BO, 77. [It. tiorba ; Fr. tuorbe, or teorbe.] A musi- 
cal instrument made like a large lute, except that it has 
tvvo necks or juga. 

THe'O-REM, 71. [Fr. theo7’eme ; Sp., It. teorema ; Gr. 
Qewpypa.] 1. In 777at/7e777ai7cs, a proposition which termi- 
nates in theory, and which considers the properties of 
tilings already made or done. — 2. In algebra or analysis, 
it is sometimes used to denote a rule, particularly when 
that rule is expressed by symbols. 

THE-O-RE-MATTG, ) a. Pertaining to a theorem ; com- 
TIIE-O-RE-MATH-GAL, > prised in a theorem ; coiisist- 
THE-O-REM'ie, ) ing of theorems. 

THE-O-KETTG, I a. [Gr. dewpvriKog. See Theory.] 
THE-0-RET'I-€AL, \ Pertaining to theory ; depending 
on theory or speculation ; speculative ; terminating in 
theory or speculation ; not practical. 
TIIE-O-RET'I-CAL-LY, adv. In or by theory; in specu- 
lation ; speculatively ; not practically 
TIlK'O-Rie, 71. Speculation. Shak. 
f THE-OR'ie, for theoretic. See Theoretic. 
THe'O-RIST, 77. Due who forms theories; one given to 
theory and speculation. Addison. 

TIIe'O-RIZE, V. i. To form a theory or theories ; to specu- 
late. 

THe'O-RY, 77. [Fr. theorie ; It. teoria ; L. theoria ,* Gr. 
Oeojpia.] ]. Speculation ; a doctrine or scheme of things, 
which terminates in speculation or contemplation, with- 
out a view to practice. 2.' An exposition of the general 
principles of any science. 3. The science distinguished 
from the art. 4. d’he philosophical explanation of phe- 
nomena, either physical or moral. — Theo7-y is distinguish- 
ed from hypothesis thus ; a theory is founded on inferences 
drawn from principles which have been established on in- 
dependent evidence; a hypothesis is a proposition assum- 
ed to account for certain phenomena, and has no other 
evidence of its trutli,than that it affords a satisfactory ex- 
})lanation of those phenomena. D. Olmsted.. 
THE-0-S0PHT€, } a. Pertaining to tlieosophism or to 
THE-O-SOPIPI-GAL, ji theosophists ; divinely wise. 
TIIE-OSdD-PHISM, 77. [Gy. Oeog and coipicpa.] Pretension 
to divine illumination ; entliusiasm. 

TIIE-OS'O-PHIST, 77. One who pretends to divine illumi- 
nation ; one who pretends to derive his knowledge from 
divine revelation. 

THE-OS O-PllY, 77. 1. Divine wisdom; godliness. Ed. En- 
cyc. 2. Knowledge of God. Good. 

THER-A-PEu'TI€, 77. [Gr. OfpaTrtunxoj.] Curative ; that 
pertains to the healing art. Watts. 

THER-A-PEU'TI€S, 77. 1. That part of medicine which 
respects the discovery and application of remedies for dis- 
eases. 2. A religious sect described by Philo. They were 
devotees to religion. 

THERE, adv. [Sax. thwr ; Goth, thar ; D. daar ; Sw. dar ; 
Dan. der.] 1. In that place. 2. It is sometimes opposed 
to here ; there denoting the place most distant. — 3. Here 
and there, in one place and anotlier. 4. It is sometimes 
used by way of exclamation, calling the attention to some- 
thing distant. — 5. lliere is used to begin sentences, or be- 
fore a verb ; sometimes pertinently, and sometimes with- 
out signification ; but its use is so firmly established that 
it cannot be dispensed with. — 6. In composition, there has 
the sense of a pronoun, as in Saxon; as, thereby, which 
signifies by that. 

THERE- A-BOUT', ) adv. [there and about.] ]. Near 
THERE-A-BOUTS', ) that place. Shak. 2. Nearly ; 
near that number, degree or quantity. 3. Concerning 
that ; [Z. 77.] 

TIIERE-AF'TER, adv. [there and after.] 1. According to 
that ; accordingly. 2. After that. 


* See S7jnopsis. a, E, I, O, C, Y, Zot75-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD | Obsolete. 


THl 


835 


THI 


THERE-AT', adv. {there and at.] 1. At that place. 2. At 
that ; at that thing or event ; on that account. 
THERE-By^, adv. {there and by.] By that} by that means} 
in consequence of that. 

TIIERE-FOR', adv. [ther e.Tiwd for.] For that or this, or it. 
^THERE'FORE, (therefore) atZy. [tAcre and /or.] 1. For 

tJiat ; for that or this reason, reterring to something previ- 
ously stated. 2. Consequently. 3. In return or recom- 
pense for this or that. 

TUgRE-FROAF, adv. {there and frojn.] From this or that. 
THERE-IN^, adv. [t/iereand i«.] In that or this place, time 
or thing. 

THERE-IN-TQ/, arZo. [there and into.] Into that. Bacon. 
THERE-OF^, adv. [there and of.] Of tliat or this. 
TIIERE-ON', adv. [there and on.] On that or this. 
THERE-OUT', adv. [there and oat.] Out of that or this. 
THERE-TO', or THERE-UN-To^, adv. [there and to or un- 
. to.]’ To that or this, 

THERE-Ui\'DER, adv. Under that or tliis. 
TIIERE-UF-ON', adv. [there and upo7i.] 1. Upon that or 
this. 2. In consequence of that. 3. Immediately, 
t TIIERE-WHiLE', adv. At the same time. 
THERE-WITII', adv. [there and with.] With that or this, 

I TIIERE-WITH-AL', adv. [there and withal.] 1. Over 
and above. 2. At the same time. 3. With that, 

[The foregoing compounds o/ there with the prepositions, are, 
for the most part, deemed inelegant and obsolete.] 
fTIIERF'-BREAD, (therf'bred) n. [Sax. tluerf, theorf] 
Unleavened bread. Wicliffe. 

TIIe'RI-AC, ?i. [1j. theriaca Gr. SrjpiaKi].] .Anciently, used 
for a remedy against poison } afterwards, for a kind of trea- 
cle. 

TIIe'RI-AC, \ a. Pertaining totheriac-, medicinal. Ba- 
TIIE-RPA-OAL, \ con. 

THER'MAL, a. [L. thermce.] Pertaining to heat } warm. 
TIIER'MO-LAMP, n. [Gr. deppog, and lamp.] An instru- 
ment for furnishing light by means of inflammable gas. 
THER-MOM'E-TER, n. [Gr. Ocppog and perpov.] An in- 
strument for measuring heal. 

TIIER-MO-MET^RI-CAL, a. 1. Pertaining to a thermomo- 
ter. 2. Made by a thermometer. 
TIIER-MO-MET'RI-CAL-LY, adv. By means of a ther- 
mometer. 

THER'MO-SCOPE, 7?. [Gr. Oeppy and cKoneo).] An instru- 
ment showing the temperature of the air, or the degree of 
h^at and cold. 

these, pron. ; plu. of this, and used as an adjective or 
substitute. These is opposed to those, as this is to that, 
and when two persons or things, or collection of things, are 
named, these refers to the tilings or persons which are 
nearest in place or order, or which are last mentioned. 
THe^SIS, n. [L. thesis ; Gr. Oeai^.] 1. A position or prop- 
osition which a person advances and ofl’ers to maintain, 
or which is actually maintained by argument } a theme ; 
a subject. — 2. In logic, every proposition may be divided 
into thesis and hypothesis. Thesis contains the thing af- 
firmed or denied, and hypothesis the conditions of the af- j 
tirmation or negation. i 

THES'MO-THeTE, n. [Gr. dcapoBtrys.] A lawgiver. 
TIIET'I-CAL, a. [Gr. BeTiKos.] Laid down. More. 
THE-UR'GIC, 1 a. Pertaining to the power of perform- 
THE-UR'G[-CAL, ( ing supernatural things. 
TllE'UR-GiST, n. One who pretends to or is addicted to 
theurgy. Hallywell. 

THe'UR-GY, 7?. [Gr. Beovpyta.] The art of doing things 
which it is the peculiar province of God to do } or the 
power or act of performing supernatural things by invok- 
ing the names of God or of subordinate agents } magic. 
fTIIEW, 71. [Fax. theaw ; Gr. c^oj.] 1. Manner} cus- 
tom ; liabit } form of behavior. Spenser. 2. Brawn. Shak. 
tTHEWED, a. Accustomed} educated. Spenser. 

THEY, pron. plu.; objective case, them. [Fax. thwge ; Goth. 
thai, thaim.] 1. The men, the women, the animals, the 
things. It is never used adjectively, but alvvaj^s as a pro- 
noun referring to persons, or as a substitute referring to 
things. 2. It is used indefinitely, as our ancestors used 
7nan, and as the French use on. They say, [oti dit,] that 
iSj it is said by persons, indefinitely. 

THi'BLE, 71. A slice } a skimmer } a spatula. [Wot in use, 
nr local.] Jlinsworth. 

THI€K, a. [Sax. thic, thicca ; G. dick, dicht ; D. dik, digt.] 
1. Dense; not thin. 2. Inspissated. 3. Turbid; mud- 
d}' ; feculent ; not clear. 4. Noting the diameter of a 
body. 5. Having more depth or extent from one surface 
to its opposite than usual. 6. Close ; crowded with trees 
or other objects. 7. Frequent ; following each other in 
quick succession. 8. Set with things close to each other ; 
not easily pervious. 9. Not having due distinction of 
syllables or good articulation. 10. Dull ; somewhat deaf. 
THICK, 71. 1. The thickest part, or the time when any 
thing is thickest. 2. A thicket ; [oZ>5.] — Thick and thin, 
whatever is in the way. 


rilICK, adv. 1. Frequently ; fast. 2. Closely. 3. To 
a great depth, or to a thicker depth than usual. — Thick 
and threefold, in quick succession, or in great numbers : 
[oZ>s.] 

t 3 HICK, V. i. To become thick or dense. Spenser. 

THICK'EN, (thikhi) v. t. [Sax. thiccian.] 1. To make 
thick or dense. 2. To make close ; to fill up interstices. 
3. I o make concrete } to inspissate. 4. To strengJhen ; 
to confirm ; [oZ>s.] 5. To make frequent, or moie fre- 

quent. 6. To make close, or more close; to make more 
numerous. 

THICK'EN, (tliikhi) v. i. 1. To become thick or more thick ; 
to become dense. 2. To become darker obscure. 3. To 
concrete; to be consolidated. 4. To be inspissated. 5. 
To become close, or more close or numerous. 6. To be- 
come quick and animated. 7. To become more numer- 
ous ; to press ; to be crowded. 

THIGK'ENED, pp. Made dense, or more dense; made 
more close or compact ; made more frequent ; insjiis- 
sated. 

THI€K'EN-ING, ppr. IMaking dense or more dense, more 
close or more frequent ; inspissating. 

THI€K'EN-ING, n. Something put into a liquid or mass to 
make it more thick. 

THICKSET, 71. \ wood or collection of trees or shrubs 
closely set. 

THIGK'HEAD-ED, a. Having a thick skull; dull; stu- 
pid. 

THIGKTSH, a. Somewhat thick. 

THIGK'LY, adv. 1. Deeply ; to a great depth. 2. Closely ; 
compactl 5 ^ 3. In quick succession. 

THICK'NESS, 7?. 1. The. state of being thick ; denseness ; 
density. 2. The state of being concrete or inspissated ; 
consistence ; spissitude. 3. The extent of a body from 
side to side, or from surface to surface. 4. Closeness of 
the parts ; the state of being crowded or near. 5. The 
state of being close, dense or impervious. 6. Dullness 
of the sense of hearing ; want of quickness or acuteness. 

THICK'SET, a. [thick and set.] 1. Close-planted. 2. 
Having a short, thick bod.v- 

THIOK'iSKULL, n. [thick and skull.] Dullness ; or a dull 
person ; a blockhead. Entick. 

THICK'SKULLED, a. Dull; heavy; stupid; slow to 
learn. 

THICK'SKIN, 77. [thick and skhi.] A coarse, gross person ; 
a blockhead. Entick. 

THICK'SPRUNG, a. [thick and sprung.] Fprung up close 
together. Fnitick. Shak. 

THIeF, 7?.,* plu. Thieves (theevz). [Sax. the of ; Sw. tiuf ; 
D. dief.] 1. A person guilty of theft ; one who secretly, 
unlawfully and feloniously takes the goods or personal 
property of another. 2. One who takes the property of 
another wrongfully, either secretly or by violence. Job 
XXX. 3. One who seduces by false doctrine. John x. 4. 
One who makes it his business to cheat and defraud. 
Jraft. xxi. 5. An excrescence in the snuff of a candle. 

THlEF'-C.yrCH-ER, 77. One who catches thieves. 

THIeF'-LeAD-ER, 77. [thief and lead.] One who leads or 
takes a thief. [.Vet much used.] 

TH1eF'-1’aK-ER, 77. One whose business is to find and 
tak^ thieves and bring them to justice. 

THIeVE, V. 7. To steal ; to practice theft. 

THIeV'ER-Y, 77. 1. I'he practice of stealing; theft. South. 
2. That which is stolen. Shak. 

thiev ish, a. 1. Given to stealing ; addicted to the prac- 
tice of theft. 2. Secret ; sly ; acting by stealth. 3. Far- 
taking of the nature of theft. 

THIeV'ISH-LY, adv. In a thievish manner; by theft. 

THiEVffSH-NESS, 77. 1. The disposition to steal. 2. The 
practice or habit of stealing. 

THiG!H,(lhI) 77. [Sax.thegh, then,ortheoh ; D. dye.] That part 
of men, quadrupeds and fowls, which is between the leg 
and the trunk. 

t THILK, P7-077. [Sax. tAi/c.] The same. Spenser. 

THILL, 77. [Sax. thil, or thill.] The shaft of a cart, gig or 
other carriage. 

THILL'ER, ) 77. The horse which goes between the 

THILL'-HORSE, \ thills or shafts, and supports them.— 
In a team, the last horse. 

THIM'BLE, 77 . 1. A kind of cap or cover for the finger, 
usually made of metal, used by tailors and seamstresses 
for driving the needle through cloth. — 2. In sea lan- 
g 7 ia£re, an iron ring with a hollow or groove round its 
whole circumference, to receive the rope which is spliced 
about it. 

THl ME. See Thvme. 

THIN, a. [Sax. thinn, thijmi ; G. diinn ; D. dun ; Sw. tunv.] 
1. Having little thickness or extent from one surface to 
the opposite. 2. Rare ; not dense ; applied to fluids or to 
soft 7 niztures. 3. Not close ; not crowded ; not filling the 
space ; not having the individuals that compose the thing 
ir« a close or compact state. 4. Not lull or w’ell grown. 5. 
Slim; small; slender; lean. 6. Exile; small; fine ; not 
full. 7. Not thick or close; of a loose texture; not im- 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


THI 


836 THO 


pervious to the sight. 8. Not crowded or well-stocked ; 
not abounding. 9 ." Slight ; not sufficient for a covering. 

THIN, adc. Not thickly or closely ; in a scattered state. 

THIN, V. t. [Sax. thinnian.'] 1 . To make thin j to make 
rare or less thick ; to attenuate. 2 . To make less close, 
crowded or numerous. 3 . To attenuate ; to rarefy ; to 
make less dense. 

THINE, pronominal adj. [Goth, theins, theina ; Sax. thin ; 
G. dein : Fr. tien.] Thy ; belonging to thee ; relating to 
thee ; being the property of thee. The principal use of 
thine^ now, is when a verb is interposed between this word 
and the noun to which it refers j as, I W'ill not take any 
thing that is thine. 

THING, 71 . [Sax. thing ; G. ding ; D. ding ; Sw. ting ; Dan. 

1 . An event or action ; that which happens or 
falFs out, or that which is done, told or proposed. 2 . Any 
substance 3 that which is created ; any particular article 
or commodity. 3 . An animal. 4 . A portion or part 3 
something. 5 . In contempt. 6. Used of persons in con- 
tempt. 7 . Used in a sense of honor. 

THINK, r. i.; pret. and pp. thought, (thawt). [Sax. thine an, 
thencan 3 Goth, thagkyan ; Sw. tycka and Uenka ; Dan. 
tykker and ttenker D. denken.1 1 . To 4 iave the mind oc- 
cupied on some subject 3 to have ideas, or to revolve ideas 
in the mind. 2 . To judge 3 to conclude 3 to hold as a set- 
tled opinion. 3 . To intend. 4 . To imagine 3 to suppose 3 
to fancy. 5 . To muse 3 to meditate. 6. To reflect 3 to 
recollect or call to mind. 7 . To consider 3 to deliberate. 
8. To presume. 9 . To believe 3 to esteem. — To think on, 
or upon. 1. To muse 003 to meditate on. 2 . To light 
on by meditation. 3 . To remember with favor. — To think 
of, to have ideas come into the mind. — To think well of , 
to hold in esteem 3 to esteem. 

THINK, 7?. £. 1. To conceive 3 to imagine. 2 . To believe 3 
to consider 3 to esteem. 3 . To seem or appear, as in the 
phrases me thinketh or methinks, and inethought . — To 
think much, to grudge. — To think much of, to hold in high 
esteem. — To think scorn, to disdain. Esth. iii. 

THINK'ER, 71 . One who thinks 3 but chiefly, one who 
thinks in a particular manner. Swift. 

THINKTNG, ppr. 1 . Having ideas 3 supposing 5 judging 3 
imagining 3 intending 3 meditating. 2 . n. Having the 
faculty of thought 3 cogitative 3 capable of a regular train 
of ideas. 

THINKTNG, n. Imagination 3 cogitation ; judgment. 

THIN LY, fldc. [from £/a/i.] In a loose, scattered manner 3 
not thickly. 

THIN NESS, 71 . 1 . The state of being thin 3 smallness of 
extent from one side or surffice to the opposite. 2 . Tenu- 
ity 3 rareness. 3 . A state approaching to fluidity, or even 
fluidity 3 opposed to spissitude. 4 . Exility. 5 . Rareness 3 
a scattered state 3 paucity. 

THIRD, a. [Sax. thridda ,* Goth, thridya ,* G. dritte ; D. 
derde.\ The first after the second 3 the ordinal of three. 

THIRD, n. 1 . The third part of any thing. 2 . The six- 
tieth part of a second of time. — 3 . In music, an interval 
containing three diatonic sounds. 

THIRD B6R-OUGH, (thurd'bur-ro) n. [third and borough.'] 
An under constable. Johnson. 

THIRD INGS, 71 . The third year of the corn or grain grow- 
ing on the ground at the tenant’s death, due to the lord 
for a heriot, within the manor of Turfat, in Hereford- 
shire. 

THIRD'LY, adv. In the third place. Bacon. 

THIRDS, 77. plu. The third part of the estate of a deceased 
husband, which by law the widow is entitled to enjoy 
during her life. JVew England. 

THIRL, V. t. [Sax. thirlian.] To bore 5 to perforate. It is 
now written drill and thrill. [See these words.] 

THIRL' AGE, n. In English customs, the right which the 
owner of a mill possesses, by contract or law, to compel 
the tenants of a certain district to bring all their grain to 
his mill for grinding. 

THIRST, n. [Sax. thurst, thyrstj G. durst ; D. dorst ; Sw. 

torst ; Dan. t'drst.] 1 . A painful sensation of the throat or 
fauces, occasionea by the want of drink. 2 . A v’ehement 
desire of drink, Ps. civ. 3 . A want and eager desire 
after any thing. 4 . Dryness 3 drought. 

THIRST, V. i. [Sax. thyrstan ; D. dorsten ; G. dursten; Sw. 

torsta : Dam. tdrster.] 1. To experience a painful sensa- 
tion of the throat or fauces for want of drink. 2 . To have 
a vehement desire for any thing. 

THIRST, V. t. To want to drink 3 as, to thirst blood. [Ao£ 
English.] Prior. 

THIRST'I-NESS, n. [from thirsty.] The state of being 
thirsty 3 thirst. Wotton. 

THiRST'ING, ppr. Feeling pain for want of drink. 

THIRST Y, a. 1 . Feeling a painful sensation of the throat 
or fauces for want of drink. 2 . Very dry 5 having no 
moisture 3 parched. 3 . Having a vehement desire of any 
thing. 

THiR'TEEN, a. [Sax. threottyne ; three and ten.] Ten and 
three. 


THIR'TEENTH, a. The third after the tenth 3 the ordinal 
of thirteen. 

THIR'TEENTH, n. In music, an interval forming the oc- 
tave of the sixth, or sixth of the octave. Busby. 

THIR'TI-ETH, a. [from thirty. ^ Sax. thrittigotha.] The 
tenth threefold 3 the ordinal of thirty. 

THIR'TY, <7. [Sax.thrittig } G, dreissig ; 'D. dertig.] Thrice 
ten 3 or twenty and ten. 

THIS, definitive adjective or substitute ; plu. These. [Sax. 
this ; Dan. plu. disse ; Sw. dessa, dessc ,* G. das, dessen ; 
D. deeze, dit.] 1 . 7'his is a definitive, or definitive adjec- 
tive, denoting something that is present or near in place 
or time, or something just mentioned. — 2 . By this, is used 
elliptically for by this time. — 3 . This is used with words 
denoting time past 3 as, I have taken no snuff for this 
month. — 4 . l^his is opposed to that. 5 . When this and 
that refer to different things before expressed, this refers 
to the thing last mentioned, and that to the thing first 
mentioned. 6. It is sometimes opposed to other. 

THIS'TLE, (this !) n. [Sax. thistel; G., D. d'lstel ,* Sw. tis~ 
tel.] The common name of numerous prickly plants of 
the class syngenesia, and several genera. 

THIS'TLY, (this'ly) a. Overgrown with thistles. 

THITH ER, adv. [Sax. thider, thyder.] 1 . To that place ; 
opposed to hither. 2 . To that end or point . — Hither and 
thither, to this place and to that 3 one way and another. 

t THITH ER-TO, adv. To that end 3 so far. 

TIUTH'ER-WARD, adv. Toward that place. 

THO. 1 . A contraction of [See Though.] 2 . The, 

for Sax. thonne, then 5 [ois.] Spenser. 

THOLE, 71 . [Sax. £AoZ ; Ir., Gaelic, d7tZa.] 1 . A pin inserted 
into the gunwale of a boat, to keep the oar in the row- 
lock, when used in rowing. 2 . The pin or handle of a 
sythe-snath. 

f THOLE, V. t. [Sax. tholian ; Goth, thulan ; G., D. dulden.] 
To bear 3 to endure 3 to undergo. Gower. 

THOLE, V. i. To wait. [Local.] 

THOLE, 77. [L. tholus.] The roof of a temple. [JVbZ zised, 
or local.] 

THoAIA-ISM, ) 77. The doctrine of St. Thomas Aquinas 

TPIo'MISM, J with respect to predestination and grace. 

THo'MIST, 77. A follower of Thomas Aquinas, in opposi- 
tion to the Scotists. 

THOM'SON-ITE, 77. A mineral of the zeolite family. 

THONG, 77. [Sax. thwavg.] A strap of leather, used for 
fastening any thing. Dryden. 

THO-RAC'IG, a. [L. thorax.] Pertaining to the breast. 

THO-RACTCS, n. plu. In ichthyology, an order of bony 
fisdies, respiring by means of gills only. 

THo'RAL, a. [L. thorus.] Pertaining to a bed. 

THo'RAX, 77. [L.] In anatomy, that part of the human 
skeleton which consists of the bones of the chest 3 also, 
the cjudty of the chest. Cyc. 

THO-RPNA, 77. An earth resembling zirconia. 

THORN, 77. [Sax. thorn ; G. dorn ; D. doom ,• Dan. tome.] 
1 . A tree or shrub armed with spines or sharp ligneous 
shoots. 2 . A sharp, ligneous or woody shoot from the 
stem of a tree or shrub 3 a sharp process from the woody 
part of a plant 3 a spine. 3 . Any thing troublesome. — 4 . 
In Scripture, great difficulties and impediments. 5 . World- 
ly cares 3 tlungs which prevent the growth of good prin- 
ciples. JSIatt. xiii. 

THORN'-AP-PLE, n. [thoini and apple.] A plant of the 
genus datura ; a popular name of the datura stramonium, 
or apple of Peru. Bigelow. 

THORN -BAUK, n. [thorn and back.] A fish of the ray 
kind, which has prickles on its back. 

THORN'-BUSH, n. A shrub that produces thorns. 

THORN'-BUT, n. A fish, a but or turbot. Jiinsworth. 

THORX'-HEDGE, 77. [£/ 707 - 7 i and hedge.] A hedge or fence 
consisting of thorn. 

THORN'LESS, a. Destitute of thorns. 

THORN'Y, a. 1 . Full of thorns or spines 3 rough with 
thorns. 2 , Troublesome 3 vexatious 3 harassing 3 perplex- 
ing. 3 . Sharp 3 pricking 3 vexatious. 

THORN'Y REST'HAR-RoW, 77. A plant. Cyc. 

THORN' Y-TRe'FOIL, n. A plant of the genus fagonia. 

THOR OUGH, (thur ro) a. [Sax. thurh ; G. durch ; D.door.] 
]. Literally, passing through or to the end 3 hence, com- 
plete 5 perfect. 2 . Passing through. 

t THoR'OUGH, (thur'ro) prep. 1. From side to side, or from 
end to end. 2. By means of 3 see Through. 

THoR OUGH, (thur'ro) n. An inter-furrow between two 
ridges. Cyc. 

THoR'OL’GH-BASE, (thur'ro-base) n. In music, an accom- 
paniment to a continued base by figures. 

TH6R pUGH-BRED, (thur'ro-bred) a. [thorough and bred.] 
Completely taught or accomplished. 

THOR'OUGH-FARE, (thur'ro-fare) 71. [thorough and fare.] 
1 . A passage through 3 a passage from one street or open- 
ing to another 3 an unobstructed way. 2 . Power of pEiss- 
ing. Alilton. 

TH 6 R' 0 UGH-LY, (thur'ro-ly) adv. Fully 5 entirely 5 com- 
pletely. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0 , U, Y, long FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY 5— PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


THR 


B37 


THR 


THC)R*OUGH-PaCED, (thur^ro-p5st) a, [thoroug'h and 
paced.] Perfect in what is undertaken 5 complete”^ going 
all lengths. 

THoR'OlJGH-SPED, (thur'ro-sped) a. [thorough and sped.] 
Fully accomplished ; thorough-paced. Swift? 

THoR'OUGH-STITClI, (thur^ro-stich) ado. Fully 3 com- 
pletely ; going the whole length of any business. 

THoK'OUGH-WaX, (thur^ro-wax) n. [£/iorou^/i and wax.] 
A plant of the genus bupleurum. Lee. 

TfI 6 R'OUGH-W 6 RT, (tliurho-wurt) n. The popular name 
of a plant, the eupatorium perfoliatum. 

THORP. [fc>ax. thorpe ,• D. dorp ; G. dorf ; Sw., Dan. torp ; 
W. trev j Gaelic, Ir. treabh ; L. The word, in 

Welsh, signifies a dwelling-place, a homestead, a hamlet, 
a town. In our language, it occurs now only in names of 
places and persons. 

TIIOS, 7 i. An animal of the wolf kind. Cyc. 

THOSE, pron ; plu. of That ; as, those men. See These. 

THOU, pron. ; in the obj. thee. [Sax. thu ,* G., Sw., Dan. du ; 
L., Fr., It., Sp., Port, tu.] The second personal pronoun, 
in the singular number; the pronoun which is used in 
addressing persons in the solemn style. — Thou is used 
only in the solemn style, unless in very familiar language, 
and by the Ouakers. 

THOU, V. t. To treat with familiarity. Shak. 

THOU, V. i. To use thou and thee in discourse. 

THOUGH, (tho) V. i. [Sax. theah ; Goth, thauh ; G. doch ; 
Sw. dock ; D., Dan.do^. This is the imperative of a verb ; 
commonly, but not correctly, classed among co?yu 77 c£io 7 ts.l 

1. Grant; admit; allow. 2. Used with as. 3. It is used 
in familiar language, at the end of a sentence. 4. It is 
compounded with all, in although, which see. 

THOUGHT, pret. and pp. of think ,• pronounced thawt. 

THOUGHT, (thawt) n. [primarily the passive participle of 
think j Sax. theaht.] 1. Properly, that which the mind 
thinks. Thought is either the act or operation of the 
mind, when attending to a particular subject or thing, 
or it is the idea consequent on that operation. 2. Idea; 
conception. 3. Fancy ; conceit ; something framed by 
the imagination. 4. Reflection ; particular consideration. 
5. Opinion ; judgment. 6 . Meditation; serious consider- 
ation. 7. Design ; purpose. 8 . Silent contemplation. 9. 
Solicitude ; care ; concern. 10. Inward reasoning ; the 
workings of conscience. 11. A small degree or quanti- 
ty ; [ 06 s.] — To take thought, to be solicitous or anxious. 
Matt. vi. 

THOUGHTTIIL, (thawt'ful) a. 1. Full of thought ; con- 
templative ; employed in meditation. 2. Attentive ; care- 
ful ; having the mind directed to an object. 3. Promoting 
serious thought; favorable to musing or meditation. 4. 
Anxious ; solicitous. 

THOUGHT'FUL-LY, ado. With thought or consideration ; 
with solicitude. 

THOUGHT'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Deep meditation. 2. Seri- 
ous attention to spiritual concerns. 3. Anxiety ; solici- 
tude. 

THOUGHT'LESS, a. 1. Heedless; careless; negligent. 

2. Gav ; dissipated. 3. Stupid ; dull. 

THOUGHT'LESS-LY, ado. Without thought ; carelessly ; 

stupidly. Garth. 

THOUGHT'LESS-NESS, n. Want of thought; heedless- 
ness ; carelessness ; inattenti.*n. 

THOUGHT'SIUK, a. Uneasy with reflection. 

THOU'.SAND, a. [Sax. thusend ; Goth, thusund ; G. tau- 
send.] 1. Denoting the number of ten hundred. — ^2. Pro- 
verbially, denoting a great number indefinitely. 

THOU'sAND, 7 i. The number often hundred. 

THOU'SANDTH, a. The ordinal of thousand. 

THOU'SANDTH, n. The thousandth part of any thing. 

THoWL. See Thole. 

fTHRACK, V. t. To load or burden. South. 

THRALL, n. [Sax. thrall ^ Dan. £ra;Z ; Sw. tral.] 1. A 
slave. 2. Slavery ; [o&s.J 

tl’HRALL, V. t. To enslave. [Enthrall is in use.] 

THRADL'DOM, 71 . [Dan. trwldom.] Slavery ; bondage ; a 
state of servitude. 

THUAP'PLE, V. The windpipe of an animal. [ATpi an 
English ward.] Scott. 

THRASH, V. t. [Sax. tharscan, or therscan ,* G. dreschen ,* 
\). dcrschen. \l \s, wxMien thrash ox thresh.] 1. To beat 
out grain from the husk or pericarp with a flail. 2. To 
beat corn ofl' from the cob or spike. 3. To beat soundly 
with a stick or whip ; to drub. 

THRASH, v.i. 1. To practice thrashing; to perform the 
business of thrashing. 2. To labor ; to drudge. 

THRASHED, pp. 1. Reaten out of the husk or off the ear. 
2. Freed from the grain by beating. 

THRASH'ER, v. One who thrashes grain. 

THRASH'ING, ppr. Beating out of the husk or off the ear ; 
beating soundly with a stick or whip. 

THRASH'ING, n. The act of beating out grain with a flail ; 
a sound drubbing. 

THRASH'ING-FLoOR, n. [thrash and fioor.] A floor or 
area on which grain is beaten out. 


THRA-SONT-UAL, a. [from Thraso.] 1. Boasting ; given 
to bragging. 2. Boastful ; implying ostentatious dis- 
play. 


THRA-SON'I-CAL-LY, ado. Boastfully. Johnson 


fTHRAVE, 71 
fTHRAVE, 71. 
THREAD, ) n. 


Sax. draf.] A drove ; a herd. 


W. dreva.] The number of two dozen. 
Sax. thred, thrwd ; i). draad.] 1. Avery 
THRED, \ small twist of flax, wool, cotton, silk or other 
fibrous substance, drawn out to a considerable length. 2. 
3'he filament of a flower. 3. The filament of any fibrous 
substance, as of bark. 4. A fine filament or line of gold 
or silver. — 5. Air-threads, the fine white filaments which 
are seen floating in the air in summer, the production of 
spiders. 6. Something continued in a long course or ten- 
or. 7. The prominent spiral part of a screw. 

THREAD, (thred) V. £. 1. To pass a thread, through the 
eye ; as, to thread a needle. 2. To pass or jiierce through, 
as a narrow way or channel. 

THREAD'BARE, a. [thread and bare.] 1. Worn to the 
• naked thread ; having the nap worn off. 2. Worn out ; 
trite ; hackneyed ; used till it has lost its novelty or in- 
terest. 


THREAD'BARE-NESS, n. The state of being threadbare 
or trite. 

THREADEN, a. Made of thread. [Little used.] 

THREAD'-SHaPED, a. In botany, filiform. 

THREAD'Y, a. 1. Like thread or filaments; slende' . 
Grander. 2. Containing thread. 

THRkAP, V. t. [Sax. threapian, or rather threagan.] To 
chide, contend or argue. [Local.] Ainsworth. 

.THREAT, (thret) n. [Sax. threat.] A menace ; denuncia- 
tion of ill ; declaration of an intention or determination to 
inflict punishment, loss or pain on another. 

THREAT, (thret) 71. t. To threaten, which see. — Threat is 
used only in poetry. Dryden. 

THREAT'EN, (thret tn) v. t. [Sax. threatian; D. dreigen-, 
G. drohen.] 1. To declare the purpose of inflicting pun 
ishment, pain or other evil on another, for some sin or of- 
fense ; to menace. 2 . To menace ; to terrify or attempt 
to terrify by menaces. 3. To charge or enjoin with men- 
ace or with implied rebuke ; or to charge strictly. 4. To 
menace by action ; to present the apj)earance of coming 
evil. 5. To exhibit the appearance of something evil or 
unpleasant approaching. 

THREAT'ENED, (thret'tnd) pp. Menaced with evil. 

THREAT’EN-ER, (thret'tn-er) 77. One that threatens. 

THREAT'EN-ING, (thret'tn-ing) p;>r. 1. Menacing; de- 
nouncing evil. 2. a. Indicating a threat or menace. 3. 
Indicating something impending. 

THREAT'EN-ING, n. The act of menacing ; a menace ; a 
denunciation of evil, or declaration of a purpose to inflict 
evil on a person or country, usually for sins and ofienses. 

THREAT'EN-ING-LY, (thret'tn-ing-ly) ado. With a threat 
or menace ; in a threatening manner. 

THREAT'FUL, (thret'ful) a. Full of threats; having a 
menacing appearance ; minacious. Spenser. 

THREE, a. [Sax. threo, thri, thry, tind thrig ; Sw., Dan. 
tre ; G. drei ; D. drie ; Fr. trois ; It. tre ; Sp., L. tres.] 1 . 
Two and one. 2. It is often used, like other adjectives, 
without the noun to which it refers. — 3. Proverbially, a 
small number ; [obs.] 

THREE'-€AP-SULED, a. Tricapsular. 

THREE'-CELLED, a. Trilocular. 

THREE'-€LEFT, a. Trifid. 

THREE'-€OR-NERED, a. [three and corner.] 1. Having 
three corners or angles. — 2. In botany, having three sides, 
or three iirominent longitudinal angles, as a stem. 

TIIREE'-FLOW^-ERED, a. [three and Jloiccr.] Bearing 
three flowers together. Martyn. 

THREE'FoLD, a. [three and fold.] Three-double ; consist- 
ing of three. 

THREE'-GRaINED, a. Tricoccous. 

THREE'-LkAVED, a. [three and leaf.] Consisting of three 
distinct 

THREE'-LoBEI), a. [three and lobe.] A threc-lobed leaf is 
one that is divided to the middle into three parts, standing 
wide from each other and having convex margins. 

THREE'-NERVED, a. [three and nerve.] A three-nerved 
leaf has three distinct vessels or nerves "running longitu- 
dinally without branching. 

THREE'-PART-ED, a. [three and parted.] Tripartite. 

* THREE'-PENCE, (thrip'ence) 77 . [three and pence.] A 
small silver coin of three times the value of a jicnny. 

* THREE'-PEN-NY, (thrip'eii-ny) a. Worth three-pence 

onlv ; mean. , 

THREE'-PET-ALED, fl. [three and petal.] TLrjpetalcus, 
consisting of three distinct petals ; as a corol. 

1 THREE'-PILE, 77 . [three and pile.] An old name for good 
I velvet. Shak. 

t THREE'-PILED, a. Set with a thick pile. Shak. 

TIIREE'-POINT-ED, a. Tricuspidate. 

THREE'SCORE, a. Thrice twenty ; sixty. 

THREE'-SEED-ED, a. Containing three seeds. 

THREE'-SID-ED, a. Having three plane sides. 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;-B!)LL, UNITE.-C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, t Obsolete 


THR 


838 


THR 


THREE'-VALVED, a. Trivalvular j consisting of three 
valves ; opening with three valves. 

tTHRENE, 7 ?. [Gr. 0 p/ 7 i’o?.] Lamentation. Shak. 

THREX'0-DY, ri. [Gr. dprjvog and A song of lamen- 

tation. Herbert. 

THRESH, t?. t. To thrash. [See Thrash.] The latter is the 
popular pronunciation, but the word is written thrash or 
thresh, indifferently. 

THRESH ER, n. The sea-fox. Cyc. 

THRESH'OLD, ) n. [Sax. thcerscicald ; G. thvrschwelle.'] 

THRESH'HoLD, | 1. The door-sill ; the plank, stone or 

piece of timber which lies at the bottom or under a door, 
particularly of a dwelling-house, church, temple or the 
like ; hence, entrance ; gate j door. 2. Entrance ; the 
place or point of entering or beginning 

THREW, pret. of throw. 

THRICE, adv. [from three.'] 1. Three times. 2. Some- 
times used by way of amplification ; very. 

THRID, V. t. ’ {W . .treiziaic.] To slide through a narrow 
passage ; to slip, shoot or run through, as a needle, bod- 
kin, or the like. 

t THRID, 11 . Thread. Spenser. 

THRID DED,pp. Slid through. 

THRID DIXG, ppr. Sliding through 3 causing to pass 
through. 

THRIFT, 71. [from 1. Fnigality j good husbandrj’ ; 

economical management in regard to property. 2. Pros- 
perity j success and advance in the acquisition of proper- 
ty j increase of worldly goods ; gain. 3. Vigorous growth, 
as of a plant. — 4. In botany, a plant of the genus statice. 

THRIFT I LY, adc. 1. Frugally ; with parsimony. 2. 
Vv'ith increase of worldly goods. 

THRIFT I-NESS, n. 1. Frugality ; good husbandry. 2. 
Prosperity in business ; increase of property. 

THRIFT'LESS, a. Having no frugality or good manage- 
ment ; profuse ; extravagant j not thriving. Shak. 

THRIFT'Y, a. 1. Frugal j sparing j using economy and 
good management of property. — 2. Jilcre generally, thriv- 
ing by industry and frugality ; prosperous in the acquisi- 
tion of worldly goods 5 increasing in wealth. 3. Thriv- 
ing; growing rapidly or vigorously, as a plant. 4. Well 
husbanded. 

THRILL, n. [see the rerJ.] I. A drill. 2. A warbling; 
[see Trill.] 3. A breathing place or hole. Herbert. 

THRILL, V. t. [Sax. thijrlian, thirlian : D. drillen, trillen ; 
G. drillen.] 1. To bore ; to drill ; to perforate by turning 
a gimblet or other similar instrument. 2. To pierce ; to 
penetrate, as something sharp. 

THRILL, V. i. 1. To pierce ; to penetrate, as something 
sJiarp ; particularly, to cause a tingling sensation that 
runs through the system with a slight sliivering. 2. To 
feel a sharp, shivering sensation running through the 
body. 

THRILLED, pp. Penetrated ; pierced. 

THRILLING, ]. Perforating; drilling. 2. Piercing; 
penetrating ; having the quality of penetrating. 3. Feel- 
ing a tingling, shivering sensation running through the 
system. 

t THRING, V. t. To press, crowd or throng. Chaucer. 

THRIS SA, n. A fish of the herring kind. 

THRIVE, V. i. j pret. thrived ; pp. thrived, or thriven. [Dan. 
trives ; Sw. trifeas.] 1. To prosper by industry, economy 
and good management of property ; to incre^e in goods 
and estate. 2. To prosper in any business ; to have in- 
crease or success. 3. To grow; to increase in bulk or 
stature ; to flourish. 4. To grow ; to advance ; to increase 
or advance in any thing valuable. 

THRlV^ER, n. One that prospers in the acquisition of 
property. 

THRTV ING, ppr. 1. Prospering in worldly goods. 2. a. 
Being prosperous or successful ; advancing in wealth ; in- 
creasing ; growing. 

THRTV'ING-LY, 7 idi*. In a prosperous wa 5 ^ 1 

THR! V'ING-NESS, or THRIVING, n. Prosperity ; growth ; | 
increase. ! 

THRO, a contraction of through, not now used. ! 

THRoAT, n. [Sax. throta, throte ; D. strote.] 1. The an- 
terior part of the neck of an animal, in which are the gul- 
let and wMndpipe, or the passages for the food and breath. 
— In medicine, the fauces. Cyc. — 2. In seamen’s lancniao-e, 
that end of a gaff which is next the mast.— 3. In sliip- 
building, the inside of the knee-timber at the middle or 
turns of the arms. 

THRoAT, r. t. To mov*’ beans in a direction against their 
bending. [Local.] Cyc. 

THRoAT'-PTPE, n. The. windpipe or weasand. 

THRoAT'-WoRT, 71. [throat and wort.] A plant. 

THRoATW, a. Guttural. Howell. 

THROB, V. 7 . [Gr. Oopv^eo}.] I’o beat, as the heart or pulse, 
with more than usual force or rapidity ; to beat in conse- 
quence of agitation ; to palpitate. 

THROB, n. A beat or strong pulsation ; a violent beating 
of the heart and arteries ; a palpitation. 


THROB BING, ppT*. Beating with unusual force, as the 
heart and pulse ; palpitating. 

TIIROB'BING, n. The act of beating with unusual force, 
as the heart and pulse ; palpitation. 

THROD DEN, v. i. To grow ; to thrive. [A'bt in use, or lo- 
cal. J Grose. 

THRoE, n. [Sax. throician.] Extreme pain ; violent pang; 
anguish ; agony. It is particularly applied to the anguish 
of travail in child-birth. 

THRoE, V. i. To agonize ; to struggle in extreme pain. 
TIIRoE, V. t. To put in agony. Shak. 

THRONE, n. [L. thronus ; Gr. Opovog ; Fr. trone.] 1. A 
royal seat ; a chair of state. 2. The seat of a bishop. — 3. 
In Scripture, sovereign power and dignity. 4. Angels. 
Col. i. 5. The place where God peculiarly manifests his 
power and glory. 

THRONE, V. t. 1. To place on a royal seat ; to enthrone. 
2. To place in an elevated position ; to give an elevated 
pla^e to ; to exalt. 

THRONED, pp. Placed on a royal seat, or on an elevated 
seat ; exalted. 

THRONG, 71. [Sax. thrang ; Ir. drong ; G., D. drang.] 1. A 
crowd ; a multitude of persons or of living beings jiressing 
or pressed into a close body or assemblage. 2. A great 
multitude. 

THRONG, V. i. [Sax. thringan ; D. dringen.; G. dr'dngen ; 
Dan. treenger.] To crowd together; to press into a close 
body, as a muRitude of persons ; to come in multitudes. 
THRONG, V. t. To crowd or press, as persons ; to oppress 
or annoy with a crowd of living beings. 

THRONGED, pp. Crowded or pressed by a multitude of 
persons. 

THRONG'ING, ppr. Crowding together; pressing with a 
multitude of persons. 

THRONG ING, n. The act of crowding together, 
t THRONG'LY, adv. In crowds. More. 

THROP'PLE, n. The windpipe of a horse. [Local.] Cyc. 
THROS'TLE, (thros'l) n. [Sax. throstle.^ A bird. 
THROS'TLING, n. A disease of cattle of the ox kind. 
THROT'TLE, n. The windpipe or larynx. 

THROT'TLE, v. i. 1. To choke ; to suffocate ; or to obstruct 
so as to endanger suffocation. 2. To breathe hard, as 
when nearly suffocated. 

THKOT'TLE, v. t. To utter with breaks and interruptions, 
as a person half suffocated. Shak. 

THROUGH, (thru);>rep. [Sax. thnrh ; D. door ; G. durch.] 
1. From end to end, or from side to side; from one sur- 
face or limit to the opposite. 2. Noting passage. 3. By 
transmission , noting the means of conveyance. 4. By 
means of ; by the agency of ; noting instrumentality. 5. 
Over the whole surface or extent. 6. Noting passage 
among or in the midst of. 

THROUGH, (thru) adv. 1. From one end or side to the oth- 
er. 2. From beginning to end. 3. To the end ; to the 
ultimate purpose. — 7^o cci-ry through, to complete ; to ac- 
complish. — To go through. 1. To prosecute a schefiie to 
the end. 2. To undergo ; to sustain. 

THROUGIP-ERED should be thorouerh-bred. 
t THROUGII -LiGHT-ED should be iharough-lighted. 
jTHROUGIPLY, (thrudy) adv. 1. Completely; fully; 
wholly. Bacon. 2. Without resen’e ; sincerely. Tillot- 
son. [For this, thoroughly is now used.] 
TIIROUGH-OUT', (thru-ouF) prep, [through and out.] 
Quite through ; in every part ; from one extremity to the 
other. 

THROUGH-OUT', (thru-out') adv. In every part, 
t THROUGH'-PaCED [Seg Thorough-paced.] More. 
THROVE, old pret. oi thrive. 

THR6W, V. t. j pret. threw ,• pp. thrown. [Sax. thrawan.] 

1. Properly, to hurl ; to whirl ; to fling or cast in a wind- 
ing direction. 2. To fling or cast in any manner ; to pro- 
pel ; to send ; to drive to a distance from the hand or from 
an engine. 3. To wind. 4. To turn ; [Utile rsci/.] 5. To 
venture at dice. G. To cast ; to divest or strip one’s self 
of ; to put off. 7. To cast; to send. 8. To put on ; to 
spread carelessly. 9. To overturn ; to prostrate in wrest- 
ling. 10. To cast ; to drive by violence. 

To throw OAcay. 1. To lose by neglect or folly ; to spend in 
vain. 2. To bestow without a compensation. 3. To re- 
ject. — To throw I'll, to lay aside or neglect as useless. — To 
throiv down. 1. To subvert; to overthrow; to destroy. 

2. To bring down from a high station; to depress. — To 
throw in. 1. To inject. 2. To put in; to deposit with 
others ; also, to give up or relinquish. — To throw off. 1. 
To expel; to clear from. 2. To reject; to discard. — To 
throw on, to cast on ; to load. — To throw out. 1. To cast 
out ; to reject or discard ; to expel. 2. To utter careless- 
ly ; to speak. 3. To exert ; to bring forth into act. 4. To 
distance; to leave behind. S. To exclude; to reject. — 
To throw up. 1. To resign. 2. To resign angrily. 3. To 
discharge from the stomach. — To threw one’s self doicn, to 
lie down. — To throw one’s self on, to resign one’s self to 
the favor, clemency or sustaining power of another; to 
repose. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, r, O, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARfl®, BIRD | Obsolete 


THU 


8:39 


THY 


TIIRoVV, V, i. 1. To perform the act of throwing. 2. To 
cast dice: — To throw about^ to cast about j to try expedi- 
ents ; ^little iLsed.'\ 

THRoV\, n. 1. The act of hurling or flinging; a cast; a 
driving or propelling from the hand or from en engine. 2. 
A cast of dice ; and the manner in which dice fall wiien 
cast. 3. The distance which a missile is or may be 
thrown ; as, a stone’s throw. 4. A stroke ; a blow. .5. 
Effort ; violent sally. 6. The agony of travail ; [see 
Throe.] 7. A turner’s lathe ; [local.] 

THRoW^ER, 71. One that throws ; one that twists or winds 
silk ; a throwster. 

THROWN, pp. of throw. Cast ; hurled ; wound or twisted. 

THRoW'STER, n. One that twists or winds silk. 

THRUM, n. [fee. thrauin ; G. trinnm ; D. drom Gr. 
Opvppa-] 1. The ends of weavers’ threads. 2. Any 
coarse yarn. — 3. Thrums, among gardeners, the thread- 
like, internal, bushy parts of flowers ; the stamens. 

THRUM,??, i. [D. trom.] To play coarsely on an instru- 
ment with tha fingers. Dryden. 

THRUM, V. t. 1. To weave ; to knot ; to twist ; to fringe. 
— 2. Among seamen, to insert short pieces of rope-yarn or 
spun-yarn in a sail or mat. 

THRUSH, 71. [Sax. drisc ; G. drossel.] 1. A bird, a species 
of tardus. 2. [qu. thrust.] An aflection of the inflamma- 
tory and suppurating kind, in the feet of the horse and 
some other animals.-^. In medicine, [L. apthce,] ulcers in 
the mouth and fauces. 

THRUST, V. t. ; pret. and pp. thrust. [L. trudo, trusuin, 
trusito.] 1. To push or drive with force. 2. To drive ; 
to force ; to impel. 

THRUST, V. i. 1. To make a push ; to attack with a point- 
ed v*^eapon. 2. To enter by pushing; to squeeze in. 3. 
To intrude. 4. To push forward ; to come with force ; to 
press on. 

THRUST, 71. 1. A violent push or driving, as with a point- 
ed weapon, or with the hand or foot, or with any instru- 
ment ; a word much used in fencing. 2. Attack ; assault. 
— Push and shove do not exactly express Hie sense of 
thrust. The two former imply the application of force by 
one body already in contact with the body to be impelled. 
Thrust, on the contrary, often implies the impulse or ap- 
plication of force by a moving body, a body in motion be- 
fore it reaches the body to be impelled. 

THRUST'ER, n. One who thrusts or stabs. 

THRUSTTNG, ppr. Pushing with force ; driving ; impel- 
ling ; pressing. 

THRUST'ING, n. 1. The act of pushing with force. 2. In 
dairies, the act of squeezing curd with the hand, to expel 
the whey ; [ZocaL] Cyc. 

THRUST'INGJ*, n. In cheese-making, the white whey, or 
that which is last pressed out of the curd by the hand, and 
of which butter is sometimes made. 

THRUST'ING-SGREW, n. A screw for pressing curd in 
cheese-making. [Z/OcaZ.] 

THRUS'TLE, ??. The thrush. See Throstle. 

THR^'-FAL'LoW, r. t. [thrice and fallow.] To give the 
thjrd ploughing in summer. Tusser. 

THu'LlTE, n. A rare mineral, found in Norway. 

THUMB, / /., V \n. [Sax. thuma ; Dan. tomme; Sw. 

THUM, \ U*ium/ | tumme.] The short, thick finger 
of the human hand, or the corresponding member of other 
animals. 

THUMB, V. t. 1. To handle awkwardly ; to play with the 
finsers. 2. To soil with the fingers. 

THUMB, V. i. To play on with the fingers. 

THUMB -BAND, n. [thum and baiid.] A twist of any thing 
as thick as the thumb. .^Tortim.er. 

THUMBED, (thumd) a. Having thumbs. 

THUMB -RING, n. A ring worn on the thumb. Sliak. 

THUMB'-STALL, t!. [Umw and .5taZZ.] A kind of thimble 
or ferule of iron, horn or leather, with the edges turned 
up to receive the thread in making sails. Cyc. 

THUM'ER-STONE, n. A mineral, found in Saxony. Cyc. 

THUM'MIM, 77. plu. A Hebrew v.mrd denoting perfections. 
The Urhn and Thummim wei-e worn in the breastplate of 
the high-priest. 

THUMP, V. [It. thomho.] A heavy blow given with any 
thing that is thick, as with a club or the fist. 

THUMP, V. t. To strike or beat vv ith something thick or 
heavy. Shak. 

THUMP, r.i. To strike or fall on with a heavy blow. 

THU:\IP'ER, 77. The person or thing that thumps. 

THUMP'ING, ppr. 1. Striking or beating with something 
thick or blunt*. 2. a. Heavy. 3. Vulgarly, stout; fat ; 
large. 

THUN'DER, 71 . [Sax. thunder, thunor: G. donner ; D. dan- 
der : Sw. dander: Dan. dundren.] 1. The sound which 
follows an explosion of electricitv or lightning ; the report 
of a discharge of electrical fluid, that is, of its passage 
from one cloud to another, or from a cloud to the earth, or 
fro.m the earth to a cloud. 2. Thunder is used for light- 
ning, or for a thunderbolt, either originally through igno- 
rance, or by way of metaphor, or because the lightning 


! and thunder are closely united. 3. Any loud noise. 4. 
i Denunciation published. 

I THUN'DER, r. i. 1. To sound, rattle or roar, as an explo- 
i sion of electricity. 2. To make a loud noise, particularly 
j a heavy sound of some continuance. 3. To rattle, or give 
a heavy, rattling sound. 

THUN D£R, V. t. 1. To emit with noise and terror. 2. To 
publislj any denunciation or threat. 

THUN'DER-BoLT, n. [thunder and. bolt.] 1. A shaft of 
lightning ; a brilliant stream of the electrical fluid, passing 
from one pjirt of the heavens to another, and particularly 
; from the clouds to the earth. Ps. Ixxviii. 2. Figuratively, 
a daring or irresistible hero. 3. Fulmination ; ecclesias- 
tical denunciation. — ^^1. In mineralogy, thunder-stone, 
i Spectator. 

I THUN'DER-€LAP, t?. [thunder and clap.] A burst of 
I thunder ; sudden report of an explosion of electricity, 
j THUN'DER-ULOUD, n. [thunder and cloud.] A cloud that 
j produces lightning and thunder. 

TIIUN'DER-ER, n. He that thunders. Dryden. 

THUN'DER-HOUSE, n. An instrument for illustrating the 
manner in which buildings receive damage by light- 
ning. 

THUN'DER-ING, ppr. Making the noise of anelectrical ex- 
plosion ; uttering a loud sound. 

THUN'DER-ING, n. The report of an electrical explosion ; 
thunder. Ez. ix. 

! THUN DER-OUl^, 7X. Producing thunder. [L.u.] J^ldton. 
i THUN'DER-i^HO\V-ER, 77. Hhunder and shower.] A show- 
! er accompanied with thunder. 

I THUN DER-STONE, n. A stone, otherwise called hrontia. 

THUN'DER-STORM. n. [thunder and storm.] A storm ac- 
companied with lightning and thunder. 

THUN'DER-STRIKE, v.t. 1. To strike, blast or injure by 
lightning. Sidney. 2. To astonish or strike dumb, as with 
something terrible ; flittle used except in the participle.] 

THUN'DER-STRUUK, pp. or a. Astonished ; amazed ; 
struck diinib by something surprising or terrible suddenly 
presented to the mind or vdew. 

THUN'NER,77. Thunder. J<'(zrth of England. 
i [THu'RI-BLE, 71. [L. thuribulum.] A censer ; a pan for iii- 
j cense. Cowel. 

I THU-RIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. thurifer.] Producing or bearing 

j f* Tcllllci I1C0I1S0 • 

I THU-RI-FI-Ga'TION, 71. [L. thus, thuris, and facio.] Tlie 
act of fuming with incense ; or the act of burning in- 

C0DS0* 

THURS'DAY, 77. [Dan. Torsdag, that is. Thorns day, the 
i day consecrated to Them, the god of thunder, answering 
to the Jove of the Greeks and Romans ; L. dies .Tovis ; It. 
Giovedi ; Sp. Jueves ; Fr. Jeudi. So in G donnerstag, 
D. donderda^, thunder-day.] The fifth day of the week. 

THUS, adv. [Sax. thus; d1 dus.] 1. In this or that man- 
ner; on this wise. 2. To this degree or extent. 3. In 
the phrase thus much, it seems to be an adjective, equiv- 
alent to this much. 

THWACK, V. t. [qu. Sax. thaccian.] To strike with some- 
I thing flat or heavy ; to bang ; to beat or thrash, 
i THWAGK, 77. A heavy blow with something flat or heavy, 
i THWAGK'ING, ppr. Striking with a heavy blow, 
j THWaITE, 77. 1. A fish, a variety of the shad. 2. A plain 
I parcel of ground, cleared of wood and stumps, inclosed 
I and converted to tillage ; [local.] 

I THWART, a. ID. dwars ; Dan. tver, tvert, trers ; Sw. 

I tvnrs, tvnrt.] Transverse ; beinff across something else. 

THWART, v.t. 1. To cross ; to be, lie or come across the 
i direction of something. 2. To cross, as a purpose ; to cp- 
i pose ; to contravene ; hence, to frustrate or defeat. 

; THWART, r. i. To be in opposition. Locke. 

; THWART, 77. The seat or bench of a boat on which the 
I rowers sit. Jifar. Diet. 

' THWART' ED, pp. Crossed ; opposed ; frustrated. 

; THWART'ER, v. A disease in sheep, indicated by shak- 
1 ing, trembling or convulsive motions. Cyc. 
i THWaRT'ING, pjTT. Crossing; contravening; defeating. 

I THWART'ING, n. The act of crossing or fmstrating. 

! THWART ING-LY, adv. In a cross direction ; in opposi- 
' tion. 

I THWART'NESS, n. Untowardness ; perverseness. 

I THWART SHIP.^, adr. Across the ship. JSfar. Diet. 

I THWiTE, V. t. [Sax. thwitan.] To cut or clip v*ith a knife, 
j [Lnral.^ Chaucer. 

; TflWIT TLE, r. t. To whittle. [Sc« hittle.J Chaucer. 

I *THV, a. [contracted from thine, or from some other de- 
^ riVcLtiv 0 of thouJ\ Thy is th 0 adj 0 ctiv 0 of thou^ or a pro- 
^ nominal adjective, signifvine of thee, or belonging tothee, 

! like tuus in Latin. It is used in the solemn and grave 

! THYTNE WOOD. A precious wood, mentioned iZer. xviii. 
i THy TTE 77 . The name of a species of indurated clay. 
THYME, usually pronounced, irregularly, time. n. [Fr. 
thym; L. thymus; Gr. dvpos.] A plant of the genus 

* THY'MY, a. Abounding with thyme ; fragrant. 


» See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK , D6VE ;-BULL, UNITE.-C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; ClI as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


TID 


840 


TIL 


THT ROID, fit. [Gr. fiypfo? and aco?.] Resembling a shield j 
applied to one of the cartilages of the larynx. 

THVRSE, 71. [L. thyrsus ; Gr. ^pcoc.] In botany, a species 
of^ inflorescence. Martini. 

THV-SELF', pron. and self.] A pronoun used after 
thou, to express distinction with" emphasis : as, thou tkv- 
sdf s'^alt go. 

Tl AR, I n. [Fr. tiare ; L., Sp., It. tiara : Gr. rtapa.] I, 

* TI-a RA, \ An ornament or article of dress with which 
the ancient Persians covered their heads ; a kind of turban. 
2. An ornament worn by the Jewisli high -priest. JL'x. 
xxviii. 3. The pope’s triple crown. 

TIB I-AL, a. [L. 1. Pertaining to the large bone of 

the le«r. Med. Repos. 0. Pertaining to a pi"*e or flute. 

TIB U-RO, n. A fish of the shark kind. 

t TICE, for entice. Beaumont. 

TICK, n. Credit; trust ; as, to buy upon tick. Locke. 

TICK, II. [Fr. tique ,• G. zecke.] A little animal that infests 
sheep, do2s, goats, cows, <fcc. 

TICK, n. [b. ttek, tijk.] The cover or case of a bed, which 
contains the feathers, woo! or other material. 

TICK, V. -. 1. To run iij^n score. 2. To trust. 

TICK, r. i. [D. tikkcn.] To beat: to pat: or to make a 
small nj)ise by beating or otherwise, as a watch. 

TICK-BeAX, n. A small bean employed in feeding horses 
and other animals. Cur. 

TICK !iX, n. Cloth for bed-ticks or cases for beds. 

TIGK'ET, n. [Fr. etr,;uetU ; ^y. to'-yn.' 1. A piece of pa- 
per or a card, which gives the holder a right of admission 
to some place. 2. A piece of paper or writing, acknowl- 
edging some debt, or a certifii'ate that something is due to 
the liolder. 3. A piece of paper bearing some number in 
a lottery, which entitles the owner to receive such prize 
as may be drawn against that number. 

TICK'ET, r. t. To distinsuish by a ticket. Bentley. 

TIC KLE, V. t. [dim. touch. 1 1. To touch lightly, and 

cause a peculiar, thrilling sensation, which cannot be de- 
scribed. 2. To please by slight gratification. 

TiC'KLE, r. i. To feel titillation. Spenser. 

7 TIC KLE, a. Tottering ; wavering, or liable to waver and 
fall at the slightest touch; unstable; easily overthrown. 
Skak. 

t TIC'KLE-X'ESS, 71. Unsteadiness. Chaucer. 

TIC KLER, n. One that tickles or pleases. 

TIG KLIXG, ppr. .\fl'ecting with titillation. 

TIC KLIXG, 77. The act of affecting with titillation. 

TIC KLTSH, a. 1. Sensible to slight touches ; easily tickled. 

2. Tottering ; standing so as to be liable to totter and fall 
at the slightest touch : unfixed ; easily moved or affected. 

3. Difficult; nice; critical. S—7^. 

TIC KLISII-XESS, 77. 1. The state or quality of being tic- 
klish. 2. The state of being tottering or liable to fall. 3. 
Criticalness of condition or state. 

TICK -SEED, 71. A plant of the genus coreopsis. 

TICK TACK, 77. A game at tables. Bailey. 

TID, o. [SviX. tydder.] Tender: s :ft; nice. 

TID BIT, 77. [tid and bit.] A delicate or tender piece. 

Tin nr F ) 

TID DER i '*'*^^* tenderness ; to fondle. 

TIDE, 77. [Sax. tidan, to happen; tiJ, time; G. zeit : D. 
tyd : Sw., Dan. tid.) 1. Time; season; [w6s.] Spenser. 
2. The flow of the water in the ocean and' seas, twice in 
a little more than twenty-four hours. 3. Stream : course ; 
current. 4. Favorable course. 5. Violent confluence ; 
[obs.] — 6. Among miners, the period of twelve hours. 7. 
Current ; flow of blood. 

TIDE, V. i. To drive with the stream. Dryden. 

TIDE, r. 7. To work in or out of a river or harbor by favor 
of the tide, and anchor when it becomes adverse. .Mar. 
Dirt. 

TIDE -GATE, n. 1. A gate through which water passes in- 
to a basin when the tide flows, and whicli is shut to retain 
the water from flowing back at tlie ebb. — 2. Among sea- 
men., a place where the tide runs with great velocity. 
.Mar. Dirt. 

TTDE'-MILTj, 77. A mill that is moved by tide-water ; also, 
a mill for clearing lands from tide-water. 

TIDE.? -M AX, 77. An officer who remains on board of a 
merchant’s ship till the goods are landed, to prevent the 
evasion of the duties. 

TIDE -WaIT-ER, 77. An officer who watches tlie landing 
of goods, to secure the payment of duties. 

TIDE -WAY, 77. The channel in which the tide sets. 

TT DI-LY, adt. Xeatly ; with neat sijiiplicity. 

TI DI-X^ESS, 77. 1. Xeatness without richness or elegance ; 
neat simplicity. 2. Xeatness. 

TI DIXG?. 77. plu. [Sw. tidning ; Dan. tidende.] X'ews ; ad- 
vice ; information ; intelligence ; account of what has 
taken place, and was not before known. 

TI'DV, a. [from tide, time ; Dan.. Sw. tidig.] 1. In its 
primary sense, seasonable ; favorable ; being in proper 
time : as, w’eather fair and tidy. Tusser. 2. Xeat ; dress- 
ed with neat simplicity. 3. Xeat ; being in good order. 


j; T^E, 1 r. t. [Sax. tian, for tigan, to bind ; tig, tige, a tie, a 
I TyE, ^ purse.] 1. To bind ; to fasten with a band or cord 
and knot. 2. To fold and make fast. 3. To knit ; to com- 
i plicate. 4. To fasten; to hold; to unite so as not to be 
easily parted. 5. To oblige ; to constrain ; to restrain ; to 
confine. — 6. In rnusic, to unite notes by a cross line, or by 
! a curve line drawn over them. 

TiE, 77. ]. A knot ; fastening. 2. Bond ; obligation, moral 
or legal. 3. A knot of hair. Young. 

! TIED, ; pp. Bound ; fastened with a knot ; confined ; re- 

TAED, ] strained ; united, as notes. 

I TIeR, 77. [Heb. T-.] -A row ; a rank ; particularly when 
)' two or more rows are placed one above another. 

; * TIERCE, (ters, or teers) n. [Fr. tiers. | 1. A cask whose 
jj content is one third of a pipe, that is, torty gallons ; or, it 
!; may be, the measure. — 2. In Ireland, a weight by which 
M provisions are sold. — 3. In music, a third. — 4. In gaming, 
i : a sequence of three cards of the same color. 5. A thrust 

j in fencing. 

! ; * TIER CEL, ) n. In falconry, a name given to the 

* TIERCE LET, j male hawk,* as being a third part less 
than the female. Cijc. 

* TIER'CET, 77. [from fierce.] In poetry, ti triplet; three 
lines, or three lines rhvming. 

’ TIFF, 77. [qn. tipple, tope.] 1. Liquor ; or rather a small 
draught of liquor ; [vulgar.] 2. A pet or fit of peevish- 
ness. Johnson. 

TIFF, V. i. To be in a pet. [Low.] Johnson. 

t TIFF, r. t. To dress. 

TIF FA-XY, 77. [According to the Italian and Spanish Dic- 
tionaries, this word is to be referred to tajita.] A species 
’ of gauze or very thin silk. 

TIFFE-DE-MER. A species of sea-plant. Cyc. 

TIG, 77. A play. See Tag. 

TiGE, 77. [Fr.; a stalk.] The shaft of a column from the as- 
tragal to the capital. Bailey. 

TiGER, 77. [Fr. fi^rc ; It. fi^ro ; L. A fierce and 

rapacious animal of the genus /c/is. 

: TI'GER-FOOT-ED, fl. Hastening to devour; furious, 
j Ti GER-ISHj 77. Like a tiger. 

Tl'GER’S-FOOT, n. A plant of the genus ipomcea. 
j, TI GER-.SHELL, 77. [tiger and 5^e?/.] A name given to 
: Eie red voluta, with large white spots. 

; TiGH, 77. In Kent, a close or inclosure. 

TIGHT, (tite) a. [G. dicht : D., Sw., Dan. digt.] 1. Close ; 
j I compact ; not loose or open ; having the joints so close that 
1 ; no fluid can enter or escape ; not leaky. 2. Close ; not ad- 
mitting much air. 3. Sitting close to the body. 4. Close ; 
not having holes or crevices ; not loose. 5. Close; hard ; 
as, a tight bargain ; [7/7 common use in jimerica.] 6. Close ; 
parsimonious ; saving ; as, a man tight in his dealings ; [m 
common use in .America.] 7. Closely dressed ; not ragged. 
8. Hardy ; adroit. 

Tight ex, (tl'tn) v. t. To draw tighter ; to straiten ; to 
niake more close in any manner. 

t TIGHT ER, 77. 1. A ribbon or string used to draw' clothes 
. closer. 2. a. More tight. 

i TIGHT LY, adc. 1. Closely ; compactly. 2. A'catly ; 

I adroitly. 

; TIGHT'XESS, 77. 1. Closeness of joints; compactness; 

straitness. 2. X'eatness, as in dress. 3. Parsimoniousness ; 
closeness in dealing. 

TI GRE8S, 77. [from tiger.] The female of the tiger, 
i Ti grish, 77. Resembling a tiger. Sidney. 

TIKE, 77. A tick. See Tick. 

TIKE, 77. [Celtic, tiak, tiac, a ploughman.] I. A country- 
man or clown. 2. A dog. Shak. 
j TILE, 77. [Sax. tigel ; D. tegel, or tichgel.] 1. A plate or 
I piece of baked clay, used for covering the roofs of build- 
ings. — 2. In metallurgy, a small, flat piece of dried earth, 
used to cover vessels in w hich metals are fused. 3. A 
j piece of baked clay used in drains. 

! TILE, r. t. ]. To cover with tiles. 2. To cover, as tiles. 

, TILE'-EARTH, n. A species of strong, clayey earth; stiff 
and stubborn land. [Local.] Cyc. 

TILED, pp. Covered with tiles, 
j TiLE -ORE, 77. A subspecies of octahedral red copper ore. 

TiL'ER, 77. A man whose occupation is to cover buildmgs 
i _\vith tiles. Bacon. 

; TiL IXG, ppr. Covering w’ith tiles. 

; TiL IXG, 77. 1. A roof covered wfith tiles. Luke v. 2. Tiles 
. : in general. 

vetch; a tare. [Local.] 

71. A money-box in a shop; a drawer. 

_ , or adv. [Fax. til, tille ; Sw’., Dan. til.] 1. To 
the time or time of. 2. It is used liefore verbs and senten- 
! ces in a like sense, denoting to the time specified in the 
sentence or clause following ; as, I will wail till you arrive, 
i TILL. V. t. [Sax. tilian,tiligan.] 1. To labor; to cultivate; 

to plough and prepare for seed, and to dress crops. — 2. In 
!’ the most general sense, to till may include every species 
il of husbaiidr>', and this may be its sen*^ in Scripture. 


; TILL, 77. A 
; TILL, I 
-/■ TILL ER, \ 
TILL, vrep. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, C, A', long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PiX", MARIXE, BIRD ; — | Obsolete. 


TlX 


TIM 


841 


TILL'A-BLE, a. Capable of being tilled ; arable j fit for the ! 

plough. Carevc. ! 

Tillage, n. The operation, practice or art of preparing 
land fur seed, and keeping the gpound free from weeds I 
which might iinj^de the growth of crops. i 

TILLED, pp. Cultivated ; prepared for seed and kept clean. 
TILL EK, n. 1. One who tills; a husbandman ; a cultiva- 
tor ; a ploughman. 2. The bar or lever employed to turn | 
the rudder of a ship. 3. A small drawer ; a till. — 4. i 
Among /bnnrrs, the shoot of a plant, springing from the j 
root or bottom of the original stalk ; also, the sprout or \ 
young tree that springs from the root or stump. 5. A i 
young timber tree ; [local.] 

TILL ER, c. I. To put forth new shoots from the root, or 
round the bottom of the original stalk. I 

TILL ER-IXG, ppr. Sending out new shoots round the | 
bottom of the original stem. ! 

TILL ER-ING, n. The act of sending forth young shoots ! 

froin the root or round the bottom of the original stalk. j 
TILL ER-ROPE, n. The rope which forms a coramunica- ' 
tion between the fore-end of the tiller and the wheel. j 
TILL'IXG, ppr. Cultivating. ! 

TILL IXG, n. The operation of cultivating land ; culture. ! 
t TILL'MAX", n. A man who tills the earth ; a husbandman, 
f TILL Y-FAL-LY, ) adc. ora. A word formerly used when ■ 
t TILL' Y-VAL-LY, ^ any thing said wtis rejected as tri- ' 
fling or impertinent. j 

TILT, 71 . fiSax. tcld; Dan. telt.] 1. A tent ; a covering j 
overhead. Denham. 2. The ckUh covering of a cart or |j 
wagon. 3. The c :ver of a boat ; a small canopy or i 
awning of canvas or other cloth, extended over tJie stern- i 
sheets of a boat. I 

TILT, r. f. To cover with a cloth or awning. Philips. j 
TILT, n. 1. A thrust. 2. Formerly, a military exercise on 1 
liorseback, in which the combatants attacked each other j 
with lances ; as tilts and tournaments. 3. A large ham- 
mer ; a fil£-hammer, used in iron manufactures. 4. Incli- j 
nation forward. 

TILT, v.t. [Sax. tealtian.] 1. To incline; to raise one i 
end, as of a cask, for discharging liquor. 2. To point or i 
thrust, as a lance. 3. To hammer or forge with a tilt- j 
hammer or tilt. 4. To cover with a lilt. I 

TILT, r. i. 1. To run or ride and thrust with a lance ; to j 
practice the military game or exercise of thrusting at each 
other on horseback. 2. To fight with rapiers. 3. To 
rush as in combat. 4. To play unsteadily ; to ride, float j j 
and toss. 5. To lean ; to fall, as on one side. j . 

TILT'-BoAT, n. A boat covered with canvas or other cloth, j 
TILTED, pp. 1. Inclined; made to stoop; covered with j| 
cloth or awning. 2. Hammered; prepared by beating, j! 
as steel. . ij 

TILT ER, n. One who tilts ; one who uses the exercise of jl 
pushins a lance on horseback; one who fights. 2. One 
who hammers with a tilt. . ; 

TILTH, n. [Sax. £i/a.] 1. That which is tilled; tillage ' 
ground ; [o&s.j 2. The state of being tilled or prepared ^ j 

for a crop. 1 1 

TILT -HAM-MER, n. [tUt and AamTwrr.] A heavy ham- j; 

mer, used in iron-works, which is lifted by a wheel. Ij 
TILT'IXG, ppr. Inclining; causing to stoop or lean ; using !| 
the game of thrusting with the lance on horseback. j | 

TIM'BAL, n. A kettle drum. i 

TLM'BER, 71 . [Sax. timber j Sw. foHTTier.] 1. That sort of jj 
wood which is proper for buildings or for tcwls, utensils, 
.furniture, carriages, fences, ships, and the like. 2. The ji 
body or stem of 'a tree. 3. The materials ; in irony. 4. j ! 
A single piece or squared stick of wood for building, or ; 
already framed. — 5. In ships, a timber is a rib or curving [ 
piece of wood, branching outward from the keel in aver- h 
tical direction. .i 

TIM BER, r. t. To furnish with timber. See Timbered. ; ' 
TLVI'BER, v.i. 1. To light on a tree; [oJs.] L’Estrange. j 
— 2. In falconry, to make a nest. Cyc. 

TIM'BER'ED, pp. ora. 1. Furnished with timber.— In the 
United States, we say, land is well timbered, when it is 
covered with good timber trees. 2. Built ; formed ; con- i 
trived ; [little used.] ' j 

TIMBER-HEAD, 71. In ^Aips, the top end of a timber, rising 
above the gunwale, and serving for belaying ropes, <fcc. ; ; 
otherwise called kerelhead. | 

TIM BER-IXG, ppr. Furnishing with timber. | 

TIM'BER-SOW, n. A worm in wood. Bacon. 

TIM BER-TREE, 71. A tree suitable for timber. I 

TIM BER-\YoRK, n. Work formed of wood. 

TLM'BER -YARD, n. [timber and yard.] A yard or place : 
where timber is deposited. 

TIM'BRE, n. [D. timber.] A crest on a coat of arms. j 
TIM BREL, 71 . [^p. tamborU ; It. tamburo ; Fr. tambourin, 
fa 7 n^a«r.] .An instrument of music; a kind of dnira, tabor 
or tabret, which has been in use from the highest antiquity. : 
TIM'BRELED, a. Suns to the sound of the timbrel. 
TIM’BU-RIXE, 71. Ste Tameocrine. ! 

TIME, 71 . [Sax. tim, tima, time ; Ban. time, Sw. timme, an : 
hour ; L. tempos ; It., Port, tempo ; Sp. tiempo ; Fr. tetnps.] ; 


1. A particular portion or part of duration, whether pastj 

present or future. 2. A proper time ; a season. 3. Dura- 
tion. 4. .A space or measured portion of duration. 5, 
Life or duration, in reference to occu(>atiou. 6. Age; 
a part of duration distinct from other parts ; as, ancient 
times. 7. Hour of lavail. 8. Repetition; repeated jier- 
formance, or mention with reference to lepetition. 9. 
Repetition ; doubling; addition of a number to itself; as, 
to double cloth four 10. Measure of sounds in mu- 

sic ; as, common time. 11. The state of things at a partic- 
ular period ; as when we say, good times, or bad times . — 12. 
In grammar, tense. — In time. 1. In good season ; sufiiciently 
early. 2. A considerable space of dmation ; process or con- 
tinuation of duration. — .i£ times, at distinct inierval.s of 
duration. — Time enough, in season ; early enough. Bacon. 
— To lose time. 1. To delay. 2. To go too slow ; as, a 
watch or clock loses time. — jipparent time, in astronomy, 
true solar time, regulated by tJie apparent motions of tlie 
sun. — .Mean time, equated time, a mean or average of ap- 
parent lime. — Siderial time is that which is shown by tlie 
diurnal revolutions of the stars. 

TIME, r. t. To adapt to the time or occasion; to brine, 
begin or perform at the proper season or time. 2 . To 
regulate as to time. 3. To measure, as in music or har- 
mony. Shak. 

TIMED, pp. Adapted to the season or occasion. 

TLMEI’f.L, a. l;easonable ; timely; sufficienlly early. 

TiME 1ST, 77 . 1. In music, a performer who keeps good time* 

2. One who conforms with the times ; a timeserver ; [o^.?.] 

TiME'-KEEP-ER, n. [time and keeper.] A dock, watch or 

other chronometer. 

t Time LESS, ff. 1. Unseasonable; done at an improper 
time. 2. Untimely; immature; done or suflered before 
the proper time. 

TIME LESS-LY, o<fr. Unseasonably. .Milton. 

Time Ll-XESS, 77 . Seasonableness ; a being in good time. 

TiME'LY, a. 1 . Seasonable; being in good time; suffi- 
ciently early. 2. Keeping time or measure ; [ 065 .] ^nser. 

Tl.ME LY, adr. Early ; soon ; in good season. Prior. 

Time -P liiCE, 77 . [time and piece.] A clock, watch or 
other instrument to measure or show the progress of time ; 
a chronometer. 

TlME'-PLi-:AS-ER, 71 . One who complies with the pre- 
vailing opinions, whatever they may be. 

TIME'-SERV-ER, t 7. One who adapts his opinions and 
manners to the times ; one who obsequiously complies 
with the ruling power. 

Time SERV-IXG, a. Obsequiously complying with the 
humors of men in power. 

TIME SERV-IXG, n. An obsequious compliance with the 
humors of men in power. 

TIME'-\VoRX', a. Impaired by time. Irving. 

TIM'ID, a. [Fr. timide ; L. timidus.] Fearful; wanting 
courage to meet danger ; timorous ; hot bold. 

TI-MID I-TY, 77 . [Fr. timidite ; L. £77ni<f/£a.s.] Fearfulness ; 
want of courage or boldness to face danger ; timorousness ; 
habitual cowardice. 

TIM'ID-LY, adc. In a timid manner ; weakly ; without 
courage. 

TIM ID-XESS, 71. Timidity. 

Tl MIST. See Timeist. 

TI-MOC RA-CY, 71. [Gr. ri/ 177 , worth, and ArpaTfw.] Gov- 
ernment by men of property, who are possessed 01 a cer- 
tain income. 

TIM-O-XEER', 71. [Fr. timon ; L. temo.] A helmsman. 

TIM OR-OUS, a. [It. timoroso, from L. tinior.] 1. Fearful 
of danger; timid; destitute of courage. 2. Indicating 
fear : full of scruples. 

TIM'OR-OUS-LY, adc. Fearfully; timidly; without bold- 
ness ; with much fear. Philips. 

TIM OR-OUS-XESS, n. Fearfulness ; timidity. Sici/i. 

tTIMOUS, a. [from £i/nc.] Early ; timely. Bacon. 

t TI MOUS-LY, adr. In good season. Cb. Jielig. Appeal. 

TIX, 71 . [Sax., D. tin ; G. rinn; Sw. tcnn.l 1. A white 
metal, with a slight tinge of yellow. 2. Thin plates of 
iron covered with tin. 

TIX, c. f. To cover with tin, or overlay \^ith tinfoil 

TIX€ AL. n. A mineral. JVocdzcard. 

tTIX€T,'c. £. [L. tingo, tinctus.] To stain or color; to 
imbue. 

t TIXGT, n. Stain ; color. 

TIXUT URE, 77 . [L. tincturaj Fr. teinture.] I. The finer 
and more volatile p>arts of a substance, separated by a 
menstruum. — 2. In medicine, a spirituous solution of such 
of the proximate principles of vegetables and animals as 
are soluble in pure alcohol or proof spirit ; wine or spirits 
containing medicinal substances in solution. 3. A tinge 
or shade of color. 4. Slight taste superadded to any sub- 
stance. 5. Slisht quality added to any thing. 

TIXUT URE, r. f. 1. To tinge; to communicate a slight 
foreisn color to ; to impregnate with some extraneous 
matter. 2. To imbue the mind ; to communicate a pc. tion 
of any thing foreign. 


* See Synopsis. MOVX, BOOK, D6VE ; — BI.LL, UXITE. € as 


K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. ^Obsolete. 


1 


TIP 


842 


TIT 


TlNeT/URED, fp. Tinged; slightly impregnated with 
something foreign. 

TIN€T'rJR-ING, Tinging; imbuing; impregnating 

With a foreign substance. 

fTIND, V. t. [Sax. tendan^ Ujnan.'] To kindle. 

TIND'ER, n. [Sax. tyndre.'] Something very inflammable 
used for kindling fire from a spark, as scorched linen. 

TIND'ER-BOX, n. A box in wJiich tinder is kept. 

TlND'ER-LiKE, a. Like tinder ; very inflammable. 

t TINE, V. t. [Sax. tynan.'] To kindle ; to set on fire. 

TINE, V. t. [Sax. tynan ,• L. tejieo.] To shut or inclose ; 
to fill. [JVot in use^ or local.] 

TINE, 71. [Sax. tindes Ice. tindr.] 1. The tooth or spike 
of a fork ; a prong ; also, the tooth of a harrow or drag. 
2. Trouble ; distress ; [eZ/5.1 Spenser. 

t TINE, V. i. [Sax. tynan.] To rage ; to smart ; to fight. 

TiNE'MAN, n. Jintiently, an officer of the forest in Eng- 
land, who had the nocturnal care of vert and venison. 

Tl'NET, n. [iine, to shut.] In old writers^ brusli-wood 
and thorns for making and repairing hedges. 

TINT'OIL, 71. [ti;t, and h. folium, a leaf.] Tin reduced to 
a thin leaf. 

•fTING, n. A sharp sound. See Tingle. 

f TING, V. i. To sound or ring. 

TINGE, V. t. [L. tingo.] To imbue or impregnate with 
something foreign ; to communicate the qualities of one 
substance, in some degree, to another. 

TINGE, 7i. Color ; dye ; taste ; or rather a slight degree of 
some color, taste, or something foreign, infused into 
another substance or mixture, or added to it ; tincture. 

TINGED, jrp. Imbued or impregnated with a small portion 
of something foreign. 

TING ENT, a. Having the power to tinge. [L. u.] Boyle. 

TING'ING, ppr. imbuing or impregnating with soinetiiing 
foreign. 

TIN'-GLASS, 11 . Bismuth, which see. 

TIN'GLE, V. i. [VV. tincial, tincian, or tinciaw.] 1. To feel 
a kind of thrilling sound. 2. 'i'o feel a sharp, thrilling 
pain. 3. To have a tlirilling sensati<m, or a sharp, slight, 
penetrating sensation. 

TIN'GLING, 2 >pr. Having a thrilling sensation. 

TIN'GLING, n. A thrilling sensation. 

TINK, V. i. [VV. tinciaw.] To make a sharp, shrill noise ; 
to tinkle. 

TINK'AL, 71. Borax in its crude state or unrefined. 

TINK'Ell, 11 . [W. tincerz.] A mender of brass kettles, 
pans and the like. 

TINK'ER-LY, adv. In the manner of a tinker. 

TIN'KLE, V. i. [VV. Uncial.] 1. To make small, quick, 
sharp sounds, as by striking on metal ; to clink. 2. To 
hear a small, sharp sound. 

TIN'KLE, 7J. f. To cause to clink or make sharp, quick 
.sounds. 

TIN'KLER, 71. Tinker. A'orth of England. 

TIN'KLING, ppr. Making a small, quick, sharp noise. 

TIN'KLING, 11 . A small, quick, sharp sound. Is. iii. 

TIN'MAN, 7f. [tin and man.] A manufacturer of tin ves- 
sels ; a dealer in tin ware. Prior. 

TIN'-MINE, 11 . A mine where tin is obtained. 

TINNED, pp. Covered with tin. 

TIN'NER, n. One who works in the tin-mines. 

t TIN'NI-ENT, a. Emitting a clear sound. 

TIN'NING, ppr. Covering with tin or tinfoil. 

TIiN'NING, n. The act, art or practice of covering or lining 
any thing with melted tin or with tinfoil. 

TIN'NY, a. Abounding with tin. Drayton. 

TINTEN-NV^, 11 . [fi/i and penny.] A customary duty in 
England, formerly paid to tithingmen. Bailey. 

TIN'SEL, n. [Fr. etincelle.] 1. Something very shining 
and gaudy; something superficially shining and showy. 

2. A kind of shining cloth. 3. A kind of lace. 

TIN'SEL, a. Gaudy ; showy to excess ; specious ; superficial. 

'I’IN'SEL, V. t. To adorn with something glittering and 

sliowy without much value ; to make gaudy. Pope. 

TIN'SELED, pp. Decorated with gaudy ornaments. 

TIN'SEL-ING, ppr. Adorning with tinsel. 

'J'INT,7i. [It. tintu ; Fr. teint; L. tinctus.] A dye; a color, 
or rather a slight coloring or tincture distinct from the 
ground or principal color. Pope. 

TINT, V. t. To tinge ; to give a slight coloring to. 

TIN-TA-MAR', 71. [Old Fr. tintamarrc.] A confused noise ; 
a liideous outcry. Mason. 

TIN' Worm, 77. [tin and rcoT-m.] An insect. Bailey. 

'^TIN'Y, «. Very small ; little; puny. [A word used by chil- 
dren, and in burlesque.] 

TIP, 77. [D. tip.] 1. The end; the point or extremity of 
any thing small. 2. One part of the play at nine-pins. — 

3. In botany, an anther. 

7’IP, V. t. 1. To form a point with something ; to cover the 
ti]), top or end. 2. [for tap.] To strike slightly, or with 
the end of any thing small ; to tap. 3. To lower one end, 
or throw upon the cud ; as, to tip a cart for discharging a 
load; [M. England.] — To tip the rr hr/;, to direct a wink, 
or to wink to another for notice. 


TIP, V. i. In the phrase to tip off, that is, to fall headlong , 
hence, to die. 

TIPPED, or TIPT,pp. Having the end covered. 

TIP'PE1\ n. [Sax. tceppet.] A narrow garment or cover- 
ing, now made of fur, for the neck, worn by females, 

TIP'PING, ppr. Covering the end or tip. 

TIP'PLE, V. i. [qu., D. zuipen ; Fr. toper.] To drink spir- 
ituous or strong liquors habitually ; to indulge in the fre- 
quent and improper use of siiirituous liquors. 

TIP'PLE, V. t. To drink, as strong liquors, in luxury or 
excess. Drijden. 

TIP'PLE, n. Drink ; liquor taken in tippling. UEstrange. 

TlP'PLEDjpp. 1. Drank in excess. 2. a. Intoxicated; 
inebriated. 

TIP'PLER,77. One who habitually indulges in the exces- 
sive use of spirituous liquors ; a drunkard ; a sot. 

TIP'PLING,ppr. Indulging in the habitual use of stronger 
spirituous liquors. 

TIP'PLING, 77. The habitual practice of drinking strong or 
spirituous liquors ; a drinking to excess. 

TIP'PLING-HOUSE, v. [tipple and house.] A house in 
which liquors are sold in drams or small quantities. 

TIP'STAFF, 77,. [tip and L An officer who bears a 

staff tipped with metal ; a constable. 2. A stall' tipped 
with metal. Bacon. 

TIP'iSY, a. [from tipple.] Fuddled ; overpowered with 
strong drink ; intoxicated. 

TIP'ToE, 77. [tip and toe.] The end of the toe. — To be or 
to stand a tiptoe, to be awake or alive to any thing ; to be 
roused. 

TIP'TOP, 77. The highest or utmost degree. 

TI-RADE', (te-rade') n. [It. tirata ; Fi. tirade.] 1. Former- 
ly, in French music, the filling of an interval by the inter- 
mediate diatonic notes. — 2. In modern usage, a strain or 
flight ; a series of violent declamation. Quart. Review. 

TIRE, 77. [Heb. “DID.] 1. A tier; a row or rank. This is 
the same wmrd as tier, differently written. 2. A head- 
dress ; something that encompasses the head. /*•. iii. 3. 
Furniture ; appamtus. 4. Attire. 5. A band or hoop of 
ii'on , used to hind the fellies of wliecls, to secure them from 
wearing and breaking ; as, cart-h're. 

t TIRE, V. t. To adorn ; to attire ; to dress, as the head. 

TIRE, V. t. [Sax. teorian, ateorian , geteorian.] 1. To weary ; 
to fatigue ; to exhaust the strength by toil or labor ; as, to 
tire a liorse cr an ox. 2. To weary ; to fatigue ; to ex- 
haust the power of attending, or to exhaust patience with 
dullness or tediousness. — To tire out, to weary or fatigue 
to excess ; to harass. 

TIRE, v.i. To become weary ; to be fatigued ; to have the 
strength fail ; to have the patience exhausted. 

TIRED, pp. Wearied; fatigued. 

Tl'RED-NESS, (tird nes) n. The state of being wearied ; 
weariness. 

TIRE SOME, a. 1. VVTarisome ; fatiguing ; exhausting the 
strength. 2. Tedious ; exhausting the ]iatience. 

TIRE'SoME-NESS, n. The act or quality of tiring cr ex- 
hausting strength or patience ; wearisomeness ; tedious- 


ness. 

TlRE'WOM-AN, n. [tire and woman.] A woman whose 
occupation is to make head-dresses. Locke. 

TIR'ING, ppr. Wearying; fatiguing; exhausting strength 
or patience. 

TIR'ING-HOUSE, } n. The room or place where players 

TiR'ING-ROOM, ^ dress for the stage. 

Till' WIT, 77. A bird. [L. vanellus.] Ainsworth. 

’TH?, a contraction of it is. 

rpT(2/i^ ) 

Tl.i'I^ VI Consumptive. 

TIg'I€, 77. Consumption ; morbid waste. 

TIS'RI, 11 . The first Hebrew month of the civil year, and 
the seventh of the ecclesiastical ; answering to a part of 
our September and a part of October. 

TISS'UE, (tish'u) 77. [Fr. tissu.] 1. Cloth interwoven with 
gold or silver, or with figured colors. — 2. In anatomy, 
texture or organization of parts. 3. A connected series. 

TISS'UE, (tish'u) v. t. To form tissue ; to interweave ; to 
variegate. 

TfSS'UED, pp. Interwoven ; formed with variegated work. 

TISS'U-ING, ppr. Interweaving ; forming with variegated 
work. 

TIT, 11 . A small horse, in contempt : a woman, in contempt ; 
a small bird ; a titmouse or tomtit. 

Ti'TAN, or TI-Ta'NI-UM, n. In mineralogy, a metal of 
modern discovery, and of a dark copper color, first found 
in Cornwall in England. 

rpT^rpT/Vf ) 

j a. Pertaining to titanium. 


TI-TA-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [titan, or titanium, and L. /ere.] 
J^roducina titanium. Clear eland. 

Ti'']’AN-lTE, 77. An ore or oxyd of titanium. 

TTT'BIT, 77. A tender piece. See Tidbit. 

TITH'A-BLE, a. Subject to the payment of tithes. 
TITHE, 77 . [Sax. teotha.] The tenth part of any thing; but 


See Synopsis. a, k, T, o, U, V, long.— FAR, FAT.L, WHAT PREY PLN, MARINE, BIRD t Obsolete. 


f 

T 


t 






TO 


843 


TUG 


appropriately y the tenth part of the increase annually aris- 
ing from the profits of land and stock, allotted to the clergy 
for their support. 

TiTHE, V. t. To levy a tenth part on ; to tax to the amount 

• of a tenth . 

TiTHE, V. i. To pay tithes. Tusser. 

TITHED, pp. Taxed a tenth. 

TiTilE'-FREE, a. Exempt from the payment of tithes. 

TlTHE^-PAY-lNG, a. Paying tithes ; subjected to pay 
tithes. Franklin. 

TITH Ell, n. One who collects tithes. 

TiTH'lNG, ppr. Levying a tax on, to the amount of a 
tenth. 

TITH'IXG, n. A decennary ; a number or company of ten 
. householders, who, dwelling near each other, were sure- 

^ ties or free-pledges to the king for the good behavior of 

» each other. 

TiTH'ING-MAN, n. [tithing and man.] 1. The chief man 
of a tithing j a headborough j one elected to preside over 
V the tithing. 2. A peace ofiicer ; an under-constable. — 3. 

* In j\,''ew England, a parish officer annually elected to pre- 

serve good order in the church during divine service. 

V TITH'Y-MAL, n. [Fr. tlthijmale.] A plant. 

TIT'lL-LATE, t’. i. [L. To tickle. Pope. 

f TITTL-LA-TING, ppr. Tickling. 

: TIT-IL-La'TION, n. [Fr. j L. titillatio.] 1. The act of 
tickling; or the state of being tickled. 2. Any slight 
pleasure. 

5 TIT'LaIIK, n. [tit and Zar/;.] A small bird. 

Tl'TLE, n. [L. titulus ,• It. titolo.] 1. An inscription put 
over any thing as a name by which it is known. 2. The 
inscription in the beginning of a book, containing the sub- 
ject of the w’ork, and sometimes the author’s name. — 3. In 
the civil and canon laws, a chapter or division of a book. 
4. An appellation of dignity, distinction or pre-eminence 
given to persons, as dnkc. 5. A name ; an appellation. 
6. Right ; or that which constitutes a just cause of exclu- 
sive possession ; that which is the foundation of owner- 
ship. 7. The instrument wfiiich is evidence of a right. — 
8. In the canon law, that by which a beneficiary holds a 
benefice. — 9. In ancient church records, a church to which 
a priest w’as ordained, and where he was to reside. 

TPTLE, V. t. To name ; to call ; to entitle. Milton. 

Tl'TLED, pp. 1. Called ; named. 2. a. Having a title. 

fTPTLE-LESS, a. Not having a title or name. 

TI'TLE-PAGE, n. [title and page.] The page of a book 
'which contains its title. 

TI'TLING, Calling; denominating; entitling. 

TIT'MOUSE, n. A small bird of the genus 

TIT'TER, V. i. To laugh with the tongue striking against 
1 the root of the upper teeth ; to laugh with restraint. 

TIT'TER, ?i. 1. A restrained laugh. 2. A weed. 

TIT'TLE, n. [from tit, small.] A small particle ; a minute 
part ; a jot ; an iota. 

TIT'TLE-TAT-TLE, ??. [£a«Ze doubled.] 1. Idle, trifling 
talk ; empty prattle. 2. An idle, trifling talker. 

TIT'TLE-TAT-TLE, r. i. To talk idly ; to prate. Sidnei/. 

TIT'TLE-TAT-TLING, n. The act of prating idly. Sid- 
' ney. 

t TIT'U-BATE, V. Z. yL.tituho.] To stumble. Cockeram. 

TIT-U-Ba'TION, n. [L. titiiho.] The act of stumbling. 

TIT'U-LAR, a. [Fr. titulaire ; L. titulus.] 1. Existing in 
title or name only ; notninal ; having or conferring the 
title only. 2. Having the title to an office or dignity 
without discharging tlie duties of it. 

TIT'U-LAR, ) n. A person invested with a title, in vir- 
^ TIT^U-LA-RY, ^ tuc of which he holds an office or bene- 
fice, whether he jierforms the duties of it or not. 

TIT-U-LAR'f-TY, n. The state of being titular. Brown. 

TIT'U-LAR-IiY, adv. Nominally ; by title only. 

TIT'U-LA-RY, a. 1 . Consisting in a title. Bacon. 2. Per- 
taining to a title. Bacon. 

TTV'ER, V.' A kind of ochre wdiicli is used in marking sheep 
, in some parts of England. [Local.] Cyc. 

TTV'ER, V. t. To mark sheep with liver, in different ways 
and for different purposes. [Local.] 

TIV'ER-ING, ppr. Marking with tiver. [Local.] 

TJV'ER-ING, n. The act or practice of marking with tiver. 
[Local.] Cyc. 

TiV'Y, a^Zy. [Sec Tantivy.] Witli great speed; a hunts- 
man’s word or sound. Dnjden. 

Tc), prep. [Sax. to ; D. te, or toe; G. lu ; Ir., Gaelic, da ; 
Corn, tho.] 1 . Noting motion towards a place; opposed 
to from. 2. Noting motion towards a state or condi- 
tion ; as, he is going to a trade. 3. Noting accord or 
^ adaptation ; as an occupation suited* to his taste. 4. 

JL Noting address or comjiellation, or the direction of a dis- 
course. 5. Noting attention or application. G. Noting 
addition. 7. Noting opposition. 8. Noting amount, 
rising to. 9. Noting proportion. 10. Noting possession 
W or appropriation. 1 1. Noting perception. 12. Noting the 
I subject of an affirmation. 13. In comparison of. 14. 

^ As far as. 15. Noting intention. 16. After an adjec- 
K tive, noting the object. 17. Noting obligation. 18. Not- 

ing enmity. 19. Towards. 20. Noting efl"ect or end.-* 
21. To, as a sign of the infinitive, precedes the rad- 
ical verb. 22. It precedes the radical verb after adjec- 
tives, noting the object ; as, ready to go. 23. It precedes 
the radical verb, noting the object. 24. It precedes the 
ladical verb, noting consequence. 2.5. It notes extent, 
degree or end ; as, he languishes to death. 26. After the 
substantive verb, and with the radical verb, it denotes fu- 
turity. 27. After have, it denotes duty or necessity ; as, 

I have a debt to pay . — 28. To-day, to-night, to-morroic, are 
peculiar phrases derived from our ancestors. 7 o, in the two 
first, has the sense or force of this ; this day, this night. — To 
and fro, backward and forward. — To the face, iirpresence 
of; not in the absence of. [JsTote. — In the foregoing ex- 
planation of to, it is to be considered that the definition 
given is not always the sense of to by itself, but the sense 
rather of the word preceding it, or connected with it, or 
of to in connection with other words. In general, to is 
used in the sense of moving towards a place, or towards 
an object, or it expresses direction towards a place, end, 
object or purpose.] — To is often used adverbially, to modi- 
fy the sense of verbs ; as, to come to ; to heave to. 

ToAD, n. [Sax. tade, tadige.] A paddoc, an animal of the 
genus 7'ana, the rana hnfo of Linne; a small, clums}' 
animal, the body wmrty, thick and disgusting to the siglit, 
but perfectly harmless. 

ToAD'-eAT-ER, n. A vulgar name given to a fawning, 
obsequious parasite ; a mean sycophant. 

TI)AD'-F1SH, n. [toad and fsh.] A fish of the genus lo- 
phius, the fishirg frog. Cyc. 

ToAD'-FLAX, n. [toad and fax.] A plant ; snap-dragon. 

fToAD'ISH, a. Like a toad. Stafford. 

ToAD'-STONE, n. In mineralogy, a sort of trap rock. 

ToAD'-STOOL, n. A sort of fungous plant that grows in 
moist and rich grounds like a mushroom. 

ToAST, V. t. [Sp., Port, tostar.] 1. To dry and scorcii by 
the heat of a fire. 2. To warm thoroughly ; [Z.m.] 3. To 

name when a health is drank ; to drink to the health in 
honor of. 

ToAST, 11 . 1. Bread dried and scorched by the fire ; or such 
bread dipped in melted butter, or in some liquor. 2. A 
female whose health is drank in honor or respect. 3. He 
or that which is named in honor in drinking. 

ToAST'ED, pp. Scorched by heat; named in drinking the 
health. 

ToAST'ER, 11 . 1. One w'ho toasts. 2. An instrument for 
toasting bread or cheese. 

ToAST'lNG, ppr. Scorcliing by fire ; drinking to the honor 
of. 

TO-BA€'GO, n. [so named from Tabaco, a province of Yu- 
catan, in Spanish America, where it was first found by 
the Spaniards.] A plant, a native of America, of the genus 
nicoiiana, much used for smoking and chewing and in 
snutf. 

t TO-BA€'GO-NING, a. Smoking tobacco. Bp. Hall. 

TO-BAO'GO-NIST, n. A dealer in tobacco ; also, a manu- 
facturer of tobacco. 

TO-BA€'€0-PIPE, n. A pipe used for smoking tobacco. 

T0-BA€'€0-PIPE €LAY, ii. A species of clay. 

TO-BAG UO-PIPE FISH, ii. The needle-fish. 

TOGK'AY, n. A species of spotted lizard in India. 

TOG'S IX% ?f. [Fr.] An aiarm bell, or the ringing of a bell 
for the purpose of alarm. 

TOD, 11 . [Gaelic, tod.] 1. A bush ; a thick shrub ; [o&5.] 2. 
A quantity of wool of twenty-eight pounds, or two stone. 

3. A fox. 

fTOD, V. t. To weigh ; to produce a tod. Shah. 

TO-DAY', 11 . [to and day.] The present day. 

TOD'DLE, V. i. To saunter about ; It implies feebleness, 
quasi tattle. Pegge. 

TOD'DY, 11 . 1. A juice drawn from various kinds of the 
palm in the E. Indies ; or a liquor prepared from it. 2. A 
mixture of spirit and water sweetened. 

To'DY, n. A genus of insectivorous birds. Cyc. 

ToE, 11 . [Sax. ta ; G. zehe ; Sw. ta ; Dan. taoe.] I. One of 
the small members which form the extremity of the foot, 
corresponding to a finger on the l^and. 2. The fore part 
of the hoof of a horse, and of other hoofed animals. 3. 
Tlie member of a beast’s foot corresponding to the tee in 
man. 

fTO-FoRE', prep, or adv. [Sax. toferan ; to and /ere.] Be- 
fore ; formerly. Skak. 

TOFT, ?i. 1. A grove of trees. Cyc. [Ban. tofte, or tomt.] 

In law books, a place where a messuage lias stood, but is 
decaved. 

Td'FUS. Sec Tophus. 

Td'GA-TED, ) a. [L. toga, a gown ; togatus, gowned.] 

Td'GED, \ Gowned; dressed in a gown; wearing a 

gown ; as, toged consuls. Shak. 

TO-GETU'ER, adv. [8ax. togeethre; to and gather.] L In 
company. 2. In or into union. 3. In the same place. 

4. In the same time. 5. In concert. G. Into junction or 
a stale of xm'ion.— Together with, in union wnth ; in com- 
pany or mixture Avith. 

t * Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BTjLL, UNITE.- 

-G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as mthis. f Obsolete. 


TON 


TOL 844 


TOG'GEL^ n. A small wooden pin tapering towards both 
ends. Aiar. Diet. 

TOIL, V. i. [Sax. teolan^ tiolan.] To labor j to work ; to 
exert strength with pain and fatigue. Luke v. 

TOIL, V. t. 1. To toll outf to labor ; to work out. Milton. 
2. To weary j to overlabor ; Shak. 

TOIL, n. Labor with pain and fatigue j labor that oppresses 
the body or mind. 

TOIL, n. [Fr. toiZe^.] A net or snare ; any thread, web or 
string spread for taking prey. L'' Estrange. 

TOIL'ER, n. One who toijs, or labors with pain. 

TOIL'E!’, n. [Fr. toilette.] 1. A covering or cloth of linen, 
silk or tapestry, spread over a table in a chamber or 
dressing-room. 2. A dressing table. Pope. 

TOIL'ING, ppr. Laboring witli pain. 

TOIL'SoME, a. 1. Laborious ; wearisome 3 attended with 
fatigue and pain. 2. Producing toil. 

TOIL'SoME-NESS, n. Laboriousness ; wearisomeness. 

TOISE, (tois) n. [Fr.] A fathom or long measure in France, 
containing six French feet. 

TO-KaY"', n. A kind of wine produced at Tokay in Hun- 
gary, made of white grapes. 

To'KEN, (tokn) n. [Sax. tacn^ tacen ; Goth, taikns ; D. 
teeken.] 1. A sign; something intended to represent or 
indicate another thing or an event. 2. A mark. 3. A 
memorial of friendship ; something by which the friend- 
ship of another person is to be kept in mind. — 4. In coin- 
age, tokens were coins struck in the reign of Elizabeth. — 
5. In printing, ten quires of j)aper ; an extra quire is 
usually added to every other token, when counted out for 
tlie press. 

fTo'KEN, t. To make known. Shak. 

To'KENED, a. Being marked with spots. Shak. 

ToL, V. t. [L. tollo.] To lake away ; a law term. Cijc. 

To' LA, n. In India, a weight for gold and silver. 

ToLD, pret. andp;}. of tell. Gen. iii. 

ToL-BOOTII. See Toll-booth. 

TOLE, V. t. To draw or cause to follow by presenting some- 
Eiing pleasing or desirable to view ; to allure by some bait. 

ToLiy^), //jy. Drawn; allured; induced to follow. 

TO-Le'[)U, 7 J. [from 7’eZefZa in Spain.] A sword of the finest 
Toledo temper. B. Jonson. 

TOL'ER-A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. tolerahilis.] 1. That may be 
borne or endured ; supportable, either physically or men- 
tally. 2. Moderately good or agreeable ; not contempti- 
ble ; not very excellent or pleasing. Swift. 

TOL'ER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being tolerable. 

TOL'ER-A-BLY, ado. 1. Supportably ; in a manner to be 
endured. 2. Moderately well ; passably ; not perfectly. 

TOL'ER-ANCE, n. [L. tuleratitia.] 'J’he power or capacity 
of enduring ; or the act of enduring. Bacon. 

TOL'ER-ANT, a. Enduring; favoring toleration. 

TOL'ER-ATE, v. t. [Fr. tolercr ; L. tolero.] Tosuffertobe 
or to be done without prohibition or hinderance ; to allow 
or permit negatively, by not preventing ; not to restrain. 

TOL'ER-A-TED, pp. Suffered ; allowed ; not prohibited or 
restrained. 

TOL'ER-A-TING, ppr. Enduring ; suffering to be or to be 
done; allowing; not restraining. 

TOL-ER-a'TION, 71. [L. toleratio.] The act of tolerating ; 
the allowance of that which is not wholly approved ; 
appropriately, the allowance of religious opinions and 
modes of worship in a state, when contrary to or different 
from those of the established church or belief. 

Toll, n. [Sax. toll ; D. tol ; Sw. tail ; Dan. told ; G. zoll ; 
W.tolL] 1. A tax paid for some liberty or privilege. 2. A 
liberty to buy and sell within the bounds of a manor. 3. 
A portion of grain taken by a miller as a compensation for 
grinding. 

Toll, v.i. l. To pay toll or tallage. Shak. 2. To take 
toll, as by a miller. Tttsser. 

Toll, v. i. [W. tol, tolo.] To sound or ring, as a bell, with 
strokes uniformly repeated at intervals, as at funerals. 

Toll, V. t. To cause a bell to sound with strokes slowly 
and uniformly repeated. 

Toll, v. t. [L. tollo.] l. To take away ; to vacate ; to an- 
nul ; a law term. 2. To draw ; see Tole. 

TOLL, n. A particular sounding of a bell. 

ToLL'-BaR, n. [toll and bar.] A bar or beam used for 
stopping passengers at the toll-house. 

I'OLL'-BOOTH, 71. [toll and booth.] 1. A place where goods 
are weighed to ascertain the duties or toll. 2. A prison. 

ToLL'-BOOTH, v. t. To imprison in a toll-booth. Corbet. 

ToLL-BRIDGE, n. A bridge where toll is paid for passing it. 

ToLL'DISH, n. [toll and dish.] A vessel by which the toll 
of corn for grinding is measured. Beaumont and Fletcher. 

ToLL'-GATE, ri. A gate where toll is taken. 

ToLL'-GATH-ER-ER, 71. The man who takes toll. 

Tdl.L'-HOUSE, n. A house or shed in which the man who 
t^kes the toll remains. 

t TdLL'ER, n. 1. One who collects tribute, or taxes ; a toll- 
gatherer. Barret. 2. One who tolls a bell. 

TdLL'ING, ppr. 1. Causing to sound in a slow, grave man- 
ner. 2. Taking away ; removing. 3. Sounding, as a bell. 


A, E, I, d, d, Y, long 


f ToL'SEY, 77 . The same with toll-booth. Diet. 

To'LU BAL'SAM, rt. Balsam of Tolu. Cyc. 

f TOL-U-Ta'TIOJV, n. [L. toluto.] A pacing or ambling, 

TOM'A-IIAWK, 71. An Indian hatchet. 

TOM'A-IlXWK, V. t. To cut or kill with a tomahawk. 

TO-Ma'TO, 77. A plant, and its fruit, a species of solanum 
It is called sometimes the love-apple. 

TOMB, (loom) n. [Fr. tombe, tombeau ; W. tom, iomen, 
twin, twmp ; Ir. taoma ; »Sp. tnmba ; L. tumulus.] 1. A 
grave ; a pit in which the dead body of a human being is 
deposited. 2. A house or vault formed wholly or partly 
in the earth, with walls and a roof for the reception of the 
dead. 3. A monument erected to preserve the memory 
of the dead. 

TOMB, (loom) v. t. To bury ; to inter. See Entomb. 

TOM'BAC, n. A white alloy of copper. 

TOMB'IiEt^S, fl. Destitute of a tomb or sepulchral monu- 
ment. 

TOM'BOY, 71. [I'om, I'homas, nnd boy.] A rude, boisterous 
boy ; also, in sarcasm, a romping girl. [Vulgar.] 

TOMB'STOXE, n. A stone erected over a grave, to pre- 
serve the memory of the deceased ; a monument. 

TOME, 71. [Fr.] A book ; as many writings as are bound in 
a volume, forming the part of a larger work. 

TO-MEA'T'OUS, a. [L. tomentinn.] In botany, downy ; nap- 
py ; cottony ; or tiocky. Lee. 

TO-MOR'ROVV, 71. [to and morrow.] The day after the 
present. Franklin. 

TOxM'lTON, 77. [Fr. tampon.] The stopper of a cannon. 
See Tampion. 

TOM'RIG, 71. A rude, wild, wanton girl ; a tomboy. Dennis. 

TOM'TIT, 77. A little bird, the titmouse. 

TON, the termination of names of places, is town. 

TON, 77. [Fr.] The prevailing fashion. 

T6N, (tun) 77. [Sax. tiinna i Fr. tonne; Sp. tonel.] The 
weight of twenty hundred gross. See Tun. 

TONE, 77. [Fr. ton ; Sp. tono ; It. tuono ; Sw., G. ton ; D. 
toon ; Dan. tone ; L. tomis.] 1. Sound, or a modification 
of sound ; any impulse or vibration of the air wliich is 
perceptible by the ear. 2. Accent ; or, rather, a particu- 
lar infiection of the voice, adapted to express emotion or 
passion ; a rhetoi ical sense of the word. E. Porter. 3. A 
whining sound ; a whine ; a kind of mournful strain of 
voice. 4. An affected sound in speaking. — 5. In music, 
an interval of sound ; as, the difference between the dia- 
pente and diatessaron is a tone. 6. The tone of an instru- 
ment is its peculiar sound with regard to softness, even- 
ness and the like. — 7. In medicine, that state of organiza- 
tion in a body, in which the animal functions are healthy 
and performed with due vigor. 

TONE, V. t. 1. To utter with an affected tone. 2. To tune. 
See Tune. 

ToNED, a. Having a tone ; used in composition. 

ToNE'LESS, a. Having no tone ; unmusical. Entick. 

ToNE'-SYL-LA-BLE, 77. An accented syllable. M. Stuart. 

[T6NG, 77. [See Tongs.] The catch of a buckle. [Sec 
Tongue.] Spenser. 

TONGS, 77. pin. [Sax., Dan., D. tang ; G. zange ; Sw. thig ; 
Ice. taung.] An instrument of metal, consisting of two 
parts or long shafts joined at one end, used for handling 
things, particularly fire or heated metals. 

ToNGLTE, ) 77. [Sax. tung,tunga ; Goth, tuggo ; Sw.tunga; 

TUNG, ) Dan. tunge : D. tong.] 1. In man, the instru- 
ment of taste, and the chief instrument of speech ; and, in 
other animals, the instrument of taste. 2. Speech ; dis- 
course ; sometimes, fluency of speech. 3. The power of 
articulate utterance ; speech. 4. Speech, as well or ill- 
used ; mode of speaking. 5. A language ; the whole sum 
of words used by a particular nation. 6. Speech ; words 
or declarations only. 7. A nation, as distinguished by 
their language. 8. A point ; a projection. 9. A point, or 
long, narrow strip of land, projecting from the main into a 
sea ora lake. 10. The taper part of any thing ; in the rig- 
ging of a ship, a short piece of rope spliced into the upper 
part of standing back-stays, &c. to the size of the mast- 
head. — To hold the tongue, to be silent. Addison. 
Tongue, (tung) v. t. To chide ; to scold. 

Tongue, v. ?. To talk ; to prate. Shak. 

T6NGUED, a. Having a tongue. Donne. 

ToNGUE'-GRAFT-ING, n. A mode of grafting by insert- 
ing the end of a cion in a particular manner. 

ToNGUE'LESS, a. 1. Having no tongue. 2. Speechless. 
3. Unnamed ; [oZ»s.] 

fToNGUETAD, 77. A great talker. Tatler. 

ToNGLTE'-SHaPED, a. In botany, a tongue-shaped leaf is 
linear and fleshy, blunt at the end, convex underneath, 
and having usually a cartilaginous border. 

ToNGUE'-TiE, v. t. To deprive of speech or the power of 
speech, or of distinct articulation. 

ToNGUE'-TIED, a. 1. Destitute of the power of distinct 
articulation ; having an impediment in the speech. 2. 
Unable to speak freely, from whatever cause. Shak. 

TON'IU, a. [from Gr. rovos ; L. tonus.] 1. Literally, m- 
creasing tension ; hence, increasing strength ; as, ’tonic 


* See Synopsis. 


TOP 


845 


TOP 


power. — 2. In medicine^ increasing strength, or the tone 
of tlie animal system ; obviating the effects of debility, 
and restoring healthy functions. 3. Relating to tones or 
sounds. 4. Extended ; [065.] 

TOi\'l€, n. 1. A medicine that increases the tone of the 
muscular fibre, and gives vigor and action to the system. 
— 2. [Fr. tonique.] In ?/nmc, the key-note or principal 
souml which generates all the rest. — 3. In music^ a cer- 
tain degree of tension, or the sound produced by'a vocal 
string in a given degree of tension. 

TO-NIGHT', H. [to and nigkt.] The present night, or the 
night after the present day. 

TOxN'NAGE, n. 1. The weight of goods carried in a boat or 
ship. 2. The cubical content or burthen of a ship in tuns ; 
or the amount of weight which she may carry. 3. A duty 
or impost on ships, estimated per tun ; or a duty, toll or 
rate payable on goods pi-r tun, transported on canals. 

TON'tSlL, 7J. [L. tonsillce.] In anatomy, a glandular body at 
the passage from the mouth to the pharynx. 

TON'rfIL, a. That may be clipped. Mason. 

TON'SURE, (ton'shure) n. [Fr. ; 1j. ton siu'a.] 1. The act 

’ of clipping the hair, or of shaving the head ; or the state 
of being shorn. — 2. In the Romish church, tonsure is the 
first ceremony used for devoting a person to the service of 
God and the church. — 3. In the Romish church, the corona 
or crown which priests wear as a mark of their order and 
of their rank in the church. 

TON-TINE', ?>. [Fr. tontine.] An annuity on survivorship ; 
or a loan raised on life-annuities, with the benefit of sur- 
vivorship. 

To'NY, 11 . A simpleton. [L^idicrous .] Dryden. 

TOO, ado. [v^ax. to.] 1. Over; more than enough ; noting 
excess ; as, too high. 2. Likewise ; also ; in addition. 
Pope. 3. Too, too, repeated, denotes excess emphati- 
cally. 

TOOK, pret. of take. Oen. v. 

TOOL, n. [Sax. tol.] 1. An instrument of manual opera- 
tion, parUcularly such as is used by farmers and n.e- 
chanics. 2. A person used as an instrument by another 
person ; a word of reproach. 

TOOL, V. t. To shape with a tool. Entick. 

t TOOiM, a. Empty. Wioliffe. 

TOOT, V. i. [Sax. totian ; D. toeten.] 1. To stand out, or 
be prominent ; [ot»s.] Howell. 2. To make a particular 
noise with the tongue articulating with the root of the 
upper teeth, at the beginning and end of the sound ; also, 
to sound a horn in a particular manner. 3. To peep ; to 
look narrowly ; [06s.] Spenser. 

TOOT, V. t. To sound ; as, to toot the horn. 

TOOT ER, n. One who plays upon a pipe or horn. 

TOOTH, n. ; plu. Teeth. [Sax. toth, plu. teth.] 1. A bony 
substance growing out of the jaws of animals, and serv- 
ing as the instrument of mastication. 2. Taste ; palate. 
Dryden. 3. A tine ; a prong ; something pointed and re- 
sembling an animal tooth ; as, the tooth of a rake, a comb, 
a card, a harrow, a saw, or of a wheel. — Tooth and nail, 
[by biting and scratching,] with one’s utmost power; by 
all possible means. H Estrange. — To the teeth, in open 
opposition ; directly to one’s face. — To cast in the teeth, to 
retort reproachfully ; to insult to the face. — In spite of the 
teeth, in defiance of opposition ; in opposition to every 
effort. — To show the teeth, to threaten. Young. 

TOOTH, V. t. 1. To furnish with teeth. 2. To indent; to 
cut into teeth ; to jagg. 3. To lock into each other. 

TOOTH'aOIIE, n. Pain in the teeth. 

TOOTH'a€HE-TREE, n. A shrub. Lee. 

TOOTH'-DRAW-ER, n. [tooth and draw.] One whose 
business is to extract teeth with instruments. 

TOOTII'-DRAVV-ING, n. The act of extracting a tooth; 
the practice of extracting teeth. 

TOOTHED, pp. ora. Having teeth or jaggs. In botany, 
dentate ; having projecting points. 

TOOTH'-EDCtE, n. The sensation excited by grating 
sounds, and by the touch of certain substances. 

tTOOTH'FUL, a. Palatable. 

TOOTH'LEiSS, a. Having no teeth. Dryden. 

TOOTH'LET-TED, a. In fiotoTiT/, denticulate ; having very 
small teeth or notches, as a leaf. Martyn. 

TOOTH'PICK, \ n. An instrument for cleaning the 

T00TH'P1€K-ER, ) teeth of substances lodged between 
them. 

T00TII'S6ME, a. Palatable ; grateful to the taste. Carew. 

TOOTH'SoME-NESS, n. Pleasantness to the taste. 

TOOTIPWoRT, n. A plant. Cyc. 

TOOTH'Y, a. Toothed ; having teeth. Crozall. 

TOOT'ING, ppr. Sounding in a particular manner. 

TOP, n. [Sax., D., Dan. top ,* Sw. topp.] 1. The highest 
part of any thing ; the upper end, edge or extremity. 2. 
Surface; upper side. 3. The liighest place. 4. Tiie 
highest person ; the chief. 5. The utmost degree. 6. 
The highest rank. 7. The crown or upper surface of the 
head. 8. The hair on the crown of the head ; the fore- 
lock. Shak. 9. The head of a plant. Watts. 10. [G. 
topf.] An inverted conoid which children play with by 


whirling it on its point, continuing the motion with 3 
whip. — 11. In ship-building , a sort of platform, surround- 
ing the head of the lower mast and projecting on all 
sides. 

TOP'-AR-MOR, n. In ships, a railing on the top, supported 
by stanchions and equipped with netting. 

TOP'-BLO€K, n. In ships, a block hung to an eye-bolt in 
the cap,_used in swaying and lowering the top-mast. 

TOP'-CHaIN, n. In ships, a chain to sling the lower yards 
in time of action, to prevent their falling when the ropes, 
by which they are hung, are shot away. 

TOP'-€LOTH, n. In ships, a piece of canvas used to cover 
the hainjiiocks which are hished to the top in action. 

TOP'-DRaIN-ING, n. The act or practice of draining xhe 
surface of land. 

TOP'-DRESS-ING, n. A dressing of manure laid on the 
surface of land. Cyc. 

TOP'-FULL, a. Full to the brim. Watts. 

TOP-GAL'LANT, a. 1. See Top-sail. 2. Highest; ele- 
vated ; splendid. 

TOP'-HEAV-Y, (top'-hev-y) a. [top and heavy.] Having 
the top or upper part too heavy for the lower. Wotton. 

TOP'-KNOT, n. [top and knot.] A knot w’orn by females 
on the top of the head. 

TOP'LEiSS, a. Having no top ; as, a topless height. 

TOP'MAN, n. 1. The man who stands above, in sawing. — 
2. In ships, a man standing in the top. 

TOP'-MAiS'l', 71. In ships, the second mast, or that which 
is next above the lower mast. Above it is the top-gal- 
lant-mast. 

TOP'-MoST, a. [top and most.] Highest ; uppermost. 

TOP'-PROUD, a. Proud to the highest degree. Shak. 

TOP'-ROPE, 71. A rope to sway up a top-mast, &_c. 

TOP'-SAIL, n. A sail extended across the top-mast, above 
which is the top-gallant-sail. 

TOP'-SHaPED, a. In botany, turbinate. 

TOP'-SOIL-ING, 77. The act or art of taking off the top-soil 
of land, before a canal is begun. 

TOP'-STONE, 77. A stone that is placed on the top, or 
which forms the top. 

T0P'-TA€-KLE, 77. A large tacKle hooked to the lower 
end of the top-mast top-rope and to the deck. 

TOP, V. i. 1. To rise aloft ; to be eminent. 2. To predom- 
inate. 3. To excel ; to rise above others. 

TOP, V. t. 1. To cover on the top ; to tip ; to cap. 2. To 
rise above. 3. To outgo ; to surpass. 4. To crop ; to take 
off the top or upper part. 5. To rise to the top of. 6. To 
perform eminently ; [oZ/s.] 

To'PAN, 77. A name of the horned Indian raven. 

To PARGH, 77. [Gr. roTrog, place and ap^og, a chief.] The 
principal man in a place or country. 

To'PAR-€HY, 77. A little state, consisting of a few cities 
or towns ; a petty country governed by a toparch. 

Td'PAZ, 77. [Gr. jona^iov.] A mineral, said to be so called 
from Topaios, a small isle in the Arabic gulf. 

TO-PAZ'O-LITE, 77. A variety of precious garnet, of a 
topaz-yellow color, or an olive-green. Ure. 

TOPE, 77. A fish of the shark kiTul. Cyc. 

TOPE, V. i. [Fr. toper.] To drink hard ; to drink strong or 
spirituous liquors to excess. Dryden. 

Td'PER, 77. One who drinks to excess ; a drunkard ; a sot. 

TOP'ET, 77. A small bird, the crested tit-mouse. 

TOPH, or TOPII'IN, n. A kind of sandstone. 

TO-PHa'CEOUS, a. Gritty; sandy; r^^ugh ; stony. 

Td'PHET, 77. [Heb. npD tophet, a drum.] Hell ; so called 
from a place east of Jerusalem, where children were burnt 
to Moloch, and wliere drums were used to drown their 
cries. 

ToTHI, 77. Ducksten ; a stone formed by earthy deposi- 
tions ; called, also, tufa or trass. 

TOP'I-A-RY, a. [L. topiarius.] 8'haped by cutting. 

TOP'IG, 77. [Gr. roTTOf ; h. topicus , topica.] 1. Any subject 
of discourse or argument. — 2. In rhetoric, probable argu- 
ment drawn from the several circumstances and places 
of a fact. 3. Principle of persuasion. — 4. In medicine, an 
external remedy ; a remedy to be applied outwardly to a 
particular part of the body, as a plaster. 

TOP'I€, ) a. 1. Pertaining to a place ; limited ; local. 

TOP'I-GAL, I 2. Pertaining to a topic or subject of dis- 
course, or to a general head. 

TOP'I-€AL-LY, adv. I. Locally ; with limitation to a part. 
2. With application to a particular part. 

TO-POG'RA-PHER, n. One who describes a particular 
place, town, city or tract of land. 

TOP-0-GRAPH'I€, \ a. Pertaining to topography ; de- 

TOP-O-GRAPH'I-f'AL, j scriptive of a place. 

TOP-0-GRAPH'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the manner of topog- 
raphy. 

TO-POG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ronog and ypa<py.] The descrip- 
tion of a particular place, city, town, manor, parish or 
tract of land. 

TOPPED, 01 TOPT, pp. or a. Covered on the top ; capped ; 
surpassed ; cropped ; luiving the top cut off. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BULL, UNITE. — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


TOR 


846 


TOT 


TOlPTING, ppr. 1. Covering the topj capping; surpass- 
ing ; cropping ; lopping. 2. a. Fine ; gallant. Johnson. 
3. Frond ; assuming superiority. \J^ew England.] 
TOPTING, 11 . Jn scainetJs la nguage, the act of pulling one 
extremity of a yard higher than the other. 
TOP'PING-LIFT, n. A large, strong tackle employed to 
suspend oi top the outer end of a gaft”, or of the boom of a 
main-sail, in a brig or schooner. 

TOF'PING-LY, adv. Proudly ; with airs of disdain. \Low.~\ 
TOP'PLE, V. i. To fall forward ; to pitch or tumble down. 
TOP'PLE, V. t. To throw down. Shak. 

TOPTLING, ppr. Falling forward. 

TOP'SY-TUIPVY, ado. In an inverted posture ; with the 
top or head downwards. South. 

ToUUE, (tok) 111 . [Fr. a cap.l A kind of bonnet or 
TO-UUET', (to-ka') | head-dress for women. 

TOR, n. fSax. tor ; L. rur?*is.] A tower ; a turret ; also, a 
high, pointed liill ; used in names. 

TORCH, n. [It. torcia ; Sp. antorcha ; Fr. torche ; D. 
toorts.) A light or luminary formed of some combustible 
substance, as of resinous wood or of candles. 
TORCli'-BEAR-ER, n. [torch and bear.] One whose office 
is to carry a torch. Sidney. 
t TORCll'ER, 11 . One that gives light. Shak. 
TORCiP-LTGHT, n. 1. The light of a torch or of torches. 

• 2. A light kindled to supply the want of the sun. 
TORCH'-Tlll.S-TLE, n. A plant of the genus cactus 
TORCH'- Wort, 71. A plant. More. 

TORE, pret. of tear ,* as, he tore his robe. 

TORE, n. [perhaps from tear.] The dead grass that re- 
mains on mowing land in winter and spring. 

TORE, 11 . [L. torus.] In architecture, a large, round mold- 
ing on tlie base of a column. Cyc. 
TO-REU-MA-TOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ropevpa and ypa(pr}.] 
A description of ancient sculptures and basso-relievos. 
TOR'AIENT, n. [P’r. tourment ^ L. tormentum ; It., Sp. 
tormento.] J. Extreme pain ; anguish ; the utmost degree 
of misery, either of body or mind. 2. That whicij giv’es 
pain, vexation or misery. 3. An engine for casting 
stones. 

TOR-MENT', V. t. 1. To put to extreme pain or anguish ; 
to inflict excruciating pain and misery, either of body or 
mind. 2. To pain ; to distress. 3. To tease; to vex; to 
harass. 4. To put into great agitation ; [unusual.] 
TOR-MENT'ED, pp. Pained to extremity ; teased. 
TOR-MENT'lL, n. [Fr. tormentille ; It. tormentilla.] A 
genus of plants, the syptfoil. Cyc. 

TOR-MEi\THNG, ppr. Paining to an extreme degree ; in- 
flicting severe distress and anguish ; teasing. 
TOR-MEJ\’T'lNG, n. In agriculture, 2 i\\ imperfect sort of 
horse-hoeing. Cyc. 

TOR-MENTdJR, n. 1. He or that which torments; one 
who inflicts penal anguish or tortures. — 2; In agriculture, 
an instrument for reducing a stitf soil. 

Torn, pp. of tear. Ex. xxii. 

TOR-Na'DO, n. [Sp., Port, tornada.] A violent gust of 
wind, or a tempest, distinguished by a whirling motion. 
Tg'ROUS, a. [L. In Z/ota//r, protuberant ; swell- 

ing in knobs, like the veins and muscles. Martyn. 
TOR-Pe'DO, n. [L.] The cramp-fish or electric ray. 
TOR'PENT, a. 'E. tor pens, torpeo.] Benumbed; torpid; 

having no motion or activity ; incapable of motion. 
TOR'PENT, n. In medicine, that which diminishes the ex- 
ertion of the irritative motions. Varicin. 
TOR-PES'CENCE, n. A state of insensibility ; torpidness ; 
numbness ; stupidity. 

TOR-Pl'^S'CENT, a. [L. torpescens.] Becoming torpid. 
TOR'PID, a. [L. torpidus.] 1. Having lost motion or the 
power of exertion and feeling ; numb. 2. Dull ; stupid ; 
sluggish ; inactive. 

TOR-PI D'l-TY, n. Torpidness. 

TOR'PID-NESS, 1 n. 1. The state of being torpid ; niimb- 
TOR'PI-TITDE, \ ness. Terpida ess may amount to total 
insensibility or loss of sensation. 2. Dullness; inactivity ; 
sluggishness ; stupidity. 

TOR'POR, n. [L.] 1. Numbness; inactivity; loss of mo- 

tion, or of the power of motion. 2. Dullness; laziness; 
sluggishness; stupidity. 

TOR-PO-RIF'IC, a. [L. torpor and /ado.] Tending to pro- 
duce torpor. 

TOR-RE-FAC'TION, n. [Fr. ; E. torrefacio.] I. The op- 
eration of drying by a fire. — 2. In metallurgy, the opera- 
tion of roasting ores. — 3. In pharmacy, the drying or 
roasting of drugs on a metalline plate, placed over or be- 
fore coals of fire, till they become friable to the fingers. 
TOR'RE-FTED, pp. Dried ; roasted ; scorched. 

TOR'RE-FY, V. t. [L. torrefacio ; Fr. torrejier.] 1. To dry 
by a fire. Brown . — 2. In metallurgy, to roast or scorch, as 
metallic ores. — 3. In pharmacy, to dry or parch, as drugs, 
on a metalline plate till they are friable, or are reduced to 
any state desired. 

TOR'RE-FY-ING, ppr. Drying by a fire ; roasting. 
TOR'RENT, n. [E.torrens.] 1. A violent rushing stream 
of water or other fluid ; a stream suddenly raised and 


running rapidly, as down a precipice. 2. A violent or 
rapid stream ; a strong current. 

TOR'RENT, a. Rolling or rushing in a rapid stream. 

TOR-RI-CEL'LI-AN, a. Pertcaining to Torricelli. 

TOR'RID, a. [L. torridus.] 1. Parched ; dried with heat. 
2. Violently hot; burning or parching. 

TOR'RID-NESS, n. The state of being very hot or parched. 

TORSE, n. [Fr. torse ; L. tortus.] in heraldry, a wreath. 

TOR'SEL, n. Any thing in a twisted form. Moxon. 

TOR'SION, n. [E. torsio.] I’he act of turning or twisting 
— Torsion balance, an instrument for estimating very mi- 
nute forces. 

TOR'SO, n. [It.] The trunk of a statue, mutilated of head 
and limbs ; as, the torso of Hercules. ' 

TOR'jSTEN, n. An iron ore of a bright bluish-black, &c. 

TORT, n. [Fr. ; E. tariws.] I. In law, any wrong or in- 
jury. 2. Alischief; calamity. Spenser. 

TORT ILE, ) a. [L. tortilis.] Twisted ; wreathed ; coiled. 

TORT'lL, j In botany, coiled like a rope. 

t TOR'TION, 71. [L. tortus.] 'I’orment ; pain. Bacon. 

TOR'TIOUS, a. 1. Injurious ; done by wrong. — 2. In law, 
implying tort, or injury for which the law gives damages. 

TORT IVE, a. [E. tortus.] Twisted ; wreathed. Shak. 

TOR'TOISE, (tortis) n. [E. tortus.] 1. An animal of the 
genus testudo, covered with a shell or crust. — 2. In the 
military art, a defense used by the ancients, formed by 
the troops arranging themselves in close order and placing 
their bucklers over their heads, making a cover resem- 
bling a tortoise-shell. 

TOR TOISE-SHELL, n. The shell or rather scales of the 
tortoise, used in inlaying and in various manufactures. 

TORT-U-OS'I-TY, n. [from tortuous.] The state of being 
twisted or wreathed ; wreath ; flexure. 

TORT'U-OUS, a. [E. tortuosus ^ Yx. tortueux.] 1. Twist- 
ed ; wreathed ; winding. 2. Tortious ; [o&s. j Spenser. 

TORT'LI-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being twisted. 

TORT'URE, n. [Fr. torture ; It., Sp. tortura.] I. Extreme 
pain ; anguish of body or mind ; pang; agony ; torment. 
2. Severe pain inflicted judicially, either as a punishment 
for a crime, or for the purpose of extorting a confession 
from an accused person. 

TORT'URE, v.t. 1. To pain to extremity; to torment. 
2. To punish with torture ; to put to the rack. 3. To 
vex ; to harass. 4. To keep on the stretch, as a bow ; 
[obs.] 

TORT'ITRED, pp. Tormented ; stretched on the wheel. 

TORT'UR-ER, n. One who tortures ; a tormentor. 

TORT'UR-ING, ppr. Tormenting ; stretching on the rack. 

TORT'UR-ING-LY, ado. So as to torture or torment. 
Beaumont. 

t TORT'UR-OUS, a. Tormenting. More. 

TtAR'U-LOSE, a. In botany, swelling a little. Martyn. 

TO'RUS, n. A molding. See Tore. 

TORV'I-TY, 71. [L. torcitas.] Sourness or severity of coun- 
tenance. 

TORV'OUS, a. [L. tarrus.] Sour of aspect; stern; of a 
severe countenance. Derham. 

To'RY, 71. [said to be an Irish word, denoting a robber.] 
The name given to an adherent to the ancient constitu- 
tion of England and to the ecclesiastical hierarchy. — In 
America, during the revolution, those who opposed the 
war, and favored the claims of Great Britain, were called 
tories. 

To'RY-ISAI, 71. The principles of the tories. 

TOSE, V. t. To tease wool. [JsTot in use, or local.] 

TOSS, V. t. ; pret. and pp. tossed-, or tost. [W. tosiaw.] 1. 
fl’o tlirow with the hand ; particularly, to throw with the 
palm of the hand upward, or to throw upward. 2. To 
throw with violence. 3. fl'o lift or throAV up with a sud- 
den o»- violent motion. 4. I’o cause to rise and fall. 5. 
To move one way and the other. Prov. xxi. 6. To agi- 
tate ; to make restless. 7. To keep in play ; to tumble 
over. 

TOSS, V. i. 1. To fling ; to roll and tumble ; to writhe ; to 
be in violent commotion. 2. To be tossed. — To toss up, is 
to throw a coin into the air and wager on what side it 
will fall. 

TOSS, 71. 1. A throwing upward or with a jerk ; the act 

of tossing. 2. A throwing up of the head ; a particular 
manner of raising the head with a jerk. 

TOSSED, pp. Thrown upward suddenly or with a jerk; 
made to rise and fall suddenly. 

TOSS'EL. See Tassel. 

TOSS'ER, 71. One who tosses. 

TOSS'ING, p 2 >r. Throwing upward with a jerk. 

TOSS'ING, 71. The act of throwing upward ; a rising and 
falling suddenly ; a rolling and tumbling. Milton. 

TOSS'-POT, 11 . A toper; one given to strong drink. 

TOST, pret. and pp. of toss. Milton. 

To'TAL, a. [Fr. ; L. totalis.] 1. Whole; full; complete. 
2. Y^’hole ; not divided. Milton. 

To'TAL, n. The whole ; the whole sum or amount. 

TO-TAL'I-TY, 71. [Fr. totalite.] The whole sum ; whole 
quantity or amount. 


See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, AIARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


TOU 


847 


TOW 


T5'TAL-LY, adv. Wholly ; entirely j fully ; completely. 

To'TAL-NESS, n. Eutireness. 

TOTE, V. t. To carry or convey. A word used in slave- 
holding countries / said to have been introduced by the 
blacks. 

TOT'TER, V. i. 1. To shake so as to threaten a fall j to 
vacillate. 2. To shake ; to reel ; to lean. Dryden. 

TOT'TER-ING, ppr. Shaking, as threatening a fall ; vacil- 
Icting ; reeling; inclining. 

f TOT'TER-Y, a. SJiaking ; trembling or vacillating as if 
about to fall ; unsteady. 

TOU'GAN, 71. A fowl of the genus ramphastos. 

TOUCH, (tuch) V. t. [Fr. toucher ; Arm. touicha^ touchan, 
or touchein ; Goth, tekan, attekan ,* G. ticken ; 1). tekken ,* 
Sp., Port, tocar ; It. toccare.] 1. To come in contact with ; 
to hit or strike against. 2. To perceive by the sense of 
feeling. 3. To come to ; to reach ; to attain to. 4. To 
try, as gold with a stone. 5. To relate to ; to concern ; 
[nearly o/>s.] 6. 'J’o handle slightly. 7. To meddle with. 

8. To alfect. 9. To move ; to soften ; to melt. 10. To 
mark or delineate slightly. 11. To infect ; [Z. w.] 12. To 
make an impression on. 13. To strike, as an instrument 
of music; to play on. 14. To inlluence by impulse; to 
impel forcibly. 15. To treat slightly. 16. To afflict or 
distress. Qen. xxvi. — To touch up, to repair; or to improve 
by slight touches or emendations. — To touch the icind, in 
seamen^s language, is to keep the ship as near the wind 
as possible. 

Touch, (tuch) v. i. l. To be in contact with ; to be in a 
state of junction, so that no space is between. 2. To 
fasten on ; to take effect on. 3. To treat of slightly in 
discourse. — To touch at, to come or go to, without stay. — 
To touch on or upon, to mention slightly. Addison. 

Touch, (tuch) n. l. Contact; the hitting of two bodies ; 
the junction of two bodies at the surface, so that there is 
no space between them. 2. The sense of feeling ; one of 
the five senses. 3. The act of touching. 4. The state of 
being touched. 5. Examination by a stone. 6. Test; 
that by which any thing is examined. 7. Proof ; tried 
qualities. 8. Single act of a pencil on a picture. 9. Fea- 
ture ; lineament. 10. Act of the hand on a musical in- 
strument. 11. Power of exciting the affections. 12. 
Something of passion or affection. 13. Particular applica- 
tion of any thing to a person ; [o&s.] 14. A stroke. 15. 

Animadversion; censure; reproof. 16. Exact perform- 
ance of agreement ; [oZ>5.] 17. A small quantity inter- 

mixed. 18. A hint; suggestion; slight notice. 19. A 
cant word for a slight essay ; [oZ>s.] — 20. In music, the re- 
sistance of the keys of an instrument to the fingers. — 21. 
In music, an organ is said to have a good touch or stop, 
when the keys close well. — 22. In ship-building , touch is 
the broadest part of a plank worked top and butt ; or the 
middle of a plank worked anchor-stock fashion ; also, the 
angles of the stern timbers at the counters. 

T6UCH'A-BLE, (tuch'a-bl) a. That may be touched ; 
tangible. 

ToUCH'-HOLE, (tuch'-hole) n. [touch and hole.'] The 
vent of a cannon or other species of fire-arms, by which 
fire is communicated to the powder of the charge. 

T6UCIPI-LY, (tuch e-ly) adv. With irritation ; with peev- 
ishness. Waterhouse. 

T6UCIPI-NESS, (tuclPe-nes) n. [from toucky.l Peevish- 
ness ; irritability ; irascibility. King Charles. 

ToUCH'lNG, (tuch'ing) ppr. 1. Coming in contact with ; 
hitting ; striking ; affecting. 2. Concerning; relating to; 
with respect to. 3. a. Affecting; moving; pathetic. 

Touching, (tuch'ing) n. Touch ; the sense of feeling. 

T6UCH'ING-LY, (tuch ing-ly) adv. In a manner to move 
the passions ; feelingly. Garth. 

ToUCH'-ME-NOT, n. A plant of the genus impatiens, and 
another of the genus momordica. 

ToUCH'-NEE-DLE, (tuch'-nee-dl) n. Touch-needles are 
small bars of gold, silver and copper, each pure and in all 
proportions, prepared for trying gold and silver by the 
touchstone, by comparison with the mark they leave 
upon it. 

T6UCIP8TONE, (tuch'stone) n. 1. A stone by which met- 
als are examined ; a black, smooth, glossy stone. 2. Any 
test or criterion by which the qualities of a thing are tried. 
— Irish touchstone is the basalt, the stone which com- 
poses the Giant’s causey. 

ToUCH'-WOOD, n. [touch and wood.] Decayed wood ; 
used like a'match for taking fire from a spark. Howell. 

ToUCH'Y, (tuch'y) a. [vulgarly techy.] Peevish; irritable ; 
irascible ; apt to take fire. [JV'ot eleyant.] Arbuthnot. 

Tough, (tuf) a. [Sax. Uh.] l. Having the quality of 
flexibility without brittleness ; yielding to force without 
breaking. 2. Firm ; strong ; not easily broken ; able to 
endure hardship. 3. Not easily separated ; viscous ; 
clammy; tenacious; ropy. 4. Stiff; not flexible. 

ToUGH'EN, (tuf'fn) v. i. To grow tough. Mortimer. 

ToUGH'EN, (tuf'fn) v. t. To make tough. 

ToUGH'LY, (tuf'ly ) adv. In a tough manner. 

TOUGH NESS, (tuf'nes) n. 1. The quality of a substance 


which renders it in some degree flexible, without brittle 
ness or liability to fracture ; flexibility with a firm adhe- 
sion of parts. 2. Viscosity ; tenacity ; clamminess ; glti- 
tinousness. 3. Firmness; strength of constitution or 
texture. 


T5U-PEE', 

* T5U-PET', 

ToUR, (toor) 71. [Fr. tour ; D. toer.] 1. 


71. [Fr. toupet.] A little tuft ; a curl or arti- 
ficial lock of hair. 

Literally, a going 


round ; hence, a journey in a circuit. 2. A turn ; a revo- 
lution ; [oZ>5.] 3. A turn ; as, a tour of duty. 4. A tress 
or circular border of hair on the head, worn sometimes 
by both sexes. 5. A tower ; [obs.] 

ToURTST, (toor'ist) n. One who makes a tour, or performs 
a journey in a circuit. 


TOUR'MA-LIN, 
TUR'MA-LIN, 


n. In mineralogy, a silicious stone. 


ToURN, 71. The sheriff’s turn or court ; also, aspinning- 
wheel. [JSTot American.] 

* ToURN'A-MENT, (turn'a-ment) n. [from Fr. tourner.] 
A martial sport or exercise formerly performed by cava- 
liers to show their address and bravery. 


A surgical instru- 
with a 


ToURN'E-aUET, (turn'e-ket) n. [Fr.] 
ment or bandage which is straitened or relaxed 
screw, and used to check hemorrhages. 

*T6URN'EY, (turn'y) n. A touniament. 

* ToURN'EY, (turn'y) v. i. To tilt ; to perform tourna- 
ments. 


TOUSE, v. t. [G. zausen.] To pull ; to haul ; to tear. 
[Hence Towser.] Spenser. 

TOU'SLE, 1 V. t. The same as touse ; to put into disorder; 
TOU.'B'EL, I to tumble ; to tangle. 

TOUT, V. i. To toot, ichich see. 

ToW, V. t. [Sax. teogan, teon ; P'r. touer.] To drag, as a 
boat or ship, through the water by means of a rope. 
ToW, 71. [Sax. tow ^ Fv. ctoupe ; L. 5fupa.] The coarse 
and broken part of flax or hemp, separated from the finer 
part by the hatchel or swingle. 

ToW'AGE, 71. 1. The act of towing. 2. The price paid 
for towing. Walsh. 

* To' WARD, or * To* WARDS, prep. [Sax. toivard ; to 
and ward.] 1. In the direction to. 2. vVith direction to, 
in a moral sense; with respect to; regarding. 3. With 
ideal tendency to. 4. Nearly. 

^To'WARD, or To'VVARDS, adv. Near at hand; in a 
state of preparation. 

* To' WARD, a. Ready to do or learn ; not froward ; apt. 
'f'To'WARD-LI-NESS, 71. [from toicardly.] Readiness to do 

or learn ; aptness ; docility. Raleigh. 

To'WARD-LY, a. Ready to do or learn; apt; docile; 
tractable ; compliant with duty. Bacon. 

* To'WAED-NESS, n. Docility; towardliness. South. 
TOW'EL, n. [Fr. touaille ; Gaelic, tubailt.] A cloth used 

for wiping the hands and for other things. 

TOW'ER, 71. [Sax. tor, tirre ; Ir. tor ; Fr., Arm. tour ; Sp., 
It., Port. to7're ; W. twr.] 1. A building, either round or 
square, raised to a considerable elevation and consisting 
of several stories. 2. A citadel ; a fortress. Ps. Ixi. 3. 
A high head-dress. 4. High flight ; elevation. 

TOW'ER, V. i. To rise and fly high ; to soar ; to be lofty. 
TOW'ERED, a. Adorned or defended by towers. Milton. 
TOW'ER-ING, ppr. 1. Rising aloft ; mounting high ; soar- 
ing. 2. a. Very high; elevated. 

TOW'ER-MUS TARD, n. A plant. Lee. 

TOW'ER-Y, tt. Having towers; adorned or defended by 


towers. 

ToW'ING, ppr. Drawing on water, as a boat. 

ToW'ING-PaTH, 71. A path used by men or horses that 
tow boats. 

ToW'-LINE, n. A small hawser, used to tow a ship, &c. 

TOWN, 71 . [Sax. tu7i ; W. din, divas; Gaelic, 1. 

Originally, a walled or fortified place ; a collection of 
houses inclosed with walls, hedges or pickets for safety. 
2. Any collection of houses, larger than a village. — 3. In 
England, any number of houses to which belongs a regu- 
lar Inarket, and which is not a city or the see of a bishop. 
4. The inhabitants of a town.— 5. In popular 7isage, in 
America, a township; the whole territory within certain 
limits. — 6. In E7igla7id, the court end of London. Pope. 
7. The inhabitants of the metropolis. Pope. 8. The me- 
tropolis. 

TOWN'-CLERK, n. An officer who keeps the records of a 
town, and enters all its official proceedings. 

TOWN'-CRi-ER, n. [town and cry.] A public crier ; one 
who makes proclamation. Shak. 

TOWN'-HOUSE, n. 1. The house where the public busi- 
ness of the town is transacted by the irihabitants in legal 
meeting. Mew E7igla7ul. 2. A house in town, in opposi- 
tion to a house in the country. 

TOWN'ISH, a. Pertaining to the inhabitants of a town; 

like the town. 

TOWN'LESS, a. Having no town. Howell. 

TOWN'SHIP, n. The district or territory of a town. 

TOWNS'MAN, 71 . 1. An inhabitant of a place ; or one of 
the same town with another. 2. A selectman. 


See Synopsis. MOVE, BO^K, DOVE ;-BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


TRA 


848 


TRA 


TOWN^-TALK, .n. [town and talk.^ The common talk of 
a place, or the subject of common conversation. 

ToW'-ROPE, n. Any rope used in towing ships or boats. 

TOWS'ER, n. [from touse.'] The name or a dog. 

TOXT-CAL, a. [L. tozicum.l Poisonous. [Little used.l 

TOX-I-GOL'O-OY, n. [Gr. to^ikov and Xoyos.] A discourse 
on poisons ; or the doctrine of poisons. 

TOY, 71 . [qu. D. tool.] 1. A plaything for children; a 
bawble. 2. A trifle : a thing for amusement, but of no 
real value. 3. An article of trade of little value. 4. Mat- 
ter of no importance. .5. Folly ; trifling practice ; silly 
opinion. 6. Amorous dalliance ; play ; sport. 7. An old 
story ; a silly tale. 8. Slight representation. 9. Wild 
fancy ; odd conceit. ^ 

TOY, V. i. [Dan. t'dver ,* Sw. tufva.l To dally amorously ; 
to trifle ; to play. 

fTOY, V. t. To treat foolishly. Dering. 

TOY'ER, 71. One who toys; one who is full of trifling 
tricks. 

TOY'FUL, a. Full of trifling play. Donne. 

TOY'ING, ppr. Dallying; trifling. 

TOY'ISH, «. Trifling; wanton. Crowley. 

TOY'ISH-NESS, n. Disposition to dalliance or trifling. 

TOY'xMAN, n. [toy and man.'] One that deals in toys. 

TOY'SHOP, 71. A shop where toys are sold. 

ToZE, V. t. To pull by violence. See Touse. 

TRACE, n. [Fr. ; It. traccia ; Sp. traza.] 1. A mark left 
by any thing passing ; a footstep ; a track ; a vestige. 2. 
Remains ; a mark, impression or visible appearance of 
any thing left when the thing itself no longer exists. 

TRAt/E, n. [Fr. tirrtssc.] Traces^ in a harness^ are the 
straps, chains or ropes by which a carriage or sleigh is 
drawn by horses. [Locally, these are called tugs ^ Sax. 
teogan, to draw.] 

TRACE, V. t. [Fr. tracer ; It. tracciare ; Sp. trazare.] 1. 
To mark out ; to draw or delineate with marks. 2. To 
follow by some mark that has been left by something 
which has preceded ; to follow by footsteps or tracks. 3. 
To follow with exactness. 4. To walk over. 

TRACE' A-BLE, a. That may be traced. Drummond. 

traced, pp. Marked ou*,; delineated; followed. 

TRA'CER, n. One that traces or follows by marks. 

TRA'CER-Y, n. Ornamental stone-work. JVarton. 

TRa'GHE-A, n. [Low L.J In anatomy, the windpipe. 

TRA'CHE-AL, a. Pertaining to the trachea or windpipe. 

TRA'GHE-O-CkLE, 71. [trachea, and Gr. An en- 

largement of the thyroid gland ; bronchocele or goitre. 

TRA-CHE-OT'O-MY, n. [trachea, and Gr. Tcpvu).] In sjir- 
genj, the operation of making an opening into the wind- 
pipe. 

TRA'CHYTE, n. [Gr. I'pnxu?.] A volcanic rock. 

TRA-GHYT'IG, a. Pertaining to trachyte, or consisting 
of it. 

TRA'CING, ppr. [from trace.] Marking out; drawing in 
lines ; following by marks or footsteps. 

TRA'CrXG, n. Course ; regular track or path. Davies. 

TRACK, n. [It. traccia ; Sp. traza ; Fr. trace ] 1. A mark 
left by something that has passed along. 2. A mark or 
impression left by the foot, either of man or beast. 3. A 
road ; a beaten path. 4. Course ; way. 

TRACK, V. t. 1. To follow when guided by a trace, or by 
the footsteps, or marks of the feet. 2. To tow ; to draw 
a boat on the water in a canal. 

TRACKED, pp. Followed by the footsteps. 

TRACK'ING, ppr. Following by the impression of the feet ; 
drawing a boat ; towing. 

TRACK'LESS, a. Having no track; marked by no foot- 
steps ; untrodden ; as, a trackless desert. 

TR ACK'-RoAD, n. [track and road.] A towing-path. 

TRACK'-SCOUT, n. [track, and D. schuit.] A boat em- 
ployed on the canals in Holland, usually drawn by a 
liorse. 

TRACT, 71. [L. tr actus ,* It. tratto ; Fr. trait ; from L. 
traho.] 1. Something drawn out or extended. 2. A re- 
gion, or quantity of land or water, of indefinite extent. 
3. A treatise ; a written discourse or dissertation of indefi- 
nite length, but generally not of great extent. — 4. In 
hunting, the trace or footing of a wild beast. 5. Treat- 
ment ; exposition ; [o6s.] 6. Track ; [efts.] 7. Continu- 

ity or extension of any thing ; [oZ>s,j 8. Continued or 
protracted duration ; length ; extent. 

t TRACT, V. t. To trace oiit ; to draw out. 

TRACT-A-BIL'I-TY, v. The quality or state of being 
tractable or docile ; docility ; tractableness. 

TRACT'A-BLE, a. [1j. tractabilis ; Fr. traitahle.] 1, That 
may be easily led, taught or managed ; docile ; manage- 
able ; governable, 2, Palpable ; such as may be han- 
dled. 

TRACT'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of being, 
tractable or manageable ; docility. Locke. 

TRACT'.\-BLY, adv, In a tractable manner ; with ready 
compliance, 

f TRACT'ATE, n. [L. tractatus.] A treatise ; a tract. 


^ See Synopsis, A, £>1? O, tJ, Y, long , — FAR, FALL, 


TRACT-A'TION, ?i. [h. tractatio.] Treatment or handling 
of a subject; discussion. Bp. Hall. 

TRACT-a'TRIX, 71. In geometry, a curve line. 

TRACT'ILE, a. [L. tractus.] Capable of being drawn out 
in length ; ductile. Bacon. 

TRAC-TIL'I-TY, 71. The quality of being tractile ; ductil- 
ity. Derham. 

TRAC'TION, 71. [L. tractus.] 1. The act of drawing, or 
state of being drawn. 2. Attraction ; a drawing towards. 

TRACT'OR, 71. That which draws, or is used for drawing. 
.Tourn. of Science. 

TRADE, 71. [Sp., Port, trato ; It. tratta.] 1. The act or 
business of exchanging commodities by barter ; or the 
business of buying and selling for money; commerce; 
traflick ; barter. 2. The business which a person has 
learned, and which he carries on for procuring subsistence 
or for profit ; occupation ; particularly , mechanical em- 
ployment. 3. Business pursued ; occupation ; in contempt. 
4. Instruments of any occupation. 5. Employment not 
manual; habitual exercise. 6. Custom; habit; standing 
practice. 7. Men engaged in the same occupation ; tlius 
booksellers speak o/ the customs of the trade. 

TR.ADE, V. i. 1. To barter, or to buy and sell ; to deal in 
the exchange, purcliase or sale of goods, wares and mer- 
chandise, or any thing else ; to traflick ; to carry on com- 
merce as a business. 2. I’o buy and sell or exchange 
property in a single instance. 3. To act merely for 
money. 4. To have a trade wind ; [unusual.] 

TRADE, V. t. To sell or exchange in commerce. 

ITRaD'ED, a. Versed ; practiced, Shak. 

TRaDE'FTJL, a. Commercial ; busy in traflick. Spenser. 

TRaD'ER, n. One engaged in trade or commerce ; a dealer 
in buying and selling or barter. 

t TRaDES'FoLK, n. People employed in trade. Sicift. 

TRaDE;?'MAN, 71. [trade and man.] A shop-keeper, 

TRaDE'-WIND, 71. A wind that favors trade. A trade- 
wind is a wind that blows constantly in the same direc- 
tion, or a wind that blows for a number of months in one 
direction, and then, clianging, blows as long in the oppo- 
site direction. These winds, in the East Indies, are call- 
ed 7 ho7jsoot?s, which are periodical. 

TRaD'IXG, /T/ jr. 1. Trafficking; exchanging commodities 
by barter, or buying and selling them. 2. a. Carrying on 
ct^mmerce. 

TRaD'ING, n. The act or business of carrying on com- 
ni6rc6* 

TRA-DF'TIOX, n. [Fr. ; L. traditio.] I. Delivery; the 
act of delivering into the hands of another. 2. The deliv- 
ery of opinions, doctrines, practices, rites and customs 
from father to son, or from ancestors to posterity. 3. That 
which is handed down from age to age by oral communi- 
cation. 

TRA-DI"TION-AL, or TRA-DF'TION-A-RY, ^7. 1. De- 
livered orally from father to son ; communicated from 
ancestors to descendants by word only ; transmitted from 
age to age without writing. 2. Observant of tradition ; 

TRA-DI"TION-AL-LY, adv. By transmission from father 
to son, or from age to age. 

TRA-DI"TION-A-RY, n. Among the .Jews, one who ac- 
knowledges the authority of traditions, and explains the 
Scriptures by them. 

TRA-DT''TIOX-ER, ) n. One who adheres to tradition. 

TRA-Dl 'TION-IST, ^ Gregory. 

TRAD'I-TiVE, a. [Fr.] Transmitted or transmissible from 
father to son, or from age to age, by oral communication, 

TRADT-TOR, n. [L.] A deliverer; a name of infamy 
given to Christians w’ho delivered the Feriptures or the 
goods of the church to their persecutors to save their 
lives. 

TRA-DuCE^, V. t. [L. traduco ; Fr. traduire.] I. To rep- 
resent as blamable ; to condemn. 2. To calumniate ; to 
I vilify ; to defame ; wilfully to misrepresent. 3. To prop- 

I agate ; to continue by deriving one from another ; [«/>.?.] 

i TRA-DU'CED, (tra-dust') pp. Misrepresented ; calumnia- 
I ted. 

TRA-DuCE'MENT, 77. Misrepresentation ; ill-founded cen- 
sure ; defamation; calumny. [Little 7ised.] Skak. 

TRA-Dti'CENT, a. Slandering; slanderous. Entick. 

TRA-Du'CER, 77. One that traduces; a slanderer; a ca- 
lumniator. 

TR A-Du'CI-BLE, a. That may be orally derived. [L. ?/.] 

TRA-Du'CING, ppr. Slandering; defaming; calumnia- 
ting. 

TRA-DCCING-LY", adv. Slanderously ; by way of defa- 
mation. 

|TRA-DU€T', v,t. [L. traduco, traductum.] To derive, 
Fotherby. 

TRA-DU€'TT0N, n. [L. tradactio.] L Derivation from 
one of the same kind ; propagation. 2. Tradition ; trans- 
mission from one to another; [Z, «.] 3. Conveyance; 
transportation; act of transferring. 4. Transition. 

TRxA-DU€'TIVE, a. Derivable ; that may be deduced. 

TR AF'FIGK, 77. [Fr. trafe ; It. traffico.] 1. Trade; com- 


f ILVr PR^.Y HN, MARINE, BiRD — 


* Obsolete 


TRA 


TRA 849 


iiierce, either by barter or by buying and selling. 2. 
Commodities for market. 

TRAF'FICK, v.i. [Fr. irafiquer ; It. trafficare traji- 
car.] 1. To trade j to pass goods and commodities from 
one person to another for an equivalent in goods or 
money j to barter ; to buy and sell wares ; to carry on 
commerce. 2. To trade meanly or mercenarily. Skak. 
TRAF'FICK, V. t. To exchange iti traffick. 
t TRAFTTCK-A-BLE, a. Marketable. Bp. Hall. 

TR AF^FICK-ER, n. One who carries on commerce ; a 
trader ; a merchant. Is. viii, S/iak. 

TRAFTICK-ING, ppr. Trading; bartering; buying and 
selling goods, wares and commodities. 

TRAG^A-CANTH, ii. [L. traffacanthum ; Gr. rpayuKavOa.^ 

1. Goat’s-thorn ; a plant. 2. A gum obtained from the 
goat’s-thorn. 

TRA-Gf.‘DI-AN, ??. [L. tragcedus.] 1. A writer of tragedy. 

2. More generally^ an actor of tragedy. 

TRAG'E-DY, n. [Fr. iragedie ; It., Sp. tragedia.] 1. A 

dramatic poem representing some signal action performed 
by illustrious persons, and generally having a fatal issue. 
2. A fatal and mournful event ; any event in which hu- 
man lives are lost by human violence, viore particularly 
by unauthorized violence. 

TRAGTC, I a. [L. tragicus ; Fr. tragiquc ; It. tragi- 
TRAGT-C AL, [ CO.] 1. Pertaining to tragedy ; of the na- 
ture or character of tragedy. 2. Fatal to life ; mournful ; 
sorrowful ; calamitous ; 3. Mournful ; expressive of tra- 
gedy, the loss of life, or of sorrow. 

TRAG'I-GAL-LY, Gfio. In a tragical manner; with fatal 
issue ; mournfully ; soriowfully. 

TRAG'PCAL-NESS, n. Fatality; mournfulness; sadness. 
TRAG-I-COM'E-DY, n. [Fr. tragi-comedie ; tragedy and 
comedy.'] A kind of dramatic piece representing some ac- 
tion passed among eminent persons, tire event of which 
is not unhappy, in which serious and comic scenes are 
blended. 

TRAG-I-€OM'IC, 1 a. Pertaining to tragi-comedy ; par- 
TRAG I-COMT-CAL, J taking of a mixture of grave and 
comic scenes. 

TRAG-I-C0M/[-€AL-LY, ado. In a tragi-comical manner. 
TRaIL, V. t. [Sp. ,• W. trail.] 1. To hunt by the 

track. 2. To draw along the ground. 3. To lower. — 4. 
In America, to tread down grass by walking through; to 
lay flat. 

TRAIL, V. i. To be drawn out in length. Spenser. 

TRAIL, 71. 1. Track followed by the hunter ; scent left on 
the ground by the animal pursued. 2. Any thing drawn 
to length. 3. Any thing drawn behind in long undula- 
tions ; a train. 4. The entrails of a fowl ; applied some- 
times to those of sheep. 

TRAILED, pp. Hunted by the tracks; laid flat; drawn 
along on the ground ; brought to a lower position. 
TRAIL'ING, ppr. Hunting by the track ; drawing on the 
ground ; treading down ; laying flat. 

TRAIN, V. t. [Fr. trainer^ It. trainare, tranare.] 1. To 
draw along. 2. To draw; to entice; to allure. 3. To 
draw by artifice or stratagem. 4. To draw from act to 
act by persuasion or promise. 5. To exercise ; to disci- 
pline ; to teach and form by practice. 6. To break, tanje 
and accustom to draw, as oxen. 7. To prepare for ath- 
letic exercises by a particular course of food and exercise. 
— 8. In gardening, to lead or direct and form to a wail 
or espalier ; to form to a proper shape by growth, lopping 
or pruning. — 9. In mining, to trace a lode or any mineral 
appearance to its head. — To train, or train up, to educate ; 
to teach ; to form by instruction or practice ; to bring up. 
TRAIN, 71. 1. Artifice ; stratagem of enticement. 2. 
Something drawn along behind, the end of a gown, &c. 

3. The tail of a fowl. 4. A retinue ; a number of follow- 
ers or attendants. .5. A series ; a consecution or succes- 
sion of connected things. 6. Process ; regular method ; 
course. 7. A conjpany in order ; a procession. 8. The 
number of beats which a watch makes in any certain time. 
9. A line of gunpowder, laid to lead fire to a charge, or to 
a quantity intended for execution. 

TRA IN'A-BLR, a. That may be trained. [Little 'used.] 
TRAIN'-BAND, n. [train and band.] A band or company 
of militia. — Train-hands, in the plural, militia. 
TRAIN'-BEAR-ER, n. One who holds up a train. 
TRAINED, pp. Drawn ; educated ; formed by instruction. 
TRAIN'ER, n. One who trains up ; an instructor. Ash. 
TRAIN'ING, 77pr. Drawing; alluring; educating ; teach- 
ing and forming by practice. 

TRAINTNG, 71. 1. The act or process of drawing or edu- 
cating ; education. 2. Preparation for athletic exercises. 
— 3. In gardening, the operation or art of forming young 
trees to a wall or espalier, or of causing them to grow in 
a shape suitable for that end. 

TRAIN'-OIL, 71 . [train and oil.] The oil procured from the 
blubber or fat of whales by boiling. Cyc. 

TRAlN'-RoAD, n. [train and road.] In mines, n. slight 
rail-way for small wagons. Cyc. 


t TRAIN'Y, a. Belonging to train-oil. Qay. 

TRaIPSE, V. i. To walk sluttishly or carelessly. [A lorn 
‘word.] ^ 

* TRAir, n. [Fr. trait ; L. tractus.] 


2. A line ; a feature. 


1. A stroke ; a touch. 


TRaII OK, 71. [Ir. traitre ; Arm. treitre, treutor ; >Sp. 
trotdoT j Jj. t7*adito7\^ 1. One who violates his nlleginnce 
and betrays his country ; one guilty of treason ; one who, 
in breach of trust, delivers his country to its enemy or 
uny foit 01 place intrusted to his defense. 2. Giie who 
betrays his trust. 


fTRAIT'OR-LY, a. Treacherous. 

TRaIT^OR-OUS, a. 1. Guilty of treason ; treacherous ; per- 
fidious ; faithless. 2. Consisting in treason ; partaking- 
of treason ; implying breach of allegiance. ° 

TRa1T'OR-OUS-LY, ado. In violation of allegiance and 
trust ; treacherously ; perfidiously. 

TRaIT'OR-OUS-NESS, 71. Treachery ; the quality of be- 
ing treasonable. Scott. 

TRaIT'RESS, 71. A female who betrays her country or her 
trust. Dryden. 

TRA-JECT', V. t. [L. trajectus.] To throw or cast through. 

TRAJ'ECT, n. A ferry; a passage, or place for passing 
water with boats. Shak. 

TRA-JEGT'ING, ppr. Casting through. 

TRA-JEC'TION, 71. 1. The act of casting or darting through. 
2. Transportation. 3. Emission. 

TRA-JECT'O-RY, n. The orbit of a comet. Cyc. 

TRA-La'TION, 71. A change in the use of a word, or 
the use of a word in a less proper, but more significant 


sense. 


TRAL-A-TF'TIOUS, a. [L. translatus, transfero.] Meta- 
phoric.al ; not literal. 

TRAL-A-TI"TIOUS-LY^, ado. Metaphorically. 

f TRA-LIN'E-ATE, v. t. [L. trams and linea.] To deviate 
from any direction. Dryden. 

TRA-Lu'CENT, a. [L. tralucens.] Transparent ; clear. 

TRAM'MEL, n. [Fr. tramail.] 1. A kind of long net for 
catching birds or fishes. 2. A kind of shackles used for 
regulating the motions of a horse, and making him amble. 
3. An iron hook, of various forms and sizes, used for 
hanging kettles and other vessels over the fire. — 4. Tram- 
mels, in mechanics, a joiner’s instrument for drawing ovals 
upon boards. 

TRAM'MEL, v. t. [Sp. trahar.] 1. To catch ; to intercept. 
2. To confine ; to hamper ; to shackle. 

TRAM'MELED, pp. 1. Caught; confined; shackled. — 2. 
In the manege, a horse is said to be trammeled, when he 
has blazes or w'hite marks on the fore and hind foot of 
one side. 

TRAM'MEL-ING, ppr. Catching; confining; shackling. 

TRA-MON'TANE, n. One living beyond the mountain ; a 
stranger. 

TRA-MON'TANE, a. [It. tramontana ; L. trans and 7110715 .] 
Lying or being beyond the mountain ; foreign ; barbar- 
ous. 

TRAMP, V. t. [Sw. trampa.] To tread. 

TRAMP, V. i. To travel ; to wander or stroll. 

TRAMP'ER, 71. A stroller ; a vagrant or vagabond. 

TRAM'PLE, V. t. [G. trampeln, trampen; Dan. tramp cr ; 
fc?w. trampa.] 1. To tread under foot ; especially, to tread 
upon with pride, contempt, triumph or scorn. 2. To 
tread down ; to prostrate by treading. 3. To treat with 
pride, contempt and insult. 

TRAM'PLE, r. 1 . 1. To tread in contempt. 2. To tread 
with force and rapidity. Dryden. 

TRAM'PLE, 71. The act of treading underfoot with con- 
tempt. 

TRAM'PLED, pp. Trod on ; trodden under foot. 

TRAM'PLER, n. One that tramples ; one that treads down. 

TRAM'PLING, ppr. Treading under foot ; prostrating by 
treading ; treading with contempt and insult. 

f TRA-NA'TION, n. [L. tra7io.] The act of passing over by 
swimming. 

TRANCE, (tfins) n. [Fr. tra.nse.] An ecstasy ; a state in 
which the soul seems to have passed out of the body into 
celestial regions, or to be rapt into visions. 

TRANCE, V. t. To entrance. Bp. Hall. 

TRANCED, a. Lying in a trance or ecstasy. Shah. 

t TR AN'GRAM, n. An odd thing intricately contrived. 

TRAN'NEL, used by Moxon, is a mistake for tree-nail, pro- 
nounced by ship-builders trunnel. 

TRAN'Q,UIL, a. [Fr. tranquille ; L. tranqvillus .] Quiet ; 
calm ; undisturbed ; peaceful ; not agitated. 

TRAN'aUIL-IZE, v. t. To quiet ; to allay when agitated ; 
to compose ; to make calm and peaceful. 

TRAN'QUIL-TZED, pp. Quieted ; calmed ; composed. 

TRAN'QUIL-lZ-ING, ;ipr. Quieting; composing. 

TRAN-QUIL'LI-TY, n. [L. tranquillitas.] Quietness; a 
calm state ; freedom from disturbance or agitation. 

TRAN'QUIL-LY, adv. Quietly ; peacefully. 

TRAN'QUIL-NESS, n. Quietness; peacefulness. 

TRANS-ACT', v. t. [L. transactus ] To do ; to perform ; to 


manage. 


* See Synopsis. 


MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 

54 


G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 


t Obsolete, 


850 


TRA 


TRA 

TRANS-ACT^, V. i. To conduct matters j to treat; to man- 
age. South. 

TRANS-ACT'ED, pp. Done ; performed ; managed. 

TRANS-A€T'1NG, ppr. Managing; performing. 

TRANS-A€'TION, n. 1. The doing or performing of any 
business ; management of any affair. 2. That which is 
done ; an affair. — 3. In the civil law, an adjustment of a 
dispute between parties by mutual agreement. 

TllvVNS-A€T^OR, /i. One who performs or conducts any 
business. Da-ham. 

TRANS-AL'PlNE, a. [L. trans, and .Alpine.] Lying or be- 
ing beyond the Alps in regard to Rome, that is, on the 

• north or west of the Alps. 

TRANS-AN'I-MATE, t. [L. trans, and animate.] To ani- 
mate by the conveyance of a soul to another body. 

TRANS-AN-1-Ma'TION, n. [L. trails and anima.] Con- 
veyance of the soul from one body to another ; transmi- 
gration. 

TRANS-AT-LAN^TIG, a. [L. trans, and Atlantic.] Lying 
or being beyond the Atlantic. 

TIIANS-CEND', -y. t. \\-i. transcendo.] 1. To rise above; 
to surmount. 2. To pass over ; to go beyond. 3. To sur- 
pass ; to outgo ; to excel ; to exceed. 

t 'PRANS-CEND', v. i. To climb. Brown. 

TRANS-CEND'ED, pp. Overpassed ; surpassed. 

TRANS-CEND'ENCE, 1 «. 1. Superiorexcellence;super- 

TRANS-CEATDfEN-CY, ^ eminence. 2. Elevation above 
truth ; exaggeration. 

TRANS-CEND'ENT, a. [L. transcendcns.] Very excel- 
lent ; superior or supreme in excellence ; surpassing oth- 
crs. 

TllANS-CEND-ENT'AL, a. Supereminent ; surpassing oth- 
ers. 

TRANS-CEND'ENT-LY, adv. Very excellently ; super- 
eminently ; by way of eminence. South. 

TRANS-CEND'ENT-NESS, n. Supereminence ; unusual 
excellence. Montagu. 

TRANS'CO-LATE, y. t. [L. and coZo.] To strain; to 
cause to pass through a sieve or colander. 

TRAN-SCRIBE', v. t. [L. transcribo.] To copy ; to write 
over again or in the same words ; to write a copy of any 
thing. 

TRAN-SCRiB'ED, (tran-skribd') pp. Copied. 

TllAN-SGRiB'ER, n. A copier; one who writes from a 
copy. Addison. 

TRAN-SCRiB'ING, ppr. Writing from a copy ; writing a 
copy. 

TRAN'SCRIPT, n. \1j. transcriptum.] 1. A copy; a writ- 
ing made from and according to an^original. 2. A copy 
of any kind. Olanville. 

TRAN-SCRIP'TION, n. [Fr.] The act of copying. 

TRAN-SCRIPT'IVE-LY, adv. In manner of a copy. 
Brown. 

TRANS-CUR', y. i. {L. transcurro.] To run or rove to and 
fro. [Little used.] Bacon. 

TRANS-CUR'SION, n. A rambling or ramble ; a passage 
beyond certain limits ; extraordinary deviation. 

TRANS-DUC'TION, n. [L. trans and duco.] The act of 
conveying over. Entick. 

TRaNSE, n. Ecstasy. See Trance. 

TRANS-EL-E-MEN-Ta'TIOxN, n. [L. trans, and element.] 
The change of the elements of one body into those of an- 
other ; transubstantiation. Burnet. 

TRAN'SEPT, ?r. [L. trans and septum.] In ancient churches, 
the aisle extending across the nave and main aisles. 

TRANS-FER', v. t. [L. transfero.] 1. To convey from 
one place or person to another ; to transport or remove 
to another place or person. 2. To make over ; to pass ; 
to convey, as a right, from one person to another ; to sell ; 
to give. 

TRANS'FER, n. 1. The removal or conveyance of a thing 
from one place or person to another. 2. The convey- 
ance of right, title or property, either real or personal, 
from one person to another, either by sale, by gift or oth- 
erwise. 

TRANS-FER'A-BLE, a. 1. That may be transferred or con- 
veyed from one place or person to another. 2. Negotia- 
ble, as a note. 

TRANS-FER'RED, (trans-ferd') Conveyed from one to 
another. 

TR ANS-FER-REE', n. The person to whom a transfer is 
made. Hamilton. 

TRANS-FER'RER, 71. One who makes a transfer or con- 
veyance. 

TR ANS-FER'RTNG, ppr. Removing from one place or per- 
son to another ; conveying to another, as a right. 

TRANS-FIG-UR-a'TION, 77. [Fr.] 1. A change of form ; 

particularly, the supernatural change in the personal ap- 
pearance of oiir Savior on the mount. See Matt. xvii. 
2. A feast held by the Romish church, on the 6th of Au- 
gust, in commemoration of the miraculous change above 
mentioned. 

TRANS-FIG'URE, v. t. [L. trans and figura ; Fr. transjig- 
urer.] To transform ; to change the outward form. 


TRANS-FIG'URED, pp. Changed in form. 

TRANS-FIG'UR-ING, ppr. Transforming ; changing the 
external form. 

TRANS-FIX', V. t. [L. transjizus, transjigu.] To pierce 
through, as with a pointed weapon. Dryden. 

TRANS-FIX'ED, (trans-fixt') pp. Pierced through. 

TRANS-FIX'ING, pp?*. Piercing through. 

TRANS-FORM', v. t. [Fr. transformer.] 1. To change the 
form of ; to change the shape or appearance ; to metamor- 
phose. 2. To change one substance into another ; to 
transmute. — 3. In theology, to change the natural disposi- 
tion and temper. Rom. xii. 4. To change the elements, bread 
and wine, into the flesh and blood of Christ. — 5. Among the 
mystics, to change the contemplative soul into a divine 
substance, by which it is lost or swallowed up in the di- 
vine nature. — 6. In algebra, to change an equation into 
another of a different form, but of equal value. 

TRANS-FORM', v. i. To be changed in form ; to be meta- 
morphosed. Addison. 

TRANS-FOR-Ma'TION, 77. 1. The act or operation of 
changing the form or external appearance. 2. Metamor- 
phosis ; change of form in insects. 3. Transmutation ; 
the change of one metal into another. 4. The change of 
the soul into a divine substance, as among the mystics. 
5. Transubstantiation. — 6. In theology, a change of heart 
in man, by which his disposition and temper are conform- 
ed to the divine image. — 7. In algebra, the change of an 
equation into one of a different form, but of equal value. 
Cyc. 

TRANS-FORM'ED, (trans-formd') pp. Changed in form or 
external appearance ; metamorphosed ; transmuted. 

TRANS-FORM'ING, ppr. 1. Changing the form or exter- 
nal appearance ; metamorphosing ; transmuting ; renew- 
ing. 2. a. Effecting or able to effect a change of form or 

t TRANS-FREIGHT', (trans-frate') v.i. To pass over the 
sea. 

TRANS-FRE-Ta'TION, 77. [L. trans and fretum.] The 
passing over a strait or narrow sea. [Little used.] Da~ 
'otcs* 

f TRANS-FUND', v. t. [L. transfundo.] To tranfuse. Bar- 
row. 

TRANS-FuSE', v. t. [L. transfusus.] 1. To pour, 
as liquor, out of one vessel into another. 2. To trans- 
fer, as blood, from one animal to another. 3. To 
cause to pass from one to another ; to cause to be instilled 
or imbibed. 

TRANS-FuS'ED, (trans-fuzd') pp. Poured from one vessel 
into another. 

TRANS-FuS'I-BLE, a. That may be transfused, &c. 

TRANS-FuS'ING, ppr. Pouring out of one vessel into an- 
other ; transferring. 

TRANS-Fu'SION, (trans-fu'zhun) n. 1. The act of pour- 
ing, as liquor, out of one vessel into another. 2. The act 
of transferring the blood of one animal into the vascular 
system of another. 

TRANS-GRESS', v. t. [Fr. trahsgresser ; L. transgres- 
S77S.] ]. To pass over or beyond any limit; to surpass. 

— 2. In a moral sense, to overpass any rule prescribed 
as the limit of duty ; to break or violate a law, civil or 
moral. 

TRANS-GRESS', 7). i. To offend by violating a law ; to sin. 
1 Chron. ii. 

TRANS-GRESS'ED, (trans-grest') pp. Overpassed ; vio- 
lated. 

TRANS-GRESS'TNG, ppr. Passing beyond ; surpassing ; 
violating ; sinning. 

TRANS-GRES'SION, n. [Fr.] L The act of passing over 
or beyond any law or rule of moral duty ; the violation of 
a law or known principle of rectitude ; breach of com- 
mand. 2. Fault ; offense ; crime. 

TRANS-GRES'SION- AL, a. That violates a law or rule of 
duty. 

TRANS-GRESS'IVE, a. Faulty ; culpable ; apt to trans- 
gress. Brown. 

TRANS-GRESS'OR, n. One who breaks a law or violates 
a command ; one who violates any known rule or princi- 
ple of rectitude ; a sinner. 

t TRAN-SHaPE', V. t. [L. trans, and shape.] To transform. 
Shak. 

TRAN-SHIP', V. t. [L. trans, and ship.] To convey from one 
ship to another ; a commercial word. 

TRAN-SHIP'MENT, n. The act of transferring, as goods, 
from one ship to another. 

TRAN-SHIP'FED, (tran-shipt') pp. Carried from one ship 
to another. 

TRAN-SHIP PING, ppr. Carrying from one ship to an- 
other. 

TRAN'SIENT, (tran'shent) a. [L. transiens.] ]. Passing; 
not stationary ; hence, of short duration ; not permanent ; 
not lasting or durable. 2. Hasty ; momentary ; imper- 
fect. 

TRAN'SIENT-LY, (tran-shent'ly) adv. In passage ; for a 
short time ; not with continuance. Dryden. 


* See Synopsis. A, K, l, O, U, Y, Z(7?7^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— | Obsolete. 


TRA 


TRA 


851 


TRAN'SIENT-NESS, n. Shortness of continuance 3 speedy 
passage. 

TRAN-SIL'I-ENCE, ) n. [L. transilmisA A leap from 

TRAN-SIL'I-EN-CY, j thing to thing. [L. «.] Glan- 
ville. 

TRANSMIT, n. [L. transitusJ] 1. A passing ; a passing 
over or through; conveyance. — 2. In astronouuf pass- 
ing of one heavenly body over the disk of another and 
larger. 3. The passage of one heavenly body over the 
meridian of another. 

TRANS'lT, V. t. To pass over the disk of a heavenly 
body. 

TRANS'IT-Du-TY, n, A duty paid on goods that pass 
through a country. 

TRAN-Si''TION, (tran-sizh'un) 71 . [L. transitio.] 1. Pas- 
sage from one place or state to another ; change. — 2. In 
7'ketoric, a passing from one subject to another. — 3. In 
music, a change of key from major to minor, or the con- 
trary. — Transition rocks, in geology, rocks supposed to 
have been formed when the world was passing from an 
uninhabitable to a habitable state. 

TRAN-Si"TION-AL, (tran-sizh'un-al) a. Pertaining to 
transition. Christian Spectator. 

TRANS'I-TlVE, a. 1. Having the power of passing. — 2. In 
grammar, a transitive verb is one which is or may be fol- 
lowed by an object. 

TRANS'I-TO-RI-LY, adv. With short continuance. 

TRANS'I-TO-RI-NESS, 71 . A passing with short continu- 
ance ; speedy departure or evanescence. 

TRANS'l-TO-RY, a. [L. transitorius .'I 1. Passing with- 

out continuance ; continuing a short time ; fleeting ; speed- 
ily vanishing. — 2. In law, a transitory action is one which 
may be hreught in any county, as actions for debt, deti- 
nue, slander, and the like. 

TRANS-La'TA-BLE, a. [from translate.'] Capable of being 
translated or rendered into another language. 

TRANS-LaTE', r;. t. [Ij. translatus.] 1. To bear, carry or 
remove from one place to another. 2. To remove or convey 
to heaven , as a human being, without death. 3. To transfer ; 
to convey from one to another. 2 Sam. in. 4. To cause to re- 
move from one part of the body to another. 5. To change. 

6. To interpret ; to render into another language ; to ex- 
press the sense of one language in the words of another. 

7. To explain. 

TRANS-LaT'ED, pp. Conveyed from one place to anoth- 
er ; removed to heaven without dying ; rendered into an- 
other language. 

TRANS-LaT'ING, ppr. Conveying or removing from 
one place to another ; interpreting in another language. 

TllAiSS-LA'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. translatio.] 1. The act of 
removing or conveying from one place to another ; re- 
moval. 2. The removal of a bishop from one see to an- 
other. 3. The removal of a person to heaven without 
subjecting him to death. 4. The act of turning into an- 
other language ; interpretation. 5. That which is produ- 
ced by turning into another language ; a version. 

TR ANri-LA'TIVE, a. Taken from others. 

TRANS-La'TOR, n. One who renders into another lan- 
guage ; one who expresses the sense of words in one lan- 
guage by equivalent words in another. 

* TRANS'LA-TO-RY, a. Transferring ; serving to trans- 
late. 

TRANS-LA'TRESS, 71 . A female translator. 

TRANS-LO-Ca'TION, 71. [L. trans and locatio, loco.] Re- 
moval of things reciprocally to each other’s places ; or 
rather substitution of one thing for another. 

TRANS-LU'CEN-CY, n. [L. translucens.] 1. The proper- 
ly of admitting rays of light to pass through, but not so 
as to render objects distinguishable. 2. Transparency. 

TRANS-LU'CENT, a. 1. In 7nine7'alogy, transmitting rays 
of light, but not so as to render objects distinctly visible. 
2. Transparent ; clear. 

TRANS-LU'CID, G. [L. translucidus.] Transparent ; clear. 

TRANS-MA-R'iNE', a. [L. trans marmus.] Lying or being 
beyond the sea. Howell. 

I TRANS-MEW', v. t. [Fr. transmuer ,* L. transmuto.] To 
transmute ; to transform ; to metamorphose. 

TRANS'MI-GRANT, a. Migrating; passing into another 
country or state for residence, or into another form or 
body. 

TRANS'MI-GRANT, r?. 1. One who migrates, or leaves his 
own country and passes into another for settlement. 2. 
One who passes into another state or body. 

TRANS'?/II-GRATE, v. i. [L. transmigro.] 1. To migrate ; 
to pass from one country or jurisdiction to another for the 
purpose of residing in it, as men or families. 2. To pass 
from one body into another. 

TRANS'MI-GRA-TING, ppr. Passing from one country, 
state or body into another. 

TRANS-MI-GRa'TION, n. 1. The passing of men from 
one country to another for the purpose of residence, par- 
ticularly of a whole people. 2. The passing of a thing 
into another state, as of one substance into another. 3. 


The passing of the soul into another body, according to 
the opinion of Pythagoras. 

TRANS'MI-GRA-TOR, n. One who transmigrates. Ellis. 

TRANS-Ml'GRA-TO-RY, a. Passing from one place, body 
or state to another. Faber. 

TRANS-MIS-SI-BIL'I-T Y, 71. [from tra 7 is 7 nissible.] The 
cpiality of being transmissible. 

TRANS-MIS'SI-BLE, a. 1. That maybe transmitted or 
passed from one to another. 2. That may be transmitted 
through a transparent body. 

TRANiS-MIS'SION, 71. [Fr. ; L. 1. The act 

of sending from one place or person to another. 2. The 
passing of a substance through any body, asof light through 
glass. ® 


TRANS-MIS'SIVE, a. Transmitted ; derived from one to 
another. Prior. 

TRANS-MIT', V. t. [L. transmitto.] 1. To send from one 
person or place to another. 2. To suffer to pass through. 

TRANS-MIT'TAL, 71. Transmission. Swift. 

TRANS-MIT'TED, pp. Sent from one person or place to 
another ; caused or suffered to pass through. 

TRANS-MIT'TER, n. One who transmits. 

TRANS-MIT'TI-BLE, a. That may be transmitted. 

TRANS-MIT'TING , ppr. Sending from one person or place 
to another; suflering to pass through. 

TRANS-MU-TA-BlL'l-TY, n. Susceptibility of change into 
another nature or substance. 

TRANS-Mu'TA-BLE, a. Capable of being changed into a 
different substance, or into something of a different form 
or nature. 


TRANS-Mtj'TA-BLY, adv. With capacity of being changed 
into another substance or nature. 


TRANS-]MU-Ta'TION, 71. [L. transnmtatio.] 1. The 
change of any thing into another substance, or info some- 
thing of a different nature. — 2. In chemistry, the transmu- 
tation of one substance into another is very easy and com- 
mon, as of water into gas or vapor, and of gases into wa- 
ter. — 3. In geo7nctry,i\\e change or reduction of one figure 
or body into another of the same area or solidity, but of a 
different form, as of a triangle into a square. 4. The 
change of colors, as in the case of a decoction of the ne- 
phritic wood. — 5. In the vegetable econo7ny, the change of 
a plant into another form. 

TRANS-MuTE', v. t. [L. trans7n7Lto.] To change from one 
nature or substance into another. 

TRANS-MuT'ED, pp. Changed into another substance or 
nature. 

TRANS-MuT'ER, ?j. One that transmutes. 

TR ANS-MuT'ING, ppr. Changing or transforming into an- 
other nature or substance. 

TRAN4S6M, n. [L. transen7ia.] 1. A beam or timber ex- 
tended across the stern-post of a ship, to strengthen the 
aft-part and give it due form. — 2. In architectnre,\he piece 
that is framed across a double light window ; or a lintel 
over a door ; the vane of a cross-staff. 

TRANS'PA-DANE, a. [L. towns and Padus, the river Po.] 
Being beyond the river Po. Stephens. 

TRANS-PA R'EN-CA^, (trans-pair'en-sy) n. That state or 
property of a body by which it suffers rays of light to pass 
through it, so that objects can be distinctly seen through 
if ; diaphaneity. 

TRANS-PAR'ENT, (trans-pair'ent) a. [Fr. ; L. tro7is and 
pareo.] 1. Having the property of transmitting rays of 
light so that bodies can be distinctly seen through ; pervi- 
ous to light ; diaphanous ; pellucid. 2. Admitting the 
passage of light ; open ; porous. 

TRANS-PAR'ENT-LY, (trans-pair'ent-ly) adv. Clearly ; so 
as to be seen through. 

TRANS-PAR'ENT-NESS, (trans-pair'ent-nes) n. The 
quality of being transparent ; transparency. 

f TRANS-PASS', V. t. [L. trans, and pa5*\] To pass over. 

t TRANS-PASS', V. i. To pass by or away. Da7iiel. 

TRAN-SPIC'U-OUS, a. [L. and s’pecio.] Transparent; 
pervious to the sijiht. Milto7i. 

I TRANS-PIERCE'^, (Irans-pers') v. t. [Sec * Pierce. Fr. 
traoispercer.] To pierce through ; to penetrate ; to perme- 
ate ; to pass through. 

TRANS-PIER'CED, (trans-perst') pp. Pierced through ; 
penetrated. 

TRANS-PIER'CING, (trans-pers'ing) ppr. Penetrating ; 
passing through. 

TRANS-Pl'RA-BLE, a. [Fr. ; from transpire.] Capable of 
being emitted through pores. 

TRANS-PI-RA'TION, n. [Fr.] The act or process of 
passing off through the pores of the skin ; cutaneous ex- 
halation. 

TRANS-ITRE', v. t. [Fr. transpirer ; L. transpire.] To 
emit through the pores of the skin ; to send off in vapor. 

TRANS-PiRE', V. i. 1. To be emitted through the pores of 
the skin ; to exhale ; to pass off in insensible perspiration. 
2. To escape from secrecy ; to become public. 3. To 
happen or come to pass. 

TRANS-PiR'ING, ppr. Exhaling ; passing off in insensible 
perspiration ; becoming public. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;-BULL, iJNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


TRA 


852 TRA 


TRANS-PLaCE', V. t. [L. trans, and place.] To remove j 
to put in a new place. [Little used.] tVilkins. 

TRANS-PLANT', v. t. [Fr. transplanter.] 1. To remove 
and plant in anotlier place. 2. To remove and settle or 
establisJi for residence in another place. 3. To remove. 

TRANS-PLAN-Ta'TION, 11 . 1. The act of transplanting ; 
the removal of a plant'orof a settled inhabitant to a difler- 
ent place for growth or residence. 2. Removal ; convey- 
ance from one to another. 

TR ANS-PLANT'ED, pp. Removed and planted or settled 
in another place. 

TRANS PLANT'ER, n. 1. One who transplants. 2. A 
machine for transplanting trees. 

TRANS-PLANT'ING, ppr. Removing and planting or set- 
tling in another place. 

TRAN-SPLEND'EN-CY, n. [L. trans and splendens.] Su- 
IKireniinent splendor. More. 

TKAN-SPLEND'ENT, a. Resplendent in the highest de- 
gree 

I’R AN-SPLEND'ENT-LY, adv. With eminent splendor. 

TRANS-PoRT', V. t. [L. transporto.] 1. To carry or con- 
vey from one place to another. 2. To carry into banish- 
ment, as a criminal. 3. To hurry or carry away by vio- 
lenc.e of passion. 4. To ravish with pleasure ; to bear 
away the soul in ecstasy. 5. To remove from one i)lace 
to another, as a ship. 

TRANS'PoRT, w. 1. Transportation ; carriage ; convey- 
ance. 2. A ship or vessel employed for transporting. 3. 
Rai)ture ; ecstasy. 4. A convict transported or sentenced 
to exile. 

TRANS-PoRT'A-BLE, a. That may be transported. 

tTRANS-PoRT'ANCE, ?t. Conveyance. Shak. 

TRANS-POR-Ta'TION, 71. 1. The act of carrying or con- 
veying from one place to another, eitlier on beasts or in 
vehicles, by land or water, or in air. 2. Banishment 
for felony. 3. Transmission ; conveyance. 4. Trans- 
port ; ecstasy ; [L li.] 5. Removal from one country to 
another. 

TRANS-PoRT'ED, pp. Carried j conveyed ; removed 5 rav- 
ished with delight. 

TRANS-PoRT'ED-LY, adv^ In a state of rapture. 

TRANS-PoIlT'ED-NESS, n. A state of rapture. Bp. Hall. 

TRANS-PoRl''ER, n. One who transports or removes. 

TRANS-PcRT'ING, ppr. 1. Conveying or carrying from 
one place to another ; removing ; banishing for a crime. 
2. a. Ravishing with delight j bearing away the soul in 

TRAks-PCRT'MENT, 71. Transportation. [Little used.] 
Hall. 

TRANS-Po'SAL, n. The act of changing the places of 
things, and putting each in the place which was before 
occupied by the other. 

TRANS-PoSE', V. t. [Fr. transposer.] 1. To change the 
place or order of things by putting each in the place of the 
other. 2. To put out of place. In algebra.^ to bring 
any term of an equation over to the other side. — 4. In 
grammar, to change the natural order of words. — 5. In 
music, to change the key. 

TRANS-PoS'EE, (trans-pozd') pp. Being changed in place, 
and one put in the place of tlie other. 

TRANS-PoS'ING, ppr. 1. Changing the place of things, and 
putting each in the place of the other. 2. Bringing any 
term of an equation over to the other side. 3. Changing 
the natural order of words. 

TRANS-PO-{?I"TION, n. [Fr. ; L. transpositio.] 1. A 
changing of the places of things, and putting each in the 
place before occupied by the other. 2. The state of being 
reciprocally changed in place. — 3. In algebra, the bring- 
ing of any term of an equation to the other side. — 4. In 
grammar, a change of the natural order of words in a sen- 
tence. — .5. In music, a change in the composition, either 
in the transcript or the performance, by which the whole 
is removed into another key. Busby. 

TRANS-PO-Si"TION-AL, a. Pertaining to transposition. 
Pegae. 

TRANS-POS'I-TIVE, a. Made by transposing ; consisting 
in transposition. 

TRAN-SUB-STAN'TIATE, v. t. [Fr. transubstantier.] To 
change to another substance. 

TRAN-SUB-STAN-TI-a'TION, 77. Change of substance.— 
In the Romish theology, the supposed conversion of the 
bread and wine in the eucharist into the body and blood 
of CJirist. 

TRAN-SUB-STAN-TI-a'TOR, 71. One who maintains the 
popish dt)etrine of transubstantiatiuii. Barroio. 

TR AN-SU-I)a'TION, n. The act or process of passing off 
througli the pores of a substance. 

TU AN-H=U'DA-TO-RY, a. Passing by transudation. 

TKAN-rfuDE', V. i. [Tj. trans and sudo.] I'o pass through 
the })ores or interstices of texture, as perspirable matter. 

TR AN-SOD'ING, pyr. Passinj; through the pores of a sub- 
stance, as sweat or other fluid. 

TR \N-SOMr.', V. t. [li. transumo ] To take from one to 
anutlier. [Little tcsed ] 


f TRAN-SUMPT', n. A copy or exemplification of a rec- 
ord. 

TRAN-SUMP'TION, n. The act of taking from one place 
to another. [Little used.] South. 

TRANS-VEC'TION, n. [h. transvectio.] The act of con- 
veying or carrying over. 

TR ANS-VERS'AL, a. [Fr.; L. trans and versus.] Running 
or lying acrass ; as, a transversal line. Hale. 

TRANS-VERS'AL-LY, adv. In a direction crosswise, 

TRANS-VERSE', (trans-vers') a. [L. transcerstis.] 1 T y- 
ing or being across or in a cross direction. — 2. In botamjy 
a transverse partition, in a pericarp, is at right angles with 
the valves, as in a silique. 

TRANS'VERSE, n. The longer axis of an ellipse. 

TRANS-VERSE', (trans-vers') v. t. To overturn. [L. u.] 

TRANS-VERSE'LY, adv. In a cross direction. Stillings 
fleet. 

TRAN'TERS, n. plu. Men who carry fish from the sea- 
coast to sell in the inland countries. Bailey. 

TRAP, 71. [Sax. trapp, trepp ; Fr. trape j It. trapola.] 1. 
An engine that shuts suddenly or with a spring, used for 
taking game. 2. An engine for catching men. 3. An 
ambush ; a stratagem ; any device by which men or other 
animals may be caught unawares. 4. A play in which a 
ball is driven with a stick. 

TRAP, n. [Sw^ trappa ; Dan, trappe.] In mineralogy, a 
name given to rocks characterized by a columnar form, 
or whose strata or beds have the form of steps or a series 
of stairs. 

TRAP, V. t. 1. To catch in a trap; as, to trap foxes or 
beaver. 2. To in snare ; to take by stratagem. 3. To 
adorn ; to dress with ornaments ; [the verb is little used.] 

TRAP, V. i. To set traps for game. 

TRA-PAN', V. t. [Sax. trepp an.] To insnare ; to catch by 
stratagem. South. 

TRA-PAN', n. A snare ; a stratagem. 

TRA-PAN'NER, ti. One W’ho insnares. 

TRA-PAN'NING, ppr. Insnaring. 

TRAP'-DoOR, 7J. [trap and door. j A door in a floor, wliich 
shuts close like a valve. Ray. 

TRAPE, V. i. To traipse; to walk carelessly and sluttishly. 
[A*i>t much used.] 

TRaPE^. 71. A slattern ; an idle, sluttish woman. 

TRA-Pe'ZI-AN, a. In crystalography, having the lateral 
planes composed of trapeziums situated in two ranges, 
betw’e^n two bases. 

TRA-Pe'ZI-FORM, a. Having the form of a trapezium. 

TRA-PE-ZI-IIe'DRON, 71. [L. trapezium, and Gr. t6px.] A 
solid bounded by twenty-four equal and similar trapezi- 
ums. _ 

TRA-Pe'ZI-UM, 71.; plu. Trapezia, or Trapeziums. [L.] 

1. In geometry, a plane figure contained under four une- 
qual right lines, none of them parallel. — 2. In anatomy, a 
bone of the carpus. 

TRAP-E-ZOID', 71. [L. trapezium, and Gr. a^oq.] An ir- 
regular solid figure having four sides, no two of which 
are parallel to each other ; also, a plane, four-sided fig- 
ure having two of the opposite sides parallel to each 
other. 

TRAP-E-ZOID'AL, a. 1. Having the form of a trapezoid. 

2. Having the surface composed of tw’enty-four trapezi- 
ums, all equal and similar. 

TRAP'PINGS, 71. pZw. [from trap.] 1. Ornaments of horse 
furniture. 2. Ornaments; dress; external and superfi- 
cial decorations. 

TRAP'POUS, a. Pertaining to trap; resembling trap, or 
partaking of its form or qualities. Kirwan. 

TRAP-STIGK, 77. A stick with which boys drive a wood- 
en ball ; hence, a slender leg. Addison. 

TRAP'-TIJFF, 77. Masses of basalt, amygdaloid, hornblend, 
sandstones, &c., cemented. Ure. 

TRASH, 77 . 1. Any waste or worthless matter. 2. Lop- 
pings of trees ; bruised canes, &c. 3. Fruit or other mat- 
ter improper for food, but eaten by children, «fcc. 4. A 
w'orthless person ; [77ot proper.] 5. A piece of leather 
or other thing fastened to a dog’s neck to retard his 
speed. 

TRASH, V. t. 1. To lop ; to crop. Warburton. 2. To strip 
of leaves. 3. To crush ; to humble. 4. To clog; to en- 
cumber ; to hinder. 

TRASH, V. i. To follow with violence and trampling. 

TRASH'Y, a. Waste; rejected; worthless; useless. 

TRASS, 77. Pumiceous conglomerate, a volcanic production ; 
a gray or yellowish porous substance. 

TRAU'LISM, 77. A stammering. 

TRAU-MAT'I€, a. [Gr. rpavpa,] 1. Pertaining to or ap- 
plied to wounds. Coze. 2. Vulnerary ; adapted to the 
cure of wounds. 

TRAU-MAT'1€, n. A medicine useful in the cure of 
wounds. 

TRAV'AIL, (trav'el) v. i. [Fr. travailler.] 1. To labor 
with pain ; to toil. 2. To suffer the pangs of childbirth j 
to be in labor. Gen. xxxv. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PR£Y ; — FIN, MARINE, BIRD; — | Obsolete 


TRE 


853 


TRE 


f- TRAV'AIL, V, t. To harass ; to tire. Hayward, 
TRAV'AIL, w. 1. Labor with pain ; severe toil j [065.] 2. 
Labor in childbirth ; as, a severe travail. 

TRA V'AIL-ING, ppr. Laboring with toil ; laboring in 
childbirth. Is. xlii. 

TRAVE, or TRAV'IS, n. [Sp. traba; Fr. entraves.] 1. A 
wooden frame to confine a horse wliile the smith is set- 
ting his shoes. 2. Beam ; a lay of joists; a traverse. 

TRAV^'EL, V. L [a different orthography and application of 
travail.] 1. To walk ; to go or march on foot. 2. To 
journey ; to ride to a distant place in the same country. 

3. To go to a distant country, or to visit foreign states or 
kingdoms, either by sea or land. 4. To pass ; to go ; to 
move. 5. To labor ; Travail.] 6. To move, walk 
or pass, as a beast, a horse, ox or came!. 

TRAV'EL, v.t. 1. To pass ; to journey over. 2. To force 
to journey; [06s.] 

TRAV'EL, 71. 1. A passing on foot ; a walking. 2. Jour- 
ney ; a passing or riding from place to place. — 3. Travel^ 
or travels, a journeying to a distant country or countries. 

4. The distance which a man rides in the performance of 
his official duties ; or the fee paid for passing that dis- 
tance. U. States. — r>. Travels, in the plural, an account 
of occurrences and observations made during a journey. 
6. Labor; toil ; labor in childbirth ; see Travail. 

TRAV'ELED, pp. 1. Gained or made by travel ; [unusual.] 
Quart. Rev. 2. a. Having made journeys. Wutton. 

TRAV'EL-ER, n. 1. One who travels in any way. Job 
xxxi. 2. One who visits foreign countries. — 3. In ships, 
an iron thimble or thimbles with a rope spliced round 
them, forming a kind of tail or a species of grommet. 

TRxW^'EL-ING, ppr. 1. Walking; going; making a jour- 
ney. Matt. XXV. 2. a. Incurred by travel. 3. Paid for 
travel . 

f TRA V'EL-TaINT-ED, a. [travel and tainted.] Harassed ; 
fatigued with travel. Shak. 

fTRAV'ERS, adv. [Fr. See Traverse.] Across; athwart. 
Shak. 

TRAV'ERS-A-BLE, a. [Sec Traverse, in Zaie.] That may 
be traversed or denied. 

*TRAV'ERSE, adv. [Fr. a travers.] Athwart; cross- 
wise. 

TRAV'ERSE, prep. Through crosswise. [Little used.] 

TRAV'ERSE, a. [Fr. traverse ; L. transversus.] Lying 
a.eross-; being in a direction across something else. 

TRAV'ERSE, n. 1. Any thing laid or built across. 2. 
Something that thwarts, crosses or obstructs ; a cross ac- 
cident. — 3. In fortification , a trencli with a little parapet 
for protecting men on the flank ; also, a wall raised across 
a work. — 4. in navigation, traeerse-sailing is the mode of 
computing the place of a ship by reducing several short 
courses, made by sudden shifts or turns, to one longer 
course.— 5. In laic, a denial of what the opposite party 
has advanced in any stage of the pleadings. 6. A turn- 
ing ; a trick. 

TRAV'ERSE, v. t. 1. To cross ; to lay in a cross direction. 

2. To cross by way of opposition ; to thwart ; to obstruct. 

3. To wander over ; to cross in traveling. 4. To pass 
over and view ; to survey carefully. 5. To turn and 
point in any direction. 6. To plane in a direction across 
the grain of the wood. — 7. In law pleadings, to deny what 
the opposite party has alledged. 

TRAV'ERSE, v. i. 1. In fencing, to useffhe posture or mo- 
tions of opposition or counteraction. 2. To turn, as on a 
pivot ; to move round ; to swivel. — 3. In the manege, to 
cut the tread crosswise, as a horse that throws his croup 
to one side and his head to the other. 

TRAV'ERSE-BoARD, n. [traverse and board.] In a ship, 
a small board to be hung in the steerage, and bored full 
of holes upon lines, showing the points of compass up- 
on it. 

TR.‘\ V'ERSE-Ta-BLE, n. In navigation, a table of differ- 
ence of latitude and departure. 

TRA V'ERS-ER, 11 . A term in law, for one who traverses or 
opposes a plea. 

TRAV'ERS-ING, ppr. Grossing; passing over; thwarting; 
turning; denying. 

TRAV'ES-TIED, pp. Disguised by dress ; turned into ridi- 
cule. 

TRAV'ES-TIN, n. [It. travestino.] A kind of white spongy 
stone found in Italy. Ed. Encyc. 

TRAV'ES-TY, a. Having an unusual dress ; disguised by 
dress so as to be ridiculous. 

TRAV'ES-TY, 71. A parody; a burlesque translation of a 
work . 

TRAV'ES-TY, v. t. [Fr. travestir ; It. travestire.] To trans- 
late into such language as to render ridiculous or ludi- 
crous. 

TRAY, 71. [Sw.trag; Sax. trog ; Dan. tmig.] A small 
trough or wooden vessel, used for domestic purposes. 

TRAY'-TRIP, 71. A kind of play. Shak. 

t TReACII'ER, TReACH'ET-OUR, or TReACH'OUR, n. 
[Fr. tricheur.] A traitor. Spenser. 

TREACII'ER-OUS, (trech'er-us) a. Violating allegiance or 


faith pledged ; faithless ; traitorous to the state or sove- 
reign ; perfidious in private life ; betraying a trust. 

TREACH'ER-OUS-LY, (trech er-us ly) adv. By violating 
allegiance or faith pledged ; by betraying a trust ; faith- 
lessly ; perfidiously. 

TREACH'ER-OUS-NESS, (trech'er-us-nes) n. Breach of 
allegiance or of taith ; faithlessness ; perfidiousness. 

TREAGH'ER-Y, (trech'er-y) n. [Fr. triclicrie.] Violation of 
al]^egiance or of faith and confidence. 

TReA'GLE, 77. [Fr.thcriaque ; It. teriaca j Sp. triaca ; L. 
theriaca.] l.-The spume of sugar in sugar refineries. 2. 
A saccharine fluid, consisting of the inspissated juices or 
decoctions of certain vegetables, as the sap of the birch, 
sycamore, &c. 3. A medicinal compound of various in- 

gredients ; see Theriaca. 

TRir.A'CLE-MUST'ARD, n. A plant of the genus thlaspi. 

TReA'GLE-VVA'TER, n. A compound cordial. 

TREAD, (tred) v. i. ; pret. trod i pp. trod, trodden. [Sax 
trccdaii, tredan ; Goth, trudan ; D. treeden.] 1. To set the 
foot. 2. To walk or go. 3. To walk with form or state. 
4. To copulate, as fowls. — To tread or tread on, to tram- 
ple ; to set the foot on in contempt. 

TREAD, (tred) v. t. 1. To step or walk on. 2. To press 
under the feet. 3. To beat or press with the feet. 4. To 
walk in a formal or stately manner. 5. 'I'o crush under 
the foot ; to trample in contempt or hatred, or to subdue. 
P5. xliv. lx. 6. To compress, as a fowl. 

TREAD, (tred) n. 1. A step or stepping ; pressure with the 
foot. 2. Way; track; path; [Z. «.] 3. Compression of 

the male fowl. 4. Manner of stepping. 

TREAD'ER, (tred'er) n. One who treads. Is. xvi. 

TREAD'ING, (tred'ing) ppr. Stepping; pressing with the 
foot; walking on. 

TREAD'LE, or TRED'DLE, n. 1. The part of a loom or 
other machine which is moved by the tread or foot. 2. 
The albuminous cords wliich unite the yelk of the egg to 
the_white. 

t TReAGUE, (treeg) n. [Goth, triggwa ; It. tregua ; Ice. 
ti-ijrd.] A truce. Spenser. 

TReA'SON, (tre'zn) n. [Fr. ti-ahison.] Treason is the 
highest crime of a civil nature of which a man can be 
guilty. In general, it is the offense of attempting to over- 
throw the government of the state to which the offender 
owes allegiance, or of betraying the state into the hands 
of a foreign power. — Treason, in Great Britain, is of two 
kinds, high treason and petit treason. High treason is a 
crime that immediately affects the king or state. — Petit 
treason involves a breach of fidelity, but afiects individ- 
uals. 

TReA'SON-A-BLE, (tre'zn-a-bl) a. Pertaining to treason ; 
consisting of treason ; involving the crime of treason, or 
partaking of its guilt. 

TReA'SON-A-BLE-NESS, 77. State or quality of being 
treasonable. Ash. 

t TReA'SON-OUS, for treasonable. 

TREAS'URE, (trezh'ur) n. [Fr. tresor ; Sp., It. te^ajfro.] 1. 
Wealth accumulated ; particularly, a stock or store of 
money in reserve. 2. A great quantity of any thing col- 
lected for future use. 3. Something very much valued. 
Ps. cxxxv. 4. Great abundance. 

TREAS'GRE, (trezh'ur) v. t. To lioard ; to collect and re- 
posit, either money or other things, for futirre use ; to 
lay up. 

TREAS'URE-CIT-Y, (trezh'ur-sit-y) n. A city for stores 
and magazines. Ex. i. 

TREAS'URED, (trezh urd) pp. Hoarded ; laid up for future 
use. 

TREAS'URE-HOUSE, (tre/.h'ur-house) n. A house or 
building where treasures and stores are kept. Taylor. 

TREAS'UR-ER, (trezh'ur-er) n. One who has the care of a 
treasure or treasury ; an officer who receives the public 
money arisi)ig from taxes and duties or other sources of 
revenue, takes charge of the same, and disburses it ui>ou 
orders drawn by the proper authority. 

TREAS'UR-ER-SIIIP, (trezh'ur-er-siiip) n. The office of 
treasurer. 

TREAS'UR-ESS, (trezli'ur-es) n. iV female who has charge 
of a treasure. Dcring. 

TREAS'URE-TROVE, (trezh'ur-trove) n [treasure, and 
Fr. trouve.] Any money, bullion and the like, found in 
the earth, the owner of which is not known. Eng. Law. 

TREAS'UR-A% (trezh ur-y) n. J. A place or building in 
which stores of wealth are reposited ; particularly, a jilacc 
where the public revenues are deposited and kept. 2. A 
building appropriated for keeping public money. JoA?? viii. 
3. The officer or officers of the treasury department. 4. 
A repository of abundance. Ps. cxxxv. 

treat, V. t. [Fr. trailer ; It. trattare ,• ?p. tratar ; L. trnc- 
to ; Fax. trahtian.] 1. To handle ; to manage ; to use. 2. 
To discourse on. 3. To handle in a particular manner, in 
writing or speaking. 4. TL'o entertain without expense to 
the guest. 5. To negotiate ; to settle ; [oZ>5.] 6. To 

manage in the application of remedies. 

treat, v.i. 1. To discourse; to handle in writing or 


^ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6 VE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; $ as Z ; CH as SH ; TII as in this, f Obsolete. 


854 


TRE 


TRE 


speaking ; to make discussions. 2. To come to terms of 
acxomniodation. 3. To make gratuitous entertainment. 

treat, n. 1. An entertainment given. 2. Something 
giveji for entertainment. — 3. Emphatically, a rich enter- 
tainment. 

I TReAT'A-BLE, a. Moderate ; not violent. Temple. 

I TReAT'A-BLY, adv. Moderately. Hooker. 

TReAT'ED, pp. Handled 3 managed 3 used 3 discoursed 
on 3 entertained. 

TReAT'ER, n. One that treats 3 one that handles or dis- 
cmirses on 3 one that entertains. 

TReAT'ING, ppr. Handling 3 managing 3 using 3 discours- 
ing on 3 entertaining. 

TReATTSE, n. [L. tractatus.] A tract 3 a written compo- 
sition on a particular subject, in which the principles of it 
are^iscussed or explained. 

t TReAT'IS-ER, n. One who writes a treatise. Featlcy. 

TReAT'MENT, 7J. [Fr. traitement.] 1. Management 3 
manipulation 3 manner of mixing or combining, of de- 
composing, and the like. 2. Usage 3 manner of using 3 
good or bad behavior towards. 3. Manner of applying 
remedies to cure 3 mode or course pursued to check and 
destroy. 4. Manner of applying remedies to. 

TReAT^Y, n. [Fr. traite ; it. trattaio.] 1. Negotiation 3- 
act of treating for the adjustment of differences, or for 
forming an agreement. 2. An agreement, league or con- 
tract between two or more nations or sovereigns. 3. En- 
treaty 3 [(>*5^] S/iak. 

TReAT'Y-MaK-ING, a. The treaty-making power is lodged 
in the executive government. 

TREB'LE, (trib'l) a. [Fr. triple', E. triplex.'] 1. Three- 
fold 3 triple. — 2. In music, acute 3 sharp. 3. That plays 
the higliest part or most acute sounds 3 that plays the 
treble. 

*TREB'LE, (trib'l) n. In music, the part of a symphony 
whose sounds are highest or most acute. 

^ TREB'LE, (trib'l) v.t. [F. tripiico ; Fr. tripler.] To make 
thrice as much 3 to make threefold. 

* TREB'LE, (trib I) v. i. To become threefold. 

* TREB'LE-NESS, (trib'l-nes) v. The state of being treble. 

^ TREB'LY, (trib'ly) adv. In a threefold number or 

quantity. 

TRE-BUCK'ET, w. A cucking-stool 3 a tumbrel. 

TREE, n. [Sax. treo, treow ; Dan. tree; Sw. tra.] 1. The 
general name of the largest of tlie vegetable kind, consist- 
ing of a firm woody stem, springing from woody roots, 
and spreading above into branches which terminate in 
leaves. 2. Something resembling a tree, consisting of a 
stem, or stalk, and branches. — 3. In ship-building , pieces 
of timber are called chess-trees, cross-trees, roof-trees, 
tressel-trces, &c. — 4. In Scripture, a cross. Acts x. 5. 
Wood 3 [o66\] Wicliffe. 

TREE'-FR(^G, 71. [f7-ec and/ro^.l A species of frog. 

TREE'-GER-MAN'DER, 71. A plant. 

TREE'-LOUSE, n. An insect of the genus aphis. 

TREE'-MOSS, 77. A species of lichen. Cyc. 

t TREEN, a. Wooden 3 made of wood. Camden. 

t TREEN,_7i. The old plural oi tree. B. Jonson. 

TREE'-NaIL, n. [tree and nail ; commonly pronounced 
trunnel.] A long wooden pin, used in fastening the 
planks of a ship to the timbers. 

TREE'-OF-LlFE, n. An evergreen tree of the germs thuja. 

TREE'-ToAD, 7?. [tree unA toad.] A small species of toad 
in North America, found on trees. 

TRe'FOIL, n. [Fr. trefle L. trifolium.] The common name 
for many plants. Ct/c. 

TREIL'LAgE, (trel'laj) n. [Fr.] In gardening, a sort of 
rail-work, consisting of light posts and rails. 

TREL'LIS, n. [Fr. treillis.] In gardening, a structure or 
frame of cross-barred work, or lattice work, used like the 
treillage for supporting plants. 

TREL'LiSED, c. Having a trellis or trellises. Herbert. 

TREM'BLE, V. i. [Fr. trembler ; L. tremo.] 1. To shake 
involuntarily, as with fear, cold or weakness 3 to quake 3 
to quiver 3 to shiver 5 to shudder. 2. To shake 3 to quiver 3 
to totter. 3. To quaver 3 to shake, as sound. 

TREM'BLE-MENT, n. In French music, a trill or shake. 

TREM'BLER, n. One that trembles. 

TREM'BLING, p/)7*. Shaking, as with fear, cold or weak- 
ness ; quaking 5 shivering. 

TREM'BLING-LY, adv. So as to shake 3 with shivering or 
quaking. Shak. 

TREM'BIjING-POP-LAR, n. The aspen-tree. 

TRE-MEN'DOUS, a. [L. tremendus.] 1. Such as may ex- 
cite fear or terror 3 terrible 3 dreadful. 2. Violent 3 such 
as may astonish by its force and violence. 

TRE-MJEN'DOUS-LY, adv. In a manner to terrify or aston- 
ish 3 with great violence. 

TRE-MEN'DOUS-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
tremendous, terrible or violent. 

TREM'O-LITE, n. A mineral, so called from Tremola, a 
valley in the Alps, where it was discovered. 

TRe'MOR, 7i. [L.] An involuntary trembling 3 a shivering 
or shaking 3 a quivering or vibratory motion. 


TREM'U-LOUS, a. [L. tremulus.] 1. Trembling 3 affected 
with fear or timidity. 2. Shaking 3 shivering 3 quivering. 

TREM'U-LOUS-LY, adv. With quivering or trepidation. 

TREM'U-LOUS-NESS, n. The slate of trembling. 

TREN, n. A fish spear. 

TRENCH, V. t. [Fr. trancher ; It. trinciare.] 1. To cut or 
dig, as a ditch, a channel for water, or a long hollow in 
the earth. 2. To fortify by cutting a ditch and raising a 
rampart or breast-work of earth Hirown out of the ditch. 

3. To furrow 3 to form with deep furrows by ploughing. 

4. To cut a long gash 3 [oZ/5.] 

TRENCH, V. i. To encroach. See Entrench. 

TRENCH, 71. 1. A long, narrow cut in the earth 3 a ditch. 

— 2. In fortification, a deep ditch cut for defense, or to. in- 
terrupt the approach of an enemy. — To open the trenches, 
to begin to dig, or to form the lines of approach. 

TRENCH'ANT, a. [Fr. tranchant.] Cutting 3 sharp. [L. u.] 

TRENCHED, pp. Cut into long hollows or ditches. 

TRENCH'ER, n. [Fr. tranchoir.] 1. A wooden plate. 2. 
The table. 3. Food 3 pleasures of the table. 

TRENCH'ER-FLy, n. [trencher and fly.] One that haunts 
the tables of others 3 a parasite. HEstrange. 

TRENCfPER-FRlEND, 77. [trencher ar^d friend.] One who 
frequents the tables of others 3 a sponger. 

TRENCH 'ER-M AN, 71. [trencher and man.] 1. A feeder 3 
a great eater. Shak. 2. A cook 3 [(7&s.] 

TRENCH'ER-MATE, 77. A table compa)iion 5 a parasite. 

TllENCH'ING, ppr. Cutting into trenches 3 digging. 

TRENCH'-PLOUGH, 77. A kind of jdough for opening land 
to a greater depth than that of common furrows. 

TRENCH -PLOuGH, v. t. [trench and plough.] To plough 
with deep furrows. 

TRENCH'-PIjOUGH-ING, n. The practice or operation of 
ploughijig with deep furrows. Cyc. 

TREND, V. i. To run 3 to stretch 3 to tend 3 to have a par- 
ticular direction. 

TREND, 77. That part of the stock of an anchor from which 
the size is taken. Cyc. 

TREND, V. t. In rural economy, to free wool from its filth. 
[Local.] Cyc. 

TREND'ER, n. One whose business is to free wool from 
its filth. [Local.] Cyc. 

TRENDING, ppr. ]. Running 3 tending. 2. Cleaning 
wool 3 [local.] 

TREND'ING, n. The operation of freeing wool from filth 
of various kinds. Cyc. 

TREN'DLE, n. [Sax. trendel.] Any thing round used in 
turning or rolling 3 a little wheel. 

TREN'TAL, ) 77. [Fr. trente.] An office for the dead in 

TREN'TALS, ^ the Romish service, consisting of thirty 
masses rehearsed for thirty days successively. 

TRE-PAN', 77. [Fr. trepan ; It. trapano.] In surgery, a cir- 
cular saw for perforating tlie skiill. Cyc. 

TRE-PAN', V. t. To i^erforate the skull and take out a piece 3 
a surgical operation for relieving the brain from pressure 
or irritation. Cyc. 

TRE-PAN', a snare, and TRE-PAN', to insnare, are from 
trap, and written trapan, which see. 

TRE-PAN'NED, (tre-pand') pp. Having the skull perforated. 

TRE-PAN'NER, n. One who trepans. 

TRE-PAN'NING, ppr. Perforating the skull with a tre- 
pan. 

TRE-PAN'NING, 77. The operation of making an opening 
in the skull, for relieving the brain from compression or 
irritation. Cyc. 

TREPH'INE, 77. An instrument for trepanning. 

TREPH'INE, V. t. To perforate with a trephine 3 to tre- 
pan. Cyc. 

t 'TREP'ID, a. [L. trepidus.] Trembling 3 quaking. 

'TREP-I-Da'TION, 77. [L. trepidatio.] 1. An involuntary 
trembling 3 a quaking or quivering, particularly from fear 
or terror 3 hence, a state of terror. 2. A trembling of the 
limbs, as in paralytic affections. — 3. In the old astronomy, 
a libration of the eighth spliere, or a motion which the 
Ptolemaic system ascribes to the firmament, to account 
for the changes and motion of the axis of the world. 4. 
Hurry 5 confused haste. 

TRES'PASS, V. i. [Norm, trespasser.] 1. Literally, to pass 
beyond 3 hence, primarily, to pass over the boundary line 
of another’s land 3 to enter unlawfully upon the land of 
another. 2. To commit any offense or to do any act that 
injures or annoys another 3 to violate any rule of rectitude 
to the injury of another. — 3. In a moral sense , to transgress 
voluntarily any divine law or command ; to violate any 
known rule of duty. 4. To intrude 3 to gc tex) far 3 to put 
to inconvenience by demand or importunity. 

TRES'PASS, 77. 1 . In law, violation of another’s rights, 
not amounting to treason, felony, or misprision of either. 
2. Any injury or offense done to another. 3. Any volun- 
tary transgression of the moral law 3 any violation of a 
known rule of duty 3 sin. Col. ii. 

TRES'PASS-ER, n. 1. One who commits a trespass 3 one 
who enters upon another’s land or violates his rights. 2. 
A transgressor of the moral law 3 an offender 3 a sinner. 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, o, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT 5— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3— f Obsolete. 


TRI 




TRES'PASS-ING, ppr. Entering another man’s inclosure : 
injuring or annoying another ; violating a law. 

TRESS, n. [Fr., Dan. tresse / Sw. trcis.] A knot or curl of 
hair; a ringlet. Pope. 

TRESSED, a. 1. Having tresses. 2. Curled ; formed into 
ringlets. Spenser. 

TRESS'URE, (treslFur) n. In heraldry, a kind of border. 

TRES'TLE, (tresdj v. [Fr. trHeau.] 1. The frame of a ta- 
ble. 2. A movable form for supporting any thing. — 3. 
In bridges^ a frame consisting cf two posts with a 
head or cross beam and braces, on which rest the string- 
pieces. 

TRET, n. [probably from E. tritus.^ In commerce^ an al- 
lowance to purchasers, for waste or refuse matter, of four 
per cent, on the weight of commodities. 

TRETH'INGS, n. [W. trith, a tax ; trcthu.] Taxes ; im- 
posts. 

TREV'ET, n. {three-feet^ tripod ; Fr. trepied.] A stool or 
other thing that is supported by three legs. 

TREV, n. [L. trcs ,• Eng. three; Fy. trois.] A three at 
cards ; a card of three spots. Shak. 

TRI, a prefix in words of Greek and Latin origin, signifies 
three, from Gr. rpeis. 

TRFA-BLE, a. [from try.] 1. That may be tried ; that 
may be subjected to trial or test. Boyle. 2. Tliat may 
undergo a judicial examination ; that may properly come 
under the cognizance of a court. 

TRI-A-CONT-A-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. rpiuKovra and i(5j5a.] 
Having thirty sides. — In mineralogy, bounded by thirty 
rhombs. 

TRI'A-CONT-ER, n. [Gr. rpiaKovry^yg.] In ancient Greece, 
n vessel of thirty oars. JUitford. 

TRi'AD, n. [L. trias, from tres.] The union of three ; 
three united. — In music, the common chord or harmony, 
consisting of the third, fifth and eighth. 

TRl'AL, n. [from try.] 1. Any effort or exertion of strength 
for the purpose of ascertaining its effect, or what can be 
done. 2. Examination by a test ; experiment. 3. Ex- 
periment ; act of examining by experience. 4. Experi- 
ence ; suffering that puts strength, patience or faith to the 
test ; afflictions or temptations that exercise and prove the 
graces or virtues of men. — 5. In laic, the examination 
of a cause in controversy between parties, before a proper 
tribunal. 6. Temptation ; test of virtue. 7. State of being 
tided. 

TRi-ALff-TY, 71. [from t/i.ree.] Three united ; state of be- 
ing three. {Little wser?.] Wharton. 

TRI-AN'DER, n. [Gr. rgeig and avyp.] A plant having 
three stamens. 

TRi-AN'DRI-AN, a. Having three stamens. 

TRi'AN-GLE, w. [Fr. ; F. triangulum.] In geometry, a fig- 
ure bounded by three lines, and containing three angles. 
TRT-AN'GLED, a. Having three angles. 

TRT-AX'GU-LAR, a. Having three angles. — In botany, a 
tinangulnr stem has three prominent longitudinal angles. 
TRi-AN'GU-LAR-LY, adv. After the form of a triangle. 
TRi-a'RI-AN, a. [L. triarii.] Occupying the third post. 
TRIBE, 71. [W. trev : Gael, treabh ; L. ti'ibus.] 1. A family, 
race or series of generations, descending from the same 
progenitor and kept distinct, as in the case of the twelve 
tribes of Israel. 2. A division, class or distinct portion of 
people, from whatever cause that distinction may have 
originated. 3. A number of things having certain char- 
acters or resemblances in common. 4. A division ; a 
number considered collectively. 5. A nation of savages ; 
a body of rude people united under one leader or govern- 
ment. 6. A number of persons of any character or pro- 
fession ; in contempt. 

TRIBE, 77. t. To distribute into tribes or classes. {L. 7i.] 
TRIB/LET, or TRIB'OU-LET, n. A goldsmith’s tool for 
making rings. Ainswo7-th. 

TRI-BO]\FE-TER, 7i. [Gr. rpt/5w and perpov.] An instru- 
ment to ascertain the degree of friction. 

TRRBRAEH, v. [Gr. rprtf and j.] In ancient 
dy, a poetic foot of three short syllables, as 7nel1us. 
TRI-BRA€'TE-ATE, a. Having three bracts about the 
flower. 

TRIB-U-La'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. Wibxdo.] Severe affliction ; 
distresses of life; vexations. 

TRI-Bu'NAL, n. {Ij. t7'ib7inal.] 1. P?*(?per7?/, the seat of a 
judge ; the bench on which a judge and his associates sit 
for administering justice. — 2. More generally, a court of 
justice. — 3. [Fr. tribunel.] In France, a gallery or emi- 
nence in a church or other place, in wliich the musical 
performers are placed for a concert. 

TR[B'U-NA-RY, a. Pertaining to tribunes. 

TRIB'UNE, ?j. [Fr. tribmi ; Fi.tribunus; Sp., It. tribuno.] 

1. In ancie7it Rome, an officer or magistrate chosen by the 
people to protect them from the oppression of the patri- 
cians or nobles, and to defend their liberties against any 
attempts that might be made upon them by the senate and 
consuls. — 2. In France, a pulpit or elevated place in the 


chamber of deputies, where a speaker stands to address 
the assembly. 

of a tribune, .dddison. 

I ^^•■^aining to tribunes. 2. Suit- 
1 Klli-U-iM '1 f AL, ^ ing a tribune. 

TRIB'U-TA-RY, a. 1. Paying tribute to another. 2. Sub- 
ject ; subordinate. 3. Paid in tribute. 4. Yieldinf’’ sun* 
plies of any thing. ® 


TRIB U-PA-RY, ?i. One that pays tribute or a stated sum 
tor the purpose of securing peace and protection, or as an 
acknowledgment of submission. 

TRIB'L'IE, 71. [Fr. tidbut ; L. tribTitwn.] 1. An annual or 
stated sum of money or other valuable thing, jiaid by one 
prince or nation to another, either as an acknowledgment 
of submission, or as the price of peace and protection, or 
by virtue of some treaty. 2. A personal contribution. 3. 
Something given or contributed. 

T El-LAP*sU-LAR, a. [L. tres and capsula.] In botmiv, 
three-capsuled ; having three capsules to each flower. 

TRICE, V. t. [W. treisiaio.] In sea7ue7ds language, to haul 
and tie up by means cf a small rope or line.” Mar. Diet. 

TRICE, n. A very short time ; an instant ; a moment. 

TRt-CHOT'O-MOUS, a. Divided into three parts, or divid- 
ed by threes. Marty n. 

TRI-CHOP'O-MY, n. [Gr. rpt^a and repvo).] Division into 
three parts. Watts, 

TRICK, 71. [D. trek; G. trug, beD'vg ; Dan. trekke ; I>. 
tricher.] 1. An artifice or stratagem for the purpose of de- 
ception ; a fraudful contrivance for an evil purpose, or an 
underhand scheme to impose upon the world ; a cheat or 
cheating. 2. A dextrous artifice. 3. Vicious practice. 
4. The sly artifice or legerdemain of a juggler. 5. A col- 
lection of cards laid together. 6. An unexpected event. 
7. A particular habit or manner; as, he has a trick ui 
drumming with his fingers. 

TRICK, V. t. To deceive ; to impose on ; to defraud. 

TRICK, 7\ t. [W. trecia?c.] To dress ; to decorate ; to set 
off; to adorn fantastically. Pope. 

TRICK, i. To live by deception and fraud. Dryden. 

TRICKED, ])p. Cheated; deceived; dressed. 

TRICK'ER, ) ^ 1 . • , , . 

TRICK'STER ( tricks; a deceiver ; a cheat. 

TRICK'ER, n. A trigger. See Trigger. 

TRICK'ER-Y, 71. The art of dressing up ; artifice ; strata- 
gem. Burke. 

TRICK'ING, p;>r. 1. Deceiving ; cheating ; defrauding. 2. 
Dressing ; decorating. 

TRICK'ING, 71. Dress ; ornament. Shak. 

TRICK'ISH, a. Artful in making bargains ; given to decep- 
tion and cheating ; knavish. Pope. 


TRTC'KLE, V. i. [allied, perhaps, toGr. rpc'^o), to run, and a 
diminutive.] To flow in a small, gentle stream ; to run 
down . 

TRICK'LLVG, Flowing down in asniall, gentle stream. 

TRICK'LING, 71. The act of flowing in a small, gentle 
stream. Wiseman. 

t TRICK'MENT, v. Decoration. 

TRICK'SY, a. [from trick.] Pretty ; brisk. [L. ?/.] Shak. 

TRICK'-TRACK, n. A game at tables. 

TRi-CLTNTA-RY, a. [L. tricUniaris.] Pertaining to a couch 
for dining, or to the ancient mode of reclining at table. 

TRI-COC'€H')US, a. [L. tres and cocci/5.] A triccccous or 
three-grained capsule is one which is swelling out in three 
protuberances, internally divided into three cells, with 
one seed in each, as in euphorbia. 

TR[-COR'PO-RAL, a. [L. tricorpor.] Having three bodies. 

TRl-CUS'PI-DATE, a. [L. tres and cuspis.] In bota 7 iy, 
three-pointed ; ending in three points. 


TRi-DAC'TYL-OUS, a. [Gr. rpeis and ^a/creXoj.] Having 
three toes. 

TRIDE, o. Among hunters, short and read}’ ; fleet. 

TRi'DENT,?!. [Fr. ; L. t7'idens.] In 7n7jthology, a kind of 
sceptre or spear with three prongs, which the fables of an- 
tiquity put into the hands of Neptune, the deity of the 

OC03.ll , 

TRPDENT, or TRI'DENT-ED, a. Having three teeth or 
prongs. 

TRi-DENT'ATE, a. [L. tres and dens.] Having three 
teetln Lee. 

TRi-Di-A-Pa'.^ON, n. {tri and diapason.] In music, a trijile 
octave or twenty-second. Biisby. 

TRPDING. Sec Trithing. 


TRT-DO-DE-CA-He'DRAL, a. [Gr. rpag, and dodecahe- 
dral.] In crystalography, presenting three ranges of faces, 
one above another, each containing twelve faces. 
TRID'U-AN, a. [L. tridu7im.] Lasting three days, or hap- 
pening every third day. {Little 7Lsed.] 

TRI-EN'NI-AL, a. [Fr. triennal ; L. triennis, ti-iennium.] 
1. Continuing three years. 2. Happening every three 


years. 

TRI-EN'NI-AL-LY, adv. Once in three years. 

TRPER, 71 . 1. One who tries ; one who makes experiments ; 
one who examines any thing by a test or standard. 2. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete 


TRI 


856 


TRI 


One who tries judicially ; a judge who tries a person or 
cause ; a juryman. 3. A test j that wliich tries or ap- 
proves. Shak. 

TRI'ER-ARCH, n. [Gr. Tpirjprjs and ancient 

Greece, the commander of a trireme. 

TRI-E-TER'1-€AL, fl. [h. trietericus.] Triennial j kept or 
occurring mice in tiiree years. [Little tised.] 

TRi'FAL-LoW, v. t. [L. tres and fallow.] To plough land 
the third time before sowing. Mortimer. 

TRIF'ID, a. [L. trifidas.] In botany, divided into tliree 
parts ; three-cleft. 

TRI-FIS'TU-LA-RY, a. [L. tres andj?5fM^rt.] Having three 
pipes. Brown. 

TRI'FLE, n. [It coincides with trivial, which see.] A thing 
of very little value or importance. Young. 

TRi'FLE, V. i. 1. To act or talk without seriousness, grav- 
ity, weight or dignity ; to act or talk with levity. 2. To 
indulge in light amusements. Law. — To trifle with, to 
mock j to play the fool with. — I'o trifle with, ox to trifle 
away, to spend in vanity ; to waste to no good purpose. 

t 7’RI'FLE, V. t. To make of no importance. 

TRf'FLER, n. One who trities or acts with levity. Bacon. 

TRl'FLING, ppr. 1. Acting or talking with levity, or with- 
out seriousness or being in earnest. 2. a. Being of small 
value or importance ; trivial. 

TRFFLING, n. Employment about things of no import- 
ance. 

TRrFLING-LY, adv. In a trifling manner j with levity; 
without seriousness or dignity. Locke. 

TRi'FLING-NESS, n. 1. Levity of manners ; lightness. 
Entick. 2. Smallness of value ; emptiness; vanity. 

TRIF'LO-ROUS, a. [h. tres and flos, floris.] Three-flow- 
ered ^ bearing three flowers. Martyn. 

TRl-Fo'LI-ATE, a. [L. tres and folium.] Having three 

10RV0S HcL7*t/Q 

TRl-Fo'Ll-O-LATE, a. Having three folioles. 

7^Rl^FO-LY, n. Sweet trefoil. [See Trefoil.] Mason. 

TRI'FORM, a. [L. triformis.] Having a triple form or shape. 
Milton. 

TRIG, v.t. [W. trigaw. See Trigger.] 1. To fill; to 
stufl'; [o6s.] 2. To stop, as a wdieel. Bailey. 

I TRIG, a. Full ; trim ; neat. 

TRIG'A-MY, n. [Gr. rpeig and yapog.] State of being mar- 
ried three times ; or the state of having three husbands or 
three v/ives at the same time. 

TRIG'GER, ?/. [W. trigaw ^ Dnn. trekker, trykker.] 1. A 
catch to hold the wheel of a carriage on a declivity. 2. 
I'he catch of a musket or pistol ; tiie part which, being 
pulled, looses the lock for striking fire. ^ 

TRI-GlN'TALS, n. [L. triginla.] Trentals ; the number of 
thirty masses to be said for the dead. 

TRIG'LYPH, n. [Gr. rpeig and y)<v(pT}.] An ornament in 
the frieze of the Doric column, repeated at equal inter- 
vals. 

TRIG'ON, n. [Gr. rpeig and ywvia.] 1. A triangle ; a term 
used in astrology ; also, trine, an aspect of two planets 
distant 120 degrees from each other. 2. A kind of trian- 
gular lyre or harp. 

*TRIG'0-NAL, ) a. 1. Triangular; having three angles or 

TRIG'O-NOUS, ) corners. — 2. In botany, having three 
prominent longitudinal angles. 

TRIG-0-NO-MET'RI-€AL, a. Pertaining to trigonometry ; 
performed b)^ or according to the rules of trigonometry. 

TRIG-O-NO-MET'RI-GAL-LY, fldo. According to the rules 
or principles of trigonometry. Asiat. Res. 

TRIG-O-NOM'E-TRY, n. [Gr. rjiiiywvoj and /icrpcw.] The 
measuring of triangles ; the science of determining the 
sides and angles of triangles, by means of certain parts 
which are given. 

TRrGYA’’, n. [Gr. rpeig and ywy.] In botany, a plant hav- 
ing three jiistils. 

TRl-GYiM'I-AN, a. Having three pistils. 

TRI-He'DRAL, a. Having three equal sides. 

TRT-He'DRON, 71, [Gr. rpeig and c^pa.] A figure having 
thre^ equal sides. 

TRI-Ju^GOUS, a. [L. tres and jugum.] In botany, having 
three pairs. 

TRI-LAT'ER-AL, a. [Fr., from L. tres, three, and latus, 
side.] Having three sides. 

TRI-LIT^ER-AL, a. [L. tres, three, and litera, letter.] Con- 
sisting of three letters. 

TRT-LIT'ER-AL, n. A word consisting of three letters. 

TRILL, n. [It. trillo ; Dan. trille ; G. triller.] A quaver; 
a shake of the voice in singing, or of the sound of an in- 
strument. 

TRILL, V. t. j^It. trillarc.] To utter with a quavering or 
tremulousness of voice ; to shake. Thomson. 

TRILL, V. i. 1. To flow in a small stream, or in drops rap- 
idly succeeding each other ; to trickle. 2. To shake or 
quaver ; to play in tremulous vibrations of sound. 

TRILLED, pp. Shaken ; uttered with rapid vibrations. 

TRILL'ING, ppr. Uttering with a quavering or shake. 

TRILL'ION, (triPyun) n. [a word formed arbitrarily of 


three, or Gr. rpirog, and million.] The product of a million 
multiplied by a million, and that product multiplied by a 
million ; or the product of the square of a million multipli- 
ed by_a million. 

TRi-Lo'BA'1'E, a. [L. tres and lobus.] Having three lobes. 

TRI-LOC'U-LAR, a. [L. tres and locus.] In botany, three- 
celled ; having three cells for seeds. 

TRI-LU'MI-NAR, \ a. [L. tres and lumen.] Having three 

TRI-Lu'MI-NOUS, \ lights. 

TRIM, a. [Sax. tram, tryman.] Firm ; compact ; tight ; 
snug ; being in good order. 

TRIM, V. t. [Sax. trumian, trymian.] 1. In a general sense, 
to make right, that is, to put in due order for any purpose. 
2. To dress ; to put the body in a proper state, 3. To 
decorate ; to invest or embellish with extra ornaments. 
4. To clip, as the hair of tne head ; also, to shave ; that 
is, to put in due order. 5. To lop, as superfluous branch- 
es ; to prune. 6. To supply with oil ; as, to trim a lamp. 
7. To make neat ; to adjust. — 8. In carpentry, to dress, as 
timber ; to make smooth. 9. To adjust the cargo of a 
ship, or the weight of persons or goods in a boat, so equal- 
ly on each side of the centre and at each end, that she 
shall sit well on the water and sail well. 10. d’o rebuke ; 
to reprove sharply. 11. To arrange in due order for sail- 
ing. — To trim in, in carpentry, to tit, as a piece of timber 
into other work. Moxon . — To trim up, to dress ; to put in 
order. 

TRIM, V. i. To balance ; to fluctuate betw^een parties, so as 
to appear to favor eacli. South. 

TRIM, n. 1. Dress; gear; ornaments. 2. The state of a 
ship or her cargo, ballast, masts, &c., by which she is well 
prepared for sailing. 

TRIM'E-TER, n. A poetical division of verse, consisting 
of three measures. Lowth. 

TRIM'E-TEll, 1 a. [Gr. rpiperpog.] Consisting of three 

TRi-MET'RI-CAL, ^ poetical measures, forming an iam- 
bic of six feet. 

TRIM'LY, adv. Nicely ; neatly ; in good order. Spenser. 

TRIMMED, pp. Put in good order; dressed ; ornamented ; 
clipped ; shaved ; balanced ; rebuked. 

TRIM'MER, n. 1. One that trims; a time-server. 2. A 
piece of timber fitted in. Moxon. 

TRIM'MING, ppr. Putting in due order ; dressing; decor- 
ating ; pruning ; balancing ; fluctuating between parties. 

TRIM'MING, n. Ornamental appendages to a garment, as 
lace, ribbons and the like. 

TRIM'NESS, n. Neatness; snugness; the state of being 
close and in good order. 

TRI'NAL, a. [L. trinus.] Threefold. Milton. 

TRINE, a. Threefold ; as, trine dimension, that is, length, 
breadth and thickness. 

TRINE, n. In astrology, the aspect of planets distant from 
each other 120 degree's, forming the figure of a trigon or 
triangle. 

TRINE, V. t. To put in the aspect of a trine. Dryden. 

TRi-NERV'ATE, a. In botany, having three nerves or un- 
branched vessels meeting behind or beyond the base. 

TRl'NERVE, ) a. In botany, a trinerved or three-nerved 

TRI NERVED, [ leaf has three nerves or unbranched 
vessels meeting in the base of the leaf. 

TRIN'GLE, n. [Fi.] In architecture, a. little square member 
or ornament, as a listel, reglet, platband and the like, but 
particularly a little member fixed exactly ov^er every trig- 
lyph. 

TRIN-1-Ta'RI-AN, a Pertaining to the Trinity, or to the 
doctrine of the Trinity. 

TRIN-I-Ta'RI-AN, n. 1. One who believes the doctrine of 
the Trinity. 2. One of an drder of religious, who made it 
their business to redeem Christians from infidels. 

TRIN'I-TY, 71. [L. trinitas ; tres and units, unit as, one, 
unif)^] In theology, the union of three persons in one 
Godhead, the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. 

TRINK'ET, 7J. 1. A small ornament, as a jewel, a ring and 
the like. 2. A thing of little value ; tackle ; tools. 

TRI-No'MI-AL, fl. [L. and 710777677.] In mathematics, a. 
trinonrial root is a root consisting of three parts. 

TRI-No'MI-AL, 77. A root of three terms or parts. 

TRT'O, 77. A concert of three parts ; three united. 

t TRT-OB'O-LAR, a. [L. triobolaris.] Of the value of three 
oboli ; mean ; worthless. Cheyne. 

TRI-OG-TA-He'DRAL, a. [tri and octahedral.] In crystal- 
oerraphy, presenting three ranges of faces, one above an- 
otlier, each range containing eight faces. 

TRl-OC'TiLE, 77. [L. tres and octo.] In astrology, an as- 
pect of two planets wdth regard to the earth, when they 
are three octants, or eight parts of a circle, that is, 135 de- 
grees, distant from each other. 

TRi'OR, ) 77. In law, a person appointed by the court to ex- 

TRl'ER, < amine whether a challenge to a panel of jurors, 
or to any juror, is just. 

TRIP, V. t. [G. trippeln ; D. trippen ; Sw. trippa ; Dan. trip- 
per.] 1. To supplant ; to cause to fidl by striking the feet 
suddenly from under the person ; usually followed by up. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete 


TRI 


657 TRI 


2 To supplant j to overthrow by depriving of support. 
3 . To catch ; to detect. 4 . To loose an anchor from tl.o 
bottom by its cable or buoy-rope. 

TlliF, V. i. 1 . To stumble •, to strike the foot against some- 
thing so as tQ lose the step and come near to full ; or to 
stumble and fall. 2. U'o err j to fail ; to mistake j to be de- 
ficient. 

TlUP, V. i. [Ar. tariba i G. treppe.^ 1 . To run or step 
lightly ; to walk with a light step. 2 . To take a voyage 
or journey. 

TRIP, n, 1 . A stroke or catch by which a wrestler supplants 
his antagonist. 2 . A stumble by the loss of foot-hold, or a 
striking of the foot against an object. 3 . A failure a 
mistake. 4 . A journey j or a voyage.— 5 . In navi-sation^ 
a single board in plying to windward. — 6. Among'’ farm- 
ers^ a small dock of sheep, or a small stock of them ; [local.'] 

TRfP'AR-TlTE, a. [Fr. j L. trlparUtas ,] 1. Divided into 

three parts. 2 . Having three corresponding parts or 
copies. 

TRl-PAR-TI 'TION, n. A division by three, or the taking 
of a third part of any number or quantity. Cijc. 

TRIPE, 11. [Fr. ; Sp. tr'ipa ; It. trippa ; G. trlpp.] 1. Prop- 
erly., the entrails j but in common usage, the large stom- 
ach of ruminating animals, prepared for food. — 2 . In ludi- 
crous language, the belly. 

* I’lIlP^E-DAL, a. [L. tres andpe^.] Having three feet. 

TRlPE'-MAN, n. A man who sells tripe. Swift. 

TRl-P£j\'NATE, or TRI-PIN'NATE, a. [L. tres and pen- 
iia, or pinna.] In botany, a tripinna^.e leaf is a species of 
superdecompound leaf, when a petiole has bii)innate 
leaves ranged on each side of it, as in common fern. 

TRl-PER'SON-AL, a. [L. tres and persona.] Consisting of 
three persons. Milton. 

TRl-PER-SON-AL'I-T^, n. The state of existing in three 
persons in one Godhead. Miiton. 

TRI-PET'A-LOUS, a. [Gr. rpet? and neraXov.] In botany, 
three-petaled j having three petals or fiower-leaves. 

TRl'PHANE, n. A mineral, spodumene. Ure. 

TRIPH'THONG, (tripdhong) n. [Gr. rpcig and (pSoyyrj.] A 
coalition of three vowels in one compound sound, or in 
one syllable, as in adieu, eye. 

TRIPFI-THO]\'GAL, (trip-thong'gal) a. Pertaining to a 
triphthong ; consisting of a triphthong. 

TRIPIPYL-LOUS, a. [Gr. rptis and </>yXXov.] In botany, 
three-leaved ; having three leaves. 

TRIP'LE, a. [Fr. ; L. triplex, triplus.] 1 . Threefold ; con- 
sisting of three united. Dryden. 2 . Treble 3 three times 
repeated : see Treble. 

TRIP'LE, v.t. To treble 3 to make threefold or thrice as 
much or as many. [Usually written treble.] Lee. 

TRIP'LET, 7^. [from triple.] 1 . Three of a kind, or three 
united. — 2 . In poetry, three verses rhyming together. — 3 . 
In music, three notes sung or played in the time of two. 

TRIP'LI-GATE, a. [L. tripiicatus, triplico.] Made thrice as 
much 3 threefold. 

TRIP-LI-€a'TION, n. 1 . The act of trebling or making 
threefold, or adding three together. Glanville. — 2 . In the 
civil la tv, the same as sur-rejoinder in common laic. 

TRIP-LIC'j-TY, 71 . [Fr. iriplicitc ; from L. trijilex.] Treble- 
ness 5 the state of bemg threefold. Hiatts. 

TRIPTjY-RIBBED, a. In botany, having a pair of large ribs 
branching off from the main one above the base. 

TRIP'-MAD-AM, 71 . A plant. Mortimer. 

'♦'TRPPOD, 71 . [L. tripus, tripodis ; Gr. rptaovj.] A bench, 
stool or seat supported by three legs, on which the priest 
and sibyls in ancient times were placed to render oracles. 

TRIP' 0 -LI, 71. In mineralogy, a mineral originally brought 
from Tripoli, used in polishing stones and metals. 

TRU’^O-LINE, a. Pertaining to Tripoli. 

TRi POS, n. A tripod, which see. 

TRIPPED, pp. [from trip.] Supplanted. 

TRIP'PER, n. One who trips or supplants 3 one that walks 
nimbly. 

TRIP'PING, ppr. 1 . Supplanting 3 stumbling 3 falling 3 step- 
ping nimbly. 2 . a. Quick 3 nimble. 

TRIP'PIiXG, 77. 1 . The act of tri]>ping. 2 . A light dance. 
.Milton. 3 . The loosing of an anchor from the ground by 
its cable or buoy-rope. 

TRIPTING-LY, adv. Nimbly 3 with a light, nimble, quick 
step 3 with agility. Shak. 

TRIP'TOTE, 77, [Gr. rpeis and nrwo-t?.] In grammar, a 
name or noun having three cases only. Clarke. 

TRT-PU'DI-A-RY, a. [L. tripudiuni.] Pertaining to danc- 
ing ; performed by dancing. Brown. 

TRI-Pu'DI-ATE, V. i. [L. tripudio.] To dance. Cockeram. 

TRI-PU-DI-A'TlOxN, n. [L. tripudio.] Act of dancing. 
.Tohnson. 

TRI-PYR'A-MID, n. [L. tres and pyramis.] In mineralogy, 
a genus of spars, the body of which is composed of single 
pyramids, each of three sides, affixed by their base to 
some solid body. 

TRT-QUk'TROUS, a. [L. triquetrus, from triquetra.] 
Three-sided 3 having three plane sides. Encyc. 


TRI-RA/DI-A-TED,a. [L. tres and radius.] Having tbrefi 
rays. 

TRi'REME, 77. [L. triremis.] A galley or vessel with three 
benches or ranks of oars on a side. Mitford^ 
TRl-RHOM-BOID'AL, a. [t?*7 and rliomboidal.] Having the 
form of three rhombs. 

TRl-SAG-RA-MEiN-TA*RI-AN, n. One of a religious sect 
vvho admit of three sacraments and no moie. Cyc. 
TRi-SAGM-ON, n. [Gr. rpus and uyiog.] A hymn in which 
tlm word holy is repeated th-ee times. Bull. 

TRi-SEGT^, 77. t. [L. tres and seco.] To cut or divide into 
three equal parts. Jlllen. 

TRI-SE€T'ED, pp. Divided into three equal parts. 
TRl-ir^EG'PdNG, JW- Hividing into three equal parts. 
TRi-SEO'TlON, 77. [L. tres and sectio.] Tiie division of 
a thing into three parts. 

TRi-SEP'A-LOUS, a. In botany, having three sepals to a 
calyx. 

TRIS'PAST, ) 77. [Gr. rpetj and anaio.] In mechanics, a 
TRIS-PAS'l’ON, j machine with three pulleys for raising 
great weights. Cyc. 

TRi-SPERM'OUS, a. [Gr. rpetj and ffTrep/y a.] Three-seed- 
ed 3 containing three seeds ; as, a trispennous capsule. 
fTRIST', i a. [L. tmtw.] Sad 3 sorrowful 3 gloomy, 
t TRISTFUL, i Shak. 

f TRIS-TP'TI- ATE, v. t. [L. tristitia.] To make sad or sor- 
ro\vful. Feltham. 

■\ TRi-SULC', 77. [L. trisulcus.] Sometliing having three 
points. Brown. 

TRIS-YL-LAB'IG, ) a. [from trisyllable.] Pertaining 
TRIS-YL-LAB'I-GAL, ^ to a trisyllable 3 consisting of 
three syllables. 

* TRIS'YL-LA-BLE, n. [L. tres, three, and syllaba, sylla- 
ble.] A word consisting of three syllables. 

TRITE, a. [L. tritus.] Worn out 3 00101110113 used till so 
common as to have lost its novelty and interest. Sici/t. 
TRITE LY, adc. In a common manner. 

TRiTE'NESS, n. Commonness 3 sialeness 3 a state of being 
worn out. 

TRT-TERN'ATE, a. [L. tres and ternate.] Having three 
biternate leaves, or the divisions of a triple petiole subdi- 
vided into threes. 

* TRI'THE-ISM, n. [Fr. tritheisme ; Gr. rpeig and Qeog.] 
The opinion or doctrine that there are three Gods in the 
Godhead. 

* TRi'THE-IST, 77. One who believes that there are three 
distinct Gods in the Godhead. Encyc. 

TRi-THE-lS'TI€, a. Pertaining to tritheism. 
TRI-THe'ITE, n. A tritheist. 

TRlTIPING, n. [from three.'] One of the divisions of the 
county of York in England, which is divided into three 
parts. It is now called Riding. 
t TR 1 T'I-€AL, a. [from trite.] Trite 3 common. 
tTRIT*I-€AL-NESS, 77. Triteness. Warton. 

TRi'TON, n. 1 . In mythology, a fabled sea demi-god, sup- 
posed to be the trumpeter of Neptune. 2 . A genus of the 
molluscal order of worms. 3 . A bird of the West Indies, 
fiunous for its notes. 

TRi'TONE, 77. [L. and In music, n false con- 

cord, consisting of three tones, two major and one minor 
tone, or of two tones and two semitones 3 a dissonant in- 
terval. 

TRT-TOX'YD, n. [Gr. rpirog, and oxyd.] In chemistry, a 
substance oxydized in the third degree. 

TRIT'U-RA-BLE, a. Capable of being reduced to a fine 
powder by pounding, rubbing or grinding. 
TRIT'U-RATE, V. t. [L. trituro.] To rub or grind to a 
very fine powder, and properly to a finer powder than 
that made by pulverization. 

TRITTJ-R A-TED, pp. Reduced to a very fine powder. 
TRIT'U-RA-TING, ppr. Grinding or reducing to a very 
fine powder. 

TFIT-U-Ra'TION, 77. The act of reducing to a fine pow- 
der by grinding. 

t TRIT'URE, 77. A rubbing or grinding. Cheync. 
TRI-Tu'RI-UM, 77. A vessel for separating liquors of dif- 
ferent densities. 

TRPUMPH, 77. [Fr. triomphe ; It. triovfo ; Sp. triunfo ; L. 
triumphus.] 1 . Among the ancient Romans, a pompous 
ceremony performed in honor of a victorious general. 
2 . State of being victorious. 3 . Victory 3 conquest. 4 . 
Joy or exultation for success. 5 A card that takes all 
others ; now written trump, which see. 

TRPUiMPH, 77. 7. 1 . To celebrate victory with pomp 3 to re- 
joice for victorv. 2 . To obtain victory. 3 . To insult upon 
an advantage gained. 4 . To be prosperous 3 to flourish.— 
To triumph over, to succeed in overcoming 3 to surmount. 
TRI-UMPH'AL, a. [Fr.3 L. triumphalis.] Pertaining to 
triumph 3 used in a triumph. Swift. 

TRT-UMPH'AL, n. A token of victory. Milton. 
TRI-UMPH'ANT, a. [L. triumphans.] 1 . Celebrating vic- 
tory. 2 . Rejoicing as for victory. 3 . Victorious ; graced 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DoVE 5— BULL, UNITE.— C as K 5 0 as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete, 


TRO 858 TRO 


with conquest. 4. Celebrating victory ; expressing joy 
for success. 

TKI-UMPH'ANT-LY, adv. 1. In a triumphant manner j 
with tlie joy and exultation that proceeds from victory 
or success. 2. Victoriously j with success. 3. With in- 
solent exultation. 

Tlll'UAlPH-ER, n. 1. One who triumphs or rejoices for 
victory ; one who vanqiiislies. 2. One who was honored 
with a triumph in Rome. 

TRl'UMPll-IJ\G, ppr. Celeb»-ating victory with pomp ; van- 
quishing ; rejoicing for victory ; insulting on an ad- 
vantage. 

TRl-UM'VIR, n. [L. tres and vir.] One of three men uni- 
ted in odice. 

TRl-UM'Vl-RATE, ?t. 1. A coalition of three men ipartic- 
ulariy^ the union of three men who obtained the govern- 
ment of the Roman empire. 2. Government by three 
men in coalition. 

♦ TRPUNE, a. [L. and unus.] Three in one 3 an epi- 
thet applied to God, to express the unity of the Godhead 
in a trinity of persons, 
t TRI-U Nl-TY, n. Trinity. 

'.rRIV'ANT, n, A truant. Burton. 

M'Ri-VALV'U-LAR, a. Three-valved ; having three valves. 
TRi-VERB'I-AL, a. [L. triverbinm.'] Triverbial days, in 
the Roman calendar, were juridical or court days, days 
allowed to the pretor for hearing causes 3 called also dies 
fasti. 

TRIV'ET, n. A three-legged stool. Sec Trevet. 
TRIVT-AL, a. [Fr .3 L. trivially.] 1. Trifling; of little 
worth or importance ; inconsiderable. Pope. 2. Worth- 
less ; vulgar. — Trivial name, in natural history, the com- 
mon name for the species, which, added to the geim-ic 
name, forms the complete denomination of the species ; 
the specific name. 

TRlV-i-ALT-TY, n. Trivialness. [JVbi much used.'] 
TRIV'I-AL-LY, adv. 1. Commonly ; vulgarly. 2. Light- 
ly ; inconsiderably ; in a trifling degree. 
TRIVT-AL-NESS, n. 1. Commonness. 2. Lightness ; un- 
importance. 

TRoAT, V. i. To cry, as a buck in rutting time. Diet. 
TRoAT, n. The cry of a buck in rutting time. 

TRo'CAR, n. [Fr. un trois quart.] A surgical instrument 
for tapping dropsical persons and the like. 

TRO-€Ha'IC, I a. [See Trochee.] In poetry, consist- 
TRO-CHa'I-CAL, i ing of trochees. 

TIIO-CHAN'TER, n. [Gr. rpox^^vTTjp.] In anatomy, the 
trochanters are two processes of the thigh-bone, called 
major and minor, the major on the outside, and the minor 
on the inside. 

TRo'CIIE, n. [Gr. rpo;;^o?.] A form of medicine in a cake 
or tablet, or a stiff paste cut into proper portions and 
dried. 

TRo'CHEE, n. [L. trochceus ; Gr. rpo^arn?.] In verse, a 
foot of two syllables, the first long and the second short. 
TRO-€IIIL'I€, a. flaving power to draw out or turn 
round. 

TRO-CHILTCS, n. [Gr. rpo;^(Xttt ; L. ti'ochilus.] The sci- 
ence of rotary motion. 

TRo'CHI-LUS, ) n. [L. trochilus ; Gr. rpo;!^£Xo?.] 1 . An 
TRo'CHIL, ^ aquatic bird, a swift runner, with long 
legs, which is said to get its meat out of the crocodile’s 
mouth. 2. A name given to the golden-crowned wren. 
— 3. In zoology, the humming bird o^r honey-sucker, a 
kind of beautiful little birds, natives of America. — 4. In 
architecture, a hollow ring round a column ; called also 
scotia, and by workmen, the casement. 

TRo'CHINGS, n. The small branches on the top of a deer’s 
head. Cyc. 

TRo'GEIISCH, (tro'kish) n. [Gr. rpo;^£(r/ros-.] A kind of 
tablet or lozenge. Bacon. 

TRo'GHITE, n. [L. trochus.] 1. In natural history, a kind 
of figured fossil stone, resembling parts of plants, called 
St. Cuthberf’s beads. 2. Fossil remains of tlie shells call- 
ed trochus. 

TROeil'LE-A, n. [L.] A pulley-like cartilage, through 
which the tendon of the trochleary muscle passes. 
TROGIFLE-A-RY, a. Pertaining to the trochlea. 
TRo'GHOID, n. [Gr. ; L. troc.Vas.] In geometry,^ 

curve generated by the motion of a wheel ; the cycloid. 
TROD, pret. of tread. 

TROD, ) pp. of tread. .Terusalem shall be trodden down 
TROD' DEN, f by the Gentiles. Luke xxi. 

TRODE, old pret. of tread. 
t TRODE, n. Tread ; footing. Spenser. 

TROG'LO-DYTE, n. [Gr. Tpmy'Xt] and Xvw.] The Troglo- 
dytes were a people of Ethiopia, represented by the an- 
cients as living in caves. 

TRoLL, V. t. [G. trollen W. iroliaw.] To move in a cir- 
cular direction; to roll; to move volubly; to turn; to 
drive about. 

TRoLL, V. i. 1. To roll ; to run about. — 2. Among anglers. 


to fish for pikes with a rod whose line runs on a wheel, 
or_pulley. Gay. 

TROLLED, pp. Rolled ; turned about. 

TRoLLRNG, ppr. Rolling; turning; driving about ; fish- 
ing with a rod and reel. 

TROL'LOP, n. [G. trolle.] A stroller ; a loiterer ; a woman 
loosely dressed ; a slattern, jyiilton. 

t TROIi-LO-PEE', n. Formerly, a loose dress for females. 

TROL'MY^-DaMES, n. [Fr. trou-madamc.] The game of 
nine-holes. Shak. 

TROMP, n. A blowing machine formed of a hollow tree, 
used in furnaces. 

TROMP'IL, n. An aperture in a tromp. 

TRON'AGE, n. Formerly, a toll or duty paid for weighing 
wool. Cyc. 

TRO-Na'TOR, 11 . An officer in London, whose business 
was to weigh wool. 

TRON'GO, n. [L. truncus.] A term in Italian music, di- 
recting a note or sound to be cut short, or just uttered and 
then discontinued. 

TRONE, n. A provincial word in some parts of England 
for a small drajn. Cyc. 

TRONE, or TRoNES, n. A steelyard. JSTorth of England. 

TROOP, n. [Fr. troupe ,• It. truppa ; Sp., Port, tropa ,• Dan., 
D. trop ; G. trupj) ; Sw. tropp.] 1. A collection of people; 
a company; a number; a multitude. Ocn. xlix. 2. A 
body of soldiers. But, applied to infantry, it is now used 
in the plural, troops, and this word signifies soldiers in 
general. — 3. Troop, in the singular, a small body or com- 
I)any of cavalry, light-horse or dragoons, commanded by 
a captain. 4. A company of stage-players. 

TROOP, V. i. 1. To collect in numbers. 2. To march in a 
body. 3. To march in haste or in company. 

TROOP'ER, n. A private or soldier in a body of cavalry ; a 
horse-soldier. 

TROOP'ING, ppr. Moving together in a crowd ; marching 
in a body. 

TROPE, n. [L. tropus ; Gr. rpoTTo?.] In rhetoric, a word or 
expression used in a different sense from that which it 
properly signifies ; or a word changed from its original 
signification to another, for the sake of giving life or em- 
phasis to an idea, as when we call a shrewd man a fox. 

TRo'PHlED, a. Adorned with trophies. Pope. 

TRo'PHY, n. [L. tropamm ; Gr. rponaiop ,• Fr. trophee ; Sp., 
It. trofeo.] 1. Among the ancients, a pile of arms taken 
from a vanquished enemy, raised on the field of battle by 
the conquerors ; also, the representation of such a pile in 
marble, on medals and the like. 2. Any thing taken and 
preserved as a memorial of victory, as arms, flags, 
standards and the like, taken from an enemy. — 3. In ar- 
chitecture, an ornament representing the stem of a tree, 
charged or encompassed with arms and military weapons, 
oflensive and defensive. 4. Something tlia-t is evidence 
of^ victory ; memorial of conquest. 

TRo'PIIY-MoN'EY, n. A duty paid in England annually 
by house-keepers, towards providing harness, drums, col- 
ors, &c. for the militia. 

TROP'IG, n. [Fr. tropique ; L. t?'opicus.] 1. In astronomy, a 
circle of the sphere drawn through a solstitial point, par- 
allel to the equator ; or the line winch bounds the sun’s 
declination from the equator, north or south. — 2. Tropics, 
in geography, are two lesser circles of the globe, drawn 
parallel to the equator through the beginning of Cancer 
and of Capricorn. 

TROPT-CAL, a. l’. Pertaining to the tropics ; being within 
the tropics. 2. Incident to the tropics. 3. [from trope.] 
Figurative; rhetorically changed from its proper or ori- 
ginal sense. 

TROP'I-CAL-LY, adv. In a tropical or figurative manner. 

TROPTC-BiRD, n. An aquatic fowl of the g&nviS phaeton. 

TRo'PlST, n. One who explains the Scriptures by tropes 
and figures of speech ; one who deals in tropes. 

TPi^OP-O-LOG'I-CAL, G. Varied by tropes ; changed from 
the original import of the words. 

TRO-POL'O-GY^, n. [Gr. rporro? and Xoyo?.] A rhetorical 
mode of speech, includiilg tropes, or change from the 
original import of the word. 

fTROSS'ERS, ??. Trowsers. Sec Trowsers. Shak. 

TROT, V. i. [Fr. trotter ,* G. trotten ; It. trottare : Sp., Port. 
tretar.] 1. To move faster than in walking, as a Iiorse, 
or other quadruped, by lifting one fore foot and the hind 
foot of the opposite side at the same time. 2. To walk or 
move fast ; or to run. 

TROT, n. ]. The pace of a horse or other quadruped, when 
he lifts one fore foot and the hind foot of the opposite side 
at the same time. 2. An old woman ; in contempt. 

f TROTH,??.. [SsLX. treothe.] 1. Belief ; faith ; fidelity. 2. 
Truth ; verity ; veracity ; as, by my troth. 

t TROTH'LESS, a. Faithless; treacherous. Fairfax. 

t TROTH'-PLIGHT, v. t. To betroth or affiance. 

t TROTIP-PLiGHT, a. Betrothed; espoused; affianced. 

TROTI-P-PLiGHT, n. The act of betrothing or plighting 
faith. Shak. 


* See Synopsis. A, K, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, 


FALL, WHAT PR£Y ;— PIN, MARINE, BtRD ;— f Obsolete. 


TRU 859 TRU 


TROT'TER, 71. 1. A beast that trots, or that usually trots. 

2. A sheep’s foot. 

TROT'TING, ppr. Moving with a trot j walking fast, or 
running. 

TROU'BA-DCtTR, n. [Old Fr.] An early poet of Provence, 
Harris. 

TRoUB'LE, (trub'bl) v. t. [Fr. troubler ; It. turbare ; Sp., 
Port, tiirbar ; L. turbo.] 1. 7’o agitate ; to disturb; to put 
into confused motion. 2. To disturb ; to perplex. 3. To 
alHict ; to grieve ; to distress. 4. To busy ; to cause to be 
much engaged or anxious. 5. To tease ; to vex ; to mo- 
lest. (5. To give occasion for labor to. 7. To sue for a 
debt. 

TRoUB'LE, (trub'bl) n. 1. Disturbance of mind ; agitation ; 
commotion of spirits ; perplexity. 2. Affliction ; calamity. 

3. Molestation ; inconvenience ; annoyance. 4. Uneasi- 
ness ; vexation. 5. That which gives disturbance, an- 
noyance or vexation ; that which afflicts. 

TRoUB'LED, (trub'bld) pp. Disturbed ; agitated ; afflicted ; 
annoyed ; molested. 

TRoUB'LER, (trub bier) n. One who disturbs ; one who af- 
flicts or molests ; a disturber. Waller. 

TR6UB'LE-S6ME, (trub'bl-sum) a. 1. Giving trouble or 
disturbance ; molesting ; annoying ; vexatious. 2. Bur- 
densome ; tiresome ; wearisome. 3. Giving inconveni- 
ence to. 4. Teasing ; importunate. 

TR6UB'LE-S6ME-LY, (trub'bl-sum-ly) adv. In a manner 
or degree to give trouble; vexatiously. 

TR6UB'LE-S6ME-NESS, (trub'bl-sum-nes) n. 1. Vexa- 
tiousness; the quality of giving trouble or of molesting. 
2. Unseasonable intrusion ; importunity. 

t TRoUB'LE-STATE, 7i. A disturber of the community. 

TROUB'LING, (trubfflling) ppr. Disturbing ; agitating; mo- 
lesting ; annoying ; afflicting. 

TRoUB'LING, (trub'bling) n. 1. The i^ct of disturbing or 
putting in commotion. John v. 2. The act of afflicting. 

TROUB'LOUS, (trub'blus) a. 1. Agitated ; tumultuous ; full 
of commotion. 2. Full of trouble or disorder; tumultu- 
ous ; full of affliction. 

7TIOUGH, (trauf) n. [Sax., D., G. trog ; Dan. t'^ug. 1. A 
vessel hollow longitudinally, or a large log or piece of 
timber excavated longitudinally on the upper side ; used 
for various purposes. 2. A tray. 3. A canoe ; the rude 
boat of uncivilized men. 4. The channel that conveys 
water, as in mills. 

TRoUL, for troll. Sec Troll. 

TROUNCE, ftrouns) v. t. [qu. Fr. trongon^ trongonner.] To 
punish, or to beat severely. [A loro word.] 

* TROUSE, (trooz) n. [See Trowsers.] A kind of trowsers 
worn by children. 

TROUT, n. rSax. truht ; Fr. truitc •, It. trota ,• D. trait ; L. 
trutta.] A fiver fish of the genus salmo. 

TROUT' -C6L-ORED, a. White with spots of black, bay 
or sorrel ; as, a trout-colored horse. 

TROUT'-FISH-ING, n. The fishing for trouts. 

TROUT'-STRkAM, 71. A stream in which trout breed. 

TRo'VER, 71 . [Fr. trouoer It. trovare.] 1. In laio, the 
gaining possession of a)iy goods, whether by finding or 
by other means. 2. An action which a man has against 
another who has found or obtained possession of any of 
his goods, and who refuses to deliver them on demand. 

t TRoVV, V. i. [Sax. trcowiav, treowan ; G. trauen ; Sw. 
tro.] To believe ; to trust ; to think or suppose. Hooker. 

TRoW is used in the imperative, as a word of inquiry. 

TROW'EL, 71 . [Fr. truelle) L. trulla D. troffel.] 1. A ma- 
son’s tool. 2. A gardener’s tool. 

TROWL. See Troll. 

TROWS'ERS, 71 . plu. [Gaelic, triusan ; Fr. trousse ; W. 
trws, U'ouse.] A loose garment worn by males, extending 
from the waist to the knee or to the ankle, and covering 
the Idwer limbs. 

TROY, } n. [said to have been named from 

TROY-WEIGHT, ) Troyes, in France.] The weight by 
which gold and silver, jewels, &c. are weighed. 

TRC'ANT, a. [Fr. truand.] Idle ; wandering from busi- 
ness ; loitering ; as, a truant boy. 

TRU'ANT, 71 . x\n idler ; an idle boy. Dryden. 

TRu'ANT, V. i. To idle away time ; to loiter or be absent 
from emplovment. Shak. 

TRu'ANT-LY, ado. JAke a truant ; in idleness. 

TRu'ANT-SIIlP, 71. ItUeness; neglect of employment. 

TRUBS, 77. An herb. Minsioorth. 

tTRUB'TAIL, 71. A short, squat woman. Ainsworth. 

TRUCE, 71. [Goth, t/ iirg- 16 -a ; It. ; Norm, frcioc.] 1. 

In war, a suspension of arms by agreeinent of the com- 
manders ; a temporary cessation of hostilities. 2. Inter- 
mission of action, pain or contest; temporary cessation; 
short quiet. 

TRuCE'-BREaK-ER, 71 . [truce and 5rea/icr.] One who 
violates a truce, covenant or engagement. 2 Tim. iii. 

TRUCII'MAN, 71. An interpreter. See Dragoman. 

TRU-CI-Da'TION, 71 . [L. trucido.] The act of killing. 

TRUCK, V. i. [Fr. troquer ; Sp., Port, trocar.] To ex- 
change commodities ; to barter. [A vulgar word.] 


* See Synopsis. 


TRUCK, V. t. To exchange ; to give in exchange ; to bar* 
ter. [ y ulgar.] Swift. 

TRUCK, 71. 1. Permutation; exchange of commodities j 
barter. 2. A small wooden wheel not bound with iron j 
a cylinder. 3. A small wheel ; hence trucks, a low car- 
riage for carrying goods, stone, &c. 

TRUCK' AGE, ii. The practice of bartering goods. Milton. 

TRUCK'ER, 71. One who trafficks by exchange of goods. 

TRUCKING, ppr. Exchanging goods; bartering. 

TRUCfl<;LE, 71. A small wheel or caster. Hudibras. 

TRUC'KLE, V. i. [dim of truck.] To yield or bend obse-' 
quiously to the will of another ; to submit ; to creep. 

TRUC'KLE-BED, n. A bed that runs on wheel«^and may 
be pushed under another; a trundle-bed. 

TRUCK'LING, ppr. Yielding obsequiously to the will of 
another. 

TRu'CU-LENCE, 71. [L. truculentia .] 1. Savageness of 
manners; ferociousness. 2. Terribleness of countenance. 

TRu'CU-LENT, a. Fierce ; savage ; barbarous. 2. Of a 
ferocious aspect. 3. Cruel ; destructive. 

TRUDGE, V. i. 1. To travel on foot. 2. To travel or march 
whh labor. Dryden. 

TRUE, a. [Sax. treow, ti'cowe ; Sw. tro i Dan. troe ; G. 
treu ; D. trouw.] 1. Conformable to fact ; being in ac- 
cordance witii the actual state of things. 2. Genuine ; 
pure ; real ; not counterfeit, adulterated or false. 3. 
Faithful ; steady in adhering to friends, to promises, to a 
prince, or to the state ; loyal ; not false, fickle or perfidi- 
ous. 4. Free from falsehood. 5. Honest; not fraudulent. 
6. Exact ; right to precision ; conformable to a rule or 
pattern. 7. Straight ; right. 8. Not false or pretended ; 
real. 9. Rightful. 

TRuE'BORN, a. [true and &er7i.] Of genuine birth; hav- 
ing a right by birth to any title. Shak. 

TRuE'BRlilD, a. J.Of a genuine or right breed. Dryden, 
2. Being of genuine breeding or education. 

TRuE'HEART-ED, a. [true and heart.] Being of a faith- 
ful heart ; honest ; sincere ; not faithless or deceitful. 

TRuE'HEART-ED-NESS, n. Fidelity ; loyalty ; sincerity. 

TRuE'LoVE, 77. [true and love.] 1. One really beloved. 
2._A plant, the herb Paris. 

TRuE'LoVE-KNOT, n. A knot composed of lines united 
with many involutions ; the emblem of interwoven af- 
fection or engagements. 

TRuE'NESS, 77. 1. Faithfulness; sincerity. 2. Reality, 
genuineness. 3. Exactness. 

TRuE'PEN-NY, n. [true and penny.] A familiar phrase 
for an honest fellow. Bacon. 

^''TRUF'FLE, (truf'fl, or troo'fl) n. [Fr. truffe ; Sp. tr-ufa.] 
A subterraneous vegetable production, or a kind of mush- 
room. 

TRUF'FLE-WoRM, n. A worm found in truffles. 

TRUG, 77. A hod. This is our trough and tray ; the pro- 
nunciation being retained in some parts of England. 

TRudSM, 77. An undoubted or self-evident truth. 

TRULL, 77. [W. troliaio.l A low, vagrant strumpet. 

TRUL-LI-Za'4TON, 77. [L. trullisso.] The laying of strata 
of plaster with a trowel. 

TRU'LA", ado. 1. In fact ; in deed ; in reality. 2. Accord- 
ing to truth ; in agreement with fact. 3. Sincerely ; hon- 
estly ; really ; faithfully. 4. Exactly ; justly. 

TRUMP, 77. [It. tromba ; Gaelic, trompa.] 1. A trumpet; a 
wind instrument of music ; a poetical word used for 
trumpet. 2. [contracted from triumph ; It. trionfo ; Fr. 
trioinphe.] A winning card ; one of the suit of cards 
which takes any of the other suits. 3. An old game with 
cards. — I'o put to the trumps, or to put on the trumps, to re- 
duce to the last expedient, or to the utmost exertion of 
power. 

TRUMP, V. t. 1. To take with a trump card. 2. [Fr. 
tromper.] To obtrude; also, to deceive; [ 0 J 5 .] — To 
trump up, to devise ; to seek^and collect from every quar- 
ter* 

TRUMP, V. i. To blow a trumpet. WicUffe. 

TRUMP'ER-Y, 77 . [Fr. tromperie.] 1. Falsehood; empty 
talk. Raleigh. 2. Useless matter ; things worn out and 
c*nst* 

TrVmP'ET, 77 . [Fr. trompette ; G. trompetc D., Sw. 
trompet : Dan. trompette; x\rm. trompett.] 1. A tyind in- 
strument of music, used chiefly in war and military ex- 
ercises. 2. In the military style, a trumpeter. 3. One 
who praises or propagates praise, or is the instrument of 
propagating it. 

TRUMihET, V. t. To publish by sound of trumpet ; also, 
to proclaim. 

TRUMP'ET-ED, pp. Sounded abroad ; proclaimed. 

TRUMP'ET-ER, 77 . 1. One who sounds a trumpet. 2. One 
who proclaims, publishes or denounces. 3. A bird, a va- 

rietv of the domestic pigeon. , 

TRUMP'ET-FISH, n. A fish of the genus centnscus, (C. 
scolopax ;) called, also, tlie bcllows-fish. Cyc. 

TRUMP'ET-FLOW-ER, n. A flower. Cue. 

TRUMP'ET H6N'EY-SU€-KLE, n. A }>lant. 

TRUMP'ET-ING, PP7-. Blowing the trumpet ; proclaiming. 


S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete. 


MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; 


TRU 


860 


TUB 


^RUMP'ET-SHELL, n. The name of a genus of univcXv- 
ular shells, of the form of a trum[>et. Ct/c. 

TlvUxMP'ET-ToNGUED, a. Having a tongue vociferous 
as a trumpet. SAa/c. 

TlHJMP'LiKE, a. Resembling a trumpet. Chapman. 

TRUiNC'ATE, v. t. [L. truncu j Fr. trancher.] To cut off; 
to lop ; to maim. 

TRUiNE'ATE, a. In botany, appearing as if cut off at the 
tip ; ending in a transverse line. Martyn. 

TRL/N€ A-TED, pp. 1. Cut off; cut short; maimed. 2. 
Appearing ;is if cut off; plane ; having no edge. 

TRUNC'A-TING, ppr. Cutting off. 

TRUi\-€;,!V''J’ION, 71. The act of lopping or cutting off. 

TRUN CHEON, n. [Fr. trongon ; L. truncus.] A short 
staff ; a club ; a cudgel ; a battoon. 

TRIJN'CHEON, v. t. To beat with a truncheon ; to cudgel. 
Skak. 

TRUiVCH-EON-EEIU, n. A person armed with a truncheon. 

TRUNT)LE, V. f. [Sax. trandle, trendle: Dun., Sw. triad.] 

1. To roll, as on little wheels. 2. To roll, as a bowl. 

TRUN'DLE, V. t. To roll, as a thing on little wheels. 

TRUN'DLE, n. A round body ; a little wheel, or a kind of 

low cart with small wooden wheels. 

TRUN'DLE-BEU, n. A bed that is moved on trundles or 
little wheels ; called, also, trackle-bcd. 

TRUN'DLE-TAIL, n. A round tail; a dog so called from 
his tail. Shak. 

TRUNK, n. [Fr. tronc ; It. troncone ; Sp. tronco ; L. trmi- 
cus.] 1. The stem or body of a tree, severed from its 
roots. 2. The body of an animal without the limbs. 3. 
The main body of any thing. 4. The snout or proboscis 
of an elephant ; the limb or instrument with which he 
feeds himself. 5. A slender, oblong, hollow body, joined 
to the forepart of the head of many insects. — 6. In archi- 
tecture, the fust or shaft of a column. 7. A long tube 
through which pellets of clay are blown. 8. A box or 
chest covered with skin. 

t TRUNK, 77. t. To lop off ; to curtail ; to truncate. 

TRUNKED, 27p. 1. Cutoff; curtailed; [oi>5.] 2. Having 
a trunk. 

TRUNK'HOSE, n. Large breeches formerly worn. 

TRUNN ION, 71. [Fr. trognon.] The trunnions of a piece 
of ordnance are two knobs which project from the oppo- 
site sides of a piece, and serve to support it on the cheeks 
of the carriage. 

TRUNN'ION-PLATE, n. The trunnion-plates are two plates 
in traveling-carriages, mortars and howitzers, which 
cover the upper parts of the side-pieces, and go under the 
trunnions. 

TRUNNHON-RING, n. A ring on a cannon next before the 
trunnions. 

TRu'SION, (tru'zliun) n. [L. trudo.] The act of pushing 
or thrusting. Bentley. 

TRUSS, 77. [Fr. trousse ; Dan. trosse ; Sw. 1. In 

a general sense, a bundle ; as, a truss of hay or straw. — 2. 
In surgery, a bandage or apparatus used in cases of rup- 
tures, to keep up the reduced parts and hinder further 
protrusion, and for other purposes. — 3. Among botanists, 
a truss or bunch is a tuft of tiowers formed at the top of 
the main stalk or stem of certain plants. — 4. In navigation, 
a machine to pull a lower yard close toils mast and retain 
it firmly in that position. 5. See Trouse. 

TRUSS, 77. t. 1. To bind or pack clase. 2. To skewer; to 
make fast. — To truss up, to strain ; to make close or tight. 

TRUSSED, pp. Packed or bound closely. 

TRUS'SING, ppr. Packing or binding closely. 

TRUST, 77. [Dan. D'ost, trbs<er ,• Sw.trost.] 1. Confidence; 
a reliance or resting of the mind on the integrity, veracity, 
justice, friendship or other sound principle of another 
person. 2. He or that which is the ground of confidence. 
3. Charge received in confidence. 4. That which is 
committed to one’s care. 5. Confident opinion of any 
event. G. Credit given without examination. 7. Credit 
on promise of payment, actual or implied. 8. Sornetliing 
committed to a person’s care for use or management, and 
for which an account must be rendered. 9. Confidence ; 
special reliance on supposed honesty. 10. State of him 
to whom something is intrusted. 11. Care ; manage- 
ment. 1 Tim vi.— 12. In law, an estate, devised or grant- 
edJn confidence that the devisee or grantee shall convey 
it, or dispose of the profits, at the will of another; an 
estate held for the use of another. 

TRUST, 77 . t. 1. To place confidence in ; to rely on. 2. To 
believe ; to credit. 3. To commit to the rare of, in confi- 
dence. 4. To venture confidently. 5. To give credit to ; 
to sell to upon credit, or in confidence of future payment. 

TRUST, 77 . 7 . 1. To be confident of something present or 
future. 2. To be credulous ; to be won to confidence. 

TRUSTEED, pp. 1. Confided in ; relied on ; depended on. 

2. Sold on credit, as goods or property. 3. Delivered 
in confidence to the care of another. 

TRUS-TEE', 77. 1. A person to whom any thing or business 
is committed. 2. A nsrson to whom is confided the man- 
agement of ar: institution. 


TRUST'ER, n. One who trusts or gives credit. 

TRUSTH-Ly, adv. Faithfully; honestly; with fidelity. 

TRUST'I-NESS, n. That »pmlity of a person by which he 
deserves the confidence of others ; fidelity ; faithfulness ; 
honesty. 

TRUST'ING, j>/7r. Confiding in ; giving credit. 

TRUSTHNG-LY, ado. With trust or implicit confidence. 

TRUST'LESS, a. Not wortliy of trust; unfaithful. 

TRUST'Y, a. 1. That may be safely trusted ; that justly 
deserves confidence ; fit to be confided in. 2. That will 
nc)t fail ; strong ; firm. 

TROTH, 77. [8ax. treowth ; G. treuc.] 1. Conformity to 
fact or reality ; exact accordance with that which is, or 
has been, or shall be. 2. True slate of facts or things. 3. 
Conformity of words to thoughts, which is called mural 
truth. 4. Veracity; purity from falsehood; practice of 
sjieaking truth ; habitual disposition to speak truth. 5. 
Correct opinion. 6. Fidelity; constancy. 7. Honesty; 
virtue. 8. Exactness ; conformity to rule ; [ofts.J 9. Real 
fact or just principle ; real state of things. 10. Sincer- 
ity. John iv. 11. The truth of God is his veracity and 
faithfulness. Ps. Ixxi. 12. Jesus Christ is called tAc 
Johnxix. 13. It is sometimes used by way of concession. 
— In truth, in reality ; in fact. — Of a truth, in reality ; 
certainly. 

TRuTH'FUL, a. Full of truth. Barrington. 

TRuTH'LESS, a. 1. W’anting truth. 2. Faithless. 

t TRU-TI-Na'TION, 77. [L. trutina.] The act of weighing. 

TRUT-Ta^CEOUS, a. [L. trutta.] rertaining to the trout. 

TRV, 77. 7. [This word is from the root of Dan. trekker, to 
draw, or trijkker, Sw. trycka, to press.] To exert 
strength ,• to endeavor ; to make an effort ; to attempt. 

TRV^, 77. t. 1. To examine ; to make experiment on ; to 
prove by experiment. 2. To experience ; to have knowl- 
edge by experience of. 3. 'To prove by a test. 4. 'I’o act 
upon as a test. 5. To examine judicially by witnesses 
and the principles of law. 6. To essay ; to attempt. 7. 
To purify ; to refine ; as, silver seven limes tried. 8. ^’o 
search carefully into. Ps. xi. 9. To use as means. 10. 
To strain ; as, to ti-y the eyes. — To try tallow y &,c. is to 
melt and separate it from the membranes. — To try out, to 
pursue efforts till a decision is obtained. 

TRYTNG, ppr. 1. Exerting strength; attempting. 2. Ex- 
amining by searching or comparison with a test ; proving ; 
using ; straining, &.c. 3. a. Adapted to try, or put to se- 
vere trial. 

TRy'-SAIL, 71. A sail used by a ship in a storm ; literally, 
the st7'ain-sail. 

TUB, 77. [D. tobbe ; G. zuber ; Gaelic, tubag.] 1. An open 
wooden vessel formed wHh staves, heading and hoops ; 
used for various domestic purposes, as for washing, for 
making cheese, &c. 2. A state of salivation ; so called 
because the patient was formerly sweated in a tub ; [oAi-.] 

3. A certain quantity ; as a tub of lea, which is 60 pounds ; 
[local.] 4. A wooden vessel in which vegetables are 
planted, for the sake of being movable and set in a house 
in cold weather. 

TUB, 77. t. To planter set in a tub. 

TUB'BER. 77. In Cornwall, a mining instrument, called in 
other places a beele. Cyc. 

7’UB'BING, ppr. Setting in a tub. 

TUBE, 77. [Fr. tube; L. tubus.] 1. A pipe; a siphon; a 
canal or conduit ; a hollow cylinder. 2. A vessel of ani- 
mal bodies or plants, which conveys a fluid or other sub- 
stance. — 3. In botany, the narrow hollow part of a mon- 
opetalous corol, by which it is fixed to the receptacle. — 

4. In artillery, an instrument of tin, used in quick firing. 

TUBE, V. t. To furnish with a tube ; as, to tube a well. 

Tu'BER, 77. In botany, rx knob in roots, solid, with the com- 
ponent particles all similar. JJartyn. 

Tu'BER-CLE, 77. [Fr. tubercule ; L. tuberculum.] 1. A 
pimple ; a small push, swelling or tumor on animal bodies. 
2. A little knob, like a pimple"^ on plants ; a little knob or 
rough point on the leaves of some lichens, supposed to be 
the fructification. 

TU-BER GU-LAR, or TU-BER'€U-LOUS, a. 1. Full of 
knobs or pimples. 2. Affected with tubercles. 

TU-BER'€U-LATE, a. Having small knobs or pimples. 

TC'BER-OSE, 77. [L. tuberosa.] A plant with a tuberous 
root and a liliaceous flow^er, the polianthes tuberosa. The 
botanic term. 

Tu'BER-OUS, a. [from L. tuber.] Knobbed. In botany, 
consisting of roundish, fleshy bodies, or tubers, connected 
into a bunch by intervening threads. 

TUB'-FISH, 77. [tub nndfsh.] A species of trigla, some- 
times called the flying-fish. Cyc. 

TU'Bl-PORE, 77. A genus of zoophytes or corals. 

Tu'BI-PO-RITE, 77. Fossil tubipores. 

TUB'-MAN, 77 . In the exchequer, a barrister so called. 

Tu'BU-LAR, a. [from L. tubus.] Having the form of a 
tube or pipe ; consisting of a pipe ; fistular. 

Tu'BULE, 77. [L. tubulus.] A small pipe or fistular body. 

Tu BU-LL-FORM, a. Having the form of a tube. 

Tu'BU-LOUS, a. 1. Longitudinally hollow. 2. Containing 


See Synopsis. A, K, I, O, U, Yj long.- 


-FAR, F^LL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN MARINE, BIRD 


f Obsolete. 


TUM 


861 


TUN 


tubes ; composed wholly of tubulous florets. — 3. In botany, 
having a bell-shaped border, with live reflex segments, 
rising from a tube. 

TU.CH, n. A kind of marble. Ha-bert. 

TUtJK, 11 . [Gaelic, tuca ; W. twca.]^ 1. A long, narrow sword. 
2. A kind of net. Careic. 3. [trom the verb following.] 
In a ship, the part where the ends of the bottom planks 
are collected under the stern. 4. A fold j a pull 5 a lug- 
ging j see Tug. 

TUtJK, V. t. [G. zucken ; Ir. tuca'lcm.] 1. To thrust or 
press in or together ; to fold under ; to press into a narrow- 
er compass. 2. To inclose by tucking close around. 3. 
To full, as cloth ; [local.] 

t TU€K, V. i. To contract ; to draw together. Sharp. 

TGGK'ER, n. 1. A small piece of linen for shading the 
breast of women. 2. A fuller, whence the name -, [local.] 

TUGK'ET, n. [it. tocato.] 1. A flourish in music j a vol- 
untary ; a prelude. 2. [li. tocchetto.] A steak ; a collop. 

TUGK!ET-iSU-I\'ANCE, ?r. The sound of the tucket, an 
ancient instrument of music. Shak. 

TUGKhNG, ppr. Pressing under or together ; folding. 

Tu'EL, n. [Fr. iiLyeaiL.] The anus. Skinner. 

TuES'DA\ , (tuzehle) 7 t. [Sw. T'lsda^ j Dan. Tirsda^ 
Dingsdagj G. Dingstag j Sax. Thooisdieg, ox Tuesdag, 
from Tig, Tiig, or Tuisco, Mars.] The third day of tlie 
week. 


D. 


Tu'FA, ) n. [It. tufo : Fr. Inf ; G. to/.] A stone or porous 

TUF, _ I substance. 

TU-Fa^CEOUS, a. Pertaining to tufa ; consisting of tufa, 
or resembling it. 

TUF-FOOiV', 11 . [a corruption of typhon.] A violent tem- 
pest or tornado, frequent in the Chinese sea. 

TUl'T, 7 i. [W. twf; Vx.touffe, toupet ; Sw. tofs ; Sp. tupe.] 
]. A collection of small things in a knot or bunch. 2. A 
cluster ; a clump. — 3. In botany, a head of flowers, each 
elevated on a partial stalk, and all forming together a 
dense, roundish mass. 

TUFT, y. t. 1. To separate into tufts. 2. To adorn with 
tufts or with a tuft. Thomson. 

t TUF-TAF'FE-TA, n. A villous kind of silk. 

TUFT ED, pp. or a. Adorned with a tuft, as the tufted 
duck ; growing in a tuft or clusters. Pope. 

TUFT'i%a. Abounding with tufts 3 growing in clusters; 
bushy. Thomson. 

TUG, y. [Sax. teogan, teon; Fr. toner.] 1. To pull or 
draw with great effort ; to drag along with continued ex- 
ertion ; to Jiaul along. 2. To pull ; to pluck. 

TUG, y. i. 1. To pull with great etfort. 2. To labor; to 
strive ; to struggle ; [/loi elegant.] Howe. 

TUG, n. [G. zug.] 1. A pull with the utmost effort. 2. A 
sort of carriage. — 3. In some parts of JVew England, the 
traces of a harwess are called tugs. 

TUG'GEK, 77 . One who tugs or pulls with great effort. 

TUG'GIiVG, ppr. Pulling with great exertion ; hauling. 

TUG'GING-LV, adv. With laborious pulling. Bailey. 

TU-I 'TIOiV, 77 . [L.tuitio.] 1. Guardianship ; superintend- 
ing care over a young person ; the particular watch and 
care of a tutor or guardian over his pupil or ward. — 2. 
Jf!'ore especially, instruction ; the act or business of teach- 
ing the various branches of learning. 3. Tlie money paid 
for instruction. 

Tu'LIP, 77. [Fr. tulipe ; L. tulipa ; It. tulipano ; Sp. tuUpan ; 
p. talp.] A plant and a flower of the genus tnllpa. 

Tu LIP-TREE, 77 . An American tree bearing flowers. 

TUM'BLE, y. 7 . [Sax. t777/i/77a77 ; Sw\ tumla ; Dan. tumler ; 
Fr. tomber ; Sp. tnmbar.] 1. To roll ; to roll about by 
turning one way and the other. 2. To fall ; to come 
down suddenly and violently. 3. To roll down. 4. To 
play mountebank tricks. 

TUM'BLE, y. 1. To turn over; to turn or throw about 
for examination or searching. 2. To disturb ; to rumple. 

TUAPBLE, 77. A flill. U Estrange. 

TUMBLED, pp. Rolled; disturbed; rumpled; thrown 
down. 

TUM'BLER, 77 . 1. One wflio tumbles; one who plays the 
tricks of a niountebank. 2. A large drinking glass. 3. 
A variety of the domestic pigeon, so called from his prac- 
tice of tumbling or turning over in flight. 4. A sort of 
dog, so called from his practice of tumbling before he at- 
tacks his prey. Swan. 

TUM'BLLVG, ppr. Rolling about ; falling; disturbing; 
rumpling. 

TUM'BLING-BAY, n. In a canal, nn overfall or weir. 

TUM'BREL, 77 . [Fr. tombereau.] 1. A ducking-stool for 
the punishment of scolds. 2. A dung-cart. 3. A cart or 
carriage with two wheels, wdiich accompanies troops or 
artillery, for conveying the tools of pioneers, cartridges 
and the like. 

TU.M'BRIL, 77 . A contrivance of the basket kind, or a kind 
of cage of rssiers, willows, &c., for keeping hay and other 
food for sheep. 

TU-AIE-F AG'TIO V, n. [L. tumefacio.] The act or process 
of swelling or rising into a tumor ; a tumor; a swelling. 

TU'ME-FIED,pp. [from tumefy.] Swelled ; enlarged. 


Tu'ME-FY, y. t. [L. tumefacio ; tumidus, tumeo, Vixid facio.J 
To svveH, or cause to swell. 

Tu'ME-Fy, V. i. To swell ; to rise in a tumor. 

Tu'ME-Fy-ING, ppr. Swelling ; rising in a tumor. 

Tu|MID, a. [L. tumidus.] 1. Being swelled, enlarged or 
distended. 2. Protuberant; rising above the level. 3. 
Swelling in sounder sense ; pompous; puffy ; bombastic; 
falsely sublime. 

Tu'MID-LY, adv. In a swelling form. 

'I’U'MID-NESS, 77. A swelling or swelled state. 

TuhMITE, 77. A mineral. See Thummerstone. 

Tu'MOR, 77. [L.] 1. In sTTr^cr?/, a swelling; a morbid enlarge- 
ment of any part of the body. 2. Affected pomp ; bom- 
bast in language; swelling woids or expressions; false 
magnificence or sublimity ; [little used.] IVotton. 

TuhMORED, a. Distended ; swelled. Junius. 

Tu'MOR-OUS, a. 1. Swelling; protuberant. Wotton. 2. 
Vainly pompous; bombastic, as language or style; [L u.] 

TUMP, 77. A little hilloc. 

TUMP, v.t. [VV. twmp ; L. tumulus.] In gardening, to 
form a mass of earth or a hilloc rouna a plant. 

TUMPED, pp. Surrounded with a hilloc of earth. 

TUAIP'ING, ppr. Raising a mass of earth round a plant. 

TU'MU-LAR, a. [L. tumulus.] Consisting in a heap ; 
formed or beijig in a heap or hilloc. Pinkerton. 

t Tu'MU-LATE, y. 7. To swell. 

TU-MU-LOS'I-TY, ??. Hilliness. Bailey. 

Tu'MU-LOUS, 77. [L. tumulosus.] Full of hills. Bailey. 

Tu'MULT, 77. [L. tumuUus.] 1. The commotion, diturb- 
ance or agitation of a multitude, usually accompanied 
with great noise, uproar and confusion of voices. 2. Vi- 
olent commotion or agitation with confusion of sounds. 
3. Agitation; high excitement; irregular or confused 
motion. 4. Bustle ; stir. 

Tu'M ULT, y. i. To make a tumult ; to be in great commo- 
tion. Milton. 

tTu'MULT-ER, 77. One who makes a tumult. Milton. 

TU-MULT'U-A-RI-LY, adv. [from tumultuary.] In a 
tumultuary or disorderly manner. 

TU-MULT'U-A-RI-NESS, n. Disorderly or tumultuous 
conduct ; turbulence ; disposition to tumult. K. Charles. 

TU-MULT'U-A-RY, a. [Fr. tumult uaire.] 1. Disorderly; 
promiscuous ; confused. 2. Restless ; agitated ; unquiet. 

f TU-MULT'U-ATE, y. 7. [h. tumultuo.] To make a tu- 
mult. 

TU-MULT-U-a'TION, 77. Commotion ; irregular or disor- 
derly movement. Boyle. 

TU-AIULT/U-OUS, a. [Fr. tumultueux.] 1. Conducted 
with tumult ; disorderly. 2. Greatly agitated ; irregular; 
noisy ; confused. 3. Agitated ; disturbed. 4. Turbulent; 
violent. 5. Full of tumult and disorder. 

TU-MULT'U-OUS-LY, ado. In a disorderly manner ; by a 
disorderly multitude. 

TU-MULl’^U-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being tumultu- 
ous ; disorder ; commotion. 

TUN, 77. [Sax., Sw. tunna; Fr. tonne, tonneau', Tr. tonna ,* 
G. tonne ; D. ton.] 1. In a general sense, a large cask ; 
an oblong vessel bulging in the middle, like a pipe or 
puncheon, and girt with hoops. 2. A certain measure 
for liquids, as for wflne, oil, &c. 3. A quantity of wine, 
consisting of two pipes or four hogsheads, or 252 gallons. 
— 4. In commerce, the w'eight of twenty hundreds gross, 
each hundred consisting of 1 1 2Z 5. =2240^5. 5. A certain 
weight by which the burden of a ship is estimated. 6. A 
certain quantity of timber, consisting of forty solid feet 
if round, or fifty-four feet if square. 7. Proverbially, a 
large quantity. — 8. In burlesque, a drunkard. 9. At the 
end of names, tun, ton, or don, signifies town, village or 
hill. 

TUN, V. t. To put into casks. Bacon. Boyle. 

TD'NA-BLE,77. [from t7777c.] 1. Harmonious ; musical. 2. 
That may be put in tune. 

Tu'NA-BLE-NESS, V. Harmony; melodiousness. 

Tu'NA-PLY, 77 7Zy. Karmoniouslv ; musically. 

TUN'-BEL-LIED, a. Having a large, protuberant belly. 

TUN -DISH, 77. [tun and dish.] A tunnel. 

TUNE, 77 . [Fr. ton ; It. tuono ; D. toon ; W. ton ; Ir. tona ; 
L. to? 777 s.] 1. A series of musical notes in some particu- 

lar measure, and consisting of a single series, for one 
voice or instrument^ the effect of which is melody. 2. 
Sound; note, 3. Harmony; order ; concert of parts. 4. 
ff’he state of giving the proper sour.ds. 5. Proper state 
for use or application ; right disposition ; fit temper or 
humor. 

TUNE, v.t. 1. To put into a state adapted to produce the 
proper sounds. 2. To sing with melody or harmony. 3. 
To put into a state proper for any purpose ; [little used.] 

TUNE, r. i. 1. ff’o form one sound to another. 2. To utter 
inarticulate harmony with the voice. 

TONED, pp. Uttered melodiously or harmoniously ; put in 
order to produce the proper sounds. 

TONE'FITi, a Harmonious ; melodious ; musical. Dryden. 

TUx\E'LESS, . 7 . 1. Unmusical; unharrnonious. 2. Not 

emnloyed in making music ; as, a tuneless harp. 


* See Synopsis. 


MOVE, BOOK, DOVE;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K; 


G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 


t Obsolete, 


TUR 


862 


TUR 


TClN'ERj w. 1. One who tunes. SJiak. 2. One whose oc- 
cupation is to tune musical instruments. 

TUNG, n. A name given by the Indians to a small insect, 
called by the Spaniards pique. 

TUNG, 71. [Sax. timg, tunga ,* Sw. tunga; Dan. tunge ,* D. 
tong.] In 7 /ia/i, the instrument of taste, and the chief in- 
strument of speech. See Tongue. 

TUNG'STATE, n. A salt formed of tungstenic acid and a 
base. 

TUNG'STEN, n. [Sw., Dan. tnng and In mineralogy ^ 

a mineral of a yellowish or grayish-vvJiite color. 
TUNG-STEN'1€, a. Pertaining to tungsten. 

Tu'NIO, 71. [¥x . iunique h. tunica.] i. A kind of waist- 
coat or under garment worn by men in ancient Rome and 
the East. — 2. Among the religious^ a woolen shirt or 
under garment. — 3. In anatomy^ a membrane that covers 
or composes some part or organ. 4. A natural covering 3 
an integument. 

TD*NI-GA-TED, a. In botany^ covered with a tunic or 
membranes 3 coated, as a stem. 

Tu'NI-€LE, 71. A natural covering 3 an integument. 
TuNTNG, jypr. Uttering harmoniously or melodiously 3 
putting in due order for making the proper sounds. 
TuN'JtJ^i^-EORK, n. A steel instrument consisting of two 
prongs and a handle, used for tuning instruments. 
TUN4NG-HAM-MER, n. An instrument fortuning instru- 
ments of music. Busby. 

TUNIUER, n. [G. tunken.] The Tankers are a religious 
sect in Pennsylvania, of German origin. 

TUN'NAGE, 71. ]. The amount of tuns that a ship will 
carry 3 the content or burden of a ship. 2. The duty 
charged on ships according to their burden or the num- 
ber of tuns at which tliey are rated. 3. A duty laid on 
liquors according to their measure. 4. A duty paid to 
mariners by merchants for unloading their ships, after a 
rate by the tun. 5. The whole amount of shipping, esti- 
mated by the tuns. 

TUN^NEL, n. [Fr. tonnelle.] ]. A vessel with a broad 
mouth at one end, and a pipe or tube at the other, for 
conveying liquor into casks. 2. The opening of a chim- 
ney for the passage of smoke 3 called, generally, a funnel. 
3. A large subterraneous arch through a hill for a canal 
and the passage of boats. 

TUN'NEL, V. t. 1. To form like a tunnel. 2. To catch in 
a net called a tunnel-net. 3. To form with net-work. 
TUN'NEL-KIIjN, n. A lime-kiln in which coal is burnt. 
TUN'NEL-NET, n. A net with a wide mouth at one end 
and narrow at the other. Cyc. 

TUN^NEL-PIT, 71. A shaft sunk from the top of the ground 
to the level of an intended tunnel, for drawing up the 
earth and stones. 

TUN'iVING, ppr. Putting into casks. 

TUN-NY, 77 . [li. tonno •, Yr.thon’, G. thunfsch ; h. thyn- 
nus.] A fish of the genus scomber. Cyc. 

TUP, 71 . A ram. [Local.] 

TUP, v.t. [Gr. TUTTro).] 1. To butt, as a ram 3 [local.] 2. 

To cover, as a ram 3 [local.] 

TuTE-LO, n. A tree of the genus nyssa. Mease. 
TUP'-MAN, n. A man who deals in tups. [Local.] 
TUR'BAN, n. [Ar.] 1. A head-dress worn by the orientals, 
consisting of a cap, and a sash of fine linen or tafieta. — 2 . 
In conchology, the whole set of whirls of a shell. 
TTJR'BANED, a. Wearing a turban. S/iak. 
TUR'BAN-SIIELL, n. In natural history^ a genus of shells. 
TUR'Bz\N-TOP, 77 . A plant eff the genus heivella. 
TUR'BA-RY, 77 . [from turf; Latinized, t 77 r&a 7 ’ 7 a.] 1. In 

law, a right of digging turf on another man’s land. 2 . 
The place where turf is dug. Cowel. 

TUR'BIf), a. [L. turbidus.] Properly, having the lees dis- 
turbed 3 but in a more general sense, muddy 3 foul with 
extraneous matter 3 thick, not clear, 
t TUR'BID-LY, adv. Proudly 3 haughtily 3 a Latinism. 
TUR^BID-NESS, n. Muddiness 3 foulness. 
TUR-BILL'ION, n. [Fr. tourbillon.] A whirl 3 a vortex. 
TUIPBI-NATE, ) a. | L. turZ 77 / 7 atus.] 1. In conchology, 
TUR'BI-NA-TED, | spiral, or wreathed conically from a 
larger base to a kind of apex. — 2. In botany, shaped like a 
top or cone inverted 3 narrow at the base, and broad at 
the apex._ 3. Whirling 3 [little used.] 

TUR-BI-Na'TION, 77. The act of spinning or whirling, as 
a top. 

TUR'BIN-ITE, or TUR'BITE, n. A petrified shell of the 
turbo kind. Kirwan. 

TUR'BIT, 77. 1. A variety of the domestic pigeon, remark- 
able for its short beak. 2. The turbot. 

TUR'BITH, or TUR'PETH, 77. A root brought from the 
East Indies. It is cathartic. 

TUR'BOT, 77. [Fr.] A fish of the genus pleuronectes. 
TUR'BU-LENCE, 1 n. 1. A disturbed state 3 tumult 3 con- 
TUR'BU-LEN-CY, \ fusion. 2. Disorder or tumult of 
the passions. 3. Agitation ; tuinultuousness. 4. Dispo- 
sition to resist authority 3 insubordination 
TUR'BU-LENT, a. [L. turbulentus.] 1 Disturbed 3 agi- 
tated 3 tumultuous 3 being in violent commotion. 2. Rest- 


less 3 unquiet 3 refractory 3 disposed to insubordination 
and disorder. 3. Producing commotion. 

TUR'BU-LENT-LY, ady. Tumultuously 3 with violent agi- 
tation 3 with refractoriness. 

* TUR'CISM, 77 . The religion of the Turks. 

TUR'UOIS. See Turkois. 

TU-REEN', 77 . A domestic vessel for holding soup or sauce 
on the table. 

TURF, 77 . [Sax. tyrf ; D. turf; G., Sw. tor/.] 1. That 
upper stratum of earth and vegetable mold, which is filled 
with the roots of grass and other small plants, so as to 
adhere and form a kind of mat. 2. Peat 3 a peculiar kind 
of blackish, fibrous, vegetable, earthy substance, used as 
fuel. 3. Race-ground, or horse-racing. 

TURF, V. t. To cover with turf or sod. 

TURF'-€ 6 V-ERED, a. Covered with turf. Tooke. 

TURF'-DRAIN, n. A drain filled with turf or peat. 

TURFED, pp. Covered with turf or green sod. 

TURF'-HEDGE, n. A hedge or fence formed with turf and 
plants of different kinds. Cyc. 

TURF'-HOUSE, n. A house or shed formed of turf. 

TURF'I-NESS, 77 . The state of abounding with turf, or of 
having the consistence or qualities of turf. 

TURF'ING, ppr. Covering with turf. 

TURF'ING, 77 . The operation of laying down turf, or cov- 
ering with turf. 

TURF'ING-iR-ON, n. An implement for paring off turf. 

TURF4NG-SPADE, n. An instrument for under cutting 
turf, when marked out by the plough. Cyc. 

TURF'-MOSS, 77 . A tract of turfy, mossy or boggy land. 

TURF'-SPADE, n. A spade for cutting and digging turf, 
longer and narrower than the common spade. Cyc. 

TURF'Y, a. 1 . Abounding with turf. 2. Having the qual- 
ities of turf. 

TUR'GENT, a. [L. turgens ] Swelling 3 tumid 3 rising 
into a tumor or puffy state. 

TUR-GES'CENCE, I 77 . [L. turgescens.] 1. The act of 

TUR-GES'CEN-CY, \ swelling. 2. The state of being 
swelled. 3. Empty pompousness 3 inflation 3 bombast. 

TUR'GID, a. [L. turgidus.] 1. Swelled 3 bloated 3 distend- 
ed beyond its natural state by some internal agent or ex- 
pansive force. 2. Tumid 3 pompous 3 inflated 3 bom- 
bastic. 

TUR-GID'I-TY, 77 . State of being swelled 3 tumidness. 

TUR'GID-LY, adv. With swelling or empty pomp. 

TUR'GID-NESS, n. 1. A swelling or swelled state of a 
thing 3 distention beyond its natural state by some inter- 
nal force or agent, as in a limb. 2 . Pompousness 3 infla- 
ted manner of writing or speaking 3 bombast. 

TU-RI-O-NIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. turio and fero.] Producing 
shoots. Barton. 

TUR'KEY, ) 77 . A large fowl, the meleagris gallopavo, a 

TUR'KY, \ distinct genus. 

TUR'KEY-STONE, 77 . Another name of the oil-stone. 

* TURK'OlS, 77 . [Fr. turquoise ; from Turkey.] A mineral, 
called, also, calaite, brought from the east. 

TURK’S'-CAP, 77 . A plant of the genus lilium. 

TURK’S<-HEAD, n. A plant of the genus cactus. 

TURK'S'-TUR-BAN, n. A plant of the genus ranunculus. 

TURM, 77 . [1j. turma.] A troop. [JsTot Plnglish.] Milton. 

TUR'MA-LIN, 77 . An electric stone. See Tourmalin. 

TUR'MER-l€, 77 . [It. turtumaglio.] Indian saffron. 

TUR-MOIL', 77 . Disturbance 3 tumult 3 harassing labor 3 
trouble 3 molestation by tumult. Shak. 

TUR-MOIL', V. t. 1. To harass with commotion. 2. To 
disquiet 3 to weary. 

TUR-MOIL', V. i. To be disquieted 3 to be in commo- 
tion. 

TURN, V. t. [Sax. turnan, tyrnan ; L. torno ; Fr. tourner.] 
1. To cause to move in a circular course. 2. To change 
or shift sides 3 to put the upper side downwards, or one 
side in the place of the other. 3. To alter, as a position. 
4. To cause to preponderate 3 to change the state of a 
balance. 5. To bring the inside out. 6 . To alter, as the 
posture of the body, or direction of the look. 7. To form 
on a lathe 3 to make round. 8 . To form 3 to shape. 9. 
To change 3 to transform 3 as, to turn evil to good. 10. 
To metamorphose. 11. To alter or change, as color. 
12. To change or alter in any manner 3 to vary. 13. To 
translate. 14. To change, as the manner of writing. 

15. To change, as from one opinion or party to another. 

16. To change in regard to inclination or temper. 17. To 
change or alter from one purpose or effect to another. 18. 
To transfer. 19. To cause to nauseate or lothe. 20. To 
make giddy. 21. To infatuate 3 to make mad, wild or 
enthusiastic. 22. To change direction to or from any 
point. 23. To direct by a change to a certain purpose or 
object 3 to direct, as the inclination, thoughts or mind. 
24. To revolve 3 to agitate in the mind. 25. To bend 
from a perpendicular direction. 2P. To move from a 
direct course cr straight line 3 to cause to deviate. 27. To 
apply by a change of use. 28. To reverse. 29. To keep 
passing and changing, in the course of trade. 30. To 
adapt the mind. 31. To make acid 3 to sour. 32. To 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT 3 — PREY 3 — PIN, MARINE, BIRD 5 — | Obsolete, 


TUR 


863 


TWA 


persuade to renounce an opinion j to dissuade from a pur- | 
pose, or cause to change sides. i; 

To turn aside, to avert. — To tarii aicay. 1. To disinks from 
service; to discard. 9. To avert. — To turn 6acA:, to re- 
turn ; [/. u.J — To turn down, to fold or double down, — 
To turn in, to fold or double. — To turn off, 1. To dismiss 
contemptuously. 2. To give over ; to re.sign. 3. To 
divert; to deliect. — To be turned of, to be advanced be- 
yond. — To turn out. 1. To drive out ; to expel. 2. To 
put to pasture, as cattle or horses. — To turn over. 1. To 
change sides ; to roll over. 2. To transfer. 3. To open 
and examine one leaf after anothei'. 4. To overset. — To 
turn to, to have recourse to. — To turn upon, to retort', to 
throw back. — To turn the bach, to flee ; to retreat. Ex. 
xxiii. — To turn the back upon, to quit with contempt; to 
forsake. — To turn the die or dice, to change fortune. 

TURN, V. i. 1. 'J’o move round ; to have a circular motion. 
2. 'To be directed. 3. To show regard by directing the 
look towards any thing. 4. To move the body round. 

5. T’o move ; to change posture. (1. To deviate. 7. To 
alter; to be changed or transformed. 8. To become by 
change. 9. To change sides. 10. To change opinions or 
parties. 11. To change the mind or conduct. 12. To 
change to acid. 13. To be brought eventually ; to result 
or terminate in. 14. To depend on for decision. 15. To 
become giddy. IG. To change a course of life ; to repent. 
17. To change the course or direction. 

To turn about, to move the face to another quarter. — To turn 
awo.y. 1. To deviate. 2. To dejiart from ; to forsake. — 
To turn in. 1. To bend inwards. 2. To enter for lodg- 
ings or entertainment. Gen. xix. 3. To go to bed. — 'I'o 
turn off, to be diverted; to deviate from a course. — To 
turn on or upon. 1. To reply or retort. 2. To depend on. 
— To turn out. 1. To move from its place, as a bone. 2. 
To bend outwards ; to project. 3. To rise from bed ; also, 
to come abroad. — To turn over. 1. To turn from side to 
side ; to roll ; to tumble. 2. To change sides or parties. — 
To turn to, to be directed. — To turn under, to bend or be 
folded downwards. — To turn up, to bend or be doubled 
upwards. 

TURN, n. 1. The act of turning; movement or motion in 
a circular direction, whether horizontally, vertically or 
otherwise; a revolution. 2. A winding ; a meandering 
course ; a bend or bending. 3. A walk to and fro. 4. 
Change ; alteration ; vicissitude. 5. Successive course. 
C. Manner of proceeding ; change of direction. 7. Chance ; 
hap; opportunity. 8. Occasion; incidental opportunity. 
9. Time at which, by successive vicissitudes, any thing 
is to be had or done. JO. Action of kindness or malice. 
11. Reigning inclination or course. 12. A step off the 
ladder at the gallows. 13. Convenience ; occasion ; pur- 
pose ; exigence. 14. Form; cast; shape; manner; in a 
literal or Jigurativc sense. 15. Manner of arranging words 
in a sentence. 18. Change ; new position of things. 17. 
Change of direction. 18. One round of a rope or cord. — 
19. In mining, a pit sunk in some part of a drift. — 20. 
Tarn, or tour n,\n law. I’lie shcriff"^s turn is a court of 
record, held by the sheriff' twice a year in every hundred 
within his county ; [England.] — By turns. 1. One after 
another ; alternately. 2. At intervals. — To take turns, to 
take each other’s places alternately. 

TURN'-BENCH, n. A kind of iron lathe. Moxon. 

TURN'-CoAT, 71. [turn and coat.] One who forsakes his 
party or principles. Shak. 

TURNED, pp. Moved in a circle ; changed. 

TUR'NEF, n. [Sax. nape ; L. jiapus.] A bulbous root or 
plant of the genus brassica, of great value for food. 

TURN'ER, 71. One whose occupation is to form things with 
a lathe ; one who turns. 

TURN'ER-ITE, n. A rare mineral. Phillips. 

TURN'ER-Y, n. 1. The art of forming into a cylindrical 
sliape by the lathe. 2. Things made by a turner. 

TURNING, ppr. Moving in a circle; changing; wind- 
ing. 

TURN'ING, n. 1. A winding ; a bending course ; flexure ; 
meander. 2. Deviation from the way or proper course. 

t TURN'ING-NESS, n. Ouality of turning; tergiversation. 

TURN'PIKE, 71. 1. Strictly, a frame consisting of two bars 
crossing each other at right angles, and turning on a post 
or pin, to hinder the passage of beasts, but admitting a 
person to pass between the arms. 2. A gate set across a 
road to stop travelers and carriages till toll is paid for 
keeping the road in repair. 3. A turnpike-road. — 4. In 
military affairs, a beam filled with spikes to obstruct pas- 
sage. Cyc. 

TURN'I’TKE, V. t. To form, as a road, in the manner of a 
turnpike-road ; to throw the path of a road into a rounded 
form. Med Reyos. 

TURN'PIKE-RoAD, n. A road on which turnpikes or toll- 
gates are established by law, Cyc. 

TURN'SERV-ING, n. The act or practice of serving one’s 
turn or promoting private interest. 

TURN'SIUK, a. [turn and sick.] Giddy. Bacon. 

TURN'SOLE, n. [tu7'n, and L. sol.] A plant. 


TURN'SPIT, n. 1. A person who turns a spit. 2. A v^^ 
riety of the dog, so called from turning the spit. 

TU RN 'tSl'lLE, n. A turnpike in a loot-path. 

TURN'tSTONE, ?i. A bird, called the sea-dotterel. 
TUR'PEN-TlNE, 7i. [L. terebinthma •, Sp., \tr trcmciitina ^ 
G. terpe7itin.] A transparent, resinous substance, flowing 
from several species of trees, as from the pine, larch, 
fir, &c. 

TUR'PEN-TlNE-TFi.EE, n. A tree of the senxis pistacia. 
TURPT-TUDE, n. [Fr. ; L. turpitudo.] 1. Inherent base- 
ness or vileness of principle in the human heart ; extreme 
depravity. 2. Baseness or vileness of words or actions; 
shameful wickedness. 

TUR'GIUOISE. [See Turkois.] Shak. 

TUIUREL, 71. A tool used by coopers. Sherwood. 

TUR'RET, 71. [L. turris.] J. A little tower; a small emi- 
nence or spire attached to a building and rising above it. 
— 2. In the a7-t of war, movable turrets, used formerly by 
the Romans, were buildings of a square form, consisting 
of ten or even twenty stories. 

TUR'RET-ED, a. 1. Formed like a tower. Bacon. 2 
Furnished with turrets. 

TUR'RIL-ITE, 71. The fossil remains of a spiral multilocu- 
lar shell. Ed. E7icijc. 

TUR'TLE, 71. [Sax; Fr. tourterelle : L. turtur.] 1. A fowl 
of the genus coliunba ; called, also, the turtle-dove. 2. 
The name sometimes given to the common tortoise. 3. 
The name given to the large sea-tortoise. 

TUR'TLE-Do VE, 71 . A species of the genus coZww&a. 
TUR'TLE-StJELL, 7i. [turtle and shell.] A shell, a beau- 
tiful species of 7nurex ; also, tortoise-shell. 

TUS'GAN, a. Pertaining to Tuscany, in Italy; an epithet 
given to one of the orders of columns. 

TUS'GAN, n. An order of columns. 

TUSH, an excla7uation, indicating check or rebuke. 

TUSH, 71. [Sax. tux.] A tooth. 

TUSK, 71. [Sax. tux.] The long, pointed tooth of certain 
rapacious, carnivorous or fighting animals, 
t TUSK, V. i. To gnash the teeth, as a boar. B. Jo7iso7i. 
TUSKED, I a. Furnished with tusks ; as, the tusky boar. 
TUSK'Y, \ TJryden. 

TUS'SLE, n. A struggle ; a conflict. [ Vulgar.] See Touse. 

I TUS'SUe, or t TUS'SOG, 71. A tuft of grass or twigs. 
Grew. 

TUT, an exclamation, used for checking or rebuking. 

TUT, 71. An imperial ensign of a golden globe with a cross 
on it. — Tut-bargain, among 7nmers, a bargain by the 
^ump. 

Tu'TEL-AGE, 71. [from L. tutcla.] 1. Guardianship ; pro- 
tection. Bacon. 2. State of being under a guardian. 
TU'TE-LAR, ) a. [L. tutelaris.] Having the guardian- 
TU'TE-LA-RY, ^ ship or charge of protecting a person or 
a thing ; guardian ; protecting. 

Ttj'T E-NAG, 70 The Chinese name of zink. 

TU'TOR, n. [E. ; Fr. tuteur.] 1. In the civil law, a guar- 
dian ; one who has the charge of a child or pupil and his 
estate. 2. One wdio has the care of instructing another in 
various branches or in any branch of human learning. — 
3. In imive7'sities anti colleges, an officer or member of 
some hall, who has the charge of instructing the students. 
TU'TOR, v.t. 1. To teach ; to instruct. Shak. 2. To treat 
with authority or severity. 3. To correct. 

Ttj'TOR-AGE, n. 1. In the civil guardianship ; the 
charge of a pupil and his estate. 2. The authority or so- 
lemnity of a tutor ; [little used.] 

Tu'TORED, pp. Instructed; corrected; disciplined. 
Tu'TOR-ESS, 71. A female tutor ; an instructress; a gov- 
erness. More. 

Tu'TOR-ING, pp7'. Teaching ; directing ; correcting. 
TO'TOR-ING, 71 . The act of instructing ; education. 
Tu'TOR-SHIP, n. Office of a tutor. Hooker. 

Tu TRIX, 71 . A female guardian. Smollett. 

TUT'SAN, 71 . A plant of the genus hypericum. 

TUT'TI, n. [L. toti.] In Jtalian 7nusic, a direction for all to 
play in full concert. 

TUT'TY, 71 . [It. tuzia ; Low L. tutia.] An argillaceous ore 
of zink, found in Pei*sia. 

t I’UZ, n. [qu. touse.] A lock or tuft of hair. Dryden. 
TWAIN, a. or n. [Sax. twegen ; Sw. tvenne ; Dan. tvende.] 
Two. [JVearly obsolete.] 

TWAIT, n. 1. A fish. 2. In old ivriters, woodland with the 
wood grubbed up and converted into arable land ; [local.] 
TWANG, V. i. [D. dwang ; Dan. tva7ig ; Sw. tvang.] To 
sound with a quick, sharp noise ; to make the sound of a 
string which is stretched and suddenly pulled. 

TWANG, V. t. To make to sound, as by pulling a tense 
string and letting it go suddenly. Shak. 

TWANG, n. 1. A sharp, quick sound. 2. An affected 
modulation of the voice ; a kind of nasal sound. 
TWAN'GLE, v.i. To twang. Shak. 

TWANG'ING, ppr. 1. Making a sharp sound. 2. a. Con- 
temptibly noisy. Shak. 

TWANK, a corruption of twa7ig. Jlddison. 

’TWAS, a contraction of it was. 


* See Sijnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; ClI as SH ; as in this. ^Obsolete 


TWI 


864 


TWO 


TWAT'TLE, v.i. [G. schwatien.'] To prate ; to talk much 
and idly ; to gabble; to chatter. U Estrange. 

TWAT'TLE, v,t. To pet; to make much of. [LocaZ.] 
Orose. 

TWAT'TUNG, ppr. ora. Prating; gabbling; chattering. 

TWAT'TLING, n. The act of prating; idle talk. 

t TWAY, for twain, two. Spenser. 

TWaY'-13LADE, } n. A plant of the genus ophris ; a poly- 

TVVY'-BLADE, <i_ petalous flower. 

TWeAG, or TWeAK, v.t. [Sax. tzcicciaw ; G. iwicken.l 
To twitch ; to pinch and pull with a sudden jerk. Swift. 

t TWeAG, n. Distress; a pinching condition. Arbuthnot. 

TVVEE'DLE, v. t. To handle lightly ; used of awkward 
fiddlinw. Addison. 

TWEED, V. t. To weave with multiplied leases in the 
harness, by increasing the number of thieads in each split 
of the reed, and the number of treddles, &c. 

TWEE ZEll-GASE, n. A case for carrying tweezers. 

TWEE'ZERS, n. Nippers; small pincers used to pluck 
out hairs. 

TWELFTH, a. [Sax. twclfta ,* Sw. tolfte.] The second 
after the tenth ; the ordinal of twelve. 

TWELFTH'-TlDE, 71. [twelfth and tide.] The twelfth day 
after Christmas. Tusser. 

TWELVE, (twelv) a. [Sax. twelf ; D. twaalf •, G. iwdlf.] 
The sum of two and ten ; twice six ; a dozen. 

TWELVE'MoNTH, (twelvhnunth) n. [twelve and month.] 
A year, which consists of twelve calendar months. 

TWELVE'PENCE, (twelv'pens) n. A shilling. 

TWELVETEN-N Y, (twelv pen-ny) a. Sold for a shilling ; 
worth a shilling. Dryden. 

TWELVE'SGORE, a. Twelve times twenty. 

TVVEN'TI-ETH, a. [Sax. twentigtha, twentogotha.] The 
ordinal of twenty. Dryden. 

TWEN'TY, a. [Sax. twenti, twentig.] 1. Twice ten. 2. 
Proverbially, an indefinite number. 

TWi'BlL, n. A kind of mattock, and a halbert. 

TWICE, adv. [from tica.] 1. Two times. 2. Doubly; as, 
twice the sum. — 3. Twice is used in composition ; as in 
twice-told. 

*TW[D'LE, for tweedle. See Tweedle. 

TWPFAij-LoW, V. t. [twi, two, and /aZZoto.] To plough a 
second time land that is fallowed. 

TWI'FAL-LoWED, pp. Ploughed twice, as summer fallow. 

TWT'FAL-I.oW-JNG, ppr. Ploughing a second time. 

TWi'FAL-L6W-ING, n. The operation of ploughing a 
second time, as fallow land, in preparing it for seed. 

t TWi'FOLD, a. Twofold. Spenser. 

TWIG, 71. [Sax. twig : D. twyg.] A small shoot or branch 
of a tree or other plant. Raleigh. 

TWIG'GEN, a. Made of twigs ; wicker. Grew. 

TWjG'GY, a. Full of twigs ; abounding with shoots. 

TWi'LlGHT, (twi llte) n. [Sax. tweon-leoht, doubtful light.] 
1. The faint light which is reflected upon the earth after 
sunset asd before sunrise ; crepuscular light. 2. Dubious 
or uncertain view. 

TWi'LiGHT, a. 1. Obscure; imperfectly illuminated; 
shaded. 2. Seen or done by twilight. 

TWILL, V. t. To weave in ribs or ridges ; to quill. 

TVVILT, 71. A quilt. [Local.] Orose. 

TWIN, 7/. [Sax. twinan.] 1. One of two young produced 
at a birth by an animal that ordinarily brings but one. 2. 
A sign of the zodiac ; Gemini. 3. One very much re- 
sembling another. 

TWLY, a. 1. Noting one of two born at a birth. 2. Very 
much resembling. — 3. In botany, swelling out into two 
protuberances, as an anther or germ. 

TWIN, V. i. 1. To be born at the same birth. 2. To bring 
two at once. 3. To be paired ; to be suited. 

TWIN, V. t. To separate into two parts. Chaucer. 

TWIN'-BORN, a. Born at the same birth. 

TWINE, v.t. [iiax. twinan ; D.twynen; Sw. tmn7ta.] 1. 
To twist ; to wind, as one thread or cord around another, 
or as any flexible substance around another body. 2. To 
unite closely ; to cling to ; to embrace. 3. To gird ; to 
wrap closely about. 

TWINE, v.i. 1. To unite closely, or by interposition of 
parts. 2. To wind ; to bend ; to make turns. 3. To turn 
round. 

TWINE, 71. 1. A strong thread composed of two or three 
smaller threads or strands twisted together. 2. A twist ; 
a convolution ; as, Typhon’s snaky twine. 3. Embrace ; 
act of winding round. 

TWINED, p/7. Twisted; wound round. 

TWINGE, (twinj) v.t. [Sw. tvinga ; T). dicbicreji ; Dan. 
tvincrer.] 1. To affect with a sharp, sudden pain ; to tor- 
ment with pinching or sharp pains. 2. To pinch; to 
tweak; to pull with a jerk. 

TWINGE, (twinj) v.i. To have a sudden, sharp, local 
pain, like a twitch ; to suffer a keen spasmodic or shoot- 
ing pain ; as, the side twincres. 

TWINGE, (twinj) n. 1. A sudden, sharp pain ; a darting, 
local pain of momentary ccmtinuance. 2. A sharp rebuke 
of conscience. 3. A pinch ; a tweak. 


II TWINGTNG, ppr. SuITering a sharp, local pain of short 
continuance ; pinching with a sudden pull. 

TWING'ING, n. The act of pinching with a sudden twitch j 
a ^udden, sharp, local pain. 

TWlN'lNG, ppr. 1. Twisting; winding round; uniting 
closely to ; embracing. — 2. In botany, ascending spirally 
around a branch, stem or prop. 

TWINK. See Twinkle. 

TWIN'KLE, V. i. [Sax.twinclian.] 1. To sparkle ; to flash 
at intervals ; to shine with a tremulous, intermitted light, 
or with a broken, quivering light. 2. To open and shut 
the eye by turns. 3. To play irregularly. 

TWIN'KLE, ) n. 1. A sparkling ; a shining with inter- 

TWIN'KLING, j mitted light. 2. A motion of the eye. 
3. A moment ; an instant ; the time of a wink. 

TWIN'KLING, ppr. Sparkling. 

TWIN'LING, n. [from twin.] A twin lamb. Tusser. 

TWINNED, a. [from twin.] Produced at one birth, like 
twins ; united. Milton. 

TWIN'NER, 71. A breeder of twins. Tusser. 

TWIN'TER, 71. A beast two winters old. [Local.] Grose. 

t TWIRE, V. i. To take short flights ; to flutter ; to quiver; 
to twitter. Chaucer. 

TWiRL, V t. [D. dwarlen ; G. querlen.] To move or turn 
round with rapidity ; to whirl round. 

TWiRL, V. i. To revolve with velocity ; to be whirled 
round. 

TWIRL, n. 1. A rapid circular motion ; quick rotation. 
2. Twist ; convolution. Woodward. 

TWiRLED, pp. Whirled round. 

TWiRL'ING, ppr. Turning with velocity ; whirling. 

TWIST, V. t. [Sax. getwistan ; D. twisten.] 1. To unite by 
winding one thread, strand or other flexible substance 
round another ; to form by convolution, or winding sepa- 
rate things round each other. 2. To form into a thread 
from many fine filaments. 3. To contort ; to writhe. 4. 
To wreathe ; to wind ; to encircle. 5. T’o form ; to 
weave. 6. To unite by intertexture of parts. 7. ff'e 
unite; to enter by winding; to insinuate. 8. To per- 
vert. 9. To turn from a straight line. 

TWIST, V. i. To be contorted or united by winding round 
each other. 

TWIST, 71. LA cord, thread or any thing flexible, formed 
by winding strands or separate things round each other. 
2. A cord ; a string ; a single cord. 3. A contortion ; a 
writhe. 4. A little roll of tobacco. 5. Manner of twist- 
ing. 6. A twig ; [oZ»5.] 

TWIST'ED, pp. Formed by winding threads or strands 
round each other. 

TWIST'ER, n. 1. One that twists. 2. The instrument of 
twisting. 

TWIST'ING, ppr. Winding different strands or threads 
round each other ; forming into a thread by twisting. 

TWIT, V. t. [Sax. othwitan, edwitan,(Btwitan.] To reproach ; 
to upbraid, as for some previous act. 

TWITCH, V. t. [Sax. twiedan.] To pull with a sudden 
jerk ; to pluck with a short, quick motion ; to snatch. 

TWITCH, 77. 1. A pull with a jerk; a short, sudden, quick 
pull. 2. A short, spasmodic contraction of the fibres or 
muscles. 

TWITCHED, pp. Pulled with a jerk. 

TWITCH'ER, 77. One that twitches. 

TWITCH '-GRASS, n. Couch-grass ; a species of grass 
which it is difficult to exterminate. 

TWITCH'ING, ppr. Pulling with a jerk; suffering short 
spasmodic contractions. 

TWIT'TED, pp. Upbraided. 

TWIT'TER, V. t. [D. kwetteren ; Dan. quidrer ; Sw. quit- 
tra.] 1. To make a succession of small, tremulous, inter- 
mitted noises. 2. To make the sound of a half-suppressed 
laugh. 

TWIT'TER, 77. One who twits or reproaches. 

TWIT'TER, 77. A small, intermitted noise, as in half-sup- 
pressed laughter ; or the sound of a swallow. 

TWIT'TER-ING, ppr. Uttering a succession of small, in- 
terrupted sounds, as in a half-suppressed laugh. 

TWIT'TING, ppr. Upbraiding ; reproaching. 

TWIT'TING-LY, adv. With upbraiding. Junius. 

TWIT'TLE-TWAT-TLE, 77. Tattle; gabble. [Vulgar.] 

’TWIXT, a contraction of betwixt ,• used in poetry. 

TWO, (too) a. [^ax.fwa ; Goth, twa, twai, twos ; D. twee; 
G. iwci ; Sw. tva ; Ir., Gaelic, da, or do; Russ, tva, 
tvoe.] 1. One and one.— 2. Two is used in composition ; 
as in *7/5(7-legged. 

TWO'-CAP-SuLED, a. Bicapsular. 

TWO'-CELLED, a. Bilocular. 

TWO'-CT.EFT, a. Bifid. 

TWO'-EDGED, a. Having two edges. 

TWO'-FLOW-ERED, a. Bearing two flowers at the end. 

TWO'FoLD, a. 1. Two of the same kind, or two differ- 
ent things existing together. 2. Double. — 3. In botany, 
two and two together, growin g from the same place. 

TWO'FoLD, adv. Doubly ; in a double degree. Matt, xxiii 

TWO'-FORKED, a. Dichotomous. 


* Sec Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, 


long.- 


-FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


UBI 


8G5 


ULC 


TW5'-HAND-ED, a. Having two hands ; an epithet used 
as equivalent to large, stout, and strong, Milton. 

TWO'-LeAVED, a. Diphyllous. 

TVVO'-LoBED, a, Bilobate. 

TW5'-PART-ED, a. Bipartite. 

^TWO'-PENCE, (too’-pens, 07* tup'pens) 71. A small coin. 
Shak. 

TWO'-PET-ALED, a. Dipetalous. 

TWO'-SEED-ED, a. In botany, dispermous j containing 
two seeds, as a fruit 5 having two seeds to a flower, as a 
plant. 

TWO'-TIPPED, a. Bilabiate. 

TWo'-ToNGUED, a. Double-tongued; deceitful. Sandys. 

TWO'-VALVED, a. Bivalvular, as a shell, pod or glume. 

TyE, V . t . [See Tie, the more usual ortliography, and Ty- 
^NG.] To bind or fasten. 

TYE, n. 1. A knot ; [see Tie.] 2. A bond ; an obligation. 
—3. In ships, a runner, or short, thick rope. 

Ty'ER, 71. One who ties or unites. Fletcher. 

Ty^GER. See Tiger. 

TY-HEE'. See Tehee. 

TYTNG, ppr. [See Tie and Tve.] Binding; fastening. 

TYKE, 71. A dog ; or one as contemptible as a dog. Shak. 

TYM'BAL, 77. [Fr. tiynbale.'] A kind of kettle-drum. 

TYMTAN, 77. [L. tympanum.'] 1. A drum; hence, the 
barrel or hollow part of the ear behind the membrane of 
the tympanum. 2. The area of a pediment ; also, the 
part of a pedestal called the trunk, or dye. 3. The pannel 
of a door. 4. A triangular space or table in the corners or 
sides of an arcli, usually enriched with figures. — 5. Among 
printers, a frame covered with parchment or cloth, on 
which the blank sheets are put in order to be laid on the 
form to be impressed. 

TYMTAN-ITES, n. In medicine, a flatulent distention of 
the belly ; wind dropsy ; tympany. Cyc. 

TYMTAN-IZE, v. i. To act the part of a drummer. 

TYM'PAN-iZE, V . t . To stretch, as a skin over the head of 
a drum. 

TYMTA-NLTM, n. ]. The drum of the ear. — 2. In mechan- 
ics, a wheel placed round an axis. Cyc. 

TYM'PA-NY, 77. A flatulent distention of the belly. 

TYN'Y, a. Small. See Tiny. 

TYPE, 77. [Fr. type ; L. typus ,* Gr. tuttoj.] 1. The mark 
of something ; an emblem ; that which represents some- 
thing else. 2. A sign ; a symbol ; a figure of something 
to come. 3. A model or form of a letter in metal or other 
hard material ; used in printing. — 4. In medicine, the form 
or character of a disease, in regard to the intension and 
remission of fevers, pulses, &c. ; the regular progress of a 
fever. — 5. In natural history, a general form, such as is 
common to the species of a genus, or the individuals of a 
species. 6. A stamp or mark. Shak. 

TYPE, V . t . To prefigure ; to represent by a model or sym- 
bol beforehand. ^Little used.] White. 

TYPE'-MET-AL, n. A compound of lead and antimony, 
with a small quantity of copper or brass. 

TY'PHOID, a. [typhus, and Gr. a<5oj, form.] Resembling 
typhus ; weak ; low. Say. 

TY'PIIUS, a. [from Gr. ru0o).] A typ/iMs disease or fever 
is accomijanied with great debility. The word is some- 
times used as a noun. 

TYPT€, ) a. Emblematic ; figurative ; representing 

TYP'I-Gx\L, ) something future by a form, model or re- 


sem tmce.—Typic fever is one that is regular in its at- 
tacks. Cyc. 

TYPT-GAL-LY, adv. In a typical manner ; by way of im- 
age, symbol or resemblance. 


TYP'I-GAL-NESS, 77. The state of being typical. 

TYFl-FiED, jfp. Represented by symbol or emblem. 

P'I-Fy, V . t . To represent by an image, form, model or 
resemblance. Brown. 

TYPT-FY-ING, ppr. Representing by model or emblem. 

TYP O-GOS-MY, 77. [Gr. Tvn os and Koauog.] A representa- 
tion of tlie world. [jVot much ttsed.] Camden. 

TY-POG'Rx\-PHER, n. A printer. Warton. 

Ty-PO-GRAPIFIG, \ a. 1. Pertaining to printing. 2. 

-•*'TY-PO-GRAPH'I-GAL, \ Emblematic. 

TY-PO-GRAPH'I-GAL-LY, adv. 1. By means of types ; 
after the manner of printers. 2. Emblematically ; figura- 
tively. 


Ty-POG'RA-PHY, 77. [Gr. tvttos and ypa ^ w .] 1 . The art of 
printing, or the operation of impressing letters and words 
on forms of types. 2. Emblematical or hieroglyphic rep- 
resentation. 

TYP'O-LITE, 77. [Gr. rvnos and Xi0oj.] In natural history, 
a stone or fossil which has on it impressions or figures of 
plants and animals. 

fTY'RAN, 77. A tyrant. Spenser. 

TYR'AN-NESS, n. A female tyrant. Akenside. 

TY-RAN'NIG, i a. [Fr. tyrannique.] Pertaining to a 

TY-RAN'NI-GAL, J tyrant ; suiting a tyrant ; arbitrary ; 
unjustly severe in government ; imperious ; despotic ; 
cruel. 

T Y-RAN'NI-GAL-LY, adv. With unjust exercise of power ; 
arbitrarily ; oppressively. 

TY-RAN'NI-GAL-NESS, 77. Tyrannical disposition or prac- 
tice. C/7. Relig. Appeal. 

TY-RAN'NI-CIDE, 77. [L. tyramms and ccedo.] 1. The act 
of killing a tyrant. 2. One who kills a tyrant. 

t TYR/AN-NING, ppr. or a. Acting as a tyrant. Spenser. 

TYR'AN-NiZE, 7j. 7. [Fr. tyranniser.] To act the tyrant ; 
to exercise arbitrary power; to rule with unjust and op- 
j)ressive severity. 

TYR'AN-NOUS, a. Tyrannical ; arbitrary ; unjustly se- 
vere ; despotic. Sidney. 

TYR'AN-NY, n. [Fr. tyrajinie.] 1. Arbitrary or despotic 
exercise of power ; the exercise of power over subjects 
and others with a rigor not authorized by law or justice, 
or not requisite for the purposes of government. Hence, * 
tyranny is often synonymous with cruelty and oppression. 

2. Cruel government or discipline. 3. Unresisted and 
cruel power. 4. Absolute monarchy cruelly administered. 

5. Severity ; rigor ; inclemency. 


TY'RANT, 77. [1^. tyrannus ; Gr. Tvpavvos.] 1. A monarch 
or other ruler or master, who uses power to oppress his 
subjects ; a person who exercises unlawful authority, or 
lawful authority in an unlawful manner. 2. A despotic 
ruler ; a cruel master ; an oppressor. 

TYRE. [See Tire.] Ilakewill. 

TYRE, V . i . To prey upon. See Tire. 

Ty'RO, 77. A beginner. Sec Tiro. 

TYTHE. See Tithe. 

TYTIFING. See Tithing. 

TZAR, 77. The emperor of Russia. 

TZAR-1'NA, 77. The empress of Russia. 





U is the twenty-first letter and the fifth vowel in the 
English Alphabet. The first, or long and proper sound 
of u, in English, is now not perfectly simple, and it can- 
not be strictly called a vowel. The sound seems to be 
nearly that of eu, shortened and blended. This sound, 
however, is not precisely that of eu, or yu, except in a few 
words, as in unite, union, uniform ; the sound does not 
begin with the distinct sound of e, nor end in the distinct 
sound of 00 , unless when prolonged. It cannot be well 
expressed in letters. This sound is heard in the unaf- 
fected pronunciation of annuity, numerate, brute, mute, 
dispute, duke.— In some words, as in bull, full, pull, the 
sound of u is that of the Italian u, the French ou, but , 
shortened. Tliis is a vowel.— U has another short sound, 
as in tun, run, sun, turn, rub. This, also, is a vote el. 
U'BER-OUS, a. [L. uher.] Fruitful ; copious. [Little 
1 

U/BER-TY,77. [L. uhertas.] Abundance; fruitfulness. 
U-BI-Ga'TION, 1 77. [L. «&7, where.] The state of being in 
U-BT'E-TY, i a place ; local relation. [Littleused.] 
U-Bia'UI-TA-RI-NESS, n. Existence every where. [Little 
used.] 

* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— < 

55 


U-Bia'UI-TA-RY, (yu-bik'we-ter-ry) a. [L. ubique, from 
ubi.] Existing every where, or in all places. Howell. 
U-Bia'UI-TA-RY, 72. One that exists every where. 
U-Bia'UI-TY, (yu-bik'we-ty) n. [L. ubique.] Existence in 
all places or every where at the same time ; omnipresence. 
South. 

UD'DER, 77. [Sax. uder ; G. cuter.] Thebreastof a female ; 
blit the word is applied chiefly or wholly to the glandular or- 
yan of female beasts, in which the milk is secreted. 
UD'DE'r'ED, a. Furnished with udders. Gay. 

UG'LI-LY, adv. In an ugly manner; with deformity. 
UG'LI-NESS, 72. 1. Total want of beauty ; deformity of 
person. 2. Turpitude of mind; moral depravity ; loath- 
someness. 

UG'LY, a. [W. hag, hagyr.] Deformed ; oflensive to the 
sight ; contrary to beauty ; hateful. 

U-KaSE', 77. In Russia, a proclamation or imperial order 

published. ... 

IFI..ANS, 77. A certain description of militia among the 

modern Tartars. Jones. 

UL'CER, 77. [Fr. wZccre; It. ulcer a ; L. ulcus.] A sore ; a 
solution of continuity in any of the soft parts of the body, 

as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; Cfl as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


UMB 866 UNA 


attended with a secretion of pus, or some kind of dis- 
charge. 

' UL'CEll-ATE, V. i. To be formed into an ulcer j to become 
ulcerous. 

UL'CER-ATE, v. t. [Fr. ulcerer ; L. ulccro,] To affect 
with an ulcer or with ulcers. Harvey, 

UL'CER-A-TED, jrp. AflTected with ulcers. 
UL'CER-A-TING, ppr. Turning to an ulcer j generating 
ulcers# 

UL-CER-a'TION, n. [Fr. ; L. ulceraUo.] 1 . The process 
of forming into an ulcer ; or the process of becoming ul- 
cerous. 2 . An ulcer j a morbid sore that discharges pus 
or other ffuid. 

UL^CERED, a. Having become an ulcer. Temple. 
UL'CER-OUS, a. 1 . Having the nature or character of an 
ulcer ; discharging purulent or other matter. 2 . Affected 
with an ulcer or with ulcers. 

UL'CER-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being ulcerous. 
UL' 0 US-LE, n. [L. %dcusculum,'\ A little ulcer. 
ULE'-TREE, n. In botany^ the castilla, a genus of trees. 
U-LIG'IN-OUS, a. [L. uliginostts.] Muddy ; oozy ; slimy. 
UL'LAOE, n. In commerce^ the wantage of casks of liquor, 
or what a cask wants of being full. Cyc. 

UL'MIiY, 71 . [L. ulnius, elm.] A substance obtained from 
the elm-tree, of very singular properties. 

UL'NAOE. See Alnage, Aunage. 

UL'NAR, a. [L. ulna.] Pertaining to the tibia, or cubit. 
UL-Te'RI-OR, a. [L. comparative.] 1 . Further. — 2 . In 
geography, being or situated beyond or on the further 
side of any line or boundary. 

UL'Tl-MATE, a. [L. «Zth?i«*-.] 1 . Furthest ; most remote ; 
extreme. 2 . Final ; being that to which all the rest is di- 
rected, as to the main object. 3 . Last in a train of con- 
sequences ; intended in the last resort. 4 . Last ; termi- 
nating ; being at the furthest point. 5 . The last into 
which a substance can be resolved ; constituent. Darwin. 
UL'TI-MATE-LY, ado. Finally 5 at last ; in the end. 
UL-TI-Ma'TUM, 11. [L.] 1 . In diplomacy, the final propo- 
sitions, conditions or terms offered as the basis of a treaty ; 
the most favorable terms that a negotiator can offer. 2. 
Any final proposition or condition. 

UL-TIM' 1 -TY, n. The last stage or consequence. [L. 77.] 
UL-TRA-MA-R'INE', a. [L. ultra and marinus.] Situated 
or being beyond the sea. Ainsworth. 
UL-TRA-MA-RiNE', n. 1 . A beautiful and durable sky- 
blue ; a color formed of the mineral called lapis lazuli. 2 . 
Azure-stone. 

UL-TRA-MON'TANE, a. [Fr. ; L. ultra and montanus .] 
Being beyond the mountain. Cyc. 

UL-TRA-MUi\'DANE, a. [L. ultra and mtindus.] Being 
beyond the world, or beyond the limits of our system, 
t UL-TRo'NE-OUS, a. \lj. ultro.] Spontaneous ; voluntary. 
UL'LT-LATE, v. i. [L. ululo.] To howl, as a dog or wolf. 
Herbert. 

UL-U-La'TION, n. A howling, as of the w'olf or dog. 
UIVFBEL, n. [L. umbella.] In botany, a particular mode of 
inflorescence or flowering. 

UM'BEL-LAR, a. Pertaining to an umbel j having the form 
of an umbel. 

UM'BEL-LATE, ) a. Bearing umbels ; consisting of an 
UM'BEL-LA-TED, J umbel ; growing on an umbel. 
UMTEL-LET, ) n. A little or partial umbel. Mar- 
UM-BEL'LI-€LE, \ tyn. 

UM-BEL-LIF/ER-OUS, a. [L. umbella and fero.] Produ- 
cing the inflorescence called an umbel ; bearing umbels. 
UM'BER, n. In natural history, an ore of iron, a fossil of a 
brown, yellowish, or blackish-brown color. 

UM'BER, 11. A fowl of Africa, called the African crow. 
UM'BER, n. A fish of the truttaceous kind. 

UM'BER, V. t. To color with umber ; to shade or darken. 
UM'BERED, a. [L. umbra.] I. Shaded j clouded. Shak. 

2. [from umber.] Painted with umber. 

UM-BIL'I 0 , n. The navel j the centre. Herbert. 
UM-BIL'IC, I a. [L. umbilicus.] Pertaining to the na- 
UM-BIL'I-€AL, \ vel. 

UM-BIL'I-€ATE, ) a. Navel-shaped : formed intliemid- 
UM-BIL' 1 - 0 A-TED, | die like a navel. 

UM’BLES, n. [Fr.] The entrails of a deer. Diet. 

UM BO, n. [L.J The boss or protuberant part of a shield. 
UM-BoL'Dl-LlTE, n. A Vesuvian mineral. 

UM'BRA, n. A fish caught in the Mediterranean. 
UM'BRAOE, n. [Fr. ombrage ; L. umbra.] ]. A shade ; a 
skreen of trees. Milton. 2. Shadow ; shade ; slight ap- 
pearance 3 [t>Z>5.] 3 . Suspicion of injury ; offense 3 resent- 
ment. 

UM-BRa'( 5 EOUS, a. \¥r. ombrageux.] 1 . Shading 3 form- 
ing a shade. 2 . Shady 3 shaded. 3 . Obscure. 
UM-BRa'(jEOUS-NESS, n. Shadiness. Raleigh. 
UM'BRATE, V. t. [L. umbro.] To shade 3 to shadow. 
UM'BRA-TED, p;7. Shaded 3 shadowed. 

UM-BRAT'I€T, )a. [Lt.umbraLicus.] 1 . Shadowy3typ- 
UM-BllAT'I-CAL, ) ical. 2 . Keeping in the shade or at 
home. 

* UM'BRA-TILE, a. [L. umbratilis.] 1 . Being in the shade. 


2 . Unreal 3 unsubstantial. 3 . Being in retirement 3 se- 
cluded 3 [little used.] 

UM-BRa'TIOUS, a. Suspicious 3 apt to distrust 3 captious 3 
disposed to take umbrage. [Littleused.] 

UM'BREL, ) n. [from L. umbra.] A shade, skreen or 
UM-BREL'LA, ^ guard, carried in the hand for shelter- 
ing the person from the rays of the sun, or from rain or 
snow. 

UM-BRIeRE', (um-breer') n. The visor of a helmet. Spenser. 
UM-BROS'I-TY, 7t. [L. Shadiness. [Littleused.] 

UJM'PI-RAGE, n [from umpire.] I. The power, right or 
authority of an umpire to decide. Presidents Message, 
Oct. 1803 . 2 . The decision of an umpire. 

UM'PIRE, n. [Norm, impere / L. imperium.] 1 . A third 
person called in to decide a controversy or question sub- 
mitted to arbitrators, when the arbitrators do not agree in 
opinion. 2 . A person to whose sole decision a controver- 
sy or question between parties is referred. 

UM'PIRE, V. t. To arbitrate 3 to decide as umpire 3 to set- 
tle, as a dispute. [Little used.] Bacon. 

UN, a prefix or inseparable preposition. Sax. un or on, usu- 
ally un, G. un, D. on. Sans, an, is the same word as the 
L. in. It is a particle of negation, giving to words to 
which it is prefixed a negative signification. We use un 
or in indifferently for this purpose 3 and the tendency of 
modern usage is to prefer the use of in, in some words, 
where un was formerly used. Un admits of no change of 
71 into I, m or r, as in does, in illuminate, immense, irreso- 
lute. It is prefixed generally to adjectives and partici- 
ples, and almost at pleasure. 

UN-A-BaS'ED, a. Not abased 3 not humbled. 
UN-A-BASH'ED, a. Not abashed 3 not confused with 
shame, or by modesty. Pope. 

UN-A-BaT'ED, a. Not abated 3 not diminished in strength 
or violence 3 as, the fever remains unabated. 

UN-AB-BRe' VI-A-TED, a. Not abbreviated 3 not shortened. 
UN-A-BET'TED, a. Not abetted 3 not aided, 
t UN-A-BIL'I-TY, or f UN-a'BLE-NESS, n. Want of abil- 
ity. We use inability. 

UN-AB-JuR'ED, a. Not abjured 3 not renounced on oath. 
UN-a'BLE, a. 1 . Not able 3 not having sufficient strength 
or means 3 impotent 3 weak in power, or poor in sub- 
stance. 2 . Not having adequate knowledge or skill. 
UN-A-BOL'ISH-A-BLE, a. Not abolishable 3 that may not 
be abolished, annulled or destroyed. Milton. 
UN-A-EOL'ISHED, a. Not abolished 3 not repealed or an- 
nulled 3 remaining in force. Hooker. 

UN-A-BRIDG'ED, a. Not abridged 3 not shortened. 
UN-AB'RO-GA-TED, a. Not abrogated 3 not annulled. 
UN-AB-SOLV'ED, a. Not absolved 3 not acquitted or for- 
given. 

UN-AB-SORB'A-BLE, a. Not absorbable 3 not capable of 
being absorbed. Davy. 

UN-AB-SORB'ED, a. Not absorbed 3 not imbibed. Davy. 
UN^-A€-CEL'ER-A-TED, a. Not accelerated 3 not hastened. 
UN-iiG-CENT'ED, a. Not accented 3 having no accent. 
UN-A€-CEPT'A-BLE, a. Not acceptable 3 not pleasing 3 
not welcome 3 not such as will be received with pleasure. 
UN-AG-CEPT'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of not pleasing. 
UN-A€-CEPT'A-BLY, ado. In an unwelcome or unpleas- 
ing manner. 

UN-A€-CEPT'ED, a. Not accepted or received 5 rejected 3 

t UN-AG-CESS'I-BLE, a. Inaccessible. 
UN-A€-CESS'I-BLE-NESS, ti. State of not being approach- 
able 3 inaccessibleness. 

UN-A€-€OM'MO-DA-TED, a. 1 . Not accommodated 3 not 
furnished with external conveniences. 2 . Not fitted or 
adapted. 

UN-Ae-€OM'MO-DA-TING, a. Not accommodating 3 not 
ready to oblige 3 uncompliant. 

UN-A€-€ 6 M'PA-N 1 ED, a. I. Not attended 3 having no 
attendants, companions or followers. 2 . Having no ap- 
pendages. 

UN-A€-€OM'PLISHED, a. 1 . Not accomplished 3 not fin- 
ished ; incomplete. 2 . Not refined in manners 3 not fur- 
nished with elegant literature. 
UN-A€-€OM'PLISH-MENT, n. Want of accomplishment 
or execution. ,Milton. 

UN-A€-€ORD'lNG, a. Not according 3 not agreeing. 
UN-A€-€OUNT-A-BTL'I-TY, n. The state or quality of 
not being accountable 3 or the state of being unaccounta- 
ble for. Swift. 

UN-x\€-€OUNT'A-BLE, a. 1 . Not to be accounted for. 2 . 
Not explicable 3 not to be solved by reason or the light 
possessed 3 not reducible to rule. 3 . Not subject to ac- 
count or control 3 not subject to answer 3 not responsible. 
UN-A€-€OUNT'A-BLE-NESS, n. 1 . Strangeness. 2 . Ir- 
responsibility. 

UN-AG-€OUNT'A-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be ex 
plained 5 strangely. Addison. 

UN-A€-€RED'IT-ED, a. Not accredited 3 not received 
not authorized. 

UN-AG'€U-RATE, a. Inaccurate 3 not correct or exact. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, o, u, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 5— j Obsolete. 


UNA 


867 UNA 


UN-A€/€U-RATE-NESS, n. Want of correctness. 

UjV-A€-€uS'ED, a. Not accused ; not charged with a crime 
or fault. 

UN-AE-CUS*TOMED, a. 1. Not accustomed ; not used 3 
not made familiar 5 not habituated. 2. New j not usual 3 
not made familiar. Watts. 

UN-A-CHIkV'A-BLE, a. That cannot be done. 

UN-A-CHIeV^^ED, a. Not achieved j not accomplished or 
peiTorrned. 

UN-aEHTNG, a. Not aching 3 not feeling pain. 

UN-AC-KNOWL'EDGED, a. 1. Not acknowledged 3 not 
recognized. 2. Not owned 3 not confessed ; not avowed. 

UN-AG-CIUaINT^VNCE, n. Want of acquaintance or fa- 
miliarity 3 want of knowledge 3 followed by with. 

UN-AE-CIUaJNT'EI), a. 1. Not well known 3 unusual 3 
[oZ>5.] 2. Not having familiar knowledge 3 followed by 
with. 

UN-A€-Q,UaINT'ED-NESS, n. Want of acquaintance. 

UN-A€l-Q,UiR'ED, a. Not acquired 3 not gained. 

UN-Atl-ClUlT'TED, a. Not acquitted 3 not declared inno- 
cent. 

UN-A€T'ED, a. Not acted 5 not performed 3 not executed. 

UN-AGTTVE, a. 1. Not active 3 not brisk. 2. Having no 
employment. 3. Not busy 3 not diligent 3 idle. 4. Hav- 
ing no action or efficacy 3 see Inactive. 

UN-AGT^U-A-TED, a. Not actuated 3 not moved. 

UN-A-DAPT'ED, a. Not adapted 3 not suited. Mitford. 

UN-AD-DIGT'El), a. Not addicted 3 not given or devoted. 

UN-AD-JUDG'ED, a. Not adjudged 5 not judicially decided. 

UN-/VD-JUST'ED, a. 1. Not adjusted 3 not settled 3 not reg- 
ulated. 2. Not settled 3 not liquidated. 

UN-AD-MINTS-TERED, a. Not administered. 

UN-AD-MIR'ED, a. Not admired 3 not regarded with great 
affection or respect. Pope. 

UN-AD-MiR'ING, a. Not admiring. 

UN-AD-MON*ISHED, a. Not admonished 3 not cautioned, 
warned or advised. Milton. 

UN-A-DOPT'ED, a. Not adopted 3 not received as one’s 
own. 

UN-A-DoR'ED, a. Not adored 3 not worshiped. 

UN-A-DORN'ED, a. Not adorned 3 not decorated 3 not em- 
bellished. Milton. 

UN-A-DUL'TER-A-TED, a. Not adulterated 3 genuine 3 
pure. 

UN-A-DUL'TER-OUS, a. Not guilty of adultery. 

UN-A-DUL'TER-OUS-LY, ado. Without being guilty of 
adultery. 

UN-AD-VENT^UR-OUS, a. Not adventurous 3 not bold. 

UN-AD- VIS'A-BLE, a. Not advisable 3 not to be recom- 
mended 5 not expedient 3 not prudent. 

UN-AD-VIS'ED, a. 1 . Not prudent 3 not discreet. Shale. 2. 
Done wijthout due consideration 3 rash. Shale. 

UN-AD-ViS'ED-LY, ado. Imprudently 3 indiscreetly 3 rash- 
ly 3 without due consideration. Hooker. 

UN-AD-VIS'ED-NESS, n. Imprudence 3 rashness. 

UN-a'ER-A-TED, a. Not combined with carbonic acid. 

UN-AFTA-BLE, a. Not affable 5 not free to converse. 

UN-AF-FEGT'ED, a. 1. Not affected 5 plain 3 natural 3 not 
labored or artificial 3 simple. 2. Real ; not hypocritical 3 
sincere. 3. Not moved 3 not having the heart or passions 
touched. 

UN-AF-FEGT'ED-LY, ado. Really 3 in sincerity 5 without 
disguise 3 without attempting to produce false appear- 
ances. 

* TJN-AF-FEGTTNG, a. Not pathetic 3 not adapted to move 
the passions. 

UN-AF-FEG'TION-ATE, a. Not affectionate 3 wanting af- 
fection . 

UN-AF-FiRM'ED, a. Not affirmed 3 not confirmed. 

UN-AF-FLIGT'ED, a. Not afflicted 3 free from trouble. 

UN-AF-FRTGHT'ED, a. Not frightened. 

UN- AG'GRA-VA-TED, a. Not aggravated. 

UN-AG'I-TA-TED, a. Not agitated 3 calm. 

UN-A-GREE'A-BLE, a. Not consistent 3 unsuitable. Milton. 

UN-A-GREE'A-BLE-NESS, n. Unsuitableness 3 inconsist- 
ency with. Decay of Piety. 

t UN-aID'A-BLE, a. Not to be aided or assisted. 

UN-aID'ED, a. Not aided 5 not assisted. Blackmore. 

UN-aIM'ING, a. Having no particular aim or direction. 

UN-A-LARM'ED, a. Not alarmed 3 not disturbed with fear. 

UN-aL'IEN-A-BLE, (un-ale'yen-a-bl) a. Not alienable 3 that 
cannot be alienated 3 that may not be transferred. 

UN-aL'IEN-A-BLY, ado. In a manner that admits of no 
alienation 3 as, property unalienably vested. 

UN-aL'IEN-A-TED, a. Not alienated 3 not transferred. 

UN-y\L-LAY'ED, a. 1. Not allayed 3 not appeased or qui- 
eted. 2. Yox unalloyed [see Uxalloyed.] 

UN-AL-Le'VI-A-TED, a. Not alleviated 5 not mitigated. 

UN-AL-LBA-BLE, a. That cannot be allied or connected 
in amity. 

UN-AL-LI'ED, a. 1. Having no alliance or connection, 
either by nature, marriage or treaty. 2. Having no pow- 
erful relation. 

UN-AL-LOW'ED, a. Not allowed 3 not permitted. 


* See Synopsis. 


UN-AL-LOY'ED, a. Not alloyed 3 not reduced by foreign 
admixture. Mitford. 

UN-AL-LuIl'ED, a. Not allured 3 not enticed. 

UN-AL-LuR'ING, a. Not alluring 5 not tempting. Mitford. 

UN-ALMS'ED, (un-ilmzd/) a. Not having received alms. 

UN-AL'TER-A-BLE, a. Not alterable 3 unchangeable 3 im- 
mutable. South. 

UN-AL'TER-A-BLE-NESS, n. Unchangeableness 3 immu- 
tability. Woodward. 

UN-AL'TER-A-BLY, ado. Unchangeably 3 immutably. 

UN-AL'TERED, a. Not altered or changed. Dryden. 

UN-A-]MaZ'ED, a. Not amazed 3 free from astonishment. 

UN-AM-BIG'U-OUS, a. Not ambiguous 3 not of doubtful 
meaning ; plain 5 clear 3 certain. Chesterfield. 

UN-AM-BIG'U-OUS-LY, ado. In a clear, explicit manner. 

UxV-AM-BfGTJ-OUS-NESS, w. Glearness 5 explicitness. 

UN-AM-BB'TIOUS, a. 1. Not ambitious 5 free from ambi- 
tion. 2. Not affecting show 3 not showy or prominent. 

UN-AM-BT"TIOUfc5-NEl5S, n. Freedom from ambition. 

UN-A-MEND'A-BliE, a. Not capable of emendation. 

UN-A-MEND'ED, a. Not amended 5 not rectified. 

UN-a'MI-A-BLE, a. Not amiable 3 not conciliating love 5 
not adapted to gain affection. Spectator. 

UN-a'M 1-A-BLE-NESS, 71. Want of amiableness. 

UN- A-Mu.'^'ED, a. Not amused 3 not entertained. 

UN-A-MuS'lNG, a. Not amusing 3 not affording entertain- 
ment. 

UN-A-Mu'SIVE, a. Not affording amusement. 

UN-AN-A-LOG'I-GAL, a. Not analogical. 

UN-A-NAIi'O-GOUS, a. Not analogous 3 not agreeable to. 

UN-AN'AL-YZED, a. Not analyzed 3 not resolved into sim- 
ple parts. Boyle. 

UN-AN'GHORED, a. Not anchored 3 not moored. 

UN-A-NkL'ED, a. Not having received extreme unction. 

UN-AN'GU-LiAR, a. Having no angles. Good. 

UN-ANT-MAL-iZED, a. Not formed into animal matter. 

UN-ANT-MA-TED, a. 1. Not animated 3 not possessed of 
life. 2. Not enlivened 5 not having spirit 3 dull. 

UN-AN'I-MA-TING, a. Not animating 5 dull. 

U-NA-NIM'I-TY, n. [Fr.unanindte.] Agreement of a num- 
ber of persons in opinion or determination. 

U-NAN I-MOUS, a. 1. Being of one mind 3 agreeing in 
opinion or determination. 2. Formed by unanimity. 

U-IVAN'I-RIOUS-LY, ado. With entire agreement of minds. 

U-NANff-MOUS-NESt5, n. I. The state of being of one 
mind. 2^ Proceeding from unanimity. 

UN-AN-NeAL'ED, a. Not annealed 3 not tempered by 
heat 3 suddenly cooled. 

UN-AN-NEX'EU, a. Not annexed 5 not joined. 

UN-AN-NOY'ED, a. Not annoyed or incommoded. 

UN-AN-OINT'ED, e. 1. Not anointed. 2. Not having re- 
ceived extreme unction. Shak. 

UN-AN'SWER-A-BLE, a. Not to be satisfactorily answer- 
ed 5 not capable of refutation. 

UN-AN 'SWER-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being unan- 
swerable. 

UN-AN'SWER-A-BLY, ado. In a manner not to be an- 
swered 3 beyond refutation. Soiith. 

UN-AN'S WERE!), a. 1. Not answered 5 not opposed by a 
replv. 2. Not refuted. 3. Not suitably returned. 

UN-A-POG'RY-PHAL, a. Not apocryphal 3 not qf doubtful 
autliority. Milton. 

UN-AP-PALL'ED, a. Not appalled 3 not daunted 3 not iin 
pressed with fear. S)uith. 

UN- AP-PAR'EUED, a. Not appareled 3 not clothed. 

UN-AP-PaR'ENT, a. Not apparent 3 obscure 3 not visible. 

UN-AP-Pl7:AL'A-BLE,fl. Not appealable 3 admitting no ap- 
peal 3 that cannot be carried to a higher court by appeal. 

UN-AP-Pir.AS'A-BLE, a. 1. Not to be appeased or pacified. 
2. Not placable. 

UN-AP-PkAS'ED, a. Not appeased 3 not pacified. 

UN-AP-PIa'A-BIjE, a. Inapplicable. [Little used.] Milton. 

UN-AP'PLl-GA-BLE, a. Inapplicable 3 that cannot be ap- 
plied. 

UN-AP-PLT'ED, a. Not applied 3 not used according to the 
destination. 

UN-AP'PO-?lTE, a. Not apposite 3 not suitable. 

UN-AP-PRe'CIA-TED, a. Not duly estimated or valued. 

UN-AP-PRE-HEND'ED, a. 1. Not apprehended 3 not taken. 
2. Not understood. Hooker. 

UN-AP-PRE-HENS'I-BLE, a. Not capable of being under- 
stood . 

UN-AP-PRE-tlENS'IVE, a. 1. Not apprehensive 5 not fear- 
ful or suspecting. 2. Not intelligent 3 not ready of con- 
ception. 

UN-AP-PRIS'ED, a. Not apprised 3 not previously in- 
formed. , , , 

UN-AP-PRoACII'A-BLE, a. That cannot be approached 3 

i n &cc0^sil)l 0 • 

UN-AP-PRoACFI'A-BLE-NESS, n. Inaccessibleness. 

UN-AP-PRdACIl'ED, a. Not approached 3 not to be ap- 
proached. Milton. . ^ j 

UN-AP-PRd'PRI-A-TED, a. 1. Not appropriated 3 not ap- 
plied or directed to be applied to any specific object. 2 


MOVE, BOQK, D6VE 3— BULL, UNITE.— G as K 


G as 


J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this. ^Obsolete 


UNA 8G8 IINB 


Not granted or given to any person, company or corpora- 
tion. 

UN-AP-PR5V'ED, a. Not approved j not having received 
approbation. Milton. 

UN-APT', a. 1. Not apt j not ready or propense. 2. Dull ; 
not ready to learn. 3. Unfit , not qualified j not disposed. 
4. Improper ; unsuitable. 

UN-APT'LY, ado. Unfitly ; improperly. Grew. 

UN-APT'NESS, 71. 1. Unfitness ; unsuitableness. 2. Dull- 
ness ; want of quick apprehension. 3. Unreadiness j dis- 
qualification ; want of propension. 

UN-aR'GUED, a. 1. Not argued ; not debated. 2. Not dis- 
puted ; not opposed by argument. 3. Not censured ; a 
Latinism ; [o6s.] 

t UN-ARM', V. t. To disarm ; to strip of armor or arms. 

UN-aRM'ED, a. 1. Not having on arms or armor; not 
equipped. 2. Not furnished with scales, prickles or other 
defense, as animals and plants. 

UN-AR-RaIGN'ED, (un-ar-rand') a. Not arraigned; not 
brought to trial. Daniel. 

UN-AR-RaNG'ED, a. Not arranged ; not disposed in order. 

UN-AR-RaY'ED, a. 1. Not arrayed ; not dressed. Dryden. 
2. Not disposed in order. 

UN-AR-RTV'ED, a. Not arrived. [Ill formed.] Young. 

t UN-aRT<ED, a. Ignorant of the arts. Waterhouse. 

UN-ART'FUL, a. 1. Not artful ; artless; not having cun- 
ning. Dryden. 2. Wanting skill ; [little used.] Cheyne. 

UN-ART'FUL-LY, ado. Without art ; in an unartful man- 
ner. 

UN-AR-TI€'U-LA-TED, a. Not articulated. Encyc. 

UN-AR-TI-FI''CIAL, a. Not artificial ; not formed by art. 

UN-AR-TI-Fi"CIAL-LY, ado. Not with art ; in a manner 
contrary to art. Derham . 

UN-AS-CEND'I-BLE, a. That cannot be ascended. 

UN-AS-CER-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be ascertained, 
or reduced to a certainty. Wheaton^s Rep. 

UN-AS-CER-TaIN'ED, a. Not reduced to a certainty ; not 
certainly known. Hamilton. 

UN-ASK'ED, a. 1. Not asked; unsolicited. 2. Not sought 
by entreaty or care. Dryden. 

UN-AS-PEGT'IVE, a. Not having a view to. Feltham. 

UN-x\S'PI-RA-TED, a. Having no aspirate. Pai-r. 

UN-AS-PiR'ING, a. Not aspiring ; not ambitious. Rogers. 

UN-AS-SaIL'A-BLE, a. Not assailable ; that cannot be as- 
saulted. _SAaA:. 

UN-AS-SaTL'ED, a. Not assailed ; not attacked by vio- 
l0nc0 

UN-AS-SATJLT'ED, a. Not assaulted ; not attacked. 

UN-AS-SXY'ED, a. 1. Not essayed ; not attempted. 2. Not 
subjected to assay or trial. 

UN-AS-SEM'BLED, a. Not assembled or congregated. 

UN-AS-SERT'ED, a. Not asserted ; not affirmed ; not vin- 
dicated. 

UN-AS-SESS'ED, a. Not assessed ; not rated. 

UN-AS-SiGN'A-BLE, a. Not assignable ; that cannot be 
transferred by assignment or indorsement. Jones. 

UN-AS-SiGN'ED, (un-as-sind') a. Not assigned ; not de- 
clared ; not transferred. 

UN-AS-SIM'I-LA-TED, a. 1. Not assimilated ; not made to 
resemble. — 2. In physiology, not formed or converted into 
a like substance ; not animalized, as food. 

UN-AS-SIST'ED, a. Not assisted ; not aided or helped. 

UN-AS-SIST'ING, a. Giving no help. Dryden. 

UN-AS-So'CIA-TED, a. 1. Not associated ; not united with 
a society. — 2. In Connecticut^ not united with an associa- 
tion. 

UN-AS-SORT'ED, a. Not assorted ; not distributed into 
sorts. 

UN-AS-SuM'ING, a. Not assuming ; not bold or forward ; 
not making lofty pretensions ; not arrogant ; modest. 

UN-AS-SCiR'ED, (un-a-shurd') a. 1. Not assured ; not con- 
fident. 2. Not to be trusted. 3. Not insured against loss. 

UN-A-ToN'A-BLE, a. Not to be appeased ; not to be recon- 
ciled. Milton. 

UN-A-T6N'ED, a. Not expiated. Rowe. 

UN-AT-TACH'ED, a. 1. Not attached ; not arrested. 2. 
Not closely adhering ; having no fixed interest. 3. Not 
united by affection. 

UN-AT-TA€K'ED, a. Not attacked ; not assaulted. 

UN-AT-TaIN’A-BLE, a. Not to be gained or obtained. 

UN-AT-TaIN'A-BLE-NESS, 71. The state of being beyond 
the reach or power. Locke. 

UN-AT-TaTNT'ED, a. Not attainted ; not corrupted. 

UN- AT-TEM'PE RED, a. Not tempered by mixture. 

UN-AT-TEMPT'ED, a. Not attempted ; not tried ; not es- 
sayed. 

UN-AT-TEND'ED, a. 1. Not attended ; not accompanied ; 
having no retinue or attendance. 2. Forsaken. 3. Not 
medically attended ; not dressed. 

UN-AT-TEND'ING, a. Not attending or listening ; not be- 
ing attentive. 

UN-AT-TEN'TIVE, a. Not regarding ; inattentive. 

UN-AT-TEST'ED, a. Not attested ; liaving no attestation. 

UN-AT-TIR'ED, a. Not attired ; not adorned. 


UN-AT-TRACT'ED, a. Not attracted ; not affected by at- 
traction. 

UN-AUG-MENT'ED, a. Not augmented or increased ; in 
grammar^ having no augment, or additional syllable. 

UN-AU-TI1EN'TI€, a. Not authentic ; not genuine or true. 

UN-AU-TIIEN'TI-GA-TED, a. Not authenticated; not 
made certain by authority. 

UN-AU'THOR-iZED, a. Not authorized ; not waiTanted by 
proj)er authority ; not duly commissioned. 

UN-A-V aIL'A-BLE, a. Not available; not having suffi- 
cient power to produce the intended effect ; not effectual ; 
vain ; useless. 

UN-A-VaIL'A-BLE-NESS, 77. Inefficacy; uselessness. 

UN-A-VaIL'1NG, a. Not having the effect desired; inef- 
fectual ; useless ; vain. 

UN-A-VENG'ED, a. 1. Not avenged; not having obtained 
satisfaction. 2. Not punished. 

UN-A-VERT'ED, a. Not averted ; not turned away. 

UN-A-VOID'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be made null or 
void. 2. Not avoidable ; not to be shunned ; inevitable. 
3. Not to be missed in ratiocination. 

UN-A-VOID'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being unavoid- 
able ; inevitableness. Glanvilie. 

UN-A-VOID'A-BLY, ado. Inevitably ; in a manner that 
prevents failure or escape. 

UN-A-VOID'ED, a. 1. Not avoided or shunned. 2. Inevi- 
table. 

UN-A-VOW'ED, a. Not avowed ; not acknowledged ; not 
owned ; not confessed. 

UN-A-WaK'ED, \a. 1. Not awakened; not roused 

UN-A-WaK'EN-ED, I from sleep. 2. Not roused from 
spiritual slumber or stupidity. 

UN-A-WARE', a. Without thought ; inattentive. Sioift. 

UN-A-WARE', or UN-A-WARES', ado. 1. Suddenly ; un- 
expectedly ; without previous preparation. 2. Without pre- 
meditated design. — At unawares^ unexpectedly. Dryden. 

UN-AW'ED, a. Not awed ; not restrained by fear ; un- 
daunted. 

UN-BACK'ED, a. 1. Not having been backed. 2. Not tam- 
ed ; not taught to bear a rider. 3. Unsupported ; left with- 
out aid. 

UN-BaK'ED, a. Not baked. 

UN-BAL'ANCED, a. 1. Not balanced ; not poised ; not in 
equipoise. 2. Not adjusted ; not settled ; not brought to 
an equality of debt and credit. 3. Not restrained by equal 
power. 

UN-BAL'LAST, v. i. To free from ballast ; to discharge the 
ballast from. Mar. Diet. 

UN-BAL'LAST-ED, a. 1. Freed from ballast. 2. a. Not 
furnished with ballast ; not kept steady by ballast or by 
weight ; unsteady. 

UN-BAND'ED, a. Stripped of a band ; having no band. 

UN-BAN'NERED, a. Having no banner. Pollok. 

UN-BAP-TiZ'ED, a. Not baptized. Hooker. 

UN-BAR', V. t. To remove a bar or bars from ; to unfasten ; 
to open ; as, to unbar a gate. 

t UN-BARB'ED, a. Not shaven. Shak. 

UN-BARK'ED, a. Stripped of its bark. Bacon. 

UN-BAR'RED, pp. Having its bars removed ; unfastened. 

UN-BAR'RING, ppr. Removing the bars from ; unfastening. 

UN-BASH'FUL, a. Not bashful ; bold ; impudent. 

t UN-BaT'ED, a. Not repressed ; not blunted. 

UN-BaTII'ED, a. Not bathed ; not wet. Dryden. 

UN-BAT'TERED, a. Not battered ; not bruised. 

|UN-BaY', V. t. To open; to free from the restraint of 
mounds. 

UN-BEARD'ED, (un-berd'ed) a. [See *Beard.] Having no 
beard j beardless. 

UN-BEaR'1NG, a. Bearing or producing no fruit. Dryden. 

UN-BeAT'EN, a. 1. Not beaten ; not treated with blows. 
2. Untrod ; not beaten by the feet. 

UN-BEAu'TE-OUS, \ a. Not beautiful; having no beauty. 

UN-BEAu'TI-FUL, \ Hammond. 

t UN-BE-G6ME', v. t. Not to become ; not to be suitable to ; 
to misbecome. Sherlock. 

UN-BE-€6M'1NG, a. Unsuitable; improper for the person 
or character ; indecent ; indecorous. Dryden. 

UN-BE-€6M'ING-LY, ado. In an unsuitable manner ; in- 
decorously. Barrotc. 

UN-BE-€oM'ING-NESS, n. Unsuitableness to the person, 
character or circumstances ; impropriety ; indecorousness. 

UN-BED', u. t. To raise or rouse from bed. Walton. 

UN-BED'DED, pp. Raised from bed ; disturbed. 

UN-BED'DING, ppr. Raising from bed. 

UN-BE-FIT'TING, a. Not befitting; unsuitable; unbecom- 
ing. 

UN-BE-FRIEND'ED, (un-be-frend'ed) a. Not befriended ; 
not supported by friends ; having no friendly aid. 

UN-BE-GET', V. t. To deprive of existence. Dryden. 

UN-BE-GOT', ) a. 1. Not generated; eternal. 2. Not 

UN-BE-GOT'TEN, i yet generated. 3. Not begotten ; 
not generated. 

UN-BE-GUILE', v. t. To undeceive ; to free from the influ- 
ence of deceit. Donne. 


* Sfic Synopsis. A, E, T, o, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — | Obsolete. 


UNB 


l)NB 


8ti9 


UN-BE-GU!L»ED, VP> Undeceived. 

UN-BE-GUN', a Not begun. Hooker. 

UN-BEJdELD', a. Not beheld ; not seen j not visible, 
t UN-Bk'ING, a. Not existing. Brown. 

UN-BE-LIeF', n. [Sax. ungeleafa.] 1. Incredulity ; the 
withholding of belief. 2. Infidelity ; disbelief of divine 
revelation. — 3. In the J\Tew Testament^ disbelief of the 
truth of tne gospel. Matt. xiii. 4. Weak faith. Mark ix. 
UN-BE-LIeVE', v.t. 1. To discredit; not to believe or 
trust. 2._Not to think real or true. 

UN-BE-L1eV'ED, Not believed ; discredited. 
UN-BE-LIeV'ER, n. 1. An incredulous person ; one who 
does not believe. 2. An infidel ; one who discredits rev- 
elation. 

UN-BE-LIeV'ING, a. 1. Not believing ; incredulous. 2. 

Infidel ; discrediting divine revelation. 

UN-BE-L6 V'ED, a. Not loved. Dryden. 

UN-BE-MoAN'ED, a. Not lamented. Pollok. 

UN-BEND', V. t. 1. To free from flexure ; to make straight. 

2. To relax ; to remit from a strain or from exertion ; to 
set at ease for a time. 3. To relax effeminately. — 4. In 
seamanship, to take the sails from their yards and stays ; 
also, to cast loose a cable from the anchors ; also, to untie 
one rope from another. 

UN-BEND'ING, ppr. 1. Relaxing from any strain ; remit- 
ting; taking from their yards, &c., as sails. 2. a. Not 
suffering flexure. 3. Unyielding ; resolute ; inflexible. 

4. Unyielding ; inflexible ; firm. 5. Devoted to relax- 
ation. 

UN-BEN'E-FiCED, a. Not enjoying or having a benefice. 
UN-BE-NEV'O-LENT, a. Not benevolent; not kind. 
UN-BE-NiGHT'ED, a. Never visited by darkness. 
UN-BE-NiGN', (un be-nine') a. Not benign ; not favorable 
or propitious ; malignant. Milton. 

UN-BENT', pp. of unbend. 1. Relaxed ; remitted ; relieved 
from strain or exertion. — 2. In seamen's language, taken 
from the yards ; loosed. 3. Not strained ; unstrung. 4. 
Not crushed ; not subdued. 

UN-BE-Q,UeATH'ED, a. Not bequeathed ; not given by 
legacy. 

UN-BE-SEEM'ING, a. Unbecoming ; not befitting ; unsuit- 
able. 

UN-BE-SOUGHT', (un-be-sawt') a. Not besought ; not 
sought by petition or entreaty. Milton. 

UN-BE-SPoK'EN, a. Not bespoken, or ordered beforehand. 
UN-BE-STAR'RED, a. Not adorned or distinguished by 
stars. Pollok. 

UN-BE-SToW'ED, a. Not bestowed ; not given ; not dis- 
posed of. 

UN-BE-TRaY'ED, a. Not betrayed. Daniel. 
UN-BE-WaIL'ED, a. Not bewailed ; not lamented. 
UN-BE-WITCH', V. t. To free from fascination. South. 
UN-BT'AS, V. t. To free from bias or prejudice. Swift. 
UN-BI'ASED, p;). ]. Freed from j)rejudice or bias. 2. a. 

Free from any undue partiality or prejudice ; impartial. 
UN-BT'AS-ED-IiY, adv. Without prejudice ; impartially. 
UN-BT'AS-ED-NESS, n. Freedom from bias or ])icjudice. 
UN-BID', la. 1. Not bid ; not commanded. 2. ^'pen- 
UN-BID'DEN, ^ taneous. 3. Uninvited ; not requested | 
to attend. | 

UN-BIG'OT-ED, a. Free from bigotry. Addison. | 

UN-BTND', V. t. To untie ; to remove a band from ; to un- I 
fasten ; to loose ; to set free from shackles. I 

UN-BISH'OP, V. t. To deprive of episcopal orders. I 

UN-BIT', ct. Not bitten. Yountr. i 

UN-BIT', v.t. 1. In seamanship, to remove the turns of a 
cable from off the bitts. Mar. JDict. 2. To unbridle. 
UN-BITTED, pp. Removed from the bitts ; unbridled. i 
UN-BIT'TING, ppr. Unbridling ; removing from the bitts. j 
UN-BLaM'A-BLE, a. Not blamable ; not culpable. 
UN-BLaM'A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being chargeable with { 
no blame or fault. More. j 

UN-BLaM'A-BLY, adv. In such a manner as to incur no 1 
blame. 1 Thcss. ii. ! 

UN-BLaM'ED, a. Not blamed ; free from censure. ! 

UN-BLaST'ED, a. Not blasted ; not made to wither. j 

UN-BLEED'ING, a. Not bleeding ; not suffering loss of 
blood. Byron. 

UN-BLEM'ISH-A-BLE, a. Not capable of being blem- 
ished. 

UN-BLEM'ISIIED, rt. 1. Not blemished ; not stained ; free 
from turpitude or reproach. 2. Free from deformity. 
UN-BLENCH'ED, a. Not disgraced ; not injured by any 
stain or soil. .Milton. 

UN-BLENCH'ING, a. Not shrinking or flinching ; firm. 
UN-BLEND'ED. a. Not blended ; not mingled. 

UN-BLEST', a. 1. Not blest; excluded from benediction. 

Bacon. 2. Wretched ; unhappy. Prior. 
UN-BLTGIIT'ED, a. Not blighted ; not blasted. Cowper. 

- UN-BLTND'ED, a. Not blinded. 

UN-BL60D'ED, a. Not stained with blood. Shak. 
UN-BL60D'Y, a. 1. Not stained with blood. 2. Not shed- 
ding blood ; not cruel. Dryden. 

UN-BLOS'SOM-ING, a. Not producing blossoms. Mason. 


UN-BLoWN', a. 1. Not blown ; not having the bud expand- 
ed. 2. Not extinguished. 3. Not inflated with wind. 

UN-BLUNT'ED, a. Not made obtuse or dull ; not blunted. 
Cowley. 

UN-BLUSII'ING, a. Not blushing ; destitute of shame ; im- 
pudent. Thomson. 

UN-BLUSH'ING-LY, adv. In an impudent manner. 

UN-BoAST'FljL, a. Not boasting ; unassuming ; modest. 

UN-BOD'lED, a. 1. Having no material body ; incorporeal. 
2. Freed from the body. Spenser. 

UN-BOIL'ED, a. Not boiled ; as, unboiled rice. Bacon. 

UN-BoLT', V. t. To remove a bolt from ; to unfasten ; to 
open. Shak. 

UN-BoLT'ED, a. 1. Freed from fastening by bolts. 2. Un- 
sifted ; not bolted ; not having the bran or coarse part 
separated by a bolter. 

UN-B6N'NET-ED, a. Having no bonnet on. Shak. 

UN-BOOK'ISH, a. 1. Not addicted to books or reading. 2. 
Not cultivated by erudition. Shak. 


UN-BORN', 
UN'BORN, 
UN-BOR'RoWED, 


a. Not born ; not brought into life ; future. 
a. Not borrowed ; genuine ; original 


native ; one’s own. 

UN-BoS'OM, V. t. 1. To disclose freely one’s secret opin- 
ions or feelings. Milton. 2. To reveal in confidence. 

UN-BOS'OMED, pp. Disclosed, as secrets ; revealed in con- 
fidence. 

UN-BoS'OM-ING, ppr. Disclosing, as secrets ; revealing in 
confidence. 

UN-BOT'TOMED, a. 1. Having no bottom ; bottomless. 2. 
Having no solid foundation. Hammond. 

UN-BOUGHT', (un-bawt') a. 1. Not bought ; obtained with- 
out money or purchase. 2. Not having a purchaser. 

UN-BOUND', a. 1. Not bound ; loose ; wanting a cover. 2. 
Not bound by obligation or covenant. 3. pret. of unbind. 

UN-BOUND'ED, a. 1. Having no bound or limit ; unlimit- 
ed in extent ; infinite ; interminable. 2. Having no check 
or control ; unrestrained. 

UN-BOUND'ED-LY, adv. Without bounds or limits. 

UN-BOUND'ED-NESS, n. Freedom from bounds. 

UN-BOUN'TE-OUS, a. Not bounteous ; not liberal 

UN-BOW', V. t. To unbend. Fuller. 

UN-BOW'ED, a. Not bent; not arched. Shak. 

UN-BOW'EL, V. t. To deprive of the entrails ; to exenter- 
ate ; to eviscerate. Decay of Piety. 

UN-BOW'ELED, pp. Eviscerated. 

UN-BOW'EL-ING, ppr. Taking out the bowels. 

UN-BRaCE', V. t. To loose ; to relax. 

UN-BRaID', V. t. To separate the strands of a braid ; to dis- 
entangle. 

UN-BRaID'ED, pp. Disentangled, as the strands of a braid. 

UN-BRaID'ING, ppr. Separating the strands of a braid. 

UN-BRaNCH'ED, a. Not ramified ; not shooting into 

llTtlTl Cll0S • 

UN-BRANCII'ING, a. Not dividing into branches. 

UN-EREAST', (un brest') v. t. To disclose or lay open. 

UN-BRi:ATH'ED, a. Not exercised. Shak. 

UN-BReATH'ING, a. Unanimated. Shak. 

UN-BRED', a. 1. Not well bred ; not polished in manners; 
ill educated ; rude. 2. Not taught. 

UN-BREECH'ED, a. Having no breeches. Shak. 

UN-BREW'ED, a. Not mixed ; pure ; genuine. Young. 

t UN-BRTB'A-BLE, a. That cannot be bribed. Feltham. 

UN-BRTB'ED, a. Not bribed ; not corrupted by money ; not 
unduly influenced by money or gifts. 

UN-BRT'DLE, v. t. To free from the bridle. 

UN-BRI'I)LED, 7 );>. 1. Loosed from the bridle. 2. a. Unre- 
strained ; licentious. 

UN-BRoKE', \a. 1. Not broken; not violated. 2. Not 

UN-BRoK'EN, \ weakened ; not crushed ; not subdued. 
3. Not tamed ; not taught ; not accustomed to the saddle, 
harness or voke. 

UN-BR6TH'ER-LY, a. Not becoming a brother ; not suita- 
ble to the character and relation of a brother; unkind. 

I Uiibrotherlike is not used.] 

UN-BRuIS'ED, a. Not bruised ; not crushed or hurt. 

UN-BUG KLE, v. t. To loose from buckles ; to unfasten. 

UN-BU€'KLED, pp. Loosed from buckles ; unfastened. 

UN-BUG'KLING, Loosing from buckles; unfastening. 

UN-BUiLD', \ V. t. To demolish what is built ; to raze ; to 

UN-BiLD', ) destroy. Milton. 

UN-BUiLT', a. Not yet built ; not erected. 

UN-BUR'TED, (un-ber'rid) a. Not buried ; not interred. 

UN-BURN'ED, ) a. 1. Not burnt ; not consumed by fire. 2. 

UN-BURNT', i Not injured by fire ; not scorched. 3. 
Not baked, as brick. 

UN-BURN'ING, a. Not consuming away by fire. 
UN-BUR'TIIEN, or UN-BUR'DEN, r. t. 1. To rid of a 
load ; to free from a burden ; to ease. 2. To throry off. 
3. To relieve the mind or heart by disclosing what lies 

UN-BUR'THENED, or L'N-BUR'DENED, pp. Freed from 
1 imd • thrown off ; eased; relieved. 
UN-BUR'THEN-ING, or UN-BUR'DEN-ING, ppr. Free- 



See Synovsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;-B!!LE, UNITE.-€ns K j G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TII as in Ms. t Obsolete. 


UNO 


UNC 870 


Ing from a load or burden j relieving from what is a 
burden. 

UN-BU'SIED, (un-biz'zid) a. Not busied 3 not employed j 
idle. 

UN-BUT'TON, c. t. To loose from being fastened by but- 
tons ; to loose buttons. Shak. 

UN-BUT'TONED, pp. Loosed from buttons. Addison. 
UN-€a 6 E', V. t. To loose from a cage. 

UN-€aG'ED, pp. Released from a cage or from confine- 
ment. 

UN-CAL'CINED, a. [Sec * Calcine.] Not calcined. Boyle. 
UN-CAL'GU-LA-TED, a. Not subjected to calculation. 
UN-CAL'GU-LA-TING, a. Not making calculations. 
UN-CALL'ED, a. Not called ; not summoned ; not invited. 

— Uncalled for ^ not required j not needed or demanded, 
t UN-CaLM', V. t. To disturb. Drydeii. 

UN-CANCELED, a. Not canceled ; not erased. 
UN-CAN^'DID, a. Not candid ; not frank or sincere j not 
fair or impartial. 

UN-CA-NON'I-CAL, a. Not agreeable to the canons 5 not 
acknowledged as authentic. Barrow. 
UN-CA-NOiST-CAL-NESS, n. The state of being uncanon- 
ical. 

UN-CANC-PIED, a. Not covered by a canopy. 

UN-CAP', V. t. To remove a cap or cover j to open. 
UN-Ca'PA-BLE, a. Incapable. 

UN-C AP'PED, pp. Opened. 

UN-CAP'TI-VA-TED, a. Not captivated. Rambler. 
UN-CARED for, a. Not regarded ; not heeded. 
UN-CAR'NATE, a. Not fleshly. Brown. 

UN-CAR'PET-ED, a. Not covered with a carpet. 
UN-CASE', V. t. 1. To disengage from a covering ; to take 
off or out. 2. To flay ; to strip. 

UN-C AS'ED, pp. Stripped of a covering or case. 
UN-CAS'ING, ppr. Disengaging from a cover. 
UN-CAS'TRA-TED, a. Not castrated. 

UN-C AT'E-CHlSED, a. Not catechised j untaught. Milton. 
UN-CAUGHT', (un-kawP) a. Not yet caught or taken. 
UN-CAUS'ED, a. Having no precedent cause ; existing 
without an author. 

UN-CAU'TIOUS, a. Not cautious j not wary ; heedless. 
UN-CeAS'ING, a. Not ceasing 5 not intermitting ; con- 
tinual. 

UN-CeAS'ING-LY, adv. Without intermission or cessa- 
tion ; continually. 

UN-CEL'E-BR A-TED, a. Not celebrated ; not solemnized. 
UN-CE-LES'TIAL, a. Not heavenly. Feltham. 
UN-CEN'SU-RA-BLE, a. Not worthy of censure. Dicight. 
UN-CEN'SURED, (un-sen'shurd) a. Not censured 5 exempt 
from blame or reproach. Pope. 

UN-CEN'TRI-CAL, a. Not central ; distant from the centre. 
UN-CER-E-Mo'NI-AL, a. Not ceremonial. 
UN-CER-E-Mo'NI-OUS, a. Not ceremonious j not formal. 
UN-CER'TAIN, a. 1. Not certain ; doubtful ; not certainly 
known. 2. Doubtful; not having certain knowledge, 
o. Not sure in the consequence. 4. Not sure ; not exact. 
5. Unsettled ; irregular. 

t UN-CER'TAINED, a. Made uncertain. Raleigh. 
UN-CER'TAIN-LY, adv. 1. Not surely ; not certainly. 2. 
Not confidently. Locke. 

UN-CER'TAIN-TY, n. 1. Doubtfulness ; dubiousness. 2. 
Want of certainty ; want of precision. 3. Contingency. 
4. Something unknown. 

UN-CES'SANT, a. Continual ; incessant, 
t UN-CES'SANT-LY, adv. Incessantly. 

UN-CHaIN', V. t To free from chains or slavery. 
UN-CHAIN'ED, pp. Disengaged from chains, shackles or 
slavery. 

UN-CHAIN'ING,ppr. Freeing fromchains,bonds or restraint. 
UN-CHANGE' A-I3LE, a. Not capable of change ; immuta- 
ble ; not subject to variation. 

UN-CHANGE'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of be- 
ing subject to no change ; immutability. JVcioton. 
UN-CHANGE' A-BLY, adv. Witiiout change; immutably. 
UN-CHANG'ED, a. 1. Not changed or altered. 2. Not al- 
terable. 

UN-CHANG'ING, a. Not changing ; suffering no alteration. 
UN-CIL\R-AC-TER-IS'TIC, a. Not characteristic ; not ex- 
hibiting a character. Gregory. 
t UN-CHaRGE', V. t. To retract an accusation. 
UN-CHARG'ED, a. Not charged ; not loaded. S/iak. 
UN-CHAR'IT- A-BLE, a. Not charitable ; contrary to char- 
ity, or the universal love prescribed by Christianity. 
UN-(RIAR'IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. Want of charity. 

UN-CH AR'TT-A-BLY, adv. In a manner contrary to charity. 
UN-CHARM', V. t. To release from some charm, fascination, 
or secret power. Beaumont. 

UN-CHARM'ED, a. Not charmed ; not fascinated. 
UN-CHARM'ING, a. Not charming. Dryden. 
t UN-CHA'RY, a. Not wary ; not frugal. Shak. 
UN-CHASTE', a. Not chaste ; not continent ; not pure ; li- 
bidinous ; lewd. Milton. 

UN-CHASTE'LY, adv. Incontinently ; lewdly. Milton. 
UN-CIIAS-TiS' A-BLE, a. That cannot be chastised. 


UN-CIIAS-TIS'ED, a. 1. Not chastised ; not punished. 2. 

Not corrected ; not restrained. 

UN-CH AS'TI-TY, n. Incontinence; lewdness; unlawful 
indulgence of the sexual appetite. Woodward. 
UN-CHECK'ED, a. 1. Not checked ; not restrained ; not 
hindered. 2. Not contradicted. Shak. 

UN-CHEER'FUL, a. Not cheerful ; sad. Shak. 
UN-CHEER'FUL-NESS, n. Want of cheerfulness; sad- 
ness. 

UN-CHEER'Y, a. Dull ; not enlivening. Sterne. 
UN-CHEW'ED, a. Not chewed or masticated. Dryden. 
t UN-CHTLD', V. t. To bereave of children. Shak. 
UN-CHRIST'IAN, a. 1. Contrary to the laws of Christian- 
ity. 2. Not evangelized ; not converted to the Christian 
faith ; infidel. 

UN-€HRIST'IAN, v. t. To deprive of the constituent qual- 
ities of Christianity. South. 

UN-€HRIST'IAN-IZE, v. t. To turn from the Christian 
faith ; to cause to degenerate from the belief and profes- 
sion of Christianity. 

UN-CIIRIST'I AN-LY, a. Contrary to the laws of Christiani- 
ty ; unbecoming Christians. Milton. 

UN-CHRIST'I AN-LY, adv. In a manner contrary to Chris- 
tian principles. Bedell. 

UN-CHRIST'IAN-NESS, n. Contrariety to Christianity. 
UN-CHURCH', V. t. To expel from a church ; to deprive of 
the character and rights of a church. Milner. 
UN-CHURCII'ED, pp. Expelled from a church. 
UN-CHURCH'ING, ppr. Expelling from a church. 
UN'CIAL, a. [L. uncialis.'] Pertaining to letters of a large 
size, used in ancient manuscripts. 

UN'CIAL, n. An uncial letter. 

UN'CI-NATE, a. [L. uncinatus.'] In botany, hooked at the 
end. Martyn. 

UN-CiR'€UM-CTSED, a. Not circumcised. Scripture. 
UN-CiR-€UM-Cl"SION, n. Absence or want of circum- 
cision. 

UN-CiR-CUM-SCRTB'ED, a. Not circumscribed ; not 
bounded; not limited. Addison. 

UN-CIR-CUM-SPECT', a. Not circumspect ; not cautious, 
t UN-CiR-€UM-STAN'TIAL, a. Not important. Broion. 
UN-CIV'IL, a. 1. Not civil; not complaisant; not cour- 
teous in manners. 2. Not polite ; rude. 
UN-CIV-IL-I-ZA'TION, n. A state of savageness ; rude 

UN-CTV'IL-IZED, a. 1. Not reclaimed from savage life. 

2. Coarse ; indecent ; [ 06 s.] Addison. 

UN-CIV'IL-LY, adv. Not complaisantly ; not courteously. 
UN-CLAD', a. Not clad ; not clothed. 

UN-CLAIM'ED, a. Not claimed ; not demanded. 
UN-CLAR'I-FlED, a. Not purified ; not fined ; not depu- 
rated by a separation of feculent or foreign matter. 
UN-CLASP', V. t. To loose a clasp; to open what is fasten- 
ed with a clasp. Shak. 

UN-CLASP'ING, ppr. Loosing a clasp. 

UN-€LAS'SI€, \ a. 1. Not classic ; not according to 
UN-€LAS'SI-€AL, \ the best models of writing. 2. Not 
pertaining to the classic writers. 

UN'CLE, n. [Fr. oncle ; contracted from L. avtinculus.] 
The brother of one’s father mother. 

UN-CLeAN', a. 1. Not clean ; foul ; dirty ; filthy. 2. In 
the Jewish law, ceremonially impure. Lev. xi. 3. Foul 
with sin. Matt. x. 4. Not in covenant with God. 1 Cor. 
vii. 5. Lewd ; unchaste. 

UN-CLeAN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be cleansed. 
UN-CLEAN'LI-NESS, (un-klen'le-nes) n. Want of clean- 
liness ; filthiness. Clarendon. 

UN-€LEAN'LY, (un-klen'ly) a. 1. Foul; filthy; dirty. 

Shak. 2. Indecent ; unchaste ; obscene. 
UN-€LeAN'NESS, n. 1. Foulness ; dirtiness ; filthiness. 
2. Want of ritual or ceremonial purity. Lev. xv. 3. Mor- 
al impurity ; defilement by sin ; sinfulness. 4. Lewd- 
ness ; incontinence. CoZ. iii. 

UN-CLEANS'ED, (un-klenzd') a. Not cleansed ; not puri- 
fied. 

UN-€IiEW', V. t. To undo ; to unwind, unfold or untie. 
UN-CLINCH', V. t. To open the closed hand. Garth. 
UN-CLINCH'ED, pp. Opened ; unclosed. 

UN-CLIP'PED, a. Not clipped; not cut ; not diminished or 
shortened by clipping. 

UN-CLOG', V. t. To disencumber of difficulties and obstruc- 
tions ; to free from encumbrances or any thing that retards 
motion. 

UN-CIjOG'GED, pp. or a. Disencumbered ; set free from 
obstructions. 

UN-CLOG'GING, 27pr. Disencumbering. 

UN-CLOIS'TER, v. t. To release from a cloister or from 
confinement ; to set at liberty. Morris. 
UN-CLOIS'TERED, pp. Released from a cloister or from 
confinement. 

UN-CLOIS'TER-ING, pp?-. Releasing from confinement. 
UN-CLoSE', V. t. 1. To open; to break the seal of. 2 
To disclose ; to lay open. 

UN-CLoS'ED, pp. 1. Opened. 2. a. Not separated by 


See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, "WHAT ; — PR]]Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


UNC 


871 


UNC 


inclosures; open. 3. Not finished; not concluded. 4. 
Not closed ; not sealed. 

UN-€LoS'ING, ppr. Opening ; breaking the seal of. 
UN-OLo£HE', V. t% To strip of clothes ; to make naked; 
to divest. Watts. 

UN-OLoTU'ED, pp. Stripped of clothing or covering. 
EN-OLoTH'ED-LY, adv. Without clothing. Bacon. 
UN-CLoTIblNG, ppr. Stripping of clothing. 

UN-GIjOUD', V. t. To unvail ; to clear from obscurity or 
clouds. 

UN-CLOUD'ED, a. 1. Not cloudy; free from clouds; 

clear. 2. Not darkened ; not obscured. 
UN-GLOUD'ED-NESS, 71. 1. Freedom from clouds ; clear- 
ness. 2. Freedom from obscurity or gloom. 
UN-€LOUD'ING, ppr. Clearing from clouds or obscurity. 
UxV-CLOUD'Y, a. Not cloudy; clear; free from clouds, 
obscurity or gloom. Qay. 

UN-CLUTCH', V. t. To open something closely shut. 
UN-CO- AG 'U-LA-BLE, a. That cannot be coagulated. 
Oood. 

UN-CO-AG'U-LA-TED, a. Not coagulated or concreted. 
UN-CoAT'ED, a. Not coated ; not covered with a coat. 
UN-COCK'ED, a. 1. Not cocked, as a gun. 2. Not made 
into cocks, as hay. 3. Not set up, as the brim of a hat. 
UN-COIF', V. t. To pull the cap off. Arbuthnot. 
UN-COIF'ED, a. Not wearing a coif. Young. 

UN-COIL', V. t. To unwind or open, as the turns of a rope. 
UN-COIL'ED, pj?. Opened; unwound. 

UN-COIN'ED, a. Not coined ; as, uncoined silver. 
UN-COL-LECT'ED, a. 1. Not collected ; not received. 
2. Not collected ; not recovered from confusion or wan- 
dering. 

UN-COL-LECT'I-BLE, a. Not collectible ; that cannot be 
collected or levied, or paid by the debtor. 

UN-C6L'OKED, a. 1. Not colored; not stained or dyed. 

2. N^t heightened in description. 

UN-CoMB'ED, a. Not combed ; not dressed with a comb. 
UN-COM-BiN'A-BLE, a. Not capable of being combined. 
UN-COM-BiN'ED, a. Not combined; separate; simple. 
UN-G6ME'LI-NESS, n. Want of comeliness ; want of 
beauty or grace. Locke. 

UN-C6ME'LY, a. I. Not comely ; wanting grace. 2. Un- 
seemly ; unbecoming; unsuitable. 

UN-C6M FORT-A-BLE, a. I. Affording no comfort ; 

gloomy. 2. Giving uneasiness. 
UN-C6M'FORT-A-BLE-NESS, 71. 1. Want of comfort or 
cheerfulness. Taylor. 2. Uneasiness. 
UN-C6M'FORT-A-BLY, adv. In an uncomfortable man- 
ner ; without comfort or cheerfulness. 
UN-COM-MaND'ED, a. Not commanded ; not required by 
precept, order or law. South. 

UN-COM-MEND'A-BLE, a. [See "'^Commendable.] N^ot 
commendable ; not worthy of commendation ; illaudable. 
UN-COIM-MEND'ED, a. Not praised ; not commended. 
UN-COM-MEIl'CIAL, a. Not commercial ; not carrying on 
commerce. 

UN-COM-MIS'ER-A-TED, a. Not commiserated ; not 
pitied. 

UN-COjM-MIS'SIONED, a. Not commissioned ; not having 
a commission. Tooke. 

UN-COM-MIT'TED, a. Not committed. Hammmul. 
UN-COM'MON, a. 1. Not common; not usual; rare. 2. 

Not frequent ; not often seen or known. 
UN-COM'MON-LY, adv. I. Rarely; not usually. 2. To 
an uncommon degree. 

UN-COM'i'.ION-NESS, n. Rareness of occurrence; infre- 
quency. 

UN-COM-MU'NT-CA-TED, fl. 1. Not communicated ; not 
disclosed or delivered to others. 2. Not imparted to or 
from another. 

UN-COM-Mu'NI-CA-TiVE, a. Not communicative ; not 
free to communicate to others ; reserved. 

UN-COM-RACT', e. Not compact ; not firm; not of close 
texture ; loose. Addison. 

UN-COM-PACT'ED, a. Not compact ; not firm. Johnson. 
IJX-CoM'TA-NIED, a. Having no companion. Fairfax. 
UN-COM-PAS'SION-ATE, a. Not compassionate. 

UN-CO M-P AS'?! lONED, a. Not pitied. 
UxN-CO?.l-PELL'A-BLE, a. Not compellable ; that cannot 
be forced or conq)elled. Feltham. 

UN-COM-PELL'El), a. Not forced ; free from compulsion. 
UN-CO.M'FEN-SA-TED, a. [.Sec "'"Compensate.] Not com- 
pensated ; unrewarded. 

UN-COM-PLa1N'1NG, a. Not complaining ; not murmur- 
ing ; not disposed to murmur. 

Ui\-COM'PLAI-gANT, a. Not complaisant ; not civil ; not 
courteous. Locke. 

UN-COM'TLAI-f^ANT-LY, adv. Uncivilly ; discourteously. 
UN-COM-PLkTE’, a. Not complete ; not finished. 
UN-COM-PLkT'ED, a. Not finished ; not completed. 
UxN-GOM-PLy'ING, a. Not complying ; not yielding to re- 
quest or command ; unbending. 

UN-COM-POUND'ED, a. I. Not compounded ; not mixed. 

2. Simple ; not intricate. 


UN-COM-POUND'ED-NESS, n. Freedom from mixture ; 
simplicity of substance. Hammond. 

® ^ comprehensive. 2. 

^ Unable to comprehend. South. 

UN-COM-PRESS'EI), a. Not compressed ; free from com- 
pression. Boyle. 

UN-COM'PRO-MIS-ING, a. Not compromising ; not agree- 
ing to terms ; not complying. Review. 
UN-CON-CkIV'A-BLE, a. Not to be conceived or under- 
stood ; that cannot be comprehended. Locke. 
UN-CON-CeIV'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of 
being incojiceivable. [Little used.] Locke. 
UN-CON-CkIV'EU, a. Not thought ; not imagined. Creech. 
UN-CON-CERN', n. Want of concern ; absence of anxiety ; 

freedom from solicitude. Swift. 

UN-CON-CERN'ED, a. 1. Not concerned; not anxious; 

feeling no solicitude. 2. Having no interest in. 
UN-CON-CERN'EU-LY, adv. Without interest or affection ; 
without anxiety. Vryden. 

UN^-CON-CERN'ED-NESS, n. Freedom from concern or 
anxiety. South. 

t UxV-CON-CERN'ING, a. Not interesting ; not affecting ; 

not belonging to one. Addison. 
t UN-CON-CERN'MENT, n. The state of having no share. 
UxN-CON-CIL'I-A-TED, a. Not reconciled. 
UN-GON-CIL'I-A-TING, a. Not conciliating ; not adapted 
or disposed to gain favor, or to reconciliation, 
f UN-CON-CLuD'I-BLE, a. Not determinable. More. 
UN-CON-CLuD'ING, or UN-CON-CLCD'ENT, a. Not de- 
cisive ; not inferring a plain or certain conclusion. [L. u.] 
f UN^-CON-CLuD'ING-NESS, n. Quality of being incon- 
clusive. Boyle. 

f UN-CON-CLu'SIVE, a. Not decisive. Hammond. 
UN-CON-COCT'ED, a. Not concocted; not digested. 
Brown. 

UN-CON-DEM'NED, a. 1. Not condemned ; not judged 
guilty. 2. Not disapproved ; not pronounced criminal. 
UN-CON-DENS'A-BLE, a. That cannot be condensed. 
UN-CON-DENS'ED, a. Not condensed. 
UN-CON-Di"TION-AL, a. Absolute ; unreserved ; not 
limited by any conditions. Di-yden. 
UN-CON-Di"TION-AL-LY, adv. Without conditions ; 

without terms of limitation ; without reservation. 
UN-CON-Du'CING, a. Not leading to. Phillips. 
UN-€ON-DUCT'ED, a. Not led ; not guided. Barroiv. 
UN-CON-FESS'ED, n. Not confessed ; not acknowledged. 
UN-CON-FiN'A-BLE, «. 1. Unbounded; [o^>5.] Shak. 

2- That cannot be confined or restrained. Thomson. 
UN-CON-FIN'ED, a. 1. Not confined ; free from re- 
straint ; free from control. 2. Having no limits ; un 
bounded. 

UN-CON-FIN'ED-LY, adv. Without confinement. Bar- 
row. 

UN-CON-FiRM'ED, a. 1. Not fortified by resolution ; 
weak ; raw. 2. Not confirmed ; not strengthened by ad- 
ditional testimony. 3. Not confirmed according to the 
church ritual. 

t UN-CON-FORM', a. Unlike ; dissimilar ; not analogous. 
UN-CON-FORM' A-BLE, a. Not consistent ; not agreeable ; 
not conforming. Watts. 

. UN-GON-FORM'I-TY, 71. Incongruity ; inconsistency ; 
want of conformity. Smith. 

UN-CON-FuS'ED, a. I. Free from confusion or disorder. 

Locke. 2. Not embarrassed. 

UN-COxV-FuS'EU-LY, adv. AYithout confusion. Locke. 
UN-CON-FuT'xY-BLE, a. Not confutable ; not to be refut- 
ed or overthrown ; that cannot be disproved or convicted 
of error. 

UN-CON-GeAL'x\-BLE, a. Not capable of being con- 
gealed. 

UN-CON-GeAL'EI), a. Not frozen ; not congealed ; not 
concreted._ 

UN-CON-GE'NI-xVL, a. Not congenial. 

UN-CON'JU-GAL, a. Not suitable to matrimonial faith; 

not befitting a wife or husband. Milton. 
UN-CON-JUNC'TIVE, G. That cannot be joined. [L.u] 
UN-CON-NECT'ED, a. I. Not connected; not united; 
separate. 2. Not coherent; not joined by proper trans- 
itions or dependence of parts ; loose ; vague ; desultory. 
UN-CON-NIV'ING, a. Not conniving ; not overlooking or 
winking at. .Milton. 

UN-CON'“QUER- A-BLE, a. 1. Not conquerable; invinci- 
ble ; that cannot be vanquished or defeated ; that cannot 
be overcome in contest. 2. That cannot be subdued and 
brought under control. 

UN-CON'QUER-A-BLY, adv. Invincibly ; insuperably. 
UN-CON'QUERED, a. 1. Not vanquished or defeated. 2. 
Unsubdued ; not brought under control. 3. Invincible ; 
insuperable. 

UN-COxV-SCI-EN'TIOUS, a. Not conscientious ; not regu- 
lated or limited by conscience. Kent. 

UN-CON'^? CION- A-BLE, a. I. Unreasonable; exceeding 
the limits of any reasonable claim or expectation. 2. 
Forming unreasonable expectations. 3. Enormous ; 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BTJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; f? as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this f Obsolete, 


UNC 


UNO 


872 


vast ; ^not elegant.] 4 . Not guided or intiuenced by con- 
Bcicii CO# 

UN-€ON'SCION-A-BLE-NESS, n. Unreasonableness of 
hope or claim. 

UN-€^ON'SCION-A-BLY, adv. Unreasonably ; in a manner 
or degree that conscience and reason do not justify. 

UN-€ON'SCIOUS, a. 1 . Not conscious ; having no mental 
perception. 2 . Not conscious j not knowing j not perceiv- 

UN-€ON'SCIOUS-LY, adv. Without perception 3 without 
knowledge. 

UN-€ON'riC 10 US-NESS, ?i. Want of perception j want of 
knowledge. 

t UN-€ON'iSE-€RATE, v. t. To render not sacred 5 to dese- 
crate. South. 

UN-€ON'SE-€RA-TED, a. Not consecrated ; not set apart 
for a sacred use by religious ceremonies 3 not dedicated or 
devoted. 

UN-€OiV-SENT'ED to. Not consented 103 not yielded 3 
not agreed to. Wake. 

UN-UON-SENT'ING, a. Not consenting 3 not yielding con- 
sent. 

UN-€ 0 *N-SID'ERED, a. Not considered 3 not attended to. 

UN-UON-SoL'ED, a. Not consoled 3 not comforted. 

UN-€ON-SOL'I-DA-TED, a. Not consolidated or made 
solid. 

UN-€ON-SoL'ING, a. Not consoling 3 alfording no comfort. 

UN-€ON'SO-NANT, a. Not consonant 3 not consistent 3 in- 
congruous 3 unfit. [Little used.] Hooker. 

t UN-€ON-SPIR'iNG-NESS, n. Absence of plot or conspir- 
acy. Boyle. 

UN-€ON'STANT, a. Not constant 3 not steady or faithful 3 
fickle 3 changeable. Shak. ' 

UN-eON-STl-Tu'TION-AL, a. Not agreeable to the con- 
stitution 3 not authorized by the constitution 3 contrary to 
the principles of the constitution. 

UN-€ 0 N-STI-TU-T 10 N-AL'I-TY, n. The quality of being 
unauthorized by the constitution, or contrary to its pro- 
visions or principles. 

UN-€ON-STI-Tu'TION-AL-LY, adv. In a manner not 
warranted by or contrary to the constitution. 

UN-€ON-STRaIN<ED, a. 1 . Free from constraint 3 acting 
voluntarily 3 voluntary. 2 . Not proceeding from con- 
straint 3 as actions. 

UN-UON-STRa 1 N'ED-LY, adv. Without force or con- 
straint 3 freely 3 spontaneously 3 voluntarily. South. 

UN-GON-STRaINT', n. Freedom from con3traint3 ease. 

UN-€ON-SULT'ING, a. Taking no advice 3 rash 3 impru- 
dent. Sidney. 

UN-CON-SuM'ED, a. Not consumed 3 not wasted, expend- 
ed or dissipated 3 not destroyed. Milton. 

UN-€ 0 N-SUM'MATE, a. Not consummated. Drijden. 

UN-€ 0 N-TEM'NED, a. Not despised 3 not contemned. 

UN-€ 0 N-TEND'ED for. Not contended for 3 not urged for. 

UN-€ 0 N-TEND'ING, a. Not contending 5 not contesting. 

UN-€ 0 N-TENT'ED, a. Not contented 3 not satisfied. 

f UN-€ 0 N-TENT'ING-NESS, 71 . Want of power to satisfy. 

UN-€ON-TEST'A-BLE, a. Indisputable 3 not to be con- 
troverted. 

UN-€ 0 N-TEST'ED, a. I. Not contested 3 not disputed. 
2 . Evident 3 plain. Blackmore. 

UN-CON-TRA-DI€T'ED, a. Not contradicted 3 not denied. 

UN-€ON'TRITE, a. Not contrite 5 not penitent. 

UN-€ON-TRiV'ED, a. Not contrived 3 not formed by de- 
sign. Dwight. 

UN-€ON-TRlV'ING, a. Not contriving 3 improvident. 

UN-€ON-TRoLL'A-BLE, a. 1 . That cannot be controll- 
ed 3 ungovernable 3 that cannot be restrained. 2 . That 
cannot be resisted or diverted. 3 . Indisputable 3 irrefra- 
gable. 

UN-€ON-TRoLL'A-BLY, adv. 1 . Without power of op- 
position. 2 . In a manner or degree that admits of no re- 
straint or resistance. 

UN-GON-TRoLL ED, a. 1 . Not governed 3 not subjected 
to a superior power or authority 3 not restrained. 2 . Not 
resisted ; unopposed. 3 . Not convinced 3 not refuted. 

UN-GON-TRoLL'ED-EY, adv. Without control or re- 
straint 3 without effectual opposition. Decay of Piety. 

UN-GON'TRO-VERT-ED, a. Not disputed 3 not contested 3 
not liable to be called in question. Qlanville. 

UN-GON-VERS'A-BLE, a. 1. A'ot free in conversation 3 
no: social 5 reserved. 2. Not suited to conversation. 

UN-GON'VER-SANT, a. Not conversant 3 not familiarly 
awpiainted with. Mitford. 

UN-GON-VERT'ED, a. 1 . Not converted 3 not changed in 
opinion 3 not turned from one faith to another. 2 . Not 
persuaded of the truth of the Christian religion. 3 . Not 
renewed 3 not regenerated. 4 . Not turned or changed 
from one form to another. 

UN-GON-VERT'I-BLE, a. That cannot be converted or 
changed in form. 

UN-GON-VIN'CED, a. Not convinced 3 not persuaded. 

UN-GORD', V. t. To loose from cords 3 to unfasten or un- 
bind. 


UN-GORK', V. t. To draw the Cork from. 

UN-GORK'ED, pp. Having the cork drawn. 

UN-GORK'ING, ppr. Drawing the cork from. 

UN-GOR'O-NET-ED, a. Not honored with a coronet. 

UN-GORTU-LENT, a. Not corpulent 3 not flesliy. Pollok. 

UN-GOR-REGT*ED, a. 1 . Not corrected 3 not revised 3 
not rendered exact. 2 . Not reformed 3 not amended. 

UN-GOR'RI-Gl-BLE, a. That cannot be corrected 3 deprav 
ed beyond correction. 

UN-GOR-RUPT', a. Not corrupt 3 not depraved 3 not per- 
verted 3 not tainted with wickedness 3 not influenced by 
iniquitous interest. 

UN-GOR-RUPT'ED, a. Not corrupted 3 not vitiated 5 not 
depraved. Dryden. 

UN-GOR-RUPT'ED-NESS, n. State of being uncorrupted. 

UN-GOR-RUPT'I-BLE, a. That cannot be corrupted. 

UN-GOR-RUPT'LY, adv. With integrity 3 honestly. 

UN-GOR-RUPT'NESS, n. Integrity 3 uprightness. 

UN-GOUN^SEL-A-BLE, a. Not to be advised 3 not consist- 
ent with good advice or prudence. Clarendon. 

UN-GOUNT'A-BLE, a. That cannot be counted. 

UN-GOUNT^ED, a. Not counted 3 not numbered. Shak. 

UN-GOUN'TER-FElT, a. Not counterfeit 3 not spurious 3 
genuine. Sprat. 

UN-GOUN-TER-MAND'ED, a. Not countermanded. 

UN-G6UP'LE, (un-kup'pl) v. t. To loose dogs from their 
couples 3 to set loose 3 to disjoin. Dryden. 

UN-G6UP'LED, (un-kup'pld) pp. Disjoined 3 set free. 

UN-G6UP'LING, ppr. Disuniting 3 setting free. 

UN-G6URT'E-OUS, (un-kurt'e-us) a. [See * Courteous.] 
Uncivil 3 unpolite 3 not kind and complaisant. Sidney. 

UN-G6URT'E-OUS-LY, adv. Uncivilly 3 impolitely. 

UN-GoURT^E-OUS-NESS, n. Incivility 3 disobliging treat- 
ment. 

UN-GoURT'LI-NESS, n. Unsuitableness of manners to a 
court 3 inelegance. .Addison. 

UN-GoURT'LY, a. 1 . Inelegant of manners 3 not becom- 
ing a court 3 not refined 3 unpolite. 2 . Not courteous or 
civil. 3 . Not versed in the manners of a court. 

UN-GCUTH', a. [Sax. uncuth.] Odd 3 strange 3 unusual 3 
not rendered pleasing by familiarity. 

UN-GOUTIPLY, Oddly 3 strangely. Dryden. 

UN-GoUTH'NESS, n. Oddness 3 strangeness 5 want of _ 
agreeableness derived from familiarity. 

UN-G6V^E-NANT-ED, a. Not promised by covenant 3 not 
resting on a covenant or promise. S. Miller. 

UN-G6V'ER, V. t. 1 . To divest of a cover 3 to remove 
any covering from. 2. To deprive of clothes 3 to strip 3 
to make naked. 3 . To unroof, as a building. 4 . To take 
offilie hat or cap 3 to bare the head. 5 . To strip of a vail, 
or of any thing that conceals 3 to lay open 3 to disclose to 
view. 

UN-G6V'ERED, pp. Divested of a covering or of clothing 3 
laid open to view 3 made bare. 

UN-G6V'ER-ING, ppr. Divesting of a cover or of clothes 3 
stripping of a vail 3 laying open to view. 

UN-GRE-aTE', V. t. To annihilate 3 to deprive of exist- 

C11C0# 

UN-GRE-aT'ED, pp. 1 . Reduced to nothing 3 deprived of 
existence. 2 . a. Not yet created. 3 . Not produced by 
creation. 

UN-GRED'I-BLE, a. Not to be believed 3 not entitled to 
credit. 

UN-GRED'IT-A-BLE, a. 1 . Not in good credit or reputa- 
tion 3 not reputable. 2 . Not for the credit or reputa- 
tion. 

UN-GRED'IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1 . Want of reputation. 
2 . The quality of being disreputable. 

UN-GRED'IT-ED, a. Not believed. Warner. 

UN-GRIT<I-GAL, a. 1 . Not critical. 2 . Not according to 
the just rules of criticism. M. Stuart. 

UN-GROP'PED, a. Not cropped 3 not gathered. Milton. 

UN-GROSS'ED, a. 1 . Not crossed 3 not canceled. Shak. 2 . 
Not thwarted 3 not opposed. 

UN-GROWD'ED, a. Not crowded 3 not compressed 3 not 
straitened for want of room. 

UN-GROWN', V. t. 1 . To deprive of a crown 3 to dethrone. 
2 . To pull ofl:’ the crown. Dryden. 

UN-GROWN'ED, pp. 1 . Deprived of a crown. 2 . a. Not 
crowned 3 having no crown. 

UN-GROWN'ING, ])j)r. Depriving of a crown. 

UN-GRYS'TAL-lZ-A-BLE, a. Not susceptible of crystal!- 

Zdtioii# 

UN-GRYS'TAL-TZED, a. Not crystalized. 

UNG'TION, 77. [Fr. onction L. unctio.] 1 . The act of 
anointing. 2 . Unguent 3 ointment. Dryden. 3 . The act 
of anointing medically. 4 . Any thing softening or leni- 
tive. Shak. 5. That which excites piety and devotion. 
Johnson. 6. Richness of gracious affections. 7 . Divine 
or sanctifying grace. 1 John i . — Extreme unction^ the rite 
of anointing in the last hours 3 or the application of sacred 
oil to the parts where the five senses reside. 

UNGT-U-OS'I-TY, n. Oiliness 3 fatness 3 the quality of be- 
ing greasy. Brown. 


* Sec Synopsis. A, K, T, O, U, Y, long.—FKU, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


UNI) 


UND 673 


UNeT'U-OUS, a. 1. Fat j oily; greasy. Dryden. 2. Hav- 
ing a resemblance to oil. 

UN€T'U-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Fatness ; oiliness. 2. The 
quality of resembling oil. 

UN-€U€K'OLD-ED, a. Not made a cuckold. Shah. 

UN-€ULL'ED, a. 1. Not gathered. 2. Not separated; 
not sclcctocl# 

UN-€UL'PA-BLE, a. Not blamable ; not faulty. Hooker. 

t UN-CULT', a. [un, and L. cultus.j Uncultivated ; rude ; 
illiterate. Ch. Relig. .Appeal. 

UN-CUL'TI-VA-BLE, a. Not capable of being cultivated. 

UN-CUL'"JT-VA-TED, a. 1. Not cultivated ; n6t tilled ; not 
used in tillage. 2. Not instructed ; not civilized ; rude ; 
rough in manners. 

UN-CUxM'BERED, a. Not burdened; not embarrassed. 

UN-CuR'A-BLE, a. Incurable. [ The latter is mostly used.l 

UN-CuR'A-BLY, adv. Incurably. 

I UN-CURB' A-BLE, a. That cannot be curbed or checked. 

UN-CURB'ED, a. Not curbed ; not restrained ; licentious. 

UN-CURL', V. t. To loose from ringlets. Dryden. 

UN-CURL', V. i. To fall from a curled state, as ringlets ; to 
become straight. Shak. 

UN-CURL'ED, pp. 1. Loosed from ringlets. 2. a. Not 
curled ; not formed into ringlets. 

UN-CURL'ING, ppr. Loosing from ringlets. 

UN-CUR'RENT, a. Not current ; not passing in common 
payment. Shak. 

t UN-CURSE , (un-curs') v. t. To free from any execration. 

UN-CURS'ED, ( a. Not cursed ; not execrated. Hino- 

UN-CURST', \ Charles. 

UN-€UR-TaTL'ED, a. Not curtailed ; not shortened. 

UN-CUS TOM-A-RY, a. Not customary ; not usual. 
Dwiyht. 

UN-CU’S'TOMED, a. 1. Not subjected to customs or duty. 
2. That has not paid duty, or been charged with customs. 

UN-CUT', a. Not cut ; as, trees uncut. Waller. 

UN-DAM', V. t. To free from a dam, mound or obstruction. 

UN-DAM'AGED, a. Not damaged ; not made worse. 

UN-DAMP ED, a. Not damped ; not depressed. 

UN-DaN'GER-OUS, a. Not dangerous. Thomson. 

UN-DARK'ENED, a. Not darkened or obscured. 

UN'DA-TED, a. [L. undatus, unda.] Waved ; rising and 
falling in waves towards the margin, as a leaf. 

UN-DaT'ED, a. Not dated ; having no date. 

UN-DAUNT' A-BLE, a. Not to be daunted. Harmar. 

UN-DaUNT'ED, a. Not daunted ; not subdued or depress- 
ed by fear ; intrepid. Dryden. 

UN-DaUNT'ED-LY, adv. Boldly ; intrepidly. South. 

UN-DAUNT'ED-NESS, n. Boldness ; fearless bravery. 

UN-DAWN'ING, a. Not yet dawning ; not growing light ; 
not opening with brightness. Cowper. 

UN-DAZ'ZLED, a. Not dazzled ; not confused by splendor. 
Milton. Boyle. 

t UN-DEAF', V. t. To free from deafness. 

UN-DE-BaS'ED, a. Not debased ; not adulterated. Shak. 

UN-DE-BAUCH'ED, a. Not debauched ; not corrupted ; 
pure. Dryden. 

UN-DEC' A-GON, n. [L. undecirn, and Gr. yo)via.] A fig- 
ure of eleven angles or sides. 

UN-DE-CaY'ED, a. Not decayed ; not impaired by age or 
accident ; being in full strength. Dryden. 

UN-DE-CaY'ING, a. 1. Not decaying ; not suffering dim- 
inution or decline. 2. Immortal. 

UN-DE-CeIV'A-BLE, a. That cannot be deceived ; not 
subject to deception. Holder. 

UN-DE-CeIVE', V. t. To free from deception, cheat, falla- 
cy or mistake, whether caused by others or by ourselves. 

UN-DE-CeIV'ED, pp. 1. Disabused of cheat, deception or 
fallacy. _2. Not deceived ; not misled or imposed on. 

UN-DE-CeIV'ING, ppr. Freeing from deception or fallacy. 

UN-De'CEN-CY, n. Unbecomingness ; indecency. 

UN-De'CENT, a. Not decent ; indecent. 

UN-De'CENT-LY", adv. Indecently. 

UN-DE-CID' A-BLE, a. That cannot be decided. South. 

UN-DE-CTD'ED, a. Not decided ; not determined. 

UN-DE-CI'PHER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be deciphered. 

UN-DE-CI'PHERED, a. Not deciphered or explained. 

UN-DE-Cf'SIVE, a. Not decisive ; not conclusive ; not de- 
termining the controversy or contest. Oranville. 

UN-DEGK', V. t. To divest of ornaments. Shak. 

UN-DEGK'ED, pp. ]. Deprived of ornaments. 2 a Not 
decked ; not adorned. Milton. 

UN-DE-€LaR'ED, a. Not declared ; not avowed. 

UN-DE-€LTN'A-BLE, G. 1. That cannot be declined. 2. 
Not to be avoided. Hacket. 

UN-DE-GLiN'ED, a. 1. Not deviating; not turned from 
the riglit way. 2. Not varied in termination. 

UN-DE-€OM-PoS'iV-BLE, a. Not admitting decomposition ; 
that cannot be decomposed. Cltemistry. 

UN-DE-€OM-PoS'ED, a. Not decomposed ; not separated, 
as constituent particles. Chemistry. 

UN-DE-GOM-POUND'ED, a. Not decompounded. 

UN-DE€'0-RA-TED, a. Not adorned; not embellished; 
plain. Buckminster. 


UN-DED'I-GA-TED, a. 1. Not dedicated ; not consecrated 
2. Not inscribed to a patron. 

UN-DEED'ED, a. 1. Not signalized by any great action 
Shak. 2. Not transferred by deed ; [local.] 

UN-DE-FaCE'A-BLE, a. That cannot be defaced. 

UN-DE-Fa'CED, a. Not deprived of its form ; not dis- 
figured* 

UN-DE-FEAS'I-BLEj a. Not defeasible. 

UN-DE-FEND'ED, a. ]. Not defended ; not protected. 2. 
Not vindicated. 3. Open to assault ; being without 
works of defense. 

UN-DE-FI'ED, a. Not set at defiance ; not challenged. 

UN-DE-FiL'ED, a. Not defiled ; not polluted ; not vitiated. 

UN-DE-FiN'A-BLE, a. 1. Not definable; not capable of 
being described or limited. 2. That cannot be described 
b}' interpretation or definition. 

UN-DE-FIN'A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality or state of being 
undefinable. E. T. Fitch. 

UN-DE-FIN'ED, a. 1. Not defined ; not described by defi- 
nition or explanation. 2. Not having its limits described. 

UN-DE-FLOUR'ED, a. Not debauched; not vitiated. 

ETN-DE-FORM'ED, a. Not deformed ; not disfigured. 

UN-DE-FRAUD'ED, a. Not defrauded. 

UN-DE-FRaY'ED, a. Not defrayed ; not paid. 

UN-DE-GRaD'ED, a. Not degraded. 

UN-De'I-FY, V. t. To reduce from the state of Deity. 

UN-DEL'E-GA-TED, a. Not delegated ; not deputed ; not 
granted. 

UN-DE-LIB'ER-A-TED, a. Not carefully considered. 

UN-DE-LIB'ER-A-TING, a. Not deliberating ; not hesita- 
ting ; hasty ; prompt. 

UN-DE-LiGHT'ED, a. Not delighted ; not well pleased. 

UN-DE-LlGHT'FlJL, a. Not giving delight or great pleas- 
ure. 

UN-DE-LIV'ERED, a. Not delivered ; not communica- 
ted. 

UN-DE-MAND'ED, a. Not demanded ; not required. 

UN-DE-MOL'ISHED, a. 1. Not demolished ; not pulled 
down. Swift. 2. Not destroyed. 

UN-DE-MON' STR A-BLE, a. 1. Not capable of fuller evi- 
dence. Hooker. 2. Not capable of demonstration. 

UN-DE-NI' A-BLE, a. 'fhat cannot be denied. 

UN-DE-Ni'A-BLY, adv. So plainly as to admit no denial. 

UN-DE-PEND'ING, a. Not dependent. Milton. 

UN-DE-BLoR'ED, a. Not lamented. Dryden. 

UN-DE-PoS'A-BLE, a. That cannot be deposed from office. 
Milton. 

UN-DE-PRAV'ED, a. Not corrupted ; not vitiated. 

UN-DEP'RE-GA-TED, a. Not deprecated. 

UN-DE-PRe'CIA-TED, a. Not depreciated. Walsh. 

UN-DE-PRiV'ED, a. Not deprived ; not divested of by au- 
thority ; not stripped of any possession. 

UN'DER, prep. [Goth, undar ; Sax. under ; D. ondcr ; G. 
unter.] 1. Beneath ; below ; so as to have something over 
or above. 2. In a state of pupilage or subjection to. 3. 
In a less degree than. 4. For less than. 5. Less than ; 
below. 6. With the pretense of ; with the cover or pre- 
text of. 7. With less than. 8. In a degree, state or rank 
inferior to. 9. In a state of being loaded ; in a state of 
bearing or being burdened. 10. In a state of oppression 
or subjection to, the state in which a person is considered 
as bearing or having anything laid upon him. 11. In a 
state of liability or obligation. 12. In the state of bearing 
and being known by. 13. In the state of ; in the enjoy- 
ment or possession of. 14. During the time of. 15. Not 
having reached or arrived to; below. 16. Represented 
by ; in the form of. 17. In the state of protection or de- 
fense. 18. As bearing a particular character. 19. Being 
contained or comprehended in. 20. Attested by ; signed 
by. 21. In a state of being handled, treated or discussed, 
or of being the subject of. 22. In subordination to. 23. 
In subjection or bondage to ; ruled or influenced by ; in a 
moral sense. Rom. iii. — Under a signature, bearing, as a 
name or title. — Under icay, in seumeiCs language, mov- 
ing ; in a condition to make progress. — To keep under, to 
hold in subjection or control ; to restrain. 

UN'DER, a. Lower in degree; subject; subordinate. — Un- 
der is much used in composition. 

UN-DER-AU'TION, n. Subordinate action ; action not 
esseiitial to the main story. Dryden. 

UN-DER-a'GENT, n. A subordinate agent. South. 

UN-DER-BEaR', V. t. 1. To support; to endure. Shak. 2. 
To line ; to guard ; [065.] Shak. 

UN-DER-BEAR'ER, n. In funerals, one who sustains the 
corpse. 

UN-DER-BID', V. t. To bid or offer less than another ; as in 
auctions, when a contract or service is set up to the lowest 
bidder. 

UN'DER-BRED, a. Of inferior breeding or manners. 

UN'DER-BRUSH, n. Shrubs and small trees in a wood or 
forest, growing under large trees. 

t UN-DER-BUY', v. t. To bliy at less than a thing is worth. 

UN-DER-CHaM'BER-LAIN, n. A deputy chamberlain of 
the exchequer. 


t Obsolete. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BULL, UNITE. — G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 


UND 


UND 874 


tJN'BER-€LERK, n. A clerk subordinate to the principal 
clerk • 

UN'DER-CROFT, n. A vault under the choir or chancel of 
a church ; also, a vault or secret walk under ground. 

UN-L>ER-€UR'RE>»T, n. A current below the surface of 
the water. Mar, Diet. 

UN-DER-DITCH', v. t. To form a deep ditch or trench to 
drain the surface of land. 

UN-DER-DO', V. i. 1. To act below one’s abilities. B. Jon- 
son. 2. To do less than is requisite. Grew. 

UN'DER-DOSE, n. A quantity less than a dose. 

UX-DER-DoSE', V. i. To take small doses. Cheyne. 

UX^DER-DRaIN, n. A drain or trench below the surface 
of the ground. 

UX-DER-DRa1X'', V. t. To drain by cutting a deep channel 
below the surface. 

UX-DER-FA€'TI0X, n. A subordinate faction. 

UX'-DER-FaRM'ER, 71. A subordinate farmer. 

UXrDER-FEL'LoW^, n. A mean, sorry wretch. 

UX-DER-FILL'IXG, n. The lower part of a building. 

t UX-DER-FOXG', t. [Sax. /a?f^a7i, to seize.] To take in 
hand. Spenser. 

UX'DER-FOOT, adv. Beneath. Milton. 

UX'DER-F06T, a. Low; base; abject; trodden down. 

UX'-DER-FUil'XISH, v. t. To supply with less than 
enough. 

UX-DER-FUR'X^ISHED, pp. Supplied with less than 
enough. 

UX-DER-FUR'XISH-IXG, ppr. Furnishing with less than 
enough. 

UX-DER-FUR RoVV, adv. In agriculture^ to soio under- 
furrow, is to plough in seed. 

UX-DER-GiRD', v. t. [See Gird.] To bind below; to gird 
round the_bottom. Jlcts xxvii. 

UX-UER-Go', V. t. 1. To suffer ; to endure something bur- 
densome or painful to the body or the mind. 2. To pass 
through. 3. To sustain without fainting, yielding or 
sinking. 4. To be the bearer of ; to possess ; [o&jy.] 5. 

To support ; to hazard ; [oi»s.] 6. To be subject to ; 
[od^J 

UX-DER-Go'IXG, Suffering; enduring. 

L^X-DER-GOXE', pp. Borne ; suffered ; sustained. 

UX’^-DER-GRAD'U-ATE, v. A student or member of a uni- 
versity or college, who has not taken his first degree. 

UX-DER-GROUXD', n. A place or space beneath the sur- 
face of the ground. Shak. 

JX’'DER-GROUXD, a. Being below the surface of the 
ground. 

UX’^-DER-GROUXD', adv. Beneath the surface of the earth. 

UX''DER-GRoWTH, n. That which grows under trees ; 
shrubs or small trees growing among large ones. 

UX’'DER-HAXD, adv. 1. By secret means ; in a clandestine 
manner. Hooker. 2. By fraud ; by fraudulent means. 
Dry den. 

EX'DER-HAXD, a. Secret ; clandestine ; usually implying 
meanness or fraud, or both. 

UX-DER-HAXD'ED, a. Underhand ; clandestine. 

UX^-DE-RiV'ED, a. X"ot derived ; not borrowed ; not re- 
ceived from a foreign source. 

UX"-DER-KEEP'ER, n. A subordinate keeper. Gray. 

UX-DER-La BOR-ER, 77. A subordinate workman. 

UX-DER-LaID', pp. or a. [from underlay.~\ Having some- 
thing lying or laid beneath. 

UX-DER-LaY', V. t. To lay beneath; to support by some- 
thing laidjinder. 

UX-HER-LeAF', n. A sort of apple good for cider. Morti- 
mer. 

UX-DER-LET', V. t. 1. To let below the value. Smollett. 
2. To let or lease, as a lessee or tenant ; to let under a 
lease. 

UX'-DER-LET‘TER, n. A tenant who leases. 

UX-DER-LE'RTIXG, ppr. Letting or leasing under a lease, 
or by a lessee. 

UX-DER-LET'TIXG, v. The act or practice of letting 
lands by lessees or tenants. 

UX-DER-LiXE , V. 1 . 1. To mark with a line below the 
words ; sometimes called scor7 77^. 2. To influence secret- 
ly ; [obs.^_ 

UX-DER-LTX'ED, pp. Marked with a line underneath. 

UX'DER-LIXG, 77. An inferior person or agent; a mean, 
sorry fellow. Milton. 

UX-DER-LTXTXG, ppr. I^Iarking with a line below. 

UX'DER-LOGK, 77. A lock of wool hanging under the belly 
of a sheep. Cyc. 

UX-DER,-MAS'TER, n. A master subordinate to the princi- 
pal master^ Lowtk. 

UX'DER-MeAL, 77. A repast before dinner. B. Jonson. 

UX’-DER-MIXE', V. t. 1. To sap ; to excavate the earth be- 
neath, for the purpose of suffering to fall, or of blowing up. 
2. To excavate the earth beneath. 3. To remove the 
foundation or support of any thing by clandestine means. 

UX-DER-MIX'ED, pp. Sapped; having the foundation re- 
moved. 

UX-DER-MTX'ER, 77. 1. One that saps, or excavates the 


earth beneath any thing. 2. One that clandestinely re- 
moves the foundation or support ; one that secretly over- 
throw's. 

UX"-DER-MlXTXG, ppr. Sapping ; digging away the earth 
beneath ; clandestinely removijug the supports of. 

UX'DER-MoST, a. 1. Lowest in place beneath others. 2. 
Low'est in state or condition. 

f UX'DERX*, 77. [Sax.] The third hour of the day, or nine 
o’clock. Chaucer. 

UX"-DER-XeATH', adv. {under and neath.'] Beneath ; be- 
low ; in a low'er place. Milton. 

UX-DER-NeATH', prep. Under; beneath. B. Jonson. 

UX-DER-OF'FI-CER, 77. A subordinate officer. 

UX-DE-ROG'A-TO-RY, a. Not derogatory. Boyle. 

UX'DER-PaRT, 77. A subordinate part. Dryden. 

UX^-DER-PET'TI-UoAT, 77. A petticoat w'orn under a shirt 
or another petticoat. Spectator. 

UX^-DER-PIX', v.t. 1. To lay stones under the sills of a 
building, on wdiich it is to rest. 2. To support by some 
solid foundation ; or to place something underneath for 
support. 

Ux\-DER-PIX'X^ED, pp. Supported by stones or a founda- 
tion. 

UX-DER-PIX'XIXG, ppr. Placing stones under the sills for 
support. 

UX-DER-PU\"^'XIXG, 77. 1. The act of laying stones under 
sills. 2. The stones on which a building immediately 
rests. 

UX’'DER-PLOT, 77. 1. A series of events in a play, proceed- 
ing collaterally with the main story, and subservient to it. 
2. A clandestine scheme. 

UX-DEPw- PRAISE', v.t. To praise below desert. 

UX-DER-PRTZE', V. t. To value at less than the w’orth ; to 
undervalue. Shak. 

UX-DER-PRIZ'ED, pp. Undervalued. 

UX-DER-PRiZ'IXG, ppr. Undervaluing. 

UX-EER-PROP', V. t. To support ; to uphold. Fenton. 

UX^-DER-PRO-PoR'TIOX"E1), a. Having too little propor- 
tion. 

t UX-DEE-PULL'ER, ??. An inferior puller. Collier. 

UX-DER-RaTE', V. t. To rate too low ; to rate below' the 
value ; to undervalue. Buck. 

UX"'DER-RATE, 77. A price less than the worth. 

UX-DER-RUX', V. t. To pass under in a boat. Mar. Diet. 
— To underrun a tackle^ to separate its parts and put them 
in order. .Mar. Diet. 

UX-DER-SAT'U-RA-TED, a. X"ot fully saturated. 

I UX-DER-SaY', V. t. To say by way of derogation or con- 
tradiction. Spenser. 

UX-DER-S€oRE', V. t. To mark under. Dean Tucker. 

UX-DER-SE€'RE-TA-RY, 77. A secretary subordinate to 
the principal secretary. Bacon. 

UX-DER-SELL', v. t. To sell the same articles at a lower 
price than another. 

UX-DER-SELL'IXG, ppr. Selling at a low'er price. 

UX-DER-SERV'AXT, 77. An inferior servant. Grew. 

UX-DER-SET', V. t. To prop ; to support. Bacon. 

UX'DER-SET, 77. A current of water below the surface. 

L"X-DER-SET'TER, n. A prop ; a pedestal ; a support. 

UX-DER-SET'TIXG, ppr. Propping; supporting. 

UX-DER-SET'TIXG, n. The lower part ; the pedestal. 

UX-DER-SHER'IFF, 77. A sheriff’s deputy. 

t UN-DER-SHER'IFF-RY", 77. The office of an under-sheriff. 

UX'DER-SHOT, a. Moved by water passing under the 
wheel ; opposed to overshot. 

UX'DER-SHRUB, n. A low shrub, permanent and woody 
at the base, but the yearly branches decaying. 

ULV'DER-SOIL, 77. Soil beneath the surface ; subsoil. Asiat. 
Res. 

UX'DER-SOX"G, 77. Chorus ; burden of a song. Dryden. 

UX-DER-STAXD', v. t . ; pret. and pp. understood. [7777der 
and 5#77 77d.] 1. To have just and adequate ideas of; to 
comprehend ; to know'. 2. To have the same ideas as the 
person who speaks, or the ideas wdiich a person intends to 
communicate. 3. To receive or have the ideas expressed 
or intended to be conveyed in a writing or book ; to know 
the meaning. 4. To know the meaning of signs, or of any 
thing intended to convey ideas, h. To suppose to mean. 
6. To know' by experience. 7. To know' by instinct. 
8. To interpret," at least mentally. 9. To know another’s 
meaning. 10. To hold in opinion w'ith conviction. 11. 
Tl’o mean without expressing. 12. To know what is not 
expressed. 13. To learn ; to be informed. 

UX-DER-STAXD', ?. 1. To have the use of the intellect- 
yal faculties ; to be an intelligent and conscious being. 2. 
To be infonned by another ; to learn. 

UX^-DER-STAXD'A-BLE, a. That can be understood. 
\ Little used.l 

UX-DER-STAX"D'ER, n. One w'ho understands or knows 
by experience. [Little used.] Beaumont. 

UX-DER-STAXD'IXG, ppr. 1. Comprehending; learning, 
or being informed. 2. a. Know'ing ; skillful. 

UX-DER-STAXD'IXG, n. 1. The fiiculty of the human 
mind by w’hich it apprehends the real state of things 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PR^Y ;— FIX, MARIXE, BIRD ;— | Obsolete. 


UND 


875 


presented to it, or by which it receives or comprehends the 
ideas w’hich others express and intend to communicate. 
2 . Knowledge ; exact comprehension. Locke. 3 . Intelli- 
gence between two or more persons j agreement of minds 5 
union of sentiments. 

UN-DER-STAKD'ING-LY, adv. Intelligibly ; with full 
knowledge or comprehension of a question or subject. 

UN-DEIl-STOOD', prct. and pp. oi understand . 

UK'DER-STRAP-rER, n. A petty fellow j an inferior 
agent. Swift. 

UN-DER-STRa'TUM, n. Subsoil ; the bed or layer of earth 
on which the mold or soil rests. Cyc. 

UN-DER-STRoKE', V. t. To underline. Swift. 

t UK-DER-TaK'A-RLE, a. That may be undertaken. 

UN-DER-TaKE', V. t. ; pret. undertook ,• pp. undertaken. 
\_under and take.'] 1. To engage in j to enter upon 5 to 
take in hand 5 to begin to perform. 2 . To covenant or 
contract to perforin or execute. 3 . To attempt. 4 . To 
assume a character ; [t;c>6'.] 5 . To engage with 3 to attack 3 
[06s.] 6. To have the charge of 3 

Ua-DER-TaKE', y. i. 1. To take upon or assume any busi- 
ness or province. 2. To venture 3 to hazard. 3 . To 
promise 3 to be bound. — To undertake for^ to be bound 3 
to become surety for. 

UN-DER-TaK'EK, of undertake. The work was un- 
dertaken at his own expense. 

UN-DER-TaK'ER, n. 1 . One who undertakes 3 one who 
engages in any project or business. 2 . One who stipu- 
lates or covenants to perforin any work for another. 3 . 
One who manages funerals. 

UN-DER-TaK'ING, ppr. Engaging in 3 taking in hand 3 
beginning to perforin 3 stipulating to execute. 

UN-DER-TaK'ING, n. Any business, work or project 
which a person engages in 3 an enterprise. 

UN-DER-TEX'AKT, n. The tenant of a tenant 3 one who 
holds lands or tenements of a tenant. 

f Ui\'DER-TiME, n. Undern-tide 3 the time after dinner, 
or in the evening. Spenser. 

UN-DER-TOOK', of xindertake. 

UN-DER-TREAS'UR-ER, (un-der-trezh'ur-er) n. Asubor- 

Ui\-DER-VAL-U-A'TION, n. The act of valuing below 
the real worth 3 rate not equal to the worth. 

UN-DER-VAL'UE, v.t. 1 . To value, rate or estimate below 
the real worth. 2 . To esteem lightly 3 to treat as of little 
worth. 3 . To despise 3 to hold in mean estimation. 

UN-DER-VAL^UE, n. Low rate or price 3 a price less than 
the real worth. Hamilton. 

UX-DER-VAL'UED, pp. Estimated at less than the real 
worth 3 slighted ; despised. 

UN-DER-VAL'U-ER, n. One who esteems lightly. 

UN-DER-VAL'U-ING, ppr. Estimating at less than the real 
worth 3 slighting 3 despising. 

UK-DER-WENT', pret. of undergo. 

UN'DER-WOOD, v. Small trees that grow among large 
trees. Mortimer. 

UN'DER-WoRK, n. Subordinate work 3 petty affairs. 

UN-DER-WoRK', V. t. 1 . I’o destroy by clandestine meas- 
ures. 2 . To work or labor upon less than is sufficient or 
proper. 3 . To work at a less price than others in the like 
employment. 

UN'DER-W6RK-ER, 7z. One who underworks 3 or a subor- 
dinate workman. 

UN-DER-W6RKTNG, ppr. Destroying clandestinely 3 
working at a less price than others in" the like employ- 
ment. 

UN-DER-WoRK'MAN, n. A subordinate workman. 

UN-DER-WRiTE', v. t. 1 . To write under something else. 
2 . To subscribe. 3 . To subscribe one^s name for insur- 
ance. 

UX-DER-WRTTE', v. i. To practice insuring. 

UX'DER-WRiT-EK, n. One who insures 3 an insurer; so 
called because he underwrites his name to the conditions 
of the policy. 

UN-DER-WRlTTXG, ppr. 1 . lYriting under something. 
2 . Subscribing a polic\’ 3 insuring. 

UN-DER-WRiT'ING, n. The act or practice of insuring 
ships, goods, houses, &c. 

UN-DER-WRIT'TEN, 7;/?. Written under 3 subscribed. 

UX-DE-SCEXDT-BLE, a. Not descendible 3 not capable of 
descending to heirs. 

UX-DE-SGRTB'ED, a. Not described. JJookcr. 

UX^-DE-B€Ri'ED, a. Not descried ; not discovered. 

UX-DE-{?ER V'ED, a. Not deserved 5 not merited. 

rX*-DE-SERV ED-LY, adv. Without desert. Dryden. 

UX’-DE-SERV'ED-NESS, n. Want of being worthy. 

UX-DE-?ERV'ER, 7.’. One of no merit. Shak. 

UX^-DS-SfiRVTXG, a. 1 . Not deserving 3 not having merit. 
2 . Not meriting. Tope. 

UN-DE-SERV'ING-LY, adv. Without meriting any par- 
ticular a^dvantage or harm. Milton. 

UN-DE-SiGN'ED, (un-de-slnd^ a. Not designed 3 not in- 
tended ; not proceeding from purpose. 

UN'-DE-&‘lGN'ED-LY, adv. Without design or intention. 


UND 

UN'-DE-SIGX'ED-X"ESS, n. Freedom from design or sci 
purpose._ Paley. 

UN-DE-SiGNTNG, a. 1. Not acting with set purpose. 2* 
Sincere 5 upright 3 artless 3 havirg no artful or fraudulent 
purpose^ 

UN-DE-SiR^YBLE, a. Not to be desired 3 not to be wished 3 
not pleasing Milton. 

UN-DE-SlR'ED, a. Not desired, or not solicited. 

UN-DE-SiR'ING, a. Not desiring 3 not wishing. Dryden. 

UN-DE-SPaIRTXG, a. Not yielding to despair. Dyer. 

f UN-DE-STROY'A-BLE, a. Indestructible. Boyle. 

UN-DE-STROY'ED, a. Not destroyed 3 not wasted. 

UN-DE-TE€T'ED, a. Not detected 3 not discovered : not 
laid open. R. O. Harper. 

Ux\-DE-TERM'IN-A-BLE, a. That cannot be determined 
or decided. Locke. 

UN-DE-TERM'IN-ATE, a. X'ot determinate 3 not settled 

UN-DE-TERMRN-ATE-NESS, n. Uncertainty 3 unsettled 

UN-DE-TERM-IN-a'TION, n. Indecision 3 uncertainty of 
mind. [See Indetermixatiox, which is chiefly used.] 

UN-DE-TERM'IXED, a. 1 . Not determined 3 >.ot settled 3 
not decided. 2 . Not limited 3 not defined 3 indeterminate. 

UN-DE-TER'RED, a. Not deterred 3 not restrained by fear 
or obstacles. Mitford. 

UN-DE-TEST'IXG, a. Not detesting 3 not abhorring. 

UN-DE-VEL OPED, a. Not opened or unfolded. 

UN-De'VI-A-TING, a. 1 . Not deviating 3 not departing 
from the way, or from a rule, principle or purpose 3 steady 3 
regular. 2 . Not erring 3 not wandering 3 not crooked. 

UN-De'VI-A-TING-LY, adv. Without wandering 3 steadi- 
ly 3 regularly. 

UN- 1 )E-VoT'ED, a. Not devoted. Clarendon. 

UN-DE-VOUT', a. Not devmut 3 having no devotion. 

UN-DEX'TROUS, a. Not dextrous 3 clumsy. 

UN-DI-APH'A-NOUS, a. Not transparent 3 not pellucid. 

UN-DID ', of undo. 

UN-DIG'EN-OUS, a. [L. unda, and Gr. yevog.] Generated 
by water. Kirwan. 

UN-DI-GEST'ED, a. Not digested 3 not subdued by the 
stomach 3 crude. Arhuthnot. 

t UN-DlGHT/,_r. t. To put off. Spenser. 

UN-DIG'NT-FIED, a. Not dignified 3 common 3 mean. 

UN-DI-MINTSH-A-BLE, a. Not cnpable of diminution. 

UN-DI-MINRSHED, a. Not diminished 3 not lessened. 

UN-DI-MINTSH-ING, a. Not diminishing ; not becoming; 
less. 

UN-DINT ED, a. Not impressed by a blow. Shak. 

UN-DIP-LO-MATEU, a. Not according to the rules of dip- 
lomatic bodies. 

UN-DIP'PED, a. Not dipped 3 not plunged. Dryden. 

UN-DI-RE€T'ED, a. 1 . Not directed 3 not guided 3 left 
without direction. 2 . Not addressed 3 not superscribed. 

UN-DIS-AP-POINT'ED, a. Not disappointed. 

UN-DIS-CERN'ED, (un-diz-zernd') a. Not discerned 3 not 
seen 3 not observed 5 not descried 3 not discovered. 

UN-DIS-CERN'ED-LY, (un-diz-zern'ed-ly) adv. In such a 
manner as not to be discovered or seen. Boyle. 

UN-DIS-CERN'I-BLE, (un-diz-zern'e-bl) o. That cannot be 
discerned, seen or discovered 3 invisible. 

UN-DIS-CERX'I-BLE-NESS, (un-diz-zern'e-bl-nes) n. The 
state or quality of being undiscernible. 

UN-DIS-CERNT-BLY, (un-diz-zern'e-bly) adv. In a way 
not to be discovered or seen 3 invisibly 3 imperceptibly. 

UX-DIS-CERN'ING, (un-diz-zeru'ing) a. Not discerning; 
not making just distinctions 3 wanting judgmeiit or the 
power of discrimination. 

UN-DIS-CERN'ING, (un-diz-zern'ing) n. Want of discern- 
ment. 

UN-DIS'CI-PLINED, a. 1 . Not disciplined 3 not duly exer- 
cised and taught 3 not subdued to regularity and order 3 
raw. 2 . Not instructed 3 untaught. 

UN-DIS-€Lo?E', v. t. Not to discover. [A bad trer^f.] 

UN-DIS-€LoS'ED, a. Not disclosed 3 not revealed. 

UN-DIS-€6L'ORED, a. Not discolored 3 not stained. 

UN-DIS-€ORD'ING, a. Not disagreeing 3 not jarring, in 
music ; harmonious. Milton. 

UN-DIS-€6V'ER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be discovered. 

UX-DIS-€oV'ER-A-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be dis- 
covered. 

UN-DIS UoV'ERED, a. Not discovered 3 not seen 3 not 
descried. Dryden. 

UN-DIS-UREET', a. Not discreet 3 not prudent or w ise. 

UN-DIS-€REET'LY,arZi*. Indiscreetly. See Ixdiscueetey. 

UN-DIS-€USS'ED, a. Not discussed 3 not argued. 

UN-DIS-GRa'CED, a. N^ot disgraced or dishonored. 

UN-DIS-GLTS'ED, a. 1 . X"ot dfsguised 3 not covered with a 
mask, or with a false appearance. 2 . Open 3 frank 3 can- 
did ; plain 5 artless. 

UN-DIS-HON^'ORED, (un-dis-cn urd) a. Not dishonored 3 
not disgraced. Shak. 

UN-DIS-MaY'ED, a. Not dismayed 3 ' not disheartened by 
fear ; not discouraged. 

UN-DIS-O-BLI'GING, a. Inofliensive. [L. ?/.] Brown. 


* Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 3 — BULL, UNITE. — U as K3 G as J3 S as Z 3 CH as SH3 TH as in this, f Obsolete 


UND 


87G 


UNE 


tJN-DIS-OR DERED, a. Not disordered ; Dot disturbed. 

UN-DIS-PENS'ED, a. Not dispensed. 2. Not freed from 
obligation. 

UN-DIS-PENS'ING, a Not allowing to be dispensed with. 

UN-DES-PERS'ED, a. Not dispersed ; not scattered. Boyle. 

UN-DIS-PLaY'ED, a. Not displayed ; not unfolded. 

UN-DIS-PoS'ED OF. Not disposed of : not bestowed. Swift. 

UN-DIS'PU-TA-BLE, a. Not disputable. 

UN-DIS-PuT'ED, a. Not disputed j not contested. 

UN-DlS-Q,Ul'ET-ED, a. Not disquieted ; not disturbed. 

UN-DLS-SEM'BLED, a. Not dissembled j open j undis- 
guised; unfeigned. Atterbury. 

UN-DIS-SEM'BUNG, a. Not dissembling ; not exhibiting 
a false appearance ; not false. Thomson. 

UN-DlS'Sf PA-TED, a. Not dissipated ; not scattered. 

UN-DfS-SOLV'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be dissolved or 
melted. 2. That may not be loosened or broken. 

UN-DIS-SOLV'ED, a. Not dissolved ; not melted. Cowpcr. 

UN-DlS-SOLV'JNGj a. Not dissolving ; not melting. 

UN-DIS-TEMTERED, a. 1. Not diseased ; free from mala- 
dy. 2. Free from perturbation. Temple. 

UN-DIS-TEND'ED, a. Not distended ; not enlarged. 

UN-DIS-TILL'ED, a. Not distilled. 

UN-DIS-TIN'GUISII-A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be dis- 
tinguished by the eye ; not to be distinctly seen. 2. Not 
to be known or distinguished by the intellect, by any pe- 
culiar property. 

UN-DIS-TIN'GUrSH-A-BLY, ady. Without distinction ; so 
as not to be known from each other. Barrow. 

UN-DIS-TIN'GUISHED, a. 1. Not distinguished ; not so 
marked as to be distinctly known from each other. 2. 
Not separately seen or descried. 3. Not plainly discerned. 
4. Having no intervenient space. 5. Not marked by any 
particular property. 6. Not treated with any particular 
respect. 7. Not distinguished by any particular emi- 
iicnc6 • 

UN-DIS-TIN/GUISH-ING, a. Making no difference ; not 
discriminating. Addison. 

Ui^-DIS-TORT'ED, a. Not distorted ; not perverted. More. 

UN-DIS-TRA€T'ED, a. Not perplexed by contrariety or 
confusion of thoughts, desires or concerns. 

UN-DIS-TR AGT'ED-LY, adv. Without disturbance from 
contrariety of thoughts or multiplicity of concerns. 

UN-JDIS-TRAGT'ED-NESS, n. Freedom from disturbance. 

UN-DIS-TRIB'U-TEI), a. Not distributed or allotted. 

UN-DIS-TCJRB'ED, a. 1. Free from interruption ; not mo- 
lested or hindered. 2. Free from perturbation of mind ; 
calm; tranquil; placid; serene; not agitated. 3. Not 
agitated ; not stirred ; not moved. 

UN-DIS-TURB'ED-T.Y, ado. Calmly; peacefully. Locke. 

UN-HIS-TURB'ED-NESS, n. Calmness; tranquillity; free- 
dom from molestation or agitation. 

UN-DI-VERST-FIED, a. Not diversified ; not varied ; uni- 
form. 

UN-DI-VERT'ED, a. 1. Not diverted ; not turned aside. 
2. Not amused ; not entertained or pleased. 

UN-DI-ViD'A-BLE, a. That cannot be divided ; not sepa- 
rable. f^iak. 

UN-DI-ViD'ED, a. 1. Not divided ; not separated or disu- 
nited ; unbroken ; whole. — 2. In botany ^ not lobed, cleft 
or branched. Cyc. 

UN-DI-VTD'ED-LY, ado. So as not to be parted. 

UN-DI-VoR'CED, a. Not divorced; not separated. Yovng. 

UN-DI-VULG'ED, a. Not divulged ; not revealed or dis- 
closed ; secret. Robertson. 

UN-Do', v.t. ; pvet. 2 indid ^ pp.vjidone. 1. To reverse what 
has been done ; to annul ; to bring to naught any transac- 
tion. 2. To loose ; to open ; to take to pieces ; to unravel ; 
to unfasten ; to untie. 3. To ruin ; to bring to poverty ; 
to impoverish. 4. To ruin, in a moral sense ,* to bring to 
everlasting destruction and misery. 5. To ruin in repu- 
tation. 

UN-DOCK', V. t. To take out of dock ; as, to undock a ship. 
Encyc. 

UN-DO'ER, n. One who undoes or brings destruction ; one 
who reverses what has been done. 

UN-DodNG, ppr. Reversing \vhat has been done ; ruining. 

IJN-DcV TNG, 71. 1. The reversal of w'hat has been done. 
2. Ruin ; destruction. Hooker. 

UN-D6NE', pp. 1. Reversed; annulled. 2. Ruined; de- 
stroyed. 3. a. Not done ; not performed ; not executed. 

L N-DOUBT'ED, (un-dout'ed) a. Not doubted; not called 
in question ; indubitable ; indisputable. Milton. 

UN-DOUBT'ED-LY, (un-dout'ed-ly) ado. Without doubt ; 
without question ; indubitably. Tillotson. 

UN-DOUBT'FIJL, (un-dout'ful) a. Not doubtful ; not am- 
biguous ; plain ; evident. Shak. 

UN-DOUBT'ING, (un-dout'ing) a. Not doubting; not hesi- 
tating respecting facts ; not fluctuating in uncertainty. 

UN-DRa IN'ED, a. Not drained ; not freed from water. 

UN-DR A-MATflC, \a. Not dramatic ; not according to 

UN-DR A-M AT' I-CAL, \ the rules of the drama, or not 
suited to the drama. 

UN-DRAWN', a. 1. Not drawn; not pulled by an external 


force. Milton. 2. Not allured by motives or persuasion 
3. Not taken from the box. 

UN-DREAD'ED, (ufl-dred'ed) a. Not dreaded ; not feared. 

UN-DReAM'ED, a. Not dreamed ; not thought of. 

UN-DRESS', V. t. 1. To divest of clothes ; to strip. 2. To 
divest of ornaments, or the attire of ostentation ; to dis- 
robe. 

UN'DRESS, n. A loose, negligent dress. Dryden. 

UN-DRESS'ED, pp. 1. Divested of dress; disrobed 2. a. 
Not dressed ; not attired. 3. Not prepared. 4. Not pruned ; 
not trimmed ; not put in order. 

UN-DRi'ED, a. 1. Not dried ; wet ; moist. 2. Not dried ; 
green. 

UN-DRIV'EN, a. Not driven ; not impelled. Dryden. 

UN-DROOP'ING, a. Not drooping; not sinking; not de- 
spairing. Thomson. 

UN-DROSS' Y, a. Free from dross or recrement. Pope. 

UN-DROWN'ED, a. Not drowned. Shak. 

UN-Du'BI-TA-BLE, a. Not to be doubted; unquestion- 
able. 

UN-DuE', a. 1. Not due ; not yet demandable of right. 2. 
Not right ; not legal ; improper. 3. Not agreeable to a 
rule or standard, or to duty ; not proportioned ; excessive. 

UN-DuKE', t. To deprive of dukedom. Swift. 

UN'DU-LA-RY, a. [L. undula.] Playing like w'aves ; weav- 
ing. Brown. 

UN'DU-LATE, or UN'DU-LA-TED, a. Wavy ; waved ob- 
tusely up and dowm, near the margin, as a leaf or corol. 

UN'DU-LATE, v. t. [L. undula.] To move back and forth, 
or up and down, as waves ; to cause to vibrate. 

UN'DU-LATE, v. i. To vibrate ; to move back and forth ; 
to wave ; as, undulating air. Pope. 

UN'DU-LA-TING, ppr. 1. Waving ; vibrating. 2. a. Wavy ; 
rising and falling. 

UN'DU-LA-TING-LY, ado. In the form of waves. 

UN-DU-La'TION, n. 1. A waving motion or vibration. — 
2. In medicine., a particular uneasy sensation of an undu- 
latory motion in the heart. — 3. In music, a rattling or jar- 
ring of sounds, as when discordant notes are sounded to- 
gether. — 4. In surgery, a certain motion of the matter of 
an abscess when pressed, which indicates its maturity or 
fitness for opening. 

UN'DU-LA-TO-RY, a. Moving in the manner of waves ; 
or resembling the motion of waves, which successively 
rise or swell and fall. 

I UN-DULL', o. t. To remove dullness or obscurity; to 
clear ; to purify. Whitlock. 

UN-Du'LY, adv. 1. Not according to duty or propriety. 2. 
Not in proper proportion ; excessively. 

jUN-Du'RA-BLE, a. Not durable ; not lasting. Arnway. 

t UN-DUST', V. t. To free from dust. Mountague. 

UN-Du'TE-OUS, a. Not performing duty to parents and 
stiperiors ; not obedient. Dryden. 

UN-Du'TI-FUL, a. Not obedient ; not performing duty. 

UN-DU'TI-FUL-LY, adv. Not according to duty ; in a dis- 
obedient manner. Dryden. 

UN-DU'TI-FUL-NESS, n. Want of respect; violation of 
duty ; disobedience. 

UN-DY'ING, a. 1. Not dying ; not perishing. 2. Not sub- 
ject to death ; immortal. 

UN-EARN'ED, (un-ernd') a. Not merited by labor or ser- 

VICGS* Philips* 

UN-EARTH'ED, (un-ertht') a. Driven from a den, cavern 
or burrow. Thomson . 

UN-EARTH'LY, (un-erth ly) a. Not terrestrial. Shak. 

UN-eAS'I-L\ ,arft;. 1. With uneasiness or pain. L’Estrange. 

2. With difiicultv ; not readily. Boyle. 

UN-kAS'I-NESS,‘??. 1. A moderate degree of pain ; rest- 
lessness ; w^ant of ease ; disquiet. 2. Unquietness of 
mind ; moderate anxiety or perturbation ; disquietude. 

3. That which makes uneasy or gives trouble ; rugged- 
ness* 

UN-fL\s'Y, a. 1. Feeling some degree of pain; restless ; 
disturbed ; unquiet. 2. Giving some pain. 3. Disturbed 
in mind ; somewhat anxious ; unquiet. 4. Constraining ; 
cramping. 5. Constrained ; stiff ; not graceful ; not easy. 

6. Giving some pain to others; disagreeable ; unpleasing, 

7. Diflicult ; [o&s.] 

UN-kAT'A-BLE, a. Not eatable ; not fit to be eaten. 

UN-eAT'EN, a. Not eaten ; not devoured. Clarendon. 

fUN-EATH', adv. [un, and Sax. eatli, easy.] 1. Not eas- 
ily. Shak. 2. Beneath ; below. Spenser. 

UN-E-€LIPS'ED, a. Not eclipsed ; not obscured. 

UN-ED'I-FY-ING, a. Not edifying ; not improving to the 
mind. Atterburv. » 

UN-ED'U-€A-TED, a. Not educated ; illiterate. 

UN-EF-Fa'CED, a. Not eflaced ; not obliterated. 

UN-EF-FE€T'U-AL, a. Ineffectual. 

UN-E-LAS'TIC, a. Not elastic ; not having the property 
of recovering its original state, when bent or forced out of 
its form. 

UN-E-LaT'ED, a. Not elated ; not puffed up. 

UN-EL'BoWED, c. Not attended by any at the elbow. 

UN-E-LECT ED, a. Not elected ; not chosen ; not preferred 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long.— FKR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD ;— | Obsolete. 


UNE 


877 


UNE 


t UN-EUE-GANT, a. Not elegant. See Inelega-NT. 

UN-EL'[-GI-BLE, a. Not proper to be chosen : ineligible. 

UN-E-MAN'OI-PA-TED, a. Not emancipated. 

UN-EM-BALM'ED, (un-ein-ba.ind') a. Not embalmed. 

UN-EM-BAR'llASSED, a. 1 . Not embarrassed ; not per- 
plexed in mind ; not confused. 2 . Free from pecuniary 
difficulties or encumbrances. 3 . Free from perplexing 
connection. 

UN-EM-BIT'TERED, a. Not embittered ; not aggravated. 
Roscoe. 

UN-EM-BOD'IED, a. 1 . Free from a corporeal body. 2 . 
Not embodied ; not collected into a body. Smollett. 

UN-EM-PHAT'ie, a. Having no emphasis. 

UN-EM-PLOY'ED, a. 1. Notemployed; notoccupied; not 
busy ; at leisure ] not engaged. Addison. 2 . Not being in 
use. 

UN-EM-POW'ERED, a. Not empowered or authorized. 

t UN-EMP'TI-A-BLE, a. Not to be emptied j iiiexhaustible. 

UN-EAPU-LA-TING, a. Not emulating j not striving to 
excel. 

UN-EN-CIIANT'ED, a. Not enchanted j that cannot be en- 
chanted. Milton. 

UN-EN-GHAPBER, V. t. To free from encumbrance. 

UN-EN-€UAPBERED, pp. 1 . Disengaged from encum- 
brance. _ 2 . a. Not encumbered j not burdened. 

UN-EN-DeAR'ED, a. Not attended with endearment. Mil- 
ton. 

UN-EN-DOW'ED, a. 1 . Not endowed ; not furnished j not 
invested. 2 . Not furnished with funds. 

UN-EN-DuRTNG, a. Not lasting ; of temporary duration. 

UN-EN'ER-VA-TED, [See * Enervate.] a. Not enervated 
or weakened. 

UN-EN-Ga'GED, a. 1 . Not engaged ; not bound by cove- 
nant or promise ; free from obligation to a particular per- 
son. 2 . Free from attachment that binds. 3 . Unem- 
ployed ; unoccupied ; not busy. 4 . Not appropriated. 

UN-EN-Ga'GING, a. Not adapted to engage or win the at- 
tention or affections ; not inviting. 

UN-EN-JOY'ED, a. Not enjoyed ; not obtained. 

UN-EN-JOY'ING, a. Not using ; having no fruition. 

UN-EN-LIvR'GED, a. Not enlarged ; narrow. Watts. 

UN-EN-LiGHT'ENED, a. Not enlightened j not illumi- 
nated. 

UN-EN-SLaV'ED, a. Not enslaved ; free. Addison. 

UN-EN-TAN'GLE, v. t. To free from complication or per- 
plexity ; to disentangle. Donne. 

UN-EN-TAN'GLED, pp. 1 . Disentangled. 2 . a. Not en- 
tangled ; not complicated ; not perplexed. 

UN-EN'TER-PRlS-lNG, a. Not enterprising ; not adven- 
turous. 

UN-EN-TER-TaTNTNG, a. Not entertaining or amusing ; 
giving no delight. Pope. 

UiV-EN-TER-TAIN'ING-NESS, n. The quality of being 
unentertaining or dull. 

UN-EN-THRALL'ED, a. Not enslaved ; not reduced to 
thralldom. 

UN-EN-TOMB'ED, rt. Not buried ; not interred. Dryden. 

UN-EN'VIED, a. Not envied 3 exempt from the envy of 
others. 

UN-EN'Vl-OUS, a. Not envious ; free from envy. 

UN-EPT-TAPHED, a. Having no epitaph. Pollok. 

UN-K^dUA-BLE, a. Different from itself 3 different at dif- 
ferent times 3 not uniform 3 diverse. 

UN-k'Q,UAL, a. [L. iyKsqiialis.] 1 . Not equal 3 not even 3 
not of the same size, length, breadth, quantity, &c. 2. 
Not equal in strength, talents, acquirements. <fec. 3 infe- 
rior. 3 . Not equal in age or station 3 inferior. 4 . Insuffi- 
cient 3 inadequate. 5 . Partial 5 unjust 5 not furnishing 
equivalents to the different parties. 6. Disproportioned 3 
ill-matched. 7 . Not regular 3 not uniform. — 8. In botany, 
having the parts not corresponding in size, but in propor- 
tion only, as a corol 3 rugged, not even or smooth, as the 
surface of a leaf or stem. 

UN-|i:'Q,UAL-A-BLE, a. Not to be equaled. Boyle. 

UN-i 5 'ClUALED, a. Not to be equaled 3 unparalleled 3 unri- 
valed ; in a good or had sense. 

UN-e'Q.UAL-LY, ado. 1 . Not equally 3 in different de- 
grees 3 in disproportion to each other. 2 . Not with like 
sentiments, temper or religious opinions or habits. 2 
Cor. vi. 

UN-e'CIUAL-NESS, n. State of being unequal 3 inequality. 
Temple. 

UN-Ed'UIT-A-BLE, a. 1 . Not equitable 5 not just 2 . Not 
impartial. [Ineqydtahle is generally used.] 

UN-E-Q,UIV' 0 -€AL, a. 1 . Not equivocal 3 not doubtful 3 
clear 5 evident. 2 . Not ambiguous 3 not of doubtful sig- 
nification 3 not admitting different interpretations. 

UN-E-dUIV'O-GAL-LY, ado. Without doubt 3 without 
room to doubt ; plainly 3 with full evidence. 

UN-ER'RA-BLE, a. Incapable of erring ; infallible. 

UN-ER'RA-BLE-NESS, n. Incapacity of error. 

UN-ER'RING, a. 1 . Committing no mistake 3 incapable of 
error. 2 . Incapable of failure 5 certain. 

UN-ER'RING-LY, adv. Without mistake. Olanville. 


fUN-ES-CHEW'A-BLE, a. Unavoidable. Carew. 

UN-E-SPrED, a. Not espied 3 not discovered 5 not seen. 

UN-ES-Sa Y'ED, a. Not essayed 5 unattempted. Milton. 

UN-ES-SEN'TI AL, a. 1. Not essential 3 not absolutely 
necessary 3 not of prime importance. 2 . Not constituting 
the essence. 3 . Void of real being. 

UN-ES-SEN'TIAL, n. Something not constituting essence, 
or not of absolute necessity. 

UN-E-STAB'LISH, v. t. To unfix 3 to deprive of establish- 
ment. {^Little used. Milton. 

UN-E-ST ABOLISHED, a. Not established 3 not permanent- 
ly fixed. 

UN-E-VAN-6EL'I-GAL, a. Not orthodox 3 not according 
to Uie gospel. Milner. 

UN-e'VEN, (un-e'vn) a. 1 . Not even 3 not level. 2 . Not 
equal 3 not of equal length. 3 . Not uniform. 

UN-e^VEN-LY, ado. In an uneven manner. 

UN-e'VEN-NESS, 71 . 1 . Surface not level 3 inequality of 
surface. 2 . Turbulence 3 change 3 want of uniformity. 
3 . Want of uniformity. 4 . Want of smoothness. 

UN-EVT-TA-BLE, a. Not to be escaped 3 unavoidable. 

UN-EX-A€T^, a. Not exact. See Inexact. 

UN-EX-A€T'ED, a. Not exacted 3 not taken by force. 

UN-EX- AG'GER-A-TED, a. Not exaggerated. Buckmin- 
stc)* 

UN-E*X-AG'GER-A-TING, a. Not enlarging in descrip- 
tion. 

UN-EX-AMTN-A-BLE, a. Not to be examined. Milton. 

UN-EX-AiVPINED, a. 1 . Not examined 3 not interrogated 
strictly. 2 . Not inquired into 3 not investigated. 3 . Not 
discussed 3 not debated. 

UN-EX-AM PLED, a. Having no example or similar case 3 
having no precedent 5 unprecedented 3 unparalleled. 

UN-EX-CEP'TION-A-BLE, a. Not liable to any exception 
or objection 5 unobjectionable. 

UN-EX-CEP'TION-A-BLE-NESS, n. State or quality of 
being unexceptionable. More. 

UN-EX-CEP'TION-A-BLY, ado. In a manner liable to no 
objection. 

UN-EX-CTS'ED, a. Not charged with the duty of excise. 

UN-EX-CIT'ED, a. Not excited 3 not roused. Brown. 

UN-EX-€OG'I-TA-BLE, a. Not to be found out. Raleigh. 

UN-EX-€OM-Mti'NI-€A-TED, a. Not excommunicated. 

UN-EX-€u'SA-BLE, a. Not excusable. 

UN-EX-Gu'SA-BLE-NESS, n. Inexcusableness, which 

S60« 

UN-EX'E-€U-TED, a. 1 . Not performed 3 not done. 2 . Not 
signed or sealed 3 not having the proper attestations or 
forms that give validity. 

UN-EX'EM-PLA-RY, a. Not exemplary 3 not according to 
exa nple. Swift. 

UN-EX-EM'PLl-FiED, a. Not exemplified 3 not illustrated 
by example. Boyle. 

UN-EX-EMPT', a. Not exempt 3 not free by privilege. 

UN-EX'ER-CTSED, a. Not exercised 3 not practiced 3 not 
disciplined 3 not experienced. Dryden. 

UN-EX-ERT'ED, a. Not called into action 5 not exerted. 

UN-EX-HAUST'ED, a. 1 . Not exhausted 3 not drained 
to the bottom, or to the last article. Addison. 2 . Not 
spent. 

UN-EX-IST'ENT, a. Not existing. Brown. 

UN-EX'OR-CiSED, a. Not exorcised 3 not cast out by ex- 
orcism. 

UN-EX-PAND'ED, a. Not expanded 3 not spread out. 
Blackmore. 

f UN-EX-PE€-Ta'TION, n. Want of foresight. 

UN-EX-PE€T'ED, a. Not expected 3 not looked for 3 sud- 
den 5 not provided against. Hooker. 

UN-EX- PE€T'ED-LY, ado. At a time or in a manner not 
expected or looked for 3 suddenly. 

UN-EX-PECT'ED-NESS, n. The quality of being unex- 
pected, or of coming suddenly and by surprise. Watts. 

UN-EX-PE€'T 0 -RA-TING, a. Not expectorating 3 not dis- 
charging from the throat or lungs. 

UN-EX-Pe'DI-ENT, a. Not expedient. 

UN-EX-PEND'ED, a. Not expended 3 not laid out. 

UN-EX-PENS'IVE, a. Not expensive ; not costly. 

UN-EX-Pe'RI-EN(JED, a. 1 . Not experienced 5 not vers- 
ed 3 not acquainted by trial or practice. 2 . Untried. 

UN-EX-PERT', a. Wanting skill 3 not ready or dextrous in 
performance. Prior. 

UN-EX-PTR'ED, a. Not expired 3 not ended. 

UN-EX-PLaIN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be explained. 

UN-EX-PLoR'ED, a. 1 . Not explored 3 not searched or ex- 
amined by the eye 3 unknown. 2 . Not examined intel- 
lectually. 

UN-EX-PoS'ED, a. 1 . Not laid open to view 3 concealed* 
2 . Not laid open to censure. 

UN-EX-POUND'ED, a. Not expounded 3 not explained. 

UN-EX-PRESS'ED, a. Not expressed 3 not mentioned or 
named 5 not exhibited. 

UN-EX-PRESS'I-BLE, a. That cannot be expressed. 

UN-EX-PRESS'IVE, a. 1 . Not having the power of ex- 
pressing. 2 . Inexpressible 3 unutterable. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 3— BULL, UNITE.— € as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete 


UNF 


878 


UNJb’ 


UN-EX-TEND'ED, a. Occupying no assignable space ; hav- 
ing no dimensions. Locke. 

UN-EX-T 1 N 6 T', a. Not extinct j not being destroyed j not 
having perished. 

UN-EX-TIN'GUJSH-A-BLE, a. 1 . That cannot be extin- 
guished ; unquenchable. 2 . That cannot be annihilated 
or roprosscd# 

UN-EX-TIN'GLFISH-A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree 
that precludes extinction. Johnson. 

UN-EX-TIN'GUISHED, a. Not extinguished j not quench- 
ed ; not entirely repressed. Drijden. 

UN-EX'TIR-PA-TEO, [See * Extirpate.] a. Not extirpat- 
ed ; not rooted out. 

UN-EX-TOUT'ED, a. Not extorted ; not wrested. 

UN-EX-TRACT'ED, a. Not extracted or drawn out. 

UN-FaD'ED, a. 1 . Not faded ; not having lost its strength 
?f color. 2 . Uuwithered j as a plant 

L'N-FaDTNG, a. 1 . Not liable to lose strength or freshness 
of coloring. 2 . Not liable to wither. 

UN-FaD'ING-NESS, n. The state or quality of being un- 
fading. 

t UN-FaIL'A-BLE, a. That cannot fail. Hall. 

j UN-FaIL'A-BLE-NESS, 71 . The quality of being unfail- 
able. 

UN-Fa 1 L'ING, a. 1 . Not liable to fail ; not capable of be- 
ing exhausted. 2 . That does not fail ; certain. 

UN-FaIL'ING-NESS, n. The state of being unfailing. 

UN-FaINT'ING, a. Not fainting j not sinking ; not failing 
under toil. Sandys. 

UN-FAIR', a. 1 . Not honest ; not impartial ; disingenuous ; 
using trick or artifice. 2 . Not honest 5 not justj not 
equal. 3 . Proceeding from trick or dishonesty. 

UN-FAIR'LY, ado. Not in a just or equitable manner. Par- 
nell. 

UN-FAIR'NESS, n. 1 . Dishonest or disingenuous conduct 
or practice ; use of Pick or artifice. 2 . Injustice ; want 
of equitableness. 

UN-FaITH'FUL, a. 1 . Not observant of promises, vows, 
allegiance or duty ; violating trust or confidence ; treach- 
erous ; perfidious. 2 . Not performing the proper duty. 
3 . Impious ; infidel. 4 . Negligent of duty. 

UN-FaITH'FUL-LY, adv. 1 . In violation of promises, 
vows or duty ; treacherously 5 perfidiously. 2 . Negli- 
gently ; imperfectly. 

UN-FaITH'FUL-NESS, 71 . Neglect or violation of vows, 
promises, allegiance or other duty ; breach of confidence 
or trust reposed ; perfidiousness ; treachery. 

UN-FAL'€A-TED, a. Not curtailed ; having no deductions. 

UN-FALL'EN, a. Not fallen. Young. 

UN-FAL'LoWED, a. Not fallowed. Philips. 

UN-FA-MIL'IAR, a. Not accustomed ; not common 3 not 
rendered agreeable by frequent use. Warton. 

UN-FA-MIL-IAR'I-TY, n. Want of familiarity. Johnson. 

UN-FASH'ION-A-BLE, a. 1 . Not fashionable ; not accord- 
ing to the prevailing mode. 2 . Not regulating dress or 
manners according to the reigning custom. 

UN-FASH'ION-A-BLE-NESS, n. Neglect of the prevailing 
mode ; deviation from reigning custom. Locke. 

UN-FASH'ION-A-BLY, adv. Not according to the fashion. 

UN-FASH'IONED, a. Not modified by art ; amorphous ; 
shapeless ; not having a regular form. Dnjden. 

UN-FaST', a. Not safe ; not secure. 

UN-FAST'EN, v. t. To loose 3 to unfix 3 to unbind 3 to un- 
tie. 

UN-FAST'ENED, pp. Loosed 3 untied 3 unfixed. 

UN-FA'THERED, a. Fatherless. Shale. 

UN-FA'THER-LY, a. Not becoming a father 3 unkind. 

UN-FATH'6M-A-i>LE, a. 1 . That cannot be sounded by a 
line. 2 . So deep or remote that limit or extent cannot he 
found. 

UN-FATH'6M-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of being unfath- 
omable. JSTorris. 

UN-FATH'6M-A-BLY, ado. So as not to be capable of be- 
ing sounded. Thomson. 

UN-FATlPoMED, a. Not sounded 3 not to be sounded. 

UxV-FA-'riGTJED', (un-fa-teegd') a. Not wearied 3 not 
tired. Philips. 

UN-FAULT' Y, a. Free from fault 3 innocent. Milton. 

UN-FA'VOR-A-BLE, a. 1 . Not favorable 3 not propitious 3 
not disposed or adapted to countenance or support. 2 . Not 
propitious 3 not adapted to promote any object. 3 . Not 
kind 3 not obliging. 4 . Discouraging. 

UN-Fa'VOR-A-BLE-NESS, n. Unpropitiousness3 unkind- 
ness 5 want of disposition to countenance or promote. 

UN-Fa'VOR-A-BLY, ado. Unpropitiously 3 unkindly 3 so 
as not to countenance, support or promote 3 in a manner 
to discourage. 

UN-Fa'VORED, rt. Not favored 3 not assisted. Goldsmith. 

UN-FkAR'ED, a. 1 . Not affrighted 3 not daunted 3 [0Z/5.] 
B. Jonson. 2 . Not feared 3 not dreaded. .Milton. 

UN-Fir.AS'I-BLE, a. That cannot be done 3 impracticable. 

UJV-FEATH'ERED, a. Having no feathers 3 unfledged 3 im- 
plurnous ; naked of feathers. 

UN-Fe.\T'URED, a. Wanting regular features 3 deformed. 


UN-FED', a. Not fed 3 not supplied with food. 

UN-FEED', a. 1. Not feed 3 not retained by a fee. 2 . Un- 
paid. 

UN-FEEL'ING, a. 1. Insensible 5 void of sensibility. 2 . 
Cruel 5 hard. 

UN-FEEL'ING-LY, adv. In an unfeeling or cruel manner, 

UN-FEEL'ING-NESS, n. Insensibility 3 hardness of heart 3 
cruelty. Darwin. 

UN-FEIGN'ED, (un-fand') a. Not feigned 3 not counter- 
feit 3 not hypocritical 3 real 3 sincere. 

UN-FEIGN'ED-LY, adv. Without hypocrisy 3 really 3 sin- 
cerely. 

UN-FE-LIC'I-TA-TING, a. Not producing felicity. 

UN-FEL'LoWED, a. Not matched. 

UN-FELT', a. Not felt 3 not perceived. Dnjden. 

UN FENCE', (un-fens') v. t. To strip of fence 3 to remove a 
fence from. South. 

UN-FEN'CED, pp. 1 . Deprived of a fence. 2 . a. Not fen- 
ced 3 not inclosed 3 defenseless. 

UN-FER-MENT'ED, a. 1 . Not fermented 3 not having un- 
dergone the process of fermentation. 2 . Not leavened. 

UN-FER'TILE, a. 1 . Not fertile 5 not rich 3 not having the 
qualities necessary to the production of good crops. 2. 
Barren 3 unfruitful 3 bare 3 waste. 3 . Not prolific. 

UN-FET'TER, v. t. 1 . To loose from fetters 3 to unchain 3 
to unshackle. 2 . To free from restraint 3 to set at lib- 
erty. 

UN-FET'TERED, pp. 1 . Unchained 3 unshackled 3 freed 
from restraint. 2 . a. Not restrained. 

UN-FET'TER-ING, pp/*. Unchaining 3 setting free from re- 
straint. 

UN-FIG'URED, a. Representing no animal form. TFotton. 

UN-FIL'IAL, a. Unsuitable to a son or child 3 undutiful 3 
not becoming a child. Shak. 

UN-FILL'ED, a. Not filled 3 not fully supplied. Taijlor. 

UN-FIN'ISHED, a. Not finished 3 not complete 3 not 
brought to an end 3 imperfect 3 wanting the last touch. 

UN-FIR'ED, a. Not fired 3 not inflamed. 

UN-FiRM', a. 1 . Not firm 3 weak 3 feeble 3 infirm. 2 . Not 
stable 3 not well fixed 3 as, with feet unjirm. Dnjden. 

UN-FiRM'NESS, n. A weak state 3 instability. 

UN-FIT', a. 1 . Not fit 3 improper 3 unsuitable. 2 . Unqual- 
ified. 

UN-FIT', v.t. 1 . To disable 3 to make unsuitable 3 to deprive 
of the strength, skill or proper qualities for any thing. 2. 
To disqualify 3 to deprive of the moral or mental qualities 
necessary for any thing. 

UN-FIT'LY, adv. Not properly 3 unsuitably. 

UN-FIT'NESS, 77 . 1 . Want of suitable powers or qualifica- 
tions, physical or moral. 2 . Want of propriety or adapta- 
tion to character or place. 

UN-FIT'TED, pp. Rendered unsuitable 3 disqualified. 

UN-FIT'TING, ppr. 1 . Rendering unsuitable 3 disqualify- 
ing. 2 . a. Improper 3 unbecoming. 

UN-FIX , V. t. 1 . To loosen from any fastening 3 to detach 
from any thing that holds 3 to unsettle 3 to unhinge. 2. 
To make fluid 3 to dissolve. 

UN-FIX'ED, pp. 1 . Unsettled 3 loosened. 2 . a. Wander- 
ing ; erratic 3 inconstant 3 having no settled habitation. 
3 . '’Having no settled view or object of pursuit. 

UN-FIX'ING, pp'^. Unsettling 3 loosening. 

UN-FLx\G'GING, a. Not flagging 3 not drooping 3 maintain- 
ing strength or spirit. South. 

UN-FLAT'TERED, a. Not flattered. Young. 

UN-FL AT'TER-ING, a. Not flattering 3 not gratifying with 
obsequious behavior 5 not coloring the truth to please. 2. 
Not affording a favorable prospect. 

UN-FLED GED, a. 1 . Not yet furnished with feathers 3 irn- 
plurnous. 2 . Young 3 not having attained to full growth. 

UN-FLESH'ED, a. xXot fleshed 3 not seasoned to blood 3 
raw. 

UN-FOIL'ED, a. Not vanquished 3 not defeated. Temple. 

UN-FoLD', V. t. 1 . To open folds 3 to expand 3 to spread 
out. 2 . To open any thing covered or close 3 to lay open 
to view or contemplation 3 to disclose 3 to reveal. 3 . To 
declare 3 to tell 5 to disclose. 4 . To display. 5 . To re- 
lease from a fold or pen. 

UN-FoLD'ED, pp. Opened 3 expanded 3 revealed 3 display- 
ed 5 released ftom a fold. 

UN-FoLD'ING, ppr. Opening : expanding 3 disclosing 3 dis- 
playing 3 releasing from a fold. 

UN-FoLD'I AG, 71. The act of expanding, displaying or dis- 
closing 3 disclosure. 

t UN-FOOL', V. t. To restore from folly. 

UN-FOR-BEaR'ING, a. Not forbearing. 

UN-FOR-BID', \a. 1 . Not forbid 3 not prohibited. 2 . 

UN-FOR-BID'DEN, \ Allowed 3 permitted 3 legal. 

t UN-FOR-BID'DEN-NESS, n. The state of being unfor- 
bidden. Boyle. 

UN-FoR'CED, a. 1 . Not forced 3 not compelled 3 not con- 
strained. 2 . Not urged or impelled. 3 . Not feigned 3 not 
heightened 3 natural. 4 . Not violent 3 easy 3 gradual. .5 
Easv 3 natural. 

UN-F'oR'CI-BLE, a. Wanting force or strength. 


See Synopsis. A, K, I, O, U, Y, 


long.- 


-FAR, FALL, WHAT 3— PREY 3— PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3— f Obsolete 


UNG 


879 'UNG 


UN-FoRD^A-BLE, a. Not fordable ; that cannot be forded, 
or passed by wading. Whitaker. 

UN-FOKE-BoD'lNG, a. Giving no omens. Pope. 

UN-FORE-KNoWN/, a. Not previously known or fore- 
see 11- 

f UN-FORE-SEE' A-BLE, a. That cannot be foreseen. 

UN-FORE-SEEN', a. Not foreseen j not foreknown. Dry- 
den. 

UN-FoRE'SKINNED, a. Circumcised. [Bad.'] Milton. 

UN-FORE-ToLD', a. Not predicted. 

UN-FORE-WARN'ED, a. Not previously warned. 

UN-FOR'FElf-ED, a. Not forfeited. Rogers. 

UN-FOR-GI V'EN, a. Not forgiven j not pardoned. 

UN-FOR-GI V'ING, a. Not forgiving ; not disposed to over- 
look or pardon oftenses ; implacable. Dryden. 

UN-FOR-GOT', )a. 1. Not forgot; not lost to mem- 

UN-FOR-GOT'TEN, I ory. 2. Not overlooked ; not neg- 
lected. 

UN-FORM', V. t. To destroy ; to unmake ; to decompose or 
resolve into parts. Good. 

UN-FORM'ED, a. Not molded into regular shape. 

UN-FOR-SaK'EN, a. Not forsaken ; not deserted ; not en- 
tirely neglected. 

UN-FOR'TI-FlED, a. 1. Not fortified ; not secured from at- 
tack by walls or mounds. 2. Not guarded ; not strength- 
ened against temptations or trials ; weak ; exposed ; de- 
fenseless. 3. Wanting securities or means of defense. 

UN-FORT'U-NATE, a. Not successful ; not prosperous. 

UN-FORT'U-NATE-LY, ado. Without success ; unhap- 

piiy- 

UN-FORT'U-NATE-NESS, n. Ill luck ; ill fortune ; failure 
of success. Sidney. 

UN-FOS'TERED, a. 1. Not fostered ; not nourished. 2. 
Not countenanced by favor ; not patronized. 

UN-FOUGHT', (un-fawt') a. Not fought. Knolles. 

UN-FOUL'ED, a. Not fouled ; not polluted ; not soiled ; not 
corrupted ; pure. Young. 

UN-FOUNU', a. Not found ; not met with. Dryden. 

UN-FOUNU'ED, a. 1. Not founded ; not built or establish- 
ed. 2. Having no foundation ; vain ; idle. 

f UN-FRaM'A-BLE, a. Not to be framed or molded. 

I UN-FRaM'A-BLE-NESS, 71. The quality of not being 
framable. Sanderson. 

UN-FRaM'ED, a. 1. Not framed ; not fitted for erection. 

2. Notfermed; not constructed ; not fashioned. 

UN-FRA-TERN'AE, a. Not brotherly. 

UN-FREE', a. Not free ; as, unfree peasants. Tooke. 

UN-FRe'Q.UEN-CY, n. The state of being unfrequent. 

UN-FRe'Q,UENT, a. Not frequent ; not common ; not hap- 
pening often ; infrequent. Broion. 

f UN-FR e'Q,UENT, [See ^FREquENx.] v.t. To cease to 
frequent. 

UN-FRe'Q,UENT-ED, a. Rarely visited ; seldom resorted 
to by human beings. Addison. 

UN-FRe'Q,UENT-LY, ado. Not often ; seldom. Brown. 

UN-FRI'A-BLE, a. Not easily crumbled. Paley. 

UN-FRIEND'ED, (un-frend'ed) a. Wanting friends ; not 
countenanced or supported. Shak. 

UN-FRIEND'LI-NESS, 71. Want of kindness ; disfavor. 

UN-FRIEND'LY, a. 1. Not friendly ; not kind or benevo- 
lent. 2. Not favorable ; not adapted to promote or sup- 
port any object. 

UN-FROGK', V. t. To divest. Hurd. 

UN-FRo'ZEN, a. Not frozen ; not congealed. Boyle. 

UN-FRu'GAL, a. Not frugal ; not saving or economical. 

UN-FRuIT'FUL, a. 1. Not producing fruit; barren. 2. 
Not producing offspring ; not prolific ; barren. 3. Not 
producing good effects or works. 4. Unproductive ; not 
fertile. 

UN-FRuIT'FUL-NESS, ?f. Barrenness; infecundity; un- 
productiveness ; applied to persons or things. 

UN-FRUS'TRA-BLE, a. That cannot be frustrated. 

UN-FTJL-FILL'ED, a. Not fulfilled ; not accomplished. 

UN-FbM'ED,fl. 1. Not fumigated. 2. Not exhaling smoke ; 
not burnt. Milton. 

UN-FUND'ED,^. Not funded ; having no permanent funds 
for the payment of its interest. 

UN-FURE', V. t. To loose and unfold ; to expand ; to open 
or spread ; as, to unf url sails. 

UN-FURL'ED, pp. Unfolded ; expanded. 

UN-FURL'ING, ppr. Unfolding; spreading. 

UN-FUR'NISH, v.t. 1. To strip of furniture ; to divest ; to 
strip. 2. To leave naked. 

UN-FUR'NISHED, a. 1. Not furnished ; not supplied with 
furniture. 2. Unsupplied with necessaries or ornaments. 

3. Empty ; not supplied. 

UN-FuS'ED, a. Not fused ; not melted. 

UN-FOS'I-BLE, a. Infusible. 

UN-GaIN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be gained. [Little used.] 
P'lerce. 

UN-GaIN'FEL, a. Unprofitable ; not producing gain. 

UN-GaIN'LY, a. [Sax. ungwgnc.] Not expert or dextrous ; 
clumsy ; awkward ; uncouth. Swift. 

UN-GALL'ED, a. Unhurt; not galled. Shak. 


UN-GXR'NISHED, a. Not garnished or furnished ; una- 
dorned. 

UN-GAR'RI-SONED, a. Not garrisoned ; not furnished 
with troops for defense. 

UN-GaR'TERED, a. Being without garters. Shak. 

UN-GATH'ERED, a. Not gathered ; not cropped. 

UN-GeAR', V. t. To unharness ; to strip of gear. 

UN-GeAR'ED, pp. Unharnessed. 

UN-Ge AR'ING, ppr. Stripping of harness or gear. 

UN-6EN'ER-A-TED, a. Having no beginning ; unbegot- 
ten. 

UN-GEN'ER-A-TiVE, a. Begetting nothing. Shak. 

UN-GEN'ER-OUS, a. 1. Not of a noble mind ; not liberal. 
2. Not noble ; not liberal. 3. Dishonorable ; ignomini- 
ous. 

UN-GEN'EROUS-LY, ado. Unkindly; dishonorably. 

UN-Ge'NI-AL, a. Not favorable to nature or to natural 
growth. 

UN-GEN-TEEL', a. Not genteel ; not consistent with polite 
manners or good breeding. 

UN-GEN-TEEL'LY, ado. Uncivilly ; not with good man- 
ners. 

UN-GEN'TLE, a. Not gentle ; harsh ; rude. Shak. 

UN-GEN'TLE-MAN-LIKE, a. Not like a gentleman. 

UN-GEN'TLE-MAN-LY, a. Not becoming a gentleman. 

UN-GEN'TLE-NESS, n. 1. Want of gentleness; harsh- 
ness ; severity ; rudeness. 2. Unkindness ; incivility. 

UN-GEN'TLY, ado. Harshly ; with severity ; rudely. 

UN-GE-0-MET'RI-€AL, a. Not agreeable to the rules of 
geometry. Cheyne. 

UN-GIFT'EU, a. Not gifted ; not endowed with peculiar 
faculties. Arhuthnot. 

UN-GILT'^^^ I gold. 

UN-GiRD', V. t. To loose from a girdle or band ; to unbind. 
Oen. xxiv. 

UN-GiRD'ED, pp. Loosed from a girth or band. 

UN-GiRD'ING, ppr. Loosing from a girdle or band. 

UN-GiRT', pp. 1. Unbound. 2. a. Loosely dressed. 

UN-GIV'ING, a. Not bringing gifts. Dryden. 

UN-GLaZ'ED, a. 1. Not furnished with glass. 2. Want- 
ing glass windows. 3. Not covered with vitreous mat- 
ter. 

UN-GLo'RI-FlED, a. Not glorified ; not honored with 
praise or adoration. 

UN-GLo'RI-OUS, a. Not glorious ; bringing no glory. 

t UN-GLoVE', V. t. To take off the glov^es. Beaumont. 

UN-GLoV'ED, a. Having the hand naked. [L. u.] Bacon. 

UN-GLuE', V. t. To separate any thing that is glued. 

UN-GLU'ED, pp. Loosed from glue or cement. 

UN-GLu'ING, ppr. Separating what is cemented. 

UN-GOD', V. t. To divest of divinity. Dryden. 

UN-GOD'LI-LY, ado. Impiously ; wickedly. 

UN-GOD'LI-NESS, 71. Impiety ; wickedness; disregard of 
God and his commands, and neglect of his worship; or 
any positive act of disobedience or irreverence. 

UN-GOD'LY, a. 1. Wicked ; impious ; neglecting the fear 
and worship of God, or violating his commands. 1 Pet. iv. 
2. Sinful; contrary to the divine commands. 3. Polluted 
by vv^ickedness. 

UN-GoR'ED, a. 1. Not gored ; not wounded with a horn. 
2. Not wounded. 

UN-GORG'ED, a. Not gorged , not filled ; not sated. 

UN-GOT', ) a. 1. Not gained. 2. Not begotten. 

UN-GOT'TEN, j Shak. 

UN-G6V'ERN-A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be governed ; 
that cannot be ruled or restrained. 2. Licentious ; wild ; 
unbridled. 

UN-G6V'ERN-A-BLY, ado. So as not to be governed or 
restrained. Goldsmith. 

UN-GoV'ERNED, a. 1. Not being governed. 2. Not sub- 
jected to laws or principles ; not restrained or regulated ; 
unbridled ; licentious. 

UN-GOWN'ED, a. Not having or not wearing a gown. 

UN-GRaCE'FUL, a. Not graceful ; not marked with ease 
and dignity ; wanting beauty and elegance. 

UN-GRACE'FUL-LY, ado. Awkwardly ; inelegantly. 

UN-GRaCE'FUL-NESS, n. Want of gracefulness ; want 
of ease and dignity ; want of elegance ; awkwardness. 

UN-GRa'CIOUS, a. 1. Wicked ; odious ; hateful. 2. Of- 
fensive ; unpleasing. 3. Unacceptable ; not well receiv- 
ed ; not favored. 

UN-GRa'CIOUS-LY, ado. 1. With disfavor. 2. Not in a 
pleasing manner. 

UN-GRAM-MAT'I-€AL, a. Not according to the establish- 
ed and correct rules o^ grammar. 

UN-GRAM-Mx\T'I-€AL-LY, ado. In a manner contrary to 
the rules of grammar. 

UN-GRANT'ED, a. 1. Not granted ; not bestowed , not 
transferred by deed or gift. Hamilton. 2. Not granted ; 
not yielded ; not conceded in argument. 

t UN-GRaTE', a. Not agreeable ; ungrateful. Swift. 

UN-GRaTE'FUL, a. 1. Not grateful ; not feeling thankful 
for favors. 2. Not making returns, or making ill returns. 


* See Synapsis. IMOVE, BOOK, Do VE ; — BULL, UNITE. — U as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; Cfl as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


UNH 880 UNH 


for kindness. 3. Making no returns for culture. 4. Un- 
pleasing ; unacceptable. 

UN-tiliATE'FUL-LY, arfy. 1. With ingratitude. Wake. 2. 
Unpleasingly ; unacceptably. 

UN-JRaTE FUL-VESS, n. 1. Ingratitude j want of due 
feelings of kinuness for favors received j ill return for 
good. 2. Disagreeableness ; unpleasing quality. 

UN-GRAT'I-FlED, a. 1 Not gratified ; not compensated. 

2. Not pleased. 3. Not indulged. 

UN-GRa VE'LY, ado. Without gravity or seriousness. 

UN-GROUND ED, a. Having no foundation or support. 

UN-GROUND'ED-LY, ado. Without ground or support ; 
without reason. Rwy. 

UN-GROUND'ED-NESS, n. Want of foundation or sup- 
port. 

L N-GRUD'GING, a. Not grudging ; freely giving. 

L'N-GRUD'GING-LY, ado. Without ill will j heartily j 
cheerfully. 

UN-GUARD'ED, a. 1. Not guarded; not watched. 2. Not 
defended ; having no guard. 3. Careless ; negligent ; not 
attentive to danger ; not cautious. 4. Negligently said or 
done ; not done or spoken with caution. 

UN-GUARD'ED-LY, ado. Without watchful attention to 
danger ; without caution ; carelessly. 

UN GUENT, n. [L. wa^ue/itaw.] Ointment ; a soft com- 
position used as a topical remedy, as for sores, burns and 
the like. 

UN-GUENT'OUS, a. Like unguent, or partaking of its 
qualities. 

UN-GUESS'ED, a Not obtained by guess or conjecture. 

UN-GUEST'LiKE, a. Not becoming a guest. Milton. 

UN-GUIG'U-LAR, a. [L. wno-uw.] In ftytarty, of the length 
of the human nails, or half an inch. 

UN-GUIC U-LATE, ) a. [L. ungais.] 1. Clawed ; hav- 

UN-GUIC'U-LA-TED, ^ ing claws. — 2. In botany ^ clawed ; 
having a narrow base ; as the petal in a polypetalous corol. 

UN-GUiD'ED, a. 1. Not guided ; not led or conducted. 2. 
Not regulated. 

UN-GUiLT'Y, (un-gilt'y) a. Not guilty; not stained with 
crime ; innocent. Spenser. 

UiN^GUIN-OUS, a. [h.u7igumosus.] Oily ; unctuous ; con- 
sisting of fat or oil, or resembling it. Forster. 

UN'GU-LA, n. [L.] In geometry^ a section or part of a 
cylinder, cut off by a plane oblique to the base. 

UN'GU-LATE, a. iShaped like a hoof. 

UN-HAB'IT-A-BLE, a. [Fr. inhabitable ; L. inhabitabilis.~\ 
That cannot be inhabited by human beings ; uninhabita- 
ble. 

UN-H A-BIT'U-A-TED, a. Not habituated ; not accustomed. 

UN-HA€K'ED, a. Not hacked ; not cut, notched or man- 
gled. 

UN-HA€K'NEYED, a. Not hackneyed ; not much used or 
practiced. 

UN-HaLE',_o. Unsound ; not entire ; not healthy. 

UN-H AL'LoW, V. t. To profane ; to desecrate. 

UN-HAL'LoWED, pp. 1. Profaned; deprived of its sacred 
character. 2. a. Profane ; unholy ; impure ; wicked. 

UN-HAND', V. t. To loose from the hand ; to let go. 

UN-HAND I-LY, ado. Awkwardly ; clumsily. 

UN-HAND'I-NESS, n. Want of dexterity; clumsiness. 

UN-HAN'DLED, a. Not handled; not treated ; not touched. 

UN-HAND'SoME, a. 1. Ungraceful; not beautiful. 2. 
Unfair ; illiberal ; disingei.uous. 3. Uncivil ; unpolite. 

UN-HAND'S6ME-LY, ado. 1. Inelegantly; ungracefully. 
2. Illiberally ; unfairly. 3. Uncivilly ; uupolitely. 

UN-HAND'SoME-NESS, n. 1. Want of beauty and ele- 
gance. 2. Unfairness; disingenuousness. 3. Incivility. 

UN-HAND'Y, a. 1. Not dextrous ; not skillful; not ready 
in the use of the hands ; awkward. 2. Not conven- 
ient. 

UN-HANG', V. t. 1. To divest or strip of hangings, as a 
room. 2. To take from the hinges. 

UN-H ANG'ED, or UN-HUNG', a. Not hung upon a gal- 
lows ; not punished by hanging. Shak. 

I UiV-HAP', if. Ill luck ; misfortune. Sidney. 

t UN-IIAP PIED, a. Made unhappy. Shak. 

tlN-H AP'PI-LY, ady. Unfortunately; miserably; calami- 
tously. 

UN-HAP'PI-NESS,?». 1. Misfortune; ill luck. 2. Infeli- 
city; misery. 3. Mischievous prank ; [o6s.] Shak. 

UN-HAP'PY, a. 1. Unfortunate; unlucky. 2. Not happy ; 
in a degree miserable or wretched. 3. Evil ; calamitous; 
marked by infelicity. 4. Mischievous ; irregular. 

UN-HAR'ASSED, a. Not harassed ; not vexed. 

UxN-HaR'BOR, y. t. To drive from harbor or shelter. 

UN-HaR'BORED, a. Not sheltered, or affording no shelter. 
Milton. 

UN-HXRD'ENED, a. 1. Not hardened; not indurated; as 
metal. 2. Not hardened ; not made obdurate. 

UN-1IaRD'Y, a. 1. Not hardy ; feeble ; not able to endure 
fatigue. 2. Not having fortitude ; not bold ; timorous. 

UN-HARM'ED, a. Unhurt ; uninjured ; unimpaired. 

UN-HA RM'FUL, a. Not doing harm ; harmless ; innoxious. 

UN-HAR-MO'NI-OUS, a. 1. Not having symmetry or con- 


gruity ; disproportionate. 2. Discordant ; unmusical ; 
jarring. 

UN-H AR-Mo'NI-OUS-LY, ady. Withjaning; discordant- 

UN-IIAR'NESS, y. t. 1. To strip of harness ; to loose from 
harness or gear. 2. To disarm ; to divest of armor. 
UN-HATCH'ED, a. 1. Not hatched ; not having left the 
egg. 2. Not matured and brought to light ; not disclosed. 
UN-HAZ'ARD-ED, a. Not hazarded ; not put in danger ; 

not exposed to loss ; not adventured. Milton. 

UN-HEAD', (un-hed') y. t. To take out the head of. 
UN-HEAD'ED, (un-hed'ed) pp. Having the head taken out. 
UN-HEAD'ING, (un-hed'ing) ppr. Taking out the head of. 
UN-HEALTH'Fl]L, (un-helth ful) a. 1. Not healthful ; in- 
jurious to health ; insalubrious ; unwholesome ; noxious. 

2. Abounding with sickness or disease ; sickly. 
UN-HEALTH'FIJL-NESS, (uu-helth'ful-nes) n. 1. Un- 
wholesomeness ; insalubriousness ; noxiousness to health. 

2. The state of being sickly. 

UN-HEALTH'I-LY, (un-helth'e-ly) ado. In an unwhole- 
som#* or unsound manner. Milton. 

UN-HEALTH'I-NESS, (un-helth'e-nes) n. 1. Want of 
health ; habitual weakness or indisposition. 2. Unsound- 
ness ; want of vigor. 3. Unfavorableness to health. 
UN-HEALTH'Y, (un-helth'y) a. 1. Wanting health ; want- 
ing a sound and vigorous state of body ; habitually weak 
or indisposed. 2. Unsound ; wanting vigor of growth. 

3. Sickly ; abounding with disease. 4. Insalubrious ; 
unwholesome ; adapted to generate diseases. 5. Morbid ; 
not indicating health. 

UN-HeARD', (un-heerd', o?' un-herd') [Sec * Heard.] a. 1. 
Not heard ; not perceived by the ear. 2. Not admitted to 
audience. 3. Not known in fame ; not celebrated. 4. 
Unheard of; obscure; not known by fame. — Unheard ofy 
new ; unprecedented. Swift 

I UN-HEART', y. t. To discourage; to depress ; to dis- 
hearten. Shak. 

UN-HeAT'ED, a. Not heated ; not made hot. Boyle. 
UN-HED'GED, a. Not hedged; not surrounded by a hedge. 
UN-IIEED ED, a. Not heeded ; disregarded ; neglected. 
UN-HEED'FUL, a. Not cautious ; inattentive ; careless. 
UN-HEED'ING, a. Not heeding ; careless ; negligent. 
Dry den. 

UN-HEED'Y, a. Precipitate ; sudden. Spenser. 
t UN-HeLE', y. t. To uncover. Spenser. 

UN-HELM'ED, a. Having no helm. Pollok. 

UN-HELP'ED, a. Unassisted ; having no aid or auxiliary ; 

unsupported. Drydcn. 

UN-HELP'FUL, a. Affording no aid. Shak. 
UN-HES'I-TA-TING, a. Not hesitating; not remaining In 
doubt ; prompt ; ready. Eclec. Review. 
UN-HES'1-TA-TING-LY, ado. Without hesitation or doubt. 
UN-HEWN', a. Not hewn; rough. Dryden. 
t UN-HiDE'BOUND, a. Lax of maw ; capacious. Milton. 
UN-HIN'DERED, a. Not hindered ; not opposed. 
UN-HINGE', (un-hinj') v. t. 1. To take from the hinges. 
2. To displace ; to untix by violence. 3. To unfix ; to 
loosen ; to render unstable or wavering. 

UN-HoARD', y. t. To steal from a hoard ; to scatter. 
UN-Ho'LI-NESS, 71. 1. Want of holiness; an unsanctified 
state of the heart. 2. Impiety ; wickedness ; profaneness 
UN-Ho'LY, a. 1. Not holy ; not renewed and sanctified 
2 Tim. iii. 2. Profane ; not hallowed ; not consecrated ; 
common. Heb. x. 3. Impious ; wicked. 4. Not ceremo- 
nially purified. Lev. x. 

t UN-HON'EST, (un-on'est) o. Dishonest; dishonorable. 
UN-HON'ORED, (un-on urd) a. Not honored ; not regarded 
with veneration ; not celebrated. Dryden. 

UN-HOOK', y. t. To loose from a hook. 

UN-H66p', y. t. To strip of hoops. Jlddlson. 

UN-HoP'ED, a. Not hoped for ; not so probable as to excite 
hope. Dryden. — UaAoped/tjr, unhoped, as above. 
UN-HdPE'FUL, a. Such as leaves no room to hope. Boyle. 
UN-HORN'ED, a. Having no horns. Tooke. 

UxN-HORSE', y. t. To throw from a horse ; to cause to 
dismount. Shak. 

UN-HORS'ED, pp. Thrown from a horse. Dryden. 
UN-HORS'ING, ppr. Throwing from a horse ; dismounting. 
UN-HOS'PI-TA-BLE, a. Not kind to strangers. 
UN-HOS'TiLE, a. Not belonging to a public enemy. 
UN-HOUSE', y. t. 1. To drive from the house or habitation , 
to dislodge. 2. To deprive of shelter. 

UN-HOUS'EDjpp. 1. Driven from a house or habitation. 
2. a. Wanting a house ; homeless. 3. Having no settled 
habitation. 4. Destitute of shelter or cover. 
UN-HOUS'ELED, a. Not having received the sacrament. 
Shak. 

UN-Hu'MAN, a. Inhuman. [But inhuman is the word used.] 
UN-IlCi'MAN-IZE,y. t. To render inhuman or barbarous. 
J. Barlow. 

UN-HUM'BLED, a. 1. Not humbled ; not affected with 
shame or confusion ; not contrite in spirit. — 2. Iwthtology^ 
not having the will, and the natural enmity of the heart to 
God and his law, subdued. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, "Y, 


long.- 


-FAR, FALL, WHAT PR EY PIN, MARINE, BIRD t Obsolete. 


UNI 


881 


UNI 


UN-HURT', a. Not hurt ; not harmed ; free from injury. 
UN-HURT'FUL, a. Not hurtful ; harmless: innoxious. 
UN-HUUT'FUL-LY, ady. Without harm j harmlessly. 
UN-HUS'BAi\D-ED, a. 1. Deprived of support j neglected. 

2. Not managed with frugality. 

UN-HUSK'ED, a. Not being stripj>ed of husks. 
U-NI-UAP'SU-LAR, a. [L. and cap6’it/a.] Having one 
capsule to each flower, as a pericarp. 

U'Nl-€OKN, 71. [L. unicurnis.] 1. An animal with one 
horn ; the inonoceros. This name is often applied to the 
rhinoceros. 2. The sea-unicorn is a fish of the whale 
kind, called narioaly remarkable for a horn growing out 
at h s nose. 3. A fowl. 

U-N l-€ORN'OUS, a. Having only one horn. Brown* 
UN-I-Ue'AL, a. Not ideal j real. Johnson. 
U-NIF'LO-ROUS, a. [L. tinus and Jios.] Bearing one flow- 
er only ; as, a unijlorous peduncle. Martyn. 

U'Nl-FORM, a. [L. uniformis.] 1. Having always the 
same form or manner ; not variable. 2. Consistent with 
itself ; not different. 3. Of the same form with others ; 
consonant ; agreeing with each other ; conforming to one 
rule or mode. 4. Having the same degree or state. 
U'NI-FOKM, 71. The particular dress of soldiers, by which 
one regiment or company is distinguished from another, 
or a soldier from another person. 

U-NI-FOUAFI-TY, n. 1. Resemblance to itself at all times; 
even tenor. 2. Consistency ; sameness. 3. Conformity 
to a pattern or rule ; resemblance, consonance or agree- 
ment. 4. Similitude between the parts of a whole. 5. 
Continued or unvaried sameness or likeness. — jlct of uni- 
formity^ in England^ tiie act of parliament by which the 
form of public prayers, administration of sacraments and 
other rites, is prescribed to be observed in all the churches. 
1 Elii. and 13 and 14 Car. II. 

U'NI-FORM-LY, ady. 1. With even tenor ; without varia- 
tion. 2. Without diversity of one from another. 
U-NI-6ENfl-TURE, 71. [E. unigenitus.l The state of being 
the only begotten. 

U-Nl6'EN-OUS, a. [L. unigena.l Of one kind ; of the 
same genus. Kirwan. 

U Nl-LA'BI-ATE, a. In botany^ having one lip only. 
U-NT-LAT'ER-AL, a. [L. lums and latus.'\ 1. Being on 
one side or party only. 2. Having one side. 
U-NI-LIT'ER-AL, a. [L. w/ms and litera^ letter.] Consist- 
ing of one letter only. 

UN-IL-Lu'MI-NA-TED, a. 1. Not illuminated ; not enlight- 
ened ; dark. 2. Ignorant. 

UN-IL-LUS'TRA-TED, a. Not illustrated ; not made plain. 
U-NI-LOeU-LAR, a. [L. mius and loculus.’] Having one 
cell only ; as, a unilocular pericarp. 

UN-IM-AO'IN-A-BLE, a. Not to be imagined ; not to be 
conceived. Tilloison. 

UN-IM-AG'IN-A-BLY, adc. To a degree not to be imag- 
ined. 

UN-IAI-AGTNED, a. Not imagined ; not conceived 
UN-IAI-Bu'ED, a. Not imbued ; not tinctured. 
UN-IAI'I-TA-BLE, a. That cannot be imitated. 
UN-IAI'I-TA-TED, a. Not imitated. Johnson. 
UN-IAI-MOR'TAL, a. Not immortal ; perishable. 
UN-IM-PAIR'A-BLE, a. Not liable to waste or diminution. 
UN-IM-PAIR'ED, a. Not impaired; not diminished; not 
enfeebled by time or injury. 

UN-lAI-PAS'8IONED, (un-im-pash'und) a. 1. Not endowed 
with passions. Thomson. 2. Free from passion ; calm ; 
not violent. 

UN-IM-PeACH'A-BLE, c. 1. That cannot be impeached ; 
that cannot be accused ; free from stain, guilt or fault. 
2. Thatjcannot be called in question. 

UN-IAI-PeA<^H'ED, a. 1. Not impeached ; not charged or 
accusedj fair. 2. Not called in question. 

UN-IM-PeD'ED, a. Not impeded ; not hindered. Rawle. 
UN-IM'PLI-CA-TED, a. Not implicated ; not involved. 
UN-IAI-PLT'ED, a. Not implied ; not included by fair infer- 
ence. Madison. 

UN-IAI-PLoR'ED, a. Not implored ; not solicited. 
UN-IAI-PORT'ANT, a. 1. Not important ; not of great mo- 
ment. 2. Not assuming airs of dignity. 
UN-IM-POR-TuN'ED, a. Not importuned ; not solicited. 
UN-IAI-Po?'ING, a. 1. Not imposing; not commanding 
respect. 2. Not enjoining as obligatory ; voluntarv. 
UN-IAI-PREG/NA-TED, a. Not impregnated. 
UN-IAI-PRESS'IVE, a. Not impressive; not forcible; not 
adapted to affect or awaken the passions. Beddoes. 
UN-IAI-PRoV'A-BLE, a. 1. Not capable of improvement, 
melioration or advancement to a better condition. 2. In- 
capable of being cultivated or tilled. 
UN-IM-PR<SV'A-BLE-NESS, 71. The quality of being not 
improvable. Hammond. 

UN-IAI-PROV'ED, a. 1. Not improved ; not made better or 
wiser ; not advanced in knowledge, manners or excel- 
lence. 2. Not used for a valuable purpose. 3. Not used ; 
not employed. Hamilton. 4. Not tilled ; not cultivated ; 
as, unimproved land or soil. Franklin. 5. Uncensured ; 
not disapproved ; [ 0 & 5 .] 


UN-IAI-PR5VTNG, a. Not improving ; not tending to ad- 
vance or instruct. Johnson. 

UN-IM-Pu'3’A-BLE, a. Not imputable or chargeable to. 
UN-IN-CHANT'ED, a. Not enchanted ; not afl’ected by 
magic or enchantment ; not haunted, 
f UN-IN-CReAS'A-BLE, a. Admitting no increase. 
UN-IN-GUARBERED, a. 1. Not incumbered ; not burdened. 
2. Free from any temporary estate or interest, or from 
mortgage, or other charge or debt. 

UN-IN-DEBT'ED, a. 1. Not indebted. 2. Not borrowed. 
UN-IN-DIF'FER-ENT, a. Not indifferent; not unbiased; 

partial ; leaning to one party. Hooker. 

UN-IN-DORS'EU, a. Not indorsed ; not assigned. 
UN-IN-DUS'TRI-OUS, a. Not industrious ; not diligent in 
labor, study or other pursuit. Decay of Fiety. 
UN-IN-FEGT'ED, a. 1. Not infected ; not contaminated or 
affected by foul, infectious air. 2. Not corrupted. 
UN-IN-FEG'TIOUS, a. Not infectious ; not Ibul ; not ca- 
pable of (mmmunicating disease. 

UN-IN-FLaA1'ED, a. 1. Not inflamed ; not set on fire. Ba- 
con. 2. Not highly provoked. 

UN-IN-FLAM' AlA-BLE, a. Not inflammable ; not capable of 
being set on fire. Boyle. 

UN-IN 'FLU-ENCED, a. 1. Not influenced ; not persuaded 
or moved by others, or by foreign considerations ; not bi- 
ased ; acting freely. 2. Not proceeding from influence, 
bias or prejudice. 

UN-IN-FORAFED, a. 1. Not informed; not instructed; 

untaught. 2. Unanimated ; not enlivened. 
UN-IN-FORM'ING, a. Not furnishing information ; unin- 
structive. Mitford. 

UN-IN-Ge'NT-OUS, a. Not ingenious ; dull. Bxirkc. 
UN-IN-GEN'U-OUS, a. Not ingenuous ; not frank or can- 
did ; disingenuous. Decay of Piety. 
UN-IN-HAB'IT-A-BLE, a. Not inhabitable ; that in which 
men cannot live ; unfit to be the residence of men. 
UN-IN-HABTT-A-BLE-NESS, 71. The state of being unin- 
habitable. 

UN-IN-HAB'IT-ED, a. Not inhabited by men ; having no 
inhabitants. Swift. 

UN-IiV-I'/TIA-TED, a. Not initiated. 

UN-INJURED, a. Not injured; not hurt; suffering no 
harm. 

UN-IN-Q,UIST-TIVE, a. Not inquisitive ; not curious to 
search and inquire. Warton. 

UN-IN-S€_RrB'ED, a. Not inscribed ; having no inscription. 
UN-IN-SPiR'ED, a. Not having received any supernatural 
instruction or illumination. Locke. 

UN-IN-STRU€T'ED, a. 1. Not instructed or taught ; not 
educated. 2. Not directed by superior authority; not 
furnished with instructions. 

UN-IN-STRU€T'IVE, a. Not instructive ; not conferring 
improvement. Addison. 

UN-IN'SU-LA-TED, a. Not insulated ; not being separated 
or detadied from every thing else. Ure. 

UN-IN-SOR'ED, (un-in-shurd') a. Not insured ; not assured 
against loss. 

UN-IN-TEL'LI-GENT, a. 1. Not having reason or con- 
sciousness ; not possessing understanding. 2. Not know- 
ing ; not skillful ; dull. 

UN-IN-TEL'LI-GI-BLE-NESS, ) n. The quality of being 
UN-IN-TEL-LI-GI-BIL'I-TY, \ not intelligible. Bur- 
net. 

UN-IN-TEIVLI-GI-BLE, a. Not intelligible ; that cannot 
be understood. Swift. 

UN-IN-TEL'LI-GI-BLY, adv. In a manner not to be un- 
derstood. 

UN-IN-TEND'ED, a. Not intended ; not designed. 
UN-IN-TEN'TION- AL, a. Not intentional ; not designed ; 

done or happening without design. Boyle. 
UN-IN-TEN'TION-AL-LY, adv. Without design or pur- 
pose. 

UN-IN'TER-EST-ED, a. T. Not interested ; not having 
any interest or property in ; having nothing at stake. 2. 
Not having the mind or the passions engaged. 
UN-IN'TER-EST-ING, a. Not capable of exciting an inter- 
est, or of engaging the mind or passions. 
UN-IN-TER-AIIS'SION, n. Defect or failure of intermission. 
UN-IN-TER-MIT'TED, a. Not intermitted; not interrupt- 
ed ; not suspended for a time; continued. Hale. 
UN-IN-TER-MIT'TING, a. Not intermitting; not ceasing 
for a time ; continuing. 

UN-IN-TER-MIT'TING-LY, adv. Without cessation ; con- 
tinually. Mitford, 

UN-IN-TER-MIX'ED, a. Not intermixed ; not mingled. 
UN-IN'TER-PO-LA-TED, a. [See * Interpolate.] Not 
interpolated ; not inserted at a time subsequent to the 
original writing. 

UN-IN-TER-RUPT'ED, a. 1. Not interrupted ; not broken. 

Addison. 2. Not disturbed by intrusion or avocation. 
UN-IN-TER-RUPT'ED-LY, adv. Without interruption; 
without disturbance. 

UN-IN-TRENCH'ED, a. Not intrenched ; not defended by 
intrenchments. Pope. 


♦ See Synopsis. AIOVE, BOOK, D6VE BJJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 

56 


UNI 


882 


UNK 


t UN‘IN/TRI-€A-TED, a. Not perplexed ; not intricate. 

UN-IN-TRO-Du'CED, a. Not introduced ; not properly 
conducted ; obtrusive. Young. 

UN-IN-uR'ED, a. Not inured ; not hardened by use or 
practice. Philips. 

UN-IN-VENT'ED, a. Not invented ; not found out. Milton. 

UN-JN-VEST'ED, a. 1. Not invested 5 not clothed. 2. Not 
converted into some species of property less fleeting than 
money. 

UN-IN-VEST'I-GA-BLE, a. That cannot be investigated 
or searched out. Ray. 

UN-IN- VID'I-OUS, a. Not invidious. 

UN-IN-VlT'ED, a. Not invited ; not requested ; not soli- 
cited. 

U'NION, 71. [Fr. union; It. unione ; L. 747 «o.] 1. The act 

of joining two or more things into one, and thus forming 
a compound body or a mixture 5 or the junction or coalition 
of tilings thus united. Union differs from connection^ as it 
implies the bodies to be in contact, without an intervening 
body ; whereas things may be connected by the interven- 
tion of a third body, as by a cord or chain. 2. Concord ; 
agreement and conjunction of mind, will, affections or 
interest. 3. The conjunction or united existence of spirit 
and matter. — 4. Among painters, a symmetry and agree- 
ment between the several parts of a painting. — 5. In ar- 
chitecture, harmony between the colors in the materials 
of a building. Cyc. — 6 . In ecclesiastical affairs, the combi- 
ning or consolidating of two or more churches into one. 
7. States united. Thus the United States are sometimes 
called the Union. Hamilton. 8 . [L. unio.~\ A pearl ; [ 06 s.] 

U-NIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. unus and paino.] Producing one at 
a birth. Brown. 

U-NiQ,LJE', (yu-neek') a. [Fr.] Sole ; without an equal 5 
without another of the same kind known to exist. 

U-NI-Ra'DI-A-TED, a. Having one ray. Encyc. 

UN-IR'RI-TA-TED, a. 1. Not irritated j not fretted. 2. Not 
provoked or angered. 

UN-IR'llI-TA-TING, a. 1. Not irritating or fretting. 2. Not 
provoking. 3. Not exciting. 

U'Nl-SON, n. [L. unus and simas.] 1. In music, an accord- 
ance or coincidence of sounds. 2. A single, unvaried 
note. Pope. — In tinison, in agreement 5 in harmony. 

U'NI-SON, a. Sounding alone. 

U-NIS^O-NANCE, n. Accordance of sounds. Cyc. 

U-NIS'O-NANT, a. Being in unison; having the same de- 
gree of gravity or acuteness. 

U-NIS'O-NOUS, a. Being in unison. Busby. 

U'NIT, 71. [L. 7171745, %initas.] 1. One; a word which de- 
notes a single thing or person ; the least whole number. 
— 2. In mathematics, any known determinate quantity, 
by the constant repetition of wliich any other quantity of 
the same kind is measured. D. Olmsted. 

U-NI-Ta'RI-AN, 71. [L. U7iitus, unus.] One who denies 
the doctrine of the Trinity, and ascribes divinity to God 
the Father only. 

U-NI-Ta'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Unitarians, or to the doc- 
trine of the unity of the Godhead. 

U-NI-Ta'RI-AN-ISM, 71. 7'he doctrines of Unitarians. 

U-NlTE', V. t. [L. 747110, unitus ; Fr., Sp. unir ; It. U7iire.] 
1. To put together or join two or more things, which 
make one compound or mixture. 2. To join ; to connect in 
a near relation or alliance. 3. To make to agree or be 
uniform. 4. To cause to adhere. 5. 7^o join in ijiterest 
or fellowship. Gen. xlix. 6 . To tie ; to splice ; as, to 
unite two cords or ropes. 7. To join in affection ; to make 
near. 

U-NITE', V. i. 1. To join in an act ; to concur ; to act in 
concert. 2. To coalesce ; to be cemented or consolidated ; 
to combine. 3. To grow together, as the parts of a wound. 
4. To coalesce, as sounds. 5. To be mixed. 

U-NTT'ED, pp. Joined ; made to agree ; cemented ; mixed ; 
attached by growth. 

U-NIT'ER, 71. The person or thing that unites. 

U-NTT'ING, ppr. Joining; causing to agree ; consolidating; 
coalescing ; growing together. 

t U-Nl"TION, 71. Junction ; act of uniting. Wiseman. 

fU'NI-TiV'E, a. Having the power of uniting. Morris. 

U'NI-TY, 71. [L. unitas.] 1. The state of being one ; one- 
ness. 2. Concord ; conjunction. 3. Agreement ; uni- 
formity. — 4. In Christian theology, oneness of sentiment, 
affection or behavior. — 5. In mathematics, the abstract ex- 
pression for any unit whatsoever. — 6 . In poetry, the prin- 
ciple by which a uniform tenor of story and propriety of 
representation is preserved. — In the drama, there are three 
unities ; the unity of action, that of time, and that of 
place. — 7. In music, such a combination of parts as to 
constitute a whole, or a kind of symmetry of style and 
character. — 8 . In lain, the properties of a joint estate are 
derived from its imity, which is fourfold ; unitj^ of interest, 
unity of title, unity of time, and unity possession . — 9. In 
law, unity of possession is a joint possession of two rights 
by several titles. 

CNI-VALVE, a. [L. unus, one, and valvw.] Having one 
valve only, as a shell or pericarp. 


U'NI-VALVE, 77. A shell having one valve only. 

U-NI-VALV'U-LAR, a. Having one valve only. Cyc. 

U-NI-VERS'AL, a. [L. %miversalis.] 1. All ; extending to 
or comprehending the whole number, quantity or space. 
2. Total ; whole. 3. Comprising all the particulars. — 4. 
In botany, a universal umbel is a primary or general um- 
bel ; the first or largest set of rays in a compound umbel ; 
opposed to partial. 

U-NI-VERS'AL, 77. 1. In logic, a universal is complex or 
incomplex. A complex universal is either a universal 
proposition, as, “ every whole is greater than its parts,” 
or whatever raises a manifold conception in the mind, as 
the definition of a reasonable animal. An incomplex uni- 
versal is what produces one conception only in the mind, 
and is a simple thing respecting many; as human nature, 
which relates to every individual in which it is found. 
2. 77ie whole; the general system of the universe ; [obs.] 

U-NI-VERS^AL-ISM, n. In theologif, the doctrine that all 
men will be saved or made happy in a future life. 

U-NI-VERS'AL-IST, 77. One who holds the doctrine that 
all men will be saved. 

U-NI-VER-SAL'I-TY, n. The state of extending to the 
whole. 

U-NI-VERS'AL-LY, adv. With extension to the whole ; in 
a manner to comprehend all ; without exception. 

U-NI-VERS'AL-NESS, 77. Universality. 

U'NI-VERSE, 77. [Fr, univers ; L. universitas.] The col- 
lective name of heaven and earth, and all that belongs to 
them ; the whole system of created things. 

U-NI-VERS7-TY, n. An assemblage of colleges established 
in any place, with professors for instructing students in 
the sciences and other branches of learning, and where 
degrees are conferred. A university is properly a universal 
school, in which are taught all branches of learning, or 
the four faculties of theology, medicine, law, and the 
sciences and arts. 

U-NIV'0-€AL, a. [L. unus and vox.] 1. Having one 
meaning only. 2. Having unison of sounds, as the octave 
in music and its replicates. 3. Certain ; regular ; pursu- 
ing always one tenor ; [little used.] 

U-NIV'0-€AL-LY, adv. 1. In one term ; in one sense. 
Hale. 2. In one tenor; [little used.] Ray. 

U-NIV-O-C action, 77. Agreement of name and meaning. 

U<NI-VoQ.UE, ) a. In music, univocal concords are the oc- 

U'NI-VoKE, I tave and its recurrences, above or below. 

UN-JEAL'OUS, a. Not suspiciously fearful ; having no 
unreasonable mistrust. Clarendon. 

UN-JOINT', V. t. To disjoint. Fuller. 

UN-JOINT'ED, a. 1. Disjointed ; separated. Milton. 2. 
Having no joint or articulation. Botany. 

UN-JOY'OUS, a. Not joyous ; not gay or cheerful. 

UN-JUD'GED, a. Not judged ; not judicially determined. 
Pi'ior. 

UN-JUST', a. 1. Not just; acting contrary to the standard 
of right established by the divine law ; not equitable. 2. 
Contrary to justice and right ; wrongful. 

UN-JUST'I-Fl-A-BLE, a. Not justifiable; that cannot be 
proved to be right ; not to be vindicated or defended. 

UN-JUST'I-FT-A-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of not being 
justifiable. Clarendon. 

UN-JUST'I-Fi-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that cannot be 
justified or vindicated. 

UN-JUST'I-FiED, a. 1. Not justified or vindicated. 2. 
Not pardoned. 

UN-JUST'LY, adv. In an unjusV manner ; wrongfully. 

t UNK'ED, or | UNK'ID, fox uncouth; odd; strange. 

UN-KEM'MED, 1 a. Uncombed ; unpolished. Spenser. [Ob- 

UN-KEMPT', ^ sol ete, except in poetry.] 

UN-KEN'NEL, v. t. 1. To drive from his hole. 2. To 
rouse from secrecy or retreat. 3. To release from a 
kennel. 

UN-KEN'NELED, pp. Driven or let loose from confine- 
ment, as a fox or dog. 

t UN-KENT', a. [u77 and ken, to know.] Unknown. 
Spenser. 

UN-KEPT', a. 1. Not kept ; not retained ; not preserved. 
2. Not observed ; not obeyed, as a command. 

UN-KERN'ELED, a. Destitute of a kernel. Pollok. 

UN-KIND', a. 1. Not kind ; not benevolent ; not favorable ; 
not obliging. 2. Unnatural. 

UN-KIND'Ll-NESS, n. Unfavorableness. Hakewill. 

UN-KIND'LY, a. 1. Unnatural ; contrary to nature. Spen- 
ser 2. Unfavorable ; malignant. Milton. 

UN-KIND'LY, adv. 1. Without kindness ; without affec- 
tion. 2. In a manner contrary to nature ; unnaturally. 

UN-KIND'NESS, n. 1. Want of kindness ; want of natural 
affection ; want of good will. 2. Disobliging treatinent ; 
disfavor. 

UN-KlNG', 7 ’. t. To deprive of royalty. Shak. 

UN-KING'LIKE, \ a. Unbecoming a king ; not noble. 

UN-KING'LY, i Shak. 

UN-KISS'ED, a. Not kissed. Shak. 

UN'KLE. Sec Uncle. 

UN-KNIGHT'LY^, a. Unbecoming a knight. Sidney. 


* See Sijnopsis. a, e, I, o, U, Y, /o775-.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY j— PIN, MARINE, BIRD-,— f Obsolete. 


UNL 


883 


UNM 


CJN-KNIT', ®. i. 1. To separate threads that are knit ; to 
open ; to loose work that is knit or knotted. 2. To 
open. 

UN-KNOT^, V. U To free from knots ; to untie. 

t UN-KNoW', V. t. To cease to know. 

UN-KNoW'A-BLE, a. That cannot be known. Watts. 

UN-KNoW'ING, a. Not knowing; ignorant; with o/. 

UiV-KNoW'ING-LY, adv. Ignorantly ; without knowledge 
or desijn. Addison. 

GN-KNoVVN<, a. 1. Not known. 2. Greater than is im- 
agined. 3. Not having had cohabitation. 4. Not having 
communication. 

UN-La'BORED, a. 1. Not produced by labor. 2. Not 
cultivated by labor ; not tilled. 3. Spontaneous ; volun- 
tary ; that ofers without effort ; natural. 4. Easy ; nat- 
ural ; not stiff. 

UN-LA-Bo'Rl-OUS, a. Not laborious; not difficult to be 
done. 

UN-LACE^, V. t. 1. To loose from lacing or fastening by a 
cord or strings passed through loops and holes. 2. To 
loose a woman’s dress. 3. To divest of ornaments. — 4. 
In sea language^ to loose and take off a bonnet from 
a saij. 

UN-La'CED, pp. Loosed from lacing ; unfastened. 

UN-La'CING, ppr. Loosing from lacing or fastening. 

GN-LA€K‘EYED, a. Unattended with a lackey. 

UN-LaDE', V. t. 1. To unload ; to take out the cargo of. 
2. To unload ; to remove, as a load or burden. Acts xxi. 

UN-LaD'EN, pp. of Lade. Unloaded. 

UN-LaID^, a. 1. Not placed ; not fixed. 2. Not allayed ; 
not pacified ; not suppressed. 3. Not laid out, as a 
corpse. 

UN-LA-MENT^ED, a. Not lamented ; not deplored. 

UN-LARI>ED, a. Not intermixed or inserted for improve- 
ment. Chesterfield. 

UN-LATCH*, V. i. To open or loose by lifting the latch. 

UN-LAU*RELED, a. Not crowned with laurel ; not hon- 
ored. 

UN-LAV*ISH, a. Not lavish ; not profuse ; not wasteful. 

UN-LAVHSHED, a. Not lavished; not spent wastefully. 

UN-LAW', V. t. To deprive of the authority of law. Milton. 

UN-LAW'FTJL, a. Not lawful; contrary to law; illegal; 
not permitted by law'. Dry den. 

UN-L AW*FIJL-LY, adv. 1. In violation of law or right ; 
illegally. 2. Illegitimately ; not in wedlock. Addison. 

UN-LAW'FUL-NESS, n. 1. Illegality ; contrariety to law. 
South. 2. illegitimacy. 

UN-LEARN', (un-lern') v. t. To forget or lose wiiat has 
been learned. 

UN-LEARN*ED, pp. 1. Forgotten. 2. a. Not learned ; 
ignorant ; illiterate ; not instructed. 3. Not gained by 
study ; not known. 4. Not suitable to a learned man. 

UN-LEARN'ED-LY, adv. Ignorantly. Brown. 

UN-LEARN'ED-NESS, n. Want of learning ; illiterate- 
ness. Sylvester. 

UN-LEAV'ENED, (un-lev'end) a. Not leavened ; not 
raised by leaven, barm or yeast. Ex. xii. 

UIS’^-LECT'URED, a. Not taught by lecture. Youn^. 

t UN-LEIS'URED, (un-lezh*urd) a. Not having leisure. 

UN-LENT', a. Not lent. 

UxV-LESS', conj. [Sax. onlesan, to loose or release.] Ex- 
cept ; that is, remove or dismiss the fact or thing stated in 
the sentence or clause which follows. 

UN-LES'SONED, a. Not taught ; not instructed. 

UN-LET' TERED, a. Unlearned ; untaught ; ignorant. 

UN-LET'TER-ED-NESS,?i. Want of learning. Waterhouse. 

UN-LEV'ELED, a. Not leveled ; not laid even. Tickel. 

UN-Ll-BID'IN-OUS, a. Not libidinous ; not lustful. 

UN-LT'CENSED, a. Not licensed ; not having permission 
by authority. L. Beecher. 

UN-LI€K'ED, a. Shapeless ; not formed to smoothness. 

UN-LTGHT'ED, a. 1. Not lighted ; not illuminated. Prior. 
2. Not kindled or set on fire. 

UN-LTGHT'S6ME, a. Dark ; gloomy ; wanting light. 

UN-LiKE', a. 1. Dissimilar ; having no resemblance. 2. 
Improbable ; unlikely. Bacon. 

UN LTKE'LI N^i^'? Improbability. Soitth. Locke. 

UN-LiKE'LY, a. 1. Improbable ; such as cannot be rea- 
sonably expected. 2. Not promising success. 

UN-LTKE'LY, adv. Improbably. Addison. 

UN-LTKE'NESS, ?i. Want of resemblance ; dissimilitude. 

UN-LIM'BER, a. Not limber ; not flexible ; not yielding. 

UN-LIM'IT-A-BLE, a. Admitting no limits ; boundless. 

UN-LIM'IT-ED, a. 1. Not limited; having no bounds; 
boundless. Boyle. 2. Undefined ; indefinite ; not bound- 
ed by proper exceptions. 3. Unconfined ; not restrained. 

UN-LIM'IT-ED-LY, arfr. Without bounds. Decay of Piety. 

UN-LIM'IT-ED-NESS, n. The state of being boundless, 
or of being undefined. Johnson. 

UN-LIN'E-AL, a. Not in a line ; not coming in the order 
of succession. Shak. 

UN-LINK', V. t. To separate links ; to loose ; to unfasten ; 
to untwist. Shak. 


UN-LIQ'UI-DA-TED, a. 1. Not liquidated ; not settled ; 
not having the exact amount ascertained. 2. Unpaid ; 
unadjusted. 

UN-LIQ,'UI-FiED, a. Unmelted ; not dissolved. Addison. 

UN-LlQ,'UORED, (un-lik'urd) a. Not moistened ; not 
smeared with liquor ; not filled with liquor. Milton. 

UN-LIS'TEN-ING, a. Not listening; not hearing ; not re- 
garding. Thomson. 

UN-LlVE'LI-NESS, n. Want of life; dullness. Milton. 

UN-LlVE'LY, a. Not lively ; dull. 

UN-LoAD', V. t. 1. To take the load from ; to discharge 
of a load or cargo. 2. To disburden. 3. To disburden ; 
to rejieve from any thing onerous or troublesome. 

UN-LoAD'ED, pp. Freed from a load or cargo ; disbur- 
dened. 

UN-LoAD'ING, ppr. Freeing from a load or cargo ; disbur- 
dening ; relieving of a burden. 

UN-Lo'CA-TED, a. 1. Not placed ; not fixed in a place — 
2. In America^ unlocated lands are such new or wild lands 
as have not been surveyed, appropriated or designated by 
marks, limits or boundaries, to some individual, company 
or corporation. 

UN-LOCK', V. t. 1. To unfasten what is locked. 2. To 
open, in general; to lay open. Pope. 

UN-LOCK'ED, pp. 1. Opened. 2. a. Not locked ; not 
made fast. 

UN-LOOK'ED for. Not expected; not foreseen. Bacon. 

UN-LOOSE', (un-loos') v. t. To loose. 

UN-LOOSE', (un-loos') v. i. To fall in pieces ; to lose all 
connection or union. Collier. 

f UN-LCS'A-BLE, a. That cannot be lost. Boyle. 

UN-LoV'ED, a. Not loved. Sidney. 

UN-L6VE'LI-NESS, n. Want of loveliness ; unamiable- 
ness ; want of the qualities which attract love. 

UN-L6VE'LY, a. Not lovely ; not amiable ; destitute of 
the qualities which attract love, or possessing qualities 
that excite dislike. 

UN-L6V'ING, a. Not loving ; not fond. Shak. 

UN-LUCK'I-LY, adv. Unfortunately ; by ill fortune. 

UN-LUCK'I-NESS, n. 1. Unfortunateness ; ill fortune. 

2. Mischievousness. Addison. 

UN-LU€K'Y, a. 1. Unfortunate; not successful. 2. Un 
fortunate ; not resulting in success. 3. Unhappy; miser- 
able ; subject to frequent misfortunes. 4. Slightly mis- 
chievous ; mischievously waggish. 5. Ill-omened ; inau- 
spicious. 

UN-LUS'TROUS, a. Wanting lustre ; not shining. 

UN-LUST'Y, a. Not lusty ; not stout ; weak. 

UN-LuTE', V. t. To separate things cemented or luted ; to 
take the lute or clay from. 

UN-LuT'ED, pp. Separated, as luted vessels. 

UN-LuT'ING, ppr. Separating, as luted vessels. 

UN-MaDE', pp. 1. Deprived of its form or qualities. 2. a. 
Not made ; not yet formed. 3. Omitted to be made. 

UN-MAG-NET'IC, a. Not having magnetic properties. 

UN-MaID'EN-LY, a. Not becoming a maiden. Hall. 

UN-MaIM'ED, a. Not maimed ; not disabled in any limb ; 
sound ; entire. Pope. 

UN-MaK'A-BLE, a. Not possible to be made. [L.u.'] Grew. 

UN-MaKE', V. t. 1. To destroy the form and qualities 
which constitute a thing what it is. 2. To deprive of 
qualities before possessed. 

UN-MaK'ING, ppr. Destroying the peculiar properties of a 
thing. 

UN-MAL-LE-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality or state of being 
unmalleable. 

UN-MAL'LE-A-BLE, a. Not malleable ; not capable of 
being hammered into a plate, or of being extended by 
beating. 

UN-MAN', v.t. 1. To deprive of the constitutional qualities 
of a human being, as reason, &c. 2. To deprive of men. 

3. To emasculate ; to deprive of virility. 4. To deprive 
of the courage and fortitude of a man ; to break or reduce 
into irresolution ; to dishearten ; to deject. 5. To dis- 
people. 

UN-MAN'AGE-A-BLE, a. 1. Not manageable ; not easily 
restrained, governed or directed ; not controllable. 2. 
Not easily wielded. 

UN-MAN'AGED, a. 1. Not broken by horsemanship. 2. 
Not tutored ; not educated. Felton. 

UN-MAN'LTKE, ) a. 1. Not becoming a human being. 2. 

UN-MAN'LY, j Unsuitable to a man ; effeminate. 3. 
Not worthy of a noble mind ; ignoble ; base ; ungenerous; 
cowardly. 

UN-MAN'NED, pp. Deprived of the qualities of a man. 

UN-MAN'NERED, a. Uncivil ; rude. B. Jonson. 

UN-MAN'NER-LI-NESS, n. Want of good manners ; 
breach of civility ; rudeness of behavior. Locke. 

UN-MAN'NER-LY, a. 1. Ill-bred ; not having good man- 
ners ; rude in behavior. 2. Not according to good man- 
ncrs 

UN-MAN'NER-LY, adv. Uncivilly. Shak. 

UN-MAN-U-FA€T'URED, a. Not manufactured ; not 
wrought into the proper form for use. 


^ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


UNM 


884 


UNN 


UN-MA-NuR'ED, a. 1. Not manured ; not enriched by 
manure. 2. Uncultivated. Spenser. 

UN-MARK'ED, a. 1. Not marked ; having no mark. 2. 
Unobserved ; not regarded ; undistinguished. Pope. 

UN-MAR'RED, a. Not marred; not injured ; not spoiled ; 
not obstructed. 

UN-iMAR'R[-A-BLE, a. Not marriageable. [L. «.] Milton. 

UN-MAR'RIED, a. Not married ; having no husband or no 
wife. Bacon. 

UN-MAR'RY, V. t. To divorce. Milton. 

UN-MAR'SHALED, a. Not disposed or arranged in due 
order. 

UN-M AS'CU-LATE, v. t. To emasculate. Fuller. 

UN-MAS'CU-Lli\E, a. Not masculine or manly ; feeble ; 
efteminate. Milu.n. 

UN-MASK', V. t. To strip of a mask or of any disguise ; to 
lay open what is concealed. Roscommon. 

UN-MASK', V. i. To put off a mask. 

UN-MASK'ED, p;). 1. Stripped of a mask or disguise. 2. 
a. Open ; exposed to view. Dryden. 

t UN-MAS'TER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be mastered. 

UN-MAS'TERED, a. 1. Not subdued ; not conquered. 2. 
Not conquerable. Dryden. 

UN-MATCU'A-BLE, a. That cannot be matched ; that 
cannot be equaled ; unparalleled. Hooker. 

UN-MATCH'ED, c. Matchless ; having no match or equal. 

UN-iVlioAN'ING, a. 1. Having no meaning or signification. 
2. Not expressive ; not indicating intelligence. 

UN-MEANT', (un-ment') a. Not meant ; not intended. 

UN-MEAS'UR-A-BLE, (un-mezh ur-a-bl) a. That cannot 
be measured ; unbounded ; boundless. Siorft. 

UN-MEAS'UR-A-BLY, ado. Beyond all measure. Hoioell. 

UN-MEA.?'URED, a. 1. Not measured ; plentiful beyond 
measure. Milton. 2. Immense ; infinite. Blackmore. 

UN-ME-€HAN'I-€AL, a. Not mechanical ; not according 
to the laws or principles of mechanics. 

UN-MED'DLED icith. Not meddled with ; not touched. 

UN-MED'DLING, a. Not meddling ; not interfering with 
the concerns of others ; not officious. Chesterfield. 

t UN-MED'DLING-NESS, n. Forbearance of interposition. 

UN-MED'I-TA-TED, a. Not meditated; not prepared by 
previous thought. 

UN-MEET', a. Not fit ; not proper ; not worthy. Prior. 

UN-MEET'EY, ado. Not fitly ; not properly ; not suitably. 

UN-IMEET'NESP, n. Unfitness; unsuitableness. 

UN-MEL'LdVVED, a. Not mellowed ; not fully matured. 

UN-ME-Ld'D[-OUS, a. Not melodious; wanting melody. 

UN-MELT'ED, a. 1. Undissolved; not melted. 2. Not 
softened. 

UN-MEN'TIONED, a. Not mentioned ; not named. 

UN-MER'CAN-TILE, a. Not according to the customs and 
rules of ci»minerce. 

UN-MER'CH ANT-A-BLE, a. Not merchantable; not of a 
quality fit for the market. 

UN-M ER'CI-FUL, a. 1. Not merciful ; cruel ; inhuman to 
such beings as are in one’s power ; not disposed to spare 
or forgive. 2. Unconscionable ; exorbitant. 

UN-MER'(M-FUL-LY, ado. Without mercy ; cruelly. 

UN-MER'CI-FUL-NESS, n. Want of mercy ; want of ten- 
derness and compassion towards those who are in one’s 
power ; cruelty in the exercise of power or punishment. 

t UN-MER'IT-A-BLE, a. Having no merit or desert. Skak. 

UN-MER'IT-ED, a. L Not merited ; not deserved ; ob- 
tained without service or equivalent. 2. Not deserved ; 
cruel ; unjust. 

UN-MER'iT-ED-NESS, v. State of being unmerited. 

UN-MET', a. Not met. B. Jonsan. 

UN-ME-TAL'Ll€, a. Not metallic; not having the proper- 
ties of metal ; not belonging to metals. 

UN-MTGHT'Y, a. Not mighty ; not powerful. 

UN-MTLD', a. Not mild ; harsh ; severe ; fierce. 

UN-MILD'NESS, n. Want of mildness ; harshness. 

UN-MIL'I-TA-RY, a. Not according to military rules. 

UN-MILK'ED, a. Not milked. Pope. 

UNMI LL'ED, a. Not milled ; not indented or grained. 

UN-MTND'ED, a. Not minded ; not heeded. Milton. 

UN-MIND FI] L, a. Not mindful; not heedful; not atten- 
tive ; regardless. Milton. 

UN-MIND'FUL-I.Y, ado. Carelessly; heedlessly. 

UN-ivIIND FliL-NESS, n. Heedlessness ; inattention ; care- 
lessness. 

UN-MfN'GLE, v.t To separate things mixed. Bacon. 

t UN-MIN'GLE-A-BLE, a. That cannot be mixed. 

UN-MIN'GLED, a. 1. Not mingled ; not mixed ; pure. 2. 
Pure ; not viHated or alloyed by foreign admixture. 

UN-MIN-IS-Te'KI-AL, a. Not ministerial. 

UxV-MTR'Y, a. Not miry ; not muddy ; not foul with dirt 

UN-MISS'ED, a. Not missed ; not perceived to be gone or 
lost. Gray. 

UN-MIS-TAK'A-BLE, a. That cannot be mistaken. [Little 
nsrd.^ 

UN-M1S-TaK'EN, a. Not mistaken ; sure. Trumbull. 

UN-MTS-TRUST'TNG, a. Not mistrusting ; unsuspicious. 

UN-MIT'I-GA-BLE, a. Not capable of being mitigated. 


UN-MIT'I-GA-TED, a. Not mitigated ; not lessened ; not 
softened in severity or harshness. Shak. 

UN-MIX'ED, la. 1. Not mixed ; not mingled ; pure ; un- 

UN-MIXT', j adulterated ; unvitiated by foreign admix- 
ture._ 2. Pure ; unalloyed. 

UN-MoAN'Ep, a. Not lamented. Shak. 

UN-MOI)'I-Fl-A-BLE, a. That cannot be modified or al- 
tered in form ; that cannot be reduced to a more accept- 
able or desired form. 

UN-MOD'f-FIED, a. Not modified ; not altered in form j 
not qualified in meaning. 

UN-Mo'DlSH, a. Not modish ; not according to custom. 

UN-MOIST', a. Not moist ; not humid; dry. Philips. 

UN-MOIST'ENED, a. Not made moist or humid. 

UN-MoLD', V. t. ’Po change the form ; to reduce from any 
form. 

UN-MoLD'ED, pp. 1. Not changed in form. 2. a. Not 
molded ; not shaped or formed. 

UN-MO-LEST'ED, a. Not molested; not disturbed; free 
from disturbance. Pope. 

UN-M6N'EYED, a. Not having money. Shenstone. 

I UN-MO-NOP'O-LlZE, v. t. To recover from being mo- 
nopolized. 

t UN-MO-NOP'O-LTZED, a. Not monopolized. 

UN-MOOR', V. t 1. In sea languaire, to bring to the state 
of riding with a single anchor, after having been moored 
by two or more cables. 2. To loose from anchorage. 

UN-MOOR'ED, pp. Loosed from anchorage, or brought to 
ride with a single anchor. 

LTN-MOOR'ING, ppr. lioosing from anchorage, or bringing 
to ride with a single anchor. 

UN-MOR'AL-lZED, a. Untutored by morality; not con- 
formed to good morals. Morris. 

UN-MORT GAGED, a. [See Mortgage.] Not mortgaged ; 
not pledged. Addison. Drydtn. 

UN-MOR'TI-FTED, a. 1. Not mortified ; not shamed. 2. 
Nr>t subdued by sorrow. 

UN-MOUNT'ED, a. Not mounted. 

UN-MdURN'ED, a. Not lamented. Rogers. 

UN-MdV'A-BLE, a. That cannot be moved ; firm ; fixed. 

UN-MoV'A-BIiY, ado. Unalterably. Ellis. 

UN-MdV'ED, a. 1. Not moved ; not transferred from one 
place to another. 2. Not changed in purpose ; unshaken ; 
firm. 3. Not affected ; not having the passions excited ; 
not touched or impressed. 4. Not altered by passion or 
emotion. 

UN-MdV'lNG, a. 1. Having no motion. 2. Not exciting 
emotion ; having no power to affect the passions. 

UN-MUF'FLE, r. t. 1. To take a covering from the face. 
Milton. 2. To remove the muffling of a drum. 

UN-MUR'MURED, a. Not murmured at. Beaumont. 

UN-MUR'MUR-ING, a. Not murmuring; not complain- 
ing. 

UN-Mu'SI-CAL, a. 1. Not musical ; not harmonious or 
melodious. 2. Harsh ; not pleasing to the ear. 

UN-MU'TI-LA-TEI), a. Not mutilated ; not deprived of a 
member or part ; entire. 

UN-MUZ'ZLE, V. t. To loose from a muzzle. Shak. 

UN-NaM'ED, a. Not named ; not mentioned. Milton. 

UN-Na'TiVE, a. Not native ; not natural ; forced. 

UN-NAT'U-RAL, a. 1. Contrary to the laws of nature; 
contrary to the natural feelings. 2. Acting without the 
affections of our common nature. 3. Not in conformity 
to nature ; not agreeable to the real state of persons or 
things ; not representing nature. 

UN-NAT'U-RAL-iZE, V. t. To divest of natural feelings. 

UN-NAT'U-RAL-IZED, pp. 1. Divested of natural feel- 
ings. 2. a. Not naturalized ; not made a citizen by au- 
thority. 

UN-NAT'U-RAL-LY, ado. In opposition to natural feelings 
and sentiments. Tillotson. 

UN-NAT'U-RAL-NESS, n. Contrariety to nature. 

UN-NAV'I-GA-BLE, a. Not navigable. 

UN-NAV'I-GA-TED, a. Not navigated ; not passed over in 
ships or other vessels. CoolPs Voyages. 

UN-NEC'ES-SA-RI-LY, ado. Without necessity; need- 
lessly. Hooker. 

UN-NEC'ES-SA-RI-NESS, n. The state of being unneces- 
sary ; needlessness. 

UN-NEC'ES-SA-R Y, a. Not necessary; needless; not re- 
quired by the circumstances of the case ; useless. 

UN-NE-CES'SI-TA-TED, a. Not required by necessity. 

UN-NEED'FUL, a. Not needful ; not wanted ; needless. 

UN-NEIGII'BOR-LY, a. Not suitable to the duties of a 
neighbor ; not becoming persons living near each other ; 
not kind and friendly. 

UN-NEIGII'BOR-LY, adv. In a manner not suitable to a 
neighbor ; in a manner contrary to the kindness which 
should subsist among neighbors. 

I UN-NERV'ATE, a. Not strong ; feeble. Broome. 

UN-NERV'E , (un-nerv') v. t. 3'o depriv'^ of nerve, force or 
strength ; to weaken ; to enfeeble. Addison. 

UN-NERV'ED, 1. Deprived of stiength. 2. a. Weak; 
feeble. 


*See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


UNO 


885 


UNP 


t UN-NkTH', ) adv. Scarcely ; hardly, [See Uneath.] 
UN-NkTHES', i Spenser. 

N-NEu'TRAL, a. Not neutral ; not uninterested. 

UN-No'BLE, a. Not noble ; ignoble; mean. Shak. 

UN-NoT'ED, a. 1. Not noted ; not observed ; not heeded; 
not regarded. Pope. 2. Not honored. 

UN-No'TICED, a. 1. Not observed; not regarded. 2. 
Not treated with the usual marks of respect ; not kindly 
and hospitably entertained. 

UN-NUM'BERED, a. Not numbered; innumerable; in- 
definitely numerous. Prior. 

UN-NUR'TURED, a. Not nurtured ; not educated. 

IJN-O-BEY'ED, a. Not obeyed. Milton. 

UN-OB-JECT'ED, a. Not objected ; not charged as a fault 
or error. Atterbury. 

UN-OB-JEC'l’lON-A-BLE, a. Not liable to objection ; that 
need not be condemned as faulty, false or improper. 

UN-0B-JE€'T10N-A-BLY, adv. In a manner not liable to 
objection. 

UN-OB-NOX'IOUS, a. Not liable ; not exposed to harm. 

UN-(JB-SEuR'ED, a. Not obscured ; not darkened. 

UN-OB-Sk QUI-OUS, a. Not obsequious ; not servilely 
submissh'e. 

UN-OB-SE'UUI-OUS-LY, adv. Not with servile submis- 

si V6116SS* 

UN-OB-SeC1UI-OUS-NESS, n. Want of servile submis- 
siveness or compliance ; incompliance. — 

UN-OB-5? ERV'A-BLE, a. That is not observable ; not dis- 
coverable. Boyle. 

UN-OB-SERV'ANCE, n. Want of observation; inatten- 
tion ; regardlessness. Whitlock. 

UN-OB-SERV'ANT, a. 1. Not observant; not attentive ; 
heedless. Glanville. 2. Not obsequious. 

UN-OB-.SERV'ED, a. Not observed ; not noticed ; not 
seen ; not regarded ; not heeded. Bacon. 

UN-OB-SERV'ING, a. Not observing ; inattentive ; heed- 
less. 

UN-OB-STRUGT'ED, a. 1. Not obstructed ; not filled w’ith 
impediments. 2. Not hindered ; not stopped. 

UN-OB-STRU€T'IVE, a. Not presenting any obstacle. 

UN-OB-TaIN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be obtained; not 
within reach or power. 

UN-OB-TaIN'ED, a. Not obtained; not gained; not ac- 
quired. Hooker. 

UN-OB-TRu^SlVE, a. Not obtrusive ; not forward ; 
modest. 

UN-OB'VI-OUS, a. Not obvious ; not readily occurring to 
the view or the understanding. Boyle. 

UN-OG'0U-PIED, a. 1. Not occupied; not possessed. 2. 
Not engaged in business; beuig at leisure. 3. Not em- 
ployed or taken up. 

UN-OF-FEND'ED, a. Not offended ; not having taken of- 
fense. 

UN-OF-FENDTNG, a. 1. Not offending; not giving of- 
fense. 2. Not sinning ; free from sin or fault. 3. Harm- 

IpcG • irHinrpnt 

UN-oKfENS'IVE, o. Not offensive ; harmless. 

UN-OF'FERED, a. Not offered ; not proposed to accept- 
ance. Clarendon. 

UN-OF-Fl"CI AL, a. 1. Not official ; not pertaining to 
office. 2. Not proceeding from the proper olficer or from 
due authority. 

UN-OF-FI'CI AL-LY, adv. Not officially; not in the 
course of official duty. 

t UN-OF'TExN, adv. Rarely. 

TJN-OIL', V. t. To free from oil. Dryden. 

UN-OIL'ED, pp. 1. Freed from oil. 2. a. Not oiled ; free 
from oil. 

UN-o'PENED, a. Not opened ; remaining fast, close, shut 
or sealed. Chesterfield. 

UN-O'PEN-ING, a. Not opening. Pope. 

UN-OP/ER-A-TiVE, a. Not operative ; producing no ef- 
fect. 

UN-OP-PoS'ED, a. Not opposed; not resisted; not meet- 
ing with any obstruction. 

UN-OP-PRESS'ED, a. Not oppressed ; not unduly bur- 
dened. 

UN-OR'DER-LY, a. Not orderly ; disordered ; irregular. 

t UN-OR'DI-NA-RY, a. Not ordinary ; not common. 

UN-OR'GAN-IZED, a. Not organized ; not having organic 
structure or vessels for tlie preparation, secretion and 
distribution of nourishment, &c. 

UN-O-RIGTN-AL, a. 1. Not original; derived. 2. Having 
no birth ; unr.enerated. Milton. 

UN-O-RIGTN-A-TED, a. Not originated ; having no birth 
or creation. Stephens. 

UN-OB-NA-MENT'AL, a. Not ornamental. West. 

UN-OR'NA-MENT-ED, o. Not ornamented ; not adorned. 

UN-OR'THO-DOX, a. Not orthodox ; not holding the gen- 
uine doctrines of the Scriptures. Decay of Piety. 

UN-OS-TEN-Ta'TIOUS, a. 1. Not ostentatious ; not boast- 
ful ; not making show and parade; modest. 2. Not 
glaring ; not showy. 

UN-oW'ED, a. Not owed ; not due. 


UN-6WN'ED, a. 1. Not owned ; having no known owner ; 
not claimed. 2. Not avowed ; not acknowledged as one’s 
own ; not admitted as done by one’s self. 
UN-OX'Y-GEN-A-TED, ) a. Not having ox)’gen in combi- 
UN-OX'Y-GEN-IZED, \ nation. 

UN-PA-CIF'I€, a. Not pacific ; not disposed to peace ; not 
of a peaceable disposition. Wartov. 

UN-PAC'I-FIED, a. Not pacified ; not appeased. 
UN-PACK', V. t. 1. To open, as things packed. 2. To dis- 
burden ; [little used.] Sha/c. 

UN-PACK' ED, pp. 1. Opened, as goods. 2. a. Not pack- 
ed ; not collected by unlawful artifices. Hudibras. 
UN-PACK'Ix\G, ppr. Opening, as a package. 

UN-PaID', a. 1. Not paid ; not discharged ; as a debt. 
2. Not having received what is due ; as, unpaid workmen. 
Pope. — Unpaid for, not paid for ; taken on credit. 
UN-PaIN'ED, a. Not pained ; suffering no pain. Milton. 
UN-PaIN'FFL, a. Not painful ; giving no pain. Locke. 
UN-PAL'A-'i'A BLE, a. 1. Not palatable ; disgusting to the 
taste. 2. Not such as to be relished ; disagreeable. 
UN-PALL'ED, a. Not deadened. 

UN-PAN 'O-PLIED, a. Destitute of panoply. Poll ok. 
UN-PA R'A-DIISE, r. t. To deprive of happiness like that 
of paradise ; to render unhappy. Young. 

UN-PAR' A-GONED, a. Unequaled ; uinnatched. 
UN-PAR'AL-LELED, a. Having no parallel or equal ; un- 
equaled ; unmatched. Addison. 

Ui\-PAR'DON-A-BLE, a. Not to be forgiven ; that cannot 
be pardoned or remitted. Rogers. 

UN-PaR'DON-A-BLY', adv. Beyond forgiveness. Atter- 
bury. 

UN-PAR'DONED, a. 1. Not pardoned; not forgiven. Rog- 
ers. 2. Not having received a legal pardon. 
UN-PAR'DON-ING, a. Not forgiving; not disposed to par- 
don. Dryden. 

UN-PAR-LIA-MEXT'A-RI-NESS, n. Contrariety to the 
rules, usages or constitution of parliament. 

UN-PA R-LIA-MENT'A-RY, a. 1. Contrary to the usages 
or rules of proceeding in parliament. 2. Contrary to the 
rules or usages of legislative bodies. 

UN-PART'ED, a. Not parted ; not divided ; not separated. 
Prior. 

t UN-PAR'TIAL, «. Not partial. See Impartial. 
t UN-PAR'TIAL-LY, ady. Fairly; impartially. 

UN-PA SS'x\-BLE, a. I. Not admitting persons to pass ; im- 
passable. 2. Not current ; not received in common pay- 
ments. 

t UN-PAS'SION-ATE, \ a. Calm; free from passion; 
t Ui\-PAS'SION-A-TED, \ impartial, 
t UN-PAS'SION-ATE-LY, adv. Without passion ; calmly. 
UN-PAS'TOR-AL, a. Not pastoral ; not suitable to pastoral 
manners. Warton. 

UN-PAT'ENT-ED, a. Not granted by patent. Cranch. 
UN-PATH'ED, a. 1. Unmarked by passage ; not trodden. 
Shak. 2. Not being beaten into a path ; as, unpathed 
snow. 

UN-PA-THET'IC, a. Not pathetic ; not adapted to move 
the passions or excite emotion. Warton. 
UN-PAT'RON-IZED, a. Not having a patron ; not sup- 
ported by friends. Johnson. 

UN-PAT'TERx\ED, a. Having no equal. Beaumont. 
UN-PaV'ED, a. Not paved ; not covered with stone. 
UN-PAWN'ED, a. Not pawned ; not pledged. Pope. 
t UN-PAY', V. t. 1. To undo. Shak. 2. Not to pay or com- 
pen^te. 

UN-PeACE'A-BLE, a. Not peaceable ; quarrelsome. 
UN-PeACE'x\-BLE-NESS, n. Unquietness ; quarrelsome- 
ness^ 

UN-PeACE'FUL, a. Not pacific or peaceful ; unquiet. 
UN-PED'I-GREED, a. Not distinguished by a pedigree. 

UN -PEG', V. t. 1. To loose from pegs ; to open. 2. To pull 
out the peg from. 

UN-PELl'ED, a. Not pelted ; not assailed with stones. 
UN-PEN', V. t. To let out or sufler to escape by breaking a 
danij or opening a pen. Blackstone. 

UN-Pe'NAL, a. Not penal ; not subject to a penalty. 
UN-PEN'E-TRA-BLE, a. Not to be penetrated, 
t UN-PEN'I-TENT, «. Not penitent. 

UN-PEN'NED, pp. Unfastened ; let out. 

UN-PEN'xNING, ppr. Suffering to escape ; unlocking. 
UN-PEN'SIONED, a. 1. Not pensioned ; not rewarded by 
a pension. 2. Not kept in pay ; not field in dependence 
by a_pension. 

UN-PeO'PLE, V. t. To deprive of inhabitants; to depopu- 
late to dispeople. Dryden. 

UN-PeO'PLED, pp. Depopulated ; dispeopled. 
UN-PeOPLING, ppr. Depopulating. 
UN-PER-CeIV'A-BLE, a. Not to be perceived. 
UN-PER-CeIV'ED, a. Not perceived ; not heeded; not ob- 
served ; not noticed. Milton. 

UN-PER-CeIY'ED-LY, adv. So as not to be perceived, 
t UN-PER'FECT, a. Not perfect; not complete. 
UN-PER'FECT-ED, «. Not perfected ; not completed. 
UN-PER'FECT-LY, adv. Imperfectly. Hales. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — B^JLL, UNITE. — C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


UNP 


UNP 886 


f UN-PER'FEGT-NESS, n. Want of perfectness j incom- 
pleteness. 

UN-PER'FO-RA-TED, a. Not perforated j not penetrated 
by openings. 

UN-PER-FORM'ED, a. 1. Not performed ; not done ; not 
executed. 2. Not fulfilled. Taylor. 

UN-PER-FORM'ING, a. Not performing. Dryden. 

I UN-PER'ISH-A-BLE, a. Not perishable ; not subject to 
decay. 

t UN-PER'ISH-ED, a. Not violated j not destroyed. Sir T. 
Elyot. 

UN-PER'ISH-ING, a. Not perishing ; durable. 

UN-PER'MA-NENT, a. Not permanent ; not durable. 

UN-PER'JURED, a. Free from the crime of perjury. 
Dryden. 

UN-PER-PLEX', V. t. To free from perplexity. Donne. 

UN-PER-PLEX'£D, a. 1. Not perplexed; not harassed; 
not embarrassed. 2. Free from perplexity or complica- 
tion ; simple. 

UN-PER'SPI-RA-BLE, [See * Perspirable.] a. That can- 
not be perspired, or emitted through the pores of the skin. 
Arhuthnot. 

UN-PER-SUa'DA-BLE, a. That cannot be persuaded, or 
influenced by motives urged. Sidney. 

UN-PER-VERT'ED, a. Not perverted ; not wrested or 
turned to a vvrong sense or use. 

UN-PET'RI-FiED, a. Not petrified ; not converted into 
stone. 

UN-PHIL-O-SOPH'IG, ) a. Not according to the rules 

UN-PHIL-O-SOPH'I-CAL, \ or principles of sound phi- 
losophy ; contrary to philosophy. 

UN-PHIL-0-SOPH'I-€AL-LY, adv. In a manner contrary 
to the principles of sound philosophy or right reason. 

UN-PHIL-O-SOPIPI-GAL-NESS, ?i. Incongruity with phi- 
losophy. JVorris. 

UN-PHI-LOS/Q-PHiZE, v. t. To degrade from the charac- 
ter of a philosopher. Pope. 

UN-PHI-LOS'O-PHiZED, pp. or a. 1. Degraded from the 
rank of a philosopher. 2. Not sophisticated or perverted 
by philosophy. 

f UN-PHYS'I€KED, a. Not influenced by medicine; not 
physicked. Howell. 

UN-PIERC'ED, (un-persP) a. Not pierced ; not penetrated. 
Oay. 

UN-PIL'LARED, a. Deprived of pillars. Pope. 

UN-PIL'LoWED, a. Having no pillow; having the head 
not supported. Milton. 

UN-PIN', V. t. To loose from pins ; to unfasten what is 
held together by pins. 

UN-PINK'ED, a. Not pinked ; not marked or set with eye- 
let holes. Shak. 

UN-PIT'IED, a. Not pitied ; not compassionated j not re- 
garded with sympathetic sorrow. Pope. 

UN-PIT'I-FUL, a. 1. Having no pity. 2. Not exciting 
pity. 

UN-PIT'I-FUL-LY, adv. Unmercifully ; without mercy. 

UN-PIT'Y-ING, a. Having no pity ; showing no compassion. 

t UN-PLa'€A-BLE, a. Not to be appeased. 

UN-PLa'CED, a. Having no office or employment under 
the government. Pope. 

UN-PLaGU'ED, a. Not plagued ; not harassed. 

UN-PLANT'ED, a. Not planted ; of spontaneous growth. 

UN-PLAS'TERED, a. Not plastered. 

UN-PLAUS'I-BLE, a. Not plausible ; not having a fair ap- 
pearaiice. Milton. 

UN-PL AUS'I-BLY, ado. Not with a fair appearance. 

UN-PL AUS'IVE, a. Notapproving; not applauding. 

TJN-PLeAD'A-BLE, a. That cannot be pleaded. 

UN-PLEAS'ANT, a. Not pleasant ; not affording pleasure ; 
disagreeable. Hooker. 

UN-PLEAS'ANT-LY, (un-plez'ant-ly) adv. In a manner 
not pleasing ; uneasily. Pope. 

UN-PLE AS'ANT-NESS, (un-plez'ant-nes) n. Disagreeable- 
ness ;_the state or quality of not giving pleasure. Hooker. 

UN-PLeAS'ED, a. Not pleased ; displeased. Dryden. 

UN-PLeAS'ING, a. Offensive ; disgusting. Dryden. 

UN-PLeAS'ING-LY, adv. In a manner to displease. 

UN-PLeAS'ING-NESS, n. Want of qualities to please. 

t UN-PLeAS'IVE, a. Not pleasing. Bp. Hall. 

UN-PLEDG'ED, a. Not pledged ; not mortgaged. 

UN-PLi'A-BLE, a. Not pliable ; not easily bent. 

UN-PLPANT, a. 1. Not pliant; not easily bent; stiff'. 
Wotton. 2. Not readily yielding the will ; not compliant. 

UN-PLOUGIPED, a. Not ploughed. Mortimer. 

UN-PLuME', v. t. To strip of plumes ; to degrade. Olan. 

UN-PLuM'ED, pp. or a. Deprived of plumes ; destitute of 
plumes. 

UN-PLUN'DERED, a. Not plundered or stripped. 

UN-PO-ET'IG, I a. 1. Not poetical; not having the 

UN-PO-ET'I-€AL, ^ beauties of verse. 2. Not becoming 
a poet. 

UN-PO-ETT-UAL-LY, adv. 1. In a manner not comport- 
ing with the nature of poetry. 2. In a manner unbe- 
coming a poet. 


UN-POINT'ED, a. 1. Having no point or sting. 2. Not 
having marks by which to distinguish sentences, mem- 
bers and clauses in writing. 3. Not having the vowel 
points or marks. 

UN-POIS'ON, V. t. To remove or expel poison. South. 

UN-POlS'EDj^a. Not poised ; not balanced. Thomson. 

UN-Po'LAR-iZED, a. Not polarized ; not having polarity. 

UN-POL'I-CIED, a. Not having civil polity, or a regular 
form of government. 

UN-POL'IsSHED, a. 1. Not polished; not made bright by 
attrition. 2. Not refined in manners ; uncivilized ; rude ; 
plain. 

UN-PO-LiTE', a. 1. Not refined in manners ; not elegant. 
2. Not civil ; not courteous; rude ; see Impolite. 

UN-PO-LiTE'LY, adv. In an uncivil or rude manner. 

UN-PO-LiTE'NESS, n. 1. Want of refinement in man- 
ners; rudeness. 2. Incivility ; want of courtesy. 

UN-PoLL'ED, a. 1. Not registered as a voter. 2. Unplun- 
dered ; not stripped. Fanshaw. 

UN-POL-LuT'ED, a. Not polluted ; not defiled ; not cor- 
rupted. 

UN-POP'U-LAR, a. 1. Not popular; not having the public 
favor. 2. Not pleasing the people. 

UN-POP-U-LAR'I-TY, n. The state of not enjoying the 
public favor, or of not pleasing the people. 

UN-PoRT'A-BLE, a. Not to be carried. Raleigh. 

UN-PoR'TIONED, a. Not endowed or furnished with a 
portion or fortune. 

UN-PoRT'U-OUS, a. Having no ports. Burke. 

UN-POS-SESS'ED, a. Not possessed ; not held ; not occu- 
pied. 

UN-POS-SESS'ING, a. Having no possessions. Shak. 

fUN-POS'SI-BLE, a. Not possible. 

UN-POW'DERED, a. Not sprinkled with powder. 

t UN-PRA€'TI-€A-BLE, a. That cannot be performed. 

UN-PRA€'TlCED, a. 1. Not having been taught by prac- 
tice ; not skilled ; not having experience ; raw ; unskill- 
ful. 2. Not known ; not familiar by use ; 

UN-PRaIS'ED, a. Not praised ; not celebrated. Dryden. 

UN-PRE-Ca'RI-OUS, a. Not dependent on another; not 
uncertain. Blackmore. 

UN-PREC'E-DENT-ED, a. Having no precedent or exam- 
ple ; not preceded by a like case; not having the authori- 
ty of prior example. Swift. 

UN-PRE-CiSE', a. Not precise ; not exact. JVarton. 

UN-PRE-DES'TiNED, a. Not previously determined. 

UN-PRE-DICT', V. t. To retract prediction. Milton. 

UN-PRE-FER'RED, a. Not preferred ; not advanced 
Collier. 

UN-PREG'NANT, a. Not pregnant. 2. Not prolific; not 
quick of wit. Shak. 

UN-PRE-Ju'DI-€ATE, a. Not prepossessed by settled 
opinions. [Little used.~\ Taylor. 

UN-PREJ'U-DiCED, a. 1. Not prejudiced ; free from un- 
due bias or prepossession ; not preoccupied by opinion ; 
impartial. 2. Not warped by prejudice. 

UN-PREJ'U-DIC-ED-NESS,n. State of being unprejudiced. 
Clarke. 

UN-PRE-LAT'I-€AL, a. Unsuitable to a prelate. 

UN-PRE-MED'I-TA-TED, a. 1. Not previously meditated 
or prepared in the mind. 2. Not previously purposed or 
intended ; not done by design. 

UN-PRE-PaR'ED, a. 1. Not prepared ; not ready ; not fit- 
ted or furnished by previous measures. 2. Not prepared 
by holiness of life for the event of death and a happy im- 
mortality. 

UN-PRE-PaR'ED-NESS, n. State of being unprepared. 

UN-PRE-POS-SESS'ED, a. Not prepossessed; not biased 
by previous opinions ; not partial. South. 

UN-PRE-POS-SESS'ING, a. Not having a winning ap- 
pearance. 

UN-PRESS'ED, a. 1. Not pressed. 2. Not enforced. 

UN-PRE-SUMP'TU-OUS, a. Not presumptuous ; not rash ; 
modest ; submissive. Cowper. 

UN-PRE-TEND'ING, a. Not claiming distinction ; modest. 

UN-PRE-VaIL'ING, a. Being of no force ; vain. Shak. 

UN-PRE-VENT'ED, a. 1. Not prevented; not hindered. 
Shak. _2. Not preceded by any thing; [o6s.] Milton. 

UN-PRIeST', V. t. To deprive of the orders of a priest. 

UN-PRIeST'LY, a. Unsuitable to a priest. Bale. 

UN-PRINCE', V. t. To deprive of principality or sov- 
ereignty. Swift. 

UN-PRINCE'LY, a. Unbecoming a prince ; not resembling 
a prince. K. Charles. 

UN-PRIN'CI-PLED, a. 1. Not having settled principles. 
2. Having no good moral principles ; destitute of virtue ; 
not restrained by conscience ; profligate. 

UN-PRINT'ED, a. 1. Not printed ; as a literary work. Pope, 

2. Not stamped with figures ; white. 

UN-PRIS'ONED, a. Set free from confinement. 

UN-PRiZ'A-BLE, a. Not valued ; not of estimation. 

UN-PRIZ'ED, a. Not valued. Shak. 

UN-PRO-€IiAlM'ED, a. Not proclaimed ; not notified by 
public declaration. Milton. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PRgY; — HN, MARINE, BiRD ; — | Obsolete. 


UNP 


887 


UNR 


UN-PRO-DUC/TrVE, a. ]. Not productive ; barren. Burke. 
— 2. More generally^ not producing ^arge crops ; not ma- 
king profitable returns for labor. 3. Not profitable 5 not 
producing profit or interest, as capital. 4. Not efficient j 
not producing any effect. 

UN-PRO-DUC'TIVE-NESS, n. Tbe state of being unpro- 
ductive, as land, stock, capital, labor, &c. 

UN-PRO-FaN'ED, Not profaned ; not violated. 

UN-PRO-FES'SION-AL, a. 1. Not pertaining to one’s pro- 
fession. 2. Not belonging to a profession. 

UN-PRO-Fl"CIEN^-CY, n. Want of proficiency or improve- 
ment. Hall. 

UN-PROF^IT-A-BLE, a. 1. Bringing no profit; producing 
no gain beyond the labor, expenses and interest of capi- 
tal. 2. Producing no improvement or advantage ; use- 
less ; serving no purpose. 3. Not useful to others. 4. 
Misimproving talejits ; bringing no glory to God. Matt. 

XXV. 

UN-PROF'IT-A-BLE-NESS, n. The state of producing no 
profit or good ; uselessness ; inutility. Addison. 

UN-PROF'IT-A-BLY, ado. 1. Without profit; without 
clear gain. 2. Without any good effect or advantage ; to 
no good purpose. 

UN-PROF'IT-ED, a. Not having profit or gain. Shak. 

UN-PRO-HIB'IT-ED, a. Not prohibited ; not forbid ; law- 
ful. 

UN-PRO-JE€T'ED, a. Not planned; not projected. 

UN-PRO-LIF IG, a. 1. Not prolific ; barren ; not producing 
young or fruit. 2. Not producing in abundance. 

UN-PROM'IS-ING, a. Not promising; not affording a fa- 
vorable prospect of success, of excellence, of profit, &c. 

UN-PROMPT'ED, a. 1. Not prompted ; not dictated. 2. 
Not excited or instigated. 

UN-PRO-NOUNCE'A-BLE, a. That cannot be pronounced. 

UN-PRO-NOUN'CED, a. Not pronounced ; not uttered. 

UN-PROP', V. t. To remove a prop from; to deprive of 
support. 

j- UN-PROP'EPi,, a. Not fit or proper. 

jUN-PROP'ER-LY, arfv. Unfitly. See Improperly. 

UN-PRO-PHET'IG, ) a. Not foreseeing or not predict- 

UN-PRO-PHETT-GAL, j ing future events. 

UN-PRO-Pi"TIOUS, a. Not propitious ; not favorable ; not 
disposed to promote ; inauspicious. Pope. 

UN-PR0-PI"T10US-LY, ado. Unfavorably ; unkindly. 

UN-PRO-PoR'TION-A-BLE, a Wanting due proportion. 

UN-PRO-PoR'TION-ATE, a. Wanting proportion ; dispro- 
portionate ; unfit. 

UN-PRO-PoR'TIONED, a. Not proportioned ; not suitable. 

UN-PRO-PoS'ED, a. Not proposed ; not oflered. Dryden. 

UA’-PROP'PED, a. Not propped ; not supported. 

UN-PROS'PER-OUS, a. Not prosperous ; not attended 
with success ; unfortunate. Pope. 

UN-PROS'PER-OUS-LY, ado. Unsuccessfully; unfortu- 
nately. Taylor. 

UN-PROS'PER-OUS-NESS, w. Want of success; failure 
of the desired result. Hammond. 

UN-PROS'TI-TU-TED, a. Not prostituted ; not debased. 

UN-PRO-TEGT'ED, a. 1. Not protected ; not defended. 
Hooker. 2. Not countenanced ; not supported. 

UN-PRO-TRAGT<ED, a. Not protracted ; not drawn out in 
length. 

UN-PR5V'ED, a. 1. Not proved ; not known by trial. 2. 
Not established as true by argument, or evidence. 

UN-PRO-VIDE', V. t. To unfurnish ; to divest or strip of 
qualifications. Southeryi. 

UN-PRO-ViD'ED, pp. ]. Divested of qualifications. 2. a. 
Not provided ; unfurnished ; unsupplied. Dryden. 

t UN-PROV'I-DENT, a. Improvident. 

UN-PRO-Vl"SIONED, a. Not furnished with provisions. 

UN-PRO-VoK'ED, a. 1. Not provoked; not incited. 2. 
Not proceeding from provocation or just cause. 

UN-PRO-VoK'ING, a. Giving no provocation or offense. 

t UN-PRU-DEN'TIAL, a. Imprudent. Milton. 

UN-PRuN'ED, a. Not pruned ; not lopped. Shak. 

UN-PUB LIG, a. Not public; private ; not generally seen 
or known. Taylor. 

UN-PUB'LISHEb, a. 1. Not made public ; secret ; private. 
2. Not published, as a manuscript or book. Pope. 

UN-PUNGT'U-AL, a. Not punctual ; not exact in time. 
Pope. 

UN-PUNGT-U-AL'I-TY, n. Want of punctuality. 

UN-PUNGT'U-A-TED, a. Not punctuated ; not pointed. 

UN-PUN'ISHED, a. Not punished ; suffered to pass with- 
out punishment or with impunity. Dryden. 

UN-PUN'ISH-ING, a. Not punishing. 

UN-PUR'CHASED, a. Not purchased ; not bought. 

tUN-PuRE', a. Not pure; impure. See Impure. 

UN-PUR'GED, a. Not purged ; unpuritied. Milton. 

UN-Pu'RI-FTED, a. 1. Not purified; not freed from foul 
matter. 2. Not cleansed from sin ; unsanctified. 

UN-PUR'POSED, a. Not intended ; not designed. 

UN-PURS'ED, a. Robbed of a purse. Pollok. 

UN-PUR-Su'ED, a. Not pursued ; not followed ; not pros- 
ecuted. Milton. 


UN-Pu'TRE-FIED, a. Not putrefied ; not corrupted. 

UN-dUAFF'ED, a. Not quaffed ; not drank. Byron. 

UN-Q,UAL'I-FlED, a. 1. Not qualified ; not fit ; not having 
the requisite talents, abilities, or accomplishments. 2. 
Not having taken the requisite oath or oaths. 3. Not 
modified or restricted by conditions or exceptions. 

f UN-Q,UAL'I-Fy, V. t. To divest of qualifications. 

i UN-CiUAL'I-TlED, a. Deprived of the usual faculties. 

t UN-Q,UAR'REL-A-BLE, a. That cannot be impugned. 

UN-GUEEN', u. t. To divest of the dignity of queen. 

UN-GUELL'ED, a. Not quelled ; not subdued. Thomson. 

UN-GUENCH'A-BLE, a. That cannot be quenched ; that 
will never be extinguished ; inextinguishable. 

UN-aUENCH'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of be- 
ing inextinguishable. Hakewill. 

UN-GUENCH'A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree so as 
not to be quenched. 

UN-GUEN(JH'ED, a. Not extinguished. Bacon. 

UN-GUES'TION-A-BLE, a. Not to be questioned ; not to 
be doubted ; indubitable; certain. Addison. 

UN-GUES‘TION-A-BLY, adv. Without doubt ; indubi- 
tably. 

UN-GUES'TIONED, a. 1. Not called in question ; not 
doubted. 2. Not interrogated ; having no questions asked ; 
not examined. 3. Indisputable ; not to be opposed. 

UN-GUES*TION-ING, a. Not calling in question ; not 
doubting ; unhesitating. J. M. Mason. 

UN-GUIGK', a. 1. Not quick; slow. 2. Not alive; mo- 
tionless; [065.] 

UN-GUIGK'ENED, a. Not animated ; not matured to vi- 
tal ity._ 

UN-GUl'ET, a. 1. Not quiet ; not calm or tranquil ; rest- 
less ; uneasy. 2. Agitated ; disturbed by continual 
motion. 3. Unsatisfied ; restless. 

fUN-GUI'ET, V. t. To disquiet. Herbert. 

UN-GUi'ET-LY, adv. In an unquiet state ; without rest ; 
in an agitated state. Shak. 

UN-GUl'ET-NESS, n. 1. Want of quiet ; want of tranquil- 
lity ; restlessness ; uneasiness. 2. Want of peace as of 
a nation. 3. Turbulence ; disposition to make trouble or 
excite disturbance. 

t vJN-GUI'E-TUDE, w. Uneasiness; restlessness. 

UN-RAGK'ED, a. Not racked ; not poured from the lees. 

UN-RaK'ED, a. 1. Not raked. 2. Not raked together; not 
raked up, as fire. Shak. 

UN-RAN'SAGKED, a. Not ransacked; not searched. 2. 
Not pillaged. Knolles. 

UN-RAN'S6MED, a. Not ransomed ; not liberated from 
captivity or bondage by payment for liberty. 

UN-RxASH', a. Not rash ; not presumptuous. Clarendon. 

UN-RAV'EL, V. t. 1. To disentangle; to disengage or 
separate threads that are knit. 2. To free; to clear from 
complication or difficulty. 3. To separate connected or 
united parts ; to throw into disorder. 4. To unfold, as 
the plot or intrigue of a play. 

UN-RAV'EL, V. i. To be unfolded ; to be disentangled. 

UN-RAV'EL-MENT, n. The development of the plot in a 
play^ 

UN-Ra'ZORED, a. Unshaven. Milton. 

UN-RkACH'ED, a. Not reached ; not attained to. 

UN-READ', (un-red') a. 1. Not read ; not recited ; not pe- 
rused. Dryden. 2. Untaught ; not learned in books. 
Dryden. 

UN-liEAD'I-NESS, (un-red'e-nes) n. 1. Want of readiness ; 
want of promptness or dexterity. 2. Want of preparation. 

UN-READ'Y, (un-red y) a. 1. Not ready ; not prepared ; 
not fit. 2. Not prompt; not quick. 3. Awkward; un- 
gainly. 

UN-RjE'AL, a. Not real ; not substantial ; having appear- 
ance only. Milton. 

UN-RE-AL'I-TY, n. Want of reality or real existence. 

UN-ReAP'ED, a. Not reaped ; ns, unreaped wheat. 

UN-ReAS'ON-A-BLE, a. 1. Not agreeable to reason. 2. 
Exceeding the bounds of reason ; claiming or insisting on 
more than is fit. 3. Immoderate ; exorbitant. 4- Irra- 
tional. 

UN-ReAS'ON-A-BLE-NESS, n. 1. Inconsistency with 
reason. 2. Exorbitance ; excess of demand, claim, pas- 
sion jind the like. 

UN-ReAS'ON-A-BLY, adv. 1. In a manner contrary to 
reason. 2. Excessively ; immoderately ; more than 
enough. 

UN-ReAS'ONED, a. Not reasoned. Burke. 

UN-ReAVE', V. t. ]. To unwind ; to disentangle ; to loose: 
2. Not to rive ; not to tear asunder ; not to unroof; [oi*'.] 

UN-RE-BaT'ED, a. Not blunted. Hakeicill. 

UN-RE-BuK'A-BLE, a. Not deserving rebuke ; not obnox- 
ious to censure. 1 Tim. vi. 

UN-RE-CeIV'ED, a. 1. Not received ; not taken. 2. Not 
come into possession.* 3. Not adopted ; not embraced. 

UN-REGK'ONED, a. Not reckoned or enumerated. 

UN-RE-GLaIM'A-BLE, a. That cannot be reclaimed, re- 
formed or domesticated. 

UN-RE-GLaIM'ED, a. 1. Not reclaimed ; not brought to a 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DOVE B[JLL, UNITE.— G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


UNR 


UNR 888 


domestic state ; not tamed. 2. Not reformed ; not called 
back from vice to virtue. 

UN-REC^OM-PENSED, a. Not recompensed ; not re- 
warded. 

UN-RE-CON-CIL'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be reconciled ; 
that cannot be made consistent with. 2 . Not reconcila- 
ble ; not capable of being appeased ; implacable. 3. That 
cannot be persuaded to lay aside enmity or opposition, 
and to become friendly or favorable. 

UN-REC-ON-CiL'ED, a. 1 . Not reconciled : not made con- 
sistent. 2. Not appeased ; not having become favorable. 
— 3. In a theological sense, not having laid aside opposi- 
tion and enmity to God. 

UN-RE-€ORD''ED, a. 1 . Not recorded ; not registered. 2. 
Not kept in remembrance by public monuments. 

UN-RE-€OUNT'ED, a. Not recounted ; not told j not re- 
lated or recited. Shale. 

UN-RE-€oV'ER-A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be recovered j 
past recovery. 2. That cannot be regained. 

UN-RE-€ 6 V'ERED, a. 1. Not recovered ; not recalled 
into possession 5 not regained. 2. Not restored to 
liealth. 

f UN-RE-CRuIT'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be recruited. 
2. Incapable of recruiting. Milton. 

UN-REG'TI-FiED, a. Not rectified ; not corrected. 

t UN-RE-€uR'lNG, a. That cannot be cured. Shak. 

UN-RE-DEEM'A-BLE, a. That cannot be redeemed. 

UN-RE-DEEM'ED, a. 1. Not redeemed ; not ransomed. 
2. Not paid ; not recalled into the treasury or bank by 
payment of the value in money. 

UN-RE-I)RESS*ED, a. 1 . Not redressed ; not relieved from 
injustice^ 2. Not removed ; not reformed. 

UN-RE-Du CED, a. Not reduced j not lessened in size, 
quantity or amount. 

UN-RE-Dfi'Cl-BLE, a. Not capable of reduction. Ash. 

UN-RE-Du'CI-BLE-NESS, n. The quality of not being ca- 
pable of i eduction. South. 

UN-REEVE', (un-reev') v. t. To withdraw or take out a 
rope fiom a block, thimble, &c. See Unreave. 

UN-RE-FiN'ED, a. 1. Not refined 5 not purified ; as, mire- 
Jined sugar. 2. Not refined or polished in manners. 

UN-RE-FORM' A-BLE, a. 1. Not capable of being put into 
a new form. 2. That cannot be reformed or amended. 

UN-RE-FORM'ED, a. 1. Not reformed ; not reclaimed from 
vice. 2. Not amended ; not corrected. 3. Not reduced 
to truth and regularity ; not freed from error. 

UN-RE-FRA€T'ED, a. Not refracted, as rays of light. 

UN-RE-FRESH ED, a. Not refreshed j not relieved from 
fatigue ; not cheered. 

UN-RE-FRESH'ING, a. Not refreshing; not invigorating ; 
not cooling ; not relieving from depression or toil. 

UN-RE-GaRD'ED, a. Not regarded; not heeded ; not no- 
ticed ; neglected ; slighted. Sic(ft. 

UN-RE-GARD'FUL, a. Not giving attention; heedless; 
negligent. 

UN-RE-GEN'ER-A-CY, n. State of being unregenerate. 

UN-RE-GEN'ER-ATE, a. Not regenerated ; not renewed 
in heart ; remaining at enmity with God. Stephens. 

UN-REG'IS-TERED, a. Not registered ; not recorded. 

UN-REG'U-LA-TED, a. Not regulated ; not reduced to 
order. 

UN-RBIN'ED, a. Not restrained by the bridle. Milton. 

UN-RE-JOI'CING, a. Unjoyous ; gloomy; sad. Thomson. 

UN-RE-LaT'ED, a. 1 . Not related by blood or affinity. 2. 
Having no connection with. 

UN-REL'A-TiVE, a. Not relative; not relating; having 
no relation to. Chesterfield. 

UN-REL'A-TiVE-LY, adv. Without relation to. [L. u.'\ 

UN-RE-LENT'ING, a. 1. Not relenting ; having no pity ; 
hard ; cruel. 2. Not yielding to pity. 3. Not yielding to 
circumstances ; inflexibly rigid. 

UN-RE-LIeV' A-BLE, a. Admitting no relief or succor. 
Boyle. 

UN-RE-LIeV ED, a. 1. Not relieved ; not eased or deliv- 
ered from pain. 2. Not succored ; not delivered from 
confinement or distress. 3. Not released from duty. 

UN-RE-MARK'A BLE, a. 1. Not remarkable ; not worthy 
of particular notice. 2. Not capable of being observed. 

UN-RE-MARK'ED, a. Not remarked ; unobserved. Mel- 
moth. _ 

UN-RE-Me'DI-A-BLE, a. [See Remediable.] That can- 
not be cured ; admitting no remedy. Sidney. 

UN-REM'E-DiED, a. Not cured ; not remedied. Milton. 

UN-RE-MEM'BERED, a. Not remembered ; not retained in 
the mind ; not recollected. Wotton. 

UN-RE-MEM'BER-ING, a. Having no memory. Drydcn. 

fUN-RE-MEM'BRANCE, n. Want of remembrance. 

UN-RL MIT'TED, a. 1. Not remitted ; not forgiven. 2. 
Not having a temporary relaxation. 3. Not relaxed ; not 
abated. 

UN-RE-MIT'TING, a. Not abating ; not relaxing for a 
time ; incessant : continued. 

UN-RE-MIT'TING-I.Y, adv. Without abatement. 

UN-RE-MOV'A-BLE, a. That cannot be removed ; fixed. 


UN-RE-MOV'A-BLE-NESS, n. The state or quality of being 
fixed and not capable of being removed. Hall. 

UN-RE-MOV'A-BjjY, ado. In a manner that admits of no 
removal. Shak. 

UN-RE-MCV'ED, a. 1. Not removed ; not taken away. 2. 
Not capable of being removed. Milton. 

UN-RE-NEW'ED, a. 1. Not made anew. 2. Not regen- 
erated ; jiot born of the Spirit ; as, a heart unrenewed. 

UN-RE-PaID', a. Not repaid ; not compensated. 

UN-RE-PeAL'ED, a. Not repealed; not revoked or abro- 
gated ; remaining in force. 

UN-RE-PENT'ANCE, n. State of being impenitent. [L.u.] 

UN-RE-PENT'ANT,orUN-RE-PENT'ING, a. Not repent- 
ing ; not penitent ; not contrite for sin. Dryden. 

UN-llE-PENT'ED, a. Not repented of. Hooker 

UN-RE PIN'ING, a. Not repining; not peevishly murmur- 
ing or complaining. Rowe. 

UN-RE-PIN'ING-LY, adv. Without peevish complaints. 

UN-RE-PLEN'ISHED, a. Not replenished ; not filled ; not 
adequately supplied. Boyle. 

UN-RE-PoS'ED, a. Not reposed. 

UN-REP-RE-.SENT'ED, a. Not represented ; having no one 
to act in one’s stead 

UN-RE-PRIeV'A-BLE, a. That cannot be reprieved or 
respited from death. 

UN-RE- PRIeV'ED, a. Not reprieved ; not respited. 

UN-RE-PRoACH'ED, a. Not upbraided ; not reproached. 

UN-RE-PRoV'A-BLE, a. Not deserving reproof; that can- 
not be justly censured. Col. i. 

UN-RE-PRoV'ED, a. 1. Not reproved ; not censured. 
Sandys. 2. Not liable to reproof or blame. Milton. 

UN-RE-PUG'NANT, a. Not repugnant ; not opposite. 
Hooker. 

UN-REP'U-TA-BLE, a. Not reputable. 

UN-RE-UUEST'ED, a. Not requested ; not asked. Knolles. 

UN-RE-ClUlT' A-BLE, a. Not to be retaliated. 

UN-RE-Q,UlT'ED, a. Not requited ; not recompensed. 

UN-RES'€UED, a. Not rescued ; not delivered. Pollok. 

UN-RE-SENT'ED, a. Not resented ; not regarded with 
anger. 

UN-RE-SERVE', n. Absence of reserve; frankness; free- 
dom of communication. Warton. 

UN-RE-SERV'ED, a. 1. Not reserved ; not retained when 
a part is granted. 2. Not limited ; not withheld in part; 
full ; entire. 3. Open ; frank ; concealing or withholding 
nothing ; free. 

UN-RE-S?ERV'ED-LY, adv. 1. Without limitation or res- 
ervation. 2. With open disclosure ; frankly ; without 
concealment. 

UN-RE-SERV'ED-NESS, n. Frankness; openness ; free- 
dom of communication ; unlimitedness. Pope. 

UN-RE-SIST'ED, a. 1. Not resisted ; not opposed. 2. Re- 
sistless ; such as cannot be successfully opposed. Pope. 

UN-RE-SIST'I-bLE, a. Irresistible. Temple. 

UN-RE-SIST'ING, a. 1. Not making resistance ; yielding 
to physical force or to persuasion. 2. Submissive ; humble. 

UN-RE-.SIST'1NG-LY, adv. Without resistance. 

UN-RE-SOLV 'A-BLE, a. That cannot be solved or resolved. 

UN-RE-SOLV'ED, a. 1. Not resolved ; not determined. 
Shak. 2. Not solved ; not cleared. Locke. 

UN-RE-SOLV'ING, a. Not resolving ; undetermined. 

t UN-RE-SPECT' A-BLE, a. Not respectable. Malone. 

UN-RE-SPE€T'ED, a. Not respected ; not regarded with 
respect. Shak. 

t UN-RE-SPE€T'IVE, a. Inattentive ; taking little notice. 

UN-RES'PIT-ED, a. I. Not respited. 2. Admitting no 
pause or intermission. Milton. 

UN-RE-SPONS'I-BLE, a. 1. Not answerable ; not liable. 
2. Not able to answer ; not having the property to respond. 

t UN-REST', w. Unquietness; uneasiness. Wotton. 

UN-REST'^NG, a. Not resting ; continually in motion. 

UN-RE-SToR'ED, a. 1. Not restored; not having recov- 
ered health. 2. Not restored to a former place, to favor, 
or to a former condition. 

UN-RE-STRaIN'A-BLE, a. That cannot be restrained. 

UN-RE-STRaIN'ED, a. 1. Not restrained ; not controlled ; 
not confined ; not hindered. 2. Licentious ; loose. 3. 
Not limited. 

UN-RE-STRaTNT', n. Freedom from restraint. 

UN-RE-STRI€T'ED, a. Not restricted ; not limited. 

UN-RE-TRA€T'ED, a. Not retracted ; not recalled. 

UN-RE-VeAL'ED, a. Not revealed ; not discovered. 

UN-RE-VEN'GED, a. 1. Not revenged. 2. Not vindicated 
by Just punishment. Addison. 

UN-RE-VENGE FUL, a. Not disposed to revenge. 

UN-REV'E-NUED, a. Not furnished with a revenue. 

UN-REV'ER-END, a. 1. Not reverend. 2. Disrespectful ; 
ir'everent. Shak. 

UN-REV'ER-ENT, a. Irreverent. 

UN-REV'ER-ENT-LY, adv. Irreverently, which see. 

UN-RE-VERS'ED, a. Not reversed ; not annulled by a 
counter decision. 

UN-RE-VIS'ED, a. Not revised ; not reviewed ; not cor- 
rected. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PR£Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


UNS 


889 


UNS 


UN-RE-VIV^ED, a. Not revived ; not recalled into life. 

UN-RE-VoK'ED, a. Not revoked j not recalled j not an- 
nulled. Milton. 

UN-RE-WARD'ED, a. Not rewarded ; not compensated. 

UN-RID'DLE, V. t. 1. To solve or explain. 2. To explain. 

UN-RID'DLED, p/7. Explained; interpreted. 

UN-RID'DLER, n. One who explains an enigma. 

UN-RID'DUNG, ppr. Solving ; explaining. 

UN-Rl-DI€'U-LOUS, a. Not ridiculous. 

UN-RRFLED, a. Not rifled ; not robbed ; not stripped. 

UN-RIG', V. t. To strip of both standing and running rig- 
ging- 

Ui\-RIG'GED, pp. Stripped of rigging. 

UN-RIG GING, ppr. Stripping of rigging. 

t UN-RiGHT', a. Not right ; wrong. 

UN-RiGH'l 'EOUS, (un ri chus) a. [Sax. 1. Not 

righteous ; not just ; not conformed in heart and life to 
the divine law; evil; wicked. 2. Unjust; contrary to 
law and equity. 

UN-RiGHT'EOUS-LY, (un-rl'chus-ly) adv. Unjustly ; 
wickedly ; sinfully. Dnjden. 

UN-RIGHT'EOUS-NESS, (un-ri'chns-nes) n. Injustice ; a 
violation of the divine law, or of the plain principles of 
justice and equity; wickedness. 

UN-RIGHT'FlJIi, a. Not rightful ; not just. Shak. 

UN-RING', V. t. To deprive of a ring or of rings. Iludihras. 

t UN-RFOT-ED, a. Free from rioting. May. 

UN-RlF, V. t. To rip. [Improper.'\ Bacon. 

UN-RTPE', a. 1. Not ripe ; not mature ; not brought to a 
state of perfection. 2. Not seasonable ; not yet proper. 
3. Not prepared , not completed. 4. Too early ; 

UN-Rl'PENEU, a. Not ripened ; not matured, jiddison. 

UN-RlPE'NESS, n. Want of ripeness ; immaturity. 

UN-Rl'VALED, a. 1. Having no rival ; having no compet- 
itor. Pope. 2. Having no equal ; peerless. 

UN-RIV'ET, V. t. To loose from rivets ; to unfasten. 

UN-RIV'ET-ED, pp. Loosed from rivets ; unfastened. 

UN-RIV'ET-ING, pp?-. Unfastening; loosing from rivets. 

UN-RoBE', V. t. To strip of a robe ; to undress ; to disrobe. 

UN-RoLL', V. t. 1. To open what is rolled or convolved. 
2. To display. Dryden. 

UN-RoLL'ED, pp. Opened, as a roll ; displayed. 

UN-RoLL'IN^G, ppr. Opening, as a roll ; displaying. 

UN-Ro'MAN-iZED, a. Not subjected to Roman arms or 
customs. Whitaker. 

UN-RO-MAN'TIG, a. Not romantic; not fanciful. 

UN-ROOF', V. t. To strip off the roof or covering of a house. 

UN-ROOF ED, pp. Stripped of the roof. 

UN-ROOF'ING, ppr. Stripping of the roof. 

UN-ROOST'ED, a. Driven from the roost. Shak. 

UN-ROOT', V. t. To tear up by the roots ; to extirpate ; to 
eradicate. Dryden. 

UN-ROOT', V. i. To be torn up by the roots. 

UN-ROUGH', (un-ruff') a. Notrough ; unbearded ; smooth. 

UN-ROUND'ED, a. Not made round. Donne. 

UN-ROUT'ED, a. Not routed ; not thrown into disorder. 

UN-ROY'AL, a. Not royal ; unprincely. Sidney. 

UN-RUF'FLE, v. i. To cease from being ruffled or agitated ; 
to subside to smoothness. Addison. 

UN-RUF'FLED, a. 1. Calm; tranquil; not agitated. Ad- 
dison. 2. Not disturbed ; not agitated. 

UN-ROL'ED, a. Not ruled ; not governed ; not directed by 
superior power or authority. Spenser. 

UN-Ru'LI-NESS, n. 1. Disregard of restraint ; licentious- 
ness ; turbulence. 2. The disposition of a beast to break 
over fences and wander from an inclosure. 

UN-RU'LY, a. 1. Disregarding restraint ; licentious ; dis- 
posed to violate laws ; turbulent ; ungovernable. 2. Ac- 
customed to break over fences and escape from inclosures ; 
apt to break or leap fences. 

UN-RU'MI-NA-TED, a. Not well chewed ; not w’^ell di- 
gested. Bolingbroke. 

UN-RUM'PLE, V. t. To free from rumples ; to spread or lay 
even. Addison. 

UN-SAD'DEN, (un-sad'n) v. t. To relieve from sadness. 

UN-S AD'DLE, v. t. To strip of a saddle ; to take the saddle 
from. 

UN-SAD'DLED, pp. I. Divested of the saddle. 2. a. Not 
saddled ; not having a saddle on. 

UN-f:?AFE', a. 1. Not safe ; not free from danger ; exposed 
to harm or destruction. Dryden. 2. Hazardous. 

UN-SaFE'LY, adv. Not safely ; not without danger; in a 
state exposed to loss, liarm or destruction. 

UN-SaFE'TY, n. State of being unsafe ; exposure to dan- 
ger. Bacon. 

UN-SAID', (un-sed') a. Not said ; not spoken ; not uttered. 

UN-SaINT', r. t. To deprive of saintship. South. 

UN-SaINT'ED, pp. Not sainted. 

UN-SaL'A-BLE, a. Not salable ; not in demand ; not meet- 
ing a ready sale ; as, unsalable goods. 

UN-SALT'ED, a. Not salted ; not pickled ; fresh. 

UN-SA-LuT'ED, a. Not saluted ; not greeted. 

UN-SAN€'TI-FIED, a. 1. Not sanctified ; unholy. Tho- 
dey. 2. Not consecrated. 


UN-SAN€'TIONED, a. Not sanctioned, ‘lot ratified ; not 
approved ; not authorized. Walsh. 

UN-SAN'D ALED, a. Not wearing sandals. 

UN-SaT'ED, a. Not sated ; not satisfied or satiated. 

UN-Sa'TIA-BLE, a. That cannot be satisfied. 

I UN-SA'TI ATE, a. Not satisfied. More. 

UN-SAT-IS-FAG'TION, n. Dissatisfaction. Brown. 

UN-SAT-IS-FAC'TO-RI-I.Y, ado. So as not to give satis- 
faction. 

UN-SAT-IS-FAC'TO-RI-NESS, n. The quality or state of 
not being satisfactory ; failure to give satisfaction. 

UN-S AT-lS-FAC'TO-RY, a. 1. Not giving satisfaction; 
not convincing the mind. 2. Not giving content. 

UN-SAT'IS-FlA-BLE, a. That cannot be satisfied. Taylor. 

UN-SAT'IS-FlED, a. 1. Not satisfied ; not having enough ; 
not filled ; not gratified to the Hill. 2. Not content ; not 
pleased. 3. Not settled in opinion ; not resting in confi- 
dence of the truth of any thing. 4. Not convinced or 
fnllv persuaded. 5. Not fully paid. 

UN-SAT'IS-FIED-NESS, n. The state of being not satis- 
fied or content. 

UN-SAT'IS-F'f-ING, a. Not affording full gratification of 
appetite or desire ; not giving content ; not convincing 
the mind. 

UN-SAT'1S-FY-ING-NESS, n. Incapability of gratifying to 
the fill. Bp. Taylor. 

UN-SAT'U-RA-TED, a. Not saturated ; not supplied to the 
full. 

UN-SaV'ED, a. Not saved ; not having eternal life. Pollok. 

UN-Sa'A’'OR-1-LY, adv. So as to displease or disgust. 
Milton. 

UN-Sa'VOR-I-NESS, n. A bad taste or smell. Johnson. 

UN-Sa'V'OR-Y, a. 1. Tasteless ; having no taste. 2. Hav- 
ing a bad taste or smell. 3. Unpleasing ; disgusting. 

UN-SaY', V. t. ; pret. and pp. unsaid. I'o recant or recall 
what has been said; to retract; to deny something de- 
clared. 

UN-S€a'LY, a. Not scaly ; having no scales. Gay. 

UN-S€AN'NED, a. Not measured ; not comimted. Shak. 

UN-S€aR'ED, a. Not scared ; not frighte.ied aw'ay. 

UN-S€aR'RED, a. Not marked with scars or wounds. 

UN-SeAT'TERED, a. Not scattered ; not dispersed ; not 
throwm into confusion. 

UN-?€HOL'AR-LY, a. Not suitable to a scholar. 

UN-S€H0-LAS'TIG, a. ]. Not bred to literature. Locke. 
2. Not scholastic. 

UN-S€HOOL'ED, a. Not taught ; not educated ; illiter- 
ate. Hooker. 

UN-SCi-EN-TIF'I€, a. Not scientific ; not according to the 
rules or principles of science. 

UN-SCI-EN-T1F'I-€AL-LY, In a manner contrary to 
the rules or principles of science. 

UN-SCIN TIL-LA-TING, a. Not sparkling ; not emitting 
sparks. J. Barlow. 

UN-S€ORCH'ED, a. Not scorched ; not affected by fire. 
Shak. 

UN-S€6'RI-FIED, a. Not scorified ; not converted into 
dross. 

UN-S€OUR'ED, a. Not scoured ; not cleaned by rubbing. 

UN-S€RATCH'ED, a. Not scratched ; not torn. Shak. 

UN-S€REEN'ED, a. Not screened; not covered ; not shel- 
tered ; not protected. Boyle. 

UN-SUREW', V. t. To draw the screw's from ; to loose 
from screws ; to unfasten. Burnet. 

UN-SGREW'ED, pp. Loosed from screws. 

UN-S€REW'ING, ppr. Drawing the screws from. 

UN-SCRIPT'U-RAL, a. Not agreeable to the Scriptures ; 
not warranted by the authority of the w'ord of God. 

UN-S€KIPT'U-RAL-LY, adv. In a manner not according 
with the Scriptures. 

UN-S€Ru'PU-LOUS, a. Not scrupulous ; having no scru- 
ples. 

UN-S€Ru'PU-LOUS-NESS, n. Want of scrupulousness. 

UN-FCRU'TA-BLE. See Inscrutable. 

UN-S€UTCH'EoNED, a. Not honored with a coat of 
arms. 

UN-SeAL', V. t. To break or remove the seal of; to open 
whajt is sealed ; as, to unseal a letter. 

UN-SeAL'ED, pp. 1. Opened, as something sealed. 2. o 
Not^ealed ; having no seal, or the seal broken. Shak 

UN-SeAL'ING, ppr. Breaking the seal of ; opening. 

UN-SeAM', V. t. To rip ; to cut open. Shak. 

UN-SEARCH'A-BLE, (nn-serch'a-bl) a. That cannot be 
searched or explored ; inscrutable ; hidden ; mysterious. 

UN-SEARCH'A-BLE-NESS, (un-serch a-bl-nes) v. The 
quality or state of being unsearchable, or beyond the 
power of man to explore. 

UN-SEARCH'A-BLY, (un-serch'a-bly) adv. In a manner so 
as not to be explored. 

UN-SEARCII'ED, (un-serclit') a. Net searched.; not ex- 
plored ; not critically examined. 

UN-SeA?'ON-A-BLE, (nn-se'zn-a-bl) a. 1. Not seasona- 
ble ; not being in the proper season or time. 2. Not suit- 
ed to the time or occasion ; unfit ; untimely ; ill-timed. 


♦ Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, D6VE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


UNS 


UNS 890 


5. Late ; being beyond the usual time. 4. Not agreeable 
to tlie time of the year. 

UN-SeAS^ON-A-BLE-NESS, ?i. The quality or state of be- 
ing unseasonable, ill-timed, or out of the usual time. 

UN-SeAS'ON'-A-BLY^ adv. Not seasonably ; not in due 
time, or not in the usual time j not in the time best adapt- 
ed to success. Dryden. 

UN-SeAS'ONED, (un-se'znd) a. 1. Not seasoned ; not ex- 
hausted of the natural juices and hardened for use. 2. 
Not inured ; not accustomed ; not fitted to endure any 
thing by use or habit. 3. Unformed ; not qualified by use 
or experience. 4. Not salted ; not sprinkled, filled or 
impregnated with any thing to give relish. 5. Unseason- 
able 5 [oZ>5.] 

UN-SeAT', V. t. To throw from the seat. Cowper. 

UN-SeAT'ED, pp. 1. Thrown from the seat. 2. a. Not 
seated ; having no seat or bottom. 3. Not settled with 
inhaj)itants. 

UN-SeA'W 6R-THY, a. Not fit for a voyage j notable to 
sustain the violence of the sea. 

UN-SeAW 6R-THY-NESS, n. The state of not being sea- 
worthy. Keynt. 

UN-SEC'6ND- ED, a. 1. Not seconded ; not supported. 2. 
Not^xemplified a second time j [065.] Bi-own. 

UN-Se'_GRET, a. Not secret ; not close ; not trusty. Shak. 

t UN-Se'CRET, V. t. To disclose ; to divulge. Bacon. 

UN-SEC' U-LAR-lZE, v. t. To detach from secular things j 
to alienate from the world. Ch. Obs. 

UN-SE-CuRE', a. Not secure ; not safe. 

UN-SE-Du'CED, a. Not seduced ; not drawn or persuaded 
to deviate from the path of duty. Milton. 

UN-SEED'ED, a. Not seeded ; not sown. JLocaZ.] JV*. Eng. 

UN-SEE'ING, a. Wanting the power of vision ; not see- 
ing. Shak. 

t UN-SEEM', V. i. Not to seem. Shak. 

UN-SEEM'LI-NESS, ?i. Uncomeliness j indecency; inde- 
corum ; impropriety. Hooker. 

UN-SEEM'LY, a. Not fit or becoming ; uncomely ; unbe- 
coming ; indecent. Dryden. 

UN-SEEM'LY, adv. Indecently ; unbecomingly. Philips. 

UN-SEEN', a. 1. Not seen ; not discovered. 2. Invisible; 
not discoverable. 3. Unskilled ; inexperienced ; [0&5.] 

UN-SeIZ'ED, a. J. Not seized ; not apprehended. 2. Not 
possessed ; not taken into possession. Dryden. 

UN-SEIi'D6M, adv. Not seldom. 

UN-SE-LECT'ED, a. Not selected ; not separated by choice. 

UN-SE-LE€T'ING, fl. Not selecting. 

UN-SELF'ISH, a. Not selfish ; not unduly attached to one’s 
own interest. Spectator. 

UN-SENS'ED, a. Wanting a distinct meaning ; without a 
certain signification. Puller. 

t ITN-SENS^'I-BLE, a. Not sensible. 

UN-SENT', a. Not sent ; not dispatched ; not transmitted. 

t UN-SEP' A-RA-BLE, a. That cannot be parted. 

UN-SEP'A-RA-TED, a. Not separated or parted. Pope. 

UN-SEP'UL-€HRED, a. Having no grave ; unburied. 

UN-SERV'ED, a. Not served. 

UN-SERV'iCE-A-BLE, a. Not serviceable ; not bringing 
advantage, use, profit or convenience ; useless. 

UxN-SERV'ICE-A-BLE-NESS, n. Tlie quality or state of 
being useless ; unfitness for use. Sanderson. 

UN-SERV'ICE-A-BLY, adv. W’ithout use ; without ad- 
vantage. 

UN-SET', a. 1. Not set; not placed. Hooker. 2. Not sunk 
below the horizon. 

UN-SET'TLE, v. t. 1. To unfix ; to move or loosen from a 
fixed state ; to unhinge ; to make uncertain or fluctu- 
ating. 2. To move from a place. 3. To overthrow. 

UN-SET'TLE, v. i. To become unfixed. Shak. 

UN-SET'TLED, pp. 1. Unfixed ; unhinged ; rendered 
fluctuating. 2. a. Not settled ; not fixed ; not determined. 
3. Not established. 4. Not regular; unequal; changea- 
ble. 5. Not having a legal settlement in a town or par- 
ish. 6. Having no fixed place of abode. Hooker. 7. Not 
having deposited its fecal matter; turbid. 8. Having no 
inhabitants ; not occupied by permanent inhabitants. 
Belknap. 

UN-SET'TLED-NESS, n. 1. The state of being unfixed, 
unsettled or undetermined. 2. Irresolution ; fluctuation 
of mind or opinions. 3. Uncertainty. 4. Want of fixed- 
ness ; fluctuation. 

UN-SET'TLE-MENT, w. Unsettled state ; irresolution. 

UN-SET'TLING, ppr. Unfixing ; removing from a settled 
state. 

UN-SEV'ERED, a. Not severed ; not parted ; not divided. 

UN-SEX', V. t. To deprive of the sex, or to make otherwise 
than the sex commonly is. Shak. 

UN-SHAG'KLE, v. t. To unfetter ; to loose from bonds ; to 
set free from restraint. 

UN-SHA€'KLED, pp. Loosed from shackles or restraint. 

UN-SHA€'KLING, ppr. Liberating from bonds or restraint. 

UN-SHaD'ED, a. 1. Not shaded ; not overspread with 
shade or darkness. 2. Not clouded ; not having shades 
in coloring. ' 


UN-SHAD'oWED, a. Not clouded ; not darkened. 

I UN-SHaK'A-BLE, a. That cannot be shaken. Shak. 
f UN-SHaK'ED, for unshaken. Shak. 

UN-SHaK'EN, a. 1. Not shaken ; not agitated ; not moved 
firm ; fixed. 2. Not moved in resolution ; firm ; steady 
3. Not subject to concussion. 

UN-SHaM'ED, a. Not shamed ; not ashamed ; not abash- 
ed. Dryden. 

UN-SHaME'FaCED, a. Wanting modesty ; impudent. 
UN-SHaME'FACED-NESS, n. Want of modesty ; impu- 
dence. Chalmers. 

UN-SHaPE', V. t. To throw out of form or into disorder ; to 
confound ; to derange. {Little used.'\ Shak. 
UN-SHaP'EN, a. Misshapen ; deformed ; ugly. Addison. 
UN-SHaR'ED, a. Not shared ; not enjoyed in common. 
UN-SHeATH', \ V. t. To draw from the sheath or scab- 
UN-SHeATHE', \ bard. Shak. 

UN-SHeATH'ED, pp. Drawn from the sheath. 
UN-SHeATH'ING, ppr. Drawing from the scabbard. 
UN-SHED', a. Not shed ; not spilt ; as, blood unshed. 
UN-SHEL'TERED, a. Not sheltered ; not screened ; not 
defended from danger or annoyance. Decay of Piety. 
UN-SHIeLD'ED, a. Not defended by a shield ; not protect- 
ed ; exposed. Dryden. 

UN-SHIP', v.t. 1. To take out of a ship or other water 
craft. 2. To remove from the place where it is fixed or 
fitted. 

UN-SHIP'PED, pp. 1. Removed from a ship or from its 
place. 2. Destitute of a ship. 

UN-SHO€K'ED, a. Not shocked ; not disgusted ; not aston- 
ished. Tickel. 

UN-SHOD', a. Not shod ; having no shoes. Clarendon. 
UN-SHOOK', a. Not shaken ; not agitated. Pope. 
UN-SHoRN', a. Not shorn ; not sheared ; not clipped. 
UN-SHOT', a. 1. Not hit by shot. 2. Not shot ; not dis- 
charged. 

t UN-SHOUT', 1’. t. To retract a shout. Shak. 
UN-SHOW'ERED, a. Not watered or sprinkled by showers. 
UN-SHRINK'ING, a. Not shrinking ; not withdrawing 
from danger or toil ; not recoiling. 

UN-SHRUNK', a. Not shrunk ; not contracted, 
t UN-SHUN'NA-BLE, a. That cannot be shunned; in- 
evitable. 

UN-SHUN'NED, a. Not shunned ; not avoided. 

UN-SHUT', a. Not shut ; open ; unclosed. 

UN-SIFT'ED, a. 1. Not sifted ; not separated by a sieve. 

.May. 2. Not critically examined ; untried, 
t UN-STGHT'ED, a. Not seen ; invisible. Shak. 
UN-SlGIIT'LI-NESS, w. Disagreeableness to the sight ; de- 
formity ; ugliness. Wiseman. 

UN-SiGHT'LY, a. Disagreeable to the eye ; ugly ; deformed. 
UN-SIG'NAL-TZED, a. Not signalized or distinguished, 
t UN-SIG-NIF'I-CANT, a. Having no meaning. 
UN-SIL'VERED, a. Not covered with quicksilver. Ure. 
t UN-SIN-CeRE', a. 1. Not sincere ; hypocritical. 2. Not 
genuine ; adulterated. 3. Not sound ; not solid, 
t UN-SIN-CER'I-TY, n. Insincerity ; cheat. 

UN-SIN'EW, V. t. To deprive of strengtli. Dryden. 
UN-SIN'EWED, pp. or a. Deprived of strength or force ; 
weak ; nerveless. Shak. 

UN-SIN'EW-ING, ppr. Depriving of strength ; enfeebling. 
UN-SIN'GED, a. Not singed ; not scorched. Brown. 
LTN-SIN'GLED, a. Not singled ; not separated. Dryden. 
UN-SINK'ING, a. Not sinking ; not failing. 
UN-SIN'NING, a. Committing no sin ; impeccable ; un- 
tainted with sin. Rogers. 

UN-SIZ'A-BLE, a. Not being of the proper size, magnitude 
or bulk. Smollett. 

UN-STZ'ED, a. Not sized ; as, unshed paper. 
UN-SKILL'ED, a. 1. Wanting skill ; destitute of readiness 
or dexterity in performance. 2. Destitute of practical 
knowledge. 

UN-SKILL'FUL, a. Not skillful ; wanting the knowledge 
and dexterity which are acquired by observation, use and 
experience. 

UN-SKILL'FIJL-LY, adv. Without skill, knowledge or 
dexterity ; clumsily. Shak. 

UN-SKILL'FUL-NESS, n. AVant of art or knowledge ; 
want of that readiness in action or execution, w'hich is 
acquired by use, experience and observation. 

UN-SLaIN', a. Not slain ; not killed. Dryden. 
UN-SLaK'ED, a. Not slaked ; unquenched. 

UN-SLaK'ED, a. Not saturated with water. 
UN-SLEEP'ING, a. Not sleeping; ever wakeful. 
UN-SLING', V. t. In seameiPs language, to take off the 
slings of a yard, a cask, &c. 

UN-SLIP'PING, a. Not slipping ; not liable to slip, 
t UN-STiOW', a. Not slow. 

UN-SLUM'BER-ING, a. Never sleeping or slumbering ; al- 
ways watching or vigilant. Thodey. 

UN-SMtRCH'ED, a. Not stained ; not soiled or blacked. 
UN-SMoK'ED, a. 1. Not smoked ; not dried in smoke. 2. 

Not used in smoking, as a pipe. Swift. 

UN-, SMOOTH', a. Not smooth ; not even ; rough. Milton. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY PIN, IMARINE, BIRD ;— | Obsolete. 


UNS 


891 UNS 


t UN^So^BER, a. Not sober. 

UN-So'CIA-BLE, a. 1. Not suitable to society ; not having 
the qualities which are proper for society, and which ren- 
der it agreeable. 2. Not apt to converse j not free in con- 
versation ; reserved. 

UN-So'CIA-BLY, adv. 1. Not kindly. 2. With reserve. 
UN-So'CIAL, a. Not adapted to society ; not beneficial to 
society. Shenstone. 

UN-SO€K'ET, V. t. To loose or take from a socket. 
UN-SOFT*, a. Not soft ; hard. Chaucer. 

UN-SOFT^, adv. Not with softness. Spenser. 
JN-SOIL*ED, a. 1. Not soiled; not stained; unpolluted. 

Dryderi. 2. Not disgraced ; not tainted, as character. 
UN-SoLD*, a. Not sold ; not transferred for a consideration. 
UN-SoLD'IERED, a. Not having the qualities of a soldier. 
UN-SoLD'IER-LlKE, ) a. [See Soldier.] Unbecoming a 
UN-SoLD*IER-LY, \ soldier. Broome. 
UN-SO-LICdT-ED, a. 1. Not solicited ; not requested ; un- 
asked. Halifax. 2. Not asked for. 

UN-SO-LIC*IT-OUS, a. Not solicitous ; not anxious ; not 
very desirous. 

UN-SOL'ID, a. 1. Not solid ; not firm ; not substantial. 2. 
Fluid. Locke. 

UN-SOLV*A-BLE, a. That cannot be solved ; inexplicable. 
UN-SOL V'ED, a. Not solved ; not explained. Watts. 
t UN-So'NA-BLE, a. That cannot be sounded, 
f UN-SON'SY, a. Unlucky; not fortunate. Yorkshire Glos- 
sary. 

t UN-SOOT*, for unsweet. Spenser. 

UN-SO-PHIS'TI-CA-TED, a. Not adulterated by mixture ; 

not counterfeit ; pure. Locke. 

UN-SOR*RoWED, a. Not lamented ; not bewailed. 
UN-SORT'ED, a. Not separated into sorts ; not distributed 
according to kinds or classes. Watts. 

UN-SOUGHT*, (un-sawt*) a. 1. Not sought ; not searched 
for. 2. Had without searching ; as, unsought honor. 
UN-SoUL*, V. t. To deprive of mind or understanding. 
UN-SoUL*ED, a. Without soul ; without intellectual or vi- 
tal principle. Spenser. 

UN-SOUND*, a. 1. Not sound ; defective. 2. Infirm ; sickly. 
3. Not orthodox ; defective. 4. Not sound in character ; 
not honest ; not faithful ; not to be trusted ; defective ; de- 
ceitful. 5. Not true ; not solid ; not real ; not substantial. 
6. Not close ; not compact. 7. Not sincere ; not faithful. 
8. Not so*:d ; not material. 9. Erroneous; wrong; de- 
ceitful; sophistical. 10. Not strong. 11. Not fast; not 
calm. 12. Not well established ; defective ; questionable. 
UN-SOUND'ED, a. Not sounded ; not tried with the lead. 
UN-SOUND'LY, adv. Not with soundness. 
UN-SOUND'NESS, n. 1. Defectiveness. 2. Defectiveness 
of faith ; want of orthodoxy. 3. Corruptness ; want of 
solidity. 4. Defectiveness. 5. Infirmity ; weakness, as 
of body. 

UN-SOUR*ED, a. 1. Not made sour. Bacon. 2. Not made 
morose or crabbed. Dryden. 

UN-SoW'ED, ) a. 1. Not sown ; not sowed. 2. Not scat- 
UN-SoWN', ) tered on land for seed. 3. Not propagated 
by seed scattered. 

UN-SPaR*ED, a. Not spared. Milton. 

UN-SPaR*ING, a. 1. Not parsimonious ; liberal ; profuse. 

Milton. 2. Not merciful or forgiving. .Milton. 
UN-SPaR*ING-NESS, n. The quality of being liberal or 
profuse. Mitford. 

UN-SPeAK*, V. t. To recant ; to retract what has been 
spoken. Shak. 

UN-SPeAK*A-BLE, a. That cannot be uttered ; that can- 
not b^ expressed; unutterable. 

UN-SPeAK*A-BLY, adv. In a manner or degree that can- 
not be expressed ; inexpressibly ; unutterably. 
UN-SPEC*I-FIED, a. Not specified ; not particularly men- 
tioned. Brorvn. 

UN-SPe*CIOUS, a. Not specious ; not plausible. 
UN-SPE€*U-LA-TiVE, a. Not speculative or theoretical, 
t UN-SPED*, a. Not performed ; not dispatched. Garth. 
UN-SPENT*, a. 1. Not spent; not used or wasted. 2. Not 
exhausted. 3. Not having lost its force or impulse. 
UN-SPHeRE*, V. t. To remove from its orb. Shak. 
UN-SPPED, a. 1. Not searched ; not explored. Milton. 2. 

Not seen ; not discovered. Ticket. 

UN^PILT*, a. 1. Not spilt ; not shed. 2. Not spoiled ; 

UN-SPIR*IT, V. t. To depress in spirits ; to dispirit ; to dis- 
hearten. [Little used.'] 

UN-SPIR*IT-ED, 7 >p. Dispirited. 

UN-SPIR'IT-U-AL, a. Not spiritual ; carnal ; worldly. 
UN-SPIR*IT-U-AL-lZE, v. t. To deprive of spirituality. 
UN-SPLIT*, a. Not split ; as, unspUt wood. 

UN-SPOIL'ED, a. 1. Not spoiled ; not corrupted ; not ruin- 
ed ; not rendered useless. 2. Not plundered ; not pillaged. 
UN-SPOT'TED, a. l.Not stained ; free from spot. 2. Free 
from moral stain ; untainted with guilt ; unblemished ; 
immaculate. 

UN-SP0T*TED-NESS, n. State of being free from stain or 
guilt. Feltham. 


UN-SQ,UAR*ED, a. 1. Not made square. 2. Not regtilaf j 
not formed. Shak. 

UN-SGlUiRE*, V. t. To divest of the title or privilege of an 
esquire. Swift. 

UN-STa'BLE, a. [L. instabilis.] 1. Not stable ; not fixed. 
2. Not steady ; inconstant ; irresolute ; wavering. 

UN-STa*BLE-NESS, n. Instability. 

U'N-STaID*, a. Not steady ; mutable; not settled in judg- 
ment £ volatile ; fickle. Shak. 

UN-STaID'NESS, n. 1. Unfixed or volatile state or disposi- 
tion ; mutability ; fickleness ; indiscretion. 2. Uncertain 
motion ; unsteadiness. Sidney. 

UN-STa1N'ED, a. 1. Not stained ; not dyed. 2. Not pol- 
luted ; not tarnished ; not dishonored. 

UN-STANCn<ED, a. Not stanched ; not stopped, as blood. 

UN-STaTE', V. t. To deprive of dignity. Shak. 

UN-ST AT*U-TA-BLE, a. Contrary to statute ; not warrant- 
ed by statute. Swift. 

UN-STEAD'FAST, (un-sted*fast) a. 1. Not fixed; not 
standing or being firm. 2. Not firmly adhering to a pur- 
pose. 

UN-STEAD*FAST-NESS, (un-sted*fast-nes) n. Want of 
steadfastness ; instability ; inconstancy. K. .James. 

UN-STEAD'I-LY, (un-sted*e-ly) adv. 1. Without steadi- 
ness ; in a wavering, vacillating manner. 2. Inconstant- 
ly ; in a fickle manner. 3. Not in the same manner at 
diflbrent times ; variously. 

UN-STEAD'I-NESS^ (un-sted'e-nes) n. L Unstableness-; 
inconstancy ; want of firmness ; irresolution ; mutableness 
of opinion or purpose. 2. Frequent change of place ; vacil- 
lation. 

UN-STEAD*Y, (un-sted*y) a. 1. Not steady ; not constant ; 
irresolute. 2. Mutable ; variable ; changeable. 3. Not 
adhering constantly to any fixed plan or business. 

UN-STEEP'ED, a. Not steeped ; not soaked. Bacon. 

UN-STIM*U-LA-TED, a. Not stimulated ; not excited. 

UN-STIM*U-LA-TING, a. Not exciting motion or action. 

UN-STING*, V. t. To disarm of a sting. South. 

UN-STING'ED, Tjp. Deprived of its sting. Pollok. 

UN-STINT*ED, a. Not stinted ; not limited. Skelton. 

UN-STiR'RED, a. Not stirred ; not agitated. Boyle. 

UN-STITCH*, V. t. To open by picking out stitches. 

UN-STITCH*ED, a. Not stitched. 

UN-STOOP*ING, a. Not stooping ; not bending. Shak. 

UN-STOP*, V. t. 1. To free from a stopple, as a bottle or 
cask. 2. To free from any obstruction ; to open. Boyle. 

UN-STOP*PED, pp. 1. Opened. 2. a. Not meeting any re- 
sistance. Dryden. 

UN-STOP*PING,ppr. Taking out a stopper; opening ; free- 
ing from obstruction. 

UN-SToR'ED, a. 1. Not stored ; not laid up in store; not 
warehoused. 2. Not supplied with stores. 

UN-STORM*ED, a. Not assaulted ; not taken by assault. 

UN-STRaIN*ED, a. 1. Not strained. 2.' Easy ; not forced ; 
natural. Hakewill. 

UN-STRaIT*ENED, a. Not straitened ; not contracted. 

UN-STRAT*I-FlED, a. Not stratified ; not formed or being 
in strata or layers. Cleaveland. 

UN-STRENGTH*ENED, a. Not strengthened ; not support- 
ed ; not assisted. Hooker. 

UN-STRING*, v.t. 1. To relax tension ; to loosen. 2. To 
deprive of strings. 3. To loose ; to untie. 4. To take 
from a string. 

UN-STRUCK*, a. Not struck ; not impressed ; not affected. 

UN-STUD*IED, a. L Not studied ; not premeditated. Dry- 
den. 2. Not labored ; easy ; natural. 

UN-STu*DI-OUS, a. Not studious ; not diligent in study. 

UN-STUFF*ED, a. Not stuffed ; not filled ; not crowded. 

UN-SUB-Du*ED, a. Not subdued ; not brought into subjec- 
tion ; not conquered. 

UN-SUB*JE€T, a. Not subject; not liable; not obnox- 
ious. 

UN-SUB-JE€T'ED, a. Not subjected ; not subdued. 

UN-SUB-MIS*SIVE, a. Not submissive ; disobedient. 

UN-SUB-MIT'TING, a. Not submitting; not obsequious; 
not readily yielding. Thomson. 

UN-SUB-OR*DI-NA-TED, a. Not subordinated or reduced 
to subjection 

UN-SUB-ORN*ED, a. Not suborned ; not procured by se- 
cret collusion. Hume. 

UN-SUB*SI-DTZED, a. Not engaged in another’s service by 
receiving subsidies. 

UN-SUB-STAN'TIAL, a. l.Not substantial; not solid. 
Milton. 2. Not real ; not having substance. Addison. 

UN-SU€-CEED*ED, a. Not succeeded ; not followed. 

UN-SU€-CESS*FIJL, a. Not successful ; not producing the 
desired event ; not fortunate. Addison. 

UN-SU€-CESS*FIJL-LY, adv. Without success ; without a 
favorable issue ; unfortunately. South. 

UN-SU€-CESS*F1JL-NESS, n. Want of success or favorable 
issi)6« 

UN-SU€-CESS*IVE, a. Not proceeding by a flux of parts 
or by regular succession. Hale. 

UN-SUEIUED, a. Not having the breasts drawn. Milton. 


* Sec Sy7iopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BIJIjIj, UNITE. — G as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SlI ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


UNT 


UNT 


892 


UN-SUF'FER-A-BLE, a. Not sufferable ; not to be endur- 
ed ; intolerable. 

UN-SUF'FER-A-BLY, adv. So as not to be endured. 

UN-SUF'FER-ING, a. Not suffering ; not tolerating. 
UN-SLTF-FI"CrENCE, n. Inability to answer the end. 
UN-SUF-FI"CIENT, a. Not sufficient ; inadequate. 

JN-Srj'GARED, (un-shug'ard) a. Not sweetened with su- 
gar. Bacon. 

UN-SulT'A-BLE, a. 1. Not suitable; unfit; not adapted. 
2. Unbecoming ; improper. 

UN-SuiT'A-BLF-NESS, n. Unfitness; incongruity. 

UN-SOIT'A-BLY, ado. 1. In a manner unbecoming or im- 
proper. 2. Incongruously. 

Ux\-SulT'ED, a. Not suited; not fitted ; not adapted. 

UN-SOIT'ING, a. Not fitting ; not becoming, iihak. 

UN-SUL'LIEU, a. 1. Not sullied ; not stained ; not tarnish- 
ed. 2. Not disgraced ; free from imputation of evil. 

UN-SUNG', a. Not sung ; not celebrated in verse ; not re- 
cited in verse. Addison. 

UiV-SUN'NED, a. Not having been exposed to the sun. 

UN-SU-PER'FLU-OUS, a. Not more than enough. 

UxV-SUP-PLANT'ED, a. Not supplanted; not overthrown 
by secret ineans or stratagem. 

UN-SUP-PLrA-BLE, a. Not to be supplied. Chillingicorth. 

UN-SUP-PLT'ED, a. Not supplied ; not furnished with 
things necessary. Dryden. 

UN-SUP-PoRT'A-BLE, a. That cannot be supported. 

UN-SUP-PoRT'A-BLE-NESS, n. Insupportableness. 

UN-SUP-PORT'A-BLY, ado. Insupportably. 

UN-SUP-PoRT'ED, a. 1. Not supported ; not upheld ; not 
sustained. 2. Not countenanced ; not assisted. 

UN-SUP-PRESS'ED, a. Not suppressed ; not subdued ; not 
extinguished. 

UN-SuRE', (un-shur<^') a. Not fixed ; not certain. 

UN-SUR-MOUNT'A-BLE, a. That cannot be surmounted 
or overcome ; insuperable. Locke. 

UN-SUR-P.\SS'ED, a. Not surpassed ; not exceeded. 

UN-SUS-CEP'Tl-BLE, a. Not susceptible; not capable of 
admitting or receiving. 

t UN-SUri-PE€T', for unsuspected. 

UxV-SUS-PE€T'ED, a. Not suspected ; not considered as 
likely to have done an evil act, or to have a disposition to 
evil. 

UN-»SUS-PEGT'ED-LY, adv. In a manner to avoid sus- 
picion. 

UN-SjUS-PEGT'ING, a. Not imagining that any ill is de- 
signed ; free from suspicion. Pape. 

UN-SUS-PI 'CIOUS, a. 1. Having no suspicion ; not indulg- 
ing the imagination of evil in others. 2. Not to be sus- 
pcctctl • 

UN-SUS-PI^CIOUS-LY, adv. Without suspicion. 

UN-SUS-TaIN'A-BLE, a. Not sustainable ; that cannot be 
maintained or supported. 

UN-SUS-TaIN'ED, a. Not sustained ; not supported ; not 
seconded. 

UN-SWaTHE', V. t. To take a swathe from ; to relieve 
from a bandage. Addison. 

UN-SWa Y'A-BLE, a. That cannot be swayed, governed 
or influenced by another. [LittZe used.'] Shak. 

UN-SWaY'ED, a. 1. Not swayed ; not wielded, as a scep- 
tre. 2. Not biased ; not controlled or influenced. 

UN-SWaY'ED-NESS, n. Steadiness ; slate of being un- 
governed by another. Hales. 

UxV-SWEaR', V. t. To recant or recall an oath. Spenser. 

jUN-SWEAT', (un-sweP) v. t. To ease or cool after exer- 
cis6« 

UN-SWEATTNG, (un-swet'ing) a. Not sweating. 

UN-SWEET', a. Not sweet. [Little used.] Spenser. 

UN-SWEPT', a. Not cleaned with a broom ; not swept. 

UN-SWoRN', a. Not sworn; not bound by an oath; not 
having taken an oath. 

UN-SYM-MET'RI-€AL, a. Wanting symmetry or due pro- 
portion of parts. 

UN-SYS-TE-MAT'I€, ) a. Not systematic ; not having 

UN-SYS-TE-MAT'I-€AL, \ regular order, distribution or 
arrangement of parts. 

UN-SYS'TEM-IZED, a. Not systemized ; not arranged in 
due order ; not formed into system. 

UN-TAGK', V. t. To separate what is tacked ; to disjoin ; 
to loosen what is fast. Milton. 

UN-TaINT'ED, a. 1. Not rendered impure by admixture ; 
not impregnated with foul matter. 2. Not sullied ; not 
stained ; unblemished. 3. Not rendered unsavor)'^ by 
putrescence. 4. Not charged with a crime ; not accused. 

UN-TA INT'ED-LY, ado. Without spot ; without blemish ; 
without imputation ol crime. 

UN-TaINT'ED-NESS, 71. State or quality of being untaint- 
ed ; purity. Hall. 

UN-TaK'EN, (un-ta'kn) a. 1. Not taken ; not seized ; not 
apprehended. 2. Not reduced; not subdued. 3. Not 
swallowed. 

UN-TaM'A-BLE, a. 1. That cannot be tamed or domesti- 
cated ; that cannot be reclaimed from a wild state. 2. 
Not to be subdued or reduced to control. 


See Synopsis. A, 11, T, 0 , U, Y, lon^. — FAR, FALL, 


UN-TaM'ED, fl. 1. Not reclaimed from wildness; not do- 
mesticated ; not made familiar with man. 2. Net sub- 
dued ; n(A brought under control. 3. Not softened or 
rendered mild by culture. 

UN-TAN'GLE, y. t. To disentangle; to loose from tangles 
or intricacy. Prior. 

UN-TAN'GLED, pp. Disentangled. 

UN-TAN'GLING, ppr. Disentangling. 

UN-TAR'NiyHED, a. Not soiled; not tarnished; not 
stained ; unblemished. 

UN-TaST'ED, a. 1. Not tasted ; not tried by the taste or 
tongue. 2. Not enjoyed. 

UN-TajSTE'F[JL, a. Having no taste ; being without taste. 

UN-TaSTE'FIJL-LY, ado. Without taste or graceful- 
ness ; in bad taste. Br. Rev. 

UN-TaST'ING, a. Not tasting ; not perceiving by the 
taste. Smith. 

UN-TAUGHT', (un-tawt') a. 1. Not taught ; not instructed ; 
not educated ; unlettered ; illiterate. Dryden. 2. Un- 
skilled ; new ; not having use or practice. 

UN-TAX'ED, a. 1. Not taxed; not charged w’ith taxes. 
2. Not accused. 

UN-TkACH', V. t. pret. and pp. untaught. To cause to 
forget or lose what has been taught. Brown. 

UN-Tf.ACH'A-BLE, a. That cannot be taught or instruct- 
ed ; ind()Cile. Milton. 

UN-TeACII'A-BLE-NESS, 77. The quality of not readily 
receiving instruction ; indocility. Scott. 

UN-TEEM'ING, a. Not producing young ; barren. 

tUN-TE.M'PER-ATE, a. Intemperate. 

UN-TEM'PERED, a. Not tempered ; not duly mixed for 
use ; not durable or strong. 

UN-TEMPT'ED, a. Not tempted ; not tried by enticements 
or persuasions ; not invited by any thing alluring. 

UN-TEN'A-BLE, a. I. Not tenable ; that cannot be held in 
possession. Dryden. 2. That cannot be maintained or 
supported ; not defensible. 

UiV-l EN'ANT-A-BLE, 77. Not fit for an occupant; notin 
suitable repair or condition for a tenant. 

UN-TEN'ANT-ED, a. Not occupied by a tenant ; not in- 
habited. 

UN-TEND'ED, a. Not tended ; not having any attendant. 

UN-TEN'DER, a. 1. Not tender; not soft. 2. Wanting 
sensibility or affection. Shak. 

UN-TEN D'ERED, a. Not tendered ; not ofler'^d. 

UN-TENT', 77. t. To bring out of a tent. [Little used.] Shak. 

UN-TENT'ED, a. Not having a medical tent applied. 

UN-TER'RI-FTED, a. JVot terrified ; not affrighted ; not 
daunted. Milton. 

UN-l’EST'ED, a. Not tested ; not tried by a standard. 
Adams^ Lect. 

UN-THANK'ED, a. 1. Not thanked ; not repaid with ac- 
knowledgments. 2. Not received with thankfulness. 

UN-THANK'FUL, o . Not thankful ; ungrateful ; not mak- 
ing acknowledgm mts for good received. 

UN-THANK'FTJIi-LY, ado. Without thanks ; without a 
grateful acknowledgment of favors. Boyle. 

UN-THANK'-FUL-NESS, n. Neglect o^r omission of ac- 
knowledgment for good received ; want of a sense of 
kindness or benefits ; ingratitude. 

UN-THAW'ED, a. Not thawed ; not melted or dissolved ; 
as ice or snow. Pope. 

UN-THINK', V. t. To dismiss a thought. Shak. 

UN-THINK'ING, a. 1. Not thinking ; not heedful ; thought- 
less ; inconsiderate. 2. Not indicating thought or reflec- 
tion. 

UN-THINK'ING-NESS, 7i. Want of thought or reflection ; 
habitual thoughtlessness. Halifax. 

UN-THORN'Y, a. Not thorny ; free from thorns. 

UN-THOUGHT', (un-thawt') a. Not supposed to be. B. 
.Tonson. 

UN-THOUGHT'FUL, (un-thawt'ful)a. Thoughtless; heed- 
less* 

UN-THOUGHT' OF. Not thought of ; not regarded ; not 
heeded. 

UN-THREAD', (un-thred') v. t. To draw or take out a thread 
from. 2. To loose. Milton. 

UN-THREAD'ED, pp. Deprived of a thread. 

UN-THREAD'ING, ppr. Depriving of a thread. 

UN-THREAT'ENED, (un-thret'nd) a. Not threatened ; not 
menaced. K. Charles. 

UN'THRIFT, 77. A prodigal ; one who wastes his estate by 
extr.avaeance. Drvden. 

UN-a’HRlFT'I-LYj'^fldy. Without frugality. Collier. 

UN-THRIFT'I-NESS, n. Waste of property without neces- 
sity or use ; prodigality ; profusion. Hayirard. 

UN-THRIFT'Y, <7. 1. Prodigal; lavish; profuse; spending 
property without necessity or use. 2. Not thriving ; not 
gaining property. 3. Not gaining flesh. 4. Not vigorous 
in erowHi, as a plant. 

UN-THRiV'ING, 77. Not thriving ; not prospering in tem- 
poral affairs ; not gaining pro|)erty. 

UN-THRoNE', V. t. To remove from a throne, or from su- 
preme authority ; to dethrone. 


.TIAT ;— PRii.Y PiN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


UNT 


893 UNV 


UN-TT'Dr-NESS, n. Want of tidiness or neatness. 

UN-TI'OV, a. 1. Not tidy ; not seasonable ; not ready. 2. 
Not neatly dressed ■, not in good order. 

UN-TfE , y. t. 1. To loosen, as a knot; to disengage the 
parts that form a knot ; as, untie the knot, 2. To unbind ; 
to free from any fastening. 3. To loosen from coils or 
convolution. 4. To loose ; to separate someihing attached. 
5. To resolve ; to unfold ; to clear. 

UN-Ti'ED, pp. J. Loosed, as a knot ; unbound ; separated ; 
resolved. 2. a. Not tied; not bound or gathered in a 
knot; loose. 3. Not fastened with a knot. 4. Not held 
by any tie or band. 

prep, [an iind till. See Till.] 1. To \ used of time. 
2. 4'o ; used of objects ; [efts.] Spenser. 3. Preceding a 
sentence or clause^ to ; that is, to the event mentioned, or 
the time of it ; as, until this hour. 4. To the point or 
place of. 5. To the degree that. 

UN-TTLE', V. t. To take the tiles from ; to uncover by re- 
moving tiles. Swift. 

UN-TlLL £D, a. Not tilled ; not cultivated. Mortimer. 

UN-TIM'BEREU, (/. 1. Not furnished with timber. Shak. 
2. Not covered with timber trees. 

UN-TIME'LY, u. J. Happening before the usual time. 2. 
Happening before the natural time ; premature. 

UN-TT.METj V, udc. Before the natural time. Shak. 

UN-TlNE THit El), a. Not tinctured ; not tinged. 

UN-TIN'UED, a. i. Not tinged; not stained; not dis- 
colored. tioylc. 2. Not infected. Swift. 

UN-THl'A-BLE, a. That cannot be wearied; indefatiga- 

- ble ; unwearied. Shak. 

UN-TIR'ED, a. Not tired ; not exhausted by labor. 

UN-TTR INH, a. Not becoming tired or exhausted. 

Ux\-TI TLEl), a. Having no title. Skuk. 

I UN'TO, prep. A compound of un^ [<>u,] and to; of no use 
in the language, as it ex|)resses no more than to. It is found 
in writers of former times, but is entirely obsolete. 

UN-ToLD', a. 1. Not told ; nor related; not revealed. 
Driiden. 2. Not numbered ; as, money untold. 

UN-ToMB', (un-toond; r. t. To disinter. Fuller. 

UN-T()OTH'S6ME, n. Not pleasant to the taste. 

UN-T6UCH' A-BLE, a. Not to be touched. Feltham. 

UN-T6HCH'EL), (un-tucht') o. 1. Not touched; notreached; 
not hit. 2. Not moved ; not affected. 3. Not meddled 
with^ 

UN-To'WARD, a. 1. Froward ; perverse ; refractory ; not 
easily guided or taught. 2. Awkward ; ungraceful. 3. 
Inconvenient; troublesome; unmanageable. 

UN-TO'WARD-LY, In a froward or perverse manner; 
perversely ; ungainly. Tdlotson. 

UN-To'WArD-LY, a. Awkward; perverse; froward. 

UN-'ro'W.\RD-NESS, n. Awkwardness; frowardness ; 
perverseness. Bp. Wilson. 

UN-TRaUE'A-BLE, a. That cannot be traced. 

HN-TRa'CED, a. 1. Not traced ; not followed. 2. Not 
morked by footsteps. 3. Not m.irked out. 

UN-TRA€K'ED, rt. 1. Not tracked ; not marked by foot- 
steps. 2. Not followed by the tracks. 

UN-TR ACT' A-BLE, a. [h. intractabilis.'] 1. Not tractable ; 
not yielding to discipline ; stubborn ; indocile ; ungovern- 
able, 2, Rough ; difficult. 3. Not yielding to the heator 
to the hammer, as an ore. 

UN-TRA€'r'A-BLE-NESS, n. Refractoriness; stubborn- 
ness ; unwillingness to be governed, controlled or man- 
aged. 

UN-TRaDTNG, n. Not engaged in commerce. 

UN-TRaIN'ED, a. 1. Not trained; not disciplined; not 
skillful. 2. Not educated ; not instructed. 3. Irregular; 
ungovernable. 

UN-TRAM'AIELED, a. Not trammeled ; not shackled. 

UN-TRANS-FER' A-BLE, a. That cannot be transferred or 
passed from one to another. 

UN-TRANS-FER'RED, a. Not transferred ; not conveyed 
or assigned to another. 

UN-TRANS-LaT' A-BLE, a. Not capable of being trans- 
lated. 

UN-TRANS LaT'ED, a. Not translated or rendered into 
another language. 

UN-TRANS-PaR^ENT, a. Not transparent ; not diapha- 
nous ; opaque ; not permeable by light. Boyle. 

UN-TPtANS-PoS'ED, fun-trans pozd') a. Not transposed ; 
having the natural order. Rambler. 

UN-TR AV'ELED, a. 1. Not traveled ; not trodden by pas- 
sengers. 2. Having never seen foreign countries. 

UN-TRAV'ERSED, a. Not traversed ; not passed over. 

UN-TREAD', (un-tred') v. t. To tread back ; to go back in 
the same steps. Shak. 

UN-TREA?'URED, (un-trezh'urd) a. Not treasured ; not 
laid up; not reposited. Shak. 

t UN-TRe.\3’ A-BLE, a. Not treatable ; not practicable. 

UxN-TREAl'BLTNG, a. Not trembling or shaking ; firm ; 
stead V. Montgomeni. 

UN-TRT ED, a. 1. Not tried ; not attemnted. 2. Not yet 
experiencerl. 3. Not having passed trial ; not heard and 
determined in law. 


UN-TRIM'MED, a. Not trimmed ; not pruned ; not dress- 
ed ; not put in order. 

f UN-TRT'UMPH-A-BLE, a. That admits no triumph. 

UN-TRl'UMPHED, a. Nf)t triumphed over. 

UN-'J’ROD', ) a. Not having been tiod ; not passed 

UN-TROD DEN, ^ over ; not marked by the feet. 

UN-TRoLL'ED, a. Not trolled ; not rolled along. 

UN-TR6UB'LED, (un-trub Id) a. 1. Not troubled ; not dis- 
turbed by care, sorrow or business ; free from trouble. 2. 
Not agitated ; not ruffled ; not confused ; free from pas- 
sion 3. Not agitated ; not moved. 4. Not disturbed or 
interrupted in the natural course. 5. Not foul; not tur- 
bid ; clear. 

fUN-TRoUB'LED-NESS, n. State of being free from 
trouble ; unconcern. Hammond. 

UN-l’RuE', a. ]. Not true ; false ; contrary to the fact. 2. 
Not faithful to another ; not fulfilling the duties of a hus- 
band, wife, vassal, &c.; false; disloyal. 3. Inconstant, 
as a lover. 

UN-TRu'LY, adv. Not truly ; falsely ; not according to re- 
ality. 

UN-'J’RUSS', V. t. To untie or unfasten; to loose from a 
truss ; to let out. Dryden. 

UN-TRUSS'ED, a. Not trussed ; not tied up. 

UN-TRUST'I-NESS, v. Unfaithfulness in the discharge of 
a trust. 

UN-TRUST'Y, a. Not trusty ; not worthy of confidence j 
unfiiithful. 

UN-'PRuTH', 7?. ]. Contrariety to truth ; falsehood. 2. 
Want of veracity. 3. 'ITeachery ; want of fidelity ; 

4. False assertion. 

UN-TUCK'ER ED, a. Having no tucker. Jiddisov. 

UN-TuN'A-BLE, a. 1. Not harmonious ; not musical. 2. 
Not capable of making music. 3. Not capable of being 
tuned, 

UN-TuNE', V. t. 1. To make incapable of harmony. SAa/c. 
2. To disorder. Shak. 

UN-TURN'ED, a. Not turned; as, he left no stone un- 
turned. 

IJN-Tu TORED, a. Uninstructed ; untaught. Prior. 

UN-TWTNE', r. t. 1. To untwisi;. 2. To open ; to dis- 
entangle. 3. To separate, as that which winds or clasps. 

UN-TWIST', V. t. 1. To separate and open, as threads 
twisted ; or to turn back that which is twisted. 2. To 
open ; to disentangle, as intricacy. 

UN-'PN'. See Untie. 

UN-U'NI-FORM, a. Not uniform ; wanting uniformity. 
\Tnt.tle used.'] 

UN-UP-HELD', a. Not upheld ; not sustained. Pollok. 

UN-UR '(jED, a. Not urged ; not pressed with solicitation. 

UN-U.'P'ED, flf. 1. Not put to use ; not employed. 2. That 
has never been used. 3. Not accustomed. 

UN-USE'FUL, a. Useless ; serving no good purpose. 

IJN-l^JS U-ATi, ( un-yu'zhu-al) a. Not usual ; not common; rare. 

UN-US'U-AL-LY, adv. Not commonly ; not frequently j 
rarely. 

UN-US'U-AL-NESS, n. Uncommonness ; infrequency ; 
rareness of occurrence. Broome. 

UN-U7’ TER-A-BLE, a. That cannot be uttered or express- 
ed ; ineffable; inexpressible. 

UN-VaIL', V. t. To remove a vail from ; to uncover ; to dis- 
close to view. 

t UN-VAL'U-A-BLE, a. Being above price ; invaluable. 

UN-VAL'UED, a. 1. Not valued ; not prized ; neglected. 
2. Inestimable; not to be valued. 3. Not estimated ; not 
having the value set. 

UN-VAN'(WISH-A-BLE, <7. That cannot be conquered. 

UN-VAN'UUISHED, a. Not conquered ; not overcome. 

UN-Va'RI-A-BLE, a. Not variable ; not changeable. 

UN-Va'RIED, a. Not varied; not altered; not diversi- 
fied. 

IJN-Va'RT-E-GA-TED, a. Not variegated ; not diversified. 

UN-VaR'NIPHED, a. 1. Not overlaid with varnish. 2. 
Not artificially colored or adorned ; not artfully embellish- 
ed ; plain. 

UN-Va'RY-ING, a. Not altering ; not liable to change. 

UN-VEtL'. See Unvail. 

UN-VEIL'ED-LY, ode. Plainly; without disguise. [L.uy 

UN-VEN'ER-A-BLE, a. Not venerable ; not worthy of ven 
eration. Shak. 

UN-VEN'TI-LA-TED, a. Not fanned by the wind ; not pu- 
rified by a free current of air. 

UN-VERD'ANT, er. Not verdant ; not green. Congreve. 

t UN- VER'I-T A-BLE, Not true. Brown. 

UN-VERS'ED, a. Not skilled ; not versed ; unacquainted. 

UN-VEX'ED, a. Not vexed ; not troubled ; not disturbed 
or irritated. Drvden. 

UN-Vf'O-LA-TED, a. 1. Not violated ; not injured. 2. 
Not broken ; not transgressed ; as. Laws uwivlnted. 

UN-ViRT'U-OUS, a. Not virtuous ; destitute of virtue. 

UN-Vr.«'ARD, v.t. To unmask. .Mlton. 

TJN-VrfR'TT-ED, a. Not visited ; not resorted to. 

UN-VT'TAL, a. Not vital ; not affecting life. Med. Repos. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ; — BIJLL, UNITE. — C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


UNW 


894 


UP 


tTN-Vt'’'TIA-TED, ) av Not vitiated; not corrupted. B. Jon- 
UN-VI"CIA-TED, i son. 

UN-VIT'RI-FIED) a. Not vitrified ; not converted into 
glass. 

UN-VOL'A-TIL-IZED, a. Not volatilized, jiikin. 
UN-VoTE', V. t. To contravene by vote a former vote ; to 
annul a former vote. Burke. 

UN-VOVV^ELED, a. Having no vowels. Skinner. 
t UN-VOY^AGE-A-BLE, a. Not to be navigated or passed 
over on a fluid. Milton. 

UN-VUL'GAR, a. Not common. B. Jonson. 
UN-VUL'NER-A-BLE, «. Not vulnerable. 
UN-Wa'KENED, a. Not awakened ; not roused from sleep 
or stupidity. 

UN-WALL'ED, a. Not surrounded or supported by a 
wall." 

UN-WaRES', adv. Unexpectedly. [For this, unawurcs is 
used.] 

UN-Wa'RI-LY, adv. Without vigilance and caution ; heed- 
lessly. Digby. 

UN-WA'RI-NESS, n. Want of vigilance ; want of caution ; 

carelessness ; heedlessness. Spectator. 

UN-WAR'LlKE, a. Not fit for war ; not used to war ; not 
military. Waller. 

UN-WARM'ED, a. 1. Not warmed. 2. Not excited. 
UN-WARN'ED, a. Not cautioned ; not previously admon- 
ished of danger. Locke. 

UN-WARP', V. t. To reduce back what is warped. 
UN-WARP'ED, a. Not warped ; not biased ; not turned 
from the true direction ; impartial. Thomson. 
UN-WARP'ING, a. Not bending ; unyielding: not devia- 
ting. Dioight. 

UN-WAR'RANT-A-BLE, a. Not defensible ; not vindica- 
ble ; not justifiable ; illegal ; unjust ; improper. 
UN-WAR'RANT-A-BLE-NESS, n. State of being unwar- 
rantable. Abp. Saner oft. 

UN-WAR'RANT-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that cannot be 
justified. Wake, 

UN-WAK'RANT-ED, a. 1. Not warranted; not authori- 
zed. 2. Not ascertained ; not assured or certain. 3. Not 
covenanted to be good, sound or of a certain quality. 
UN-Wa'R Y, a. 1. Not vigilant against danger ; not cautious ; 

unguarded; precipitate. Dryden. 2. Unexpected ; [ 065 .] 
UN-WASH'ED, I a. Not washed ; not cleansed by water. 
UN-WASH'EN, \ Matt. xv. 

UN-WaST'ED, a. 1. Not lost by extravagance or negli- 
gence ; not lavished away ; not dissipated. 2. Not con- 
sumed by time or violence. 3. Not lost by exhaustion, 
evaporation or other means. 

UN-WaST^ING, a. Not growing less ; not decaying. 
UN-WA'TERED, a. Not watered ; dry. Pope. 
f UN-Wa Y'ED, a. Not used to travel. Suckling. 
UN-WeAK'ENED, a. Not weakened; not enfeebled. 
UN-WEaLTH'Y, (un-welth'y) a. Not wealthy. Lang- 
horne. 

UN-WEAP'ONED, (un-wep'nd) a. Not furnished with 
weapons or offensive arms. Raleigh. 
UN-WeA'RI-A-BLE, a. That cannot be wearied ; indefat- 
igable. [Little used.] Hooker. 

UN-WeA'RI-A-BLY, adv. So as not to be fatigued. Bp. 
Hall. 

UN-WeA'RIED, a. 1. Not tired; not fatigued. 2. Inde- 
fatigable ; continual ; that does not tire or sink under fa- 
tig ue_^ 

UN-WeA'RIED-LY, adv. Without tiring or sinking under 
fatigue. 

UN-WeA'RIED-NESS, n. State of being unwearied. 
UN-WeA'RY, a. Not weary ; not tired. 

UN-WeA'RY, V. t. To refresh after fatigue. Temple. 
UN-WeAVE', V. t. To unfold; to undo what has been 
woven. Sandys. 

UN-WED', a. Unmarried. Shak. 

UN-WED'DED, a. Unmarried ; remaining single. 

I UN-WEDGE'A-BLE, (un-wedj'a-bl) a. Not to be split 
with wedges. Shak. 

UN-WEED'ED, a. Not weeded; not cleared of weeds. 
UN-WEEP'ED. See Unwept. 
t UN-WEET'ING, a. Ignorant ; unknowing, 
t UN-WEET'ING-LY, adv. Ignorantly. Spenser. 
tlN-WEIGH'ED, a. 1. Not weighed ; not having the weight 
ascertained. 2. Not deliberately considered and examin- 
ed. 3. Not considerate ; negligent. 

UN-WEIGH'ING, a. Inconsiderate; thoughtless. Shak. 
UN-WEL'€ 6 ME, a. Not welcome ; not grateful ; not pleas- 
ing ; not well received. 

UN-WELL', a. Not well ; indisposed ; not in good health. 
UN-WELL'NESS, n. State of being indisposed. 
UN-WEPT', a. Not lamented ; not mourned. 

UN- WET', a. Not wet or moist. Dryden. 

UN-WHIP'PED, ) a. Not whipped ; not corrected with the 
UN-WHIPT', j rod. Pope. 

t UN-WHoLE', a. Whole.] Not sound ; infirm. 
UN-WHoLE'SoME, a. 1. Not wholesome ; unfavorable to 
health ; insalubrious. 2. Pernicious. 


UN-WHoLE'S6ME-NESS, n. Insalubrity ; state or quality 
of being injurious or noxious to health. 

UN-WIeLD'I-LY, adv. Heavily ; with difficulty. Dry 
den. 

UN-WIELD'I-NESS, n. Heaviness ; difficulty of being mov- 
ed. Donne. 

UN-WIeLD'Y, a. That is moved with difficulty ; unman- 
ageable ; bulky ; ponderous. 

UN-WILL'ED, a. Not willed ; not produced by the will. 

UN-WILL'ING, a. Not willing ; loth ; disinclined. 

UN-WILL'ING-LY, adv. Not with good will ; not cheer- 
fully ; reluctantly. 

UN-WILL'ING-NESS, n. Lothness; disinclination; re- 
luctance. 

UN-WiND', V. t.; pret. and pp. unwound. 1. To wind off; 
to loose or separate what is wound. 2. To disentangle. 

UN-WIND', 2 ?. i. To admit evolution. Mortimer. 

UN-WiP'ED, a. Not cleaned by rubbing. Shak. 

UN-WISE', a. 1. Not wise ; not choosing the best means 
for the end ; defective in wisdom. 2. Not dictated by 
wisdom ; not adapted to the end. 

UN-WiSE'LY, adv. Not wisely ; not prudently. 

f UN- WISH', V. t. To wish that which is, not to be. Shak. 

UN-WISH'ED, a. Not wished ; not sought ; not desired. 
Pope. 

■f UN-WIST', a. Not known. Spenser. 

t UN-WIT', V. t. To deprive of understanding. Shak. 

UN-WITH-DRAW'ING, a. Not withdrawing; continually 
liberal. Milton. 

UN-WIT H'ERED, a. Not withered or faded. 

UN-WITH'ER-ING, a. Not liable to wither or fade. 

UN-WITH-STOOD', a. Not opposed. Philips. 

UN-WIT'NESSED, a. Not witnessed ; not attested by wit- 
nesses ; wanting testimony. 

UN-WIT'TI-LY, ado. Without wit. Cowley. 

UN-WIT'TING-LY, adv. Without knowledge or conscious- 
ness ; ignorantly. 

UN-WIT'TY, a. Not witty ; destitute of wit. 

I UN-AVIV'ED, a. Having no wife. Selden. 

UN-WOM'AN, V. t. To deprive of the qualities of a woman. 

UN-WOM'AN-LY, a. Unbecoming a woman. 

UN-W 6 NT', a. [a contraction of unwonted.] Unaccustom- 
ed ; unused. Spenser. 

UN-W 6 NT'ED, a. 1. Unaccustomed; unused; not made 
familiar by practice. 2. Uncommon ; unusual ; infre- 
quent ; rare. 

UN-W 6 NT'ED-NESS, n. Uncommonness; rareness. 

UN-W'"00'ED, a. Not wooed ; not courted. Shak. 

UN-W6RK'1NG, a. Living without labor. Locke. 

f UN-W 6 RM'ED, a. Not wormed. Beaumont. 

UN-WoRN', a. Not worn ; not impaired. Young. 

UN-WoR'SHIPED, a. Not worshiped; not adored. Mil- 
ton. 

UN-W 6 R'SHIP-ING, a. Not worshiping. Matthews. 

UN-W 6 R'THI-LY, adv. Not according to desert ; without 
due regard to merit. 

UN-W’'oR'THI-NESS, n. Want of worth or merit. 

UN-WOR'TH\, a. 1. Not deserving ; followed by of. 2. 
Not deserving ; wanting merit. 3. Unbecoming ; vile ; 
base. 4. Not suitable ; inadequate. 

UN-WOUND', pp. of wind. Wound off; untwisted. 

UN-WOUND'ED, a. 1. Not wounded ; not hurt ; not injur- 
ed in body. 2. Not hurt ; not offended. 

UN-W'^RAP', V. t. To open what is wrapped or folded. 

UN-WReATH', V. t. To untwist or untwine. Boyle. 

UN-WRIN'KLE, v. t. To reduce wrinkles ; to smooth. 

UN-WRIT'ING, a. Not writing ; not assuming the charac- 
ter of an author. 

UN-WRIT'TEN, (un-rit'n) a. 1. Not written ; not reduced 
to writing ; verbal. 2. Blank ; containing no writing. 

UN-WROUGHT', (un-rawt') a. Not labored ; not manufact- 
ured ; not reduced to due form. Dryden. 

UN-WRUNG', (un-rung') a. Not pinched. Shak. 

UN-YIeLD'ED, a. Not yielded ; not conceded. 

UN-YIeLD'ING, a. 1. Not yielding; unbending; unpli- 
ant ;_stiflT ; firm ; obstinate. 2. Not giving place. 

UN-YoKE', V. t. 1. To loose from a yoke ; to free from a 
yoke_. Shak. 2. To part ; to disjoin. Shak. 

UN-YoK'ED, pp. 1. Freed from the yoke. 2. a. Not hav- 
ing worn the yoke. 3. Licentious ; unrestrained. 

UN-YoK'ING, ppr. Freeing from the yoke. 

UN-ZoN'ED, a. Not bound with a girdle. Prior. 

UP, adv. [Sax. up,upp ; G. auf; D., Dan. op ,* Sw. up.] 1. 
Aloft ; on high. 2. Out of bed. 3. Having risen from a 
seat. 4. From a state of concealment or discumbiture. 
5. In a state of being built. Shak. 6. Above the horizon. 
7. To a state of excitement. 8 . To a state of advance or 
proficiency. 9. In a state of elevation or exaltation. 10. 
In a state of climbing or ascending. 11 . In a state of in- 
surrection. 12. In a state of being increased or raised. 
13. In a state of approaching. 14. In order. 15. From 
younger to elder years. — f/p and down. 1 . From one 
place to another ; here and there. 2. From one state or 
position to another ; backwards and forwards. — Up to, to 


* See Synopsis A, K, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD y— j Obsolete. 


UPR 


895 VRG 


a degree or point adequate. — Up with, raise ; lift. — Up is 
much used to modify the actions expressed by verbs. 

UP, prep. From a lower to a higher place ; as, go up the 
hill. 

UP-BEaR', V. t . ; pret. upbore ; pp. upborne. 1. To raise 
aloft ; to lift j to elevate. 2. To sustain aloft ; to sup- 
port in an elevated situation. 3. To support 3 to sustain. 
UP-BiND', V. t. To bind up. Collins. 
tUP-BLoW', V. t. To blow up. Spenser. 

UP-BRaID', V. t. [Sax. upgebredan ; Dan. bebrejder.) 1. 
To charge with something wrong or disgraceful ; to re- 
proach ; to cast in the teeth. 2. To reproach ; to chide. 
3. To reprove with severity. 4. To bring reproach on. 5. 
To treat with contempt ; [065.] 

UP-BRaID'ED, pp. Charged with something wrong or dis- 
graceful ; reproached ; reproved. 

UP-BRaID'ER, n. One who upbraids or reproves. 
UP-BRaID'ING, ppr. Accusing; casting in the teeth; re- 
proaching ; reproving. 

TJP-BRaID'ING, 7^. 1. A charging with something wrong 
or disgraceful ; the act of reproaching or reproving. 2. 
The reproaches or accusations of conscience. 

• UP-BRaY', for upbraid, to shame. Spenser. 
UP-BROUGHT', (up-brawt') a. Brought up; educated. 
JP'CAST, a. 1. Cast up ; a term in bowling. 2. Thrown 
upwards ; as, with upcast eyes. Dryden. 

UP'CaST, n. In bowling, a cast ; a throw. Shak. 
f UP-DRAW', V. t. To draw up. Milton. 
f UP-GA'iTi'ER, v.t. To contract. Spe7iser, 
f UP-GRoW', V. i. To grow up. Milton. 

UP'HAND, a. Lifted by the hand. Moxon. 

UP-HeAVE', V. t. To heave or lift up. 

UP-HEIiD', pret. and pp. of uphold. Sustained. 

UP'HILL, a. Difficult, like the act of ascending a hill, 
t UP-HoARD', V. t. To hoard up. Shak. 

UP-HoLD', V. t. ; pret. and pp. upheld. [Upholden is obso- 
lete.] 1. To lift on high ; to elevate. 2. To support ; to 
sustain ; to keep from falling or slipping. 3. To keep 
from declension. 4. To support in any state. 5. To 
continue ; to maintain. 6. To keep from being lost. 7. 
To continue without failing. 8. To continue in being. 
UP-HoLD'ER, 7t. 1. One that upholds ; a supporter ; a de- 
fender ; a sustainer. 2. An undertaker ; one who pro- 
vides for funerals. 

UP-HoL'STER-ER, v. [from up and hold.] One who fur- 
nishes houses with beds, curtains and the like. Pope. 
UP-HoL'STER-Y', n. Furniture supplied by upholsterers. 
UP'LAND, n. High land ; ground elevated above tiie 
meadows and intervals which lie on the banks of rivers, 
near the sea, or between hills ; land which is generally 
dry. 

UP'LAND, a. 1. Higher in situation ; being on upland. 2. 
Pertaining to uplands. 

UP-LAND'ISH, a. Pertaining to uplands ; dwelling on 
high lands or mountains. Chapman. 

UP-LaY', V. t. To lay up ; to hoard. Donne. 

UP-LeAD', V. t. To lead upwards. Milton. 

UP-LED', pp. Led upwards. 

UP-LIFT', V. t. To raise aloft ; to raise ; to elevate. 
UP-LIFT'ED, pp. Raised high ; lifted ; elevated, 
t UP-LOCK', V. t. To lock up. Shak. 
t UP-LOOK', V. t. To look up. Shak. 

UP'MoST, a. [up and most.] Highest ; topmost. [L. ?i.] 
UP-ON', prep. [Sax. ufan, ufon, or ufe. This is probably 
up and on.] 1. Resting or being on the top or surface ; as, 
being upon a hill. 2. In a state of resting or dependence. 
3. Denoting resting, as a burden. 4. In the direction or 
part of. 5. Relating to. 6. In consideration of. 7. Near 
to. 8. With, or having received. 9. On the occasion of ; 
engaged in for the execution of. 10. In ; during the time 
of. 11. Noting security. 12. Noting approach or attack. 
13. Noting exposure, or incurring some danger or loss. 14. 
At the time of; on occasion of. 15. By inference from, 
or pursuing a certain supposition. 16. Engaged in. 17. 
Having a particular manner. 18. Resting or standing, as 
on a condition. 19. Noting means of subsistence or sup- 
port. 20. Noting dependence for subsistence. 

UP'PER, a. [comp, from rtp.] 1. Higher in place. 2. Su- 
perior in rank or dignity ; as, the upper house of a legisla- 
ture. — Upper-hand, advantage; superiority. — Upper-works , 
in a ship, the parts above water w'hen the ship is properly 
balanced for a voyage. 

UP'PER-MoST, a. [superl. ; upper and most.] 1. Highest 
in place. 2. Highest in power or authority. 3. Predom- 
inant ; most powerful. 

UP'PISH, a. Proud ; arrogant. [./? loic word.] 

UP-RAISE', V. t. [up and raise.] To raise ; to lift up. 
UP-ReAR', V. t. [up and rear.] To rear up; to raise. 
Qay. 

UP'RTGHT, (up'rlte) a. [up dLud right.] 1. Erect ; perpen- 
dicular to the plane of the horizon. 2. Erected ; prick- 
ed up; shooting directly from the body. 3. Honest; 
just ; adhering to rectitude in all social intercourse ; not 


deviating from correct moral principles. 4. ConforniaMi? 
to moral rectitude. 

UP'RIGHT, 71. 1. In architecture, a representation ot 

draught of the front of a building ; called also an eleva- 
tio7i or orthography. 2. Something standing erect or per-* 
pendicular. 

UP-RiGHT'LY, adv. 1. In a direction perpendicular to the 
plane of the horizon ; in an erect position. 2. Honestly ; 
with strict observance of rectitude. 

UP-RiGHT'NESS, n. 1. Perpendicular erection, 2. Hon- 
esty ; integrity in principle or practice ; conformity to rec- 
titude and justice in social dealings. 

UP-RISE', V. i. ; pret. uprose ; pp. uprisen. 1. To rise from 
bed or from a seat. 2. To ascend above the horizon. 3. 
To ascend, as a hill ; [o&s.] 

t UP-RiSE', 71. A rising ; appearance above the horizon. 
UP-RIS'ING, ppr. Rising ; ascending. 

UP-RIS'ING, 71. The act of rising. Vs. cxxxix. 

UP'RoAR, n. [D. oproer ; G. a7ifruhr.] Great tumult ; vio- 
lent disturbance and noise ; bustle and clamor, 
t UP-RoAR', V. t. To throw Into confusion. 

UP-RoLL', V. t. [up and roll.] To roll up. Milton. 
UP-ROOT', v.t. To root up ; to tear up by the roots. 
UP-ROUSE', V. t. To rouse from sleep; to awake. 
UP-SET', V. t. [up and set.] To overturn ; to overthrow ; 
to overset, as a carriage. 

UP'SHOT, 71. [up and shot.] Final issue ; conclusion ; end, 
UP'SiDE DOWN. The upper part undermost. — As a 
phrase, this denotes in confusion. South. 
t UP'SPRING, ?i. [up and spritig.] An upstart. Shak. 

I UP-SPRU'JG', V. i. To spring up. Sackville. 
t UP-STAND', y. t. To be erected. May. 

LH^-STaRT', v.i. To start or snring up suddenly. 
UF'START, n. 1. One that suddenly rises from low life 
to .wealth, power or honor. 2. Something that springs up 
suddenly. 

UP START, a. Suddenly raised. Shak. 

UP-STAY', V. t. [up and stay.] To sustain ; to support, 
t UP-SWARM', V. t. To raise in a swarm. Shak. 
j UP-TAKE', V. t. To take into the hand. Spe7iser. 
UP-TEAR', V. t. [up and tear.] To tear up. Milton. 
f UP-TRAIN', V. t. To train up ; to educate. Spenser. 
UP-TURN', V. t. To turn up ; to throw up. Pope. 
UP'WARD, a. Directed to a higher place. 

[UP'WARD, 70 The top. Shak. 

UP'WARD, ) adv. 1. Toward a higher place ; opposed to 
UP'WARDS, ^ downumrd. 2. Toward heaven and God. 
3. With respect to the higher part. 4. More than, indefi- 
nitely. 5. Toward the source. Pope. 

UP-WiltRL', V. i. [up and whirl.] To rise upwards in a 
whirl ; to whirl upwards. Milto7i. 

UP-WHiRL', V. t. To raise upwards in a whirling direc- 
tion 

UP-WiND', V. t. [7777 and wind.] To wind up. Spenser. 

U-R AN-GLIM'MER, 71. An ore of uranium; uran-mica ; 
chalcolite. 

U'R AN-ITE, n. An ore or phosphate of uranium. 
U-RAN-IT'I€, a. Pertaining to uranite, or resembling it. 
U-RA'NI-UM, 77. [Gr. ovpavog.] A metal discovered in 1769 
by Klaproth, in the mineral called pechblend. 
U-RAN-o'€HER, 71 . Pechblend, an ore of uranium, con- 
taining the metal in an oxydized state. 

U-RAN-OL'O-OY, 77. [Gr. ovpavog and Xoyoj.] A discourse 
or treatise on the heavens. Mitchill. 

UR-BANE', a. [L. urba77us, from urbs, a city.] Civil ; court- 
eous in manners ; polite. 

UR-BAN'I-TY, 77. [Fr. urbanite L. 7irbanitas.] 1. That 
civility or courtesy of manners which is acquired by asso- 
ciating with well-bred people ; politeness ; polished man- 
ners. 2j Facetiousness. 

UR'BAN-IZE, V. t. To render civil and courteous ; to pol- 
ish. 

UR'CE-O-LATE, a. [L. 7irceolus.] In botany, shaped like 
a pitcher ; swelling out like a pitcher. Lee. 

UR'CHIN, 71 . [Arm. heureuchin ; L. erinaceus.] 1. A name 
given to the hedgehog. 2. A name of slight anger given 
to a child. 

t URE, 71. Use ; practice. 

U'RE-A, 77. A substance obtained from urine. Ure. 
U'RE-TER, 77. [Gr. ovpnmp.] A tube conveying the urine 
from the kidney to the blacider. Quincy. 

U-Re'THRA, 77. [Gr. oapT70pa.] The canal by which tlie 
urine is conducted from the bladder and discharged. 
URGE, V. t. [L. urgeo.] 1. To press ; to push ; to drive ; 
to impel ; to apply force to, in almost any manner. 2. To 
press the mind or will ; to press by motives, arguments, 
persuasion or importunity. 3. To provoke; to exasper- 
ate. 4. To follow close ; to impel. 5. To labor vehe- 
mently ; to press with eagerness. 6. To press. 7. To 
importune ; to solicit earnestly. 8. To apply forcibly. 
URGE, V. i. To press forward ; as, he strives to urge up- 
ward. 

URGED, pp. Pressed ; impelled ; importuned. 


See Sij 7 iopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; » as Z ; CH as SH 3 TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


USE 


896 UTM 


UR6'EN^-CY, n. 1. Pressure ; importunity ; earnest solici- 
tation. 2. Pressure of necessity. 

URC'ENT, a. 1. Pressing with importunity. Ex. xii. 2. 
Pressing with necessity ; violent ; vehement. 

URci ENT-LY, ado. With pressing importunity j violently ; 
vehemently ; forcibly. 

URC'ER, n. One who urges ; one who importunes. 

UR(j E'-W6N-DER, A sort of grain. Mortimer. 

UR'GING, ppr. 1. Pressing; driving; impelling. 2. a. 
Pressing with solicitations; importunate. 

UMtIO, a. In chemuitry, the uric acid, called also lithic acid, 
is obtained from the urinary calculi. 

U'RIM, /i. [I' eb. The Urim and Thummim^ among 

the Israelites, signify lights and perfections. These were 
a kind of ornament belonging to the habit of the high 
priest, in virtue of which he gave oracular answers to the 
people. 

U'RL\-AL, n. [Fr. urinal ; L. urinalis.'] 1. A bottle in 
which urine is kept for inspection. 2. A vessel for 
containing urine. — 3. In chemistry, an oblong glass ves- 
sel, used in making solutions. Cyc, 

U'Rl-NA-RY, a. [from urine.'] Pertaining to urine. 

U'RI-NA-RV, or U-RI-Na*RI-UM, n. In agriculture, a res- 
ervoir or place for the reception of urine, &.c. for manure. 
Cyc, 

U'RI-NA-TiVE, a. Provoking urine. Bacon. 

U-RI-Na'TOR, 11 . [L.] A diver; one who plunges and 
sinks in water in search of something, as for pearls. Ray. 

U'RlNE, ». [L. un/ia.] An animal fluid or liquor secret- 
ed by the kidneys, whence it is conveyed into the blad- 
der by the ureters, and through the urethra discharged. 

U4UNE, v.i. To discharge urine. Bacon. 

U'RI-NOCJS, a. Pertaining to urine, or partaking of its qual- 
ities. jirouthnot. 

Urn, n. [L. urna.] 1. A kind of vase, of a roundish form, 
largest in the middle, used as an ornament. 2. A vessel 
for water. 3. A vessel in wliich the ashes of the dead 
were formerly ke; t. 4. A Roman measure for liquids, 
containing about three gallons and a half, wine meas- 
ure. 

URN, V. t. To inclose in an urn. May. 

U-ROS'GO-PY, 71. [Gr. oupov and o-Tcrrrrw.] Inspection of 

urine. Brown. 

UR'RV', n. A sort of blue or black clay, lying near a vein 
of coal. Mortimer. 

UR'SSA, n. [L.] The Bear, a constellation, the greater and 
lesser hear, near the north pole. 

UR'SI-FORM, a. [L. ursa, bear, and form.] In the shape 
of a bear. 

UR'SINE, a. [L. ursinus.] Pertaining to or resembling a 
bear. 

UR'SU-LINE, a. Denoting an order of nuns who observe 
the rule of St. Austin ; so called from their institutress, 
St. Ursula. Cyc. 

U'RUS, or DRE, n. [L. urus.] The wild bull. 

US, pron. objective case of we. 

U'SA-BLE, a. That may be used. 

U'SAGE, n. [Fr.] 1. Treatment; an action or series of 

actions performed by one person towards another, or 
which directly affect him. 2. Use, or long-continued use ; 
custom ; practice. 3. Manners ; behavior ; [oZ>5.] 

t U'SA-GER, n. [Fr.] One who has the use of any thing in 
trust for another. Daniel. 

U'SANCE, 77. [Fr.] 1 Use ; proper employment. 2. Usu- 
ry ; interest paid for money. — 3. In commerce, a determi- 
nate time fixed for the i)ayment of bills of exchange, reck- 
oned either from the day of their date, or the day of 
their acceptance. 

USE, 77. [L. usiLs ; It. uso', Fr. us, plu.] 1. The act of 
handling or employing in any manner, and for any pur- 
pose, but especially for a profitable purpose. 2. Employ- 
ment ; application of any thiiig to a purpose, good or bad. 

3. Usefulness ; utility ; advantage ; production of beriefit. 

4. Need of employment, or occaWn to employ. 5. Pow- 
er of receiving advantage ; [7/7m.'.'?iai.] 6. Continued prac- 
tice or employment. 7. Custom ; common occurrence ; 
[7t7iiiS7taL] 8. Interest ; the premium paid for the pos- 
session and employment of borrowed money. South. — 9. 
In law, the benefit or profit of lands and tenements . — Bi 
nse. 1. In employment. 2. In customary practice or ob- 
servance. 

USE, V. t. [Fr. user; \t. usare ; Sp. usar ; 'L. vtor, usus.] 

1. To empK)y ; to handle, hold, occupy or move for some 
purpose. 2. To waste, consume or exhaust by employ- 
ment. 3. To accustom ; to habituate ; to render familiar 
by practice. 4. To treat. 5. To practice customarily. — 
To use one^s self, to behave ; [o&s.] Shak. 

USE, v.i. I. To be accustomed ; to practice customarily. 

2. To be wont. 3. To frequent ; to innabit. 

USED, pp. Employed ; occupied ; treated. 

USETlJIi, a. Producing or having power to produce good ; 
beneficial ; profitable ; helpful towards advancing any 
purpose. 


USE'FIJL-LY, adv. In such a manner as to produce or ad* 
vance some end. 

USE'FUL-NESS, n. Conduciveness to some end, properly 
to some valuable end. 

USE'LESS, a. Having no use; unserviceable; producing 
no good end ; answering no valuable purpose ; not ad- 
vancing the end proposed. Gay. 

USE'LESS-LY, ado. In a useless manner ; without profit or 
advantage. Locke. 

USE'LESS-NESS, 77,. Unserviceableness; unfitness for any 
valuable purpose, or for the purpose intended. 

U.S'ER, 11 . One who uses, treats or occupies. 

USH'ER, 77. [Fr. huissier ; It. «;?cio.] 1. An officer whose 

business is to introduce strangers, or to walk before a per- 
son of rank. 2. An under-teacher or assistant to the pre- 
ceptor of a school. 

USII'ER, V. t. To introduce, as a forerunner or harbinger ; 
to forerun. Milton. 

USH'ERED, pp. Introduced. 

USH'ER-ING, ppr. Introducing, as a forerunner. 

* US'Q,UE-BAUGH, n. [Ir. uis^, water, and bagh, life.] 
A compound distilled spirit. From this word, by corrup- 
tion, we have whiskey. 

US'TION, n. [Fr. ustion ; L. ustio.] The act of burning ; 
the state of being burnt. 

US-To'RI-OUS, a. Having the quality of burning. 

US-TU-La'TION, 77. [L. ustulatus.] 1. The act of burn- 
ing or searing. — 2. In metallurgy, ustulation is the opera- 
tion of expelling one substance from another by heat. — 3. 
In pharmacy, the roastii>g or drying of moist substances so 
as to prepare them for pulverizing. 

US'U-AL, (yu'zhu-al) a. [Fr.usucl ; from use.] Customary ; 
common ; frequent ; such as occurs in ordinary practice, 
or in the ordinary course of events. 

US'U-AL-LY, (yu'zhu-al-ly) ado. Commonly; customarily ; 
ordinarily. 

US'U-AL-NESS, (yu'zhu-al-nes) n. Commonness ; fre- 
quency. 

U-SU-CAP'TION, 77. [L. usus and capio.] In the civil law, 
the same as prescription in the common law ; the acquisi- 
tion of the title or right to property by the uninterrupted 
and undisputed possession of it for a certain term prescrib- 
ed by law. 

U'SU-FRUCT, 77. [L. usus and fructus.] The temporary 
use and enjoyment of lands or tenements. 

U-SU-FRUCT'U-A-RY, n. A person who has the use and 
enjoyment of property for a time, without having the title 
or property. Johnson. 

US'URE, V. 7 . To practice usury. Shak. 

US'U-RER, ('yu'zhu-rer) n. 1. Formerly, a person who lent 
money and took interest for it. — 2. In present usage, one 
who le.ids money at a rate of interest beyond the rate es- 
tablished by law. 

U-?U'RI-OUS, 77. 1. Practicing usury; taking exorbitant 
interest for the use of money. 2. Partaking of usury ; 
containing usury. 

U-f?U'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In a usurious manner. 

U-Su'RI-OUS-NESS, 77. The state or quality of being usu- 
rious. 

U-SURP', V. t. [Fr usurper ; L. usurpo.] To seize and hold 
in possession by force or without right. 

U-SUR-Pa'TION, 77. The act of seizing or occupying and 
enjoying the property of another without right. 

U-?URP'ED, (yu-zurpt') pp. Seized or occupied and enjoy- 
ed by violence, or without right. 

U-SURP'ER, 77. One who seizes or occupies the property of 
another without right. Dryden. 

U-SURP'ING, ppr. Seizing or occupying the power or prop- 
erty of another without right. Pope. 

U-SURP'ING-LY, adv. By usurpation; without just right 
or claim. Shak. 

US'U-RY, (yu'zhu-ry) ii. [Fr. usure ; L. t7577r77.] 1. For- 

merly, interest ; or a premium paid or stipulated to be 
paid for the use of money. — 2. In present usage, illegal in- 
terest ; a premium or compensation paid, or stipulated to 
be paid, for the use of money borrowed, beyond the rate of 
interest established by law. 3. The practice of taking 
interest ; [oA.‘>\] 

U'TAS. See Uxis. 

^ U-TEN'SIL, 77 . [Fr. utensile.] An instrument ; that 
which is used ; particularly , an instrument or vessel used 
in a kitchen, or in domestic and farming business. 

U'TER-INE, a. [Fr. uterin; L. uterinus.] Pertaining to 
the womb. — Uterine brother or sister is one born of the 
same mother, but by a different father. 

U-TE-RO-GES-Ta'TION, 77. Gestation in the womb from 
conception to birth. Pritchard. 

U'TE-RUS, 77. [L.] The womb. 

U-TIL'I-TY, 77 . [Fr. utilitc ; L. utilitas.] Usefulness ; 
production of good ; profitableness to some valuable end. 

U'TIL-TZE, V. t. [It. utilizzare ; Sp. utilizar.] To gain ; to 
acquire. \^Rare.] .Tourn. of Science. 

tU'TIS, 77. Bustle; stir. Shak. 

UT'MoST, a. [Sax. utmeest, utmest.] 1. Extreme; being 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FUR, FALL, WHAT ;— PRgY ;— PIN, MARINE, BiRD;— f Obsolete. 


VAG 


VAC 897 


at the furthest point or extremity. 2. Being in the great- 
est or highest degree. 

UT'MoST, ??. The most that can be 3 the greatest power, 
degree or effort. Shak. 

U-To'PI-AN, a. [from More’s Utopia.] Ideal j chimerical ; 
fanciful ; not well founded. 

U*TRI-€)LE, n. [L. utriculus.] 1. A little bag or bladder j 
a little cell ; a reservoir in plants to receive the sap. 2. A 
capsule of one cell, and containing a solitary seed. 

U-TRI6'[J-LAR, a. Containing utricles; furnished with 
glandular vessels like small bags ; as plants. Lee. 

UT'TER, a. [Sax.; that is, outer.] 1. Situated on the out- 
side, or remote from the centre. 2. Placed or being beyond 
any compass ; out of any place. 3. Extreme ; excessive ; 
utmost. 4. Complete ; total ; final. 5. Peremptory ; ab- 
solute. 6. Perfect ; mere ; quite. 

UT'TER, V. t. 1. To speak ; to pronounce ; to express. 2. 
To disclose ; to discover ; to divulge ; to publish. — 3. In 
the law style^ to sell ; to vend. 4. To put or send into 
circulation; to put off, as currency, or cause to pass in 
commerce. 

UT'TER- A-BLE, a. That may be uttered, pronounced or 
expressed. 

UT'TER-ANCE, 71. 1. The act of uttering words ; pronun- 
ciation; manner of speaking. 2. Emission from the 
mouth ; vocal expression. 3. [Fx. outrance.] Extremity; 
furthest part ; [obs.] 


UT'TERED, pp. Spoken ; pronounced ; disclosed ; publish- 
ed ; put into circulation. 

UT'TER-ER, 71. 1. One who utters ; one who pronounces. 
2. One who divulges or discloses. 3. One who puts into 
circulation. 4. A seller ; a vender. 

UT'TER-ING,ppr. Pronouncing; disclosing; putting into 
circulation ; selling. 

UT'TER-LY, adr. To the full extent; fully; perfectly: 
totally. 

UT'TER-MoST, a. [wtieT* and 7nost.] Extreme; being in 
the furthest, greatest or highest degree. 

UT'TER-MoST, n. The greatest. — To the uttermost^ in the 
most extensive degree ; fully. 

U'TI-LE, 71. Something useful, as opposed to something 
ornamental. 

[U'TiLE, a. Profitable ; useful. 

U'VE-OUS, a. [L. uva.] Resembling a grape. Ray. 

U'VU-LA, 77. [L.] A soft, round, spungy body, suspended 
from the palate near the foramina of the nostrils, over the 
glottis. 

UX-o'RI-OUS, a. [L. uxorius.] Submissively fond of a 
wife. Bacon. 

UX-o'Rl-OUS-LY, adv. With fond or servile submission to 
a wife. Lh'yden. 

UX-6'RI-OUS-NESS, 71. Connubial dotage; foolish fond- 
ness for a wife. More. 


V. 


y is the twenty-second letter of the English Alphabet, 
and a labial articulation, formed by the junction of the 
upper teeth with the lower lip, as in pronouncing av, ey, 
ov, vain. It is not a close articulation, but one that admits 
of some sound. It is nearly allied to/, being formed by 
the same organs ; but v is vocal, and / is aspirate, and this 
constitutes the principal difference between them. Fand 
u were formerly the same letter, derived, no doubt, from 
the oriental vau or team ; but they have now as distinct 
uses as any two letters in the alphabet, and are therefore 
to be considered as different letters. V has one sound 
only, as in very^ vote^ lavish. 

As a numeral, V stands for 5. With a dash over it, in old 
books, V, it stands for 5000. 

Va'€AX-C Y, 71. [L. vacans ; Fr. vacance ; It. vacanta ; Sp. 
vacancia.] 1. Empty space ; vacuity. 2. Chasm ; void 
space between bodies or objects. 3. The state of being 
destitute of an incumbent ; want of the regular officer to 
officiate in a place. 4. Time of leisure ; freedom from 
employment ; intermission of business. 5. Listlessness ; 
emptiness of thought. 6. A place or office not occupied, 
or destitute of a person to fill it ; as, a vacancy in a 
school. 

Va'CANT, a. [Fr.; from L. vacans.] 1. Empty ; not filled ; 
void of every substance except air. 2. Empty ; exhausted 
of air. 3. Free ; unencumbered ; unengaged with business 
or care. 4. Not filled or occupied with an incumbent or pos- 
sessor. 5. Being unoccupied with business. 6. Empty 
of thought; thoughtless; not occupied with study or re- 
flection. 7. Indicating want of thought. — 8. In law, 
abandoned ; having no heir. 

Va'CATE, V. t. 1. To annul ; to make void ; to make of 
no authority or validity. 2. To make vacant ; to quit 
possession and leave destitute. 3. To defeat ; to put an 
end to ; [tintisual.] 

Va'CA-TED, pp. Annulled; made void ; made vacant. 
Va'GA-TING, ppr. Making void ; making vacant. 
VA-€a'TION, 77. [Fr. ; L. vacatio.] 1. The act of making 
void, vacant, or of no validity. Intermission of judi- 
cial proceedings ; the space of time between the end of 
one term and the beginning of the next ; non-term. 3. 
The intermission of the regular studies and exercises of a 
college or other seminary, when the students have a re- 
cess. 4. Intermission of a stated employment. 5. The 
time when a see or other spiritual dignity is vacant. 6. 
Leisure ; freedom from trouble or perplexity ; [little 7ised.] 
VAG'€A-RY, 77. [L. vacca.] An old word signifying a 
cow-house, dairy-house, or a cow-pasture. Bailey. 
VAC'IL-LAN-CY, 71. [L. vacillans.] A state of waver- 
ing ; fluctuation ; inconstancy. More. 

VAC'IL-LANT, a. Wavering ; fluctuating ; unsteady. 
VAC'IL-LATE, y. 7. [~L. vacillo.] 1 . To waver ; to move 
one way and the other ; to reel or stagger. 2. To fluctu- 
ate in mind or opinion ; to waver ; to be unsteady or in- 
constant. 

\ AC'IL-LA-TING,pp7*. 1. Wavering ; reeling ; fluctuating. 

2. a. Unsteady ; inclined to fluctuate. 

VAC-IL-La'TION, 77. [Fr.-, 'L.vacillatio.] 1. A wavering ; 
a moving one way and the other ; a reeling or staggering. 


2. Fluctuation of mind ; unsteadiness ; change from one 
object to another. 

VAC'CIN-ATE, y. t. [L. vacca, a cow.] To inoculate with 
the cow-pox, or a virus originally taken from cows, called 
vaccine matter. 

VA€'CIN-A-TED, pp. Inoculated with the cow-pox. 

V AC'CIN- A-TING, 2?pr. Inoculating with the cow-pox. 

VAG-CIN-a'TION, 77. The act, art or practice of inocula- 
ting persons with the cow-pox. 

VAGUINE, a. [L. yacc777?75.] Pertaining to cows ; origin- 
ating with or derived from cows. 

t VAC'U-ATE, y. t. [L. vacuo.] To make void. Secular 
Priest exposed. 

VAG-U-a'TION, 77. [L. vacuo.] The act of emptying. 
[Little 7Lsed.] 

VAG'U-IST, 77. [from vacuum.] One who holds to the 
doctrine of a vacuum in nature, opposed to ^plenist. 

VA-Gu'I-TY, 71. [L. vac7dtas.] 1. Emptiness; a state of 
being unfilled. 2. Space unfilled or unoccupied, or occu- 
pied with an invisible fluid only. 3. Emptiness ; void. 
4. Inanity ; emptiness ; want of reality. 5. Vacuum, 
which see. 

VA€'U-OUS, a. Empty; unfilled; void. Milton. 

VA€'U-OUS-NESS, 77. I'he state of being empty. 

VA€'U-UM, 77. [L.] Space empty or devoid of all matter 
or body. 

t VADE, v._i. [L. vado.] To vanish ; to pass away. Wotton. 

Va-DE-Me'€UM, 77. [L. go with me.] A book or other 
thing that a person carries Avith him as a constant com- 
panion ; a manual. 

VAG'A-BOND, a. [L. yaaaZ)W7?7h75.] L Wandering; mov- 
ing from place to place without any settled habitation. 2. 
Wandering ; floating about without any certain direction ; 
driven to and fro. 

VAG'A-BOND, 7?. A vagrant ; one who wanders from town 
to town or place to place, having no certain dwelling, 
or not abiding in it. 

VAG'A-BOND-RY, 77. A state of tvandering in idleness. 

VA-Ga'RY, 77. [L. yaa7w.] A wandering of the thoughts ; 
a wild freak ; a whim ; a whimsical purpose. 

f VA-Ga'RY, y. i. [Old Fr. vagiLcr.] To wander ; to gad ; 
to range ; to roam ; to remove often from place to place. 
Cotgrave. 

t Va'GI-ENT, a. [L. vagiens.] Crying like a child. More. 

VAG'I-NAL, a. [L. vagina.] Pertaining to a sheath, or 
resembling a sheath. 

VAG'I-NANT, a. [L. vagina.] In botany, sheathing. 

VAG'I-NA-TED, <7. In botany, sheathed; invested by the 
tubular base of the leaf, as a stem. Martyn. 

VAG-I-NO-PEN'NOUS, a. [L. vagina and penna.] Hav- 
ing the wings covered with a hard case or sheath, as in- 
sects. 

Va'GOUS, ff. [L. vagus; Fr. vague.] Wandering; un- 
settled. [Little used.] Jl7jliffe. 

Va'GRAN-CY, 71. [from vagrant.] A state of wandering 
without a settled home. 

Va'GRANT, a. [L. vagor.] 1. Wandering from place to 
place without any settled habitation. 2. Wandering ; 
unsettled ; moving without any certain direction. 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, DoVE ;— BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. ] Obsolete. 

57 


VAL 


898 


VAN 


Va'GRANT, n. [Norm, vagarant.] An idle wanderer; a 
vagabond ; one who strolls from place to place ; a sturdy 
beggar; one who has no settled habitation, or who does 
not abide in it. 

VAGUE, (vag) a. [Fr.; L. vagus.] 1. Wandering ; vagrant ; 
vagabond; [o6s.J 2. Unsettled ; unfixed , undetermined; 
indefinite. 3. Proceeding from no known authority ; fly- 
ing ; uncertain. 

VAIJj, 71. [^Fr. voile ; It. velo ; Li. veluvi.] 1. Any kind of 
cloth which is used for intercepting the view and hiding 
something. 2. A piece of thiu cloth or silk stuff, used by 
females to hide their faces. 3. A cover , that wliich con- 
ceals.— 4. In botany, the membranous covering of the 
germen in the musci and hepaticce ; the calypter. 5. V ails, 
money given to servants. Dryden. 

VA IL, V. t. [L. vclo.] To cover , to hide from the sight. 

fVAfL, t;. t. [Fr. avalcr.] 1. I’o let fall. Carew. 2. To 
let fall ; to lower. 3. To let fall ; to sink. Shak. 

fVAlL, 7 ). i. To yield or recede; to give place ; to show 
respect by yielding. South, 

VAILED, pp. Covered ; concealed. 

t VAIL'ER, n. One who yields from respect. Overbury. 

V Alh'lSG, por. Covering ; hiding from the sight. 

VAIN, a. [Fr. vain; It. vano i L. vanus.] 1. Empty; 
worthless ; having no substance, value or importance. 2. 
Fruitless ; ineffectual. 3. Proud of petty things, or of 
trifling attainments ; elated with a high opinion of one’s 
own accomplishments, or with things more showy than 
valuable; conceited. 4. Empty; unreal. 5. Showy; 
ostentatious. 6. Light ; inconstant ; worthless. Prov. xii. 
7. Empty ; unsatisfied. 8. False ; deceitful ; not genuine ; 
spurious. James i. 9. Not effectual ; having no efficacy. 
— Ill vain, to no purpose ; without effect ; ineffectual. — To 
take the name of God in vain, to use the name of God with 
levity or profaneness. 

VAIN-GLo'Rl-OUS, a. [vain and glorious.] 1, Vain to 
excess of one’s own achievements ; elated beyond due 
measure ; boastful. 2. Boastful ; proceeding from vanity. 

VAIN-GLO'IU-OUS-LY, adv. With empty pride. Milton. 

VAIN-GLoUlY, n. [vain and glory.] Exclusive vanity 
excited by one’s own performances ; empty pride ; undue 
elation of mind. 

VAIN'LY, adv. 1. Without effect ; tono purpose ; ineffect- 
ually ; in vain. 2. Boastingly ; witli vaunting ; proudly ; 
arrogantly. 3. Idly ; foolishly. 

VAIN'NESS, n. 1. The state 'of being vain; inefficacy; 
ineftectualness. 2. Empty pride ; vanity. 

VAIR, n. In Ac7*a/rfr7/, a kind of fur or doubling, consisting 
of divers little pieces, argent and azure, resembling a bell- 
glass. 

VAIR, )a. In heraldry, charged with vair ; variegated 

VAIR'Y, \ with argent and azure colors, when the term 
is vairy proper ; and with other colcrs, when it is vair or 
vairy composed. Todd, 

VAPVODE, 71. [Sclav.] A prince of the Dacian provinces ; 
sometimes written waiwode, for this is the pronunciation. 

VAL'.ANCE, n. [qu. Fr. avalant, falling ; Norm, valaunt.] 
The fringes of drapery hanging round the tester and liead 
of a bed. Swift. 

VAL'ANCE, V. t. To decorate with hanging fringes. 

VALl;!, 77. [Fr. val ; It. railed L. vallis.] 1. A tract of 
low ground or of land between hills; a valley. [Vale is 
used in poetry, and valley in prose.] 2. A little trough or 
canal. 3. Vales, [arailc?,] money given to servants ; [?iof 
used in America.] 

VAL-E-Dl€'TION, 71. [L. valedico.] A farewell; a bid- 
ding farewell. 

VAL-E-DI€'TO-RY, a. Bidding farewell. 

VAL-E-DI€yTO-RY, n. An oration or address spoken at 
commencement, in American colleges, by a member of the 
class which receive the degree of bachelor of arts, and 
take their leave of college and of each other. 

VAL'EN-TINE, n. 1. A sweetheart or choice made on Val- 
entine’s day. 2. A letter sent by one young person to 
another on Valentine’s day. 

VA-Lk RI-AN, n. A plant of the genus valeriana. 

*VAL'ET, 7». [Fr.] 1. A waiting-servant ; a servant who 

attends on a gentleman’s person. — 2. In the 'manege, a kind 
of goad or stick armed with a point of iron. Cue. 

VAL-E-TU-DI-NA'RI-AN, or VAL-E-Tu'DI-NA-RA", a. 
[h. valetudiiiarius.] Sickly; weak; infirm; seeking to 
recov'er health. 

VA L-E-TU-DI-NA'RI-AN, | n. A person of a weak, infirm 

VAL-E-TO'DI-NA-RY, ^ or sickly constitution; one 
who is seeking to recover health. 

fVAL'lANCE, (val'yans) 71. Bravery; valor. Spenser. 

VAL'IAN'F, (val'yant) a. [F. vaillant.] 1. Primarily, 
strong; vigorous in body. 2. Brave ; courageous ; intrep- 
id in danger ; heroic. 3. Performed with valor ; bravely 
conducted ; heroic. 

VAL'I ANT-LY, adv. 1. Stoutly; vigorously; with per- 
sona! strength. 2. Courageously ; bravely ; heroically. 

VAL'I ANT-NESS, n. 1. Stoutness; strength. — 2. Most 
generally, valor ; bravery ; intrepidity in danger. 


VAL'ID, a. [Vr.validc ; L. validus.] 1. Having sufficient 
strength or force ; founded in truth ; sound ; just ; good ; 
that can be supported ; not weak or defective. 2. Having 
legal strength or force ; efficacious ; executed with the prop- 
er formalities ; that cannot be rightfully overthrown or set 
aside ; supportable by law or right. 3. Strong ; powerful ; 
[ois.] 

VA-LIDH-TY", n. [Fr. validitd.] 1. Strength or force to con- 
vince ; justness; soundness. 2. Legal strength or force ; 
that quality of a thing which renders it supportable in 
law or equity. 3. Value; [notinuse.'^ Shak. 

VAL'ID-LY, adv. In a valid manner ; m such a manner or 
degree as to make firm or to convince. 

VAL'ID-NESS, n. Validity , which see. 

VA-LiSE', n. [Fr.] A horseman’s case or portmanteau. 

VAL-LAN'CY, 71. [Irom valance.] A large wig that shades 
the face. Dryden. 

VAL-LA'TION, n. [L. vallatus.] An entrenchment. War- 
ton. 

VAL'LEY, n. ; pht. Valleys. [Fr. vallce ; L. raZh'^.] 1. A 
hollow or low tract of land between hills or mountains. 
2. A low, extended plain, usually alluvial, penetrated or 
washed by a river. — 3. In building, a gutter over the 
sleepers in the roof of a building. 

VAL'LUM, 77. [L.] A trench or wall. Warton. 

VAL'OR, n. [L. valor ; Fr. valeur.] Strength of mind in 
regard to danger ; that quality which enables a man to 
encounter danger with firmness ; personal bravery ; cour- 
age ; intrepidity ; prowess. 

AD VA-Lo'REM, in commerce, according to the value ; as, 
an ad valorem duty. 

VAL'OR-OUS, G. Brave; courageous; stout; intrepid. 

VAL'OR-OUS-LY, adv. In a brave manner ; heroically. 

VAL'U-A-BLE, a. [Fr. valable.] 1. Having value or worth ; 
having some good qualities which are useful and esteem- 
ed ; precious. 2. Worthy; estimable; deserving esteem. 

VAL'U-A-BLE-NESS, 77. Preciousness; worth. Johnson. 

VAIj-U-A'TION, 77. [from value.] 1. The act of estima- 
tiiig the value or worth ; the act of setting a price. 2. 
Apprizement. 3. Value set upon a thing; estimated 
worth. 

* VAL-U-A'TOR, 77. One wlio sets a value ; an apprizer. 

VAL'UE, (val'u) n. [Fr. valoir, valu ; It.valore ; Sp. valor.] 
1. Worth ; that property or those properties of a thing 
which render it useful or estimable ; or the degree of that 
property or of such properties. 2. Price ; the rate of 
worth set upon a commodity, or the amount for which a 
thing is sold. 3. \4'orth. 4. High rate. 5. Importance ; 
efficacy in producing eflects. 6. Import ; precise signifi- 
cation. 

VAL’UE, (val'u) v. t. 1. To estimate the worth of ; to rate 
at a certain price ; to apprize. 2. To rate at a high price ; 
to have in high esteem. 3. To esteem ; to hold in respect 
and estimation. 4. To take account of. 5. To reckon or 
estimate with respect to number or power. 6. To consid- 
er with respect to importance. 7. To raise to estimation ; 
[gZjs.] 8. To be worth ; [oZ;5.] 

VAL'UED, ;7;7. Estimated at a certain rate ; apprized; es- 
teemed. 

VAL'UE-IiESS, a. Being of no value ; having no worth. 

VAL'U-ER, 77. One who values; an apprizer; one who 
holds in esteem. 

VA L'U-ING, ppr. Setting a price on ; estimating the worth 
of ; esteeming. 

VALV'ATE, a. Having or resembling a valve. 

VALVE, (valv) n. [L. valvce.] 1. A folding door. 2. A 
lid or cover so formed as to open a communication in one 
direction, and close it in the other. — 3. In anatomy, a 
membranous partition within the cavity of a vessel, which 
opens to allow the passage of a fluid in one direction, and 
shuts to prevent its regurgitation. —4. In botany, the out- 
er coat, siiell or covering of a capsule or other pericarp. 
5. One of the pieces or divisions in bivalve and multivalve 
shells. 

VALVED, a. Having valves ; composed of valves. 

VALV'LET, or VALV'ULE, n. A little valve ; one of the 
pieces which compose the outer covering of a pericarp. 

VALV'U-LAR, a. Containing valves. Med. Diet. 

VAxMP, 77. [VV. gtram.] The upper-leather of a shoe. 

VAMP, V. t. To°piece an old thing with a new part ; to re- 
pair. SicijI. 

VAMPED, pp. Pieced ; repaired. 

VAI\IP'ER,72. One who pieces an old thing with something 
new. 

VAISIP'ING, ppr. Piecing with something new. 

VAMP'IRE, 77. [G. rG777p7/r.] 1. In an imaginary 

demon, wliich was fablea to suck the blood of persons 
during the night. — 2. In zoology, a species of large bat, 
the Vespertilio vampyrus of Linne, called also the ternate 
bat. 

VAN, 77. [Fr. arant, avanccr.] 1. The front of an armv ; 
or the front line or foremost division of a fleet, either in 
sailing or in battle. — 2. Among farmers, a fan for win- 
nowing grain ; [this, in ATeze England, is always pro- 


* See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PR£Y PLN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


899 


VAR 


VAP 


which see.] — 3. In minings the cleansing of 
ore or tin stuff by means of a shovel. 4. A wing with 
which the air is beaten. 

] VAN, V. t. [Fr. vanner.] To fan. See Fan. 
VAN-COUK'IEKS, 7 i. [Fr. avant-coureurs.] In armies, 
light-armed soldiers sent before armies to beat the road 
upon the approach of an enemy ; precursors. Cyc. 

VAN'DAL, n. [It signifies a wanderer.] A ferocious, cruel 
person. 

VAN-DALTC, a. Pertaining to the Vandals j ferocious j 
rude ; barbarous. 

VAxN'DAL-ISM, n. Ferocious cruelty; indiscriminate de- 
struction of lives and property. Ramsay. 

VAN-DyKE', n. A smull round handkerchief with a collar 
for the neck, worn by females. 

VANE, 71. [D. vaa//.] A plate placed on a spindle, at the 
top of a spire, for the purpose of showing by its turning 
and direction, which way the wind blows. 

VAN'-FOSS, 7 /. A ditch on the outside of the counterscarp. 

VANG, 77 . 1. The vaixgs of a ship are a sort of braces to 
steady the mizen-galf. 2. The thin membranous part or 
web of a feather. 

VAN'-GUARD, n. [ea 7 i and guard.'] The troops who 
march in front of an army ; the first line. 

VA-NIL'LA, 7 j. A genus of plants. Cyc. 

VAN'ISII, V. i. [L. vanesco ; Fr. evanouir.] 1. To disap- 
] pear ; to pass from a visible to an invisible state. 2 . I'o 
disappear ; to pass beyond the limit of vision. 3. To dis- 
appear ; to pass away ; to be annihilated or lost. 

VAN'iSHED, a. Having no perceptible existence. Pope, 
i VAN'ISII-ING, ppr. Disappearing ; passing from the sight 
or possession j departing forever. 

VAN'I-TY, 77 . [Fr. vanite ; L. vanitas.] 1. Emptiness ; 
want of substance to satisfy desire j uncertainty 5 inanity. 
2. Fruitless desire or endeavor. 3. Trifling labor that 
produces no good. 4. Emptiness; untruth. 5. Empty 
pleasure; vain pursuit ; idle show; unsubstantial enjoy- 
ment. 6. Ostentation ; arrogance. Raleigh. 7. Inflation 
of mind upon slight grounds ; empty pride, inspired by 
an overweening conceit of one’s personal attainments or 
decorations. 

VAiS'Q.UfSH, V. t. [Fr. vaincre ; L. vinco ,• It. vincere-, Sp. 
vincer.] 1. To conquer ; to overcome ; to subdue in battle ; 
as an enemy. 2. To defeat in any contest ; to refute in 
argument. 

VAN'UUISH, 77. A disease in sheep, in which they pine 
away. 

VAN'OUISH-A-BLE, a. That may be conquered. Gayton. 

VAN OUJSHED, pp. Overcome in battle ; subdued. 

VAN'Q,IJISH-ER, 77. A conqueror ; a victor. Milton. 

VAN<Q,HISII-ING, ppr. Conquering ; subduing ; defeating ; 
refuting. 

VAN'SiRE, 77 . In zoology, a species of weasel with short 
ears, found in Madagascar. Cyc. 

VaNT, r. 7 . [Fr. 7;a;iter.] To boast. See Vaunt. 

VANT'AGE, 77. [Sp. 7je/7tcrja.] 1. Gain; profit; [oft.?.] 2. 

Superiority ; state in which one has better means of action 
or defense than another; [used only in the compound 
vantnrre-ground.] 3. Opportunity; convenience; [ol/*'.] 

t VANT'AGE, V. t. To profit. 

VANT^^iGE-GROUND, 77. Superiority of state or place ; 
the place or condition which gives one an advantage over 
another. 

t VANT'BRASS, 77 . [Fr. avant-bra?.] Armor for the arm. 

VAP'ID, a. [L. vapidus.] 1. Having lost its life and spirit ; 
dead ; spiritless ; flat. 2. Dull ; unanimated. 

VAP'ID-NESS, 77. 1. The state of liaving lost its life or 
spirit; deadness; flatness. 2. Dullness; want of life or 
spirit. 

Va'POR, 77. [L., Sp. vapor ; Fr. vapeur ,* It. vapore.] 1. In a 
general sense, an invisible, elastic fluid, rendered aeriform 
by heat, and capable of being condensed, or brought back 
to the liquid or solid state, by cold. 2. A visible fluid 
floating in the atmosphere. 3. Substances resembling 
smoke, whicli sometimes fill the atmosphere, particularly 
in America during the autumn. 4. Wind; flatulence. 
5. iMental fume ; vain imagination ; unreal fancy. — 6. Va- 
pors, a disease of nervous debility, in which a variety of 
strange images float in the brain, or appear as if visible. 
7. Something unsubstantial, fleeting or transitory. James 
iv. 

Va'POR, v.i. [L. vaporo.] 1. To pass oft'in fumes or a moist, 
floating substance ; to steam ; to be exhaled ; to evaporate. 
2. To emit fumes ; [1. 77.] 3. To bully ; to boast or vaunt 
with a vain, ostentatious display of worth ; to brag. 

Va'POR, V. t. To emit, cast off or scatter in fumes or steam. 

VAP-O-RA-BIL'l-TY, n. The quality of being capable of 
vaporization. Dispensatory. 

VAP O-RA-BLE, a. Capable of being converted into vapor 
by the agency of caloric. 

VAP'O-RATE^I V. i. To emit vapor. See Evaporate. 

VAP-O-Ra'TION, 77. [L. vapora.tio.] The act or process of 
converting into vapor, or of passing otf in vapor. 

Va'POR-BATH, 77 . 1. The application of vapor to the body 


In a close place. — ^2. In chemistry, an apparatus for beating 
bodies by the fumes of hot water. Cyc. 

VaTORED, a. ]. Moist; wet with vapors. 2. Splenetic: 
peevish. Green. 

V aTOIv-ER, 77. A boaster ; one who makes a vaunting 
display of his prowess or worth ; a braggart. 

VAP-O-RIF'IC, a. [L. vapor and facio.] Forming into va- 
por ; converting into steam, or expelling in a volatile 
form, as fluids. 

Va'POR-ING, jtpr. Boasting; vaunting ostentatiously and 
vainly. 

VaTOR-ING-LY, adv. In a boasting manner. 

Va'POR-ISH, a. 1. Full of vapors. 2. Hypochondriac; 
splenetic ; affected by hysterics. 

VAP-0-R1-Za'T10N, 77. The artificial formation cf vapor. 

VAP'OR-iZE, 7J. t. To convert into vapor by the applica- 
tion of heat or artificial means. 

VAP^OR-IZE, V. i. To pass off in vapor. 

VAP OR-IZED, p/7. Expelled in vapor. 

VAP'OR-IZ-IISG, ppr. Converting into vapor. 

Va'POR-OUS, a. [Fr. vaporcux.] 1. Full of vapors or ex- 
halations. 2. Vain; unreal; proceeding from the vapors. 
3. Windy; flatulent. 

Va'POR-OUS-NESS, 77. State of being full of vapors. 

Va'POR-Y, a. 1. Vaporous; full of vapors. Thomson. 2. 
Hypochondriac ; splenetic ; peevish. Thomson. 

I VAP-U-La'TION, n. [C. vapulo.] The act of beating or 
whipping. 

t VARE, 77. [Sp. vara.] A wand or staff of justice. 

VAR'EC, 77. I'lie French name for kelp or incinerated sea- 
weed ; wrack. Ure. 

Va'RJ, 77. In zoology, a species of quadruped. 

VA'RI-A-BLE, a. [F»-. See Vary.] 1. Ihat may vary or 
alter ; capable of alteration in any manner ; changeable. 
2. Susceptible of change ; liable to change ; mutable ; 
fickle; unsteady; inconstant. — 3. In 7?7at/7e//7a£7C6', subject 
to continual increase or decrease. 

Va^RI-A-BLE, 77. In mathematics, a quantity which is in a 
state of continual increase or decrease. 

Va'R[-A-BLE-NESS, 77. 1. Susceptibility of change; lia- 
bleness or aptness to alter ; changeableness. 2. Incon- 
stancy ; fickleness; unsteadiness; levity. 

Va'R1-A-BLY, adv. Changeably ; with alteration ; in an 
inconstant or fickle manner. 

Va'RI-ANCE, 77. 1. In law, an alteration of something 
formerly laid in a writ ; or a difference between a decla^ 
ration and a writ, or the deed on which it is grounded. 
2. Any alteration or change of condition. 3. Difference 
that produces dispute or controversy ; disagreement; dis- 
sension ; discord. — Jit variance. 1. In disagreement ; in a 
state of difference. 2. In a state cf dissension or of en- 
mity. 

Va'RI-ATE, V. t. 1. To alter; to make different. King. 
2. To vary ; [a bad loord.] 

VA-RI-a'TION, 77. [Fr. ; L. variatio.] 1. Alteration ; a par- 
tial change in the form, position, state or qualities of the 
same thing. 2. Difference ; change from one to another. 
— 3. In grammar, change cf termination of nouns and 
adjectives, constituting what is called case, number tnid 
gender. 4. Deviation. — .5. In astronomy, the variation 
of the moon is the third inequality in lier motion ; by 
which, when out of the quadratures, her true place differs 
from her place twice equated. — (5. In geography and nav- 
igation, the deviation of the magnetic needle from the 
true north point; called also 7Zech?7a£7077. — 7. In 7777757 c, the 
difierent manner of singing or playing the same ay* or 
tune, by subdividing the notes into several others of les.s 
value, or by adding graces, yet so that the tune itself may 
be discovered through all its embellishments. 

V AR'I-GO-CkLE, 77. [ L. i'arir, and Gr. fcy'Xrj.] In surgery, n 
varicous enlargement of the veins of the spermatic cord ; 
or, more generally, a like enlargement of the veins of the 
sciotum- 

V ART COSE, I a. [L. vajicosus.] 1. Preternaturally en- 

VAR'I-€OUS, ) larged, or permanently dilated, as a vein. 
2. Swelled ; puffy ; as an ulcer on the legs of beasts. Cyc. 

VA‘lllFD,pp.of vary. Altered ; partially changed ; changed. 

Va'RI-E-GATE, v. t. [It. varieggiarc •, F.var'io, varius.] 
To diversify in external appearance ; to mark with differ- 
ent colors. 

Va'RI-E-Gx\-TED, pp. Diversified in colors or external ap 
pearance. 

VaTH-E-G A-TING, ppr. Diversifying with colors. 

VA-RI-E-Ga'TION, 77. The act of diversifying, or state of 
being diversified by different colors ; diversity of colors. 

VA-RT'E-TY, 77. [Fr. varicte ; F. varietas.] 1. Intermixture 
of different things, or of things different in form ; or a suc- 
cession of different things. 2. One thing of many which 
constitute variety. 3. Difference ; dissimilitude. 4. Va- 
riation ; deviation ; change from a former state ; [7. u.' 
5. Many and different kinds. — 6. In natural history, h 
difference not permanent or invariable, but occasioned by 
an accidental change. 7. Different sort. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE ByLL, UNITE.— € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f ObsoleU. 


VAS 


9U0 


Va^RI-O-LITE, n. [L. varius, and Gr. Xt0o?.] In mineralo- 
gy, a kind of porphyritic rock. 

Va'RI-O-LOID, n. [L. variolce, and Gr. tihog, form.] The 
name recently given to a disease resembling the small- 
pox. 

Va'RI-O-LOUS, a. [L. variMce, from vario.'] Pertaining to 
or designating the small pox. 

Va'RI-OUS, a. [L. 1. Different; several; mani- 

fold. 2. Changeable ; uncertain ; unfixed. 3. Unlike 
each other; diverse. 4. Variegated; diversified. 

Va'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In different ways; with change; 
with diversity. 

Va'RIX, n. [L.] 1. An uneven swelling of a dilated vein. 
— 2. In beasts, n sort of puffy dilatation or enlargement in 
some part of a vein, forming a kind of knot. Cyc. 

VAR'LET, n. [Old Fr. See Valet.] 1. Anciently, a serv- 
ant or footman. Tusser. 2. A scoundrel ; a rascal. 

t VaR'LET-RY, 71. The rabble ; the crowd. Shak. 

V^AR'NISH, n. [Fr. vernis ; Sp. barniz ; Port, verniz; It. 
vernice.'\ 1. A thick, viscid, glossy liquid, laid on work 
by painters and others, to give it a smooth, hard surface 
and a beautiful gloss. 2. An artificial covering to give a 
fair appearance to any act or conduct. 

VAR'NISH, V. t. [Fr. vernisser, vernir.'\ 1. To lay varnish 
on ; to cover with a liquid, for giving any thing a glossy 
surface. 2. To cover with something that gives a fair 
external appearance. 3. To give a fair external appear- 
ance in words ; to give a fair coloring to. 

VAR'NISHED, 1. Covered with varnish ; made glossy. 

2. Rendered fair in external appearance. 

VAR'NISH-ER, n. 1. One who varnishes, or whose occu- 
pation is to varnish. 2. One who disguises or palliates ; 
one who gives a fair external appearance. Pope. 

VAR'NiSH-lNG, ppr. Laying on varnish; giving a fair 
external appearance. 

VAR'iVISH-TREE, n. The rhus verniz, poison ash, or poi- 
son oak. Lee. 

VAR'VELS, or VER'VELS, n. [Fr. vervel.] Silver rings 
about the legs of a hawk, on which the owner’s name is 
engraved. 

VARY, V. t. [L. vario ; Fr. vaner ; Sp. variar ; It. vat'iare.] 

1. To alter in form, appearance, substance or position ; 
to make different by a partial change. 2. To change to 
something else. 3. To make of different kinds. 4. To 
diversify ; to variegate. 

Va'RY, y. i. 1. To alter or be altered in any manner; to 
suffer a partial change. 2. To be changeable ; to alter. 

3. To differ or be different ; to be unlike. 4. To be 
changed ; to become different. 5. To become unlike 
one’s self ; to alter. 6. To deviate; to depart. 7. To al- 
ter or change in succession. 8. To disagree to be at va- 
riance. 

t VA R Y, n. Alteration ; change. Shak. 

VA'RY-ING, Altering; changing; deviating. 

VAS'GU-LAR, a. [L. vasculum, a vessel, from vas.] 1. 
Pertaining to the vessels of animal or vegetable bodies. 

2. Full of vessels ; consisting of animal or vegetable ves- 
sels, as arteries, veins, &c. 

VAS-CU-LAR'I-TY, n. The state of being vascular. 

VAS-CU-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. vasculum and /ero.] P~ascu- 
liferous plants are such as have seed-vessels divided into 
cells. Cyc. 

VASE, 71. [Fr., from L. vas, vasa ; It. ya^o.] 1. A vessel 
for domestic use, or for use in temples. 2. An ancient 
vessel dug out of the ground or from rubbish, and kept as 
a curiosity. — 3. In architecture, an ornament of sculpture, 
placed on socles or pedestals, representing one of the ves- 
sels of the ancients, as incense-pots, flower-pots, &c. 4. 

The body of the Corinthian and Composite capital ; called 
also the tarnbor or drum. 5. Among florists, the calyx of a 
plant, as of a tulip. — 6. Among goldsmiths, the middle of 
a church candlestick. 7. A solid piece of ornamental 
marble. 

VAS'SAL, 71. [Fr. 7)assal ; It. vassallo ; Sp. vasallo.1 1. A 
feudatory ; a tenant ; one who holds land of a superior, 
and who vows fidelity and homage to him. 2. A sub- 
ject ; a dependant. 3. A servant. — 4. In common lan- 
guage, a bondman ; a political slave. 

VAS'SAL, V. t. To subject to control ; to enslave. 

VAS 'SAL-AGE, n. [Fr. vasselage ; Sp. vasalage.^ 1. The 
state of being a vassal or feudatory. 2. Political servi- 
tude ; dependence ; subjection ; slavery. 

VAS'SALED, pp. or a. Enslav’^ed ; subjected to absolute 
power ; as, a vassaled land. Trumbull. 

VAST, a. [Ij. yaft’tu.9 Yx.vaste', It. ycrsto.] 1. Being of great 
extent ; very spacious or large. 2. Huge in bulk and ex- 
tent ; as, the vast mountains of Asia. 3. Very great in 
numbers or amount. 4. Very great in force ; mighty. 5. 
Very great in importance. 

VAST, 77. An empty waste. Milton. 

VAS-TA'TIOX, 77. [L. vastatio.'] A laying waste; waste; 
depopulation. \^Devastation is generally used.] 

VAS-TID'I-TY, 77. Vastness; immensity. {^Mot English.'] 
Shak. 


VeE 

VAST^LY, adv. Very greatly ; to a grTat extent ui 

VAST'NESS, 77. 1. Great extent; immensity. 2. Immense 
bulk and extent. 3. Immense magnitude or amount. 4. 
Immense importance. 

VAST'Y, a. Being of a great extent ; very spacious. [Z,. 77.] 

VAT, 77. [D. vat; Sax. /at; G.fass.] 1. A large vessel or 
cistern for holding liquors in an immature state. 2. A 
square box or cistern in which hides are laid for steeping I 
in tan. 3. An oil measure in Holland ; a wine measure. J* 

4. A square, hollow place on the back of a calcining furn- 
ace, where tin ore is laid to dry. 

VAT^I-CAN, 77. In Rome, the celebrated church of St. 
Peter ; and also a magnificent palace of the pope ; situa- 
ted at the foot of one of the seven hills on which Rome 
was built. 

VAT'I-CiDE, 77. [L. vates and cmdo.] The murderer of a 
prophet. Pope. 

VA-TICT-NAL, a. [L. vaticinor.] Containing prophecy. 
TVarton. 

VA-TIC'IN-ATE, 77. 7. [h. vaticinor.] To prophesy; to fore- 
tell ; to practice prediction. [Little used.] Howell. 

VAT-I-CI-Na'TION, 77. Prediction; prophecy. Bentley. 

VAU'DE-VIL, (v6'de-vil) n. [Fr. vaudeville.] A song com- 
mon among the vulgar, and sung about the streets. A 
ballad ; a trivial strain. 

* VAULT, 77. [Fr. voiitc ; It. volta.] 1. A continued arch, 
or an arched roof. — Vaults are of various kinds, circular, 
elliptical, single, double, cross, diagonal. Gothic, &.c. 2. 

A cellar. 3. A cave or cavern. 4. A repository for the 
dead. — 5. In the manege, the leap of a horse. 

* VAULT, V. t. To arch ; to form with a vault ; or to cover 
with a vault. 

VAULT, V. i. [Sp. voltear ; It. voltare ; Fr. vautrer.] 1. To 
leap; to bound; to jump; to spring. 2. To tumble; to 
exhibit feats of tumbling or leaping. 

f VAULT'AGE, 77. Vaulted work ; an arched cellar. 

VaULT'ED, pp. I. Arched ; concave. 2. Covered with an 
arch or vault. — 3. a. In botany, arched like the roof of the 
mouth, as the upper lip of many ringent flowers. 

VAULT'ER, 77. One that vaults; a leaper; a tumbler. 

VAULT'ING, ppr. 1. Arching; covering with an arch. 

2. Leaping; tumbling; exhibiting feats of leaping. 

fVAULT'Y, a. Arched; concave. Shak. 

* VAUNT, V. i. [Fr. ranter : It. vantarsi.] To boast ; to make 
a vain display of one’s own worth, attainments or decora- 
tions ; to talk with vain ostentation ; to brag. 

* VAUNT, V. t. To boast of ; to make a vain display of. 

* VAUNT, 77. Boast ; a vain display of what one is or has, or 
has done ; ostentation from vanity. Milton. 

t VAUNT, 77. [Fr. aoant.] The first part. Shak. 

VAUNT-COU'RIeR, 77. [See * Vancouuiers.] [Fr. 
avant-courcur.] A precursor. Shak. 

* VAUNT'ED, ;>p. Vainly boasted of or displayed. 

* VAUNT'ER, 77. A vain, conceited boaster ; a braggart ; a 
man given to vain ostentation. Spenser. 

VAUNT'FUL, a. Boastful; vainly ostentatious. 
VAUNT'ING,ppr. Vainly boasting ; ostentatiously setting 
forth what one is or has. 

* VAUNTMNG-LY, ad7L Boastfully; with vain ostentation. 

VAUNT'-MURE, 77. [Fr. avant-mur.] A false wall ; a work 

raised in front of the main wall. Camden. 

VAV^A-SOR, 77. [This word in old books is variously writ- 
ten, valvasor, vavasour, valvasour.] Camden holds that the 
vavasor was next below a baron. 

VAV'A-SO-RY, 77. The quality or tenure of the fee held by 
a vavasor. Cyc. 

t Va'WARD, 77. [ 7;a77 and ward.] The fore part. Shak. 

VeAL, 77. [Fr. 7;ca77.] The flesh of a calf killed for the ta- 
ble. 

t VECK, 77. [It. vecchia ; L. vetula.] An old woman. Chau- 

CO* • 

fVEC^TION, n. [L. vectio.] The act of carrying, or state 
of being carried. 

t VE€-TI-Ta'TION, 77. [L. vectito.] A carrying. Arbuth- 

7 i 0 t. 

VEC'TOR, 77. [L.] In astronomy, a line supposed to be 
drawn from any planet moving round a centre or the fo- 
cus of an ellipsis, to that centre or focus. 

VECT'URE, 77. [L. vectara.] A carrying ; carriage ; con- 
veyance by carrying. [Little used.] Bacon. 

VE-DA', (ve-daw') n. The name of the collective body of 
the Hindoo sacred writings. The word is sometimes 
written vedam. Sir TV. Jones. 

VE-DET', ) 77. [Fr. vedette ; It. vedetta.] A sentinel on 

VE-DETTE', \ horseback. 

VEER, V. i. [Fr. virer ; Sp. birar ; D. vieren.] To turn ; to 
change direction. — To veer and haul, as wind, to alter its 
direction. 

VEER, V. t. To turn ; to direct to a different course. — To 
veer cut, to suffer to run or to let out to a greater length. 

— To veer away, to let out ; to slacken and let run.— Tt> 
veer and haul, to pull tight and slacken alternately. Mar. 
Diet. 

t VEER'A-BLE, a. Changeable; shifting. Randolph. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, Zo77^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


VEL 


901 


VEN 


VEER^.D, pp. Turned; changed in direction ; let out. 

VEER'ING, ppr. Turning ; letting out to a greater length. 

VEG-E-TA-BIL'I-TY, 71. [from vegetable.] Vegetable na- 
ture ; the quality of growth without sensation. Bro^on. 

VEG'E-TA-BLE, 71. [Er.] 1. A plant; an organized body 
destitute of sense and voluntary motion, deriving its 
nourishment through porfts or vessels on its outer surface, 
in most instances adhering to some other body, as the earth, 
and, in general, propagating itself by seeds. — 2. In a more 
limited sense., vegetables are such plants as are used for 
culinary purposes, and cultivated in gardens, or are des- 
tined for feeding cattle and sheep. 

VEG'E-TA-BLE, a. 1. Belonging to plants. 2. Consisting 
of plants. 3. Having the nature of plants. 

t VEG'E-TAL, 71. A vegetable. B. Junson. 

VEG' E-TATE, 77.7. [L. vegeto ; Fr. vegeter.] To sprout; to 
gertninate ; to grow, as plants ; to grow and be enlarged 
by nutriment imbibed from the earth, air or water, by 
means of roots and leaves. 

VEG'E-T A-TING, /jpr. Germinating; sprouting; growing. 

VEG-E-Ta'TION, 77. [Fr.] 1. The process of growing, as 
plants, by means of nourishment derived from the earth, 
or from water and air, and received through roots and 
leaves. 2. Vegetables or plants in general. 

VEG'E-TA-TIVE, a. [Fr. vegetatif.] 1. Growing, as plants. 
2. Having the power to produce growth in plants. 

VEG'E-TA-TIVE-]SESS, 77. The quality of producing 
growth. 

vegetus.] Vigorous ; active. [L. 77.] 

VEG^E-TiVE, a. [1j. vegeto, vigeo.] Vegetable; having the 
nature of plants ; as, vegctioe life. [Little tLsed.] Tusser. 

t VEG'E-TiV'^E, 77. A vegetable. Sandys. 

VEG'E-TO-AN'I-MAL, a. Vegeto-animal matter is a term 
forinejrly applied to vegetable gluten. 

t VE-Ge'TOUS, a. Vigorous; lively; vegete. B. Jon son. 

VE'HE-MENCE, ) 77. [Fr. vehemence; L. vehemcns.] 1. 

Ve'IIE-MEN-CY, I Violence ; great force ; properly, force 
derived froni velocity. 2. Violent ardor ; great heat; ani- 
mated fervor. 

VE'flE-iMENT, a. [Fr. ; L. vehemens.] 1. Violent; acting 
with great force ; furious; very forcible. 2. Very ardent; 
very eager or urgent ; very fervent. 

Ve'HE-MENT-LY, adv. 1. With great force and violence. 
2. Urgently ; forcibly ; with great zeal or pathos. 

VEdll-GLE, 77. [Fr. ?;c/77C77/e ,• L. vehicnlum.] 1. That in 
which any thing is or may be carried ; any kind of car- 
riage moving on land, either on wheels or runners. 2. 
That which is used as the instrument of conveyance. 

Ve'HI-GLED, a. Conveyed in a vehicle. Green. 

VEIL, n. [L. velnm.] 1. A cover ; a cuttain ; something to 
intercept the view and hide an object. 2. A cover ; a 
disguise ; see Vail. 

VEIL, V. t. 1. To cover with a veil ; to conceal. 2. To in- 
vest ; to cover. 3. To hide ; see Vail. 

VEIN, 77. [Fr. veine; L.vcna.] 1 . A vessel in animal bodies, 
which receives the blood from the extreme arteries, and 
returns it to the heart. 2. In plants, a tube, or an assem- 
blage of tubes, through which the sap is transmitted along 
the leaves. — 3. In geology, a fissure in rocks or strata, 
filled with a particular substance. 4. A streak or wave 
of different color, appearing in wood, marble, and other 
stones ; variegation. 5. A cavity or fissure in the earth 
or in other substance. 6. Tendency or turn of mind ; a 
particular disposition or cast of genius. 7. Current. 8. 
TTumor; particular temper. 9. Strain; quality. 

VEINED, a. 1. Full of veins; streaked ; variegated. — 2. In 
botany, having vessels branching over the surface, as a 
leaf. 

VEIN'LESS, a. In botany, having no veins. Barton. 

V£iIN*Y, a. Full of veins ; as, veiny marble. Thomson. 

VE-LIF'ER-OUS, a. [L. ^’eZM7?l and/e?’o.] Bearing or carry- 
ing sails. Evelyn. 

I VEL-I-Ta'TION, 77. [L. vclitatio.] A dispute or contest ; 
a slight skirmish. Burton. 

VELIi, 77. [qu. /e/Z, a skin.] A rennet bag. [Local.] 

VELL, V. t. To cut off the turf or sward of land. [Local.] 

VI'IL-Le I-TY, 77. [Fr. v elicit e ; L. velle.] A term by which 
the schools express the lowest degree of desire. 

VEIi'LET, and VEL'LUTE. See Velvet. 

VEL'LT-CATE, V. L [^j. vellico.] To twitch ; to stimulate ; 
applied to the muscles and fibres of animals ; to cause to 
twitch convulsively. Cyc. 

VEL'LI-€A-TED, pp. Twitched or caused to twitch. 

VEL'LI-C A-TING, ppr. Twitching; convulsing. 

VEL-LI-€a'TION, 77. 1. The act of twitching, or of caus- 
ing to twitch. 2. A twitching or convulsive motion of a 
muscular fibre. 

VEL'LUM, 77. [Fr. vclin ; D. vel.] A finer kind of parch- 
ment or skin, rendered clear and white for writing. 

VE-LOCT-TY, 7?.. [Fr. velocite ; L. velocitas.] 1. Swiftness ; 
celerity ; rapidity ; as, the velocity of wind. We apply 
celerity to animals ; as, a horse or an ostrich runs with 
celerity, and a stream runs with rapidity or velocity ; but 
bodies moving in the air or in ethereal space, move with 


greater or less velocity, not celerity. — 2. In philosophy, 
velocity is that affection of motion by which a body moves 
over a certain space in a certain time, 
f VEL'URE, 77. [Fr. velours.] Velvet. Shak. 

VEL' VET, 77. [it. velluto ; Sp. velludo.] A rich silk stuff, 
covered with a close, short, fine, soft shag or nap. 
VEL'VET, V. t. To paint velvet. Peacham. 

VEL'VET, I a. Made of velvet; or soft and delicate, 
VEL'VET-ED, ] like velvet. 

VEL-VE-TEEN', n. A kind of cloth made in imitation of 
velx'et. 

VEL'VET-ING, n. The fine shag of velvet. Cyc. 
VEL'VET-Y, a. Made of velvet, or like velvet; soft; 

smooth ; delicate. J\]ed. Repos. 

Ve'NAL, a. [L. venh.] Pertaining to a vein or to veins; 

contained in the veins ; as, venal blood. 

Ve'NAL, a. [L. TJcaaZL-.] 1. Mercenary; prostitute; that 
may be bought or obtained for money or other valuable 
consideration. 2. That may be sold ; set to sale. 3. Pur- 
chased. 

VE-NAL'I-TY, n. Mercenariness ; the state of being in- 
fluenced by money ; proatitution of talents, offices or 
services for money or reward. 

VEN'A-RY, a. [L. venor, to hunt.] Relating to hunting. 
VE-NATTC, ) a. [L. venaticus, from venor.] Lsed in 
VE-NAT'I-CAL, \ hunting. 

VE-Na'TION, 77. [L. 7;e77aZ7o.] 1. The act or practice of 
hunting. 2. The state of being hunted. 

VEND, V. t. [L. vendo ; Fr. vendre ; It. vendere ; Sp. ven- 
der.] To sell ; to transfer a thing and the exclusive right 
of possessing it, to another person for a pecuniary equiva- 
lent. Vending differs from barter. We vend for money ; 
we barter for commodities. 

VEND'ED, pp. Sold ; transferred for money, as goods. 
VEN-DEE', 77. The person to whom a thing is sold. 
VEND'ER, 77. [Fr. vendeur.] A seller ; one \/ho transfers 
the exclusive right of possessing a thing, either his own, 
or that of another as his agent. 

VEN-DI-BIL'I-TY, ) n. The state of being vendible or 
VEND'I-BLE-NESS, j salable. 

VEND'I-BLE, a. [L. vendibilis.] Salable ; that may be sold ; 

that can be sold ; as, vendible goods. 

VEND'I-BLE, 77. Something to be sold or offered for sale. 
VEND'I-BLY, ado. In a salable manner, 
t VEN-DI-Ta'TION, 77. [L. venditatio.] A boastful display. 
VEN-Dl"TION, 77. [Fr. ; L. venditio.] The act of selling ; 
sale. 

VEND'OR, 71. A vender ; a seller. 

VEN-DuE', 77. [Fr. vendu, sold.] Auction ; a public sale of 
any thing by outcry, to the highest bidder. 
VEN-DuE'-MAS'TER, 77. One who is authorized to make 
sale of any property to the highest bidder, by notification 
and public outcry ; an auctioneer. 

* VE-NEER', V. t. [G. furnieren.] To inlay ; to lay thin 
slices or leaves of fine wood of different kinds on a ground 
of common wood. 

* VE-NEER', 77. Thin slices of wood for inlaying. 

* VE-NEER'ED, ;7p. Inlaid; ornamented with marquetry. 
*VE-NEER'ING, ppr. Inlaying; adorning with inlaid work. 

* VE-NEER'ING, n. The act or art of inlaying. 

I VEN'E-FiCE, 77. [L. venejicium.] The practice of poison- 
ing. 

VExN-E-Fi"CIAL, 1 a. [L. vencficiiim.] Acting by poison ; 
VEN-E-Fi"CIOUS, i bewitching. [Little used.] 
VEN-E-Fl"CIOUS-LY, adv. By poison or witchcraft. [L. 77 .] 
VEN'EM-OUS. See Venomous. 

t VEN'EN-ATE, v.t. [L. veneno.] To poison; to infect 
with poison. Harvey. 

t VEN-E-Na'TION, n. 1. The act of poisoning. 2. Poison ; 


venom. 

IVE-NeNE', la. [Fr. veneneux.] Poisonous ; venom- 

t VE-Ne'NOSE, i ous. Harvey. 

t VEN-ER-A-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being venerable. 

VEN'ER-A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. venerabilis.] 1. Worthy of 
veneration or reverence ; deserving of honor and respect. 
2. Rendered sacred by religious associations, or being cflu- 
secrated to God and to his worship; to be regarded ivith 
awe and treated with reverence. 

VEN'ER-A-BLE-NESS, 71. The quality of beiny venera- 
ble. 

VEN'ER-A-BLY, ado. In a manner to excite reverence. 

VEN'ER-ATE, v. t. [Fr. venerer ; L. veneror.] To regard 
with respect and reverence ; to reverence ; to rev’ere. 

VEN'ER-A-TED,pp. Reverenced ; treated with honor and 


respect. 

VEN'ER-A-TING, ppr. Regarding with reverence. 
VEN-ER-a'TION, 77. [Fr. ; L. veneratio.] 1 he highest de- 
gree of respect cUid revereP’^^3 respect iiiiugled with some 

degree of awe. , ^ , 

vfN/FR-A-TOR 77 Qae who v'enerates and rev’erences. 

VE-Nf'RE-AL a. [Jj. venereus, from Venus.] 1. Pertain- 
ing to the plea^fires of sexual commerce. 2. Proceeding 
from sexual intercourse. 3. Adapted to the cure of the 
lues venerea. 4. Adapted to excite venereal desire; 


‘ See Synopsis, MOVE, BOOK, DoVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. j Obsolete. 


VEN 


9(TJ 


VER 


aphrodisiac , provocative. 5. Consisting of copper, called 
by chemists, formerly, Venus ; [ 065 .] 
t VE-Ne'RE-AN, a. Venereal. Howell. 

VE-Ne'RE-OUS, a. [L. venereus.] Lustful j libidinous, 
t VEN'ER-OUS, for venereous. 

VEN'ER-Y, 71. [from Venus.] The pleasures of the bed. 
VEN'ER-Y, n. [Fr. venerie ; L. venor.] The act or exercise 
of hunting ; the sports of the chase. 

VEN-E-SEC'TION, n. [L. vena, and sectio.] The act of 
opening a vein for letting blood j blood-letting ; phle- 
botomy. 


f VEN'EY, 71. [Fr. vencz, from venir.] A bout ; a thrust 5 a 
hit ; a turn at fencing. Shak. 

t VENCE, (venj) v.t. [Fr. ven(rc7\] To avenge j to punish, 
t VEN(jE'A-BLE, a. Revengeful. Spenser. 

VENGE'ANCE, 71. [Fr.] The infliction of pain on another, 
in return for an injury or offense. — With a vengeance, in 
familiar language, signifies with great violence or ve- 
hemence. 


V ENtJE'Fl/L, a. 1. Vindictive; retributive. 2. Revenge- 
ful. 

VENGE'MENT, 71 . Avengement ; ponal retribution, 
t VENO^ER, n. An avenger. Spenser. 
t Ve'NI-A-BLE, a. Venial ; pardonable. Brown. 
t Ve'NI-A-BLY, ado. Pardonably ; excusably. Brown. 
Ve'NI-AL, a. \ii. veniale S>p.ve7iial Yr.veniel.] 1. That 
may be forgiven ; pardonable ; as, a venial fault. — 2. In 
familiar language, excusable ; that may be allowed or 
permitted to pass without censure. 3. Allowed. 

V e'NI-AL-NESS, n. State of being excusable or pardonable. 
VE-NFRE Fa'C 1-AS, or VE-NI'RE, 77 . In law, a writ or 
precept directed to the sheriff, requiring him to summon 
twelve men, to try an issue between parties. 

* VEN'I-SON, (ven'e-zn, or ven'zn) ?j. [Yx. venaison j L. 
venatio.] The flesh of beasts of game, or of such wild 
animals as are taken in the chase. It is, however, in the 
United States, applied exclusively to tlie flesh of the deer. 
VEN'OjM, n. [Yx. venm •, It. veneno •, Y. venenum.] 1. Poi- 
son ; matter fatal or injurious to life. — Venom is generally 
used to express noxious matter that is applied externally, 
or that is discharged from animals, as that of bites and 
stings of serpents, scorpions, &c. ; and poisoji, to express 
substances taken into the stomach. 2. Spite ; malice. 
VEN'OM, v. t. To poison ; to infect with venom. 
VEN'OM-OUS, a. 1. Poisonous ; noxious to animal life. 

2. Noxious ; mischievous ; malignant. 3. Spiteful. 
VEN'OM-OUS-LY, adv. Poisonously ; malignantly. 
VEN'OIM-OUS-NESS, n. 1. Poisonousness ; noxiousness to 
animal life. 2. Malignity ; spitefulness. 

Ve'NOUS, a. [L. 7;e/iosMs.] 1. Pertaining to a vein or 
to veins ; contained in veins. — 2. In hotamj, veined. 
VENT, n. [Fr. vente ; Sp. 7>e7?ta.] 1. A small aperture ; a 
liole or passage for air or other fluid to escape. 2. The 
opening in a cannon or other piece of artillery, by which 
tire is communicated to the charge. 3. Passage from se- 
crecy to notice ; publication. 4. The act of opening. 5. 
Emission ; passage ; escape from confinement. 6. Dis- 
charge ; utterance ; means of discharge. 7. Sale. 8. 
Opportunity to sell ; demand. 9. An inn ; a baiting- 
place ; [yte.] — To give vent to, to sufler to escape ; to let 
out ; to pour forth. 

VENT, V. t. 1. To let out at a small aperture. 2. To let 
out ; to sufler to escape from confinement ; to utter ; to 
pour forth. 3. To utter ; to report ; [obs.] 4. To pub- 
lish ; [ 06 s.] 5. To sell ; [oZ»s.] 

t VENT, V. i. To snuiT. Spenser. 
t VENT^AOE, 71. A small hole. Shak. 

VENT'AIL, 71. [Fr.] That part of a helmet made to be 
lifted up ; the part intended for the admission of air, or 
for breathing. 

VEN-TAN'NA, n. [Sp. Tjerjtaaa.] A window. \JVot Eng- 
VEN-TAN'A, h's/i.] TJnjden. 

VENT'ER, n. One who utters, reports or publishes. 
VEN'TER, 71. [L.] 1 . In the abdomen, or lower 

belly. Pa)'r. 2. The womb; and hence, mother. 3. The 
belly of a muscle. 

VEj.T/TI-DU 0 T, n. [1 j. ventus ^nd dact7Ls ; It. veyitidotti.] 
In building, a passage for wind or air ; a subterraneous 
passage or spiracle for ventilating apartments. 
VEN'T1-L.\TE, V. t. [L. ventilo ; Fr. ventiler.] 1 . To fan 
with wind •, to open and expose to the free passage of air 
or Vvind. 2. q’o cause the air to pass through. 3. To 
winnow ; to fah. 4 . To examine ; to discuss ; that is, to 
agitate ; [oZis.] 

VEN'TI-LA-TED, pp. Exposed to the action of the air; 

fanned ; winnowed ; discussed. 

YEN'TI-LA-TING, ppr. Erposing to the action of wind ; 
fanning ; discussing. 

VEN-TI-IiA'TION, n. [Fr. ; E. uentilatio.] 1. The act of 
ventilating ; the act of exposing to the free passage of air. 
2. The act of fanning or winnowii.jt, for tlie purpose of 
separating chafiT and dust. 3. Vent ; utterance ; [o^is.] 4 . 
Refrigeration ; [oi-*'.] 

VEN'Tl-IiA-TOR, n. An instrument or machine for expel- 


ling foul or stagnant air from any close place rr apar 
inent, and introducing that whicli is fresh and pure. 

VEN-TOS'I-TY, 71. [Fr. ventosite ; from L. ventosus.] Wind- 
iness ; flatulence. Bacon. 

VEN'TRAL, a. [L. venter.] Belonging to the belly. 

VEN'TRI-0LE, 71 . [L. ventriculus.] In a general sense, a 
small cavity in an animal body. 

VEN'TRI-COUS, a. [L. ventrUosus.] In botany, bellied j 
distended ; swelling out in the middle. 

VEN-TRIC'U-LOUS, a. Somewhat distended in the middle. 

VEN-TRIL'O-aUiSM, or VEN-TRIL'O-aUY, 71 . [L. ven- 
ter and loquor.] The act of speaking in such a manner 
that the voice appears to come, not from the person, but 
from some distant place. 

VEN-TRIL'0-Q,UIST, n. One who speaks in such a man- 
ner that his voice appears to come from some distant 
place. 

VEN-TRIL'0-Q.UOUS, a. Speaking in such a manner as to 
make the sound appear to come from a place remote from 
the speaker. 

VENT'URE, n. [Fr. aventure ; It., Sp. ventura.] 1. A haz- 
ard ; an undertaking of chance or danger ; the risking of 
something upon an event which cannot be foreseen with 
tolerable certainty. 2. Chance ; hap ; contingency ; luck ; 
an event that is not or cannot be foreseen. 3. The thing 
put to hazard ; jjarticularhj, something sent to sea in 
trade. — M a venture, at hazard ; without seeing the end 
or mark. 

VENT'URE, V. i. 1. To dare ; to have courage or presump- 
tion to do, undertake or say. 2. To run a hazard or 
risk. — To ve7iture at, or to ve7iture on or upon, to dare to 
engage in ; to attempt without any certainty of success. 

VENT'URE, V. t. 1. To expose ; to hazard ; to risk. 2. 
To put or send on a venture or chance. 

VENT'URED, pp. Put to the hazard ; risked. 

VENT'UR-ER, 71. One who ventures or puts to hazards. 

VENT URE-SOME, a. Bold ; daring ; intrepid. 

VENT'URE-S6ME-LY, ado. In a bold, daring manner. 

VENT'UR-ING, ppr. Putting to hazard ; daring. 

VENT'UR-ING, 71. The act of putting to risk ; a hazarding. 

VENT'UR-OUS, a. Daring ; bold ; hardy ; fearless ; intrep- 
id ; adventurous. Milton. 

VENTTJR-OUS-LY, ado. Daringly ; fearlessly ; boldly. 

VENT'UR-OUS-NESS, n. Boldness ; hardiness ; fearless- 
ness; intrepidity. 

VEN'UE, or VISNE, n. [L. vicinia ; Norm, tiisne.] In law, 
a neighborhood or near place ; the place where an action 
is laid. 

VEN'UE, V. A thrust. See Veney. 

VEN'U-LITE, 71. A petrified shell of the genus Venus. 

Ve'NUS, 71. [L.] 1. In the goddess of beauty 

and love ; that is, beauty or love deified. — 2. In astrono- 
my, one of the inferior planets, whose orbit is between the 
earth and Mercury ; a star of brilliant splendor. — 3. In the 
M chemistry, a name given to copper. 

Ve'NUS’S CoMB, n. A plant of the genus scandix. 

Ve'NUS’S LOOK'ING-GLASS, 71. A plant of the genus 

campa7iula. 

VE NUS’S Na'VEL-WoRT, n. A plant. 

t VE-NUST', a. [L. venustus.] Beautiful. 

VE-Ra'CIOUS, a. [E. verax.] 1. Observant of truth ; ha- 
bitually disposed to speak truth. 2. True ; [little used.] 

VE-RAC'I-TY, 71. [It. ^•eraci^^i.] 1. Habitual observance of 
truth, or habitual truth. — Truth is applicable to men and 
to facts ; veracity to men only, or to sentient beings. 2. 
Invariable expression of truth. 

VE-RANfDA, 71. An oriental word denoting a kind of open 
portico, formed by extending a sloping roof beyond the 
main building. 

VE-Ra'TRI-A, 71. [L. veratr7im.] A vegetable alkali, ex- 
tracted from the white hellebore. Ure. 

VERB, 71 . [Y. verbmn ; Fr. verbe ; Sp., It. verbo ; Ji.fearb.] 
I. In grammar, a part of speech that expresses action, 
motion, being, suffering, or a request or command to do or 
forbear any tiling. 2. A word. South. 

VERB'AL, a. [Fr. ; L. vcrbalis.] 1. Spoken ; expressed to 
the ear in words ; not written. 2. Oral ; uttered by the 
mouth. 3. Consisting in mere words. 4. Respecting 
words only. 5. Minutely exact in words, or attending to 
words only. 6. Literal ; liaving word answering to word. 
— 7. In gram7Tiar, derived from a verb. 8. Verbose ; 
abounding with words ; [ 0 & 5 .] Shak. 

VER-BAL'I-TY, n. Mere words ; bare literal expressions. 

VERE^AL-IZE, v. t. To convert into a verb. 

VERB'AL-LY, adv. 1. In words spoken ; by words ut- 
tered ; orally. 2. Word for word. Drydc7i. 

VER-Ba'TIM, ado. [L.] Word for word ; in the same 
words. 

t VERB'ER-ATE, v. t. [L. verbero.] To beat ; to strike. 

VERB-ER-a'TION, 71. 1. A beating or striking ; blows. 2. 
The impulse of a body, which causes sound. Cjjc. 

VERB'I-AGE, 71. [Fr.] Verbosity ; use of many wmrd* 
without necessity ; superabundance of words. 

VER-BoSE', a. [L. verbosus.] Abounding in words ; using 


See Syxwpsis. A, E, T, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WIIAT PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f ObsolHe. 


VER 


903 


VER 


or containing more words than are necessary ; prolix j te- 
dious by a multiplicity of words. 

VER-BOrfM-TY, or VER-BoSE'NESS, n, 1. Employment 
of a superabundance of words; the use of more words 
than are necessary. 2. Superabundance of words ; pro- 
lixity. 

VER DAN-CY, n. Greenness. JSTorris. 

VER'DANT, a. [Fr. verdoyant ; L. viridans.'] 1. Green ; fresh ; 
covered with growing plants or grass. 2. Flourishing. 

VER'DER-ER, / n. [Fr. verdicr ^ Low L. viridurius.l An 

VER'DER-OR, \ otiicer in England^ who has the charge 
of the king’s forest. 

VER'DIGT, ?<. \^Li. verxim dictum. ~\ 1. The answer of a jury 
given to the court concerning any matter of fact in any 
cause', civil or criminal, committed to their trial and ex- 
amination. 2. Decision ; judgment ; opinion pronounced. 

VER'DLGRIS, n. [Fr. verd and gris.] Rust of copper, or an 
acetate of copper, formed by the combination of an acid 
with copper. Ure. 

VER'DI-TER, n. \Yr. verde-terre.'\ A preparation of copper 
sometimes used by painters, &c. for a blue, but more gen- 
erally mixed with a yellow for a green color. 

t VER DI-TLTRE, n. The faintest and palest green. 

VERD'UR E, 7I-. [Fr. : L. vireo.l Green; greenness; fresh- 
ness of vegetation. 

VERD'UR-OUS, a. Covered with green ; clothed with the 
fresh color of vegetables. Philips. 

VER'E-CLJND, a. [L. verectmdus.] Bashful; modest. [JVbt 
much used.^ fVotton. 

VER-E-CUi\D'I-TY, 71. Bashfulness; modesty; blushing. 
[.-Yot in much 7tse.] 

VERGE, (verj; n. [Fr. ; It. vcrga ; L. virga.] 1. A rod, or 
something in the form of a rod or staff, carried as an em- 
blem of authority ; the mace of a dean. 2. 'I’he stick or 
wand with which persons are admitted tenants, by hold- 
ing it in the liaud, and swearing fealty to the lord. — 3. In 
law, the compass or extent of the king’s court, withiti 
which is bounded the jurisdiction of the lord steward of 
the kirg’s household. 4. The extreme side or end of any 
thing which has some extent of length ; the brink ; edge ; 
border ; margin.— 5. Among gardeners, the edge or out- 
side of a border. 6. A part of a time-piece. 

VERGE, V. i. [L. verge.] 1. To tend downwards ; to bend ; 
to slope. 2. To tend ; to incline ; to approach. 

VERG'ER7 77. 1. lie that carries the mace before the bishop, 
dean, (&,c. 2. An officer who carries a white wand before 
the justices of either bench in England. 

VERG'ING, ppr. Bending or inclining ; tending. 

VER'GOU-LEUSE, n. A species of pear ; contracted to 
vergaloo. 

t VE-RID'I-GAL, a. \1j. veridicus.] Telling truth. 

VER'I-FT-A-BLE, a. That may be verified ; that may be 
proved or confirmed by incontestable evidence. 

VER-[-FI-Ca'T 10N, 77. [Fr.] The act of verifying or prov- 
ing to be true. 

VERT-FIED, p;7. Proved; confirmed by competent evi- 
dence. _ 

VERT-FT-ER, n. One that proves or makes appear to be true. 

VER'I-FV, V. t. [Fr. verifier.] 1. To prove to be true ; to 
confirm. 2. To fulfill, as a promise ; to confirm the truth 
of a prediction ; to show to be true. .3. To confirm or 
establish the authenticity of any thing by examination or 
competent evidence. 

VER I-FY-LVG, ppr. Proving to be true ; confirming ; 
establishing as authentic. 

VER'I-LY, adv. 1. In truth ; in fact ; certainly. 2. Really ; 
truly ; with great confidence. 

V’’ER-1-SLM'I-LAR, a. [L. verisimiJis.] Having the appear- 
ance of truth ; probable ; likely. White. 

VER-I-SI-MIL'I-4'UDE, n. [Ij.veri^imilitudo.] The appear- 
ance of truth ; probability ; likelihood. Glanvillc. 

t VER-I-SI-MII.'I-TY, for verisirnUitude. 

VER'I-TA-BLE, G. [Fr.] True; agreeable to fact. [Little 
tised.] Shalr. 

t VER'I-TA-BLY, adv. In a true manner. 

VER'I-TY, 77. [ Fr. ; L. cci-i/G.v.] 1. Truth; conso^ 

nance of a statement, proposition or other thing to fact. 
2. A true assertion or tenet. 3. Moral truth ; agreement 
of the words with the thoughts. 

VER'JuICE, 77. [Fr. verjns.] A liquor expressed from wild 
apples, sour grapes, &'c., used in sauces, ragouts and the 
like. 

VER'MEIL. See Vermilion. 

VE.R-'dE-OL'O-GlST, 77 . One who treats of vermes. 

VER-ME-OL'O-GY, 77 . [L. vermes, and Gr. Xoyof.] A dis- 
course or treatise on vermes, or that part of natural history 
which_treats of vermes. [Little used.] 

VER iME?, 77 . Worms; a c'ass of animals w'hich, in the 
liinnean system, are separated from the insects. 

^ VER-MI-CEL'LI, (ver-nie-selMy, or ver-nie-chel'ly) ??. 
[It. vermi''ell() ; L. vrrmiculus.] In cookery, little rolls or 
threads of paste, or a composition of Hour, eggs, sugar and 
saft’ron ; used in soups and pottages. 


VER-MIC'U-LAR, a. [L. vermiculus.] Pertaining to a 
worm ; resembling a worm ; particularly , resembling llio 
motion of a worm. 

VER-MIC'LT-LATE, v. t. [L. vermiculalus.] To inlay ; to 
form work by inlaying, resembling the motion or the 
tracks of worms. 

VER-MIC'U-LA-TED, pp. Formed in the likeness of the 
motion of a worm. 

VER-MIC/U-LA-TING, ppr. Forming so as to resemble the 
motion of a worm. 

VER-MIC-U-La'T 10N, 71. 1. The act or operation of moving 
in the form of a worm. 2. The act of forming so as to re- 
semble the motion of a worm. 

VERM'I-CULE, 71. [L. vermiculus.] A little worm or grub. 

VER-JMIC'U-LOUS, G. [h. vcrmiculosus.] 1. Full of worms 
or grubs. 2. Resembling worms. 

VERM'I-FORM, a. [L. vermis and forma.] Having the 
form or shape of a worm. 

VERMT-FUGE, n. [L. vermis and fugo.] A medicine or 
substance that destroys or expels worms from animal 
bodies ; an anthelmintic. 

VER'MIL, )n. [Fr. vermeil, vermilion ; 

VER-IVIIL'ION, (ver-mihyun) \ It. vermiglionc.] 1. 'J'he 
cochineal, a small insect found on a particular plant ; [ 7 ///- 
proper or obsolete.] 2. Red sulphuret of mercury ; a 
bright, beautiful red color of two sorts, natural and artifi- 
cial. 3. Any beautiful red color. 

VER-MIL'ION, (ver-miPyun) v. t. To dye red ; to cover 
with a delicate red. 

VER-MILTONED, pp. or a. Dyed or tinged with a bright 
red. 

VERM'IY, 77. since, and plu. ; used chiefly in the plural. 
[Fr., It. vermine.] 1. All sorts of small animals which are 
destructive to grain or other produce ; all noxious little 
animals or insects, as squirrels, rats, mice, worms^, grubs, 
flies, &c. 2. Used cf noxious human beings in contempt. 

VERM 'IN-ATE, v. i. [L. ver7nino.] To breed vermin. 

VERM-IN-a'TION, 77 . 1. The breeding of vermin. Derham. 
2. A griping of the bow^els. 

VERM'IN-IjY, a. Like vermin ; of the nature of vermin. 
Oauden. 

VERIVI'IN-OUS, a. Tending to breed vermin. Harvey. 

VER-MIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. vermes txnA pario.] Producing 
worms. Brown. 

VER-MIV'OR-OUS, a. [L. vermes and voro.] Devouring 
w’orms ; feeding on worms. 

VER-NAC'U-LAR, a. [F. vcrnacidus.] 1. Native; belong- 
ing to the country of one’s birth. 2. Native ; belonging 
to the person by birth or nature. Milner. 

I VER-NAC'U-LOUS, G. Vernacular ; also, scoffing. Spen- 
ser. 

VER'NAL, a. [L. vernalis.] 1. Belonging to the spring; 
appearing in spring. 2. Belonging to youth, the spring 
of life. 

VER'xVANT, G. [L. 1-C7-77G775.] Flourishing, as in spring; 
as, vernant flowers. Milton. 

t VER'NATE, V. i. To become young again. 

VER-Na'TION, 77. [Ij. rerno.] In botany, iha disposition of 
the nascent leaves within the bud. Martyn. 

VER'NIER, 71. [from the inventor.] A graduated index 
which subdivides the smallest divisions on a straight or 

C ) 1 tl 1* SCeVio 

t VE.R-NIL'I-TY, n. [L. ncrn77is.] Servility; fawning be- 
havior. like that of a slave. Bailey. 

VE-RON'I-CA, 77 . [7’cra-ico77.] 1. A portrait or representa- 
tion of the face of our Savior on handkerchiefs. — 2. In 
botany, a genus of plants, speedw'ell. 

VER'RU-COUS, a. [L. verruca, vej'rncosus.] Warty ; hav- 
ing little knobs or warts on the surface. 

[ VERS-A-BIL'I-TY, or f VERS'A J 3 LE-NESS, 77. [L. ver- 
sabilis.] Aptness to be turned round. Diet. 

i VERS'A-BT.E, a. That may be turned. 

VER'SAL, for universal. [.N'oC 'used, or very vulgar.] 

VERS'A-TILE, a. [L. versatilis.] 1. That may be turned 
round. 2. Liable to be turned in opinion ; changeable; 
variable ; unslead}'. 3. Turning with ease from one thing 
to another ; readily applied to a new task, or to various 

subjects. 4, In botany, a versatile anther is one fixed by 

the middle on the point of the filament, and so poised <as 
to turn like the needle of a compass ; fixed by its side, but 
freely movable. 

VERS-A-T!L'I-TY, n. I. The quality of being versatile ; 
aptness to change ; readiness to be turned ; variableness. 
2. 7'he faculty of easily turning one’s mind to new tasks 
pf subjects. » 

VERSE, (vers) n. [L. versus; Fr. t'cr.<f.] 1. In poetry, n 
line, consisting of a certain number of long and short syl- 
lables, disposed according to the rules of the .'species of 
poetry which the author intends to compose. 2. Poetry ; 
metrical language. 3. A short division of any composi- 
tion, narticnlarly of the chapters in the tYviptures. 4. A 
piece of poetry. 5. A portion of an anthem to be perform- 
ed by a single voice to each part. G. In a song or ballad, 
a stanza is called a verse. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SII ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


VES 


904 


VET 


VERSE, V. t. To tell in verse 5 to relate poetically . — To 
be versed^ [L. versor^l to be well skilled 3 to be acquaint- 
ed with. 

VERSE'-MAN, n. \yerse and waw.] A writer of verses j in 
ludicrous language. Prior. 

VERS'ER, n. A maker of verses ; a versifier. B. Jonson. 

f VERS'I-CLE, 71. [L. versiculus.] A little verse. 

VERS'I-€ 6 L-OR, > a. [L. versicolor.] Having various 

VERS'I-C6L-0RED, | colors ; changeable in color. 

VER-SIC'U-LAR, a. Pertaining to verses j designating dis- 
tinct divisions of a writing. 

VER-SI-FI-€a'TION, n. [Fr. from versifier.] The act, art 
or practice of composing poetic verse. 

VERS'1-FI-€a-TOR, n. A versifier. [Little used.] 

VERS'I-FlED, pp. Formed into verse. 

VERS'I-Fl-ER, n. 1. One who makes verses. 2. One who 
converts into verse 3 or one wi>o expresses the ideas of 
another, written in prose. 

VERS'I-FY,. V. i. To make verses. Dryden. 

VERS'I-FV, V. t. 1. To relate or describe in verse. Daniel. 
2. To turn into verse. 

VER'SION, n. [Fr. from L. ^•e 7 • 5 ^o.] 1. A turning 3 a 
change or transformation ; [unusual^ 2. Change of di- 
rection 3 [u?m 5 MaZ.] 3. The act of translating 3 the ren- 
dering of thoughts or ideas expressed in one language, 
into words of like signification in another language. 4. 
Translation 3 that which is rendered from another lan- 


guage. 

VERST, 71. A Russian measure of length, containing 1166| 
yards, or 3500 feet 3 about three quarters of an Englisli 
mile. 

VERT, 71. [Fr. verd ,* L. viridis.] 1. In the forest latcSy 
every thing that grows and bears a green leaf within the 
forest. — 2. In heraldry, a green color. 

VERT'E-BRAL, a. 1. Pertaining to the joints of the spine 
or back-bone. 2. Having a back-bone or spinal joints. 

VERT'E-BRAL, n. An animal of the class which have a 
back-bone. 

VERT'E-BRA-TED, a. [L. vertehratus.] Having a back- 
bone, or vertebral column, containing the spinal marrow, 
as an animal. 

VPR^P^F-RRP \ 

VPUT/F rfr’ \ f^ertehra.] A joint of the spine or 

VERT'E bra’ ) back-bone of an animal. 

VERT'EX, 71.’ [L.] 1. The crown or top of the head. 2. 

The top of a hill or other thing 5 the point of a cone, pyra- 
mid, angle or figure ; the pole of a glass, in optics. — 3. In 
astronomy, the zenith 5 the point of the heavens perpen- 
dicularly over the head. 

VERT'I-CAL, a. [Fr. 3 h. vertex.] 1. Placed or being in 
the zenith, or perpendicularly over the head. 2. Being in 
a position perpendicular to the plane of the horizon. 

VERT'I-€AL-LY, adv. In the zenith. 

VERT'I-CAL-NESS, n. The state of being in the zenith, 
or perpendicularly over the head. 

t VERT-I-CAL'I-TY, n. The state of being in the zenith. 
Brown. 

VERTT-CIL, n. [L. verticillus.] In botany, a little whirl ; 
a mode of inflorescence, in which the flowers surround 
the stem in a kind of ring. 

VER-TIC'IL-LATE, a. In botany, verticillate flowers are 
such as grow in a whirl, or round the stem in rings, one 
above another, at each joint. 

VER-TIC'I-TY, 71. [from vertex.]. 1. The power of turn- 
ing 3 rev'olution 5 rotation. 2 . That property of the load- 
stone by which it turns to some particular point. 

VER-TIG'IN-OUS, a. [L. vertiginosus.] 1 . Turning 
round 3 whirling ; rotary. 2. Giddy 3 aflected with ver- 
tigo. 

VER-TlG'IN-OUS-NESS^ n. Giddiness 3 a whirling, or 
* sense of whirling ; unsteadiness. Taylor. 

VERTT-GO, 71. [L.] Giddiness 5 dizziness or swimming of 
the head ; an affection of tTc\e Jiead, in which objects ap- 
pear to move ill various directions;. 

VER'VAIN, n. A plant of the genus verbena. 

VER'VAIN-MAL'LoW, n. A species of mallow. 

VER'VELS, 71. [Fr. vervelle.] Labels tied to a hawk. 

VER'Y, a. [Fr. vrai', L. 7 ?eru 6 -.] True 3 real. 

VER'Y, ado. As an adverb, or modifier of adjectives and 
adverbs, very denotes in a great degree, an eminent or 
high degree, but not generally the highest 3 as, a very 
cold day. 

VEST-GANT, n. A blistering application 5 an epispastic. 
Bigelow. 

VEST-GATE, v.t. ['L. vesica.] To blister; to raise little 
bladders, or separate the cuticle by inflaming the skin. 

VEST-GA-TED, pp. Blistered. 

VEwST-GA-TlNG, ppr. Blistering. 

VES-I-Ga'TION, n. The process of raising blisters or little 
cuticular bladders on the skin. 

VEST-GA-TO-RY, n. [Fr. vesicatoire.] A blistering appli- 
cation or plaster 3 an epispastic. 

VEST-GLE, 71, [L. vcsicxda.] 1 . A little bladder, or a por- 
tion of the cuticle separated from the skin and filled v/ith 


some humor. 2. Any small membranous cavity in ani- 
mals or vegetables. 

VE-SIGTJ-LAR, or VE-SIG'U-LOUS, a. 1. Pertaining to 
vesicles ; consisting of vesicles. 2. Hollow 3 full of inter- 
stices. 3. Having little bladders or glands on the surface, 
as the leaf of a plant. 

VE-SIG'U-LATE, a. Bladdery ; full of bladders. 

VES'PER, 71. [L.] 1. The evening star 3 Venus; also, the 
evening. 2. Vespers, in the plural, the evening song or 
evening service in the Romish church. 

VES'PER-TINE, a. [L. vespertinus.] Pertaining to the 
evening 3 happening or being in the evening. 

VES'SEL, n. [It. vasello ; Fr. vaisseau ; Sp. ra«ja.] 1. A 
cask or utensil proper for holding liquors and other things. 
— 2. In anatomy, any tube or canal, in which the blood 
and other humors are contained, secreted or circulated, as 
the arteries. — 3. In the physiology of plants, a canal or 
tube of very small bore, in which the sap is contained and 
conveyed 3 also, a Lag or utricle, filled with pulp, and 
serving as a reservoir for sap 3 also, a spiral canal, usually 
of a larger bore, for receiving and distributing air. 4. 
Any building used in navigation, which carries masts and 
sails, from the largest ship of war down to a fishing sloop. 
5. Something containing. 

t VES'SEL, V. t. To put into a vessel. Bacon. 

VES'SETS, 7 i. A kind of cloth. Qu. 

VES'SI-GON, \ n. [L. vesica.] A soft swelling on a horse’s 

VES'SI-GON, ) leg, called a windgall. 

VEST, 71 . [Fr. veste', It. vesta; D.vestis.] 1. An outer 
garment. — 2. In common speech, a man’s under garment, 
called, also, waistcoat. 

VEST, v.t. 1. To clothe 3 to cover, surround or encompass 
closely. 2. To dress ; to clothe with a long garment. — 
To vest with, to clothe 3 to furnish with ; to invest with. — 
To vest in. 1. To put in possession of 3 to furnish with 3 
to clothe with. 2. To clothe with another form 3 to con- 
vert into another substance or species of property. 

VEST, V. i. To come or descend to 3 to be fixed 3 to take 
effect, as a title or right. 

VEST'AL, a. [L. vestalis.] 1. Pertaining to Vesta, the 
goddess of fire among the Romans, and a virgin. 2. 
Pure 3 chaste. 

VEST'AL, n. A virgin consecrated to Vesta, and to the 
service of watching the sacred fire. 

VEST'ED, pp. 1. Clothed; covered 3 closely encompassed. 

2. a. Fixed 3 not in a state of contingency or suspen- 
sion. 

VES'TI-BULE, n. [Fr. 3 L. vestibulum.] 1. The porch or 
entrance into a house, or a large open space before the 
door, but covered. 2. A little antechamber before the 
entrance of an ordinary apartment. 3. An apartment in 
large buildings, which presents itself into a hall or suit of 
rooms or offices. — 4. In anatomy, a cavity belonging to 
the labyrinth of the ear. 

VES'TiGE, n. TFr. 3 L. vestigium.] A track or footstep 3 
the maik of the foot left on the earth ; but mostly used for 
the mark or remains of something else. 

VEST'ING, ppr. Clothing 3 covering ; closely encompass- 
ing 3 descending to and becoming permanent, as a right 
or title 3 converting into other species of property, as 
money. 

VEST'ING, n. Cloth for vests 3 vest patterns. U. States. 

VEST'MENT, n. [L. vestimentum ; Fr. vetement.] A gar- 
ment 3 some part of clothing or dress ; especially some 
part of outer clothing 3 but it is not restricted to any par- 
ticular garment. 

VEST'RY, n. [L. vestiarium ; Fr. vestiaire.] 1. A room 
appendant to a church, in which the sacerdotal vestments 
and sacred utensils are kept, and where parochial meet- 
ings are held. 2. A parochial assembly, so called because 
held in a vestry. Clarendon. 

VEST''RY-GLERK, n. An officer chosen by the vestry, 
who keeps the parish accounts and books. 

VEST'RY-MAN, n. In London, vestry-men are a select 
number of principal persons of every parish, who choose 
parish officers and take care of its concerns. 

VEST'URE, 7J. [Fr. vHure.] 1. A garment; a robe. 2. 
Dress ; garments in general ; habit 3 clothing 3 vestment. 

3. Clothing; covering. — 4. In old laio books, the corn with 
which land was covered. — 5. In old books, seisin 3 pos- 
session 3 [o^» 5 .] 

VE-Su'VI-AN, a. Pertaining to the volcano Vesuvius. 

VE-Stj'VI-AN, n. In mineralogy, a subspecies of pyramid- 
ical garnet, a mineral found in the vicinity of Vesuvius. 

VETCH, n. [Fr. vesce ; It. veccia ; L. vicia.] A plant of 
the leguminous kind, with papilionaceous flowers, of the 
genus vicia. 

VETCH'LING, 7i. [from vetch.] In botany, a name of the 
lathyrus aphaca, expressive C/f its diminutive size. 

VETCH'Y, a. 1. Consisting of vetches or of pea straw. 
Spenser. 2. Abounding with vetches. 

VET'ER-AN, a. [L. veteranus.] Having been long exer- 
cised in any thing ; long practiced or experienced. 

VET'ER-AN, n. One who has been long exercised in any 


* See Synopsis, a, E, I, o, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT 3 — PR£Y 3 — PIN, MARINE, BIRD 3 — f Obsolete. 


VIC 


905 


VIC 


service or art, particularly in war; one who has grown 
old in service, and has had much experience. 

VET-ER-IN-a'RI-AN, n. [h. veterinuriu.^.] One skilled in 
the diseases of cattle or domestic animals. Bro wn, 

VET'ER-I-NA-RY, a. Pertaining to the art of healing or 
treating the diseases of domestic animals, as oxen, horses, 
sheep, <fcc. 

VE'TO, 71. [L. -yeto, I forbid.] A forbidding ; prohibition; 
or the right of forbidding ; applied to the rinkt of a king- or 
other magistrate or officer to loitkhold h 'ls assent to the en- 
actment of a law. 

f VE-TUST^, a. [L. retustus.] Old ; ancient. Cockeram. 

VEX, v. t. [L. vexo ; Fr. vezer ; It. vessare ; Sp. vezar.^ 
1. To irritate; to make angry by little provocations. 2. 
To plague ; to torment ; to harass ; to alfiict. 3. To dis- 
turb ; to disquiet ; to agitate. 4. To trouble ; to distress. 
5. To persecute. Acts xii. 6. To stretch, as by hooks ; 
[06s.] 

VEX, V. i. To fret ; to be teased or irritated. Chapman. 

VEX-a'TION, 71. [Fr. from L. vezatio.'\ 1. The act of irri- 
tating, or of troubling, disquieting and harassing. 2. 
State of being irritated or disturbed in mind. 3. Disquiet ; 
agitation ; great uneasiness. Temple. 4. The cause of 
trouble or disquiet. 5. Afflictions ; great troubles ; severe 
judgments. 6. A harassing by law. 7 A slight, teasing 
trouble. 

VEX-a^TIOUS, a. 1. Irritating; disturbing or agitating to 
the mind; causing disquiet; afflictive. 2. Distressing; 
harassing. 3. Full of trouble and disquiet. 4. Teasing ; 
slightly troublesome ; provoking. 

VEX-a'TIOUS-LY, ado. In a manner to give great trouble. 

VEX-A'TlOUS-NEiSS, n. The quality of giving great 
trouble and disquiet, or of teasing and provoking. 

VEXED, pp. Teased; provoked; irritated; troubled; agi- 
tated; disquieted; afflicted. 

VEX'ER, n. One who vexes, irritates or troubles. 

VEX'IL, 71. [h. vezillum.] A flag or standard. In botany^ 
the upper petal of a papilionaceous flower. 

VEX'lL-LA-RY, n. A standard bearer. 

VEX'IL-LA-RY, a. Pertaining to an ensign or standard. 

VEX-IL-L action, 71. [h. vezillatio.'] A company of troops 
under one ensign. 

VEX'ING, ppr. Provoking ; irritating ; afflicting. 

VEX*1NG-LY, ado. So as to vex, tease or irritate. Tatler. 

VI' AGE. See Voyage. 

Vi'AL, n. \F\.viole; Gr. 77 ,* L.pMaZa.] A phial; a 
small bottle of thin glass, used particularly by apotheca- 
ries and druggists. 

Vi'AL, V. t. To put in a vial. Milton. 

VFAND, 71. [Fr. viande ; It. vivanda.] Meat dressed ; food. 
Pope. 

f VI'A-RY, a. [L. viarixis.'] Happening in the way, or on 
the roads. Feltham. 

VT-AT'I€, a. [L. viaticxim.] Pertaining to a journey or to 
traveling. 

VI-AT'I-€UM, 71. [L.] I. Provisions for a journey. — 2. 
Among the ancient Romans, an allowance to officers who 
were sent into the provinces to exercise any office or per- 
form any service, also to the officers and soldiers of the 
army. — 3. In the Romish church, the communion or eu- 
charist given to persons in their last moments. 

VI'BRANT, or VIB'RI-ON, n. [L. vibrans.] A name given 
to the ichneumon fly, from the continual vibration of its 
antennae. 

VI'BRATE, v.i. [L. vibro ; It. vibr are.] 1. To swing; to 
oscillate ; to move one way and the other ; to play to and 
fro. 2. To quiver. 3. To pass from one state to an- 
other. 

VI'BRATE, V. t. 1. To brandish ; to move to and fro ; to 
swing. 2. To cause to quiver. 

VFBRA-TED, pp. Brandished ; moved one way and the 
other. 

VI-BRA-TIL'I-TY, n. Disposition to preternatural vibra- 
tion or motion. \J\Tot much xised.] Rush. 

VI'BRA-TING, ppr. Brandishing; moving to and fro, as a 
pendulum or musical chord. 

VI-BRa'T10N, n. [Fr. ; T. vibro.] 1. The act of brand- 
ishing ; the act of moving or state of being moved one 
way and the other in quick succession. — 2. In mechanics, 
a regular reciprocal motion of a body suspended ; a mo- 
tion consisting of continual reciprocations or returns, as 
of the pendulum of a chronometer. — 3. In physics, alter- 
nate or reciprocal motion ; as, the vibratioxis of the nervous 
fluid. — 4. In music, the motion of a chord, or the undula- 
tion of any body, by which sound is produced. 

Vl-BRAT'I-UN-€LE, n. A small vibration. Chambers. 

VI'BRA-TTVE, a. That vibrates. JSTcwton. 

VI BRA-TO-RY, a. 1. Vibrating; consisting in vibration 
or oscillation. 2. Causing to vibrate. 

VIC'AR, n. [Yr.vicairc ; It. vicar io ; Jj. vicarius.] ]. In a 
general sense, a person deputed or authorized to perform 
the functions of another ; a substitute in office. — 2. In the 
canon law, the priest of a parish, the predial tithes of 
which are impropriated or appropriated. 


VIC'AR-AGE, 71. The benefice of a vicar. A vicarage by 
endowment becomes a benefice distinct from the par- 
sonage. 

VIG'AR-GEN'ER-AL, n. A title given by Henry VIII to 
the earl of Essex, with power to oversee all the clergy. 
It is now the title of an office, which is united in the 
chancellor of the diocese. 

Vi-Ga'RI-AL, a. [from vicar.] Pertaining to a vicar; 
small. 

Vi-Ca'RI-ATE, a. Having delegated power, as a vicar. 
Barroic. 

Vi-Ca'R1-ATE, n. A delegated office or power. Lord Morth, 

Vi-Ca'RI-OCS, a. [L. vicurius.] 1. Deputed ; delegated. 
2. Acting for another; filling the place of another. 3. 
Substituted in the place of another ; as, a vicarious sac- 
rifi(x. 

Vi-€a'RI-OUS-LY, adv. In the place of another ; by sub- 
stitution. Burke. 

V1€'AR-SHIP, 71. The office of a vicar ; the ministry of a 
vicar. 

VICE, 71. [Fr. vice; Jt. vhio ; Sp.vicio; lu. vitium.] 1. 
Properly, a spot or defect; a fault; a blemish. — 2. In 
ethics, any voluntary action or course of conduct which 
deviates from the rules of moral rectitude. Tice differs 
from crime, in being less enormous. 3. Depravity or cor- 
ruption of manners. 4. A fault or bad trick in a horse, 
5. The fool or punchinello of old shows. 6. An iron 
press. [This should be written 7?i6'c.] 7. A gripe or 

grasp ; [06s.] Shak. 

t VICE, v. t. To draw by a kind of violence. [Sec Vise.] 
Shak. 

VICE [L. vice, in the turn or place] is used in composition 
to denote one gui vicem gerit, who acts in the place of 
another, or is second in authority. 

VICE-AD'MI-RAL, n. 1. In the navy, the second officer in 
command. — 2. A civil office/ in Great Britain, appointed 
by the lords commissioners of the admiralty, for exer- 
cising admiralty jurisdiction within their 1 spective dis- 
tricts* 

VICE-AD'MI-RAL-TY, n. The office of a vice-admiralty ; 
a vice-admiralty court. 

VICE-a'GENT, 77. [vice and agent.] One who acts in the 
place of another. Hooker. 

VICE-CHaM'BER-LAIN, 71. An officer in court, next in 
command to the lord chamberlain. England. 

VICE-CHAN'CEL-OR, n. An officer in a university in 
England, a distinguished member, who is annually elect- 
ed to manage the affairs in the absence of the chancelor. 
Cyc. 

VICE-GON'SUL, n. One who acts in the place of a consul. 

t VlCED, a. Vitious ; corrupt. Shak. 

VICE'-DoGE, 71. A counselor at Venice, who represents 
the doge when sick or absent. Cyc. 

VICE-Ge'REN-CY, n. The office of a vicegerent; agency 
under another ; deputed power; lieutenancy. 

VICE-Ge'RENT, n. [L. vicem gerens.] A lieutenant ; a 
vicar ; an officer who is deputed by a superior or by 
proper jiuthority to exercise the pow'ers of another. 

VICE-Ge'REXI', a. Having or exercising delegated pow'er; 
acting by substitution, or in the place of another. 

VICE-LEG'ATE, 71. An officer employed by the pwpe. 

VIC'E-NA-RY, a. JX. vicenarius.] Belonging to twenty. 

VICE-PREST-DENt, n. An officer next in rank below a 
president. United States. 

VICE'ROY, 71. [Fr. viceroi.] The governor of a kingdom or 
country, who rules in the name of the king with regal 
authority, as the king’s substitute. 

VICE-ROY'AL-TY, 71. The dignity, office or jurisdiction 
of a viceroy. 

ViCE'ROY-SHIP, n. The dignity, office or jurisdiction of a 
viceroy. 

fVi'CE-TY, 71. Nicety; exactness. B.Jonson. 

VF'CIATE, V. t. [L. vitio. This verb is usually written 
vitiate.] 1. To injure the substance or properties of a 
thing so as to impair its value, and lessen or destroy its 
use ; to make less pure, or wholly impure ; to deprave. 
2. To render defective, and thus destroy the validity of; 
to invalidate by defect. 

VI"CIA-TED, pp. Depraved ; impaired in substance or 
quality ; rendered defective and void. 

VI"CIA-TING, ppr. Injuring in substance or properties ; 
rendering defective ; making void. 

VI-CI-a'TION, n. De^'ravation ; corruption. 

VIC'IN-AGE, n. [from L. vicinia, vicinus.] Neighborhood ; 
the place or places adjoining or near. 

* VIC'I-NAL, 1 a. Near; neighboring. [Little used.] Glan- 

^VIC'INE, \ ville. 

VI-CIN'I-TY, 77. [L. vicinitas.'] 1. Nearness in place. 2. 
Neighborhood. 3. Neighboring country. 

Vl-CI-OS'I-TY, 77. Depravity ; corruption of manners. 

VI''CIOUS, a. [Fr. vicieuz ; L. vitiosus.] 1. Defective ; 
imperfect. 2. Addicted to vice ; corrupt in principles or 
conduct ; depraved ; wicked ; habitually transgressing 
the moral law. 3. Corrupt ; contrary to moral principles 


+ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE ; — BlJLIi, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; $ as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


VIE 


906 


VIL 


at to l-ectitude. 4. Corrupt, in a physical sense ; foul ; 
impure; insalubrious. 5. Corrupt; not genuine or pure. 
6. Unruly ; refractory ; not well tamed or broken. J^'ew 
England. 

VI''CIOUS-LY, adv. 1. Corruptly; in a manner contrary 
to rectitude, moral principles, propriety or purity, y. 
Faultily ; not correctly, hurnet. 

VI"C10US-NESS, 71. 1. Addictedness to vice ; corruptness 
of moral principles or practice ; habitual violation of the 
moral law, or of moral duties; depravity in principles or 
in manners. 2. Unruliness; refractoriness, as of a beast 
JVeio England. 

VI-CIS't5l-TUDE, 71. [L. vicissitudo.'] 1. Regular change 
or succession of one thing to another. 2. Change ; revo- 
lution, as in human affairs. 

VI-CIS-Sl-TU'DI-JNA-RY, a. Changing in succession. 
Donne. 

Vl-eON'TIEL, a. [vice-coviitalia.'\ In old laic hooks, per- 
taining to the sheriff. — Vicontiel rents are certain rents 
for wJiich the sheriff’ pays a rent to tlic king. — Vicontiel 
writs are such as are triable in the county or slieriff’ court. 
Cyc. 

VI-CON'TIELS, 71. Things belonging to the sheriff ; par- 
ticularly, farms for which the sheriff pays rent to the 
king. 

Viscount, n. [vicc-comes.] 1. In law books, the sheriff. 
2. A degree of nobility next below a count or earl ; see 

V ISCOUNT. 

VIC’TiAl, 71. [\j. victbna ; Fr. I’ictiwic.] 1. A living being 
sacrificed to some deity, or in the performance of a reli- 
gious rite ; usually, some beast slain in sacrifice. 2. Some- 
thing destroyed , something sacrificed in the pursuit of an 
object. 

I VlC'Tf-MATE, V. t. To sacrifice. Bullokar. 

VIC'TtJR, 71. [L.] 1. One who conquers in war; a van- 

quisher ; one who defeats an enemy in battle. Victor 
dift’ers from conyucror. We apply conqueror to one who 
subdues countries, kingdoms or nations ; as, Alexander 
was tlie conqueror of Asia or India, or of many nations, or 
of the world. In such phrases, we cannot substitute vic- 
tor. But we use victor, when we speak of one who over- 
comes a particular enemy, or in a particular battle ; as, 
Cesar was victor at Fharsalia. 2. One who vanquisJies 
another in private combat or contest. 3. One who wins, 
or gains the advantage. 4. Master ; lord ; [C it.] 

VIC'TOR-ESS, 71. A female wlio vanquishes. Spenser. 

VIG-ToTlI-OUS, a. [Fr. victorimr .] 1. Having conquered 
in battle or contest; having overcome an enemy or an- 
tagonist; conquering; vanquishing. 2. That produces 
conquest. 3. Emblematic of conquest; indicating vic- 
tory. 

VIC-To'RI-OUS-LY, adv. With conquest ; with defeat of 
an enemy or antagonist ; triumphantly 

VlG-To'Rl-OUS-NESS, n. The state of being victorious. . 

VIG'TO-RY, 71. [Lc victoria ; Fr. victoire.'] 1. (Conquest ; 
the defeat of an enemy in battle, or of an antagonist in 
contest ; a gaining of the superiority in war or combat. 
2. The advantage or superiority gained over spiritual ene- 
mies. 1 Cor. XV. 

VIG'TRESS, 71. A female that conquers. Shak. 

VICT'UAL. See Victuals. 

VICT'UAL, (vit tl) v. t. 1. To supply with provisions for 
subsistence. 2. To store with provisions. 

VICT'UALED, (vittld) pp. Supplied with provisions. 

VICT'UAL-ER, (vit'tl-er) n. 1. One who fiirnishes provi- 
sions. 2. One who keeps a house of entertainment. 3. 
A provision-ship. 

VICT'UAL-ING, (vit'tl-ing) ppr. Supplying with provi 
sions. 

VICT'LJAL-ING-HOUSE, n. A house where provision is 
made for strangers to eat. 

VICT^UALS, (vit'tlz) n. \Yx. victuailles ^ Jt. vettovaglia j 
Sp. vitualla.] Food for human beings, prepared for eating ; 
that which supports human life ; provisions ; meat ; sus- 
tenance. 

VI-DEIj'I-CET, enZ/j. [Ci. for vidcrc licet.] To wit; namely. 
An abbreviation for this word is viz. 

f VID'U-AL, a. [L. vidaus.] Belonging to the state of a 
widow. 

i yi-DO'I-TV, 71. [L. viduitas.] Widowhood. 

VlE, Ti. 1 . [Sax. 7ci;raii.] To strive for superiority ; to con- 
tend ; to use effort in a race, contest, competition, rival- 
ship or strife. 

t VIE, V. t. 1. To show or practice in competition. 2. To 
urge ; to press. 

Vfl'iLIjEUll, 71. A species of fly in Surinam. 

A^IEW, (vu) v.f. [Fr. 7n/c; 1j. viders ; Russ, tvjii.] 1. To 
survey ; to examine with tlie eye ; to look on with atten- 
tion, or for the purpose of examining ; to inspect ; to ex- 
plore. View differs from look, see and behold, in express- 
ing more particular or continued attention to the thing 
wliich is the object of sight. 2. To see ; to perceive by 
tlie eye. 3. 'I’o survey inteilectually ; to examine with 
'he mental eye ; to consider. 


VIEW, (vu) 71. 1. Prospect ; sight ; reach of the eye» 2. 
flffie whole extent seen. 2. bigh* ; pow'er of seeing, or 
limit of sight. 4. Intellectual or mental sight. 5. Act of 
seeing, b. Sight; eye. 7. Survey; inspection; exami- 
nation by the eye. b. Intellectual survey ; mental ex- 
amination. 9. Appearance ; show. 10. Uisplay ; exhi- 
bition to the sight or mind. 11. Prospect of interest. 12. 
Intention ; jiurpose ; design. 13. Opinion ; manner of 
seeing or understanding. — Fvint of view, the direction in 
which a thing is seen. 

VIEWED, (vude) pp. Surveyed; examined by the eye; 
inspected ; considered. 

VIEW'ER, (vu'er) u. 1. One who views, surveys or ex- 
amines. — 2. In J\''eio England, a town officer whose duty 
is to inspect something ; as, a viewer offences. 
VIEW'llNG, {yb'mg) ppr. Purveying; examining by the 
eye or by the mind ; inspecting ; exjiloring. 

VIEW'IJNG, (vu ing) n. '1 he act of beholding or surveying. 
VlEW'oESS, (vu'les) a. That cannot be seen; not being 
perceivable by the eye ; invisible. Pope. 
f VIEW'LY, (vudy) a. Sightly ; striking to the view'. 
VI-OES-I-Ma'T1Ui\, 71. [E. vtgesimus.] 'i he act of ])utting 
to death every twentieth man. Bailey. 

VlG'lL, 71. [h. vigilia ; Yr. vigile •, L. n'o-iZ.] ]. Watch; 
devotion performed in the customary hours of rest or 
sleep. — 2. in church affairs, the eve or evening before any 
feast ; a religious service performed in the evening pre- 
ceding a holy day. 3. A last observed on the day preced- 
ing a holy day ; a wake. 4. Watch ; forbearance of 
sleep. 

VlG'l-LANCE, 71. [Fr. ; L. vigilans.] 1. Forbearance of 
sleep; a state of being awake. 2. Watchfulness; circum- 
spection; attention of the mind in discovering and guard- 
ing against danger, or providing for safety. 3. Guard; 
watch ; [unusual.] 
f VlCl'l-LAA'-GY, for vigilajice. 

VlG''l-LAi\T, «. [Fr. f L. 'ciff/ZaTis.] Watchful; circum- 
spect ; attentive to discover and avoid danger, or to pro- 
vide for safety. 

VlG'l-LAi\T-LV, adv. Watchfully; with attention to dan- 
ger and the means of safety ; circumspectly. 
VIG-NEI'TE', 7 (commonly pronounced viuyet) v. [Fr. 
VIG-NET', ) vignette.] An ornament jilaced at the 
Ireginning of a book, preface or dedication ; a head-piece. 
VIGOR, 71. [L.j 1. Active strength or force of body in 
animals; physical force. 2. btrength of mind ; intellect- 
ual force ; e.iergy. 3. Strength or force in vegetable mo- 
tion. 4. Strength ; energy ; efficacy. 
fVlG'OR, V. t. 'I'o invigorate. Eettkam. 

VIG'OR-OUS, a. 1. Full of physical strength or active 
force ; strong ; lusty. 2. Powerful ; strong ; made by 
strength, either of body or mind. 

VIG'OR-OUS-LY, adv. With great physical force or 
strength ; forcibly ; with active exertions. 
VIG'OR-OiJS-NESS, v. The quality of being vigorous or 
possessed of active strength, 
t VIED, or [ VTIjED, a. Vile. Spenser. 

VIEE, a. [L. viiis ; Fr., Sp. vil ; it. vile.] 1. Base ; mean ; 
worthless ; despicable. 2. Morally base or impure ; sin- 
ful ; depraved by sin ; wicked, 
t VIEED, a. Abusive; scurrilous; defamatory. 

VIEE'LY, adv. 1. Basely; meanly; shamefully. 2. In a 
cowardly manner. 2 Sam. i. 

VTEE'A'ESS, n. 1. Baseness; meanness; despicableness. 
2. Moral baseness or depravity ; degradation by sin ; ex- 
treme wickedness. Prior. 

VIIi'I-FIED, pp. Defamed ; traduced; debased. 
VIL'1-FI-ER, 71. One who defames or traduces. 

VILT-FV, V. t. 1. To make vile ; to debase ; to degrade 
2. To defame ; to traduce ; to attempt to degrade by 
slander. 

VIL'1-FY-ING, ppr. Debasing; defirming. 
f VILT-PEND, V. t. [E. vdipendo.] To despise, 
t VIE-T-PEND'EN-CY, n. Disesteein ; slight, 
t VIE'l-TY, 77. Vileness; baseness. Keanet. 

VIEL, 77. [E. villa-, Fr. fiZZc.J A village; a small collection 
of houses. Hale. 

VIL'LA, 77. [L. villa ; Fr. ville.] A country-seat or a farm, 
furnished with a mansion and convenient out-houses. 
VIE'LAGE, 71. [Fr. ; villa.] A small assemblage of houses, 
less than a town or city, and inhabited chiefly by farmers 
and other laboring peojile. 

VIL'LA-GER, 71. An inhabitant of a village. Milton. 
VlETiA-GER-Y, n. A district of villages. Shak. 
VIL'LAIN, I 77. [Fr. vilaiu ; It., Sp. villano.] 1. In feudal 
VIE'EAN, ) laic, a villain or villehi is one who holds 
lands by a base or servile tenure, or in villenage. 2. A 
vile, wicked person ; a man extremely depraveil, and ca- 
pable or guilty of great crimes. 

VIE'EA-KIN, 71. A little village ; a 70ord used by Gay. 
VIE'EAN-AGE, 7i. 1. The state of a villain ; base servi- 
tude. 2. A base tenure of lands ; tenure on condition 
of doing the meanest services for the lord ; usually writ- 
ten riZZeitaj-c. 3. Baseness; infamy; sec Villa .\y. 


* See Synopsis. A, K,l, o, U, Y, Z<?77^.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PllfiY PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— | Obsolete, 


VIN 


907 


VIU 


VIL'LAN-IZE, V. t. To debase j to degrade j to defame j to 
revile. [Little used.] Dryden. 

VIL'LAN-IZED, p/;. Defamed j debased. [Little used.] 
t VIL'LAN-IZ-ER, n. One who degrades, debases or de- 
fames. 

VlL'LAN-iZ-lNG, ppr. Defaming ; debasing. [Little used.] 
VlJj'LAN-OUS, ) a. [from villain.] 1. Base ; very vile j 
VIL'LAIN-OUS, J 2. Wicked; extremely depraved. 3. 
Proceeding from extreme depravity. 4. Sorry ; vile ; mis- 
chievous. 

VIL'LAN-OUS-LY, adv. Basely; with extreme wicked- 
ness or depravity. 

VIL'LAN-OUS-NESS, n. Baseness ; extreme depravity. 
VIL'LAN-Y, )n. 1. Extreme depravity ; atrocious wick- 
VIL'LAIN-Y, I edness. 2. A crime ; an action of deep 
depravity. 

VIL-LAT'I€, a. [L. villaticus.] Pertaining to a village. 
VIL'LEN-AGE, n. [from vtZZaia.] A tenure of lands and 
tenements by base services. Blackstone. 

VIL'LI, 71. [L.] In anatomy, are the same as fibres ; and in 
botany, small hairs like the grain of plush or shag, with 
which, as a kind of excrescence, some trees abound. 
Quincy. 

VIL'LOCJS, a. [L. rjiZZosuA-.] 1. Abounding with fine hairs 
or wooly substance ; nappy ; shaggy ; rough. — 2. In bota- 
ny, pubescent; covered with soft hairs. 

VIM'IN-AL, a. [L. viminalis.] Pertaining to twigs; con- 
sisting of twigs ; producing twigs. 

VI-MIN'E-OUS, a. [L. viminetts.] Made of twigs or shoots. 
Prior. 

VI-xVa'CEOUS, a. [L. vinaceus.] Belonging to wine or 
grapes. White. 

VIN'CI-BLE, a. [from L. vinco.] Conquerable ; that may 
be overcome or subdued. Haijward. 

VINCI-BLE-NESS, n. The capacity of being conquered ; 

conquerableness. Viet. 
fVINCT URE, n. [L. vinctura.] A binding. 
VIN-DE'iMI-x'\L, a. [L. vinde)7iialis.] Belonging to a vint- 
age or grape harvest. 

VIIV-Dr'MI-ATE, V. i. To gather the vintage. Evelyn. 
VIN-DE-IMI-a'TION, 11 . Tlie operation of gathering grapes. 
VIN-DI-CA-BIL'I-TY, n. The quality of being vindicable, 
or caj)abie of support or justification. 

VIN'DI-€A-BLE, a. That may be vindicated, justified or 
supported. Dici^ht. 

VIN'Dl-CATE, V. t. [L. vindico.] 1. To defend ; to justi- 
fy ; to support or maintain as true or correct, against de- 
'nial, censure or objections. 2. To assert ; to defend with 
success ; to maintain ; to prove to be just or valid. 3. To 
defend with arms, or otherwise. 4. To avenge ; to pun- 
ish ; [o&5.] 

VIN'DI-CA-TED, pp. Defended ; supported ; maintained ; 
proved to be just or true. 

VIN'DI-CA-TING, p/n-. Defending; supporting; proving 
to be true or just ; defending by for^e. 

VIN-DI-Ca'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. vindico.] 1. The defense 
of any thing, or a justification against denial or censure, 
or against objections or accusations. 2. The act of sup- 
porting by proof or legal process; the proving of any 
thing to be just. 3. Defense by force or otherwise. 
VIN'DI-€A-TlVE, a. 1. Tending to vindicate. 2. Re- 
vengeful. 

VIN'DI-GA-TOR, n. One who vindicates ; one who justi- 
fies or maintains ; one who defends. Dryden. 
VIN'DI-€A-TO-RY, a. 1. Punitory ; inflicting punishment ; 

avenging. 2. Tending to vindicate ; justificatory. 
VIN-Die'TIVE, a. [Fr. vindicatif.] Revengeful ; given to 
revenge. Dryden. 

VIN-DI€'TIVE-LY, adv. By way of revenge ; revenge- 
fully. 

VIN-DI€'TIVE-NESS, 7t. 1. A revengeful temper. 2. Re- 
vengefulness. 

VIx\E, n. [L. vinea ; Fr. vigne ; Tt.vigna; Sp. vma.] 1. 
A plant that produces grapes, of the genus vithi. 2. The 
long, slender stem of any plant, that trails on the ground, 
or climbs and supports itself by winding round a fixed 
object, or by seizing any fixed thing with its tendrils or 
claspers. 

VTAED, a. Having leaves like those of the vine. Wotton. 
VINE'-DRESS-ER, 7J. [vine and One who dress- 

es, trims, prunes and cultivates vines. 
VINE'-FRET-TER, n. [vine and fret.] A small insect that 
injures vines, the aphis or puceron. 

VE\'E-GAR, 11 . [Fr. vin and aigre.] 1. Vegetable acid ; 
an acid liquor obtained from wine, cider, Izeer or other 
liquors, by the second or acetous fermentation. 2. Any 
thing really or metaphorically sour ; [o&s.] 

VTXE'-GRUB, rj. [fmeand A little insect that infests 

vines ; the vine-fretter or puceron . Cijc. 

VT'NER, n. An orderer or trimmer of vines. Huloet. 
VPx\ER-V', n. In rrardening, an erection for supporting vines 
and exposing them to artificial heat, consisting of a wall 
with stoves and flues. 


VINE'YARD, ) n. [Sax. vingea^d ; Ir. Jionghort.] A plat?* 
VINWARD, j tation of vines producing grapes; proper^ 
ly, an inclosure or yard for grape-vines, 
t VIN'NEWED, a. [Sax. fynig.] Moldy; musty. ATewtont 
t VIN'NEW-ED-NESS, 7t. Mustiness; moldiness. Barret* 
f VIN'NY, a. Moldy ; musty, 
f VIN'O-LEN-CY, 71. [L. vinolentia.] Drunkenness, 
t yiN'O-LENT, a. Given to wine. 

Vl-NOSft-TY, 71. State or quality of being vinous. Scott. 
Vl'NOtrS, a. [Fr. vineux ; Ij.vinvm.] Having the qualities 
of wine ; pertaining to wine. 

VINT' AGE, 71. [Fr. vendange.] 1. The produce of the 
vine for the season. 2. The time of gathering the crop of 
grapes. 3. Tlie wine produced by the crop of grapes in 
one season. 

VINT'A-GER, 71. One that gathers the vintage. 
VINT'NER, 71. One who deals in wine ; a wine-seller. 
VINT'RY, 71. A place where wine is sold, j^insicorth. 
VI'NY, a. 1. Belonging to vines; producing grapes. 2. 

Abounding in vines. P. Fletcher. 

VI'OL, 71. [Fr. viole’, It., Sp. viola; Ir. biol.] A stringed 
musical instrument, of the same form as the violin, hut 
larger, and having formerly six strings, to be struck with 
a bow. 

VT'O-LA-BLE, a. [L. violabilis.] That may be violated, 
broken or injured. 

VI-O La'CEOUS, fl. [L. viola.] Resembling violets. 
Vi'O-LATE, V. t. [Fr. violer ; L. violo : It. violare ; Fp. vi- 
olar.] 1. To injure; to hurt; to interrupt; to disturb 
2. To break ; to infringe ; to transgress. 3. To injure ; to 
do violence to. 4. To treat with irreverence ; to profane. 
5. To ravish ; to compress by force. 

Vi'O-LA-TED, jtp. Injured; transgressed; ravished. 
VT'O-LA-TING, ppr. Injuring ; infringing ; ravishing. 
VI-O-La'TION, 71. [Fr.J I. The act of violating or injur- 
ing ; interruption, as ofsleep or peace. 2. Infritigeineut ; 
transgression ; non-observance. 3. Act of irreverence ; 
profanation or contemptuous treatment of sacred things. 
4. Ravishment ; rape. 

VT'O-LA-TOR, 71. I. One who violates, injures, interrupts 
or disturbs. 2. One who infringes or transgresses. 3. 
One who profanes or treats with irreverence. 4. A rav- 
jsher. 

Vi'O-LENCE, 71. [L. violentia.] 1. Physical force ; strength 
of action or motion. 2. Moral force ; vehemence. 3. 
Outrage ; unjust force ; crimes of all kinds. 4. Eager- 
ness; vehemence. 5. Injury ; infringement. 6. Injury; 
hurt. 7. Ravishment ; rape. — 7'o dn violence to, or on, to 
att.ack ; to murder. — To do violence to, to outrage; to 
force ; to injure. 

Vl'0-LENCE, V. t. To assault ; to injure ; also, to bring by 
violence. [Little used.] B. Jonson. 

VI'O-LENT, 11 . [Fr. ; L. violentus.] 1. Forcible; moving 
or acting with physical strength; urged or driven witlr 
force. 2. Vehement ; outrageous. 3. Produced or con- 
tinued by force ; not spontaneous or natural. 4. Produ- 
ced by violence ; not natural. 5. Acting by violence; as- 
sailant ; not authorized. 6. Fierce ; vehement. 7. Fe- 
vere ; extreme. 8. Extorted; not voluntary. — Violent 
presumption, in laic, is presumption that arises from cir- 
cumstances which necessarily attend such facts, 
t VPO-LENT, 71. An assailant, 
t VI'O-LENT, V. t. To urge witli violence. Fuller. 
VT'O-LENT-LY, adv. With force ; forcibly ; vehemently. 
VrO-LET, 71. [Fr. violcttc ; It. violetto ; L. viola.] A plant 
and flower of the genus viola, of many species. 

VIO-LIN', 71. [It. violino; Fr. violon.] A musical instru- 
ment with four strings, played with a bow ; a fiddle ; one 
of the most perfect and most powerful instruments that 
has been invented. 

VPO-LIN-IST, 71 . A person skilled in playing on a vio- 
lin. 

VT'O-LIST, 71. A player on the viol. Todd. 
VI-0-L0x\-CEL'L0, 71. [It.] A stringed instrument of 
music ; a base viol of four strings, or a little base violin 
with long large strings, giving sounds an octave lower 
than tlie base violin. 

VT-O-Lo'NO, 71 . A double base, a deep-toned instrument. 
VPPER, 71 . [L. vipera; Fr. vipere.] 1. A serpent, a species 
of coluber, whose bite is remarkably venomous. 2. A per- 
son or thing mischievous or malignant. 

VI'PER-INE, a. [L. viperinus.] Pertaining to a viper or to 
vipers. 

VI'PER-OUS, a. [L. vipereus.] Having the qualities of a 
viper ; malignant ; venomous. Shak. 

VI'PER’S BG'GLOSS, n. A plant of the genus cc/iiina. 
VT'PER’.? GRASS, n. A plant of the genus scorzonera. 
t VI-RA-GIN'1-xA.N, a. Of or belonging to an impudent 
woman. Milton. 

VI-Ra'GO, 71. [L. from nV.] 1. A woman of extraordina- 
ry stature, strength and courage , a female who has the 
robust body and masculine mind of a man ; a female war- 
rior. — 2. In common language, a bold, impudent, turbulent 
woman ; a termagant. 


t Obsolete, 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BIJLL, UNITE. — € as K ; G as J ; ? as Z ; CII as SH ; Til as in this. 


VIR 


908 VIS 


t VIRE, n. [Sp. vira.] An arrow. Gower. 

VIR'E-LAY, n. [Fr. virelai.] A song or little poem 
among the Provencal poets in France 3 a roundelay. 
Johnson. 

VI'RENT, a. [L. virens.] Green ; verdant ; fresh. 

ViR'GATE, a. [L. virga.] In botany ^ having the shape of 
a rod or wand. 

ViR'GATE, n. A yardland. Warton. 

VLRGE. See Verge. 

ViR-GiL'I-AN, a. 1. Pertaining to Virgil, the Roman poet. 
2. Resembling the style of Virgil. Youncr. 

ViR'GlN, n. [It. virgiiie ; Sp. virgen ,* I r. merge ,* L. vir- 
go.] 1. A woman who lias had no carnal knowledge of 
man. 2. A woman not a mother. 3. The sign Virgo ; 
see Virgo. 

ViR'GiN, a. 1. Pure 5 untouched. 2. Fresh; new; unus- 
ed. 3. Becoming a virgin ; maidenly ; modest ; indicat- 
ing modesty. 4. Pure ; chaste. 

VtR'GlN, V. i. To play the virgin ; a cant word. Shak. 

ViR'GiN-AL, a. Pertaining to a virgin ; maidenly. Ham- 
mond. 

ViR'GlN-AL, n. A keyed instrument of one string, jack 
and quill to each note, like a spinet, but in shape resem- 
bling tlie forte-piano ; out of use. 

ViR'GiN-AL, -y. i. To pat; to strike as on a virginal. [j 1 
cant 7f)ord.\ Shak. 

VIR-GIN'I-TY, 71. [L. virginitas.] Maidenliood ; the state 
of having had no carnal knowledge of man. 

ViR'GlN’S BOW-ER, n. A plant of the genus clematis. 

ViR'GO, 71. [L.] A sign of the zodiac which the sun enters 
in August ; a constellation. Cyc. 

VI-RID'l-TY, 71. [h. vii'iditas.] Greenness; verdure; the 
color af fresh vegetables. Evelyn. 

Vl'RlLE, a. [L. 7nrilis.'] 1. Perlaiuiiig lo a muii, in the 
eminent sense of the word ; belonging to the male sex. 2. 
Masculine ; not puerile or feminine. 

VI-RIL'1-TY, n. [Fr. virilite ; L. virilitas.] 1. Manhood ; 
the state of the male sex, which has arrived to the matu- 
rity and strength of a man, and to the power of procrea- 
tion. 2. The power of procreation. 3. Character of man ; 

[ttiiwsua/.] 

VIR-MIL'ION, n. [properly vermilio7i.] A red color. Eos- 
common. 

* ViR'TU, 71. [It.] A love of the fine arts ; a taste for curios- 
ities. Chesterfield. 

VIRT'U-AL, a. [Fr. virt7Lel.'\ 1. Potential ; having the 
power of acting or of invisible efficacy without the mate- 
rial or sensible part. 2. Being in essence or effect, not in 
fact. 

VIR-TU-AL'T-TY, 71 . Efficacy. Brown. 

ViKT'U-AL-LY, adv. In efficacy or effect only ; by means 
of some virtue or influence, or the instrumentality of some- 
thing else. 

t ViRT'U-ATE, V. t. To make efficacious. Harvey. 

ViRT'UE, 71. [Fr. TJcrfM ,• lt.virt7L', ^p.vertud; Ij. virtus.] 

1. Strength ; that substance or quality of physical bodies, 
by which they act and produce effects on other bodies. 

2. Bravery ; valor. This was the predominant significa- 
tion of virtics among the Romans. [J\Tearly 065.] 3. Moral 
goodness ; the practice of moral duties and the abstaining 
from vice, or a conformity of life and conversation to the 
moral law. 4. A particular moral excellence. 5. Acting 
power ; something efficacious. 6. Secret agency ; effica- 
cy without visible or material action. 7. Excellence ; or 
that which constitutes value and merit. 8. One of the 
orders of the celestial hierarchy. Milton. 9. Efficacy ; 
power. Addiso7i. 10. Legal efficacy or power ; author- 
ity. — In virtue^ in consequence ; by the efficacy or au- 
thority. 

ViRT'UE-LESS, a. 1. Destitute of virtue. 2. Destitute of 
efficacy or operating finalities. Fairfax. 

ViR-TU-O'SO, n. [It ] A man skilled in the fine arts, par- 
ticularly in music ; or a man skilled in antiquities, curios- 
ities and the like. 

VIRT-U-O’SO-SHIP, 71. The pursuits of a virtuoso. 

ViRT'U-OUS, a. 1. Morally good ; acting in conformity to 
the moral law. 2. Being in conformity to the moral or 
divine law. 3. Chaste ; applied to 70omen. 4. Effica- 
cious by inherent qualities ; [^o&s.] 5. Having great or 

powerful properties ; [ 065 .] u. Having medicinal quali- 
ties ; [ofts.] 

ViRT'U-OUS-LY, ad7\ In a virtuous manner; in conform- 
ity with the moral law or with duty. Addison. 
ViliT'lJ-OUS-NESS, 77. The state of being virtuous. 

VIR'U-LENCE, I 71 . 1. That quality of a thing which ren- 

VIR'U-LEN-CY, j ders it extremely active in doing inju- 
ry ; acrimony ; malignancy. 2. Acrimony of temper ; 
extreme bitterness or malignity. 

YIR'U-LENT, a. [L. virulcntus.'\ 1. Extremely activ'e in 
doing injury ; very poisonous or venomous. 2. Very bit- 
ter in enmity ; malignant. 

VIR'U-LENT-ED, a. Filled with poison. Fcltha7n. 

VTR'U-LENT-LY, adT). With malignant activity ; with bit- 
ter spite or severity. 


VI'RUS, 71 . [L.] Foul or contagious matter of an ulcer, pus- 
tule, &c.; poison. 

VIS'AGE, 71. [Fr.; It. visaggio.'] The face ; the countenance 
or look of a person, or of other animals ; chiefiy applied to 
hu7nan beii7gs. 

VIS' AGED, a. Having a visage or countenance. Milton. 

VIS'-A-ViS’, (viz'a-ve') n. [Fr. opposite, face to face.] A 
carriage in which two persons sit face to face. 

VIS'CE-RA, n. [L.] The bowels or intestines ; the contents 
of the abdomen and thorax. 

VIS'CE-RAL, a. [Y. viscera.'] 1. Pertaining to the viscera 
or intestines. 2. Feeling ; having sensibility ; [unusual.] 

VIS'CER-ATE, V. t. To exenterale ; to embowel; to de- 
prive of the entrails or viscera. 

VIS'CID, a. [L. visc'idas.] Glutinous; sticky; tenacious; 
not readily separating. 

VIS-ClD'l-TY, 77 . 1. Glutinousness; tenacity; stickiness. 
2. Glutinous concretion. Flayer. 

VIS-EOS'I-TY, or VlS'€OUS-NESS, w. Glutinousness ; te- 
nacity ; viscidity ; that quality of soft substances which 
makes them adhere so as not to be easily parted. 

VIS'GOUNT, (vi'kount) n. [L. vice-conies ; Fr. vicomte.] 

1. An officer who formerly supplied the place of the 
count or earl ; the sheriff’ of the county. Fvghu/d. 2. A 
degree or title of nobility next in rank to an earl. Eng. 

VIS'GOUNT-ESS, (vl'kount-es) 71 . The lady of a viscount ; 
a peeress of the fourth order. Johnson. 

VTS'GOUNT-SHIP, (vi'kount ship) ) n. The quality and 

ViS'GOUNT-Y, (vi'kount-y) ) office of a viscount. 

VIS'GOUS, a. [Fr. visqaeux ; from L. viscus.] Glutinous ; 
clammy ; sticky ; adhesive ; tenacious. 

VISE, 71. [P'r. 7?t*'.] An engine or instrument for griping and 
holding things, closed by a screw. 

VISH'ND, 71. In the Hindoo n/7jtholog7j, the name of one 01 
the chief deities of the trirnurti or triad. 

VlS-I-BIL'l-TY, 77 . [Fr. J. The state or quali- 

ty of being perceivable to the eye. 2. The state of being 
discoverable or apparent ; conspicuousness. 

VIS'I-BLR, a. [F'r.; L. visibilis.] 1. Perceivable by the eye ; 
that can be seen. 2. Discovered to the eye. 3. Apparent; 
open ; conspicuous. 

VIS'I-BLE-NESS, 71. State or quality of being visible ; vis- 
ibility. 

VIS'I-BLY, adv. In a manner perceptible to the eye. 

Vi"SION, (vizh'im) 71 . [Fr.; L. tjE'io.] 1. The act of seeing 
external objects ; actual sight. 2. '1 he faculty of seeing ; 
sight. 3. Something imagined to be seen, though not real ; 
a phantom ; a spectre. — 4. In Scripture^ a revelation from 
God. 5. Something imaginary ; the production of fancy. 
6. Any thing wliich is the object of sight. 

VI"^ION-AL, a. Pertaining to a vision. Waterland. 

Vi"SION-A-RY, a. [Fr. tusioimairc.] 1. Affected by phan- 
toms ; disposed to receive impressions on the imagination. 

2. Imaginary; existing in imagination only; not real; 
having no solid foundation. 

VI"SION-A-RY, 71. 1. One whose imagination is disturb- 
ed. 2. One w'ho forms impracticable schemes; one who 
is confident of success in a project which others perceive 
to be idle and fanciful. — [ Visionisty in a like sense, is not 
used.] 

VIS'IT, 7 ;. t. [L. visito ; Fr. visiter ; It. visitare.] 1. To 
go or come to see ; to attend. 2. To go or come to see for 
ins]>ection, examination, correction of abuses, &,c. 3. To 
salute with a present. 4. To go to and to use. 

VIS'IT, V. i. To keep up the interchange of civilities and 
salutations ; to practice going to see others. 

VIS'IT, 71. ]. The act of going to see another, or of calling 
at his house ; a waiting on. 2. The act of going to see. 

3. A going to see or attending on. 4. The act of going to 
view or inspect. 

VIS'IT-A-BLE, a. Liable or subject to be visited. 

VIS'IT- ANT, 71. One that goes or comes to see another ; 
one who is a guest in the house of a friend. SoTith. 

VIS-IT-a'TION, 71. [Fr. ; L. ^•i6•R(l.] 1. The act of visit- 

ing. 2. Object of visit ; [iiiiti^iaZ.J — 3. In the act of 
a superior or superintending officer, who visits a corpora- 
tion, college, church or other house, to examine into the 
manner in which it is conducted. — 4. In Scripture, and in 
a religious sense, the sending of afflictions and distresses 
on men to punish them for their sins, or to prove them. 
5. Communication of divine love ; exhibition of divine 
goodness and mercy. Hooker. 

VIS-I-TA-To'RI- AL. Belonging to a judicial visitor or su- 
perintendent. See VisiTORiAL. 

VIS'IT-ED, pp. Waited on ; attended ; inspected ; subject- 
ed to sufferings ; favored with relief or mercy. 

VIS'IT-ING, ppr. Going or coming to see ; attending on, ns 
a physician ; inspecting officially ; afflicting ; showing 
mercy to. 2. a. Authorized to visit and inspect. 

VIS'IT-ING, 71. The act of going to see or of attending ; vis- 
itation. 

VIS'IT-OR, 71. [Fr. visite7ir.] 1. One who comes or goes 
to see another, as in civility or friendship. 2. A superior 
or person authorized to visit a corporation or any institu- 


* See Sijnopsis. A, E, I, 5, V, "2, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT; — PR^Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — ^Obsolete. 


voc 


VIT 90D 


tion, for the purpose of seeing that the laws and regula- 
tions are observed. 

VIS-I-To'RI-AL, a. [from visitor ; written, improperly, 
visitatorial.] Belonging to a judicial visitor or superin- 
tendent. 

VI'SIVE, a. [from L. Pertaining to the power of 

seeing ; formed in the act of seeing. Brown. 

VISNE, (veen) n. [Norm.; L. Neighborhood, 

f VIS'NO-MV', n. [a barbarous contraction of physiognomy.] 
Face ; countenance. Spenser. 

VIS^OR, n. [Fr. visiere ; It. visiera ; from L. vistis, video ; 
written also visard, visar, viza7'd.] 1. A head-piece or 
mask used to disfigure and disguise. 2. A perforated part 
of a helmet. 

VIS'ORED, a. Wearing a visor ; masked ; disguised. 
VIS'TA, /?. [It., from L. visits.] A view or prospect through 
an avenue, as between rows of trees ; hence, the trees or 
other tilings that form the avenue. 

ViS'li-AL, (vizh'u-al) a. [Fr. visuel ; It. ?;isuaZe.] Pertain- 
ing to sight ; used in sight ; serving as the instrument of 
seeing. 

VrTAE, a. [L. vitalis.] 1. Pertaining to life, either ani- 
mal or vegetable. 2. Contributing to life ; necessary to 
life. 3. Containing life. 4. Being the seat of life ; being 
that on which life depends. 5. Very necessary ; highly 
important; essential. 6. So disposed as to live; [Z. w.] 
— Vital air, pure air or oxygen gas, which is essential to 
animal life. 

Vl-TAL'I-TY, n. [from vital.] 1. Power of subsisting in 
life ; the principle of animation, or of life. 2. The act 
of living; animation. 

V^i'TAL-lZE, V. t. To give life. Trans. Pausanias. 
Vl'TAL-LY, adv. I. In such a manner as to give life. 2. 
Essentially. 

Vl'TALS, n. pla. 1. Parts of animal bodies essential to life, 
such as the viscera. 2. The part essential to life, or to a 
sound state. 

VIT'l^lL-LA-RY, n. [L. vitellus.] The place where the yelk 
of an egg swims in the white. \Little used.] 

VF TI A'i’E, V. t. [L. vitio.] 1. To injure the substance or 
qualities of a thing, so as ^o impair or spoil its use and 
value. 2. I’o render defective ; to destroy, as the validi- 
ty or binding force cf an instrument or transaction. 

VP TIA-TED, />/?. Depraved; rendered impure; rendered 
defective and void. 

VI" riA-TING, pp/-. Depraving; rendering of no validity. 
VI-TI-A'TIUN, n. 1. 'Pile act of vitiating ; depravation ; cor- 
ruption. 2. A rendering invalid, 
f VIT-I-LI']"[-G1 ATE, V. i. [L. vitiosiis and litigo.] To con- 
tend in law litigiously or cavilously. 
t VrP-I-LlT-I-<xA'TlON, It. Cavilous litigation. Hudihras. 
VI"TI01JS, VP'TiOIJ:^-LY, VP'TIOUS-NESS. See Vi- 
cious and its derivatives. 

VIT'RE-0-E-LE€'TRI€/, a. Containing or exhibiting pos- 
itive electricity, or that which is excited by rubbing 
glass. 

Vi'P'RE-OUS, a. [E. vitreus.] 1. Pertaining to glass. 2. 

Consisting of glass. 3. Resembling glass. 
VIT'RE-OUS-NESS, n. The quality or state of being vitre- 
ous ; resemblance of glass. 

VI-TRES'CENCE, n. [L. vitrum.] Glassiness ; or the qual- 
ity of being capable of conversion into glass ; susceptibili- 
ty of being formed into glass. 

VI-TRE&'CENT, a. Capable of being funned into glass ; 
lending to become glass. 

VI-TRES'Cl-BLE, a. That can be vitrified. Encyc. 
VIT-Rl-FAC'TION, n. The act, process or operation of 
converting into glass by heat. 

VlT'Rl-Fl-A-BLE, a. Capable of being converted into 
glass bv heat and fusion, 
t VIT'RI-Fl-CA-BLE, for vitrijiahle. 
f V^IT'Rl-FI-CATE, for vitrify. Bacon, 

VIT-RI-FJ-Ca TION, n. Vitrifaction. 

VIT'Rl-FTED, pp. Converted into glass. 

Vn"RI-FORM, a. [L. vitrum, and form.] Having the form 
or resemblance of glass. Fuurcroy. 

VIT'RI-FY, V. t. [L. vitrum and facio.] To convert into 
glass by fusion or the action of heat. 

VIT'RI-Fy, V. i. To become glass ; to be converted into 
glass. Jirbulknot. 

VIT'RI-OL, a. [Fr. vitriol ; It. vitriuolo ; Sp. vitriolo.] 1. 
In mineralogy, native vitriol is a substance of a grayish or 
yellowish- white color,apple-green, or sky-blue, and,wheii 
decomposed, covered with an ochrey crust. — 2. In chem- 
istry, a combination of the acid of sulphur with any me- 
tallic substance. 

VIT'RI-O-LATE, v. t. To convert, as sulphur in any com- 
pound, into sulphuric acid, formerly called vitriolic acid. 
VIT'RI-O-LA-TED, pp. Converted into sulphuric acid or 
vitriol. 

VIT'RI-O-LA-TING, ppr. Turning into sulphuric acid or 
vitriol. 

VIT-RI-0-La'T10N, 71. The act or process of converting 
into sulphuric acid or vitriol. 


VIT-RI-OLTC, a. Pertaining to vitriol ; .having the quali- 
ties of vitriol, or obtained from vitriol. 

VI'l"Rl-OL-iZ-A-BLE, a. Capable of being converted into 
sulphuric acid. 

VIT-RI-OL-I-Za*TION. See ViT«ior.A.TioN. 

VIT'RI-OL-lZE. See Vitriolate. 

VIT'RI-OL-lZED. Sec Vitriolated. 

VI'P'RI-OL-iZ-ING. See Vitriolatino. 

VIT'U-LINE, a. [L. vitulinus.] Belonging to a calf, or to 
veal. 

I yi-'PCTER-A-BLE, a. Blameworthy; censurable. 

Vl-'Pu'PER-A'PE, ' 0 . t. [L. vitupero,] To blame; to cen- 
sure. [Little used.] 

VI-'PU-PER-a'TION, 71. [L. vituperatio.] Blame ; censure. 
^Little used.] 

Vi-Tu'PER-A-TiVE, a. Uttering or writing censure ; con- 
tainjng censure. Pope. 

VI-Va'CIOUS, a. [L. vivax.] 1. Lively; active; sprightly 
in temper or conduct. 2. Long-lived ; [obs.] 3. Having 
vigorous powers of life. 

Vi-Va'CIOUS-NESS, n. 1. Activity ; liveliness ; sprightli- 
ness of temper or behavior ; vivacity. 2. Power of liv- 
ing ; also, long life ; [obs.] 

Vl-VAC'l-'TY, a. [Fr. vivacite ; L. vivacitas.] 1. Liveli- 
ness ; sprightliness of temper or behavior. 2. Air of life 
and activity. 3. Life ; animation ; spirits. 4. Power if 
jiving ; [oZ/s.] 5. Longevity ; [oZ>s.] 

Vi'VA-RY, n. [L. vivarium .] A warren ; a place for keep- 
ing living animals, as a pond, a park, &c. 

Vi'VA Vo'CE, [L.] By word of mouth; as, to vote viva 
voce. 

t VIVE, a. [Fr. vif; L. vivu<s.] Lively; forcible. Bacon, 

t V jVE'LY, adv In a lively manner. 

f Vl'VEN-CY, 71. [li. 7jiye7i5, from vivo.] Manner of sup- 
porting life or vegetation. Brown. 

ViVES, n. A disease of animals, particularly of horses, 
seated in the glands under the ear. Cyc. 

Vi VA-AN-I'PE 11 . A pliosphate of iron, of various shades 
of blue and green. Phillips. 

VIV'ID, a. [L. 1. Lively; sprightly; active. 2. 

Lively ; sprigh'iy ; forming brilliant images, or painting 
in lively colors. 3. Bright; strong; exhibiting the ap- 
pearance of life or freshness. 

VIV'ID-LY, adv. 1. With life ; with strength. 2. With 
brightness ; in bright colors. 3. In glowing colors ; with 
animated exhibition to the mind. 

VIVTD-NESS, n. 1. Life; .strength; sprightliness. 2. 
Strength of coloring ; brightness. 

VI-VIF'IC, I a. [L. vivificus.] Giving life; reviving; 

VT-VIFT-CAL, \ enlivening. Bailey. 

VIV'I-FI-€ATE, V. t. [L. vivifico.] 1. To give life to; to 
animate. More. — 2. In chemistry, to recover from such a 
change of form as seems to destroy the essential quali- 
ties ; or to give to natural bodies new lustre, force and 
vigor. 

VIV-I-FI-€a'TION, n. 1. The act of giving life ; revival. 
— 2. A.mong chemists, tne act of giving new lustre, force 
and vigor. Cyc. 

VIV'I-F[-€a-TIVE, a. Able to animate or give life. 

VIV'I-FI^ED, pp. Revived ; endued with life. 

VIV'I-FY, V. t. [Fr. vivifier ; L. vivifico.] To endue with 
life ; to animate ; to make to be living. 

VIV'I-FY-ING, ppr. Enduing with life; communicating 
life to. 

VI-VIP'A-ROUS, a. [L. vivus and pario.] 1. Producing 
young in a living state, as all mammifers. — 2. In botany, 
producing its offspring alive, either by bulbs instead of 
seeds, or by the seeds themselves germinating on tlie 
p'ant, instead of falling. 

VIX'EN, n. [vixen is a she fox, or a fox’s cub.] A froward, 
turbulent, quarrelsome woman. Shak. 

VIX'EN-LY, a. Having the qualities of a vixen. Barrow. 

VIZ. A contraction of videlicet : to wit, that is, namely. 

VIZ'AUD, 71. A mask. See Visor. 

VIZ'ARD, V. t. To mask. 

'f' VIZ'IER, or Vl'ZER, n. [Ar.] The chief minister of the 
Turkish empire. 

V6'€A-BLE, 71. [L. vocabulum ; It. vocabolo.] A word ; a 
term ; a name. Asiat. Res. 

VO-€AB'U-LA-RY, n. [Fr. vocahulaire, from L. vocabu- 
lum.] A list or collection of the words of a language, ar- 
ranged in alphabetical order and explained ; a dictionary 
or lexicon. We often use vocabulary \n a sense somewhat 
different from that of dictionary, restricting the significa- 
tion to the list of w'ords ; as when we say, the vocabula- 
ry of Johnson is more full or extensive than that of En- 
tick. We rarely use the word as synonymous with 
dictionary ; but in the other countries the corresponding 
word is so used, and this may be so used in English. 

Vo'GAL, a. [Fr.; L. vocalis.] 1. Having a voice. 2. Ut- 
tered or modulated by the voice. — Vocal music, music 
made by the voice, in distinction from instrumental 
music . 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE;— BULL, UNITE.— € as K : G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 


VOL 


910 VOL 


V^'CAL, n. Airong the Romanists, a man who has a right 
to vote in certain elections. Cyc^ 

VO-CAL'I-TY, 71. [L. vocalitas,] duality of being uttera- 
ble by the voice. Holder. 

VcyCAL-TZE, t). t. To form into voice ; to make vocal. 

Vo'GAL-IZE.n, pp. Made vocal ; formed into voice. 

Vo'CAL-TZ-ENG, pp^. Forming into voice or sound. 

Vo'€AL-LY, ado. 1. With voice ,• with an audible sound. 
2. In words ; as, to express desires vocally. Hale. 

YO-Ga'TION, 71. [Fr.; L. oocatio.] 1. Among divines, a 
calling by the will of God ; or the bestownient of God’s 
distinguishing grace upon a person or nation, by which 
that person or nation is put in the way of salvation. 2. 
Summons ; call ; inducement. 3. Designation or desti- 
nation to a particular state or profession. 4. Employ- 
ment; calling; occupation; trade; a word that includes 
jirofessions as well as mechanical occupations. 

VO0'A-TiVE, a. [Fr. vocatif; L. vocations.] Relating to 
calling. 

VOe'A-TIVE, n. In grammar, the fifth case or state of 
nouns in the Latin language; or the casein any language, 
in which a word is placed when the person is addressed. 

VO-CfF'ER-ATE, r. 7. [h. vocifero.] To cry out with ve- 
hemence ; to exclaim, 

VO-CIF'ER-ATE, v. t. To utter with a loud voice. 

VO CIF'ER-A-TING, ppr. Crying out with vehemence; 
uttering with a loud voice. 

VO-CIF-ER a'TION, n. A violent outcry; vehement ut- 
terance of the voice, .^rbutknot. 

VO-CIF^ER-OUS, a. Making a loud outcry; clamorous; 
noisy. 

VoGUE, (vog) n. [Fr. vogue ; It. voga ; Sp. voga.] The 
way or fasliion of people at any particular time ; tempo- 
rary mode, custom or practice; popular reception for the 
time. 

VOICE, 77. [Fr, voix ; L. vox ; It. voce ; Sp. voz.] 1. Sound 
or audible noise nttered by the mouth. 2. Any sound 
made by the breath. 3. A vote; suffrage; opinion or 
choice expressed. 4. Language ; words ; expression. — 5. 
In Scripture, command ; precept. 6. Sound. 7. Lan- 
guage ; tone; mode of expression. — 8. In grammar, a 
particular mode of inflecting or conjugating verbs. 

VOICE, t;. t. 1. To rumor; to report ; [little used.] 2. To 
fit for producing the proper sounds ; to regulate the tone 
of. 3. To vote. 

t VOICE, V. i. To clamor ; to exclaim. Bacon. 

VOICED, pp. 1. Fitted to produce the proper tones. 2. a. 
Furnished with a voice. Denham. 

VOICE'LESS, (vois'les) a. Having no voice or vote. Coke. 

VOID, a. [Fr.vuide; It. veto ^ L. tndair.s.] 1. Empty; va- 
cant ; not occupied with any visible matter. 2. Empty ; 
without inhabitants or furniture. Gen. i. 3. Having no 
legal or binding force ; null ; not effectual to bind parties, 
or to convey or support a right ; not sufficient to produce 
its effect. 4. Free ; clear. 5. Destitute. 6. Unsupplied ; 
vacant ; unoccupied ; having no incumbent. 7. Unsub- 
stantial ; vain. — Void space, in vhysics, a vacuum. — 1. To 
make void, to violate ; to transgress. Ps. cxix. 2. To ren- 
der useless or of no effect. Roin. iv. 

VOID, 71. An empty space ; a vacuum. Pope. 

VOID, V. t. 1. To quit ; to leave. 2. To emit ; to send out ; 
to evacuate. 3. To vacate ; to annul ; to nullify ; to ren- 
der of no validity or effect. 4. To make or leave vacant. 

VOID, V. i. To be emitted or evacuated. Wiseman. 

VOID'A-BLE, a. J. That may be annulled or made void, 
or that may be adjudged void, invalid or of no force. 2. 
That may be evacuated. 

VOID'ANCE, 77. 1. The act of emptying. 2 The act of 
ejecting from a benefice; ejection. 3. Vacancy; want 
of an incumbent. 4. Evasion ; subterfuge. 

VOID'ED, pp. 1. Thrust out ; evacuated. — 2. a. In herald- 
ry, having the inner or middle part cut out, as an ordina- 
ry. Cyc. 

VOID'ER, 77. LA basket in whicli broken meat is carried 
from the table. 2. One who evacuates. 3. One who 
nullifies. — 4. In heraldry, one of the ordinaries, whose 
figure is much like that of the flanch or flasqtie. — 5. In 
agriculture, a provincial name of a kind of shallow bas- 
ket of open work. England. 

VOID'ING, ppr. 1. Ejecting; evacuating. 2. Making or 
declaring void, or of no force. 3. Quitting ; leaving. 
4. a. Receiving what is ejected. 

VOTD'NESS, 77. L Emptiness; vacuity; destitution. 2. 
Nullity ; inefficacy; want of binding force. 3. Want of 
substantiality. 

VOIT URE, V. [Fr.; It. vetturn.] Carriage. 

VOL-AL'KA-LI, n. Volatile alkali ; by contraction. Oeol. 

VoffjANT, a. [Fr.] 1. Flying; passing through the air. 
2. Nimble ; active. — 3. In heraldry, represented as flying 
or having the wings spread. 

VOIi'A-TiliE, a. [Fr. ; L. volatilis.] 1. Flying; passing 
throjigh the air on wings, or by the buoyant force of the 
atmosphere. 2. Having the power to fly. 3. I'apable of 
wasting away, or of easily passing into the aeriform state. 


4. Lively ; gay ; full of spirit ; airy ; hence, fickle ; apt 
to change. 

VOL'A-TILE, 71. A winged animal. [Little used.] Brown. 

VOL'A-TILE-NESS, ) n. [Fr. volatilite.] 1. Disposition to 

VOL-A-TIL'I-TY, exhale or evaporate; the quality 

of being capable of evaporation. 2. Great sprightliness ; 
levity ; liveliness ; whence, mutability of mind ; fickle- 
ness. 

VOL- A-TIL-I-Z action, n. The act or process of render- 
ing volatile, or rather of causing to rise and float in the 
air. 

VOL'A-TIL-iZE, V. t. [Fr. volatiliser .] To render vola- 
tile ; to cause to exhale or evaporate ; to cause to pass off 
in vapor or invisible effluvia, and to rise and float in the 
air. 

VOL'A-TIL-TZED, pp. Rendered volatile ; caused to rise 
and float in air. 

VOL'A-TIL-lZ-ING, ppr. Rendering volatile; causing to 
rise and float in air. 

V£)L-GAN'IC, a. 1. Pertaining to volcanoes. 2. Produced 
by a volcano. 3. Changed or affected by the lieat of a 
volcano. 

VOL'CA-NIST, 7i. 1. One versed in the history and phe- 
nomena of volcanoes. 2. One who believes in the ef- 
fects of eruptions of fire in the formation of mountains. 

VOL'CAN-ITE, 77. A mineral, otherwise called augite. 

VOL-CANH-TY, n. The state of being volcanic or* of vml- 
canic origin. 

VOL-CAN-I-Za'TION, 77. The process of undergoing vol- 
canic heat and being aflected by it. 

VOL'CAN-lZE, V. t. To subject to or cause to undergo 
volcanic heat and to be affected by its action. 

VOL'CAN-lZED, 7 ?p. Affected by volcanic heat. 

VOL-Ca'NO, 77. [It. from Vtdean.] J. In geology, an 
opening in the surface of the earth or in a mountain, "from 
which smoke, flames, stones, lava or other substances are 
ejected. It is vulgarly called a burning mountain. 2. 
I'he mountain that ejects fire, smoke, &c. 

VOLE, 77. [Fr.] A deal at cards that draws all the tricks. 

Vo'LER-Y, 77. [Fr. volerie.] 1. A flight of birds. 2. A 
large bird-cage, in which the birds have room to fly. Cyc. 

VOL-I-Ta'TION, 77. [L. volito.] The act of flying ; flight. 

VO-Li'TION, 77.. [Ij. vol it io.] 1. The act of willing; the 
act of determining choice, or forming a purpose. 2. The 
power of willing or determining. 

VOL'1-TiVE, a. Having the power to will. Hale. 

VOL'LEY, 77. ,* plu. Volleys. [Fr. ve/ec.] 1. A flight of 
shot ; the discharge of many small arms at once. 2. A 
burst or emission of many things at once. 

VOL'LEY, V. t. To discharge with a volley. 

VOL'LEY, V. i. To throw out or discharge at once. Shale. 

VOL'LEYED, a. [from volley.] Disploded ; discharged 
with a sudden burst. Milton. 

VoLT, 77. [Fr. volte', It. volta; L. vohitus.] 1. A round 
or circular tread; a gait of two treads, made by a horse 
going sideways round a centre. — 2. In fencing, a sudden 
movement or leap to avoid a thrust. — Volta, in Italian 
music, signifies that the part is to be repeated one, two 
or more times. 

VOL-Ta'I€, a. Pertaining to Volta, the discoverer of vol- 
taism ; as, the voltaic pile. 

VOL'TA-ISM, 77. [from Volta, an Italian.] That branch of 
electrical science, which has its source in the chemical ac- 
tion between metals and different liquids. It is more 
properly called galvanism, from Galvani, who first prov- 
ed or brought into notice its remarkable influence on an- 
imals. 

VO-Lu'BIL-ATE, ) a. In gardening, a voluhilate stem is 

VOL'U-BILE, [ one that climbs by winding or twin- 
ing round another body. 

VOL-U-BIL'I-TY, 77. [Fr. volubility ; L. volubilitas.] ]. 
The capacity of being rolled ; aptness to roll. 2. The act 
of rolling. 3. Ready motion of the tongue in speaking ; 
fli7ency of speech. 4. Mutability; liableness to revolu- 
tion. 

VOL'U-BLE, a. [L. volvbilis.] 1. Formed so as to roll with 
ease, or to be easily set in motion ; apt to roll. 2. Roll- 
ing ; having quick motion. 3. Nimble ; active ; moving 
with ease and smoothness in uttering words. 4. Fluent ; 
flowing with ease and smoothness. 5. Having fluency 
of speech. 

VOL'U-BLY, adv. In a rolling or fluent manner. Hubibras. 

^VOL'UME, 71. [Fr.; h. voltimen.] 1. Primarily, a roM, ns 
the ancients wrote on long strips of bark, parchment or 
other material, which they formed into rolls or folds. 2. 
A roll or turn ; as much as is inchided in a roll or coil. 
3. Dimensions ; compass ; space occupied. 4. A swelling 
or spherical body. 5. A book ; a collecti'n of sheets of 
paper, usually printed or written paper, folded and bound, 
or covered. — 6. In wtisic, the compass of a voice from 
grave to acute ; the tone or power of voice. 

VOL'UMED, a. Having the form of a volume or roll. 

VO-Lu'MlN-OUS, a. ]. Consisting of many coils or com- 
plications. 2. Consisting of many volumes or books. 3 


♦ See Synopsis. A, E, T, O, U, V, 


long.- 


-FAR, FALL, WHAT PllgY ;~PIN, 3IAR1NE, BIRD | Obsolete. 


YUL 


911 


VOR 

Having written much, or made many volumes. 4. Copi- 
ous; diffusive; [u6s.] 

VO-LO'MiN-OUS-LY, ado. In many volumes; very copi- 
ously. 

VO-Lu'M[N-OUS-NESS, n. State of being bulky or in 
many volumes. 

t VOL'U-MIST, 71. One who writes a volume ; an author. 
Milton. 

VOL'UN-TA-RI-LY, ado. Spontaneously; of one’s own 
will ; without being influenced or impelled by others. 

VOL'UiS-TA-K.l-x\ESS, n. The state of being voluntary 
or optional. 

VOL'LTN-TA-RY, a. [Pr. volontaire ,* L. voluntarius.] 1. 
Acting by choice or spontaneously ; acting without being 
influenced or impelled by another. 2. Free, or having 
power to act by choice ; not being under restraint. 3. 
Proceeding from choice or free will. 4. Willing; acting 
with willingness. 5. Done l>y design ; purposed ; in- 
tended. G. Done freely, or of choice ; proceeding from 
free will. 7. Acting of his own accord; spontaneous. 
8. Subject to the will. 

VOL'Ui\-TA-RY, 71. 1. One who engages in any affair of 
his own free will; a volunteer. — 2. In music^ a piece 
played by a musician extemporarily, according to his 
fancy. 3. A composition for the organ. 

VOL-UN-'J’EER', n. [Fr. volontaire.] A person who enters 
into military or other service of his own free will. 

VOL-IJN-TEER', a. Entering into service of free will. 

V'UL-UN-TEER', v. t. To offer or bestow voluntarily, or 
without solicitation or compulsion. 

VOI.-UN-TEER', V. i. To enter into any service of one’s 
free will, without solicitation or compulsion. 

VO-LUPT U-A-RY, n. [I.. voluptuarius.'] A man addicted 
to luxury or the gratification of the appetit3, and to other 
sensual pleasures. 

VO-LIJFI' U-OLIS, o. [Fr. voluptueux ; L. vohiptuosus.] 
Given to the enjoyments of luxury and pleasure; in- 
dulging to excess in sensual gratifications. 

VO--LfJP'r'U-OUS-LY, ado. Luxuriously ; with free indul- 
gence of sensual pleasures. 

VO-LUPT U-OUS-NESS, n. Luxuriousness ; addictedness 
to pleasure or sensual gratification. Donne. 

VOL-U-Ta'TION, 77. [L. volutatio.] A wallowing ; a roll- 
ing of the body on the earth. See Wallow. 

VO-LuTE', 77. volute •, It. volnta ; L. 7-olutus.] 1. In 
arc'd- e.-turej a kind of spiral scroll, used in the Ionic and 
Cojnposite capitals, of which it is a principal ornament. 
— 2. In natural htsUn'ij, a genus of shells. Say. 

VO-TiU'THON, 77. A spiral turn. 

VOL'U-TITE, 77. A iietrified shell of the genus valuta. 

VOI.WfG, a. Denoting a species of stone or lava. 

VOiU'lG, a. The vomic nut, mtx vo7tiica^ is the seed of the 
strycluuts ??uz vomica. Cyc. 

VOiMT-GA, 77. [L.] An encysted tumor on the lungs. 

VO.M'IT, V. i. [L. vot/io ; Fr. vo/nir ; It. votnirc.] To eject 
the contents of the stomach by the mouth. 

VOM IT, V. t. 1. To throw up or eject from the stomach ; 
to discharge from the stomach through the mouth. 2. To 
eject with violence from any hollow place. 

VOM' IT, 77. 1. The matter ejected from the stomach. 2. 
That which excites the stomach to discharge its con- 
tents ; an emetic. 

VOM'iT-ED, pp. Ejected from the stomach through the 
mouth, or from any deep place through an opening. 

VOM'IT-IXG, ppr. Discharging from the stomach through 
the mouth, or ejecting from any deep place. 

VOM'IT-ING, 77. 1. The act of ejecting the contents of the 
stomach through the mouth. 2. The act of throwing out 
substances with violence from a deep hollow, as a vol- 
cano, fee. 

VO-MI"TION, n. The act or power of vomiting. Grew. 

VOM [-TIVE, a. [Fr. vomitif.] Causing the ejection of 
matter from the stomach ; emetic. Brown. 

VOM'l-TO-RY, a. [L. vojnitorius.] Procuring vomits; 
causing to eject from the stomach ; emetic. 

VOM I-TO-RY, 77. 1. An emetic. Harvey. 2. A door. 
Gibbon. 

VO-Ra CIOUS, a. [Fr., It. vorace ; L. vorax.] 1. Greedy 
for eating ; ravenous ; very hungry. 2. Rapacious ; eager 
to devour. 3. Ready to swallow up. 

VO-R a'CIOUS-LY, ado. With greedy appetite ; raven- 
ously. 

VO-RX'CIOUS-NESS, 77. Greediness of appetite; raven- 
ousness ; eagerness to devour ; rapaciousness. 

VO-RAC'I-TY, 77. Greediness of appetite; voraciousness. 

VO-RAG'IN-OUS, a. [L. 7;cra^777C7S77s.] Full of gulfs. 
Scott. 

VOR'TEX, 77.; plu. Vortices or Vortexes. [L.] 1. A whirl- 
pool ; a whirling or circular motion of water, forming a 
kind of cavity in the centre of the circle. 2. A whirling 
of the air; a whirlwind. Cyc. — 3. In the Cartesian sys- 
tem, the circular motion originally impressed on the par- 
ticles of matter, carrying them around their own axes, 
and around a common centre. 


VOR^TI-CAL, a. Whirling ; turning. M'ewton. 

Vo'TA-RESS, 77. A female devoted to any service, worship 
or state of life. Cleuvela/td. 

Vo'TA-IUST, V. One devoted or given up to any person or 
thing, to any service, worship or pursuit. 

Vc)'TA-RY, a. [from L. V77«77 j.-.] Devoted: promised; con- 
secrated by a vow or promise ; consequei.t on a vow. 

Vo'TA-RY, 77. One devoted, consecrated or engaged by a 
Vow or promise ; lienee, 7nore generally, one devoted, 
given or addicted to some particular service, worship, 
study or state of life. 

VOTE, 77. [ft., Sp. voto ^ L. votum.] 1. Suffrage; the ex- 
pression of a wish, desire, will, preference or choice, in 
regard to any measure proposed, in which the person 
voting has an interest in common with othei-s. 2. That 
by which will or preference is expressed in elections, or 
in deciding propositions ; a ballot ; a ticket, &.c.; as, a 
written vote. 3. Expression of will by a majority ; legal 
decision by some expression of the minds of a number 
4. United voice in public jirayer. 

VOTE, V. i. To express or signify the mind, will or prefer- 
ence, in electing men to office, or in passing laws, regu- 
lations and the like, or in deciding on any proposition in 
which one has an interest with others. 

VOTE, V. t. 1. To choose by suffrage ; to elect hy some 
expression of will. 2. To enact or establish by vote or 
some exp-ession of will. 3. To grant by vote or expres- 
sion of will. 

VoT'ED, pp. Expressed by vote or suffrage. 

VoT'ER, 77. One who has a legal right to vote or give his 
suffrage. 

Vol’'IXG, ppr. Expressing the mind, will or preference in 
election, or in determining questions proposed. 

Vo^'l’lVE, a. [Fr. Z(7t7/; Ij. votivus.] Given by vow ; de- 
voted. 

VOUCH, t;. t. [Norm, voucher', L. voco.] 1. To call to 
witness ; to obtest. 2. 'I'o declare ; to affirm ; to attest ; 
to warrant; to maintain by affirmations. 3. To warrant ; 
to confirm ; to establish prooi. — In lajc, to call into 
court to warrant and defend, or to make good a warranty 
of title. 

VOU(HI, V. i. To bear witness ; to give testimony or full 
attestation. 

VOUCH, 77. Warrant; attestation. Shak. 

VOUCHED, pp. Called to witness ; affirmed or fully attest- 
ed ; called into court to make good a warranty. 

VOUCH-EE', 77. In law, the person who is vouched or call- 
ed into court to support or make good his warranty of ti- 
tle in the process of common recovery. 

VOUCH'ER, 77. ]. One who gives witness or full attesta- 
tion to any thing. — 2. In law, the act of calling in a jier- 
son to make good his warranty of title. 3. A book, paper 
or document which serves to vouch the truth of accounts, 
or to confirm and establish facts of any kind. 

VOUCH'ER, or VOUCH OR, v. In lato, the tenant in a 
writ of right; one who calls In another to establish his 
warranty of title. 

VOUCH'ING, ppr. Calling to witness ; attesting by affirm- 
ation ; calling in to maintain warranty of title. 

VOUCH-SaFE', V. t. [vouch and s«/c.] 1. To permit to 

be done without danger. 2. To c mdescend to grant. 

VOUCH-SaFE', V. i. To condescend ; to deign ; to yield. 

VOUCH-SaF'ED, (vouch-suft') pp. Granted in condescen- 
sion. 

VOUCH-SaFE'MENT, 77. Grant in condescension. 

VOUCH-SaF'ING, ppr. Condescending to grant; deign- 
ing. 

VOW, 77. [Fr. voeu i It. voto ; L. vot7im.] 1. A solemn 
promise made to God, or by a pagan to his deity. 2. A 
solemn promise. 

VOW, V. t. [Fr. vouer L. voveo.] 1. To give, consecrate 
or dedicate to God by a solemn promise. 2. To devote. 

VOW, V. i. To make vows or solemn promises. 

VOWED, pp. Solemnly promised to God ; given or conse- 
crated by solemn promise. 

VOWEL, 77. [L. vocalis ; Fr. voyelle ; It. vocaJe.] 1. In 
grammar, a simple sound ; a sound uttered by simply 
opening the mouth or organs ; as the sound of a, e, o. 2. 
The letter or character which represents a simple sound. 

VOW'EL, a. Pertaining to a vowel ; vocal. 

VOWELED, a. Furnished with vowels. 

VOW'ER, 77. One who makes a vow. 

VOW'-FEL-LoW, 77. One bound by the same vow. [Little 

7ised.] 

VOWING, ppr. Making a vow. 

VOY'AGE, 77. [Fr., from voie ; Eng. way ; Sax. 7oa>g, 7ner.] 
1. A passing by sea or water from one place, port or coun- 
try to another, esp3cially a passing or journey by water to 
a distant place or country. 2. The practice of traveling; 

Bacon. 

VOV^'AGE, V. i. To sail or pass by water. Pope. 

VOY'AGE, V. t. To travel ; to pass over. .Milton. 

VOY'A-GER, 77. One who sails or passes by sea or water. 

VUL'€AN-IST. See Volcanist. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH , TH as in this, f ObsoleU 


WAF 


912 WAG 


VUL-€A'NO. See Volcano. 

VUL'GAR, a. [Fr. vulgaire ; It. vulgare ; L. vitZ^^aris.] 
1. Pertaining to the common, unlettered people. 2. Used 
or practiced by common people. 3. Vernacular ; nation- 
al. 4. Common ; used by all classes of people. 5. Pub- 
lic. 6. Mean ; rustic ; rude ; low j unrefined. 7. Con- 
sisting of com..ion persons. 

VUL'GAR, n. The common people. 

VUL*GAR-ISM, n. 1. Grossness of manners ; vulgarity j 
[L u.] 2. A vulgar phrase or expression. 

VtlL-GAR'I-TY, n. 1. Mean condition in life; the state 
of the lower classes of society. 2. Grossness or clownish- 
ness of manners or language. 

VUL'GAP,-lZE, V. t. To make vulgar. Foster. 

VUL'GAR-LY, adv. 1. Commonly ; in the ordinary man- 
ner among the common people. 2. Meanly ; rudely ; 
clownishly. 

VUL'GATE, ti. A very ancient Latin version of the Scrip- 
tures, and the only one which the Romish church admits 
to be authentic. 


VUL'GATE, a. Pertaining to the old Latin version of the 
Scriptures. 

VLL'NER-A-BLE, a. [Fr. ; L. rwZncro.] 1. That maybe 
wounded ; susceptible of wounds or external injuries. 2. 
Liable to injury ; subject to be affected injuriously. 

VUL'NER- A-K Y, a. [Fr. vulntraire j L. vulneraHus.'\ 
Useful in healing wounds ; adapted to the cure of exter- 
nal injuries. 

VUL'NER-A-RY, n. Any plant, drug or composition, use- 
ful in the cure of wounds. 

I VUL'NER-ATE, v. t. [L. vulnero.] To wound ; to hurt. 

t VUL-NER-a'TION, n. The act of wounding. Pearson. 

VUL'PINE, a. [L. vulpinus.] Pertaining to the fox ; cun- 
ning ; crafty ; artful. 

VUL'PIN-ITE, n. [from Fulpinq.} A mineral. 

VULT'URE, I n. [L. vultur.] A genus of fowls, belonging 

VULT'UR, ) to the order of accipiters. 

VULT'UR-INE, a. [L. vulturimis.] Belonging to the vult- 
ure ; having the qualities of the vulture ; resembling the 
vulture ; rapacious. 


W. 


W is the twenty-third letter of the English Alphabet. It 
takes its written form and its name from the union 
of two V’s, this being the form of the Roman capital let- 
ter which we call U. W is, properly, a vowel, a simple 
sound, formed by opening the mouth with a close, circu- 
lar configuration of the lips. It is precisely the ou of the 
French, and the u of the Spaniards, Italians and Germans. 
With the other vowels it forms diphthongs, which are of 
easy pronunciation ; as in well, want, will, dwell, pro- 
nounced ooell, ooant, ooill, dooell. In English, it is al- 
ways followed by another vowel, except when followed 
by h, as in when. — W, at the end of words, is often silent 
after a and o, as in law, saw, low, sow. In many words 
of this kind, w represents the Saxon g ; in other cases, it 
helps to form a diphthong, as in now, vow, new, strew. 
WAB'BLE, V. i. [W. gwibiaw.] To move from one side to 
tile other ; to vacillate, as a turning or whirling body. 
WAGK'E, ) V. A rock nearly allied to basalt, of which it 
WACK'Y, \ may be regarded as a variety. 

WAD, V. [G. watte-, Dan. ^•a^.] 1. A little mass of some 

soft or flexible material, used for stopping the charge of 
powder in a gun. 2. A little mass, tuft or bundle, as of 
hay or peas. 

Wad, j n. In mineralogy , black 7vadd is a species of the 
WADD, I ore of manganese, of which there are four kinds. 
Vv AD'DED, a. Formed into a wad or mass. 

WAD' DING, n. [G. watte.] 1. A wad, or the materials 
for wads. 2. A kind of soft stuff of loose texture, used 
for stutfing garments. 

WAD'DLE, i. [h.vado jG.waten.] 1. To move one way 
and the other in walking ; to deviate to one side and the 
other ; to vacillate. 2. To walK with a waddling motion. 
WaD'DLING, ppr. Mc ving from side to side in walking. 
Wad DLING-LY, ado. With a vacillating gait. 

WADE, V. i. [Sw. vada ; D. waaden ; G. waten ; Dan. va- 
der.] 1. To walk through any substance that yields to 
the feet. 2. To move or pass with difficulty or labor. 
WADE, V. t. To pass by walking on the bottom. 
WaD'INQ, ppr. Walking through a substance that yields 
to the feet, as through water or sand. 

WAD'SETT, 71. An ancient tenure or lease of land in the 
Highlands of Scotland. Cyc. 

WAD'SETT-ER, n. One who holds by wadsett. 

WA'FER, 77. [D. jcafel G. waffel ; Dan. vaffel ; Fr. gauf- 
fre.] 1. A thin cake or leaft 2. A thin leaf of paste, 
usea in sealing letters. 

Wa'FER, V. t. To seal or close with a wafer. 

WAF'FLE, 77. [G. vaffed.] A thin cake baked on coals, in 
an iron instrument. 

■WAF'FLE-IR-ON, n. A utensil for making waffles. 
WAFT, 77. t. 1. To bear through a fluid or buoyant medi- 
um ; to convey through water or air. 2. To convey, as 
ships. 3. To buoy ; to cause to float ; to keep from sink- 
ing. 4. To beckon ; to give notice by something in mo- 
tion ; [obs.] 

WAFT, V. i. To float; to be moved or to pass in a buoyant 
medium. Vryden. 

WAFT, 77 . A floating body ; also, a signal displayed from a 
ship’s stern, by hoisting an ensign furled in a roll, to the 
head of the staff. 

■[WAFT'AGE, V. Conveyance or transportation through a 
buoyant medium, as air or water. Sha/c. 

WAFT'ED, pp. Borne or conveyed through air or water. 
WAFT'ER, 77. 1. He or that which wafts ; a passage-boat. 

2. The conductor of vessels at sea ; U7i old 7cord. 
WAFT'ING, ppr. Carrying through a buoyant medium. 


t WaFT'URE, 71. The act of waving. Shak. 

WAG, V. t. [Sax. 7cagia7i and wecgan ; G. bewegen ; D. 
beweegen ; G. wdgen ; Sw, vaga ; Dan. vajer.] To move 
one way and the other with quick turns ; to move a little 
way, and then turn the other way. 

WAG, V. i. 1. To be quick in ludicrous motion; to stir. 
2. To go ; to depart ; to pack off. 3. To be moved one 
way and the other. 

WAG, 77. [from the verb.] A droll ; a m.an full of low sport 
and humor; a ludicrous fellow. Dryden. 

WAGE, V. t. [G. wagen ; D. waagen ; Sw. vaga Fr. ga- 
ger, for guager.] 1. To lay ; to bet ; to throw down, as 
a pledge ; to stake ; to put at hazard on the event of a 
contest. 2. To venture ; to hazard. 3. To make ; to be- 
gin ; to carry on ; that is, to go forward or advance to at- 
tack, as in invasion or aggression ; used in the phrase, to 
wage 7oar, 4. To set to hire ; [oZ>5.] 5. To take to hire ; 

to hire for pay; to employ for wages; [oft.?.] — To 7cage 
one’s law, to give security to make one’s law. 

Waged, pp. Laid; deposited, as a pledge; made or be- 
gun, as war. 

Wa'GER, 77. 1. Something deposited, laid or hazarded on 
the event of a contest or some unsettled question ; a bet. 
2. Subject on which bets are laid. — 3. In law, an offer to 
make oath of innocence or non-indebtedness ; or the act 
of making oath, together with the oaths of eleven com- 
purgators, to fortify the defendant’s oath. — Wager of bat- 
tle is when the tenant in a writ of right offers to prov'e 
his right by the body of his champion, and, throwing 
down his glove as a gage or pledge, thus wages or stipu- 
lates battle with the champion of the demandant, who, 
by taking up the glove, accepts the challenge. 

Wa'GER, V. t. To lay ; to bet ; to hazard on the issue of a 
contest, or on some question that is to be decided, or on 
some casualty. 

Wa'GEB, V. i. To offer a wager. Shak. 

Wa'GERED, pp. Laid ; pledged, as a bet. 

Wa'GER-ER, 77. One who wagers or lays a bet. 

Wa'GER-ING, ppr. Laying; betting. 

Wa'GES, 77. [Fr. gage, gages.] 1. Hire; reward; that 
which is paid or stipulated for services, but chiefly for 
services by manual labor, or for military and naval ser- 
vices. We speak of servants’ wages, a laborer’s wages, 
or soldiers’ wages ; but we never apply the word to the 
rewards given to men in office, which are called fees or 
salary. 2. Reward ; fruit ; recompense ; that which is 
given or received in return. 

WAG'GEL, or WAG'EL, 77. A name given in Cormcall to 
the martinazzo, dung-hunter, or dung-bird, a species of 
larus or sea-gull ; (L. parasiticTis.) 

WAG'GER-Y, 77. [from 7oag.] Mischievous merriment; 
sportive trick or gayety ; sarcasm in good humor. 

WAG'GISH, a. 1. Mischievous in sport ; roguish in mer- 
riment or good humor ; frolicksome. L’Estrange. 2. 
Done, made or laid in waggery or for sport. 

WAG'GISH-LY, adv. In a waggish manner; in sport. 

WAG'GISH-NESS, 77. Mischievous sport; wanton merri- 
ment. 

WAG'GLE, V. i. [D. 7oaggelen ; G. wackehi ; L. vacillo.] 
To waddle ; to reel or move from side to side. L’Estrange. 

WAG'GLE, V. t. To move one way and the other. 

WAG'ON, 77. [D., G. 7cagen ; Sw. vag7i ; Sax. 7cwgn, ween.] 
1. A vehicle moved on four wheels, and usually drawn 
by horses ; used for the transportation of heavy commodi- 
ties. 2. A chariot ; [ofts.] 

WAG'ON, V. t. To transport in a w’agon. 


* See S 7 jnopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— | Obsolete. 


WAL 


WAK 913 


WAGGON, V. i. To practice the transportation of goods in a 
wagon. 

WAG'ON-AGE, n. Money paid for carriage in a wagon. 

WAG'ON-ER, n. 1. One who conducts a wagon. 2. A 
consteiiation, Charles’ wain. 

WAG'ON-ING, ppr. Transporting in a wagon. 

VVAG'OiV-ING, n. The business of transporting in a wagon. 

WAG'TaIL, w. a small bird, a species of motacilla. 

fWAID, a. Crushed. Shak. 

WaIF, ?/. [Norm, zee/, zee//’,* from waive.] Goods found, 
of which the owner is not known. 

WAIL, ZJ. i. [Ice. vcela ; It. guaiolare ; Gaelic, guilatriy or 
uailL] To lament; to moan ; to bewail. Pope. 

WaIL, V. i. To weep ; to express sorrow audibly. 

WaIL, 7J. Loud weeping; violent lamentation. 

WaIL'FUL, a. Sorrowful; mournful. Shak. 

WaILTNG, ppr. Lamenting with audible cries. 

WaIL^ING, n. Loud cries of sorrow ; deep lamentation. 

WaIL'MENT, n. Lamentation. Hacket. 

WAIN, n. [Sax. iccen ; W. gwain.] 1. A wagon; a car- 
riage for the transportation of goods on wheels. 2. A 
constellation, Charles’ wain. 

WAIN'AG_E, n. A finding of carriages. Ainsworth. 

WAIN'-BoTE, 71. Timber for wagons or carts. Eng. lazo. 

WAIN'-HOUSE, n. A house or shed for wagons and carts. 
\^Local.] Cyc. 

WAIN'-RoPE, n. A rope for binding a load on a wagon ; a 
cart-rope. Shak. 

* WAIN'SCOT, 71. [D. 2 Dagenschot.] In building, timber- 
work serving to line the walls of a room, being made in 
panels. 

* WAIN'SCOT, V. t. L To line with boards ; as, to loainscot 
a hall. 2. To line with different materials. Addison. 

^ WAIN'S€OT-ED, pp. Lined with boards or panels. 

* WA IN'SGOT-ING, ppr. Lining with boards. 

WAIR, 71. A piece of timber two yards long, and a foot 
broad. 

WAIST, 77,. [W. gicbisg.] 1. That part of the human body 
which is immediately below the ribs or thorax ; or the 
small part of the body between the tiiorax and hips. 2. 
That part of a ship which is between the quarter-deck and 
forecastle. 

WAIST'BAND, n. The band or upper part of. breeches, 
trowsers or pantaloons, which encompasses the waist. 

WAIST CLOTHS, n. Coverings of canvas or tarpauling 
for the hammocks, stowed on the gangways, between the 
quarter-deck and forecastle. 

WAlST'CoAT, 77. [waist and coat.] A short coat or gar- 
ment for men, extending no lower than the hips, and 
covering the waist ; a vest. 

WAIST'ER, 77. In ships, waisters are men who are station- 
ed in the waist in working the ship. Mar. Diet. 

WAIT, v.i. [Fv. guetter j it. guatare ; W. gweitiaw.] 1. 
To stay or rest in expectation ; to stop or remain station- 
ary, till the arrival of some person or event. 2. To stay 
proceedings, or suspend any business, in expectation of 
some person, event, or the arrival of some hour. 3. To 
rest in expectation and patience. 4. To stay ; not to de- 
part. 5. To stay ; to continue by reason of hinderance. 
6. To lie in ambush, as an enemy. — To wait on or upon, 
to attend, as a servant ; to perform menial services for. — To 
wait on. 1. To attend ; to go to see ; to visit on business 
or for ceremony. 2. To pay servile or submissive attend- 
ance. 3. To follow, as a consequence. 4. To look 
watchfully. 5. To attend to; to perform. 6. To be 
ready to serve; to obey. Ps.xxv. — To wait at, to at- 
tend in service; to perform service at. 1 Co?*, ix. — To 
wait for, to watch, as an enemy. Job xv. 

WAIT, V. t. 1. To stay for ; to rest or remain stationary in 
expectation of the arrival of. 2. To attend ; to accompa- 
ny with submission or respect. 3. To attend as a conse- 
quence of something ; [o6s.] 

WAIT, 71 . Ambush. — As a 7707777 , this word is used only in 
certain phrases. — To lie in wait, is to lie in ambush. — To 
lay wait, to set an ambush. Jer. ix. 

WAIT'ER, 77. 1. One who waits ; an attendant ; a servant 
in attendance. 2. A server; a vessel on which tea-furni- 
ture, &c., is carried. 

•WAIT'ING, ppr. Staying in expectation. 

WAIT'ING-MATD, ) n. An upper servant who attends 

WAITTNG-WOM-AN, i a lady. 

■[Waits, n. [(ioth. zerz/zts.] ]. Itinerant, nocturnal musi- 
cians. 2. Nocturnal musicians who attended great men. 

WAIVE, 77. A woman put out of the protection of the law. 
Cyc. 

WAIVE, V. t. To put off. See Wave. 

WAI'WODE, 77 . In the Turkish empire, the governor of a 
small province or town ; a general. Cyc. 

WAKE, V. i. [Goth, wakan ,* Sax. wcecan; G. wachen ,* D. 
waaken, wekken.] 1. To be awake ; to continue awake ; 
to watch ; not to sleep. 2. To be excited or roused from 
sleep ; to awake ; to be awakened. 3. To cease to sleep ; 
to awake. 4. To be quick ; to be alive or active. 5. To 
be excited from a torpid state ; to be put in motion. 


WAKE, V. t. 1 . To rouse from sleep. 2 . To arouse ; to 
excite ; to put in motion or action. 3. To bring to life 
again, as if from the sleep of death. 

WAKE, 77 . 1. The feast of the dedication of the church, 
formerly kept by watching all night. 2. Vigils; state of 
forbearing sleep. 3. Act of waking ; [old song.]— Wake 
of a ship, the track it leav*es in the water, formed by the 
meeting of the water. 

WAKE'FUL, a. 1. Not sleeping; indisposed to sleep. Dry- 
den. 2. Watchful ; vigilant. 

WaKE'F1;L-LY, adv. With watching or sleeplessness. 

WaKE'FUL-NESS, 77 . 1. Indisposition to sleep. 2. For- 
bearance of sleep ; want of sleep. Bacon. 

WA'KEN, (wa'kn) v. i. [This seems to be the Saxon infin- 
itive retained.] To wake ; to cease to sleep ; to be 
awakened. 

WA'KEN, (wa'kn) v. t. 1. To excite or rouse from sleep. 
2. To excite to action or motion. 3. To excite ; to pro- 
duce ; to rouse into action. 

WA'KENED, j}p. Roused from sleep ; excited into action. 

WA'KEN-ER, 71. One who rouses from sleep. Feltham. 

WA'KEN-ING, ppr. Rousing from sleep or stupidity. 

WA'KER, 77 . One who watclies ; one who rouses from sleep. 

WAKE'-ROB-IN, n. A plant of the genus arum. 

WAK'ING, 2 >p?*. L Being aw'ake ; not sleeping. 2. Rousing 
from sleep; exciting into motion or action. 

WAK'ING, 77 . 1. The period of being awake. 2. Watch; 
[oZ»5.] 

WALE, 77 . 1. In cloth, a ridge or streak rising above the 
rest. 2. A streak or stripe ; the mark of a rod or whip 
on animal flesh. — Wales of a ship, an assemblage of strong 
planks, extending along a ship’s sides throughout the 
whole length. 

WALE'-KNOT, or WALL'-KNOT, 77 . A single wale-knot 
is made by untwisting the ends of a rope, and making a 
bight with the first strand ; then passing the second over 
the end of the first, and tlie third over the end of the sec- 
ond, and through the bight of the first. 

WALK, (wauk) v. i. [Sax. 7vctilcan ; D. 7Dalkcn ; G. icalken; 
Sw. 7-alkare ,* Dan. valker.] 1. To move slowly on the 
feet; to step slowly along; to advance by steps moder- 
ately repeated, as animals. 2. To move or go on the feet 
for exercise or amusement. 3. To appear, as a spectre. 
4. To act on any occasion ; [o&s.] .5. To be in motion, 

as a clamorous tongue ; [ 0 & 5 .] 6. To act or rnov*e on tlie 

feet in sleep. 7. To range ; to be stirring ; [unusual.] 8. 
To move off; to depart; [not elegmit .] — 9. In Scripture, 
to live and act or behave ; to pursue a particular course of 
life. 

WALK, (wauk) v. t. 1. To pass through or upon. 2. To 
cause to walk or step slowly ; to lead, drive or ride with a 
slow pace. 

WALK, (wauk) n. 1. The act of walking ; the act of mov- 
iiig on the feet with a slow pace. 2. The act of walking 
for air or exercise. 3. Manner of walking ; gait; step. 
4. Length of way or circuit through which one v/alks ; or 
a place for walking. 5. An avenue set with trees. C. 
Way ; road ; range ; place of wandering. 7. Region ; 
space. 8. Course of life or pursuit. 9. The slowest pace 
of a horse, ox or other quadruped. 10. A fish. — 11. In 
the West Indies, a plantation of canes, &c. — A sheep- 
walk, so called, is high and dry land where slieep pasture. 

WALK'A-BLE, (wauk'a-bl) a. Fit to be walked on ; [Z. zz.] 

WALK'ER, (waiik'er) n. 1. One who walks. — 2. In our 
mother to7igue, a fuller. — 3. In law, a forest-officer ap- 
pointed to walk over a certain space for inspection ; a 
forester. 4. One who deports himself in a particular 
manner. 5. A fulling-mill ; [not in use, or local.] 

WALK'ING, (wauk'ing) ppr. Moving on the legs with a 
slow pace ; moving ; conducting one’s self. 

WALK'ING, (wauk'ing) n. The act of moving on the feet 
with a slow pace. 

WALK'ING-STaFF, ) 71. A staff or stick carried in the 

WALK'ING-STICK, ) hand for support or amusement 
ill walking. 

WALK'-MILL, (wauk'-mill) ??. A fulling-mill. [Local.] Cyc. 

WALL, 77 . [L. vaitum j Sax. weal; D. 7oal ; Russ, val ; 
W. gwal.] 1. A work or structure of stone, brick or 
other materials, raised to some height, and intended for a 
defense or security. 2. Walls, in the plural, is used for 
fortifications in general ; works for defense. 3. A de- 
fense : means of security or protection. 1 Sam. xxv. — To 
take me icall, to take the upper or most honorable place. 

WALL'-CREEP-ER, 77 . A small bird of the genus certhia. 

WALL'-CRESS, 77 . [zcaZZ and cres^.] A plant. 

WALL'-EyE, 77 . 1. A disease in the crystaline humor of 
tlie eye ; the glaucoma. — 2. In horses, an eye in which 
the iris is of a very light grey color. 

WALL'-EyED, a. Having white eyes. Johnson. 

WALL'-FLOW-ER, 77 . [wall and flower.] A plant of the 
genus cheiranthus ; a species of stock gillyflower. 

WALL'-FRuIT, 77 . [wall and fruit.] Fruit which, to be 
ripened, must be planted against a wall. 

WALL'-LOUSE, n. An insect or small bug. [L. cimex.] 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQOK, D6VE ;— BULL, UNITE.— C as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 

*58 


WAN 


914 


WAR 


WALL'-MOSS, n. A species of. moss growing on walls. 
WALL'-PEN-NY-W6RT, n. A plant of the genus cotyle- 
don. 

"WaLL'-PEP-PER, V. A plant of the genus sedum. 
WALL'-PiE,?n A plant, a species of asplenium. 
WALL'-RuE, n. An herb. Ainsworth. 

"WALL'-SID-ED, a. Having sides nearly perpendicular. 
WALL'-SPRING, 11 . A spring of water issuing from strat- 
iHed rocks. 

WALL'-WoRT, 11 . A plant, the dwarf-elder, or danewort. 
Wale, v. t. l. To inclose with a wall. 2. To defend by 
walls. 3. To fill up with a wall. 

Walled, pp. inclosed or fortified with a wall. 
WaLL'ER, 11 . One who builds walls in the country. 
WALL'ER-ITE, 71. A mineral, or variety of clay. 
WAL'LET, 7?. 1. A bag for carrying the necessaries for a 
journey or march ; a knapsack. 2. Any thing protube- 
rant and swagging. 

W ALLYING, ppr. Inclosing or fortifying with a wall. 
WALLTNG, n. Walls in general; materials for walls. 
WAL'LOP, v.i. [G. walleti i ^ax. wealan.] To boil with 
a continued bubbling or heaving and rolling of the liquor, 
witli noise. 

WAL'LOP-ING, ppr. Boiling with a heaving and noise. 

WAL'LoW, V. i. [Sax. wealwian ; Sw. valfca ; Goth, walu- 
gan. ; G. walzen.] 1. To roll one’s body on the earth, in 
mire, or on other substance ; to tumble and roll in water. 
2. To move heavily and clumsily. 3. To live in filth or 
gross yjce. 

IVAL'LoW, V. t. To roll one’s body. Jer. vi. 
tV'AL'LoW, 11 . A kind of rolling walk. 

WAL'LoW-ER, 11 . One that rolls in mire. 
VVAL'EoW-L\G, ppr. Polling the body on any thing. 

[ WAL'LoW-ISH, a. Filthy. Overbury. 

WAL^NUT, 11 . [D. iDolnoot ; Sax. walk and hniita.] A tree 
and its fruit, of the ge ims jaglarcs. 

WAL'RUS, 7t. [G, ?caZZ and 7'oss.] The morse or sea-horse, 

' an animal of the northern seas. 

A^AL'TllON, 11 . Another name of the walrus. Woodward. 
iVALTZ, n. [G. walzen.'] A modern dance and tune, the 
measure of whose music is triple ; three quavers i)i a bar. 
iVArvl RLE, -y. 7. [D. wemeleii j Dan. vamler.] To be dis- 
turbed with nausea; as, a wambling stomach; [vulgar.] 
L^Estrange. 

WAAPBLE-GROPPED, a. Sick at the stomach. [Vulgar.] 
WAM-PEE', 11 . A plant, a species of arum. 

WAMTUM, 11 . Shells or strings of shells, used by the 
American Indians as money or a medium of commerce. 

* WAN, a. [Sax. wan^ wann.] Pale ; having a sickly hue ; 

languid of look. Spenser. 
t WAN, for won ; pret. of win. 

WAND, 11 . [D. vaand.] 1. A small stick; a rod. 2. A 
stair of authority. 3. A rod used by conjurers or diviners. 

WAN'DER, y. i. [Sax. wandrian ; D. wandelen ; G. waii- 
dein.] 1. To rove ; to ramble here and there without any 
certain course or object in view. 2. To leave home; to 
depart ; to migrate. 3. To depart from the subject in dis- 
cussion. — I. In a moral sense, to stray ; to deviate ; to de- 
part from duty or rectitude. 5. To be delirious; not to 
be under the guidance of reason. 

WAN'DER, V. t. To travel over without a certain course. 
WAN'DER-ER, 77. A rambler; one that roves; one that 
deviates from duty. 

WAN'DER-ING, ppr. Roving; deviating from duty. 
WAN'DER-ING, 11 . 1. Peregrination; a traveling without 
a settled course. 2. Aberration; mistaken way; devia- 
tion from rectitude. 3. A roving of the mind or thoughts 
from the point or business in wliicii one ought to be en- 
gaged. 4. The roving of the mind in a dream. 5. I'he 
roving of the mind in delirium. G. Uncertainty; want 
of being fixed. 

WAN'DER-ING-LY, adv. In a wandering or Unsteady 
manner. 

WAN-DER-00', 71. A baboon of Ceylon and Malabar. 
WAND'Y, a. L(*ng and flexible, like a wand. Brockett. 

WANE, V. i. [Sax. waniaii.] 1. To be diminished ; to 
decrease; particularly applied to the illuminated part of 
the moon. 2. To decline ; to fail ; to sink. 

I WANE, v.t. To cause to decrease. B. Johnson. 

WANE, 11 . 1. Decrease of the illuminated part of the moon, 
to the eye of a spectator. 2. Decline ; failure ; diminu- 
tion ; decrease ; declension. 

Wy\NG, 11 . [Sax. waag, weng, wong.'] I. The jaw, jaw- 
bone or cheek-bone ; [little used.] 2. [Sax sceo-tkwang.] 
The latclietof a shoe ;*[y6.s.] 

WANG'-TOOTII, 77. Ajaw-iooth. Cyc. 
t WAN'TIoPE, 77. Want of hope. 

WAN'IIORN, 77. A plant of the genus kaempferia. 
WAN'ING, ppr. Decreasing; failing; declining. 

WAN KLE, a. Weak ; unstable; changeable; not to be 
depended upon. Grose. 

WAN'LY, adv. In a pale manner; palely. 

WANNED, a. Made wan or pale. Shak. 

WAiN'NESS, 11 . Paleness; a sallow, dead, pale color. 


WAN'NISH, a. Somewhat wan ; of a pale hue. Fairfax^ 

WANT, 11 . [Sax. wan, waniaa ; Goth, wan.] 1. Defi- 
ciency; defect; the absence of that which is neces- 
sary or useful. 2. Need ; necessity ; the effect of defi- 
ciency. 3. Poverty ; penury ; indigence. 4. The state 
of not having. 5. That which is not possessed, but is 
desired or necessary for use or pleasure. 6. A mole. 

WAN'P, V. t. 1. 'I'o be destitute; to be deficient in ; not to 
liave. 2. To be defective or deficient in. 3. To fall 
short ; not to contain or have. 4. To be without. 5. To 
need ; to have occasion for, as \iseful, proper or requisite. 
6. To wish for ; to desire. 

WANT, y. 7. 1. To be deficient; not to be sufficient. 2. 
To fail ; to be deficient ; to be lacking. 3. To be missed ; 
not to be present. 4. To fall short; to be lacking. 

WANT'AGE, 77. Deficiency ; that which is wanting. 

WANT'ED,pp. Needed; desired. 

WaNT'ING, PP7'. 1. Needing ; lacking; desiring. 2. a. 
Absent; deficient. 3. Slack; deficient. 

W’'ANT'LESS, a. Having no want ; abundant; fruitful. 

WAN^TON, a. [W. ^7ya/7ta77.j 1. Wandering or roving in 

gayety or sport ; sportive ; Irolicksome ; darting aside, or 
one way and the other. 2. Moving or flying loosely ; 
playing in the wind. 3. Wandering from moral rectitude ; 
licentious; dissolute; indulging in sensuakty without 
restraint. — 4. Jtlorc appropriately, deviating from the 
rules of chastity; lewd ; lustful; lascivious; libidinous. 

5. Disposed to unchastity ; indicating wantonness. Is. iii. 

6. Loose ; unrestrained ; running to excess. 7. Luxuriant; 
overgmwn. 8. Extravagant. 9. Not regular; not turned 
or formed with regularity. 

WAN'TON, 77. 1. A lewd person ; a lascivious man or 
woman. South. 2. A trifler ; an insignificant flulterer. 

3. A word of slight endearment ; [l.u.\ B. Johnson. 

WAN'TON, V. i. 1. To rove and ramble without restraint, 

rule or limit; to revel : to play loosely. 2. To ramble in 
levvdness ; to play lasciviously. 3. To move briskly and 
irregularly. 

t WAN'TON, V. t. To make wanton. Feltham. 

W’'AN'TON-ING, ppr. Roving ; flying loosely ; playing 
without lestraint ; indulging in licentiousness. 

f WAN'TON-IZE, r. i. To behave wantonly. 

W^AN'TON-LY, 77dy. Loosely; without regularity or re- 
straint ; sportively ; gayly ; playfully ; lasciviously. 

W^'AN'TON-NESS, n. 1. 8portiveness ; gayety ; frolick- 
someness ; waggery. 2. Licentiousness; negligence of 
restraint. 3. Lasciviousness ; lewdness. Pet. ii. 

WANTMYIT, 77. [want and irff.] One destitute of wit or 
sense ; a fool. [JVbt in much use.] Shak. 

WAN'TY, 77. [D. loaiit.] A broad strap of leather, used for 
binding a load upon the back of a beast. [Local.] Tusser. 

1VAP'A-€UT, 77. The spotted owl of Hudson’s bay. 

t W’^aPED, a. Dejected ; cast down ; crushed by misery. 

WAP'EN-TAKE, 1 n. [8ax. icwpcn-tac.] In some northern 

W’’AP'EN-TA€, ) counties of England, a division or dis- 
trict, answering to the hundred or cantred in other coun- 
ties. The name was first given to the meeting, black- 
stone. 

W^’APP, 77. In a s/i/p, the rope with which the shrouds are 
set taught in wale knots. Cyc. 

W’’AP'PE, 77. A species of cur, so called from his voice. 

WAPTER, 11 . A fish; a species of the river-gudgeon. 

WAPTER. See Whapper. 

War, 77. [Sax. war-, Fr. guerre; It., Sp., Port, guei'ra.] 
1.’ A contest between nations or states, carried on by force. 
When war is commenced by attacking a nation in peace, 
it is called an offensive war, and such attack is aggressive. 
When war is undertaken to repel invasion or the attacks 
of an enemy, it is called defensive. — 2. In poetical lan- 
guage, instmmeuts of war. — 3. Poetically, forces; army. 

4. The profession of arms ; art of war. 5. Hostility ; 
state of opposition or contest ; act of opposition. G. En- 
mity; disposition to contention. — Jdan of war, 'm naval 
affairs, a ship of large size. 

WAR, V. i. 1. fl’o make w’ar; to invade or attack a nation 
or state with force of arms ; to carry on hostilities ; or to 
be in a state of contest by violence. 2. To contend ; to 
strive violently ; to be in a state of opposition. 

WAR, V. t. 1. To make war upon ; [oZ;s.J 2. To carry on 
a contest. 

WAR'-BeAT, ) a. [tear and heat.] Worn down in 

WAR'-BeAT-EN, i war. J. Barlow. 

WAR'BLE, y. t. [G. wirbeln; Dan. AruVeZer.] 1. To qua- 
ver a sound or the voice ; to modulate with turns or va- 
riations. 2. To cause to quaver. 3. To utter musically ; 
to be modulated. 

WAR'BLE, 77. 7. ]. To be quavered or modulated. 2. To 
be uttered melodiously. 3. To sing. 

WAR'BLE, 77. A song. Gray. 

WAIi'BLED,pp. Q,uavered ; modulated ; uttered musically. 

WAR'BLER,77. 1. A singer; a songster ; used of birds. 2. 
The comino!! name of a genus of small birds. 

WAR'BLES, 77. In farriery, small, hard tumors on the backs 
of horses. 


* See Synopsis. 


A, E, 1, O, U, Y; 


Z077<T._ FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, aMARINE, BIRD j Obsolete. 


WAR 


915 


WAR 


WAR'BLTNG, ;>pr. 1. Quavering the voice; modulating 
notes ; singing. 2. a. Filled with musical notes. 
WAK'BLING, n. The act of shaking or modulating notes ; 
singing. 

Ward, in composUioji^ as in toward, homeward, is the Sax. 
iceard, from the root of L. vcrto, £cc. It corresponds to 
the L. versus. 

Ward, rj, [Sax. ?cca?*£?ia?t; Sw. varda ; T>a.n. vcerger. 
1 . To guard ; to keep in safety j to watch ; fobs.' 

To defend; to protect; 3. To fend off; 

to repel ; to turn aside any thing mischievous that ap- 
proaches. 

Ward, v. L l. To be vigilant ; to keep guard ; 2. 

'i’o act on the defensive with a weapon. 

W AiiO, lu 1 . Watch; act of guarding. 2. Garrison ; troops 
to defend a fort; [oi.-?.] 3. Guard made by a weapon 

in fencing. 4. A fortress ; a strong hold. 5. One wliose 
business js to guard, watch and defend ; as, a tire-wurd. 
G. A certain district, division or quarter of a town or city, 
committed to an alderman. 7. Custody ; confinement 
under guard. 8 . A minor or person under the care of a 
guardian. 9. The state of a cliild under a guardian. 10 . 
Guardianship; right over orphans. U. The division of 
a forest. 12. The division of a hospital. 13. The part 
of a lock which corresponds to its proper key. 

W’ARD'ED, pp. Guarded. 

WARD'EN, n. 1. A keeper; a guardian. 2. An officer 
who keeps or guards ; a keeper. 3. A large pear. — Ward- 
en of the Cinque Ports, in England, an officer or magistrate 
who iias the jurisdiction of a port or haven. — IVarden of 
a university is the master or president. 

WARD'ER, n. 1. A keeper: a guard. 2. A truncheon by 
which an officer of arms forbade fight. Shak . — Warders of 
the tower, officers who attend state prisoners. 
WARD'MOTE,«. [ward, and Sax. mote,'] in law, a court 
hdd in each ward in London. 

WARD'-ROBE, a. [ward u\.\& robe ^ Fr. garde-robeC\ ]. A 
room or apartment where clothes or wearing apparel is 
kept. 2. Wearing apparel in general. 

WARD -ROOM, n. [ward and room.'\ In a ship, a room 
over the gun-room, where the lieutenants and other prin- 
cipal officers sleep and mess. 

WARDfcjlllP, n. 1. Guardianship ; care and protection of a 
ward. 2. Right of guardianship. 3. Pupilage ; state of 
being under a guardian. 

WABD'-ISTaFF, n. A constable’s or watchman’s staff, 
t WARE, pj-et. of wear. It is now written icore. 
j WARE, a. [Sax. tear; Dan. veer. We never now use 
tcare, by itself. But we use it in aware , heumre, nmi in 
wary.'^ 1. Being in expectation of ; provided against. 2 
Tim. IV. 2. Wary ; cautious. Milton. 
t WARE, i. To take heed of. Dryden. 

WARE, V. t. ; pret. icore. To cause a ship to change her 
course from one board to tlie other, by turning her stern 
to the wind. 

WARE, n.; pin. Vv” ares. [Sax. ware ; D. waar ; G. rcaare ; 
Sw. vara; Dan. vare.] Goods; commodities; merchan- 
dise. — Sea ware, a marine plant, a species of fucus. Lee. 
WARE, V. t. To icare one’s money, i. e. to bestow it well, 
to lay it out in ware. Grose. 
t WARE'FUL, a. Wary ; watchful ; cautious. 

+ WARE'FiiL-NESS, 70 Weariness; cautiousness. 
WARE'lIOiJSE, 70 A storehouse for goods. Addison. 
WARE'IIOUSE, V. t. To deposit or secure in a ware- 
house. 

WARE'HOUSED, pp. Placed in a store for safe keeping. 
WARE'HOUS-ING, ppr. Ptepositing in a store for safe 
keeping. 

f WARE'LESS, a. 1. Unwary ; incautious. 2. Suffered 
unawares. 

t WARE'LY, ady. Cautiously. See Warily. 

WAR'FARE, 71. [war, and fare. Sax. faran.] 1. Military 
service ; military life ; war. 2. Contest ; struggle with 
spiritual enemies. 

WAR'FARE, v.i. To lead a military life; to carry on 
continual wars. [LiUle used.] Camden. 
f WAR'HA-BLE, a. [icar, and L. habilis.] Fit for war. 
Spenser. 

WAR'flOOP, n. [tear and hoop.] The savage yell of war ; 

a yell uttered on entering into battle. 

WA'RI-LY, adv. [from wary.] Cautiously; with timor- 
ous prudence or wise foresight. Hooker. 

WAR'IXE, 77 . A species of monkey of South America. 
WA'Rf-NESS, 77 . Caution; prudent care to foresee and 
guard against evil. 

WARK, 77 . Work; a building. Spenser. [It is obsolete, ex- 
cept in bulwark.] 

WAR'LIKE,a. 1. Fit for war ; disposed for war. 2. Mili- 
tary ; pertaining to war. 3. Having a martial appearance. 
4. Having the appearance of war. 

WAR'LTKE-NESS, 7 t. A warlike disposition or character. 
[ijittle used.] Sandys. 

•fWAR'LIXG, 77 . One often quarreled with ; a word coined 
perhaps to rhyme with darling. Camden. 


t WAR^LOCK, ) 71, [wwr-loga ; Ice. vard-lookr.] A Male 
t WAR'LUCK, ^ witch ; a wizard. Dryden. 

WARM, a. [Goth., 1)., G. warm; 8 ax. wearin; Sw., Ban. 
vurm.] 1 . Having heat in a moderate degree ; not cold. 
2. .Subject to heat ; having prevalence of heat, or little or 
no \Viiiter. 3. Zealous ; ardent. 4, Habitually ardent or 
passionate ; keen ; irritable. 5. Easily excited or })ro- 
yoked ; irritable. 6 . Violent; furious. 7. Busy in ac- 
tion ; Jieated in action ; ardent. 8 . Fanciful; enthusias- 
tic. 9. Vigorous; sprightly. 

WARM, V. t. [Sax. wearnuan; Goth, warmyan.] 1. To 
communicate a moderate degree of heat to. 2. To make 
engaged or earnest ; to interest ; to engage. 

WARM, V. i. 1. To become moderatefy heated. 2. To 
become ardent or animated. 

WARMED, 27 p. Moderately lieated ; made ardent ; excited. 
WARM'ING, ppr. Making moderately hot ; making ardent 
or zealous. 


WARMdXG-PAN, n. A covered pan with a long handle 
for warming a bed with ignited coals. 

WARM ING-STOXE, n. [warm and stone.] A stone dug in 
Cornwall, which retains iieat a great vviiile. 

WARM LY, «fZ 77 . 1. Vvfith gentle heat. Jrlilton. 2. Eagerly; 

earnestly ; ardently. 

WARMCNESS, 

WARIViTH, 


77 . J. Gentle heat. 2. Zeal; ardor; fer- 


vor. 3. Earnestness 


citement : animation. 


S. 


Fanciful ness 


s. 4. Ex- 
enthusiasm. — G. 


cagerne 


In painting, the fiery effect given to a red color by a small 
addition of yellow. 

WARX', V. t. [ 8 ax. warnian ; Sw. varna ; G. warren.] 1. 
To give notice of approaching or probable danger or evil, 
that it may be avoided ; to caution against any thing that 
may prove injurious. 2. To caution against evil [iractices. 
1 'Thess. V. 3. To admonish of any duty. 4. To inform 
previously ; to give notice to. 5. To notify by authority ; 
to summon. G. To ward off; [ci^.] 

WARNED, 77 / 7 , Cautioned against danger ; admonished of 
approaching evil ; notified. 

WARN'ER, II. An adinonislier. 

WARN'ING, ppr. Cautioning against danger; admonish- 
ing ; giving notice to ; summoning to meet or appear. 

WARN'ING, 77. 1 . Caution against danger, or against faults 
or evil practices wiiich incur danger. 2. Previous notice. 

WAR'-OF-FlCE, 77 . An olfice in wh.ich the military afiairs 
of a country are superintended and managed. 

WARP, 77. [ 8 ax. wearp ; D. werp.] 1. In mannfactxircs, the 
threads which are extended lengthwise in the loom, and 
crossed by the woof. — 2. In a ship, a rope employed in 


towing 


or 


removing 


a ship or boat ; a towiiig- 
In agricxdture, a slimy substance deposited oil 
marine tides, by which a rich alluvial soil is 
[local..] Cyc . — 1. In co ?f 5 , a miscarriage ; [local.] 

G. irerfen ; 


drawing 
line. — 3. 
land by 
formed ; 

WARP, V. i. [irfax. weorpan, wurpan, wyrpan ; 

D. werpen.] 1. To turn, twist or be twisted out of a straight, 
direction. 2. To turn or incline from a straight, true or 
proper course ; to deviate. 3. To fly with a bending or 
waving motion ; to turn and wave, like a flock of birds or 
insects. 4. To slink ; to cast the young prematurely ; as 
cows ; [local.] 

Wx^lP, C 1. To turn or twist out of shape, or out of a 
stVaigiit direction, by contraction. 2 . To turn aside from 
the true direction ; to cause to bend or incline ; to pervert. 
— 3. In seamen’s language, to tow or move with a line or 
warp, attached to buoys, to anchors or to otlier ships, k.c. 
by which means a ship is drawn, usually in a bending 
course or with various turns. — 4. In rural ecovomy, to cast 
the young prematurely ; [local.] — 5. In agriculture, to 
iindate, as land, with sea- water ; or to let in the tide, for 
the purpose of fertilizing tiie ground by a deposit of warp 
or slimy substance ; [local ; E:ng.] — G. In rope-mu king, to 
run the yarn off the winches intoTiaiils to be tarred. — To 
warp icatcr, in Shakspeorc, is forced and unusual. 

WARPED, 7777 . Twisted by shrinking or seasoning; per- 
verted ; moved with a warp ; overflowed. 

WiVRP'ING, ppr. Turning or.twMsting ; causing to incline; 
perverting ; moving with a warp ; enriching by overflow'- 
ing wMth tide-water. 

WARP'ING-BANK, 77. A bank or mound of earth raised 
round a field for retaining the w^ater let in from the sea. 
[Local.] Cyc. 

n. A flood-gate to let in tide-water 
upon land. [Local.] 


W ARP'I NG-€I,OUG II, 

WARP'ING-HATCH, 

WARP'ING-SLUICE, 

WARP'ING-€UT, 

WARPRNG-DRaIN, \ 

WARP'iNG-GUT-TER, ) 

WARP'lNG-nOOK, 77. A 
liamring the vain on, wiien w^arping into hauls for tarring. 
WARP'ING-P'oST, 77. A strong post used in warping rope- 


77 . An open passage or channel 
for discharging the water from 
lands inundated. [Local.] 
hook used by rope-makers for 


yarn. 

WAR'PROOF, 77 . [war and proof.] Valor tried by war. 
WAR'RANT, V. t. [Gaelic, barantas, baranta ; W. gwaran- 
tu, gwarant ; Norm, garranty ; Fr. garantir.] 1. To au- 
thorize ; to give authority or pow'er to do or forbear any 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DoVE ; — BULL, UNITE. — Gas K 


G as J 


S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete- 


WAS 


916 WAS 


thing, by which the person authorized is secured or saved 
harmless from any loss or damage by the act. 2. To main- 
tain j to support by authority or proof. 3. To justify. 
4. To secure ; to exempt j to privilege. 5. To declare 
with assurance. — 6. In Law, to secure to a grantee an 
estate granted ; to assure. 7. To secure to a purcnaser of 
goods the title to the same ; or to indemnify him against 
loss. 8. To secure to a purchaser the good quality of the 
goods sold ; see VV'^arranty. 9. To assure that a thing is 
what it appears to be, which implies a covenant to make 
good any defect or loss incurred by it. 

VVaH'RANT, n. 1. An act, instrument or obligation, by 
which one person authorizes another to do something 
which he has not otherwise a right to do; an act or in- 
strument investing one with a right or authority. 2. A 
precept authorizing an officer to seize an offender and 
l)ring him to justice. 3. Authority; power that autlior- 
izes or justifies any act. 4. A commission that gives au- 
thority, or that justifies. 5. A voucher; that which 
attests or proves. 6. Right; legality; [o6s.] 7. A writ- 
ing which authorizes a person to receive money or other 
thing. 

WAR'RANT-A-BLE, a. Authorized by commission, pre- 
cept or right ; justifiable ; defensible. 

VVAR'RAiM’-A-i>LE-NE8S, n. The quality of being justi- 
fiable. Sidney. 

VVAK'RAi\T-A-BLY, adv. In a manner that may be justi- 
fied ; justifiably. Wake. 

VVAR'RA.\T-ED, pp. Authorized ; justified ; secured ; as- 
sured by covenant or by implied obligation. 

WAR-RAN-TEE', n. The person to whom land or other 
tiling is warranted. Ch. Juatice Parsons. 

WAR'RANT-ER, a. 1. One who gives authority, or legally 
empowers. 2. One who assures, or covenants to assure ; 
one who contracts to secure another in a right, or to make 
good any defect of title or quality. 

WAR'RANT-ING, ppi*. 1. Authorizing ; empowering. 2. 
Assuring; securing to another a right, or covenanting to 
make good a defect of title in lands, or of quality in 
goods. 

t WAR'RAN-TlSE, n. Authority; security. Shak. 

WAR'RANT-OR, n. One who warrants. 

WAR'RAN-TY, n. 1. In law, a promise or covenant by 
deed, made by the bargainer for himself and his heirs, to 
warrant or secure the bargainee and his heirs against all 
men in the enjoyment of an estate or other thing granted. 
2. Authority ; justificatory mandate or precept. 3. fc'e- 
curity. 

WAR'RAN-TY, v. t. To warrant; to guaranty. 

t WAR-RaY', V. t. [Fr. ffiierroyer.] To make war upon. 

t WAR RE, a. [Sax. lecerra, for wwrsa.] Worse. Spenser; 

WAR'REN, n. [Fr. garenne ; D. waarandc.] 1. A piece of 
ground appropriated to the breeding and preservation of 
rabbits. — 2. In law, a franchise or place privileged by pre- 
scri})tion or grant from the king, for keeping beasts and 
fowls. 3. A place for keeping fish in a river. 

WAR'REN-ER, n. The keeper of a warren. Johnson. 

WAR'R[-AN-GLE, n. A hawk. Ainsicorth. 

* WAR'RIOR, 91. [from war; Fr. giierricr ; It. gncrriere.] 
1. in a general sense, a soldier; a man engaged in mili- 
tary life. — 2. Emphatically, a brave man ; a good sol- 
dier. 

WAR'RIOR-ESS, n. A female warrior. Spenser. 

Wart, n. [Sax. 2 D earl ; D. wrat ; G. 2 carze ; Sw. varta.] 

1. ' A hard excrescence on the skin of animals, which is 
covered with the production of the cuticle. 2. A protu- 
berance on trees. 

WART'ED, a. In botany, having little knobs on the surface ; 
verrucose; as, a loartet/ capsule. JMartyn. 

WART' WORT, n. A plant of the genus euphorbia. 

WAR'f'Y, a. 1. Having warts; full of warts; overgrown 
with warts. 2. Of the nature of warts. 

WAR'-WoRN, a. Worn with military service. 

WA'RY, a, [Sax. wcer ; Ice. var.] Cautious of danger; 
carefully watching and guarding against deception, arti- 
fices and dangers; scrupulous; timorously prudent. 

WAS, the past tc 2 isc of the substantive verb; Sax., Goth. 
wesan ; L. esse, for vesse, to be, to exist ; whence Eng. is, 
in the present tense, and icas in the past ; as, I icas. 

WASE, n. A wreath of straw or cloth upon the head to re- 
lieve the pressure of burdens. Cooper. 

WASH, 99. t. [Sax. wcescan ; G. waschen ; D. 2Dasschen.1 1. 
To cleanse by ablution, or by rubbing in water. 2. To 
wet ; to fall on and moisten. 3. To overflow. 4. To 
overflow or dash against ; to cover with water. 5. To 
scrub in water. C. To separate extraneous matter from. 
— 7. In painting, to lay a color over any work with a 
pencil, to give it the proper tints, and make it appear more 
natural. 8. To rub over with some liquid substance. 9. 
To squeeze and cleanse in water. 10. To cleanse by a 
current of water. 11. T'o overlay with a thin coat" of 
metal. 12. To purify from the pollution of sin. 

Wash, v . /. l. 7’o perform the act of ablution. 2 Kings v. 

2. To perform the business of cleansing clothes in water ; 


to rinse printed calicoes, to dissolve and remove the gum 
and paste. 

WASH, n. 1. Alluvial matter; substances collected and 
deposited by water. 2. A bog ; a marsh ; a fen. 3. A 
cosmetic. 4. A lotion ; a medical liquid preparation for 
external application. 5. A superficial stain or color. G. 
Waste liquor of a kitchen for hogs. 7. The act of wash- 
ing the clothes of a family ; or the whole quantity washed 
at once. — 8. With distillers, the fermentable liquor made 
by dissolving the proper subject for fermentation and dis- 
tillation in common water. 9. The shallow part of a river, 
or arm of the sea. 10. The blade of an oar ; the thin part, 
which enters the water, and by whose impulse the boat is 
moved. 11. The color laid on a picture to vary its tints. 
12. A substance laid on boards or other work for beauty 
or preservation. 13. A thin coat of metal. 14. In the W. 
Indies, a mixture of dunder, molasses, water and scum- 
mings, for distillation. 

Wash, a. Weak; washy. Beaumont and Fletcher. 

WASH'-BALL, n. [wash and ball.'] A ball of soap, to be 
used in \vashing the hands or face. 

WASH'-BoARD, n. 1. A broad, thin plank, fixed occasion- 
ally on the top of a boat or other small vessel’s side, to 
prevent the sea from breaking over ; also, a piece of plank 
on the sill of a lower deck port for the same purpose. 2. 
A board in a room next to the floor. 

WASHED, pp. 1. Cleansed in water ; purified. 2. Over- 
flowed ; dashed against with water. 3. Covered over 
with a thin coat, as of metal. 

WASH'ER, n. 1. One who washes. 2. An iron ring be- 
tween the nave of a wheel and the linch-pin. 

WASH'ER-WOM-AN, 21 . A woman that washes clothes 
for others or for hire. 

WASH'ING, ppr. Cleansing with water; purifying; over- 
flowing ; overspreading. 

WASH'ING, n. 1. The act of cleansing with water; ablu- 
tion. Heb. ix. 2. A wash ; or the clothes washed. 

WaSH'ING-MA-CHiNE', ?/. A machine used in washing. 

WASH'-POT, 91 . A vessel in which any thing is washed. 
Cowley. 

WASH'-STAND, v. A small table or frame on which a 
vessel is placed to be used in washing the liands or face. 

WASH'-TUB, 99. A tub in whicli clothes are washed. 

WASH'Y, a. 1. Watery; damp; soft. 2. Weak ; not solid. 
3, Weak ; not firm or liardy ; liable to sw’eat profusely 
with labor. ATeio England. 

* WASP, 99. [Sax. wcBsp, or weeps ; D. 2 cesp ; G. zeespe ; L, 
vespa.] In entomology, a genus of stinging insects. 

WASP'-FLy, 71. A species of fly resembling a wasp. 

WASP'ISH, a. Snappish; ])etulant ; irritable ; irascible j 
quick to resent any trifling aflront. Pope. 

WASP'ISH-LY, adv. Petulantly ; in a snappish manner. 

WASP'ISH-NESS, 99. Petulance; irascibility; snappish- 
riess. 

WAS'SAIL, (w’os'sef) 21 . [Sax. wces-hcel.] 1. A liquor made 
of apples, sugar and ale, formerly much used by English 
good fellows. 2. A druMken bout. 3. A merry song. 

WAS'SAIL, v._i. To hold a merry, drinking meeting. 

WAS'SAfL-BoWL, v. A bowl for holding wassail. 

WAS'SAIL-CUP, 99 . A cup in which wassail was carried to 
the company. Cyc. 

WAS'SAIL-ER, 99. A toper; a drunkard. Milto 2 i. 

WAST, past tense of the substantive verb, in the second 
person ; as, thou wast. 

Waste, v.t. [Sax. westa 2 i, aicestan ; G. ver 2 cvsten: D. 

! ve 2 - 2 voesten ; L. vasto.] J To diminish by gradual dissipa- 

i tion or loss. 2. To cau:-e to be lost ; to destroy by scat- 

tering or by injury. 3. To expend w’ithout necessity or 
use ; to destroy wantonly or luxuriously ; to squander ; to 
cause to be lost through wantonness or negligence. 4. 3’o 
destroy in enmity ; to desolate. 5. To suffer to be lost 
unnecessarily ; or to throw away. 6. To destroy by vio- 
lence. 7. I'o impair strength gradually. 8. To lose in 
idleness or misery ; to wear out. 9. To spend ; to con- 
sume. — 10. In lu 2 D, to damage, impair or injure, as an 
estate, voluntarily, or by suffering the buildings, fences, 
&c. to go to decay. 11. To exhaust ; to be consumed by 
time or mortality. 12. To scatter and lose for want of 
use or of occupiers. 

Waste, v.i. l. To dwindle; to be diminished; to lose 
bulk or sjibstance gradually. 2. To be diminished or lost 
by slow dissipation, consumption or evaporation. 3. To 
be consumed by time or mortality. 

Waste, 99 . l. Destroyed ; ruined. 2. Desolate ; unculti- 
vated. 3. Destitute ; stripped ; as, lands laid 2 Voste. — 4. 
Superfluous ; lost for want of occupiers. 5. Worthless ; 
that which is rejected, or used only for mean purposes. 
G. That of which no account is taken, or of which no 
value is found ; as, waste paper. 7. Uncultivated ; un- 
tilled ; unproductive. — Laid 2 caste, desolated ; ruined. 

WASTE, 79 . 1. The act of squandering; the dissipation of 
property through wan ton ness, ambition, extravagance, 
luxury or negligence. 2. Consumption; loss; useless ex- 
pense ; any loss or destruction which is neither necessary 


See Sijnopsis. A, E, I, o, U, Y, long FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


WAT 


917 


WAT 


nor promotive of a good end. 3 . A desolate or unculti- 
vated country. 4 . Land n milled, though capable of til- 
lage. 5 . Ground, space or place unoccupied. 6. Region 
ruined and deserted. 7 . Mischief j destruction. — b. in 
law^ spoil, destruction or injury done^to houses, woods, 
fences, lands, &c., by a tenant for life or for years, to the 
prejudice of the heir, or of him in reversion or remainder. 

WasST'LD, yp. 1 . Expended without necessity or use ; lost 
through negligence 3 squandered. 2 . Diminished 3 dissi- 
pated 3 evaporated 3 exhausted. 3 . Desolated 3 ruined 3 
destroyed. 

WaSTE'FUL, a. 1 . Lavish ; prodigal 3 expending proper- 
ty, or that which is valuable, without necessity or use. 
2 . Destructive to property 3 ruinous. 3 . Desolate 3 unoc- 
cupied 3 unthled 3 uncultivated. 

Wa&TE'FIJL-LY, a</y. In a lavish manner 3 with prodi- 
gality 3 in useless expenses or consumption. Dryden. 

W Arf'l'E'FIJL-JS'ESS, n. Lavishness 5 prodigality 3 the act 
or practice of expending what is valuable without neces- 
sity or use. 

Wa&TE'-GATE, n. A gate to let the water of a pond pass 
off when it is not wanted. Cyc. 

WAS'TEL, 11. A particular sort of bread 3 fine bread. 

WaSTE'NESS, n. A desolate state; solitude. 

WaST'ER, V. 1. One who is prodigal ; one who squanders 
property 3 one who consumes extravagantly or without 
use. 2 . A kind of cudgel. 

WaSTE'THRIFT, 71 . [icaate and thrift.'] A spendthrift. 

VVaSTE'-Wi-ER, 7j. An overfall or wier fur the super- 
fluous water of a canal. Cyc. 

Waiting, pp/-. 1. Lavishing prodigally; expending or 
consuming without use ; diminishing by slow dissipation ; 
desolating ; laying waste. 2 . a. Diminishing by dissipa- 
tion or by great destruction. 

WacST REL, 7 t. A state of waste or common. [Local.] 

WaST'REL, ) 71 . Waste substances ; any thing cast 

WaST'O-REL, \ away as bad. [Local.] Cyc. 

VVAl'CH, n. [bax. wcecca ; Sw. vacht, or oaht, vachta ; Dan. 
vaat.] 1. Forbearance of sleep. 2 . Attendance without 
sleep. 3 . Attention; close observation. 4 . Guard 3 vigi- 
lance for keeping or protecting against danger. 5 . A 
watchman, or watchmen ; men set for a guard, either one 
person or more, set to espy the approach of an enemy or 
other danger, and to give an alarm or notice of such dan- 
ger 3 a sentinel 3 a guard. 0 . The place wfliere a guard is 
kept. 7 . Post or office of a watchman. 8. A period of 
the night, in which one person or one set of persons stand 
as sentinels 3 or the time from one relief of sentinels to 
another. 9 . A small time-piece or chronometer, to be 
carried in the pocket or about the person, in which the 
machinery is moved by a spring. — 10 . At sc«, the space 
of time during which one set or division of the crew re- 
main on deck to perform the necessary duties. This is 
different in different nations. — To be on the watch, to he 
looking steadily for some event. 

WATCH, V. i. [!sax. wacian, wcecan ^ G. xcachen.] 1 . To be 
awake 3 to be or continue without sleep. 2. 'I'o be atten- 
tive ; to look with attention or steadiness. 3 . 'I’o look 
with expectation. 4 . To keep guard 3 to act as sentinel 3 
to look for danger. 5 . To be attentive 3 to be vigilant in 
preparation for an event or trial, the time of whose arrival 
is uncertain. 6. To be insidiously attentive 3 as, to watch 
for an opportunity to injure another. 7 . To attend on the 
sick during the night. — To watch over, to be cautiously 
observant of. 

WATCH, V. t. 1 . To guard 3 to have in keeping. 2 . To 
observe in ambush ; to lie in wait for. 3 . To tend ; to 
guard. 4 . To observe in order to detect or prevent, or for 
some particular purpose. 

WATCHED, pp. Guarded; observed w'ith steady vigilance. 

WATCH'ER, n. 1 . One who sits up or continues awake; 
particularly, one who attends upon the sick during the 
night. 2 . A diligent observer ; [o/>s.] 

t WATCH'ET, a. [Sax. Pale or light blue. Drrjden. 

WATCH'FIJL, fl. Vigilant; attentive 3 careful to observe 3 
observant ; cautious. 

WATCH'FUL-LY, flrfy. Vigilantly 3 heedfully 3 with care- 
ful observation of the approach of evil, or attention to 
duty. 

WATCH'FUL-NESS, 71 . 1 . Vigilance ; heedfulness ; heed 3 
suspicious attention ; careful and diligent observation. 
2 . Wakefulness 3 indisposition or inability to sleep. 

WATCfl'-GLASS, n. 1 . In ships, a half-hour glass, used to 
meastire the time of a watch on deck. 2 . A concavo-con- 
vex glass for covering the face or dial of a watch. 

WATCH'-HOUSE, n. [watch and house.] A house in which 
a watch or guard is placed. Oay. 

WATCH'ING, ppr. Being awake 3 guarding; attending the 
sick ; carefully observing. 

WATCH'ING, XI. Wakefulness ; inability to sleep. 

WATCH'-LTGHT, 71 . A candle with a rush wick. .Sddison. 

WATCH'Ma-KER, 7?. [xcatch and maker.] One whose oc- 
cupation is to make and repair watches. 

WATCH'MAN, n. A sentinel 3 a guard. Swift. 


WATCH'TOW-ER, 77. A tower on which a sentinel is 
placed to \vatch for enemies or the approach of danger. 

WATCH'WoRD, 77. The word given to sentinels, and to 
such as have occasion to visit the guards, used as a signal 
by which a friend is known from an enemy, or a person 
who has a right to pass the watch, from one who has 
not. 

WA'TER, 77. [Sax. werter, wws ; D. water; G. tcasser ; 
Dan. rater; Sw. ratten; Goth, zcato.] 1. A fluid, the 
most abundant and most necessary for living beings of 
any in nature, except air. Water, when pure, is colorless, 
destitute of taste and smell, ponderous, transiiarent, and 
in a very small degree compressible. 2 . The ocean 3 a 
sea 3 a lake 3 a river 3 any great collection of water 3 as in 
the phrase, to go by water. 3 . Lrine. 4 . 'Ihe color or 
lustre of a diamond or pearl, sometimes perhaps of other 
precious stones; as, a diamond of the first xcater, that is,, 
perfectly pure and transparent. 5 . Hater is a name given 
to several liquid substances or humors in animal bod.es. — 
7 'e hold xoater, to be sound or tight 3 [obsvLtte'cr mi gar.] 

WA'TER-BEaR'ER, 7.‘. [7e<7tf7*and bearer.] \w astro uomxj, 
a sign of the zodiac, called, also, Aqvarms. 

WA''i ER-BEL'LoW8, 77. [water nwA bellatcs.] A machine 
for blowing air into a furnace, by means of a column of 
water falling through a vertical lube. 

WA'TER-BoRJN'E, pp. Borne by the water 3 floated 3 hav- 
ing water sufficient to float. SniollcLt. 

WA'TER-€AL'A-M!NT, n. A species of mint or mentha. 

WA'TER-GAR'RIAGE, 77. ]. 'Iransportation or convey- 
ance by water 3 or the means of transporting by water. 
2 . A vessel or boat 3 [77^5.] 

WA'TER-CaRT, 77. A cart bearing a large cask of water 
which is conveyed into a cylinder full of holes, by means 
of which the water is sprinkled upon the ground. 

WA'TER-€L 0 €K, 77. 'Ihe clepsydra; an instrument or 
machine serving to measure tune by the fall of a certain 
quantity of water. 

WA'TER-CLOS'ET, 77. A closet or apartment for washing 
or other purposes of cleanliness. 

Vv A'TER-GoL'OR, 77. V/ater-colcrs, in painting cr limning, 
lire colors diluted and mixed with gurn-water. 

WA'TER-GoURSE, 77. [77 ate7* and C 77777 'oe.] 1 . A stream 

of water; a river or brook. Is. xliv. 2 . A channel or 
canal for the conveyance of water, particularly in drain- 
ing lands. 

WA'TER-E’RESS, n. [rreter .and crci-s.] A small creeping 
plant or weed growing in watery places. Cyc. 

WrVTER-GRoW'FOOT, n. [7fatf7*an(l croxrfoot.] A plant 
on which cows are said to be fond of feeding. 

WA'TER-DROP, v. [water end drop.] A drop of water. 

WA' 3 'ER-DROP'WoRT, 77. A plant. Lee. 

WA'TER-EL'E-PHANT, 77. A name given to the liippc- 
potarnus. 

WA TER-EN'GiNE, 77. [water and engine.] An engine to 
raise water; or an engine moved by water. 

WA'TER-FALL, 77. A fall or perpendicular descent of the 
water of a river or stream, or a descent nearly perpendic- 
ular ; a cascade 3 a cataract. But the word is generally 
used of the fall of a small river or rivulet. 

WA'TER-FLAG, 77. Water flower-de-luce. 

WA'TER-FLoOD, 77. [water and food.] A flood of water : 
ail inundatioji. 

WA'TER-FLy, 77. [reefer and/?/.] An insect that is seen 
on the water. 

WA TER-FOWL, 77. A fowl that frequents the water, or 
lives about rivers, lakes, or on or near the sea 3 an aquatic 
fowl. 

WA'TER-FOX, 77. [rcGfer and/or.] A name given to the 
carp, on account_of its cunning. Walton. 

W’’A'TER-FUR'RoW, 77. In agriculture, a deep furrow 
riiade for conducting water from tlie ground and keeping 
it dry. 

WA'TER-FUR'RoW, v. t. To plough or open water-fur- 
rows. 

WA'TER-GALL, n. 1 . A cavity made in the earth by a 
torrent of water. 2 . An appearance in the rainbow. 

WA'TER-GER'MAN-DER, n. A plant. Cyc. 

WA'TER-GOD, n. [water and god.] A deity that presides 
over the water. 

WA''rER-GRu'EL, n. A liquid food, composed of water 
aiid a small portion of meal or other farinaceous substance 
boiled. 

WA'TER-GaUGE, 1 77. An instrument for measuring or 

WA'TER-GAGE, ) ascertaining the depth or quantity' 
of water. 

WA'TER-HAM'MER, n. A column of water in a vacuum, 
which, not being supported as in the air, falls against the 
end of the vessel with a peculiar noise. 

WA'TER-HAIR-GRASS, 77. A species of grass. Cyc. 

WA'TER-HEMP-AG'RI-MO-NY, 77. A plant. Lee. 

WA'TER-HEN, 77. [water ^T\(\ hen .] A water-fowl. Cyc. 

WA'TER-HOG, n. A quadruped of South America. Linnc. 

WA'TER-LAU'REL, 77. [xcater and laurel.] A plant. 

WA'TER-LeAF, 77. [water and leaf .] A plant. Lee. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DOVE 3 — BIJLL, UNITE. — € as K 3 0 as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


WAT 


918 


WAX 


WA^TER-LESS, a. Destitute of water. Tookc. 

WA'TER-LEV'EL, ?i. [tratcr ami level.] Tlie level formed 
by the surface of still water. 

WA'TER-LIL'Y, n. [7vater and lihj.] A plant. Lee. 

WA'TER-LINE, n. A horizontal line supposed to be drawn 
about a ship’s bottom, at the surface of the water. 

WA'TER-LOGGED, a. Lying like a log on the water. 

VvLV’i’ER-MAN, n. [zcater and 7 na;j.] A boatman 3 a ferry- 
liian ; a man who manages water-craft. Gut/. 

WiV'LER-MARK, n. [Tcater and mark.] The mark or limit 
of the rise of a Hood. JJnjden. 

WA'TER-MEL'ON, n. [water a.m\ melon.] A plant and its 
fruit, of the genus cticurbita, (C. citrullus.) 

WA'TER-MILL, n. A mill whose machinery is moved by 
water, and thus distinguished from a wind-mill. 

WA'TER-MINT. See Water-calamint. 

WA'TER-NEWT, n. An animal of the lizard tribe. 

WA'T£R-OR'DE-AL, v. A judicial trial of persons accused 
of crimes, by means of water 3 furmcrly in line among illit- 
erate and saperstitioiLS nations. 

V/A'TER-OU'ZEL, n. A fowl of the genus stumius. 

WA'TJCR-PARri'NEP, n. A plant of the genus sium. 

WA'T£R,-Po-A, n. A species o( grass, the poa aquutica. 

■\VA'TER-P01SE, Ti. [zeate?' and poise.] An instrument for 
examining the purity of water. 

WA'TER-POT, n. A vessel for holding or conveying 
water, or for sprinkling water on cloth in bleaching, or 
on plants, 6cc. 

WA'TER-PROOF, a. [water and proof.] Impervious to 
water 3 so firm and compact as not to admit water. 

WA’TER-RAD'ISH, ti. A species of water-cresses. 

WA'TER-RaIL, ti. a fowl of the genus rallus. 

\VA'TER-RAT, n. An animal of the genus Titus. 

WA'TER-R0€K'ET, n. 1. A species of water-cresses. 2. 
A kind of fire-work to be discharged in the water. 

WA'TER-ROT, V. t. To rot by steeping in water. 

V/A'TER-ROT-TED, pp. Rotted by being steeped in 
Vvater. 

WA'TER-ROT-TING, ppr. Rotting in water. 

WA'TER-SaIL, n. [water and sail.] A small sail used 
under a studding-sail or driver-boom. Mar. Diet. 

WA'TER-SAP-PHIRE, n. [water and sa/iphirc.] A kind 
of blue precious stone. 

WA'TER-SIIOOT, n. [icater and s/zoot.] A sprig or shoot 
from the root or stock of a tree. [Local.] 

WA'TER-SNAKE, ti. a snake that frequents the water. 

WA'TER-SoAK, v.t. [zcater and soaA:.] To soak or fill 
tlie interstmes with water. 

WA'TER-SoAKED, pp. Soaked or having its interstices 
filled with water; as, Tcater-soahed wood. 

WA'TER-i?oLD'IER, ti. A plant of the genus stratiotes. 

WA'TER-SPAN'IEL, n. A dog so called. Sidney. 

^VA'TER-SPOUT, n. At sea, a vertical cclurnn of water, 
raised from the surface of the sea and driven furiously by 
the wind. 

WA'TER-Ta'BLE, ti. [water and table.] In architecture, a 
ledge in the wall of a building, about eighteen or twenty 
inches from the ground. 

WA'TER-TATH, n. In England, a species of coarse grass 
growing in wet grounds. Cyc. 

VvLV'TER-THER-MOM'E-TER, n. An instrument for as- 
certaining the precise degree of cold at which water 
ceases to lie condensed. Cyc. 

WA'TER-TTGHT, a. So tight as not to admit water. 

WA'TER-TRe'FOIL, ?/. A plant. Mortimer. 

WA'TER-Vi'O-LET, Tt. [water an A violet.] A plant. 

WA'TER-WaY, ti. In a ship^s deck, a ])iece of timber, 
forming a channel for conducting water to the scuppers. 

WA'TER-WHEEL, n. 1. A wheel moved by water. 2. 
An engine for raising water from a deep well. 

WrVTER-WlL'LoVV, ti. [water and willow.] A plant. 

WA'TER-WITH, ti. [water and with.] A plant. 

WA'TER-WoRK, n. Watcr-Tvurks are hydraulic machines 
or engines, particularly such as form artificial fountains, 
spouts and the like. 

WA'TER-WoRT, n. A plant of the genus clatine. 

WA'TER, V. t. 1. To irrigate 3 to overflow with water, or 
to wet with water 3 as, to Tvater land. 2. To supply with 
winter. 3. To supply with water for drink. 4. To di- 

' versify 3 to w^et and calender 3 to give a wavy appear- 
ance to. 

WA'TER, V.T. 1. To shed water or liquid matter. 2. To 
get or take in water. — The mouth waters, a phrase deno- 
ting that a person has a longing desire. 

WA'TER-AGE, ti. JMoney paid for transportation by water. 

WA'TERED, pp. Overspread or spriidiled with water 3 
liiade wet 3 supplied with water 3 made lustrous by being 
wet and calendered. 

WA'TER-ER, Ti. One who waters. Carew. 

W/VTER-T-NESS, ti. [from watery.] Moisture 3 humidity 3 
a state of abounding with water. Arbutknot. 

WA'TER-ING, ppr. Overflowing 3 sprinkling or wetting 
with water ; supplying with water. 

WA'TER-ING, ti. 1. The act of overflowing or sprinkling 


with water 3 the act of supplying with water. 2 . Tlie 
place where water is supplied. 

WA‘TER-1NG-RLACE, n. A place to which people resort 
fijr mineral w'ater, or for the use of water in some way or 
other. 

WA'1'ER-ING-TROUGII, n. A trough in which cattle and 
horses drink. 

WA'TER-ISH, a. 1. Resembling water 3 thin, as a liquor. 
Dryden. 2. Moist 3 somewhat w atery. Hale. 

WA'TER-ISH-NESS, n. 'J'hinness, as of a liquor 3 resem- 
blance to vvater. Floycr. 

WA'TER-LESS, a. Destitute of water. Mitford. 

WA'TER-Y, a. 1. Resembling water 3 thin or transparent, 
as a liquid. 2. Tasteless 3 insipid 3 vapid 3 spiritless. 3. 
Wet 3 abounding with water. 4. Pertaining to water. 
5. Consisting of water. 

WATH, ti. Food used in the North of England. Grose. 

WAT'TLE, n. [Sax. teateZ.] 1. Proper/?/, a twig or flexi- 
ble rod 3 and hence, a hurdle. 2 . The flesliy excrescence 
tliat grow'S under the throat of a cock or tin key, or a like 
substance on a fish. 3. A rod laid on a roof to support 
the thatch. 

WAT'TLE, V. t. 1. To bind with twigs. 2. To twist or 
interweave twigs one with another 3 to plat 3 to form a 
kind of net-work with flexible branches. 

WAT'TLE D, pp. Bound or interwmven with twigs. 

WAT'TIilNG, ppr. Interweaving with twigs. 

WAUL, V. i. To cry, as a cat. 

WAULTNG, ppr. Crying, as a cat. 

WAVE, V. [Sax. Tceg, tcceg G. wage; Sw. vug/ Ir. 
huaice.] 1. A moving swell or volume of water 3 usually, 
a swell raised and driven by wind. 2. Unevenness 3 In- 
equality of surface. 3. The line or streak of lustre on 
clotli watered and calendered. 

WAVE, v.i. [Sax. 7 co^a??.] 1. To play loosely 3 to move 

like a wave, one way and the other ; to float 3 to undu- 
late. 2. To be moved, as a signal. 3. To fluctuate 3 to 
waver 3 to be in an unsettled state 3 [eis.] 

WAV^^E, v.t. [Sec Waver.] 1. To raise into inequalities 
of surface. 2. To move one way and the other 3 to bran- 
dish. 3. To waft 3 to remove any thing floating. 4. To 
beckon 3 to direct by a waft or waving motion. 

WAVE, v.t. [Norm. ?ee?/eer, waive.] L To put ofl ’3 to 
cast otf 3 to cast away 3 to reject 3 usually written waive. 
2. To quit 3 to depart from. 3. To put off 3 to put aside 
for the present, or to omit to pursue. 

Waved, pp. l. Moved one way and the other 3 bran- 
dished. 2. Put oft '3 omitted. — 3. a. In heraldry, indented. 
4. Variegated in lustre. — 5. In botany, undate 3 rising and 
falling in waves on the margin, as a leaf. 

WaVE'LESS, a. Free from waves 3 undisturbed 3 unagi- 
tated. 

Wa'VEL-LTTE, 71. [from TVavel, the discoverer.] A min- 
eral, a ph_osphate or sub-phosphate of alumin. 

WaVE'-LoAF, ti. a loaf for a wave-ofl'ering. 

WaVE'-OF-FER-ING, ti. An offering made with waving 
towards the four cardinal points. JVuw. xviii. 

Wa'VER, V. i. [Sax. wafiaTi; Dan. sveever.] 1. To play or 
move to and fro 3 to move one way and the other. 2 .* To 
fluctuate 3 to be unsettled in opinion 3 to vacillate 3 to be 
undetermined. 3. To totter; to reel 3 to be in danger of 
falling. 

V/a'VER, n. A name given to a sapling or young timber- 
tree in England. [Local.] 

Wa'VER-ER, n. One wTio wavers 3 one who is unsettled 
in doctrine, faith or opinion. 

Wa'VER-ING, ppr. or a. Fluctuating 3 being in doubt; 
undetermined. 

Wa'VER-ING-NESS, n. State or quality of being waver- 
ing. 

WaVE'-SUB-JECT'ED, a. Subject to be overflowed. 

Wa VE'-WoRN, c. [tcave and worn.] Worn by the waves. 

WaV'ING, ppr. Moving as a wave 3 playing to and fro; 
brandishing. 

WaV'URE, n. The act of waving or putting ofl’. R. Peel. 

Wa'VY, a. [from ?? 5 ave.] L Rising or swelling in waves ; 
full of waves. 2. Playing to and fro ; undulating. 3. 
Undulating on the border or on the surface. 

t WAV/ES, or WAES, fur waves. Spenser. 

WAWL, V. T. [Icel. vaele, if not formed from the sound.] 
T’o cry 3 to howl. Shak. 

WAX, n. [Sax. tcwx, rcez / G. waclis ; D. Tcasch ; Sw. rax.] 
1. A thick, viscid, tenacious substance, collected by bees, 
or excreted from their bodies, and emplo}’ed in the con- 
struction of their cells 3 usually called bccs^ wax. 2. A 
thick, tenacious substance excreted in the ear. 3. A sub- 
stance secreted by certain plants, forming a silvery pow- 
der on the leaves and fruit, as in the wax-palrn and wax- 
myrtle. 4. A substance found on the hinder legs of bees, 
which is supposed to be their food. 5. A substance used 
in sealing letters ; called sealing-Tvax, or Spanish wax. 
C. A thick substance used by shoemakers for rubbing their 
thread. 

WAX, V. t. To smear or rub with wax. 


* See STjnopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PR£Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — f Obsolete. 


WEA 


91D 


WEA 


WAX, V. i. ,* pret. waxed ; pp. waxed, or waxen, [Sax. 
weaxan ,* G1-. wachseii ; Sw. vaxa.] 1. I’c increase in 
size ; to grow j to become larger. 2. To pass from one 
state to another j to become. 

WAX'-IULL, n. A bird, a species ofloxia, 

WAX'-CAiV-DLE, n. A candle made of wax. 

WAX'-CflAND-LER, n. A maker of wax-candles. 

WAXED, pp. Smeared or rubbed with wax. 

WAX'EN, a. Made of wax j as, waxen cells. Milton. 

WAX'IXii, ppr. Growing 3 increasing; becoming; smear- 
ing with wax. 

WAX'ING, n. In chemistrxj , ihe preparation of any matter 
to render it fit for melting ; also, the process of stopping 
out colors in calico-printing. Cijc. 

WAX'-MYll-TLE, n. The bayberry, a shrub. 

WAX'-PALM, n. A species of palm. 

WAX'-WoRK, 11 . Figures formed of wax, in imitation of 
real beings. 

WAX'Y, a. Soft like wax; resembling wax; viscid; ad- 
hesive. ^ 

WAY, n. [Sax. icceg, weg ; G., D. weg ; Dan. vej ,• Sw. vag : 
Li., It. via: Fr. tJuis.] 1. Literally, a passing; hence, a 
passage ; the place of passing ; lienee, a road of any kind ; 
a highwa}^ ; a jirivate road ; a lane ; a street; any place 
for tile passing of men, cattle or other animals. 2. Length 
of space ; as, a great way. 3. Course ; direction of mo- 
tion or travel. 4. Passage ; room for passing. .5. Course, 
or regular course. 0. Tendency to any meaning or act. 
7. Sphere of observation. 8. Manner of doing anything; 
method ; means of doing. 9. JMethod ; scheme of man- 
agement. 10. Manner of thinking or beliavior ; particu- 
lar turn of opinion; determination or humor. 11. Man- 
ner; mode. 12. Method; manner of practice. 13. Rletli- 
od or plan of life and conduct ; as, instruct your children in 
the right way. 14. Course ; process of things, good or 
bad. 15. Right method to act or know. lb’. General 
scheme of acting. 17. Ways, pin. the timbers on which 
a ship is launched. — To make ica.y, to give room for pass- 
ing ; or to make a vacancy. — 7'o give way, to recede ; to 
make room ; or to yield. — To make one^s way, to advance 
in life by eiforts. — By the way, en passant, as we proceed. 
— To go one’s way, or to come one’s acay, to go or come 
along. Shah. — In the way, a phrase noting obstruction. — 
To be under way, in seamen’s language, to be in motion, 
as when a ship begins to move. — Ways and means, in 
legislation, means for raising money; resources for rev- 
enue. 

WaY'-BREAD, n. A name given to the herb planta.in. 

WaY'FaR-ER, n. [?e<77/ and /are ; Sax./aran.] A traveler; 
a passenger. Carew. 

WaY'FaR-ING, a. Traveling; passing; being on a jour- 
ney. Jud(Tes xix. 

WaY'FaR-TNG-TREE, 71. A shrub. Cxjc. 

* WAY-LAID', pp. Watched in the way. 

* WAY-LAY', v.t. [?ray and ^ay.] To watch insidiously 
in the way with a view to seize, rob or slay ; to beset in 
ambush. Dryden. [In this word there is little di^ercnce of 
accent.] 

* AVA Y-LAY'ER, n. One who waits for another in ambush, 
with a view to seize, rob or slay him. 

WAY'-Li-:AVE, n. A provincial term for the ground pur- 
chased for a wagon-way between coal-pits and a river. 
[Local.'] Cyc. 

WAY'LESS,'a. Having no road or path ; pathless; track- 
less. Drayton. 

WAY'-MA-KER, n. One who makes a way ; a precursor. 
Bacon, 

WAY'-MARK, n. A mark to guide in traveling. 

+ WAY'MENT, V. i. [Sax. 7oa.] To lament. Spenser. 

WAY'-PANE, 71. A slip left for cartage in watered land. 

[ Local.] 

WAY'-THTS-TLE, n. A troublesome plant or perennial 
weed. Cyc. 

WAY'WARD, a. [way and ward.] Froward; peevish; 
perverse ; liking his own way. 

WA Y'-WAR-DEN, n. In local usage, the surveyor of a 
road. England. 

AV.aY'WARD-LY, adv. Frowardly ; perversely. Sidney. 

WA Y'AVARD-NESS, n. Froward ness ; perverseness. 

AVAY'-WT?-ER, n. An instrument for measuring the dis- 
tance which one has traveled on the road ; called, also, 
permn’iuJntor, and pndoineter , or pedometer. 

WAY'WODE, or WAl'WODE, n. 1. In the Ottoman em- 
pire, the governor of a small town or province; also, a 
Mussulman charged with t!)e collection of taxes, or with 
tile police of a place. — 2. In Poland, the governor of a 
province. Cyc. 

AVAY'AVODE-SHIP, n. The province or jurisdiction of a 
waywode. Eton. 

AYE, pron. : pill, of I ; or rather a different word, denoting 
the person speaking and another or others with him. 

Wf.AK, a. [Sax. waac, wace; G. weich, schwach ; D. 
zwak : Dan. veeg, v-eg ; Sw. vek.] 1. Having little phys- 
ical strength ; feeble. 2. Infirm ; not healthy. 3. Not 


able to bear a great weight. 4. Not strong ; not compact ; 
easily broken. 5. Notable to resist a violent attack. 6. 
Soft; pliant; not stiff. 7. Low; small; feeble, b. Fee- 
ble of mind ; wanting spirit ; wanting vigor of under- 
standing. 9. Not much impregnated with ingredients, or 
with tilings that excite action, or with stimulating and 
nourishing substances. 10. Not politically powerful. 11. 
Not having force of authority or energy. 12. N(»t having 
moral force or power to convince ; not well supported by 
truth or reason. 13. Not well supported by argument. 
14. Unfortified; accessible; impressible. 15. Not iiaving 
full conviction or confidence. — 16. TVeak land is land of 
a Ij^ght, thin soil. Cyc. 

t AVkAK, V. t. To make v/eak. 

fWiiAK, ti. i. To become weak. Chaucer. 

WlAK'EN, (wee'kn) v. t. [Sax. wacan.] 1. To lessen 
the strength of, or to deprive of strength ; to debilitate ; to 
emfeeble. 2. To reduce in strength or spirit. 

AA'eAK'ENED, pp. Debilitated; enfeebled; reduced in 
sLength. 

AVf.xVK'EN-ER, 77. He or that which weakens. 

W7<:AIv'EN-ING, ppr. Debilitating; enfeebling; reducing 
the strength or vigor of any thing. 

WkAK'-IIEART-ED, a. Having little courage. 

AA’^K.AK'LING, n. A feeble creature. Shak. 

WkAK'LY, adi,'. 1. Feebly; with little physical strength ; 
faintly; not forcibly. 2. With want of efficacy. 3. 
AA’’ith feebleness of mind or intellect; indiscreetly ; in- 
juriously. 4. Timorously ; with little courage or forti- 
tude. 

AA^kAK'LY, c. Not strong of constitution; infirm. Ra- 
Idgh. 

AA'b:AK'NES8, v. 1. AA”ant of physical strength ; want of 
force or vigor ; feebleness. 2. AYant of sprightliness. 3. 
A’l'ant of steadiness. 4. Infirmity ; unheallhiness. .5. 
AA'ant of moral force or effect upon the mind. 6. AVantef 
judgment; feebleness of mind; foolishness. 7. Defect; 
failing; fault; with a plural. 

AA^ljAK'SIDE, 77. Foible; deficiency; failing; infirmity. 

AVlilAL, 72. [Sax. ?ccZa ; G. wohl ; Dan. vcl.] 1. A sound 
state of a person or thing ; a state which is prosperous, or 
at least not unfortunate, not declining; prosperity ; hap- 
piness. 2. Republic; state; public interest. 

AAREAL, n. The mark of a strifsc. See AA^aue. 

V/EAL'D, AVALD, AALALT, AA'OLD, in Saxon and other 
Teutonic dialects, signifies a wood or forest. It is foimd 
in names, as in Wait-ham, wood-liouse ; corruptly pm- 
iiounced Wal-tham. 

WeALS'MAN, 72. [?{*caZ and 7na72.] A name given sneer- 
ingiy to a politician. Shak. 

AAHLALTH, (welth) n. [from weal; Sax. wclega, weJga, 
rich.] 1. Prosperity ; external happiness ; [o'i^s.] 2. Riches ; 
large possessions of money, goods or land ; that abundance 
of worldly estate which exceeds the estate of the greater 
part of the community ; afiluence ; opulence. 

WEALTH'I-LA% adv. Richly. Skak. 

AYE ALTH' [-NESS, 72. State ofboing wealthy ; richness. 

AA'EALTH'Y, (weltlny) a. Rich ; Iiaving large possessions 
in lands, goods, money or securities, or larger than the 
generality of men ; opulciit ; affluent. 

AA^’eAN, V. t. [Sax. wenan, gewcenan.] I. To accustom and 
reconcile, as a child or other young animal, to a want or 
deprivation of the breast. 2. To detach or alienate, as 
the affections, from any object of desire ; to reconcile to 
the \vant or h;ss of any thing. 

AA^’eANED, pp. Accustomed or reconciled to the want of 
the breast or oth^r object of desire. 

AA^eAN'EL, or AA’'eAN'LING, n. A child or other animal 
n_ewly weaned. Milton. 

AA^eAN'ING, ppr. Accustoming or reconciling, as a young 
child or other animal, to a want of the breast ; reconciling 
to the want of any object of desire. 

AA’’EAF'ON, (wep'n) v. [Sax. werpn, wepn; D., G. wapen ; 
Dan. vaaben : Sw. vapen.] 1. Any instrument of offense ; 
any thing used or designed to be used in destroying or an- 
noying an enem}". 2. An instrument for contest, or for 
combating enemies. 3. An instrument of defense. — ^1. 
Weapons, in botany, arms ; thorns,’ prickles and stings, 
with which plants are furnished for defense. 

AA''EAP'ONED, (wep'iul) a. Armed ; furnished with weap- 
ons or arms ; equipped. Hayward. 

AYEAP'ON-LESS, a. Unarmed ; having no weapon. Mil^ 
ton. 

t AA^’EAF'CN-SATWE, 72. A salve which vras supposed 
to cure the wound, by being applied to the weapon that 
made it. 

AA'EaR, V. t. ; pret. wore : pp. worn. [AA". gicariaiv ; Sax. 
weran, zeerian.] ]. To waste or impair by rubbing cr at- 
trition ; to lessen or diminish by time, use or instruments. 

2. To carry appendant to tlie body, as clothes or weapons. 

3. To have or exhibit an appearance ; to bear. 4. To af- 
fect by degrees. — To wear airay, to consume ; to impair, 
diminish or destroy by gradual attrition or decay. — To 
zeear off, to diminish by attrition or slow decay. — To zoeoi' 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, D6 YE ; — BULL, UNITE. — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete. 


WEA 


920 


WED 


out. 1. To consume ; to render useless by attrition or de- 
cay. 2. To consume tediously. 3. To harass j to tire. 

4. To waste the strength of. 

WEAR, V. i. 1. To be wasted ; to be diminished by attri- 
tion, by use, or by time. 2. To be tediously spent. 3. 
To be consumed by slow degrees. — To wear o£-\ to pass 
away by degrees. 

WEAR, ?i. 1. The act of wearing 3 diminution by friction. 
2. The thing worn. ' 

WEAR, n. [Sax. wcer^wer; D. waaren, or weeren.l 1. A | 
dam in a river to stop and raise the water, for conducting 
it to a mill, or for taking fish. 2. An instrument or kind 
of basket-work for catching fish. 

WEaR'A-BLE, a. That can be worn. Swift. 

WEARD, Sax. a warden, in names, denotes watchful- 
ness or care j but it must not be confounded with ward, in 
toward. I 

WEAR'ER, n. 1. One who wears or carries as appendant ! 
to the body. 2. That wdiich wastes or diminishes. i 

WeA'RI-NESS, n. 1. The state of being weary or tired ; | 
that lassitude or exhaustion of strength, which is induced j 
by labor ; fatigue. 2. Lassitude ; uneasiness proceeding j 
from continued waiting, disappointed expectation or ex- 
hausted patience, or from other cause. 

WEAR'ING, ppr. 1. Bearing on or appendant to the per- 
son ; diminishing by friction j consuming. 2. a. Denot- 
ing what is worn. 

WEARYING, n. Clothes ; garments. Shak. 

t WEAR^ISH, a. 1. Boggy ; watery. 2. Weak ; washy. 

WeA'RI-SoME, CE. [from ?cear 7/.] Causing weariness j tire- 
some ; tedious ; fatiguing. 

WeA'RI-S 6ME-LY, adc. Tediously j so as to cause weari- 
ness. Raleitrh. 

WeA'RI-SoME-NESS, 71. The quality of exhausting 
strength or patience j tiresomeness ; tediousness. 

WeA'RY, a. [Sax. Tccri^.] 1. Having the strength much 
exhausted by toil or violent exertion ; tired ; fatigued ; 
[this word expresses less than tired.] 2. Having the pa- 
tience exhausted, or the mind yielding to discouragement. 
3^ Causing weariness ; tiresome. 

WeA'RY, V. t. 1. To reduce or exhaust the physical 
strength of the body ; to tire ; to fatigue. 2. To make 
impatient of continuance. 3. To liarass by any thing 
irksome. — To weary out, to subdue or exhaust by fa- 
tigue. 

WeAS'AXD, ) n. [Sax. wasend, wwsend.] The windpipe 

We'SAND, \ or trachea ; the canal through which air 
passes to and from the lungs. 

WeAS'EL, i (we zl) n. [Sax. wesle ; Dan. vesel ; G. wiescl ; D. 

WEE'SEL, ( iccetel.] A small animal, of the genus mus- 
tela, which feeds on small birds, but particularly on 
mice. 

WeAS'EL-COOT, n. The red-headed smew. 

WEATH ER, (weth'er) ti. [Sax. weder, wceder, or wether ; 
G. wetter ; D. weder, or weer.] 1. The state of the air or 
atmosphere witli respect to heat or cold, wetness or dry- 
ness, calm or storm, clearness or cloudiness, and the like ; 
as, warm weather. 2. Change of the state of the air 5 [/. u.] 
Bacon. 3. Storm; tempest; [L u.] Drxjden. — Stress of 
weather, violent winds ; force of tempests. 

WEA'f H'ER, (weth'er) v. t. 1. To air ; to expose to the 
air ; [rarely used.] Spenser. — 2. In seamen^s language, to 
sail to the windward of something else. 3. To pass with 
difficulty. — To weather a point, to gain or accomplish it 
against opposition. — To weather out, to endure; to hold 
out to the end ; as, to weather out a storm. Addison . — 
Weather is used with several words, either as an adjec- 
tive, or as forming part of a compound word. 

WEATH'ER-BeAT'EN, a. Beaten or harassed by the 
weather. 

WEATH'ER-BIT, n. A turn of the cable about the end of 
the windlass, without the knight-heads. Cyc. 

WEATH'ER-BoARD, u. That side of a ship which is to- 
wards the wind ; the windward side. So, in other words, 
weather signifies towards the wind or windward ; as in 
weather-bow , weather-brnces, weather-gage, weather-Vifts, 
wcather-qoaxter, zccai/ier-shrouds, wcatAer-side, weather- 
shore, &LC. 

WEATH'ER-BoARD'lXG, v. The act of nailing up boards 
against a wall ; or the boards themselves. Cyc. 

WEATH'ER-BoARDS, n. Pieces of plank placed in the 
ports of a ship, when laid up in ordinary. JJar. Diet. 

WEATH'ER-BoAV. See Weatherboard. 

WEATH'ER-CLO'THS, n. Long pieces of canvas or tar- 
pauling used to preserve the hammocs from injury by 
the weather when stowed, or to defend persons from the 
wind and spray. 

WEATH'EPi-COCK^ n. 1. Something in the shape of a 
cock placed on the stop of a spire, whicli, by turning, 
shows the direction of the wind ; a vane, or weather-vane. 
2. Any thing or person that turns easily and frequently ; 
a fickle, inconstant person. 

WEATH'ER-DRIV-EN, a. [weather and driven.] Driven 
by winds or storms ; forced by stress of weather. 


WEATH'ER-FEXD, r. t. [weather andi fend.] To shelter# 

WEA'TH'ER-GaGE, 71. [rceather and gage.] Something 
that shows the weather. Qu. Hudibras. A ship is said to 
have the iceather-gage of another, when she is at the wind- 
ward of her. 

WEATH'ER-GALL, 71. A secondary rainbow, said to be a 
sign of bad weather. J\Torth of England. 

WEATH'ER-GLASS, n. [weather and glass.] An instru- 
ment to indicate the state of the atmosphere. Cyc. 

WEATH'ER-HELM, n. A ship is said to carry a tceatAer- 
helm, when she is inclined to come too near the wind. 

WEATH'ER-MoST, a. Being farthest to the windward. 

WEATH'ER-PROOF, a. Proof against rough weather. 

WEATH'ER-RoLL, 77. [weather and roll!] The roll of a 
ship to the windward ; opposed to lee-lurch. 

WEATH'ER-SPY, 71. [weather and spy.] A star-gazer ; 
one that foretells the weather. [Little used.] Donne. 

WEATH'ER-TiDE, n. The tide which sets against the lee 
side of a ship, impelling her to the windward. 

WEATH'ER-WlSE, a. [tceuther and wise.] Skillful in fore- 
seeing the changes or state of the \veather. 

t WEATH'ER-WlS-ER, 7t. Something that foreshows the 
weather. Derham. 

WEATH'EKED, 2>p- Passed to the windward ; passed with 
difficulty. 

WEATH'ER-ING, ppr. Passing or sailing to the windward j 
posing with difficulty. 

Weave, v. t. .- pret. wove', pp. woven, wove. The regular 
form, 7ceaved, is rarely or never used. [Sax. 7cefan', G. 
weben; D. 7cceven.] 1. To unite threads of any kind in 
such a manner as to form cloth. 2. To unite any thing 
flexible. 3. To unite by intermixture or close connec- 
tion. 4. To interpose ; to insert. 

Weave, v. i. To practice weaving ; to work wMth a loom. 

WeAV'ER, 71. 1. One who weaves ; one whose occupa- 
tion is to weave. 2. A bird ; tlie common name of the genus 
ploceus, of several species, natives of Africa and the E. 
Indies ; so called because they construct curious and often 
pensile nests, by interweaving twigs and fibres. 

WeAV'ER-FISH, n. A kind of fish. Ainsworth. 

WeAA^'ING, ppr. Forming cloth by intertexture of threads. 

WeAV'ING, n. 1. The act or art of forming cloth in a loom, 
by the union or intertexture of threads. 2. The task or 
■work to be done in making cloth. 

WEB, n. [Sax. iceb ; Sw. vaf.] 1. Texture of threads ; 
plexus ; any thing woven. — 2. Locally, a piece of linen 
cloth. Englund. 3. A dusky film that forms over the eye 
and hinders the sight ; suffusion. 4. Some part of a 
sword. — 5. In ship-buildmg , the thin partition on the in- 
side of the rim, and between the spokes of a sheave. Cyc. 
— 6. In ornithology, the membrane which unites the toes 
of many water-fowls. — Web of a coulter is the thin, sharp 
part. 

WEBBED, a. Having the toes united by a membrane or 
web ; as, the roebbed feet of aquatic fowls. 

WEB'-FOOT-ED, a. Having webbed feet ; palmiped. 

WEB'STEK, 71. [Sax. webstre.] A weaver. The old word 
is Webber. Camden. 

W’'ED, V. t. [Sax. weddian ; Sw’. vadja; Dan. vedder.] 1. 
To marry ; to take for husband or for wife. 2. To join in 
marriage. 3. To unite closely in affection ; to attach 
firmly. 4. To unite forever. 5. To espouse; to take 
part with ; [0&5.] 

WED, V. i. To marry ; to contract matrimony. Shak. 

WED, n. A pledge. 

WED'DED, pp. Married ; closely attached. 

WED'DING, ppr. Marrying; uniting with in matrimony. 

WED'DING, u. Marriage; nuptials; nuptial ceremony; 
nuptial festivities. Shak. 

WED'DING-GLoTHES, n. Garments for a bride ora bride- 
groom, to be worn at marriage. 

WED'DIXG-DAY, 71. The day of marriage. 

WED'DIXG-FeAST, n. [wedding and feast.] A feast or 
entertainment prepared for the guests at a wedding. 

WEDGE, 71. [Sax. weeg, icwcg Dan. ; Sw. vigg ; D. 
wig.] 1. A mass of metal. Josh. vii. 2. A piece of 
metal, particularly iron, thick at one end and sloping to a 
thin edge at the other, used in splitting wood, rocks, &lc. 
3. Something in the form of a wedge. 

WEDGE, V. t. 1. To cleave with a wedge ; to rive ; [1. ti.] 
2. To drive as a wedge is driven ; to crowd or compress 
closely. 3. To force, as a wedge forces its way. 4. To 
fasten with a wedge or with wedges. 5. To fix in the 
manner of a wedge. 

WEDGED, pp. Split with a wedge ; fastened with a wedge ; 
closely compressed. 

WEDGE'-SHaPED, a. [wedge and shape.] Having the 
shape of a wedge ; cuneiform. Smith. 

WEDGE'WOODS-VASE, n. A kind of earthen vase, first 
made by Mr*. Wedge wood. 

WEDG'ING, ppr. Cleaving with a wedge ; fastening with 
wedges ; compressing closely. 

WED'LOCK, 71. [qu. wed and lock ; or Sax. lac, a gift.] Mar- 
riage ; matrimony. Addison. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, 0, D, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PR^Y ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD; — f Obsolete. 


WEF 


921 


WEL 


WEB LO€K, V. t. To marry. [Little Milton. 

WED'LOCKED, pp. United in marriage. [L. w.] Milton. 
WEDNES'DAY, (wenz'de) n. [Sax. TVodensdceg, Woden’s 
day ; Sw. Odensdag^ or Onsdag ,• from fVodin, or Odin, a 
deity or chief.] The fourth day of the week j the next 
day after Tuesday. 

fWEE, a. [contracted from G. tcenig.'] Small ; little. 
WEECH'ELM, or WITCH'-ELM, n. A species of elm. 
Bacon. 

WEED, n. [Sax. wood.'] 1. The general name of any 
plant that is useless or noxious. 2. Any kind of unprof- 
itable substance among ores in mines, as mundic or mar- 
casite ; [local. 

WEED, n. [Sax. weed, wceda.'] 1. Properly, a garment, as 
in Spenser, but now used only in the plural, iceeds, for the 
mourning apparel of a female ; as, a widow’s weeds. 2. 
An upper garment ; [065.] 

WEED, V. t. [Sax. xceodian ; D. weeden.'] 1. To free from 
noxious plants. 2. To take away, as noxious plants. 3. 
To free from any thing hurtful or offensive. 4. To root 
out vice. 

WEED'ED, pp. Freed from weeds or whatever is nox- 
ious. 

WEED'ER, 71. One that w’eeds or frees from any thing 
noxious. 

WEED'ER-Y, 71. Weeds. More. 

WEED'-HOOK, or WEED'ING-HOOK, n. [weed and 
hook.'] A hook used for cutting away or extirpating 
weeds. 

WEED'IXG, ppr. Freeing from weeds or whatever is nox- 
ious to growth. 

WEED'IXG, 71. The operation of freeing from noxious 
weeds, as a crop. Cyc. 

WEED'IXG-CHIS'EL, n. A tool with a divided chisel 
point, for cutting the roots of large weeds within the 
ground. 

WEED'IXG-FOR'CEPS, or WEED'IXG-TOXGS, n. An 
instrument for taking up some sorts of plants in weed- 
ing. 

WEED'IXG-FORK,, n. A strong, three-pronged fork, used 
in cleaning ground of weeds. 

WEED'IXG-RHIM, n. An implement somewhat like the 
frame of a wheel-barrow, used for tearing up weeds on 
summer fallows, &c.; v^ed in Kent, Eng. Cyc. 
WEED'LESS, a. Free from weeds or noxious matter. 
WEED'Y, a. 1. Consistinc of weeds ; as, weedy trophies. 
Shall. 2. Abounding with weeds ; as, weedy corn. 

WEEK, 7J. [Sax. weoc : D. week; G. woche ; Dan. uge; 
Sw. vecka.] 1. The space of seven days. — 2. In Scripture, 
a prophetic week is a week of years, or seven years. 
Van. ix. 

WEEK'-DA Y, 77. [week and day.] Any day of the week 
except the Sabbath. Pope. 

WEEK'LY, a. Coming, happening or done once a week ; 
hebdomadary. Swift. 

WEEK'LY, ado. Once a week ; by hebdomadal periods; as, 
each performs service weekly, .^yliffe. 
t WEEL,77. [Sax. wsel.] A whirlpool. 

WEEL, ) 71. A kind of twiggen trap or snare for fish. Ca- 
WEEL'Y, i rew. 

WEEX, V. i. [Sax. wenan.] To think ; to imagine ; to fan- 
cy. Milton. [Obsolete, except in burlesque.] 
t WEEX'LXG, ppr. Thinking; imagining. 

WEEP, V. i. ,• pret. and pp. loept. [Sax. wepan.] 1. To 
express sorrow, grief or anguish by outcry. 2. To shed 
tears from any passion. 3. To lament ; to complain. 
WEEP, V. t. 1. To lament ; to bewail ; to bemoan. 2. To 
shed moisture. 3. To drop. 4. To abound with wet. 
WEEP'ER, V. ]. One who weeps; one who sheds tears. 
2. A white border on the sleeve of a mourning coat. 3. A 
species of monkey, the simia capucina. 

WEEP'IXG, ppr. Lamenting; shedding tears. 
WEEP'IXG, n. I.amentatiou. 

WEEP'IXG-ROCK, 77. [weep cindi rock.] A porous rock from 
which water gradually issues. 

WEEP'IXG-SPRIXG, n. A spring that slowly discharges 
water. 

WEEP'IXG-WIL'LOW, 77. A species of willow, whose 
branches grow very long and slender, and hang down 
nearly in a perpendicular direction. 

WEEP'ING-LY, adv. With weeping ; in tears. Wotton. 
tWEER'ISH, a. Insipid; weak; washy; surly. Ascham. 
WEE'SEL, the more proper spelling of tceasel. 
t WEET, V. 7.; pret. wot. [Sax. witan; D. weeten Sw. 

reta ; G. 7ri5<?C77.] To know. 
tWEET'LESS, a. Unknowing. 

WEEV'ER, 77. A fish, called also sea-dragon. Cyc. 
WEEV'IL, 77. [Sax. wejl ; G. wibel.] A small insect that 
does ereat damage to wheat or other corn. 
fWEFT, old pret. of wave. Spenser. 

WEFT, 77. [from weave.] 1. The woof of cloth ; the 
threads that cross the warp. 2. A web ; a thing woven, 
t WEFT, 77. A thing waved, waived or cast away. 
fWEFT'AGE, 77. Texture. Grew. 


W^IGH, (wSL) V. t. [Sax. wceg, tteg, wcegan ; L. veho; D. 
weegen, wikken^ G. w’dgen.] 1. To examine by the bal» 
ance ; to ascertain the weight, that is, the force with 
which a thing tends to the centre of gravity. 2. To be 
equivalent to in weight ; that is, according to the Saxon 
sense of the verb, to lift to an equipoise a weight on the 
other side of the fulcrum. 3. To raise ; to lift, as an an- 
chor from tlie ground, or any other body. 4. To pay, allot 
or take by weight. 5. To ponder in the mind ; to con- 
sider or examine for the purpose of forming an opinion or 
coming to a conclusion. 6. To compare by the scales. 7. 
To regard; to consider as worthy of notice. — To weigh 
down. 1. To overbalance. 2. To oppress with weighl ; 
to depress. 

WEIGH, V. i. 1. To have weight. 2. To be considered as 
important; to have weight in the intellectual balance. 
3. To bear heavily; to press hard. — To weigh down, to 
sink by its own weight. 

WEIGH, (Wd.) 77. A certain quantity. — A weigh of wool, 
cheese, &c., is 256/i avoirdupois ; a weigh of com is forty 
bushels ; of barley or malt, six quarters. Cyc. 

WEIGH'A-BLE, a. I'hat may be weighed. 

WEIGHED, (wide) pp. 1. Examined by the scales ; hav- 
ing tlie weight ascertained. 2. Considered. 3. a. Expe- 
rienced ; [065.] 

WEIGH'ER,77. 1. One who weighs. 2. An officer whose 
duty is to weigh commodities. 

WEIGH'IXG, ppr. Examining by scales; considering. 

WEIGH' IXG, 77. 1. The act of ascertaining weight. 2. As 
much as is weighed at once. 

WEIGH'IXG-€AGE, 77. A cage in which small living ani- 
mals may be conveniently weighed. Cyc. 

WEIGH'IXG-HOUSE, 7». A building furnished with a 
dock and other conveniences for weighing commodities 
and ascertaining the tunnage of boats to be used on a 

CclT) ill 

WEIGH'IXG-MA-CHIXE', n. 1. A machine for weigh- 
ing heavy bodies, and particularly wheel carriages, at 
turnpike gates. England. 2. A machine for weighing 
cattle. 

WEIGHT, (wate) n. [Sax. wiht ; Sw. vigt.] 1. The quan- 
tity of a body, ascertained by the balance. 2. A mass of 
iron, lead, brass or other metal, to be used for ascertain- 
ing the weight of other bodies. 3. A ponderous mass ; 
something heavy. 4. Pressure ; burden. 5. Importance ; 
power ; influence ; efficacy ; consequence ; moment; im- 
pressiveness. 

WEIGHTT-LY, adv. 1. Heavily; ponderously. 2. With 
force or impressiveness ; with moral power. 

WEIGHT'I-XESS, 77. 1. Ponderousness; gravity; heavi- 
ness. 2. Solidity ; force ; impressiveness ; power of con- 
vincing. 3. Importance. 

WEIGHT'LESS, a. Having no weight ; light. Dryden. 

WEIGHT'Y, a. 1. Having great weight ; heavy; ponder- 
ous. 2. Important ; forcible ; momentous ; adapted to 
turn the balance in the mind, or to convince. 3. Rigor- 
ous ; severe ; [06s.] 

Weird, a. skilled in witchcraft. Shak. 

t WEIVE, for waive. Gower. 

WEL'A-WAY, an exclamation expressive of grief or sor- 
row, equivalent to alas. 

WEL'GoME, a. [Sax. wil-cuma ; well and come.] ]. Re- 
ceived with gla'dness ; admitted willingly ; as, a welcome 
guest. 2. Grateful ; pleasing. 3. Free to have or enjoy 
gratuitously. — To bid welcome, to receive with professions 
of kindness. 

WEL'€6ME is used elliptically for you are welcome. — Wel- 
come to our house, an herb. 

WLL'€6ME, 77. 1. Salutation of a new comer. 2. Kind 
reception of a guest or new comer. South. 

WEL'GoME, V. t. [Sax. wilcumian.] To salute a new comer 
with kindness ; or to receive and entertain hospitably, 
gratuitously and cheerfully. 

WEL'GoMED, pp. Received with gladness and kindness. 

WEL'G6ME-LY, adf. In a welcome manner. Brown. 

WEL'€6ME-X"ESS, n. Gratefulness ; agreeableness ; kind 
reception. Boyle. 

WEL'€oM-ER, n. One who salutes or receives kindly a 
new comer. Shak. 

WEL'€6M-IXG, ppr. Saluting or receiving with kindness 
a new comer or guest. 

WELD, orWoLD, n. A plant of the genus rc5ed<7, used 
by dyers to give a yellow color, and sometimes called dy- 
ers’ weed. 

t WELD, V. t. To w'ield. Spenser. 

WELD, V. U [Sw. valla ,* G. wellen ; D. wellen.] To unite 
or hammer into firm union, as two pieces of iron, when 
heated almost to fusion. 

WELD'ED, pp. Forged or beat into union in an intense 
heat. 

WELD'ER, 77. 1. One who welds iron. 2. A manager; an 
actual occupant ; [oJs.] Swift. 

WELD'IXG, ppr. Uniting in an intense heat. 

WELD'IXG-HeAT, 77. The heat necessary for welding iron 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, D6VE ; — BTJLL, UNITE. — € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete, 


WEL 


922 


WES 


bfirt, which is said to be 60^ by Wedge wood’s pyrometer, 
and 8677'^ by Fahrenheit. 

\\"EL'FARE, n. [tccU and fare; G. wohlfahrt ; D. icel- 
vaa?’L] ]. Exemption from misfortune, sickness, calam- 
ity or evil ; the enjoyment of health and the common 
blessings of life; prosperity; happiness; applied to per- 
sons. 2. Exemption from any unusual evil or calami- 
ty ; the enjoyment of peace and prosperity, or the ordi- 
nary blessings of society and civil government ; applied 
to states. 

fWELK, V. i. [G. D. jcelkcn.] To decline; to fade; to 
decay ; to fall. 

fWEljK, V. t. To contract; to shorten. Spenser. 

•fWELK'ED, pp. or a. Contracted into wrinkles or ridges. 

WELK'tN, n. [Sax. wolc, tcolcen ; G.icollce.] The visible 
regions of the air ; the vault of heaven. [OZ>s. except in po- 
etry.] Mdton. 

WELKIN' EYE, in Shakspeare^ is interpreted by John- 
son^ a blue eye, from welkin^ the sky ; by Todd^ a rolling 
eye, from Sax. wealcan, to roll ; and by Entick, a languish- 
ing eye. 

WELKTNG, ppr. Fading; declining; contracting. 

WELL, n. [Sax. well; D. wel, locLleu.] 1. A spring; a 
fountaiti ; the iss’uing of water from the earth ; 2. 

A pit or cylindrical hole, sunk perpendicularly into the 
earth to such a depth as to reach a supply of water, and 
walled with stone to prevent the earth from caving in. — 
3. In ships, an apartment in the middle of a ship’s hold, 
to inclose the pumps, from the bottom to the lower deck. 
— 4. In afishiiiir vessel, an apartment in the middle of the 
hold, made tight at the sides, but having holes perforated 
in the bottom to let in fresh water for the preservation of 
fish, wiiile they are transported to market. — 5. In the 
itary art, a hole or excavation in the earth, in mining, 
from which run branches or galleries. Cyc. 

WELL'-DRaIN, n. A drain or vent for water, somewhat 
like a well or pit, serving to discharge the water of wet land. 

WELL'-DRaIN, v. t. To drain land by means of wells or 
pits, which receive the water, and from which it is dis- 
charged by machinery. 

WELL'-HOLE, or WELL, n. In architecture, the hole or 
space left in a door for the stairs. 

WELL'-ROOM, n. In a boat, a place in the bottom where 
the water is collected, and whence it is thrown out with 
a scoop. 

WELL'-SPRING, n. A source of continual supply. 

WELL'-WA-TER, n. The water that flovV^ into a well 
from subterraneous springs ; water drawn from a well. 

WELL, v.i. [Sax. wcllan.] To spring; to issue forth, as 
water from the earth. [Little used.] Dryden. 

t WELL, V. t. To pour forth. Spenser. 

WELL, a. [Sax. wel, or well ; G. wokl ; D. reel ; Sw. val ; 
Dan. vel ; W. gicell.] 1. Being in health ; having a sound 
body, with a regular performance of the natural and 
proper functions of all the organs. 2. Fortunate ; con- 
venient ; advantageous ; happy. 3. Being in favor. 

WELL, adr. 1. In a proper manner ; justly ; rightly ; not 
ill or wickedly. 2. Skillfully ; with due art. 3. Sulfi- 
ciently ; abundantly. 4. Very much; to a degree that 
gives pleasure. 5. Favorably ; with praise. 6. Conven- 
iently ; suitably ; advantageously. 7. To a sufficient de- 
gree ; perfectly. 8. Thoroughly ; fully. 9. Fully ; ade- 
quately. 10. Far. — Ss icell as, together with ; not less 
than ; one as much as the other; as, a sickness long «s 
well as severe. — TVell enough, in a moderate degree; so 
as to give satisfaction, or so as to require no alteration. — 
Well is him seems to be elliptical for well is to him. — Well 
is prefixed to many words, expressing what is right, fit, 
laudable, or not defective ; as ?fleZZ-afiected ; ?ceZ/-ordered. 
— Well is sometimes used elliptically for it is well, and as 
an expression of satisfaction with what has been said or 
done ; and sometimes it is merely expletive ; as, well, the 
work is done. 

W£LL'A-DA Y, alas, Johnson supposes to be a corruption of 
welawav, which see. Gay. 

WEIjL-Be ING, 71. [xcell and being.] Welfare; happiness; 
prosperity. 

WELL'-BE-L6V'ED, a. Greatly beloved. .4/arn: xii. 

WELL'-BORN, a. [?£?cZZ and fto?-?/.] Born of a noble or re- 
S[>ectable family ; riot of mean birth. Dryden. 

WELL'-BRED, a. [^oell and bred.] Educated to polished 
manners; polite. Roscommon. 

WE!jL-D6NE', evclam.. [well and done.] A word of praise ; 
bravely ; nobly ; in a right manner. 

WELL'FARE is now written welfare. 

WELL-Fa'VoRED, a. Handsome; well -formed ; beauti- 
ful ; pleasing to the eye. Gen. xxix. 

WELL-GROUND'ED, a. [?ceZZ and ^ro7tH£Z.] Well-found- 
ed ; having a solid foundation. 

t WELL'-HEAD, n. A source, spring or fountain. 

WELL-IN-TEN'TIONED, a. Having upright intentions or 
purposes. .Milner. 

WELL-MAN'NERED, c. [well and manner.] Polite; well- 
bred ; complaisant. Dryden. 


WELL'-MeAN-ER, 71. One whose intention is good. 
WELL'-MeAN-ING, a. Having a good intention. 
WELL-MET', exclatn. A term of salutation denoting joy at 
meeting. 

WELL-MlND'ED, a. [well and mind.] Well-disposed j 
having a good mind. 

WELL-MOR'AL-IZED, a. Regulated by good morals. 
WELL'-Na-TUREI), a. Good-natured ; kind. 
WELL'-NTGH, arZy. Almost; nearly. 

WELL'-SPENT, a. Spent or passed in virtue. Pope. 
VA''ELL'-SPoK-EN, a. [well and speak.] 1. Speaking well ; 
speaking with fitness or grace; or speaking kindly. 2. 
Spoken with propriety. 

WELL'-SWEEP. See Sweep. 

WELL-WILL'ER, v. One who means kindly. 
WELL-WISH', n. A w'ish of happiness. Addison. 
WELL-WISII'ER, 77. One who wishes the good of another. 
Addison. 

WELSH, a. [Sax. weallisc.] Pertaining to the Welsh na- 
tion. 

WELSH, n. 1. The language of Wales or of the Welsh. 
2. The general name of the inhabitants of Wales. The 
word signifies foreigners or loandcrcrs, and was given to 
this people by other nations, probably because they came 
from some distant country. 

WELT, 77. [W.gwald.] A border ; a kind of hem or edg- 
ing, as on a garment or piece of cloth, or on a shoe. 
WELT, V. t. To furnish with a welt ; to sew on a border. 
WEL'TER, V. i. [Sax. wccltan; Sw. valtra ; G. w alien ; 
Dan. vcelter.] To roll, as the body of an animal ; but usu- 
ally, to roll or wallow in some foul matter. Dryden. 
WELTER-ING, ppr. Rolling; wallowing, as in mire, 
blood, or other filthy matter. 

I WEM, 77. [Sax.] A spot ; a scar. Brerewood. 
t WEM, V. t. [Sax. icemman.] To corrupt. 

WEN, 77. [Sax. 7067777 ,• D. 70677.] All eucysted swelling or 
tumor; also, a fleshy excrescence growing on animals, 
sometimes to a large size. 

WENCH, 77. [Sax. 'wencle.] 1. A young woman ; [Z. 77.] 
Sidney. 2. A young woman of ill fame. Prior. — 3. In 
America, a black or colored female servant ; a negress. 
t\’'ENCH, V. i. To frequent the company of women of ill 
fame. 

WENCH'ER, 77. A lewd man. Grew. 

WENCH'ING, pp7*. Frequenting women of ill fame. 
WENCH'LTKE, a. After the manner of wenches. IfvJoct. 
WEND, V. i. [Sax. wendan.] 1. I’d go ; to pass to cr from ; 

[obsolete, except in poetry.] 2. To turn round ; [cZ7s.] 
fWEN'NEL, 77. A weanel. Ste Weanel. 

WEN'NISH, \ a. [from wen.] Having the nature of a 
WEN'NY, i wen. 

WENT, pret. of the obsolete verb wend. Vfe now arrange 
went, in grammar, as the preterit of ^ 0 , but in origin it has 
no connection with it. 

WENT, 77. Way ; course ; path. Spenser. 

WEPT. pret. and pp. of 7ceep. 

'''WERE, (wer, bat prolonged, when emphatic, into ware). 
This is used as the imperfect tense plural of be ; as, we 
were, you were, they were ; and in some other tenses. It 
is the Danish verb vwrer, to be, to exist, Sw. vara, and in 
origin has no connection with be, nor with was. It is 
united with be, to supply its want of tenses, as went ia 
with go. 

WERE, 77. A dam. Sc6 Wear. 

WERE'GILD, 77. [Sax. seer, and gild, geld.] Formerly, 
the price of a man’s head ; a compensation paid for a man 
killed, partly to the king for the loss of a subject, and 
partly to the lord of the vassal, and partly to the next 
of kin. 

WER-Nf.'RI-AN, a. Pertaining to Werner. 
WER'NER-ITE, n. A mineral, regarded by "Werner as a 
subspecies of scapolite ; called /oZiaterf sc<7p6/7t6. 

WERT, the second person singular of the subjunctive im- 
perfect tense of be. Sec Were. 

WERTH, or WORTH, in names, signifies a farm, court or 
village, from Sax. weorthig. Lye, Diet. 
t Wk'SIL, for loeasand. 

WEST, 77. [Sax., D., G. west; Dan. vest; Sw. vester ; Fr. 
07 t.est.] 1. In strictness, that point of the horizon v.^here 
the sun sets at the equinox, or any point in a direct line 
between the spectator or other object aiid that point of 
the horizon. 2. A country situated in the region towards 
the sun-setting, with respect to another. 

"WEST, a. 1. Being in a line towards the point where the 
sun sets when iji the equator ; or, in a looser sense, being 
in the region near the line of direction towards that point, 
either on the earth or in the heavens. 2. Coming or 
moving from the west or western region ; ns, a ircst wind. 
WEST, adv. To the western region ; at the westward ; 

more westward ; as, Ireland lies 7ccst of England, 
t WEST, V. i. To pass to the west ; to set, as tiie sun. 
t WEST'ER-TNG, a. Passing to the west. Jdilton. 
WEST'ER-LY, a. 1. Being towards the west ; situated in 
the western region. 2. Moving from the westward. 


* See S7jnopsis. A, £, I, O, "0, Y, 


long.- 


-FAR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, M.YRINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


WHA 


923 


WHE 


WEST^ER-LY, adv. Tending towards the west. 

WEST'ERiV, fl. [west, and l?ax. (prn.^ 1. Being in the 
west, or in the region nearly in the direction of west ; 
' being in that quarter where the sun sets. 2. Moving in a 
line to the part where the sun sets. 

WEST'ING, n. fc?pace or distance westward ; or departure. 

WEST’WAitD, adv. [Sax. westweard ; west and weard.] 
Towards the west. 

WEST' VVABD-LY, adv. In a direction towards the west. 

WET, a. [Sax. icwt Sw. vata; Dan. vwde.] 1. Containing 
water, as wet land ; or having water or other liquid upon 
the surface, as a wet table. 2. Rainy. 

_WET, /». J. Water or w^etness ; moisture or humidity in 
considerable degree. 2. Rainy weather ; foggy or misty 
Weather. 

WET, V. t. ; pret. and pp. wet ; but wetted is sometimes 
used. [Sax. wwtan ; Sw. vata ; Dan. vcedcr.] 1. To fill or 
moisten with water or other liquid ; to sprinkle or humec- 
tate ; to cause to have water or other fiuid adherent to 
the surface ; to dip or soak in li«mor. 2. To moisten with 
drink. 

WETH'ER, n. [Sax. wether, or wcdder.] A ram castrated. 

WET'A^ESS, V. 1. The state of being wet, either by being 
soaked or filled with liquor, or by having a liquid adlier- 
ent to the surface. 2. A watery or moist state of the at- 
rnos[)here ; a state of being rainy, foggy or misty. 

WET -SHOD, a. Wet over the shoes. Mirror for Magis- 
trates. 

WET'TISII, a. Somewhat wet ; moist ; humid. 

WEX, V. t. or i. To grow j to wax. [Ao£ to be wsed.] See 
Wax. 

Wi'VZAND, for iceasand. [See the latter.^ 

[Note. — In words beginning icith wh, the letter h, or aspi- 
rate, when both letters are pronounced, precedes the sound 
of w. Thus what, when, are pronounced hwat, hwen. 
So they were written by our ancestors, and so they ought to 
be written still, as they are by the Danes and Swedes.] 

WHACK, V. t. To strike. [H vulgar word.] 

WHALE, n. [Sax. hwal, hwcel ; G. loallfisch ; D. walvisch ; 
Sw., Dan. hval.] The general name of an order of ani- 
mals inhabiting the ocean, arranged in zoology under the 
' name of cete, or cetacea, and belonging to the class viannna- 
lia, in the Linnean system. The common whale is of the 
genus balxna. Jt is ;he largest animal of which we have 
any account, and probably the largest in the world. It is 
sometimes ninety feet in length in the northern seas, and 
in the torrid zone much larger. 

WHaLE'BONE, n. A firm, elastic substance taken from 
the upper jaw of the whale. 

WHaLE'-FISH-ER-Y, 11 . The fishery or occupation of 
taking whales. 

WHALL, or WHAUL, n. A disease in the eyes, called 
glaucoma. 

WHaL'Y, a. Marked with streaks ; properly, wealy. 

\VHAME, 11 . A species of fly, tabamis, the burrel-fly. 

t WHANG, 11 . [Sax. thwang.] A leather thong. 

WHANG, V. t. To beat. [JVb£ in use, or local.] Orose. 

WHAP, 7i. A blow. [Vulgar.] See Awhap. 

WH AFTER, 11 . Something uncommonly large of the kind. 
[ Vulgar.] 

WHARF, (hworf) n. [Sax. hivarf, hiceorf ; D. werf ; Dan. 
vetf ; Russ, vorph. In the plural, loharfs and wharves are 
both used.] A perpendicular bank or mound of timber, or 
stone and earth, raised on the shore of a luirbor, or ex- 
tending some distance into the water, for the convenience 
of lading and unlading ships and other vessels. 

WHARF, V. t. To guard or secure by a wharf or firm wall 
of timber or stone. 

WIIARF'AGE, n. The fee or dut)^ paid for the privilege of 
using a wharf for loading or unloading goods, timber, 
wood, &c. 

WHARF'ING, 11 . Wharfs in general. 

WIIARF'IN-GER, n. A man who has the care of a wharf, 
or the proprietor of a wharf. 

WHAT, pronoun relative, or substitute. [Sax. hwxt', Goth. 
ivaiht ; I). wat ; G. was ; Dan., Sw. head; Scot, quhat.] 
J. That w’hich. 2. Which part. 3. What is the substi- 
tute for a sentence or clause of a sentence. 4. What is 
used as an adjective, of both genders, often in specifying 
sorts or particulars ; as, see what colors this silk exhibits. 
5. What is much used in asking questions. 6. What 
time, at the time or on the day when. 7. To how great a 
degree. 8. Whatever. 9. Some part, or some. 10. What 
is sometimes used elliptically for what is this 1 or how is 
this? II. What is used interrogatively and elliptically, 
as equivalent to what will be the consequence? — What 
though, that is, grant this or that ; allow it to be so. — 
What ho, an exclamation of calling. 

tWHAT, V. Fare ; things; matter. Spenser. 

WHAT-EV'ER, pron. [what and ever.] 1. Being this or 
that ; being of one nature or another ; being one thing or 
another ; any thing that may be ; as, whatever is read, let 
it be read with attention. 2. All that ; the whole that ; 
all particulars that. 


WHAT-SO-EV'ER, a compound of what, so, and ever, h&S 
the sense of whatever, and is less used than the latter*^ 
Indeed it is nearly obsolete. — Whutso, in a like sense, is 
entjrely obsolete. 

WHkAL, n. A pustule. See Weal. 

WHkAT, 11 . [8ax. hweete •, Goth, hicit ; G. weitzen ; Sw, 
hvete ; Dan. hvede ; D. weit.] A plant of the genus triti- 
cum, and the seed of the plant, which furnishes a white 
flour for bread, and, next to rice, is the grain most gener- 
ally used by the human race. 

WIIkAT'-BIRD, 7A. A bird that feeds on wheat. 

WH kA' 1’'-KAR, 71. The English name of the motacilla 
cenanthe ; called, also, ichite-tail and fullow-fnch.- 

WHf.AT'EN,- (hweedn) a. Made of wheat. Tope. 

WHkAT'-PLUM, n. A sort of plum. 

WHEE'DLE, V. t. To flatter ; to entice by soft words. 

WHEE'DLE, V. i. To flatter ; to coax. 

WHEE'DLED, Flattered; enticed; coaxed. 

WIIEED'LER, 11 . One who wheedles. 

WIIEED'LING, ppr. Flattering ; enticing by soft words. 

WHEED'LING, n. The act of flattering or enticing. 

WHEEL, n. [Sax. Iiweol, hweohl, hweogl, hwrvgul ; D, 
wiel ,• Sw. hiul.] 1. A circular frame of wood, iron or 
other metal, consisting of a nave or hub, into which are 
inserted spokes which sustain a rim or felly ; the whoic 
turning on an axis. 2. A circular body. 3. A carriage 
that moves on wheels. 4. An instrument for toituring 
criminals. 5. A machine for spinning thread, of various 
kinds. G. Rotation ; revolution ; turn. 7. A tuining 
about ; a compass. — 8. In pottery, a round board turned 
by a lathe in a horizontal position, on which the clay is 
shaped by the hand. 

WHEEL'-AN-I-M.AL, n. A genus of animalcules, with 
arms for taking their prey, resembling wheels. 

WHEEL'-BAR-RoW, n, [wheel and ban'ow.] A barrow 
moved on a single wheel. 

WHEEL'-BoA']’, 11 . [wheel and boat.] A boat with wheels, 
to be used either on water or upon inclined planes. 

WHEEL'-GAR-RI AGE, n. [icheel and carriage.] A car- 
riage moved on wheels. 

t WHEEL'ER, n. A maker of wheels. 

WIIEEL'-FiRE, n. In chemistry, a fire which encompasses 
the crucible without touching it. Cyc. 

WHEEL'-SHaPED, a. In botany, rotate ; monopctalous, 
expanding into a flat border at top, tvith scarcely any 
tube. 

WH EEL'- WRIGHT, n. [wheel and wright.] Amnhv. hose 
occupation is to make wheels and wheel-carriage.-, as 
carts and wagons. 

WHEEL, V. t. 1. To conve}'^ on wheels. 2. To put into a 
rotary motion ; to cause to turn round. 

WHEEL, V. i. 1. To turn on an axis. 2. To turn : to 
move round. 3. To fetch a compass. 4. To roll foiAvard. 

WHEELED, pp. Conveyed on wheels ; turned ; rolled 
round. 

WHEEL'ING, ppr. Conveying on wdieels or in a wheel- 
carriage ; turning. 

WHEEL'ING, n. 1. The ;ict of conveying on wheels. 2. 
The act of passing on wheels, or convenience for passing 
on wheels. 3. A turning or circular movement of troops 
imbodied. 

WHEEL'Y, a. Circular ; suitable to rotation. Philips. 

WHEEZE, V. i. [Sax. hwevsan ; 8w. hes ; Dan. hvtrscr.] 
To breathe hard and with an audible sound, as persons 
affected with asthma. Swift. 

WHEEZTNG, ;>;77-. Breathing with difficulty and noise. 

WHELK, 77. 1. A wrinkle ; inequality on the surface ; pro- 
tuberance ; a pustule. 2. A shell of the genus buccinurn, 
or trumpet-shell, univalvular, spiral and gibbous, with an 
oval aperture ending in a short canal or gutter. 
WHELKED. SeeWELKED. 

WHELK'Y, a. Protuberant : embossed ; rounded. Spenser. 

WHELM, v.t. [8ax. ahwylfan : Goth, huhjan ; Ice. wilina, 
or hwilma.] 1. To cover with water or other fluid ; to 
cover by immersion in something that envelops on all 
sides. 2. To cover completely ; to immerse deeply ; to 
overburden. 3. To throw over so as to cover ; [ 0 ^ 75 .] 

WHELMED, pp. Covered, as by being immersed. 

WIlEliM'ING, ppr. Covering, as by immersion. 

WHELP, 77. [Dan. hvalp ; Sw. valp; D. welp.] ]. The 
young of the canine species, and of several other beasts of 
prey ; a puppy. 2. A son ; in contempt. Shale. 3. A 
young man ; in contempt. .Addison. 

WHELP, V. i. To bring forth young, as the female of 
the canine species and some other beasts of prey. Boyle. 

WHEN, 77de. [Goth. /7?fa77 ,• 'Snx. hwcenne ; G.7cct 777.] 1. At 
the time. 2. At w’hat time, interrogatively. 3. Which 
time. 4. After the time that. 5. At what time. — When 
as, at the time when ; what time ; [oA^.] Milton. 

WHENCE, adv. [Sax. htcanon.] 1. From what place. 2. 
From what source. 3. From which premises, principles 
or facts. 4. How ; by what way or means. Mark xii.- 
5. In general, from which person, cause, place, principle 
or circumstance. — From whence may be considered as 


Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, DOVE BIJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CII as SH ; TH as in this. | Obsolete, 


V 


WHI 


924 


WHI 


tautological, /rom being implied in whence ; but the use is 
well authorized. — Of whence is not now used. 

WHENCE-SO-EV'ER, ado. [whence^ so, and ever,'] From 
what place soever j from what cause or source soever. 

WHEi\CE-EV'ER. See Whensoever. 

WHEN-EV'ER, adv, [when and eeer.J At whatever time. 

WHEN-SO-EV'ER, adv. [when, so, and ever.] At what 
time soever ; at whatever time. Locke. 

WHERE, ado. [Sax. hwcer ; Goth, hwar ; Sw. hvar ; D. 
waar.] 1. At which place or places. 2. At or in what 
place. 3. At the place in whicli. 4. Whither; to what 
place, or from what place. — Any where, in any place. 

WHERE-A-BOUT^, [where txnd about.] J. Near what 
place. 2. Near which place. Shah. 3. Concerning which. 

WHERE-AS', ado. [where and a^.] 1. When in fact or 
truth ; implying opposition to something that precedes. 2. 
The thing being so that ; considering that things are so; 
implying an admission of facts. 3. Whereat ; at which 
place ; [065.] Spenser. 4. But on the contrary. 

WHERE-AT', adv. [where and at.] 1. At which. 2. At 
w'hat, interrogatively. 

WHERE-BY', ado. [where and by.] 1. By which. Shak. 
2. By what, interrogatively. Luke 1. 

WHERE'FORE, ado. [where and for.] 1. For which rea- 
son. 2. Why ; for what reason. 

WHERE-IN', arfy. [jo/tere and m.] 1. In which ; in which 
thing, time, respect, book, &.c. 2. In what. 

f WHERE-IN-To', adv. [where and into.] Into which. 
Bacon. 

t WHERE'NESS, 7t. Ubiety; imperfect locality. 

WIIERE-OF', ado. [where and of] 1. Of which ; as, we 
are not guilty of the crime whereof we are accused. 2. Of 
what : [06s'.] 

WIIIRIE-ON', ado. [where and on.] 1. On which. 2. On 
what ; [06s.] 

fWHERE'SO. See Wheresoever. 

WHERE-SO-EV'ER, ado. [where, so, and ever.] In what 
place soever ; in whatever place, or in any place indefi- 
nitely. 

t WHERE'THROUGH, ado. Through which. 

WHEKE-TO', ado. [where and to.] 1. To which. 2. To 
what ; to what end ; [little used.] 

WHERE-UN-TO', adv. [where and unto.] The same as 
whereto. [ Little used.] 

WIIERE-UP-ON', ado. Upon which. Clarendon. 

WH ERE-EV'ER, aiZu. [where tmd ever.] At whatever place. 

WHERE-WITfl', adv. [where and with.] 1. With which. 
2. With whvii, interrogatively. 

WHERE- WITH-AL', ado. The same as wherewith. 

WHERN, V. Probably a variation of quern. Dr. Clarke. 

WHER'RET, V. t. [G. wirren. Q,u.] To hurry ; to trouble ; 
to tease ; to give a box on the ear. [Low.] 

t WHER'RET, n. A box on the ear. Beaumont. 

WHER'RY, 7J. [a different orthography of/errt/.] 1. A boat 
used on rivers. It is also applied to some decked vessels 
used in fishing, in different parts of Great Britain and 
Ireland. Mar. Diet. 2. A liquor made from the pulp of 
crabs after the verjuice is expressed ; sometimes called 
cralh-wherry ; [local.] 

WHET, V. t. ; pret. and pp. whetted, or whet. [Sax. hxcet- 
tan ,• D. xcetten.] 1. To rub for the purpose of sharpening, 
as an edge tool ; to sharpen by attrition. 2. To provoke ; 
to excite; to stimulate. 3. To provoke; to make angry 
or acrimonious. — To whet on, or whet forward, to urge on ; 
to instigate ; [065.] Shak. 

WHET, n. 1. The act of sharpening by friction. 2. Some- 
thing that provokes or stimulates the appetite. Spectator. 

WHETH'ER, pronoun, or substitute. [Sax. hwcether.] 1. 
Which of two. 2. When classed among adverbs, it re- 
tains its original character, and denotes which of two al- 
ternatives, expressed by a sentence or the clause of a 
sentence, and followed by or ; as, “resolve whether you 
will go or not that is, you will go or not go ; resolve 
10 hie h. 

WHET'STONE, n. [xchet and 5forrc.] A stone used for 
sharpening edged instruments by friction. 

WHET'STONE-SLATE, or WHET'-SLATE, n. Novacu- 
Hte, or coticular shist, a variety of slate used for sharpen- 
irig instruments of iron. 

WHET'TED, pp. Rubbed for sharpening ; sharpened ; pro- 
voked ; stimulated. 

WHET'TER, n. He or that which whets or sharpens. 

WHET'TING, ppr. Rubbing for the purpose of making 
sharp ; sharpening ; provoking ; inciting. 

WHEW'ER, n. Another name of the widgeon. [Local.] 

WHEY, n. [Sax. hwceg ; D. wei, or hwi.] The serum or 
watery part of milk, separated from the more thick or co- 
agulable part, particularly in the process of making cheese. 

WHEY'EY, a. Partaking of whey ; resembling whey. 

WriEY'ISH, a. Having the qualities of whey. Philips. 

WHEY'-TUB, n. A tub in which whey stands for yielding 
cream, &c. Cyc. 

WHICH, pron. relative, or substitute, [qu. Sax. hwilc ,* G. 
wclcher ; D. welk.] 1. A word called a relative, or pronoxm 


relative, because it relates to another word or thing, usu- 
ally to some word that precedes it in the sentence. — 2. 
Which is much used in asking questions, for the purpose 
of obtaining the designation of a particular person or thing 
by the answer, and, in this use, it is of the masculine as 
well as of the neuter gender ; as, which man is it i 3. 
That which. 

WlilOH-EV^riR ) 

WHICH-SO-EV'ER, ( Whether one or the other. 

WHICK, a. Alive. JVoj-th of England. 

WHIFF, n. [W. gwif.] 1. A sudden expulsion of air from 
the mouth ; a pulf. — 2. In ichthyology, a species of plea 
ronectes or Rounder. 

WHIFF, V. t. To pulf ; to throw out in whiffs ; to consume 
in whiffs. 


WHIF'FLE, V. i. [D. weifclen ; G. zweifcln.] To start, shift 
and turn ; to change from one opinion or course to an- 
other ; to use evasions ; to prevaricate ; to be fickle and 
unsteady. 

WHIF'FLE, V. t. To disperse with a puff ; to scatter. 

WHIF'FLE, n. Anciently, a fife or small liute. 

WHIF'FLER, n. 1. One who whiffles or frequently changes 
his opinion or course ; one who uses shifts and evasions in 
argument. 2. A harbinger ; perhaps one who blows the 
horn or trumpet. 3. A young man who goes before a 
company in London, on occasions of public solemnity. 
Cyc. 

WHIF'FLING, ppr. Shifting and turning ; prevaricating ; 
shuffling. 

WHIF'FLING, n. Prevarication. 

WHIG, XI. [Sax. hicopg. See Whey.] Acidulated whey, 
sometimes mixed with buttermilk and sweet herbs ; used 
as a cooling beverage. [Local.] 

WHIG, n. [origin uncertain.] One of a political party 
which had its origin in England in the sevenieenth cen- 
tury, in the reign of Charles I. or II. 'I hose who sup- 
ported the king in his high claims, were called tones, and 
the advocates of popular rights were called irhigs. Du- 
ring the revolution in the United States, the friends and 
supporters of the war and the principles of the revolution 
were called whigs, and those who opposed them were 
called tories and royalists. 

WHIG'GAR-€HY, n. Government by whigs. [Cant.] Swift. 

WHIG'GISH, a. Pertaining to whigs; partaking of the 
principles of whigs. Swift. 

WHIG'GISM, 71. The principles of a w^hig. Swift. 

WHILE, V. [Sax. hwile ; Goth, hweila; G. xceil •, Dan. 
hvile.] Time ; space of time, or continued duration. — 
Worth ichile, worth the time which it requires ; worth 
the time and pains ; hence, worth the expense. 

WHILE, adv. 1. During the time that. 2. As long as. 
Watts. 3. At the same time that. Pope. 

WHILE, V. t. [W. gwylaio ; Dan. hviler ; Sw. hvila.] To 
while axoay, as time, in English, is to loiter ; o'", more 
generally, to cause time to pass away pleasantly, without 
irksomeness. 

WHILE, v. i. To loiter. Spectator. 

t WHTL'ERE, adv. [xohile and ere.] A little while ago. 

VVHiL'ING, ppr. Loitering; passing time agreeably, with- 
out impatience or tediousness. 

WHILK, xt. A shell. See Whelk. 

fWHl'LOM, adv. [Sax. hwilon.] Formerly; once; of old. 
Spenser. 

WHILST, adv. The same as while, which see. Whiles is 
not used. 

WHIM, 71. [Ice. hwima ; W. gxoim.] ]. Properly, a sudden 
turn or start of the mind; a freak ; a fancy ; a capricious 
notion. 2. A lotv wit; a cant xcord. 

WHIM'PER, V. i. [G. wimmern.] To cry with a low, 
whining, broken voice ; as, <a child xchimpers. Locke. 

WHIM'PER-ING, ppr. Crying with a low, broken voice. 

WHIM'PER-ING, 71. A low, muttering cry. 

WHIM'PLED, a word used by Shakspenre, is perhaps a 
mistake for whimpered. There is no such word. 

WHIM'SEY, XI. A whim ; a freak ; a capricious notion ; as, 
the xchimseys of poets. Swift. 

WHIM'SEY, V. t. To fill with whims. Beaumont and 
Fletcher. 

WHIM'SI-CAL, a. Full of whims; freakish; having odd 
fancies; capricious. Addison. 

WHIM'SI-CAL-LY, adv. In a whimsical manner; freak- 
ishly. 

WHIM'SI-€AL-NESS, n. Freakishness; whimsical dis- 
position ; odd temper. 

WHIM'-WHAM, 7?. [a ludicrous reduplication of whim.] 
A plaything; a toy ; an odd device ; a strange fancy. 

WHIN, XI. [Ill W. gxExjn is a weed ; L. genista spixiosa.] 
Gorse ; furze ; a plant of the genus ulez. Lee. 

WHIN'-AX, XI. [xchixi and axe.] An instrument used for 
extirpating whin from land. Cyc. 

WHIN'BREL, or WHIM'BREL, xi. A bird resembling the 
curlew. Diet. Mat. Hist. 

WHIN'-CHAT, XI. A bird, a species of warbler. 

WHINE, V. t. [Sax. wanian and ewanian ,• Goth, hwainoxi ; 


♦ See Synopsis. A, E, I, O, U, Y, FAR, FALL, WHAT PR|;Y ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD ;— f Obsolete. 


WHI 


WHI 


925 


Dan. hviner.'] To express murmurs by a plaintive cry ; to 
moan with a puerile noise ; to murmur meanly. 

WHINE, n. A plaintive lone ; the nasal, puerile tone of 
mean complaint ; mean or atlected complaint. Rowe. 

WHIN'ER, n. One who whines. 

WHiN'JNO, ppr. Expressing murmurs by a mean, plain- 
tive tone or cant. 

WHIN'N Y, V. i. [L. himiio.] To utter the sound of a horse j 
to neigh. 

WHIN'NY, a. Abounding in whins. JVicolson and Burn. 

WHIN'OE, n. [G. roeya^.J The small pig of a litter. J^ew 
England. 

WHIN'-STONE, 71. [whin and stone; Scot, quhyn-stane.] 
Whin-stone or lohiu is a provincial name given to basal- 
tic rocks, and applied by miners to any kind of dark-col- 
ored and hard, unstratitied rock, which resists the point 
of the pick. 

WHIN'-YaRD, n. A sword 5 in contempt. Hudibras. 

WHIP, V. t. [Sax. hweupan ; D. wippeyi, zwecpen; Dan. 
vipper.] 1. To strike with a lash or sweeping cord. 2. To 
sew slightly. 3. To drive with lashes. 4. To punish 
with the whip. 5. To lash with sarcasm. 6. To strike ; 
to thrash ; to beat out, as grain, by striking. — 'J'o tohip 
about or round, to wrap j to inwrap. Moxon. — To whip 
out, to draw nimbly; to snatch. — To whip from, to take 
away suddenly. — To whip into, to thrust in with a quick 
motion. — To whip typ, to seize or take up with a quick 
motion. 

WHIP, V. i. To move nimbly; to start suddenly and run ; 
or to turn and run. 

WHIP, n. [t:ax. hweop.'] 1. An instrument for driving 
horses or other teams, or for correction, consisting of a 
lash tied to a handle or rod. — 2. In ships, a small tackle, 
used to hoist light bodies. — Whip and spur, with the ut- 
most haste. 

WHIP-GORD, n. Cord of which lashes are made. 

WHIP'-GRAFT, V. t. To graft by cutting the cion and 
stock in a sloping direction, so as to fit eacli other, and by 
inserting a tongue on the cion into a slit in the stock. 

WHIP -GRaFT-ING, n. The act or practice of grafting by 
cutting the cion and stock with a slope, to fit each other, 
&c. Encyc. 

WHIP'-HAND, n. Advantage over. Dryden. 

W’'HIP'-LASH, n. The lash of a whip. Tusser. 

WHIPPED, pp. Struck with a whip; punished; inwrap- 
ed ; sewed slightly. 

WHIP'PER, n. One who whips; particularly, an officer 
who inflicts the penalty of legal whipping. 

WHIP'PER-SNAP PER, n. A diminutive, insignificant 
person. Brockett. 

WHIP PING, ppr. Striking with a whip; punishing with 
a whip ; inwrapping. 

WHtP'PING, n. The act of striking with a whip, or of 
punishing ; the state of being whipped. 

WHIP PING-PoST, n. [whippinir and post.] A post tc 
which offenders are tied when whipped. 

WHIP'PLE-TREE, n. [whip and tree; but qu. is it not 
whiffle-treel] The bar to which the traces or tugs of a 
harness are fastened, and by which a carriage, a plough, a 
harrow or other implement is drawn. 

WHIPTO-WIL, n. The popular name of an American 
bird, so called from its note, or the sounds of its voice. 
[Not whip-poor-will.] 

WHIP'-SAW, n. A saw to be used by two persons. 

WHIP'-STAFF, n. [whip and staff.] In ships, a bar by 
which the rudder is turned. 

WHIP'STER, w. A nimble fellow. Prior. 

WHIP^-STITCH, V. t. [whip and stich.] In agriculture, to 
half-plough or to rafter land. 

WHIP'-STOGK, 71. [whip and stock.] The rod or staff to 
which the lash of a whip is fastened. 

WHIPT, pp. of tohip ; sometimes used for whipped. 

"WHiR, V. i. To whirl round with noise ; to fly with noise. 

WHtR, V. t. To hurry. 

WHiRL, V. t. [Sax. hwyrfan; D. toervelen; G. wirbeln; 
Dan. hnirveler.] To turn round rapidly; to turn with 
velocity. 

WTIiRL, V. i. 1. To be turned round rapidly; to move 
round with velocity. 2. To move hastily. Dryden. 

WHiRL, n. [G. wirbcL ; Dan. hvh'vet.] 1. A turning with 
rapidity or velocity ; rapid rotation or circumvolution ; 
quick gyration. 2. Any thing that moves or is turned 
with velocity, particularly on an axis or pivot. 3. A hook 
used in twisting. — 4. In botany, a species of inflorescence, 
consisting of many subsessile flowers surrounding the 
stem in a ring. Martyn. 

WHiRL'-BAT, 71. [whirl and bat,] Any thing moved 
with a whirl as preparatory for a blow, or to augment the 
force of it. 

WHIRL'-BLaST, 71. A whirling blast of wind. 

WHiRL'-BONE, n. [whirl and bone.] The patella; the 
cap of the knee ; the kneepan. Ainsworth. 

WHIRLED, pp. 1. Turned round with velocity. — 2. In bot- 
any, growing in whirls ; bearing whirls ; verticillate. 


WHiRLT-GIG, 71. [whirl and gig.] 1. A toy which chiL 
dren spin or whirl round. — 2. In military antiquities, an 
instrunient for punishing petty offenders, as sutlers, 
brawling vvomen, «S£C.; a kind of wooden cage turning oa 
a pivot, in which the offender was whirled round with 
great velocity. 

WHiRLTNG, ppr. Turning or moving round with velo- 
city. 

WHiRL'ING-Ta-BLE, n. A machine contrived to exhibit 
and demonstrate the principal laws of gravitation, and 
of the planetary motions in curvilinear orbits. 

t WHiRL'-PlT, n. A whirlpool. 

WHiRLTOOL, n. [whirl and pool.] An eddy of water ; 
a vortex or gulf where the water moves round in a circle. 

WHIRL' WIND, n. [whirl and wind.] A violent wind 
moving in a circle, or rather ia a spiral form, as if moving 
round an axis. 

WHIR-RAW^ See Hoora. 

WHlR'RlNG, 71. The sound of a partridge’s or pheasant’s 
wings. 

W^HlbH, V. i. To become silent. JVorth of England. 

W^HISK, n. [G., D. wisch.^ 1. A small bunch of grass, 
straw, hair or the like, used for a brush ; hence, a brush or 
small besom. 2. Fartof a woman’s dress ; a kind of tippet. 

WHISK, V. t. 1. To sweep, brush or wipe with a whisk. 

2. To sweep along ; to move nimbly over the ground. 

WHISK, V. i. To move nimbly and with velocity. 

WHISK'ER, n. Long hair growing on the human cheek. 

WHfSK'ERED, a. Formed into whiskers ; furnished with 

whiskers. 

WHISK'ET, ?i. A basket. [Local.] 

WHISK'ING, ppr. Brushing; sweeping along; moving 
with velocity along the surface. 

WHIS KY, n. [Ir. uisge, water, whence usquebaugh ; W. 
zeysg.] A spirit distilled from grain. 

WHIS'FER, V. i. [Sax. hwisprian ; Dan. hvisker ; Sw, 
hviska.] 1. To speak with a low, hissing or sibilant 
voice. 2. To speak with suspicion or timorous caution. 

3. To plot secretly ; to devise mischief. 

WHIS'FER, V. t. 1. To address in a low voice. 2. To ut- 
ter in a low, sibilant voice. 3. To prompt secretly. 

WHIS'FER, n. 1. A low, soft, sibilant voice ; or words ut- 
tered with such a voice. 2. A cautious or timorous speech. 
3. A hissing or buzzing sound. 

WHIS'PERED, pp. Uttered in a low voice ; uttered with 
suspicion or caution. 

WHlfe'PER-ER, n. 1. One who whispers. 2. A tattler; 
one who tells secrets ; a conveyer of intelligence secretly. 
3. A backbiter; one who slanders secretly. Proc. xvi. 

WHIS'FER-ING, ppr. Speaking in a low voice ; telling se- 
cretly ; backbiting. 

Wins PER-ING, n. The act of speaking with a low voice ; 
tlie telling of tales, and exciting of suspicions ; a back- 
biting. 

WHIS'FER-TNG-LY, ado. In a low voice. 

WHIST, a. [Corn. /ruisL] Silent; mute; still ; not speak- 
ing ; not making a noise. Milton. — Whist is used for bo 
silent. Whist, whist, that is, be silent. 

WHIST, n. A game at cards, so called because it requires 
silence or close attention. 

WHIS'TLE, (whis'l) v. i. [Sax. hwistlan ; Sw. hvissla ; 
Dan. hvidslcr.] 1. To utter a kind of musical sound, by 
pressing the breath through a small orifice formed by con- 
tracting the lips. 2. To make a sound with a small wind- 
instrument. 3. To sound shrill, or like a pipe. 

WHIS'TLE, V. t. 1. To form, utter or modulate by whis- 
tling. 2. To call by a whistle. 

WHIS'TLE, 7t. [Sax. hwistle ; D. fistula.] 1. A small wind- 
instrument. 2. The sound made by a small wind instru- 
ment. 3. Sound made by pressing the breath through a 
small orifice of the lips. 4. The mouth ; the organ of 
whistling ; [vulgar.] 5. A small pipe, used by a boat- 
swain to summon the sailors to their duty ; the boat- 
swain’s call. 6. The shrill sound of winds passing among 
trees or through crevices, <Slc. 7. A call, such as sports- 
men use to their dogs. 

WHISTLED, pp. Sounded with a pipe; uttered in a 
whistle. 

WH IS'TLE-FISH, n. A local name of a species of gadus, 
with only two fins on the back. 

WHIS'TLER, n. One who whistles. 

WHIS'TLING, ppr. Uttering a musical sound through a 
small orifice of the lips ; sounding with a pipe ; making a 
shrill sound, as wind. 

WH IS'TLY, Silently. 

WHIT, n. [Sax. iciht.] A point; a jot ; the smallest part 
or particle imaginable. 

WHITE, a. (^ax. hwit ; Sw. hvit ; Dan. hvid ; D. wit; G. 
weiss.] 1. Being of the color of pure snow ; snowy ; not 
dark. 2. Pale ; destitute of color in the cheeks, or of the 
tinge cf blood color. 3. Having the color of purity ; 
pure ; clean ; free from spot. 4. Gray ; as, white hair. 
5. Pure ; unblemished. — 6. In a Scriptural sense, purified 
from sin ; sanctified. Ps. li. 


* See Synopsis. IMOVE, BOOK, DOVE ; — BULL, UNITE. — € as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in thu. | Obsolete. 


WHI 


926 WHO 


White, n, l. one of the natural colors of bodies, but not 
strictly a color, for it is said to be a composition of all the 
colors ; destitution of all stain or obscurity on the surface ; 
whiteness, id, A white spot or thing ; the mark at wliich 
an arrow is shot.— fV/iite of the eye, that part of the ball 
of the eye surrounding the iris or colored part. — Ifhite of 
an egg, the albumen, or pellucid, viscous lluid, which 
surrounds the vitellus or yelk. 

Wlil/E, V. u To make white ; to whiten ; to whitewash. 

VVHiTE -BaIT, 71. A very small, delicate fisli. 

WHiTE'-BeAM, 71. The white-leaf-tree. Lee. 

WHiTE'-BEaR, 77 . [white bear. 1 The bear that in- 
habits the polar regions. 

WHp’E'-BRAiST, n. A species of the duck kind. 

WHiTE'-BL-G, .*/. An insect of the bug kind. 

WHi'J’E'-€AiM'Pl-OM, n. A pernicious perennial weed, 

VVHiTE'-€AT'ER-PlL-LAll, 7/. An insect. 

VVHil'E -CEN'TAIJ-R Y, n. An armual weed in woods. 

WHi'i'E'-CLo-VER, 77. A small species of perennial clo- 
ver, bearing white flowers. 

WiliTE'— EROP, «. White crops, in agriculture, are such 
as become white in ripening, as vvhetft. 

"WHITE -Ua J l'NEL, n. A troublesome weed. 

WHiTE'-eAR, or VYHiTE'-TaIL, n. A bird, the fallow- 
finch. 

WHITE'-FACE, or WHTTE'-BLAZE, 77. A white mark 
in the forehead of a horse, descending almost to the 
nose. 

WIIITE'-FILM, 77. A white film growing over the eyes 
ofsheep. 

WHITE'- FOOT, 77. A white mark on the foot of a horse. 

WHITE'-H6N'EY-SU€-KLE, n. A name sometimes giv- 
en to the white clover. Cyc. 

WHI'PE'-HORS E-FISH, n. In ichthyology, t!ie raia 
fullunica of Linne. 

WHITE'-LAN'D, it. A name which the English give to a 
tough, clayey soil, of a whitish hue when dry. 

WHITE'-LEAD, 77. A carbonate of lead, much used in 
paniting. D. Olmsted. 

WHITE'-LlMED, a. Whitewashed, or plastered with 
linie. 

WHITE'-IiTNE, 77. Among printers, a void space, broader 
than usual, left between lines. 

"WHlTE'-Ll V'ERED, a. 1. Having a pale look; feeble; 
cowardly. 2. Envious ; malicious. 

WHiTE'-M AN'GA-NESE, 77. An ore of manganese; car- 
bonated oxj^dized manganese. 

WHI'I’E'-.MeAT, 77. [lohit^ and weat.'\ Meats made of 
milk, butter, cheese, eggs and the like. Suenser. 

WHi'PE'-P( )P L AR, 71. A tree 01 tlie poplar kind. 

WHTTE'-POP'Py, 77. A species of popjiy. 

WHITE'-POT, 71. [ichite and pot.\ A kind of food made 
of milk, cream, eggs, sugar, &lc. baked in a pot. King. 

WHTTE'-PRE-ClP'i-TAl'E, 77. Carbonate of mercury. 

WHITE'-PY-RT'TES, 71. An ore of a tin- white color. 

WHITE'-RENT, 77. In Devo7i and Co7'nwall, a rent or duty 
of eight pence, payable yearly by every tinner to the 
duke of Cornwall, as lord of tlie soil. 

WHITE'-SALT, 77. Salt dried and calcined; decrepitated 
salt. 

WHTTE'STER, ti. A bleacher. [Local.] 

WHITE'STONE, 7?. In geology, a species of rocks. 

WHITE'-SWELL-ING, n. A swelling or chronic enlarge- 
ment of the joints, circumscribed, without any alteration 
in the color of the skin, sometimes hard, sometimes 
yielding to pressure, sometimes indolent, but usually 
painful. 

WHiTE'-TaTL, 77. A bird, the wheat-ear. 

WHTTE'-THORN, ??. A species of thorn. 

WTlITE'-THRoAT, 77. A small bird. Lm7ie. 

WHTTE'-VIT'RI-OL, 71. Sulphate of zink. Cyc. 

WTIITE'WASH, 77. 1. A wiish or liquid composition for 
whitening something; a wash for making the skin fair. 
2. A composition of lime and water, used for whitening 
the plaster of walls, &c. 

WHTTE'WASII, 7 ). t. 1. To cover with a white liquid com- 
position, as with lime and water, &c. 2. To make 

white ; to give a fair external appearance. 

WHITE WASHED, pp. Covered or overspread with a 
white liquid composition. 

WHTTE'WASH-ER, 77. One who whitewashes the walls 
or plastering of apartments. 

WHITE'WASH-ING, p/7r. Overspreading or washing with 
a white liquid composition. 

WHFl'E'- WA-TER, v. A disease of sheep. 

WHTTE'-WAX, 77. Bleached wax. 

WlirPE'-WINE, 77. Any wine of a clear, transparent color, 
bordering on white, as Madeira, Lisbon, &c. 

WHITE'WOOl), 77. A species of timber-tree growing in 
N. America, the liriodendron , or tulip-tree. Mease. 

WHITED, pn. Made white ; whitened. 

t WHITE'LY, ado. Coming near to white. Shak. 

WHIT'EN, (hwi'tn) v. t. To make white ; to bleach ; to 
blanch. 


WHIT'EN, V. i. To grow white; to turn or become 
white. 

WHiT'ENED, p 2 >. Made white ; bleached. 

WHiT'EN-ER, 71. One who bleaches or makes white. 

WHiTE'NESS, 77. 1. The state of being wliite; white 

color, or freedom from any darkness or obscurity oji the 
surface. 2. Paleness ; want of a sanguineous tinge in 
the face. 3. Purity ; cleanness ; freedom from stain or 
blemish. 

"WHITES, 77. The fluor albus, a disease of females. 

WHTfH'ER, adv. [Sax. hwyder.] 1 . To wlnit place, 777- 
tc7'rogatively. 2. To what place, absolutely. 3. To 
which place, relatively. 4. To what point or degree. 5. 
WJ)ithersoever. 

WHITH'ER-SO-EV'ER, adv. To whatever place. 

WHIT'ING, 77. [from white.] 1. A sniall sea fish. Cyc. 
2. The same as Spanish white, which see. 

WHIT'JSH, a. Somewhat white ; wliite in a moderate de- 
gree. Hoyle. 

WHIT'ISH-NESS, r.. The quality of being somewhat 
white. Boyle. 

WIHT'LEATH-ER, 77. Leather dressed with alum, remark- 
able for its toughness. Cliap7na7i. 

WHlT'LoW, 71. [Sax. hwit, white, and low, a flame. Qu.] 

1. In surgery, paronychia, a swelling or inflammation 
about the nails or ends of the fingers, or affecting one or 
more of the phalanges of the fingers, generally termina- 
ting in an abscess. — 2. In sheep, tlie whitlow is a disease 
of the feet, of an inflammatory kind. 

WHIT'LoW-GRASS, 77. 1. Mountain knot-grass. Cyc. 

2. A name given to certain species of draba. Lee. 

WHIT'SOUR, 71. A sort of apple. 

T WHIT'STER, 77. A wliitener ; a bleacher. Shak. 

WHIT'SUL, 77. A provincial name of milk, sour milk, 
cheese-curds and butter. Carew. 

WHIT'SUN, a. Observed at Whitsuntide. Shak. 

WHIT'SUN-TIDE, [white, S7inday and tide.] The 
feast or season of Pentecost ; so called, it is said, because, 
in the primitive church, those who had been newly bap- 
tized appeared at church between Easter and Pentecost 
in white garments. Cyc. 

WHI'!'''J'EN-TREE, 7?. A sort of tree. Abisworth. 

WHIT'TLE, 77 . [t^ax. Iwritel, hicitle.] 1. A small pocket 
knife. 2. A white dress for a woman. 

WHIT'TLE, V. t. 1. To pare or cut off the surface of a 
thmg with a small knife. 2. To edge ; to sharpen ; [cis.] 

WHl'TY-BROWN, a. Of a color between white and 
brown. [Local in K7igla7id.] Pegge. 

WHIZ, V. t. [allied to /77ss.] To make a humming or hiss- 
ing sound, like an arrow or ball flying through the air. 

M’^HIZ, 77. A hissing sound. 

WHIZ'ZING, ppr. Making a humming or hissing sound. 

WHO, (hoo) pron. relative, [^ax. hwaj D. 7cie ; L. yni; Fr. 
gue.] 1. fVho is a pronoun relative, always referring to 
persons. 2. Which of many. 3. It is much used in ask- 
ing questions ; as, who art thou ? 4. It has sometimes a 
disjunctive sense. — 5. Whose is of all genders ; .as, ichose 
book is this ? — As 7cho should say, elliptically for as one 
7i)ho should say. Collier. 

WHo-EV'ER, 77ro77. [ 777/70 and ewer.] Any one without ex- 
ception ; any person whatever. 

WHOLE, (hole) a. [In Sax. icalg, on7ralg ; D. heel, geheel ; 
G. heil ; Sw. hel ; Dan. heel.] 1. All ; total ; containing 
the total amount or number, or the entire thing; as, the 
whole earth. 2. Complete ; entire ; not defective or im- 
perfect ; as, a 7/7/70/e orange. 3. Unimpaired ; unbroken ; 
uninjured. 4. Sound ; not hurt or sick. 5. Restored to 
health and soundness ; sound ; well. 

WHOLE, 77. 1. The entire thing; the entire or total as- 
semblage of parts. 2. A system ; a regular combination 
of parts. Pope. 

WHoLE'SALE, n. [whole and sale.] 1. Sale of goods by 
the piece or large quantity ; as distinguished irom retail. 

2. The whole mass. 

WHoLE'SALE, a. 1. Buying and selling by the piece or 
quantity. 2. Pertaining to the trade by the piece or 
quantity. 

WHoLE'SoME, a. [whole and some ; G. heilsam.] 1. 
Tending to promote health ; fiivoring health ; salubrious ; 
as, zcholesorne air. 2. Sound ; contributing to the health 
of the mind ; favorable to morals, religion or prosperity. 

3. Useful ; salutary ; conducive to public happiness, virtue 
or peace. 4. That utters sound words. .5. Kindly; 
pleasing. — Wholeso7ne ship, a ship that will try, hull and 
ride well. Diet. 

WHoLE'S6ME-LY, adv. In a wholesome or salutary 
manner ; salubriously. 

WHoLE'SoME-NESS, n. 1. The qu.ality of contributing 
to health ; salubrity. 2. Salutariness ; conduciveness to 
the health of the mind or of the body politic. 

WfloL'LY, 777 / 7 -. 1. Entirely; completely; perfectly. 2. 

Totally ; in all the parts or kinds. Addiso7i. 

WHOM* (boom.) The objective o? v:ho, coinciding with the 
L. quern and quam. 


* See Synopsis. A, 2, I, O, U, Y, Zori^-.-FAR, FALL, WHAT ;-PR£Y ;-PIN, MAR"INE, BIRD ;— | Obsolete. 


927 


WIL 


WID 


WHcjM'SO-EV'ER, pron. [whom and soever.] Any person, 
witliout exception, 
t WlIOU'BUIi, for hubbub. Shak. 

WHOOP, (lioopj. [This is the same as hoop, but aspirated ; 
Ooth. locpifuii^ tax. hweopan.] 1. A shout of pursuit. 
2. A shout of war ; a particular cry of troops wJieu they 
rusli to the attack. 3. 'J'he bird called hoopoe or upupa. 
WHOOP, V. i. 'J'o shout with a particular voice. Shak. 
WHOOP, V. t. To insult with shouts. Drydcn. 

WHOOT, (hoot) V. i. See Hoot. 

* WHOP, n. [the vulgar pronunciation of zohap or owhap.] A 
sudden fall, or the suddenness of striking in a fall. 
WHORE, (hbre) n. [Sax. hor-cweuj hore-wotnan j Sw. ho~ 
Dan. horc, hore-kone ; G. /mre ; D. hoer.] 


ra, hor-kuna 
A harlot ; a courtesr 


n ; a concubine ; a prostitute. 


WHORE, V. i. To have unlawful sexual commerce j to 
practice levvdness. 

WHORE, V. t. To corrupt by lewd intercourse. [L. u.] 

WHoRE'DoM, (hore'dum) n. 1. Lewdness; fornication ; 
practice of unlawful commerce with the other sex. — 2. In 
Scripture^ idolatry ; the desertion of the worship of the 
true God for the worship of idols. 

VvT^HoRE'iMAS-TER, n. One vviio practices lewdness. 

WHoilE'*MoN-GER, n. The same as ichoreiuaster. 

WHoRE'ii^oN, 71. A bastard ; zised in contempt. Shak. 

WHoR'ISH, a. Lewd; unchaste; addicted to unlawful 
sejnial pleasures ; incontinent. 

WfloR'lriH-L V, adc. In a lewd manner. 

WHoRHSH-NESS, n. The practice of lewdness; the char- 
acter of a lewd woman. Hale. 

WH6RL, 


WHO RLE, 


See Whirl. 


WH6RT, 71. The fruit of the wliortleberry ; or the shrub. 

WH6R 'I'LE-BER-RV", //. [Sax. heort-berg.] A plant or 
shrub and its fruit, of the genus vaccinium. 

WHOSE, (hooz). 'J’he possessive or genitive case of zcho 
or lohich ; applied to persons or things. 

WHOSE-SO-E V'ER, pron. [whose and soever.] Of any 
person whatever. John xx. 

fWHO'SO, (hoo'so) pron. Any person whatever. 

WHO-SO-EV'ER, pron. [who, so and ever.] Anyone ; any 
person whatever. 

JWHUR, V. i. 'To pronounce the letter r wuth loo much 
force. 

WHUR, 71. The sound of a body moving through the air 
with velocity. See Whir. 

WMURT, 71. A whortleberry or bilberry. See Whort. 

WH"5', adc. [Sax. hwi, and for hici, or for hwig, for why. 
So pouryuoi, in French, is the same ; pour, and L. quid, 
quod, for what.] 1. For what cause or reason, interroga- 
tively. 2. For which reason or cause, relatively. 3. For 
what reason or cause ; for which ; relatively. 4. It’ is 
used, sometimes, emphatically, or rather as an expletive. 

WH^ NO'J’, 71. A cant word for violent and peremptory 
procedure. Iludibras. 

WI, from the Gothic weiha, signifies holy. It is found in 
some names, as in Wibert, holy-bright, or bright-holy. 

WIG, WIGK, a termination, denotes jurisdiction, as in 
bailiwick. Its primary sense is a village or mansion, L. 
vicus ,* Sax. wic, or wyc ; hence it occurs in Berwick, //cr- 
tvich, JVorwich, &cc. It signifies also a bay or a castle. 


Gibson. 

WiGK, 71. [Sax. zveoc ,* Sw. veke ; Ir. huaic.] A number of 
threads of cotton or some similar substance, loosely twist- 
ed into a string, round which wax or tallow is applied, 
and thus forming a candle or torch. 

WIGK'ED, a. [Sw. vika, to decline, to err ; Sax. wican, to 
recede, to slide, to fall away.] J. Evil in principle or 
practice ; deviating from the divine law ; addicted to vice ; 
sinful ; immoral. 2. A word of slight blame. 3. Curs- 
ed ; baneful ; pernicious ; [oZ>5.] — The wicked, in Scripture, 
persons who live in sin. 

WI€K'ED-LY, adv. In a manner or with motives and de- 
signs contrary to the divine law ; viciously ; corruptly ; 
immorally. 

WIGK'ED-NESS, n. Departure from the rules of the divine 
law; evil disposition or practices; immorality; crime; 
sin ; sinfulness ; corrupt manners. 

WIGK'EN, ) n. 'Idle sorbus aucuparia, mountain- 

WIGE'EN-TREE, ) ash, or roan-tree. 

WIGK'ER, a. [Dan. vicn, probably contracted from vigen.] 
Made of twigs or oziers ; as, a wicker basket. 

WIGK'E'r, 77. [Yr. guichet W. ,g-?riccd.] A small gate. 

WIGK'LIFF-ITE, ??. A follower of Wickliffe. 

WID'DY. See Withy. 

WIDE, a. [Sax. zcid, zcide ; D. zoyd ; G. zvcit ; Dan.'yi'/.] 
1. Broad ; having a great or considerable distance or ex- 
tent between the sides ; opposed to narrow ; as, zcidc 
cloth. 2. Broad ; having a great extent each way. 3. 
Remote ; distant. 4. Broad to a certain degree. 

WIDE, adv. 1. At a distance ; far. 2. With great extent; 
used chiejhj in composition ; ns, 7/a'de-skirted meads. 

WTDE'LY, a'/c. 1 . With great extent each way. 2. Very 
much ; to a great distance ; far. 


WTD'EN, V. t. To make wide or wider ; to extend in breadth 

WID EN, V. i. To grow wide or wider ; to enlarge ; to exr 
tend itself. Pope. 

WID ENED, pp. Made wide; extended in breadth. 

WiDE'NESS, n. 1. Breadth ; width ; great extent between 
the sides. 2. Large extent in all directions. 

WlD'EN-lNG, ppr. Extending the distance between the 
sides ; enlarging in all directions. 

WIDGEON, 77. A fowl of the duck kind. 

WlD oW, n. [Sax. widew ; G. wittice; D. trcdazre; Dan, 
vidae ; L. vidua.] A woman who has lost her husband by 
death. Luke ii. 

WlD'oW, V. t. 1. 'To bereave of a husband; but rarely 
used except in the participle. 2. 'J’o endow with a wid- 
ow’s right; [unusual.] 3. To strip of any thing good. 

WlD'oVV -BENCH, 77. [zvidoto and bimch .] in i>77.s-.s7 jr, that 
share which a widow is allowed of her husband’s estate, 
besides her Jointure. 

WlD'oWED, pp. 1. Bereaved of a husband by death. 2. 
Deprived of some good ; stripped. Philips. 

WlD'oW-ER, 7t. Am an who has lost his Wife by death. 

WID'oW-HOOD, 77. 1. The state of being a widow. 2, 
Estate settled on a widow ; [t;/7S.] Shak. 

Wl D'oW-H (JN'l'T^R, 77. [widow and hunter.] One who 
seeks or courts widows for a jointure or fortune. 

WlD'oW-ING, ppr. Bereaving of a husband; depriving; 
stripping. 

WIE'oW-MaK'ER, 77. [zcidow and maker.] One who 
maluis widows by destroying lives. Shak. 

WID oW-WaIL, 77. Ih botany, a [ilant. Lee. 

WID'l’H, 77. [from zvide ; G. zveite ; D. zrzjdte.] Breadth j 
wkleness ; the extent of a thing from side to side. 

WIkLD, z\ t. [Sax. wealdun, zvaldan ; Goth, ga-iraldav .] 

1. 'I’o use with full command or power, as a thing not too 
heavy for tlie holder to manage. 2. 'i’o use or employ 
with the hand. 3. 'I’o handle ; in aii ironical sense . — 1'a 
wield the sceptre, to govern with supreme command. 

WIkLD'ED, pp. Used with command ; managed. 

WIkLD'ING, ppr. Using with power ; managing. 

WlKLD'LEyS, a. Unmanageable. Spenser. 

WHeLD'Y, a. 'I’hat may he wielded; manageable. 

WI'ER-Y, a. 1. JMade of wire; having the properties of 
wire. 2. [Sax. zcwr, a pool.] Wet ; marshy ; [w^s.] Shak. 

WIFE, 77. ; plu. Wives, [t^ax. zcif ; D. wyf.] 1. 'I'he law- 
ful consort of a man ; a woman who is united to a man in 
the lawful bonds of wedlock; the correlative of husband. 

2. A woman of low employment ; as, straw berry-Tcircs ; 

[oZ7S.] 

WTFE'HOOD, 77. State and character of a wife. Beaumont 
and Fletcher. 

WIFE LESS, a. Without a wife ; unmarried. Chaucer. 

WIFE'LY, a. Becoming a wife. Dryden. 

WIG, in Saxon, signifies war. It is found in some names. 

WIG, 77. [G. zceck.] 1. A covering for the head, consisting 
of hair interwoven or united by a kind of net-work, for- 
merly much worn by men. 2. A sort of cake ; [obs.] 

WlG'EON. See Widgeon. 

WIGHT, 77. [Sax. wiht , G. wicht Goth, waiht.] A being; 
a person. It is obsolete, except in irony or burlesque. 

f WIGHT, 77. [Sax. /izrfft.] Swift; nimble. Speziser. 

f WIGHT'LY, adv. Swiftly ; nimbly. Spenser. 

WIG'WAjM, 77. An Indian cabin or hut, so called in Jdmer- 
ica. It is sometimes written weekwam. 

WILD, a. [Sax., D., G. 7C7/7Z ; Sw., Dan. uiW.] 1. Roving; 
wandering ; inhabiting the forest or open field ; hence, 
not tamed or domesticated ; as, a zcild boar. 2. Growing 
without culture ; as, zcild parsnep. 3. Desert ; not inhab- 
ited. 4. Savage ; uncivilized ; not refined by culture. 
5. Turbulent; tempestuous; irregular. 6. Licentious; 
ungoverned. 7. Inconstant ; mutable ; fickle. 8. Inor- 
dinate; loose. 9. Uncouth; loose. 10. Irregular ; disor- 
derly ; done without plan or order. 11. Not well di- 
gested ; not framed according to the ordinary rules of rea- 
son ; not being within the limits of probable practicability ; 
imaginary ; fanciful. 12. Exposed to the wind and sea. 
13. Made or found in the forest. — Wild is prefixed to the 
names of many plants, to distinguish them from such of 
the name as are cultivated in gardens; as, wild basil, 
zcild olive, &c. 

WILD, 77. A desert ; an uninhabited and uncultivated tract 
or region ; a forest or sandy desert. 

WILD'FIRE, 77. [wild and fre.] 1. A composition of in- 
flammable materials. 2. A disease of sheep, attended 
with inflammation of the skin ; a kind of erysipelas. 

WrLD'-FOWL, zi. Fowls of the forest, or untamed. 

WTLD'-GOOSE, n. [zcild and goose.] An aquatic fowl of 
the genus anas, the azias ansrr, a fovd of passage. — Wild- 
goose chase, the pursuit of something as unlikely to be 
caught as the wild-goose. Shak. 

WILD'-H6N-EY, 77. [ 7777 / 7 / and honey.] Honey that is found 
in the forest, in hollow trees or among rocks. 

WTLD'-LAND, v. [?n77/ and / t 77.></.] 1. Land not cultiva- 

ted, or in a slate that renders it unfit for cultivati(;ii. — 2. 
In America, forest ; land not settled and cultivated. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE. BOOK , DoVE ;— BjJLL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as Sll ; TH as in this. \ Obsolete. 


WIL 


928 


WIN 


WILiy-SER*VICE, n. A plant. Miller. 

WJL'DER, V. t. [Dan. viWer.] To lose or cause to lose the 
way or track ; to puzzle with mazes or difficulties 3 to be- 
wilder. Pope. 

WIL'DERED, pp. Lost in a pathless tract; puzzled. 

WIL'DER-IA'G, jppr. Puzzling. 

WIL'DER-NESS, w. [from tcwd.] 1. A desert ; a tract of 
land or region uncultivated and uninhabited by human 
beings, whether a forest or a wide, barren plain. — In the 
United States^ it is applied only to a forest. — In Scripture, 
it is applied frequently to the deserts of Arabia. 2. The 
ocean. 3. A state of disorder 3 [o& 5 .] 4. A wood in a 
garden, resembling a forest. 

WILD'ING, n. A wild, sour apple. Mortimer. 

WiLD'LY, ado. 1 . Without cultivation. More. 2. With- 
out tameness. 3. With disorder ; with perturbation or 
distraction ; with a fierce or roving look. 4. Without at- 
tention 3 heedlessly. 5. Capriciously 3 irrationally ; ex- 
travagantly. 6 . Irregularly. 

WILD'NESS. n. 1. Rudeness: rough, uncultivated state. 

2. Inordinate disposition to rove ; irregularity of manners. 

3. Savageness ; brutality. 4. Savage state 3 rudeness. 
.5. Uncultivated state. 6 . A wandering ; irregularity. 7. 
Alienation of mind. 8 . State of being untamed. 9. The 
quality of being undisciplined, or not subjected to method 
or rules. 

WiLD.S, n. Among farmers, the part of a plough by which 
it is drawn. [Local.] 

WILE, n. [Sax. wile; Ice. wul ; W. /eZ.] A trick or strat- 
agem practiced for insnaring or deception 3 a sly, insidi- 
ous artifice. 

WILE, V. t. To deceive ; to beguile. [L. u.] Spenser. 

WPLf-LY, ado. By stratagem ; with insidious art. 

Wl'Lf-NESS, 71. [from wily.] Cunning 3 guile. 

WILK, or WfllliK, n. [G. loelken, to wither or cause to 
wither.] A species of shell. See Welk. 

WILL, V. [Sax. will a ; Goth, icilja ; D. wil, or wille ; G. 
wille.] 1. That faculty of the mind by which we deter- 
mine cither to do or forbear an action ; the faculty which 
is exercised in deciding, among two cr more objects, 
which we shall embrace or pursue. The will is directed 
or influenced by the judgment. The understanding or 
rea-ion compares different objects, which operate as mo- 
tives; the j/irfirme/it determines which is preferable, and 
the will decides which to pursue. 2. Choice ; determina- 
tion. 3. Choice; discretion; pleasure. 4. Command; 
direction. 5. Disposition ; inclination ; desire. 6 . Pow- 
er ; arbitrary disposal. 7. Divine determination ; moral 
purpose or counsel. 8 . Testament; the disposition of a 
man’s estate, to take effect after his death. — Good-will. 1. 
Favor ; kindness. Skak. 2. Right intention. Phil. i. — 
Ill-will, enmity ; unfriendliness. It expresses less than 
malice. — To have one’s will, to obtain what is desired. — Jlt 
7cill, To hold an estate at the icill of another, is to enjoy 
the possession at his pleasure. — Will with a 7cisp, Jack. 
with a lantern ; ignis fatuus. 

WILL, V. t. [Sax. willan ; Goth, irilyan ; D. acillen; G. 
XDollen ; Sw. vilja ; Dan. 7}ille ; L. vulo, velle ; Fr. 0071- 
loir ; It. volere.] 1. I'o determine ; to decide in the 
mind that something shall be done or forborne ; implying 
power to carry the purpose into effect. 2. To command ; 
to direct. 3. To be inclined or resolved to have. 4. To 
wish ; to desire. 5. To dispose of estate and effects by 
testament. 6. It is sometimes equivalent to may be. 7. 
Will is used as an auxiliary verb, and a sign of the future 
tense. It has d-flferent significations in different persons. 
1 . / rcill go, is a present promise to go ; and with an em- 
phasis on icill, it expresses determination. 2. Thou wilt 
go, you icill go, express foretelling; simply stating an 
event that is to come. 3. He icill go, is also a foretelling. 
The use of will in the plural is the same. We will, prom- 
ises ; ye will, they will, foretell. 

WILLED, 77 /j. 1. Determined; resolved 3 desired. 2. Dis- 
posed of by will or testament. 

WILL'ER, n. One who wills. 

WILL'FIJL, a. 1. Governed by the will without yielding 
to reason ; obstinate ; stubborn ; perverse 3 inflexible. 2 . 
Stubborn ; refractory ; as, a willful horse. 

WILL'F[IL-LY, ado. 1. Obstinately ; stubbornly. 2. By 
design ; with set purpose. 

\VILL'FlJIi-NESS, 71. Obstinacy 3 stubbornness 3 perverse- 
ness. Perkins. 

WILL'ING, 7 >/ 7 r. 1. Determining ; resolving 3 desiring. 2. 
Disposing of by will. 

WILL'ING, a. [Sw., Dan. villig.] I. Free to do or grant ; 
having the mind inclined; disposed; not averse. 2 . 
Pleased ; desirous. 3. Ready ; prompt. 4. Chosen ; re- 
ceived of choice or without reluctance. 5. Spontaneous. 
6 . Consenting. 

WILL'ING-IIEART'ED, a. Well-disposed 3 having a free 
heart. Fix. xxxv. 

WILL'ING-LY, ado. 1. With free-will ; without reluct- 
ance 3 cheerfully. 2. By one’s own choice. 


WILLTNG-NESS, n. Free choice or consent of the will ; 
freedom from reluctance 3 readiness of the mind. 

WlL'LoW, n. [Sax. welig ; D. wilge.] A tree of the genus 
salix. There are several species of willow. 

WIL'LoWED, a. Abounding with willows. Collins. 

WlL'LoW-GALL, n. A protuberance on the leaves of 
willows. Cijc. 

WIL'LoW-HERB, n. The purple loose-strife, a plant. 

WIL'LoW-ISH, a. Like the color of the willow. 

WIL'LoW-TUFT-ED, a. Tufted with willows. 

WlL'LoW-WEED, n. A name sometimes given to the 
smart-weed ot per sic aria. Cyc. 

WIL'LoW-W 6 RT, 71. A plant. Miller. 

WIL'LoW-Y, a. Abounding with willows. Gray. 

WIL'SoME, ft. Obstinate; stubborn. 

WILT, v.i. [G., D. welke7i.] To begin to wither; to lose 
freshness and become flaccid, as a plant when exposed to 
great heat in a dry day, or when first separated from its 
root. 

WILT, V. t. 1. To cause to begin to wither ; to make flac- 
cid, as a green plant. 2. To cause to languish 3 to de- 
press or destroy the vigor and energy of. Dwight. 

WILT'ED, pp. Having become flaccid and lost its fresh 
ness, as a plant. 

WILT'ING, ppr. Beginning to fade or wither. 

Wl'LY, a. Cunning ; sly ; using craft or stratagem to ac- 
complish a purpose 3 subtil. 

WIM'BLE, n. [W. guimbill.] An instrument for boring 
holes, turned by a handle. 

tWIIVPBLE, a. Active; nimble. Spenser. 

WIM'BREL, 71. A bird of the curlew kind. Cyc. 

I WIM'PLE, 71. [G. wimpel ; Dan. oimpel.] A hood or 
vail. 

t WIM'PLE, V. t. To draw down, as a vail. Spe7iser. 

WIN, V. t. ; pret. and pp. wo7i. [t’ax. winnan; D. winnen ; 
G. gewinnen; Sw. viima.] 1. To gain by success in com- 
petition or contest. 2 . 'I'o gain by solicitation or court- 
ship. 3. To obtain ; to allure to kindness or compliance. 

4. To gain by persuasion or influence. 

WIN, V. t. To gain the victory. Milton. — 1. To win upon, 
to gain favor or influence. Dnjden. 2. To gain ground. — 
To win of, to be conqueror. Shak. 

WINCE, V. i. [Fr. guincher ; W. giving ; gwingaw.] 1. To 
shrink, as from a blow or from pain; to start back. 2 . 
To kick or flounce when uneasy, or impatient of a rider 3 
as, a horse winces. 

WIiN'CER, 71. One that winces, shrinks or kicks. 

WINCH, 71 . [Sax. wince ; Fr. guincher.] A windlass ; or 
an instrument with which to turn or strain something 
forcibly. 

t WINCH, n. A kick of a beast, impatient of the rider, or 
of pain. Shelton. 

WINCH, V. i. To wince 3 to shrink 3 to kick with impa- 
tience or uneasiness. 

WINCHING, or WIN'CING, ppr. Flinching 3 shrinking 3 
kicking. 

WIN'CO-PIPE, n. The vulgar name of a little flower, that, 
when it opens in the morning, bodes a fair day. 

*WIND, n. [Sax., D., G. TciHtZ ; Sw., Dan. 1. Air 

in motion with any degree of velocity, indefinitely ; a 
current of air. When the air moves moderately, we call 
it a light wind, or a breeze ; when with more velocity, we 
call it'a fresh breeze, and when with violence, we call it 
a gale, storm or tempest. The word gale is used by the 
poets for a moderate breeze, but seamen use it as equiva- 
lent to storm. — 2. The four winds, the cardinal points of 
the heavens. 3. Direction of the wind from other points 
of the compass than the cardinal, or any point of com- 
pass ; [obs.] Heylin. 4. Breath ; power of respiration. 5. 
Air in motion from any force or action ; as the wind of a 
cannon ball. 6 . Breath modulated by the organs or by an 
instrument. 7. Air impregnated with scent. 8 . Any 
thing insignificant or light as wind. 9. Flatulence ; air 
generated in the stomach and bowels. 10. The name 
given to a disease of sheep, in which the intestines are 
distended with air, or rather affected with a violent in- 
flammation. Cyc.— Down the wbid, decaying; declining; 
in a state of decay ; [o&s.] — To take or have the wind, to 
gain or have the advantage. — To ^ake wind, or to get wind, 
to be divulged ; to become public.— /« the wind’s eye, in 
seamen’s language, towards the direct point from which 
the wind blows. — Between wind and water, denoting that 
part of a ship’s side or bottom which is frequently brought 
above water by the rolling of the ship, or fluctuation of 
the water’s surface. — Trade 'wizxd, a wind that blows con- 
stantly from one point, such as the tropical wind in the 
Atlantic. 

WIND'-DROP-SY, 71. {wind and dropsy.] A swelling of the 
belly from wind in the intestines ; tympanites. 

WIND'-EGG, n. {wind and egg.] An addle egg. 

WIND'-FALLEN, a. Blown down by the wind. 

WIND'-FLOVV-ER, n. A plant, the anemone. 

WIND'-FUR-NACE, n. A furnace in which the air is sup- 
plied by an artificial current, as from a bellows. 


* See Synopsis. 


A, E, I, o, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT;— PR£Y 3 — PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— f Obsolete. 


WIN 


929 


WIN 


WIND^-GA6E, n. [wind gage.'] An instrument for as- 
certaining the velocity and force of wind. Cyc. 

WIND'-GALL, n. [wind and gall.] A soft tumor on the 
fetlock joints of a horse. 

WIND'-GUN, n. An air gun ; a gun discharged by the 
force of compressed air. 

WIND'-HATCH, n. In mining^ the opening or place 
where the ore is taken out of the earth. 

WIND'-H6V-ER, n. A species of hawk ; called, also, the 
stannel^ but more usually the kestrel. Cyc. 

WIND'-IN-STRU-MENT, n. An instrument of music, 
played by wind, chiefly by the breath ; as a flute. 

♦WINDTIPE, n [wind and pipe.] The passage for the 
breath to and from the lungs j the trachea. 

WIND'-PUMP, n. [wind and pump.] A pump moved by 
wind, useful in draining lands. Cyc. 

WIND'-RODE, 71. A term used by seamen to signify a 
ship when riding with wind and tide opposed to each 
other, driven to the leeward of her anchor. 

WINiy-SAIL, n. A wide tube or funnel of canvas, used to 
convey a stream of air into the lower apartments of a ship. 

WIND'-SHO€K, n. A sort of bruise or shiver in a tree. 

WIND -TIGHT, a. [wind and tight.] So tight as to prevent 
the passing of wind. Hall. 

WINDWARD, 71. [wmd and ward.] The point from which 
the wind blows j as, to ply to the windward. 

WINDWARD, a. [wind and ward.] Being on the side to- 
wards the point from which the wind blows. 

Windward, adv. Towards the wind. 

WIND'Y, a. 1. Consisting of wind. 2. Next the wind. 3. 
Tempestuous ; boisterous. 4. Puffy j flatulent j abound- 
ing with wind. 5. Empty ; airy.' 

WIND, V. t. j pret. and pp. wound. [Sax. windan ; G., D. 
winden.] 1. To blow ; to sound by blowing or inflation. 
2. To turn ; to move, or cause to turn. 3. To turn 
round some fixed object ; to bind, or to form into a ball or 
coil by turning. 4. To introduce by insinuation. 5. To 
change ; to vary. 6. To entwist ; to enfold j to encircle. 
Shak. 7. [With i short, as in win.] To nose ; to perceive 
or to follow by the scent ; as, hounds wind an animal. 
8. To ventilate ; to expose to the wind ; to winnow. — To 
wind off, [with i long,] to unwind. — To wind out, to ex- 
tricate. — 1. To wind up, to bring to a small compass, as a 
ball of thread. Locke. 2. To bring to a conclusion or set- 
tlement. 3. To put in a state of renovated or continued 
motion. 4. To raise by degrees. 5. To straiten, as a 
string ; to put in tune. 6. To put in order for regular ac- 
tion. 

WIND, 75. t. 1. To turn; to change. 2. To turn around 
something. 3. To have a circular direction. 4. To 
crook ; to bend. 5. To move round. — To wind out, to be 
extricated ; to escape. Milton. 

WIND' AGE, 71 . [Sp. viento.] The difference between the 
diameter of a piece and that of a ball or shell. 

WIND'BOUND, a. [wind and hound.] Prevented from sail- 
ing by a contrary wind. Mar. Diet. 

WIND'ER, 75. t. To fan ; to clean grain with a fan. [Local.] 

WIND'ER-MEB, ti. A bird of the gall kind. 

WIND'FALL, n. [wbid and fall.] 1. Fruit blown off the 
tree by wind. 2. An unexpected legacy. 

WIND'I-NESS, 71. 1. The state of being windy or tempest- 
uous. 2. Fullness of wind ; flatulence. 3. Tendency to 
generate wind. 4. Tumor ; puffiness. 

WIND'LAS, or WIND'LASS, n. 1. A machine for raising 
great weights. 2. A handle by which any thing is turned ; 
[ois.] Shak. 

WIN'DLE, 77. A spindle ; a kind of reel. 

WIND'-MILL, 71. A mill turned by the wind. 

WIND'RoW, 77. [wind and row.] 1. A row or line of hay, 
raked together for the purpose of being rolled into cocks 
or heaps. 2. Tiie green border of a field, dug up in order 
to carry the earth on other land to mend it. 3. A row of 
peats set up for drying ; or a row of pieces of turf, sod or 
sward, cut in paring and burning. Cyc. 

WIND'SEED, 77. A plant of the genus arctolis. 

WIND'ER, 77. One who winds. 

WIND'ING, ppr. 1. Turning; binding about; bending. 
2. a Bending ; twisting from a direct line or an even 

S U 

WIND'ING, n. 1. A turn or turning; abend; flexure; 
meander. 2. A call by the boatswain’s whistle. 

WIND'ING-EN'GINE, n. An engine employed in mining, 
to draw up buckets from a deep pit. Cyc. 

WIND'ING-SHEET, n. [winding and sheet.] A sheet in 
which a corpse is wrapped. Bacon. 

WIND'ING-TAG'KLE, n. A tackle consisting of one fixed 
triple block, and one double or triple movable block. 

t WIND'LACE, I V. i. To go warily to work ; to act indi- 

t WIND'LASS, I rectly. Hammond. 

WIND'LESS, a. Wanting wind ; out of breath. Fairfax. 

WIN'DLE-STRAW, n. A reed ; a stalk of grass ; a small, 
slender straw. A'orth of England. 

WIND'oW, 77. [Dan. 7577?d{7e ,• Sp. 75C77ta77-rt.] 1. An open- 

ing in the wall of a building for the admission of light. 


and of air when necovssary. 2. An aperture or opening. 

3. The frame or other thing that covers the aperture. 4. 
An aperture ; or rather the clouds or water-spouts. 5. 
Lattice or casement ; or the network of wire used before 
the invention of glass. 6. Lines crossing eacli other. 

WIND'oW, 75. t. 1. To furnish with windows. Pope. 2. 
To place at a window ; [umisual.] 3. To break into 
openings ; [unusiial.] 

WIND'OW-BLIND, n. [wmdow and blind.] A blind to in- 
tercept the light of a window. 

WIND'oW-FRAME, n. [window and frame.] The frame 
of a window which receives and holds the sashes. 

WIND'oW-GLASS, n. Panes of glass for windows. 

WIND'oW-SASH, 77. [window and The sash or 

light frame in which panes of glass are set for windows. 

WIND'oW-Y, a. Having little crossings like the sashes of 
a window. Donne. 

WINE, 77. [Sax. 775777 ; G. wein D. 7cy7t ; Sw., Dan. 757 't 7 ; 
Russ, vino ; L. vinurn ; It., Sp. vino : Fr. vin.] 1. The 
fermented juice of grapes. 2. The juice of certain fruits, 
prepared with sugar, spirits, &c. 3. Intoxication. 4. 

Drinking. 

WiNE'-BlB-BER, n. One who drinks much wine ; a great 
drinker. Prov. xxiii. 

WiNE'-€ASK, 77. [7757776 and ca^Z:.] A cask in which wine 
is or has been kept. 

WiNE'-FLY, 77. A small fly found in empty wine casks. 

WiNE'-GLASS, 77. [7757776 aiid ^Zfl5s.] A small glass in 
vyhich wine is drank. 

WiNE'LESS, a. Destitute of wine ; as, 775777 6 Zess life. 

WiNE'-MEAS-URE, n. [See Measure.] The measure by 
which wines and other spirits are sold, smaller than beer 
measure. 

WiNE'-MER-CHANT, n. A merchant who deals in 
wines. 

WiNE'-PRESS, 77 . A place where grapes are pressed. 

WING, 77 . [Sax. ^e/ 77757 / 7 ^ ; Sw., Dan. 75777 ^ 6 .] 1. The limb 
of a fowl by which it flies. 2. The limb of an insect by 
which it flies. — 3. In botany, the side-petal of a papiliona- 
ceous coral ; also, an appendage of seeds. 4. Flight ; 
passage by the wing. 5. Means of flying ; acceleration. 
6. Motive or incitement of flight. 7. The flank or ex- 
treme body or part of an army. 8. Any side-piece. — 9. 
In gardening, a side-shoot. — 10. In architecture, a side- 
building, less than the main edifice. — 11. In fortification, 
the longer sides of horn-works, ^rown-works, «Stc. — 12. In 
a fieet, the ships on the extremities, when ranged in a 
line, or when forming the two sides of a triangle. — 13. In 
a ship, the wings are those parts of the hold and orlop 
deck, which are nearest the sides. — 14. In Scripture, pro- 
tection ; generally in the plural. Ps. Ixiii. 

WING, 75 . t. 1. To furnish with wings ; to enable to fly or 
to move with celerity. 2. To supply with side bodies. 
3. To transport by flight. — To wing a fiight, to exeit the 
power of flying. 

WINGED, pp. 1. Furnished with wdngs ; transported by 
flying. 2. a. Having w'ings. 3. Swift ; rapid. 4. 
Wounded ; hurt. — 5. In botany, furnished with longitu- 
dinal, membranous appendages. — 6. In heraldry, repre- 
sented with wings, or having w’ings of a different color 
from the body. 7. Fanned with wings ; swarming with 
birds. 

WING'ED-PeA, 77 . A plant. Miller. 

WING'-FOOT-ED, a. [wing and foot.] Swift; moving 
wdth rapidity ; fleet. Drayton. 

WTNG'LESS, a. Having no wings; not able to ascend or 

fly. 

WING'-SHELL, n. [wing and shell.] The shell that covers 
the wing of insects. 

WING'Y, a. Having wings; rapid; as, 775777^7/ speed. 

WINK, 75 . 7 . [Sax. icincian ; J). icenken •, G. rcinken ^ S>w. 
vinka; Dan. 75777/,er.] 1. To shut the eyes; to close the 

eyelids. 2. To close and open the eyelids. 3. To give a 
hint by the motion of the eyelids. 4. To close the eye- 
lids and exclude the light. 5. To be dim. — To wink at. 
to connive at ; to seem not to see ; to tolerate ; to over- 
look, as something not perfectly agreeable. 

WINK, 77 . 1. The act of closing the eyelids. 2. A hint 
given by shutting the eye with a significant cast. 

WINK'ER, 77 . One who winks. Pope. 

WINK'ING, ppr. Shutting the eyes ; shutting and opening 
the eyelids ; hinting by closing the eye ; conniving at ; 
overlooking. 

WINK'ING-LY, adv. With the eye almost closed. 

WIN'NER, 77. [from 775777 .] One who gains by success in 
competition or contest. 

WIN'NING, ppr. [from 775777 .] 1. Gaining by success in 

competition or contest. 2. a. Attracting ; adapted to gain 
favor; charming. 

WIN'NING, 77 . The sum won or gained by success in com- 
petition or contest. 

WIN'NoW, V. t. [L. evanno ; D., G. 77-a7777C77.] 1. To sep 
arate and drive off the chaff from grain by means of wind. 
2. To fan ; to beat, as with wings. 3. To examine ; tu 


t Obsolete. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK , DOVE BULL, UNITE.— € as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 

* '59 


WIR 


930 


WIT 


sift for the purpose of separating falsehood from truth. 4. 
To separate, as the bad from the {»ood. 

VVrN'NoW, V. i. To separate chan from corn. Ecclus. 
VVIN'NoVVED, pp. Separated from the chaff by wind 
sifted I examined. 

WlN'JVoW-ER, 71. One who winnows. 

VVlN'NoW-ING, pp 7 \ Separating from the chaff by wind j 
examining. 

t WlN'SoME, a. [Sax. tcmsum.] Merry j cheerful. 
WliV'TEIl, 71. [Sax., G., D., Sw., Dan. icmter.] 1. The 
cold season of the year. — Astro7io77iicall7j considered, lomter 
commences in northern latitudes when the sun enters 
Capricorn, or at the solstice about the 21 st of December, 
and ends at the equinox in March j but in oi dinarrj dis- 
course, the three 7cinter months are December, January 
and February. 2. The part of a printing press which sus- 
tains the carriage. 

WIN^TER, V. i. To pass the winter. 

WfN'TER, V. t. To feed or manage during the winter. 
WIN'TER-AP'PLE, 71. [idinter and apple.] An apple that 
keeps well in winter. 

WIN'TER-BAR^LEY, 71. [ 7 chiter and barle7j.] A kind of 
barley which is sowed in autumn. 

WIN'TER-BeAT-EN, a. [^winter undi. heat.] Harassed by 
the severe weather of winter. Spenser. 
WIN'TER-BER-RY, 71 . [ipinier and berry.] A plant. 
WIN'TER-BLOOM, Ji. [tomter and blooyn.] A plant. 
WIN'TER-CHER'RY, 71 . [winter and cherry.] A plant of 
the genus physalis, and its fruit. Lee. 
WfX'TER-CIT'RON, n. A sort of pear. 
WIN^TER-CRESS, 71 . [Tvinter and cress.] A plant. 
WIN'TER-CROP, n. A crop which will bear the winter, 
or which may be converted into fodder during the winter. 
WIN'TER-FAL'LoW, n. [Tointer and fallow.] Ground 
~ that is fallowed in winter. 

WIN'TER-GAR'DEN, n. [winter and garden.] An orna- 
mental garden for winter. 

WIN TER-GREEN, n. A plant of the genus pijrola. 
WlN'TER-KILL, v.t. [whiter SLud kill.] To kill by means 
of the weather in winter. JVcw England. 
WIN'TER-KILL, v. i. To be killed by the winter. 
VVIN'TER-KILLED, pp. Killed by the winter, as grain. 
WIN'TER-KILL-ING, ppr. Killing by the weather in 
winter. 

WIN'TER-LODGE, \ n. In botany, the hybernacle 

WIN'TER-LODG'MENT, i of a plant, which protects 
the embryo or future shoot from injuries during the 
winter. 

WIN'TER-PEAR, n. [winter and pear.] Any pear that 
keeps well in winter. 

WIN'TER-QUAR'TERS, n. The quarters of an army 
during the winter ', a winter residence or station. 
WIN'TER-RIG, V. t. [^winter and I'ig.] To fallow or till in 
winter. [Local.] 

WIN'TER-SOL'STICE, n. The solstice of the winter, 
which takes place when the sun enters Capricorn, De- 
C 6 nit) 6 r 21st* 

WIN'TERED, pp. Kept through the winter. 
WIN'TER-ING, ppr. Passing the winter ; keeping in winter. 
WIN'TER-LY, a. Such as is suitable to winter. [L.u.] 
Shak. 

WIN'TER-Y, a. Suitable to winter ; brumal ; hyemal ; 
cold ; stormy. Drydeii. 

WI'NY, a. Having the taste or qualities of wine. 

WIPE, V. t. [Sax. 7cipian.] 1. To rub with something soft 
for cleaning j to clean by rubbing. 2. To strike off gently. 
3. To cleanse from evil practices or abuses ; to overturn 
and destroy what is foul and hateful. 4. To cheat ; to 
defraud. — To icipe away, to cleanse by rubbing or tersion. 
— To wipe off, to clear away. — To 7oipe out, to efface to 
•obliterate. 

WIPE, n. 1. The act of rubbing for the purpose of cleaning. 
2. A blow ; a stroke. 3. A gibe j a jeer j a severe sar- 
casm. 4. A bird. 

WIPED,;);?. Rubbed for cleaning 5 cleaned by rubbing; 
cleared away ; effaced. 

WIP'ER, 71. 1. One who wipes. 2. The instrument used 
for wiping. 

WiP'ING, ppr. Rubbing with a cloth or other soft thing for 
cleaning; clearing away ; effacing. 

WIRE, n. [Sw. Ice. ?ci/V.] A thread of metal ; any 
metallic substance drawn to an even thread. 

WIRE, V. t. To bind with wire; to apply wire to, as in 
bottling liquors. 

WIRE^DRAW, V. t. [wire and draio.] 1. To draw a metal 
into wire,’ which is done by drawing it through a hole in 
a plate of steel. 2. To draw into length. 3. To draw by 
art or violence. 4. To draw or spin out to great length 
and tenuity. 

WTRE'DRAW-ER, n. One who draws metal into wire. 
WiRE'DRAW-ING, ppr. 1. Drawing a metal into wire. 

2. Drawing to a great length or fineness. 

WIRE DRAWN, pp. Drawn into wire; drawn out to great 
length or fineness. 


WIRE'-GRATE, n. A grate or contrivance of fine wire- 
work to keep insects out of vineries, hot-houses, &c. 

WIRE'-HEEL, 71. [wire and heel.] A defect and disease in 
the feet of a horse or other beast. Cyc. 

WIRE'-WoRM, 71. [wire and worm.] A mischievous worm 
that sometimes injures grain. 

WiR'Y, a. Made of wire ; like wire. 

I WIS, V. t. ,• pret. 7cist. [(4. 7cissen ; D. weeten.] To think ; 
to suppose ; to imagine. Speiiser. 

WIS'ARD. See Wizard. 

WIS'DoM, n. [Sax.; wise and dom ; G. weisheit ; T>.wys- 
heid i Sw. visdom, and vishetj Dan. visdom, or viisdom.] 

1. The right use or exercise of knowledge ; the choice of 
laudable ends, and of the best means to accomplish them. 
Wisdom, or practical icisdom, is nearly synonymous with 
discTetio77. It differs somewhat irom prudence, in this re- 
spect ; prudence is the exercise of sound judgment in 
avoiding evils ; wisdom is the exercise of sound judgment 
either in avoiding evils or attempting good. — 2. In Scrip- 
ture, human learning; erudition ; knowledge of arts and 
sciences. 3. Quickness of intellect ; readiness of appre- 
hension ; dexterity in execution. 4. Natural instinct and 
sagacity. Job xxxix. — 5. In Scripture theology, voisdom is 
true religion ; godliness ; piety. Ps. xc. b. Profitable 
words or doctrine. Ps. xxxvii. 

WISE, a. [Sax. wis, wise; G. weise ; D. wys ; Sw.visj 
Dan. r)w 5 .J 1. Properly, having knowledge ; hence, hav- 
ing the power of discerning and judging correctly, or of 
discriminating between what is true and what is false ; 
between what is fit and proper, and what is improper ; as, 
a wise prince. 2. Discreet and judicious in the use or 
application of knowledge ; choosing laudable ends, and 
the best means to accomplish them. 3. Skillful ; dex- 
trous. 4. Learned ; knowing. 5. Skilled in arts, science, 
philosophy, or in magic and divination. 6 . Godly ; pious. 
Prov. xiii. 7. Skilled in hidden arts; a sense somewhat 
iro7iical. 8. Dictated or guided hy wisdom ; containing 
wisdom; judicious; well adapted to produce good effects; 
applicable to things; as, a wise saying. 9. Becoming a 
wise man ; grave ; discreet ; as, wise deportment. 

Wise, 71. [Sax. wise ; G. toeise ; D. wys ; Sw. -yw.] Man- 
ner ; way of being or acting. Spenser. In the foregoing 
form, this word is obsolete. The use of it is 7iow very limit- 
ed. It is common in the following phrases : 1. In any wise : 

2. On this wise : 3. In no wise. — It is used in compositio7i, 
as in likewise, otherwise, lengthwise, &,c. 

WISE'A-€RE, 71. [more correctly wisesager ; G. weissager.] 
One who makes pretensions to great wisdom ; hence, in 
cmitempt, a simpleton ; a dunce. Addison. 

WISE'-HEART-ED, a. [wise and heart.] Wise ; knowing ; 
skillful. Ex. xxviii. 

WISE'LING, n. One who pretends to be wise. Donne. 

WISE^LY, adv. 1. Prudently; judiciously; discreetly; 
with wisdom. 2. Craftily ; with art or stratagem. 

t WISE'NESS, n. Wisdom. Spenser. 

WISH, V. i. [Sax. wiscan ; Cimbric, o^Zca.] 1. To have a 
desire, or strong desire, either for what is or is not sup- 
posed to be obtainable. It usually expresses less than 
long ; but sometimes it denotes to long or wish eafnestly. 
2. To be disposed or inclined. 3. It sometimes partakes 
of hope or fear. 

WISH, V. t. 1. To desire. 2. To long for ; to desire eagerly 
or ardently. 3. To recommend by wishing. 4. To im- 
precate. 5. To ask ; to express desire. ‘ 

WISH, 71. 1. Desire ; sometimes, eager desire. Job xxxiii. 
2. Desire expressed. 3. Thing desired. — The difference 
between tcish and desire seems to be, that desire is direct- 
ed to what is obtainable, and a wish may be directed to 
what is obtainable or not. Karnes. 

WISHED, pp. Desired ; or ardently desired. 

I WISH'ED-LY, ado. With longing ; wishfully. Mirror 
for Magistrates. 

WISH'ER, 71. One who desires ; one wlm expresses a wish. 

WISH'FUL, a. 1. Having desire, or ardent desire. 2. 
Showing desire. 3. Desirable ; exciting wishes ; [bad.] 

WISIPFUL-LY, adv. 1. With desire or ardent desire. 2. 
With tiie show of desiring. 

WISH'ING, ppr. Desiring. 

t WISH'LY, adv. According to desire. Knolles. 

WISK'ET, 71. A basket. Ahisworth. 

WISP, 71 . [Dan. rwZ:.] A small bundle of straw or other 
like substance. 

t WIST, pret. of wis. 

WIST^FUL, a. Full of thoughts ; earnest; attentive. 

WIST'FUL-LY, adv. Attentively ; earnestly. Hudibras. 

WIS'TIT, 71. The striated monkey. Cuvier. 

t WIST'LY, adv. Earnestly. Shak. 

WIT, V. i. [Sax., Goth, witan, D. weeten, G. wissen, to 
know.] To know. This verb is used only in the infini- 
tive, to wit, namely, that is to say. [L. videlicet, i. e. 
videre licet.] 

WIT, 71 . [Sax. wit, or ge-wit ; G. 7citi ; Dan. md.] 1. Pri- 
marily, the intellect ; the understanding or mental pow- 
ers. 2. The association of ideas in a manner natural, but 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, U, Y, long.— FAR, FALL, WHAT ;— PREY ;— PIN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


WIT 


931 WOA 


unusual and striking, so as to produce surprise joined 
with pleasure. 3. The faculty of associating ideas in a 
new and unexpected manner. 4. A man of genius. 5. A 
man of fancy or wit. 6. Sense j judgment. 7. Faculty 
of the mind. 8. Wits^ in the plural^ soundness of mind ; 
intellect not disordered j sound mind. 9. Power of in- 
vention 5 contrivance j ingenuity. 

WITCH, 71. [Sax. wtcca.] 1. A woman who, by compact 
with the devil, practices sorcery or enchantment. 2. A 
woman who is given to unlawful arts. 3. [Sax. wic ] A 
winding, sinuous bank ; [o6s.J Spenser. 

WITCH, V. t. To bewitch ; to fascinate ; to enchant. Shak. 

WITCH'CRAFT, n. [witch and craft.'\ 1. The practices of 
witches ; sorcery ; br^chantments ; intercourse with the 
devil. 2. Power more *lian natural. 

WITCH'-ELM, 71. A kind X elm. Scott. 

WITCH^ER-Y, 71. 1. Sorcery’; enchantment. 2. Fascina- 
tion. 

WITCIP-HA-ZEL, 71. 1. A sj^'^cies of elm. Cyc. 2. The 
hop-hornbeam, (carpinus ostrya ) Lee. 

t WIT'-€RACK-ER, n. [wit and cracker. ~\ One who breaks 
jests ; a joker. Shak. 

t WIT'-CRAFT, n. Contrivance ; invention. 

f WITE, V. t. [Sax. witan.] To reproach j to blame. 

I WITE, n. Blame ; reproach. 

t WiTE'LESS, a. Blameless. Spenser. 

WIT^-FISH, n. [D. witvisch.] An East Indian fish. 

WITH, prep. [Sax. 7oith.] 1. By, noting cause, instrument 
or means. 2. On the side of, noting friendship or favor. 
3. In opposition to j in competition or contest. 4. Noting 
comparison. 5. In company. 6. In the society of. 7. 
In connection, or in appendage. 8. In mutual dealing or 
intercourse. 9. Noting confidence. 10. In partnership. 
11. Noting connection. 12. Immediately after. 13. 
Among. 14. Upon. 15. In consent, noting parity of 
state. — With, in composition, signifies for the most part 
opposition, privation ; or separation, departure. 

WITH, or WITHE, n. [Sax. withig.] 1. A willow twig. 
2. A band consisting of a twig, or twigs twisted. 

WITH-AL', adv. [with and all.] 1. With the rest; to- 
gether ‘with ; likewise ; at the same time. 2. It is some- 
times used for with. 

WITH-DRAW', V. t. [with and draw .] 1. To take back; 
to take from. 2. To recall ; to cause to retire or leave ; to 
call back or away. 

WITH-DRAW', V. i. To retire ; to retreat ; to quit a com- 
pany or place. 

WITH-DRAW'ER, n. One who bereaves. Outred. 

WITH-DRAWTNG, ppr. Taking back ; recalling ; re- 
tiring. 

WITH-DRAWTNG-ROOM, n. A room behind another 
room for retirement ; a drawing-room. Mortimer. 

WITH-DRAW'MENT, n. The act of withdrawing or tak- 
ing back ;‘a recalling. Ch. Obs. 

WITH-DRAWN', pp. of withdraw. Recalled ; taken 

WITH'ER, V. i. [W. gwiz ; Sax. gewitherod.] 1. To fade ; 
to lose its native freshness ; to become sapless ; to dry. 
2. To waste ; to pine away, as animal bodies. 3. To lose 
or want animal moisture. 

WITH'ER, V. t. 1. To cause to fade and become dry. 2. 
To cause to shrink, wrinkle and decay, for wnnt of ani- 
mal moisture. 

WITH'ER-BAND, n. A piece of iron laid under a saddle 
near a horse’s withers, to strengthen the bow. 

WITH'ERED, pp. Faded ; dried ; shrunk. 

WITH'ER-ED-NESS, 77 .. The state of being withered. 

WITH'ER-ING, ppr. Fading ; becoming dry. 

WITH'ER-ITE, n. In mineralogy, a carbonate of barytes. 

WITH'ER-NAM, n. [Sax. wither and namaii.] In wither- 
nam, in law, a second or reciprocal distress, in lieu of a 
first distress which has been eloigned ; reprisal. 

WITH'ERS, 71. The juncture of the shoulder bones of a 
horse, at the bottom of the neck. 

WITH'ER-WRUNG, a. Injured or hurt in the withers, as 
a horse. Cyc. 

WITH-HELD', pret. and pp. of withhold. 

WITH-HoLD', V. t. ; pret. and pp. withheld, [with and 
hold.] 1. To hold back ; to restrain ; to keep from action. 
2. To retain ; to keep back ; not to grant. 

WITH-HoLiyEN, pp. The old participle of withhold ; now 
obsolete. We use icithheld. 

WITH-HoLD'ER, n. One that withholds. 

WITH-HoLD'ING, ppr. Holding back ; restraining ; re- 
taining ; not granting. 

WITH-IN', prep. [Sax. wiihinnan.] 1. In the inner part. 
2. In the limits or compass of ; not beyond ; used of place 
and time. 3. Not reaching to any thing external. 4. In 
the compass of ; not longer ago than. 5. Not later than. 
6. In the reach of. 7. Not exceeding. 8. In the heart or 
confidence of ; [inelegant.] 9. In the house ; in any in- 
closure. 

WITH-IN', adv. 1. In the inner part; inwardly; inter- 
nally. 2. In the mind. 


WITH-IN'SIDE, adv. [within and side.] In the inner parts 
[i?fld.] Sharp. 

WITH-OUT', [Sax. withiitan ; with and out.] 1. Not 
with. 2. In a state of destitution or .absence from. 3. In 
a state of not having, or of destitution. 4. Beyond ; not 
within. 5. Supposing the negation or omission of. (i. 
Independent of; not by the use of. 7. On the outside of. 
8. With exemption from. 9. Unless; except. In thi.s 
sense, it has been classed among adverbs, but is truly a 
preposition, followed by a member of a sentence, instead 
of a single noun. This use of without is nearly superseded 
by unless and except, among good writers and speakers ; 
but is common in popular discourse or parlance. 

WITH- OUT', adv. 1. Not on the inside ; not within. 2. 
Out of doors. 3. Externally ; not in the mind. 

t WITH-OUT'EN, for withoutan, the Saxon word. Spenser. 

WITH-STAND', v. t. [with and stand.] To oppose ; to re- 
sist, either with physical or moral force. 

WITH-STAND'ER, n. One that opposes ; an opponent; a 
resisting power. Raleigh. 

WJTH-STAND'ING, ppr. Opposing; making resistance. 

WITH- VINE > b 

WITH-WINE i ^ local name for the couch-grass. Cyc. 

W^lTH'W^lND, 71. A plant. [L. convolvulus.] 

WITH'Y, 71. [Sax. withig.] A large species of willow. 

WITH' Y, a. Made of withs; like a with; flexible and 
tough. 

WITNESS, a. [wit and Zc55.] 1. Destitute of wit or under- 
standing ; inconsiderate ; wanting thought. 2. Indiscreet ; 
not under the guidance of judgment. 

WIT'LESS-LY, adv. Without the exercise of judgment. 

t WIT'LESS-NESS, n. Want of consideration. Sir E. San- 
dys. 

WIT'LING, 77. [<Zm. from 7C7t.] A person who has little 
wit or understanding ; a pretender to wit. Pope. 

WIT'NESS, n. [Sax. icitnesse.] 1. Testimony ; attestation 
of a fact or event. 2. That which furnishes evidence or 
proof. 3. A person who knows or sees any thing ; one 
personally present. 4. One who sees the execution of an 
instrument, and subscribes it for the purpose of confirm- 
ing its authenticity by his testimony. 5. One who gives 
testimony. — With a 7cit7iess, eflTectually; to a great de- 
gree ; with great force ; [not elegant.] 

WIT'NESS, V. t. 1. To see or know by personal presence. 

2. To attest ; to give testimony to ; to testify to something. 

3. To see the execution of an instrument, and subscribe 
it for the purpose of establishing its authenticity. 

WIT'NESS, V. i. 1. To bear testimony. 2. To give evi- 
dence. 

WIT'NESSED, pp. Seen in person ; testified ; subscribed 
by persons present. 

WIT'NESS-ING, ppr. Seeing in person ; bearing testimony ; 
giving evidence. 

t WIT'SNAP-PER, 77. One who affects repartee. Shak. 

WIT'-STARVED, a. Barren of wit ; destitute of genius. 

WIT'TED, a. Having wit or understanding. 

WIT'TI-CISM, 77 . [from tciL] A sentence or phrase which 
is aflectedly witty ; a low kind of wit. Addison. 

WIT'TI-LY, adv. 1. With wit ; with a delicate turn or 
phrase, or with an ingenious association of ideas. 2. In- 
geniously ; cunningly ; artfully. 

WlT'Tl-NESS, 71. The quality of being witty. Spenser. 

Knowingly ; with 


WIT'TING-LY, adv. [See Wit.] 
knowledge ; by design. More. 

WIT'TOL, n. [Sax. ftom witan.] A man who knows his 
wife’s infidelity and submits to it; a tame cuckold. 

WIT<TOL-LY, adv. Like a tame cuckold. Shak. 

WIT'TY, a. 1 . Possessed of wit ; full of wit. 2 . Judi- 
cious ; ingenious ; inventive. 3 . Sarcastic ; full of taunts. 

WIT'WALL, 77. A bird, the great spotted woodpecker. 

I WIT'W 6 RM, 77. [wit and wor7n.] One that feeds on wit. 

t WIVE, V. i. [from 7vife.] To marry. Shak. 

WIVE, 77. t. L To match to a wife. Shak. 2 . To take for 
a ^nfe ; [0&5.] Shak. 

t WiVE'HOOD, 77. Behavior becoming a wife. Spenser. 

WiVE'LESS*, a. Not having a wife. 

WiVE'LY, a. Pertaining to a wife. Sidney. 

WIV'ER-IN I ^ heraldic dragon. Thijune. 

WIVES, pZw. of Wife. 

WIZ'ARD, 77. [from 7 C 75 e.] A conjurer ; an enchanter ; a 
sorcerer. Lev. xx. Dryden. 

WIZ'ARD, a. 1 . Enchanting; charming. Collins. 2 . Haunt- 
ed by wizards. Milton. 

WIZ'EN, V. i. [Sax. wisnian.] To wither ; to dry. [Local.] 

WoAD, 77. [Sax. wad, or waad ; G. waid, weid ; D. weede.' 
A plant of the genus isatis, cultivated for the use of dyers' 

WoAD'-MILL, 77. A mill for bruising and preparing woad. 

Wo'BE-GONE, a. [wo, he and gone.] Overwhelmed with 
wo ; immersed in grief and sorrow. Fairfax. 

WO-Da'NI-UM, 77. A metal discovered in a species of 
pyrites. 

WOE, } 77. [Sax. wa ; L.vce ; Gr. ovai ,• W. gwae ; G. weh; D. 


WO, ) wee; Sw.rc.] 1. Grief; sorrow ; misery ; a heavy 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BQQK, D6VE BULL, UNITE.—U as K ; G as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


WON 


932 WOO 


calamity. 2. A curse. 3. JVo is used in denunciation, and 
in exclamations of sorrow ; as, “ wo is me.” Is. vi. — “ Wo 
worth the day wo be to the day j Sax. wurthan^ weorthan, 
or wyrthan, to be, to become, 
f WoE'SoME, (w5'sum) a. Woful. Langhorne. 
f WOFT, for waft. Skak. 

Wo'FUL, a. 1. Sorrowful; distressed with grief or calam- 
ity ; afflicted. 2. Sorrowful ; mournful ; full of distress. 
3. Bringing calamity, distress or affliction. 4. Wretched ; 
paltry. 

Wo'FUL-LY, adv. 1. Sorrowfully ; mournfully ; in a dis- 
tressing manner. 2. Wretchedly ; extremely. 
Wo'FUL-NESS, n. Misery ; calamity. 

WoLD, in Saxon, is the same as wald and weald, a wood, 
sometimes perhaps a lawn or plain. Wald signifies also 
power, dominion, from waldan, to rule. These words 
occur in names. 

WQEF, (wulf ) 71. [Sax. wulf ; G., D. tcoZ/.] 1. An animal 
of the genus earns, a beast of prey that kills sheep and 
other small domestic animals ; called sometimes the wild 
dog. 2. A small white worm or maggot, which infests 
granaries. 3. An eating ulcer. 

WOLF'-DOG, 71. 1. A dog of a large breed, kept to guard 
sheep. 2. A dog supposed to be bred between a dog and 
a wolf. 

WOLF'-FISH, 71. A fierce, voracious fish. 

W6LFTSH, a. Like a wolf; having the qualities or form 
of a wolf. 

WOLF'NET, n. A kind of net used in fishing, which takes 
great numbers. Cyc. 

WOL'FRAM, 77. In mineralogy, an ore of tungsten. 
WOLF’S'-BANE, n. 1. A poisonous plant ; aconite. 2. 

The winter aconite, or hellehorus hyemalis. Lee. 
WOLF’S'-€LAW, n. A plant of the genus lycopodmm. 
WOLF’S-MJLK, 77. An herb. JlinsiDorth. 
WOLF’S-PeACH, n. A plant of the genus solanum. 
W6L'VER-IJV, ) n. The glutton, a carnivorous animal 
WOL-VER-eNE', i of voracious appetite. 

WOLV^ISH, a. More properly wolfish, which see. 
WOM'AN, (wum'un) n.;plu. Women, [a compound of 
womb and man.^ 1. The female of the human race, grown 
to adult years. 2. A female attendant or servant. 
WOM'AN, V. t. To make pliant. Shak. 
t WOM'ANED, a. Accompanied or united with a woman. 
WOM'AN-Ha'TER, 77. [7£>o77ia77 and hater.] One who has 
an aversion to the female sex. Swift. 

WOM'AN-HOOD, 77. [woman and hood.] The state, charac- 
ter or collective qualities of a woman. Spenser. 
t WOM'AN-ISE, V. t. To make effeminate. 

WOM'AN-ISH, a. Suitable to a woman ; having the quali- 
ties of a woman ; feminine. Dryden. 

WOM'AN-ISH-LY, adv. In the manner of a woman. 
Commentary on Chaucer. 

WOM'AN-ISH-NESS, n. State or quality of being woman- 
ish. Hammond. 

WOM'AN-KiND, n. [yeoman and kind.] The female sex ; 

the race of females of the human kind. Addison. 
WOM'AN-LY, a. Becoming a woman ; feminine. Donne. 
WOM'AN-LY, adv. In the manner of a woman. 

WOMB, (woom) n. [Sax. wamb ; Goth, wamba ; Sw. vamb ; 
Dan. 7)0777.] 1. The uterus or matrix of a female ; that 
part where the young of an animal is conceived and 
nourished till its birth. 2. The place where any thing is 
produced. 3. Any large or deep cavity, 
t WOMB, V. t. To inclose ; to breed in secret. Shak. 
WOM'BAT, 77. An animal of New Holland. Cyc. 
fWOMB'Y, (woom'y) a. Capacious. Shak. 

WOM'EN, (wirn'en) n.; pin. of Woman. It is supposed the 
word is from Sax. wifman. 

W6N, fret, and ff. of win ; as, victories won. 

|W6N, or jWoNE, 7). 7. [Sax. wunian ; G. wohnen j D. 
woonen.] To dwell ; to abide. Its participle is retained 
in niont, tliat is, woned. Milton. 
t Won, 77. A dwelling. Spenser. 

WoN'DER, 77. [Sax., G. wander ; D. wonder.] 1. That 
emotion which is excited by novelty, or the presentation, 
to the sight or mind, of something new, unusual, strange, 
great, extraordinary, or not well understood ; something 
that arrests the attention by its novelty, grandeur or inex- 
plicableness. Wonder expresses less than astonishment, 
and much less than amazement. It differs from ad7777ra- 
tion, in not being necessarily accom])anied with Icve, 
esteem or approbation, nor directed to persons. But won- 
der sometimes \s nearly allied to astonishment. 2. Cause 
of wonder ; that which excites surprise ; a strange thing ; 
a prodigy. 3. Any thing mentioned with surprise. 4. A 
miracle. Ex. iii. 

W6N DER, 7’. i. [Sax. 7/)7777fZr77777.] To be affected by sur- 
prise or admiration. Swift. 

W6N'DER-ER, n. One who wonders. 

WoN'DER-FUL, a. Adapted to excite \vonder or admira- 
tion ; exciting surprise; strange ; astonishing. 
W6N'DER-F|jL-LY, adv. In a manner to excite wonder 


WoN'DER-FJJL-NESS, n. The quality of being wonder 
ful. 

W6N'DER-ING, ppr. Indulging or feeling wonder. 
W6N'DER-OUS. See Wondrous. 

WoN'DER-MENT, 77. Surprise; astonishment; a wonder- 
ful appearance. [Vtilgar.] 

WoN'DER-STRUCK, a. [wonder and struck.] Struck 
with wonder, admiration and surprise. Dryden. 
WoN^DER-WoRKTNG, a. Doing wonders or surprising 
things. 

WoN'DROUS, a. Admirable; marvelous; such as may 
excite surprise and astonishment ; strange. 

WON'DROUS, odw. In a wonderful or surprising degree 3 
as, a place wondrous deep. [Burlesque style.] 
W6N'DROUS-LY, adv. In a strange or wonderful man- 
imr or degree. Glanvdle. 

WoNT, a contraction of woll not, that is, will not. 

WONT, a. [jcont is strictly the participle passive of toon, 
wo 7 ie ; Sax. wunian, to dwell, to consist; G. wohnen ^ D, 
woonen.] Accustomed; habituated; using or doing cus- 
tomarily. 

t WONT, 77. Custom; habit; use. Hooker. 
t WONT, 7). 7. To be accustomed or habituated ; to be used. 
WoNT'ED,pj 7. 1. Accustomed; used. Spenser. 2. Accus- 
tomed ; made familiar by use. L* Estrange. 
WONT'ED-NESS, n. The state of being accustomed. 

[ WONT'LESS, a. Unaccustomed; unused. Spenser. 

WOO, V. t. [Sax. wogan.] 1. To court ; to solicit in love. 

2. To court solicitously ; to invite with importunity. 
WOO, 7). 7. To court ; to make love. Dryden. 
fWOOD, a. [Sax. Tcod.] Mad; furious. Spenser. 

WOOD, 77. [Sax. wuda, wudu ; D. woud; W. gwyz.] 1. A 
large and thick collection of trees ; a forest. 2. Tne sub- 
stance of trees. 3. Trees cut or sawed for the fire. 4. 
An idol. Hab. ii. 

WOOD, V. i. To supply or get supplies of wood. 
WO0D-A-NEM'O-NE, n. A plant. [See Anemone.] 
WOOD'-ASH-ES, 77. [wood and asXes.] The remains of 
burnt wood or plants. 

WOOD'-BiND, 1 77. A name given to the honeysuckle, a 
WdOD^-BINE, i species of Zo7i7cera. Lee. 
WOOD'-BOUND, a. [wood and bound.] Encumbered with 
tali’, woody hedgerows. 

WOOD'-CHAT, 77. A species of butcher bird. 
W06 d'-CHUK, 77. [wood, and chuk, a hog.] The popular 
name in JVeto En^and of a species of the marmot. 
WOOD'-CoAL, 77. [wood and coal.] Charcoal. 
WOOD'COCK, 77. [7/)oodand cock.] A fowl. 
WOOD'-CO€K SHELL, n. A name given by English 
naturalists to a peculiar kind of the purpura. 
WOOD'-DRINK, 77. [wood and dri 77 &.] A decoction or 
infusion of medical woods. 

WOOD'ED, a. Supplied or covered with wood. 
WOOD'EN, a. [from ?rood.] 1. Made of wood; consisting 
of wood. 2. Clumsy; awkward. Collier. 
WOOD-EN-GRaVTNG, 77. Xylography; the art of en- 
graving on wood. Cyc. 

WOOD'-FRET-TER, 77. [wood and fret.] An insect or 
worm that eats wood. Ainsworth. 

WOOD'-GOD, 77. A pretended sylvan deity, ^enser. 
w66d'-HOLE, 77. A place where wood is laid up. 
w 60D'-H0USE, 77. A house or shed in which wood is 
deposited and sheltered from the weather. United States. 
WOODTNG, ppr. Getting or supplying with wood. Wash- 
ington. 

WOOD'-LAND, 77. 1. Land covered with wood. America. 
-^2. In England, a soil which, from its humidity and 
color, resembles the soil in woods. 

WOOD'-LAND, a. Covered with woods; belonging to the 
vvoods. Dryden. 

WOOD'-LARK, 77. A bird, a species of lark. 
WOOD'-LaY-ER, 77. A young oak or other timber plant, 
laid down in a hedge among the white thorn or other 
plants used in hedges. 

WOOD'LESS, a. Destitute of wood. Mitford. 
WOOD'-LOCK, 77. In 5// 7^-67777^777^, a piece of elm, close- 
fitted and sheathed with copper, m the throating or score 
of the pintle, to keep the rudder from rising. 
WOOD'-LOUSE, 77. An insect, the milleped. 

WOOD'LY, adv. Madly. Huloet. 

WOOD'MAN, 77. 1. A forest-officer, appointed to take care 

of the king’s wood. Eng. 2. A sportsman ; a hunter. Pope. 

WOOD'-MEIL, 77,. A coarse, hairy stuff made of Iceland 

wool, used to line the ports of ships of war. Cyc. 

WOOD'-iMlTE, 77. A small insect found in old wood. 

W66 D'-MoN-GER, 77. A wood seller. 

WOOD'-MOTE, 77. In England, the ancient name of the 

forest court ; now the court of attachment. 

fWOOD'NESS, 77. Anger; madness; rage. Fisher. 

W06D'-NTGHT-SIIADE, 77. A plant. 

W66D'-N0TE, 77. [icood and note.] Wild music. 

WOOD'-NYMPH, 77. [7vood and nimph.] A fabled goddess 

of the woods ; a dryad. Milton. 

WOOD-OF'FER-ING, n. Wood burnt on the altar. 

• • * 


or surprise. 


♦ S« Symvsis. 5, E, I, O, 0, ■?, long.-l'kR, FALL, WH^T ;-PllEY ;-rlN, MARINE, BIRD f Obsolete. 


WOR 


933 


WOR 


WQOD'PECK-ER, n. [wood and jjecA:.] A bird of the genus 
picas, that pecks holes in trees. 

WOOD'-Pl(j-EON, w. TJie ring-dove. Ed. Encyc. 

WOOD-Pu'CE-RON, 71. A small insect of the puceron kind. 

WOOD'REVE, n. [wood and rcve.l In England, the stew- 
ard or overseer oi a wood. 

WOOD'-ROOF, ) 71. [wood and roof or ruff.'\ A plant of 

WOOD'-RUFF, ) the genus asperula. Cyc. 

WOOD'-SA<jE, 7 t. [wood and sage.] A plant. Lee. 

WOOD'-SAKE, 71. A kind of froth seen on herbs. 

WOOD'-SEERE, n. The time when there is no sap in a 
tree. 

WOOD'-SHOGK, 71. The fisher or wejack, a quadruped. 

VVOOD'-SQOT, n. [wood and 5 oot.] Soot from burnt wood, 
which has been found useful as a manure. 

WOOD'-SOR-REL, n. A plant of the genus oxalis. 

WOC)D'-SPlTE, 71. [ 7 oood and spite.] A name given in 
some parts of England to the green woodpecker. 

WOOD'-STONE, n. A blackish-gray silicious stone. 

WOOD^-WARD, 71. [wood and ward.] An ofiicer of the 
forest, whose duty is to guard the woods. England. 

WOOD'-WASH, 71. A name applied to dyer’s broom. 

VVOOD'-WAX-EN, 71. A plant of the genus genista. 

W601F-W6RM, n. A worm that is bred in wood. 

W60D'Y,a. 1. Abounding with wood. 2. Consisting of 
wood ; ligneous. 3. Pertaining to woods 3 sylvan. 

WOO'ER, 71. One who courts or solicits in love. 

WOOF, 7 t. [Sax. weft ^ Sw. vaf] 1. The threads that 
cross the warp in weaving 5 the weft. 2. Texture j cloth. 

WOOTNG, ppr. Courting ; soliciting in love. 

WOO'ING-LY, adv. Enticingly 5 with persuasiveness 3 so 
as to invite to stay. Shak. 

WOOL, (wul) 7 t. [Sax. wul ; G. wolle ; D. wol ; Sw. ull ; 
Dan. uld.] 1. That soft species of hair which grows on 
sheep and some other animals, which in fineness some- 
times approaches to fur. 2. Short, thick hair. — 3. In bot- 
any, a sort of pubescence, or a clothing of dense, curling 
hairs, on the surface of certain plants. 

WOOL'-BALL, 71. A ball or mass of wool found in the 
stomach of sheep. Cyc. 

WOOL'-€oMB-ER, n. One whose occupation is to comb 
wool. 

WOOLD, V. t. [D. woelen, betooclen ; G. wuhlen.] To 
wind 3 particularly, to wind a rope round a mast or yard, 
when made of two or more pieces, at the place where 
they are fished, for confining and supporting them. 

WOOLD'ED, pp. Bound fast with ropes 3 wound round. 

WOOLD'ER, 71. A stick used in woolding. Mar. Diet. 

WOOLD'ING,ppr. Binding fast with ropes 3 winding round. 

WOOLD'ING, 71. 1. The act of winding, as a rope round 
a mast. 2^ The rope used for binding masts and spars. 

WOOL'-DRIV-ER, n. [wool and driver.] One who buys 
wool and carries it to market. 

WOOL'EN, a. 1. Made of wool 3 consisting of wool. 2. 
Pertaining to wool 3 as, woolen manufactures. 

WOOL'EN, 71. Cloth made of wool. Pope. 

WOoL'EN-DRaP'ER, n. One who deals in woolen goods. 

WOOL'FEL, n. [wool and fcl ] A skin with the wool. 

w 66 L'-GATII-ER-ING, a. An old expression coupled 
vvith wits, and applied to an inattentive, careless person. 
Burton. 

WOOI7I-NESS, n. The state of being woolly. 

WOQL'LY, a. 1. Consisting of wool. 2. Resembling 
wool. 3. Clothed with wool. — 4. In botany, clothed with 
a pubescence resembling wool. 

WOOL'LY-PAS'TI-NUM, n. A name given in the East 
Indies to a species of red orpiment or arsenic. Cyc. 

WOOL'PACK, 7 J. [wool and pack.] 1. A pack or bag of 
wool. 2. Any thing bulky without weight. Cleaveland. 

WOOL'SACK, 71. [wool and sacA:.] 1. A sack or bag of 
wool. 2. The seat of the lord chancellor and of the 
judges in the house of lords. England. 

WOOL'-STa-PLE, 71. [wool and staple.] A city or town 
wliere wool used to be brought to the king’s staple for sale. 

WOOL'-STa-PLER, 71. One who deals in wool. 

WOOL'TRADE, n. [icool and trade.] The trade in wool. 

fWOOL'WARD, ado. In wool. 

WOOL'-WTND-ER, n. A person employed to wind or 
make up wool into bundles to be packed for sale. 

WOOP, 7 ?. A bird. [E. rubicilla.] 

WOO?5, 71. A plant 3 sea- weed. 

WOOTS, 71. Indian steel, a metallic substance. 

WollD, 71. [Sax. word, or wyrd ,• G. xoort ; D. woord; Dan., 
Sw. ord.] 1. An articulate or vocal sound, or a combina- 
tion of articulate and vocal sounds, uttered by the human 
voice, and by custom expressing an idea or ideas 3 a single 
component part of human speech or language. 2. The 
letter or letters, written or printed, which represent a 
sound or combination of sounds. 3. A short discourse. 
4. Talk 3 discourse. 5. Dispute 3 verbal contention. 6 . 
Language 3 living speech 3 oral expression. 7. Promise. 
8 . Signal 3 order 3 command. 9. Account 3 tidings 3 
message. 10. Declaration 3 purpose expressed. 11. Dec- 
laration 3 affirmation. 12. The Scripture 3 divine revela- 


tion, or any part of it. This is called the word of God. 
13. Christ. John i. 14. A motto 3 a short sentence 3 a 
proverb. Spenser. — ji good word, commendation 3 favora- 
ble account. Pope. — In word, in declaration only. 1 
John iii. 

Word, V. i. To dispute. [Little xtsed.] L^ Estrange. 

Word, V. t. To express in words, jiddison. 

WoRD'-CATCIi-EK, n. One who cavils at words. Pope. 

W'ORD'ED, pp. Expressed in words. 

tWoRD'ER, 7 j. A speaker. Whitlock. 

WoRD'I-NESS, 7 t. [from wordy.] The state or quality of 
abounding with words. Ash. 

W 6 RD'lNG,pp 7 *. Expressing in words. 

WoRD'ING, 7 t. 1. The act of expressing in words. 2. The 
manner of expressing in words. 

fW 6 RD'ISH,a. Respecting words. Sidney. 

t WoRD'ISH-NESS, 71. Manner of wording. 

WoRD'LESS, a. Not using words 3 not speaking 3 silent. 

AVoRD'Y, a. 1. Using many words 3 verbose. Spectator. 
2. Containing many words 3 full of words. Philijys. 

WORE, pref. of wear; as, he wore gloves. 

WOUEjpret. of ware ; as, they xcore ship. 

Work, v. i.; pret. and pp. xcorked, or wrought. [Sax. weor- 
can, wircan, wyrean ; Goth, waurkyan ; D. werken; G. 
wirken.] 1. In n general sense, to mov^e, or to move one 
way and the other 3 to perform. 2. To labor 3 to be occu- 
pied in performing manual labor, whether severe or mod- 
erate. 3. To be in action or motion. 4. To act 5 to carry 
on operations. 5. To operate 3 to carry on business 3 to 
be customarily engaged or employed in. 6 . To ferment. 

7. To operate 3 to produce effects by action or influence. 

8 . To obtain by diligence 3 [little used.] 9. To act or 
operate on the stomach and bowels, as a cathartic. 10 . 
To labor 3 to strain 3 to move heavily. 11. To be tossed 
or agitated. 12. To enter by working. — To work on, to 
act 003 to influence. — To work xip, io make way. — To 
work to xcindward, among seamen, to sail or ply against the 
wind 3 to beat. Mar. Diet. 

W 6 RK, V. t. 1. To move 3 to stir and mix 3 as, to work 
mortar. 2. To form by labor 3 to mould, shape or manu- 
facture. 3. To bring into any state by action. 4. To in- 
fluence by acting upon 3 to manage 3 to lead. 5. To make 
by action, labor or violence. 6 . To produce by action, 
labor or exertion. 7. To embroider. 8 . To direct the 
movements of, by adapting the sails to the wind. 9. To 
put to labor 3 to exert. 10 . To cause to ferment, as liquor. 
— 7"o wox'k out. 1. I’o effect by labor and exertion. 2. To 
erase 3 to efface 3 [065.] 3. To solve, as a problem. — To 
xcork up. 1. To raise 3 to excite. 2. To expend in any 
work, as materials. 

Work, 71. [ 8 ax. weorc ; D., G. werk.] 1. Labor 3 employ- 
ment 3 exertion of strength 3 particularly, in man, manual 
labor. 2. State of labor. 3. Awkward performance. 4. 
That which is made or done. 5. Embroidery 3 flowers or 
figures wrought with the needle. 6 . Any fabric or raan- 
ufiicture. 7. The matter on which one is at work. 8 . 
Action 3 deed 3 feat 3 achievement. 9. Operation. 10. 
Effect 3 that which proceeds from agency. 11. Manage- 
ment 3 treatment. 12. That which is produced by men- 
tal labor 3 a composition 3 a book. — 13. Works, in lhe;jZa- 
ral, walls, trenches and the like, made for fortifications. 
— 14. In t/icoZo^T/, moral duties or external performances, 
as distinct from grace. — To set to xcork, or to set on xcork, 
to employ 3 to engage in any business. Hooker. 

Worked, Moved 3 labored 3 performed 3 managed 5 
fermented. 

WoRK'ER, n. C^ne that works 3 one that performs. 

W 6 RK'-FEL-LoW, n. One engaged in the same work 
with anotlmr. Rom. xvi. 

t W 6 RK*-FoLK, 71. Pei'sons that labor. Beaximont. 

WoRK'HOUSE, \n. 1. A house where any manu- 

W’^ORK'ING-IIOUSE, \ facture is carried on. — 2. Gen- 
erally, a house in which idle and vicious persons are con- 
fined to labor. 

WoRK'ING, pp\ Moving 3 operating 3 laboring 3 ferment- 
ing. 

W 6 RKTNG, 77 . 1. Motion 3 the act of laboring. 2. Fer- 
mentation. 3. Movement 3 operation. 

VV 6 RK'ING-DA Y, n. [wox-k and day.] Any day of the 
week, except the Sabbath. 

WoRK'MAN, 77. [7y'o?7c and 777077 .] 1. Any man employed 
in labor, whether in tillage or manufactures. — 2. By way 
of eminence, a skillful artificer or laborer. 

W 6 RK'MAN-LIKE, u. Skillful 3 well performed. 

W 6 RK'MAN-LY, a. Skillful 3 well performed. 

W 6 RK'MAN-LY, adv. In a skillful manner 3 in a manner 
becoming a workman. Tusser. 

WoRK'MAN-SHIP, 77 . 1. Manufacture 3 something made, 
particularly by manual labor. Ex. xxxi. 2. That which 
is effected, made or produced. Eph. ii. 3. The skill of a 
workman 3 or the execution or manner of making any 
thing. 4. The art of working. 

WoRK'MaS-TER, 77 . [xcork and master.] The performer 
of any work. Spenser. 


* See Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, DoVE 5 — BIJLL, UNITE. — C asK 30 asJ 3 SasZ 5 CH as SH 5 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


won 


934 


WOK 


VVORK^SIIOP, n. \^(S'Grk and shop.^ A shop where any 
manufacture is carried on. 

WoKK'WOAI-AN, n. A woman who performs any work j 
or one skilled in needle-work. Spenser. 

WORK' Y-DaY, n. [corrupted from icorldng-daij.] A day 
not the Sabbath. SJiak. 

WORLD, n. [Sax. weorold, woruld ; D. wacreld ; Sw. verld.^ 
1. The universe ; the whole system of created globes or 
vast bodies of matter. 2. The earth j the terraqueous 
globe. 3. The heavens. 4. System of beings ; or the 
orbs which occupy space, and all the beings which in- 
habit them. Heb. xi. 5. Present state of existence. 6. A 
secular life. 7. Public life, or society. 8. Business or 
trouble of life. 9. A great multitude or quantity. 10. 
Mankind 5 people in general; in an indefinite sense. 11. 
Course of life. J2. Universal empire. 13. The customs 
and manners of men ; the practice of life. 14. All the 
world contains. 15. The principal nations or countries of 
the earth. 16. The Roman empire. Scripture. 17. A 
large tract of country ; a wide compass of things. 18. 
The inhabitants of the earth ; the w’hole human race. 
John iii. 19. The carnal state or corruption of the earth. 
Qal. i. 20. The ungodly part of the world. 21. Time; 
as in the phrase, world without end. 22. A collection of 
wonders ; [o6s.] — In the worlds in possibility. — For all the 
world. 1. Exactly; [little used.^ Sidney. 2. For any 
consideration. 

WoRLD'LI-NESS, n. A predominant passion for obtaining 
the good things of this life ; covetousness ; addictedness 
to gain and temporal enjoyments. 

WoRLD'LING, 71. A person whose soul is set upon gaining 
temporal possessions ; one devoted to this world and its 
enjoyments. 

WORLD LY, a. 1. Secular ; temporal ; pertaining to this 
world or life, in contradistinction to the life to come. 2. 
Devoted to this life and its enjoyments ; bent on gain. 3. 
Kuman ; common ; belonging to the world. 

Vv^oRLD'LY, adv. With relation to this life. 

WoRLI>LY-MiND-ED, a. Devoted to the acquisition of 
property and to temporal enjoyments. 

WoRLD'LY-MiND'ED-NESS, ?/. A predominating love 
and pursuit of this world’s goods, to the exclusion of piety 
and attention to spiritual concerns. 

WORM, 71. [Sax. wyrm j G. wtirm; D. worm', Dan. orm.'\ 
1. In common usage, any small, creeping animal, or rep- 
tile, either entirely without feet, or with verj^ short ones, 
including a great variety of animals of different classes 
and orders.— 2. In zoology, the term vermes, or worms, 
has been applied to different divisions of invertebral ani- 
mals, by different naturalists. 3. Remorse ; that which 
incessantly gnaws the conscience ; that which torments. 
Mark ix. 4. A being debased and despised. Ps. xxii. 5. 
A spiral instrument or iron screw, used for drawing wads 
and cartridges from cannon or small arms. 6. Something 
spiral, vermiculated, or resembling a worm ; as, the 
threads of a screw. Moxon. — 7. In chemistry and distille- 
ries, a spiral, leaden pipe placed in a tub of water, 
through which the vapor passes in jlistillation, and in 
which it is cooled and condensed. 8. A small worm-like 
ligament, situated beneath a dog’s tongue. Cyc. 

W6RAI, V. i. To v/ork slowly, gradually and secretly. 

Worm, v. t. l. To expel or undermine by slow and secret 
means. 2. To cut something, called a worm, from under 
the tongue of a dog. 3. To draw the wad or cartridge 
from a gun ; to clean by the worm. 4. To wind a rope 
spirally round a cable, between the strands ; or to wind a 
smaller rope with spun-yarn. Mar. Diet. — To worm one’s 
self into ^ to enter gradually by arts and insinuations. 

W6RM'-eAT-EN, a. [worjii and cat.] 1. Gnawed by 
worms. 2. Old ; worthless. Raleigh. 

t WoILM’-eAT-EN-NESS, 71. State of being worm-eaten ; 
rottenness. 

WORMED, pp. Cleared by a worm or screw. 

WoRM'-GRASS, 71. A plant of the genus spigalia. 

WoRAMNG, j)pr. Entering by insinuation ; drawing, as a 
cartridge ; clearing, as a gun. 

WoRM'LIKE, a. Resembling a worm ; spiral ; vermicular. 

WoRM'-POW-DER, n. A powder used for expelling worms 
from the stomach and intestines. 

WoRM'-SEED, n. 1. A seed which has the property of 
expelling worms. 2. A plant. Lee. 

WoRAl -TINCT'URE, 71. A tincture prepared from earth- 
worms dried, pulverized and mixed with oil of tartar, 
spirit of wine, saffron and castor. 

WoRM'WOOD, 11 . [Sax. wermod ; G. wermuth.] A plant, 
the artenasia. It has a bitter, nauseous taste. 

W6RM'WOOD-FLY, n. A small black fly. Cyc. 

WoRM'Y, *a. 1. Containing a worm ; abounding with 
worms. 2. Earthy ; groveling. 

Worn, pp. of wear ; as, a garment long worn. — Worn out, 
consumed or rendered useless by wearing. 

WOR'NIL, 71. A maggot that infests the backs of cows. 

WOR'RAL, n An animal of the lizard kind. 

WoR'RIED, pp. [from worry.] Harassed ; fatigued. 


W6R'RI-ER, n. One that worries or harasses. 

W OR'RY, V. t. [Sax. werig, werigan, werian.] 1. To tease ; 
to trouble ; to harass with importunity, or with care and 
anxiety. 2. To fatigue , to harass with labor ; a popular 
sense of the word. 3. To harass by pursuit and barking. 
4. To tear ; to mangle with the teeth. 5. To vex ; to 
persecute brutally. 

W6R'RY-ING, ppr. Teasing ; troubling ; harassing ; fa- 
tiguing ; tearing. 

Worse, a. [Sax. wcerse, wyrse ; Dan. verre ; Sw. varre. 
This adjective has the signification of the comparative 
degree, and as bad has no comparative and superlative, 
worse and worst are used in lieu of them, although radi- 
cally they have no relation to bad.] 1. More evH ; more 
bad or ill ; more depraved and corrupt ; in a moral sense. 
— 2. In a physical sense, in regard to health, more sick. 
3. More bad ; less perfect or good. — The worse. 1. The 
loss ; the disadvantage. 2. Something less good. 

Worse, adv. in a manner more evil or bad. 

t Worse, to put to disadvantage, is not in use. See Worst. 

I WoRS'EN, V. t. To worse. Milton. 

WORS'EN, V. i. To become worse. Craven dialect. 

WoRS'ER is a vulgar word, and not used in good writing 
or speaking. 

WOR'SHIP, 71. [Sax. weorthscype / worth and ship.] 1. Ex- 
cellence of character ; dignity ; worth ; worthiness. 2. 
A title of honor, used in addresses to certain magistrates 
and others of respectable character. 3. A term of ironical 
respect. — 4. Chiefly and eminently, the act of paying di- 
vine honors to the Supreme Being. 5. The homage paid 
to idols or false gods, by pagans. 6. Honor ; respect ; 
civil deference. 7. Idolatry of lovers; obsequious or sub- 
missive respect. 

WoR'SHIP, V. t. 1. To adore ; to pay divine honors to ; 
to reverence with supreme respect and veneration. 2. 
To respect ; to honor ; to treat with civil reverence. 3. 
To honor with extravagant love and extreme submission ; 
as a lover. 

WoR'SHIP, v.i. 1. To perform acts of adoration. 2. To 
perform religious service. John iv. 

WoR'SHIPED, pp. Adored ; treated with divine lionors ; 
treated with civil respect. 

WoR'SHIP-ER, n. One who worships ; one who pays di- 
vine honors to any being ; one who adores. South. 

W6R'SHIP-FUL, a. 1. Claiming respect ; worthy of hon- 
or ffom its character or dignity. Shale. 2. A term of re- 
spect, sometimes ironically. 

W6R'SHIP-FUL-LY, adv. Respectfully. Shak. 

WOR'SHIP-ING, ppr. Adoring ; paying divine honors to ; 
treating with supreme reverence ; treating with extreme 
submission. 

Worst, a. [superl. of worse.] 1. Most bad ; most evil. 2. 
Most severe or dangerous ; most dilficult to Iieal. 3. Most 
afflictive, pernicious or calamitous. 

WORST, 71 . 1. The most evil state. 2. The most severe 
or aggravated sta'te ; the height. 3. The most calamitous 

WORST, V. t. To get the advantage over in contest ; to de- 
feat ; to overthrow. 

WORST'ED, pp. Defeated ; overthrown. 

WORST'ED, (wust'ed) n. [The origin of this word is un- 
certain. It is usually supposed to take its name from a 
town in England or in Flanders.] Yarn spun from combed 
wool ; a particular kind of woolen yarn. 

WORST'ED, a. Consisting of worsted. 

WORT, n. [Sax. wyrt ,* G. wurz ; Sw. ort.] 1. A plant ; an 
herb ; now used chiefly or wholly in compounds. 2. A plant 
of the cabbage kind. 3. New beer unfermented, or in 
the act of fermentation ; the sweet infusion of malt. Bacon. 

WORTH, a termination, signifies a farm or court ; as in 
Wordsworth. 

WORTH, V. i. [Sax. weorthan.] This verb is now used 
only in the phrases, wo worth the day, wo icorth the 
man, &c., in which the verb is in the imperative mode, 
and the noun in the dative ; wo be to the day. 

WORTH, 71 . [Sax. weorth, tcurth, wyrth ; G. werth ; D. 
waarde; Sw. vard.] 1. Value; that quality of a thing 
which renders it useful, or which will produce an equiv- 
alent good in some other thing. 2. Value of mental qual- 
ities ; excellence ; virtue ; usefulness. 3. Importance ; 
valuable qualities. 

WORTH, a. 1. Equal in value to. 2. Deserving of; in a 
good or bad sense, but chiefly in a good sense. 3. Equal in 
possessions to ; having estate to the value of. — Worthiest 
of blood, an expression in law, denoting the preference of 
sons to daughters in the descent of estates. 

WOR'THI-LY, adv. 1. In a manner suited to. Ray. 2. 
Deservedly ; according to merit. 3. Justly ; not without 
cause. South. 

WOR'THI-NESS, 71. 1. Desert ; merit. 2. Excellence; 
di‘Tiiity ; virtue. 3. Worth ; quality or state of deserving. 

WORTH'LESS, a. 1. Having no value. 2. Having no 
value of character or no virtue. 3. Having no dignity or 
excellence. 


* See Synopsis. A, E,I, O, 0, 2, long.— F All, FALL, WHAT ;-PREY ;-PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— ^Obsolete. 


WRA 


935 


WRl 


VV6RTII/IjESS-NESS5, n. 1. Want of value j want of use- 
ful qualities. 2. Want of excellence or dignity. 
Woll'THY, a. [G. xDurdi^ y G. waardig iiw. vnrdi(f.'\ 1. 
Deserving ; such as merits ; having worth or excellence j 
equivalent. 2. Possessing worth or excellence of quali- 
ties ; virtuous ; estimable. 3. Suitable ; having qualities 
suited to ; either in a good or bad sense ; equal in value. 
4. Suitable to any thing bad. 5. Deserving of ill. 
Luke xii. 

WoR'TlIY, n. A man of eminent worth; a man distin- 
guished for useful and estimable qualities ; a man of valor ; 
a word much used in the plural ,• as, the icorthies of the 
church. 

t WoR'THY, V. t. To render worthy ; to exalt. Shak. 
j- WOT, V. i. [originally wat ; the preterite of Sax. witan.] 
To know ; to be aware. Spenser. 

WOULD, (wud) pret. of will, G. wolleuy lu.volo. — Would 
is used as an auxiliary verb in conditional forms of speech ; 
as, “1 would go, if I could.” This form of expression 
Ac nolQs loill or resolution y under a condition or supposi- 
tion. — You would gOy or he would gOy denotes simply an 
under a condition or supposition. — Would has the 
sense of xvishy or pray y particularly in the phrases, “ would 
to God,” “ loouZd God we had died in Egypt.” — Would 
is used also for wish to doy or to have ; as, what wouldst 
thou } 

t W5ULDTNG, n. Motion of desire. Hammond. 

WOUND, n. [Sax. wund ; D. wond ; G. wunde.] 1. A 
breach of the skin and flesh of an animal, or of the bark 
and wood of a tree, or of the bark and substance of other 
plants, caused by violence or external force. 2. Injury ; 
hurt. 

* WOUND, V. t. To hurt by violence ; as, to wound the head 
or the arm ; to wound a tree. Is. liii. 

WOUND, pret. and pp. of wind. 

WOUND'ED, pp. Hurt; injured. 

* WOUND'ER, 71. One that wounds. 

WOUNDTNG, ppr. Hurting; injuring. 

* WOUNDTNG, n. Hurt ; injury. Oen. iv. 

^ WOUND'LESS, a. Free from hurt or injury. 
WOUND'WoRT, n. The name of several plants. 
WOUND'Y, a. Excessive. [JYot Fmglish.] 

WOVE, pret. of weave ; sometimes the participle. 

I OX, I ^ waxed 
t WOX'EN, i i^axcd. 

Note. — W before r is always silent. 

WRA€K, or WRECK, n. A name given to a marine plant 
which is of great utility as a manure. 

WRACK, and To WRACK. See Wreck. 
WRaIN'-BoLT. See Wring-bolt. 

WRAN'GLE, ??. i. [from the root of imingy Sw. vranga.\ 
To dispute angrily ; to quarrel peevishly and noisily ; to 
brawl ; to altercate. 

WRaITII, n. [perhaps a corruption of swarthy or swairth.'] 
The apparition of a person about to die, as pretended in 
parts of the JYorth of England. Grose. 

'\\TIAN'GLE, y. t. To involve in contention. [Little used.] 
WRAN'GLE, 71. An angry dispute; a noisy quarrel. Swift. 
WRAN'GLER, n. An angry disputant ; one who disputes 
with heat or peevishness. Watts. — Senior wranglery in 
the university of CambridgOy in Englandy the student who 
passes the best examination in the senate-house. Then 
follow the secondy thirdy &c. xcranglers. 
WRAN'GLE-SoME, a. Contentious; quarrelsome. Moor. 
WRAN'GLING, ppr. Disputing or contending angrily. 
WRAN'GLING, n. The act of disputing angrily. 

WRAP, V. t. ; pret. and pp. icrappedy or 7crapt. 1. To wind 
or fold together. John xx. 2. To involve ; to cover by 
winding something round ; often with tip. 3. To in- 
volve ; to hide. 4. To comprise; to contain. 5. To in- 
volve totally. 6. To inclose. 7. To snatch up ; to trans- 
port. 

WRAPPED, or WRAPT, pp. Wound ; folded ; inclosed. 
WRAPTER, n. 1. One that wraps. 2. That in which any 
thing is wrapped or inclosed. 

WRAP'PING, ppr. 1. Winding; folding; involving; in- 
closing. 2. a. Used or designed for wrapping or covering. 
■WRAP'-RAS-CAL, n. An upper coat. Jamiesap. 

"WR AS?^, I n. A fish, the labrus tinea of Linne, called by 
WRASSE, f authors twrrZMs 

* WRATH, n. [Sax. wrathy wrwth ; Sw., D. vrede.] 1. Vio- 
lent anger ; vehement exasperation ; indignation. 2. 
Tlie effects of anger. Prov. xxvii. 3. The just punish- 
ment of an offense or crime. Rom. xiii. — God’s tcrathy in 
ScripturCy is his holy and just indignation against sin. 
Rom. i. 

WRaTIPFUL, a. 1. Very angry; greatly incensed. 2. 
Springing from wrath, or expressing it. 

'* WRATH'FllL-IiY, ado. With violent anger. Shale. 

* WRATH'FUL-NESS, n. Vehement anger. 

* WRaTH'LESS, a. Free from anger. Waller. 

^ WRATH' Y, a. Very angry ;^a colloquial word. 
t WRAVV’^Ii, V. i. [Sw. vrala.] To cry, as a cat. 


WReAK, V. t. [Sax. wrcBcaUy lorceccan ; D. wrecken ; G 
T'dchen.] 1 . 'I’e execute ; to inflict ; to hurl or drive. 2 . 
To_revenge ; [nearly o 6 s.] Fairfax. 

WReAK, for I'ccky to care, is a mistake. Shak. 

t WReAK, 71. Revenge; vengeance; furious passion. 

WReAK'FTJL, a. Revengeful ; angry. Shak. 

WReAK'LESS, a. Unrevengeful ; weak. Shak. 

WReATH, 71. [Sox. wraethy wreath.] 1 . Something twisted 
or curled. 2. A garland ; a chaplet. 

WReATH, V. t. pret. wreathed ; pp. tvreathedy wreathen, 

1. To twist ; to convolve ; to wind one about another. 2. 
To interweave ; to entwine. 3. To encircle, as a gar- 
land. 4 . To encircle as with a garland; to dress in a 
gartand. 

WReATH, V. i. To be interw'oven or entwined. 

wreathed, pp. Twisted ; entwined ; interwoven. 

WReATH'ING, ppr. Twisting; entwining; encircling. 

WReATH'Y, a. Twisted ; curled ; spiral. 

WRECK, n. [Dan. vragy a wreck, shipwreck ; Sw. vrak ; 
Sa.x>,.wrcecy wi'cccca ; D. tcrak.] 1. Destruction ; properl py 
the destruction of a ship or vessel on the shore. 2. The 
ruins of a ship stranded ; a ship dashed against rocks or 
land and broken, or otherwise rendered useless by vio- 
lence and fracture. 3. Dissolution by violence ; ruin ; de- 
struction. 4. The remains of any thing ruined ; dead 
weeds and grass. — 5. In metallurgyy the vessel in which 
ores are washed the third time. — fi. Wreck, for tcreak, is 
less proper ; [see also Rack.] 

WRECK, V. t. [Sw. vraka.] 1. To strand ; to drive against 
the shore, or dash against rocks, and break or destroy. 2 . 
To ruin, — 3. Wreck, for wreak, is improper. Shak. 

WRECK, V. i. To suffer wreck or ruin. Milton. 

WRECKED, pp. Dashed against the shore or on rocks. 

WRECK'FUL, a. Causing wreck. 

WRECK'ING, ppr. Stranding ; running on rocks. 

WREN, 7 i. [Sax. ?«re 7 t 7 ia ; Ir. dr ean.] A small bird. 

WRENCH, 7 J. t. [G. verrenken D. verici'ingcn.] 1. To pull 
with a twist ; to wrest, twist or force by violence. 2. To 
strain ; to sprain ; to distort. 

WRENCH, n. 1. A violent twist, or a pull with twisting. 

2. A sprain ; an injury by twisting ; as in a joint. 3. An 
instrument for screwing or unscrewing iron-work. 4. 
Means of compulsion ; [c&s.] — 5. In the plural, sleights ; 
subtilties ; [oJs.] 

WREST, V. t. [Sax. wrwstan ; G. reissen ; Dan. vrister.] 1. 
To twist or extort by violence ; to pull or force from by 
violent wringing or twisting. 2. To take or force from by 
violence. 3. To distort ; to turn from truth, or twist from 
its natural meaning, by violence ; to pervert. 

WREST, n. 1. Distortion; violent pulling and twisting; 
perversion. 2. Active or moving power ; [ 065 .] 3. An 
instrument to tune. 

WREST'ED, 2>P‘ Pulled w’itli twisting ; distorted ; per- 
verted. 

WREST'ER, 72. One who wrests or perverts. 

WREST'ING, jrpr. Pulling with a twist ; distorting. 

WRES'TLE, (resM) v. i. [Sax. tcrcestlian, or wraxlian ; D 
tcorstelen.] 1 . To strive with arms extended, as two men, 
who seize each other by the collar and arms, each en- 
deavoring to throw the other by tripping up his heels and 
twitching him OS' his centre. 2. To struggle ; to strive ; 
to contend. 

t AVRES'TLE, v. t. To overcome in wrestling. Spenser. 

WRES'TLER, n. One who wrestles ; or one who is skill- 
ful in wrestling. 

WRES'TLING, ppr. Striving to throw ; contending. 

WRES'TLING, 72 . Strife ; struggle ; contention. 

WRETCH, 72 . [Sax. tcracca.] 1. A miserable person ; one 
sunk in the deepest distress. 2. A worthless mortal. 3. 
A pei"son sunk in vice. 4. It is sometimes used by way 
of slight or ironical pity or contempt. 5. It is sometimes 
used to express tenderness. 

WRETCH'ED, a. 1. Very miserable ; sunk into deep afflic- 
tion or distress, either from want, anxiety or grief. 2. 
Calamitous ; very afflicting. 3. Worthless ; paltry ; very 
poor or mean. 4. Despicable ; hatefully vile and con- 
temptible. 

WRETCH'ED-LY, adv. 1. Most miserably; very poorly, 
2. Unhappily. 3. Meanly ; despicably. 

WRETCH'ED-NESS, n. 1. Extreme misery or unhappi- 
ness, either from w^ant or sorrow^ 2. Meanness; despi- 
cableness ; as, the wretchedness of a performance. 

WRETCH'LESS, for 7* 

WRETCH'LEgS-NES^ 

t WRIG, for tcriggle. 

WRIG GLE, V. i. [W. rhuglatc ; D. icriggclen.] To move 
the body to and fro with short motions. Swift. 

WRIG'GLE, V. t. To put into a quick, reciprocating mo- 
tion ; to introduce by a shifting motion. Hudibras. 

WRIG'GLER, 71. One wdio v/riggles. 

WRIG'GLING, ppr. Moving the body one way and the 
other with quick turns. 

WRIGHT, (rite) 72. [Sox. loryhta.] An artificer ; one whose 
occupation is some kind of mechanical business ; a w'ork- 


ecklessy 

L for recklesstiess. 


are improper. 


♦ See Sijnopsis. MOVE, BOOK, Do VE ; — BULL, UNITE. — C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; OH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


X 


936 


XEN 


man ; a inanufacturer. This word is now chiefly used in 
compounds, as in shipwright^ icheelwright. 

WRING, V. t. ; pret. and pp. wringcd and icrung. The lat- 
ter is chiefly used. [Sax. wringan ; G. ringen’, D. wrin- 
gen ; Dan. ringer.'] 1. To twist ; to turn and strain with 
violence. 2. To squeeze ; to press ; to force by twisting. 
3. To writhe. 4. To pinch ; [ofts.] 5. To distress ; to 
press with pain. 6. To distort j to pervert. 7. To per- 
secute with extortion. 8. To bend or strain out of its po- 
sition. J\Iar. Diet. — To wring off, to force off or separate 
by wringing. — To wring out. 1. To force out ; to squeeze 
out by twisting. 2. To free from a liquor by wringing. — 
To wring from, to force from by violence ; to extort. 

WRING, V. i. To writhe 3 to twist, as with anguish. 
Shak. 

WRING, w. Action of anguish. Hall. 

WRING'-BoLT, n. A bolt used by shipwrights, to bend 
and secure the planks against the timbers till they are 
fastened by bolts, spikes and tree-nails. 

WRINGED, pp. Twisted j pressed 5 distressed 5 extorted. 

WRING'ER, n. One who wrings 5 one that forces water 
out of any thing by wringing. 

WRINGING, ppr. Twisting ; writhing; extorting. 

WRING'-STaVES, n. Strong bars of wood used in apply- 
ing wring-bolts. Mar. Diet. 

WRIN'KLE, n. [Sax. wrincle ; Sw. rynka ; Dan. rynke.] I. 
A small ridge or prominence, or a furrow, formed by the 
shrinking or contraction of any smooth substance ; corru- 
gation ; a crease. 2. A fold or rumple in cloth. 3. 
Roughness ; unevenness. 

WRIN'KLE, v.t. [Sax. wrinclian ,* Sw. rynka ; Dan. ryn- 
ker.] ]. To contract into furrows and prominences ; to 
corrugate. 2. To make rough or uneven. 

WRIN'KLE, V. i. To shrink into furrows and ridges. 

WRIN'KLED, pp. Contracted into ridges and furrows. 

WRIN'KLING, ppr. Shrinking ; contracting into furrows 
and ridges. 

WRIST, n. [Sax. I. The joint by which the hand 

is united to the arm. — 2. In the manege, the bridle-wrist is 
that of the cavalier’s left hand. 

WRIST'BAND, n. [wrist and band.] That band or part of a 
shirt sleeve which covers the wrist. 

WRIT, n. [from write.] 1. That which is written ; in this 
sense, writ is particularly applied to the Scriptures ; as, 
holy u'rit. — 2. In law, a precept issued from the proper 
authority to the sheriff, his deputy or other subordinate 
officer, commanding him to perform some act, as to sum- 
mon a defendant into court to answer, and the like. 3. 
A legal instrument. 

t WRIT, pret. of write, is not now used. 

t WRI'TA-TiVE, a. Disposed to write. Pope. 

WRITE, V. t. ; pret. wrote ; pp. writ, icritten. [Sax. writan, 
awi'itan, gewritan i Ice. rita.] 1. To form by a pen on pa- 
per or other material, or by a graver on wood or stone. 
2. To express by forming letters and words on paper or 
stone. 3. To engrave. 4. To impress durably. 5. To 
compose or produce, as an author. 6. To copy ; to tran- 
scribe. 7. To communicate by letter. 

W^RITE, V. i. 1. To perform the act of forming characters, 
letters or figures, as representatives of sounds or ideas. 
2. To be employed as a clerk or an amanuensis. 3. To 
play the author. 4. To recite or relate in books. 5. To 
send letters. 6. To call one’s self ; to be entitled ; to use 
the style of. 7. To compose ; to frame or combine ideas 
and express them in words. 

WRiT'ER, n. 1. One who writes or has written. 2. An 
author. 3. A clerk or amanuensis. 

WRITHE, V. t. [Sax. ivrithan ; Sw. vrida ; Dan. vrider.] 
1. To twist ; to distort. 2. To twist with violence. 3. 
To wrest ; to distort ; to torture ; [obs.] 

WRITHE, V. i. To twist ; to be distorted. Addison. 

WRITHED, pp. Twisted ; distorted. 

WRiTHTNG, ppr. Twisting ; distorting. 

f WRITH'LE, V. t. [from writhe.] To wrinkle. Spenser. 


WRiTTNG, ppr. 1. Forming, as characters, with a pen 
style or graver. 2. a. Used or intended for writing. 

WRiTTNG, n. 1. The act or art of forming letters and 
characters, for the purpose of recording ideas. 2. Any 
thing written or expressed in letters ; hence, any legal 
instrument, as a deed, a receipt, &c. 3. A book ; any 
written composition ; a pamphlet ; as, the writings of Ad- 
dison. 4. An inscription. John xix. — 5. Writings, plu. 
conveyances of lands ; deeds ; or any official papers. 

WRIT'ING-MAS'TER, n. One who teaches the art of pen- 
manship. 

WRIT'TEN, pp. Expressed in letters. — Written laws, stat- 
utes ; laws enacted by the supreme power and recorded j 
as contradistinguished from unwritten or common law. 

I WRIZ'ZLED, for writhled. Spenser. 

fWRo'KEN, for wreaked. Spenser. 

WRONG, a. [Sw. vrang ,* Dan. vrang Sw. vranga ; Dan. 
vrwyiger.] 1. Not physically right ; not fit or suitable ; as, 
the wrong side of a garment. 2. Not morally right ; that 
deviates from the line of rectitude prescribed by God ; 
not just or equitable ; not right or proper ; not legal ; er- 
roneous. 3. Erroneous; not according to truth. 

WRONG, n. Whatever deviates from moral rectitude ; any 
injury done to another ; a trespass ; a violation of right. — 
Wrongs are private or public. Private wrongs are civil 
injuries, immediately affecting individuals ; public wrongs 
are crimes and misdemeanors which affect the community. 

WRONG, adv. Not rightly ; amiss ; morally ill ; erroneously. 

WRONG, V. t. I. To injure ; to treat with injustice ; to de- 
prive of some right, or to withhold some act of justice 
from. 2. To do injustice to by imputation ; to impute 
evil unjustly. 

WRONG'-DO-ER, n. One who injures another, or does 
wrong. 

WRONG '-DO-ING, n. Evil or wicked act or action. 

WRONGED, pp. Treated unjustly ; injured. 

WRONG'ER, 71. One who injures another. 

WRONG'FUL, a. Injurious; unjust. 

WRONG'FIJL-LY, adv. Unjustly ; in a manner contrary 
to the moral law or to justice. 

WRONG'HEAD, \ a. Wrong in opinion or principle ; 

WRONG-HEAD'ED, ) having a perverse understanding ; 
perverse. 

WRONG-HEAD'ED-NESS, n. Perverseness ; erroneous- 
H0ss« 

t WRONG'LESS-LY, adv. Without injury to any one. 

WRONG'LY, adv. In a wrong manner ; unjustly ; amiss. 

WRONG 'NESS, n. Wrong disposition ; error. Butler. 

WROTE, pret. of write Tas, he wrote a letter yesterday. 

WROTH, a. [Sax. wreeth, wrath.] Very angry ; much ex- 
asperated. 

WROUGHT, (rawt) pret. and pp. of work. [Sax. worhte, 
the pret. and pp. of wircan, weorcan, to work.] 1. W-^orked ; 
formed by work or labor. 2. Effected ; performed. 3. 
Effected ; produced. 4. Used in labor. 5. Worked ; 
driven. 6. Actuated. 7. Worked; used; labored in. 
8. Formed ; fitted. 9. Guided ; managed ; [0Z/5.] 10. 
Agitated; disturbed. — Wrought on or upon, influenced; 
prevailed on. — Wrought to or up to, excited ; inflamed. 

WRUNG, pret. and pp. of wring. 

WRY, a. [Goth, wraiewa, or Dan. vrier.] 1. Twisted ; 
turned to one side ; distorted. 2. Deviating from the 
right direction. 3. Wlested ; perverted. 

f WRY, V. i. To be writhed or distorted. 

t WRY, V. t. To distort ; to wrest. 

W’’RY'NE€K, n. [wry and neck.] 1. A twisted or distorted 
neck ; a deformity in which the neck is drawn to one 
side, and at the same time somewhat forwards. 2. A 
disease of the spasmodic kind, in sheep, in which the 
head is drawn to one side. — 3. In ornithology, a bird re- 
sembling the woodpeckers. 

W’’RY'NE€KED, a. Having a distorted neck. 

WRY'NESS, n. The state of being wry or distorted. 

WYCH'-ELM, 71. A variety of the elm. Cyc. 



# 


X the twenty-fourth letter of the English Alphabet, is 
j borrowed from the Greek. In the middle and at the 
end of words, it has the sound of ks, as in wax, lax, lux- 
ury. At the beginning of a word, it has precisely the 
sound of z. 

It is used as an initial, in a few words borrowed from the 
Greek. 

As a numeral, X stands for ten. It represents one V, which 
stands for five, placed on the top of another. When laid 
horizontally, thus , it stands for a thousand, and with 

a dash over it, thus X, it stands for ten thousand. 


As an abbreviation, X. stands for Christ, as inXn. Christian ; 
Xm. Christmas. 

XAN'THID, I n. A compound of xanthogene and a metal. 
XAN'THIDE, i Henry. 

XAN'THO-GENE, n. [Gr. ^avdog and yevvaw.] The base 
of a new acid, produced by the mixture of a solution of 
pure potassa with bisulphuret of carbon. 

XE-BE€', 71. A small three-masted vessel, used in the 
Mediterranean sea. Mar. Diet. 

XE-N0D'0-€HY, n. [Gr. ^evoSo^ia.] Reception of stran- 
1 gers ; hospitality. Cockeram. 


oee t:)ynopsis. 


YAW 


937 


YEL 


XE-RO-€OL-LYR'I-UM, n. ^r. and xoXXvptov.] A 
dry coilyriuin or eye-salve. Coxe. 

XE-Ko'DeS, n. Any tumor attended with dryness. 

XER-O-My'RUM, n. [Gr. ^vp^S, dry, and //vpov, ointment.] 
A dry ointment. Coxe. 

XE-ROPH'A-GY, n. [Gr. ^vpos and 0ayw.J The eating of 
dry meats, a sort of last among the primitive Christians. 

XE-ROPH'THAL-MY, n. [Gr. and o00aXfua.j A dry, 
red soreness or itching of the eyes. 

XE-Ro'TES, n. A dry habit or disposition. 


XIPHT-x\S, n. [Gr. from 1. The sword-fish. 2. A 

comet shaped like a sword. 

XIPH'OID, a. The xiphoid or ensiform cartilage is a small 
cartilage placed at the bottom of the breast bone. 

XY-LO-BAL'SA'MUM, n. The wood of the balsam tree. 

X'S^-LOG'RA-PHY, n. [Gr. ^v\ov and ypa 0 w.] Wood-en- 
graving ; the act or art of cutting figures in wood, in rep- 
resentation of natural objects. 

XYS'TER, 71. [Gr. ^varpov, from |vw, to scrape.] A surgeon’s 
instrument for scraping bones. 


Y. 


Y the twenty-fifth letter of the English Alphabet, is 
j taken from the Greek u. At the beginning of words, 
it^ is called an articulation or consonant^ and with some 
propriety perhaps, as it brings the root of the tongue in 
close contact with the lower part of the palate, and nearly 
in the position to which the close g brings it. Hence it 
has happened, that, in a great number of words, g has been 
changed into y ,* as the Sax. gear^ into year j geomianj 
into yearn ; gyllan, into yell; gealew, into yellow. 

In the middle and at the end of words, y is precisely the 
same as i. It is sounded as i long, when accented, as in 
defy, rely ; and as i short, when unaccented, as in vanity, 
glory, sxjnonymous. This latter sound is a vowel. At the 
beginning of words, y answers to the German and DutchJ. 
Y, as a numeral, stands for 150, and, with a dash over it, Y, 
for 150,000. 

YACHT, (yot) n. [D. jagt ; G. jacht.'] A vessel of state 
used to convey princes, embassadors and other great per- 
sonages from one place to another. 

YAFF, V. i. To bark. Cheshire. 

YA'GER, (yaw'ger) n. [G. jdger.'] A horseman. 

Ya'HOO, n. A word used by Chesterfield, I suppose for a 
savage, or a person resembling a savage. 

YAK, 11 . A species of ox j the grunting ox of Pennant. 
Cyc. 

YAM, 71. A large esculent root growing in tropical climates. 
YAM'BOO, 71. A kind of plant producing a fruit. 

YAN'KEE, 77 . A corrupt pronunciation of the word English 
by the native Indians of America. Heckewelder. 
YAM'MER, V. i. To complain ; to whine ; to make a disa- 
greeable noise. Brackett. 

YAX'O-LITE, 77 . A mineral, called also axinite or thumer- 
stone, whose crystals resemble an ax. Ure. 

YAP, to bark, is not a legitimate word. 

YAP' ON, 77 . The cassine or South sea tea. 

YARD, 77 . [Sax. geard, gerd, gyrd.'\ 1. A measure of three 
feet or thirty-six inches. 2. [Sax. gyrdan, to inclose.] 
An inclosure ; usually, a small, inclosed place in front of 
or around a house or barn. — 3. In ships, a long, slender 
piece of timber, nearly cylindrical, suspended upon the 
mast, by which a sail is extended. — Dock-yard, a place 
where ships are laid up. — Prison-yard, primarily, an in- 
closure about a prison, or attached to it. Hence, liberty of 
the yard is a liberty granted to persons imprisoned for 
debt, of walking in the yard, or within any other limits 
prescribed by law. U. States. 

YARD, V. t. To confine cattle to the yard. [j3 farmer^s 
word.] 

YARD'- ARM, n. [yard Siud arm.] Either half of a ship’s 
yard, from the centre or mast to the end. 

YARD'-STI€K, n. [yard and stick.] A stick three feet in 
length, used as a measure of cloth, «fec. 

YARD'-WAND, n. A measure of a yard ; now yardstick. 
t YARE, a. [Sax. ^ea/- 7 c.] Ready ; dextrous ; eager, 
t YARE'LY, ady.lleadily ; dextrously 3 skilfully. Shak. 
YARK. See Yerk. 

YARN, 77. [Sax. gearn ; G., Ice., Sw. garn.] 1. Spun wool ; 
woolen thread ; but it is applied also to other species of 
thread, as to cotton and linen. — 2. In rope-making, one of 
the threads of which a rope is composed, 
f YARR, v.i. [Low L. hirrio ; Celtic, gar.] To growler 
snarl, as a dog. Ainsworth. 

YAR'RISH, a. Having a rough, dry taste. [Local.] 
YAR'RtOW, 77. [Sax. gearwe; Sp. 7/aro.] A plant of the 
genus achillea ; the milfoil, or plant of a thousand leaves. 
YATE, in the north of England, is used formate. 

YAUD, 77. A horse. Grose. 

YAULP, or YAUP, v. i. To yelp. Brockett. 

YAW, 71. The African name of a raspberry. Cyc. 

YAW, v.i. 1. To rise in blisters, breaking in white froth, 
as cane-juice in the sugar-works. JVest Indies. — 2. In 
navigation, to deviate from the line of her course, as a 
ship. 

YAWL, 77. A small ship’s boat, usually rowed by four or 
six oars. 


YAWL, V. i. To cry out. See Yell. 

YAWN, V. i. [Sax. geonan, gynian ; G. gHhnen.] 1. To 
gape ; to oscitate ; to have the mouth open involuntarily, 
through drowsiness or dullness. 2. To open wide. 3. 
To express desire by yawning. 

YAWN, 77 . I. A gaping ; an involuntary opening of the 
inouth from drowsiness 3 oscitation. 2. An opening 
wide. 

YAWNTNGjppr. I. Gaping; opening wide. 2. a. Sleepy j 
drowsy ; dull. Shak. 

YAWN'ING, 77 . The act of gaping or opening wide. 

YAWS, 77. A severe cutaneous disease in Africa, &c. 
Y-CLAD', pp. Clad. [Obsolete, except in poetry, and perhaps 
in burlesque only.] 

Y-CLEP'ED, (e-klepP) pp. of Sax. ge-clypian, clepan, to call. 

Called ; named. It is obsolete except in burlesque. 
fY-DRAD', pp. Dreaded. Spenser. 

YE, pron. [Sax. ge.] The nominative plural of the second 
person, of which thou is the singular. 

*YEA, (ya) adv. [Sax. gea, geac ; G., D., Dan. ja.] 1. Yesj 
a word that expresses afiirmation or assent. 2. It some- 
times enforces the sense ot something preceding ; not 
only so, but more. — 3. In Scripture, it is used to denote 
certainty, consistency, harmony and stability 3 as, “ all the 
promises of God in him are yea, and in him are amen.” 
2 Cor. i. — Yea is used only in the sacred and solemn 
style. [See Yes.] 

t Ye AD, or f GeAD, v. i. To go. Spenser. 

Yean, v.i. [Sax. eanian.] To bring forth young, as a goat 
or sheep 3 to lamb. [Obsolete or local.] 

YeANED, pp. Brought forth. 

YeAN'LING, 77 . The young of sheep; a lamb. [Obsolete, or 
Ivcal.] _ „ 

Year, n. [Sax. gear ; G. jahr ; D.jaar; Sw. ar.] 1. The 
space or period of time in which the sun moves through 
the twelve signs of the ecliptic, or whole circle, and re- 
turns to the same point. This is the solar year, and com- 
prehends what are called the twelve calendar months, or 
365 days, 5 hours, and 49 minutes, within a small frac- 
tion. But, in popular usage, the year consists of 365 days, 
and every fourth year [bissextile or leap year] of 366 3 a 
day being added to February, on account of the 5 hours 
and 49 minutes. 2. The time in which any planet com- 
pletes a revolution. 3. The time in which the fixed stars 
make a revolution is called the great year. — 4. Years, in 
the plural, is sometimes equivalent to age or old age ; as, 
a man in years. 

YeAR'-BOOK, 77 . [7/CG7* and book.] A book containing an- 
nual reports of cases adjudged in the courts of England. 
fYEARED, a. Containing years. B. Jonson. 

YeAR'LING, 77 . A young beast one year old. 
YeAR'LING, a. Being a year old 3 as a yearling heifer. 
YeAR'LY, a. 1. Annual 3 happening, accruing or coming 
every year. 2. Lasting a year. 3. Comprehending a 
year. 

YeAR'LY, adv. Annually ; once a year. 

YEARN, (yern) \ v. i. [Sax. geornian, giernan, gyrnan, 
YERN, i carnian.] 1 . To be strained 3 to be pained 

or distressed ; to sutfer. — 2. Usually, to long 3 to feel an 
earnest desire ; that is, literally, to have a desire or in- 
clination stretching towards the object or end. 

[YEARN, V. t. To pain 3 to grieve ; to vex. Shak. 
fYEARN'FUL, a. Mournful 3 distressing. 

YEARN'ING, ppr. Longing; having longing desire. 
YEARN'ING, n. Strong emotions of desire, tenderness ur 
pity. 

* YEAST, (yeest, or yest) n. [Sax. gist ; G. gdscht ; D. ^ 75 t.] 
I. Barm ; the foam, froth or flower of beer or other liquor 
in fermentation ; used for raising dough for bread. 2 . 
Spume or foam of water ; [o&s.] 

* YEAST'Y. a. Frothy ; foamy ; spumy : like yeast. 
*YELK, (often, but less correctly, written yolk) n. [Sax. 

ffealew ; G. gelb.] The yellow part of an egg 3 the vitel- 
Ins. , , 

YELL, V. i. [Sax. giellan, gyllan ; D. gillen ; Sw. galla.] 


* Sec Synopsis. MOVE, BOOK, Do VE 3— BULL, UNITE.— € as K 3 G as J 3 S as Z 3 CH as SH 3 TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


YTT 


YIE 


938 


To cry out with a hideous noise j to cry or scream as with 
agony or horror. 

Yell, n. a sharp, loud, hideous outcry. Phillips, 
YELL'ING, ppr. Uttering hideous outcries ; shrieking. 
YELLTNG, n. The act of screaming hideously. 
YEL'LoW, a. [Sax. gealew ; G. gelb ,* D. geel.\ Being of a 
brigh^ color ; of the color of gold. JSTewton. 

YEL'LoW, n. A bright color, reflecting the most light of 
any, after white. 

YEL'LoW-BLOS'SOMED, a. Furnished or adorned with 
yellow flowers. Goldsmith. 

YEL'LoW-BOY, n. A gold coin. [ Vulgar.] 
YEL'LoW-EARTH, n. A soft, yellow mineral. 
YEL'LoW-Fe'VER, n. A malignant disease of warm 
climates, which often suffuses the skin with a yellowish 
color. 

YEL'LoW-GoLDS, n. A flower. B. Jonson. 
YEL'LoW-HAM'MER, n. A bird of the genus embcriza. 
YEL'LoW-ISH, a. Somewhat yellow. Woodward. 
YEL'LoW-ISH-NESS, n. The quality of being somewhat 
yellow. Boyle. 

YEL'LoW-NESS, n. 1. The quality of being yellow. 2. 
Jealousy ; [o&s.] Shak. 

YEL'LoWS, n. A disease of horses, cattle and sheep. 
YELP, V. i. [Sax. gealpan ; Dan. gylper.] To bark, as a 
beagle-hound after his prey, or as other dogs. 

YELP'ING, ppr. Barking in a particular manner. 
YEN'ITE, n. A mineral found in the isle of Elba. 

* YEo'MAN, n. [Sax. geinmie ; Sw. gemen ; Dan. geynceti.] 

1. A common man, or one of the plebeians, of the first or 
most respectable class ; a freeholder ; a man free born. 

2. An officer in the king’s household, of a middle rank 
between a gentleman and a groom. — 3. In ships, an infe- 
rior officer under the boatswain, gunner or carpenters, 
charged with the stowage, account and distribution of the 
stores. 4. A name or title of certain soldiers j as, yeoman 
of the guard. 

* Y^Eo'MAN-LY, a. Pertaining to a yeoman. B. Jonson. 

* YEo^MAN-RY, n. Tlie collective body of yeomen or free- 
holders. 

YERK, V. t. To throw or thrust with a sudden, smart 
spring. Far. Diet. 

YERK, 71. A sudden or quick thrust or motion. 

YERK'ING, ppr. Thrusting with a quick spring. 

YERN. See Yearn. 

YER'NUT, or YAR'NUT, n. An earthnut j a pignut. Wil- 
braham. 

* YES, adv. [Sax. gise.] A word which expresses affirma- 
tion or consent ; opposed to no. 

YEST. See Yeast. 

YES'TER, a. [G. gestC7'n; Sax. gijstcrn; lu. hestci-nus.] 
Last ; last past ; next before the present j as, yester sun. 
— [JV'yte. This is seldom used, except in the compounds 
which follow.] 

* YES'TER-DA X , ?i. [Sax. gi/rstan-dag, gyrsternlic deeg.] 

1. The day last past j the day next before the presenL — 

2. Yesterday is used generally without a preposition j as, 
I went to town yesterday. 

* YES'TER-NiGHT, n. [yester and night.] 1. The last 
night. 2. It is used without a preposition. 

YEST'Y. SccYeastv. 

YET, eonj. [Sax. get, gyt ; Gr. en.] Nevertheless j not- 
withstanding ; however. 

YET, adv. 1. Beside ; over and above. 2. Still ; the state 
remaining the same. 3. At this time ; so soon. 4. At 
least; at all. 5. It is prefixed to words denoting extension 
of time or continuance. 6. Still ; in a new degree. 7. 
Even ; after all ; a kind of emphatical addition to a nega- 
tive. 8. Hitherto, 
t YlC'VEN, for Speiiser. 

YEVV, n. [Sax. iio; W. 7jio,or ywen', Fr. if.] An evergreen 
tree valued for its wood or timber. 

YEVV, V. i. To rise, as scum on the brine in boiling at the 
salt works. See Yaw. Cyc. 

YEVV'EN, a. Made of yew. Rubber d. 

YEX, n. [Sax. ^eoc5a.] A hiccough. [Little used.] 

YEX, V. i. To hiccough, 
f Y-FeRE', adv. Together. Spenser. 

yield, r;. t. [Sax. gieldan, gildan, gijldan.] 1. To produce, 
as land, stock or funds ; to give in return for labor, or as 
profit. 2. To produce, in general. 3. To afford ; to 
exhibit. 4. To allow ; to concede ; to admit to be true. 
5. To give, as claimed of right. 6. To permit to grant. 7. 
To emit ; to give up. 8. To resign ; to give up ; some- 
tnnes with up or over. 9. To surrender. 
yield,?;./. 1. To give up the contest ; to submit. 2. To 
comply with. 3. To give way; not to oppose. 4. To 
give place, as inferior in rank or excellence, 
f YI eLD'A-BLE-NESS, n. Disposition to comply, 
t YIeLD'ANCE, n. Act of producing ; concession. 
YIeLD'ED, pp. Produced ; afforded ; conceded ; allowed ; 

resigned ; surrendered. 

YlisLD'ER, //. One who yields. 

YIeLD'ING, ppr. 1. Producing; affording; conceding; 


resigning; surrendering; allowing. 2. a. Inclined ta 
g|ve way or comply ; flexible ; accommodating. 
YIeLD'ING, Act of producing; act of surrendering; 
submission. Shak. 

YIeLD'ING-LY, adv. With compliance. 
YIeLD'ING-NESS, n. Disposition to comply ; quality of 
yielding. Paley. 

Yo'JAN, n. In the East Indies, a measure or distance of 
five miles. J^siat. Res. 

YOKE, n. [Sax. geoe, or ioe ; D. juk ; G.joeh ; Fr. jo 7 tg.] 
1. A piece of timber, hollowed or made curving near 
each end, and fitted with bows for receiving the necks of 
oxen ; by which means two are connected for drawing. 2. 
A mark of servitude ; slavery ; bondage. 3. A chain ; a 
link ; a bond of connection. 4. A couple ; a pair ; as, a 
yoke of oxen. 5. Service. Matt. xi. 

YOKE, V. t. 1. To put a yoke on ; to join in a yoke. 2. To 
couple ; to join with another. 3. To enslave ; to bring 
mto bondage. 4. To restrain ; to confine. 

Yoked, pp. Confined in a yoke ; joined; coupled. 
YoKE'-ELM, n. A tree. 

YcKE'-FEL-LoW, or YoKE'-MATE, «. [7joke ^nd fellow 
or 711 ate.] 1. An associate or companion. 2. A mate; a 
fellow. Spectator. 

YoK'ING, ppr. Putting a yoke on ; joining ; coupling, 
t YoLD, for 7jielded. Spe7iser. 

*YoLK, 71. 1. The yelk of an egg ; [see Yelk.] 2. The 
unctuous secretion from the skin of sheep, which renders 
the pile soft and pliable. 3. The vitellus, a part of the 
seed of plants, so named by Giertner, from its supposed 
analogy with the yelk of an egg. 

YOLP. See Yelp. 

YON, YOND, or YON'DER, a. [Sax. ^eoric/.] Being at a 
distance within view. Bacon. 

YON, YOND, or YON'DER, adv. At a distance within 
view. 

t YOND, a. Mad ; furious, or alienated in mind. Spenser. 
|YORE, arfy. [Sax. geura.] Long. Spenser. — Of yore, of 
old time ; long ago; as, in times or days of yore. 

YOU, (yu) [Sax. coic, in, mch ; G. each; Arm. chuy 
D. gu, or 7/71, thou.] 1. 'I he pronoun of the second per- 
son, in the nominative or objective case. — In familiar 
language, it is applied to an individual, as thou is in the 
solemn style. In the plural, it is used in the solemn style 
in the objective case. 2. You is used, like o/i in Frencli, 
for any one ; as, “ this at a distance looks like a rock ; but 
as you approach it, you see a little cabin.” 

Y6UNG, (yung) a. [Sax. iong, geong ; G. jung ; D. jong ; 
Sw., Dan. ung.] 1. Not having teen long born ; being 
in the first part of life ; not old ; uned of animals ,• as, a 
young child. 2. Being in the first i>art of growth ; as, a 
young plant. 3. Ignorant ; weak ; or, rather, having little 
experience. 

Y6UNG, 77. The offspring of animals, either a single an- 
imal, or offspring collectively. 

YoUN'GER, (yung'ger) a. comp. Not so old as another. 
YoUN'GEST, (yung'gest) a. superl. Having the least 
age. 

YoUNG'ISH, (yung'ish) a. Somewhat young. Tatler. 
YoUNG'IilNG, (yung'ling) 71. [Sax. Any ani- 

mal in the first part of life. Drijde7i. 
t YoUNG'LY, a. Youthful. Gower. 

YoUNG'LY, (yung'ly) adv. 1. Early in life. Shak. 2. Ig- 
norantly ; weakly ; [little used.] 

YoUNG'STER, (yung ster) n. A young person ; a lad ; a 
colloquial icord. Shak. 
t Y6UNGTH, for youth. Spenser. 

YoUNK'ER, 71. Among seamen, a stripling in the service. 
YOuR, (yure) a. prono7ii. [from 7jou ; Sax.eowcr ; G. euer.] 
1. Belonging to you. 2. It is used indefinitely. 3. Yours 
is used us a substitute for a noun in the nominative or 
objective. 

YOuR-SELF',p?-7)7?.;pZ77. Yourselves, [yctir and 5eZ/.] 1. A 
word added to you, to express distinction emphatically 
between you and other persons ; as, this work you must 
.do yourself. 2. It is used as the reciprocal pronoun. 
YOUTH, (yuth) 77. [Sax. iuguth, iugoth, iogoth,. geogath; 
G.jugend; B.jougd.] 1. The part of life that succeeds 
to childhood. — In a general sense, ijouth denotes the whole 
early part of life, from infancy to manhood ; but it is not 
unusual to divide the stages of life into infancy, childhood, 
youth, and 7 nanhood. 2. A young man. 3. A young per- 
son, male or female. 4. Young persons collectively. 
YOuTH'FlJL, a. 1. Young. 2. Pertaining to the early 
part of life. 3. Suitable to the first part of life. 4. Fresh ; 
vigorous, as in youth. 

YOUTH'Fl]L-LY, adv. In a youthful manner, 
t YOuTH'HOOD, 77. The state of youth. Cheijne. 
j YOuTH'LY’a. Young; early in life. Spe7iser. 
fYOuTH'Y, a. Young. [Bad, and not used.] Spectator. 
Y-PIGHT', a. Fixed, that is, pitched. Spenser. 

YT'TRI-A, 77. [so called from Ytterby, a quarry in Sweden.] 
One of the earths. 

YT'TRI-OUS, 72 . Pertaining to yttria; containing yttria. 


* See Synopsis. A, E, I, o, U, Y, Z7777 o-.—FaR, FALL, WHAT PREY PIN, MARINE, BIRD;— ] Obsolete. 


ZET 


939 


ZOO 


YT'TRI-UM, n. The base of yttria. 

YT'TRO-Ce'RITE, n. A mineral. 

YT'TRO-€OL'UM-BlTE, n, A mineral containing yt- 
tria. 

YT'TRO-TAN'TA-LITE, n, A mineral. 

YUCK, V. i. To itch. \^Local.'\ Orose. 

YUFTS, n. Russia leather, prepared from ox-hides in a pe- 
culiar manner. Tooke. 


YUG, or YOG, n. In the mythology of India, an age ; one 
of the ages into which the Hindoos divide the duration or 
existence of the world. 

Yu'LAN, n. A beautiful flowering tree of China. 

YuLE, 71. [Sax. iule, geohol, gehvi, geol ,* Arm. gouel, gov,- 
il.l The name anciently given to Christmas, 
f YUX, 71. A hiccough, 
f YUX, V. i. To hiccough. 


I 


Z. 


Z the last letter of the English Alphabet, is a sibilant ar- 
j ticulation, and is merely a vocal S. It bears the same 
relation to s as 77 does to /. With us it has not a com- 
pound sound, nor is it a double consonant, as in the Ital- 
ian and German. It is as simple in its sound as S. _ 
As a numeral, Z stands for 2000, and, with a dash over it, Z, 
for 2,000,000. 

Za'BA-ISM. See Sabianism. 

ZAC'CHO, 71. The lowest part of the pedestal of a column. 
ZAF'FER, 71. The residuum of cobalt, after the sulphur, 
arsenic, and other volatile matters have been expelled. 
Za'NY, n. [It. za/im’.] A merry-andrew 5 a buffoon. 
Za'NY, V. t. To mimic. Beaumont. 

ZAP'OTE, n. In Mexico, the generic name of fruits which 
are roundish and contain a hard stone. 

ZaR'NICH, 71 . The name of a genus of fossils. 

ZEA, 71 . The generic name Of maize. 

Zeal, 71. [Gr. ^riKos L. zelus.] Passionate ardor in the 
pursuit of any thing. 

|ZeAL, V. i. To entertain zeal. Bacon. 
t ZeALED, a. Filled with zeal. Fuller. 

ZeAL'LESS, a. Wanting zeal. Hammond. 

* ZEAL'OT, (zePut) n. One who engages warmly in any 
cause, and pursues his object with earnestness and ardor ; 
one whose ardor is intemperate and censurable. 
ZEA-LOTT-CAL, a. Ardently zealous. [Z-. u.] Strype. 
fZEAL'OT-RY, n. Behavior of a zealot. Bp. Taylor. 

* ZEAL'OUS, (zePus) a. Warmly engaged or ardent in the 
pursuit of an object. La?c. 

* ZEAL'OUS-LY, (zePus-ly) adv. With passionate ardor ; 
with eagerness. Oal. iv. 

* ZEAL^OUS-NESS, (zePus-nes) n. The quality of being 
zealous j zeal. 

Ze'BRA, 77. An animal of the genus equus, beautifully 
marked with stripes ; a native of Africa. 

Ze bu, 77. A variety of the common ox, with a hump on 
tim shoulders. 

* ZE'CHIN, 77. A Venetian gold coin j usually written se- 
quin, which see. 

ZED, 77. A name of the letter Z. Shak. 

ZED'O-A-RY, 77. A medicinal root, belonging to a plant 
growing in the East Indies. It is a warm stomachic. 
ZETNE, 77. A substance of a yellowish color, soft, insipid 
and elastic, procured from Indian corn. 

ZE-MIN'D AR, 77. In India, a feudatory or land-holder, who 
governs a district of country. 

ZEMINDARY, 77. The jurisdiction of a zemindar. 

ZEND, 77. A language that formerly prevailed in Persia. 
ZEND'A-VES-TA, n. Among the Persees, a sacred book 
ascribed to Zoroaster, and reverenced as a bible, or sole 
rule of faith and practice. It is often called Zend, by 
contraction. 

* Ze'NITH, 77. [Fr. ; It. zenit ; Sp. zenit, or cenit.] That 
point in the visible celestial hemisphere, which is vertical 
to the spectator, and from which a direct perpendicular 
line, passing through the spectator, and extended, would 
proceed to the centre of the earth. It is opposed to nadir. 
Ze'O-LITE, 77. [Gr. ^€(1), to boil.] A mineral. 
ZE-O-LITTU, a. Pertaining to zeolite. 

ZE-O-LIT'I-FORM, a. Having the form of zeolite. 
ZEPH'YR, 77. [L. zephyrus i Gr. ^e<pvpog.] The west wind j 
and, poetically, any soft, mild, gentle breeze. 

ZER'D A, 77. Ah animal of the canine genus. 

Ze'RO, 77. [It.] Ciplier ; nothing. The point of a ther- 
mometer from which it is graduated 
ZEST, 77. [Pers.] 1. A piece of orange or lemon-peel, used 
to give flavor to liquor ; or the fine thin oil that spurts out 
of it when squeezed ; also, the woody, thick skin quar- 
tering the kernel of a walnut. 2. Relish ; something that 
gives a pleasant taste ; or the taste itself. 

ZEST, «. t. 1. To give a relish or flavor to; to heighten 
taste or relish. 2. To cut the peel of an orange or lemon 
from top to bottom into thin slips ; or to squeeze the peel 
over the surface of any thing. 

Ze'TA, 77. 1. A Greek letter. 2. A little closet or cham- 
ber, with pipes running along the walls, to convey into it 
fresh air, or warm vapor from below. 


ZE-TETTG, a. [Gr. ^Tjrco).] That seeks ; that proceeds by 
inquiry. The zetetic method, in mathematics, is that used 
in investigation. 

ZEuG'MA, 77. [Gr. ^^oypa.\ A figure in grammar, by 
which an adjective or verb which agrees with a nearer 
word, is, by way of supplement, referred to another more 
remote. 

ZIB'ET, n. An animal of the genus viverra. Cyc. 

ZIG-ZAG, a. Having short turns. 

ZIG'ZAG, 77. Something that has short turns or angles. 

ZIG'ZAG, V. t. To form with short turns. 

ZIMENT WA'TER, or UOP'PER WA'TER, is a name 
given to water found in copper mines ; water impregna- 
ted with copper. 

ZIJNPOME, ; 77. [Gr. One of the constituents of glu- 

ZYM'OME, \ ten. Ure. 

ZINC, ) 77. [G., Sw., Dan. zink. The latter orthography, 

ZINK, I zink, is the more correct.] A metal of a brilliant 
white color, with a shade of blue. 

ZIN-KIF'ER-OUS, a. [zink, and L. fero.] Producing 
zink. 

ZINK'Y, a. Pertaining to zink, or having its appearance. 

ZiR'CON, 77. Called also j77r^o77 0/ Ceylon, a mineral origin- 
ally found in Ceylon, in the sands of rivers. 

ZIR-Co'NI-A, 77. A peculiar earth obtained from the gem 
zircon ; a fine, white powder. Cyc. 

ZiR'CO-NITE, 77. A variety of the zircon. 

ZIR-Co'NI-UM, 77. TJie metallic basis of zirconia. 

ZIV^O-LO, 77. A bird resembling the yellow-hammer 

ZIZ'EL, 77. The suslik or earless marmot. Cuvier. 

ZOC'CO, Zo'CLE, or ZOCXCO-LO, n. [It. zoccolo ; from 
L. soccus.] A square body under the base of a pedestal, 
&c., serving for the support of a bust, statue or column. 

Zo'DI-AC, 77. [Fr. zodiaque ; It., Sp. zodiaco ; L. zodiacus.'] 

1. A broad circle in the lieavens, containing the twelve 
signs through which the sun passes in its annual course. 

2. A girdle. 

ZO-Dl'A-CAL, a. Pertaining to the zodiac. — Zodiacal light, 
a luminous track or space in the heavens, resembling that 
of the milky-way. 

ZOIS'lTE, 77. [from Van Zois.'] A mineral. 

ZONE, 77. [L. zona ; Gr. ^wvt/.] 1. A girdle. Dryden. — 2. 

In geography, a division of the earth, with respect to the 
temperature of different latitudes. 3. Circuit; circumfer- 
ence. 

Zoned, a. Wearing a zone. Pope. 

ZoNE'LESS, a. Not having a zone. Cowper. 

ZON'NAR, 77. A belt or girdle, which the Christians and 
Jews in the Levant are obliged to wear, to distinguish 
them from the Mohammedans. 

ZO-OG'RA-PHER, n. One who describes animals, their 
forms and habits. 

ZO-O-GRAPHT-CAL, a. Pertaining to the description of 
animals. 

ZO-OG'RA-PHY, 77. [Gr. ^o)ov and ypa<po).] A descriiJtion 
of animals, their forms and habits. 

Zo'O-LlTE, 77. [Gr. ^mov and Xi^oj.] An animal substance, 
petrified or fossil. Morin. 

ZO-O-LOG'I-CAL, a. Pertaining to zoology. 

ZO-O-LOGff-CAL-LY, adv. According to the principles of 
zoology. Lawrence. 

ZO-OL^O-GIST, 77. One who is well versed in the natural 
history of animals, or who describes animals. 

ZO-OL'O-GY, 77. [Gr. and Aoyo?.] A treatise on ani- 
mals, or the science of animals ; tliat branch of natural 
history which respects the forms, classification, history 
and habits of animals. 

ZO-ONTC, a. [Gr. <^wov.] Pertaining to animals. 

ZO-ON'O-MY, 77. [Gr. ^ioov and vopog.] The laws of ani- 
mal life, or the science which treats of the phenomena of 
animal life, their causes and relations. 

Zo'O-PHiTE. See Zoophyte. 

ZO-OPfPO-RIC, a. [Gr. ^wov and (^opco).] The zoophoric 
column is one which supports the figure of an animal. 

ZO-OPIPO-RUS, 77. In ancient architecture, the same with 
the frieze in modern architecture ; a part between the ar- 


♦ See Synopsis. MOVE, BOQK, DoVE BIJLL, UNITE.— C as K ; 0 as J ; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this, f Obsolete. 


ZYG 


ZUM 940 


chitrave and cornice j so called from the figures of animals 
carved upon it. 

Zo'O-PH^^TE, n. [Gr. and 0orov.] In natural history, 
a body supposed to partake of the nature both of an ani- 
mal and a vegecable, such as madrepores. 

Zo-0-PHY-T0-LO6'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to zoophytology. 

Zo-O-PHY-TOL'O-GY, n. [zoophijte, and Gr. Xoyoj.] The 
natural history of zoophytes. Ed. Encyc. 

ZO-OT'O-MIST, 71. One who dissects the bodies of brute 
animals j a comparative anatomist. 

ZO-OT'O-MY, 71. [Gr. ^(oov and rcjuvw.] Anatomy; partic- 
ularly, the dissecting of bodies of beasts or brute animals ; 
comparative anatomy. 

ZOR'IL, 71. A fetid animal of the weasel kind. 

ZUF'FO-LO, 71. [It. lufolo.] A little flute or flageolet, 
especially that which is used to teach birds. 

Zu'MATE, 71. A combination of the zumic acid and a sali- 
fiable base. Ure. 


Zu'MIG, a. [Gr. ferment.] The tumic acid is procur 
ed from many acescent vegetable substances. Ure. 

ZU-MO-LOG'I-€AL, a. Pertaining to zumology. 

ZU-MOL'O-GIST, 71. One who is skilled in the fermentation 
of liquors. 

ZLT-MOL'O-GY, n. [Gr. and Xoyoj.] A treatise on the 
fermentation of liquors, or the doctrine of fermentation. 

ZU-MO-SIM'E-TER, n. [Gr. ^vptvaig and peTpco).] An in- 
strument proposed by Swammerdam for ascertaining the 
degree of fermentation occasioned by the mixture of dif- 
ferent liquids, and the degree of heat which they acquire 
in fermentation. 

ZUR'LITE, 71. A Vesuvian mineral. 

ZYG-0-DA€'TY-LOUS, a. [Gr. ^eyoco and ^axrvXos.] 
Having the toes disposed in pairs. 

ZYG-0-MAT'I€, a. [Gr. ^evypa.] Pertaining to a bone of 
the bead, called also os jugale, or cheek-bone, or to the 
bony arch under which the temporal muscle passes. 


* See Synopsis, 5, E, T, o, tJ, Y, long. — FAR, FALL, WHAT ; — PREY ; — PIN, MARINE, BIRD ; — j Obsolete. 
MOVE, BOOK, DOVE BIJLL, UNITE.— € ask j 0 as J~; S as Z ; CH as SH ; TH as in this. 


A KEY 


TO THE 

CLASSICAL PRONUNCIATION 

% 

OF 

GREEK, LATIN, AND SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES ; 

IN WHICH 

THE WORDS ARE ACCENTED AND DIVIDED INTO SYLLABLES EXACTLY AS THEY OUGHT 
TO BE PRONOUNCED, ACCORDING TO RULES DRAWN FROM 
ANALOGY AND THE BEST USAGE. 

TO WHICH ARE ADDED, 

TERMINATIONAL VOCABULARIES 

OP 

HEBREW, GREEK, AND LATIN PROPER NAMES 


IN WHICH 


THE WORDS ARE ARRANGED ACCORDING TO THEIR FINAL SYLLABLES, AND CLASSED ACCORDING 
TO THEIR ACCENTS j BY WHICH THE GENERAL ANALOGY OP PRONUNCIATION 
MAY BE SEEN AT ONE VIEW, AND THE ACCENTUATION OF 
EACH WORD MORE EASILY REMEMBERED. 


BY JOHN WALKER, 

AUTHOR OF THE CRITICAL PRONOUNCING DICTIONARY, &c. 


NEW YORK: 

PUBLISHED BY S. CONVERSE. 


STEREOTYPED AT THE BOSTON TYPE AND STEREOTYPE FOUNDRY. 


1829 


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PREFACE. 


t 

THE Critical Pronouncing Dictionary of the English Lan- 
guage naturally suggested an idea of the present work. Proper 
names from the Greek and Latin form so considerable a part 
of every cultivated living language, that a Dictionary seems 
to be imperfect without them. Polite scholars, indeed, are 
seldom at a loss for the pronunciation of words they so fre- 
quently meet with in the learned languages ; but there are 
great numbers of respectable English scholars, who, having 
only a tincture of classical learning, are much at a loss for a 
knowledge of this part of it. It is not only the learned profes- 
sions that require this knowledge, but almost every one above 
the merely mechanical. The professors of painting, statuary, 
and music, and those who admire their works ; readers of 
history, politics, poetry ; all who converse on subjects ever 
so little above the “vulgar, have so frequent occasion to pro- 
nounce these proper names, that whatever tends to render this 
pronunciation easy must necessarily be acceptable to the 
public. 

The proper names in Scripture have still a higher claitn to 
our attention. That every thing contained in that precious 


repository of divine truth should be rendered as easy as possi 
ble to the reader, cannot be doubted : and the very frequent 
occasions of pronouncing Scripture proper names, in a country 
where reading the Scripture makes part of the religious wor- 
ship, seem to demand some work on this subject more perfect 
than any we have hitherto seen. 

I could have wished it had been undertaken by a person of 
more learning and leisure than myself ; but we often wait in 
vain for works of this kind, from those learned bodies which 
ought to produce them, and at last are obliged, for the best 
we can get, to the labours of some necessitous individual. 
Being long engaged in the instruction of youth, I felt the want 
of a work of tiiis kind, and have suppl.ed it in the best manner 
I am able. If I have been heppy enough to be useful, or only 
SO' far us'eful as to induce some abler hand to undertake the 
subject, I shall think my labor amply rewarded. I shall 
still console myself with reflecting, that he who has produced 
a prior work, however inferior to those that succeed it, is 
under a very diflerent predicament from him who produces an 
after-work, inferior to those that have gone before. 


I . 


ADVERTISEMENT 

TO THE SECOND EDITION. 


THE favorable reception of the first edition of this work 
has induced me to attempt to make it still more worthy of 
the acceptance of the public, by the addition of several critical 
observations, and particularly by two Terminational Vocab- 
ularies, of Greek and Latin, and Scripture Proper Names. 
That so much labor should be bestowed upon an inverted 
arrangement of these words, when they had already been 
given in their common alphabetical order, may be matter of 
wonder to many persons, who will naturally inquire into the 
utility of such an arrangement. To these it may be answered, 
that the words of all languages seem more related to each 
other by their terminations than by their beginnings j that the 


Greek and Latin languages seem more particularly to be thus 
related ; and classing them according to their endings seemed 
to exhibit a new view of these languages, both curious and 
useful : for, as their accent and quantity depend so much on 
their termination, such an arrangem(*it e.ppeared to give an 
easier and more cemprehensive idea of their pronunciation 
than the common classification by their initial syllable*. 
This end was so desirable as to induce me to spare no pains, 
however dry and disgusting, t.o promote it j and, if the methoa 
I have taken has failed, my labor will not be entirely lost, 
if it convince future prosodists that it is not unworthy of their 
attention. 


/ 


CONTENTS OF THE INTRODUCTION 


THE pronunciation of Greek and Latin not so difficult 

as that of our own language, Page 

The ancient pronunciation of Greek and Latin a subject 
of great controversy among the learned, .... 
The English, however faulty in their pronunciation of 
Greek and Latin, pronounce them, like other European 
nations,according to the analogy of their own language. 
Sufficient vestiges remain to prove that the foreign pro- 
nunciation of the Greek and Latin letters is nearer to 

the ancient tlxan the English — (Note) 

The English pronunciation of Greek and Latin injuri- 
ous to quantity, 


No sufficient reason for altering the present pronuncia- 
tion on these accounts, Page 946 

Rule for accenting Latin words, ... . . 046 

Rule for accenting Greek proper names, 946 

Probable conjecture why the terminations tia and tio in 
Greek appellatives have not the same sor.nd as in 

Latin — (Note) 946 

Importance of settling the English quantity with 
which we pronounce Greek and Latin proper 
names, and particularly that of the unaccented 
syllables, 947 


945 

945 

945 

945 

945 


INTRODUCTION 



The pronunciation of the learned languages is much more 
easily acquired than that of our own. Wliatevcr might have 
been the variety of the different dialects among the Greeks, 
and the different provinces of the Romans, their languages, 
now being dead, are generally pronounced according to tl)e 
respective analogies of tlie several languages of Europe, where 
those languages are cultivated, without j)artaking of those 
anomalies to which the living languages are liable. 

Whether one general, uniform pronunciation of the ancient 
languages bo an object of sufficient importance to induce the 
learned to depart from the analogy of their own language, 
and to study the ancient Latin and Greek pronunciation, as 
tliey do the etymology, syntax and prosody of those lan- 
guages, is a question not very easy to be decided. Tlie ques- 
tion becomes still more difficult when we consider tJie uncer- 
tainty we are in respecting the ancient pronunciation of the 
Greeks and Romans, and how much the learned are divided 
among themselves about it.* Till these points are settled, 
the English may well l>e allowed to follow their own pronun- 
ciation of Greek and Latin, as well as other nations, even 
though it should be confessed that it seems to depart more 
from what we can gatlier of the ancient pronunciation, than 
either the Italian, French or German. | For why the English 
should pay a compliment to the learned languages, which is 
not done by any other nation in Europe, it is not easy to con- 
ceive ; and as the colloquial communication of learned indi- 
viduals of different nations so seldom happens, and is an ob- 
ject of so small importance when it does happen, it is not 
much to be regrette-l that when they meet they are scarce- 
ly intelligible to each other. | 


But the English are accused not only of departing from the 
genuine sound of the Greek and Latin vowels, but of vio- 
lating the quantity of these languages more than the people 
of any other nation in Europe. The author of the Essay 
upon the Harmony of Language gives us a detail of the par- 
ticulars by whicli this accusation is proved : and this is so 
true a picture of the English pronunciation of Latin, tluit I 
shall (luote it at length, as it may be of use to those wlio 
are obliged to learn this language without the aid of a 
teacher. 

“ Tiio falsification of the harmony by English scholars in 
their pronunciation of Latin, with regard to essential points, 
arises from two causes only : first, from a total inattention to 
the length of vowel sounds, making thorn long or short merely 
as chance directs ; and, secondly, from sounding double con- 
sonants as only one lettei:. d’ho remedy of this last fault is 
obvious. With regard to the first, we have already observed, 
tliat ea.ch of our vowels hatli its general long sound and its 
general short sound totally different. Tlius the short sound 
of c lengthened is expressed by the letter <z, and the short 
sound of i lengthened is expressed by the letter c: and willi 
all these anomalies usual in the application of vow'el charac- 
ters to tile v'owel sounds of our own language, we jirocced 
to the application of vowel sounds to the vowel cliarac'.evs 
of the Latin. Thus, in tlie first syllable of sidiis and noinen, 
w'hicb onglit to be long, and of and ontw, wliicli ought 

to he short, we equally use tlie common long sound of the 
vowels ; but in the obliijuo cases, sUlcria, nominiSj muicri, ouc- 
ri*-, &c., we use (piite another sound, and that a sliort one. 
These strange anomalies arc not in common to us with our 


* Middleton contends that the initial c before e and i ought 
to bo pronounced as the Italians now pronounce it ; and that 
Cicero is neitlier St.scro, as tlie French and English pronounce 
it •, nor Kikero, as Hr. Bentley asserts ; but 'I’chitchero, ns the 
Italians pronounce it at this day. This pronunciation, how- 
ever, is derided by Lipsius, who affirms tliat tlie c among the 
Romans had always the sound of k. Lipsius says, too, that, of 
all the European” nations, the British alone pronounce tlie i 
properly *, but Middleton asserts, that of all nations tliey pro- 
nounce it the worst. Middleton De Lat. Liter. Proniui. Dissert. 

Lipsius, speaking of tiie different pronunciation of the letter 
G in different countries, says. 

Nos iiodie (do litora G loquente) quam peccamus ? Italo- 
rum onim pleriquo ut Z oxiirimunt, Galli et Belgse ut .7 con- 
sonantem. ftaque illorum est Lezere, Fuzere ; nostrum, Leiere, 
Fuiere, {Lcjerc, Fujere). Omnia imperite, inepte. Gormanos 
saltern audite, quorum sonus hie germanus, Legerc^ Tegere ; 
ut in Leiroj Fego, nec unquani variant : at nos ante /, id, 

F, semper dicimusque Jeintiiam^ jeetuhs, .Unjivaoi, Jyrum ; 
pro islis, Geiitinain, GatiUo--, Gingivam^ Gip-uirt. Mutemus 
aut vapiilomus. — Lipshis. De Rect. Froti. Idiig. Lat. page 71. 

Hinc factum est ut tanta in pronunciando varietas extiteret 
ut pauci inter se in literarum sonis consentiant. Quod qui- 
dem mi ram non esset, si indocti tantum i doctis in eo, ac non 
ipsi etiani alloqui eruditi inter se magna content ione disside- 
rent. — ddolp. Meker. De Lin. Grccc. vet. Pronun. cap. ii. 
page 15. 

I Monsieur Lanncelot, the learned author of the Port- Royal 
Greek Grammar, in order to convey the sound of the long 
Greek vou’el /?, tells us, it is a sound between the e and the a, 
and that Eustathius, wdio lived towards the close of the 
twelfth century, says, that is a sound made in imi- 

tation of the bleating of a sheep *, and quotes to tliis purpose 
this verse of an aiiciciit writer called Cratiuus : 

^ O o’ )]KiQiog ripo/jurov, \iyo)v (SaSi^ei. 

Is fatuus poriado ac ovis, he, be, dicens, incedit. 

He, like a silly sheep, goes crying baa. 

Caninins has remarked the same, Helle.n. p. 2 G. E longiim, 
cujus sonus in ovium halatu sentitur, ut Cratiuus et Varrotra- 
diilerunt. Tlie sound of tlie e longmay bo porceivocl in the bleat- 
in'^ of sheep, as Cratinns and Varro have handed down to us. 

Ilustatliius likewise remarks upon the 499 v. of Iliad I. that 
the word BXdip hriv b }j)(oq fU[xt]TiKC}g Kara 

rug naXa'isg ; (3n pt/xrjaiv npoparvu (ptovfjg. Kpdru^og- 

BXdi^' est Clepsydraj sonus, ex imitalione secundum veteres ; 
et /irj iniitatur vocem ovium. Etops, according to the an- 
cients, is a sound in imitation of the Clepsydra, as baa is ex- 
pressive of the voice of sheep. It were to be wislied that 


the sound of every Greek vowel liad been conveyed to us by 
as faithllil a testimony as the yra ; we sliould certainly have 
had a bettor idea of that harmony for which tlie Greek lan- 
guage was so famous, and in which respect Quintilian can- 
didly yields it the preference to tlie Latin. 

Aristophanes has handed down to us the pronunciation of 
tlie Greek diphthong av liy making it expressive cf tho 
harking of a dog. This pronunciation is exactly like that 
presevv'ed by nurses and children among us to tliis day in 
boto wow. This is tho sound of the same letters in tlie Latin 
tongue ; not only in proper names derived from Greek, but in 
every other word where this diphthong occurs. Most nations 
in Europe, perhaps all hut the English, pronounce audio and 
Zaurfo, as if written owdio and lowdo ; the diphthong sound- 
ing like ou ill loud. Agreeably to this rule, it is presumed 
that wo formerly pronounced the apostle Pgi'Z nearer tlie origi- 
nal than at present. In Henry the Eighth’s tinio it was writ- 
ten St. Pcule’Sy and sermons were preached at Pauleys Cross. 
The vulgar, generally the last to alter, either for tho bettor 
or worse, still have a jingling proverb with this pronuncia- 
tion, when they say, Jis old as Poules. 

Tiie sound of tlio letter w is no less sincerely prcscrv'cd in 
Plautus, in Menrech. page 022, edit. Lambin, in making uso 
of it to imitate the cry of an owl — 

“ MEN. Egon’ deui.? PEN. Tu, Tu, istic, inquam, via’ affier- 
ri nocluam, 

Qu®tu, tu, usque dicat libi ? nam nos jam nos defessi su- 


mus. 




“It appears here,” says IMr. Forster, in his defence of the 
Greek accents, page lQ9,*“tiiat an owl’s cry was tw, ta, to a 
Roman ear, as it is too, too, to an English.” Lanibin, who 
was a Frenchman, observes on the passage, “ Alludit ad noc- 
tiuD vocem seu cantum, tu, tu, sen tou, tou.^’ He liere allude-s 
to tiie voice or noise of an owl. It may be farther observ'ed, 
that tho English have totally departed from this sound of the 
u in tlieir own language, as well as in tiieir pronunciation of 
Latin. 

I Erasmus se adfuissc olim commemorat curn die quodam 
solenni complures principurn legati ad Maximiliannm Inipera- 
torem salutandi caus.i advenissent 5 ^ingulosque Galium, Ger- 
manum, Danum, Scotum, See. orationern Latinam, ita bar* 
hare ac vaste pronuncilsse, ut Italis quibusdam, nihil nisi 
risum nioverint, qui eus non Latine sed su'a qnomque lingua, 
locutos jurissent. — Middleton , De Lat. Lit. Pronun. 

The love of the marvellous prevails over truth: and I ques- 
tion if the greatest iliversity in the pronunciation of Latin ex- 
ceeds that of English at the capital and in some of tho coun- 
ties of Scotland, and yet the inhabitants of both have no great 
difficulty ia understanding each other. 


INTRODUCTION. 


94^J 

southern neighbours, the French, Spaniards and Italians. 
They pronounce sidiis, according to our orthography, seedus, 
and in the oblique cases preserve the same long sound of the i : 
nomen they pronounce as wo do, and preserve in the oblique 
cases the same long sound of the o. The Italians also, in their 
own language, pronounce doubled consonants as distinctly as 
the two most discordant mutes of their alphabet. Whatever, 
therefore, they may want of expressing the true harmony of 
the Latin language, they certainly avoid the most glaring and 
absurd faults in our manner of pronouncing it. 

“ It is a matter of curiosity to observe with what regularity 
we use these solecisms in the pronunciation of Latin. When 
the penultimate is accented, its vowel, if followed but by a 
single consonant, is always long, as in Dr. Forster’s examples. 
When the antepenultimate is accented, its vowel is, without 
any regard to the requisite quantity, pronounced short, as in 
viirdbUe^frigidus', except the vowel of the penultimate be fol- 
lowed by a vowel, and then the vowel of the antepenultimate 
is with as little regard to true quantity pronounced long, as in 
niaiieo, redeat^ odium, imperiiim. (Quantity is, however, vitiated 
to make i short even in this case, as in ohlivio, vinea, virium. 
'i'he only difference we make in pronunciation between vinea 
and venia is, that to the vowel of the first syllable of the former, 
which ought to be long, we give a short sound ; to that of the 
latter, \vhich ought to be short, we give the same sound, but 
lengthened. U accented is always, before a single consonant, 
pronounced long, as in humerus, fugiens. Before two conso- 
nants no vowel sound is ever made long, except that of the 
diphthong ; so that, whenever a doubled consonant occurs, 
tlie preceding syllable is short.* Unaccented vowels we treat 
with no more ceremony in Latin than in our own language.” 
Essay upon the Harmony of Lang^iage, page 224. Printed for 
Robson, 1774. 

This, it must be owned, is a very just state of the case ; but 
though the Latin quantity is thus violated, it is not, as this 
writer observes in the first part of the quotation, merely as 
chance directs, but, as he afterwards observes, regularly, and, 
he might liave added, according to the analogy ol English pro- 
nunciation, which, it may be observed, has a genius of its 
own 5 and wdiich, if not so well adapted to the pronunciation 
of Greek and Latin as some other modern languages, has as 
fixed and settled rules for pronouncing them as any other. 

The learned and ingenious author next proceeds to show the 
advantages of pronouncing our vow'els so as to express the 
Latin quantity. “ We have reason to suppose,” says he, 
“ that our usual accentuation of Latin, however it may w’ant 
of many elegancies in the pronunciation of the Augustan age, 
is yet sufficiently just to give with tolerable accuracy that 
part of the general harmony of the language of which accent is 
the efficient. We have also pretty full information from the 
poets w’hat syllables ought to have a long, and what a short 
quantity. To preserve, then, in our pronunciation, the true 
harmony of the language, we have only to take care to give 
the vowels a long sound or a short sound, as the quantity may 
require; and, when doubled consonants occur, to pronounce 
each distinctly.” Ibid, page 228. f 

In answer to this plea for alteration, it may be observed, 
that if this mode of pronouncing Latin be that of foreign na- 
tions, and were really so superior to our own, w’e certainly 


* This corruption of the true quantity is not, however, pecu- 
liar to tlie English ; for Beza complains in his country : liinc 
enim fit ut in Graeca oratione vel nullum, vel prorsus corrup- 
tum numerum intelligas, dum multae breves producuntur, et 
contra plurimaj longoe corripiuntur. Beza de Germ. Pron. 
GraBCOB Linguae, p. 50. 

I By what this learned author has observed of our vicious 
pronunciation of the vowels, by the long and short sound of 
tliem, and from the instances he has given, he must mean that 
length and shortness which arises from extending and contract- 
ing them, independently of the obstruction which tw’o conso- 
nants are supposed to occasion in forming the long quantity. 
Thus w'C are to pronounce manus as if written and divided 
into man-nus ; and pannus as if written pay-nus, or as we 
always hear the word panis (bread) ; for in this sound of pan- 
nus there seems to be no necessity for pronouncing the two 
consonants distinctly or separately, which he seems to mean 
by distinctly, because the quantity is shown by the long sound 
of the vowel : but if by distinctly he means separately, that is, 
as if what is called in French the scheva or mute e were to fol- 
low the first consonant, this could not be done without adding 
a syllable to the word ; and the word pannus would in that 
case certainly have three syllables, as if written pan-eh-nus. 

J That is, in the general pronunciation of Greek ; for, let 
the written accent be placed where it will, the quantitative 
accent, as it may be .called, follows the analogy of the Latin. 

^ “ The Greek language,” says the learned critic, “was 
happy in not keing understood by the Goths, who would as 
certainly h'.ve cor»'upted the t in alria, oiriov, &c. into 
aiaia, focr'ov, &c. as they did the Latin “ motio and doceo 
into mo nio and dosheo.'^^* This, however, may be questioned; 
for if in liatin words this impure sound of t take place only in 


must perceive it in the pronunciation of foreigners, when we 
visit them, or they us : but I think I, may appeal to the expe- 
rience of every one who has had an di)portunity of making tho 
experiment, that, so far from the superiority being on the sido 
of the foreign pronunciation, it seems much inferior to our 
own. I am aware of the power of habit, and of its being able, 
on many occasions, to make the worse appear the better reason / 
but if the harmony of the Latin language depended so much 
on a preservation of the quantity as many pretend, this har- 
mony w'ould surely overcome the bias we have to our own 
pronunciation ; especially if our own were really so destructivo 
of harmony as it is said to be. Till, therefore, we have a 
more accurate idea of the nature of quantity, and of that beauty 
and harmony of which it is said to be the efficient in the pro- 
nunciation of Latin, we ought to preserve a pronunciation 
which has naturally sprung up in our own soil, and is congenial 
to our native language. Besides, an alteration of this kind 
would be attended with so much dispute and uncertainty as 
must make it highly impolitic to attempt it. 

The analogy, then, of our own language being the rule for 
pronouncing the learned languages, we shall have little occa- 
sion for any other directions for the pronunciation of the Greek 
and Latin proper names, than such as are given for the pro- 
nunciation of English words. The general rules are followed 
almost witliout exception. The first and most obvious powers 
of the letters are adopted, and there is scarcely any difficulty 
but in the position of the accent ; and this depends so much on 
the quantity of the vowels, that we need only inspect a dic- 
tionary to find the quantity of the penultimate vowel, and this 
determines the accent of all the Latin words ; and, it may bo 
added, of almost all Greek words likewise. J Now, in our pro- 
nunciation of Latin words, whatever be tire quantity of the 
first syllable in a word of two syllables, we always place the 
accent on it : but in words of more syllables, if the penulti- 
mate be long, we place the accent on that ; and if short w’o 
accent the antepenultimate. 

The Rules of the Latin Accentuation are comprised in a 
clear and concise manner by Sanctius within four hexameters : 

Accentum in se ipsS. monosyllaba dictio ponit. 

Exacuit sedem dissyllabon omne priorem. 

Ex tribus, extollit primain penultima curta: 

Extollit seipsam quando est penultima longa. 

These rules I have endeavored to express in English verse : 

Each monosyllable has stress of course ; 

Words of two syllables the first enforce : 

A syllable that’s long, and last but one. 

Must have the accent upon that or none ; 

But if this syllable be short, the stress 
Must on the last but two its force express. 

The only difference that seems to obtain between the pro- 
nunciation of the Greek and Latin languages, is that, in tho 
Latin, ti and si, preceded by an accent, and followed by another 
vowel forming an improper diphthong, are pronounced as in 
English, like sh or ih, as natio, nation ; persuasio, persuasion, 
&c.; and that, in the Greek, the same letters retain their puro 
sound, as (piXavTia, dyvwc'iaf npo^ariov, k. t. X.$ This dif- 


those words where the accent is on the preceding vowel, as in 
natio, f ado, &.C.; but not when the accent follows the t, and is 
on the following vow'el, as in satietas,societas, &c., w'hy should 
w^e suppose any other mode of pronunciation would have been 
adopted by the Goths in their pronouncing the Greek ? Now 
no rule of pronunciation is more uniform in the Greek lan- 
guage than that w'hich places an acute on the iota at the end 
of words, w’hen this letter is succeeded by a long vowel ; and, 
consequently, if the accent be preserved upon the proper letter, 
it is impossible the preceding t and s should go into the sound 
of sh ; why, therefore, may we not suppose that the very fre- 
quent accentuation of the penultimate i before a final vowel 
preserved the preceding r from going into the sound of sh, as 
it was a difference of accentuation that occasioned this im- 
pure sound of t in the Latin language.^ for though i at the end 
of words, w'hen followed by a long vowel, or a vow’el once 
long and afterwards contracted, had always the accent on it 
in Greek, in Latin the accent was always on the preceding 
syllable in words of this termination ; and hence seems to have 
arisen tho corruption of t in the Gothic pronunciation of tho 
Latin language. 

It is higlily probable, that in Lucian’s time the Greek r, 
when followed by i and another vowel, had not assumed tho 
sound of <7 ,* for the Sigma w’ould not have failed to accuse him, 
of a usurpation of her powers, as he had done of her character ; 
and if we have preserved the r pure in this situation when wo 
pronounce Greek, it is, perhaps, rather to be placed to tho 
preserving power of the accented i in so great a number of 
words, than any adherence to the ancient rules of pronuncia- 
tion ; which invariably affirm that the consonants had but 
one sound ; unless we except the y before y, k, | ,* as ayyt- 
Xos, dyKvpa, dy^ioTa, k. t. X. where the y is sounded like v : 
but this, says Henry Stephens, is an error of the copyists, who 
have a little extended the bottom of the i>, and made a y of it; 
for, says he, it is ridiculous to suppose that v wcs changed 
into y, and at the same timo that y should be pronoxmced like v. 


* Ainswor'V' on the letter T, 


INTRODUCTION. 


947 


ference, however, with very few exceptions, does not extend 
to proper names j which, coming to us through, and being 
mingled with, the Latin, fall into the general rule. In the 
same manner, though in Greek it was an established maxim, 
that if the last syllable was long, the accent could scarcely be 
higher than the penultimate ; yet in our pronunciation of 
Greek, and particularly of proper names, the Latin analogy 
of the accent is adopted : and though the last syllable is long 
in Deinosthenesj Aristophanes^ Theramenes, and Deiphobe, 
yet, as the penultimate is short, the accent is placed on the an- 
tepenultimate, exactly as if they were Latin. ^ 

As these languages have been long dead, they admit of no 
new varieties of accent like the living languages. The com- 
mon accentuation of Greek and Latin may bo seen in Lexicons 
and Graduses ; and where the ancients indulged a variety, and 
the moderns are divided in their opinions about the most clas- 
sical accentuation of words, it would be highly improper, in a 
work intended for general use, to enter into the thorny disputes 
of the learned 5 and it may truly be said, in the rhyming adage. 


On the contrary, Scaliger says, that where we find a v be- 
fore these letters, as avKvpa, it is an error of the copyists, who 
imagined they better expressed the pronunciation by this let- 
ter, which, as Vossius observes, should seem to demand some- 
thing particular and uncommon. 

It is reported of Scaliger, that when he was accosted by a 
Scotchman in Latin, ho begged his pardon for not understand- 
ing him, as he had never learned the Scotch language. If 
this were the case with the pronunciation of a Scotchman, 
which is so near that of the continent, what would he have 
said to the Latin pronunciation of an Englishman ^ I take it, 
however, that this diversity is greatly exaggerated. 

* This, however, was contrary to the general practice of 


When doctors disagree, 

Disciples then are free. 

This, however, has not been entirely neglected. Where 
there has been any considerable diversity of accentuation 
among our prosodists, I have consulted the best authorities, 
and have sometimes ventured to decide : though, as Labbe 
says, “ Sed his de rebus, ut aliis multis, malo doctiorum judi- 
cium expectare, quam meam in medium proferre senteniiam.” 
But the most important object of the present work is settling 
the English quantity^ (see Itules 20, 21, 22,) with which we 
pronounce Greek and Latin proper names, and the sounds of 
some of the consonants. These are points in a state of great 
uncertainty, and are to be settled, not so much by a deep 
knowledge of the dead languages, as by a thorough acquaint- 
ance with the analogies and general usage of our own tongue. 
These must, in the nature of things, enter largely into the 
pronunciation of a dead language ; and it is from an attention 
to these that the author hopes he has given to the public a 
work not entirel)Tunworthy of their acceptance. 


the Romans ; for Victorious in his Grammar says, Orceca 
nornina^ si iisdem Uteris proferuntur^ (Latine versa j Ormcos 
accentus habebunt: nam cumdicimus Thyas^ J\Tais^ acutum 
habebit posterior accentum *, et cum 7'hemistio, Cahjpsc^ 
Theano^ ultimam circumflecti videbimus, quod utrumque La- 
tinos sermo non patitur, nisi admodum raro. “ If Greek nouns 
turned into Latin are pronounced with the same letters, they 
have the Greek accent; for when we say, Thyas^ JSTais, the 
latter syllable has the acute accent j and when we pronounce 
Themistio, Calypso^ Theano, we see the last syllable is cir- 
cumflexed *, neither of which is ever seen in Latin words, or 
very rarely.” — Servivs. Forstei'. Reply ^ page 31. Notes 32, 
butt. 


RULES 


FOR PRONOUNCING THE VOWELS OP 






i.j- 


t . '.i*b 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


1. EVERY vowel with the accent on it at the end of a 
syllable is pronounced, as in English, with its first long open 
sound : tlius Ca to,* Philome'la^ Ori'on, Fho'cion, Lu'cifer, 
&c., have tiie accented vowels sounded exactly as in the English 
words pa'per, me'tre, spider^ no'ble^ tu'tor, &c. 

2. Every accented vowel not ending a syllable, but followed 
by a consonant, has the short sound as in English : tlius 
Man'lius, Pen'tlieus, Pin'darus, Col'ckiSj Cur'tius, &c., have 
the short sound of the accented vowels, as in man'ner,pleii’ty, 
prin'tery col'lary cuPfeWy See. 

3. Every final i, though unaccented, has the long open 
sound : thus the final i forming the genitive case, as in ma- 
gis'triy or the plural number, as in JJe'ciiy has the '-mg open 
sound, as in vi'al ; and this sound we give to this vowel in this 
situation, because the Latin i final in genitives, plurals, and 
preterperfect tenses of verbs, is always long ; and consequent- 
ly, where the accented i is followed by i Jinal, both are pro- 
nounced with the long diphthongal i, like the noun eye, as 
.dchi'oi.f 

4. Every unaccented trending a syllable not final, as that in 
the second of Alcihiades, the Hcrnici, Sec., is pronounced like 
c, as if written Alcebiades, the Herneci, Sec. So the last syl- 
lable but one of the Fabii, the Horat'd, the Curiatii, Sec., is 
pronounced as if written Fa-be-i, Ho-ra-she-i, Ca-re-a-afie-i ; 
and therefore, if the unaccented i and the diphthong con- 
clude a word, they are both pronounced like e, as Harpijia;, 
Har-py'e-e. 

5. The diphthongs <2 and ce, ending a syllable with the accent 
on it, are jironounced exactly like the long English c, as Cijesar, 
(Eta, Sec., as if written Cee'sar, E'ta,Sec. ; and like the short 
e, when followed by a consonant in the same syllable, as 
Dcedalus, (Edipiis, &c., pronounced as if written Deddalus, 
Eddipui, Sec. Tlie vowels ei are generally pronounced like 
long — For the vowels eu in final syllables, see the word 
Idomeneus *, and for the on in the same syllables, see the word 
Anti NOUS, and similar words, in the Terminational Vocabu- 
lary. 

6. Y is exactly under the same predicament as i. It is long 
when ending an accented syllable, as Cy'rus ; or when ending 
an unaccented syllable, if final, as ^'gy, .E py. Sec . ; short 
when joined to a consonant, in the same syllable, as Lye'idas ; 
and sometimes long and sometimes short, when ending an 
initial syllable not under the accent, as Ly-cur' gns, pronounc- 
ed with the first syllable like lie, a falsehood ; and Lysimachus, 
with the first syllable like the first of legion ; or nearly as if 
divideil into Lys-im'a-chus, See. 

7. Al, ending an unaccented syllable, has the same obscure 
Bound as in the same situation in English words ; but it is a 
sound bordering on the Italian a, or the a in fa-tker, as Dia‘- 
na, where the difierence between the accented and unaccented 
a is palpable. 

8. E final, either with or without the preceding consonant, 
always forms a distinct syllable, as Penelope, Hippocrene, 
Evoe, Ampkitrite, Sec. When any Greek or Latin word is 
Anglicised into this termination, by cutting oft' a syllable of 
the original, it becomes then an English word, and is pro- 


* The pronunciation of Cato, Plato, Cleopatra, Sec. has been 
but lately adopted. Quin, and all the old dramatic school, used 
to pronounce the a in these and similar words like the a in fa- 
ther. Mr. Garrick, with great good sense, as well as good taste, 
brought in the present pronunciation, anrl the propriety of it 
has made it now universal. 

t This is the true analogical pronunciation of this letter, 
when ending an accented syllable ; but a most disgraceful 
affectation of foreign pronunciation has exchanged this full 
diphi ho:igal sound for the meagre, squeezed sound of the French 
and Italian i, not only in almost every word derived from those 
languages, but in many which are purely Latin, as Faustina, 
Jtlessalinu, Sec. Nay, words from the Saxon have been equal- 
ly perverted, and we hear the i in Elfrida, Edtmna, Sec. turn- 
ed into Eifrceda, Edn^cena, Sec. It is true this is the sound the 
Romans gave totneiri; but the speakers here alluded to are 
perfectly innocent of this, and do not pronounce it in this man- 
ner for its anti([uity, but its novelty. 

J Sec Elegeia, IIygeia, Sec. in the Terminational Vocabu- 
lary of Greek and Latin Proper Names. 


nounced according to our own analogy : thus, Acidalius, 
altered to Acidale, has the final e sunk, and is a word of three 
syllables only : Proserpine, from Proserpina, undergoes the 
same alteration. Thebes and Athens, derived from the Greek 
Cniiy and KOyvy, and the Latin Thebu nwlAthenm, are per- 
fectly Anglicised j the former into a monosyllable, and the 
latter into a dissyllable : and the Greek V^gyry and the Latin 
Creta have both sunk into the English monosyllable Crete : 
Hecate, likewise, pronounced in three syllables when Latin, 
and in the same number in the Greek word KKury, in Eng- 
lish is universally contracted into two, by sinking the 
final e. Shakspeare seems to hav'e begun, as he has now 
confirmed this pronunciation, by so adapting the word in 
Macbeth : 

“ Why, how now, Ilecat’ ? you look angerly.” — Act IV. 
Perhaps this was no more than a poetical license in him ; but 
the actors liave adopted it in the songs in this tragedy ; 

“//e-cate, Ile-cate, come away” 

And the play-going world, who form no small portion of 
what is called the better sort of jieople, have followed the 
actors in this word, and the rest of the world have followed 
them. 

The Roman magistrate, named eedilis, is Anglicised by 
pronouncing it in two syllables, cc'dile. The capital of 
Sicily, Syracusa:, of four syllables, is made three in the English 
Syr'acuse ; and the city of Tyras, of two syllables, is reduced 
to a monosyllable in the English Tyre. 

Rules for pronouncing the Consonants of Greek and 
Latin Proper Names. 

9. C and g are hard before a, o, and u, as Cato, Comus, 

Cures, Galba, Gorgon, Sec. ; and soft before e, i, and y, as 
Cebes, Scipio, Scylla, Cinna, Geryon, Geta, Gillus, Gyares, 
Gymnosophistce, &c.$ > » 

10. T, s, and c, before ia, ie.ii, io, iu, and eu, preceded by the 
accent, in Latin words, as in English, change into sh and zh, 
as Tatian, Statius, Portias, Portia, Sodas, Caducous, Accius, 
Helvetii, Jloisia, Hesiod, Sec., pronounced Tushean, Stasheus, 
Poi'sheus, Porshca, Sosheas, Cadusheus, Aksheus, Helveshei, 
Mezhea, Hezheod, Sec. But when the accent is on the first of 
the diphthongal vowels, the preceding consonant does not go 
into sh, but preserves its sound pure, as Miltiades, Antia- 
tes, Sec. 

11. Tand s, in proper names, ending in tia, sia, cyan, and 
sion, preceded by the accent, change the t and into sh and 
zh. Thus Phocion, Siryon, and Cercyon, are pronounced ex- 
actly in our own analogy, as if written Phoshean, S shean, 
and Sershean ; Artemisia and Aspasia sound as if written 
Artemizhea and Aspazhea : Galatia, Aratia, Alotia, and Ba- 
tia, as if written (Talaskea, Arashca, Aloshea. and Bashea: 
and if Atia, the town in Campania, is not so pronounced, it 
is to distinguish it from Asia, the eastern region of the world. 


[The author is inconsistent with himself as to the sound of ei. 
In the Terminational Dictionary (note on eia) he remarks that 
the ei should be pronounced like double e long. For this rea- 
son the accent has been placed, in the following pages, on the 
letter e in all cases of this kind. See Anteius, <Slc. Ed.] 

$ That this general rule should be violated by smatterers in 
the learned languages, in such words as gymnastic, heteroge- 
neous, Sec., is not to be wondered at ; but that men of real 
learning, who do not want to show themselves otf to the vulgar 
by such inuendoes of their erudition, should give into this ir- 
resularity, is really surprising. We laugh at the pedantry 
of the age of James the First, where there is scarcely a page 
in any English book, that is not sprinkled with twenty Greek 
and Latin quotations ; and yet do not see the similar pedantry 
of interlarding our pronunciation with Greek and Latin 
sounds ; which may be affirmed to be a greater perversion of 
our language than the former. In the one case, the introduction 
of Greek and Latin quotations does not interfere with the 
English phraseology •, but in the other the pronunciation is 
disturbed, and a motley jargon of sounds introduced, as incon- 
sistent with true taste as it is with neatness and uniformity. 


RULES FOR PRONOUNCING GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 'J49 


But tho termination tion (of which there are not even twenty 
exain[)lo3 in proper names throughout the whole Greek and 
Latin languages) seems to pre.serve tlio t trom going into sk^ 
as the last remnant of a learned pronunciation ; and to avoid, 
as much as possible, assimilating with so vulgar an Eiiglisii 
termination : thus, though JSsion^ Jasion^ Dionijsion, change 
the 6' into z, as if written JEzioit^ Jazioii, Diuiuzion, tho z 
does not become th ; but Pkilistion^ Oration, EiinjLioii, Do- 
tion, Androtion, Jlippotion, Ipkition, Ornytion, Metton, Poly- 
tion, Stration, Sution, JEan'ion, Pallantion, AStioii, Ilippo- 
cration, and Amphyction, preserve the t in its true sound ; 
HepheosLion, however, from the frequency of appearing with 
Alexander, has deserted tlie small class of his Greek compan- 
ions, and joined the English multitude, oy rhyming with qnes- 
tion ; ami Tatiaii and Tkeodution seem perfectly Anglicised. 
With very, very few exceptions, therefore, it may bo conclud- 
ed, that Greek and Latin proper names are pronounced alike, 
and tliat both of them follow the analogy of English pronun- 
ciation. 

12. Ch. These letters before a vowel are always pronounced 
like k, as Ckabrias, Ckolckis, &c. j but wiien they come before 
a mute consonant at the beginning of a word, as in Clithonia, 
they are mute, and the word is pronounced as if written 
Tkonia. Words beginning with Sdie, as Schedias, Sclieria, 
&c., arc pronounced as if written Skedius, Skeria, &cc. ', 
and c before n in the Latin proenomen Cneiis or Cnmis is 
mute \ so in Cnopus, Cnosus, &c., and before t in Cteatns, 
and g before n in Oiiidus ; pronounced JV'opus, JVosjis, Tealus, 
and JV'idus. 

13. At the beginning of Greek words we frequently find 
tho uncombinablo consonants mn, tm, &c., as Mnemosyne, 
Mnesidainus, Mneus, MneUeus, Tmolus, &c. These are to 
be pronounced with the first consonant mute, as if written 
J\Teinosyne, J^Tcsidanuis, J^eiis, JVesteus, Moliis, &c., in tho 
Hame manner as we pronounce the words bdcUhim, pneumat- 
ic, gnomon, mnemonics, &.c., without the initial consonant. 
The saiue may be observed of the c hard, like k, when it 
comes before t ; as Ctesiphon, Ctesippus, &,c. Some of those 
words we see sometimes written with an e or i after the first 
consonant, as Menestciis, I'imolits, &.C., and then the initial 
consonant is pronounced. 

14. Pb, followed by a consonant, is mute, as Plithia, Phthi- 
'iiis, pronounced Tliia, Thiotis, in the same manner as the 
/laturalized Greek word phthisic, pronounced tisic. 

15. Ps: p is mute also in this combination, as \w PsTjehe, 
Psanimetichus, &c., pronounced Syke, Sammeticus, &c. 

16. Pt : p is mute in words beginning with these letters 
when followed by a vowel, as Ptolemy, Pterilas, &c., pro- 
nounced Tolemy, Tcrilas, &lc. ; but when followed by /, t he t 
is heard, as iwTlepolemiLs : for, though we have no words of 
our own with these initial consonants, we have many words 
that end with them, and they are certainly pronounced. The 
same may be observed of the z in Zmilaces. 

17. Tlie letters s, x, and z, recpiire but little observation, 
being generally pronounced as in pure English words. It 
may, however, he remarked, that s, at the end of words, pre- 
ceded by any of tho vowels but c, has its pure hissing sound ; 
as mas, dis, os, mus, &.c. ; but when e precedes, it goes into 
the sound of z ; uapes, Thersites, votes, &c. It may also be 
observed, that when it ends a word preceded by r or n, it has 
tlie sound of z. Thus the letter s in mens, Mo)'s, mors, &c., 
has the same sound as in the English words hens, stai's, wars, 
&.C. X, when beginning a word or syllable, is pronounced 
like z as Xerxes, Xenophon, &c., are pronounced Zerkies, 
Zenophon, &c. Z is uniformly pronounced as in English 
words: thus the z in Zeno and Zeugma is pronounced as we 
hear it in zeal, zone, &,c. 

Rules for ascertaining the English. Quantity of Greek 
and Latin Proper Names. 

18. It may at first be observed, that in words of two sylla- 
bles, with but one consonant in the middle, whatever bo the 
quantity of the vowel in tho first syllable in Greek or Lat- 
in, we always make it long in Englisii : thiLsCi-nic;?, the {ihiloso- 
pher, and crates, a hurdle ; dccus, !ionor,and dcdo,lo give up *, 
ovo, to triumph, and ovum, an egg ; J\'uma, the legislator, and 
Numen, the divinity, have the first vowel always sounded 
equally long by an English speaker, although in Latin the 
first vowel in the first word of each of these pairs is short. ^ 

19. On the contrary, wmrds of three syllables, with the ac- 
cent on the first, and with but one consonant after the first syl- 
lable, have that syllable pronounced short, let the Greek or 
Latin quantity be what it will ; thnsre^aLr^ and?*e//mra, raimi- 
cus and minium , are heard with the first vowel short in English 
pronunciation, though the first w'ords of each jiair have 
their first syllables long in Latin: and the u in /uu?/>o and 
fugito is pronounced long in both w'ords, though in Latin tho 
last u is short. This rule is never broken but when the first 
syllable is followed by e or ?, followed by another vowel : in 
this case the vowel in the first syllable is long, excejit that 
vowel bo i: thus lamia, genius, Libya, doceu, cupio, have the 
accent on the first syllable, and this syllable is pronounced 


♦The only word occurring to me at present, where this 
rule is not observed, is canon, a rule, which is always 


long in every word but Libya, though in the original it is 
equally short in all. 

23. It must have frequently occurred to those who in.strucL 
youth, that though the quantity of the accented syllable of 
long proper names lias been easily conveyed, yet that tho 
quantity of the preceding unaccented syllables has occasioned 
some embarrassment. An appeal to the laws of our own lan- 
guage would soon have removed the perplexity, and enabled 
us to pronounce the initial unaccented syllables with as much 
decision as the others. Thus every accented antepenultimate 
vowel but u, even when followed by one consonant only, Is, in 
our pronunciation of Latin, as well as in English, short: llius 
fabula, separo, diligo, nobilis, cucu7nis, have the first vowels ' 
pronounced as in tho Eiiglisli words capital, celebrate, simony, 
solitude, luculent, in direct opposition to the Latin ipiantity, 
which makes every antepenultimate vowel in all these words 
but the last long; and this ice pronounce long, though short in 
Latin. But if a semi-consonant diphthong succeed, then every 
sucii vowel is long but/, in our pronunciation of lioth languages ; 
and Eugnneus, Kugenia, films, folium, dulia, have the vowel 
in the antepenultimate syllable pronounced exactly as in the 
English words satiate, menial, delirious, notorious, penurious ; 
though they are all short in Latin but the i, which we pro- 
nounce short, though in the Latin it is long. 

21. The same rule of quantity takes place in those syllables 
which hav'e the secondary accent : for, as we pronounce Zt/w.- 
entation, demonstration, diminution, domination, luculn-ation , 
with every vowel in tho first syllable sliort but «, so we pro- 
nounce the same vowels in the same manner in tamentatio, dem- 
onstratio, diminutio, dominatio, and lucubratio : but if a seini- 
consouant diphtiiong succeed tlie secondary accent, as in A7ic- 
vistus, Hcliodorus, Qabinianvs, irerodia7ius, and VolasUmus, 
every vowel preceding the diphthong is long but i ; Just as we 
should pronounce these vowels in the English woids azytiability, 
mediatorial, propitiation, excoriation, cc7ituriator. Sec. 

22. But to reduce these rules into a smaller compass, that 
they may he more easily comprehended and rememhered, it 
may he observed, tiiat, as we always shorten every antepe- 
rmltimato vowel with the prbnary accent but ir, unless follovv- 
ed by a semi-consonant diphthong, though this anteponnlti- 
mato vowel is often long in Greek and Latin, as ^schylus, 
^schines, (Sec., and the antepenultimate i, even though it bs 
followed by such a diphthong, as FAe7tsi/iia, OcrUia, Sec. — so 
we shorten the first syllable of JEsculapms, JEnoharbus, &c., 
because the first syllable of both thoso words has tlie secondary 
accent : but we pronounce the same vowels long in ..^Ethiopia, 
AEgialeu.s, Haliartus, See., because this accent is followed by 
a semi-consonant diphthong. 

23. This rule sometimes holds good where a mute and liquid 
intervene, and determines the first syllable oi Adrian , Adriatic , 
See. ; to he long like ay, and not short like add; and it is ou 
this analogical division of the words, so little understood or 
attended to, that a perfect and a consistent pronunciation of 
1 hem depends. It is this analogy that determines the first u 
to he long in stupidus, and tho y siiort in clypea, thongli both 
are sliort in tlie Iiatin ; and the o in the first syllalilc of Coiio- 
la7nis, which is short in Latin, to he lung in Englisli. 

24. The necessity of attending to the quantity of th.e vowel 
in the accented syllable has sometimes iirodnced a division of 
words in the following Vocabulary that does not seem to con- 
vey the actual pronunciation. Thus tlic words Sulpitius, A 7 ii- 
ciu7/i, ArtC77iisiu7n, &.C., being divided into Sul-pit i-us, A-nic'- 
i-U7n, A r-te-7nis‘ 1-71777, &ze., we fancy tlie syllable after the accent 
deprived of a consonant closely united with it in sound, and 
which, from sncli a union, deriv'es an aspirated sound equiva- 
lent to sh. But as the sound of t, c, or s, in tiiis sitiuition, i« 
so generally understood, it was thought more eligible to divide 
tl'iC words in this manner, than into Sul-pbti-us, A-vi'ei-um, 
Ar-te-77ti'si-U7n,us in tho latter mode the i wants its shortening 
consonasit, and might, by some speakers, bo pronounced, as it 
generally is in Scotland, like ee. Tlio same may he observed 
of c and g when they end a syllable, and are followed by e or ;, 
as in Ac-e-ra'tus, Ac-i-dadi-a, Tig-el-lV mis, 7'eg'y-ra, Sie., 
wAore tho c and g ending a syllable, wo at first siglit think tliom 
to have their hard sound ; but, by observing tlie succeeding 
vowel, we soon perceive them to be soft, and only made to end 
a syllable in order to determine the shortness of the vowel 
w’liich precedes. 

25. Tho general rule, therefore, of quantity, indicated by tlie 
syllabication adopted in the Vocabulary, is, tliat when a conso- 
nant ends a syllable, the vowel is always short, whether tlie 
accent he on it or not ; and tliat when a vowel ends a syl labia 
witii the accent on it, it is always long: that the vowel 
when it ends a syllable, is long whether the accent bo on it 
or not ; and that the vowel /, (3,) (4,) when it ends a syllable 
without the accent, is pronounced like e ; but if tlie syllable li3 
final, it has its long open sound, as if the accent were on it j 
and the same may be observed of the letter y. 

Rules for placing the Accerit of Greek and Latin Prc]^ 

Names. 

26. Words of two syllables, either Greek or Latin, what- 


pronounced like the word cannon, a piece of ord- 
nance. 


950 


RULES FOR PRONOUNCING GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


ever be the quantity in the original, have, in English pronun- 
ciation, the accent on the first syllable : and if a single con- 
sonant come between two vowels, the consonant goes to the 
last syllable, and the vowel in the first is long j as Cato, Ceres, 
Cotmis, &.C. 

27. Polysyllables, adopted whole from the Greek or Latin 

into English, have generally the accent of the Latin : that is, 
if the penultimate be long, the accent is on it, as Severus, 
JDeniocedes, &c. j if short, the accent is on the antepenulti- 
mate, as Demosthenes, Aristophanes, Posthnmiis, See. See In- 
troduction. / 

28. When Greek or Latin proper names are Anglicised, 
either by an alteration of tlie letters, or by cutting off* the 
latter syllables, the accent of the original, as in appellatives 
under the same predicament, is transferred nearer to the 
beginning of the Word. Tims Proserpina has the accent on 
the second syllable but when altered to Proserpine, it trans- 
fers the accent to the first. The same may be observed of 
Homerus, Virgilius, IIoratias,Sec. when Anglicised io Homer, 
Virgil, Horace, &c. 

29. As it is not very easy, therefore, so it is not necessary 
to decide where doctors disagree. When reasons lie deep in 
Greek and Latin etymology, the current pronunciation will 
be follow'ed, let the learned do all they can to hinder it : thus, 
after Hyperion has been accented by our best poets, according 
to our own analogy, with the accent on the antepenultimate, 
as Shakspeare : 

“ Hype'i'ion^s curls, the front of Jove himself.’ ’ — Hamlet. 

“ that was to this 

Hype'rion to a satyr.” Ibid. 

“ next day after dawn, 

Doth rise and help Hype’rion to his horse.” — Henry Vth. 

So Cooke, in his translation of Hesiod^s Theogony, follows the 
accentuation of Shakspeare : 

“ Hyperion and Japhet, brothers, join ; 

Thea and Rhea of this ancient line 

Descend j and Themis boasts the source divine.” 

“ The fruits of Thia and Hyperion rise. 

And w'ith refulgent lustre light the skies.” 

After this established pronunciation, I say, how hopeless, as 
well as useless, would it be to attempt the penultimate accen- 
tuation, w'hich yet ought undoubtedly to be preserved in read- 
ing or speaking Greek or Latin compositions ; but, in reading 
or speaking English, must be left to those who would rather 
appear learned than judicious. But Acrion, Arion, Ampkion, 
Echion, Orion, Ixion, Pandion, Asion, Alphion, JErion, 
Ophion, Methion, Axion, Eion, Thlexion, and Sandion, pre- 
serve their penultimate accent invariably ; while Ethalion, a 
word of the same form and origin, is pronounced w'ith the 
accent on the antepenultimate, like Deucalion, and Pygma- 
lion: and this, if I mistake not, is the common pronunciation 
of a ship in the British navy, so called from the name of one 
of the Argonauts, who accompanied Jason in his expedition 
to Colchis to fetch the golden fleece. 

30. The same difficulty of deciding between common usage 
and classical propriety ap{>ears in words ending in ia, as 
Alexandria, Antiochia, Seleucia, Samaria,, Iphigenia, and 
several others, which were pronounced by our ancestors, as 
appears from their poetry, according to our own analogy, 
with the accent on the antepenultimate syllable *, and there is 
no doubt but every word of this form would have fallen into 
the same accentuation, if classical criticism had not stepped 
in and prevented it. A philosophical grammarian would be 
apt to think we are not much obliged to scholars for this inter- 
ruption of the vernacular current of pronunciation ; but, as 
there is so plausible a plea as that of reducing words to their 


original languages, and as a knowledge of these languages 
will always be an honorable distinction among men, it is 
strongly to be suspected that these words will not long con- 
tinue in their plain, homespun English dress. This critical 
correction, however, seems to have come too late for some 
words, which, as Pope expresses it, have “slid into verse,” 
and taken possession of our ears j and therefore, perhaps, 
the best way of disposing of them will be to consider them as 
th& ancients did the quantity of certain doubtful syllables, 
and to pronounce them either way. Some, however, seem 
always to have preserved the accent of their original lan- 
guage, as Thalia and Sophia : but Iphigenia, Antiochia, 

Seleucia, and Samaria, have generally yielded to the English 
antepenultimate accent ; and Erythia, Deidamia, Laodamia, 
Hippodamia, Apamia, Ilithyia, and Orithyia, from their 
seldom appearing in mere English composition, have not 
often been drawn aside into plain English pronunciation. 
The same may be observed of words ending in nicus, or nice : 
if they are compounded of the Greek viKy, the penultimate 
syllable is always long, and must have the accent, as Strato- 
nicus, Berenice, Sec. ; if this termination be what is called a 
gentile, signifying a man by his country, the penultimate is 
short, and the accent is on the antepenultimate ; as Macedon- 
icus, Sai-donicus, Britannicus, Sec. See Andronicus. 

31. Thus we see many of these proper names are of dubious 
accentuation J and the authorities which may be produced on 
botli sides sufficiently show us the inutility of criticising be- 
yond a certain point. It is in these as in many English words : 
there are some which, if mispronounced, immediately show ti 
want of education ; and there are others which, though not 
pronounced in the most erudite manner, stamp no imputation 
of ignorance or illiteracy. To have a general knowledge, there- 
fore, of the pronunciation of these words, seems absolutely 
necessary for those who would appear respectable in the more 
respectable part of society. Perhai)s no people on earth are 
so correct in the accentuation of proper names as the learned 
among the English. The Port-Royal Grammar informs us, 
that, “ notwithstanding all the rules that can be given, we are 
often under the necessity of submitting to custom, and of 
accommodating our pronunciation to what is received among 
the learned according to the country we are in.” “.So we 
pronounce,” says the grammarian, Aj’isto'bulus, Basi’lius, 
Ido'lium, with the accent on the antepenultimate, though the 
penultimate is long, because it is the custom : and, on the 
contrary, we pronounce Andre'as, ide'a, Mari'a, Sec., with 
the accent on the penultimate, though it is short, because it 
is the custom of the most learned. The Italians,” continues 
he, “place the accent on the penultimate of antonomasi'a, 
harmovi'a, philosophV a, iheologi’a, and similar words, accord- 
ing to the Greek accent, because, as Ricciolius observes, it is 
the custom of their country. Alvarez and Gretser th’uk we 
ought always to pronounce them in this manner, though the 
custom, not only of Germany and Spain, but of all France, is 
against it : but Nebrissensis authorizes this last pronunciation, 
and says, that it is better to place the accent of these vowels 
on the antepenultimate syllable j which shows,” concludes 
the grammarian, “ that when we once depart from the ancient 
rules, we have but little certainty in practice, which is so 
different in different countries.” 

But however uncertain and desultory the accentuation of 
many words may be, it is a great satisfaction to a speaker to 
know that they are so. There is a wide diflerence between 
pronouncing words of this kind ignorantly and knowingly. 
A person \yho knows that scholars themselves difter in the 
pronunciation of these words can always pronounce with 
security ; but one who is unacquainted with the state of t ho 
accent is not sure that he is right when he really is so, and 
always pronounces at his peril. 


It is hoped the candid peruser of this work will make 
allowances for an occasional ei'ror in dividing a syllable or 
placing an accent, when he reflects on the difliculty with which 
such a work must necessarily be attended. The author flat- 


ters himself, however, that such attention has been paid both 
to the compilation and the proofs, that the fewest errors im- 
aginable have escaped him . 


% 


r 

■A? -it 


PRONUNCIATION 


OF 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES 


a 


INITIAL VOCABULARY. 


%* When a word is succeeded by a word printed in Italics, 
the latter word is merely to spell the former as it ought to be 
j)ronounced. Thus Abansheas is the true pronunciation of the 
preceding word Abantias : and so of the rest. 

The figures annexed to the words refer to the Rules 
prefixed to the work. Thus the figure 3 after Achcci refers to 
Rule the 3d, for the pronunciation of the final i j and the figure 


4 after Abii refers to Rule the 4th, for the pronunciation of the 
unaccented t, not final : and so of the rest. 

*^* When the letters Eng. are put after a word, it is to 
show that this word is tlie preceding word Anglicised. Thus 
Lxi'can, is the Latin word Lucanus^ changed into the 

English Lucan. 


AB 

A'BA and A'bai* 
Ab'a-a 
Ab'a-ba 
Ab-a-ce'ne 8 
Ab'a-ga 
Ab'a-ius 20 
A-bu'nat 7 
A-banftes 
A-ban'ti-as 10 
A-ban'she~as 
Ab-an-ti'a-des 1 
A-ban'ti-das 4 
A-banftis 
Ab-ar-ba're-a 7 
Ab'a-ri 3 
A-bar'i-mon 4 
Ab'a-ris 7 
A-ba'rus 1 
A'bas 1 
A-ba'sa 1 7 
Ab-a-siftis 7 1 
Ab-as-sema 1 7 
Ab-as-se''ni 
A-bas'sus 7 
Ab'a-tos 7 
Ab-da-lon'i-mus 4 
Ab-de^ra 1 7 
Ab-de'ri-a 14 7 
Ab-de-riftes 1 
Ab-de'rus 1 
A-be'a-tGB 7 15 

A-behla 7 
Ab-el-li'nus 
A'bi-a 14 7 
A'ben'da 7 
Ab'ga-rus 
A'bi-i 4 
Ab'i-la 4 7 
A-bis^a-res 7 
A-bis'a-ris 7 
Ab-i-sonftes 4 
Ab-le'tes 1 
A-bob'ri-ca 4 
A-bo'bus 
A-boec'ri-tus 5 
Ab-o-la'ni 3 
A-bo'lus 7 1 
Ab-on-i-tei^chos 5 
Ab-o-ra'ca 1 7 
Ab»o-rig'i-nes 4 
A-bor'ras 7 
Ab-ra-da'tas 
Ab-ra-da'tes 
A-brenftius 10 
A-broc^o-nias 


AC 

Ab-rod-i-se'tus 4 
A-bro'ni-us 4 
A-bron'y-cus 6 
Ab^ro-ta 7 
A-brot'o-num 
A-bryp^o-lis 6 
Ab-se'us 
Ab-sinfthi-i 4 
Ab'so-rus 
Ab-syrftos 6 
Ab-syr'tus 6 
Ab-u-liftes 1 
Ab-y-de'ni 6 
Ab-y-de'nus 6 
A-by'di 6 
A-byMos 6 
A-byMus 
Ab'y-la G 
Ab^y-lon 6 
Ab-ys-si'ni 1 
Ab-ys-sin^i-a 6 
Ac-a-cal'lis 7 
Ac-a-ce'si-um 10 
Ak-a-se'ihc-iim 
A-ca'ci-us 10 
A-ka'she-us 
Ac-a-de%ii-a 7 
Ac-a-de'mus 
Ac-a-lan'drus 
A-cal'le 8 
A-ca-mar'chis 7 
Ac'a-mas 7 
A-camp'sis 7 
A-can'tha 7 
A-can'thus 7 
Ac'a-ra 7 
A-ca^ri-a 7 
Ac-ar-nahii-a 7 
A-car^nas 7 
A-cas'ta 7 
A-cas'tus 7 
Ac-a-thanftus 7 
Ac'ci-a 10 7 
Aldshe-a 
Ac^ci-la 7 
Ac^ci-us 10 
Ak'she-us 
Ac^cu-a 7 
A'ce 8 

Ac-e-di'ci 3 24 
Ac'c-la 24 
Ac-e-ra'tus 27 
A-cerOias 
Ac-e-rihia 1 
A-cer'rse 4 


AC 

Ac'er-sec'o-mes 
A'ces 7 
A-ce^si-a 10 
Ac-e-si'nes 1 
Ac-e-si^nus 1 
A-ce^si-us 10 
A-cesfta 7 
A-cesftes 
A-cesfti-um 10 
A-ces-to-do'rus 
A-ces-tor'i-des 
A-ceftes 

Ach-a-byftosJ 12 

A-chce'a 7 

A-chas'i 3 

A-ch 0 B'i-um 

A-cheem^e-ncs 

Ach-ae-me^ni-a 

Ach-ae-men'i-des 

A-chae'us 

A-cha^i-a 7 

Ach'a-ra 7 

Ach-a-ren'ses 

A-char'nao 4 

A-chaftes 

Ach-e-lo'i-des 4 

Ach-e-lo'ri-um 

Ach-e-lohis 

A-cher'dus 

A-cher'i-mi 3 4 

Ach^e-ron 

Ach-e-ronfti-a 10 

Ach-e-ru'si-a 11 

Ach-e-ru'si-as 11 

A-cheftus 

A-chil'las 

A-chil'le-us 

Ach-il-le'a 7 

Ach-il-lei-en'ses 

Ach-il-le'us 

A-cbil'les 

Ach-il-le'um 

A-chi'vi 4 

Ach-la-dae'us 

Ach-o-la'i 3 

Ac-ra-dihia 7 

Ach-o-lo'e 

Ach-ra-di^na 

Ac-i-cho'ri-us 

Ac-i-da'li-a 8 

Ac-i-da'sa 

A-cil'i-a 

Ac-i-lig'e-na 24 

A-cil'i-us 

A-cibla 7 


AD 

A'cis 

Ac'mon 

Ac-mon'i-des 4 

A-cceftes 

A-co'nae 4 

A-con'tes 

A-confte-us 

A-confti-us 10 

A-con-to-bu'lus 

A-co'ris 

A'cra 

A'crao 

A-crae'a 7 

A-craaphhii-a 7 

Ac-ra-gal-li'daj 4 

Ac'ra-gas 7 

A-craftus 

A'cri-as 4 

Ac-ri-doph'a-gi 3 

A-cri'on 11 

Ac-ris-i-ohie 

Ac-ris-i-o-ne'us 

Ac-ris-i-o-ni'a-des 

A-oris'e-us 10 

A-criftas 1 

Ac-ro-afthon 

Ac-ro-ce-rau^ni-um 

Ac-ro-co-rin'thus 

A^cron 1 

Ac-ro-paftos 

A-crop^o-lis 

Ac'ro-ta 

A-crot'a-tus 

Ac-ro'tho-os 

Acfta 7 j 

Ac-tae'a 7 

Ac-tae'on 4 

Ac-taj'us 4 

Acfte 8 

Acfti-a 10 

Ac'tis 

Ac-tis^a-nes 

Acfti-um 10 

Ac'ti-us 10 , 

Acftor 

Ac-tor'i-dcs 

Ac-to'ns 

A-cu'phis 

A-cu-si-la^us 

A-cufti-cus, M 

A'da 7 

A-dae'us 

Ad-a-man-tae^a 7 

Ad^a-mas 

Ad-a-masftus 


JE 

A-das'pi-i 4 

Ad%-tha 

Ad-de-pha'gi-a 

AdMu-a 7 

A-dehplii-us 

A-dehnon 

AMes, or Ila'des 

Ad-gan-desftri-us 

Ad-her'bal 

Ad-her'bas 

Ad-i-anfte 8 

A-di-at^o-rix 

Ad-i-man'tus 

Ad-me'ta 7 

Ad-i-mefte 

Ad-meftus 

A-do'ni-a 

A-dohiis 

Ad-ra-myt'ti-um 
A-drahia 7 1 
A-drahium 
A-dras'ta 
A-dras'ti-a 
A-drasftus 
A'dri-a 23 
A-dri-a'num 
A-dri-at'i-cum 
A-dri-an-op'o-lis 
A-dri-a'nus 
A'dri-an (Eng.) 
Ad-ri-rae'tum 
Ad-u-at'i-ci 4 
A-dy r-m a-chi 'daj 
7 

Al-a-ce'a 

Al-ac^i-das 

.^E-ac'i-des 

Al'a-cus 

JE'vs 

A3-CD'a 

Al-an-to4im 

Al-an'ti-des 

^-anftis 

Al'as 

A3'a-tus 

Alch-mac'o-ras 

iEchhnis 

iE-dep'sum 

Al-dcs^sa 

Al-dic'u-la 

Al-di'les 8 

Al-dip'sus 

AlMon 

AlVlu-i, pr Hed^u-i 
jE-el'k) 


* Every a ending a syllable, with the accent upon it, is 
pronounced like the a in the English words fa-vor^ ta-per^ 
&LC. See Rule the 1st, prefixed to this Vocabulary. 

I Every unaccented a, whether initial, medial or final, 
ending a syllable, has an obscure sound, bordering on the a in 
father. See Rule the 7th, prefixed to this Vocabulary. 

Achabytos . — Ch, in this and all the subsequent words, have 
the sound of k. Thus, Achabytos^ Achcca^ Achates^ &c., are 


pronounced as if written Akabytos, AJccca^ AkateSj &c. See 
Rule the 12th. 

^ .Ma . — This diphthong is merely ocular, for the a has no 
share in the sound, though it appears in the type. Indeed, a« 
we pronounce the c, there is no middle sound between that 
letter and e, and therefore we have adopted the last vowel, 
and relinquished the first. This, among other reasons, makes 
it probable that the Greeks and Romans pronounced the a aj 


952 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 



AG 

AG 

AL 

AL 

..E-e'ta 

Al-ne'a-des 

Ag-a-las'ses 

Ag-o-ra'nis 

Al-can'dcr 

.^-e'ti-as 10 

Ail-ne^a-dte 

A-gal'la 7 

Ag-o-rar'a 

Al-can'dre 

/E'ga 

.E-ne'as 

A-gam'ma-tte 

A'gra 1 

Al-ca'nor 

..dS-ge'as 

/E-ne'i-a 

Ag-a-me'des 

A-gi ffiG 3 

Al-cath'o-e 

iE'gae 5 

Al-ne'is 

Ag-a-mem'non 

Ag'ra-gas 

Al-cath'o-us 

-'E-gSD'IB 

Al-ne'i-des 4 

Ag-a-mem-nobii-us 

A-grau'le 

Al'ce 

iE-gae'on 

Al-nes-i-do'mus 

Ag-a-rne'tor 

A-grau'li-a 

Al-ce'nor 

jE-gmum 

iE-ne'si-us 10 

Ag-am-nes'tor 

A-grau'los 

Al-ces'to 

.<E-g8e'us 

iE-ne'tus 

Ag-a-nip'pe 

Ag-rau-o-ni'ttB 

Al-ces'iis 

yE-ga'le-os 

Al'ni-a 

A-gan /a-ga 

A-gri-abies 

Ahee-tas 

yE-ga'le-um 

iE-ni'a-cus 

Ag-a-pe'no 

A-gric'o-la 

Al'clii-das 12 

uE'gan 

.lE-ni'o-chi 12 

Ag-a-re'ni 3 

Ag-ri-gen'tum 

Al-chim'a-cus 

..E'gas .5 

yEn-o-bar'bus 22 

Ag-a-ris^ta 

A-grini-um 

Al-ci-bi'a-des 4 

j^-'.-ga^tes 

-En'o-cles 

A-gas'i-cles 

A-gri-o'ni-a 

Al-cid a-mas 

.iE-ge'le-on 

yl^'nos 

A-gas'.a® 

A-gri'o-pas 

Al-ci-da-me'a 

iE-ge'ri-a 

Al'num 

A-gas'the-nes 

A-gri'o-po 

Al-ci-darn'i-das 

.E-ges'ta 

Al-ny'ra 

A-gas'thus 

A-grip'pa 

Al-cid'a-mus 

..E-ge'us 

.iE-o'li-a 

A-gas'tro-phus 

Ag-rip-j)i'na 

Ai-ci'das 

^-giba-lo 

Al-o'li-as 

Ag'a-tha 

A-gris'o-pc 8 

Al-ci'des 

..E-gi-aMe-us 22 

iE-ohi-da 

Ag-ath-ar'chi-das 

A'gri-us 1 

Al-cid'i-ce 

.E-gi a'li-a 22 4 

iE-ohi-des 

Ag-ath-ar'chi-des 

Ag' ro-las 

Al-cim'e-de 

-E-gi'a-lus 

Al/o-lis 

Ag-ath-ar'eus 

A'gron 

Al-cim'e-don 

.E-gi'des 

Al'o-Ius 

A-ga'thi-as 

A-gro'tas 

A-cim'e-nes 

.E-gi'la 

Al-o'ra 

Ag'a-tho 

A-grot'e-ra 

Ahei-mus 

iE-gihi-a 

Al-pa'li-us 

A-gath-o-cle'a 

A-gyhe-us 5 

Al-cin'o-e 

yE-gim'i-us 

Al-pebx 

A-gatli/o-cles 

A-gyl'la 

Al'ci-nor 

yEg-i-mo'rus 

Alp'u-lo 21 

Ag'a-thon 

Ag-yl-lse'us 

Al-cin'o-usJ 

.E-gi'na 

Al'py 6 

A-gath-o-nv'mus 

A-gy'rus 

Al-ci-obie-us 5 

iEg-i-ne'ta 

*Ep'y-tus 21 

Ag-a-thos'the-nes 

A-gyr'i-um 

Al'ci-phron 

iEg-i -ne'tes 

vE-qua'na 7 

Ag-a-thyr'num 

A-gyr'i-us 

Al-cip'pe 

jE-gi'o-chus 

iE'qui 3 

Ag a-thyr'si 3 

A-gyr^tes 

Al-cip'pus 

jE-gi'pan 

yE-quic'o-Ii 

A-gau'i 3 

A-ha'la 7 

Al'cis 

A‘l-gi'rn 

-Eq-ui-me'li-ura 

A-ga've 

A-i-do'ne-us 5 

Al-cith'o-o 

yE-gir-o-es'sa 

A^'ri-as 

A-ga'vus 

A-im'y-lus 

Alc-mte^on 

.lE'gis* 

.^Er'o-pe 

Ag-des'tis 

A-i'us Lo-cu'ti-us 

Alc-mao-on'i-dte 

-E-gis'thus 

Alr'o-pus 

Ag-e-e'na 

A'jax 

Ale 'man 

jE-gi'tum 

-Es'a-cus 

Ag-e-las'tus 

Al-a-ban'da 

Alc-me'na 

iE'gi-um 

Al-sa'pus 

Ag-e-la'us 

Al'a-bus 

Al-cv'o-ne 

/Egde 

Al'sar, or Al-sa'ras 

A-gen'a-tha 

A-lae'a 

Al-cy-o'ne-us 5 

..Eg'les 

-Es'chi-nes 22 

Ag-en-di'eum 

A-l£B'i 3 

Al-cy'o-na 

^Eg-le'tes 

vEs'chi-ron 12 

A-ge'nor 

A-lae'sa 

Al-des'cus 

.Eg'lo-go 

^Es-chy-li'des 

Ag-e-nor'i-des 

A-Ias'us 

Al-du'a-bis 

^E-gob'o-lus 

Als'chy-lus 21 

Ag-e-ribius 

Al-a-go'ni-a 

A'le-a 1 7 

jE-goe'e-ros 

A3s-cu-la'pi-us 22 

Ag-e-san^der 

A-la'ia 

A-le'bas 

.^'gon 

vE-se'pus 

A-ge'si-as 10 

Al-al-com'e-nss 

A-le'bi-on 

JE'gos pot'a-mos 

Al-serbii-a 

Ag-es-i-la'us 

A-la'li-a 7 

A-lec'to 

^Eg-o-sa'gaj 

-iE-si'on 11 

Ag-e-sip'o-lis 

Al-a-ma'nes 

A-lec'tor 

^-gos'the-na 

Al'son 

Ag-o-sis'tra-ta 

Al-a-man'ni, or Al-e- 

A-lec'try-on 

.E'gus 

Al-son^i-des 

Ag-e-sis'tra-tus 

man'ni 

A-lec'tus 

^‘gy G 

-^-so^pus 

Ag-gram^mes 

A-la'ni 

A-le'i-us Cam'pus^ 

jEg-y-pa^nes 

Aj^'sop (Eng.) 

Ag-gri'na3 

A ha-res 

Al-e-man'ni 

vE-gyp'sus 

.^Es'tri-a 

Ag'i-dge 

Al-a-ri'cus 

A-le'mon 

uE-gyp'ti-i 4 10 

Als^u-a 

Ag-i-la'us 

AVa-ric (Eng.) 

Al-e-mu'si-i 4 

./E-gyp 'ti-um 10 

iE-sy'c-tes 

A'gis 

Al-a-ro'di-i 3 4 

A'lens 

iE-gyp'tus 

Als-ym-ne'tcs 21 

Ag-la'i-a 

A-las'tor 

A'le-on 


Al-sym'nus 

Ag-lay'a 

Aha-zon 

A-le'se 

aE-li-abius 

Al-thah-i-des 

Ag-la-o-ni'ce 

Ahba Syhvi-us 

A-le'si a 10 

A^‘U-an (Eng.) 

Al-thi-o'pi-a 22 

Ag-la'o-pe 

Al-ba'ni-a 

A-le'si-um 10 

yE'li-us and JEdi-a 

A^th'li-us 

Ag-la-o-phse'na 

Al-ha'nus 

A-le'tes 

iE-lu'rus 

-dG^thon 

Ag-la'o-phon 

Al-bi'ci 3 4 

A-le'thes 

iE-mihi-a 

xE'thra 

Ag-la-os'the-nes 

Al-bi-e't» 4 

A-le'thi-a 

.«E-mil-i-abius 

A'-tliu'sa 

Ag-lau'ros 

Al-bibii 3 

A-let'i-das 

iE-mihi-us 

Al'ti-a 10 

Ag-la'us 

Al-bi-no-vabius 

A-le'tri-um 

./Em-nes'tus 

Al'ti-on 11 

Ag'na 

Al-bin-te-me'li-um 

A-le'tum 

.lE'mon 

AG'ti-usf 10 

Ag'no 

Al-bi'nus 

Al-eu-a'doa 

iEm'o-na 

iEt'na 

Ag-nod'i-co 

Ahbi-on 

A-le'us 

.iE-mo^ni-a 

Al-to'li-a 

Ag'non 

Al'bi-us 

A'lex 1 

iE-mon'i-des 

-iE-to'lus 

Ag-non'i-des 

Al-bu-cil'Ia 

A-lex-a-mc'nus 

.E'mus 

A'fer 

Ag-o-na^li-a, and A-go'- 

Ahbu-la 

Al-ex-an'der|| 

jE-myhi-a 

A-fra'ni-a 

ni-a 

Al-bu'ne-a 

Al-ex-an'dra 

uE-myl-i-a^nu$ 

A-fra'ni-u3 

A-go'nes 

A 1-burbm.s 

Al-ex-an-dri'alT 30 

>E-myhi-i 4 

APri-ca 7 

Ag'o-nis 

Al'bus Pa'gus 

Al-ex-an'dri-des 

iE-myhi-us 

Af-ri-ca'nus 

A-go'ni-us 

Al-bu'ti-us 10 

Al-ex-an-dri'na 

.^-na'ri-a 

Af'ri-cum 

Ag-o-rac'ri-tus 

Al-cie'us 1 

Al-ex-an-drop'o-lis 

.E-ne'a 

A-gag-ri-a'nm 

Ag-o-ran'o-mi 3 

Al-cam'e nes 1 

Al-ex-u'nor 


we do in water^ and the e as we hear it in where and there ; 
the middle or mixt sound, then, would bo like a in father, 
which was probably the sound they gave to this diphthong. 

* %^gis . — This diphthong, though long in Greek and Lat- 
in, is in English pronunciation either long or short, accord- 
ing to the accent or position of it. Thus, if it immediately 
jirecedes the accent, as in ^gcus, or with the accent on it, 
before a single consonant, in a word of two syllables, it 
is long, as in ; before two consonants it is short, as 

in JEgles ; or before one only, if the accent be on the an- 
tepenultimate, as in •Mropus. — For the exceptions to this rule, 
680 Rule 22. 

f One of the generals of Valentinian the Third ; which, 
Labbe tells us, ought properly to be written Ji etius ; tho.t 
is, without the diphthong. We may observe, that as this 
word comes from the Greek, but is Latinized, it is pronounced 
with the t like sh, as if written ^shius ; but the preceding 


word ^tion, Ireing pure Greek, does not conform to this anal- 
ogy. — Sec Rule the 11th and 29th. 

X Alcinous. — There are no words more frequently mispro- 
nounced by a mere English scholar tlian those of this termina- 
tion. By such a one we sometimes hear Alchious a.nd Antinous 
jironounced in three syllables, as if written Al~ci-nouz and An- 
tt-7unrz, rhyming witli vows; but clas.sical pronunciation re- 
quires that these vowels should form distinct syllables. 

§ Aleius Campus . — 

“ I.est from this flying steed unrein’d, (as once 
Bellerophon, though from a lower clime,) 

D>>mounted, on th’ Aleian fold 1 fall. 

Erroneous there to wander, and forlorn.” 

Milton’s Par. Lost, b. vii. v. 17. 

II Alexander. — This word is as frequently pronounced with 
the accent on the first as on the third syllable. 

[IT This word is accented, by the author, on tho antepeault. 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES 


953 


AM 

AM 

AN 

AN 

AN 

Al-ex-ar'chus 

A-man^tes 

Am-mo'ni-i 3 

An-a-dy-om'e-nef 

An-dro'clus 

A-lex'as 

Am-an-ti'ni 3 

Am-mu'ni-us 

A-nag'ui-a 

An-dro-cy'des 

A“lex'i-a 

A-mahius 

Afn-mo'the-a 

An-a-gy ron'tum 

An-drod'a-mus 

A~lck‘ she-a 

A-mar'a-cus 

Am'ni-as 

An-a-i'tis 

An- lro'ge-o3 

A-lex-ic'a-cus 

A-mar'di 3 

Am-ni'sus 3 

An'a-phe 

An-dro'ge-us 

Al-ex-i'nus 

A-inar tus 

Am-ce-bffi'us 5 

An-a-phlys'tus 

An-drog'y-;ioo 

A-lex'i-o 

Atn-bryl'lis 

Am-mo-me'tu3 

A-napus 

An- Irum'a-che 

A-lek s/te-o 

Am-ar-yn'ce-us 5 

A'mor 1 

A-.aar'tos 

An-drom-a-.lu'daa 

A1 ex-ip i)U9 

Am-ar-yn'thus 

x\-nior'ges 

A'nas 1 

An-drom'a-chus 

A!-3x-ir'a-2s 

A' mas 

A-sn'or'gos 

An'cho-ra 

An- irom'ii-das 

,\l-3x-ir'ho-e 

A-ma'si-a 10 

Arn p 2 -lus 

y\-nat'o-l3 

An- Ironre-da 

A-lex'is 

Am-a-so'uus 

Am-pe-lu'si-a 

A-nau'chi-Jas 12 

An'dron 

A-bx'on 

A-ma'sis 

Am-phe'a 7 

A-nau'rus 

An-dro-ni'cus| 23 

A1 -fa-ter'na 

A-inas'tris 

Ain-phi-a-la'us 

A'nax ] 

An-drop!i'a-gi 3 

Al-fo' nus 

x-V-mas'trus 

Am-phi'a-;uix 

An-ax ag'o-ras 

An-dro-pnm pus 

Al'gi-Jum 

A-ma'ta 

Am-plii-a ra'us 

An-ax-an'der 

An'dros 

A-li-.ic'mon 

Am-a-the'a 

x\m-phi-ar i- les 

An-ax-an'dri-Jes 

An-Jros'the-ncs 

A-li-artuni 

x\m'a-thu3 

Am-phic'ra-tes 

An ax-ar'chus 12 

An-Jro'tri-nn 

A-li- ir'tus 

x\-max-an* pe'us 

x'\m-phic'ty-on 11 

A.i-ax-ar'e-te 

An-e-lon'tis 

A1 i-cis 

A-max'i-a 

Am-phic-lebi 

An-ax-e'nor 

An-c-ras'tus' 

A-li-e'nus 21 

A-max'i-ta 

Am-pliid'a-mus 

A-nax i-as 10 

.An-e-mo li-a 

Al'i-fm 

Am-a-zo'nes 

Am-phi-dro'mi-a 

An-ax-i!) i a 

An-e-mo'sa 

A!-i-laB'i 3 4 

A-maz'-o-nos 

Am-phi-gebii-a, or 

An-ax-ic'ra-tes 

An-fin'o-tnus 

Al-i-rnen'tus 

Am'a-zoiis (Eng.) 

Arn-phi-ge ni'a* 29 

xA-nax-i-Ja'mus 

An-ge'li-a 

A-!i »'do3 

Am-a-zon'i-des 

Am-phil'o-chus 

A-iax'i-lus 

An-ge'li-on 

A-1 in-Jo' i-a 

Am-a-zo'ni-a 

yVm-phil y-tus 

y\-nax-i-la'u5 

An'ge-1 us 

AJ-i-phe'ri-a 

Am-a-zu'ni-um 

Am-phim'a-chus 

An-ax-i li-Jes 

An-gi'tes 

Al-ir-ro'thi-us 

Am-a-zobii-us 

x\m-phim'e-don 

An-ax-i-man'der 

An'grus 

AM i-a 

Ara-bar'ri 3 

Am-phiivo-rno 

An-ax-im'e-nes 

An-gu-il'i-a 11 24 

AMi-c'nos 

Am'be-nus 

Am-phin'o-mus 

An-ax-ip'o-lis 

A'ni-a 7 

Al-1 jb'ro-ges 

Am-bar-va'li-a 

Ain-phi'on 23 

x\n-ax-ip'pus 

An-i ce'cus 

Al-lob'ry-ges 

Am-bi-a-li'tes 

Am-phip'o-les 

An-ax-ir'ho-e 

A-nic'i-a 10 

Al-lot'ri-ges 

Am-bi-ahium 

Am-phip'o-lis 

A-nax 'is 

A-nic'i-um 24 

A!-lu'ti-us 10 

Am-bi-a-ti'num 

Am-phip'y-ros 

A-nax'o 

A-riic'i-us GaMus 

A-lj'a 

Aiu-bi-ga'tus 

Am -phi-re 'tus 

Au-Ccb'us 

An'i-grus 

Al-o-e'u^ 

Am-bi'o-rix 

Ain-phir'o-e 

An-ca-li'tps 

A'ni-o, and A'ni-en 

Al-G-ihlc3 

Am'bla-Ja 

Am'phis 

An-ca'ri-us 

An-i-tor'gis 

Al-o-i'dcs 

Am-bra'ci-a 10 

y\m-j)iii3-biB’na 

An-cha'ri-a 7 

A'ni-us 

A-lu^ne 

Am-bra'ci-us 10 

Am-phis'sa 

An-cha'ri-us 

An'na 

Al'o-pe 

Am'bri 3 

Am-phis-se'ne 

An-chem'o-lus 

An-ni-a'nu3 

A-1 )p'e-ce 

Am-bro'nes 

Ani-phis'sus 

An-che-sites 

An'ni-bal 

A-1 jp'e-ces 

Arn-bro'si-a 10 

Am-phis'thc-nes 

Au-ches'mus 

An'ni-bi .3 4 

A-lo'pi-us 

Am-bro'si-us 10 

Am-phis-ti'des 

An-chi'a-la 

An-nie'e-ris 24 

AMos 

Am-bry'on 

Am-phis'tra-tus 

An-chi'a-lo 

An'non 

A-lo'ti-a 10 

Am-brys'sus 

Am-phit'e-a 

An-chi'a-lus 

An-o-pgs'a 

Al-pe'nus 

Am-bul'li 3 ^ 

An)-phith'o-mis 

An-chi-mo li-us 

An ser 

A1 pos 

Am'e-les 

Am-phitho -0 

An-chin'o-e 

An-si-ba'ri-a 

Alps (Eng.) 

Am-e-nahrus 

Am-phi-tri'te 8 

An-chi'ses 

An-tae'a 

Al-phe'a 

Am-e-ni'des 

Am-phit'ry-on 

An-chis'i-a 11 

An-tae as 

Al-phe'ia 

A-men'o-cles 

Am'phi-tus 

An-chi-si'a-des 

An-toe'us 

Al-phe'nor 

A-me ri a 

Am-phot'e-rus 

An'cho-o 

An-tag'o-ras 

Al-phe'nus 

A-mes'tra-tus 

Am-phot-ry-o-ni'a-des 

A.i-cliu'rus 

An-tal'ci-das 

Al-pho-si-boD'a 5 

A-mes'tris 

Am-phry'sus 

Ar-ci'le 

An-tan'der 

Al-phe-si-bce'us 

A-mic'Ias 

Amp'sa-ga 

An'con 

An-tan'dros 

Al-phe'us 

Am-ic-lae'us 

Am-pys'i-des 

x\n-co'na 

An-ter-bro'gi-us 

Ahphi-us 

Am-ic-ta)'u9 

Am 'pyx 

An'cus Mar'ti-us 

An-te'i«us 

Al-phi'on 29 

A-mic'tas 

Am-sac'tu3 

An-cy'le 

An-tem'.iao 

Al-pi'nus 

A-mi'da 3 

A-mu'li-us 

An-cy'rsB 

An-te'nor 

Al'pis 

A-mihcar 

A-myc'la 

An'da 

An-te-nor'i-def 

Al'si-um 10 

Am'i-los 4 

A-myc'lae 

An-dab'a-taa 

An'te-ros 

AI'sus 

A-mim'o-ne, or 

Am'y-cus 

An-da'ni-a 

An-the'a 

Al-thce'a 

A-mym'o-ne 

Am'y-don 

An-de-ca'vi-a 

An'the-as 

Al-thaem'e-nes 

A-min'e-a, or 

Am-y-mo'no 

An'des 

An-the'don 

Al-ti'aum 

Am-niin'e-a 

A-myn'tas 

An-doc'i-des 

An-t ho'la 

A1 tis 

A-min'i-as 

A-myn-ti-a'nus 

An-dom'a-tis 

An'the-mis 

A-lun'ti-um 10 

A-min'i-us 

A-myn'tor 

An-drm'mon 

An'the-mon 

A'lus, A1 'u-u9 

A-min'o-cles 

A-my'ris 

An-dra-ga'thi-us 

An'the-mas 

A-ly-at'tes 

Am-i-se'na 

A-myr'i-us 

An-drag'a-thus 

An-the-mu'si-a 10 

Al'y-ha G 

A-rnis'i-as 10 

Am'y-rus 

An-drag'o-ras 

An-the'ne 

Al-y-cee'a 

A-mis'sas 

A-rnys'tis 

An-dram'y-tes 

An-ther'mus 

Al-y-cse'us 

A-mi'sum 

Am-y-tha'on 

An-dre'as 

An'thes 

A-lys'sus 

A-mi'sus 

Am'y-tis 

An'drew (Eng.) 

An-thes-pho'ri-a 

Al-yx-oth'o-o 

Am-i-ter'num 

An'a-ces 

An'dri-clus 

An-thes-te'ri-a 

A-mad'o-ci 3 

Am-i-tha'on, or 

An-a-char'sis 

An'dri-on 

An'the-us 

A-mad'o-cus 

Am-y-tha'on 

A-na'ci-urn 10 

An-dris'eus 

An-thi'a 

Am'a-ge 

Am-ma'lo 

A-nac're-on, or 

An-dro'bi-us 

An'thi-as 

Am-al-thae'a 

Am-mi-a'nus 

A-na'cre-on 23 

An-dro-cle'a 

An'thi-um 

Am-al-the'um 

Amhnon 

An-ac-to'ri-a 

An'dro-cles 

An'thi-us 

Am'a-na 

Am-mo'ni-a 

An-ac-to'ri-um 

An-dro-cli'des 

An 'tho 


JUezaii'dria, in the Terminational Dictionary, and among 
Scripture names. So likewise by Perry, and by Fulton and 
Kniglit. — Ed.] 

Amphigcnia . — See Iphigenia, and rule 30, prefixed to this 
Vocabulary. 

tThis epithet, from the Greek avaSv(s>, cmcrgenSj signifying 
ris'ng out of the water, is applied to the picture of Venus 
rising out of the sea, as originally painted by Apelles. I doubt 
not mat some, who only hear this word, without seein^it writ- 
ten, suppose it to mean „3/ino tho year of our Lord. 

XjJndronicua . — This word is uniformly pronounced by our 
prosodists with the penultimate accent ; and yet so averse is 
an English ear to placing the accent on the penultimate t, that 
by all English scholars we hear it placed upon the antepenul- 


timate syllable. Tiiat this was the pronunciation of this 
word in (iueen Elizabeth’s time, appears plainly from tho 
tragedy of Titiis Andronicus^ said to be written by Shak- 
s|)eare ; in which wo every where find the antepenultimato 
pronunciation adopted. It may indeed he questioned, v/hether 
Shakspeare’s learning extended to a knowledge of the quan- 
tity of this Grceco-Latin word ; but, as Mr. Steevens has Justly 
observed, there is a greater number of classical allusions iii 
this play than are scattered over all the rest of the perform- 
ances on which the seal of Shakspeare is indubitably fixed ; 
and therefore it may be presumed that the author could not bo 
ignorant of the Greek and Latin pronunciation of this word, 
but followed the received English pronunciation of his timo , 
and which by all but professed scholars is still contiuued.— 
See SoPHROMteus. 


954 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


AO 

An-tho'res 
An-tlira^ci-a 10 
An-thro-pi'nus 
An-thro-poph'a-gi 
An-thyl'la 
An-ti-a-ni'ra 
An'ti-as 10 
An-ti-cle'a 
An'ti-cles 
An-ti-cli'des 
An-tic'ra-gus 
An-tic'ra-tes 
An-tic'y-ra 
An-tid'o-tus 
An-tid'o-mus 
An-tig'e-nes 
An-ti-gen'i-das 
An-tig'o-na 
An-tig^o-ne 
An-ti-go'ni-a 
An-tig'o-aus 
An-til'co 
An-ti-lib'a-nus 
An-til'o-chus 
An-tim'a-chu3 
An-tim'e-nes 
An-ti-nce'i-a 5 
An-ti-nop'o-lis 
An-tin'o-us 
An-ti-o'chi-a, or 
An-ti-o-chi^a* 29 
Jln'ti-och (Eng.) 
An-ti'o-chis 
An-ti'o-chus 
An-ti'o-pe 8 
An-ti-o'rus 
An-tip'a-ter 
An-ti-pa'tri-a 
An-ti-pat'ri-das 
An-tip'a-tris 
An-tiph'a-nes 
An-tiph'a-tes 
An-tiph'i-lus 
An'ti-phon 
An-tiph'o-nus 
An'ti-phu3 
An-ti-pcB'nus 5 
An-tip'o-lis 
An-tis'sa 
An-tis'the-nes 
An-tis'ti-us 
An-tith'e-us 
An'ti-um 10 
An-tom'e-ncs 
An-to'ni-a 
An-to'ni-i 3 4 
An-to-ni'na 
An-to-niAu3 
An-to-ni-op'o-lis 
An-to'ni-us, M. 
An-tor'i-des 
A-nu'bis 
An'xi-us 
An'xur 
An'y-ta 
An'y-tus 
An-za'be 8 
A-ob'ri-ga 
A-ol'li-u8 
A'on 
A^o-nes 
A-o'ris 
A-or'nos 


AP 

AR 

AR 

A-o'ti 

Ap'si-pus 

Ar-chib^i-us 

A-pa'i-tse 

Ap'te-ra 20 

Ar-chi-da'mi-a 29 

A-pa'ma 7 

Ap-u-le'i-a 

Ar-chi-da^mus,l| or 

A-pa'me 8 

Ap-u-le'i-us 

Ar-chid'a-mus 

Ap-a-me'a 

A-pu'li-a 

Ar'chi-das 

Ap-a-mi'a 

Ap-u-sid^a-mus 

Ar-chi-de'mus 

A-par^ni 

A-qua'ri-us 

Ar-chi-de'us 

Ap-a-tu'ri-a 

Aq-ui-la^ri-a 

Ar-chid'i-um 

Ap-e-au'ros 

Aq-ui-le'i-a 

Ar-chi-gaPlus 

A-pel'la 

A-quiPi-us 

Ar-chig'e-nes 

A-pel'les 

A-quiPli-a 

Ar-chiPo-cus 

A-pel'li-con 

Aq'ui-lo 

Ar-chi-me'des 

Ap-en-ni^nus 

Aq-ui-lo'ni-a 

Ar-chi'nus 

A'per 

A-quin'i-us 

Ar-chi-pePa-gus 

Ap-e-ro'pi-a 

A-qui'num 

Ar-chip'o-lis 

Ap'e-sus 

Aq-ui-ta'ni-a 

Ar-chip'pe 

Aph'a-ca 

A'ra 17 

Ar-chip'pus 

A-phae'a 

Ar-a-bar'ches 

Ar-chi'tis 

A'phar 

Ar-a'bi-a 

Ar'chon 

Aph-a-re'tus 

A-rab'i-cus 

Ar-chon^tes 

Aph-a-re^us 

Ar^a-bis 

Ar'chy-lus 6 

Alphas 1 

Ar'abs 

Ar'chy-tas 

A-phePlas 

Ar'a-bus 

Arc-ti'nus 

Aph'e-sas 

A-rac'ca, or 

Arc-toph'y-lax 

Aph'e-tae 

A-rec'ca 

Arc'tos 

Aph'i-das 4 

A-rach'ne 

Arc-to'us 

A-phid'na 

Ar-a-cho'si-a 

Arc-tu'rus ^ 

A-phid'nus 

Ar-a-cho'tae 

Ar'da-lus 

Aph-oe-be'tus 

Ar-a-cho'ti 

Ar-da'ni-a 

A-phri'ces 1 

A-rac'thi-as 

Ar-dax-ahiu3 

Aph-ro-dis'i-a 

Ar-a-ciPlum 

Ar'de-a 

Aph-ro-di'sum 1 

Ar-a-co'si-i 4 

Ar-de-a'tes 

Aph-ro-di'te 8 

Ar-a-cyn'thus 4 

Ar-de-ric'ca 

A-phy'te 8 

Ar'a-dus 

Ar-di-ae'i 4 

A'pi-a 14 7 

A'rae 17 

Ar-do'ne-a 

A-pi-a'nus 

A'rar 17 

Ar-du-en'na 

Ap-i-ca'ta 

Ar'a-rus 

Ar-du-ibie 

A-pic'i-us 24 

Ar-a-thyr'e-a 

Ar-dy-en'ses 

A-pid'a-nus 

A-ra'tus 

Ar^dys 

Ap'i-na 

A-rax'os 

A-re-ac'i-du3 

A-pi'o-la 

Ar-ba'ces, or Ar^ba-cesJ 

A-re'a 

A'pi-on 1 

Ar-be'la 

A're-as 

A'pis 

Ar'be-la$ 

A-reg'o-nis 

A-pit'i-u3 24 

Ar'bis 

Ar-e-la'tum 

A-pol 4i-na'res 

Ar-bo-ca'la 

A-rePli-us 

A-pol-li-na'ris 

Ar-bus'cu-la 

Ar-e-mor'i-ca 

Ap-ol-lin'i-dos 

Ar-ca'di-a 

A're 

A-poPli-nis 

Ar-ca'di-us 

A-re'ne 

A-poPlo 

Ar-cahium 

A-ren'a-cum 

Ap-ol-locha-tes 

Ar'cas 

Ar-e-op-a-gi'tes 

A pol-lo-do'rus 

Ar'ce-na 

Ar-e-op'a-gusIT 

Ap-ol-lo'ni-a 

Ar'cens 

A-res't33 

Ap-ol-lo'ni-as 

Ar-ces-i-la'us 

A-res'tha-nas 

A-pol-lo-ni'a-des 

Ar-ce'si-us 10 

A-res-tor'i-des 

Ap-ol-lon'i-des 

Ar-chee'a 

A're-ta 

Ap-ol-lo'ni-u3 

Ar-chae'a-nax 

Ar-e-tse^us 

Ap-ol-loph'a-nes 

Ar-chse-at'i-das 

Ar-e-taph'i-la 

A-po-my-i'os 

Arch-ag'a-thus 

Ar-e-ta'les 

A-po-ni-a'na 7 

Ar-chan'dor 

A-re'te 

A-po'ni-us, M. 

Ar-chan'dros 

A-re'tes 

Ap'o-nus 

Ar'che 12 

Ar-e-thu^sa 

Ap-os-tro'phi-a 

Ar-cheg'e-tes 24 

Ar-e-ti'num 

A-poth-e-o'sisf 

Ar-che-la'us 

Ar^e-tus 

Ap-o-the' o-sis 

Ar-chem'a-chus 

A're-us 

Ap'pi-a Vi'a 

Ar-chem'o-rus 

Ar-gae'us 

Ap-pi'a-des 

Ar-chep'o-lis 

Ar'ga-lus 

Ap-pi-a'nus 

Ar-chep-toPe-nius 

Ar-gath'o-na 

Ap'pi-i Fo'rum 

Ar-ches'tra-tus 

Ar-ga-tho^ni-u» 

Ap'pi-us 

Ar-che-ti'mus 

Ar^ge 9 

Ap'pu-la 

Ar-che'ti-us 10 

Ar-ge'a 

A’pri-es 

Ar'chi-a 

Ar-ge-a'thao 

A'pri-us .T. 

Ar'chi-as 

Ar-gen'num 

Ap-sin'thi-i 4 

Ar-chi-bi'a-des 4 

Ar'ges 


AR 

Ar-ges'tra-tu3 

Ar-ge'us 

Ar'gi 9 3 

Ar-gi'a 

Ar'gi-as 

Ar-gi-le'tum 

Ar-gil'i-us 

Ar-giMu3 

Ar'gi-lus 

Ar-gi-nu'sae 

Ar-gi'o-pe 

Ar-gi-phon'tes 

Ar-gip'po-i 3 

Ar-gi'va 

Ar-gi'vi 3 

Jlr'givcs** (Eng.) 

Ar'gi-us 

Ar'go 

Ar-gol'i-cus 
Ar'go-lis 
Ar'gon 
Ar-go-nau't(s 
Ar-go'us 
Ar'gus 
Ar-gyn'nis 
Ar-gy'ra 
Ar-gy-ras'pi-iles 
Ar'gy-re 
Ar-gyr'i-pa 
A'ri-a 
A-ri-ad'ne 
A-ri-aj'us 
A-ri-a'ni, or 
A-ri-e'ni 
A-ri-ambie3 
A-ri-an'tas 
A~ri-a-ra'thes 
Ar-ib-bae'us 5 
A-ric'i-a 24 
Ar-i-cibia 
Ar-i-dse'us 
A-ri-e'nis 
Ar-i-gse'um 
A-ri'i 4 
Ar'i-ma 
Ar-i-mas'pi 3 
Ar-i-mas'pi-as 
Ai-i-mas'thaB 
Ar-i-ma'zes 
Ar'i-mi 3 
A-rim'i-num 
A-rim'i-nus 
Ar-im-phse'i 
Ar'i-nius 
A-ri-o-bar-za'nes 
A-ri-o-man'des 
A-ri-o-niar'dus 
A-ri-o-me'des 
A-ri'on 28 
A-ri-o-vis'tus 21 
A^ris 
A-ris'ba 
Ar-is-tsen'e-tus 
Ar-is-tse'um 
Ar-is-ta8'us 
Ar-is-tag'o-ras 
Ar-is'tan'der 
Ar-is-tan'dros 
Ar-is-tar'che 
Ar-is-tar'chus 
Ar-is-ta-za'nes 
A-ris'te-as 
A-ris'te-rse 


* Antiochia. — For words of this termination, see Iphige- 
NiA,and No. 30 of the Rules prefixed to this Vocabulary. 

\ Apotheosis. — When we are reading Latin or Greek, this 
word ought to have the accent on the penultimate syllable ; 
but in pronouncing English, we should accent the antepenulti- 
mate : 

Allots the prince of his celestial line 
An apotheosis and rites divine. — Garth. 

\Arhaces. — Lempriere, Gouldman, Gesner, and Littleton, 
accent this word on the first syllable, but Ainsworth and Hol- 
yoke on the second ; and this is so much more agreeable to an 
English ear, that I should prefer it, though I have, out of re- 
spect to authorities, inserted the other, that the reader may 
choose which he pleasea.; Labbe has not got this word. 

<^ Arbela, the city of Assyria, where the decisive battle was 
fought between Alexander and Darius, and the city in Pales- 
tine of that name, have the accent on the penultimate ; but 
Arbela^ a town in Sicily, has the accent on the antepenulti- 
mate syllable. 

^ Archidamus. — Ainsworth, Gouldman, Littleton, and Hol- 


yoke, place the accent on the antepenultimate syllable of this 
word, but Lempriere and Labbe on the penultimate. I have 
followed Lempriere and Labbe, though, in my oj)inion, wrong ; 
for, as every Avord of this termination has the antepenultimate 
accent, as Polydamas., Theodanias, &c. , I know not Avhy this 
should be different. Though Labbe tells us, that the learned 
are of his opinion. 

IT Areopagus. — Labbe tells us, that the penultimate syllable 
of this Avord is beyond all controA'ersy short — quidquid nonnulli 
in tantsL luce etiamnum caecutiant. — Some of these blind men 
are, Gouldman, Holyoke and Littleton ; — but Lempriere and 
Ainsworth, the best authorities, agree Avith Labbe. 

** Ar gives. — I have observ'ed a strong propensity in school- 
boys to pronounce the g in these words hard, as in the English 
Avord give. This is, undoubtedly, because their masters do so j 
and they Avill tell us, that the Greek gamma should always bo 
pronounced hard in the words from that language. What, 
then, must Ave alter that long catalogue of Avords Avhere this 
letter occurs, as in Genesis, genius, Diogenes, xS^gyptus, &c. I 
— The question ansAvers itself. 


95^5 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


AR 

A-ris^te-us 
A-ris'the-nes 
A-ris'thus 
Ar-is-ti'bus 
Ar-is-ti'des 
Ar-is-tip'pus 
A-ris'ti-us 
A-ris'ton 
Ar-is-to-bu'la 
Ar-is-to-bu'lus* 
Ar-is-to-cle'a 
A-ris'to-cles 
A-ris-to-cli'des 
Ar-is-toc'ra-tes 
Ar-is-to'cre-on 
Ar-is-toc'ritus 
A-ris-to-de'mus 
Ar-is-tog'e-nes 
Ar-is-to-gi'ton 
Ar-is-to-la'u3 
Ar-is-tom'a-che 
Ar-i s-tom 'a-chus 
Ar-is-to-me'dcs 
Ar-is-tom'e-nes 
A-ris-to-nau't88 
Ar-is-to-ni'cus 
A-ris'to-nus 
Ar-is-ton'i-des 
Ar-is-ton'y-mus 
Ar-is-toph'a-nea 
A-ris-to-phi-li'des 
A-ris'lo-phon 
A-ria'tor 
Ar-is-tor^i-des 
Ar-is-tot'e-les 
jlr'is-to-tle (Eng.) 
Ar-is-to-ti'inus 
Ar-i s-tox'e-nus 
A-ris'tus 
Ar-is-tyl'lus 
A'ri-U3 
Ar'me-ne3 
Ar-me'ni-a 
Ar-men-ta'ri-U3 
Ar-mil'la-tus 
Ar-mi-lus'tri-um 
Ar-min'i-us 
Ar-mor'i-csB 
Ar'ne 8 
Ar'ni 3 
Ar-no' bi-US 
Ar'nus 
Ar'o-a 
Ar^o-ma 
Ar'pa-ni 
Ar'pi 3 
Ar-pi'num 
Ar-rffi'i 3 
Ar-rah-boe^ua 
Ar'ri-a 
Ar-ri-a'nus 
Ar'ri-us 
Ar-run'ti-us 10 
Ar-sa'bes 
Ar-sa'ces, orAr'sa 
Ar-sac'i-d® 
Ar-sam'e-nes 
Ar-sam'e-tes 
Ar-sam-o-sa'ta 
Ar-sa^nes 
Ar-sa'ni-as 
Ar-se'na 
Arises 
Ar'si-a 
Ar-si-dsB'us 
Ar-sin'o -0 
Ar-ta-ba'nus 
Ar-ta-ba'zus 
Ar'ta-bri 3 
Ar-ta-bri't£B 
Ar-ta-cae'as 
Ar-ta-cfe'na 
Ar'ta-ce 


AS 

Ar-ta-ce'ne 
Ar-ta'ci-a 
Ar-tae'i 3 
Ar-tag'e-ras 
Ar-ta-ger'ses 
Ar-ta'ncs 
Ar-ta-pher^ies 
Ar-ta'tus 
Ar-ta-vas'des 
Ar-tax'a 
Ar-tax'a-ta 
Ar-ta-xerx'es 
Ar-tax'i-as 
Ar-ta-yc'tes 
hAr-ta-yn'ta 
Ar-ta-yu'tes 
\r-tem-ba'res 
Ar-tem-i-do'rus 
Ar'te-mig^ 
Ar-te-mis'i-a 11 
Ar-te-mis'i-um 
Ar-te-mi^ta$ 
Ar'te-mon 
Arth'mi-U3 
Ar-te'na 
Ar-tim^pa-sa 
Ar-to-bar-za'nes 
Ar-toch'mes 
Ar-to''na 
Ar-ton'tes 
Ar-to^ni-us 
Ar-tox'a-res 
Ar-tu'ri-us 
Ar-ty^nes 
Ar-tyn'i-a 
Ar-tys'to-na 
Ar'u-aB 
A-ru^ci 
A-ru'e-ris 
A' runs 1 
A-run'ti-us 10 
Ar-u-pi'nus 
Ar-va'les 
Ar-ver'ni 
Ar-vir'a-gus 
Ar-vis'i-um 
Ar-vi'sus 
Arx'a-ta 
Ar-y-an'des 
Ar'y-bas 
Ar-yp-taj'us 
A-san'der 
As-ba-me'a 
As-bes'tffi 
As'bo-lus 
As-bys'tee 
As-cal'a-phug 
As'ca-lon 
As-ca'ni-a 
As-ca'ni-us 
As-ci^i 3 
As-cle^pi-a 
As-cle-pi'a-des 
As-cle-pi-o-do'rus 
-ces| I As-cle-pi-o-do'tus 
As-cle'pi-us 
As-cle-ta'ri-on 
As'clus 
As-co'li-a 

As-co'ni-us La'be-o 
As'cra 
As'cu-lum 
AsMni-bal 
A-selMi-c) 

A'si-a 10 11 
A-si-at'i-cus 
A-si'las 
As-i-na'ri-a 
As-i-na'ri-us 
As'i-na 
As'i-ne 
As'i-nes 

A-sin'-i-us Gal'lus 


AT 

A'si-us 11 
As-na'us 
-so'phis 
A-so'pi-a 
As-o-pi'a-des 
-so'pis 
-so'pus 
As-pam'i-thres 
As-pa-ra'gi-um 
As-pa'si-a 11 
As-pa-si'ru3 
As-pas'tes 
As-pa-thi'nes 
As-pinMus 
As'pis 
As-plo'don 
As-po-re'nus 4 
As'sa 

As-sa-bi'nus 

As-sar'a-cus 

As-se-ri'ni 3 

As'so-rus 

As' SOS 

As-syr'i-a 

As'ta 

As-ta-coB^ni 5 

As'ta-cus 

As'ta-pa 

As'ta-pus 

As-tar'te 8 

As'ter 

As-te'ri-a 

As-te'ri-on 

As-te'ri-us 

As-te-ro'di-a 

As-ter-o-pae'u3 

As-ter'o-pe 

As-te-ro'pe-a 

As-ter-u'si-us 11 

As-tin'o-me 

As-ti'o-chus 

As'to-mi 3 

As-trae'a 

As-trae'us 

As'tu 

As'tur 

As'tu-ra 

As'tu-res 

As-ty'a-ge 

As-ty'a-ges 

As-ty'a-lus 

As-ty'a-nax 

As-ty-cra'ti-a 10 

As-tyd'a-mas 

As-ty-da-mi'a 30 

As'ty-lus 

As-tym-e-du'sa 

As-tyn'o-me 

As-tyn'o-mi 

As-tyn'o-us 

As-ty'o-che 

As-ty-o-chi'a 30 

As-ty-pa-lse'a 

As-typh'i-lus 

As-ty'ron 

As'y-chis 

A-sy'las 

A-syl'lus 

A-tab'u-lus 

At-a-by'ris 

At-a-by-ri'te 6 

At'a-ce 8 

At-a-lan'ta 

At-a-ran'tes 

A-tar'be-chis 11 

A-tar'ga-tis 

A-tar'ne-a 

A'tas, and A'thai 

A'tax 

A^te 8 

A-tel'la 

At'e-na 

I At-e-no-ma'rus 


AU 

Ath-a-ma'nes 
Ath'a-mas 
Ath-a-m an-ti 'a-des 
Ath-a-na'si-us 10 
Ath'a-nis 
A'the-as 
A-the'na 
A-the'nae 8 
Ath-e-nso'a 
Ath-e-nae'um 
Ath-e-naj'us 
Ath-e-nag'o-raa i 
Ath-e'na-is 
A-the'ni-on 
A-then'o-cles 
Ath-en-o-do'rus 
A'tlie-09 
Ath'e-sis 
A'thos 1 
Ath-rul'la 
A-thym'bra 
A-ti'a 11 
A-til'i-a 
A-til'i-us 
A-til'la 
A-ti'na 
A-ti'nas 
A-tin'i-a 
At-lan'tes 
At-lan-ti'a-des 
At-lan'ti-des 
At'las 
A-tos'sa 
At'ra-ces 
At-ra-myt'ti-um 
At'ra-pes 
A'trax 1 
At-re-ba'tae 
At-re-ba'tesTT 
At-re'ni 
At're-us 
A-tri'do3 
A-tri'des 
A-tro'ni-us 
At-ro-pa-te'ne 
At-ro-pa'ti-a II 
At'ro-pos 19 
At'ta 
At-ta'li-a 
At'ta-lus 
At-tar'ras 
At-te'i-us Cap'i-to 
At'tes 
At'this 
At'ti-ca 
At'ti-cus 
At-ti-da'tG3 
At'ti-la 
At-til'i-us 
At-ti'nas 

At'ti-us Pe-lig'nus 
At-u-at'i-ci 4 
A'tu-bi 3 
A-ty'a-dae 
A'tys 1 

Au-fe'i-a a 'qua 
Au-fi-de'na 
Au fid'i-a 
Au-fid'i-us * 

Au'fi-dus 
Au'ga, and Au'gs 
Au-ge'a 
Au'ga-rus 
Au'ge-ae 
Au'gi-as, and Au'ge-as 
Au'gi-la3 
Au-gi'nus 
Au'gu-res 
Au-gus'ta 
Au-gus-ta'li-a 
Au-gus-ti'nus 
Au-giis'tin (Eng.) 
Au-gus'tu-lus 


BA 

Au-gus'tus 

Au-les'tes 

Au-le'tes 

Au'lis 

Au'lon 

Au-lo'ni-us 

Au'lus 

Au'ras 

Au-re'li-a » 
Au-re-li-a'nus 
Jiu-^e'li-an (Eng.) 
Au-re'li-us 
Au-re'o-lus 
Au-ri'go 
Au-rin'i-a 
Au-ro'ra 
Au-run'ce 8 
Au-r un-cu-le ' i-us 
Aus-c.hi'sae 12 
Aus'ci 3 
Au'ser 
Au'se-ris 
Au'ses 
Au'son 
Au-so'ni-a 
Au-so'ni-us 
Au'spi-ces 
Aus'ter 
Aus-le'si-on 
Au-to-bu'lus, or 
At-a-bu'lus 
Au-ta-ni'tis 
Au-toch'tho-ne.9 
Au'to-clos 
Au-toc'ra-tes 
Au-to-cre'ne 8 
Au-tol'o-JsB 
Au-tol'y-cus 
Au-tom'a-te 
Au-tom'e-don 
Au-to-me-du'sa 
Au-tom'e-nes 
Au-tom'o-li 
Au-ton'o-e 
Au-toph-ra-da'tes 
Au-xc'si-a 11 
Av-a-ri'cum 
A-vel'la 
Av-en-ti'nus 
A-ver'nus, or A-ver'na 
A-ves'ta 
A-vid-i-e'nus 
A-vid'i-us Cas'si-u» 
Av-i-e'nus 
A'vi-um 
Ax'e-nus 
Ax-i'o-chus 
Ax-i'on 29 
Ax-i-o-ni'cu8 30 
Ax-i-o'te-a 
Ax-i-o'the-a 
Ax 'i-us 

Ax'ur, and An'xur 
Ax'us \ 

A'zan 1 
A-zi'ris 
Az'o-nax 
A-zo'rus 11 
A-zo'tus , 


s. 

BA-BIL'I-US 

Bab'i-lus 

Bab'y-lon 

Bab-y-lo'ni-a 

Bab-y-lo'ni-i 4 

Ba-byr'sa 

Ba-byt'a-ce 

Bac-a-ba'sus 

Bac'chffi 


♦ Aristob'ulus, Pei'ry. 

t Arsaces. — Gouldman, Lempriere, Holyoke, and Labbe, 
accent this word on the first syllable, and unquestionably not 
without classical authority ; but Ainsworth, and a still great- 
er authority, general usage, have, in my opinion, determined 
the accent of tliis word on the second syllable. 

I" Artemis . — 

“ The sisters to Apollo tune their voice. 

And, Artemis, to thee, whom darts rejoice.’^ 

Cooke’s Hesiod. Theog. v. 17. 


Artemita . — Ainsworth places the accent on the antepe- 
nultimate syllable of this word ; but Lempriere, Gouldman, 
and Holyoke, more correctly, in my opinion, on the penulti- 
mate. 

w 

IT Atrehates . — Ainsworth accents this word on the antepe- 
nultimate syllable ; but Lempriere, Gouldman, Holyoke, and 
Labbe, on the penultimate ; and this is, in my opinion, the 
better pronunciation. 


9 

956 GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


BA 

BE 

BO 

BU 

CJE 

Cac-cha-na'Ii-a 

Bas'.sa-ris 

Bi'a 

Bo-no'si-us 

Bu'di-i 3 

Bac-chan'les 

Bas'sns Au-fidM-us 

Bi-a'norf 

Bo~no^zhe-us 

Bu-di'ni 3 

Bdc'chi 3 

Bas-tar'n®, and 

Bi'as 

Bo-o-su'ra 

Bu-do'rum 

Bac-chi'a-dae 

Bas-iern® 

Bi-bac'u-lu.s 

Bo-o'tes 

Bu'lis 

1 ac'chi-des 

Bas'ti-a 

Bib'a-ga 

Bo-o'tus, and Bce^o-tus 

Bul-la'ti-u3 10 

Bac'chis 

Ba'ta 

Bib'Ji-a, and Bil'li-a 

Bo're-a 

Bu'ne-a 

Bac'chi-um 

Ba-ta'vi 

Bib'lis 

Bo-re'a-des 

Bu'nus 

Buc'chi-us 

Ba'thos 

Bib-li'na 

Bo're-as 

Bu'po-lus 

Bac chus 

Bath'y-cles 

Bib'lus 

Bo-re-as^mi 3 

Bu'pha-gus 

Bac-chvl'i-des 

Ba-thyMus 

Bi-brac'te 

Bo're-us 

Bu-pho'ni-a 

Ba-ce'nis 

Bat-i-u'tus 

Bib'u-lus 

Bor'ges 

Bu-pra'si-um 

Ba'cis 

Ba'ti-a 11 

Bi'ces 

Bor-go'di 

Bu'ra 

Dac'tra 

Ba-ti'na, and Ban-ti'na 

Bi'cou 

Bor'nos 

Bu-ra'i-cus 

B.ic'tri, and 

Ba'tis 

Bi-cor'ni-ger 

Bor-sip'pa 

Bur'rhus 

B.ac-tri-a'ni 4 

Ba'to 

Bi-cor'nis 

Bo'ius 

Bur'.sa 

Bac-tri-a'na 

Ba'ton 

Bi-for'mis 

Bo-rys'the-nes 

Bur'si-a 

Bac'tros 

Bat-ra-cho-my-o-mach'- 

Bi'frons 

Bos'pho-rus 

Bu's® 

Bafl'a-ca 

i-a 

Bil'bi-lis 

Bot'ti-a 

Pu-si'ria 

Ba'di-a 

Bat-ti'a-des 

Bi-ma'ter 

Bot-ti-®'is 

Buha 

Ba'di-us 

Bat'tis 

Bin'gi-um 

Bo-vi-a'num 

Bu'te-o 

BaJ-u-hen'nae 

Bat'tus 

Bi'ou 

Bo-vil'l® 

Bu'tes 

Bx'bi-u.s, M. 

Bat'u-lum 

Bir'rhus 

Brach-ma'nes 

Bu-thro'tum 

P.EB'tis 

Bat'u-lus 

Bi-sal'tso 

Br®'si-a 

Bu-thyr'e-us 

BfB ton 

Ba-tvl lus 

Bi-sal'tes 

Bran-chi'a-des 

Bu'to-a 

Ba-gis'ta-me 

Bau'bo 

Bi-sal'tis 

Bran'chi-d® 

Bu'tos 

Ba-gis'ta-nes 

Bau'eis 

Bi-san'the 

Bran-chyl'li-des 

Bra'si-ffi 

Bu-tor'i-des 

Ba-gu'as, and Ba*go'sas 

Bau'li 3 

Bis’ton 

Bu-tun'tum 

Bag-i'-da'res 

Ba'vi-us 

Bis'to-nis 

Bras'i-das 

Bu'tus 

Ba-gopli'a-nes 

Baz-a-en'tes 

Bi'thus 

Bras-i-dc'i-a 

Bu-zy'gcs 
Bvb-le'si-a, and 

Bagra-da 

Ba-za'ri-a 

Bith'v-ffi 

Brau're 

Ba';-a3 

Be'bi-us 

Bi-lhyn'i-a 

Bit'i-as 

Brau'ron 

By-bas'si-a 

BaMa 

Bo-bri'a-cum 

Bren'ni, and Breu'ni 

Byb'!i-a 

Ba-la^crus 

Beb'ry-ce 6 

Bi'ton 

Bren'nus 

Byb'li-i 4 

Bal a-na^grs9 

Beb'rv-ces, and 

Bi-tu'i-tus 

Bren'the 

Byb'lis 

Ba-lahius 

Be-brvc'i-i 4 

Bi-tun'tum 

Bresci-a 

Byl-li'o-ncs 

Ba-la'ri 

Bc-brvc'i-a 

Bi-tur'i-ges 

Bret'ti-i 3 

Bvr'rbus 

Bal-bil'lus 

Bel-e-mi'na 

Bi-tur'i-cum 

Bri-a're-us 

Byr'sa 

Bal-bi'nus 

Bel-e-phan'tes 

Biz'i-a 

Bri'as 

By-za'ci-um 

Bal'bus 

Bel 'e-sis 

Blee'na 

Bri-gan'tes 

Byz-an-ti'a-cus 

Bal-c-a'res 

Bel'sr® 

BIm'si-i 4 

Brig-a:>-ti'nu» 

Bv-zan'ti-um 

Ba-lo'ius 

Bel'gi-ca 

Blffi'sns 

Bri'ino 

By'zas 

Ba'li-us 

Bel'gi-um 

Bel'gi-us 

Blan-de-no'na 

Bri-se'is 

By-ze'nus 

Ba-lis'ta 

Blan-du'si-a 

Bri'ses 

Byz'e-res 

Bal-lon'o-ti 3 
Bal-venhi-us 10 
BaPy-ras 
Bam-u-ru'as 

Bel'i-des, plural 
Be-li'des, sin^lar 
Be-lis'a-ma 
Bel-i-sahi-us 

Blas-to-phce-ni'ces 
Blem'm)'-es 
BJe-ni'na 
Elit'i-us 10 

Bri-se'us 
Bri-tan'ni 
Bri-tan'ni-a 
Bri-tan'ni-cus 30 

Byz'i-a 

Ban'ti-se 4 
Ban'ti-us, L. 10 

Bel-is-ti'da 

Bel'i-t® 

Blu'ci-um 10 
Bo-a-die'e-a 

Brit-o-mar'tis 

Brit-o-ma'rus 

c. 

Baph'v-rus 6 

Bel-ler'o-phon 

Bo'ffi, and Bo^o a 

Brit'o-nes| 

CA-AN'THC3 

Bap^t® 

Bel-le'rus’f 

Bo-a'gri-us 

Brix-el'lum 

Cab'a-des 20 

Ba-r®'i 

Bel-li-e'nus 

Bo-ca'li-as 

Brix'i-a 

Cab'a-les 20 

Bar'a-thrum 

Bel-lo'na 

Boe'ear 

Bri'zo 

Ca-bal'i-i 4 

Bar'ba-ri 

Bel-lo-na'ri-i 4 

Boc'cho-ris 

Broc-u-be'lus 

Cab-al-li'nura 

Bar-ba'ria 

Bel-lov^a-ci 

Boe'ebus 

Bro'mi-us 

Cab-a-li'nu8 

Bar-lx>s'the*nes 

Bel-lo-ve'su3 

Bo-du'ni 

Bro'mus 

Ca-bar'nos 

Bar-byth'a-ce 

Be'lon 

Bo-du-ag-na^tus 

Bron'tes 

Ca-bas'sus 

Bar ca 

Be'lus 

Bce-be'is 

Bron-ti'nus 

Ca-bel'li-o 4 

Bar-cffi'i, or Bar'ci-t» 

Be-na'cus 

Boe'bi-a 

Bro'te-as 

Ca-bi'ra 

Bargee 

Ben'dis 

Bo-e-dro'mi-a 

Bro'the-us 

Ca*bi'ri 3 

Bar'clia 

Ben e-d id ^i-unr 

Boe-o-tar'ch® 

Bruc'te-ri 4 

Ca-bir'i-a 

Bar-d®'i 

Ben-e-ven'tum 

Bo?-o'ti-a 

Bru-ma'li-a 

Ca-bu'ra 7 

Bar'di 

Ben-the-sic'y-me 

Bffi-o'tus 

Brun-du'si-um 

Cab'u-rus 20 

Bar-dvl'lis 

Be-pol-i-ta'nus 

Bcfi-or-o-bis'tas 

Bru-tid'i-u3 

Ca'ca 

Ba-re'a 

Ber'bi-c® 

Bo-e'thi-us 

Bru'ti-i 4 

Cach'a-les 20 

Ba're-as So-ra'nus 

Ber-e-cvn'thi-a 

Bo'e-tus 

Bru'tu-lus 

Ca'cus 

Bu'res 

Ber-e-ni'ce 30 

Bo'e-us 

Bru'tus 

Ca-cu'this 

Bar-gu'si-i 3 

Ber-e-ni'eis 

Bo'ges 

Bo'gud 

Brv'as 

Ca-cvp'a-ris 

Ba-ri'ne 

Ber'gi-on 

Bry-ax'Is 

Ga'di 3 

Ba-ris'ses 

Ber-gis'ta-ni 

Bo'gus 

Bry'ce 

Cad-me'a 

Ba'ri-um 

Be'ris, and Ba'ris 

Bo'i-i 3 

Bry'ges 

Cad-me'is 

Bar'nu-us 

Ber'mi-us 

lo-joc'a-lu3 

Bry'gi 3 5 

Cad'raus 

Bar-si'ne, and Bar-se'ne 

Ber'o-e 

' ^o'la 

Brv'se-a 

Ca'dra 7 

Bar-za-en'tes 

Be-roe'a 

lol'be 

Bu-ba-ce'no 

Ca-du'ce-us 10 

Bar-za'nes 

Ber-o-ni'ce 30 

Bol-bi-ti'nura 

Pu-ba'ces 

Ca-dur'ei 3 

Bas-i-le'a 

Be-ro'sus 

lol'gi-us 

Bu'ba-ris 

Ca-dus'ei 

Bas-i-li'dffi 

Bcr-rhce'a 

lo-ii'na 

Bu-bas-ti'a-cus 

Cad'y-tis 

Bas-i-li'des 

Be^sa 

lol-i-ns'us 

Bu'ba-.sus 

C’ae'a 7 

Ba-si l-i-o-pot'a-mo8 

Be-sid'i-ffl 

lo-lis'sus 

Bu'bon 

Cae'ei-as 10 

BasM-lis 

Be-sip'po 

3ol-la'nus 

Bu-ceph'a-la 

Ca}-cil'i-a 

Ba-si I'i-U3 31 

Bes'si 3 

Bo'lus 

Bu-ceph'a-lus 

Cge-cil-i-a'nus 

Bas'i-lus 

Bes'sus 

3om-i-en'scs 

Bu-col'i-ca 

C®-cil'i-i 4 

Bas's® 

Bes'ti-a 

Bo-miBcar 

Bu-ccl'i-cum 

Cee-cil'i-us 

Bas-sa'ni-a 

Be'tis 

Bom-o-ni'eae 30 

Bu-co'li-ou j 

C®c'i-lu3 

Bas-sa' re-US 

Be-tu'ri-a 

Bo-no'r.i-a > 

Bu'co-lus j 

C®-ci'na Tus'eus 


* Bellerus . — All our lexicographers unite in giving this 
word the antepenultimate accent: but Milton seems to have 
sanctioned the penultimate, as much more agreeable to Eng- 
lish ears, in his Lycidas ; 

“Or whether thou, to our moist vows denied, 

Sleep’st by the fable of Bellerus old.” 

Though itmu.st lie acknowledged that Milton has in this word 
d«s6«U'd the classical pronunciation, yet his authority is suffi- 


cient to make us acquiesce in his accentuation in the above- 
mentioned passage. 

I Bianor . — Lempriere accents this word on the first sylla- 
ble ; but Labbe, Ainsworth, Gouldman, and Holyoke, on the 
second ; and these agree with Virgil, Eel. ix. v. CO. 

+ Britones , — Lnbbe tells us that this word is sometimes 
pronounced with the penultimate accent, but more frequently 
with the anteoenultimate. 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


957 


CA 

Caec'U“bum 

Caec'u-lus 

Cae-rlic'i-us 10 

Ceb li-a 

Ca?'li-U3 

Caein'a-ro 

Caj'ne 

CiE'ne-u3 

Cajn'i-deg 

Cai-ni'na 

Cje'nis 

CcB-not'ro-pa 

Cae'pi-o 

Ca>-ra'tU3 

Caj're, or C®'re3 

Cacr'e-si 3 

Cae'sar 

C*3-a-re'a 

Cx‘-sa'ri-on 

C^L-se'na 

Cae-sen'ni-as 

CiC-':e'ti-iis 10 

Cau'si-a 10 

C®'si-us 10 

Cae'so 

Cae-3o'ni-a 

C3B-30'ni-U3 

C®t o-brix 

C®t'u-laai 

CsB'yx 

Ca-ga'co 

Ca-i-ci'nus 

Ca-i CU3 

Ca-i-e ta 

Ca i-u5, and Ca'i-a 

Ca'i-U3 

Cal'ab er, d. 

Ca-la'bri-a 

Cal a-brus 

Cal-a-gur-rit'a-ni 

Cal'a-is 

Ca lag u-tis 

Cal a-mis 20 

Ca I-a-mi'sa 

Ca! a-mo3 

Cal'a-mu3 20 

Ca-la'iius 

Cal'a-on 

Cal a-rig 

Cal-a-tha^na 

Ca-la'thi-on 

Cal'a-thu3 
Cal'a-tes 20 
Ca-Ia'ti-a 
Ca-ia'ti-ce 10 
Cal-au-re'a, and 
Cal-au-ri'a 
Ca la'vi-i 4 
Ca-Ia'vi-U3 
Cal'bia 
Cal ce 
Cal chas 
Cal-clie-do'ni-a 
Cal-chinM-a 12 
Cabdus CEB'li-03 
CaMo 

Cal-o-do'ni-a 

Ca-lo'nus 

CaMes 

Ca-l«'3i-U3 10 
Cu-ly'«® 

Cal e-tor 20 
CaMsx 
Cal-i-ad'no 
Cal-i-ce'ni 
C i-Ii'l i-u3, M. 
Ca-lig'n-la, C. 

Cal i-pu3 
CaMis 

Cal-lsB3'chra3 

Cal-la i-ci 4 

Cal'la3 

Cal-la-te'bu3 

Cal-la te'ri-a 

Cal-le'ni 

Cabli-a 

Cal-li a-do3 

Cal'li-as 

Cal-Iib'i-na 

Cal-li-ce'rus 


CA 

Cal-lich'o-ru3 

Cal'li-cles 

Cal-li-co-lo'na 

Cal-lic'ra-tes 

Cal-hc-rat'i-das 

Cal-Iid'i-U3 

Cal-lid'ro-mus 

Cal-li-ge'lU3 

Cal-lim'a-chus 12 

Cal-lim'e-don 

Cal-lim'e-de3 

Cal-li'nu3 

Cal-li 'o-pe 8 

Cal-li-pa-ti'-ra 30 

Cal'li-phon 

Cal'li-phron 

Cal-lip i-dao 

Cal-lip'o-lis 

Ca* li-pus 

Cal-lip'y-ges 

Cal-lir'ho-e 8 

Cal-lis'te 

Cal-lis-teM-a 

Cal-lis'the-nes 

Cal-lis'to 

Cal-li3-to-ni'cu3 

Cal-lis'tra-tus 

Cal-lix'e-na 

Cal-lix'e-nu9 

Ca'lon 

Ca'lor 

Cal'pe 

Cal-phur*ni-a 
Cal-phur'ni-us 
('!al-pur'ni-a 
Cal-u-sid'i-us 
Cal-ii'si-um 10 
Cabvi-a 
Cal-vi'r»a 
Cal-vis'i-us 10 
Cal'y-be 8 
Cal-y-cad'nu3 
Cal'y-ce 8 
Ca-!yd'i-um 
Ca-lyd'na 
Cal'y-don 6 
Cal-y-do'nis 
Cal-y-do'ni-us 
Ca-lym'ne 
Ca-lyn'da 
Ca-lyp'so 
Ca-man'ti-um 10 
Cam-a-ri'na 
Cani-bau'les 
Cam'bes 
Cam'bre 
Cam-bubii-i 4 
Cam-by'ses 
Cam-o-la'ni 3 
Cam-e-li'l53 
Catn'e-ra 7 
Cam-e-ri'nuiij, and 
Ca-me'ri-utn 
Cam-e-ri'nus 
Ca-tner'li-uin 
Ca-mer'tes 
Ca-mil la 

Ca-mil'li, and Ca-mil'lsB 

Ca-mil lus 

Ca-mi'ro 

Ca-mi'ru9, andCa-mi'ra 

Cam is-sa rea 

Cam'ma 

Ca-moe'nee 

Cain-pa'na Lex 

Cam-pa'ni-a 

Cajn'pe 8 

Cam-pas'pe 

Camp'sa 

Cam'pu3 Mar'ti-U3 

Cam-u-lo-gi'nu3 

Ca'na 

Can'a-ce 

Can'a-che 10 

Can^a-chos 

Ca'nas 

Ca-na'ri-i 4 

Can-'a-thus 

Can'da-ce’*' 

Can-dauMes 


CA 

Can-da'vi-a 

Can-di'o-po 

Ca'nens 

Can-e-pho'ri-a 

Can'c-thum 

Ca-nic-u-la'res di^cs 

Ca-nid'i-a 

Ca-nid'i-us 

Ca-nin-e-fa'tes 

Ca-nin'i-us 

Ca-nis'ti-us 10 

Ca'ni-u3 

Can'n® 

Ca-nop'i-cum 

Ca-no'pu3 

Can'ta-bra 

Can'ta-bri 3 

Can-ta'bri-3B 4 

Can'tha-rus 20 

Can'thu3 

Caa'ti-urn 10 

Can-u-le'i-a 

Can-u-lo'i-u3 

Ca-nuMi-a 

Ca-nu'sl-um 10 

Ca-nu'?i-u3 

Ca-nu'ti-u3 10 

Cap'a-nsQs, 3 syll. 

Ca-peMa 

Ca-pe'na 

Ca-po'nas 

Ca-pe'ni 3 

Ca'per 

Ca-pe'tu3 

Ca-pha^re-us 

Caph'y-ae 4 

Ca'pi-o 4 

Cap-is-se'ne 

('ap'i-to 

Ca-pit-o-li*nu3 

Cap-i-to'Ii-um 

Cap-pa-do'ci-a 10 

Cap'pa-dox 

Ca-pra'ri-a 

Ca'pre-3B 

Cap-ri cor'nu3 

Cap-ri-fic-i-a'lia 

Ca-pri'na 

Ca-prip'e-des 

Ca'pri-U3 

Cap-ro-ti'na 

Ca'pru3 

Cap'sa 

Cap'sa-ge 

Cap'u-a 

Ca'pys 

Ca'pys Sybvi-us 
Car-a-bac'tra 
Car'a-bis 20 
Car-a-cabla 
Ca-rac a-tes 
Ca-rac'ta-cu3 
Ca'raj 
Ca-ra5'u3 
Car'a-lis 
('ar'a-nu3 20 
Ca-rau'si-U3 10 
Car'bo 

Car-che'don 12 

Car-c:'nu3 

Car-da'c63 

Car-dam'y-la 

Car'di-a 

Car-du'chi 12 3 

Ca'res 

Car'e-3a 

Ca-res'su3 

Car-fin'i-a 

Ca'ri-a 

Ca'ri-a3 

Ca-ri'a-te 

Ca-ri'na 

Ca-ri'nsB 

Car'i-ne 

Ca-ri'nus 

Ca-ris'sa-nura 

Ca-ris'tuin 

('ar-ma'ni-a 

Car-nia'nor 

Car'me 


CA 

Car-me'Ius 
Car-raen'ta, and 
Car-inen'tis 
Car-men-ta'les 
Car-mcn-la'li3 
Car'mwles 6 20 
Car'na Car-din‘e-a 
Car-na'si-us 10 
Car-ne'a-des 
Car-ne'i-a 
Car'ni-on 
Car'nus 
Car-nu'tes 
Car-pa'si-a 11 
Car-pa'si-um 11 
Car'pa-thus 
Car'pi-a 7 
Car'pi3 
Car'po 

Car-poph^o-ra 
Car-poph'o-ru3 
('ar'TEB, and Car-'rhaB 
Car-ri-na'tes 
Car-ru c.i 
Car-se'o-li 3 
Car-taMi-as 
Car-tliJB'a 

Car-tha-gin-i-en'ses 

Car-tha'go 

Car't/iage (Eng.) 

Car'tha-si3 

Car-te'i-a 

Ca'rus 

Car-vibi-us 

Ca'vy-a 6 7 

Car-y-a'tffi 

Car-y-a'ti3 

Ca-ry3'ti-u3 

Ca-rys'tu3 

Ca'ry-um 

Ca.s'ca 

Cas-celMi-U3 

Cas-i-li'num 

Ca-si'na Ca-si*num 

Ca'si-us 10 

Cas‘me-na: 

Cas-mil la 

Cas-pe'ri-a 

Cas-per'u-la 

Cas-pi-a'na 

Cas'pi-i 4 

Cas'pi-urn ma^re 

Cas-san-d.T^ne 

Cas-?anMer 

Cas-3an'dra 

Cas-isan'dri-a 

Cas'si-a 10 

Cas-si'o-pe 

Cas-si-o-pe^a 

Cas-3i-ter'i-<ln3 

Ca3 si-u3, C. 10 

Cas-si-ve-lau'nus 

Cas-so'tis 

Cas-tab a-la 

Cas'ta-biis 

Cas-ta'li-a 

Cas-taMi-U3 fons 

Ca.3-to'lu3 

Ca«-la'ne-a 

Cas-ti-a-ni'ra 

Cas'tor and PoMux 

Cas-tra'li-us IJ 

Cas tu-lo 

('at-a-du'pa 

Cat-a-men 'te-lea 

Cat'a-na 20 

Cat-a-o-ni-a 

Cat-a-rac'ta 

Cat'e-nes 

Ca-thse'a 

Catli'a-ri 3 

CVti-a 11 

Ca-li-e'na 

Ca-ti-e'nu3 

Cat-i-li'na 

Cat'i-line (Eng.) 

Ca-tiMi 3 

Ca-iil lu3, or Cat'i-lus 

Ca-fi'iia 

Ca'ti-us 10 


CE 

Cat'i-zi 3 

Ca'to 1 

Ca'lre-U3 

Cat'ta 

Cat'ti 3 

Cat-u-li-a'na 

Ca-tul lu3 

Cat'u-lu3 20 ^ 

(-au'ca-su3 

Cau'con 

Cau'co-nes 

Cau'di, and CauMi-tim 

Cau-lo'ni-a 

Cau'ni-U3 

Cau'nu3 

Cau'ros 

Cau'rus 

Ca'us 

Cav-a-riPlas 

Cav-a-ri'mw 

Ca'vi-i 3 

Ca-y'ci 3 6 

Ca-y'cu3 

Ca-ys'ter 

Ce'a, or Ce'os 

C^'a-des 

Ct*b-al-li'nu9 

Ceb-a-ren'se3 

Ce'bes 

Ce'bren 

Ce-bre'ni-a 

Ce-bri'o-nes 

Cec'i-das 

Ce-cil'i-u3 

Cec‘i-na 

Ce-cin'na, A. 

Ce-cro'pi-a 

Ce-crop i-da) 

Ce'crops 

Ce-cyph'a-lte 

Ced-re-a'ti3 

Ce'don 

Ce-dru'si-i 3 

Ceg'lu-sa 

Ce i 3 

Cel'a-<lon 

Cel'a-dus 

Ce-lsB'nffl 

Ce-lse'no 

Cel'e-a? 4 

Ce-le'i-a, and Ce'Ia 

Cel-e-la'tes 

Cc-len'drae 

Ce-ien'dris 

Ce-len'de-ris 

Ce-le'ne-us 

Ce-len'na Ce-lae'ita 

Ce'ler 

Cel'e-re3 

Ccbe-trum 

Ce'le-us 

Cel'mus 

Cebo-ncB 

Cel SU3 

Cel tae 

Cel-ii-l)e'ri 

Cel ti-ca 

Cel ti-ci 

Cel-til hi9 

Cel-io'ri-i 4 

Cel-tos cy-thsB 

Ceni'me-nu3 

Cem'psi 3 

Ce-nsE um 

Cen'chre-ae 10 

Cen'ch re-i3 

Cen'cbre 13 

Cen'chri-U9 

Ce-nes |>o-Il9 

Ce-ne'ii-um 10 

Ce'nc-U9 

Cen-i-mag'ni 

Ce-ni'na 

Cen-o-ma't.i 

Cen-so'res 

Cen-so-ri'nu9 

Cen'sus 

Cen-ta-re'tns 

Cen-tan'ii 3 

Cen-tau'rus 


sanctioned this latter pronunciation, and give:; it the pref- 
erence. 


* Candace. — Lempriere, Labho^ and Ains^vorth, accent this 
■word on the first syllable, but Gouldman anfl Holyoke on the 
idcond \ and 1 am much mistaken if the general ear b-as not 


958 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES 


CE 

€Jen-tob'ri-ca 
Cen'to-res 20 
Cen-tor'i-pa 
Cen-tri'tes 
Cen-tro'ni-us 
Cen-tum'vi-ri 4 
Cen-tu'ri-a 
Cen-tu'ri-pa 
Ce'os, and Ce'a 
Ceph'a-las 
Ceph-a-le'di-on 
Ceph-a-le'na 
Ce-phaMen 
Ceph-al-le'ni-a 
(Jeph a-lo 
Ceph-a-loe/dis 5 
Ceph'a-lon 
Ceph-a-lot'o-mi 
Ceph-a-luMi-um 
Ceph'a-lu3 
Ce-phe'u3 
(Je-phe'nes 
Ce-phis'i-a 10 20 
Ceph-i-si'a-des 
Ce-phis-i-do'rus 
Ce-phis'i-on 10 
Ce-phis-od'o-tu3 
Ce-phi'sus 
Ce-pliis'sus 
Ce'phrea 
Ce'pi-o 
Ce'pi-on 
Cer'a-ca 
Ce-rac'a-tes 
Ce-rani'bu9 
Cer-a-mi'cus 
Ce-ro'mi-utn 
Cer'a-mus 20 
Ce'ras 
Cer'a-3U3 
Cer'a-ta 
Ce-ra'tu9 
Ce-rau'ni-a 
Ce-rau'ni-i 4 
Ce-rau'nus 
Ce-rau'si-u3 1 
Cer-be'ri-on 
Cer'be-rus 
Cer'ca-phu3 
Cer-ca-so'rum 
Cer-ce'i3 
Cer-ce'ne 
Cer-ces'tes 
Cer'ci-des 
Cer'ci-i 4 
Cer-ci'na 
Cer-cin'i-um 
Cer-cin'na 
Cer'ci-U3 10 
Cer-co'pes 
Cer'cops 
Cer'cy-on 10 
Cer-cy'o-nes 
Cer-cy'ra, or 
Cor-cy'ra 
Cer-dyl'i-um 
Cer-e-a'li-a 
Ce'res 
Ce-res'sus 
Cer'e-t 80 
Ce-ri-a'lis 
Ce'ri-i 4 
Ce-riPlum 
Ce-rin'thu9 
Cer-y-ni'tes 
Cer-ma'nus 
Cer'nes 
Ce'ron 

Cer-o-pas'a-des 

Ce-ro3'sus 

Cer'phe-res 

Cer-rhae'i 3 

Cer-sob-lep^tes 

Cer'ti-ma 

Cer-to'ni-um 


CH 

Cer-va^ri-u8 

Cer'y-ces 6 20 

Ce-ryc'i-u3 

Cer-y-mi'ca 

Cer-ne'a 

Ce-ryn'i-tea 

Ce-sel'li-us 

Ce-son'ni-a 

Ces'ti-us 10 

Ces-tri'na 

Ce8-tri'nus 

Ce'tes 

Ce-the'gu3 

Ce'ti-i 4 10 

Ce'ti-us 10 

Ce'to 

Ce'us, and Cae'us 

Ce'yx 

Cha'bes 

Che'a* 12 

Cha-bi'nua 

Cha'bri-a 

CJia'bri-a3 

Chab'ry-is 6 

Chae-an'i-tse 4 

Chas'r^as 

Chser-o-de'mus 

Chae-re^mon 

Chaer'e-phon 

Chae-rea'tra-ta 

Chae-rin'thus 

Chae-rip'pu3 

ChsB'ro 

Chee-ro-ne'a, and 
Cher-ro-ne'a 
ChsB-ro 'ni-a 
Cha-Ise'on 
Chal-cse'a 
Chal'ce-a 
Chal-ce'don, and 
Chal-ce-do'ni a 
Chal-ci-de'ne 
Chal-ci-den'ses 
Chal-cid'e-u3 
Chal-cid'i-ca 
Chal-cid'i-cus 
Chal-ci-cD'U3 
Cbal-ci'o-pe 
Clial-ci'tis 3 
Chal'cis 
Chal'co-don 
Chal'con 
Chal'cus 
Chal'dae^a 
Chal-dae'i 3 
Cha-les'tra 
Cbal-o-ni'tis 
Chal'y-bes, and 
Cal'y-bes 
Chal-y-bo-ni'tis 
Chal'ybs 
Cha-ma'ni 
Cham-a-vi'ri 4 
Cha'ne 
Cha'on 
Cha'o-nc3 
Cha-o'ni-a 
Cha-o-ni'ti9 
Cha'o3 
Char'a-dra 
Cha-raMros 
Char'a-drus 
Cha-raj'a-das 
Char-an-dae'i 
Cha'rax 
Cha-rax'es, and 
Cha-rax'us 
Cha res 
Char'i-cles 
Char'i-clo 
Char-i-cli'des 
Char-i-de'mu3 
CharU-la 
Char-i-la'us, and 
Cha-ril^Ius 


CH 

Cha-ri'ni, and 
Ca-ri^ni 3 
Cha'fis 
Cha-ris'i-a 
Char'i-tes 
Char'i-ton 
Char'me, and 
Car'me 
Cliar'mi-das 
Char'mi-des 
Char-mi'nus 
Char-mi 'o-nef 
Char'mis 
Char-mos'y-na 
Char'mo- tas 
Char'mus 
Cha'ron 
Cha-ron'das 
Char-o-ne'a 
Cha-ro'ni-um 
Cha'rops, and 
Char'o-pes 
Cha-rybMis 
Chau'bi, and 
Chau'ci 
Chau'la 7 
Chau'rus 
Che'loB 
Che'les 
Chel-i-do'ni-a 
Chel-i-do'ni-ro 
Cho-lid'o-nis 
Chel'o-ne 
Chel'o-nis 
Chel-o-noph'a-gi 
Chel-y-do're-a 
Chem'mis 
Chehia 7 
Che'naa 
Cheni-on 
Che'ni-U3 
Che'ops, and 
Che-os'pes 
Che'phren 
Cher-e-moc'ra-tes 
Che-ris'o-phus 
Cher'o-phou 
Cher'si-as 10 
Cher-sid'a-mas 
Cher'si-pho 
Cher-so-ne'su3 
Che-rus'ci 3 
Chid-nse'i 3 
Chil-i-ar'chu3 
Chil'i-us.and ChiFe-us 
Chi'lo 
Chi-lo'nis 
Chi-moe'ra 
Chim'a-ru3 
Chi-me'ri-um 
Chi-om'a-ra 
Chi'on 1 
Chi'o-ne 8 
Chi-on'i-des 
Chi^o-nis 
Chi'o3 
Chi'ron 
Chit^o-ne 8 
CMo'e 
Chlo're-u3 
Chlo'ris 
Chlo'rus 
Cho-a-ri'na 
Cho-as'pes 
Cho'bus 
Chcer'a-des 
Cheer' i-lu3 
Choer'e-® 

Chon'ni-das 
Chon'u-phis 
Cho-ras'mi 3 
Cho-rin/e-U3 
Cho-roe'bus 
Cho-rom-na)'i 3 
iCho3'ro-es 


Cl 

Chre'mes 
Chrem'e-tes 
Chres'i-phon 
Chres-phon'tes 
Chres'tus 
Chro'mi-a 
Chro'mi-o8 
Chro'mis 
Chro'mi-u3 
Chro'ni-u3 
Chro'nos 
Chry'a-su3 
Chry'sa, and 
Chry'se 
Chrys'a-me 
Chry san'tas 
Chry-san'thi-us 
Chry-san'tis 
Chry-sa'or| 
Chrys-a-o're-us 
Chry-sa'o-ris 
Chry'sas 
Chry-se'is 
Chry-ser^mus 
Chry'ses 
Chry-3ip'pe 
Chry-sip'pus 
Chry'sis 

Chrys-o-as'pi-des 
Chry-3og'o-nu3 
Chrys-o-la'us 
Chry-so'di-um 
Chry-sop'o-lis 
Chry-sor'rho-ae 
Chry-sor'rho-a3 
Chrys'o9-tom 
Chrys-oth'e-mis 
Chryx'us 
Chtho'ni-a 12 
Chtho'ni-us 12 
Chi'truni 
Cib-a-ri'ti3 
Cib'y-ra 
Cie'e-ro 
Cith'y-ris 
Cic'o-nes 
Ci-cu'ta 
Ci-Iic'i-a 10 
Ci-li3'sa 
Ci'lix 
Cil'la 
Cil'les 
Cihlus 
Cil'ni-U9 
Ci'lo 
Cim'ber 
Cim-be'ri-us 
Cim'bri 3 
Cim'bri-cum 
Cim'i-nus 
Cim-me'ri-i 4 
Cim'me-ris 
Cim-me'ri-um 
Ci-mo'lis, and 
Ci-no'lis 
Ci-mo'lus 
Ci'mon 
Ci-nae'thon 
Ci-nar'a-das 
Cin'ei-a 10 
Cin-cin-na'tus, L. G. 
Cin'ci-U3 10 
Cin'e-as 
Ci-ne'si-as 11 
Cin'e-thon 
Cin'ga 
Cin-get'o-rix 
Sin-jet' o-rix 
Cin'gu-lum 
Cin-i-a'ta 
Ci-nith'i-i 4 
Cin'na 
Cin^na-don 
Cin'na-mus 
Cin-ni'a-na 


CL 

Cinx'i-a 
Ci'nyps, and 
Cin'y-phua 
Cin'y-raa 
Ci'os 
Cip'pus 
Cir'eo 

Cir-cen'ses lu'di 
Cir'ei-us 10 
Cir'cu3 
Ci'ris 

Cir-rse/a-tum 
Cir'rha, and 
Cyr rha 

Cir'tha, and Cir'ta 

Cis-al-pi^na Gal'Ii-a 

Cis'pa 

Cis'sa 

Cis'se-is 

Cis-se'us 

Cis'si-a 11 

Cis'si-ae 11 

Cis'si-des 

Cis-sces'sa 5 

Cis'sus 

Cis-su'sa 

Cis-te'naa 

Ci-thae'ron 

Cith-a-iis'ta 

Cit'i-um 10 

Ci'us 

Ci-vi'li3 

Ciz'y-cum 

Cla'de-U3 

Cla'nc3 

Cla'ni3 

Cla'ni-u9, or Cla^nis 
Cla'rus 
Clus-tid'i-um 
Clau'di-a 
Clau'di-8B 
Clau-di-a'nu9 
Clau-di-op'o-lis 
Clau'di-u3 
Clau'sus 
C)av-i-e'nu3 
Clav'i-ger 
Cla-zom'e-nae, and 
Cla-zom'e-na 
Cle'a-das 
Cle-an'der 
Cle-an'dri-das 
Cle-an'thes 
Cle-ar'chus 
Cie-ar'i-des 
Cle'mens 
Cle'o 
Cle'o-bis 
Cle-o-bu'la 
Cle-ob-u-li'na 
Cle-o-bu'Iu9 
Cle-o-cha're3 
Cle-o-cha'ri-a 
Cle-o-dse'us 
Cle-od'a-mas 
Cle-o-de'mu3 
Cle-o-do'ra 
Cle-o-dox'a 
Cle-og'e-nes 
Cle-o-la'us 
Cle-om'a-chus 
Cle-o-man'tes 
Cle-om'bro-tus 
Cle-o-mo'des 
Cle-om'e-nes$ 
Cle'on 

Cle-o'nae, and 
Cle'o-na 
Cle-o'ne 
Cle o-ni'ea 
Cle-o-ni'cus 30 
Cle-on'nis 
Cle-on'y-mus 
Cle-op'a-ter 
Cle-o-pa'tra|| 


* Chea. — The ch in this, and all words from the Greek and 
Latin, must be pronounced like k. 

f Charmioiie. — Dryden, in his tragedy of All for Love^ has 
Anglicised this word into Charmion ; — the ch pronounced as in 
charm, 

I Chrysaor. — Then started out, when you began to bleed, 
The great Chrysaor, and the gallant steed. 

Cooke’s Hesiod. Theog. 


$ Cleomenes. — There is an unaccountable caprice in Dryden’s 
accentuation of this word, in opposition to all prosody ; for 
through the whole tragedjr of this title he places the accent on 
the penultimate instead of the antepenultimate syllable. 

II Cleopatra. — The learned editor of Labbe tells us this Avord 
ought to be pronounced with the accent on the antepenultimate, 
Cle-op'a-tra, though the penultimate accentuation, he says, is 
the more common. 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


959 


CO 

CO 

CO 

CR 

cu 

Cle-op'a-tris 

Co'cles, Pub. Horat. 

Co'non 

Co-ryc'i-des 

Cres'ton 

Cle-oph^a-nes 

Coc'ti-aB, and Cot'ti-a3 

Con-sen'tes 

Co-ryc'i-us 10 

Cre'sus 

Cle-o-phan'thu3 

Co-cy'tus 

Con sen'ti-a 

Cor'y-cus 6 

Cre'ta 

Cle'o-phes 

Co-dom'a-nus 

Con-sid'i-us 

Cor'y-don 

Crete (Eng.) 8 

Cle-oph'o-lus 

Cod'ri-da) 

Con-si-li'num 

Cor'y-la, and 

Cre-tae'us 

Cle’o-phon 

Co-drop 'o-l is 

Con'stans 

Cor-y-le'urn 

Cro'te 8 

Cle-o-phy'lu9 

Co'drus 

Con-stan'ti-a 11 

Co-rym'bi-fer 

Cro'te-a 7 

Cle-o-pom'pus 

Coe-cil'i-us 

Con-stan-ti'na 

Cor'y-na 

Cre'tes 

Cle-op-tol'e-mus 

Coe'la 

Con-stan-ti-nop^o-lis 

Cor-y-ne'ta, and 

Cro'te-us 

Cle'o-pus 

Coe-laPe-tae 

Con-stan-tiOius 

Cor-y-ne'tes 

Cre'the-is 

Cle-o^ra 

Coel-e-syr'i-a, and 

Con< stan-tine (Eng.) 

Cor-y-pha'si-um 

Cre'the-U3 

Cle-os'tra-tus 

Cce-lo-syr'i-a 

Con-stan'ti-us 10 

Cor-y-then'ses 

Creth'o-na 

01e-ox'e-nu3 

Coe'li-a 

Con'sus 

Cor'y-hus 

Cret'i-cus 

Clep'sy-dra 

CoB-li-ob'ri-ga 

Con-syg'na 

Co-ry'tU3 6 

Cres'sas 

Cle'ri 3 

CceOi-us 

Con-ta-des^dus 

Cos 

Cre-u'sa 7 

Cles'i-des 

Ccb'Ius 

Con-tu'bi-a 7 

Co'sa, and Cos'sa, or 

Cre-u'sis 

Cle'ta 

Coe'nus 

Co'o?i 

Co'sae 

Cri'a-sus 

Clib'a-nus 

Coer^a-nus 

Co'os, Cos, Ce^a, and Co 

Cos-co'ni-us 

Cri-nlp'pus 

Cli-de'mus 

Co'es 

Co'pa3 

Co-sin 'gas 

Cri'nis 

Clim'e-nus 

Coe'us 

Co-phon^tis 

Co'sis 

Cri-ni'sus, and 

Cli'nas 

Cog'a-mus 

Co'phas 

Cos'mus 

Cri-mi'sus 

Clin'i-as ; 

Cog-i-du'nu8 

Co'pi-a 7 

Cos'se-a 7 

Cri'no 

Cli-nip'pi-des 

Co'hi-bus 

Co-piPlus 

Cos'sus 

Cri'son 

Cli'nus 

Co'hors 

Co-po'ni-us 

Cos-su'ti-i 4 

Cris-pi'na 

Cli'o 

Co-l®'nu3 

Cop'ra-tes 

Cos-to-bce'i 5 

Cris-pi'nus 

Cli-sith'e-ra 

Co-lax'a-is 

Co'pre-us 

Co-sy'ra 

Crit'a-la 

Clis'the-nes 

Co-lax'es 

Cop'tus, and Cop'tos 

Co'tes, and Cot'tes 

Crith'e-is 

Cli'tae 

CoFchi 12 3 

Co'ra 

Co'thon 

Cri-tho'te 

Cli-tar{chu9 

CoPchis, and CoPchos 

Cor-a-ce^si-um, and 

Co-tho'ne-a 7 

Crit'i-as 10 

Oi'to 

Co-len'da 

Cor-a-cen'si-um 

Cot'i-so 

Cri'to 

Cli-ter^ni-a 

Co'H-as 

Cor-a-co-na^sus 

Cot-to'nis 

Crit-o-bu'Iu3 

Clit-o-de'mus 

Col-la'ti-a 

Co-raPe-tce 

Cot'ta 

Crit-og-na'tu9 

Cli-tom'a-chus 

Co-Ia-ti^nus 

Co-ral'li 3 / 

Cot'tise Al'pes 

Crit-o-la'us 

Cli-ton'y-mus 

Col-li'naf 

Co-ra'nu3 

Cot'tus 

Cri'us 

Clit'o-phon 

Col-lu'ci-a 

Cobras 

Cot-y-c3'um 6 

Cro-bi'a-lus 

Cii'tor 

Co'lo 

Co'rax 

Co-ty'o-ra 

Crob'y-zi 3 

Cli-to'ri-a 

Co-hPns 0 

Co-rax'i 3 

Cot-y-lse'us 

Croc'a-fe 

Cli-tum'nus 

Co-lo'ne 

Cor'be-U3 

Co-tyl'i-us 

Cro'ce-3B 

Cli'tus 

Co-Io'nos 

Cor'bis 

Co'tys 

Croc-o-di-lop'o-li» 

Clo-a-ci'na 

Col'o-phon 

Cor'bu-lo 

Co-tyt'to 

Cro'cus 

Clo-an'thus 

Co-los'se, and 

Cor-cy'ra 

Cra'gus 

Croe'sus 

Clo'di-a 

Co-los'sis 

Cor'du-ba 

Cram-bu'sa 

Cro-i'tcs 

Clo'di-us 

Co-los'sus 

Cor-du-e'ne 8 

Cran'a-i 3 

Cro'mi 3 

Clce'li-a 

Col'o-tes| 

Co're 8 

Cran'a-pes 

Crom'my-on 

CIcB'll-sfi 4 

Col'pe 

Co-res'sus 

Cran'a-us 

Crom'na 

Cl(E'li-us 

Co-lum'ba 

Cor'e-sus 

Cra'ne 

Cro'mus , 

Clo'nas 

Col-u-mel'la 

Cor'e-tas 

Cra-ne'um 

Cro'ni-a 7 

Clon'di-cus 

Co-lu'thus 

Cor-fin'-i-ura 

Cra'ni-i 4 

Cron'i-des 

Clo'ni-a 

Co-lyt'tus 

Co'ri-a 7 

Cra'non, and Cran'non 

Cro'ni-um 

Clo'ni-us 

Com-a-ge^na 

Co-rin'c-um 

Cran'tor 

Cro'phi 3 

Clo'tho 

Com-a-ge'ni 

Co-rinhia 

Cra-as-sit'i-us 10 

Cros-sae'a 

Clu-a-ci'na 

Co-ma'na 

Co-rin^nus 

Cras'sus 

Crot'a-lus 

Clu-en'ti-us 10 

Co-ma'ni-a 

Co-rin^thus 

Cras-ti'nus 

Cro'ton 

Clu'pe-a, and 

Com'a-ri 3 

Co-ri-o-la'nus 23 

Crat'a-is 

Cro-to'na 7 

Clyp'e-a 23 

Com'a-rus 

Co-ri'o-li, and 

Cra-tae'us 

Crot-o-ni'a-tis 

Clu'si-a 11 

Co-raas'tus 

Co-ri-ol'la 

Cra'ter 

Cro-to'pi-as 

Clu-si'ni Fon'tes 

Com-ba'bus 

Co-ris'sus 

Crat'e-rus 20 

Cro-to'pus 

Clu-si'o-lum 

Com'bo 

Cor'i-tus 

Cra'tes 

Cru'nos 

Clu'si-um 10 

Com'bi 3 

Cor'mus 

Crat-es-i-cle'a 

Cru'sis 

Clu'si-us 10 

Com-bre'a 

Cor'ma-sa 

Crat-e-sip'o-lis 

Crus-tu-mo'ri 4 

Clu'vi-a 

Com'bu-tis 

Cor-ne'li-a 

Crat-e-sip'pi-das 

Crus-tu-me'ri-a 

Clu'vi-us Ru'fus 

Co-me'tes 

Cor-nedi-i 4 

Cra'te-us 

Crus-tu-me'ri-ura 

Clym'e-no 

Com'e-tho 

Cor-nic'u-lum 

Cra-te'vas 

Crus-tu-mi'num 

Clym-en-e'i-des 

Co-min'i-us 

Cor-ni-fic'i-us 10 

Cra'this 

Crus-tu'mi-um 

Clym'e-nus 

Co-mitM-a 10 

Cor'ni-gcr 

Cra-ti'nus 

Crus-tu'nis, and 

Cly-son-y-mu^sa 

Co'mi-us 

Cor-nu'tus 

Cra-tip'pus 

Crus-tur-ne'ni-u3 

Clyt-em-nes'tra 

Com'mo-dus 

Co-roe' bus 

Crat'y-lus 6 

Cry'nis 

Clyt'i-a, or Clyt^i-e 

Common 

Co-ro'na 

Crau'si-63 11 

Cte'a-tus 

Clyt'i-us 10 

Com-pi-taOi-a 

Cor-o-ne'a 

Crau'sis 

Ctem'c-ne 13 

Cly'tus 

Comp'sa-tus 

Co-ro'nis 

Cra-ux'i-das 

Cte'nos 

Cna-ca'di-um* 13 

Com-pu^sa 

Co-ron'ta 

Crem'e-ra 

Cte'si-as 

Cnac'a-lis 

Co'mus 

Co-ro'nus 

Crem'raa 

Cte-sib'i-us 

Cna^gi-a 

Con'ca-ni 3 

Cor-rha'gi-um 

Crem'my-on, and 

Ctes'i-cles 

Cnehnus 

Con-cor'di-a 

Cor'si 3 

Crom'my-on 

Cte-sil'o-chus 

Cne'us, or Cnse'us 

Con'da-lus 

Cor'si-33 

Crem'ni, and Crem'nos 

Ctes'i-phon 13 

Cni-din'i-um 

ConMa-to 

Cor'si-ca 7 

Cre-mo'na 

Cte-sip'pus 

Cni'dus, or Gni'dus 

Con-do-cha'tes 

Cor'so-te 

Crem'i-des 

Ctim'c-ne 

Cno'pus 13 

Con-dru'si 3 

Cor'su-ra 7 

Cre-mu'ti-us 10 

Cu'la-ro 

Cnos'si-a 11 

Con-dyl'i-a 

Cor-to'nae 

Cre'on 

Cu'ma, and Cix'm’B 

Cno'sus 

Co^ne 7 

Cor-un-ca'nus 

Cre-on-ti'a-des 

Cu-nax'a 7 

Co-a-ma'ni 

Con-e-to-du'nus 

Co'rus 

Cre-oph'i-lus 

Cu-pa'vo 

Co-as'troB, and 

Con-fu'ci-us 10 

Cor-vi'nus 

Cre-pe'ri-us 

Cu-pen'tus 

Co-ac'tr8B 

Con-ge'dus 

Cor-y-ban'tea 6 

Cres 

Cu-pi'do 

Cob'a-res 

Co'ni-i 3 

Cor'y-bas 

Cre'sa, and Cres'sa 

Cu-pi-cn'ni-us 

Coc'a-lus 

Con-i-sal'tU3 

Cor-y-bas'sa 

Cre'si-U3 11 

Cu'res 

Coc-ce'i-us 

Co-nis'ci 3 

Cor 'y- bus 

Cres-phon'tes 

Cu-re'tcs 

Coc-cyg'i-us 

Con-niMas 

Co-ryc'i-a 24 

Cres'si-us 11 

Cu-re'tis 


* Cnacadium. — C before n, in this and the succeeding words, 
is mute ; and they must be pronounced as if written JVaca- 
dium, JVacaliSj &c. 

t Collina . — Lempriere accents this word on the antepenulti- 


mate ; but Ainsworth, Gouldman, and Holyoke, more properly, 
on the penultimate. 

I Colotes . — Ainsworth and Lempriere accent this word on 
the antepenultimate syllable ; hut Labbe, Gouldman, and Hol- 
yoke, more agreeably to the general ear, on the penultimate. 


960 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


cv. 

DA 

DE 

DE 

DI 

Cu'ri-a 

Cyn-o-su'ra 

Dam-a-sip'pti3 

De-ic'o-on 

Der'c5’-nu9 

Cu-ri-a'ti-i 4 

Cyn'o-sure (Eng.) 

Dam-a-si3'tra-tus 

De-id-a-mi'a 30 

Def-sa;'i 3 

Cu'ri-o 

Cyn'thi-a 

Dam-a-sith'y-nus 

De-i-le'on 

De-ru-si-ffi'i 3 

Cu-ri-o-sol'i-t® 

Cyn'lhi-us 

Da-mas'tes 

De-il'o-chus 12 

r>e-.sud'a-ba 

Cu'ri-um . 

Cyn'thus 

Da'mi-a 

De-im'a-chus 

Deu-ca'Ii-on 28 

Cu'ri-u3 Den-ta'tua 

Cyn-u-ren'scs 

Da-mipTu3 

Dc-i'o-chus 

Duu-ce'ti-us 10 

Cur'ti-a 10 

Cy'nus 

Da'mis 

De-i'o-ne 

Deu'do-rix 

Cur-til'lus 

Cyp-a-ris'*-*, and 

Dam'no-rix 

De-i-o'iic-us 

Dex-am'e-no 

Cur'ti-us 10 

Cyp-a-ris'»i-a 11 

Da' mo 

De-i-o-pe'i-a 

Dex-am'e-nua 

Cu-ru'li3 

Cyp-a-ris'sus 

Dam'o-cles 

De-iplri-la 

Dex-ip'pus 

Cus-sa) i 3 

Cyph'a-ra 

Da-moc'ra-tes 

De-iph'o-be 

Dex-ith'e-a 

Cutil'i-um 

Cyj)-ri-a'nus 

Cy'prus 

Da-moc'ri-ta 

De-iph'o-bus 

Dex'i-us 

Cy-am-o-so rus 

Da-moc'ri-tus 

De'i-phon 

Di'a 1 7 

Cy a-ne G 8 

Cyp-sel'i-des 

Da mon 

De-i-phon'tC3 

Di-tm-o-pe'na 

<^’y-a'ne-EB 4 

Cyp'se-lus 

Dam-o-phan'tus 

D»!-ip'y-le 6 7 

Di-ac-tor'i-des 

Cv-ati'e-e, and Cy-a'ne-a 

Cy-rauhiis 

Da-moph'i-la 

De-ip'y-lus 

Di-ffi'us 

L)-a'ne-us 

Cy're 

Da-moph'i-lus 

De-ip'y-rus 

Di-a-d u-me-ni-a'nu9 

Cv-a-nip'po 

Cy-ro-na'i-ca 

Dam'o-phon 

Dej-a-ni'ra 

Di'a-gon, and Di'a-gum 

Cy-a-nij)'pu3 

Cy-re-na'i-ci 3 

Da-mos'tra-tu3 

Dej'o-ces 

Di-ag'o-ras 

Cy-a-rax'es, or 

Cy-re'ne 8 

Da-mox'e-nus 

De-jot'a-rus 

Di-a'lis 

Cv-ax'a-res 6 

Cy-ri'a-des 

Da-myr'i-as 

Del'don 

Di-al'lu3 

Cv-iio'be 

Cy-rillus 

Da'pa 7 

Do'li-a 

Di-d-mas-ti-go'sis 

Cyb'e-Ia, and Cyb-o'la 

Cyr'il (Eng.) 
Cy-ri'nu3 

Dan'a-e 

De-li'a-doa 

Di-a'na 7 

Cyb'e-le . 

Dan'a-i 3 

De'li-um 

Di-an'a-sa 

Cvb'e-lu3 

Cyr'ne 

Da-na'i-des 4 

l)e'li-U3 

Di-a'si-a 11 

Cyb'i-ra 

Cyr'nus 

Dan'a-la 

Del-ma'ti-us 10 

Di-c®'a 

Cy-ce'si-um 11 

Cyr-ra»'i 3 

Dan'a-us 

Dol-rnin'i-um 

Di-c®'us 

Cych're-U3 12 

Cyr'rha-dffi 

Dan'da-ri, and 

De'los 

Di'ce 8 

Cyc'la-des 

Cyr'rhes 

Dan-dar'i-ds 

Del'phi'S 

Dic-e-ar'chua 

Cy-clo'pes 

Cyr-rhus 

Dan'don 

Del'phi-cus 

Di-ce'ne-U9 

Cy'clops (Eng.) 

Cyr-ri-a'na 7 

Da-nu'bi-us 

Dt'l-phin'i-a 

Dic'o-mas 

Cyc'nu3 

Cvt-si'lu3 

Dan'ube (Eng.) 

Del-phm'i-um 

Dic't® 

Cy'da 6 

Cy'rus 

Da'o-chus 12 

Del'phus 

Dic-tam'num, and 

Cvd'i-a3 

Cy-rop'o-lis 

(’y'ta 

DaplPnce 

Del-phy'no 6 

Dic-tyn'na 

Cy-dip'pe 

Daph-n®'us 

Del'ta 

Dic-ta't'or 

Cyd'nus 

Cy-t{B'i3 

Daph'ne 

Dem'a-des 

Dic-tid-i-en'sea 

CyMon 

Cy-the'ra 

Daph-ne-pho'ri-a 

De-m®n'e-tU3 

Dic-tyn'na 

Cy-do'ni-a 

Cyth-e-rie'a, or 

Da ph 'll is 
Da Hi 'mis 

Do-mag'o-ras 

Dic'tys 

Cyd ra-ra 

Cvtn-e-re'af 

Dem-a-ra'ta 

Did'i-us 

Cyd-ro-la'u3 

Cytii'e-risi 

Dar'a-ba 

Dem-a-ra'tus 

Di'do 

Cygbius 

Cy-the'ri-us 

Da 'raps 

De-mar'chus 

Did'y-ma 

Cyha-btis 

Cy-the'ron 

Dar'da-ni 3 

Dem-a-re'ta 

Did-y-m®'us 

Cyl'i-ces 

Cy-the'run 

Dar-da'ni-a 

Deni-a-ris'te 

Did-v-ma'on 

Cy-lin'du3 

Cyih'e-rus 

Dar-dan'i-des 

l\:'me-a 

Did'y-me 6 8 

Cyl-lab'a ru3 

Cythbio3 

Dar'da-nus 

De-me'tri-a 

Did'y-mum 

Cvi'la-ru3 

Cy-f in'e-um 

Dar'da-ris 

De-me'tri-a3 

Did'y-nius 

Di-en'e-ces 

Cyl'L-.i 

Cyt-is-3o'ru3 

Da 'res 

De-me'tri-us 

Cyl-le'ne 

Cy-to'rus 

Da-re'tis 

De'mo 

Di es'pi-ter 

Cyl-le-neM-us 

Cyz-i-ce'ni 

Da-ri'a 

Dem-o-a-nas'sa 

Di-gen'ti-a 10 

Cyl-lyr'i-i 3 4 

Cyz'i-cum 

Da-ri a-vea 

Dem-o-ce'des 

Dig'ma 

Cyd.m 

Cyz'i-cu3 

Da-ri'tae 

De-moch'a-res 

Di'i 3 4 

Cy'ma, or Cy'm® 
Cy-mod'o-ce 
C/-m<)<i-o-ce'a 
Cy-mod-o-ce'as 

D. 

Da-ri^us 

Das'con 

Das-cyl-i'tis 

Das'cy-lus 

Dem'o-cles 

De-moc'o-on 

De-muc'ra-tes 

De-moc'ri-tns 

Di-mas'su3 
Di-nar chu3 12 
Di-nol'fj-chus 
Din i-ffi 4 

Cy'me, and Cy'mo 
Cym'o-lus, and 

DA'ifl, Da'h® 

Da'se-a 
Da'si-us 11 

De-mod 'i-ce 4 8 
De-mod 'o-cu3 

Din-i-as 
Din'i-che 12 

Ci-mo'lus 

Da'ci, and Da'c® 

Das-sar'e-t® 

De-mo'le-on 

Di-noch'a-ros 

Cym-o-po-Ii'a* 

Da'ci-a 1 1 

Das-sa-rc'iii 

De-mo' le-U3 

Di-noc'ra-te3 

Cv-moth'o-e 

Dac'ty-li 3 4 
Dad'i-c® 

Das-sa-ri't® 

De'mon 

Di-nod'o-clius 

Cvn'a-ra 

Das-sa-rit'i-i 3 4 

Dem-o-nas'sa 

Di-nom'e-nes 

Cyn-a)-gi'ru3 

Daj;i'a-la 

Dat'a-mes 

De-mo 'n ax 

Di'non 

Cy-nsB'thi-uin 

DfR-da'Ii-on 

Dat-a-pherbies 

Deni-o-ni'^n 1 

Di-nos'the-nes 

Cy-na'ne 

Da;d'a-lu3 

Da'tis 

Dem-o-ni'cus 

Di-nos'tia-tus 

Cy-na'pes 

Dae'mon 

Da'tos, or Da'ton 

Dem-o-phan'tU3 

Di-o'cle-a 

Cy-naxa 

Da i 4 

Dau'lis 

De-monh'i-lus 

Di'o-cles 

Cyn'e-as 

Da'i-cles I 

Dau'ni 3 

Dem'o-phon 

Jii-o-clo-ti-a'nus 

Cy-no'si-i 4, and 

Da'i-dis 

Dau'ni-a 

De-moph'o-on 

Di-o-cle.'ti-an (Eng.) 

Cyive-tte 

Da-im'a-chus 

Dau'nus 

De-mop'o-lis 

Di-o-do'rus 

Cvii-o-thus'sa 

Da-i m'e-nes 

Dau'ri-fer, and 

De'mos 

Di-o'e-tas 

Cyn'*-a 

Da'i-phron 1 

Dau'ri-ses 

Do-mos'tho-nos 18 

Di og'e-nes 

Cyn'i-ci 3 

Da-i'ra 1 

Dav'a-ra 7 

De-mos'tra-tus 

Di-o-ge'm-a 

Cy-nis'ca 

Dal'di a 

De-ceb'a-lu3 

Dem'v-l'JS 

Di-og'e-nus 

Cy'nj 6 

Dal-ma'ti-a 10 

De-ce'le-utn 

De-od'a-tus 

Di-og-ne'tus 

Cyn-o-ceph'a-le 

Dal-rna'ti-us 10 

Dec'e-lus 

De-o'is 

Di-o-me'da 

Cyn-o-ceph'a-li 

Dam-a-ge'tus 

De-cem'vi-ri 4 

Der'bi-ces 

Di-o-me'deslf 

< '\ n-o-phon'tis 

Dam'a-lis 

De-ce'ti-a 10 

Der'ce 

Di-o-me'don 

< -nor'tas 

Da'mas 1 

De-cid'i-us Sax'a 

Der-cen'nus 

Di'on 3 

Cj-nor'ti-on 11 

Dam-a-sce'na 

D«‘*cin'e-us 

Der'ce-to, and 

Di-o-n®'a 

Cy'nos 

Du-mas'ci-us 10 

De'ci-us 10 

Der'ce-tis 

Di-o'ne 

Cyn-o-sar'ges 

Da-nms'cu3 

Dc-cu'ri-o 

Dt r-cvl'li-das 

Di-o-nys'i-a 11 

Cyn-os-so'ma 

Dam-a-sich'thon | 

Ded i-tam'e-nes 

Dcr-cyl'lus 

Di-o-ny-si'a-des 


* Sf!G fpHIGEMA. — 

“ Nepliine, who shake-? the earth, his daughter gave, 
Crjrtiopuliaj to reward ihe bravo.” 

Cooke’s Hesiod. Theog. v. 1132. 

■J- Cythei’ea . — 

“ Behold a nymph ari«e, divinely fair, 

Whom to Cvthera first the surges bear ; 

And .Aphrodite, from tlie foam, her name, 

Among the race of gods and men the same : 

And Cytherea from Cythera came.” 

Cooke’s Hesiod, Theog. v. 299. 


I Cytheris . — 

•' ‘ More poetry 

Your Roman wits, your Callus and Tibullus, 

Have taught you tins from Cytheris and Delia.” 

Dry den, All for Love. 

^ Delphi. — This word was, formerly, universally written 
Delphos ; till Mr. Cumberland, a geiUleman no less remarka- 
ble for his classical erudition than his dramatic abilities, in 
his Widow of Delphi^ rescued it from the vulgarity in which 
it had been so long involved. 

IT Diomedes. — All words nnding in edes have the same ac- 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES 


96. 


DO 

Di-o-nys^i-as 11 

Di-o-nys'i-des 

Di-o-ny s-i-o-do ^ r us 

Di-o-nys'i-on 11 

Li-o-ny-sip'o-lis 

Di-o-nys'i-us 11 

Di-oph'a-nes 

Di-o-phan'tus 

Di-o-pi'tes 

Di-o-pce'nus 

Di-op'o-lis 

Di-o'res 

Di-o-ryc^tus 

Di-o-scor6~des 

Di-os 'co-rus* 

Di-o-scu'rl| 3 

Di-os 'pa-go 

Di-os'po-lis 

Di-o-ti'me 1 8 

Di-o-ti'mus 

Di-ot're-phes 

Di-ox-ip'pe 

Di-ox-ip 'pus 

Di-pae'ce 

Diph'i-las 

Diph'i-lus 

Di-phor'i-das 

Di-poe'nso 

Dip'sas 

Di'rse 

Dir'ce 

Dir-cen'na 

Dir'phi-a 

Dis-cor'di-a 

Dith-y-ram'bus 

Dit'a-ni 3 

Div-i-ti'a-cus 

Di'vus Fid'i-us 

Di-yl'lus 

Do-be'res 

Doc'i-lis 

Doc'i-mus 24 

Do 'cie-a 

Do-do'na 

Dod-o-nae'us 

Do-do'ne 

Do-don 'i-des 

Do'i-i 4 

Dol-a-bel'la 

Dol-i-cha'on 

Dol'i-che 1 12 

Do'li-us 

Dol-o-me'na 

Do'lon 

Do-lon'ci 3 

Dol'o-pes 

Do-lo'phi-on 

Do-lo'pi-a 

Do'lops 

Dom-i-du'cus 

Do-min'i-ca 

Do-mit'i-a 10 

Do-init-i-a'nus 

Do-mit'i-an (Eng.) 

Dom-i-til'la 

Do-mit'i-us 10 

Do-na'tus 

Don-i-la'us 

Do-nu'ca 

Do-ny'sa 

Do-rac'te 

Do'res 

Dor'i-ca 4 7 

Dor'i-cus 

Do-ri-en'ses 

Dor'i-las 

Dor-i-la'us 

Do'ri-on 

Do'ris 

Do-ris'cus 

Do'ri-um 

Do'ri-us 

Do-ros'to-rum 

Dor-sen'nus 

Dor 'so 

Do'rus 

Do-ry'a-sus 6 


EB 

EL 

EP 

Do-ry'clus 

Eb-u-ro'nes 

El-i-me'a 

Dor-y-lae'um, and 

Eb'u-sus 

E'lis 

Dor-y-lae'us 

Ec-a-me'da 

El-is-pha'si-i 4 

Dor'y-las 

Ec-bat'a-na 

E-lis'sa 

Dor-y-la'us 

Ec-e-chir'i-a 

E-lis'sus 

Do-rys'sus 

Es-e-kir'i-a 

El-lo'pi a 

Dos'ci 3 

E-chec'ra-tes 

E-lo'rus 

Do-si'a-des 

E-kek'ra-tes 

E'los 

Dos-se'nus 

Ech-e-da'mi-a 30 

El-pe'nor 

Dot'a-das 

E-chel'a-tus 

El-pi-ni'ce 

Do'to 

E-chel'ta 

El-u-i'na 

Do'tus 

Ech'e-lus 

El'y-ces 

Dox-an'der 

E-chem'bro-tus 

El-y-ma'is 

Dra-ca'nus 

E-che'mon 

El'y-mi 3 

Dra'co 

Ech'e-mus 

El'y-mus 

Dra-con'ti-des 

Ech-e-ne'us 

El'y-rus 

Dra'cus 

Ech'e-phron 

E-lys'i-um 

Dran'ces 

E-chep'o-lus 

E-ma'thi-a 

Dran-gi-a'na 7 

E-ches'tra-tus 

E-ma'thi-on 

Dra'pes 

E-chev-e-then'ses 

Em'ba-tum 

Drep'a-na, and 

E-chid'na 

Ein-bo-li'ma 

Drep'a-num 

Ech-i-do'rus 

E-mer'i-ta 

Drim'a-chus 

E-chin'a-des 

E-mes'sa, and E-mis'sa 

Dri-op'i-des 

E-chi'non 

Em-me'li-us 

Dri'os 

E-chi'nus 

E-mo'da 

Dro'i 3 

Ech-i-nus'sa 

E-mo'dus 

Dro-mse'us 

E-chi'on 29 

Em-ped'o-cles 

Drop'i-ci 4 

Ech-i-on' i-des 

Em-pe-ra'mus 

Dro'pi-on 

Ech-i-o'ni-us 

Em-po'clus 

Dru-en'ti-us, and 

Ech'o 

Em-po'ri-a 

Dru-en'ti-a 10 

E-des'sa, E-de'sa 

Em-pu'sa 

Dru'ge-ri 3 

E-dis'sa 

En-cel'a-dus 

Dru'i-dae 

E'don 

En-chel'e-a3 12 

Dru'ids (Eng.) 

E-do'ni 3 

En'de-is 

Dru-sil'la Liv'i-a 

E-dyl'i-us 

En-de'ra 

Dru'so 

E-e'ti-on 10 

En-dym'i-on 

Dru'sus 

E-gel'i-das 

E-ne'ti 

Dry'a-des 

E-ge'ri-a 

En-gy'um 

Dry'ads (Eng.) 

E-ges-a-re'tus 

En-i-en'ses 

Dry-an-ti'a-des 

Eg-e-si'nus 

En-i-o'pe-us 

Dry-au'ti-des 

E-ges'ta 

E-nip'e-us 

Dry-rase'a 

Eg-na'ti-a 10 

E-nis'pe 8 

Dry'mo 

Eg-na'ti-us 10 

En'na 

Dry'mus 

E-i'on 26 

En'ni-a 

Dry'o-pe 

E-i'o-nes 

En'ni-us 

Dry-o-pe'i-a 5 

E-i-o'ne-us 

En'no-mus 

Dry'o-pes 

E-jo'ne-us 

En-nos-i-gse'us 

Dry'o-pis, and 

El-a-bon'tas 

En'o-pe 

Dry-op'i-da 

E-la)'a 

E'nops 

Dry'ops 

E-lae'us 

E'nos 

Dryp'e-tis 

El-a-ga-ba'lus, or 

En-o-sich'thon 

Du-ce'ti-us 10 

El-a-gab'a-lus 

E-not-o-cce'taa 

Du-il'li-a 

El-a-i'tes 

En-tel'la 

Du-il'li-us Ne'pos 

E-la'i-us 

En-tcl'lus 

Du-lich'i-um 

El-a-phi-ae'a 

En-y-a'li-us 

Dum'no-rix 

El'a-phus 

E-ny'o 6 

Du'nax 

El-a-phe-bo'li-a 

E'o-ne 

Du-ra'ti-us 10 

El-ap-to'ni-us 

E'os 

Du'ri-us 

E-la'ra 

E-o'us 

Du-ro'ni-a 

El-a-te'a 

E-pa'gris 

Du-um'vi-ri 4 

E-la'tus 

E-pam-i-non'das 

Dy-a-gon'das 

E-la'ver 

Ep-an-tel'i-i 4 

Dy-ar-den'ses 

E'le-a 

E-paph-ro-di'tus 

Dy'mae 

E-le-a'tes 

Ep'a-phus 

Dy-mae'i 3 

E-lec'tra 

Ep-as-nac'tus 

Dy'mas 

E-lec'trse 

E-peb'o-lus 

Dym'nus 

E-lec'tri-des 

E-pe'i 3 

Dy-nam'e-ne 

E-lec'try-on 

E-pe'us 

Dyn-sa'te 

E-le'i 

Eph'e-sus 

Dy'ras 6 

El-o-le'us 

Eph'e-t 80 

Dy-ras'pes 

E'le-on 

Eph-i-al'tes 

Dyr-rach'i-um 

El-e-on'tum 

Eph'-o-ri 3 

Dy-sau'les 

El-e-phan'tis 

Eph'o-rus 

Dys-ci-ne'tus 

El-e-phan-toph'a-gi 

Eph'y-ra ar 

Dy-so'rum 

El-e-phe'nor 

Ep-i-cas'to 

Dys-pon'ti-i 4 

El-e-po''rus 

Ep-i-cer'i-des 


E'le-us 

Ep-i-cha'i-des 


E-leu'chi-a 

E-pich'a-ris 


El-eu-sin'i-a 22 

Ep-i-char'raus 


E-leu'sis 

Ep'i-cles 


E-leu 'ther 

Ep-i-cli'des 

E'A-NES 

E-leu'the rae 

E-pic'ra-tes 

E-a'nus 

El-eu-the'ri-a 

Ep-ic-te'tus 

E-ar'i-nus 

E-leu'tho 

Ep-i-cu'rus 

E-a'si-um 

E-leu-ther-o-cil'i-ces 

E-pic'y-des 24 

Eb'do-me 

E-lic'i-us 10 24 

Ep-i-dam'nus 

E-bor'a-cum 

El-i-eii'sis, and E-li'a-ca 

Ep-i-daph'ne 


ER 

Ep-i-dau'ri-a 

Ep-i-dau'rus 

E-pid'i-us 

Ep-i-do'tee 

E-pig'e-nes 

E-pig'e-us 

E-pig'-o-ni 3 

E-pig'o-nus 

E-pi'i, and E-pe'i 

E-pil'a-ris 

Ep-i-mel'i-des 

E-pim'e-nes 

Ep-i-men '-i-des 

Ep-i-me'the-us 

Ep-i-rae'this 

E-pi'o-clius 12 

E-pi'o-ne 8 

E-piph'a-nes 

Ep-i-pha'ni-us 

E-pi'rus 

E-pis'tro-phus 

E-pit'a-des 

E'pi-um 

Ep'o-na' 

E-po'pe-us 

Ep-o-red'o-rix 

Ep'u-lo 

E-pyt' i-des 

Ep'y-tus 

E-qua-jus'ta 

E-quic'o-lus 

E-quir'i-a 

E-quo-tu'ti-cum 

Er'a-con 

E-rae'a 

Er-a-si'nus 

Er-a-sip'pus 

Er-a-sis'tra-tus 

Er'a-to 

Er-a-tos'the-nes 

Er-a-tos'tra-tus 

E-ra'tus 

Er-bes'sus 

Er'e-bus 

E-rech'the-us 

E-rem'ri 3 

E-re'mus 

Er-e-ne'a 

E-res 'sa 

E-rech'thi-des 

E-re'sus 

E-re'tri-a 

E-re'tum 

Er-eu-tha'li-on 29 

Er'ga-ne 

Er-gen'na 

Er'gi-as 

Er-gi'nus 

Er-gin'nus 

Er-i-boe'a 

E-rib 'o-tes 

Er-i-ce'tes 

E-rich'tho 

Er-ich-tho'ni-us 

Er-i-cin'i-um 

Er-i-cu'sa 

E-rid'a-nusJ 

E-rig'o-ne 

E-rig'o-nus 

Er-i-gy'us 

E-ril'lus 

E-rin'des 

E-rin'na 

E-rin'nys 

E-ri'o-pis 

E-riph'a-nis 

E-riph'i-das 

Er-i-phy'le 

E'ris 

Er-i-sich'thon 
Er'i-thus 
E-rix'o 
E-ro'chus 
E-ro'pus, and 
iEr'o-pas 
E'ros 

E-ros'tra-tus 


centuation ; as Archimedes^ Diomedes, &.c. The same may 
be observed of words ending in ides and odes ; as IphideSy 
Damocles^ AndrodeSj &c. See the Terminational P'ocalm- 
lartj. 

* Dioscorus. — An heresiarch of the fifth century. 


t Dioscuri. — The name given to Casior and Pollux, from the 
Greek Atoj and Kwpoj pro Kopo?, the sons of Jove. 

J Eridanus . — 

“ Alpheus and Eridanus the strong, 

Tliat rises deep, and stately rolls along.” 

Cooke’s Hesiod. Theog. v. 520. 


61 


m 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


EU 

EU 

FA 

FU 

GA 

E-ro'ti-a 10 

1 Eu'hy-us 

Eu-ryp'y-lus 

Fa-lis'ci 3 

Fu'fi-us Gem'i-nus 

Er-ru'ca 

Eu-lim'e-ne 

Eu-rys'the-nes 

Fa-lis'cus 

Ful-gi-na'tes 

Ful-gi'nus 

Er'se 

Eu-ma'chi-us 12 

Eu-rys-then'i-dae 

Fa'ma 

Er'xi-as 

Eu-msB^us 

Eu-rys'the-us 

Fan'ni-a 

Ful'li-num, and 

Er'y-mas 

Eu-me'des 

Eu'ry-to 

Fan'ni-i 4 

Ful'gi-nura 

E-ryb'i-um 

Eu-me'lis 

Eu-ryt'e-ae 

Fan'ni-us 

Ful'vi-a 

Er-y-ci'na 

Eu-me'lus 

Eu-ryt'e-le 

Far'fa-rus 

FuPvi-us 

Er-y-man'this 

Eu'me-lus (King) 

Eu-ryth'e-mis 

Fas'ce-lis 

Fun-da'nus 

Er-y-man^thus 

Eu'me-nes| 

Eu-ryth'i-on, and 

Fas-cel'li-na 

Fun'di 3 

E-rymhi8B 

Eu-me'ni-a 

Eu-ryt'i-on 11 

Fau-cu'i-a 

Fu'ri-a 

E-rym'ne-us 

Eu-men'i-des 

Eu'ry-tis 

Fau'la 

Fu'ri-ae 

Er'y-mus 

Eu-me-nid'i-a 

Eu'ry-tus 

Fau'na 

Fu'ri-i 4 

Er-y-the'a* 

Eu-me'ni-us 

Eu-se'bi-a 

Fau-na'li-a 

Fu-ri'na 

Er-y-thi'ni 4 

Eu-mol'pe 

Eu-mohpi-d» 

Eu-se'bi-us 

Fau'ni 3 

Fu-ri'nae 

Er'y-thra 

Eu'so-pus 

Fau'nus 

Fu'ri-us 

Er'y-thrae 

Eu-mohpus 

Eu-sta'thi-us 

Fau'sta 

Fur'ni-us 

E-ryth'ri-on 

Eu-mon'i-des 

Eu-sto'li-a 

Fau-sti'na 3 

Fus'cus 

E-ryth'ros 

Eu-nae'us 

Eu-sto'li-us 

Fau'sti-tas 

Fu'si-a 11 

E'ryx 

Eu-na'pi-us 

Eu-tae'a 7 

Fau'stu-lus 

Fu'si-us 10 

E-ryx^o 

Eu-no'mi-a 

Eu-tel'i-das 

Fau'tus 


E-ser'nus 
Es-quihi-ae, and 

Eu'no-mus 

Eu'nus 

Eu-tcr'pe 

Eu-tha'li-aJ 

Fa-ven'ti-a 10 
Fa-ve'ri-a 


G. 

Es-qui-li'nus 

Eu'ny-mos 

Eu-thaMi-us 

Fa'vo 

Es-sed'o-nes 

Eu'o-ras 

Eu-thyc'ra-tes 

Feb'ru-a 

Es'su-i 3 

Eu-pa'gi-um 

Eu-thy-do'mus 

Fec-i-a'les 

GAB'A-LES 

Es'u-la 

Eu-pal'd-mon 

Eu-thy'mus 

Fel'gi-nas 

Gab'a-za 

Es-ti-ai'a 7 

Eu-pal'a-mus 

Eu-trap'e-lus 

Fen-es-tel'la 

Ga-be'ne, and Ga-bi-e'no 

Et-o-ar'chus 

Eu' pa-tor 

Eu-tro'pi-a 

Fe-ra'li-a 

Ga-bi-e'nus 

E-te'o-cles 

Eu-pa-to'-ri-a 

Eu-tro'pi-us 

Fer-en-ta'num, and 

Ga'bi-i 4 

E-te'o-clus 

Eu-pei'thes 

Eu'ty-ches 

Fe-ren'tum 

Ga-bi'na 

Et-e-o-cre't» 

Eu'pha-es 

Eu-tych'i-de 

Fe-re'tri-us 

Ga-bin'i-a 

E-te^o-nes 

Eu-phan'tus 

Eu-tych'i-des 

Fe-ro'ni-a 

Ga-bin-i-a'nus 20 

E-te-o'ne-us 

Eu-phe'me 

Eu'ty-phron 

Fes-cen'ni-a 

Ga-bin'i-us 

Et-e-o-ni'cus 30 

Eu-phe'mus 

Eu-xan'thi-us 

Fes'tus . 

Ga'des, and Gad'i-ra 

E-te'si-ae 11 

Eu-phor'bus 

Eux'e-nus 

Fi-bre'nus 

Gad-i-ta'nus 

E-tha'li-on 29 

Eu-pho^ri-on 

Eu-xihius Pon^tus 

Fi-cul'ne-a 

Gae-sa'taa 

E-the'le-um 

Eu-phra'nor 

Eu-xip'pe 

Fi-de'na 

Gae-tu'li-a 

Eth'o-da 

Eu-phra'tes 

E-vadhie 

Fi-de'nae 

Gae-tu'li-cus 

E-the'mon 

Eu'phrou 

Ev'a-ges 

Fi-den'ti-a 10 

Ga-la'bri-i 4 

E'ti-as 10 

Eu-phros'y-ne 

E-vag'o-ras 

Fi'des 

Gal-ac-toph'a-gi 3 

E'tis 

Eu-plse'a, or Eu-ploe'a 

E-vag^o-re 

Fi-dic'u-las 

Ga-lae'sus 

E-tru'ri-a 

Eu'po-lis 

E'van 

Fim'bri-a 

Ga-lan'this 

Et'y-lus 

Eu-pom'pus 

E-van 'der 

Fir'mi-us 

Gal'a-ta 7 

Eu'ba-ges 

Eu-ri-a-nas'sa 

E-van'ge-lus 

Fis-cel'lus 

Gal'a-tae 

Eu-ba'tas 

Eu-rip'i-des 

Ev-an-gor'i-des 

Fla-cel'li-a 

Gal-a-tae'a, and 

Eu'bi-us 

Eu-ri'pus 

E-van 'thes 

Flac'cus 

Gal-a-thae'a 

Eu-boe'a 7 

Eu-ro'mus 

E-var'chus 

Fla-ciPla .dE'li-a 

Ga-la'ti-a 10 

Eu-bo'i-cus 

Eu-ro'pa 7 

E'vas 

Fla-min'-i-a 

Ga-lax'i-a 

Eu'bo-te 

Eu-ro-pae'us 

E'vax 

Fla-miu'i-us, or 

Gal'ba 

Eu'bo-tes 

Eu'rops 

E-vePthon 

Flam-i-ni'nus 

Ga-le'nus 

Eu-bu'le 8 

Eu'ro-pus 

E-vem'e-rus 

Fla'vi-a 

Ga-le'o-lae 

Eu-bu'li-des 

Eu-ro'tas 

E-ve'nus 

Fla-vi-a'num 

Ga-le'ri-a 

Eu-bu'lus 

Eu-ro'to 

Ev-e-phe'nus 

Fla-vin'i-a 

Ga-le'ri-us 

Eu-ce'rus 

Eu'rus 

Ev 'e-res 

Fla-vi-ob'ri-ga 

Ga-le'sus 

Eu-che'nor 

Eu-ry^a-le 8 

E-ver'ge-tae 

Fla'vi-us 

Gal-i-lae-'a 

Eu'chi-des 

Eu-ry'a-lus 

E-ver'ge-tes 

Flo'ra 

Ga-lin-thi-a'di-a 

Eu-cli^des 

Eu-ryb'a-tes 

E-vip'pe 8 

Flo-ra'Ii-a 

GaPli 3 

Eu' clid.rEns.) 

Eu-ryb'i-a 

E-vip'pus 

Flo'rus 

Gal'li-a 

Eu'clus 

Eu-ry-bi'a-des 

Ex-a'di-us 

Flo-ri-a'nus 

Gal-li-ca'nus 

Eu^cra-te 

Eu-ryb'i-us 

Ex-ae'thes 

Flu-o'ni-a 

Gal-li-e'nus 

Eu'cra-tes 

Eu-ry-cle'a 

Ex-ag'o-nus 

Fo'li-a 

Gal-li-na'ri-a 

Eu'cri-tus 

Eu'ry-cles 

Ex-om'a-trae 

Fon-te'i a 5 

Gal-lip'o-lis 

Euc-te'mon 

Eu-ry-cli'des 


Fon-te'i-us Cap'i-to 

Gal-lo-grae'ci-a 

Euc-tre'si-i 4 

Eu-ryc'ra-tes 


For'mi-ae 

Gal-lo'ni-us 

Eu-dae'mon 

Eu-ry-crat'i-das 

F. 

For-mi-a'num 

Gal'lus 

Eu-dam'i-das 

Eu-ryd'a-mas 

For'nax 

Ga-max'us 

Eu'da-mus 

Eu-ryd'a-me 

For-tu'na 

Ga-me'li-a 

Eu-dehnus 

Eu-ry-dam'i-das 

FAB'A-RIS 

For'u-li 

Gan-da-ri'tae 

Eu-do'ci-a 

Eu-ryd'i-ce 

Fa'bi-a 7 

Fo'rum Ap'pi-i 

Gan'ga-ma 

Eu-doc'i-mus 

Eu-ry-ga'ni-a 

Fa-bi-a'ni 3 

Fran'ci 3 

Gan-gar'i-dae 

Eu-clo'ra 

Eu-ry'le-on 

Fa'bi-i 4 

Fre-gePla 7 

Gan'ges 

Eu-do'rus 

Eu-ryho-chus 

Fa'bi-us 

Fre-ge'nae 

Gan-nas'cus 

Eu-dox'i-a 

Eu-rym'a-chus 

Fab-ra-te'ri-a 

Fren-ta'ni 3 

Gan-y-me'de 

Eu-dox'us 

Eu-rym^e-de 

Fa-bric'i-us 24 

Frig'i-dus 

Gan-y-me'des 

Eu-e-mer'i-das 

Eu-rym^e-don 

Fa-bul'la 

Fris'i-i 4 

'Qanhj-mede (Eng.) 

Eu-ga'ne-i 3 

Eu-rym'e-nes 

Fa'dus 

Fron'ti-nus 

Ga-rae'i-cum 

Eu-ge'ni-a 20 

Eu-ryn'o-me 

Faes'u-lae 

Fron'to 

Gar-a-man'tes 

Eu-go'ni-us 

Eu-ryn'o-mus 

Fal-cid'i-a 

Fru'si-no 

Gar-a-man'tis 

Eu'ge-on 

Eu-ry'o-ne 

Fa-le'ri-i 4 

Fu-ci'na 

Gar'a-mas 

Eu-hcm'e-rus 

Eu^ry-pon 

Fal-o-ri'na 

Fu-ci'nus 

Gar'a-tas 

Eu'hy-drum 

Eu-ryp'y-lo ] 

Fa-ler'nus 

Fu-fid'i-us 

Ga-re'a-taa 


* Erythea . — 

“ Chrysaor, Love the guide, Calliroe led, 

Daughter of Ocean, to the genial bed. 

Whence Geryon sprung, fierce with his triple head ; 
Whom Hercules laid breathless on the ground 
In Erythea^ which the waves surround.” 

Cooke’s Hesiod, Theog. v. 523. 

t Eumenes . — It is not a little surprising that so elegant a 
writer as Hughes should, throughout the whole tragedy of the 
Siege of Damascus, accent this word on the penultimate syl- 
lable j especially as there is not a single proper name, of 


more than two syllables, in the Greek or Latin languages, of 
this termination, which has the penultimate syllable long. 
Leo has done the same in the tragedy of Alexander, which 
would lead us to suppose there is something naturally repug- 
nant to an English ear in the antepenultimate accentuation of 
these words, and something agreeable in the penultimate. 

J Euthalia . — Labhe observes, that this word does not come 
from the muse Thalia, as some suppose, but from the mascu- 
line Euthalius, as Eulalia.^ Eumenia, Eustolia, Eutropia, Em~ 
melia, &c., which are professedly accented on the antepenul- 
timate. — See Rule 29. 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


963 


GL 

Ga-re-ath'y-ra 

Gar-ga^nus* 

Gar-ga'plii-a 

Gar'ga-ra 7 

Gar'ga-ris 

Ga-iil'i-us 

Gar-git'ti-us 

Ga-ri'tes 

Ga-rutn^na 

Gas'tron 

Gath'e-ae 4 

Ga-the'a-tas 

Gau'lus, Gau'le-on 

Gau'rus 

Ga'u3, Ga'os 

Ge-beii'na 9 

Ge-dro'si-a 11 

Ge-ga'ni-i 4 

Ge^la 

Ge-Ia'nor 

Gel'li-a 

Gel'li-as 

Gel'li-u3 

Ge'lo, Ge'lon 

Ge'lo-i 3 

Ge-lo'nes, Ge-lo'ni 

Ge'Ios 

Ge-min'i-us 

Gern'i-nu3 

Ge-na'bum 

Ge-nau'ni 

Ge-ne'na 

Ge-ni'sus 

Ge'ni-us 

Gen'se-ric 

Geo'ti-us 10 

Gen'ii-a 

Ge-nu'ci-us 10 

Go-?iu'sus 

Ge-nu'ti-a 11 

Ge-or'gi-ca 

Oeor‘ SLCs (Eng.) 

Ge-phyb'a 

Ge-pliyi'cB-i 3 

Ge-ra'ni-a 

Ge-ran'thrae 

Ge-rns'ti-cus 

Ger'gi-tlmni 9 

Ger-go'bi-a 

Ge'ri-on 

Ger-ma'ni-a 

Ger-mun'i-cus 

Ger-ma^ni-i 4 

Ge-ron'thrae 

Ger^rhae 

Ge^rus, and Ger'rhus 
Ge'ry-on 9, and 
Ge-ry'o-nes 
Ges'sa-ta) 

Ges'sus 

Ge^ta 9 

Ge'tje 

Ge-tu'li-a 

Gi-gan'tes 

Gi-gar^tum 

Gi'gig 

Gil'do 

Gil'lo 

Gin-da'ncs 

Gin'des 

Gin'ge 

Gin-gu^num 

Gip'pi-us 

Gis'co 

Gla-di-a-to'ri-i 4 
Gla'nis 

Glapb'y-rc, and 
Glaph'y-ra 
Glaph'y-rus 
Glau'ce 
Glau-cip'pe 


GY 

Glau-cip'pus 
Glau'con 
Glau-con^o-me 
Glau-co^pis 
Glau'cus 
Glau'ti-as 
Gli'con 
Glis'sas 
Glyc'e-ra 
Gly-ce'ri-um 
Gly'con 
GlymT^s 
Gna'ti-a 13 10 
Gni^dus 
Gnos'si-a 10 
Gnos'sis 
Gnos'sus 
Gob-a-nit'i-o 10 
Go bar 
Gob'a-res 
Gob'ry-as 
Gol'gi 
Gom'phi 
Go-na'tas 
Go-ni'a-des 
Go-nip/pus 
Go-noes'sa 
Go-nus^sa 
Gor-di-a'nus 
GorMi-um 
Gor'di-us 
Gor-ga'sus 
Gor'ge 8 
Gor'gi-as 
Gor'go 
Gor'go-nes 
Gor-go'ni-a 
Gor-go iii-us 
Gor-goph'o-ne 
Gor-goph'o-ra 
Gor'gus 
Gor-gyth'i-on 
Gor'tu-ce 
Gor'tyn 
Gor-ty'na 
Gor-tyn'i-a 
Gor'tys 
Got^thi 3 
Grac'chus 12 
Gra-di'vus 
Gras'ci 3 
Graj'ci-a 11 
Gree'ci-a Mag'na 
Graa-ci'nus 
Grae'cus 
Gra6-us 
Gra-ni'cu9, or 
Gran'i-cus| 
Gra'ni-us 
Gra^ti-8B 10 
Gra-ti-a^iU9 21 
Gra-tid'i-a 
Gra'ti-on 11 
Gra'ti-us 10 
Gra'vi-i 4 
Gra-vis'cas 
Gra'vi-us 
Gre-go'ri-us 
Grin'nes 
Gro'phus 
Gryl'lus 
Gry-ne'um 
Gry-ne'us 
Gry-ni'um 

Gy'a-rus, and Gy'a-ros 

Gy'as 

Gy-gae'us 

Gy'ge 

Gy'ges 9 

Gy'es 

Gy-lip^pu3 


IIA 

'Gym-na'si-a 11 
Gym-na^si-um 11 
Gym-ne'si-ffi 11 
Gym/ne-tes 
Gyin-nos-o-phis'tas 
Jim-nos' o-phists 
(Eng.) 9 
Gy-ntB'co-a3 
Gy n-aj-oo-thoe/nas 
Gyn'des 
Gy-the'um 


H. 

HA'BIS 

Ha-dri-a-nop'o-lis 
IJa-dri-a'nus 23 
Ha-dri-at'i-curn 
llao'mon 
Hae-mo^ni-a 
Hae'mus 
Ha'ges 
Hag'no 
Hag-nag'o-ra 
Ha-lae'sus, and 
Ha-le'sus 
HaPa-la 
Hal-cy'o-ne 8 
Hailes 

Ila-Ie^si-U3 11 
Ha'li-a 

Ha-li-ac'mon 21 

Ila-li-ar'tu3 21 

Hal-i-car-nas^sus 

Ha-lyc'y-33 11 24 

Ha-li'e-is 

Ha-lim'e-de 

IIal-ir-rho'ti-U3 10 

Hal-i-ther'sus 

Ha'li-us 20 

Hal i-zo'nes 21 

HaPnms 

HaJ-my-de3'sus 

Ha-loc'ra-te3 

Ha-lobie 

rial-on-ne'su3 

Ha-lo'ti-a 10 

Ha-lo'tus 

Ha^lus 

IIal-y-a}'tu3 

Hal-y-at'tes 

Ha^lys 

Ha-lyz6-a 11 
Ilam-a-dry/a-Hles 
Ha-max'i-a 
Ha-mil'car 
Ham'nion 
Han'ni-bal 
Har'ca-Io 
Har-ma-te'li-a 
Har^ma-tris 
Ha-mil'lus 
Har-mo'di-us 
Har-mobii-a 
Har-mon'i-des 
Har'pa-gu3 
Har-pal'i-ce 
Har-pa'Ii-on 
Har'pa-lu3 
Har-pal'y-ce 8 
:Iar-paPy-cus 
4ar'pa-sa 
lar'pa-sus 
dar-poc'ra-tes 
!4ar-py'i-SB 4 
Har'pies (Eng.) 
4a-ru^spex 
4as'dru-bal 
4a-te'ri-us 


HE 

Hau'sta-ne3 
Heb'do-le 
He'be 8 
Ile-be'sus 
lle'brus 
Ilec'a-le 
Ilec-a-le'si-a 
Ilec-a-meMe 
llec-a-tae'us 
Hec'a-te 8, or 
Hex'ate t_Eng.) 
Hec-a-te'si-a 11 
Hec-a-tom-bo'i-a 
Hec-a-tom-pho'ni-a 
Hec-a-tom'po-lis 
Hec-a-tom 'py-Io3 
Ilec'tor 
Hec'u-ba 
Hed^i-la 
He-don'a-cum 
Hed'u-i 3 
He-dym'e-les 
He-gel'o-chus 
He-ge'mon;|; 
Heg-e-si'nu3 
Heg-e-si^a-nax 
He-ge^si-as 
Heg-e-sil'o-chus 
Hog-e-sin^o us 
Heg-e-sip'pus 
Heg-c-sip'y-Ie 
Heg-e-sis'tra tus 
Heg-e-tor'i-des 
Ilel'e-na 7 
Me-le'ni-a 
He-le'nor 
Hel'e-nus 
Ho-]er'ni Lu'cus 
He-li^a-des 
Hc-li-as'tae 
Hcl-i-ca'on 
Hel'i-ce 
Hel'i-con 
He 1-i-co-n i ' a-des 
Hel-i-co'nis 
He-li-o-do'nis 21 
He-I i-o-ga b ' a-1 U3$ 
He-li-op'o-lis 
He-]is'son 
Honi-us 
He-]ix'us 
Hel-lan'i-ce 
Hel-lan'i-cus 
Hel-la-noc'ra-tes 
Hel'las 
Ilel'Je 8 
Hel'len 
Hel-le'nes 
Hel-le-spon^tus 
Hel-lo^pi-a 
Plel-lo'ti-a 10 
He-lo'ris 
He-lo'rum, and 
He-lo'rus 
HeMos 

Ke-lo't 0 B, and He-lo'tes 

He'lum 

Hel-ve'ti-a 10 

HeWe'ti-i 4 

Hel'vi-a 

Hel/vi-i 4 

Ilel-vi^na 

Hel'vi-us Cin'na 

Hel'y-mus 

He-nia^thi-on 

He-inith'e-a 

He'-mon 

Hebnus 

Hen'e-ti 3 

He-ni'o-chi 3 

He-pha?s'ti-a 


HE 

Hc-phass'ti-i 4 

He-pbais^ti-o 

He-phres'ti-on 11 

Hep-ta-pho'nos 

Hep-lap'o-lis 

Hep-tap 'y-los 

He'ra 7 

Her-a-cle'a 

Her-a-cle'i-a 

He-rac'le-um 

PIc-rac-le-o'tes 

Her-a-cli'dae 

Her-a-di'dis 

Her-a-cli'des 

Her-a-c]i'lus|| 

He-racHi-us 

He-raa'a 

He-raB^um 

Her-bes^sus 

Her-ce'i-us 

Her-cu-la^ne-um 

Her'cu-les 

Her-cu'le-um 

Her-cuMe-us 

Her-cy'na 

Her-cyn^i-a 

Her-do'ni-a 

Her-do'ni-us 

He-ren'ni-us Se-ne'ci-o 

He' re-US 

Ile-ril'lus 

Her-i lus 

Her'ma-chus 

Her^nae 

Her-niae^a 

Iler-mae'um <r 

Her-mag'o-ras 

Her-man-du'ri 

Her-manbii 

Her-maph-ro-di'tus 

Her-ma-the'na 

Her-ine'as 

Her-me'i-as 

Iler'nies 

Her-me-si'a-nax 

Her-mi'as 

Her-inin'i-us 

Her-mi'o-ne 

Her-mi-o'ni-ae 

Her-ini-on'i-cus Si'nus 

Her-mip'pus 

Her-moc'ra-tes 

Her-ino-do^rus 

Her-mog^e-nes 

Her-ino-ia'us 

Her-mo-ti'mus 

Her-niun-du'ri 

Her'mus 

Her'ni-ci 4 

He'ro 

He-ro'des 

Ple-ro-di-a'nus 21 

He-rod'i-cu3 

He-rod'^o-tus 

Her'o-es 

He-ro'is 

He'ron 

He-roph'i-Ia 

He-roph'i-lus 

He-ros'tra-tU9 

HerTa 

Her'se 

Her-siVi-a 

PJer'tha, and Her'la 

Her'u-li 

He-sae'nus 

He-si'o-dus 

Ile'ihe-od (Eng.) 10 

He-si'o-no 

Hes-pe'ri-a 

ries-per'i-des 


* Oarganus . — 

“ And high Oarganus, on the Apulian plain, 

Is mark’d by sailors from the distant main.” 

Wilkie, Epigoniad. 

f Oranicus . — As Alexander’s passing the river Qranicus is 
a common subject of history, poetry, and painting, it is not 
wonderful that the common ear should have given into a pro- 
nunciation of this word more agreeable to English analogy 
than the true classical accent on the penultimate syllable. 
The accent on the first syllable is now so fixed, as to make the 
otho" oronunciation savor of pedantry. — See Andronicus. 

% Etgemon . — Gouldrnan and Holyoke accent this word on 


the antepenultimate syllable, but Labbe and Lemprierc, more 
classically, on the penultimate. 

^ Heliogabalus — This word is accented on the penultimate 
syllable by Labbe and Lcmpriere j but, in my opinion more 
agreeably to the general ear, by Ainsworth, Gouldrnan and 
Holyoke, on the antepenultimate. 

II Heraclitus . — This name of the weeping philosopher is so 
frequently contrasted with that of Democritus, the laughing 
philosopher, that we are apt to pronounce both with the same 
accent ; but all our prosod ists are uniform in giving the ante- 
penultimate accent to the latter, and the penultimate to the 
former word. 


964 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. • 




HI 

HO 

HY 

lA 

IL 

Hes'pe-ris 

Hip-pod'a-me 

Hor-a-pol'lo 

Hyp'a-nis 

I-ar'chas 

Hes-per'i-tis 

Hip-po-da-mi'a 30 

Ho-ra'ti-us 

Hyp-a-ri'nus 

I-ar'da-nus 

Hes'pe-rus 

Hip-pod'a-mus 

Hoi'' ace (Eng.) 

Hy-pa'tes 

I-as'i-des 

Hes'ti-a 

Hip-pod'i-ce 

Hor'ci-as 10 

Hyp'a-tha 

I-a'si-on 11, and 

Hes-ti-ae/a 7 

Hip-pod'ro-mus 

Hor-mis'das 

Hy-pe'nor 

I-a'si-u3 

He'sus 

Hip'po-la 

Ho-ra'tus 

Hy-pe-ra'on 

I'a-sus 

He-sych'i-a 

Hip-pol'o-chus 

Hor-ten'si-a 10 

IIy-per'bi-U3 

I-be'ri 

He-sych'i-us 

Hip-pohy-te 8 

Hor-ti'num 

Hyp-er-bo're-i 

I-be'ri-a 

He-tric'u-lum 

Hip-poPy-tus 

Hor-ten'si-us 10 

Hy-pe're-a, and 

I-be'rus 

He-trufti-a 

Hip-pom'a-chus 

Hor-to'na 

Hy-pe'ri-a 

I'bi 3 

Heu-rip'pa 

Hip-pom'e-don 

Ho'rus 

Hyp-e-re'si-a 11 

I'bis 

Hex-ap'y-lum 

Hip-pom'e-ne 

Hos-til'i-a 

Hy-per'i-des 

Ib'y-cus 

Hi-ber'ni-a, and 

Hip-pom'e-nes 

Hos-til'i-us 

Hy-pe-ri'on 29 

I-ca'ri-a 

Hy-ber'ni-a 

Hip-po-mohgi 

Hun-ne-ri'cus 

Hyp-erm-nes'tra 

I-ca'ri-us 

Hi-brihdes 

Hip'pon, and Hip'po 

Hun-ni'a-des 

Hy-per'o-chus 

Ic'a-rus 

Hic-e-ta'on 24 

Hip-po'na 

Hy-a-cin'thi-a 

Hy-per-och'i-des 

Ic'ci-us 10 

His-e-ta'on 

Hip'po-nax 

Hy-a-cin'thus 

Hy-phaj'us 

Ic'e-los 

Hi-ce-tas 

Hip-po-ni'a-tes 

Hy'a-des 

Hyp'sa 

I-ce'ni 

Hi-emp'sal 

Hip-po'ni-um 

Hy-ag'nis 

Hyp-se'a 

Ic'e-tas 

Hi'e-ra 

Hip-pon'o-us 

Hy'a-la 

Hyp-se'nor 

Ich'nae 

Hi-e-rap'o-lis d 

Hip-pop^o-des 

Hy-am'po-lis 

Hyp-se'us 

Ich-nu'sa 

Hi'e-rax 

Hip-pos'tra-tus 

Hy-an'thes 

Hyp-si-cra-te'a 

Ich-o-nu'phis 

Hi'e-ro 

Hip-pot'a-des 

Hy-an'tis 

Hyp-sic'ra-tes 

Ich-thy-oph'a-gi 3 

Hi-e-ro-ce^pi-a 

Hip'po-tas, or 

Hy-ar'bi-ta 

Hyp-sip 'y-le 

Ich'thys 

Hi-er^o-cles 

Hip'po-tes 

Hy'as 

Hvr-ca'ni-a 

I-ciPi-us 

Hi-e-ro-du'lum 

Hip-poth'o-e 

Hy'bla 

Hyr-ca'num Ma're 

Ic'i-us 10 

Hi-er-om'ne-mon 

Hip-poth'o-on 

Hy-bre'as, or Hyb're-asj 

Hyr-ca'nus 

I'cos 

Hi-o-ro-ne'sos 

Hip-poth-o-on'tis 

Hy-bri'a-nes 

Hyr'i-a 

Ic-ti'nus 

Hi-e-ron i-ca 30 

Hip-poth'o-us 

Hyc'ca-ra 

Hy-ri'e-us, and Hyr'e-us 

Pda 

Hi-e-ron'i'Cus 

Hip-po'ti-on 11 

Hy'da, and Hy'do 

Hyr-mi'na 

i-dae'a 

Hi-e-ron'y-mus 

Hip-pu'ris 

Hyd'a-ra 

Hyr'ne-to, and 

I-dae'us 

Hi-e-roph'i-lus 

Hip'pus 

Hy-dar'nes 

Hyr'ne-tho 

Id'a-lus 

Hi-e-ro-sohy-ma 

Hip'si-des 

Hy-das'pes 

Hyr-nith'i-um 

Hyr'ta-cus 

Id-an-thyr'sus 

Hig-nafti-a Vi'a 

Hi'ra 

Hy'dra 

I-dar'nes 

Hi-lahi-a 

Hir-pi'ni 4 

Hy-dra'mi-a 30 

Hvs'i-a 11 

I'das 

Hi-la'ri-us 

Hir-pi'nus, Q- 

Hv-dra-o'tes 

Hys'pa 

Id'e-a$ 28 

Hi-mehla 

Hir'ti-a 10 

Hy-droch'o-us 

Hys'sus, and Hys'si 3 

I-des'sa 

Him'e-ra 

Hir'ti-us Au'lus 

Hy-dro-pho'ri-a 

Hys-tas'pes 

I-dit-a-ri'sus 

Hi-mihco 

Hir'tus 

Hy'drus 

Hys-ti-e'us 

Id'mon 

Hip-pag'o-ras 

His^bon 

Hy-dru'sa 

I-dom 'e-ne 8 

Hip-paPci-mus 

His-pa'ni-a 

Hy'e-la 


I-dom-e-ne'us, or 

Hip'pa-lus 

His-pel'lum 

Hy-emp'sal 


I-dcm'e-neus|| 

Hip-par'chi-a 12 

His'po 

Hy-et'tus 

I* 

I-do'the-a 

Hip-par'chus 

His-pul'la 

Hy-ge'i-a 


I-dri'e-us 

Hip-pa-ri^nus 

His-tas'pes 

Hy-gi'a-na 

I'A 

I-du'be-da 

Hip-pa'ri-on 

His'ter Fa-cu'vi-us 

Hy-gi'nus 

I-ac'chus 

1-du'me, and Id-u-me'a 

Hip'pii-sus 

His-ti-oe'a 

Hy'la, and Hy'las 

I-a'der 

I-dy'i-a 

Hip'pe-us 

His-ti-ae'o-tis 

Hy-lac'i-des 

I-a-le'mus 

I-e'tae 

Hip'pi 3 

His-ti-ae'us 

Hy-lac'tor 

I-al'me-nus 

Ig'e-ni 

Hip'pi-a 

His'tri a 

Hy'lae 

I-aPy-sus 

Ig-na'ti-us 10 

Hip'pi-as 

Hip'pis 

Hip'pi-us 

Ho'di-us 

Hv-lae'us 

I-am'be 

Il-a-i'ri 

Hol'o-cron 

Hy'las 

I-am'bli-cus 

IPba 

Ho-me'rus 

Hy'lax 

I-am'e-nus 

Il-e-ca'o-nes, and 

Hip'po 

Ho'mer (Eng.) 

HyPi-as 

I-am'i-dae 

Il-e-ca-o-nen'ses 

Hip-pob^o-tes 

Hom'o-le 

Hyl-la'i-cus 

I-a-ni'ra 

I-ler'da 

Hip-pob'o-tus 

Ho mo'le-a 

HyPlus 

I-an'the 

IPi-a, or Rhe'a 

Hip-po-cen-taufti 

Hom-o-lip'pus 

Hy-lon'o-me 

I-an'the-a 

l-li'a-ci Lu'di 3 

Hip-poc'o-on 

Hom-o-io'i-des 

Hy-loplPa-gi 3 

I-ap-e-ron'i-des 

I-li'a-cus 

Hip-po-cor-ysftes 

Ho-mon-a-den'ses 

Hym-e-nae'us, and 

I-ap'e-tusJ 

I-li'a-des 

Hip-pocfta-tes 

Ho-no'ri-us 

Hy'men 

I-a'pis 

IPi-as 

Hip-po-cra'ti-a 11 

Ho'ra 

Hy-met'tus 

I-a-pyg'i-a 

I Pi-on 

Hip-po-cre^ne* 7 

Ho-rac'i-tse 24 

Hy-pse'pa 

I-a'pyx 

I-li'o-ne 

Hip-pod'a-mas 

Ho‘rae 

Hy-pae'si-a 11 

I-ar'bas 

Il-i-o'ne-us, or 


* Hippocrene. — Nothing can be better established than the 
pronunciation of'this word in four syllables according to its 
original ; and yet such is the license of English poets, that they 
not unfrequently contract it to three. Thus Cooke, Hesiod. 
Theos- V. 9. 

“ And now to Hippocrene resort the fair ; 

Or, Olmius, to thy sacred spring repair.” 

And a late translator of the Satires of Persius : 

“ Never did I so much as sip. 

Or wet with Hippocrene a lip.” 

This contraction is inexcusable, as it tends to embarrass pro- 
nunciation, and lower the language of poetry. 

t Hyhreas. — Lempriere accents this word on the penultimate 
syllable ; hut Labbe, Gouldman, and Holyoke, more properly, 
on the antepenultimate. 

I lapetus. — “Son of Idpetus, o’er-subtle, go. 

And glory in thy artful theft below.” 

Cooke’s Hesiod. 

$ Idea. — This word, as a proper name, I find in no lexicog- 
rapher but Lempriere. The English appellative, signifying an 
image in the mind, has uniformly the accent on the second 
syllable, as in the Greek ihia^ in opposition to the Latin, which 
we generally follow in other cases, and which, in this word, 
has the penultimate short, in Ainsworth, Labbe, and our best 
prosodists *, and, according to this analogy, idea ought to have 
the accent on the first syllable, and that syllable short, as the 


first of idiot. But when this word is a proper name, as the 
daughter of Dardanus, I should suppose it ought to fall into 
the general analogy of pronouncing Greek names, not by ac- 
cent, but by quantity ; and, therefore, that it ought to have the 
accent on the first syllable ; and, according to our own analo- 
gy, that syllable ought to be short, unless the penultimate in 
the Greek is a diphthong, and then, according to general usage, 
it ought to have the accent. 

II Tdomeneus. — The termination of nouns in eus was, among 
the ancients, sometimes pronounced in two syllables, and some- 
times, as a diphthong, in one. Thus Labbe tells us, that 
jichillevs^ Jiffyleiis^ Phalareiis, .^psirteiis, are pronounced 
commonly in four syllables, and J\Terevs, Orpheus, PorteiiSj 
Terens, in three, with the penultimate syllable short in all ; 
but that these words, when in verse, have generally the diph- 
thong preserved in one syllable : 

“ Eumenidum veluti demens videt agmina Pentheus.” Virq. 
He observes, however, that the Latin poets very frequently 
dissolved the diphthong into two syllables : 

“ Naiadum ccetu, tantum non Orpheus Hebrum 
Pcenaque respectus, et nunc manet Orpheus in te.” 

The best rule, therefore, that can be given to an English 
reader is, to pronounce words of this termination always with 
the vowels separated, except an Engh'sh poet, in imitation of 
the Greeks, should preserve the diphthong j but, in the present 
word, I should prefer I-dom' e-neus to / dom-e~ne'us, whether 
in verse or prose. 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


065 


IN 


IS 


IT 


JU 


I-li'o-neus* 

In'u-us 

I-sar'chus 12 

It'y-lus 

I-lis'sus 

I-ny'cus 

I-sau'ri-a 

It-y-ro3'i 3 

I“lith-y-i'a 

I'o 1 

I-sau'ri-cus 

I'tys 

Il'i-um, or Il'i-on 

I-ob'a-tes 

I-sau'rus 

I-u'lus 

Il-lib'e-ris 

I'o-bes 

Is che'ni-a 12 

Ix ib'a-t8B 

Il-l*y'u-la 

I-o-la'i-a 

Is-cho-la'us 

Ix-i'on 

Il-li-tur'gis 

I'o-las, or I-o-la'us 

Is-chop'o-lis 

Ix-i-on'i-des 

Il-lyr'i-cum 
Il'ly-ris, and Il-lyr'i-a 
Il-lyr'i-cus Si'nus 
Il-Iyr'i-U3 

I-ol'chos 
I'o-1e 1 8 
I'on 

I-o'ne 8 

Is-com'a chus 
Is'i-a 10 
Is-de-ger'des 
Is-i-do'rus 

J. 

Il'u-a 7 
I-lyr'gis 

I-o'nes 

I-o'ni-a 

Is'i-dore (Eng.) 
I'sis 

JA-NIC'U-LUM 

I'lus 

I-o'pas 

Is'ma-rus, and Is'ma-ra 

Ja'nus 

I-man-u-cn'ti-us 10 

I'o-pe 

Is-me'ne 8 

Jar'chas 

Im'a-usf 

I'o-phon 

Is-me'ni-as 

Ja*'son 

Im'ba-rus 

I'os 

Is-men'i-des 

Jen'i'sus 

Im-brac'i-des 

Ip'e-pae 

Is-me'nus 

Je'ra 

Im-bras'i-des 

Iph-i-a-nas'sa 

I-soc'ra-tes 

Je-ro'mus, and 

Im'bra-sus 

Iph'i-clus, or Iph'i-cles 

Is'sa 7 

Je-ron'y-mus 

Im'bre-us 

I-phic'ra-tes 

Is'se 8 

Je-ru'sa-lem 

Im'bri-us 

I-phid'a-rnus 

Is'sus 

Jo-ba'tes 

Im-briv'i-um 

Iph-i-de-mi'a 

Is'ter, and Is'trus 

Jo-cas'ta 

Im'bros 

Iph-i-ge-ni'a| 

Ist'hmi-a 

Jop'pa 

In'a-chi 3 12 

Iph-i-me-di'a$ 

Ist'hmi-us 

Jor-da'nes 

I-na'chi-a 

I-phim'e-don 

Ist'hmus 

Jor-nan'des 

I-nach'i-dae 

Iph-i-me-du'sa 

Is-ti-8e'o-tis 

Jo-se'phus Fla'vi-us 

I-nach'i-des 

I-phin'o-e 8 

Is'tri-a 

Jo vi-a'nus 

I-na'chi-um 

I-phin'o-us 

Is-trop'o-lis 

Jo'vi-an (Eng.) 

In'a-chus 12 

I'phis 

I'sus 

Ju'ba 

I-nam'a-mes 

I-phit'i-on 11 

I-ta'li-a 7 

Ju-dae'a 

I-nar'i-mo 8 

Iph'i-tus 

It'a-ly (Eng.) 

Ju-gan'tes 

In'a-rus 

Iph'thi-me 

I-tal'i-ca 

Ju-ga'ri-u3 

In-ci-ta'tus 

Ip-se'a 29 

I-tal'i-cus 

Ju-gur'tha 

In-da-thyr'sus 

I'ra 1 7 

It'a-lus 

Ju'li-a 7 

In'di-a 

I-re ne 

I-tar'gris 

Ju-li'a-des 

In-dig'e-tes 
In-dig'e-ti 3 

Ir-c-nae'us 

It'e-a 20 

Ju-li-a'nus 

I-re'sus 

I-tem'a-les 

Ju'li-an (Eng.) 

In'dus 

I'ris 

Ith'a-ca 

Ju'li-i 4 

I'no 1 

I'rus 

I-thob'a-lus 

Ju-li-o-ma'gus 

[-no'a 7 

Is'a-das 

I-tho'me 

Ju-li-op'o-lis 

I-no'pu9 

I-S0o'a 7 

Ith-o-ma'i-a 

Ju'lis 

I-no'us 

I-saj'us 

I-tho'mus 

Ju'li-us Cae'sar 

I-no'res 

Is'a-mus 

Ith-y-phal'lus 

Ju'ni-a 7 

In'su-bres 

I-san'der 

I-to'ni-a 7 

Ju'no 

In-ta-pher'nes 

I-sa'pis 

I-to'nus 

Ju-no-na'li-a 

In-te-ram'na 

I'sar, and Is'a-ra 

It-u-rse'a 

Ju-no'nes 

In-ter-ca'ti-a 11 

I'sar, and I-sae'us 

I-tu'rum 

Ju-no'ni-a 


LA 

Ju-no'nis 

Ju'pi-ter 

Jus-ti'nus 

Ju-tur'na 

Ju-ve-na'lis 

Ju've-nal (Eng.) 

Ju-ven'tas 

Ju-ver'na, or Ili-bcr'ni-a 


L. 


LA-AN'DER 
La~ar'chus 
Lab'a-ris 
Lab'da 
Lab'da-cus 
LabMa-lon 
La'be-o 
La-be'ri-us 
La-bi'ci 4 
La-bi'cum 
La-bi-e^nus 
Lab-i-ne'tus 
La-bo' bi-US 
La-bob'ri-gi 3 
La-bo'tas 
La-bra'de-us 
Lab-y-rin'thus 
La-ccR'na 
Lac-e-dae'mon 
Lac-e-daB-mo'ni-i 
Lac-e-daein'o-nes 
Lac-e-d e-mo ' ni-ans 
(Eng.) 

La-cer'ta 

Lach'a-res 

La'ches 1 12 

Lach'e-sis|j 

Lac'i-das 

La-ci'des 

La-cin'i-a 

La-cin-i-on'ses 

La-cin'i-um 

Lac'mon 

La'co 1 

La-cob'ri-ga 


* See Idomeneus. 

f Imaus. — All our prosodists make the penultimate syllable 
of this word short, and, consequently, accent it on the antepe- 
nultimate *, but Milton, by a license he was allowed to take, 
accents it on the penultimate syllable : 

“ As when a vulture on Iviaiis bred. 

Whose snowy ridge the roving Tartar bounds.” 
Iphigenia. — The antepenultimate syllable of this word had 
bo(!n in quiet possession of the accent for more than a century, 
till some Greeklings of late have attempted to place the stress 
on the penultimate, in compliment to the original l(f)iyev£ia. 
If we ask our innovators on what principles they pronounce 
this word with the accent on the t, they answer, because the i 
stands for the diphthong Ci, which, being long, must necessa- 
rily have the accei.t on it : but it may be replied, this was in- 
deed the case in the Latin language, but not in the Greek, 
where we find a thousand long penultimates without the ac- 
cent. It is true, one of the vowels which composed a diph- 
thong in Greek, when this diphthong was in the penultimate 
syllable, generally had an accent on it, but not invariably 5 for 
a long penultimate syllable did not always attract the accent 
in Greek as it did in Latin. An instance of this, among thou- 
sands, is that famous line of dactyles in Homer’s Odyssey, ex- 
pressing the tumbling down of the stone of Sisyphus : 

‘‘ Avris enura -:iiSov6e KvXhSeTO \das dvaiSi'/g.^’ 

Odyss. b. II. 

Another striking instance of the same accentuation appears 
in the two first verses of the Iliad : 

M^viv detSe Qed Urj'XrjidScoj, 

Ov^of/ivrjv, ^ ^ A')(a.LoXg u\ye 

I know it may be said that the written accents we see on 
Greek words are of no kind of authority, and that we ought 
always to give accent to penultimate long quantity, as the 
Latins did. Not here to enter into a dispute about the au- 
thority of the written accents, the nature of the acute, and its 
connexion with quantity, which has divided the learned of 
Eiirope for so many years — till vve have a clearer idea of the 
nature of the human voice, and the properties of speaking 
sounds, which alone can clear the difficulty — for the sake of 
uniformity, perhaps it were better to adopt the prevailing mode 
of pronouncing Greek proper names like the Latin, by making 


the quantity of the penultimate syllable the regulator of the 
accent, though contrary to the genius of Greek accentuation, 
which made the ultimate syllable its regulator ; and, if this 
syllable was long, the accent could never rise higher than 
the penultimate. Perhaps in language, as in laws, it is not 
of so much importance that the rules of either should be 
exactly right, as that they should be certainly and easily 
known ; — so the object of attention in the present case is not 
so much what ought to be done, as what actually is done ; — 
and, as pedantry will always be more pardonable than illit- 
eracy, if we are in doubt about the prevalence of custom, it 
will always be safer to lean to the side of Greek or Latin 
than of our own language. 

$ Iphimedia . — This and the foregoing word have the accent 
on the same syllable, but for what reason cannot be easily 
conceived. That Iphigenia, having the diphthong a in its 
penultimate syllable, should have the accent on that syllable, 
though not the soundest, is at least a plausible reason ; but 
why should our prosodists give the same accent to the i in 
Iphimedia 1 which, coming from i(pt and p.cSio), has no such 
pretensions. If they say it has the accent in the Greek word, 
it may be answered, this is not esteemed a sufficient reason for 
placing the accent in Iphigenia ,* besides, it is giving up the 
sheet-anchor of modern prosodists, the quantity, as the regu- 
lator of accent. We know it was an axiom in Greek prosody, 
that, when the last syllable was long by nature, the accent 
could not rise beyond the penultimate 5 but we know, too, that 
this axiom is abandoned in Demosthenes, Aristoteles, and a 
thousand other words. The only reason, therefore, that re- 
mains for the penultimate accentuation of this word, is, that 
this syllable is long in some of the best poets. Be it so. Let 
those who have more learning and leisure than I have find it 
out. In the interim, as this may perhaps be a long one, I must 
recur to my advice under the last word ; though Ainsworth has, 
in my opinion, very properly left the penultimate syllable of both 
these words short, yet those who affect to be thought learned 
will always find their account in departing, as far as possible, 
from the analogy of their own language in favor of Greek and 
Latin. 

II Lachesis . — 

“ Clotho and Lachesis, whose boundless sway, 

With Atropos both men and gods obey.” 

Cooke’s Hesiod. Theog. v. 335. 


966 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES 


LA 

La-co'ni-a, and 
La-con 'i-ca 
Lac^ra-tes 
Lac'ri-nes 
Lac-tan'ti-us 10 
Lac'ter 
Lac'y-des 
Lac'y-dus 24 
La'das 
La'de 8 
La'des 
La'don 
Laj'laps 
LsD'Ii-a 
Lae-ii-a'nus 
La;'li-us, C. 

Lao'na, and Le-ae'na 
La?'ne-us 
LaD^pa Mag'na 
La-er'tes 

La-er'ti-us Di-og'e-nes 

Lae-stryg'o-nes 

Lae'ta 

La?-to'ri-a 

La?^tus 

Lae^n 3 


LA 

La-o-da^mi-a 30 

La-od'i-ce 8 

La-od-i-ce'a 

La-od-i-ce'ne 

La-od'o-chus 

La-og'o-nus 

La-og'o-ras 

La-og'o-re 8 

La-o-me-di'a* 30 

La-om'e-don 

La-om-e-don ^te-us 

La-om-e don-ti'a daa 

La-on 'o-me 8 

La-on-o-me'ne 

La-oth'o-e 8 

La'o-us 

Lap'a thus 

Laph'ri-a 

La-phys'ti-um 

La-pid^e-i 

La-pid'e-us 

Lap'i-thae 

Lap-i-thao'um 

Lap^i-tho 

Lap'i-thus 


Lae-vi'nus 

La-ren'ti-a, and 

La-ga'ri-a 

Lau-ren'ti-a 10 

La'gi-a 20 

La 'res 

Lag'i-des 

Lar'ga 

La-cin'i-a 

Lar'gus 

La'gus 

La-ri'des 

La-gu'sa 

La-ri'na 

La-gy'ra 6 

La-ri'num 

La-i'a-des 3 

La-ris'sa 

La'i-as 

La-ris'sus 

La'is 

La'ri-us 

La'i-us 

Lar'nos 

Ijal'a-ge 

La-ro'ni-a 

La-las'sis 

Lar'ti-us Flo'rus 

Lam'a-chus 

Lar-to-last'a-ni 

La-mal'mon 

Lar'vse 

Lam-bra'ni 3 

La-rym'na 

Lam'brus 

La-rys'i-um 11 

La'nji-a 

Las'si-a 10 

La-mi'a-cum bel'lum 

Las'sus, or La'sus 

La'mi-ae 

Las'the-nes 

Ija'ini-as Ai'li-us 

Las-the'ni-a, or 

La-mi'rus 

Las-the-ni'af 

Lam'pe-do 

Lat'a-gus 

Lam-pe'ti-a 10 

Lat-e-ra'nus Plau'tus 

Lam'pe-to, and 

La-te'ri-um 

Lam'pe-do 

La-ti-a'lis 

Lam'pe-us, and 

La-she-a'lis 

Lam'pi-a 

La-ti-a'ris 

Lam'pon, Lam'pos, or 

La-she-a'ris 

Lam'pus 

La-ti'ni 3 4 

Lam-po-no'a 

La-tin'i-us 

Lam-po'ni-a, and 

La-ti'nus 

Lam-po'ni-um 

La'ti-um 

Lam-po'ni-us 

La'she-um 

Lam-prid'i-us yE'li-us 

La'ti-us 10 

liam'pro-cles 

Lat'mus 

Lam'prus 

La-to'i-a 

Lamp'sa-cus, and 

La-to'is 

Lamp'sa-chum 

La-to'us 

Lamp-te'ri-a 

La-to'na 

Lam'pus 

La-top'o-lis 

La'mus 

La'tre-us 

Lam'y-rus 

Lau-do'ni-a 

La-nas'sa 

Lau-fel'la 

Lan'ce-a 10 

Lau'ra 

Lan'ci-a 10 

Luu're-a 

Lan'di-a 

Lau-ren-ta'li-a 

Lan'gi-a 

Lau-ren'tes a'gri 

Lan-go-bar'di 3 

Lau-ren'ti-a 10 

La-nu'vi-um 

Lau-ren-ti'ni 4 

La-o-bo'tas or Lab'o-tas 

Lau-ren'tum 

La-oc',o-on 

Lau-ren'ti-us 10 

La-od'a-mas 

Lau'ri-on 

* Laomedia . — 


LE 

Lau'ron 

La' us Pom pe'i-a 
Lau'sus 
Lau'ti-um 10 
La-ver'na 
Lav-i-a'na 7 
La-vin'i-a 
La-vin'i-um, or 
La-vi'num 
Le'a-des 
Le-ae'i 3 
Le-ae'na 
Le-an'der 
Le-an'dre 
Le-an'dri-as 
Le ar'chus 12 
Leb-a-de'a 

Leb'e-duSj or Leb'e-dos 
Le-be'na 
Le-bin'thos, and 
Le-byn'thos 
Le-chae'um 
Lec'y-tbus 24 
Le'da 
Le-dai'a 
Le'dus 
Le'gi-o 
Le'i-tus 4 
Le'laps 
Lel'e-ges 
Le'lex 
Le-man'nus 
Lem'nos 
Le-mo'vi-i 3 
Lem'u-res 
Le-mu'ri-a, and 
Le-mu-ra'li-a 
Le-nae'us 
r^n'tu-lus 
Le'o 

Le-o-ca'di-a 
Le-o-co'ri-on 
Le-oc'ra-tes 
Le-od'a-mas 
Le-od'o-cus 
Le-og'o-ras 
Le'on 
Le-o'na 
Le-on'a-tusJ 
Le-on'i-das 
Le-on'ti-um, and 
Le-on-ti'ni 4 
Le-on-to-cej)li'a-lus 
Le-on'ton, or 
Le-on-top'o-lis 
liO-on-tych'i-des 
Le'os 

Le-os'the-nes 
Le-o-tych'i-des 
Lep'i-da 
Lep'i-dus 
Le-phyr'i-um 
Le-pi'nus 
Le-pon'ti-i 4 
Le' pre-os 
Le'pri-um 
Lep'ti-nes 
Lep'tis 
Le'ri-a 
Le-ri'na 
Ler'na 
Le'ro 
Le'ros 

Les'bus, or Les'bos 
Les'ches 12 
Les-tryg'o-nes 
Le-ta'num 
Le-tb®'us 
Le'tbe 
Le'tus 


LI 

Leu'ca 
Leu'cas 
Leu-ca'tes 
Leu-ca'si-on 11 
Leu-cas'pis 
Leu'ce 
Leu'ci 3 
Leu-cip'pe 
Leu-cip'pi-des 
Leu-cip'pus 
Leu'co-]a 
Leu'con 
Leu-co'ne 8 
Leu-co'nes 
Leu-con 'o-e 
Leu-cop''e-tra 
Leu'co-phrys 
Leu-cop 'o-lis 
Leu'cos 
Leu-co'si-a 11 
Leu-co-syr'i-i 4 
Leu-coth'o-e. or 
Leu-co'the-a 
Leuc'tra 
Leuc'trum 
Leu'cus 
Leu-cy-a'ni-as 
Leu-tych'i-des 
Le-va'na 7 
Le-vi'nus 
Lex-o'vi-i 4 
Li-ba'ni-us 
Lib'a-nus 
Lib-en-ti'na 
Li'ber 
Lib'e-ra 20 
liib-er-a'li-a 
Li-ber'tas 
Li-be'tbra 
Li-beth'ri-des 
Lib'i-ci, Li-be'ci-i 
Lib-i-ti'na 
Li'bo 1 
Li'bon 

Lib-o-phoe-ni'ces 

Li'bri 4 

Li-bur'na 

Li-bur'ni-a 

Li-bur'ni-des 

Li-bur'num ma're 

Li-bur'nus 

Libs 

Lib'y-a 

Lib'y-cum ma're 
Lib'y-cus, and 
Li-bys'tis 
lii'bys 
Li-bys'sa 
Lic'a-tes 
Li'cha 
Li'chas 1 
Li'cbes 
Li-cin'i-a 
Li-cin'i-us 
Li-ci'nus 
Li-cym'ni-us 
Li'de 18 
lii-ga'ri-us 
Li-ge'a 
Li'ger 

Li'ger, or Lig'e-ris 

Lig'o-ras 

Lig'u-res 

Li-gu'ri-a 

Lig-u-ri'nus 

Li'gus 18 

Lig'y-es 

Li-gyr'gum 

Li-lae'a 

Lil-y-ba)'um 


LU 

Li-mae'a 

Li-me'ni-a 

Lim'n® 

Lim-nae'um 

Lim-na-tid'i-a 

Lim-ni'a-ce 

Lim-ni-o't 80 

Lim-no'ni-a 

Li'mon 

Lin-ca'si-i 4 

Lin'dus 

Lin'go-nes 

Lin-ter'na pa'lus 

Lin-ter'num 

Li'nus 

Li'o-des 

Lip'a-ra 

Lip'a-ris 

Liph'lum 

Lip-o-do'rus 

Li-quen'ti-a 

Lir-cae'us 

Li-ri'o-po 

Li'ris 

Li-sin'i-as 

Lis'son 

Lis'sus 

Lis'ta 

Lit'a-brum 

Lit'a-na 

Li-tav'i-cus 

Li-ter'num 

Lith-o-bo'li-a 

Li'thrus 

Li-tu'bi-um 

Lit-y-er'sas 

Liv'i-a Dru-sil'la 

Liv-i-ne'i-us 

Li-vil'Ia 

Li'vi-us 

Liv'y (Eng.) 

Lo'bon 
Lo'cc-us 10 
Lo'cha 
Lo'chi-as 
Lo'cri 
Lo'cris 
Lo-cus'ta 
Lo-cu'ti-us 10 
LoJ'Ii-a Pau-li'na 
Lol-li-a'nus 
Lol'li-us 
Lon-di'num 
Lon'don (Eng.) 
Lon-ga-re'nus 
Lon-gim'a-nus 
Lon-gi'nus 
Lon-go-bar'di 
Lon'gu-la 
Lon-gun'ti-ca 
Lor'di 3 
Lor'y-ma 
Lo'tis, or Lo'tos 
Lo-toph'a-gi 3 
Lo'us, and A'o-us 
lU'a 7 
lU'ca 

lu'ca-gus 20 
lU-ca'ni 3 
lU-ca'ni-a 
ru-ca'ni-us 
lU-ca'nus 
/^u'can (Eng.) 
jii-ca'ri a, or Lu-ce'ri-a 
<uc-ce'i-u3 
lu'ce-res 
lU-ce'ri-a 
lU-ce'ti-us 10 
lu'ci-a^ 
lU-ci-a'nus 


“ Evagore, Laomedia join, 

And thou, Polynome, the num’rous line. 

Cooke’s Hesiod. Theog. v. 399. 

See Iphigenia. 

t Lasthenia . — All the prosodisfs I have consulted, except 
Ainsworth, accent this word on the penultimate syllable ; and, 
though English analogy would prefer the accent on the ante- 
penultimate, we must necessarily yield to such a decided su- 
periority of votes for the penultimate in a word so little Angli- 
cised by use. — See Iphigenia. 

J Leonatus . — In the accentuation of this word I have fol- 
lowed Labbe and Lompriere ; the former of whom says — 


Gluanquam deliac voce amplius COgitandum cum eruditis viris 
existimem. 'Pin, then, these learned men have considered this 
word, I think we may be allowed to consider it as formed 
from the Latin leo and natus, Jind, as tl)e a in natus 

is long, no shadow of reason given why it should not 
have the accent. This is the accentuation constantly given 
to it in the play of Cymbeline, and is, in my opinion, the best. 


$ Lucia. — I?ji*l)be cries out loudly against those M'ho accent 
this word on the penultimate, which, as a Latin word, ought 
to have the accent on the antepenultimate syllable. If once, 
says he, we break through rules, why should we not pronounce 
Ainmia^ Anastasia^ Cecilia^ Leocadia, J\''atalia^ &c., with 
the accent on the penultimate likewise ^ — This ought to be a 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 967 


LY 

M.E 

MA 

MA 

ME 

Lu'ci-an (Eng.) 

Ly'gus 

Maen'a-lus 

Mar'a tha 

Mas-si hi-a 7 

Lu^ci-fer 

Ly-miTe 

Mae'ui-us 

Mar'a-thon 

Mas-sy'la 

Ma-su'ri-us 

Lu-cihi-us 

Lyhnax 

Mae'non 

Mar'a-thos 

Lu-cihla 

Lyn-ci'des 

Mie-ohii-a 

Mar-cehla 

Ma'tho 

JjU-ci'na 

Lyn-ces^tae 

Mae-on'i-daD 

Mar-cel-li^nus Am-mi- 

Ma-ti-eni 

Lu'ci-us 10 

Lyn-ces'tes 

Mae-on' i-des 

a^nus 

Ma-ti'nus 

Lu-cre'ti-a'lO 

Lyn-ces'ti-us 

Mse'o-nis 

Mar-cehlus 

Ma-tis'co 

Lu-cret'i-lis 

Lyn-ce'us 

Mae-o'tae 

Mar'ci-a 10 

Ma-tra'li-a 

Lu-cre'ti-us 10 

Lyn'cus, Lyn-cae^us, or 

M®-o'tis Pa^lus 

Mar-ci-a'na 

Ma-tro'na 

Lu-cri'num 

Lynx 

M»'si-a Syhva 11 

Mar-she-ahia 

Mat-ro-na'li-a 

Lu-cri'nus 

Lyn-ci'dae 

Moe'vi-a 

Mar-ci-a-nop'o-lis 

Mat-ti'a-ci 3 

Luc-ta'ti-us 10 

Lyr'cae 

Mac'vi-us 

Mar-ci-a'nus 10 

Ma-tu'ta 

Lu-cuhle-a 

Lyr-cae'us 

Ma'gas 

Mar'ci-us Sa-bihius 

Mau'ri 3 

Lu-cul'lus 

Lyr-ce'a 

Ma-gehla 

Mar-co-man'ni 

Mau-ri-ta'ni-a 

Lu'cu-mo 20 

Lyr'cus 

Mag'e-tae 

Mar'cus 

Mau'rus 

Lu'cus 

Lyr-nes'sus 

Ma'gi 

MarMi 3 

Mau-ru'si-i 4 11 

Lug-du'num 

Ly-san'dor 

Ma'gi-us 

Mar'di-a 

Mau-so'lus 

Li:'na 7 

Ly-sanMra 

Mag'na Grae'ci-a 

Mar-do^ni-us 

Ma'vors 

Lu'pa 

Ly-sa'ni-as 

Mag-nen'ti-us 10 

Mar'dus 

Ma-vor'ti-a 10 

Lu-per'cal* 

Ly'se 8 

Mag'nes 

Mar-e-o'tis 

Max-en'ti-us 10 

Lu-per-ca'li-a 

Ly-si^a-des 

Mag-ne'si-a 11 

Mar-gin'i-a, and 

Max-im-i-a'nus 

Lu-per'ci 3 

Lys-i-a-nas'sa 

Ma'go 

Mar-gi-a'ni-a 

Max-i-mil-i-a'na 

Lu-per'cus 

Ly-si^a-nax 

Ma'gon 

Mar-gi'tes 

Max-i-mi'nus 

Lu'pi-as, or Lu^pi-a 

Lys'i-as 11 

Mag-on-ti^a-cum 

Ma-ri'a or MaTi-a| 

Max'i-min (Eng.) 

Lu'pus 

Lys'i-cles 

Ma'gus 

Ma-ri^a-ba 

Max'i-mus 

Lu-si-tahii-a 

Ly-sid'i-ce 

Ma-her^bal 

Ma-ri-am'ne 

Maz'a-ca 

Lu-so'nes 

Ly-sim'a-che 

Ma'i-a 

Ma-ri-a'nae Fos^s® 

Ma-za^ces 

Lus'tri-cus 

Lys-i-ma'chi-a 

Ma-jes'tas 

Ma-ri-an-dy'num 

Ma-zae^us 

Lu-ta'ti-us 

Ly-sim^a-chus 

Ma-jo-ri-a'nus 

Ma-ri-a'nus 

Ma-za'res 

Lu-te'ri-us 

Ly s-i-mach ' i-des 

Ma-jor'ca 

Ma-ri^ca 

Maz'e-ras 

Lu-te'ti-a 10 

Lys-i-me'li-a 

Ma'la For-tu'na 

Ma-ri'ci 3 

Ma-zi'ces, and 

Lu-toTi-us 

Ly-sin'o-e 8 

Mal'a-cha 

Mar'i-cus 

Ma-zy'ges 

Ly-ae'us 

Ly-sip'pe 

Ma-le'a 

Ma-ri^na 

Me-cae'nas, or 

Lyubas 

Ly-sip'pus 

Mal'ho, or Ma'tho 

Ma-ri'nus 

Me-cce'nas 

Lyb'y-a, or Ly-bis'sa 

Ly^sis 

Ma'li-a 

Ma'ri-on 

Me-cha'ne-us 

Lyc'a-bas 

Ly-sis^tra-tus 

Ma'li-i 4 

Ma'ris 

Me-cis'te-us 

Lyc-a-be'tus 

Ly-sith^o-us 

MaMis 

Ma-ris'sa 

Mec'ri-da 

Ly-cae'a 

Ly^so 

Mahle-a, or Mahli-a 

Mar'i-sus 

Me-de'a 

Ly-cfe'um 

Ly-tae'a 

Mahli-us 

Ma-ri'ta 

Me-des'i-casTo 8 

Ly-cae'us 

Ly-za'ni-as 

Mahlos 

Ma'ri-us 

Me^di-a 7 

Ly-cam'bes 

Ly-ca'on 

Lyc-a-o'ni-a 

Ly^cas 

M. 

Mal-thi'nus 

Mal-vahia 

Ma-ma'us 

Ma-mer^cus 

Mar'ma-cus 

Mar-ma-ren'ses 

Mar-mar^i-ca 

Mar-mar'i-dae 

Me'di-as 

Med^i-cus 

Me-di-o-ma-tri'ces 

Me-di-o-ma-tri'ci 

Ly-cas'tc 

Ly-cas'tum 

MA'CiE 

Ma-mer'thes 

Mam-er-tihia 

Mar-ma'ri-on 
Ma'ro 1 

Me-di-ox'u-rai 

Med-i-tri'na 

Ly-cas'tus 

Ma'car 

Mam-er-tihii 4 3 

Mar-o-bud'u-i 3 

Me-do'a-cus, or 

Ly'ce 8 

Ma-caTe-us 

Ma-mil'i-a 

MaTon 

Me-du'a-cus 

Ly'ces 

Ma-caTi-a 

Ma-mil'i-i 4 

Mar-o-ne'a 

Med-o-bith^y-ni 

Me-dob'ri-ga 

Ly-ce'um 

Mac'a-ris 

Ma-mihi-us 

Mar-pe'si-a 10 

Lych-ni'des 

Ma-ced'nus 

Mam-mae'a 

Mar-pes'sa 

Me'don 

Lyc'i-a 10 

Mac'e-do 

Ma-mu'ri-us 

Mar-pe'sus 

Me-donTi-as 10 

Lyc'i-das 

Mac-e-do'ni-a 

Ma-murTa 

Mar'res 

Med-u-ahia 

Ly-cim'na 

Mac-e-don 'i-c us 30 

Ma-nas'ta-bal 

Mar-ru'vi-um, or 

Med-ul-li^na 

Ly-cim'ni-a 

Ma-cel'la 

Man-ci'nus 

Mar-ru'bi-ura 

Mehlus 

Ly-cis'cus 

Ma'cer .^-myhi-us 

Man-dahie 8 

Mars 

Me-du'sa 

Lyc^i-us 10 

Ma-chae'ra 

Man-da'nes 

Mar'sa-la 

Me-gab'i-zi 

Lyc-o-me'des 20 

Ma-chan'i-das 

Man-de'la 

Mar-sae^us 

Meg-a-by'zus 

Lv^con 

Ma-cha'on 

Man-do^ni-us 

Mar'se 8 

Meg'a-cles 

Ly-co'ne 8 

Ma'cra 

Man'dro-cles 

Mar'si 3 

Me-gac'li-dos 

Lyc'o-phron 

Mac-ri-a'nus 

Man-droc'li-das 

Mar-sig'ni 3 

Me-gae'ra 

Ly-cop'o-lis 

Ma-cri'nus, M. 
Ma'cro 

ManMron 

Mar-sy'a-ba 

Me-ga'le-as 

Ly-co^pus 

Man-du'bi-i 4 

Mar'tha 

Meg-a-le'si-a 11 

Ly-co'ri-as 

Ma-cro'bi-i 4 

Man-du-bra'ti-us 

Mar'ti-a 10 

Me-ga^li-a 

Ly-co'ris 

Ma-cro'bi-us 

Ma'nes 

Mar'shc-a 

Meg-a-lop'o-lis 

Ly-corhnas 

MacTo-chir 

Ma-ne'tho 

Mar-ti-a'lis 

Meg-a-me'de 8 

Ly-cor'tas 

Ma-cro'nes 

Ma^ni-a 

Mar'ti-al (Eng.) 

Meg a-ni'ra 

Lyc-o-su'ra 

Mac-to'ri-ura 

Ma-nil'i-a 

Mar-ti-a'nus 

Meg-a-pen'thes 

Lyc'tus 

Mac-u-lo'nus 

Ma-nil'i'^us 
Man^i-Mi 4 

Mar-ti'na 

Meg'a-ra| 

Ly-cur'gi-des 

Ma-des'tes 

Mar-tin-i-a'nus 

Meg-a-re'us§ 

Ly-cur'gus 

Ma-de'tcs 

Man'li-a 

Mar'ti-us 10 

Meg'a-ris 

Ly'cus 

Mad'y-es 

Man'li-us Tor-qua'tus 

Ma-ruhlus 

Me-gar'sus 

Ly'de 8 

Mae-an'der 

Man^nus 

Mas-ae-syhi-i 4 
Mas-i-nis'sa 

Me-gas'the-nes 

Lyd'i-a 

Mae-an'dri-a 

Man-sue'tus 

Merges 

Lyd'i-as 

Lyd'i-us 

Mae-ce'nas 

Man-ti-ne'a 

Mas'sa 

Me-gil'la 

Me-gis'ta 

Mae'di 3 

Man-ti-ne'us 

Mas'sa-ga 

Ly'dus 

Mae'li-us 

Man'ti-us 10 

Mas-sag'e-t£B 

Me'la Pom-po^ni-us 

LygMa-mis, or 

Maem-ac-te'ri-a 

Man'to 

Mas-sa'na 7 

Me-gis'ti-a 

Lyg'da mus 
Lyg'i-i 4 

Maen'a-dos 

Man'tu-a 

Mas sa'ni 3 

Me-laefiise 

Maen'a-la 

Mar-a-can^da 

Mas'si-cus 

Me-lam'pus 


warning against, our pronouncing the West-Iridia island St. 
Lu'cia as we sometimes hear it — St. Luci'a. 

* Lupercal. — This word is so little interwoven with our 
language, that it ought to have its true Latin accent on the 
penultimate syllable. But wherever the antepenultimate ac- 
tent is adopted in verse, as in Shakspeare’s Julius Ceesar, 
where Antony says, 

“ You all did see that on the Lu'percal 
I thrice presented him a kingly crown” — 

we ou^ht to preserve it. — Mr. Barry, the actor, who was in- 
formed by some scholar of the Latin pronunciation of this 


word, adopted it in this place, and pronounced it Luper'cal, 
which grated every ear that heard him. 

t Maria. — This word, says Labbe, derived from the Hebrew, 
has the accent on the second syllable ; but when a Latin word, 
the feminine of Marius, it has the accent on the first. 

:|; Me gar a. — T have in this word followed Labbe, Ainsworth, 
Gouldman, and Holyoke, by adopting the antepenultimate ac- 
cent, in opposition to Lempriere, who accents the penultimate 
syllable. 

$ Megareus. — Labbe pronounces this word in four syllables, 
when a noun substantive ; but Ainsworth marks it as a trisyl- 
lable when a proper name, and, in my opinion, incorrectly. — 
See Idomeneus. 


968 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES 


ME 

MI 

MO 

MU 

NA 

Mel-anch-lse'ni 

Me-nod'o-tus 

Mi-cip'sa 

Moe'ci-a 5 10 

Mu-so'ni-us Ru'fus 

Me-lan'chrus 

Me-nce'ce-us 10 

Mic'y-thus 24 

Moe'nus 

Mus-te'la 

Meha-ne 

Me-noe'tes 

Mi'das 

Mce-rag'e-tes 

Mu-thul'lus 

Me-lahie-us 

Me-noe'ti-us 10 

Mi-de'a of Argos 

Mm'ris 

Mu'ti-a 10 

Me-lan'i-da 

Me 'non 

Mid'e-a of Boeotia 

Mce'di 

Mu-til'i-a 

Me-ia^ni-on 

Me-noph'i-lus 

Mi-la'ni-on 

Mse'on 

Mu'ti-naJ 

Mel-a-nip/pe 

Men'ta, or Min'the 

Mi-le'si-i 4 11 

Mce-on'i-des 

Mu-ti'nes 

Mel-a-nip'pi-des 

Men'tes 

Mi-le'si-us 10 

Mce'ra 

Mu-ti'nus 

Mel-a-nip'pus 

Men-tis'sa 

Mi-lo'ti-a 10 

Mce'si-a 

Mu'ti-us 10 

Mel-a-no'pus 

Men' to 

Mi-le'ti-um 10 

Mo-gy'ni 

Mu-tu'nus, or 

Mel-a-nos'y-ri 

Men 'tor 

Mi-le'tus 

Mo-le'i-a 

Mu-tus'cae 

Me-lan'thi-i 4 

Me-nyl'lus 

Mil'i-as 

Mo-li'o-ne 

My-ag'rus, or My'o-des 

Me-lan 'thi-us 

Me'ra 

Mil'i-chus 12 

Mo'lo 

Myc'a-le| 

Me-lan tho 

Me'ra, or Mce'ra 

Mi-li'nus 

Mo-loj'is 

Myc-a-les'sus 

Me-lan'thus 

Mer-cu'ri-us 

Mil-i-o'ni-a 

Mo-lor'chus 12 

My-ce'nae 

Me 'las 

Mer'cu-ry (Eng.) 

Mi'lo 

Mo-los'si 3 

Myc-e-ri'nus 

Mel-c-a'ger 

Mel-e-ag'ri-des 

Me-ri'o-nes 

Mi-lo'ni-us 

Mo-Ios'si-a, or 

Myc-i-ber'na 

Mer'me-rus 

Mil-ti'a-des 

Mo-los'sis 

Myc'i-thus 

Me-le-san'der 

Merm'na-dffi 

Mil'to 

Mo-los'sus 

My'con 

Me'los 

Mer'o-e 8 

Mil'vi-us 

Mol-pa'di-a 

Myc'o-neJ 

Mel'e-se 

Mer'o-pe 8 

Mil'y-as 

Mol'pus 

My'don 

Mel-e-sig'e-nes, or 

Me'rops 

Mi-mal'lo-nes 

Mo'lus 

My-ec'pho-ris 

Mel-e-sig'e-na 

Me'ros 

Mi'mas 

Mo-lyc'ri-on 

My-e'nus 

Me'li-a 

Mer'u-la 

Mim-ner'mus 

Mo-mem'phis 

Myg'don 

?.Iel-i-boe'us 

Me-sab'a-tes 

Min'ci-us 10 

Mo'mus 

Myg-do'ni-a 

Mel-i-cer'ta 

Me-sa'bi-us 

Min'da-rus 

Mo'na 

Myg'do-nus 

Mel-i-gu'nis 

Me-sa'pi-a 

Mi-ne'i-des 

Mo- nae'ses 

My-las'sa 

Me-li'na 

Me-sau'bi-us 

Mi-ner'va 

Mo-ne'sus 

My'le, or My'las 

Me-li'sa 7 

Me-sem'bri-a 

Min-er-va'li-a 

Mo-ne'ta 

My'les 

Me-lis'sa 

Me-se'ne 

Min'i-o 

Mon'i-ma 

My-lit'ta 

Me-lis'sus 

Mes-o-me'des 

Min-nae'i 3 

Mon'i-mus 

Myn'dus 

Mel'i-ta 

Mes-o-po-ta'mi-a 

Mi-no'a 

Mon'o-dus 

My'nes 

Mel'i-te 

Mes-sa'la 

Mi-no'is 

Mo-noe'cus 

Myn'i-ae 4 

Mel-i-te'ne 

Mes-sa-li'na 3 

Mi'nos 

Mo-no 'le-us 

My-o'ni-a 

Mel'i-tus (accuser of 

Mes-sa-ii'nus 

Min-o-tau'rus 

Mo-noph'i-lus 

Myr-ci'nus 

Socrates) 

Mes-sa'na 7 

Min'the 

Mon-ta'nus 

My-ri'cus 

Me'li-us 

Mes-sa'pi-a 

Min-tur'nae 

Mo-noph'a-ge 

My-ri'nus$ 

Mel-ix-an'drus 

Mes'sa-tis 

Mi-nu'ti-a 10 

Mon'y-chus 6 12 

My-ri'na 

Me-lob'o-sis* 

Mes'se 3 

Mi-nu'ti-us 10 

Mon'y-mus 

Mo'phis 

Myr'i-oe 

Me 'Ion 

Mes-se'is 5 

Min'y-se 6 

Myr-mec'i-des 

Me'los 

Mes-se'ne, or Mes-se'na 

Min'y-as 

Mop'si-um 10 

Myr-mid'o-nes 

Mel'pi-a 

Mes-se'ni-a 

Min'y-cus 

Mop-so'pi-a 

My-ro'nus 

Mel-pom'e-ne 8 

Mes'tor 

Mi-ny'i-a 6 

Mop'sus 

My-ro-ni-a'nus 

Me-mac'e-ni 

Me-su'la 

Min'y-tus 

Mor-gan'ti-um 10 

My-ron'i-des 

Mem'mi-a 

Met'a-bus 

Mir'a-ces 

Mor'i-ni 

Myr'rha 

Mem'mi-us 

Met-a-git'ni-a 

Mi-se'num 

Mor-i-tas'gus 

Myr'si-lus 

Mem 'non 

Met-a-ni'ra 

Mi-se'nus 

Mo'ri-us 

Myr'si-nus (a city) 

Mem'phis 

Met-a-pon'tum 

Mi-sith'e-us 

Mor'phe-us 

My-stal'i-des 

Mem-phi'tis 

Met-a-pon'tus 

Mi'thras 

Mors 

Myr'sus 

Me'na, or Me'nes 

Me-tau'rus 

Mith-ra-da'tes 

Mo'rys 

Myr'te-a (Venus) 

Me-nal'cas 

Me-tel'la 

Mi-thre'nes 

Mo'sa 

Myr-te'a (a city) 

Me-nal'ci-das 

Me-tel'li 3 

Mith-ri-da'tes 

Mos'chi 3 12 

Myr'ti-lus 

Men-a-lip'pe 

Me-thar'ma 

Mith-ri-da'tis 

Mos 'chi-on 

Myr-to'um Ma're 

Men-a-lip'pus 

Me-thi'on 29 

Mith-ro-bar-za'nes 

Mos'chus 

Myr-tun'ti-um 10 

Me-nan'der 

Me-tho'di-us 

Mit-y-le'ne, and 

Mo-sel'la 

Myr-tu'sa 

Me-na'pi-i 4 

Me-tho'ne 8 

Mit-y-le'n §0 

Mo'ses 

Myr'tis 

Men'a-pis 

Me-thyd'ri-um 

Mi'tys 

Mo-sych'lus 
Mos-y-nte'ci 3 

Myr'ta-le 

Me'nas 

Me-thym'na 

Miz-ae'i 

Myr-to'us 

Men-che'res 12 

Me-ti-a-du'sa 21 

Mna-sal'ces 13 

Mo-tho'ne 

My-scel'lus 

Men'des 

Me-tiH-a 

JSTa-sal'ces 

Mo-ty'a 

Mys'tes 

Me-nec'les 

Me-til'i-i 4 

Mna'si-as 11 

Mu-ci-a'nus 

Mys'i-a 11 

Men-e-cli'des 

Me-til'i-us 

Mnas'i-cles 

Mu'ci-us 10 

My-so-ma-ced'o-nes 

Me-nec'ra-tes 

Me-ti'o-chus 

Mna-sip'pi-das 

Mu'crae 

My 'son 

Men-e-de'mus 

Me'ti-on 11 

Mna-sip'pus 

Mul'ci-ber 

Myth'e-cus 

Me-neg'e-tas 

Me'tis 

Mna-sith'e-us 

Mu-lu'chaf 

Myt-i-le'ne 

Men-e-la'i-a 

Me-tis'cus 

Miia'son 13 

Mul'vi-us Pons 

My'us 

Men-e-la'us 
Me-ne'ni-us A-grip'pa 

Me'ti-us 10 
Me-tffi'ci-a 10 

Mna-syr'i-um 

Mne'mon 

Mum'mi-us 
Mu-na'ti-us 10 


Men'e-phron 

Me'ton 

Mne-mos'y-ne 3 

Mun'da 

N. 

Me'nes 

Met'o-pe 8 

Mne-sar'chus 

Mu-ni'tus 

Me-nes'the-us, or 

Me'tra 

Mne-sid'a-mus 

Mu-nych'i- 0 B 4 


IMnes'the-us 13 

Me-tro'bi-us 

Mnes-i-la'us 

Mu-rae'na 

NAB-AR-ZA'NES 

Me-nes'te-us, or 

Met'ro-cles 

Mne-sim'a-che 

Mur'cus 

Nab-a-thae'a 

Men-es-the'i Por'tus 

Met-ro-do'rus 

Mne-sim'a-chus 

Mu-re'tus 

Na'bis 

Me-nes'thi-us 

Me-troph'a-nes 

Mnes'ter 

Mur-gan'ti-a 10 

Na-dag'a-ra 

Men'e-tas 

Me-trop'o-lis 

Mnes'the-us 13 

Mur-rhe'nus 

Nae'ni-a 

Me-nip'pa 

Met'ti-us 10 

Mnes'ti-a 

Mur'ti-a 10 

Noe'vi-us 

Me-nip'pi-des 

Me-va ni-a 

Mnes'tra 

Mus 

Naev'o-lus 

Me-nip'pus 

Me'vi-us 

Mne'vis 

Mu'sa An-to'ni-us 

Na-har'va-li 3^ 

Me'ni-us 

Me-zen'ti-us 10 

Mo-a-pher'nes 

Mu'sae 

Nai'a-des 

Men 'n is 

Mi-ce'a 

Mo'di-a 

Mu-sae'us 

^Na'is 


* Melobosis. — In this word I have given the preference to 
the antepenultimate accent, with Labbe, Gouldman and Hol- 
yoke ; though the penultimate, which Lempriere has adopted, 
is more agreeable to the ear. 

f Mulucha. — This word is accented on the antepenultimate 
syllable by Labbe, Lempriere and Ainsworth ; and on the 
penultimate by Gouldman and Holyoke. Labbe, indeed, says 
7it volueris ; and I shall certainly avail myself of this permis- 
sion to place the accent on the penultimate ; for, when this 
syllable ends with the English have a strong propensity to 
place the accent on it, even in opposition to etymology, as in 
the word Arbutus. 


J Mycale and Mycone. — An English ear seems to have a 
strong predilection for the penultimate accent on these \vords ; 
but all our prosodists accent them on the antepenultimate. 
The same may be observed of Mutina. — See note on Oryiis. 

$ Myriiius. — Labbe is the only prosodist I have met with, 
who accents this word on the antepenultimate syllable ; and 
as this accentuation is so contrary to analogy, I have followed 
Lempriere, Ainsworth, Gouldman and Holyoke, with the ac- 
cent on the penultimate. — See the word in the Tcrminational 
Vocabulary. 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


969 


NE 

Na-pee'sB 

Napli6-lus 

Nar 

Nar'bo 

Nar-bo-nen'sis 

Nar-cae^us 

Nar-cis'sus 

Nar'ga-ra 

Na-ris'ci 3 

Nar'ni-a, or Nar'na 

Nar-the'cis 

Na-ryc'i-a 10 

Nar'ses 

Nas-a-mo'nes 

Nas'ci-o, or Na'ti-o 

Nas-i^ca* 

Na-sid-i-e'nus 

Na-sid'i~us 

Na'so 

Nas'sus, or Na'sus 
Nas'u-a 10 
Na-ta'li-a 
Na-ta'lis 
Nat^ta 
Nau'co-lus 
Nau'cles 
Nau'cra-tes 
I*^au'cra-tis 
Nau'lo-chus 
Nau-pac^tus, or 
Nau-pac'tum 
Nau'pli-a 
Nau'pli-us 
Nau'ra 
Nau-sic^a-aB 
Nau'si-cles 
Nau-sim'e-nes 
Nau-sith'o-e 
Nau-sith'o-us 
Nau'tes 17 
Na'va 

NaVi-us Ac^ti-us 

Nax'os 

Ne-ae'ra 

Ne-aj'thus 

Ne-aVces 

Ne-al'i-ces 

Ne-an'thes 

Ne-ap'o-lis 

Ne-ar'chus 

Ne-bro'des 

Ne-broph'o-nos 

Ne'chos 

Nec-ta-ne^bus, and 
Nec-tan'a-bis 
Ne-cys'i-a 10 
Ne6s 
Ne'le-us 
Ne'lo 
Ne-mte'a 
Ne'me-at 
Ne-me-si-a'nus 21 
Nem'e-sis 
Ne-me'si-us 10 
Nem-o-ra'li-a 
Nem'e-tes 
Ne me' us 
Ne-o-bu'le| 
Ne-o-csDs-a-re'a 


NI 

Ne-och'a-bia 

Ne'o-cles 

Ne-og^e-nes 

Ne-om'o-ris 

Ne'on 

Ne-on-ti'chos 12 

Ne-op-tol'e-mus 

Ne'o-ris$ 

Ne'pe 

Ne-pha'li-a 

Neph'e-le 

Neph-er-i'tea 

Ne'phus 

Ne'pi-a 

Ne'pos 

Ne-po-ti-a'nus 12 

Nep'thys 

Nep-tu'ni-a 

Nep-tu'ni-um 

Nep-tu'ni-us 

Nep-tu^nus 

J\Tep'tune (Eng.) 

Ne-re'i-des 

JSTe'r e-ids (Eng.) 

Ne-re'i-us 

Ne're-us|| 

Ne-ri'ne 

Ner'i-phus 

Ner'i-tos 

Ne^ri-us 

Ne'ro 

Ne-ro'ni-a 

Ner-to-brig^i-a 

Ner'u-lum 

Ner'va Coc-ce^i-us 

Ner'vi-i 3 

Ne-sse^a 

Ne-sim'a-chus 12 

Ne-si-o^pe 

JV'e-she-o'pe 

Ne-so'pe 

Ne'sis 

Nes'sus 

Nes'to-cles 

Nes'tor 

Nes-to'ri-us 

'tus, or Nes'sus 
iNe'tum 
Ne'u-ri 
Ni-cae'a 
Ni-cag'o-ras 
Ni-can'der 
Ni-ca'nor 
Ni-car'chus 
Nic-ar-thi'des 
Ni-ca'tor 
Ni'ce 8 

Nic-e-pho'ri-um 

Nic-e-pho'ri-us 

Ni-ceph'o-rus 

Nic-er-a'tus 

Ni-ce'tas 

Nic-e-te'ri-a 

Nic'i-a 10 

Nic'i-as 10 

Ni-cip'pe 

Ni-cip'pus 

Ni'co 

Ni-coch'a-res 


NO 

Nic'o-cles 

Ni-coc'ra-tes 

Ni-co'cre-on 

Nic-o-de'mus 

Nic-o-do'rus 

Ni-cod'ro-mus 

Nic-o-la'us 

Ni-com'a-cha 

Ni-com'a-chus 

Nic-o-me'des 

Nic-o-me'di-a 

Ni'con 

Ni-co'ni-a 

Nic'o-phron 

Ni-cop'o-lis 

Ni-cos'tra-ta 

Ni-cos'tra-tus 

Nic-o-te'le-a 

Ni-cot'e-les 

Ni'ger 

Ni-gid'i-us Fig'u-lus 

Ni-gri'tae 

Ni'le-us 

Ni'lus 

Nin'ni-us 

Nin'i-as 

Ni'nus 

Nin'y-as 

Ni'o-be 

Ni-phse'us 

Ni-pha'tes 

Ni'phe 

Nir'e-us 

Ni'sa 

Ni-sae'a 

Ni-sse'e 

Ni-se'i-a 

Nis'i-bis 

Ni'sus 

Ni-sy'ros 

Ni-te'tis 

Ni-to'cris 

Nit'ri-a 

No'as 

Noc'mon 

Noc-ti-lu'ca 

No'la 

Nom-en-ta'nus 

Nom'a-des 

INo'inae 

No-men'tum v-, 

No'mi-i 3 

No'mi-us 

No-na'crisIT 

No'ni-us 

Non'ni-us 

Non'nus 

No'pi-a, or Cno'pi-a 

No'ra 

No'rax 

Nor'ba 

Nor-ba'nus, C. 
Nor'i-cum 
Nor-thip'pus 
Nor'ti-a 10 
No'thus 
No'nus 
No'ti-um 10 
No'tus 


oc 

No-va'tus 
No-vi-o-du'num 
No-vi-om'a-gura 
No'vi-us Pris'cua 
Nox 

Nu-ce'ri-a 
Nu-itfi'o-nes 
Nu'ma Pom-pil'i-us 
Nu-ma'na 
Nu-man'ti-a 
Nu-inan-ti'na 
Nu-ma'nus Rem'u-lus 
Nu'me-nes 
Nu-me'ni-a, or 
Ne-o-me'ni-a 
Nu-me'ni-us 
Nu-me-ri-a'nus 
Nu-me'ri-us 
Nu-mi'cus** 

Nu'mi-da 

Nu-mid'i-a 

Nu-mid i-us 

Nu'mi-tor 

Nu-mi-to'ri-us 

Nu-mo'ni-us 

Nun-co' re-US 

Nun'di-natt 

Nun'di-nae 

Nur'sae 

Nur'sci-a 

Nur'si-a 19 

Nu'tri-a 

Nyc-te'is 

Nyc-te'li-us 

Nyc'te-us 

Nyc-tim'e-ne 

Nyc'ti-mus 

Nym-bae'um 

Nym'phae 

JVyviphs (Eng.) 

Nym-phae'um 

Nym-phae'us 

Nym-phid'i-us 

Nym'phis 

Nym-pho-do'rus 

Nym-pho-lep'tes 

Nym'phon 

Nyp'si-us 

Ny'sa, or Nys'sa 

Ny-sae'us 

Ny'sas 

Ny-se'v-ps 

Ny-si'a-des 

Ny-sig'e-na 

Ny-si'ros 

Nys'sa 


o. 

O'A-EUS 

O-ar'ses 

O'a-sis 

0-ax'es 

0-ax'us 

Ob-ul-tro'ni-us 

0-ca'le-a, or 0-ca'li-a 

0-ce'a-na|j; 


OF 

0-ce-an'i-des, and 
O-ce-an-it'i-des 
O-ce'a-nus 
O-ce'i-a 
O-cel'lus 
0-ce'lum 
O'cha 

O-che'si-us 11 
O'chus 12 
Oc'nus 
O jric'u-lum 
O-crid'i-on 
0-cris'i-a 
Oc-ta-cil'li-us 
Oc-ta'vi-a 
Oc-ta-vi-a'nus 
Oc-ta'vi-us 
Oc-tol'o-phum 
O-cy'a-lus 
O-cyp'e-te 8 
0-cyr'o-o 
Od-e-na'tus 
O-des'sus 
0-di'nus 
O-di'tes 
Od-o-a'cer 
Od-o-man'ti 3 
Od'o-nes 
Od'ry-sae 
0-dys'se-a 
Od'ys-sey (Eng.) 
CE-ag'a-rus,$§ and 
CE'a-ger 5 
CE-an'tliae, and 
OE-an'thi-a 
CE'ax 5 
CE-ba'li-a 
CEb'a-lus 5 
CEb'a-res 
CE-cha'li-a 
CEc'le-us 
CE-cli'des 
CEc-u-me'ni-us 
CT]d-j-po'di-a 
Q3d'i-pus C 
CE'me 8 
CE-nan'thes 
QE'ne 
CE'ne-a 
CE'ne-us 
CE-ni'des 
CEn'o-e 
CE-nom'a-us 
CE'noa 
CE-no'na 7 
CE-no'ne 8 
CE-no'pi-a 
CE-nop'i-des 
CE no'pi-on 
CEn'o-tri 3 
QE-iio'tri-a 
CEn'o-trus 
CE-nu'sae 
CE'o-nus 
(Er'o-e 8 
GE'ta 7 

CEt'y-lus, or CEt'y-Ium 

O-fel'lus 

O'fi 3 


* [This word is erroneously marked by the author JSTas'i- 
ca . — See Lempriere and Forcellini. — Ed.] 

f [This word is erroneously marked by the author JV*e- 
me'a . — See Forcellini, and Virgil, Alneid. viii. 295. — Ed.] 

:|: J\Teobule. — Labbe, Ainsworth, Gouldman, Littleton and 
Holyoke, give this word the penultimate accent, and therefore 
I have preferred it to the antepenultimate accent, given it by 
Jjempriere ; not only from the number of authorities in its 
favor, but from its being more agreeable to analogy. 

^ JV'eoris. — The authorities are nearly equally balanced be- 
tween the penultimate and antepenultimate accent ; and there- 
fore I may say, as Labbe sometimes does, utvolueris : but I am 
inclined rather to the antepenultimate accent, as more agreea- 
b e to analogy, though I think the penultimate more agreeable 
t« the ear. 

J dVereiis. — 

“ Old J^ercus to the Sea was born of Earth — 

JSTereus^ who claims the precedence in birth 
To their descendants ; him old god they call. 

Because sincere and affable to all.” 

Cooke’s Hesiod. Theo(f. v. 357. 

o 

IT H'onacris. — Labbe, Ainsworth, Gouldman and Holyoke 


give this word the antepenultimate accent ; but Lempriere, 
Littleton, and the Graduses, place the accent, more agreeably 
to analogy, on the penultimate. 

** JVurnicus . — 

“ Our fleet Apollo sends 

Where Tuscan Tiber rolls with rapid force. 

And where JVurnicus opes his holy source.” 

Dryden. 

ft JVundina . — Lempriere places the accent on the penulti- 
mate syllable of this word ; but Labbe, Gouldman and Hol- 
yoke on the antepenultimate. Ainsworth marks it in the 
same manner among the appellatives, nor can tliere be any 
doubt of its propriety. 

ft Oceana . — So prone are the English to lay the accent on 
the penultimate of words of this termination, that we scarce- 
ly ever hear the famous Oceana of Harrington pronounced 
otherwise. 

$$ (Eagarus . — This diphthong, like is pronounced as 
the single vowel e. If the conjecture concerning the sound 
of ai was right, the middle sound between the o and e of the 
ancients must, in all prebability, have been the sound of our 
a in water . — See the word JE>x. 


970 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


ON 

Og-dol'a-pia 

Og-do^ru3 

Og'mi-us 

Og'o-a 7 

O-gul'ni-a 

Og'y-ges* 

O-gyg'i-a 

Og'y-ri3 

O-icMe-us 

O-iFe-us 

0-i-li^es 

Ol'a-ne 8 

0- la'nus 
Ol'ba, or OFbus 
Ol'bi-a 
Ol'bi-us 

01- chiiFi-um 
O-le'a-ros, or 

OFi-ros 20 

0- le'a-trum 

O'len • 

OFe-nus, or 

OFe-num 20 
OFga-sys 

01- i-gyr'tis 

0- lin'thu3 

01- i-tiu'gi 
OFli-us 
Ol-lov'i-co 
OFmi-us 

0- Iin'i-as 

01- o-phyx'u3 
O-lym'pe-um 
O-lym'pi-a 
O-lym'pi-as 
O-lym-pi-o-do'rus 
O lym-pi-os'the-nes 
0-JynFpi-u3 

0- lym'pus 

01- ym-pu'sa 
O-lyn 'thus 
O-ly'ras 
O-ly'zon 
O-ma'ri-us 
Om'bi 3 
Om'bri 3 
Oin'o-lo 
Om-o-pha'gi-a 
Oin'plia-lot 
Oin'pha-los 

0-nsD'mr, or O-ce'ne-um 

O-na'rus 

0-nas'i-mus 

O-iia'tas 

On-ches'tus 

O-ne'i-on 

O-nes'i-mus 

On-e-sip'pus 

O-ne'si-us 10 

On-e-tor'i-des 

On-e-sic'ri-tus 

O'ni-um 

On'o-ba 10 

O-noch'o-nus 

On-o-mac'rf-tU3 

On-o-mar'chus 

Oii-o mas-tor'i-des 

On-o-mas'tus 

On'o-phas 

On'o-phis 

Oii-o-sau'der 


OR 

OX 

PA 

PA 

On'y-thes 

Or'ne-u3 

Ox'y-lus 

Pal-lan'ti-on 28 

O-pa'Ii-a 

Or-ni'thon 

Ox-yn'thes 

PaFlas 

O-phe'as 

Or'ni-tus 

Ox-yp'o-rus 

Pal-Ie'ne 8 

O-pheFtes 

Or-nos'pa-des 

Ox-y-rin-chi'tae 

PaFma 

O-phon'sis 

Or-nyt'i-on 11 

Ox-y-ryn'chus 

Pal-my'ra|| 

Pal-phu'ri-us 

O'phi-a ^ 

0-ro'bi-a 

0-zi'nes 

O-phi'on 29 
O-phi-o'ne-us 
O-phi-u'eus 
O-phi-u'sa 

O-ro'des 

O-rce'tes 

O-rom'e-don 

O-ron'tas 

Oz'o-lcB, or Oz'o-li 

Pal-rni'sos 
PaiiFme-nesIT 
Pam'mon 
Pam 'pa 

Op'i-ci 

O-pig'e-na 

O-ron'tes 

Or-o-pher'nes 

P. 

Pam'phi-lus 

Pam'phos 

O'pis 

O-ro'pus 

PA-CA-TI-A'NUS 21 

Pam'phy-la 

O-piFi-us 

0-ro'si-us 11 

Pae'ei-us 10 

Pam-pliyl'i-a 

Op'i-ter 

Or'phe-usJ 

Pa'ches 12 

Pan 

O-pim'i-us 

Or-sed'i-ce 

Pa-chi'nus 

Pan-a-ce'a 

Op-i-ter-gi'ni 

Or-se'is 

Pa-co'ni-us 

Pa-na3'ti-us 10 

O-pi'tes 

Or-siFlus 

Pac'o-rus 

Pan'a-res 

Op'pi-a 

Or-siFo-chus 

Pac-to'lu3 

Pan-a-ris'te 

Op-pi-a'nus 

Or'si-nes 4 

Pac'ty-as 

Pan-ath-e-nae'a 

Op-pi'di-us 

Or-sip'pus 

Pac'ty-es 

Pan-chse'a, or 

Op'pi-us 

Or'ta-Ius, M. 

Pa-cu'vi-us 

Pan-che'a, or 
Pan-cha'i-a 

O'pus 

Or-thag'o-ras 

Pa-dae'i 3 

Op-ta'tus 

Or 'the 8 

Pad'u-a 

Pan'da 

Op'ti-mus 

Or-thse'a 

Pa'dus 

Pan'da-ma 

O'ra 7 

Or'thi-a 4 7 

Pa-du'sa 

Pan-da'ri-a 

0-rac'u-luni 

Or'thrus 

Pm'an 

Pan'da-rus 

O-rai'a 

Or-tyg'i-a 

Pae'di-us 

Pan'da-tes 

Or'a-sus 

Or- tyg'i-u3 

Paj-ma'ni 3 

Pan-de'mus 

Or-be'Ius 

OTus 

Poe'on 

Pan'di-a 

Or-biFi-us 

O-ry-an'der 

Pae'o-nes 

Pan'di-on 11 

Or-bo'na 

0-ry'us$ 

PiB-o'ni-a 

Pan-do'ra 

Or'ea-des 

O'ryx 

Pae-on'i-des 

Pan-do'si-a 11 

Or-cha'lis 

Os-cho-pho'ri-a 

Pae'os 

Pan'dro-sos 

Or'cha-mus 

Os'ei 3 

Peb'sos 

Pan'e-nus, or Pa-nae'us 

Or-chom'e-nus, or 

Os'ei-us 10 

PiBs'tum 

Pan-gae'us 

Or-chom'e-num 

Os'eus 

Pa3-to'vi-um 

Pa-ni'a-sis 

Or'cus 

O-siiFi-us 

Pas'tus Cac-cin'na 

Pa-ni-o'ni-um 

Or-cyn'i-a 

O-si'ris 

Pag'a-sae, or Pag'a-sa 

Pa'ni-us 20 

Or-des'sus 

O-sis'mi-i 

Pag'a-sus 

Pan-no'ni-a 

O-ro'a-des 

Os'pha-gus 

Pa'gus 

Pan-om-plne'us 

O're-ads (Eng.) 

Os-rho-e'ne 

Pa-la'ci-uni, or 

Pan'o-pe, or Pan-o-pe'a 

O're-as 

Os'sa 

Pa-la'ti-um 10 

Pan'o-pes 

0-res't8B 

Os-te-o'des 

Pa-lae'a 

Pa-no' pe-us 

O-res'tes 

Os'ti-a 

Pal-aj-ap'o-lis 

Pa-no 'pi-on 

0-res'te-um 

Os-to'ri-us 

Pa-lae'mon, or 

Pa-nop'o-lis 

Or-es-ti'dae 

Os-trog'o-thi 

PaFe-mon 

Pa-nor'mus 

Or'e-tae 

Os-y-man'dy-as 

Pa-laep'a-phos • 

Pan'sa, C. 

Or-e-ta'ni 3 

Ot-a-ciFi-us 

Pa-laeplFa-tus 

Pan-tag-nos'tus 

Or-e-tiFi-a 

O-ta'nes 

Pa-l®p'o-lis 

Pan-ta'gy-as 

0-re'um 

OtlFina-rus 

Pa-laes'te 

Pan-ta'le-on 

Or'ga, or Or'gas 

O'tho, M. SaFvi-us 

Pal-ai-sti'na 

Pan-tau'chus 

Or-ges'sum 

Oth-ry-o'ne-us 

Pa-liB-sti'nus 

Pan'te-us 

Or-get'o-rix 

O'thrys 

Pal-a-me'des 

Pan'thi-des 

Or'gi-a 

O'tre-us 

Pa-lan'ti-a 10 

Pan-the'a 

O-rib'a-sus 

O-tri'a-des 

Pa-lan'ti-um 10 

Pan'thn-on** 

Or'i-cum, or Or'i-cus 

0-tr®'da 

Pal-a-ii'nus 

Pan'the-us,or Pan'thus 

O'ri-ens 

O'tus 

Pa'le-is, or Pa'lae 

Pan-tho'i-des 4 

Or'i-gen 

O'tys 

Pa'les 

Pan-ti-ca-pae'um 

0-ri'go 

0-vid'i-U3 

Pal-fu'ri-us Su'ra 

Pan-tic 'a-pes 

O-ri'nus 

Ov'id (Eng.) 

Pa-li'ci, or Pa-lis'ci 

Pan-til'i-U3 

O-ri-ob'a-tes 

0-vin'i-a 

Pa-liFi-a 

Pa-ny'a-sis 

O-ri'on 29 

O-vin'i-us 

Pal-i-nu'rus 

Pa-ny'a-su3 

O-ris'sus 

Ox-ar'tes 

Pal-i-sco'rum, or 

Pa-pse'us 

Or-i-suFla Liv'i-a 

Ox-id'a-tes 

Pal-i-co'rum 

Pa-pha'ges 

Pa'phi-a 

O-ri'tae 5 

Ox'i-mes 

PaFla-des 

O-rith-y-i'a 

Ox-i'o-nm 

Pal-la'di-um 

Paph-la-go'ni-a 

0-rit'i-as 10 

Ox'us 

Pal-la'di-us 

Pa'phos 

O-ri-un'dus 

Ox-y'a-res 

Pal-lan-te'um 

Paph'us 

Pa-pi-a'nus 

Or'me-nus 20 

Ox-y-ca'nus 

Pal-lan'ti-as 

Or'ne-a 

Ox-yd'ra-cae 

Pal-lan'ti-des 

Pa'pi-asft 


* — 'I’his word is by all our prosodist.s accented on 

the first syllable, and, consequently, it must sound exactly as if 
written Odd'je-jp-z ; and this, however odd to an English ear, 
must be complied with. 

t Omphale. — The accentuation which a mere English speak- 
er would give to this word was experienced a few years ago by 
a pantomime called He7’cules and Otnphale ; when the whole 
town concurred in placing the accent on the second syllable, 
till some classical scholars gave a check to this pronunciation 
by placing the accent on the first. This, liowever, was far 
from banishing the former manner, and disturbed the public 
ear without correcting it. Those, however, who would not 
wish to be numbered among the vulgar, must take care to 
avoid the penultimate accent. 

J Orphewi. — See Idomeneus. 

$ Oryus . — 

“ Anu, at once, Broteas and Oryus slew : 

Oryus’ mother, Mycalfe, was known 

Down from her sphere to draw the lab’ring moon.” 

Garth’s Ovid. Met. 

[) Palmyra. — Nothing can be better fixed in an English ear 
than the penultimate accentuation of this word : this pronun- 


ciation is adopted by Ainsworth and Lempriere. Gouldman 
and Holyoke seem to look the other way ; but Labbe says the 
more learned givo this word the antepenultimate accent, and 
that this accent is more agreeable to the general rule. Those, 
however, must be pedantic coxcombs, who should attempt to 
disturb the received pronunciation when in English, because 
a contrary accentuation may possibly be proved to be more 
agreeable to Greek or Latin. 

IT Pammenes. — I find this word no whore but in Lempriere, 
who accents it on the penultimate; but as all words of this 
termination have the antepenultimate accent, till this appears 
an exception, I shall venture to alter it. 

** Pantheon. — This word is universally pronounced with the 
accent on the second syllable in English, but in Latin it has 
its first syllable accented ; and this accentuation makes so slight 
a difference to the ear, that it ought to have the preference. 

ft Papias. — This is the name of an early Christian writer, 
who first propagated the doctrine of the millennium ; and it 
is generally pronounced with the accent on the second syllable, 
but I believe corruptly, since Labbe has adopted the antepe- 
nultimate accent, who must be well acquainted with the true 
pronunciation of ecclesiastical characters. 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAIVIES. 


971 


PE 

PE 

PH 

PH 

PH 

Pa-pin-i-a'nus 

Pe-da^ci-a 10 

Pe-rig'e-nes 

Phaen'na 

Pher-e-cybes 

Pu-pin^i-us 

Pe-dae'us 

Pe-rig'o-no 

Phaenbiis 

Phe-ron-fia'tes 

Pa-pir'i-a 

Pe-da'ni 

Per-i-la'us 

PhaB-oc'o-mes 

Pher-e-ni'ce 29 

Pa-pir'i-us 

Pe-da'ni-us 

Per-i-le'us 

PhaDs'a-na 

Phebes 

Pap'pus 

Paed'a-sus 

Pc-ril'la 

Phaes'tum 

Phe-rebi-as 10 

Pa-pyr'i-us 

Pe-di'a-dis 

Pe-riPlus 

Pha'e-ton 

Pher-e-ti'ma 

Par-a-bys^ton 

Pe-di-a'nus 

Per-i-me'de 8 

Pha-e-ton-ti^a-des 

Pherb-num 

Par-a-di'sus 

PeMi-as 

Per-i-me'la 

Pha-e-tu'sa 

Phebon 

Pa-rset'a-c.TB 

Pe'di-us Blaj'sus 

Pe-rin'thus 

Phoebus 

Phi'a-le 

Par-ae-to'ni-um 

PeMo 

Per-i-pa-tet'i-ci 3 

Pha-ge'si-a 10 

Piii-abi-a, or Phi 

Par'a-li 3 

Pe'dum 

Per'i-pa-tet-ics (Eng.) 

Pha'lae 

Phib-lus 

Par'a-lus 

Pe-gas'i-des 

Pe-riph'a-nes 

Pha-lae'cus 

Phicb-res 

Pa-ra^'si-a 11 

Peg'a-sis 

Perb-phas 

Pha-lae'si-a 11 

Phidb-as 

Pa-ra'si-us 11 

Peg'a-sus 

Pe-riph'a-tus 

Pha-lan'thus 

Phidb-le 

Par^cao 

Pel'a-gon 

Per-i-phe'mus 

PhaPa-ris 

Phi-dip'pi-des 

Par'is 

Pe-lar'ge 

Per-pho-re'tus 

Pha'nas 

Plii-tlitb-a 10 

Pa-ris'a-des 

Pe-lac'gi 3 

Pe-ris^a-des 

PhaPa-rus 

Phi'don 

Pa-ris'i-i 4 

Pe-las'gi-a, or 

Pe-ris'the-nes 

PhaPei-don 

Pliid^y-le 

Par'i-sus 

Pe-las-gi'o-tis 

Pe-rit'a-nus 

Pha'le-as 

Phig-abe-i 

Pa'ri-um 

Pe-las'gus 

Perb-tas 

Pha-le're-us| 

Phiba 

Par'ma 1 

Pel-e-thro'ni-i 4 

Per-i-to'ni-um 

Pha-le^ris 

Pliil-a-dePphi-a 

Par-men'i-des 

Pe'le-us 

Pe'ro, or Per^o-ne 

Pha-le'ron, or 

Phil-a-dePphus 

Par-me'ni-o 

Pe-Ii^a-des 

Por^o-o 8 

PhaPe-rum 

Phibae 

Par-nas'sus 

Pe'li-as 

Per-mes'sus 

Pha-leTus 

Phi-Iae'ni 

Par'nes 

Pe-liMes 

Per^o-la 

Pha'li-as 

Phi-laB'us 

Par-nes'sus 

Pe-lig'ni 

Per-pen'na, M. 

PhaPli-ca 

Phi-lam'mou 

Par^ni 3 

Pe-lig^nus 

Per-pe-re'ne 

Pha-lysb-us 10 

Phi-lar'chus 12 

Pa'ron 

Pel-i-nae'us 

Per-ran'thes 

Pha-nae^us 

Phi-le'mon 

Par-o-re'i-a 

Pel-i-nsD^um 

Per-rhse'bi-a 

Phan-a-rae'a 

Phi-lebe 8 

Pa'ros 

Pe'li-on 

Per'sa, or Per-se'is 

Pha'nes 

Phi-lebis 

Par-rha^si-a 10 

Pe'li-um 

Per'sae 

Phan'o-cles 

PhiPe-ros 

Par-rha'si-us 10 

Pel'la 

Per-sae'us 

Phan-o-debnus 

Phi-lebi-us 19 

Par-tha-mis'i-ris 

Pel-la^nae 

Per-se'e 

Phan-ta'si-a 10 

Phil-e-taebus 

Par-tha'on 

Pel-le'no 

Per-se'is ^ 

Pha'nus 

Phi-Iebas 

Par-the'ni-a 

Pel-o-pe'a, or Pel-o-pi'a 

Per-seplPo-ne 

Pha^on 

Phi-lebi-us 10 

Par-thebii-8e, and 

Pel-o-pe'i-a 

Per-sep'o-lis 

PhaTa 

PhiPi-das 

Par-t'ie'ni-i 4 

Pe-lop'i-das 

Per'se-us, or Per'ses 

Pha-racb-des 24 

PhiPi-des 

Par-the'iii-on 

Pel-o-pon-ne'sus 

Per^se-us 

Pha'aer, or Phebae 

Phi-linbia 

Par-the'ni-us 

Pe'lops 

Per'si-a 10 

Pha-ras'ma-nes 

Phi-libus 

Par'the-non 

Pe'lor 

Per'sis 

Pha'rax 

Phi-Iip'pe-i 

Par-then-o-pae'us 

Pe-lo'ri-a 

Per'si-us Flac'cus 

Plia'ris 

Phi-lip'pi 

Par-then'o-pe 8 

Pe-lo'rum, or Pe-lo'rus 

Per'ti-nax 

Phar-me-cu'sa 

Phi-lip'pi-des 

Par'thi-a 

Pe-lu'si-um 10 

Pe-ru'si-a 10 

Phar-na-ba'zus 

Pl)i-lip'po-lis 

Par-thy-e'ne 

Pe-na'tes 

Pes-cen'ni-u8 

Phar-na'ce-a 

Phi-Iip-popb-lis 

Pa-rys'a-des 

Pon-da'li-um 

Pes-ci'nus 

Phar-na'ces^ 

Phi-lip'pus 

Par-y-sa'tis* 

Pe-ne'i-a, Pen^e-is 

Pe-tabi-a 

Phar-na-pa'tes 

Phi-lis'cus 

Pa-sar'ga-da 

Pe-ne'li-us 

Pet'a-lus 

Phar-nas'pes 

Phi lisbi-on 11 

Pa'se-as 

Po-nePo-pe 

Pe-te'li-a 

Pharbms 

Plii-lisbus 

Pas'i-cles 

Pebie-us, or Pe-ne'us 

Pet-e-li'nus 

Phabos 

PhiPlo 

Pa-sic'ra-tes 

Pen'i-das 

Pe-te'on 

Phar-sa'li-a 

Pliibo 

Pa-sij»h'a-e 

Pen-tap'o-lis 

Pe'te-us 

Pharbe 

Phil-o-bce'o-tus 

Pa-sith'e-a 

Pen-the-si-le^a 

Pe-liPi-a 

Phabus 

Phi-lochb-rus 

Pa-sitfi-gris 

Pen'the-us 

Pe-tiPi-i 3 

Pha-rubi-i, or 

PhiPo-cles 

Pas'sa-ron 

Pen'thi-lus 

Pe-tiPi-us 

Phau-ra'si-i 4 

Phi-loc'ra-tes 

Pas-si-e'nus 

Pen^thy-lus 

Pet-o-si'ris 

Phabi-as 

Phil-oc-tebes 

Pas'sus 

Pep-ar-e'thos 

Pe'tra 

Phar'y-bus 

Phil- 0 -cy'ptus 

Pat'a-ra 

Peph-re-do 

Pe-trfc'a 

Pha-rye'a-don 

Phil- 0 -da-mo'a 

Pa-ta^vi-um 

Pc-rae'a 7 

Pe-treb-us 

Phar'y-ge 

Pliil-o-de^mus 

Pa-ter'cu-lus 

Per-a-sip'pus 

Pe-tri^num 

Phu-se'lis 

Phi-lodb-ce 

Pa-tiz'i-thes 

Per-co'pe 8 

Pe-trobii-a 

Plia-si-a'na 

Phil-o-labs 

Pdt'mos 

Per-co'si-us 11 

Pe-trobii-us 

Phabis 

Phi-loPo-gus 

Pa'trae 

Per- co'te 

Pet'ti-us 

Phasbus 

Phi-lom'a-cho 

Pa'tro 

Per-die'eas 

Peu^ce 8 

Phau'da 

Phi-lom'bro-tus 

Pa-tro'cles 

Per'dix 

Peu-ces'tes 

Phav-o-ri'nus 

Pbil-o-mebli-a|| 

Pa-tro'cli 

Pe-ren^na 

Peu-ce'ti-a 10 

Pha-yPlus 

Phil-o-me'dus 

Pa-tro'clust 

Pe-ren'nis 

Peu-ci'ni 4 

Pheb, or Pheb-a 

Pl<il-o-meba 

Pat-ro-cli'des 

Pe're-us 

Peu-co-la'us 

Phe-caMum 

Phil-o-mebus 

PaTron 

Per'ga 

Pex-o-dobus 

Phe'ge-us, or Phle^ge-us 

Phi/lon 

Pat'ro-us 

Per'ga-mus 

Phae'a 

PhePli-a 

Phi-lonb-dcs 

Pa tul'ci-us 10 

Per'ge 8 

PhaD-a'ci-a 10 

PhePlo-e 

PhiPo-nis 

Pau'la 

Per'gus 

PhoB^ax 

PhePlus 

Phi-ionb-e 8 

Pau-li'na 7 

Pe-ri-an'der 

Phaid'i-mus 

Phebni-us 

Phi-Ion b-me 

Pau-li'nus 

Pe-ri-ar'chus 

PhoD'don 

Phe-mon'o-e 8 

Phi-lonb-mus 

Pau'lus iE-myhi-us 

Per-i-bce'a 

Phaj'dra 

Phe-ne'um 

Philb-nus 

Pau-sa'ni-as 

Per-i-bobni-us 

Phai'dri-a 

Phebe-us (lacus) 

Phi-lopba-tor 

Pau'si-as 11 

PerM-cles 

Phse'drus 

Phebae 

Philb-phron 

Pa'vor 

Per-i-clym'e-nus 

Phaed'y-ma 5 

Phe-raebis 

Phil-o-poe'men 

Pax 

Pe-rid'i-a 

PhsD-mon'o-e 

Phe-raubes 

Phi-Iosbra-tus 

Pax'os 

Pe-ri-e-ge^tes 

Phaen-a-re^te 

Phe-reebus 

Phi-lobas 

Pe'as 

Pe-ri-e'res 

Phae'ni-as 

Phe-reeba-tes 

Phi-lotb-ra 


* Parysatis . — Labbe tells us that some prosodists contend 
that this word ought to be accented on the antepenultimate 
syllable, and we find Lempriere has so accented it ; but so 
popular a tragedy as Alexander, which every wher«^ accents 
the penultimate, has fixed this pronunciation in our own coun- 
try beyond a doubt. 

t Patroclus. — Lempriere, Ainsworth, Gouldman and Hol- 
yoke accent the penultimate syllable of this word ; but Labbe 
the antepenultimate : our Graduses pronounce it either way ; 
but I do not hesitate to prefer the penultimate accent ; and, 
till some good reason be given for the contrary, I think Patro- 
cles the historian, and Patrocli a small island, ought to be 
pronounced with the same accent as the friend of Achilles. 


X Phalereus . — There is some doubt among the learned 
whether this word ought to be pronounced in three or four syl- 
lables ; that is, as Phal-c-reus^ or Pha-le-re-us. The latter 
mode, however, with the accent on the antepenultimate, seems 
to be the most eligible. 

$ Pharnaces . — All our prosodists accent the antepenulti- 
mate syllable of this word ; but an English ear is strongly in- 
clined to accent the penultimate, as in Arhaces and ArsaceSy 
which see. 

II Philomedia . — 

“ Nor less by Philomedia known on earth ; 

A name derived immediate from her birth.” 

Cooke’s Hesiod. Theog. v. 311. 


972 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


PH 

PI 

PI 

PL 

PO 

Phi-lot^i-mus 

Phra-at'i-ces 

Pi-ce'num 

Pith-e-cu'sa 

Plu-tar'chus 

Phi-Io'tis 

Phra-da'tes 

Pi 'era 

Pith'e-us 

Plu'tarch (Eng.) 

Phi-lox'e-nu8 

Phra-gan'de 

Pic'tse, or Pic'ti 

Pi'tho 

Piu'ti-a 10 

Phi-Iyl'li-ua 

Phra-ha'tes 

Pic-ta'vi, or Pict'o-nes 

Pith-o-la'u9 

Plu'to 

Phii'y-ra 

Phra-nic'a-tes 

Pic-ta'vi-um j 

Pi-tho'le-on 

Plu-to'ni-um 

Phihy-res 

Phra-or^tes 

Pic'tor 

Pi'thon 

Plu'tus 

Phi-lyr'i-dea 

Phras'i-cles 

Pi'eus 

Pi'thys 

Plu'vi-us 

Phi-ne'us 

Phras'i-mus 

Pi-do'rus 

Pit'ta-cus 

Plyn-te'ri-a 

Phin'ta 

Phra'si-us 10 

Pid'y-tes 

Pit'the-a 

Pnig'e-us 13 

Phin^ti-as 10 

Phra-ta-pher'nes 

Pi '6-1 us 

Pit-the'is 

Pob-lic'i-u8 24 

Phla 

Pliri-a-pa^ti-us 10 

Pi'e-ra 

Pit'the-ns 

Pod-a-lir'i-U3 

Phleg'e-las 

Phrix^us 

Pi-e'ri-a 

Pit-u-a'ni-us 

Po-dar'ce 8 

Phleg'e-thon 

Phron'i-ma 

Pi-er'i-des 

Pit-u-la'ni 3 

Po-dar'ces 

Phle'gi-as 

Phron'tis 

Pi'e-ris 

Pit-y-jB'a 

Po-da'res 

Phle'gon 

Phruhi 3 

Pi'e-rus 

Pit-y-as'sus 

Po-dar'ge 

Phle'gra 

Phry'ges 6 

Pi'e-tas 

Pit-y-o-ne'sus 

Po-dar'gu3 

Phle'gy-e 6 8 

Phryg'i-a 

Pi'gres 

Pit-y-u'sa 

Pce'as 

Phle'gy-as 

Phry'ne 6 8 

Pi-lum'nu3 

Pla-cen'ti-a 10 

Pcec'i-le 24 

Phli^as 

Phryn'i-cus 

Pim'pla 

Plac-i-de-i-a'nus 

Pffi'ni 3 

Phli^us 

Phry'nis 

Pim-ple'i-des 

Pla-cid'i-a 

Poe'on 

Phloe'us 

Phry'no 

Pijn-ple'e-des 

Pla-cid'i-us 

Poe-o'ni-a 

Pho-bo'tor 

Phryx'us 

Pim-pra'na 

Pla-na'si-a 10 

Poe'us 

Pho-cfe'a 

Phthi'a 14 

Pin'a-re 

Plan-ci'na 

Po'gon 

Pho-cen'ses, and 

Phthi-o'tis 

Pi-na'ri-U3 

Plan'cus 

Po'la 

Pho'ci-ci 3 10 

Phy/a 

Pin'da-rus 

Pla-tge'a 

Pol-e-mo-cra'ti-a 

Pho-cil'i-des 

Phy'cus 

Pin'da-sus 

Pla-tJB'ae 

PoPe-mon 

Pho'ci-on 10 

PhyPa-ce 

Pin-de-nis'sus 

Pla-ta'ni-us 

Po-le'nor 

Pho'cis 

Phyla-cus 

Pin'dus 

Pla'to 

Po'li-as 

Pho^cus 

Phy-lar'chus 

Pin'na 

Plau'ti-a 10 

Po-li-or-ce'tes 

Pho-cyl'i-des 

Phy'las 

Pin'thi-as 

Plau'ti-us 

Po-lis'ma 

Phoe'be 

Phy'le 

Pi-o'ni-a 

Plau-ti-a'nus 

Po-lis'tra-tus 

Ph(E'be-um 

Phyl'e-is 20 

Pi-raj'us, or Pi-rae'e-us 

Plau-she-a'nas 

Po-li'tes 

Phoib'i-das 

Phy-le'us 

Pi-re'ne 

Plau-tiPla 

Pol-i-to'ri-um 

Phee-big'e-na 

PhyPi-ra 

Pi-rith'o-us 

Plau'tus 

Pol-len'ti-a 10 

Phce'bus 

PhyPla 

Pi'rus 

Plei'a-des* 

Pol-lin'e-a 

PhoB'mos 

Phyl-la'li-a 

Pi'sa 

Plei'o-ne 

Pol'li-o 

Phffi-ni'ce 29 

Phil-le'i-us 

Pi'sae 

Plem-myr'i-um 

PoPlis 

Ph(E-nic'i-a 10 

PhyPlis 

Pi-sae'us 

Plem'ne-us 29 

PoPli-u3 Fe'lix 

PhcD-nic'e-us 

PhyPli-us 

Pi-san'der 

Pleu-ra'tus 

Pol-lu'ti-a 10 

Phoc-nic'i-des 

Phyl-lod'o-ce 

Pi-sa'tes, or Pi-sae'i 

Pleu'ron 

Pol'lux 

PhcB-ni'cus 

PhyPlos 

Pi-sau'rus 

Plex-au're 

Po'lus 

Ph(En-i-cu'sa 

PhyPlus 

Pi-se'nor 

Plex-ip'pus 

Po-lus'ca 

Phoe-nis^sa 

Phy-scePla 

Pis'e-us 

Plin'i-U3 

Pol-y-a)'nus 

Phoe'nix 

Phv-rom'a-chus 

Pis'i-as 10 

Plin'y fEng.) 

PoPy-nus 

PhoPo-e 

Phys'eo-a 

Pi-si'di-a 

Plin-thi'ne 

Pol-y-ar'chu3 

Pho'lus 

Phys'eon 

Pi-sid'i-ce 

Plis-tar'chus 

Po-lyb'i-das 

Phor^bas 

Phys'eos 

Pi'sis 

Plis'tha-ncs 

Po-lyb'i-us, or PoPy-bus 

Phor'eus, or Phor'eys 

Phys'eus 

Pis-is-trat'i da) 

Plis'the-nes 

Pol-y-boe'a 

Phor'mi-o 

Phy-taPi-des 

Pis-is-trat'i-des 

Plis-ti'nus 

Pol-v-bce'tes 

Phorhnis 

Phyt'a-lus 

Pi-sis'tra-tus 

Plis-to'a-nax 

Pol-y-bo'tes 

Pho-ro'ne-us 

Phy'ton 

Pi'so 

Plis-to'nax 

Pol-v ca'on 

Pho-ro'nis 

Phyx'i-um 

Pi-so'nis 

Plis-to-ni’ces 30 

Pol-y-car'pu3 

Pho-ro'ni-um 

Pi'a, or Pi-a'li-a 

Pis'si-rus 

Plo'tse 

Pol- 3 ' -cas'te 

Pho-ti^nus 

Pi'a-sus 

Pis'tor '' 

Plo-ti'na 

Po-lych'a-res 

Pho'ti-us 10 

Pi-ce'ni 3 

Pi'sus 

Plot-i-nop'o-lis 

Pol-y-cle'a 

Phox'us 

Pi-cen'ti-a 10 

Pi-sutlPnes 

Plo-ti'nus 

PoPy-cles 

Phra-a'tes 

Pic-on-ti'ni 4 

Pit'a-ne 

Plo'ti-us 10 

Pol-y-cle'tus 


* Pleiades . — 

“ When with their c^omes the slow-pac’d snails retreat 
Beneath some foliage from the burning heat 
Of the Pleiades^ your tools prepare ; 

The ripen’d harvest then deserves your care.” 

Cooxe’s Hesiod. Works and Dayc. 

The translator has adhered strictly to the original IlX77ia5£S 
in making this word four syllables. Virgil has done the same : 

“ Ple'iadaSf Hyadas, claramque Lycaonis Arcton.” 

Oeorgic. I. 

But Ovid has contracted this word into three syllables ; 

“ Pleiades incipiunt humeros relevare paternos.” 

Fasti, iv. p. 169. 

The latter translators of the classics have generally con- 
tracted this word to three syllables. Thus, in Ogilby’s trans- 
lation of Virgil’s Georgies, b. 1 ; 

“ First let the eastern Pleiades go down. 

And the bright star in Ariadne’s crown.” 

“ The Pleiades and Hyades appear ; 

The sad companions of the turning year.” 

Creech’s Manilius. 

But Dryden has, to the great detriment of the poetical 
sound of this word, anglicised it, by squeezing it into two 
syllables : 

“ What are to him the sculpture of the shield. 

Heaven’s planets, earth, and ocean’s watery field. 

The Pleiads, Hyads, less and greater Bear, 

Undipp’d in seas, Orion’s angry star.^” 

Ovid’s Met. b. 12. 

This unpleasant contraction of Dryden’s seems not to have 
been much followed. Elegant speakers are pretty imiform in 


preferring the trisyllable ; but a considerable variety appears 
in the sound of the diphthong ei. Most speakers pronounce it 
like the substantive eye ; and this pronunciation is defended 
by the common practice in most schools, of sounding the diph- 
thong ft in this manner in appellatives ; but though Greek 
appellatives preserve the original sound of their letters, as 
<f>i\avTia, Trpo0drcor, k. t. X., where the t does not slide into 
sh, as in Latin words ; yet proper names, which are trans- 
planted into all languages, partake of the soil into which they 
are received, and fall in with the analogies of the language 
^^hich adopts them. There is, therefore, no more reason for 
preserving the sound of ct in proper names, than for pronoun- 
cing the c like k in Pkocion, Lacedeemon, &c. 

But perhaps it will be said, that our diphthong ei has the 
sound of eye as well as the Greek ti. To which it may be an- 
swered, that this is an irregular sound of these vowels, and 
can scarcely be produced as an example, since it exists but in 
either, neither, height, and sleight. The two first w'ords are 
more frequently and analogically pronounced eether, neether ,* 
and height is often pronounced so as to rhyme with weight, 
and would, in all probability, be always so pronounced, but 
for the false supposition, that the abstract must preserve the 
sound of the verb or adjective from which it is derived j and 
with respect to sleight, though Dr. Johnson says it ought to 
be written slight, as we sometimes see it, yet, if we observe his 
authorities, we shell find that several respectable authors spelt 
the word in this manner ; and if we consult Junius and Skin- 
ner, particularly the last, we shall see the strongest reason 
from etymology to prefer this spelling, as in all probability it 
comes from sly. The analogical pronunciation, therefore, of 
this diphthong in our own language is either as heard in 
vein, rein, &c., or in perceive, receive, &c. The latter is 
adopted by many speakers in 'the present word, as if written 
Pleeades ; but Plyades, though less analogical, must be own- 
ed to be the more polite and literary pronunciation. — See note 
on Elegeia in the Terminational Vocabalary. 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES 


973 


PO 

Po-lyc'ra-tes 
Pol-y-cre^ta, or 
Pol-y-cri'ta 
Po-lyc'ri-tu3 
Po-Iyc^tor 
Pol-y-dae'mon 
Po-lyd'a-mas 
Pol-y-dam^na 
Pol-y-dec'tes 
Pol-y-deu-ce'a 
Pol-y-do'ra 
Pol-y-do'rus 
Pol-y-a)-mon'i-des 
Pol-y-gi'ton 
Po-lyg'i-us 
Pol-yg-no'tus 
Po-lyg'o-nus 
Poi-y-hym'ni-a, and 
Po-lym'ni-a 
Pol-y-id'i-U3 
Pol-y-la'us 
Po-lym'e-nes 
Pol-y-me'de 
Po-lym'e-don 
Pol-y-me'la 
Pol-ym-nes^tes 
Pol-ym-nes'tor 
Pol-y-ni'ces 
Po-lyn^o-e 
Pol-y-pe'mon 
Pol-y-per'chon 
Pol-y-phe'inus 
PoVy-pheme (Eng) 
Pol-y-phon'tes 
Pol'y-phron 
Pol-y-poe'tes 
Po-]ys'tra-tus 
Pol-y-tech'nus 
Pol-y-ti-me'tus 
Po-lyt'i-on 10 
Po-lyt'ro-pus 
Po-lyx'e-na 
Pol-yx-en'i-das 
Po-lyx'e-nus 
Po-lyx'o 
Pol-y-ze'lus 
Pom-ax-ae'thres 
Po-me'ti-a 10 
Po-ine'ti-i 3 
Pom-e-tPna 
Po-nio^ia 
Poin-pe'i-a 5 
Pom-pei-a^nus 
Poni-pe'i-i, or 
Poin-pei'-um 
Pom-pei-op'o-lis 
Pom-pe'i-u3 
Pom-pil'i-a 
Poin-pil'i-us Nu'ma 
Pom-pi M us 
Pom-pis'cus 
Pom-po'ni-a 
Pom-po'ni-us 
Pom-po-si-a'nus 
Pomp-ti'ne 
Pomp-ti'nus 
Pom^pus 
Pon'ti-a 10 
Pon'ti-cum ma're 
Pon'ti-cus 
Pon-ti'na 
Pon-ti'nus 
Pon'ti-us 10 
Pon'tus 

Pon'tus Eu-xi'nus 
Po-pil'i-us Lfe'nas* 
Pop-lic'o-la 
Pop-pae'a Sa-bi'na 
Pop-p[B'us 
Pop-u-lo'ni-a 


PR 

Por'ci-a 10 
Por'ci-us 10 
Po-red'o-rax 
Po-ri'na 
Por-o-se-lebie 
Por-pliyr'i-on 
Por-phyr'i-us 
Por^ri-ma 
Por-sen'na, or 
Por'se-na 
Por'ti-a, and 
Por'ti-us 10 
Port^mos 
Por-tum-na'Ii-a 
Por-tum'nus 
Po'rus 
Po-si^es 
Pos-i-de'um 
Po-si'don 
Pos-i-do'ni-a 
Pos-i-do'ni-us 
Po'si-o 10 
Post-hu'mi-a 
Post-hu'mi-us 
Pos-tu^mi-us 
Post-ver'ta 
Po-tam'i-des 
Pot'a-mon 
Po-thi'nus 
Po'tlios 
Pot-i-dae'a 
Po-ti'na 
Po-tit'i-us 24 
I’ot'ni-® 
Prac'ti-um 10 
Pra?'ci-a 10 
Prae-nes^te 
PraB'sos 
Prai'sti 3 
Praj'tor 
Prae-to'ri-u3 
Prao-tu'ti-um 10 
Prat'i-nas 
Prax-ag'o-ras 
Prax'i-as 
Prax-id'a-mas 
Prax-id'i-ce 
Prax^i-Ia 
Prax-iph'a-nes 
Prax'is 
Prax-it'e-les 
Prax-ith'e-a 
Pre-u'ge-nes 
Prex-as'pes 
Pri-am'i-des 
Pri^a-mus 
Pri-a'pus 
Pri-c'ne 
Prisma 
Prison 
Pris-ciPla 
Pris'cus 
Prisons 
Pri-ver^nus 
Pri-ver^num 
Fro'ba 
Pro'bus, M. 
Pro'cas 
Proch'o-rus 
Proch'y-ta 
Pro-cibi-us 
Pro-ciPla 
Pro-cil'lu3 
Proc'le-a 
Pro'cles 
Proc'ne 
Pro-cli'dae 
Proc-on-ne'sus 
Pro-co'pi-us 
Proper is 


PT 

Pro-crus'tea 
Proc'u-la 
Proc-u-le'i-us 5 
Proc'u-Ius 
Pro'ey-on 
Prod'i-cus 
Pro-er'na 
Prcet'i-dcs 
PrcE^tus 
Prog'ne 
Pro-la' us 
Prom'a-chus 
Pro-math'i-das 
Pro-ma'thi-on 
Prom'e-don 
Prom-e-nae'a 
Pro-me'the-i 
Pro-ine'the-us 29 
Pro-me'this, and 
Proin-e-thi'des 
Prom'e-thus 
Prom'u-Iu3 
Pro-nap'i-des 
Pro'nax 
Pion'o-e 
Pron'o-mus 
Pron'o-us 
Pron'u-ba 
Pro-per'ti-us 
Pro-poet'i-dc3 
Pro-pon'tis 
Prop-y-Ie'a 
Pros-chys'ti-U3 10 
Pro-ser'pi-na 28 
Pros' er-pine (Eng.) 
Pros-o-pi'tis 
Pro-sym'na 
Pro-tag'o-ras 
Prot-a-gori-des 
Pro'te-i Co-lum'na) 
Pro-tes-i-la'us 
Pro'te-us 
Pro-tho-e'nor| 
Pro'the-us 
Proth'o-us 
Pro'to 

Prot-'^-ge-ne'a 

Pro-tog'e-nes 

Prot-o-ge-ni'a| 

Pro-to-me-di'a$ 

Prot-o-me-du'sa 

Prox'e-nus • 

Pru-don'ti-us 10 

Prum'ni-des 

Pru'sa 

Pru-sae'u3 

Pru^si-as 10 

Prym'no 

Pryt'a-nes 

Pryt-a-ne'um 

Pryt'a-nis 

Psam'a-tho 15 

Psam'a-thos 

Psam-me-ni'tus 

Psam-met'i-chus 

Psam'mis 

Psa-phis 

Psa'pho 15 

Pse'cas 

Pso'phis 

Psy'che 12 15 

Psych'rus 

Psyl'li 3 15 

Pte'le-um 16 

Pter-e-la'us 

Pte'ri-a 

Ptol-e-der'ma 

Ptol-e-mae'um 

Ptol-e-maa'us 

Ptol'c-my (Eng.) 


PY 

ToVe-me 16 
Ptol-e-ma'is 
PtoPy-cus 
Pto'us 

Pub-lic'i-a 24 

Pub-Iic'i-u9 10 

Pub-lic'o-la 

Pub'li-us 

Pul-che'xi-a 

Pu'ni-cum bePlum 

Pu'pi-us 

Pu-pi-e'nus 

Pup'pi-UR 

Pu-te'o-li 3 

Py-a-nep'si-a 10 

Pyd'na 

Pyg'e-la 

Pyg-mae'i 

Pyg-ma'li-on 29 

PyPa-des 

Py'lae 

Py-lsem'e-nes 

Py-lag'o-rae 

Py-lag'o-ras 

Py-Ia'on 

Py-lar'tes 

Py-lar'ge 

Py'Jas 

Py-le'ne 

PyPe-us 

PyPle-on 

Py'lo 

Py'los 

Py'lus 

Py'ra 

Py-rac'mon 

Py-rac'mos 

Py-raech'me3 

Pyr'a-mus 

Pyr-e-nae'i 

Pyr-e-nae'us 

Py-re'ne 

Pyr'gi 3 

Pyr'gi on 

Pyr'go 

Pyr-got'e-les 

Pyr'gus 

Py-rip'pe 

Py'ro 

Pyr'o-is 

Py-ro'ni-a 

Pyr'rha 

Pyr'rlii-as 

Pyr'rhi-ca 

Pyr'-rhi-c'Js 

Pyr'rhi-dae 

Pyr'rho 

Pyr'rhus 

Pys'te 

Py-thag'o-ras 

Pyth-a-ra'tus 

Pytb'e-as 

Py'thes 

Pyth'e-us 

Pyth'i-a 

Pyth'i-as 

Pyth'i-on 

Pyth'i-us 

Py'tho 

Py-thoch'a-ris 

Pyth'o-cles 

Pyth-o-do'rus 

Pyt'n-o-la'us 

Py'thon 

Pyth-o-ni'ce 30 
Pyth-o-nis'sa 
Pyt'na 
Pyt'ta-lus 


RH 

Q* 

aUA-DER'NA 
Clua'di 3 
Clua-dra'tus 
Q-uad'ri-frons, or 
Q,uad'ri-ceps 
Q,uaes-to'res 
Q.ua'ri 3 
(iua'ri-us 
Cluer'cens 
Qui-e'tus 
duinc-ti-a'nus 10 
Q,uinc-tiPi-a 
Q.uinc'ti-us, T. 

Clui n-de-ce m ' V i-r i 
Q,uin-qua'tri-a 
Q,uj n-quen-na' les 
Q,uin-til-i-a'nus 
Quin-til'i-an (Eng.) 
Q.uin-til'i-us Va'rus 
Q-uin-tiPla 
Cluin-tiPlus, M. 
Q.uin'ti-us 10 
Cluin'tus Cur'ti-us 
Cluir-i-na'Ii-a 
Q,uir-i-na'lis 
Glui-ri'nus 
Clui-ri'tes 1 


R. 

RA-BIR'I-US 

Ra-ciPi-a 

Rae-sa'ces 

Ra-mi'ses 

Ram'nes 

Ran'da 

Ra'po 

Ra-scip'o-lis 

Ra-von'na 

Rav'o-la 

Rau-ra'ci 3 

Rau-rPei 

Re-a'te 8 

Re-dic'u-lus 

Red'o-nes 

Re-giPlae 

Re-gil-h-a'nus 

Re-giPlus 

Reg'u-lus 

Re'mi 3 

Rem'u-Ius 

Re-mu 'ri-a 

Re'mus 

Re'sus 

Re-u-dig'ni 3 
Rha'ci-a 10 
Rha'ci-us 
" Rha-co'tis 
Rhad-a-man 'thus 
Rhad-a-mis'tus 
Rha'di -us 
Rhae'te-um 
Rhae'ti, or Rae'ti 
Rhae'ti-a 10 
Rham-nen'ses 
Rham'nes 
Rhain-si-ni'tus 
Rhain'nus 
Rba'nis 
Rha'ros 
Rhas-cu'po-ris 
Rhe'a 

Rhe'bas, or Rhe'bus 

Rhed'o-nes 

Rhe'gi-uni 


* Popilius Lamas . — Nothing can show the dignity of the 
Roman commonwealth and the terror of its arms, more than 
tlio conduct of this man. He was seijt as an ambassador to 
Antiochus, king of Syria, and was commissioned to order that 
monarch to abstain from hostilities against Ptolemy, king of 
Egypt, who was an ally of Rome. Antiochus, who v/as at 
the head of his army when he received this order, wished to 
evade it by equivocal answers •, but Popilius, with a stick 
which he had in his hand, made a circle round him on the sand, 
and bade him, in the name of the Roman senate anu people, 
not to go beyond it before he spoke decisively. This boldness 
intimidated Antiochus : he withdrew his garrisons from 

Egypt, and no longer meditated a war against Ptolemy. 


•f Prothoenor . — 

“ The hardy warriors whom Bmotia bred, 

\ Peneleus, Leitus, Pi'othoi^nor led.” 

Pope’s Horn. Iliad. 

X See Iphigenia. 

$ Protomedia . — 

“ Nissea and Actasa boast the same. 

Protomedia from the fruitful dame. 

And Doris, honor’d with maternal name.” 

Cooke’s Hesiod. Theog. v. 483. 

See Iphigenia. 


974 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


RU 

SA 

SA 

SC 

SE 

Rhe-gus'ei 3 
Rhe'ini 3 

Ru-pil'i-us 

Sal-mo'ne-us 

Sat-ra-pe'ni 

Scyl'lis 

Rus'ei-us 10 

Sal'mus 

Sa-tri'eum 

Scyl'lus 

Rhehio 

Rus-co'ni-a 

Sal-my-des'sus 

Sa-trop'a-ces 

Scy-lu'rus 

RJjehii 3 

Ru-sel'lffl 

Sa'lo 

Sat'u-ra 

Scyp'pi-um 

Rlie'nus 

Rus'pi-^ia 

Sa-lo'me 8 

Sat-u-re'i-um, or 

Scy'ras 

Rhe-o-mi^tres 

Ru-to'ni 

Sa'lon 

Sa-tu're-um 

Scy'ros 

Rhe'sus 

RusTi-cus 

Sa-lo'na, or Sa-lo'nae 

Sat-u-re'i-us 

Scy'thae 

Illie-tog'e-nes 

Ru'ti-la 

Sal-o-ni'na 

Sat-ur-na'li-a 

Scy'thes, or Scy'tha 

Rhet'i-co 

Ru'ti-lus 

Sal-o-ni'nus 

Sa-tur'ni-a 

Scyth'i-a 

Rhe-u'nus 

Ru-til'i-us RuTus 

Sa-lo'ni-us 

Sat-ur-ni'nus 

Scyth'i-des 

Rhex-e'nor 

RuTuba 

Sal 'pis 

Sa-tur'ni-us 

Scy-thi'nus 

Rhex-ib'i-us 

RuTu-bus 

Sal'vi-an 

Sa-tur'nu8 

Scy'thon 

Rhi-a'nus 

RuTu-li 3 

Sal-vid-i-e'nus 

Sat'u-rum 

Scy-thop'o-lis 

Rliid'a-go 

Ru'tu-p» 

Sal'vi-us 

Sat'y-rus 

Se-bas'ta 

Rhi mot'a cles 
Riii on 

Rhi pha, or Rhi'phe 
Rhi phaj'i 3 ^ 

Ru-tu-pi'nus 

Sa-ma'ri-a 30 
Sam-bu'los 
Sa'me, or Sa'mos 
Sa'mi-a 

Sau-fe'i-us Tro'gu 
Sau-rom'a-tae 
Sau'rus 
Sav'e-ra 

Se-bas'ti-a 
Seb-en-ny'tus 
Se-be'tus 
Se-bu-si-a'ni, or 

Rhi phe'us 
Rhi um 

S. 

Sam-ni'tSB 

Sam-ni'tes 

Sa'vo, or Sav-o'na 
Sa'vus 

Se-gu-si-a'ni 

Sec-ta'nus 

Rhe Ta-nus 

SA'BA 

Sam'nites (Eng.) 

Saz'i-ches 12 

Sed-i-ta'ni, or 

Rhc'de 

Sab'a-chus, or 

Sam'ni-um 

Scae'a 

Sed-en-ta'ni 3 

Rhohii-a 

Sab'a-con 

Sa-mo'ni-um 

Se'a 

Se-du'ni 3 

Rliod-o-gy^ne, or 

Sa'btB 

Sa'mos 

Sc8e'va 

Se-du'si-i 3 

Rhod-o-gu'ne 

Sa-ba'ta 

Sa-mos'a-ta 

Se'va 

Se-ges'ta 

Rho'do-pe, or 

Sa-ba'zi-us 

Sam-o-thra'ce, or 

Scaev'o-la 

Se-ges'tes 

Rho-do'pis 

Sab'bas 

Sam-o-thra'ci-a 

Sev'o~la 

Se-gob'ri-ga 

Rlio'dus 

Sa-bel'la 

Sa'mus 

Scal'pi-um 

Seg'ni 3 

Rhodes (Eng.) 

Sa-bel'li 3 

Sa'na 

Sca-mar 'der 

Seg'o-nax 

Rhoe'bus 

Sa-bi'na 

San'a-os 

Sca-man'dri-us 

Se-gon'ti-a, or 

Rlics'cus 

Sa-bi'ni 3 4 

San-cho-ni'a-thon 

Scan-da'ri-a 

Se-gun'ti-a 10 

RhoeTe-um 

Sa-bin-i-a'nus 21 

San-da'cef 

Scan-di-na'vi-a 

Seg-on-ti'a-ci 3 

Rhoe'tus 

Sa-bi'nus Au'lus 

San-da'li-um 

Scan-til'la 

Se-go'vi-a 

Rho-sa'ces 

Sa'bis 

San'da-nis 

Scap-tes'y-le 

Se-gun'ti-um 10 

Rho'sus 

Sab'ra-cae 

San'da-nus 

Scap'ti-a 10 

Se'i-us Stra'bo 

Rliox-ahia, or Rox-ahra 

Sa-bri'na 

San di'on 11 

Scap'ti-us 10 

Se-ja'nus Al'li-us 

Rhox-a'ni 3 

Sab'u-ra 

San-dre-cot'tus 

Scap'u-la 

Se-lem'nus 

Rhu-tehii, and 
Ru-thc'ni 

Sab-u-ra^nus 

San'ga-la 

Scar'di-i 3 4 

Se-le'ne 

Sab'ra-ta 

San-ga'ri-us, or 

Scar-phi'a, or Scar'phe 

Sel-eu-ce'na, or 

Rhyn'da-cus 

Sa'bus 

San'ga-ris 

Scau'rus 

Se-leu'cis 

RhynThon 

Sac^a-das 

San-guin'i-us 

Sced'a-sus 

Sel-eu'ci-a$ 29 

Rhy/p$ 

Sa'caa 

San-nyr'i-on 

Scel-e-ra'tus 

Se-leu'ci-dae 

Ri-])hac'i 3 

Sa'cer 

San'to-nes, and 

Sche'di-a 

Se-leu'cis 

Ri-phe'us 

Sacl.-a-li'tes 

San'to-nae 

Ske'di-a 

Se-leu'cus 

Rix-am'a-rae 

Sa-cra'ni 

Sa'on 

Sche'di-us 12 

Sel'ge 

Ro-bi'go, or Ru-bi'go 

Sac-raTor 

Sa-pae'i, or Sa-plue'i 

Sche'ri-a 

Se-lim'nus 

Rod-e-vi'eus 

Sa-crat'i-vir 

Sa'por 

Schoe'ne-us 

Se-li'nuns, or Se-li'nus 

Ro'rna 

Sad'a-les 

Sa-po'resJ 

Schoe'nus, or Sche'no 

Se-la'si-a 

Rome (Eng.), pronounc- 

Sa'dus 

Sap'pho, or Sa'pho 

Sci'a-this 

Sel-le'is 

ed Room* 

Sad-y-a'tes 

Sap'ti-ne 

SVa-this 

Sel'li 3 

Ro-ma'ni 3 

Sag'a-na 

Sa-rac'o-ri 3 

Sci'a-thos 

Se-lym'bri-a 

Ro-ma'nus 

Sag'a-ris 

Sa-ran'ges 

Sci'dros 

Sem'e-le 

Ro-mil'i-us 

Sa-git'ta 

Sar-a-pa'ni 3 

Scil'lus 

Sem-i-ger-ma'ni 

Rom'u-la 

Sa-gunTum, or 

Sar'a-pus 

Sci'nis 

Sem-i-gun'tus 

Ro-mu'li-da3 

Sa-gunTus 

Sar'a-sa 

Scin'thi 3 

Se-mir'a-mis 

Rom'u-lus 

Sa'is 

Sa-ras'pa-des 

Sci-o'ne 

Sem'no-nes 

Ro'mus " • 

Sa^a 

Sar-dan-a-pa'lus 

Sci-pi'a-dsB 

Se-mo'nes 

Ros'ei-us 10 

Saha-con 

Sar'des 

Scip'i-o 9 

Sem-o-sanc'tus 

Ro-sil'la-nus 

Sa!-a-min'i-a 

Sar'di 3 

Sci'ra 7 

Sem-pro'ni-a 

Ro'si-us 11 

Saha-mis 

Sar-din'i-a 

Sci-ra'di-um 

Sem-pro'ni-us 

Rox-a'na 

Sal-a-mi'na 

Sar'dis, or Sar'des 

Sci'ras 3 

Se-mu'ri-um 

Rox-o-la^ni 3 

Sa-la'pi-a, or 

Sar-don'i-cus 30 

Sci'ron 

Se'na 

Ru-bel'li-us 

Sa-la'pi-® 

Sar-i-as'ter 

Sci'rus 

Se-na'tus 

Ru'bi 3 

Sal'a-ra 

Sar-ma'ti-a 10 

Sco'lus 

Sen'na, or Se'na 

Ru' bi-con 

Sal-la'ri-a 

Sar-men'tus 

Scom'brus 

Sen'e-ca 

Ru-bi-e'nus Lap'pa 

Sa-las'ci 3 

Sar'ni-us 

Sco'pas 

Sen'o-nes 

Ru-bi'go 

Sa-le'i-us 5 

Sa'ron 

Sco'pi-um 

Son'ti-us 10 

Ru'bra sax'a 

Sa-le'ni 3 

Sa-ron'i-cus Si'nus 

Scor-dis'ei, and 

Sep-te'ri-on 

Ru'bri-us 

Sal-en-ti'ni 3 

Sar-pe'don 

Scor-dis'eae 

Sep-tim'i-us 

Ru'di-8B 

Sa-ler'num 

Sar-ras'tes 

Sco-ti'nus 

Sep-ti-mu-le'i-us 

RuTse 

Sal-ga'ne-us, or 

Sar'si-na 

Sco-tus'sa 

Sep'y-ra 

Ruf fus 

Sal-gahie-a 

Sar-san'da 

Scri-bo'ni-a 

Seq'ua-na 

Seq'ua-ni 

Ru-fil'lus 

Sa'li-i 3 4 

Sa'son 

Scri-bo-ni-a'nus 

Ruf-fi'nus 

Sal-i-na'tor 

Sa-tas'pes 
Sa'ti-ffi 10 

Scri-bo'ni-us 

Se-quin'i-us 

Se-ra'pi-o 

Ru-fi'nus 

Sa'li-us 

Scyl-a-ce'um 9 

Ru'fus 

Sal-1 us' ti-us 

Sat-i-bar-za'ne 

Scy'lax 

Se-ra'pis|l 

Ru'gi-i 4 

SaVlxLst (Eng.) 

Sa-tic'u-la, and 

Scyl'la 

Se'res 

Ru'ini-nus 

Sahma-cis 

Sa-tic'u-lus 

Scyl-lae'um 

Ser-l>o'nis 

Run-fi'na 

Sal-mo'ne 

Sa'tis 

Scyl'li-as 

Se-re'na 


* [The regular pronunciation, Rome, is now more com- 
mon. — E d.] 

t Sandace. — A sister of Xerxes, which I find in no lexicog- 
raph(;r but Lempriere, and in him with the accent on the first 
syllable , but, from its Greek original "EavdaoKt], it ought cer- 
tainly to be accented on the second syllable. 

:J; Sapor es. — This word, says Labbe, is by Gavantus and 
others, ignorant of the Greek, accented on the first syllable. 

$ Seleucia. — Lempriere and Labbe accent this word on the 
penultimate ; but Ainsworth, Gouldman and Holyoke on the 
antepenultimate. As this word, according to Strabo, had its 
eimltimate formed of the diphthong ct, ScXeuxeta, this sylla- 
le ought to have the accent ; but as the antepenultimate ac- 
cent is so incorporated into our tongue, I would strongly rec- 


ommend the pronunciation which an English scholar would 
give it at first sight, and that is, placing the accent on the u. 
This is the accent Milton gives it : 

“ Eden stretch’d her line 

From Auran eastward to the royal tow’rs 
Of great Seleucia, built by Grecian kings.” 

Par. Lost, b. 4. 

If, however, the English scholar wishes to shine in the classical 
pronunciation of this word, let him take care to pronounce the 
c like s only, and not like sh, which sound it necessarily has, 
if t he accent be on the antepenultimate syllabic See Rules 10 
and 30. 

II S.yrapis. — There is not a dissenting voice among our pros- 
odist? •'gainst the pronouncing of this word with the accent on 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


97a 


SI 

Se-re-ni-a^nus 

Se-re'nus 

Ser-ges'tus 

Ser'gi-a 

Ser'gi-U3 

Ser-gi'o-lus* 

Se-ri'phus 

Ser'my-la 

Ser-ra'nus 

Se'ron 

Ser-to'ri-u3 

Ser-vae'ug 

Ser-vi-a^nu3 

Ser-vit'i-a 

Ser-vil-i-a'nus 

Ser-vil'i-us 

Ser'vi-U3 TuHi-us 

Ses'a-ra 

50- sos'tris 
Ses'ti-us 

Sos'tos, or Ses'tU3 

Se-su'vi-i 3 

Set'a-bi3 

Se'thon 

Se'ti-a 10 

Seu'thes 

Se-ve'ra 

Se-ve-ri-a'nus 

Se-ve'rusf 

Sex'ti-a 

Sex-til 'i-a 

Sex-til'i-us 

Sex'ti-us 

Sex^tQ3 

51- bi'ni 3 
Si-bur'ti-u3 
Si-byl'lae 
Si'ca 

Si-cam^bri, or 
Sy-gam'bri 3 
Si-ca'ni 3 
Si-ca^ni-a 
Sic'e-li3 
Si-cePi-des 
Si-cha}'U3 
Si-cil'i-a 

Si-cin'i-u3 Den-ta'tus 

Si-ci'nu3 

Sic'o-ru3 

Sic'u-li 3 

Sic'y-on 

Sisk'e~on 

Sic-y-o'ni-a 

Si$h-e-o'ne-a 

Si'de 8 

Si-de'ro 

Sid-i-ci'num 

Si'don 

Si-do'nis 

Si-do'p\-u3 

Si'ga 

Si-gce'um, or Si-ge'um 
Sig'ni-a 


SI 

Sig-o-ves'sus 
Si-gy'ni, Sig'u-nsB 
Si-gyn'nDB 
Si'la, or Sy'la 
Si-la'na Ju'li-a 
Si-labius 
SiFa-ris 
Si-le'nus 
Sil-i-cen'se 
Sil'i-us I-tal'i-cus 
Sil'phi-um 
Sil-va'nus 
Sim-briv'i-us, or 
Sim-bruv'i-us 
Si-me'ibus, or 
Sy-me'thus 
Sim'i-lse 
Sim'i-lis 
Sim'mi-a3 
Si'mo 
Si'mo-i3 

Sim-o-is'i-us 10 

Si 'moil 

Si-mon'i-deg 

Sim-plic'i-u3 24 

Sim'u-lus 

Si'mus 

Sim'y-ra 

Sin'di 

Sin-gae'i 3 

Si'nig 

Sin'na-ces 

Sin'na-cha 

Sin'o-e 

Si'non 

Si-no'pe 

Si-no pe-us 

Sin'o-rix 

Sin'ii-i 3 4 

Sin-u-es'sa 

Siph'nos 

Si-pon'tum, Si 'pus 
Sip'y-lum. and 
Sip'y-lus 
Si-re'ne3 
^'rens (Eng.) 
Si'ris 
Sir'i-us 
Sir'mi-um 
Si-sain'nes 
Sis'a-pho 
Sis'e-nes 
Si-sen'na 
Sis-i-gam'bis, or 
Sis-y-gam'bis 
Sis-o-cos'tus 
Sis'y-phus 
Si-tal'ces 
Sith'ni-dc3 
Si'thon 
Si-tho'ni-a 
Sit'i-us 10 24 
Sit'o-nes 


SP 

Sme'nus 

Smcr'dis 

Smi'lax 

Smi'lig 

Smin-dyr'i-des 

Smin'the-usJ 

Smyr'na 

So-a'na 

So-an'da 

So-a'nes 

Soc'ra-tes 

Soi'mi-ag 

Sog-di a'na 

Sog-tli-a'nus 

Sol'o-e, or So'li 

So loe'is 

So'lon 

So-lo'ni-um 

So'lus 

Sol'y-ma, and Sol'y-mae 

Som'nus 

Son'chig 12 

Son-ti'a-tes 

Sop'a-ter 

So'phax 

So-phe'ne 8 

Soph'o-cles 

Soph-o-nig'ba 

So'phron 

So-phro'ni-a 

So-phron'i-cus$ 

Soph-ro-nis'cus 

So-phros'y-ne 

Sop'o-lis 

So'ra 

So-rac'tes, and So-rac'te 

So-ra'nus 

So'rex 

So-rit'i-a 10 

So'si-a Gal'la 10 

So-sib'i-us 

Sos'i-cles 

So-sic'ra-tes 

So-sig'e-nes 

So'si-i 3 10 

Sos'i-lug 

So-sip'a-ter 

So'sis 

So-sis'tra-tus 
So'si-U3 10 
Sos'the-nes 
Sos'tra-tu3 
Sot'a-des 
So'ter 
So-te'ri-a 
So-ter'i-cus 
So'this 
So'ti-on 11 
So'ti-us 10 
So'us 
Soz'o-men 
Spa'co 
I S^pai'ta 


ST 

Spar'ta-cus 
Spar'tae, or Spar'ti 
Spar-ta'ni, or 
Spar-ti-a't8D ^ 
Spar-ti-a'nus 
Spe'chi-a 12 
Spen'di-U3 
Spen'don 
Sper-chi'us 12 
S{)or-ma-toph'a-gi 
Spcu-sip'pus 
Sphac-te'ri-iB 
Splio'rus 
Sphinx ' 

Spho'dri-a3 
Sphra-gid'i-um 
Spi-cil'lus 
Spin'tha-ru3 
Spin'ther 
Spi'o 

Spi-tam'e-nes 

Spi-thob'a-tes 

Spith-ri-da'tes 

Spo-le'ti-um 10 

Spor'a-des|| 20 

Spu-ri'na 

Spu'ri-us 

Sta-bo'ri-us 

Sta'lii-ai 

Sta-gi'ra 1 

Sta'i-U3 

Staph'y-lus 

Sta-san'der 

Sta-sil'e-us 29 

Sta-til'i-a 

Sta-til'i-us 

Stat'i-nie 

Sta-ti'ra 

Sta'ti-us 10 

Sta-sic'ra-v.e3 

Sta'tor 

Slel-la'tes 

Stel'li-o 

Ste'na 

Sten-o-boe'a 

Ste-noc'ra-tes 

Sten'tor 

Steph'a-na 

Steph'a-nus 

Ster'o-pe 

Ster'o-pes 

Ste-sich'o-rus 

Ster-tin'i-us 

Ste-sag'o-ras 

Stes-i-cle'a 

Ste-sim'bro-tus 

Sihen'e-le 

Sthen'e-lus 

Sthe'nig 

Sthe'no 

Sthen-o-bce'a 

Stil'be, or Stil'bi-a 

Stil'i-cho 


su 

Stil'po 

Stim'i-con 

Stiph'i-lu3 

Sto-bae'us 

Stcech'a-des 

Sto'i-ci 

Sto'ics (Eng.) 

Stra'bo 

Stra-tar'chas 

Stra'to, or Stra'ton 

Strat'o-cles 

Strat-o-ni'ce 

Stra-to-ni'cu3 30 

Stron'gy-le 

Stropli'anles 

Stro'phi-us 

Stru-thoph'a-gi 

Stru'thus 

Stry'ma 

Strym'no 

Stry'mon 

Styg'ne 

Stym-pha'li-a, or 
Stym-pha'lis 
Styni-plia'lus 
Sty'ra 
Sty'rus 
Styx 

Su-ar-do'nes 
Su-ba'tri-i 3 4 
Sul)-lic'i-us 24 
Sub'o-ta 
Sub-ur'ra 
Su'cro 
Sues'sa 
Sues'so-iics 
Sue-to'ni-us 
Sue'vi 
Sue'vi-U3 
Suf-fe'nus 
Suf-fe'ti-us, or 
Fu-fe'ti-us 
Sui'dusIT 
Suil'i-us 
Sui'o-nes 
Sul'chi 
Sul'ci-us 

Sul'mo, or Sul'mo-na 
Sul-pit'i-a 
Sul-pit'i-us or 
Sul-pic'i-us 24 
Fum-ina'nus 
Su'ni-ci 
Su'ni-des 
Su'ni-um 
Su-o-vet-au-ril'i-a 
Su'pe-rum ma're 
Su'ra Al-myl'i-us 
Su-re'na 
Sur-ren'tum 
Su'rus 
Su'sa 
Su'sa-na 


the penultimate syllable ; and yet, to show the tendency of 
English pronunciation, when a ship of thig name had a des- 
perate engagement with one of the French, which attracted 
the attention of the public, every body pronounced it with 
the accent on the first syllable. Milton has done the same in 
his sublime description of the grandeurs of Pandemonium. 

« Not Babylon 

Nor great Alcairo such magnificence 
Equall’d in all their glories to enshrine 
Belus or Serapvi their gods ; or seat 
Their kings, when Egypt with Assyria strove, 

In wealth and luxury.” 

Par. Lostj b. i. v. 717. 

* Sergiolus . — T find this word in no dictionary but Lem- 
priere’s, and there tl*e accent is placed upon the penultimate 
instead of the antepenultimate syllable. 

t Severus . — This word, like Serapis, is universally mispro- 
nounced, by the mere English scholar, with the accent on the 
first syllable. 

I Smintheus . — This word, like Orpheus, and others of the 
same form, has the accent on the first syllable ; but poets often 
contract the two last syllables into one ; as Pope : 

“ O, Smintheus, sprung from fair Latona’s line, 

Thou guardian pow’r of Cilia the divine !” 

See Idomejieus. 

^ Sophronicus . — I find this word in no prosodist but Labbe ; 
and he places the accent on the penultimate syllable, like most 
other words of this termination ; unless, says he, any one 


thinks it more likely to be derived from Sophron, than from 
victory j that is, by uniting a general termination to the root 
of tiie word, than combining it with another word significant 
of itself: but as there is a Greek adjective ^wcppovtKOi, sig- 
nifying ordained by nature to temperance, it is much more 
probable that Sophronicus is this adjective used substantively, 
than that it should be compounded of and viko^, con- 

quering temperance ; and therefore the antepenultimate ac- 
cent seems preferable. 

[I Sporades . — This word has the accent placed on the first 
syllable by all our prosodists ; but a mere English ear is not 
only inclined to place the accent on the second syllable, but to 
pronounce the word as if it were a dissyllable, Spo-rades ; but 
this is so gross an error, that it cannot be too carefully 
avoided. 

IT Suidas . — This word is generally heard, even among the 
learned, in two syllables, as if written Sui-das. Labbe, how- 
ever, makes it three syllables, and accents the first ; altliough, 
says he, by what right I know not, it is generally pronounced 
with the accent on the penultimate. It may be observed, 
that, if we place the accent on the first syllable, the i in the 
second must be pronounced like e ,* and that the general pro- 
nunciation, whi'^h Labbe complains of, that of plaeuig the 
accent on the second syllable, must, in our English pronun- 
ciation of Greek or Latin words, preserve the i in its long 
open sound, as in idle ,* i<^, therefore, we pronounce the i in 
this manner, it is a sufficient proof that we place the accent 
on the penultimate syllable; which, though common, is, as 
Labbe observes, without good authority. 


976 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES 


TA 

Su si-a'na, or Su'sis 
Su-sa'ri-on 
Su'tri-um • 
Sy-ag'rus 
Syb'a-ris 
Syb-a-ri'ta 
Sijb'a-rite (Eng.) 
Syb'o-tas 
Sy-cin'nu3 
Sy'e-dra 
Sy-e'ne 8 
Sy-e-ne'si-us 10 
Sy-en-i'tes 
Syg/a-ros 
Sy-le'a 
Syl'e-us 
*Syiaa 
Syl'lis 
Syl'o-es 
Syl'o-son 
Syl-va'nus 
Syl'vi-a 
SyPvi-us 
Sy'ma, or Sy'me 
Sym'bo-lum 
Sym'ma-chus 
Sym-pleg'a-des 
Sy'mus 
Syn-ceMus 
Sy-ne'si-us 10 
Syn'ge-lu3 
Syn'nas 
Syn-na-lax'is 
Syn'nis 
Sy-no'pe 
Syn'ty-che 
Sy'phax 
Sy-phiB'um 
Syr'a-ces 
Syr-a-co'si-a 10 
Syr-a-cu'sae 8 
Syr'a~cuse (Eng.) 
Syr'i-a 
Sy'rinx 
Syr-o-phoe'nix 
Syr-o-phce-ni'ces 
Sy'ros 
Syr'tes 
Sy'rus 

Sys-i-gam^bis 

Sy-siin'e-thres 

Sys'i-na3 

Sy'thas 


T. 

TA-AIT'TES 

Tab'ra-ca 

Ta-bur'nus 

Tac-fa-ri'nas 

Ta-champ'so 

Ta'chos, or Ta'chus 

Tac'i-ta 24 

Tac'i-tus 24 

Tac'di-a 

Taen'a-rus 

Tae'ni-a3 

Ta'ges 

Ta-go'ni-us 

Ta^gus 

Ta-la'si-U3 10 

TaPa-us 

Ta-la'y-ra 6 

Tal'e-tum 

Tal-thyb'i-us 

Ta'lus 

Tam'a-rus 

Ta'mos 

Ta-ma^se-a 

Tam'pi-us 

Tam'y-ras 

Tam'y-ris 


TE 

Tan%-gra 
Tan'a-grus, or 
Tan%-ger 
Tan'a-is 
Tan'a-quil 
Tan-tal'i-des 
Tan'ta-lus 
Ta-nu^si-us Ger'mi 
nus 10 
Ta^phi-SB 
Ta^phi-us 
Ta'phi-us, or 
Ta-phi-as'sus 
Tap-rob'a-ne 
Tap'sus 
Tap'y-ri 3 
Tar'a-nis 
Ta'ras 

Tar-ax-ip'pus 
Tar-bel'li 3 
Tar-che'ti-us 10 
Tar'chon 
Ta-ren'tum, or 
Ta-ren'tus 
Tar'nae 
Tar'pa 
Tar-pe'i-a 5 
Tar-pe'i-u3 5 
Tar-quin'i-a 
Tar-quin 'i-i 3 
Tar-quin 'i-u3 
Tar-quit'i-us 27 
Tar'qui-tus 
Tar-ra-ci'na 
Tar'ra-co 
Tar-ru'ti-us 10 
Tar'sa 
Tar'si-us 10 
Tar'sus, or Tar'sos 
Tar'ta-rus 
Tar-tes'sus 
Tar-un'ti-us 
Tas-ge'ti-us 
Ta'ti-an 
Ta-ti-en'ses 
Ta'ti-us 10 
Tat'ta 

Tau-lan'ti-i 3 
Tau'nus 
Tau-ra'ni-a 
Tau-ran'tes 
Tau'ri 3 
Tau'ri-ca 7 
Tau'ri-ca Cher-so- 
ne^sus 
Tau-ri'ni 3 
Tau-ris'ci 3 
Tau'ri-um 
Tau-ro-m i n ' i-um 
Tau'rus 
Tax'i-la 

Tax'i-lus, or Tax'i-les 
Tax-i-maq'ui-lus 
Ta-yg e-te, or 
Ta-y-ge^te 
Ta-yg'e-tu3,* or 
Ta-yg'e-ta 
Te-a'num 
Te'a-rus 

Te-a'te-a, Te'a-te, or 
Te-ge'a-te 
Tech-mes'sa 
Tech'na-tis 
Tec'ta-mus 
Tec-tos'a-ges, or 
Tec-tos'a-gsB 
Te'ge-a, or Te-gae'a 
Teg'u-la 
Teg'y-ra 7 
Te'i-us 5 
Te'i-um, or Te'03 
Tel'a-mon 
Tel-a-mo-ni'a-des 
Tel-chi'nes 


TE 

Tel-chin'i-a 
Tel-chin^i-us 
Tel'chis 
Te'le-a 7 19 
Te-leb'o-as 
Te-leb'o-se, or 
Te-leb'o-es 
Tel-e-bo'i-des 
Te-lec'les, or Te-lec^lu3 
Tel-e-cIiMes 
Te-leg'o-nus 
Te-lera'a-chus 
TePe-mus 
Tel-e-phas'sa 
Tel'e-phus 
Te-le'si-a 10 
Te-les'i-clas 
Tel-e-siPla 
Tel-e-sin'i-cus 
Tel-e-si'nus 
Tel-e-sip'pus 
Te-les^pho-rus 
Tel-e-stag'o-ras 
Te-les'ras 
Te-les^tes 
Te-les'to 
TePe-thus 
Tel-e-thn^sa 
Te-leu'ri-as 
Te-leu'ti-as 
Tel-la'ne 
TePli-as 
TePlis 
TePlus 

Tel-mes^sus, or 
TeJ-mis'sus 
Te'lon * 

Tel-thu*sa 
Tc'lys 26 
Te-ma^the-a 
Te-me'ni-um 
Tem-e-ni'tes 
Tem'e-nus 
Tem-e-rin'da 
Tem^e-sa 
Tem'fc-se 
Tem'nes 
Tem'nos 
Tem^pe 
Ten'e-dos 
Te'nes 26 
Ten 'e-sis 
Te'nos 26 
Ten'ty-ra (Egypt) 
Ten-ty'ra (Thrace) 
Te'os, or Te'i-os 
Te-re'don 
Te-ren'ti-a 
Te-ren-ti-a'nus 
Te-ren'tus 
Te're-usf 
Ter-ges'te, and 
Ter-ges'tum 
Te'ri-as 19 
Ter-i-ba'zus 
Te-rid'a-e 19 
Ter-i-da'tes 
Ter'i-gum 
Ter-men'ti-a 10 
Ter'me-rus 27 
Ter-me'sus 27 
Ter-mi-na'li-a 
Ter-mi-na'lis 
Ter'mi-nus 
Ter'mi-sus, or 
Ter-mes'sus 
Ter-pan'der 
Terp-sich'o-re 8 
Terp-sic'ra-te 
Ter-ra-ci'na 
Ter-ra-sid'i-us 
Ter'ti-a 10 
Ter'ti-us 10 
Ter-tul-li-a'nus 


TH 

Te'thys 26 

Te-trap'o-Iis 

Tet'ri-cus 

Teu'cer 

Teu'cri 3 

Teu'cri-a 

Teuc'te-ri 3 

Teu-mes'sus 

Teu'ta 

Teu-ta'mi-as, or 
Teu'ta-mis 
Teu'ta-mus 
Teu'tas, or Teu-ta'tes 
Teu'thras 
Teu-tom'a-tus 
Teu'to-ni, and 
Teu'to-nes 
Tha-ben'na 
Tha'is 
Tha'la 
ThaPa-me 
Tha-las'si-us 
Tha'les 

Tha-les'tri-a, or 
Tha-les'tris 
Tha-le'tes 27 
Tha-li'a 30 
ThaPf i-us 
Tham'y-ras 
Tham'y-ris 
Thar-ge'li-a 
Tha-ri'a-des 
Tha'rops 26 
Thap'sa-cus 
Tha'si-us, or 
Thra'si-us 10 
Tha'sos 26 
Tha'sus 

Thau-man'ti-as, and 
Thau-man'tis 
Thau'mas 
Thau-ma'si-us 
The'a 

The-ag'e-nes 
The-a'ges 
The-a'no 
The-a'num 
The-ar'i-das 
The-ar'nus 
The-a-te'tes 
The'bse 8 
Thebes^ (Eng.) 
Theb'a-is 
The'be, or The'bae 
The'i-a 
The'i-as 5 
Thel-e-phas'sa 
Thel-pu'sa 
Thelx-i'on 29 
Thelx-i'o-pe 
The-me'si-on 11 
The'mis 
The-mis'cy-ra 
Them'e-nus 
Them'i-son 
Tiie-mis'ta 
The-mis'ti-us 
The-mis'to-cles 
T hem-i-stog'e-nes 
The-o-cle'a 
The'o-cles 
The'o-clus 
The-o-clym'e-nus 
The-oc'ri-tus 
The-od'a-inas, or 
Thi-od'a-mas 
The-o-dec'tes 
The-od-o-re'tus 
The-od' o-ret (Eng.) 
The-od-o-ri'tus 
The-o-do'ra 
The-o-do'rus 
The-o-do'si-us 10 
The-od 'o-ta 


TH 

The-o-do'ti-on 11 
The-od'o-tus 
The-og-ne'tes 
The-og^nis 
The-orn-nes'tus 
The'on 
The-on'o-e 8 
The'o-pe 
The-oph'a-ne 
The-oph'a-nes 
The-o-pha'ni-a 
The-oph'i-lus 
The-o-phras'tus 
T he-o-pol 'e-mus 
The-o-pom'pus 
The-o-phy-lac'tus 
The-oph'i-lact (Eng.) 
The-o'ri-us 
The-o-ti'mus 
The-ox'e-na 
The-ox-e^i-a 
The-ox-e'ni-us 
The'ra 
The-ram'bus 
The-ram'e-nes 
The-rap'ne, or 
Te-rap'ne 
The'ras 
The-rip'pi-das 
Ther'i-tas 
T.ier'ma 
Ther-mo'don 
Ther-mop'y-lae 
Ther'mus 
The-rod'a-mas 
The'ron 
Ther-pan'der 
Ther-san'der 
Ther-siPo-chus 
Ther-sip'pus 
Ther-si'tes 1 
Thes-bi'tes 
The-se'i-dse 
The-se'is 
The'se-us 
The-si'dae 
The-si''des 
Thes-moph-o'ri-a 
Thes-moth'e-tae 
Thes-pi'a 
Thes-pi'a-dae 
Thes-pi'a-des 
Thes'pi-ae 
Thes'pis 
Thes'pi-iis, or 
Tiies'ti-us 
Thes-pro'ti-a 10 
Thes-pro'tus 
Thes-sa'li-a 
Thes-sa'li-on 29 
Thes-sa-li'o-tis 
Thes-sa-lo-ni'ca$ 30 
Thes'sa-lus 
Thes'te 
Thes'ti-a 
Thes-t,i'a-de, and 
Thes-ti'a-des 
Thes'ti-as 
Thes'ti-us 
Thes'tor 

is 

Theu'tis, or Teu'this 

Thi'a 

Thi'as 

Thim'bron 

Thi-od'a-mas 

This 'be 

This'i-as 10 

Thi& d-a 

Tho-an'ti-um 10 
Tho'as 
Tho'e 8 
Tjiom'y-ris 19 


Thes'ty-1 

The'tis 


* Ta7jgetiis and Taijgete. — All our prosodists but Lempriere 
accent these words on the antepenultimate syllable, as if di- 
vided into Ta-yg'e-tus and Ta~7jg'e~te. I am, therefore, 
rather inclined to suppose the quantity marked in his diction- 
ary an error of the pres?. The lines in Lily’s Qu<b Oenus 
will easily call to the recollection of every scholar how early 
he adopted the antepenultimate pronunciation : 

“ Tartara, Taygctus. sic Taenera, Massica, et altus 
Gargarus ” 


f Tereus . — For words of this termination, see Idomeneus. 

X Thebes. — Thebes in Egypt was called Hecatom'pijlos, 
from having a hundred gates ; and Thebes in Greece Hep- 
tap' ylos, from its seven gates. 

$ Thessalonica. — This word, like every other of a similar 
termination, is sure to be pronounced by a mere English schol- 
ar with the accent on the third syllable *, but tliis must bo 
avoided on pain of literary excommunication. 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


977 


TI 

Tho'lus 

Thon* 

Tho'nis 

Tlio'oii 

Tho'o-sa 

Tiio-o'tes 

Tlio-ra'ni-us 

TIjo'rax 

Tlio'ri-a 

Thor'.mx. 

Thor'sus 
Tlio'us 
Thra'ce 
Tlira'ces 
'l'l)ra'ci-a 
Thrace (Eng.) 
Thrac'i-da3 19 
Tlira'cis 
Thni'se-as 11 

'I’hra-sitl e-U3 

'IMira'st-us 10 

Thra'so 

Tiiras-y-buMus 

Thras-y-diE'us 

Thra-syl'lus 

’■J’hra syin'a-chus 

I’liras-y-rne'cles 

Tlira^-y-mebuis 

Tliro-ic'i-us 24 

Tliro-i-5'sa 

Til rep-sip' pas 

Tliri-ani'bus 

TlHo'iii-uiu 

Tliry'oii 

Tliry'us 

I’iiu-cyd'i-des 

Thu-is'to 

Thu'lo 8 

Thu'ri-ffi, or Thu'ri-um 

'J'liu'ri-nus 

T!ius'ci-a 10 

Tliy^a 

Tliy'a-des 

Thy'a-inis 

Thy'a-na 

7’hy-a-ti'ra 

Thy-bar'ni 

Tliy-es'ta 

Tliy-es'tes 

Thy m 'bra 

Thym-lirfe'us 

Tbym'bris 

Thym'bron 

Thym'e-lo 

Thy-mi'a-this 

Thy-tnocli'a-res 

TJiy-mce'tes 

Thy-od'a-raas 

Tliy-o ne 

Tliy-o'ne-us 

Tby'o-tes 

Thy'ro 

Thyr'e-a 

Tliyr'e-us 

Tliyr'i-on 29 

Thyr-sag'e-tE 0 

Thys'sos 

Thy'us 

Ti'a-sa 1 

Tib-a-rc'ni 

Ti-be'ri-as 

Tib-e-ri'nus 


TI 

TR 

TU 

Pib'e-ris 

Ti'tan, Ti-ta'nus 

Tre-bo'ni-us 

Ti-be'ri-us 

Tit'a-na 

Tret)'u-la 19 

Ti-be'sis 

Ti-ta'nes 

Tre'rus 

Ti-bul'lus 

Tktans (Eng.) 

Trev'e-ri 3 

Ti'bur 

Ti-ta'ni-a 

Tri-a'ri-a 

Ti-bur'ti-us 10 

Ti-tan'i-dcs 

Tri-a'ri-us 

Ti-bur'tus 

Ti-ta'nus (a giant) 

Tri-bal Ii 3 

Tich'i-us 12 

Tit'a-iius (a river) 

Trib'o-ci 

I’ic'i-da 

Til-a-re'si-us 10 

Tri-bu'ni 

Ti-ci'nus 

Tit'e-nus 

Tric-as-ti'ni 3 

Tid'i-us 

Tith-e-nid'i-a 

Trie'ese 

Ti-es'sa 

Ti-tho'nus 

Trick' se 

Tif a-ta 

Tit'i-a 19 

Tri-cla'ri-a 

Ti-fer'num 

Tit-i-a'na 21 

Tri-cre'na 

Tig'a-sis 

Tit-i-a'nus 

Tri-o-ter'i-ca 

Tig-el li'nus 24 

Tit'i-i 3 19 

Trif-o-li'nus 

Ti-gel'li-us 

Ti-tbraus'tes 

Tri-na'cri-a, or 

Ti-gra'nes 

Ti-titi'i-us 

3'rin'a-cris 

Tig-ran-o-cer'ta 

Tit'i-us 10 19 

Tri-no-ban'tes 

Ti gres 

Ti-lor'mns 

Tri-oc'a-la, or 

Ti'gris 

Ti-tu'ri-us 

Tri'o-cla 

Tig-u-ri'ni 3 

Ti'tus 

3^ri'o-pas or Tri'ops 

Tii-a-loe'i 4 

Tit'y-rus 

Tri pliil'lis 1 

Ti-mae'a 

Tit'y-us 19 

Tri-pbi'lns 

Ti-iuse'us 

Tle-poi'o-mus 16 

Tri-pliyl i-a 

Ti-mag'c-nes 

Tma'rus 

Trip'o-lis 19 

Ti-mag'o-ras 

Tmo'lus 13 

Trip-tol'o-mus 

Ti-man'(ira 

'i'o-ga'ta 

Triq'ue-tra 

Ti-rnan'dri-des 

Tol'mi-dcs 

Tris-mo-gis'tus 

Ti-man'thes 

To-lo'sa - 

Trit'i-a 10 

Ti-mar'chus 12 

To-lum nus 

Trit-o-ge-ni'a 30 

Tim-a-rc'ta 

To' Ins 

Tri'ton 

Ti-ina'si-on 11 

To-mae'um 

3'ri-to'nis 

Tiin-a-sith'e-us 

Tom'a-rus 19 

Tri-um'vi-ri 4 

Ti-ma'vus 

3’om'i-sa 

Tri-ven'turn 

Ti-me'si us 11 

To'mos, or To'rais 

Tri V' i-a 

Ti-moeb'a-ris 12 

Tom'y-ris 19 

Triv'i-a; An'trum 

3’im-o-clo'a 

To'nc-a 

Triv'i-ae Lu'eus 

Ti-moc'ra-tes 

Ton-gil'li 

Tri-vi'euin 

Ti-mo'ere-on 

To-pa'zos 

Tro'a-des 

Tim-o-de'mus 

Top'i-ris, or 

Tro'as 

Tim-o-la'us 

Top'rus 

Troch'a-ri 

Ti-mo'le-on 

Tor'i-ni 3 

Troch'o-is 12 

Ti-mo'lus 13 

To-ro'ne 

Trcp-ze'no 

Ti-mom'a-chus 

3’or-qua'ta 

Trug'i-lus 24 

Ti'mon 

3’or-qua'tus 

Trog lod'y-tae 

Ti-moph'a-nes 

Tor 'tor 

Tro'gus Pom-pe'i-us 

Ti-mo'the-us 

To'rus 

Tro'ja 

Ti-mox'e-nus 

Tor'y-no 

I'roy (Eng.) 

Tin'gis 

Tox-a-rid'i-a 19 

Tro'i-lusf 

Ti'pha 

Tox'e-us 

Trom-en-ti'na 

Ti'phys 

Tox-ic'ra-tc 

Troph'i-mus 

Tiph'y-sa 

Tra'be-a 

Tro-pho'ni-us 

Ti-re'si-as 10 

Trach'a-lus 12 

Tros 

Tir-i-ba'ses 

Tra'chas 

Tros'su-lum 

Tir-i-da'tes 

Tra-chin'i-a 

Trot'i-lum 

Ti'ris 18 

Trach-o-ni'tis 

Tru-en'tum or 

Ti'ro 

Tra'gus 

Tru-en-ti'num 

Ti-ryn'thi-a 

Traj-a-nop'o-lis 

Tryph'e-rus 

Ti-ryn'thus 

Tra-ja'nus 

Trypli-i-o-do'rus 

Ti-sae'urn 

Tra'jan (Eng.) 

Try'phon 

Ti-sag'o-ras 

Tral'les 

Try-pho'sa 

Ti-sam'e-nes . . 

Trans-tib-er-i'na 

Tu'be-ro 19 

Ti-san'dr.us 

Tra-pe'zus 

Tue'ei-a 10 

Ti-sar'chus 12 

Tra-sul'lus 

Tuk'she-a 

Ti-si'a-rus 

Tro-ba'ti-us 10 

Tu'ei-a 10 

Tis'i-as 10 

Tre-bcl-li-a'nus 

Tu'der,or Tu-der'ti-a 10 

Ti-siph'o-ne 

Tre-bel-li-e'nus , 

Tu'dri 3 

Ti-siph'o-nus 

Tre-bel'li-us 

Tu-gi'ni, or Tu-ge'ni 

Tis-sam'e-nus 

Tre'bi-a 

Tu-gu-ri'nus 22 

Tis-sa-pher'nes 

Tre' bi-US 

Tu-is'to 

Ti-tae'a 

Tre-bo'ni-a 

Tu-lin'gi 3 


TY 

Tul'la 

Tul'li-a 

Tui-li'o-la 

TnI'li-us 

Tii-ne'ta, or Tu'nis 
Tun'gri 
Tii-ra'iii-us 
Tnr'Iio 
Tur-Je-t.a'ni 
Tu-ro'sis 
Tii'ri-u8 
Tur'iiu.s 
Tu'ro-'.ies 
Tur'|)i-o 
Tu-rul'li-ua 
Tus-c.a'ni-a, and 
Tus'ci-a 10 
Tus'ci 3 
Tus-cu-la'num 
T us'cu-luin 
Tus'cus 
Tu'ta 
Tu'li-a 10 
Tu'ti-cum 
Ty'a-na 
Ty-a'ne-us,:j; or 
Ty-a-na3'u3 
Ty-a-iii'tis 
Ty'bris 
Tybur 
Ty'clie 12 
Ty'ke 

Tyc!i'i-cus 12 
Tyc!i'i-us 12 
3'y'de 
Tyd'e-us^ 

Ty-di'des 
Ty-e'nis 
Tym'ber 
I’y-nioMus 
Tym-pa'ni-a 
T)m-pli0c'i 3 
Tyii-dar'i-dcs 
Tyn'da-ris 
Tyn'da-rus 
Tyn'ni-chug 
Ty-plioe'us, or 
Ty-phoe'os (sub.) 
Ty-pho'e-us (adj.) 
Ty'jihon 
Ty-ran-ni'on 
Ty-ran'nus 
Ty'ras, or Ty'ra 
Ty'res 
Tyr-i-da'tes 
Tyr'i-i 4 
Ty-ri'o-tes 
Ty'ro 

1’y-i’og'lv-phu3 
1 y'ros 

Tyr-rlie'i-daj 
Tyr-rhe'i do3 
Tyr-rbe'ni 
Tyr-rhe'num 
Tyr-rJie'nus 
Tyr'rhe-us 
Tyr-rlii'da3 
Tyr'sis 
Tyr-tae'us 
T y'rus, or Ty'ros 
Tyre (Eng.) 
Tys'i-as 10 


/ 


* 7'hon, a physician of Egypt. — Milton spells this word 
with the final e, making it one syllable only, and consequently 
pronouncing it so as to rhyme with tone : 

“ Not that Nepenthe, which the wife of Thone, 

In Egypt, gave to Jove-born Helena, 

Is of such power to stir up joy as this” 

Comus. 

I Troilus . — This word is almost always heard as if it were 
two syllables only, and as if written Troy'lus. This is a cor- 
ruption of the first magnitude ; the vowels should be kept sepa- 
rate, as if written Tro'e-lus . — See Zoilus. 

I Tyaneus . — This w’ord is only used as an ad jective to Apol- 
onius, the celebrated Pythagorean philosopher, and is formed 
from the town of Tyana, where he was born. The natural 
formation of this adjective \'?ould undoubtedly bo Tyaneus^ 
with the accent on the antepenultimate syllable. Labbe, at 
the word 7’yana, says, “ et inde deductum Tyaneus; quid- 
quid sciam reclamare nonnullos sed immerito, ut satis norunt 
eniditi.” 

The numberless authorities, which might bo brought for 

62 


pronouncing this word either way, sufficiently show how equiv- 
ocal is its accent, and of how little importance it is to which 
we give the preference. My private opinion coincides with 
Labbe ; but, as we generally find it written with the diph- 
thong, we may presume the penultimate accent has prevailed, 
and that it is the safest to follow. 

$ Tydeus . — This word, like several others of the same ter- 
mination, was pronounced by the Greeks sometimes in three 
and sometimes in two syllables, the en considered as a diph- 
thong. When it was pronounced in three syllables, the penul- 
timate syllable was long, and the accent was on it, as \ve find 
it in a verse of Wilkie’s Epigoniad : 

“ Venus, still partial to the Thebau arms, 

Tydeus^ son seduc’d by female charms.” 

But the most prevailing pronunciation was thnt with the ante- 
penultimate accent, ns we generally find it in Pope’s Homer : 
“ Next came Idomeneus anil Tydeus^ son, 

Ajax the loss, and Ajax Telamon.” 

Pope’s Horn. b. ii. v. 50, 

See Idomeneus. 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


'978 


VE 

u. 

U'BI-I 4 

U-cal'e-gon 

U'cu-bis 

U^fens 

Uf-en-ti'na 

Ul-pi-a'nus 

Ul'pi-an (Eng^ ) 

U'lu-brae 

U-lys'ses 

Um'ber 

Um'bra 

Um'bri-a 

Um-brig'i-us 24 

Um'bro 

Un'ca 

Un'chae 

Un-do-cem'vi-ri 3 
U-nel/Ji 3 
Unx'i-a 
U-ra'ni-a 

U-ra'ni-i, or U^ri-i 
U^ra-nus 
Ur-bic'u-a 
Er'bi-cus 
U'ri-a 
U'ri-tC8 
Ur-sid'i-us 
Us-ca^na 
U-sip'e-tes, or 
U-sip'i-ci 3 
Us-ti'ca 
U'ti-ca 

Ux-el-Io-du'num 
Ux'i-i 3 
Ux-is'a-ma 
U'zi-ta 


V. 

VAC-CiE'I 3 

Va-cu'na 

Va'ga 

Vag-e-dru'sa 
Va-gel'li-us 
Va-ge'ni 3 
Va'la 
a' lens 

Va-Ien'ti-a 10 

Val-en-tin-i-a'nus 

Val-en-tin'i-an (Eng.) 

Va-le'ri-a 

Va-le-ri-a'nus 

Va-le'ri-an (Eng.) ^ 

Va-le'ri-us 

Val'e-rus 

Val'gi-us 

Van-da'li-i 3 4 

Van-gi'o-ncs 

Van'ni-us 

Va-ra'nes 

Var-dae'i 

Va'ri-a 

Va-ri'ni 3 

Va-ris'ti 

Va'ri-us 

Var'ro 

Va'rus 

Vas-co'nes 

Vat-i-ca'nus 

Va-tin'i-us 

Vat-i-e'nus 

Vec'ti-us 10 


VE 

Ve'di-us PoPli-o 

Ve-ge'ti-u3 10 

Ve'i-a 

Ve-i-a'nug 

Ve-i-en'tes 

Ve-i-en'to 

Ve'i-i 3 

Vej'o-vis 

Ve-la'brum 

Ve-la^ni-us 

Ve'li-a 

Vel'i-ca 

Ve-li'na 

Ve-li'num 

Ve-li-o-cas'si 3 

Vel-i-ter'na 

Ve-li'trae 

Vel'la-ri 3 

Vel'le-da 

Vel-le'i-us 

Ve-na'frum'f' 

Ven'e-di 

Ven'e-li 

Ven'e-ti 3 

Ve-ne'ti-a 10 

Ven'ice (Eng.) 

Ven'e-tus 

Ve-nil'i-a 

Ve-no'ni-us 

Ven-tid'i-us 

Ven^ti 3 

Ven-u-le'i-us 

Ven'u-lus 

Ve'nus 

Ve-nu'si-a, or 
Ve-nu'si-uin 10 
Ve-ra'gri 
Ve-ra'ni-a 
Ve-ra'ni-ua 
Ver-big'e-nu3 
Ver-cel'las 
Ver-cin-get'o-rix 
Ver e'na 
Ver-gil'i-a 
Ver-gas-il-lau'nu3 
Ver-gel'lus 
Ver-gil'i-ae 
Ver-gin'i-us 
Ver'gi-um 
Ver-go-bre'tua 
Ver'i-taa 

Ver-o-doc'ti-us 10 
Ver-o-man'du-i 
Ve-ro'na 
Ve-ro'nea 
Ver-o-ni'ca 30 
Ver-re-gi'num 
Ver'res, C. 
Ver'ri-tus 
Ver'ri-U3 
Ver-ru'gof 
Ver'ti-co 
Ver-ti-cor'di-a 
Ver-tis'cus 
Ver-tum'nus 
Ver-u-la'nus 
Ve'rus 
Ves'bi-us, or 
Ve-su'bi-us 
Ves-ci-a'num 
Ves-pa-si-a'nus 
Ves-pa'si~an (Eng.) 
Ves-cu-la'ri-us 
Ves'e-ris 
Ve-se'vi-us, and 
Ve-se'vus 
Ves'ta 


VO 

Ves-ta'les 

Ves-ta'li-a 

Ves-tic'i-us 24 

Ves-til'i-us 

Ves-til'la 

Ves-ti^ni 3 

Ves-ti'nus 

Ves'u-lus 

Ve-su'vi-u3 

Vet'ti-us 

Vet-to'nes 

Vet-u-lo'ni-a 

Ve-tu'ri-a 

Ve-tu^ri-u3 

Ve'tus 

Vi-bid'i-a 

Vi-bid'i-us 

Vib^i-us 

Vi'bo 

Vib-u-le'nu8 
Vi-bul'li-us 
Vi'ca Po'ta 
Vi-cen'ta, or 
Vi-ce't.i-a 10 
Vi-ceFli-us 
Vic^tor 
Vic-to'ri-a 
Vic-to'ri-us 
Vic-to-ri'na 
Vic-to-ri’nu8 
Vic-tum'vi-JB 
Vi-en'na 
Vil'li-a 
Vil'li-us 
Vim-i-na'lis 
Vin-cen'ti-ug 10 
Vin'ci-us 
Vin-da'li-us 
Vin-del'i-ci 4 
Vin-de-mi-a'tor 
Vin'dex Ju'li-us 
Vin-dic'i-us 10 
Vin-do-nis'sa 
Vi-nic'i-us 10 
Vi-nid'i-us 
Vin'i-us 
Vin'ni-us 
Vip-sa'ni-a 
Vi r' bi-US 
Vir-giFi-us 
Vir'gil (Eng.) 
Vir-gin'i-a 
Vir-gin'i-us 
Vir-i-a'thus 
Vir-i-dom'a-ru3 
Vi-rip'la-ca 
Vir'ro 
Vir'tus 
Vi-seFli-iig 
Vi-seFlus 
Vi-tcFli-a 
Vi-tel'li-us 
Vit^i-a 10 
Vit'ri-cus 
Vi-tru'vi-us 
Vit'u-la 
Vo-co'ni-a 
Vo-co'ni-us 
Vo-con^ti-a 10 
Vog'e-sus 
Vol-a-gin'i-us 
Vo-la'na 
Vo-IanMum 
Vol-a-ter'ra 
Vol'caB, or VoFgae 
Vo-log'e-ses 
Vo-log^e-sus 


XY 

VoFscens 
Vol'sci, or VoFci 
Vol-sin'i-um 
Vol-tin'i-a 
Vo-lum'nae Fa'num 
Vo-lum'ni-a 
Vo-lum'nus 
Vo-lum'ni-us 
Vo-Iup'tas, and 
Vo-lu'pi-a 
Vol-u-se'nus 
Vo-lu-si-a^nus 
Vo-lu'si-us 10 
VoFu-sus 

Vo'lux u. 

Vo-ma^nus 

Vo-no'nes 

Vo-pis^cus 

Vo-ra'nu3 

Vo-ti-e'nus ^ 

Vul-ca-na'li-a 

Vul-ca'ni 

Vul-ca'ni-us 

Vul-oa'nus 

VuVcan (Eng.) 

Vul-ca'ti-us 10 

Vul-si'num 

Vul'so ' 

VuFtu-ra 

Vul-tu-re'i-us 

Vul-tu'ri-us 

Vul-tur'num 

Vul-tur'nus 


X. 

XAN'THE 17 

Xan'thi 

Xan'thi-a 

Xan'thi-ca 

Xan-thip'pe 

Xan-thip'pus 

Xan'tho 

Xan-tho-pu'lus 

XaiFthus 

Xan'ti-cles 

Xan-tip'pe 

Xan-tip'pus 

Xe-nag'o-ras 

Xe-nar'clms > 

Xen'a-res 

Xen'e-tus 

Xe'ne-us 

Xe-ni'a-des 

Xe'ni-us 

Xen-o-cle'a 

Xen'o-cles 

Xen-o-cli^es 

Xe-noc'ra-tes 

Xe-nod'a-mus 

Xe-nod'i-ce 

Xe-nod'o-chus 

Xen-o-do'rus 

Xe-nod'o-tus 

Xe-noph'a-nea 

Xe-noph'i-lu3 

Xen'o-phon 

Xen-o-phon-ti'us 

Xen-o-pi-thi'a 

Xerx'es 17 

Xeu'xes 

Xa'thus 

Xy'chus 

Xyn'i-as 

Xyn-o-ich'i-a 


ZY 

ZAB'A-TUS 19 27 
Zab-di-ce'ne 
Za-bir'na 
Zab'u-lu3 
Za-cyn'thua 
Za-grae'us 
Za'grua 
Zal'a-tea 19 
Za-leu'cu3 
Za'ma, or 
Zag'ma 
Za'me-ig 
Za-mol'xis 
Zan'cle 
Zan'the-nes 
Zan'thi-cles 
Za'rax 
Zar-bi-e'nus 
Zar-i-as^pes 
Za'thes 
Ze-bi'na 
Zo'la, or 
Ze'li-a 
Ze'lo3 
Ze-lot'y-pe 
Ze'lus 
Ze'no 
Ze-no'bi-a 
Zen'o-cles 
Zen-o-cli'des 
Zen-o-do'rus 
Zen-o-do'ti-a 
Ze-nod'o-tus;}: 
Ze-noth'e-mi3 
Ze-nopli'a-nes 
Ze-phyr'i-um 
Zeph'y-rus 
Zeph/y-rum 
Ze-ryn'thus 
Ze'thes, or 
Ze'tU3 
Zeu-gi-ta'na 
Zeug'ma 
Ze'us 

Zeux-id'a-mus 

Zeux'i-das 

Zeu-xip'pe 

Zeu^xis 

Zeu'xo 

Zi-gi^ra 

Zil'i-a, or Ze'lia 

Zi-my^ri 

Zi-ob'e-ris 

Zi-pae'tes 

Zmil'a-ces 16 

Zo'i-lus$ 29 

Zo-ip'pu8 

Zo'na 

Zon%-ras 

Zoph'o-rus 

Zo-pyr'i-o 

Zo-pyr'i-on 

Zop'y-ru3 19 

Zor-o-as'ter 

Zos'i-mus 

Zos7-ne 

Zos-te'ri-a 

Zo-thraus'tes 

Zy-gan'tes 

Zyg'e-na 

Zyg'i-a 

Zy-gom'a-la 

Zy-gop'o-lis 

Zy-gri't 08 


* Venafriim. — Though the accent may be placed either on 
the antepenultimate or the penultimate syllable of this word, 
the latter is by far the preferable, as it is adopted by Lem- 
priere, Labbe, Gouldman, and other good authorities. 

j Verrugo. — I have given this word the penultimate accent 
with Lempriere, in opposition to Ainsworth, who adopts the 
antepenultimate. 

J Zenodotus. — All our prosodists but Lempriere give this 
word the antepenultimate accent j and, till a good reason be 


given why it should differ from Herodotus, I must beg leave to 
follow the majority. 

$ Zoilus. — The two vowels in this word are always sepa- 
rated in the Greek and Latin, but in the English pronunciation 
of it they are frequently blended into a diphthong, as in the 
words oil, boil, &c This, however, is an illiterate pronun- 
ciation, and should be avoided. The word should have three 
syllables, and be pronounced as if written Zo'e-lus, 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


979 


BY inspecting the foregoing Vocabulary, we see that, not- 
wiihstaiuling all the barriers with wiiich the learned have 
guarded the accentuation of tlie dead languages, still some 
words there are which despise their laws, and boldly adopt 
the analogy of English j)ronunciation. It is true, the catalogue 
of these is not very numerous j for, as an error of this kind 
incurs the penalty of being thought illiterate and vulgar, it is 
no wonder that a pedantic adherence to Greek and Latin 
should, in doubtful cases, l)e generally preferred. 

But as the letters of the dead languages have insensibly 
changed their sound by passing into the living ones, so it is 
impossible to preserve the accent from sliding sometimes into 
the analogies of our own tongue j and when once words of this 


kind are fixed in the public ear, it is not only a useless, but a 
pernicious pedantry to disturb them. Who could hear without 
pity of Alexander’s passing the river Oraui'cicsj or of his mar- 
rying the sister of Parys'utis ? These words, and siweral others, 
must be looked upon as planets shot from their original spheres, 
and moving round another centre. 

After all the care, therefore, that has been taken to accent 
words according to the best authorities, some have been found 
so differently marked by different prosodists, as to make it no 
easy matter to know to which we shall give the preference. 
In this case, I have ventured to give my opinion, without pre- 
suming to decide, and merely as an 'Hvujtikov, or Interim^ till 
the learned have pronounced the final sentence. 


PREFACE 

TO THE 

TERMITfATIONAL VOCABULARY. 


TAKING a retrospective view of language, or surveying it 
in its terminations, affords not only a new but an advantage- 
ous view of all languages. The necessity of this view in- 
duced me, several years ago, to arrange the whole English 
language according to its terminations j and this arrangement 
I found of inlinite use to me in consulting the analogies of our 
tongue. A conviction of its utility made me desirous of ar- 
ranging the Greek and Latin proper names in the same manner, 
and more particularly as the pronunciation of these languages 
depends more on the termination of words than any other we 
are acquainted with. Of such utility is this arrangement sup- 
pos»!d to be in the Greek language, that the son of the famous 
Hoogeven, who wrote on the Greek particles, has actually 
printed such a dictionary, which only waits for a preface to 
bo published. The labor of such a selection and arrange- 
ment must have been prodigious •, nor is tlie task I have un- 
dertaken in the present work a slight one ; but the idea of ren- 
dering the classical pronunciation of proper names still more 
easy, encouraged me to persevere in the labor, however dry- 
and fatiguing. 

I flattered myself I had already promoted this end, by di- 
viding the proper names into syllables upon analogical prin- 
ciples ; but hoped I could still add to the facility of recollect- 
ing their pronunciation by the arrangement here adopted ; 
which, in the first place, exhibits the accent and quantity of 
every word by its termination. 

In the next place, it shows the extent of this accentuation, 
by producing, at one view, all the words differently accented, 
by which means may be formed the rule and the exception. 

Thirdly, when the exce[)tions are but few, and less apt to be 
regarded, by seeing them contrasted with the rule, they are 
imprinted more strongly on the memory, and are the more easi- 
ly recollected. Thus, by seeing that Sperchius, Xenophontius, 
and Darius, are the only words of that very numerous termi- 
nation which have the accent on the penultimate, we are at 
perfect ease about all the rest. 

Fourthly, by seeing that all words ending in enes have uni- 
versally the antepenultimate accent, we easily recollect that 
the pronunciation of Euinenes w'ith the accent on the penulti- 
mate is radically wrong, and is only tolerated because adopted 
by some respectable writers. Thus, too, the numerous termi- 
nation in ades is seen to be perfectly antepenultimate ; and the 
ambiguous termination in ides is freed in some measure from 
its intricacy, by seeing the extent of both forms contrasted. 
This contrast, without being obliged to go to Greek etymolo- 
gies, shows at one view when this termination has tlie accent 
on the penultimate i, as in Tydldes, and when it transfers the 


accent to the antepenultimate, as in Thucydides ; which de- 
pends entirely on the quantity of the original word from which 
these patronymics are formed. 

And, lastly, when the number of words pronounced with a 
diflerent accent arc nearly equal, we can at least find some way 
of recollecting their several accentuations better than if they 
were promiscuously mingled with all the rest of the words in the 
language. By frequently repeating tnem as they stand together, 
the ear will gain a habit of placing the accent properly, with- 
out knowing why it does so. In short, if Labbe’s Catkolici 
Indices, which is in the hands of all the learned, be useful for 
readily finding the accent and quantity of proper names, the 
present Index cannot fail to be much more so, as it not only 
associates them by their accent and quantity, but according to 
their termination also ; and hy this additional association it 
must necessarily render any diversity of accent more easily 
perceived and remembered. 

To all whicli advantages it may be added, that this arrange- 
ment has enabled me to point out the true sound of every ter- 
mination ; by which means those who are totally unacquaint- 
ed with the learned languages will find themselves instructed 
in the true pronunciation of the final letters of every word, as 
well as its accent and quantity. 

It need scarcely be observed, that, in the following Index, 
almost all words of two syllables are omitted j for, as dissyl- 
lables in the Greek and Latin languages arc always pronounced 
with the accent on the first, it was needless to insert them. 
The same may be observed of such words as have the vowel in 
the penultimate syllable followed by two consonants ; for, in 
this case, unless the former of these consonants was a mute, 
and the latter a liquid, the penultimate vowel was always long, 
and consequently always had the accent. This analogy takes 
place in our pronunciation of words from the Hebrew ; which, 
with the exception of some few that have been Anglicised, 
such as Bethlekeniite, Js^atarene, &c., have the accent, like 
the Greek and Latin words, either on tlie penultimate or ante- 
penultimate syllable. 

It might have been expected that t sliould have confined, 
mysidf to the insertion of proper names alone, without oring- 
ing ill the gentile adjectives, as they are called, which are de- 
rived from them. This omission would, undoubtedly, have 
saved me immense trouble ; but these adjectives, being some- 
times used as substantives, made it difficult to draw the line ; 
and, as the analogy of accentuation was, in some measure, con- 
nected with these adjectives, I hoped the trouble of collecting 
and arranging them would not be entirely thrown away. 


TERMIIVATIONAL VOCABULARY 


OF 

GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


AA 

jiccent the Antepenultimate. 

ABAA,'*' Nausicaa. 

BA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Ababa, Desudaba, Alaba, Allaba, Aballaba, Cillaba, Adeba, 
Abnoba, Onoba, Ariioba, Ausoba, Hecuba, Gelduba, Cordu- 
ba, Voluba, Rutuba. 

ACA ECA ICAf OCA UCA YCA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Cleonica, Thessalonica, Veronica, Noctiluca, Donuca. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Ithaca, Andriaca, Maiaca, Tabraca, Mazaca, Seneca, 
Cyrenaica, Belgica, Georgica, Cabalica, Italica, Maltilica, 
Bellica, Laconica, Leonica, Marica, Marmarica, Couiinbrica, 
Merobrica, Mirobrica, Cetobrica, Anderica, America, Africa, 
Arborica, Aremorica, Armorica, Norica, Tetrica, Asturica, 
Hlyrica, Nasica, Esica, Corsica, Athatica, Bcetica, Ceretica, 
Anaitica, Celtica, Salmantica, Cyrrhestica, Ustica, Utica, 
Engravica, Oboca, Amadoca, Aesyca, Mutyca. 

DA 

.decent the Penultimate. 

Abdeda, Ilecameda, Diomeda, Amida, Actrida. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Aada, Adada, Symada, Bagrada, Suada, Idubeda, Andro- 
meda, Ceneda, Agneda, Voneda, Candida, Egida, Anderida, 
Florida,! Pisida. 

JE.X 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Dicaea, Nicasa, and all words of this termination. 

EA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Laodicea, Stratonicea, Cymodocea, Medea, Ligea, Argea, 
Amathea, Alpbea, Erythea, Ethalea, Malea, Heraclea, Am- 
phiclea, Theoclea, Agathoclea, Androclea, Euryclea, Penthe- 
silea, Achillea, Asbamea, Alcidamea, Cadmea, Elimea, iEnea, 
Mantinea, Maronea, Chaeronea, iEpea, Barea, Caesarea, Neo- 
caesarea, Cytherca, Ipsea, Hypsea, Galatea, Platea, Myrtea 
(a city). 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Pharnacea, Ardea, Tegea, Althea, Doxithea, Leucothea, 
Alea, Doclea, Dioclea, Elea, Marcellea, Demea, Castanea, 
Aminea, Ficulnea, Albunea, Boea', Clupea or Clypea, Abar- 
barea, Chaerea, Verrea, Laurea, Thyrea, Rosea, Odyssea, 
Etea, Tritea, Myrtea (a name of Venus), Butea, Abazea. 

CEA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Meliboea, Euboea, and all words of this termination. 

* As the accent is never on the last syllable of Greek or 
Latin proper names, the final a must be pronounced as in Eng- 
lish words of tiiis termination ; that is, nearly as the interjec- 
tion ah ! — See Rule 7, prefixed to the Initial Vocabulary. 

f Of all the words ending in ic<i, Cleonica^ Veronica^ and 
Thessalonica^ are the only three which liave the penultimate 
accent. — See Rule the 29th, prefixed to the Initial Vocabulary, 
and the words Anduoxicus and Sophroxicus. 

I Labbe tells us that some of the most learned men pro- 
nounce this part of America with the accent on the penulti- 
mate syllable* 

$ The vowels in this termination do not form a diphthong. 
The accent is upon tlie first a, the i is pronounced like y con- 
sonant in year, and the final a nearly like the a in father, or 
the interjection ah I — See Rule 7. 

II Words of this termination Iiave the cia pronounced as if 
written she-a. — See Rule 10, prefixed to the Initial Vocabu- 
lary. 

^ See Rule 30, and the word in the Initial Vocabulary. 

** See Iphigexia, in the Initial Vocabulary. 


GA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abaga, Bibaga, Ampsaga, Aganzaga, Noega, Arabriga, 
Aobriga, Segobriga, Coeliobriga, Flaviobriga. 

HA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Malacha, Pyrrhica, Adatha, Agatha, Badenatha, Abara- 
tha, Monumetha. 

AIA 

V ' 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Achaia,$ Panchaia, Aglaia, Maia. 

BIA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Arabia, Trebia, Contrebia, Albia, Balbia, Olbia, Corym- 
bia, Zenobia, Cornubia. 

CIAll 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Nicacia, Dacia, Salacia, Wormacia, Thaumacia, Connacia, 
Ambracia, Thracia, Samothracia, Artacia, Accia, Gallacia, 
Grsecia, Voadicia, Vindelicia, Cilicia, Libyphoenicia, Aricia, 
Chalcia, Francia, Provincia, Cappadocia, Porcia, Muscia, 
Ascia, Iscia, Thuscia, Boruscia, Seleucia,1T Tucia, Lycia. 

DIA 

Accent the Pemiltimate. 

Iphimedia,** Laomedia, Protomedia. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Badia, Arcadia, Leucadia, Media, Iphimedia, Nicomedia, 
Polymedia, Eporedia, Corsedia, Suedia, Fordicidia, Numidia, 
Canidia, Japidia, Pisidia, Gallovidia, Scandia, India, Burgun- 
dia, Ebodia, Clodia, Alrodia, Longobardia, Cardia, Verticor- 
dia, Concordia, Discordia, Herephordia, Claudia, Lydia. 

EIA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Elegeia,tt Hygeia, Antheia, Cartheia, Aquileia, Pompeia, 
Deiopeia, Tarpeia, Carteia. 

GIA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Sphagla, Lagia, Athanagia, Norvigia, Cantabrigia, Ortigla, 
Langia, Eningia, Finningia, Lotharingia, Turingia, Sergia, 
Orgia, Pelasgia, Fugia, Rugia, Ogygia, Jopygia, Phrygia, 


Accent the Penultimate. 

Sophia, Anthia, Erythia, Xenopithia. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Valachia, Lysimachia, Centauromachia, Inachia, Xynsi- 


tt The ancients sometimes separated the vowels ei in this 
termination, and sometimes pronounced them as a diphthong. 
The general mode of pronouncing them, with us, is to consider 
them as a diphthong, and to pronounce it as long or double e; 
which, from its squeezed sound, approaches to the initial y, 
and makes these words pronounced as if written El-e-je’yah, 
Hy-js^jah, <fcc. This is the pronunciation which ought to be 
adopted ; but scholars, who are fond of displaying their 
knowledge of Greek, will be sure to pronounce Elegeia, Hyge- 
ia, or rather Ilygieia, Antheia, and Deiopeia, with the diph- 
thong like the noun eye, while Cartheia, or Carteia, Aquileia, 
Pompeia, and Tarpeia, of Latin original, are permitted to 
have their diphtlrongs sounded like double e, or, which is near- 
ly the same thing, if the vowels are separated, to sound the c 
long as in equal, and the i as y consonant, articulating the 
final a. — See note on Achaia. 

For a more complete idea of the sound of this diphthong, 
see the word Pleiades, in the Initial Vocabulary. To 
which observations we may add, that, when this diphthong 
in Greek is reduced to the single Ions; i in Ijatin, as in 
Iphigenia, Elegia, &c. it is pronounced Tike single i, that is, 
like the noun eye. 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


981 


chia, Antiochia, Amphilochia, Munychia, Philadelphia, Apos- 
rophia, Scarphia, Acryphia, Emathia, .^mathia, Alethia, 
Hyacinthia, Carintliia, Tyrinthia, Cynthia, Tyrynthia, Par- 
thia, Scythia, Pythia. 

LIA 

Accent the Penultimate, 

Thalia, Aristoclia, Basilia. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

CEbalia, Fornicalia, Lupercalia, Acidalia, Vandalia, Po- 
dalia, Mcgalia, llobigalia, Fugalia, CEchalia, Westphalia, 
Aithalia, Alalia, Vulcanalia, Paganalia, Bacchanalia, Ter- 
minalia, Fontinalia, Vertuninalia, Portuninalia, Agonalia, 
Angeronalia, Saturnalia, Faunalia, Portunalia, Opalia, Lib- 
eralia, Feralia, Floralia, Lemuralia, Salia, Pharsalia, 
Thessalia, Altalia, Italia, Compitalia, Carmontalia, Lauren- 
talia, Castalia, Attalia, Psytaha, Mamblia, A51ia, Ccelia, Be- 
lla, Celia, Decelia, Agelia, Helia, Cornelia, Cloclia, Aspella, 
Cerelia, Aurelia, Velia, Anglia, Caecilia, Sicilia, A^gilia, 
Cingilia, Palilia, iEmilia, iEnilia, Venilia, Parilia, Basilia, 
Absilia, Hersilia, Massilia, Atilia, Anatilia,*Petilia, Antilia, 
.(iuintilia, Hostilia, Cutilia, Aquilia, Servilia. Elaphobulia, 
Ascolia, Padolia, Alolia, Folia, Natolia, Anatolia, ^Etolia, 
Nauplia, Daulia, Figulia, Julia, Apulia, Gsetulia, Gclulia, 
Triphyiia, Pamphylia. 

MIA 


Accent the Penultimate. 

Dcidamia,* Laodamia, Ilippodamia, Astydamia, Apamia, 
Hydrainia. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Lamia, Mesopotamia, Cadmia, Academia, Archidemia, 
Eudemia, Isthmia, Holmia, Posthumia. 


NIA 


Accent the Penultimate. 

Amphigenia, Iphigenia,f Tritogenia, Lasthenia. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Albania, Sicania, Hyrcania, Arcania, L.ucania, Dania, Co- 
dania, Dardania, Epiphania, Alania, Mania, Carmania, Ger- 
mania, Normania, Cinnania, Acarnania, Campania, Ilispania, 
Pomerania, Afrania, Urania, Bassania, Actania, Edetania, 
Laletania, Occitania, Ossigitania, Mauritania, Lusitania, 
Titania, ^xitania, Alentania, Contestania, Mevania, Lith- 
uania, Transilvania, Azania, -<Enia, Acttenia, Aberdenia, 
Ischenia, Tyrrhenia, Parthenia, Diogenia, Monia, Achaeme- 
nia, Armenia, Nenia, Narnia, Poenia, Cebrenia, l^nia, Ar- 
nagnia, Signia, Albinia, Lacinia, Dinia, Sardinia, Fulginia, 
Virginia, Bechinia, Machlinia, Ciminia, Eleusinia, Tinia, 
Lavinia, Mervinia, Lamnia, Lycemnia, Polyhymnia, Alo- 
mannia, Britannia, Fescennia, Aonia, Lycaonia, Chaonia, 
Catalonia, Laconia, Glasconia, Adonia, Macedonia, Marce- 
donia, Caledonia, Mygdonia, Aidonia, Asidonia, Posidonia, 
Abbendonia, Herdonia, Laudonia, Cydonia, Maeonia, Preonia, 
Pelagonia, Paphlagonia, Aragonia, Antigonia, Sithonia, 
Ionia, Agrionia, Avalonia, Aquilonia, Apollonia, Colonia, 
Polonia, Populonia, Vetulonia, Babylonia, Acmonia, iEmo- 
nia, Haemonia, Tremonia, Ammonia, Harmonia, Codanonia, 
Sinonia, Pannonia, Bononia, Lamponia, Pomponia, Cronia, 
Feronia, Sophronia, Petronia, Antronia, Duronia, Turonia, 
Caesonia, Ausonia, Latonia, Tritonia, Boltonia, Ultonia, 
Hantonia, Vintonia, Wintonia, Bistonia, Plutonia, Favonia, 
Sclavonia, Livonia, Arvonia, Saxonia, Exonia, Sicyonia, 
Narnia, Sarnia, Dorebernia, Hibernia, Cliternia, Lindisfor- 
nia, Vigornia, Wigornia, Liburnia, Calphurnia, Saturnia, 
Pornia, Daunia, Ceraunia, Acroceraunia, Junia, Clunia, Nep- 
tunia, Ercynia, Bilhynia, Macrynia. 

OIA 

Accent the Antepenultimate , 

Latbia. 


PIA 


Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Apia, Salapia, Manapia, Messapia, Asclipia, Lampia, 
Olympia, Ellopia, Dolopia, CEnopia, Cecropia, Mopsopia, 
Appia, Lappia, Oppia, Luppia, Antuerpia. 

RIA 


Accent the Penultimate. 

Daria. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Aria, Baria, Fabaria, Columbaria, Barbaria, Caria, Fica- 
ria, Calcaria, Sagaria, Megaria, Hungaria, Pharia, Salaria, 
Hilaria, Allaria, Mallaria, Sigillaria, Anguillaria, Samaria, j 
Palmaria, Planaria, Enaria, 5laenaria, Gallinaria, Asinaria, 
Carbonaria, Chaunaria, Colubraria, Agraria, Diocaesaria, 


Pandataria, Cotaria, Nivaria, Antiquaria, Cervaria, Petua- 
ria, Argentuaria, Calabria, Cantabria, Cambria, Sicambria, 
Fimbria, Mesembria, Umbria, Cumbria, Selymbria, Abobria, 
Amagetobria, Trinacria, Teucria, Molycria, Adria, Hadria, 
Geldria, Andria, Scamandria, Anandria, Cassandria, Alexan- 
dria, iEria, Egeria, Aeria, Faberia, Iberia, Celtiberia, Luce- 
ria, Nuceria, Egeria, Aitheria, Elutheria, Pieria, Aleria, 
Valeria, Ameria, Numeria, Neria, Casperia, Cesperia, Hes- 
peria, Hyperia, Seria, Fabrateria, Compulteria, Asteria, An- 
thestcria, Faveria, Lhcpgria, Iria, Liria, Equiria, Oschotbria, 
Daphnephoria, Themophoria, Anthesphoria, Chilmoria, West- 
moria, Eupatoria, Anactoria, Victoria, Prsetoria, Arria, A- 
tria, Eretria, leltria, Conventria, Bodotria,QDnotria, Cestria, 
Cicestria, Circestria, Thalestria, Istria, Austria, Industria, 
Tublustria, Uria, Calauria, Isauria, Curia, Duria, Manduria, 
P’uria, Liguria, Kemuria, Etruria, Hetruria, Turia, Apatu- 
ria, Bmturia, Bcturia, Asturia, Syria, Ccelesyria, Ccclosyria, 
Leucosyria, Assyria. 

SIA^ 

Accent the Antepenultimafe. 

Asia, Chadasia, Lasia, Seplasia, Amasia, Aspasia, Thera- 
sia, Agirasia, Austrasia, Anastasia, Arbsia, A2sia, Csesia, 
Masia, ^desia, Ariemesia, Magnesia, Mmsia, iderpesia, 
Ocresia, Euphratesia, Artesia, Suesia, Bisia, Calisia, Provi- 
sia, Hortensia, Chenpbosia, Leucosia, Pandosia, Theodosia, 
Arachosia, Orthosia, Ilosia, Thesprosia, Sosia, Lipsia, Nupsia, 
Persia, Nursia, Tolassia, Cephissia, Russia, Blandusia, Clu- 
sia, Ampelusia, Anthemusia, Acherusia. Perusia, Bysia, Sicy- 
sia, Mysia, Dionysia. 

TIA 

A(fcent th6 Antepenultimate. 

Sabatia, Ambatia, Latia, Calatia, Galatia, Collatia, Dalma- 
tia, Sarmatia, Egnatia, Aratia, Alsatia, Actia, Caetia, Rhsc- 
tia, AnoBtia, Vicetia, Peucetia, Pometia, Anetia, Clampetia, 
Lucretia, Cyretia, Setia, Lutetia, Helvetia, Uzetia, Phiditia, 
Angitia, Androlitia, Sulpitia, Naritia, Delgovitia, Bahia, 
Bantia, Brigantia, Murgantia, Almantia, Numantia, Aperan- 
tia, Constantia, Placentia, Picentia, Lucenlia, Fidentia, Di- 
gentia, Morgentia, Valentia, Pollehtia, Polentia, Tercntia, 
Florentia, Laurentia, Consentia, Potentia, Faventia, Conliu- 
entia, Liquentia, Druentia, Quintia, Pontia, Achcrontia, 
Alisontia, Moguntia, Scotia, Boeotia, Scaptia, Martia, Tertia, 
Sebastia, Bubastia, Adrastia, Bestia, Modestia, ^geslia, 
Orcstia, Charistia, Ostia, Brattia, Acutia, Minutia, Cossutia, 
Tutia, Clytia, Narytia. 

VIA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Candavia, Blavia, Flavia, Menavia, Scandinavia, Aspavia, 
Moravia, Warsavia, Octavia, Juvavia, ABvia, Cendevia, Me- 
nevia, Suevia, Livia, Trivia, Urbesalvia, Sylvia, Moscovia, 
Segovia, Gergovia, Nassovia, Cluvia. 

XIA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Brixia, Cinxia. 

VIA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Ilithyia,|( Orithyia. 

ZIA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Sabazia, Alyzia. 

ALA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Ahala, Messala. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abala, Gabala, Castabala, Onobala, Triocala, Crocala, 
Abdala, Dsedala, Bucephala, Abliala, Mesnala, Astyphala, 
Avala. 

CLA 

Accent either the Penultimate or Antepenultimate Syllable. 

Amicla. 

ELA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Arbela (in Persia), Acela, Adela, Suadela, P.Iundela, Philo- 
mela, Amstela. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Arbela (in Sicily). 

OLA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Publicola, Anionicola, Junonicola, Ncptunicola, Agricolc, 
Baticola, Leucola, ^ola, Abrostola, Scajvola. 


* See Rule 30. 

t See this word in the Initial Vocabulary. 

J For the accent of this word and Alexandria, Sec Rule SO, 
prefixed to the Initial Vocabulary. 

$ The s, in this termination, when preceded by a voAvel, 


ought always to be sounded like lA, as if -wxMten Am azhia , 
Aspazhia, &c. Asia, Theodosia, and Sosia, seem to be tho 
only exceptions. 

II The vowels ia in these words must bo pronounced dis- 
tinctly in two syllables, as if written Il-ith~e-i>ah, 0-rith-e- 
i'ah ; the penultimate syllable pronounced as the noun eys. 


982 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


ULA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abula, Trcbula, Albula, Carbula, Callicula, Saticula, Adu- 
la, Acidula, iEgula, Caligula, Aitigula, Longula, Ortopula, 
JMerula, Casperula, Asula, A^siila, Fcesula, Sceptesula, Scep- 
tensula, Insula, Vitula, Vistula. 

YLA 

Accent the Penultimate. _ 

Idyla, Massyla. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abyla. 

AMA EMA IMA OMA UMA YMA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Cynossema, Aroma, Narracustoma. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Pandama, Abderama, Asama, IJxama, Acema, Obrima, Per- 
rima. Certima, Boreostoma, Documa, I)idyma, Hierosolyma, 
.rEsyma. 

ANA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Albana, Pandana, Trajana, Marciaua, Diana, Sogdiana, 
Drangiana, Margiana, Aponiana, Pomponiana, Trojana, Co- 
piana, Mariana, Drusiana, Susiana, Statiana, Glottiana, Via- 
na, Alana, Crococatana, Eblana, Allana, Amboglana, Vindo- 
lana, Q-uerculana, Q,uerquetulana, Amana, Almana, Comana, 
Mumana, Barpana, Clarana, Adrana, Messana, Catana, Ac- 
citana, Asligitana, Zeugitana, Meduana, Malvana, Cluana, 
Novana, Equana. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abana, Fricana, Concana, Adana, Cispadana, Sagana, 
Achana, Leuphana, Hygiana, Drepana, Barpana, Ecbatana, 
Catana, Sequana, Cyana, Tyana. 

ENA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Eabona, Characena, Medona, Fidena, Aufidena, Agecna, 
Comagena, Dolomena, Capena, Caesena, Messona, Arteua. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

PlicDbigena, Graphigena, Aciligena, Ignigona, Junonigena, 
Opigena, Nysigena, Bcetigona, Trqjugena, .^Egosthena, Alena, 
Helena, Pellena, Porsena, Atena, Polyxena, Theoxena. 

INA* 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Arabina, Acina, Cloacina, Tarrarina, Cluacina, Coecina, 
Eicina, Runcina, Cercina, Lucina, Erycina, Acradina, Ach- 
radina, ^Egina, Bachina, Acantliina, Messalina, Catalina, 
Fascolina, Mechlina, Tellina, Callina, Medullina, Cleobulina, 
Tutulina, Caenina, Cenina, Antonina, Heroina, Apina, Cisal- 
pina, Transalpina, Agrippina, Abarina, Carina, Larina, Ca- 
marina, Sabrina, Phalacrina, Acerina, Lerina, Camerina, Te- 
rina, Jampborina, Caprina, Myrina, Casina, Felsina, Abusina, 
Elusina, Atina, Catina, JMetina, Libitina, Maritina, Libenti- 
iia, Adrumentina, Ferentina, Aventina, Aruntina, Potina, 
Palaestina, Mutina, Flavina, Levina. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Acina, Fascellina, Proserpina, Asina, Sarsina. 

ONA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Abona, Uxacona, Libisocona, Usocona, Saucona, Dodona, 
Scardona, Adeona, Aufona, Salona, Bellona, Duellona, A?lmo- 
na, Cremona, Artemona, Salmona, Homona, Pomona, Flano- 
na, .^nona, Hippona, Narona, Aserona, Arigerona, Verona, 
Matrona, -Esona, Latona, Antona, Dertona, Ortona, Cortona, 
Alvona, Axona. 


Ituna. 

Aloa. 

Anchoa. 


UNA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 
OA 

Accent the Penultimate. 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 


IPA OPA UPA 

♦ 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Argyripa, Europa, Catadupa. 

ARA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Abdara. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abara, Acara, Imacara, Accara, Cadara, Gadara, Abdara, 
^legara, Machara, Imachara, Phalara, Cinara, Cynara, Lipa- 
ra, Lupara, Isara, Patara, Mazara. 

* Every word of this termination, with the accent on the 
penultimate syllable, has the i pronounced as the noun eye . — 
See Rules 1, 3, and 4, prefixed to the Initial Vocabulary. 


CRA DRA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Lepteacra, Charadra, Clepsydra. 

ERA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Abdera, Andera, Cythera (the island Cerigo, near Crete) 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Libera, Glycera, Acudera, Jadera, Abdera, Andera, AUphe- 
ra, Cytherae (the city of Cyprus), Hiera, Cremera, Cassera. 

GRA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Tanagra, Beregra. 

HRA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Libethra. 

IRA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Daira, Thelaira, Stagira, -Egira, Deianira, Metanira, Thy- 
atira. 

Cybira. 


Accent the Auievenultimate. 


ORA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Pandora, Aberdora, Aurora, Vendesora, Windesora, 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Ebora. 

TRA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Cleopatra. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Excptra, Leucopetra, Triquetra. 

URA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Cabura, Ebura, iEbura, Balbura, Subura, Pandura, Baniura, 
Asura, Lesura, Isura, Cynosura, Lactura, Astura. 

YRA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Ancyra, Cercyra, Corey ra, Lagyra, Palmyra,! Cosyra, Ten- 
tyra. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Laphyra, Glaphyra, Philyra, Cebyra, Anticyra. 

ASA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abasa, Banasa, Dianasa, Harpasa. 

ESA ISA OSA 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Ortogesa, Alesa, Halesa, Namesa, Alpesa, Berresa, Men- 
tesa, Amphisa, Elisa, Tolosa, Alrosa, Derlosa, Cortuosa. 

USA YSA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Pharmacusa, Pithecusa, Nartecusa, Phcenicusa, Celadusa, 
Padusa, Lopadnsa, Medusa, Eleusa, Creusa, Lagusa, Elaphu- 
sa, Agatbusa, Marathusa, Althusa, Pheethusa, Arethusa, 
Ophiusa, Elusa, Cordilusa, Drymnsa, Eranusa, Ichnusa, Col- 
pusa, Aprusa, Cissusa, Scotusa, Dryusa, Donysa. 

ATA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Braccata, Adadata, Rhadata, Tifata, Tiphata, Crotonio- 
nata, Alata, Amata, Acmata, Comata, Sarmata, Napata, Dem- 
arata, Q-uadrata, Grata, Samosata, Armosata, Congavata, 
Artaxata. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Chaerestrata. 

ETA ITA OTA UTA 
Accent the Penultimate. 

ZEta, Caieta, Moneta, Demareta, Myrteta, Herbita,' Areopa- 
gita, JVlelita, Abderita, Artemita, Stagirita, Uzita, Phthiota, 
Epirota, Contributa, Cicuta, Aluta, Matuta. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Damocrita, Emerita. 

AVA EVA IVA 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Clepidava, Abragava, Calleva, Geneva, Areva, Atteva, Lu- 
teva, Galliva. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Batava. 

UA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Accua, Addua, Hedua, Heggua, Armua, Capua, Februa^ 
Achrua, Palatua, Flatua, Mantua, Agamzua. 

f Palmyra. — See this word in the Initial Vocabulary. 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


983 


YA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Libya, Zcrolibya, iEthya, Carya, Marsya. 

AZA EZA OZA 

Accent the Penultimate, 

Abaraza, Mieza, Baragoza. 

AE 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Nausicae, Pasiphae. 

BJB CJE 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Marie®. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Colub®, Vaginiacffi, Carmoc®, Oxydrac®, Gallic®, Hieroni- 
c», Coric®, Antic®, Odryc®. 

AD^E 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

.Eneadffi, Bacchiad®, Scipiad®, Battiad®, Thestiad®.. 

ID^ UDiE 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Proclid®, Basilid®, Orestid®, .Ebud®, Ebud®. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Labdacid®, Selucid®, Adrymachid®, Branchid®, Pyrrhid®, 
Basilid®, Romulid®, Numid®, Dardanid®, Borysthenid®, 
Ausonid®, Cecropid®, Gangarid®, Marmarid®, Tyndarid®, 
Druid®. 

EE EE FE GE HE 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Ach®®, Plat®®, Nap®®, Allif®. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Diomede®, Cyane®, Cenchre®, Capre®, Plate®, Callif®, 
Latobrig®, Lapith®. 

lE^ 


Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Bai®, Grai®, Stabi®, Cilici®, Cerci®, Besidi®, Rudi®, 
Taphi®, Versali®, Ficeli®, Encheli®, Clmli®, Cutili®, Esqui- 
li®, Exquili®, Formi®, Volcani®, Arani®, Armeni®, Britanni®, 
Boconi®, Cholidoni®, Pioni®, Gernoui®, Xyni®, Ellopi®, Her- 
ri®, Caspi®, Cuniculari®, Canari®, Purpurari®, Chabri®, 
Feri®, Labor!®, Empori®, Caucasi®, Vespasi®, Corasi®, Pra- 
si®, Ithacesi®, Gyinnesi®, Etesi®, Grati®, Veneti®, Pigunti®, 
Selinunti®, Sesti®, Cotti®, Landavi®, Ilarpyi®. 


LE ME 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Pial®, Agagamal®, Apsil®, Apenninicol®, Equicol®, Apio- 
1®, Epipol®, Bolbul®, Ancul®, Fulfol®, Fesul®, Carsul®, Lat- 
ul®, Tberniopyl®, Acrocom®, Achom®, Solym®. 

Ai\E ENE 
Accent the Penultimate. 

African®, Clodian®, Valentinian®, Marian®, Valentian®, 
Sextian®, Cuman®, Adiaben®, Mycen®, Fregen®, Sophen®, 
Athen®, Herinathen®,Mitylon®, Achmen®, Acesemen®, Clas- 
lomen®, Camoen®, Conven®. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Faunigen®, Ophiogen®, Apenninigen®. 

INE ONE UNE ZOE 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Salin®, Calamin®, Agrippin®, Carin®, Taurin®, Philistin®, 
Cleon®, Vennon®, Oon®, Vacun®, Androgun®, Abzo®. 

IPE UPE 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Centurip®, Rutup®. 

ARE ERE UBRE YTHRE ORE ATRE ITRE 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Adiabar®, Andar®, Ulubr®, Budor®, Alaohor®, Coatr®, 
Velitr®. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Eleuther®, Bliter®, Erythr®, Pylagor®. 

ASE ESE USE 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Syracus®, Pithecus®, Pityus®. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Pagas®, Aces®. 

ATE ETE 
Accent the Penultimate. 

M®at®, Abrincat®, Lubeat®, Docleat®, Phencat®, Acapea- 
t®, Magat®, Olciniat®, Galat®, Arelat®, Ilylat®, Arnat®, 
laxaraat®, Dalmat®, Sauromat®, Exomat®, Abrinat®, Fortu- 
nat®, Crotoniat®, Asampat®, Cybirat®, Vasat®, Circet®, 
Esymnet®, Agapet®, Aret®, Diaparct®. 


Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Thyroaget®, Massaget®, Aphet®, Dcnselet®, Ccelet®, Dem- 
et®. 

ITE OTE UTE YTE 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Ascitap, Abradit®, Achit®, Aboniteichit®, Accabacotichit®, 
Arsagalit®, Avalit®, Phaselit®, Brullit®, Ilierapolit®, Anto- 
niopolit®, Adrianapolit®, Metropolit®, Dionysopolit®, Adu- 
lit®, Elamit®, Bomit®, Tomit®, Scenit®, Pionit®, Agravoni- 
t®, Agonit®, Sybarit®, Dark®, Opharit®, Dassarit®, Nigrit®, 
Orit®, Alorit®, Tentyrit®, Galeot®, Limniot®, Estiot®, Am- 
preut®, Alut®, Troglodyt®, or Troglod'yt®. 


IVE OVE UE YEf 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Durcabriv®, Elgov®, Durobrov®. 

4 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Mortu®, Halicy®, Phlegy®, Bithy®, Ornilliy®, Mily®, 
Miny®. 

OBE 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Deiphobe, Niobe. 


ACE ECE ICE OCE YCE 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Phamice, Berenice, Aglaonice, Stratonice. — See Rule 30. 


Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Candace, Phylace, Canace, Mirace, Artace, Allebece, Alop- 
ece, Laodice, Agnodice, Eurydice, Pyrrhice, Helice, Gallice, 
mice, Dcmodice, Sarmatice, Erectice, Getice, Cymodoce, 
Agoce, Harpalyce, Eryce. 

EDE 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Agamede, Perimede, Alcimedo. 

EE 


E®e. 


Accent the Penultimate. 
NEE AGE 


Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Cyanee, Lalage. 

ACHE ICHE YCHE 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Ischomaclie, Andromache, Canache, Doliche, Eutyche. 

PHE THE 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Anaphe, Psamathe. 

IE 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Gargaphie,! Uranie, Meminic, Asterie, Hyrie, Parrhasio, 
Clytie. 

ALE ELE ILE OLE ULE YLE 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Neobule, Eubule, Cherdule, Eriphyle. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Acale, Hecale, Mycale, iMegale, Omphale, Ethale, Noven- 
diale, Egiale, Anchiale, Ambarvale, Myrtale, Hyale, Euryale, 
Cybele, Nephele, Alele, Semele, Perimele, Pmcile, Affile, 
CEmphile, lole, Omole, Homole, Pliidyle, Strongylc, Chtho- 
nophyle, Deipyle, Euiypile. 

AME IME OME YME 

Accefnt the Antepenultimate. 

Apame, Tnarime, Ithome, Amymome, CEnome, Ampliinome, 
Laonome, Hylonome, Eurynome, Didymo. 


ANE / 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Mandane, Eane, Anthane, Achriane, Anane,Drepane, Acra- 
batane, Eutane, Roxane. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Taprobane, Cyane, Pitane. 

ENE 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Acabene, Bubacene, Damascene, Chalcidene, Cisthene, 
Alcisthene, Parthiene, Priene, Poroselene, Pallene, Tellene, 
Cyllene, Pylene, Mitylene, .^mene, Laonomene, Ismene, 
Dindymene, Osrhoene, Troiine, Arene, Autocrene, Hippocrene, 
Pirene, Cyrene, Pyrene, Capissene, Atropatene, Corduene, 
Syene. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Helene, Depamene, Dynamene, Nyctimene, Idomene, Mel- 
pomene, Anadyomene, Armene. 


* See Rule 4 of the Initial Vocabulary. 
t The termination of yce^ with the accent on the preceding 
syllable, must be pronounced as two similar letters ; that is, 
as if spelt Ilalic-e-e, JUin-e-e, See. — See Rule 4 of the Initial 
Vocabulary. 


I The i in the penultimate syllables of these words, not hav- 
ing the accent, must I>e pronounced like e. This occasions a 
disagreeable hiatus between this and the last syllable, and a 
repetition of the same sound *, but at the same time is strictly 
according to rule. — See Rule 4 of the Initial Vocabulary. 


r 


934 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAIVIES. 


INE 

Accent the PenuUiviate. 

Sabine, Carcine, Trachino, Alcanthine, Neptunine, Larino, 
Neriue, Irine, liarsiiie, Bol!>etine. 

. . Accent the Antepenultimate, 

Asine. 

ONE YNE 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Metlione, Itlione, Dione, Porphyrione, Acrisione, Alone, 
Halone, Corone, Torone, TJiyoiie, Byzone, Dclpiiyne. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Mycone, Erigone, Persoplione, Tisiphone, Deione, Pleione, 
Chione, Ilione, Hermione, Kvrione, Conmioue, IVlneniosyne, 
Sophrosyne, Euphrosyne. 


OE (in two syllables) 

Accent the Anlepemiltimate. 

Ainphirhoe, Alcathoe, AJcithoe, Amphithoe, Nausithoe, Lao- 
thoe, Lencothoe, Cymotliue, Hij)pothoe, Alyxothoe, Myrioe, 
Pholoe, Soloe, Sinoe, ^Enoe, Arsinoe, Lysinoe, Antinoe, Leu- 
conoe, Tlieonoe, Pliilonoo, Pliajmonoe, Autonoe, Polynoe, 
Ocyroe, Beioe, Meroe, Peroo, Abzoe. 

APE OPE 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

lotape, Rhodope, Chalcioi)c, Candiope, iEtliiope, Calliope, 
Liriop8,Cassiope, Alope, Agalope, Penelope, Parthenope, Sin- 
ope, A3rope, Merope, Dryope, 

ARE IRE ORE YRE 

_ . Accent the Penultimate. 

Lymire. 


Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Becare, Tamare, ^Enare, Terpsichore, Zephyre, Apyre. 

ESE 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Melese, Tenese. 

ATE ETE ITE OTE YTE TYE 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Ate, Reate, Teate, Arelate, Admete, Arete, Aphrodite, Am- 
phitrite, Atabyriie, Percote, Pactye. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Hecate, Condate, Automate, Taygete, Nepete, Anaxarete, 
Hippolyte. 

AVE EVE 

Accent the Penultimate. 


Agave. 


Nineve, 

Acholai. 

Danai. 


Accent the Antepenultimate. 

LAI* NAI (in two syllables) 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

BI 


Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Acibi, Abnobi, Attubi. 

ACI 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Segontiaci, Mattiaci, Amaci, iEnaci, Bettovaci. 

ACI Id OCT UCl 
Accent the Penultimt^e. 

Rauraci, Albici, Labici, Acodici, Palici, Marici, Medoma- 
trici, Raurici, Arevici, Triboci, Arnci. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Callaici, Vendelici, Academici, Arecoinici, Hernici, Cynici, 
Stoici, Opici, Nassici, Aduatici, Atnatici, Peripatetic!, Cetti- 
ci, Avantici, Xystici, Lavici, Triboci, Amadoci, Bibroci. 


ODI YDI 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Borgodi, Abydi. 

-El 

Accent the Pemdtimatc. 

Sabasi, Vacca;!, and so of all words which have a diphthong 
in the penultimate syllable. 

^ El (in two syllables) 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Lapidei, Candci, Agandei, Amathei, Elei, Canthlei, Euga- 
nei, CEnei, Mandarei. Hyperborei, Carastasei, Pratei. 


GI 

Accent the Antepenultimate 

Acridophagi, Agriophr.gijCludanophagi, Andropophagi, An- 
thropopliagi, Lotophagi, Strutophagi, Ichthyophagi, Decem- 
pagi, Novempogi, Artigi, Alostigi. 

CHI THI . : ,:r- 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Heniochi, jEnochi, Henochi, Ostrogothi. 

Ilf 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abii, Gabii, and all words of this termination. 

ALT ELI I LI OLI ULI YLI 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abali, Vandali, Acephali, Cynocephali, Macrocephali, At- 
tali, Alontegeceli, Garoetdi, Monosceli, Igilgili, ^quicoli, Car- 
seoli, Putooli, Corioli, Ozoli, Atal)uli, Greeculi, Pediculi, Sicu- 
li, Puticuli, Anculi, Barduli, Varduli, Turduli, Foruli, Gsctuli, 
Bastuli, Rutuli, Massesyli, Dactyli. 


AMI EMI 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Apisarai, Charidemi. 

OMI UMI 

Accent the Antepenultimate 

Cephalotomi, Astomi, Medioxumi. 

ANI 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Albani, Cerbani, ^Ecani, Sicani, Tusicani, &c., and all 
words of this termination, except Choani and Sequani, or such 
as are derived from words terminating in anrts, with the pe- 
nultimate short j which see. 

ENI 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Agabeni, Adiabeni, Sarceni, Iceni, Laodiceni, Cyziceni, 
Uceni, Chaldoni, Aoydeni, Comageni, Igeni, Ouingeni, Ce- 
pheni, Tyrrheni, Rutheni, Labieni, Allicni, Cileni, Cicimeni, 
Alapeni, Hypopeni, Tibareni, Agareni, Rufreni, Caraseni, Vol- 
seni, Bateni, Cordueni. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Origeni, Apartheni, Antixeni. 

INI| 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Gabini, Sabini, Dulgibini, Basterbini, Peucini, Marrucini, 
Lactucini, Otadini, Bidini, tJdini, Caudini, Budini, Rhegini, 
Triocalini, Trium])ilini, Magollini, Entellini, Canini, Mena- 
nini, Anagnini, Amiternini, Saturr.ini, Centnripini, Parnpini, 
Irpini, Hirpini, Tibarini, Carini, Cetarini, Citarini, Illiberini, 
Acherini, Elorinr, Assorini, Feltrini, Sutrini, Eburini, Tiguri- 
ni, Cacyrini. Agyrini, Halesini, Otesini, Mosini, Abissini, Mos- 
sini, Clusini, Arnsini, Reatini, Latini, Calatini, Coliatini, Ca- 
lactini, Ectini, ^getini, Ergetini, Jetini, Aletini, Spoletini, 
Netini, Neretini, Setini, Bantini, Murgantini, Pallantini, 
Amantini, Numantini, Fidentini, Salenrini, Colentini, Ca- 
rentini, Verentini, Florentini, Consentini, Potentini, Faventini, 
Leontini, Acherontini. Saguntini, Haluntini, ^gyptini, Mam- 
ertini, Tricastini, Vestini, Faustini, Abrettini, Enguini, In- 
guini, Lanuvini. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Lactucini, Gemini, Mcrnini, Morini,^ Torrini. 

ONI UNI YNI 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Edoni, Aloni, Nemaloni, Geloni, Aqueloni, Abroni, Gordu- 
ni, Mariandyni, Magyni, Mogyni. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Epigoni, Theutoni. 


Catadupi. 


UPI 

Accent the Penultimate. 


ARI ERI IRI ORI URl YRI 


Accent the Penultimate. 

Babari, Chomari, Agactari, Iberi, Celtiberi, Uoberi, Algeri, 
Palemeri, Monomeri, Hermanduri, Dioscuri, Banceri, Pa^uri, 
Agacturi, Zimyri. 


Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Ahari, Tochari, Acestari, Cavari, Calabri, Cr'^tabri, Digo- 
ri, Drugeri, Eleutheri, Crustumeri, Teneteri, Biuoteri, Suel- 
teri, Treveri, Veragri, Treviri, Ephori, Pastophori. • 


* For the final i in these words, see Rule tlie 4th of the Ini- 
tial Vocabulary. 

I See Rules 3 and 4 of the Initial Vocabulary. 

J When the accent is on the penultimate syllable, the i in 
the two last syllables is pronounced exactly like the noun eye ; 
but, when the accent is on the autepenultimate, the first i is 


pronounced like c, and the last like eye. — See Rules 3 and 4 of 
the Initial Vocabulary. 

§ “ Extremique hominum Morini, Rhenusque nicornis.” 

ViRG. vii. 727. 

“ The Danes, unconquer’d offspring, march behind, 

And Jilorini, the last of human kind.” — Dryden. 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAIVIES. 


985 


USI YSI 

Accent the Penultimate, 

Hormandusi, Condrusi, Nerusi, Megabysi. 

ATI ETI OTI UTI 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Abodati, Capellati, Ce.oti, Thesproti, Carnuti. 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 

Athanati, Heneti, Veneti. 

AVI EVI IVI AXI UZI 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Andecavi, Chamavi, Batavi, Pietavi, Suovi, Argivi, Achivi, 
Coraxi, Abruzi. 

UI 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abascui, ^Edui, IJedui, Vermandui, Bipedimui, Inui, Cas- 
^ruminui, Essui, Abrincatui. 

IBAL UBAL NAL aCTIL 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Pomonal. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Anniba], Hannibal, Asdrubal, Hasdrubal, Tanaquil. 

AM IM UxM 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Adulam, xiEgipam, Aduram, Gerabum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abarim. 

UBUM ACUM ICUM OCUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Cornacum, Tornacum, Baracum, Camericum, Labicum, 
Avaricum, Antricum, Trivicum, Nordovicum, Longovicum, 
Verovicum, Norvicum, Brundivicum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

CcBCubum, iVbodiacum, Tolpiacum, Bedriacum, Gessoria- 
cum, Magontiacum, Mattiacum, Argentomacuni, Olenacum, 
Arenacum, Bremetonacum, Eboracuin, Eburacum, Lampsa- 
cum, Nemolacum, Bellovacum, Ajrcdicum, Agendicum, Gly- 
conicum, Canopicum, Noricum, Rfassicum, Adriaticum, Sa- 
benneticum, Balticuin, Aventicum, Mareoticum, Agelocum. 

EDUxM I BUM 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Manduessedum, Algidum. 

iEUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Lilybaeum, Lycacuni, and ail words of this termination. 

EUM ■ 

Accent the Penultimate, 

Syllaceum, Lyceum, Sygeum, Amatheum, Glytheum, Didy- 
meum, Prytaneum, Palanteum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Herculeum, Heracleum, Rataneum, Corineum, Aquineiim, 
Dictynneum, Panticapeum, Rhoeteum. 

AGUM IGUM OGUM 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Nivomagum, Noviomagum, Adrobigum, Dariorigum, Allotn 
rogum. 

lUM 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 

Albium, Eugubium, Abrucium, and all words of this ter- 
mination. 

ALUxM ELUM ILUM OLUM ULUxM 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Anchialum, Acelum, Ocelum, Corbilum, Clusiolum, Oracu- 
Inm, Janiculum, Corniculum, Hetriculum, Uttriculuin, Ascu- 
lum, Tusculum, Angulum, Cingulum, Apulum, Trossulum, 
Batulum. 

MUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Amstelodamum, Novocomum, Cadomum, Amstelrodamum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 

Lygdamum, Cisamum, Boiemum, Antrimum, Auximum, 
Bergomum, Mentonomum. 

ANUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 

x\lbanum, Ilalicanum, Arcanum, iEanum, Teanum, Trifa- 
nuin, Stabeanum, Ambianum, Pompeianum, Tullianum, For- 
niianum, Cosmianum, Boianum, Appianum, Bovianum, IMe- 
diolanum, Amanum, Aquisgranum, Trigisanum, Nuditanum, 
Usalitanum, Ucalitanum, Acoletanum, Acharitaiium, Abziri- 
tanum, Argentanum, Hortanum, Anxanum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Apuscidanum, Hebromanum, Itanum. 


ENUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Picenum, Calenum, Durolenum, Misenum, Volsenum, Dar- 
venum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Olenum. 

INUM 

Accent the Penultimate, 

Urbinum, Sidicinum, Ticinum, Pucinum, Tridinum, Londi- 
num, Aginum, Casilinum, Crustuminum, Apenninum, Sepi- 
num, Arpinum, Aruspinum, Sarinum, Lucrinum, Ocrinum, 
Camerinum, Laborinum* Petrinum, Taurinum, Casinum, Ne- 
mosinum, Cassinum, Atinum, Butinum, Ambiatinum, Peti- 
num, x\ltinum, Salentinum, Tollentinum, Ferentinum, Lau- 
rentinum, Abrotinum, Inguinum, Aquinum, Ncquinum. 

ONUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Cabillonum, Garianonum, Duronum, Cataractonum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Ciconum, Vindonum, Britonum. 

UNUM YNUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Segedunum, Lugdunum, Marigdunum, Moridunum, Arcal- 
dunum, Rigodunum, Sorbiodunurn, Noviodunurn, Melodunum, 
Camelodunum, Axelodunum, Uxellodunum, Brannodunum, 
Carodunum, Caesarodunum, Tarodunum, Theodorodunum, 
Eburodunum, Nernantodunum, Bclunum, Antematunum, 
Andomatunum, Maryandynum. 

OUM OPUM YPUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Myrtbum, Europum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 

Pausilypum. 

ARUM 

Accent the Penultimate, 

Agarum, Belgarum, Nympharura, Convenarura, Rosarum, 
Adulitarum, Celtarum. 

A BRUM UBRUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Velabrum, Vernodubrum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Artabrum. 

ERUM 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Caucoliberum, Tuberum. 

AFRUM ATHRUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Venafrum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 


Barathrum. 


IRUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 


Muzirum. 

ORUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Cermorum, Ducrocortorum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Dorostorum. 

ETRUM 

Accent cither the Penultimate or Antepenultimate. 
Celctrum. 

URUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Alaburum, Ascurum, Lugdurum, Marcodurura, Lactodu- 
rum, Octodurum, Divojurum, Silurum, Saturum. 


Tigurum. 


Accent the Antepenultimate. 


ISUM OSUM 

Accent the Penultimate. '' 

Alisum, Amisum, Janosum. 

ATUM ETUM ITUM OTUM UTUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Atrebatum, Calatum, Argentoratum, Mutristratuim Eloce- 
ttim, Gluercetum, Caletum, Spoletum, Vallisolctum, Toletum, 
Ulmetum, Adrumetum, Tunctum, Eretum, Accitum, Duro- 
litum, Corstopitum, i\.britum, Neritum, Augustoritum, Nau- 
crotitum, Complutum. 


Sabbatum. 


Accent the Antepenultimate. 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


AVUM IVUM YUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Gandavum, Symbrivum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Coccyum, Engyum. 

MIN AON ICON 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Helicaon, Lycaon, Machaon, Dolichaon, Amithaon, Didy- 
maon, Hyperaon, Hicotaon. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Salamin, Rubicon, Helicon. 

ADON EDON IDON ODON YDON 

' Accent the Penultimate. 

Calccdon, Chalcedon, Carchodon, Anthedon, Aspledon, Sar- 
pedon, Thermodon, Abydon. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Celadon, Alcimedon, Amphimedon, Laomedon, Hippome- 
don, Oromedon, Antomedon, Armedon, Eurymedon, Calydon, 
Amy don, Cory don. 

EON EGON 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Pantheon, Deileon, Acliilleon, Aristocreou. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Aieon, Pitholeon, Demoleon, Tiinoleon, Anacreon, Timo- 
creon, Ucalegon. 

APHON EPHON IPHON OPHON 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Agalaphon, Charephon, Ctesiphon, Antiphon, Colophon, 
Demophon, Xenophon. 

THON 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Agathon, Acroathon, Marathon, Phaeton, Phlegethon, Py- 
riphlogithon, Arethon, Acrithon. 

ION 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Pandion, Sandion, Echion, Alphion, Amphion, Ophion, Me- 
thion, Arion, Oarion, ^rion, Hyperion, Orion, Asion, Motion, 
Axion, Ixion. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Albion, Phocion, Cephaledion, iEgion, Brigion, Brygion, 
Adobogion, Moschion, Emathion, Amethion, Anthion, Ero- 
thion, Pythion, Deucalion, Dyedalion, Sigalion, Calathion, 
Etlialion, Eruthalion, Pigmalion, Pygmalion, Cemelion, Pe- 
iion, Ptelion, Iliou, Bryllion, Cromion, Endymion, Milanion, 
Athenion, Boion, Apion, Dropion, Appion, Noscopion, Ase^ 
lelarion, Acrion, Chiinerion, Hyperion, Asterion, Dorion, Eu- 
phorion, Porphyrion, Tliyrion, Jasion, iEsion, Hippocration, 
Stration, Action, Action, 5letion, Alantion, Pallantion, Dotion, 
Theodotion, Erotion, Sotion, Nephestion, Philistion, Polytion, 
Ornytion, Eurytion, Dionizion. 

LON ]MON OON PON RON PHRON 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Philemon, Criumetopon, Caberon, Dioscoron, Cacipron. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Aecalon, Abylon, Babylon, Telamon, Ademon, Algernon, 
Polemon, Ardemon, Hieromnemon, Artemon, Abarimon, Orom- 
enon, Alcamenon, Tauromenon, Deicoon, Democoon, Laoc- 
bon, Hippoebon, Uemophoon, Hippothbon, Acaron, Accaron, 
Paparon, Acheron, Apteron, Daiptoron, Chersephron, Alci- 
phron, Lycophron, Euthyphron. 

SON TON YON ZON 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Theogiton, Aristogiton, Polygiton, Deltoton. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Themiaon, Abaton, Aciton, Aduliton, Sicyon, Cercyon, 
iEgyou,Cremmyon,Cromyon,Geryon, Alcetryon, Amphitryon, 
Amphictyon, Acazon, Amazon, Olizon, Amyzon. 

ABO ACO ICO EDO IDO 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Lampedo, Cupido. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Arabo, Tarraco, Stilico, Maccdo. 

BEO LEO TEO 

Accent the Antepemiltimate. 

Labeo, Aculeo, Buteo. 

AGO IGO UGO 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Carthago, Origo, Verrugo. 

PHO THO 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Clitipho, Agatho. 

BIO CIO DIO GIO LIO MIO NIO RIO SIO TIO VIO XIO 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Arabio, Corbio, Navilubio, Senecio, Diomedio, Regio, 


Phrygio, Bambalio, Ballio, Caballio, Ansellio, Pollio, Sirmio, 
Formio, Phormio, Anio, Parmenio, Avenio, Glabrio, Acrio, 
Curio, Syllaturio, Vario, Occasio, Aurasio, Secusio, Verclusio, 
Natio, Ultio, Derventio, Versontio, Divio, Oblivio, Petovio, 
Alexio. 

CLO ILO ULO UMO 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Chariclo, Corbilo, Corbulo, Aipulo, Baetulo, Castulo, Anu- 
mo, Lucumo. 

ANO ENO INO 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Theano, Adramitteno. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Barcino, Ruscino, Fruscino. 

APO IPO 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Sisapo, Olyssipo. 

ARO ERO 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Vadavero. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Bessaro, Civaro, Tubero, Cicero, Hiero, Acimero, Cessero. 

ASO ISO 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Carcaso, Agaso, Turiaso, Aliso, Natiso. 

ATO ETO ITO YO XO 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Enyo, Polyxo. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Erato, Derceto, Siccilissito, Capito, Amphitryo. 

BER FER GER TER VER 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Meleager, Elaver. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

‘ Calaber, Mulciber, Noctifer, Tanager, Antipater, Marspa- 
ter, Diespiter, Marspiter, Jupiter. 

AOR NOR POR TOR ZOR 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Chrysaor, Alcanor, Bianor, Euphranor, Alcenor, Agenor, 
Agapagnor, Elpenor, Rhetenor, Antenor, Anaxenor, Vindemia- 
tor, Rhobetor, Aphetor. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Marsipor, Lucipor, Numitor, Albumazor, or Albumazar. 

BAS DAS EAS GAS PHAS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Alebas, Augeas (king of Elis), iEneas, Oreas, Symplegas. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Dotadas, Cercidas, Lucidas, Timaichidas, Charmidas, Alci- 
damidas, Leonidas, Aristonidas, Mnasippidas, Pelopidas, The- 
aridas, Diagoridas, Diphoridas, Antipatridas, Abantidas, 
Suidas, Crauxidas, Ardeas, Augeas (the poet), Eleas, Cineas, 
Cyneas, Boreas, Broteas, Acrapbas, Periphas, Acyphas, 
Acragas. 

IAS 

Accent the Penultimate, 

Ophias. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Csecias, Nicias, Cephal®dias, Phidias, Herodias, Cydias, 
Ephyreas, Minyeias, Pelasgias, Antibacchias, Acrolochias, 
Archias, Adarchias, Arcathias, Agathias, Pythias, Pleias, Pe- 
lias, Ilias, Damias, Sceinias, Arsanias, Pausanias, Olympias, 
Appias, Agrippias, Chabrias, Tiberias, Terias, Lycorias, Pe- 
lorias, Demelrias, Dioscurias, Agasias, Phasias, Acesias, 
Agesias, Hegesias, Tiresias, Ctesias, Cephisias, Pausias, Pru- 
sias, Lysias, Tysias, iEetias, Bitias, Critias, Abantias, Tho- 
antias, Phaethontias, Plioestias, Thestias, Pheestias, Sestias, 
Livias, Artaxias, Loxias. 

LAS MAS NAS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Acilas, Adulas, Maecenas, Moeccnas (or, as Labbe says it 
ought to be written, Mecoenas), Fidenas, Arpinas, Larinas, 
Atinas, Adunas. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Amiclas, Amyclas, Agelas, Apilas, Arcesilas, Acylas, Dory- 
las, Asylas, Acamas,- Alcidamas, Iphidamas, Chersidamas, 
Praxidamas, Theodamas, Cleodamas, Therodamas, Thyoda- 
mas, Astydamas, Athamas, Garamas, Dicomas, Sarsinas, Sas- 
sinas, Pitinas. 

OAS PAS RAS SAS TAS XAS YAS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Bagoas, Canopas, Abradaras, Zonaras (as Labbe contends 
it ought to be), Epitheras, Abradatas, Jetas, Philetas, Damce- 
tas, Acritas, Eurotas, Abraxas. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Teleboas, Chrysorrhoas, Agriopas, Triopas, Zonaras, Gya- 
ras, Chrysoceras," Mazeras, Chaboras, Orthagoras, Pythagoras, 
Diagoras, Pylagoras, Demagoras, Tiniagoras,-. Hermagoras , 


987 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES, 


Athenagoras, Xenagoras, Hippagoras, Stesagoras, Tisagoras, 
Telestagoras, Protagoras, Evagoras, Anaxagoras, Praxagoras, 
Ligoras, Atliyras, Thamyras, Cinyras, Atyras, Apesas, Pie- 
tas, B\^licitas, Liberalitas, Lentuliias, Agnitas, Opportunitas, 
Claritas, Veritas, Faustitas, Civitas, Archytas, Pliiegyas, 
Milvas, Marsyas. 

BES 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 

Chalybos, Arinenochalybes. 

CES 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Arbaces, Pharnaces, Samothraces, Arsaces, Phccnices, Liby- 
phoenices, Olyinpionices, Plistonices, Polynices, Ordovices, Le- 
movices, Eburovices. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Axiaces, Astaces, Dorbices, Artlicos, Eleutherocilices, Cap- 
padoces, Eudoces, Bebryces, Mazyces. 

ADES 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Icades, Olcades, Arcades, Orcades, Carneades, Gorgades, 
Stcpcbades, Lichades, Stropliatles, Laiades, Naiades, Alcibia- 
des, Pleiades, Braiicbiades, Deliades, Heliades, PeJiades, Oilia- 
des, Naupliades, Jnliades, Memmiades, Cleniades, Xeniades, 
II uniiiades, Heliconiades, Acrisianiades, Telamoniades, Limo- 
niades, Acbeloiades, Asclepiades, Asopiades, Crotopiades, 
Appiades, Thespiades, Tbariades, Otriades, Cyriades, Scyria- 
des, Ancliisiados, Dosiades, Lysiades, Nysiades, Dionysiades, 
Mena'tiades, Miltiaties, Abantiades, Dryantiades, Atlantiades, 
Laomedontiades, Phaetontiades, Laertiades, Heplnestiades, 
Tbestiades, Battiades, Cyclades, Pylades, Demadcs, Noniades, 
Moeaades, Ecbinades, Cispade3,ChoDrades, Sporades, Perisades, 
Hippotades, Sotades, Ilyades, Thyades, Dryades, Hamadrya- 
des, Othryades. 

EDES 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Democeoes, Agamedes, Palamedes, Archimedes, Nicomedes, 
Diornedes, Lycomedes, Cleomedes, Ganyiiiedes, Thrasymedes. 

IDES 

Accent the Pemiltimate. 

Alcides, Lyncides, Tydides, iEgides, Promethides, Nicartlii- 
des, Heraclides, Teleclides, Epiclides, Anticlides, Androcli- 
des, Meneclides, CEclides, Cteseclides, Xenoclides, Chariclides, 
Patroclides, Aristoclidos, Euclides, Euryclides, Belides (singu- 
lar), Bnsili.Ies, Nelides, Pelidos, A^schylides, Ajinides, Anti- 
genides, CEnides, Lychiiides, Amanoides, Japeronides, Lari- 
des, Abderides, Atrides, Thesides, Aristides. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Epichaides, Dan'iides, TiCsbides, Labdacides, ASacides, Hyla- 
cides, Phylacides, Pharacides, Imbracides, Myrinecides, Phce- 
nicides, Antalcides, Lyncides, Andocides, Atnpycides, Thucy- 
dides, Lelegeides, Tyrrlieides, Pimpleides, Clymeneides, Mi- 
neides, Scyreides, Minyeides, Lagides, Harpagides, Lycur- 
gides, Ogygides, Inachides, Lysimachidcs, Agatharchides, Ti- 
rnarchides, liculychides, licontychides, Leotychides, Sisyphi- 
des, Erecthides, Promethides, Crethides, Scythides, CEbalides, 
AEtlialides, Tantalides, Oastalides, Mystalides, Phytalides, Te- 
leclides, Meneclides, CEclides, Ctesiclides, Androclides, Eu- 
clidos, Euryclides, Belides (plural), Sicelides, Epimelides, 
Cypselides, Anaxi lidos, .^Eolides, Eubulides, Phocylides, Priam- 
ides, Potainides, Cneinides, AEsimides, Tolmides, Charmides, 
Darilanides, Oceanides, Amanides, Titanides, Olenides, Achae- 
inenides, Achimenides, Epimenides, Parmenides, Ismenides, 
Eumenides, Sithnides, ApolJinides, Prumnides, Aonides, Do- 
donides, Mygdalonides, Calydonides, Mceonides, CEdipodioni- 
des, Deioni’des, Chionides, Echionides, Sperchionides,Ophioni- 
des, Japetionides, Ixionides, Mimallonides, Philonides, Apollon- 
ides, Acmonides, .(Emonides, Polypemonides, Simonides, Har- 
inonides, Memnonides, Cronides, Myronides, AEsonides, Aris- 
toniiles, Praxonides, Liburnides, Sunides, Telebbides, Panthbi- 
des, Achelbides, Pronopides, Lapides, Callipides, Euripides, 
Driopides, CEnopides, Cecropides, Leucippides, Philippides, Ar- 
gyraspides, Clearides, Taenarides, Hebrides, Timandrides, An- 
axandrides, Epicerides, Pierides, Hesperides, Hyperides, Cassi- 
terides, Anterides, Peristerides, Libethrides, Dioscorides, Pro- 
togorides, Methorides, Antenorides, Actorides, Diactorides, 
Polyctorides, liege tor ides, Onetorides, An tor ides, Acestorides, 
Thestorides, Aristorides, Electrides, CEnotrides, Smindyrides, 
Phijyrides, Pegasides, lasides, Imbrasides, Clesides, Dionysi- 
des,*Cratides, Propmtides, Proetides, Ocoanitides, AEantides, 
Dryantides, Dracontides, Absyrtides, Acestides, Orestides, 
Epytides. 

ODES UDES YDES. 

Accent the Penultimate. 

iEgilodes, Acmodes, Nebrodes, Herodes, Orodes, Haebades, 
Harudes, Lacydes, Pherecydes, Androcydes. 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 

Sciapodes, CEdipodes, Antipodes, Hippo])odes, Himantopo- 
des, Pyrodes, Epicydes. 


* All the words of this termination have the accent on 
the antepenultimate. — See Eumenes in the Initial Vocabula- 
ry. 


AGES EGES IGES OGES YGES 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

^ Theages, Tectosages, Astvages, Leleges, Nitiobriges, Durot- 
riges, Caturiges, Allobroges, Antobroges, Ogyges, Cataphry 
ges, Sazyges. 

ATHES ETHES YTHES lES 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Ariarathes, Alethes. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Onythes, Aries. 

ALES 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Novendiales, Geniales, Compitales, Arvales. 

Carales Accent the Antepenultimate. 

ACLES ICLES OGLES 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Daicles, Mnasicles, Iphicles, Zanthicles, Charicles, Theri- 
cles, Pericles, Agasicles, Pasicles, Phrasicles, Ctesicles, Sosi- 
cles, Nausicles, Xanticles, Niocles, Empedocles, Theocles, 
Neocles, Eteocles, Sophocles, Pythocles, Diodes, Philocles, 
Damocles, Democles, Phanocles, Xenocles, Hierocles, Andro- 
cles, Mandrocles, Patrocles, Metrocles^ Lamprocles, Cephiso- 
cles, Nestocles, Themistocles. 

ELES ILES OLES ULES 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Ararauceles, Hedymeles, Pasiteles, Praxiteles, Pyrgoteles, 
Demoteles, Aristoteles, Gundiles, Absiles, Novensiles, Pisat- 
iles, Taxiles, iEoles, Autololes, Abdimonoles, Hercules. 

AMES OMES 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Priames, Datames, Abrocomes. 

AXES 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Jordanes, Athamanes, Alamanes, Brachmanes, Acarnaiies, 
iEgipanes, Tigranes, Actisanes, Titanes, Ariobarzanes. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Diaphanes, Epiphanes, Periphanes, Praxiphanes, Dexl- 
phanes, Lexiphanes, Antiphanes, Nicophanes, Theophanes, 
Diophanes, Apollophanes, Xenophanes, Aristophanes, Agria- 
nes, Pharasmanes, Prytanes. 

ENES* 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Timagenes, Metagenes, Sosigenes, Epigones, Melesigenes, 
Antigeues, Theogenes, Diogenes, Oblogenes, Hermogenes, 
Rhetogenes, Themistogenes, Zanthenes, Agasthenos, Lasthe- 
nes, Clisthenes, Callisthenes, Peristhenes, Cratisthenes, An- 
tisthenes, Barbosthenes, Leosthenes, Demosthenes, Dinosthe- 
nes, Androsthenes, Posthenes, Eratosthenes, Borysthenes, Al- 
camenes, Theramenes, Tisamenes, Deditamenes, Spitamenes, 
Pylemenes, Althemenes, Achaemenes, Philopoemenes, Daimenes, 
Nausimenes, Numenes, Antimenes, Anaximenes, Cleomenes, 
Hippomenes, Heromenes, Ariotomenes, Eumenes, Eumenes, 
Polymenes, Geryenes. 

INES 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Telchines, Acesines. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Aborigines, A2schines,f Asines. 

ONES 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Calucones, Agones, Antechthones, Jones, Helleviones, Vo- 
lones, Nesimones, Verones, Centrones, Eburones, Grisones, 
Auticatones, Statones, Vectones, Vetones, Acitavoncs, Ingoa- 
vones, Istaevones, Axones, dSxones, Halizones, 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Lycaones, Chaones, Frisiabones, Cicones, Vernicones, Fran- 
cones, Vascones, Mysomacedones, Rhedones, Essedones, Myr- 
midones, Pocones, Paphlagones, Aspagones, Laestrigones, 
Lingones, Lestrygones, Vangiones, Nuithones, Sithones, Bali- 
ones, Hermiones, Biggeriones, Meriones, Suiones, Mimallones, 
Senones, Memnones, Pannones, Ambrones, Suessones, An- 
soiies, Pictones, Teutones, Amazones. 

OES 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Heroes. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Chorsoes, Chosroes. 

APES OPES 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Cynapes, Cecropes, Cyclopes, 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Panticapes, Crassopcs, Esubopes, iEthiopes, Hellopes, Dol- 
opes, Panopes, Steropes, Dryopes. 


I Labbe says, that a certain anthologist, forced by the neces- 
sity of his verse, has pronounced this word with the accent on 
the penultimate. 


938 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


ARES ERES IRES ORES URES 

Accent the Penultimate, 

Cabares, Balcares, Apollinares, Saltuares, Ableres, By- 
zeres, Bechires, Diores, Azores, Silures. 

Jiccent the Antepenultimate. 

Leochares, iE in oc hales, Demochaies, Abisares, Cavares, 
Insures, Luceres, Pieres, Astabores, Musagores, Centores, 
Limures. 

ISES 

- , , Accent the Penultimate. 

Anchises. 

ENSES 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Ucubenses, Leonicenses, and all words of this termination. 

OCES YSES 

_ , Accent the Penultimate. 

Cambyses. 

AXES 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Phraates, Atrebates, Cornacates, Ceracates, Adunicates, 
Nisicates, Barsabocates, Ijeucates, Teridates, Mithridates, 
Attidates, Osquidates, Oxydates, Ardeates, Eleates, Bercorea- 
tos, Caninefates, Casicenufates, /Egates, Achates, Niphates, 
Dcciates, Attaliates, Mevaniales, Cariates, Ouariatcs, Asser- 
iates, Euburiates, Antiates, Spartiates, Cclelates, Hispellates, 
Stellatcs, Suillates, Albulates, Focinuites, Auximates, Fla- 
nates, Edenates, Fidenates, Sufibnates, Fregenates, Capenates, 
Senates, Coesenates, Misenates, Padinates, Fulginates, Meri- 
nates, Alatrinates, iEsinates, Agesinates, Asisinates, Sassi- 
nates, Sessinates, Frusinates, Antinates, Altinates, Tollenti- 
nates, Ferentinales, Interamnates, Chelonates, Casmonates, 
Arnates, Tifernates, Infernates, Privernates, Oroates, Euphra- 
tes, Orates, Vasates, Cocosates, Toiosates, Antuates, Nantua- 
tes, Sadyates, Caryates. 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 

Spithobates, Eurybates, Antiphates, Trebiates, Zalates, Sau- 
roinates, Attinates, Tornates, Hypates, Menecrates*, Phe- 
recrates, Jphicrates, Callicrates, Epicrates, Pasicrates, Stasic- 
rates, Sosicrates, Hypsicrates, JS'icocrates, Halocratcs, Da- 
inocrates, Democrates, Cheromocrates, Tinjocrates, Hermocra- 
tes, Stenocrates, Xenocrates, Hippocrates, Harpocrates, Soc- 
rates, Isocrates, Cephisocrates, Naucrates, Eucrates, Euthyc- 
rates. Polycrates. 

ETES ITES OTES UTES YTES YES ZES. 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Acetes, Ericetes, Cadetes, zEetes, Mocragetes, Caletes, Phi- 
locletes, A^gletes, Nernetes,Cometes, Ulinanetes, Consuanctes, 
Gymnetes, ^syinnetes, Nannetes, Serretes, Curetes, Theatetes, 
Andizetes, Odites, Belgites, Margites, Memphites, Ancalites, 
Ambialites, Avalites, Cariosuelites, Polites, Apollopolites, 
Hermopolites, Latopolites, Abulites, Styiites, Borysthenites, 
Temeuites, ^enites, Carcinites, Samnites, Heiopites, Garites, 
Centrites, Thersites, Narcissites, Asphaliites, Hydraotes, 
Heracleotes, Bceotes, Helotes, Bootes, Thdotes, Anagnutes, 
Arimazes. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Dercetes, Massagetes, Indigetes, Ilergetes, Euergetes, Au- 
chetes, Eusipetes, Abalites, Charites, Cerites, Praistites, An- 
dramytes, Dariaves, Ardyes, Machlyes, Blerninyes. 

AIS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Achais, Archelais, Honiolais, Ptolemais, Elymais. 

.Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Thebais, Phocais, Aglais, Tanais, Cratais. 

BIS CIS DIS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Berenicis, Cephaledis, Lycomedis. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Acabis, Carabis, Setabis, Nisibis, Cleobis, TucroMs, Tiso- 
bis, Ucubis, Curubis, Salmacis, Acinacis, Brovonacis, Achra- 
cis, Agnicis, Carainbucis, Cadmeidis. 

ElSt ETHIS ATHIS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Medeis, Spercheis, Pittheis, Crytheis, Nepheleis, Eleleis, 
Achilleis, Pimpleis, Cadmeis, Alneis, Schoeneis, Poneis, Acri- 
poneis, Triopeis, Patereis, Nereis, Cenchreis, Theseis, Briseis, 
Perseis, Messeis, Chryseis, Nycteis, Sebethis, Epimethis. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Thymiathis. 

ALIS ELIS ILIS OLIS ULIS YLIS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Andabalis, Cercalis, Ilegalis, Stymphalis, Dialis, Latialis, 


* All words ending in crates have the accent on the antepe- 
nultimate syllable. 

t Tliese voweb form distinct syllables. — See the termination 
EIUS. 


^ptimontialis, Martialis, Manalis, Juvenalis, OuJrinalis, Fon- 
tinalis, Junonalis, Avernalis, Yacunalis, Abrupalis, Floralis, 
Ouietalis, Eumelis, Phasells, Eupilis, Cluinctilis, Adulis. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

CEbalis, Hannibalis, Acacalis, Fornicalis, Androcalis, Lu- 
percalis, Vahalis, Ischalis, Caralis, Thossalis, Italis, Facelis, 
Sicelis, Fasctlis, Vindelis, Nephelis, Bibilis, Incibilis, Leucre- 
tilis, Myrtilis, Iiidivilis, Aleolis, Argolis, Ciniolis, Dccapolis, 
Neapolis (and all words ending in polis), Herculis, Thestylis. 

AMIS EMIS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Calamis, Salamis, Semiramis, Thyamis, Artemis. 

ANIS ENIS INIS ONIS YNIS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Mandanis, Titanis, Bacenis, Mycenis, Philenis, Cyllenis, 
Isnenis, Cebrenis, Adonis, Edonis, Aldonis, Thedonis, Sido- 
nis, Dodonis, Calydonis, Agonis, Alingonis, Colonis, Corbu- 
lonis, Cremonis, Salmonis, Junonis, Ciceronis, Scironis, Coro- 
nis, Phoronis, Turonis (in Germany,) Tritonis, Phorcynis, 
Gortynis. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Sicanis, Anticanis, Andanis, Ilypanis, Taranis, Prytanis, 
Poemanis, Eumenis, Lycaonis, Asconis, JMajonis, Paeonis, 
Sithonis, Memnonis, Pannonis, Turonis (in France), Bitonis, 
Geryonis. 

OISJ 

Accent the Penultimate, 

Minbis, Herbis, Latbis. 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 

Symbis, Pyrbis. 

APIS OPIS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

lapis. Colapis, Serapis^, Isapis, Asopis. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Acapis, Minapis, Cecropis, Meropis. 

ARIS ACRIS ATRIS ERIS IGRIS IRIS ITRIS ORIS 

URIS YRIS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Balcaris, Apollinaris, Nonacris, Cimmeris, Aciris, Osiris, 
Petosiris, Busiris, Lycoris, Calaguris, Gracchuris, Hippuris. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abaris, Fabaris, Sybaris, Icaris, Andaris, Tyndaris, Sagaris, 
Angaris, Phalaris, Elaris, Caularis, Tsenaris, Liparis, Araris, 
Biasaris, Csesaris, Abisaris, Achisaris, Bassaris, Melaris, Au- 
taris, Trinacris, Illiberis, Tiberis, Zioberis, Tyberis, Nepberis, 
Cytheris, Pieris, Trieris, Auseris, Pasitigris, Coboris, Sicoris, 
Neoris, Peloris, Antipatris, Absitris, Pacyris, Ogyris, Porphy- 
ris, Amyris, Thamyris, Thomyris, Tomyris. 

ASIS ESIS ISIS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Amasis, Magnesis, Tuesis. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Bubasis, Pegasis, Parrhasis, Paniasis, Acamasis, Engonasis, 
GraDCostasis, Lachesis, Athesis, Thamesis, Nemesis, Tibisis. 

ENSIS ? 

Accent the F enultimate. 

Genubensis, Cordnbensis, and all w’ords of this termination. 

OSIS USIS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Diamastigosis, Enosis, Eleusis. 

AXIS EXIS IXIS OXIS YXIS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Tegeatis, Sarmatis, Caryatis, Miletis, Limenetis, Curetis, 
Acervitis, Chalcitis, Memphitis, Sophitis, Arbelitis, Fascelitis, 
Dascylitis, Comitis, iEanitis, Cananitis, Circinitis, Sefaennitis, 
Chaonitis, Xrachonitis, Chalonitis, Sybaritis, Daritis, Calcn- 
deritis, Zephyritis, Ampiiaxitis, Rhacotis, Estiaeotie, MsGotis, 
Xracheotis, Mareotis, Phthiotis, Sandaliotis, Elimiotis, Isca- 
riotis, Casiotis, Philotis, Nilotis. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Atergatis, Calatis, Anatis, Naucratis, Dercetis, Eurytis. 

OVIS UIS XIS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Amphaxis, Oaxis, Alexis, Zamolxis, Zeuxis. 

Accent the Antepenultimate 

Vejovis, Dijovis, Ab'situis. 

ICOS EDOS ODOS YD03 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Abydos. 

I These vowels form distinct syllables. 

$ Serapis . — See the word in the Initial Vocabulary. 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


989 


Accent the Antepenultimate, 

Oricos, Tenedos, Macedos, Agriodos 

EOS 

Accent the Penultimate, 

Spercheos, Achilleos. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Androgeos, Egaleos, AEgaleos, Hcgaleos. 

IGOS ICHOS 0CH03 OPHOS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Melampigos, Niontichos, Macronticlios. 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 

Nerigos, .^giochos, Oresitrophos. 

ATHOS ETHOS ITHOS 103 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Sobethos. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Sciathos, Arithos, Ilios, Ombrios, Topasioa. 

LOS MOS NOS POS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Stymphalos, iEgiloa, Pachiiios, Etheonoa, Eteonos, Hepta- 
phonos. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

HoBgalos, iEgialos, Ainpelos, Hexapylos, Sipylos, Hecatom- 
pylos, Potamos, A^gospotamos, Olonos, Orciiomenos, Anapau- 
oraeno.?, Epidicazomonos, Heautontimorumenos, Antropos. 

ROS SOS TOS ZOS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Meleagros, Hecatoncheros, ASgimuros, Nisyroa, Pityonesos, 
Hieronesos, Cephesos, Sebetos, Plaliseetos, Miletoa, Polytime- 
tos, Aretos, Buthrotos, Topazos. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Sygaroa, Algoceros, Anteros, Meleagros, Myiagros, Absoros, 
Amyros, Pegasos, Jalysos, Abates, Aretos, Neritos, Acytos. 

IPS OPS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

iEgilipa, iEthiops. 

LAUS MAUS NAUS RAUS (in two syllables.) 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Archelaus, Menelaus, Aglaus, Agesilaus, Protesilaus, Nico- 
laus, lolaus, Hermolaus, Critolaus, Aristolaus, Dorylaus. 
Amphiaraus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Iraaus,* Emmaus, CEnomaus, Danaus. 

BUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Agabus, Alabus, Arabus, Mclabus, Setabus, Erebus, Ctesi- 
bu3, Deiphobus, Abubus, Polybus. 

ACUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abdacus, Labdacus, Rhyndacus, Abacus, Ithacus. 

lACUSf 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

lalciacus, Phidiacus, Alabandiacus, Rhodiacus, Calchiacus, 
Corinthiacus, Deliacus, Peliacus, Iliacus, Niliacus, Titaniaens, 
Arrneniacus, Messeniacus, Salaminiacus, Lemniacus, loniacus, 
Sammoniacus, Tritoniacus, Gortyniacus, Olympiacus, Caspia- 
cus, Mesembriacus, Adriacus, Iberiacus, Cytheriacus,Siriacus, 
Gcs.soriacus, Cytoriacus, Syriacus, Phasiacus, Megalesiacus, 
Etesiacus, Isiacus,Gno.siacus,Ciiossiacus, Pausiacus, Amathu- 
siacus, Pelusiacus, Prusiacus, Actiacus, Divitiacus, Byzantia- 
cus, Thermodontiacus, Propontiacus, Hellespontiacus, Ses- 
tiacus. 

LACUS NACUS OACUS RACUS SACUS TACUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Benacus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Ablacus, Medoacus, Armaracus, Assaracus, Alsacus, Lamp- 
sacus, Caractacus, Spartacus, Hyrtacus, Pittacus. 

ICUS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Caicus, Numicus, Demonicus, Granicus, Andronicus, Stra- 
tonicus, Callistonicus, Aristonicus, Alaricus, Albericus, Rode- 


* Imaus . — Sec the word in the Initial Vocabulary. 

t All words of this termination have the accent on the i, pro- 
nounced like the noun eye. 

\ It may bo observed, that words of this termination are 
sometimes both substantives and adjectives. When they are 
substantives, they have the accent on the antepenultimate syl- 
lable, as Prome'theus^ Salmo'neus, &cc. *, and when 

adjectives, on the penultimate, as J^cle'us^ Promethe'us^ Sal- 
mone'usj &,c. Thus, (Eneus, a king of Calydonia, is pro- 
nounced in two syllables •, the adjective (Eneus^ which is form- 
ed from it, is a trisyllable j and (En'dius^ another formative of 


ricus, Rudericus, Romericus, Hunnericus, Victoricus, Amatrl- 
cus, Henricus, Theodoricus, Ludovicus, Grenovicus, Varvicus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Thoblicus, Phociicus, Chaldiicus, BardUicus, Jud’iicus, 
AchUicus, Lechaicus, Panchiiicus, Therrniiicus, Ndicus, Panu 
thcniiicus, Cyreniicus, Arabicus, l)acicus,Samothracicus, Tur- 
cicus, Arcadicus, Sotadicus, Threcidicus, Chalcidicus, Alaban- 
dicus, Judicus, Clondicus, Cornificus, Belgicus, Allobrogicus, 
Goorgicus, Colchicus, Delphicus, Sapphicus, Parthicus, Scy- 
thicus, Pythicus, Stymphalicus, Pharsalicus, Thes.«:alicus, 
Italicus, Attalicus, Gallicus, Sabellicus, Tarbellicus, Arguli- 
cus, Getulicus, Camicus, Ceramicus, Academicus, Graecanicus, 
Cocanicus, Tuscanicus, Alanicus, Hellanicus, Glanicus, Atel- 
lanicus, Amanicus, Romaiiicus, Germanicus, Hispanicus, 
Aquitanicus, Sequanicus, Pmnicus, Alcmannicus, Britannicus, 
Laconicus, Leuconicus, Adonicus, Macedonicus, Sandonicus, 
lonicus, llerinionicus, Babylonicus, Samonicus, Pannonicus, 
Hieronicus, Platonicus, Santonicus, Soj)hronicu.«, Teutonicus, 
Amazoniens, Hernicus, Liburnicus, Eubbiciis, Troicus, Stoi- 
cus, Olympicus, Althiopicus, Pindaricus, Balcaricus, Marmar- 
icus, Bassariens, Cimbricus, Andricus, Ibericus, Trietericus, 
Trevericu.s, Africus, Doricus, Pythagoricus, Leuctricus, Ad- 
gandestricus, Istricus, Isauricus, Centauricus, Bituricus, lllyri- 
cus, Syricus, Paga.sicus, Mcesicus, Marsicus, Persicus, Corsi- 
cus, Massicu.^, Issicus, Sabbaticus, Mithridaticus, Tegeaticus, 
Syriaticus, Asiaticus, Dahnaticus, Sarmaticus, Cibyraticus, 
Rhaeticus, Geticus, Gangeticus, AEgineticus, Rhcelicus, Creti- 
cus, Memphiticus, Sybariticus, Abdcriticus, Celticms, Atlanti- 
cus, Garamanticus, Alenticus, Ponticus, Scoticus, Mieoticus, 
Boeoticus, Heracleoticus, Mareoticus, Phthioticus, Niloticus, 
Epiroticus, Syrticus, Atticus, Alyatticus, Halyatticus, Medi- 
astuticus. 

OCUS UCUS YCUS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Ophiucus, Inycus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Lauodocus, Amodocus, Amphilocus, Ibycus, Libycus, Bes- 
bycus, Autolycus, Amycus, Glanycus, Corycus. 

ADUS EDUS IDUS ODUS YDUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Lebedus, Congedus, Alfredus, Aluredus, Emodus, Androdus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Adadus, Enceladus, Aradus, Antaradus, Aufidus, Algidus, 
Lepidus, Hesiodus, Commodus, Monodus, Lacydus, Polydus. 

JEUS CEUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Niobteus, Melibceus, and all words of these terminations. 

EUSt 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Lycambeus, Thisbeus, Bcroniceus, Lynceus (the brother ...f 
Idas), Simonideus, Euripideus, Pherecydeus, Pirteeus, Phege- 
us, Tegeus, Sigeus, Ennosigeus, Argeus, Baccheus, Motor- 
cheus, Cepheus, Rhipheus, Alpheu.s, Orpheus (adjective), 
Erectheus, Prometheus (adjective), Cleantheus, Rhadaman- 
theus, Erymantheus, Pantheus (adjective), Dredaleus, Sopho- 
cleus, Themistocleus, Eleus, Neleus (adjective), Oileus (ad- 
jective), Apelleus, Achillous, Perilleus, Luculleus, Agylleus, 
Pimpleus, Ebuleus, Asculeus, Masculeus, Cadmeus, Aristopha- 
neus, Canancus, CEneus (adj. 3 syll.), CEneus (sub. 2 syll.), 
Idomeneus, Schceneus, Peneus, Phineiis, Cydoncus, Androgeo- 
neus, Bioneus, Deucalioneus, Acrisioneus, Salmoneus (adjec- 
tive), Maroneus, Antenoreus, Plioroneus (adjective), Thyoneus, 
Cyrneus, Epeus, Cyclopeus, Penelopeu.s, Phillipeus, Aganippe- 
us, Menandreus (adjective), Nereus, Zagreus, Boreus, Hyper- 
boreus, Polydoreus, Atreus (adjective), Centaurcus, Nesseus, 
Cisseus, CEteus, Rhmteus, Anteus, Abanteus, Phalanteus, The- 
rodamanteus, Polydamanteus, Thoanteus, Hyanteus, Aconte- 
us, Laomedonteus, Thermodonteus, Phaethonteus, Phlegethon- 
teus, Oronteus, Thyesteus, Phryxeus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Gerionaceus, Menccceus, Lynceus (adjecti’’e), Dorceus, Ca- 
ducous, Asclepiadeus, Paladeus, Sotadeus, Tydeus, Oiqiheus 
(substantive), Mor*heus, Tv rrheus, Prometheus (substantive), 
Cretheus, Mnesitheus, Dositheus, Pentheus (substantive), 
Smintheus, Timotheus, Brotheus, Dorotheus, Menestheus., Eu- 
rystheus, Pittheus, Pytheus, Daidaleus, A^)gialeus, Malcus, 
Tantaleus, Ileracleus, (Eeleus, Eleleus, Neleus, Peleus, Nileus, 
Oileus (substantive), Demoleus, Romuleus, Pergameus, Euga- 
neus, Melaneus, Herculaneus, Cyaneus, Tyaneus, Cciieus, 
Dicaneus, Pheneus, CEneus, Cupidineus, Apollineus, Enneus, 


it, is a word of four syllables. But these words, when formed 
into English adjectives, alter their termination with the ac- 
cent on the penultimate ; 

“ With other notes than to the Otph'dan lyre.’* 

Milton. 

“ The tuneful tongue, the Promethean band.” 

Arenj IDE. 

And sometimes on the antepenultimate j as, 

“ The sun, as from Thyestian banquet lurn*d.-** 

Milton. 


990 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


Adoneus, Atidoaeos, Gorgoneus, Dcioneus, Ilioneus, Mimallo- 
Meus, Salmoneus (substantive), Acroneus, Phoroneus (substan- 
tive;, Albuneus, Enipeus, Sinopeus, Hippous, Aristippeus, 
Areus, Macareus, Tyndareus, Megareus (substantive), Caplia- 
teus (substantive), Briareus, ^sareus, Patareus, Cythereus, 
Plialereus, Nercus (sub.stantive), Tereus, Adoreus, Mentoreus, 
Nestoreus, Atreus (substantive), Caucaseus, Pegaseus, The- 
seus, Perseus, Nicteus, Argenteus, Bronteus, Proteus, Agyeus. 

AGUS EGUS IGUS OGUS 

Accent the Penultimate, 

Cethegus, Robigus, Rubigus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

iEgophagus, Osplmgus, Neomagus, Rjthomagus, Nioma- 
gus, Novioniagus, Caesaromagus, Sitomagus, Areopagus, Har- 
pagus, Arviragus, Uragus, Astrologus. 

ACHUS OCHUS UCHUS YCHUS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Daduchus, Ophiuchus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Telemachus, Daimachus, Diiimachus, Alcimachus, Cal- 
limachus, Lysimachus, Antimachus, Symmachus, Androma- 
■chus, Clitomachus, Aristomachus, Eurymachus, Inachus, 
lamblichus, Demodochus, Xenodochus, Deiochus, Antiochus, 
Deiloclius, Archi.(ochus, Mnesilochus, Thersilochus, Orsilo- 
chus, Antilochus, Nauloclius, Eurylochus, Agerochus, Polyo- 
chus, Monychus, Abronychus. 

APHUS EPHUS IPHUS OPHUS YPHUS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Jo.sephu3, Seriphus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Ascalaphus, Epauhus, Palcepaphus, Anthropographus, Tele- 
phus, Absephus, Agastrophus, Sisyphus. 

ATHUS A5THUS ITHUS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Sim®thus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Archagatims, Araathus, Lapathus, Carpathus, Mychithus. 

AIUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Cdius, Laius, Grains. — See Achaia. 

ABIUS IBIUS OBIUS UBIUS YBIUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Fahius, Arabius, Baibius, Vibius, Albius, Amobius, Ma- 
crobius, Androbius, Tobius, Virbius, Lesbius, Eubius, Danu- 
&ijs, Marrhubius, Talthybius, Polybius. 

CIUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Acacius, Ambracius, Acracius, Thracius, Athracius, Samo- 
thracius, Lampsacius, Arsacius, By/acius, Accius, Siccius, 
Decins, Tiirbicius, Corniheius, Cilicius, Numicius, Apicius, 
Sulpicius, Fabi icius, Oricius, Cincius, Mincius, Marcius, Cir- 
cius, Hircius, Roscius, Albucius, Ijucius, Lygius, Bebrycius. 

DIUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Leccadius, Icadius, Arcadius, Palladius, Tenedius, Albidius, 
Difiius, Thucydidius, Fid'.us, Aufidius, Eufidius, -^gidius, 
Nigidius, Ob.sidius, Gratidius, Brutidius, Hclvidius, Ovidius, 
Rhodius, Clodius, Hannodius, Gordius, Claudius, Rudius, 
Lydius. 

EIUS* 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Daneius, Cocceius, Lyreeius, iEacideius, Lelegius, Sigeius, 
Baccheius, Cepheius, Typhceeius, Cretheius, Pittheius,Saleius, 
Someleins, Neleiu.s, Stheneleius, Proculeius, Septimuloius, 
Canuleins, Venuleius, Apuleius, Egnatuleius, Sypyleius, Piia- 
melus, Cadmoius, Tyaneius, Alneius, Clymeneius, QEiieius, 
Autoneius, Schoeneius, Lampeiu<?, Rhodopeius, Dolopeius, 
Priapeius, Pompeius, Tarpeiu'^ Cynareius, Cythereius, Ne- 
reius, Sutureius, Vultureius, Cinyreiu«, Nyseius, Teius, He- 
cateius, Elateius, Rhoeteius, Atteius, Minyeius. 


^ Almost all the words of this termination are adjectives, 
and in these the vowels ei form distinct syllables ; the others, 
as Cocceius, Saleius, Proculeius, Canuleins, Apulems, Egna- 
tuleius, Schceneius, Lampeius, Vultureius, Atteius, and Miny- 
eius, are substantives ; and which, though sometimes pro- 
nounced with the ei forming a diphthong, and sounded like the 
noun eye, are more generally heard like the adjectives ; so that 
the whole list may be fairly included under the same general 
rule, that of sounding the e separately, and the- i like y conso- 
nant, as in the similar terminations in eia and ia. This is the 
more necessary in these words, as the accented e and the un- 
accented t are so much alike, as to require the sound of the 
initial or consonant y, in order to prevent the hiatus, by giving 
a small diversity to the two vowels. — See Achaia. 


GIUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Valgius, Belgius, Catangius, Sergius, Asceburgius, Oxy 
gius. 

CHIUS PHIUS THIUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Sperchius. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Inachius, Bacchius, Dulichius, Telechius, Munychius, Hesy 
chius, Tychius, Cyniphius, Alphius, Adelphius, Sisyphius, 
Ei.iatJiius, Simicthius, Acithius, Melanthius, Erymaiithius, 
Corinthius, Zerynthius, Tirynthius. 

ALIUS ASLIUS ELIUS ILIUS ULIUS YLIUS 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 

CEbalius, Idalius, AcidaliuSjPalsephalius, Stymphalius, Mae- 
nalius, Opalius, Thessalius, Castalius, Publius, Heraclius,f 
.^lius, Cselius, Lailius, Delius, Melius, Cornelius, Calius, 
Cloelius, Aurelius, Nyctelius, Praxitelius, Abilius, Babilius, 
Carbilius, Orbiiius, Acilius, Caecilius, Lucilius, Aldilius, Vir- 
gilius, Aimilius, Manilius, Pompilius, Turpilius, Atilius, Basi- 
iiu.s, I Cantilius- Cluintilius, Hostilius, Attilius, Rutilius, Duil- 
ius, Sterquilius, Carvilius, Servilius, Callius, Trebellius, Cas- 
cellius, Gellius, Arellius, Vitellius, Tullius, Manlius, Tenolius, 
Nauplius, Daulius, Julius, Amulius, Pamphylius, Pylius. 

MIUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Samius, Ogmius, Isthmius, Decimius, Septimius,Rhemmius, 
Memmius, Mummius, Nomius, Bromius, Latmius, Posthu- 
mius. 

ANIUS ENIUS INIUS ENNIUS 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Anius, Libanius, Canius, Sicanius, Vulcanius, Ascanius, 
Dardanius, Clanius, Manius, Afranius, Granius, .Alnius, Ma?- 
nius. Genius, Borysthenius, Lenius, Valenius, Cyllenius, Ole- 
nius, Menius, Acluemenius, Armenius, Ismeniu.s, Pamiiis, Si- 
renius, Messenius, Dossenius, Pulyxenius, Trmzcnius, Gabini- 
us, Albinius, Licinius, Sicinius, Virginius, Trachinius, IMini- 
us, Salaminius, Flaminius, Etiminius, Arminius, Ilerminius, 
Caninius, Tetritinius, Asinius, Eleusinius, Vatinius, Flaviui- 
us, Tarquinius, Cilnius, Tolumnius, Aunius, Fannius, Elan- 
nius, Ennius, Fescennius, Dossennius. 

ONIUS UNIUS YNIUS OIUS 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Aonius, Lycaonius, Chaonius, Machaonius, Amythaonius, 
Trebonius, lleliconius, Stiliconius, Asconius, Macedonius, 
Chalcedoniu.s, Caledonius, Sidonius, Alchandonius, Mandoni- 
us, Dodonius, Cydonius, Calydonius, Maconius, Pa;onius, Ago- 
nius, Gorgonius, Laestrygonius, Lestrygoniu.s, Trojiliunins, 
Sophonius, Marathonius, Sithonius, Ericthonius, Aphtlionius, 
Arganthonius, Titlionius, lonius, Q'.diporiionius, Echionius, 
Ixionius, Salonius, Milonius, Apollonius, Bahylonius, Almo- 
nius, Laceda;monius, Haemonius, Palajmonius, Ammonius, 
Strymonius, Nonius, Memnonius, Agamemnonius, Cranno- 
nius, Vennonius, Junonius, Pomponius, Acronius, Sophrunius, 
Scironius, Sempronius, Antronius, iEsonius, Ausonius, Lato- 
nius, Suetonius, Antonins, Bistonius, Plutonius, Favonius, 
Amazonius, Esernius, Calphurnius, Saturnius, Daunius, Ju- 
nius, Neptunius, Gortynius, Typhdius, Achelbius, Minbius, 
Trbius. 

APIUS OPIUS TPIUS 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Agapius, ^sculapius, Allsapius, Messapins, Grampius, Pro- 
copius, CEnopius, Cecropius, Eutropius, A^sopius, Mopsopius, 
Gippius, Puppius, Caspius, Thespius, Cispius. 

ARIUS ERIUS IRIUS ORIUS URIUS YRIUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Darius. 

Accent the Antepenul timate. 

Arius, Tcarius, Tarcundarius, Ligarius, Sangarius, Corinthi- 
arius, Larius, Marius, Hierosolymarius, iEnarins, Taenarius, 
Asinarius, Isinarius, Varius, Januarius, Aquarius, Februari- 
us, Atuarins, Imbrius, Adrius, Evandrius, Laberius, Biberius, 
Tilierius, Celtiberius, Vinderius, Acherius, Valerius, Nume- 
rius, llesperius, Agrius, Qilagrius, Cenchrius, Rabirius, Poda- 
lirius, Sirius, Virius, Bosphorius, Elorius, Florius, Actorius, 


t Labbe places the accent of this word on tlie penultimate, 
i, as in Heraclitus and HeracUda: ; but the Roman emperor of 
this name is so generally pronounced willi the antepenulti- 
mate accent, that it would savor of pedantry to alter it. Nor 
do I understand the reason on which Labbe founds his ac- 
centuation. 

J This word, the learned contend, ought to have the accent 
on the penultimate ; but that the learned frequently depart 
from this pronunciation, by placing the accent on the antepe- 
nultimate, may be seen, Rule 31, prefixed to the Initial P'o- 
calmlary. 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


m 


AnaclormSj Sertorius, Caprius, Cyprias, Arrius, Feretrius, 
QEnotrius, Adgandestrius, Caystrius, Epidaurius, Carius, 
Mercurius, Durius, Furius, Palturius, Thurius, Mamurius, 
Puriiis, Ma? 5 urius, Spurius, Veturius, Asturias, Atabyrius, 
Scyrius, Porpliyrius, Assyrius, Tyrius. 

ASIUS ESIUS ISIUS OSIUS USIUS YSIUS. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Asius, Casius, Thasius, Jasius, iEsius, Acesius, Coracesius, 
Arcesius, Mendesius, Cliesius, Ephesius, Milesius, Theume- 
sius, Teumesius, Ainesius, Magnesius, Proconnesius, Cherso- 
nesius, Lyrnesius, Marpesius, Acasesius, Melitesius, Adylisius, 
Amisius, Artemisius, Simoisius, Cliarisius, Acrisius, Horten- 
sius, Syracosius, Theodosius, Gnosius, Sosius, Mopsius, Cas- 
sius, Tlialassius, Lyrnessius, Cressius, Tartessius, Syracusius, 
Fusius, Agusius, Amathusius, Ophiusius, Ariusius, Volusius, 
Seliiiusius, Acherusius, Maurusius, Lysius, Elysius, Dionysius, 
Odrysius, Amphrysius, Othrysius. 

ATIUS ETIUS ITIUS OTIUS UTIUS. 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Xenophontius. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Trebatius, Catius, Volcatius, Achatius, Latius, Csesenatius, 
Egnalius, Gratius, lloratius, Tatius, Luctatius, Statius, Acti- 
us, Vectius, duinctius, Aetius, A^tius, Paiuetius, Prsetius, 
Cetius, Caeetius, Vegitius, Metius, Mcenetius, Lucretius, llel- 
vetius, Saturnalitius, Floralitius, Ccrnpitalitius, Doniitius, Be- 
ritius, Neritius, Crassitius, Titius, Politius, Abundantius, 
Paeantius, Taulantius, Acaniantius, Teuthrantius, Lactantius, 
Hyantius, Byzantius, Terentius, Cluentius, Maxentius, Me- 
zentius, duintius, Acontius, Vocontius, Laomedontius, Leon- 
tius, Pontius, Ilellespontius, Acherontius, Bacuntius, Opunti- 
us, Aruntius, Maeotius, Thesprotius, Scaptius, iEgyptius, 
Martins, Laertius, Propertius, Hirtius, Mavortius, Tiburtius, 
Curtius, Tiiestius, Tiiemistius, Canistius, Sallustius, Crustius, 
Carystius, Hymettius, Bruttius, Abutius, Ebutius, A^butius, 
Albutius, Acutius, Locutius, Stercutius, Mutius, Minutius, 
Pretutius, Clytius, Bavins, Flavius, Navius, Evius, Maivius, 
Naevius, Ambivius, Livius, Milvius, Fulvius, Sylvius, Novius, 
Servius, Vesvius, Pacuvius, Vitruvius, Vesuvius, Axius, 
Naxius, Alexius, Ixius, Sabazius. 

ALUS CLUS ELUS ILUS OLUS ULUS YLUS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Stympbalus, Sardanapalus, Androclus, Patroclus, Dorycliis, 
Orbelus, Philomelas, Eumelus, Phasaelus, Phaselus, Crysilus, 
Cimolus, Timolus, Tmolus, Mausolus, Pactolus, Altolus, 
Atabulus, Praxibulus, Clpobulus, Critobulus, Acontobulus, 
Aristobulus, Eubulus, Thrasybulus, Getulus, Bargylus, Mas- 
sylus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abalus, Ileliogabalus, Corbalus, Bubalus, Cocalus, Daedalus, 
Idalus, Acidalus, Megalus, Trachalus, Cephalus, Cynoceph- 
alus, Bucephalus, Anchialus, Maenalus, Ilippalus, Harpalus, 
Bupalus, Hypalus, Thessalus, Italus, Tantalus, Crotalus, Or- 
talus, Attalus, Euryalus, Doryclus, Stiphelus, Sthenelus, Eu- 
trapelus, Cypselus, Babilus, Diphilns, Antiphilus, Pamphilus, 
Theophilus, Damophilus, TrdiTus, Zdilus, ChoDrilus, Myrtilus, 
Algobolus, Naubolus, Equicolus, Aldus, Laureolus, Anchem- 
olus, Bibulus, Bibaculus, Calculus, Graeculus, Siculus, Sa- 
ticulus, Alquiculus, Paterculus, Acisculus, Regulus, Romulus, 
Venulus, Apulus, Salisubsulus, Vesulus, Catulus, Gaetulus, 
Getulus, Opitulus, Lentulus, Rutulus, Alschylus, Deiphylus, 
Demylus, Deipylus, Sipylus, Empylus, Cratylus, Astylus. 

AMUS EMUS IMUS OMUS UMUS YMUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Callidemus, Charidemus, Pethodemus, Philodemus, Phano- 
demus, Clitodemus, Aristodemus, Polyphemus, Theotimus, 
Hermotimus, Aristotimus, Ithomus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Lygdamus, Archidamus, Agesidamus, Apusidamus, Anaxi- 
damus, Zeuxidamus, Androdamus, Xenodamus, Cogamus, 
Pergamus, Orchamus, Priamus, Cinnamus, Geramus, Abdira- 
mus, Pyramus, Anthemus, Telemus, Tlepolemus, Theopole- 
rnus, Neoptolemus, Phaedimus, Abdalonimus, Zosimus, Maxi- 
mus, Antidomus, Amphinomus, Nicodromus, Didymus, Dindy- 
mus, Helymus, Solymus, Cleonymus, Abdalonymus, Hierony- 
mus, Euonymus, Alsymus. 

ANUS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Artabanus, Cebanus, Thebanus, Albanus, Nerbanus, Vcr- 
banus, Labicanus, Gallicanus, Africanus, Sicanus, Vaticanus, 
Lavicanus, Vulcanus, Hyrcanus, Lucanus, Transpadanus, 
Pedanus, Apidanus, Fundanus, Codanus, Eanus, Garganus, 
Murhanus, Baianus, Trajanus, Fabianus, Accianus, Prisci- 
anus, Roscianus, Lucianus, Seleucianus, Ilerodianus, Claudi- 


* This is the name of a certain astrologer mentioned by Peta- 
vius, which, Labbe says, would be pronounced with the accent 
on the antepenultimate by those who are ignorant of Greek. 

I The singular of Marini. — See the word. 


anus, Saturcianus, Sejanus, Carteianus, AlHanus, Afflianus, 
Lucilianus, Virgilianus, Petilianus, Q.uintilianus, Catullianus, 
Tertullianus, Julianas, Ammianus, Merrimianus, Formianus, 
Diogenianus, Scandinianus, Papinianus, Valentinianus, Jus- 
tinianus, Trophonianus, Othonianus, Pompon ianus, Maronia- 
nus, Apronianus, Thyonianus, Trojarus, Ulpianus, Alsopia- 
nus, Apianus, Oppianus, Marianus, Adrianas, Haclrianus, Ti- 
berianus, Valerianus, Papirianus, Vespasianus, Hortensianus, 
Theodosianus, Bassianus, Pelusiinus, Diocletianus, Domitia- 
nus. Antianus, Scantianus, Terentianus, Guintianus, Sestia- 
nus, Augustianus, Sallustianus, Pretutlanus, Sextianus, Flavi- 
anus, Bovianus, Pacuvianus, A Ianus, Elanus, Silanus, Frcgel- 
lanus, Atellanus, Regillanns, Lucullanus, Sullanus, Syllaiius, 
Carseolanus, Pateolanus, Coriolanus, Ocriculanus, iEsculanus, 
Tuscnlanns, Carsulanus, Fassulanus, Guerquetulanus, Ama- 
nus, Lemanus, Summanus, Romanus, Rhenanus, Ameuanus 
Pucinanus, Cinnanus, Campanus, Ilispanus, Sacranus, Vent - 
franus, Claranus, Ulubranus, Seranus, Lateranus, Corauun 
Soranus, Serranus, Suburranus, Gauranus, Suburanus, Ancy- 
ranu3,Cosanus,Sinuessanus, Syracusan us, Satanus, Laletanus, 
Tunctanus, Abrotanus, Cretanus,Setabitanus,Gaditanus, Tin- 
gitanus, Caralitanus, Neapolitanus, Antipolitanus, Tomita- 
nus, Taurominitanus, Sybaritan-us, Inparitanus, Abderiiauus, 
Tritanus, Ancyritanus, Lucitanus, Pantanus, Nejentanus, No- 
mentanus, Beueventanus, Montanos, Spartanus, Pa’stanus, 
Adelstanus, Tutanus, Sylvanus, Albinovanus, Adeantuanus, 
Mantuanus, 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Libanus, Clibanus, Antilibanus, Oxycanus, Eiidanus, Rh®- 
danus, Dardanus, Oceanus, Longimanus, Idumanus, Dripanu.9, 
Caranus, Adranus, Ca-ranus, Tritanus, Pantanus, Sequanus. 

ENUS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Characenus, Lampsacenus, Astacenus, Picenus, Damascenus, 
Suffenus, Alfenus, Alphenus, Tyrrhenus, Gabienus, Lahienus^ 
Avidenus, Amenus, Pupienus, Garienus, Cluvienus, Culeuu?, 
Galenas, Silenus, Pergamenus, Alexamenus, Ismenus, Thrasy- 
menus, Trasymenus, Diopamus, Capenus, Cebrenus, Fihrenur», 
Serenus, Palmyrenus, Amasenus, Tibisenus, Misenus, Evenus, 
Byzenus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Ambenus, Helenas, Olenus, Tissamenus, Dexamenus, Dia- 
dumenus, Clymenus, Periclymenus, Axenus, Callixenus, Phi- 
loxenus, Timoxenus, Arisioxenus. 

INUS YNUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Cytainus, Gabinus, Sabinus, Albinos, Sidicinus, Aricinus, 
Sicinas, Ticinus, Mancinus, Adminociuus, Carcinus, Cosci- 
nus, Marrucinus, Erycinus, Acadinus, Caudinus, Rufinus, 
Rheginus, Erginus, Opiturginus, Auginus, Hyginus, Pachinus, 
Echinus, Delphinus, Myrrhinus, Pothinus, Facelinus, Velinus, 
Stergilinus, Esquilinus, Alsquilinus, Caballinus, Marcellinus, 
Tigellinus, Sibyllinus, Agyllinus, Solinus, Capitolinus, Gemi- 
nus,'^ Maximinus, Crastuminus, Anagninus, Signinus, U'heo- 
ninus, Saloninus, Antoninus, Amiterninus, Saturninus, Priapi- 
nus, Salapinus, Lepinus, Alpinus, Inalipinus, Arpinus, Hir- 
pinus, Crispinus, Rutupinus, Lagarinus, Charinus, Diochari- 
nus, Nonacrinus, Fibrinus, Lucrinus, Leandrinus, Alexandri- 
nus, Iberinus, Tiberinus, Transtiberinus, Amerinus, Alseri- 
nus, Guirinus, Censorious, Assorinus, Favorinus, Phavoriuus, 
Taurinus, Tigurinus, Thurinus, Semurinus, Cyrinus, Myriiius, 
Gelasinus, Exasinus, Acesinus, Halesinus, Telesinus, Ncpesi- 
nus, Brundisinus, Nursinus, Narcissinus, Libyssinus, Fuscinus, 
Clusinus, Venusinus, Perusinus, Susinus, Ardeatinus, Beati- 
nus, Antiatinus, Latinus, Collatinus, Cratinus, Soractinus, 
Aretinus, Arretinus, Setinus, Bantinus, Murgantinus, Pha- 
lantinus, Numantinus, Tridentinus, Ufentinus, Murgentinus, 
Salentinus, Pollentinus, Polentinus, Tarentinus, Torentinus, 
Surrentinus, Laurentinus, Aventinus, Truentinus, Leontinus, 
Pontinus, Metapontinus, Saguntinus, Martinus, Mamertinus, 
Tiburtinus, Crastinus, Palsestinus, Praenesiinus, Atestinus, 
Vestinus, Augustinus, Justinus, Lavinus, Patavinus, Acuinus, 
Elvinus, Corvinus, Lanuvinus, Vesuvinus, Euxinus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Phainus, Acinus, Alcinus, Fucinus, Alacidinus, Cyteinus 
Barchinus, Morinus,f Myrrhinus, Terminus, Ruminus, Eari- 
nus, Asinus, Apsinus, Myrsinus, Pometinus, Agrantinus, 
Acindynus. 

ONUS UNUS YNUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Drachonus, Onochonus, Ithonus, Tithonus, Myronus, Nep- 
tunus, Portunus, Tutunus, Bithynus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Exagonus, Hexagonus, Telegonus, Epigonus, Erigonus, 
Tosigonus, Antigonus, Ijaogonus, Chrysogonus, Nebrophonus, 
Apouus, Carantonus, Santonus, Aristonus, Dercynus. 


As the i in the foregoing selection has the accent on it, it 
ought to be pronounced like the noun eye ; while the unac- 
cented i in this Selection should be pronounced like e. — See 
Rule 4tli prefixed to the Initial Vocabulary. 


992 


GREEK AND LATIN PROPER NAMES. 


OUS 

Accent the Pe'mltimate. 

Aoiis, Laous, Sanlous, Eoiis, Geloiis, AcheloUs, InoUs, Mi- 
noUs, Naupactoiis, Arctous, M yrtous. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

HydrochoUs, Aloalhoiis, Pirithous, Nausithous, AlcinoUs, 
Sphinous, Aiitinous. 

APUS EPL'S IPUS OPUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Priapus, Anapus, A^sapus, Messapur*, Athepus, iEsepiiSj 
Euripus, Lycopus, Melauopus, Canopus, Inopus, Paropus, 
Oropusj Europus, Asopus, iEsopus, Crotopus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Sarapus, Astapus, CEdipns, Agriopus, iEropus. 

ARUS ERUS IRUS ORUS URUS YRU3 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Ciraarus, iEsarus, Iberus, Doberus, Homerus, Severus, 
Noverus, Melaagrus, Q3agrus, Cynaegirus, Cainirus, Epirus, 
Achedorus, Arten.idorus, Isidorus, Dionysidorus, Theodorus, 
Pytliodorus, Diodorus, Tryphiodorus, Ileiiodorus, Asclepiodo- 
rus, Athesiodbrus, Cassiodorus, ApoIIodorus, Dc'inodorus, 
Hormodorus, Xenodorus, Metrodorus, Polydorus, Alorus, 
Elorus, Helorus, Pelorus, ASgimorus, Assorus, Cytorus, Epi- 
curus, Paliuurus, Arcturus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abarus, Imbarus, Hypobarus, Icarus, Pandarus, Pindarus, 
Tyndarus, Tearus, Farfarus, Amarus, Abgarus, Gargarus, 
Oi)harus, Cantharus, Obiarus, Uliarus, Silarus, Cyllarus, 
Tamarus, Absimarus, (yomarus, Vindomarus, Tomarus Is- 
marus, Ocinarus, Pinarus, Cinnarus, Absarus, Bassarus, Deio- 
tarus, Tartarus, Eleazarus, Artabrus, Balacrus, Charadrus, 
Cerberus, Bellerus, Mermerus, Termerus, Hesperus, Craterus, 
Icterus, Anigrus, Glapbirus, Deboriis, Pacorus, Stesicliorus, 
Gorgophorus, Telesphorus, Bosi)liorus, Phosphorus, Heptapo 
rus, Euporus, Anxurus, Deipyrus,Zopyrus, Leucosyrus, 3aty 
rus, Tityrus. 

ASUS ESUS ISUS OSUS US US YSUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Parnassus, Galesus, Halesus, Volesus, Termesus, Thcuim 
sus, Teumesus, Alopeconnesus, Proconnesus. Arconnesus, 
Elaphonnesus, Domonesus, Cherroncsus, Chersonesus, Arcten- 
nesus, Myonnesus, Halonesus, Cephalonesiis, Peloponnesus, 
Cromyonesus, Lyrnesus, Marpesus, Titaresus, Alisus, Para- 
disus, Amisus, Paropamisus, Crinisus, Amnisus, Berosus, 
Agrosus, Ebusus, Ainphrysus. 


* All words ending iu stratus have the accent on the ante- 
penultimate syllable. 


Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Oribasus, Bubasus, Caucasus, Pedasus, Agasus, Pegasus, 
Tamasus, Harpasus, Imbrasus, Cerasus, Doryasus, Vogesus, 
Vologesus, Ephesus. Anisus, Genusus, Ambrysus. 

ATUS ETUS ITUS OTUS UTUS YTUS 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Rubicatus, Bseticatus, Abradatus, Ambigatns, Viriatus, Fla- 
tus, Pilatus, Catugnatus, Cincinnatus, Odenalus, Leonuius, 
Aratus, Pytharatus, Demaratus, Acratus, Coratus, Sceleratus, 
Serratus, Dentatus, Duatus, Torquatus, Februatus, Achetus, 
Polycletus, iEglctus, Miletus, Admetus, Treinetus, Diognetus, 
Dyscinetus, Capetus, Agnpetus, lapetus, Acretus, Oretus, 
Hermaphroditus, Epaphroditus, Heraclitus, Muniius, Agapi* 
tus, Cerritus, Bituitus, Polygnotus, Azotus, Acutus, Slercu- 
tus, Cornutus, Cocytus, Berytus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Deodatus, Palaephatus, Inatus, Acratus, Dinocratus, Eches- 
tratus,^ Amestratus, Menestratus, Amphistratus, Callisira- 
tus, Damasistratus, Erasistratus, Agesistratus, Hegesistratus, 
Pisistratus, Sosistratus, Lysistratus, Nicostratus, Cleostra- 
tus, Dainostratus, Demostratus, Sostratus, Philostratus, Di- 
nostratus, Hcfrostratus, Eratnstratus, Polystratus, Acrotatus, 
Tiygetus, Dem®netus, lapetus, Tacitus, Iphitus, Ononiacri- 
tus, Agoracritus, Onesicritus, Cleocritus, Damocritus, Democ- 
ritus, Aristocritus, Antidotus, Theodotus, Xenodotus, Herod- 
otus, Cephisodotus, Libanotus, Leuconotus, Euronotus, Age- 
simbro*us, Stesimbrotus, Theombrotus, Cleombrotus, Hippol- 
ytus, Anytus, iEpytus, Eurytus. 

AVUS EVUS IVUS UUS XUS YUS ZUS XYS U 
Accent the Penultimate. 

A^avus, Timavus, Saravus, Batavus,f Versevus, Siievus, 
Gradivus, Argivus, Briaxus, Oaxus, Araxus, Eudoxus, Trape- 
zus, Charaxys. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Batavus, Inuus, Fatuus, Tityus, Diascoridus. 

DAX LAX NAX RAX RIX DOX ROX 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Ambrodax, Demonax, Hipponax. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Arctophylax, Hegesianax, Herinesianax, Lysianax, Astya- 
nax, Agonux, Hierax, CaDtobrix, Eporedorix, Deudorix, Am- 
biorix, Dumnorix, Adiatorix, Orgetorix, Biturix, Cappadox, 
Allobrox. 


f This word is pronounced with the accent either on the 
penultimate or antepenultimate syllable : the former, however, 
is the most general, especially among the poets. 


t 






Y 


■ ^ . 


i' 






" - i ■. 


’f. . , 


RULES 


FOR THB 


PRONUNCIATION 


* ; 




OP 


SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 




i’ 


S3 




•A 




ft 


•Tj 




I 


ADVERTISEMENT. 


THE true pronunciation of the Hebrew language, as Doctor 
Lowth observes, is lost. To refer us for assistance to the 
Miisoretic points, would be to launch us on a sea without 
shore or bottom ; tho only compass, by which wo can possibly 
steer on this boundless ocean, is the ^ptuagint version of the 
Hebrew Bible ) and, as it is highly probable the translators 
transfused the sound of the Hebrew proper rames into the 
Greek, it gives us something like a clew to guide us out of the 
labyrinth. But even here we are often left to guess our way j 
for the Greek word is frequently so different from the Hebrew, 
as scarcely to leave any traces of similitude between them. 
In this case, custom and analogy must often decide, and the ear 
must sometimes solve the difficulty. But these difficulties re- 
late chiefly to the accentuation of Hebrew words ; and the 
method adopted in this point will be seen in its proper place. 

1 must here acknowledge my obligations to a very learned 


and useful work — the Scripture Lexicon of Mr. Oliver. As 
the first attempt to facilitate the pronunciation of Hebrew 
proper names, by dividing them into syllables, it deserves tho 
liighest praise: but, as I have often differed widely from this 
gentleman in syllabication, accentuation, and the sound of the 
vowels, I have thought it necessary to give my reasons for this 
difference, which will be seen under the Rules ; of the validi- 
ty of which reasons tho reader will be the best judge. 


N. B. As there are many Greek and Latin proper names in 
Scripture, particularly in the New Testament, which are to 
be met with in ancient history, some of them have been omit- 
ted in this selection : and therefore, if the inspector does not 
find them here, he is desired to seek for them in the Vocabula- 
ry of Greek and Latin Names. 


\ 






RUIiES 


FOR PRONOUNCING 

SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 


.4 the pronunciation of the letters of the Hebrew proper 
XH.U 1 CS, we find nearly the same rules prevail as in those of 
Greek and Latin. Where the vowels end a syllable with the 
accent on it, they have their long open sound, as J\Ta‘balj Je'- 
hUj Si'rachy Go'sken, and Fu'bal. (See Rule 1st prefixed to 
the Greek and Latin Proper JVames.) 

2. Wlien a consonant ends the syllable, the preceding vowel 
is short, as Saiu'u-cl, Lcni'u-el^ Siin'e-ony iSoi'o-rnoiij Sue'eoth^ 
Syn'a-gogue. (See Rule 2d prefixed to the Gh'eek and Latin 
Proper jYames.) I here differ widely from Mr. Oliver ; for I 
cannot agree with him, that the c in Abdiel^ the o in Arnon, 
and the u in Askar ^ are to be pronounced like the ee in seen, 
the 0 in tone, and the u in tune, which is the rule he lays 
down for all similar words. 

3. Every final i, forming a distinct syllable, though unac- 
cented, has the long open sound, as A'i, A-ris'a-i. (See Rule 
4th prefixed to the Greek and Latin Proper JVaines.) 

4. Every unaccented i, ending a syllable, not final, is pro- 
nounced like e, as A‘ri-el, Ab'di-el, pronounced A're-el, Ab'- 
de-el. (See Rule 4th prefixed to the Greek and Latin Proper 
JVames.) 

5. The vowels ai are sometimes pronounced in one syllable, 

and sometimes in tw'o. As the Septuagint version is our chief 
guide in the pronunciation of Hebrew proper names, it may 
be observed, that when these letters are pronounced as a 
diphthong in one syllable, like our English diphthong in the 
word daily, they are either a diphthong in the Greek word, 
or expressed by the Greek f or t, as Ben-ai'ah, Bavaia ; 
Ha'shai, Xscrl ; Ha rai, Ouoi, &c.; and that when they are 
pronounced in two syllaoles, as Skarn'ma-i, Skask'a-i, 
Ber-a-Vah, it is because the Greek w'ords by which they 
are translated, as Yaput, ScoiS; B ipaia, make t\vo syllables 
of these vowels. iMr. Oliver has not always attended to this 
distinction : he makes Sin'a-i three syllables, though the 
Greeks made it but two in "Eivd. That accurate prosodist, 
Labbe, indeed, makes it a trisyllable ; but he does the same 
ny Aaron and Canaan, which oar great classic Milton uni- 
formly reduces to two syllables, as well as Sinai. If w'e were 
to pronounce it in three syllables, w'e must necessarily make 
the first syllable short, as in Skim'ea ; but this is so contrary 
to the best usage, that it amounts to a proof that it ought to 
be pronounced in two syllables, with the first i long, as in 
Skihiar. This, however, must be looked upon as a general 
rule only: these vowels in Griecisecl by ’Hcat/z?, are 

always pronounced as a diphthong, or, at least, witli the ac- 
cent on the a, and the i like y aiticulating the succeeding 
vowel ', in Caiaphas, likewise, the ai is pronounced like a diph- 
thong, though divided in the Greek Katipaag ,* which division 
cannot take place in this word, because the i must then ne- 
cessarily have tlie accent, and must be pronounced as in Isaac, 
as Mr. Oliver has marked it ; but I think contrary to univer- 
sal usage.- The only point necessary to bo observed in the 
souml of this diphthong is, the slight difference we perceive 
between its medial and final position: when it is final, it is 
exactly like the English ay without the accent, as in holyday, 
roundelay, galloway ; but when it is in the middle of a word, 
and followed by a vowel, the i is pronounced as if it were y, 
and as if this y articulated the succeeding vow’el : thus Ben- 
ai'ah is pronounced as if written Ben-a'yah. 

fi. Ck is pronounced like k, as Chehar, Chemosh, Enoch, 
&c., pronounced Kebar, Kemosh, Enoch, &c. Cherubim and 
Rachel seem to be perfectly Anglicised, as the ch in these 
words is always heard as in the English words cheer, child, 
riches, &c. (See Rule 12th prefixed to the Greek and Latin 
Proper JSTames.) The same may be observed of sig- 

nifying an order of angels *, but when it means a city of the 
Babylonish empire, it ought to be pronounced Ke'rub. 

7. Almost the only difference in the pronunciation of the 
Hebrew, and the Greek and Latin proper names, is in the * 
sound of the g before c and i : in the two last languages, this I 
consonant is always soft before these vowels, as Gellius, | 
Gippius, &c., pronounced Jellius, Jippius, <‘fec.; and in the | 
first, it is hard, as Gera, Geritim, Gideon, Gilgal, Megiddo, ! 
JMegiddon, Ac. This difference is without all foundation in 
etymology j for both g and c were always hard in the Greek ; 


and Latin languages, as well as in the Hebrew ; but the latter 
language being studied so much less than the Greek and Latin, 
it has not undergone that change which familiarity is sure to 
produce in all languages: and even the solemn distance of this 
language has not been able to keep the letter c from sliding 
into s before e and i, in the same manner as in the Greek and 
Latin: thus, though Gehazi, Gideon, Ac., have the g hard, 
Cedrorn, Cedron, Cisai, and Cittern, have the c sclt, as if 
written Sedrom, Sedron, Ac. The same may be observed of 
Igeabarirn, Igeal, J\Tagge, Shage, Pagiel, with the g hard j 
and Ocidelus, Ocina, and Pharacion, with the c soft like s. 

8. Gentiles, as they are called, ending in ines and ites, as 
Philistines, ITivites, Hittites, Ac., being Anglicised in the 
translation of the Bible, are pronounced like formatives of our 
own, as Philistins, IVhitJieldites, Jacobites, Ac. 

9. The unaccented termination ah, so frequent in Hebrew 
proper names, ought to be pronounced like the a in father. 
The a in this termination, however, frequently falls into the 
indistinct sound heard in the final a \\\ Africa, ABtna,&..c.', 
nor can we easily perceive any distinction in this respect be- 
tween Elijah and Elisha : bul the final h preserves the other 
vowels open, as Colhozeh, Shiloh, Ac., pronounced Colhozee, 
S/iilo, Ac. (l*ee l.’ule 7th prefixed to the Greek and Latin 
Proper JVames.) The diphthong ei is always pronounced like 
ec : thus Sa-mei'us is pronounced as if written Sa-mee'us. 
But if the accent be on the ah, then the a ought to be pro- 
nounced like the a in father ; as Tali' e-ra, Tah'pe-nes, Ac. 

10. It may be remarked, that there are several Hebrew prop- 
er names, which, hy passing through the Greek of the New 
Testament, have conformed to the Greek pronunciation ; such 
as Aceldama, Genesareth, Bethphage, Ac., pronounced 
Ase^dirna, jenezareih, Bethphnje, Ac. This is, in my 
opinion, rnoro agreeable to tlie genei.ii analogy of pronouncing 
these Hebrew-Greek words than preserving the c and g hard. 

Rules for ascertaining; the English Quantity of the 
Vowels in Hebrew Proper Names. 

11. With respect to the quantity of the first vovvel in dis- 
syllables, with but one consonant in the middle, I have follow- 
ed the rule which we observe in the pronunciation of such 
dissyllables when Greek or Latin words ; (see Rule 18th pre- 
fixed to the Greek and Latin Proper J^'avies ;) and that is, to 
place the accent on the first vowel, and to pronounce that 
vowel long, as Ko'rah, and not Kor'ah, Mo'loch, and not 
Mol'och, as Mr. Oliver has divided them, in opposition both to 
analogy and the best usage. I have observed the same anal- 
ogy in the [lenultimate of polysyllables ; and hav’e not divided 
Balthasar into Bal-thas'ar, as Mr. Oliver has done, but into 
Bal-tha'sar. 

12. In the same manner, when the accent is on the antepe- 
nultimate syllable, whether the vowel end the syllable, or be 
followed by two consonants, the vowel is always short, except 
followed by two vowels, as in Greek and Latin proper names. 
(See Rules prefixed to these names. Nos. 18, 19,20, Ac.) Thus 
Jehoshaphat has the accent on the antepenultimate syllable, 
according to Greek accentuation hy quantity, (see Introduction 
to this work ;) and this syllable, according to the clearest anal- 
ogy of English pronunciation, is short, as if spelt Je-hosh'a- 
phat. The secondary accent has the same shortening power 
in Othonias, where the primary accent is on the third, and the 
secondary on the first syllable, as if spelt Oth-o-ni'as : and it 
is on these two fundamental principles of cur own pronuncia- 
tion, namely, the lengthening power of the penultimate, and 
the shortening power of the antepenultimate accent, that I 
hope I have been enabled to regulate and fix many of those 
sounds which were floating about in uncertainty ; and wdiich. 
for want of this guide, are differently marked hy different 
orthoepists, and often differently by the same orthoepist. 

Rules for placing the Accent on Hebrew Proper Names. 

13. With respect to the accent of Hebrew words, it cannot 
be better regulated than by the law's of the Greek language. 
I do not mean, however, that every Hebrew word, which 
Gr.'ccised by the Septuagint, should be accented exactly ac- 


£)96 


RULES FOR PRONOUNCING SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 


cording to the Greek rule of accentuation ; for, if this were 
the case, every word ending in el would never have the accent 
higher than the preceding syllable ; because it was a general 
rule in the Greek language, that, when the last syllable was 
long, the accent could not je higher than the penultimate : nay, 
strictly speaking, were we to accent these words according to 
the accent of that language, they ought to have the accent on 
the last syllable, because AjSSiti'K and lapa/jX, Abdiel and Is- 
rael^ have the accent on that syllable. It may be said, that 
this accent on the last syllable is the grave, which, when on 
the last word of a sentence, or succeeded by an enclitic, was 
changed into an acute. Eat here, as in words purely Greek, 
we find the Latin analogy p»evail ; and, because the penulti- 
mate is short, the accent is placed on the antepenultimate, in the 
same manner as in Socrates, Susthcnes , &c., though the final 
syllable of the Greek words ^(OKparns, I.(t)aOh'r]g, &c., is long, 
and the Greek accent on the penultimate. (See Introduction 
prefixed to the Rules for pronouncing Greek and Latin Proper 
J^'ames.) It is this general prevalence of accenting according 
to the Latin analogy, that has induced me, when the Hebrew 
word has been Graecised in the same number of syllables, to 
prefer the Latin accentuation to what may be called our own. 
Thus Cathua, coming to us through the Greek KaOed, I have 
accented it on the penultimate, because the Latins would have 
placed the accent on this syllable on account of its being long, 
thougli an English ear would be better pleased with the ante- 
penultimate accent. The same reason has induced me to ac- 
cent Ckaseba on the antepenultimate, because it is Graecised 
into XaaelSd. But when the Hebrew and Greek word does 
not contain the same number of syllables, as J\Ies‘o-bah, 
M€cr(jjj3ia, Idhi-el, l5si]\og, it then comes under our own anal- 
ogy, and we neglect the long vowel, and place the accent on 
the antepenultimate. The same n'ay be observed of Morde- 
cai, from Mapdo 

14. As we never accent a proper name from the Greek on 
the last syllable, (not because the Greeks did not accent the 
last syllable, for they had many words accented in that man- 
ner, but because this accentuation was contrary to the Latin 
prosody *,) so, if the Greek word bo accented on any other syl- 
lable, we seldom pay any regard to it, unless it coincide with 
the Latin accent. Thus in the word Oede'rah, I have placed 
the accent on the penultimate, because it is Graecised by 
Vd6t]pa, where the accent is on the antepenultimate ; and 
this because the penultimate is long, and this long penultimate 
has always the accent in Latin. (See this further exemplifi- 
ed, Rule 18th, prefixed to the Greek and Latin Proper JSl'ames, 
and Introduction, near the end.) Thus, though it may seem 
at first sight absurd to derive our pronunciation of Hebrew 
words from the Greek, and then to desert the Greek for the 
Latin ; yet, since we must have some rule, and, if possible, a 
learned one, it is very natural to lay hold of the Latin, be- 
cause it is nearest at hand. For as language is a mixture of 
reasoning and convenience, if the true reason lie too remote 
from comi^gon apprehension, another more obvious one is gen- 
erally adopted *, and this last, by general usage, becomes a 
rule superior to the former. It is true, the analogy of our own 
language would be a rule the most rational 5 but, while the 
analogies of our own language are so little understood, and 
the Greek and Latin languages are so justly admired, even the 
appearance of being accpiainted with them will always be es- 
teemed reputable, and infallibly lead us to an imitation of 
them, even in such points as are not only insignificant in 
themselves, but inconsistent with our vernacular pronuncia- 
tion. 

15. It is remarkable that all words ending in ias and iah 
Ipave the accent on the i, without any foundation in the anal- 
ogy of Greek and Latin pronunciation, except the very vague 
reason that the Greek word places the accent on this syllable. 
I call this reason vague, because the Greek accent has no in- 
fluence on words in ael, iel, ial, &c., as lapa^X, 

BfXi'aA, K. r. A. 

Hence we may conclude the impropriety of pronouncing 
J^Iessias with the accent on the first syllable according to 
Labbe, who says we must pronounce it in this manner, if we 
wish to pronounce it like the French with the os rotundum et 


facundum ; and, indeed, if the i vrere to be pronounced in 
the French manner, like c, placing the accent on the first syl- 
lable seems to have the bolder sound. This may serve as an 
answer to the learned critic, the editor of Labbe, who says, 

“ the Greeks, but not the French, pronounce ore rotundo 
for though the Greeks might place the accent on the i in 
Mfcro-tuf, yet, as they certainly pronounced this vowel as the 
French do, it must have the same slender sound, and the ac- 
cent on the first syllable must, in that respect, be preferable to 
it ; for the Greek i, like the same letter in Latin, was the 
slenderest of all the vowel sounds. It is the broad diph- 
thongal sound of the English i with the accent on it, which 
makes this word sound so much better in English than it does 
in French, or even in the true ancient Greek pronunciation. 

IB. The termination aim seems to attract the accent on the 
a only in words of more than three syllables, as E'phra-im and 
Mii'ra-im have the accent on the antepenultimate ; but Ho^ 
ro-na'im, Ram-a-tha'im, See., on the penultimate syllable. 
This is a general rule ; but if the Greek word have the penul- 
timate long, the accent ought to be on that syllable, as Phar- 
va'im, ^apsip. Sec. 

17. Kemuel, Jemuel, JSTemuel, and other words of the same 
form, having the same number of syllables as the Greek words 
into which they are translated, ought to have the accent on 
the penultimate, as that syllable is long in Greek j but Eman- 
uel, Samuel, and Lemuel, are irrecoverably fixed in the ante- 
penultimate accentuation, and show the true analogy of tho 
accentuation of our own language. 

1^. Thus we see what has been observed of the tendency 
of Greek and Latin words to desert their original accent, and 
to adopt that of the English, is much more observable in 
words from the Hebrew. Greek and Latin words are fixed in 
their pronunciation, by a thousand books written expressly 
upon the subject, and ten thousand occasions of using them ; 
but Hebrew words, from the remote antiquity of the lan- 
guage, from the paucity of books in it, from its being origin- 
ally written without points, and the very different style of its 
poetry from that of other languages, afford us scarcely any 
criterion to recur to for settling their pronunciation, which 
must therefore often be irregular and desultory. The Sep- 
tuagint, indeed, gives us some light, and is the only star by 
which we can steer ; but this is so frequently obscured, as to 
leave us in the dark, and force us to pronounce according to 
the analogy of our own language. It were to be wished, in- 
deed, that this were to be entirely adopted in Hebrew words, 
where we have so little to determine us ; and that those words 
which we have worn into our own pronunciation were to be a 
rule for all others of the same form and termination ; but it is 
easier to bring about a revolution in kingdoms than in lan- 
guages. Men of learning will always form a sort of literary 
aristocracy ; they will be proud of the distinction M hich a 
knowledge of languages gives them above the vulgar, and will 
be fond of showing this knowledge, which the vulgar will 
never fail to admire and imitate. 

The best we can do, therefore, is to make a sort of compro- 
mise between this ancient language and our own ; to form a 
kind of compound ratio of Hebrew, Greek, Latin, and Eng- 
lish, and to let each of these prevail as usage has permitted - 
them. Thus Emanuel, Samuel, Lemuel, which, according to 
the Latin analogy and our own, have the accent on the ante- 
penultimate syllable, ought to remain in quiet possession of 
their present pronunciation, notwithstanding the Greek 
E/if«aryijA, 'Eapsr)\, AepstjX ,• but Elish^ia, Esdrelon, Gede- 
rah, may have the accent on the penultimate, because the 
Greek words into which they are translated, EAtcyf, Eo•5p^;- 
\<hp, Td^rjpa, have the penultimate long. If this should not 
appear a satisfactory method of settling the pronunciation of 
these w'ords, I must entreat those who dissent from it to point 
out a better : a work of this kind was wanted for general use : 
it is addressed neither to the learned nor the illiterate, but to 
that large and most respectable part of society who have a 
tincture of letters, but whose avocations deny them the op- 
portunity of cultivating them. To these a work of this kind 
cannot fail of being useful ; and by its utility to these the au- 
thor w’ishes to stand or fall 


PRONUNCIATION 


OF 

SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 


INITIAL VOCABULARY. 


*,(.* When a word is succeeded by a word printed in Italics, 
this latter word is merely to spell the former as it ought to be 
pronounced. Thus, As‘e-fa is the true pronunciation of the 
preceding word AcH-pha : and so of the rest. 

The figures annexed to the words refer to the rules 
prefixed to the Vocabulary. Thus the figure 3 after Ab'di 
refers to Rule the 3d, for the pronunciation of the final i ; and 

the figure 5 after A-bis'sa-i refers to Rule the 5th, for the pro- 
nunciation of the unaccented ai : and so of the rest. 

For the quantity of the vowels indicated by the syllabi- 
cation, see Nos. 18 and 19 of the Rules for Greek and Latin 
Proper A'ames. 

[In a few instances, the pronunciation of Perry, or of 
Fulton and Knight, is given below. — Ed.] 

AB 

AC 

AD 

iEG 

AH 

A'A-I.AR 

Ab'i-gail 

A'chad 


Ad'a-tha 9 

Al-ne'as. — Virgil. 

A^a-ron* 5 

Ab'i~gal 

A-cha'i-a 5 


Ad'be-el 13 

Al'ne-asTF. — Acts 9. 

Ab 

Ab-i-ba'il 

A-cha'i-chus 

Ad'dan 

Al'non 

Ab'a-cue 

A-bi'hu 

A'chan 6 


Ad'dar 

Al'nos 

Ab'a-dah 

A-bi'hud 

A'char 


Ad'di 3 

Ag'a-ba 

A-badMon 

A-bi'jah 9 

A'chaz 6 


Ad'din 

Ag'a-bus 

Ab-a-di'as 15 

A-bi'jam 

Ach'bor 


Ad'do 

A'gag 1 11 

A-bag'tha 

Ab-i-le'ne 

A-chi-ach'a-rus 

Ad'dus 

A'gag-ite 

A'bal 

A-bim'a-el 13 

A'chim 6 


A'der 1 

A'gar 

Ab'a-naf 9 

A-bim'e-lcch 6 

A-chim'e-lech 6 

Ad'i-da 

Ag-a-renes' 

Ab'a-rim| 

A-bin'a-dab 

A'chi-or 


AMi-el 13 

Ag'e-e 7 

Ab'a-ron 

A-bin'o-am 

A-chi'iam 


A'dm 

Ag-ge'us 7 

Ab'ba 9 

A-bi'ram 

A'chish 


Ad'i-na 9 

Ag-noth-ta'bor 

Ab'da 

A-bi'rom 

Ach'i-tob, or Ach'i-tub 

Ad'i-no 

A'gur 

Ah<di 3 

A-bis'a-i 5 

A-chit'o-phel 

Ad'i-nus 

A'hab 

Ab-di'as 15 

Ab-i-se'i 

A-lcit' o-fel 


Ad'i-tha 9 

A-har'ah 9 

Ab'di-el 4 13 

Ab'i-shag 

Ach'me-tha 


Ad-i-tha'im 16 

A-har'al 

Ab'don 

A-bish'a-i 5 

A'chor 


Ad'la-i 5 

A-has'a-i 5 

A-bed'ne-go 

A-bish'a-har 

Ach'sa 9 


Ad'mah 

A-has-u-e'rus 

A'bel 1 

A-bish'a-lom 

Ach'shaph 


Ad'ma-tha 

A-ha'va 

A'bel Beth-ma'a-cah 

A-bish'u-a 13 

Ach'zib 6 


Ad'na 9 

A'haz 

A'bel Ma'im 

Ab'i-shur 

Ac'i-pha 


Ad'nah 9 

A-haz'a-i 5 

A'bel Me-ho'lath 

Ab'i-sum 

As'e-fa 7 


Ad'o-nai|| 5 

A-ha-zi'ah 15 

A'bel Mis'ra-im 16 

Ab'i-tal 

Ac'i-tho 


Ad-o-ni'as 15 

Ah'ban 

A'bel Shit'tim 

Ab'i-tub 

A-cu'a 13 


A-do-ni-be'zek 

A'her 

Ab'e-san H 

A-bi'ud 

A'cub 11 


Ad-o-ni'jah 15 

A'hi 3 

Ab'e-sar 13 

Ab'ner 

A'da 


A-don'i-kam 

A-hi'ah 

A'bez 

A'bram, or A'bra-ham$ 

A'dad 


A-don-i'ram 

A-hi'am 

Ab'ga-rus 12 

Ab'sa-lom 

Ad'a-da, or 

Ad'a-dah 9 

A-don-i-ze'dek 

A-hi-e'zer 

A'bi 3 

A-bu'bus 

Ad-ad-e'zer 


A-do'ra 9 * 

A-hi'hud 

A-bi'a, or A-bi'ah 

Ac 'cad 

Ad-ad-rim'mon 

Ad-o-ra'im 16 

A-hi'jah 

A-bi-al'bon 12 

Ac'a-ron 

A'dah 


A-do'ram 

A-hi'kam 

A-bi'a-saph 

Ac'a-tan 

Ad-a-i'ah 9 

15 

A-dram'e-lech 

A-hi'lud 

A-bi'a-thar 

Ac'ca-ron 

Ad-a-li'a 15 

A'dri-a 2 9 12 

A-him'a-az 

A'bib 

Ac'cho 6 

Ad'am 


A'dri-el 13 

A-hi'man 

A-bi'dah 9 

Ac 'cos 

Ad'a-ma, or Ad'a-mah 

A-du'el 13 

A-him 'e-lech 

Ab'i-dan 

Ae'eoz 

Ad'a-rni 3 


A-dul'lam 

A-him'e-lek 

A 'bi-el 4 12 

A-cel'da-ma 10 

Ad'a-mi Ne'keb 

A-dum'mim 

A-hi'moth 

A-bi-e'zer 12 

A-sel'da-ma 

A'dar 1 


A-e-di'as 15 

A-hin'a-dab 

A-bi-ez'rite 

A'chab 6 

Ad'a-sa 9 


Al'gypt 

A-liin'o-am 


* Aaron . — This is a word of three syllables in Labbe, who 
says it is used to be pronounced with the accent on the penul- 
timate ; but the general pronunciation of this word in English 
is in two syllables, with the accent on the first, and as if writ- 
ten A'ron. Milton uniformly gives it this syllabication and 
accent ; 

“ Till by two brethren (those two brethren call 
Moses and Aaron) sent from God to claim 
His people from inthralment.” 

Par. Lost, b. xii. v. 170. 

f \_A-hahia. — P.] 

J Abarim . — This and some other words are decided in their 
accentuation by Milton in the following verses : 

“ From Aroar to Nebo, and the wild 
Of southmost Abarim in Hesebon, 

And Horonaim, Seon’s realm, beyond 
The flowery dale of Sibmaclad with vines, 

And Eleale to th’ Asphaltic pool.” 

Par. Losty b. i. v. 407. 

“ Yet his temple high 

Rear’d in Azotus, dreaded through the coast 


Of Palestine, in Gath and Ascalon, 

And Accaron and Gaza’s frontier bounds.” — Ib. 463. 

$ Abram, or Abraham . — The first name, of two syllables, 
was the patriarch’s original name, but God increased it to 
the second, of three syllables, as a pledge of an increase in 
blessing. , The latter name, however, from the feebleness of 
the h in our pronunciation of it, and from the absence of the 
accent, is liable to such a hiatus, from the proximity of two 
similar vowels, that, in the most solemn pronunciation, we 
seldom hear this name extended to three syllables. Milton 
has but once pronounced it in this manner, but has six times 
made it only two syllables j and this may be looked upon as 
the general pronunciation. 

II Adonai. — Labbe, says his editor, makes this a word of 
three syllables only •, which, if once admitted, wdiy, says he, 
should he dissolve the Hebrew diphthong in Sada'i, Sinai, Tol- 
mai, &c., and at the same time make two syllables of the diph- 
thong in Caslcu, which are commonly united into one ? In 
this, says he, he is inconsistent with himself. — See Sinai. 

IT [AS-ne'as. — P.] 


GD8 


SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 


AM 

AN 

AR 

AS 

AV 

A-hi'o 

A'mal 

An-ti-lib'a-nus 

A-re'litcs 

Ash'nah 

A-hi'ra 9 

A-maPda 

An'ti-och 6 

A-re-op'a-gite 8 

A'shon 

A-hi'ram 

AnPa-lek 

An-ti'o-chis 

A-re-op'a-gust 

Ash'pe-naz 

A-hi'ram-ites 8 

Am'a-lek-ites 8 

An-ti'o-chus 

A'res 

Ash'ri-el 13 

A-iiis'a-mach 6 

Ahnan 

An'ti-pas 

Ar-e'tas 

Ash'ta-roth 

A-hislPa-hur 

Am'a-na 

An-tip'a-tris 

A-re'us 

Ash'te-moth 

A-hi'sham 

Am-a-ri'ah 15 

An'ti-pha 

Ar'gob 

Ash'ta-roth-ites 8 

A-hi'shar 

Am'a-sa 

An-to'ni-a 

Ar'gol 

A-shu'ath 

A-hi'tob 

A-mas'a-i 5 

An-to-thi'jah 15 

A-rid'a-i 5 

Ash'ur 

A-liit'o-phel 

Ani-a-shi^ah 15 

An'toth-ite 8 

A-rid'a-tha 

A-shu'rim 13 

A-hi^tub 

Am-a-the'is 

A'nub 

A-ri'eh 9 

Ash'ur-ites 8 

A-hi'ud 

Am'a-this 

A'nus 

A'ri-el 4 12 

A'si-a 

Ah'Iah 

Am-a-zi'ah 

Ap-a-me'a 

Ar-i-ma-the'a 

As-i-bi'as 15 

Ah'lai 5 

A'men'* 

Aph-a ra'im 16 

A'ri-och 4 

A'si-el 13 

A-ho'e, or A-ho'ab 

A'mi 3 

A-phar'sath-chites 

A-ris'a-i 5 

As'i-pha 

A-ho'ite 8 

A-min'a-dab 

A-phar'sites 8 

Ar-is-to-bu'Ius 

As'ke-lon 

A-ho'lah 

A-mit'tai 5 

A'phek 

Ark'ites 

As'ma-dai$ 5 

A-hol'ba 

A-miz^a-bad 

A-phe'kah 

Ar-ma-ged^don 

As'ma-veth 

A-hoPbah 

Am 'mail 

A-pher'e-ma 

Ar-mi-shad'a-i 

As-mo-de'us 

A-ho'li-ab 

Am-mad'a-tha 

A-pher'ra 

Ar'mon 

As-mo-ne'ans 

A-hol'i-bah 9 

Am'mi 3 

A-phi'ah 15 

Ar'nan 

As'nah 

A-ho-lib'a-mah 

Am-mid'i-oi 4 

Aph'rah 

Ar'ne-pher 

As-nap'per 

A-hu'ma-i 5 

Am'mi-el 4 

Aph'ses 

Ar'non 

A-so'chis 6 

A-hu'zam 

Am-mi'hud 

A-poc'a-lypse 

A'rod 

A'som 

A-liuz'zah 

Am-i-shad'da-i 5 

A-poc'ry-pha 

Ar'o-di 3 

As'pa-tha 

A'i 3 

Am'mon 

A-poPlos 

Ar'o-cr 

As'phar 

A-i'ah 15 

Am'mon-ites 

A-poPly-on 

A'rom 

As-phar'a-sus 

A-i'ath 

Am non 

A-pol'yon 

Ar'pad, or Ar'phad 

As'ri-el 13 

A-i'ja 

A'mok 

Ap'pa-im 15 

Ar'sa-ces 

As-sa-bi'as 15 

A-i' jah 

A'mon 

Ap'phi-a 3 

Ar-phax'ad 

As-saPi-moth 

Ai'ja-Ion 

Am'o-rites 8 

Aph'e-a 

Ar'tc-mas 

As-sa-ni'u3 15 

Ad'ja-lon 

A'mos 

Ap'phus 

Ar'u-both 

As-si-de'ans 13 

Ai j'e-leth Sha'har 

Am'pli-as 

Aph'us 

A-ru'mah 13 

As'sir 

Afi'je-leth 

Am'ram 

Aq'ui-la 

Ar'vad 

As'sos 

A'in 5 

Am'ram-ites 8 

Ar 

Ar'vad-ites 8 

As'ta-roth 

A-i'oth 

Am'ran 

A'ra 

Ar'za 

Ash'ta-roth 

A-i'rus 

Am'ra-phel 

A'rab 

A'sa 

As-tar'te 

Ak'kub 

Am'zi 3 

Ar'a-bah 

As-a-di'as 

As'tath 

Ak-rab'bim 

A'nab 

Ar-a-bat'ti-ne 

As'a-el 13 

A-sup'pim 

A-lam'e-lech 6 

An'a-cl 11 

A-ra'bi-a 

As'a-hel 

A-syn'cri-tus 

Al'a-meth 

A'nah 

A 'rad 

As-a-i'ah 5 

A'tad 

Al'a-moth 

An-a-ha'rath 

A'rad-ito 8 

As'a-na 

At'a-rah 

APci-mus 

An-a-i'ah 5 15 

Ar'a-dus 

A'saph 

A-tar'ga-tis 

APe-ma 

A'nak 

A rah 1 

As'a-phar 

At'a-roth 

A-le'mcth 

An'a-kims 

A 'ram 

As'a-ra 

A'ter 

Al-ex-an'dri-a 

An'a-mim 

A'ran 

A-sar'eol 13 

At-c-re-zi'as 15 

Al-ex-an'dri-on 

A-nam'c-Iech G 

Ar'a-rat 

As-a-re'lah 

A'thack 

Al-le-lu'jah 

A'nan 

A-rau'nah 

As-baz'a-reth • 

Ath-a-i'ah 15 

AL-le-lu'yah 5 

An-a'ni 

Ar'ba, or Ar'bah 

As'ca-lon 

Ath-a-li'ah 15 

A-PPah 

An-a-ni'ah 15 

Ar'bal 

A-se'as 

Ath-a-ri'as 15 

A-li'an 

An-a-ni'as 

Ar-bat'tis 

As-e-bi'a 

Ath-e-no'oi-us 

A 1' lorn 

A-nan'i-el 13 

Ar-be'la (in Syria) 

A-seb e-bi'a 15 

Ath'ens 

APlon Bac'huth 

A'nath 

Ar-bePla 

As'e-nath 

Ath'lai 5 

Al-mo'dad 

A-nath'e-maf 

Ar'bite 8 

A'ser 

At'roth 

APmon Dib-la-tha'im 15 

An'a-thoth 

Ar-bo'nai 5 

A-se'rar 

At'tai 5 

APna-than 

An'a-thoth-ite 8 

Ar-che-la'us 

Ash-a-bi'ah 15 

At-te-li'a 15 

A'loth 

An 'drew 

Ar-ches'tra-tus 

A'shan 

At'ta-lus 

APpha 

A'nem, or A'nen 

Ar'che-vites 8 

Ash'be-a 

At-thar'a-tes 

Al-phe'us 

A'ner 

Ar'chi 3 

Ash'bel 

Au'gi-a 4 

Al-ta-ne'us 

A'nes 

Ar-chi-at'a-roth 

Ash'bel-ites 8 

Au-ra-ni'tis 

Al-tas'cliith 6 

A'neth 

Ar-chip'pus 

Ash'dod ' 

Au-ra'nus 

APte-kon 

A'ni-am 

Arch'ites 8 

Ash'doth-ites 8 

Au-te'us 

APvah, or APvan 

A'nim 

Ard 

Ash'doth Pis'gah 

A'va 

A'lush 

An'na 9 

Ar'dath 

A'she-an 

Av'a-ran 

A^mad 

An'na-as 

Ard'ites 8 

Ash'er 

A'ven 

A-mad^a-tha 

An'nas 

Ar'don 

Ash'i-math 

A'vim 

A-mad'a-thus 

An-nu'us 13 

A-re'li 3 

Ash'ke-naz 

A'vims 


* Jimen . — Tlio only simple word in the language which has 
necessarily two successive accents. 

t Anathema . — Those who are not acquainted with the pro- 
found researches of verbal critics would bo astonished to ob- 
serve what waste of learning has been bestowed on this word 
by Labbe, in order to show that it ought to bo accented on the 
antepenultimate syllable. This pronunciation has been adopt- 
ed by English scholars ; thougli some divines have been heard 
from the pulpit to give it the penultimate accent, which so 
readily unites it in a trochaic pronunciation with Maranatha^ 
in the first Epistle of St. Paul to the Corinthians : “ If any 
man love not the Lord Jesus Christ, let him be Anathema 
maranatha.^^ 

X Areopagus . — There is a strong propensity in English read- 
ers of the New Testament to pronounce this word w’ith the ac- 
cent on the penultimate syllable, and even some foreign scholars 
have contended that it ought to be so pronounced, from its der- 
ivation from "ApftOf irayav, the Doric dialect for npyfiv, the 
fountain of Mars, which was on a hill in Athens, rather than 
from "Apctog Trayo?, the hill of Mars. But Labbe very justly de- 
spises this derivation, and says, that, of all the ancient writers, 
none have said that the Areopagus w’as derived from a foun- 
tain, or from a country near to a fountain ; but all have con- 
fessed that it came from a hill, or the summit of a rock, on 
which this famous court of judicature was built. Vossius 
tells us, that St. Augustine, Dc Civ. Dei, 1. x. cap. 10, calls 


this word pagum Martis^ the Village of Mars, and that ho fell 
into this error because the Latin word pagxis signifies a village 
or street ; bui, says he, the Greek word signifies a hill, which, 
perhaps, was so called from naya or npyri (that is, fountain), 
because fountains usually take their rise on hills. Wrong, 
however, as this derivation may be, he tells us it is adopted 
by no less scholars than Beza, Budaeus, and Sigonius. And 
this may show us the uncertainty of etymology in language, 
and the security of general usage ; but in the present case, both 
etymology and usage conspire to place the accent on the ante- 
penultimate syllable. Agreeably to this usage, we find the 
prologue to a play observe, that, 

“ The critics are assembled in the pit, 

And form an Areopagus of wit.” 

$ Asmadai. — Mr. Oliver has not inserted this word, but we 
have it in Milton ; 

“ On each wing 

Uriel and Raphael his vaunting foe. 

Though huge, and in a rock of diamond arm’d. 
Vanquish’d, Adramelech and AsmadaU^ 

Par. Lost, b. vi. v. 365. 

Whence we may guess the poet’s pronunciation of it in three 
syllables ; the diphthong sounding like the ai in daily . — See 
Rule 5, and the words Sinai and Adonai. 


SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 


999 


BA 

A'vites 8 

A'vith 

Az-a-e'lus 

A'zah 

A'zal 

Az-a-Ii'ah 15 

Az-a*ni'ah 15 

A-za'plu-on 

Az'a-ra 

A-za' re-el 

Az-a-ri'ah 15 

Az-a-ri'as 15 

A'zaz 

A-za'zel* 

Az-a-zi'ah 15 

Az-baz'a-reth 

Az'bulc 

A-ze'kah 9 

A'zel 

A^zem 

Az-e-phu'rith 

A'zer 

A-ze'tas 

Az'gad 

A-zi'a 15 

A-zi'e-i 

A'zi-el 13 

A-zi'za 

Az'ma-veth 

Az'mon 

Az'iioth Ta'bor 

A'zor 

A-ZO'tU3 

Az'ri-el 13 

Az'ri-kam 

A-zu'bah 

A'zur 

Az'u-ran 

Az^y-mites 

Az'zah 

Az'zati 

Az'zur 


B. 

BA'AL, or Bel 
Ba'al-ah 
Ba'al-ath 
Ba'al-ath Be'er 
Ba'al Be'rith 
Ba'al-le 
Ba'al Gad' 

Ba'al Ham'on 
Ba'al Han'an 
Ba'al Ha'zor 
Ba'al Her'non 
Ba'al-i 3 

Ba'al-im. — Milton. 
Ba'al-is 
Ba'al Me'on 
Ba'al Pe'or 
Ba'al Per'a-zim 
Ba'al Shal'i-slia 
Ba'al Ta'niar 
Ba'al Ze'bub 
Ba'al Zo'phon 
Ba'a-na 
Ba'a-nah 
Ba'a-nan 
Ba'a-nath 
Ba-a-ni'aa 15 
Ba'a-ra 
Ba'a-sha 9 
Ba'a-shah 
Ba-a-si'ah 15 


BE 

Ba'bel 
Ba'bi 3 
Bab'y-lon 
Ba'ca 

Bacb'rites 8 
Bac-cliu'rus 
Bach'utli Al'lon 
Ba-go'as 
Bag'o-i 3 5 
Ba-ha'rum-ite 8 
Ba-hu'riin 
Ba'jith 
Bak-bak'er 
Bak'buk 
Bak-buk-i'ah 15 
Ba'la-am 16 
Ba'lam^ 

Bal'a-dan 

Ba'lali 9 

Ba'lak 

Bal'a-mo 

Bal'a-nus 

Bal-tha'sar 11 

Ba'mah 

Ba'moth 

Ba'moth Ba'al 

Ban 

Ba'ni 3 
Ba'nid 

Ban-a-i'as 15 

Ban'nus 

Ban'u-as 

Ba-rab'bas 

Bar'a-chel 6 

Bar-a-chi'ah 15 

Bar-a-clii'as 

Ba'rak 

Bar-ce'nor 

Bar'go 

Bar-hu'mites 8 

Ba-ri'ah 15 

Bar-je'sus 

Bar-jo'na 

Bar'kos 

Bar'na-bas 

Ba-ro'dis 

Bar'sa-bas 

Bar'ta-cus 

Bar-thol'o-mcw 

Bar-ti-me'u9 

Ba'ruch 6 

Bar-zil'la-i 5 

Bas'ca-ma 

Ba'slian, or Bas'san 

Ba'shan Ha'votli Fa'ir 

Bash'e-math 

Bas'lith 

Bas'math 

Bas'sa 

Bas'ta-i 5 

Bat'a-no 

Bath 

Bath'a-loth 
Bath-rab'bim 
Bath'she-ba 
Bath'shu-a 13 
Bav'a-i 5 
Be-a-li'ah 15 
Be'a-loth 
Be 'an 
Beb'a-i 5 
Be'cher 
Be'ker 6 
Bech-o'rath 
Bech'ti-leth 
Be'dad 

Bed-a-i'ah 15 


BE 

Be-el-i'a-da 

Be-el'sa-rus 

Be-el-teth'mus 

Be-el'ze-bubt 

Be'er 

Be-e'ra 

Be-e'rah, or Be'rah 

Be-er-e'lim 

Be-e'ri 3 

Be-er-la-ha'i-roi 

Be-e'roth 

Be-e'roth-ites 8 

Be-er'she-ba$ 

Be-esh'te-raU 

Be'he-moth 

Be'kuh 9 

Be'la 

Bo'lah 

Be'la-ites 8 

Bel'e-mus 

Bel'ga-i 5 

Be'Ii-al 13 

Bel'ma-im 16 

Bel 'men 

Bel-shaz'zar 

Bel-te-shaz'zar 

Ben 

Ben-ai'ah 5 

Ben-am'mi 3 

Ben-eb'e-rak 

Ben-e-ja'a-kam 

Ben 'ha-dad 

Ben-ha'il 

Ben-ha'nan 

Ben'ja-min 

Ben'ja-mite 8 

Ben'ja-mites 

Ben'i-nu 

Ben-u'i 3 14 

Be'no 

Be-no'ni 3 

Ben-zo'heth 

Be'on 

Be 'or 

Be'ra 

Ber'a-chah 6 9 
Ber-a-chi'ah 15 
Ber-a-i'ah 15 
Be-re'a 
Be 'red 
Bo'ri 3 
Bo-ri'ah 15 
Be'rites 8 
Be'rith 
Ber-ni'ce 

Be-ro'dach Bal'a-dan 

Be'roth 

Bcr'o-thai 5 

Be-ro'thath 

Ber'yl 

Ber-ze'lus 

Be'zai 5 

Bes-o-dei'ah 9 15 

Be'sor 

Be'tah 

Be'ten 

Beth-ab'a-ra 

Beth-ab'a-rah 9 

Beth'a-nath 

Beth'a-noth 

Beth'a-ny 

Beth'a-ne 

Beth-ar'a-bah 9 

Beth'a-ram 

Beth-ar'bel 

Both-a'ven 

Beth-az'ma-veth 


BI 

Beth-ba-a 1-me'on 

Beth-ba'ra 

Beth-ba'rah 9 

Beth'ba-si 3 

Beth-bir'e-i 3 

Beth'car 

Beth-da'gon 

B(;th-dib-Ia-tha'im 

Beth'el 

Bcth'el-ite 

Beth-e'mek 

Be'iher 

Beth-es'da 

Beth-e'zel 

Beth-ga'der 

Beth-ga'mul 

Beth-hac'ce-rim 7 

Bcth-hak‘ ser-iin 

Beth-ha'ran 

Beth-hog'lah 9 

Beth-ho'ron 

Beth-jes'i-moth 

Beth-leb'a-oth 

Beth'le-hem 

Beth'le-hem Eph'ra-tah 

Beth'le-hem Ju'dah 

Both'le-hem-ite 8 

Beth-lo'mon 

Beth-ma'a-cah 9 

Beth-mar'ca-both 

Beth-me'on 

Beth-nim'rah 9 

Beth-o'von 

Beth-pa'let 

Beth-paz'zer 

Beth-pe'or 

Beth'pha-gell 12 

Beth'fa~je 10 

Beth'phe-let 

Beth'ra-bah 9 

Beth'ra-pha 9 

Beth 're-hob 

Bcth-sa'i-dalT 9 

Beth'sa-mos 

Beth'shan 

Beth-she'an 

Beth'she-mesh 

Beth-shit'tah 9 

Beth'si-mos 

Beth-tap'pu-a 

Beth-su'ra 14 

Be-thu'el 14 

Be'thul 

Beth-u-li'a 5 

Beth'zor 

Beth'zur 

Be-to'li-us 

Bet-o-mes'tham 

Bet'o-nim 

Be-u'lah 

Be'zai 5 

Be-zal'e-eP* 

Be'zek 

Be'zer, or Boz'ra 

Be'zeth 

Bi 'a-tas 

Bich'ri 3 6 

Bid'kar 

Big'tha 

Big'than 

Big'tha-na 

Big'va-i 5 

Bil'dad 

Bil'o-am 

Bil'gah 

Bil'ga-i 5 

Bil'ha, or Bil'hah 


CA 

Bil'han 

Bil'shan 

Bim'hal 

Bin'e-a 9 

Bin'nu-i 3 14 

Bir'sha 

Bir'za-vith 

Bish'laiu 

Bi-thi'ah 15 

Bith'ron 

Biz-i-jo-thi'ah 15 

Biz-i-jo-thi'jah 

Biz'tha 

Blas'tus 

Bo-a-ner'ges 

Bo'az, or Bo'oz 

Boc'cas 

Boch'e-ru 6 

Bo'chim 6 

Bo'han 

Bos'cath 

Bo'sor 

Bos'o-ra 

Bos'rah 9 

Bo'zez 

Boz'rah 

Brig'an-dine 

Buk'ki 3 

Buk-ki'ah 15 

Bnl, rhymes dull 

Bu'nah 

Bun'ni 3 

Buz 

Bu'zi 3 
Buz'ite 8 


c. 

CAB 

Cab'bon 

Cab'ham 

Ca'bul. — See Bul 

Cad'dis 

Ca'des 

Ca'desh 

Cai'a-phas 5 

Cain 

Ca-i'nanft 

Cui'rites 8 

Ca'lah 

Cal'a-mus 

Cal'col 

Cal-dees' 

Ca'leb 

Ca'leb Eph'ra-tah 

Cal'i-tas 

Cal-a-mol'a-lus 

Cal'neth 

Cal'no 

Cal'phi 3 

Cal'va-ry 

CaVva-re 

Ca'mon 

Ca'na 

Ca'na-anJt 

Ca'na-an-ites 8 

Can'nan-ites 

Can'neh 9 

Can'nee 

Can'veh 9 

Can'vee 

Ca-per'na-um^$ 1 
Caph-ar-sal'a-ma 
Ca-phen'a-tha 9 
! Ca-phi'ra 9 


* Jiiazel . — This word is not in Mr. Oliver’s Lexicon ; but 
Milton makes’ use of it, and places the accent on the second 
syllable ; 

“ that proud honour claim’d 

Aiaiel as his right ; a cherub tall.” 

Par. Lostj b. i. v. 534. 
f See Canaan, Aaron, and Israel. 

J [Beel'zebub. — F. & K.] $ [Beer'sheba. — F. & K.] 

II Bethphage . — This word is generally pronounced by the 
illiterate in two syllables, and witliout the second A, as if writ- 
ten Beth'page. [Perry makes but two syllables of this word, 
sounding the h. — -Ed.] 

^ \Beth-sai'da.—P.] ** [Bei'a-leel.-^P. F. & K.] 

ft [ Cai'nart.— P.] 


Canaan . — This word is not unfrequently pronounced in 
three syllables, with the accent on the second. But Milton, 
who in his Paradise Lost has introduced this word six times, 
has constantly made it two syllables, w.th the accent on the 
first. This is perfectly agreeable to the syllabication and ac- 
centuation of Isaac and Balaam^ which are always heard in 
two syllables. This suppression of a syllable in the latter 
part of these words arises from the absence of accent : an ac- 
cent on the second syllable would prevent the hiatus arising 
from the two vowels, as it does in Baal and Baalim.^ which aro 
always heard in two and three syllables respectively. — See 
Adonai. [Both Perry and Fulton and Knight make but two 
syllables of this word. — Ed.] 

Capernaum . — This word is often, but improperly, pro- 
nounced with the accent on the penultimate. 


1000 SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 


CH 

DA 

EB 

EL 

ER 

Caph'tor 

Che-suPloth 

Da'bri-a 

E-bod'me-lech 

E-lis'a-beth 

Caph'to-rim 

Chet'tim 

Da-co'bi 3 

Eb-en-e'zer 

El-i-88B'US 

Caph'to-rims 

Che'zib 

Dad-de'us 

E'ber 

El-i-se'us 

Cap-pa-do'ci-a 

Chi'don 

Da'gon 

E-bi'a-sapb 

E-li'sha 9 

Cap-pa-do' she-a 

ChiPle-ab 

Dai'san 5 

E-bro'nah 

E-li'shah 

Car-8.-ba^si-on 

Chi-li'on 

Dal-a-i'ah 5 

E-ca'nus 

E-lish'a-ma 

Car-a-ba'ze-on 

ChiPmad 

DaPi-lah 

Ec-bat'a-na 

E-lish'a-mah 

Car'cha-mis 6 

Chim'ham 

Dal-ma-nu'tha 

Ec-cle-si-as'tes 

E-lish'a-phat 

Car'chc-mish 6 

Chis'leu, Cas'leu, or 

DaPphon 

Ec-cle-si-as'ti-cua 

E-lish'e-ba 

Ca-re'ah 9 

Cis'leu 

Dam'a-ris 

Ed 

El-i-shu'a 13 

Cahi-a 

Chis^lon 

Dam-a-scenes^ 

E'dar 

E-lis'i-mus 

Car'kas 

Chis'loth Ta'bor 

Dan 

E'den 

E-li'u 

Car-ma'ni-ans 

Chit^tim 

Dan'ites 8 

E'der 

E-li'ud 

Car'me 

Chi'un 

Dan^i-el 13 

E'des 

E-liz'a-phan 

Car'mel 

Ch\o'e 

Dan-ja'an 

E'di-as 

E-li'zur 

Car'mel-ite 8 

Cho'ba 

Dan'nah 

Ed'na 

EPka-nah 

Car'mel-i-tess 

Cho-ra'sin, or Cho-ra'- 

Dan'o-brath 

E'dom 

EPko-shite 8 

Car'mi 3 

shan, or Cho-ra^zin 

Daba 

E'dom-ites 8 

EPla-sar 

Car'mites 3 

Chos-a-me'us 

DarMa 

Ed're-i 3 

EPmo-dam 

Car'na-ira 15 

Cho-ze'ba 

Da'ri-an 

Eg'Iah 

EPna-am 

Car'ni-on 

Christ 

Dar'kon 

Eg'la-im 16 

EPna-than 

Car'pus 

Chub 6 

Da'than 

Eg Ion 

E'lon 

Car-she'na 

Kub 

Dath'e-mah, oi 

E'gypt 

E'lon-ites 8 

Ca-siph'i-a 

Chun 

Dath'mah 

E'hi 3 

E'lon Bcth'ha-nan 

Cas'leu 

Chu'sa, or Chu'za 

David 

E'hud 

E'loth 

Cas'lu-bim 

Chush'an Rish-a-tha'- 

De'bir 

E'ker 

EPpa-al 

Cas'phor 

im 15 

Deb'o-rahf 

Ek're-bel 

EPpa-Jet 

Cas'pis, or Cas^phin 

Chu'si 

De-cap'o-lis 

Ek'ron 

El-pa'ran 

Ca-thu^ath 13 

Cin'ner-eth, or Cin'- 

De'dan 

Ek'ron-ites 8 

EPte-keh 9 

Ce'dron 7 

ner-oth 

Ded'a-nim 

E'la 

EPte-keth 

Cei*lan . 

Cir'a-ma 

Ded'a-nims 

EPa-dah 

EPte-kon 

Oe-le-mi'a 9 

Ci'sai 5 

De-ha^vites 8 

E'lah 

EPto-lad 

Cen'cre-a 6 

Cis^lcu 

De'kar 

E'lam 

E'lul 

Cen-de-be^U3 

Cith'e-ru9 

Del-a-i'ah 5 

E'lam-ites 8 

E-lu'za-i 5 

Cen-tu'ri-on 

(!!)it'tims 

DePi-lah 

EPa-sah 9 

El y-ma'is 

Ce'phas 

Clau'da 

De'mas 

E'lath 

EPy-mas 

Oc'ras 

Cle-a'sa 

Der'be 

El-beth'el 

EPza-bad 

Ce'teb 

Clem'ent 

Des'sau 

EPci-a 

EPza-phan 

Cha'bris 6 

Cle'o-phas 

De-u'el 17 

El'shs-a 

Em-al-cu'el 17 

Cha'di-as 

Clo'e 

De u-te r-on 'o-my 

EPda-ah 

E-man'u-el 17 

Chae're-as 

Cni'clus 

DibMa-im 16 

EPdad 

E'mims 

ChaPce-do-ny 

J\ri'dus 

Dib'lath 

E'le-ad 

Em'ma-us|| 

Chahcol 

Col-ho'zeh 9 

Di'bon 

E-le-a'leh 9 * 

Em'mer 

Chal-de'a 

CoPli-us 

Di'bon Gad 

E-le-a'le. — Milton. 

E'mor 

Chabies 

Co-los'se 

Dib'ri 3 

E-le'a-sah 9 - 

E'nam 

Chan-nu-ne'us 

Co-los'si-ans 

Dib'za-hab, or Diz^a-hab 

E-le-a'zer 

E'nan 

Char-a-ath'a-lar 

Co-losh' e-ans 

Di 'drachm 

E-le-a-zu'rus 

En'dor 

Char'a-ca 

Co-ni'ah 15 

Di'dram 

El-el-o'he Is'ra~el 

E'ne-asIT 

Char'a-sim 

Con-o-ni'ah 

Did'y-mus 6 

E-lu'the-rus 

En-eg-la'im 16 

Char'cus 

Co'os 

Dik'lah, or DiPdah 

El-eu-za'i 3 5 

En-e-mos'sar 

Cha're-a 

Cor 

DiPe-an 

El-ha'nan 

E-ne'ni-as 

Char'mis 

Cor'be 

Dim'nah 

E'li 3 

En-gan'nira 

Char'ran 

Cor'ban 

Di'mon 

E'li-ab 

En'ge-di 7 

Chas'e-ba 13 

Co're 

Di-mo'nah 9 

E-Ii'a-da 

En-had'dah 9 

Che'bar 6 

Cor'inth 

Di'nah 9 

E-li-a-dah 

En-hak'ko-re 

Ched-er-la'o-mer* 

Co-rin'thi-ans 

Di'na-ites 8 

E-li'a-dun 

En-ha'zor 

Che'lal 

Co'sam 

Din'ha-bah 9 

E-li'ah 9 

En-mish'pat 

Chel'ci-as 

Cou'tha 

Di-ot're-phest 

E-li'ah,-ba 9 

E'noch 6 

Kel'she-as 

Coz 

Di'shan 

E-li'a-kim 

E'nock 

ChePlub 

Coz'bi 3 

Di'shon 

E-li'a-li 3 

E'non 

Che'lod 

Cres'cens 

Diz'a-hab 

E-li'am 

E'nos 

Che'lnb 

Crete 

Do'cus 

E-li'as 15 

E'nosh 

ChePli-ans 

Cre'tans 

Dod'a-i 5 

E-li'a-saph 

En-rim'mon 

ChePlus 

Cretes 

Dod'a-nim 

E-li'a-sbib 

En-ro'ge\ 13 

Che-lu'bai 5 

Cre'ti-ans 

Dod'a-vah 9 

E-li'a-sis 

En'she-inesh 

Che-lu'bar 

Cre'she-ans 

Do'do 

E-li'a-tha, or E-Ii'a-thah 

En-tap'pa-ah 9 

Chem'a-rims 

Cu'bit 

Do'eg 

E-li-a'zar 

Ep'a-phras 

Che'mosh ^ 

Cush 

Doph'kah 9 

E-li'dad 

E-paph-ro-di'tus 

Che-na'a-nah 9 

Cu'shan 

Dor 

E'li-el 13 

E-pen 'e-tus 

Chen'a-ni 3 

Cu'shan Rish-a-tha'- 

Do'ra 

E-li-e'na-i 5 

E'phah 

Chen-a-ni'ah 15 

im 15 

Dor'cas 

E-li-e'zer 

E'phai 5 

Che'pbar Ha-am'rao- 

Cu'shi 3 

Do-rym'e-nes 

E-li'ha-ba 

E'pher 

nai 5 

Cuth, or Outh'ah 

Do-sith'e-us 

El-i-hae'na 5 

E'phes-dam'min 

Cheph-i'rah 6 9 

CiPthe-ans 

Do'tha-im, or Do'- 

El-i-ho'reph 

Eph'lal 

Che'ran 

Cy^a-mon 

than 16 

E-li'hu 

E'phod 

Che're-as 

Cy^re'ne 

Du'mah 9 

E-li'jah 9 

E'phor 

Cher'eth-ims 

Cy-re'ni-us 

Du'ra 

£Pi-ka 

Eph'pha-tha 

Cher'eth-ites 8 



E'lim 

E'phra-im 16 

Che'rith, or Che'rish 



E-lim 'e-lech 6 

E'phra-im-ites 8 * 

Cher'ub 6 



E-Ii-ae'na-i 5 

Eph'ra-tah** 

Cher'u-bim 

D. 

E. 

E-li-o'nas 

Eph'rath 

Ches^a-lon 



EPi-phal 

Eph'rath-ites 8 

Che'sed 

DAB^A-REH 9 

E'A-NAS 

E-liph'a-leh 9 

E'phron 

Che'sil 

Dab'ba-sheth 

E'bal 

E-li'phaz$ 

Er 

Che'sud 

Dab'e-rath 

E'bed 

E-liph'e-let 

E'ran 


* [Clied-er-la-o'mer, — P.] 

I Deborah. — The learned editor of Labbe tells us, that this 
word has the penultimate long, both in Greek and Hebrew ; 
and yet he observes that our clergy, when reading the Holy 
Scriptures to the people in English, always pronounce it with 
the accent on the first syllable ; “ and why not,” says he, 
“ when they place the accent on the first syllable of orator ^ 
audlto7'j jxnd successor “But,” continues he, “I suppose 


they accent them otherwise when they speak Latin.” Who 
doubts it ? 

J [Di-o-treph'es, — P.] $ lEVi~phai. — P.] 

II Emmans — This -word is often very improperly pronounoea 
in two syllables, as if divided into Em'maus. 

IT [£-7ie'as. — P.] ** \Eph-ra'tah. — P.] 





SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 


1001 


GA 

E'ran-ites 8 
E-ras'tu3 
E'rech 6 
E'ri 3 
E^sa 

E-sa'i-as 5 

E'sar-hadMon 

E'sau 

Es'dras 

Es-dre'lon 13 

Es'e-bon 

E-se'bri-as 

E'sek 

Esh'ba-al 

Esh'ban 

Esh'col 

E'siie-an 

E'shek 

Esh'ka-lon 

Esh/ta-ol 

Esh'tau-lites 8 

Esh-tem'o-a 

Esh'te-moth 

Esh'ton 

Es'li 3 

Es-ma-chi'ah 15 

E-so'ra 

Es'ril 

Es'rom 

Es-senes' 8 

Est'ha-ol 

Es'ther 

Es'tevs 

E'tam 

E'tbam 

E'than 

Eth'a-nim 

Eth'ba-al 

E'ther 

Eth'ma 

Eth'nan 

Eth^iii 3 

Eu-as'i-bus 

Eu-bu'lus* 

Eu'na-than 

Eu-ni'ce 

Eu-o'di-as 

Eu-pol'e-mu3 

Eu-rocOy-don 

Eu'ty-chus 

Eve 

E'vi 3 

E'vil Mer-o'dachf 

Ex'o-dus 

E'zar 

Ez'ba-i 3 5 

Ez'bon 

Ez-e-chi'as 

E.z-e-ki'as 

E-ze'ki-el 13 

E'zel 

E'zem 

E^zer 

Ez-e-ri'as 15 
E-zi'as 15 
E'zi-on Ge'bar, or 
E'zi-on-ge'ber 
Ez'nite 8 
Ez'ra 

Ez'ra-hite 8 
Ez'ri 3 
Ez'ri-el 13 
Ez'ril 

Ez^ron, or Hez'ron 
Ez'ron-ites 8 


G. 

GA'AL 

Ga'ash 

Ga'ba 

Gab'a-el 13 

Gab'a-tha 

Gab'bai 5 

Gab'ba-tha 

Ga'bri-as 

Ga'bri-el 13 

Gad 

Gad'a-ra 
Gad-a-rcnes' 8 


GE 

Gad^des 

Gad'di-el 13 

Ga'di 3 

Gad'ites 8 

Ga'ham 

Ga'har 

Ga'i-us 

Oa'yus 

Gal'a-ad 

Ga'lal 

Gal'e-ed 

GaPga-la 

GaFi-lee 

Gal'lim 

Gal'li-o 

Gam'a-el 13 

Ga-nia Mi-el 13 

Gam'ma-dims 

Ga'mul 

Gar 

Ga'reb 

GarM-zim 

Gar'mites 8 

Gash^mu 

Ga'tam 

Gath 

Gath He'pher 

Gath Rim'mon 

GauMan 

GauMoii 

Ga'za 

Gaz'a-bar 

Ga-za'ra 

Ga'zath-ites 8 

Ga^zer 

Ga-ze'ra 13 

Ga'zez 

GazMtes 8 

Gaz'zam 

Ge'ba 7 

Ge'bal 

Ge'bar 

Ge'ber 

Ge'bim 

Ged-a-li'ah 15 

Ged'dur 

Ge'dcr 

Ge de'rah 14 
Ged'e-rite 8 
Ge-de'roth 13 
Ged-e-roth-aMm 16 
Ge'dir 
Ge'dor 

Ge-ha'zi 7 13 

GelM-loth 

Ge-malMi 3 

Gem-a-ri^ah 15 

Ge-ne'zar 13 

Ge-nes'a-reth 7 

Gen'e-sis 

Jen' e-sis 

Gen-ne'us 

Gon-u'bath 

Gen'tiles 8 

Jen'tiles 

Ge'on 

Ge'ra 

Ge'rah 9 

Ge'rar 

Ger^a-sa 9 

Ger'ga-shi 3 

Ger'ga-shites 8 

Ger-ge-senes' 8 

GerM-zim 7 

Ger'rin-i-ans 

Ger-rae'ans 

Ger'shom 

Ger'shon 

Ger^shon-ites 8 

Ger'shur 

Ge'sem 

Ge^shan 

Ge'shem 

Ge'shur 

Gesh'u-ri 3 

Gesh'u-rites 8 

Ge'thur 

Geth-o-li'as 15 
Geth-sem'a-ne 
Ge-u'el 17 
Ge'zer 

Ge'zer-ites 8 


HA 

Gi'ah 

Gib'bar 

Gib'be-thon 

Gib'e-a 9. 

Gib'e-ah 9 

Gib'e-ath 

Gib'e-on 

Gib'e-on-ites 8 

GibMites 8 

Gid-dalMi 3 

Gid'del 

Gid^e-on 7 

Gid-e-o'ni 3 

Gi'dom 

Gi'er Ea'glo 

Jy'er Ea^le 

GiMioii 

Gil'a-lai 5 

Gihbo-a 

Gil^e-ad 

GiFe-ad-ite 8 

Gil 'gal 7 

GiMoh 9 

GiMo-nite 8 

Gim'zo 

Gi'nath 

Gin'no-tho 

GinMie-thon 

Gir'ga-shi 3 

Gir'ga-shites 8 

Gis'pa 9 

Git'tah He'pher 

GitMa-itn 15 

GitMite 

Git'tites 8 

Git'tith 

Gi'zo-nite 8 

Glede 

Gni'dus 

JVi'dus 

Go'ath 

Gob 

Gog 

GoMan 

GoFgo-tha 

Go-li'ah 9 

Go-li'ath 

Go'mer 

Go-mor^rah 

Go'pher wood 

Gor'gi-as 

Oor'je-as 

Gcr'ty-na 

Go'shen 

Go-thonM-el 13 

Go'zan 

Gra'ba 

Gre'ci-a 9 

Ore'she-a 

Gud'go-dah 

Gu'ni 3 

Gu'nites 8 

Gur 

Gur-ba'al 


H. 

HA-A-HASH'TA-RI 

Ha-bai'ah 5 
Ilab'ak-kuk 
Hab-a-zi-ni'ah 15 
Ha-ber'ge-on 
Ha'bor 

Hach-a-li'ah 15 
HachM-lah 
Hach'mo-ni 3 
Hach'mo-nite 8 
Ha'da 
HaMad 
Had-ad-e'zer 
HaMad Rim'raon 
Ha^ar 
Had'a-shah 
Ha-das'sa 9 
Ha-das'sah 
Ha-datMah 9 
Ha'did 
HadMa-i 5 
Ha-do 'ram 
Ha'drach 6 


HA 

Ha'gab 
Hag'a-bah 9 
Hag'a-i 5 
Ha'gar 

Ha-gar-enes’ 8 
Ha'gar-ites 8 
Hag'ga-i 5 
Hag'ge-ri 3 
Hag'gi 3 
Hag-gi'ah 15 
Hag'gites 8 
Hag'gith 
HaM 5 
Hak'ka-tan 
Hak'koz 
Ha-ku'pha 13 
HaMah 9 
HaMac 
HalMul 
HaMi 3 
Hal-Ie-lu'jah 
Hal-le-lu' yah 
Hal-lo'esh 
Ham 
Ha'man 

Ha'math, or He'math 
Ha'math-ite 8 
Ha'math Zo'bah 
Ham'math 
Ham-med'a-tha 
Ham'e-lech 6 
Ham'i-tal 
Ham-moFe-keth 
Ham'mon 
Ham'o-nah 
Hahnon Gog 
Ha'mor 
Ha 'moth 
Ha'moth Dor 
Ha-mu'el 17 
Ha'mul 
Ha'mul-ites 8 
Ha-mu'tal 
Ka-nam'e-el 13 
Ha'nan 

Ha-nan'e-el 13 
Han'a-ni 3 
Han-a-ni'ah 15 
Ha'nes 
HanM-el 13 
Han'nah 9 
Han'na-thoii 
Han-ni-el 13 
Ha'noch 
Ha'noch-ites 8 
Ha'nun 

Haph-a-raMm 15 
Ha'ra 

Har'a-dah 9 

Har-a-i'ah 15 

Ha'ran 

Ha'ra-rite 8 

Har-bo'na 

Har-bo'nah 

Ha'reph 

Ha'retli 

Har'has 

Har'ha-ta 9 

Har'hur 

Ha'rim 

Ha'riph 

Har'ne-pher 

Ha'rod 

Ha'rod-ite 8 

Har'o-eh 9 

Ha'ro-rite 8 

Har'o-sheth 

Har'sha 9 

Ha'rum 

Ha-ru'maph 

Ha-ru'phite 8 

Ha'ruz 

Has-a-di'ah 15 
Has-c-nu'ah 13 
Hash-a-bi'ah 15 
Hash-ab'nah 9 
Hash-ab-ni'ah 15 
Hash-bad'a-na 9 
Ha'shem 
Hash-mo'nah 9 
Ha'shum 
Ha-shu'pha 9 


HE 

Has'rah 
Has-svna'ah 9 
Ha-su'plia 9 
Ha'tach 6 
Ha' tack 
Ha'thath 
HatM-ta 
Hat'til 
Hat-ti'pha 
Hat'tush 
Hau'ran 
HavM-lah 9 
Ha'voth Ja'ir 
Haz'a-el 13 
Ha-zai'ah 5 
Ha'zar Ad'dar 
Ha'zar E'nan 
Ha'zar Gad'dah 
Ha'zar Hat'ti-con 
Ha'zar Ma'veth 
Ha-za'roth 
Ha'zar Sbu'el 
Ha'zar Su'sah 
Ha'zar Su'sim 
Ha'zel El-po'ni 3 
Ha-ze'rim 
Ha-ze'roth 
Ha'zer Shu'sim 
Haz'e-zon Ta'mar 
Ha'zi-el 13 
Ha'zo 
Ha'zor 
Haz'u-bah 9 
He'ber 

He'ber-ite3 8 

He' brews , 

He'bron 

He bron-ites 8 

Heg'a-i 5 

He'ge 7 

HeMah 9 

He'iam 

HeFbah 9 

Hel'bon 

Hel-chi'ah 15 

Hel'da-i 5 

HoMeb 

He 'led 

He'Iek 

He'lek-ites 8 

He'lem 

He'leph 

He'lez 

He'li 3 

Hel'ka-i 5 

HeFkath 

Hel'kath Haz'zu-rim 
Hel-ki'as 15 
He'lon 
He'man 

He'math, or Ha'math 

Hem'dan 

Hen 

He'na 9 

Hen'a-dad 

He'noch 6 

He'pher 

He'pher-ites 8 

Heph'zi-bah 9 

He'ram 

He'res 

He' res h 

Her'mas 

Her-mog'e-nes 

Her'mon 

Her'mon-ites 8 

Her'od 

He-ro'di-ans 

He-ro'di-as 

He-ro'di-an 

He'seb 

He'sed 

H^h'bon 

Hesh'mon 

Heth 

Heth'lon 

Hez'e-ki 3 

Hez-e-ki'ah 15 

He'zer, or He'zir 

He-zi'a 

Ho'zi-on 

Hez'ra-i 5 


* [ Eu'bttnlus, — P.] 


f \Evil Mer'o-dach. — P.] 


1002 


SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 


HU 

IS 

JA 

JE 

JE 

Hcz'ro 

Hu'zoth 

Is'u-ites 8 

Ja'i-rus Ja'e-rus 

Je-hi'el 

Hez'ron 

Huz'zab 

Ith'a-i, or It'u-i 5 

Ja'kan 

Je-hi'e-li 3 

Hez'ron-ites 8 

Hy-das'pc9 

It'a-ly 

Ja'keh 9 

Je-hish'a-i 5 

Hid'da-i 5 

Hy-e'na 9 

Ith'a-mar 

Ja'kim 

Je-his-ki'ah 15 

Hid'de-kel 

Hi'el 

fli-er'e-el 13 
Hi-er'e-rnoth 

Hy-raen-e'us 

Ith'i-el 13 
Ith'mah 9 
Ith'uan 
Ith'ra 9 

Jak'kim 
Ja'lon 
Jam'bres 
Jam'bri 3 

Je-ho'a-dah 

Je-ho-ad'dan 

Je-ho'a-haz 

Je-ho'ash 

Hi-er-i-e'lus 

Hi-or'mas 

I. 

Ith'ran 

Ith're-am 

James 

Ja'min 

Je-ho'ha-dah 9 
Je-ho'a-nan 

Hi-er-on'y-mus 

IB'HAR 

Ith'rites 8 

Ja'min-ites 8 

Je-hoi'a-chin 6 

Hig-gai'on 5 

Ib'le-am 

It'tah Ka'zin 

Jam'lech 6 

Je-hoi'a-da 

Hi'len 

Ib-nei'ah 9 

It'ta-i 5 

Jam'na-an 

Je-hoi'a-kim 

Hil-ki'ah 15 

Ib-nibah 9 

It-u-re'a 13 

Jam-ni'a 9 

Je-hoi'a-rib 

Hil'lel 

Ib'ri 3 

I'vah 

Jam'nites 8 

Je-hon'a-dab 

flin 

Ib'zan 

Iz'e-har 13 

Jan'na 9 

Je-hon'a-than 

Hinffiom 

Ich'a-bod 

Iz'har 

Jan'nes 

Je-ho'ram 

Hi bah 

l-co'ni-um 

Iz'har-ito 8 

Ja-no'ah 9 

Je-ho-shab'e-ath 

Ili'ram 

Id'a-lan 9 

Iz-ra-hi'ah 15 

Ja-no'hah 9 

Je-hosh'a-phat 12 

Hir-ca'nus 

Id 'bash 

Iz'ra-hite 

Ja'num 

Jo-hosli'e-ba 

His-ki'jah 15 

Id'do 

Iz-ra-i'ah,or Is-ra-i^ah 9 

Ja'phet 

Je-hosh'u-a 

Hit tite«} 8 

Id'u-el 13 

Iz're-el 13 

Ja'pheth 

Jj3-ho'vah 

Hi'vites 8 

Id-u-mae'a 9 

Iz'ri 3 

Ja-phi'ah 15 

Je-ho'vah Ji'reth 

Ho'ba, or Ho'bah 

Ho'bab 

Hod 

Hod-a-i'ah 15 

Id-u-mae'ans 

I'gal 

Ig-da-li'ah 15 • 
Ig-e-ab'a-rim 

Iz'rites 8 

Japh'let 
Japh'le-ti 3 
Ja'pho 
Jar 

Je-ho'vah Nis'si 
Je-ho'vah Snal'lom 
Je-ho'vah Sham'mah 
Je-ho'vah Tsid'ke-nu 

Hod-a-vi'ah 15 
HoMish 

Ig'e-al 7 
I' jon 

J. 

Ja'rah 9 
Ja'reb 

Je-hoz'a-bad 

Je'hu 

Ho-de^va 9 

Ik'kesh 

JA'A-KAN 

Ja'red 

Je-hub'bah 

Ho-de'vah 9 

I'lai 5 

Ja-ak'o-bah 9 

Jar-e-si'ah 15 

Je'hu-cal 

Ho-di'ah 15 

Im 

Ja-a'la 

Jar'ha 9 

Je'hud 

Ho-di'jah 15 

Imbah 9 

Ja-a'lah 9 

Ja'rib 

Je-hu'di 3 13 

Hog'lah 

Imbnah 9 

Ja-a'lam 

Jar'muth 

Je-hu-di'jah 15 

Ho'ham 

Im-man'u-cl 17 

Ja'a-nai 5 

Ja-ro'ah 9 

Je'hush 

Hoben 

Imbner 

Ja-ar-e-or'a-gin 

Jas'a-el 13 

Je-i'el 

Hol-o-ferffies 

Imbia or Iin'nah 

Ja-as-a-ni'a 

Ja'shem 

Je-kab'ze-el 13 

Ho'lon 

I in 'rah 

Ja'a-sau 

Ja'shen 

Jek-a-me'am 

Hobnail, or Herman 

Im'ri 3 

Ja-a'si-el 13 

Ja'sher 

Jek-a-mi'ah 15 

Ho'mer 

I-o'ta 9 

Ja-a'zah 9 

Ja-sho'be-am 

Je-ku'thi-el 13 

Hoph'ni 3 

Iph-e-dei'ah 15 

Ja-az-a-ni'ah 15 

Jash'ub 

Jem'i-ma| 

HoplPrah 

Ir 

Ja-a'zar 

Jash'u-bi Le'hem 

Jem-u'el 17 

Hor 

I'ra 

Ja-a-zi'ah 15 

Jash'ub-ites 8 

Jeph'thah 

Ho'ram 

I 'rad 

Ja-a'zi-el 13 

Ja'si-el 13 

Je-phun'neh 

Hobeb 

I'ram 

Ja'bal 

Ja-su'bus 

Je'rah 

Ho'rem 

I'ri 3 

Jab'bok 

Ja'tal 

Je-rahm'e-el 13 

Hor-a-gidffiad 

I-ri'jah 15 

Ja'besh 

Jath'ni-el 13 

Je-rahm'e-el-ites 

Hobi 3 

Ir'na-hash 

Ja'bez 

Jat tir 

Jer'e-chus 6 

Ho'rims 

I'ron 

Ja'bin 

Ja'van 

Je'red 

Ho'rites 8 

Ir'pe-el 13 

Jab'ne-el 13 

Ja'zar 

Jer'e-mai 5 

Horbnah 

Ir-she'mish 

Jab'neh 9 

Ja'zer 

Jer-e-mi'ah 15 

Hor-o-na'im 15 

I'ru 

Ja'chan 

Ja'zi-el 13 

Jer'e-moth 

Hor'o-nites 8 

I'sa-ac 

Ja'ciiin 

Ja'ziz 

Jer'e-mouth 

Ho'sa, or Has'ah 
Ho-sanffia 

I‘tak 

Ja'chin-ites 8 

Je'a-rim 

Jp ri'ah 15 

t-sai'ah 5 

Ja'cob 

Je-at'e-rai 5 

Jer'i-bai 5 

Ilo-se'a 9 

Is'cah 

Ja-cu'bu3 13 

Je-ber-e-chi'ah 15 

Jer'i-cho 6 

Ho-ie'a 

Is-car'i-ot 

Ja'da 

Je'bus 

Je'ri-el 13 

Hosh-a-i'ah 15 

Is'da-el 13 

Jad-du'a 9 

Je-bu'si 3 

Je-ri'jah 15 

Hosh'a-ma 

Ish'bah 9 

Ja'don 

Jeb'u-sites 8 

Jer'i-moth 

Ho-she'a 8 

Isn'bak 

Ja'el 

Jec-a-mi'ah 15 

Je'ri-oth 

Ho'tham 

Ish'bi Be'nob 

Ja'gur 

Jec-o-li'ah 15 

Jer'o-don 

Hobhan 

Ish bo-sheth 

Jah 

Jec-o-ni'ah 15 

Jer'o-ham 

Ho thir 

I'shi 3 

Ja-ha'le-el 13 

Je-dai'a 5 9 

Jer-o-bo'am 

Hukkok 

I-shi'ah 15 

Ja-hal'e-lel 13 

Je-dai'ah 5 

Je-rub'ba-al 

Hul 

l-shi'jah 15 

Ja'hath 

Jed-de'us 

Je-rub'e-sheth 

Hul'dah 9 

Ish'ma 9 

Ja'haz 

Jed'du 

Jer'u-el 17 

Hum'tah 

Ish'ma-el 13 

Ja-ha'za 

Je-dei'ah 9 

Je-ru'sa-lem 

Hu'pham 

Ish'ma-el-ites 8 

Ja-ha'zah 9 

Je-di'a-el 13 

Je-ru'sha 13 

Hu'pham-ites 8 

Ish-ma-i'ah 15 

Ja-ha-zi'ah 15 

Jed'i-ah 

Je-sai'ah 5 

Hup'pah 

Hup'pim 

Ish'me-rai 5 

Ja-ha'zi-el 13 

Jed-e-di'ah 15 

Jesh-a-i'ah 5 

I'shod 

Jah'da-i 5 

Je'di-el 13 

Jesh'a-nali 

Hur 

Ish 'pan 

Jah'di-el 13 

Jed'u-thuo 

Jesh-ar'c-lah 

Hu'rai 5 

Ish'tob 

Jah'do 

Je-e'li 3 

Jesh-eb'e-ab 

Hu' ram 

Ish'u-a 9 

Jah'le-el 

Jc-e'zer 

Jesh-eb'e-ah 9 

Hu'ri 3 

Ish'u-ai 5 

Jah'le-el-itos 8 

Je-e'zor-ites 8 

Je'sher 

Hu'shah 9 

Is-ma-chi'ah 15 

Jah'ma-i 5 

Je'gar Sa-ha-du'tha 

Jesh'i-mon 

Hu'shai 5 

Is-ma-i'ah 15 

Jah'zah 9 

Je-ha'le-el 13 

Je-shish'a-i 5 

Hu'sham 

Is pah 

Jah'ze-el 13 

Je-hal'e-lel 13 

Jesh-o-ha-i'ah 15 

Hu'shath-ite 8 

Is'ra-el* 

Jah'zi-el 13 

Je-ha'zi-el 13 

Jesh'u-a 13 

Ha'shitn 

Is'ra-ei-ites 8 

Jah'ze-el-ites 8 

Jeh-dei'ah 9 

Jesh'u-run 

Hubbub 

Is'sa-char 

Jah'ze-rah 9 

Je-hei'el 9 

Je-si'ah 15 

Hu-shu'bah 9 

Is-tal-cu'rus 13 

Ja'ir 

Je-hez'e-kel 

Je-sim'i-el 

Huz 

Is'u-i 3 13 

Ja'ir-ites 8 

Je-hi'ah 9 

Jes'se 


* Israel . — This word is colloquially pronounced in two syl- 
lables, and not unfrequontly lieard in the same manner from 
the pulpit. The tendency of two vowels to unite, when there 
is no accent to keep them distinct, is the cause of this corrup- 
tion, as in Canaan^ Isaac, &c.; Lut as there is a greater diffi- 
culty in keeping separate two unaccented vowels of the same 
kind, so the latter corruption is more excusable than the for- 
mer *, and, therefore, in my opinion, this word ought always in 
public pronunciation, especially in reading the Scripture, to be 
heard in three syllables. Milton introduces this word four 
times in his Paradise Lost, and constantly makes it two sylla- 


bles only. But those who understand English prosody know 
tliat we have a great number of words which have two dis- 
tinct impulses, that go for no more than a single syllable in 
verse, such as heaven, given, &c.: higher and dyer are always 
considered as dissyllables; and /lire and dire, which have ex- 
actly the same quantity to the ear, but as monosyllables. 
Israel, therefore, ought always, in deliberate and solemn 
speaking, to bo heard in three syllables. The same may bo 
observed of Raphael and Michael. 

t [ Jem-i'ma. — F. Sc K.] 


SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 


1003 


JO 

KI 

LU 

MA 

ME 

Jes'u-a 13 

Josh'a-bad 

Kish 

Luz 

Mal'las 

Jes'u-i 3 

Jo'shah 9 

Kish'i 3 

Lyc-a-o'ni-a 

Lyc'ca 

Mal'lo-thi 3 

Je'sus 

Josh'a-phat 

Kish'i-on 4 

Mal'luch 6 

Je'ther 

Josh-a-vi'ah 15 

Ki'shon, or Ki'son 

Lyd'da 

Lyd'i-a 

Ma-mai'as 5 

Je'theth 

Josh-bek'a-sha 

Kith'lish 

Mam'mon 

Jeth'lah 

Josh'u*a 9 

Kit'ron 

Ly-sa'ni-as 

Mam-ni-ta-nai'mus 

Je'thro 

Jo-si'ah 15 

Kit'tim 

Lys'i-a 9 

Mam 're 

Je'tur 

Jo-si big 

Ko'a 9 

Lizh'e-a 

Mu-mu'cus 

Je'u-€l 13 

Jos-i-bl'ah 15 

Ko'hath 

Lys'i-as 

Man'a-en 

Je'ush 

Jos-i-phi'ah 

Ko'hath-ites 

Lys'tra 

Man'a-hath 

Je'uz 

Jew'rie 

Jo-si 'phiis 12 
Jot'bah 9 

Kol-a-:'ah 15 
Ko'rah 14 

Man'a-hem 
Ma-na'heth-ites 8 


Jez-a-ni'ah 15 

Jot bath 

Ko'rali-ites 8 

M. 

Man-as-se'as 12 

Jez'a-bel 

Jot'ba-tha 

Ko'ratli-ites 

Ma-nas'seh 9 

Je-zeOus 

Jo'tham 

Kor'hite 

Ma-nas'sites 8 

Je'zer 

Joz^a-bad 

Kor'hites 

MA'A-CAH 9 

Ma'neh 9 

Je'zer-ites 8 

Jcz'a-char 6 

Kor'ites 8 

Ma'a-chah 6 

Man-ha-na'im 16 

Jo-zi'ali 15 

Joz'a-dak 

Ko're 

Ma-ach'a-thi 3 

Ma'ni 3 

Je'zi-el 11 

Ju'bal 

Koz 

Ma-ach'a-thites 8 

Man'na 

Jez-li'ah 15 

Ju'cal 

Kush-ai'ah 5 

Ma-ad'ai 5 

Ma-no ah 

Jez'o-ar 

Jubiah 9 


Ma-a-di'ah 15 

Ma'och 6 

Jez-ra-lii'ah 15 

Ju'das 


Ma-a'i 5 

Ma'on 

Jez're-el 13 

Jude 


Ma-al'eh A-crab'bim 

Ma'on-ites 8 

Jez're-el-ite 8 

Ju-dffi'a 


Ma'a-nai 5 

Ma'ra 9 

Jez're-el-i-tess 

Jubiith 


Ma'a-rath 

Ma'rah 9 

Jih'sam 

Ju'el 

LA'A-DAH 9 

Ma-a-sei'ah 9 

Mar-a-Iah 

Jid'laph 

Ju'li-a 

La'a-dan 

Ma-a-si'ah 15 

Mar-a-nath'a 

Jim 

Jubii-a 

La 'ban 

Ma'ath 

Mar-do-che'us 6 

Jini'la, or Im'la 

Ju-shab'he-sed 

Lab'a-na 9 

Ma'az 

Ma-re'shah 

Jimbia, or Jim'nah 

Jus'tus 

liU'chish 

Ma-a-zi'ah 15 

Mark 

Jirn'nites 8 

Jut'tah 9 

La-cu'nus 13 

Mab'da-i 5 

Mar'i-sa 9 

Jiph'tah 

Jipli'thali-el 


La'dan 

La'el 

Mac'a-Ion 
Mac 'ca- bees 

Mar' moth 
Ma'roth 

Jo'ab 


T^a'liad 

Mac-ca-bae'us 

Mar're-kah 9 

Jo'a-chaz 

K. 

La-hai'roi 

Mach'be-nah 

Mar'se-na 9 

Jo-a-da'nus 

Lah'man 

Mach'be-uai 5 

Mar'te-na 

Jo'ah 

KAB 

La h 'mas 

Mach-he'loth 

Mar'tha 

Jo'a-haz 

Kab'ze-el 13 

Lah'mi 3 

Ma'chi 3 6 

Ma'ry 

Jo'a-kim 

Ka'des 

lia'ish 

Ma'chir 

Mas'chil 6 

Jo-an'na 

Ka'desh, or Ca'desh 

Tja'kum 

Ma'chir-ites 8 

Mas'e-loth 

Jo-an'nan 

Ka^desh Bar'nc-a 

T. a 'much 6 

Mach'mas 

Mash 

Jo'ash 

Kad 'mi-el 13 

Lap'i-doth 

Mach-na-de'bai 5 

Ma'shal 

Jo'a-tham 

Kad'mon-ites 8 

La-se'a 9 

Mach-pe'Iah 6 

Mas 'man 

Jo-a-zab'dus 

Kal'la-i 5 

L.-'shah 

Ma'cron 

Mas'moth 

Job 

Ka'nab 9 

La-sha'ron 

Mad'a-i 5 

Mas're-kah 9 

Jobe 

Ka-rebih 9 

Las'the-nes 

Ma-di'a-bun 

Ma'sa 9 

Jo'bab 

Kar'ka-a 9 

Laz'a-rus 

Ma-di'ah 15 

Mas'sah 9 

Jocli'e-bed 6 

Kar'kor 

Le'ah 9 

Ma'di-an 

Mas-si as 15 

Jo'da 9 

Karbia-im 16 

Leb'a-nah 9 

Mad-man'nah 

Ma tred 

Jo'ed 

Kar'tan 

Leb'a-non 

Ma'don 

Ma'tri 3 

Jo'el ' 

Kar'tah 9 

Leb'a-oth 

Ma-e'lus 13 

Mat 'tan 

Jo-e'lah 9 

Keblar 

Leb-be'us* 13 

Mag'bish 

Mut'tan-nah 

Jo-o'zer 

Ked'e-mah 9 

Le-bo'nah 9 

Mag'da-la 9 

Mat-tan-i'ah 

Jog'l)e-ah 

Ked'e-moth 

Le'chah 

Mag'da-len 

Mat'ta-tha 

JogMi 

Keblesh 

Le'ha-bim 

Mag-da-le'ne 

Mat-ta-thi'as 

Jo'ha 9 

Ke-hel'a-thah 9 

Le'hi 

Mag' di-el 13 

Mat-te-na'i 5 

Ja-ha'nan 

Kei'Iah 9 

Lem'u-el 17 

Ma'gog 

Mat'than 

Jolm 

Ke-Iai'ah 5 

Le'shem 

Ma'gor Mis'sa-bib 

Mat'that 

Jon 

Kel'i-ta 

Let'tus 

Mag'pi-ash 4 

Mat-the'las 

Joi^a-da 9 

Kehkath-ha-zu'rira 

Le-tu'shim 

Ma'ha-lah 9 

Mat'thew 

Joi'a-kim 

Kem-u'el 13 17 

Le-um'mim 

Ma'ha-lath Le-an'noth 

Mat-thi'as 15 

Joi'a-rib 

Ke'nah 9 

Le'vi 3 

Ma'ha-lath Mas'chil 6 

Mat-ti-thi'ah 15 

Jok'de-am 

Ke'nan 

Le-vi'a-than 

Ma-ha'le-el 13 

Maz-i-ti'as 15 

Jo'kim 

Ke'nath 

Le'vis 

Ma'ha-li 3 

Maz'za-roth 

Jtfk'me-an 

Ke'naz 

Le'vites 8 

Ma-ha-na'im 16 

Me'ah 

Jok'ne-am 

Ken'ites 8 

Le-vit'i-cus 

Ma'ha-neh Dan 

Mc-a'ni 3 

.Tok^sham 

Kenbiiz-zites 

Lib'a-nus 

Ma'ha-nem 

Me-a'rah 

Jok'tan 

Ker-en-hap'puch 

Lib'nah 9 

Ma-har'a-i 5 

Me-bu'nai 5 

Jok'the-el 13 

Ker-en-hap'vuk 

Lih'ni 3 

Ma'nath 

Mech'e-rath 13 

Jobia 9 

Ke'ri-oth 

Lib nitcs 8 

Ma'ha-vites 8 

Mech'e-rath-ite 8 

Jon'a-dab 

Ke'ros 

Lib'v-a 9 

Ma'haz 

IMe'dad 

Jo'nali 9 

Ke-tu^ra 

Lig-nal'oes 
Li'ffure 1 

Ma-ha'zi-oth 

Med'a-lah 9 

Jobian 

Ke-tu'rah 9 

Ma'her-shal'al-hash'baz 

Me'dan 

Jo'nas 

Ke-zi'a 1 9 

Lik'hi 3 

Mah'lah 

Med'e-ba 9 

Jon'a-than 

Ke'ziz 

Lo-am'mi 3 

Mah'li 3 

Medes 

Jo'nath E'lim Re-cho'- 

Kib'roth Hat-ta'a-vah 

Lod 

Afah'lites 8 

Me di-a 

cliim C 

Kib'za-im 16 

Lod'e-bar 

Mah'lon ' 

Me'di-an 

Jop'pa 

Kid'ron 

Log 

Mai-an'e-as 

Mc-e'da 

Jo'ra 

Kibiah 9 

Lo'is 

IMa'kas 

Me-gid'do 7 

Jo'ra-i 5 

Kir 

Lo Ru'lia-mah 

INIa'ked 

Mc-gid'don 7 

Jo'ram 

Kir-har'a-seth 

Lot 

Mak-c'loth 

Me-ha'li 3 

Jor'dan 

Kir'he-resh 

Lo'tan 

Mak-ke'dah 13 

Me-het'a-bel 

Jor'i-bas 

K irb-eth, or Kir'jath 

Loth-a-su'bus 13 

Mak'tesh 

Me-hi'da 

Jo'rim 

Kir'i-oth 4 

Lo'zon 

IMal'a-chi 3 6 

Me'hir 

Jor'ko-ani 

Kir^jath Ar'ba 

Lu'bim 

Mal'cham 

Me-hol'ath-ite 8 

Jos'a-bad 

Kir'jath A'im 

Lu'bims 

Mal-chi'ah 15 

Mo-liu'ja-cl 13 

Jos'a-phat 

Kir'jatli A'rim 

Lu'cas 

Mai 'chi-el 13 

Me-hu'man 5 

Jo3-a-phi'as 15 

Kir'jath A'ri-ug 

T.n'ci-fer 

Mal'chi-el-ites 8 

Me-hu'nim 

Jo'so 

Kir/jath Ba'al 

Lu'ci-us 

Mal-chi'jah 

Me-hu'nims 

Jos'e-dech 6 

Kir'iarh Hu'zoth 

ijud 

Mal-chi'ram 

Me-jar'kon 

Jo'se-el 13 

Kir^jath Je'a-rim 

Lu'dim 

Malohi-shu'ah 12 

Mek'o-nah 9 

Jo^seph 

Kir'jath f?an'nah 

Lu'hith 

Mal'chora 

Mc]-a-ti'ah 15 

Jo'ses 

Kir'jath Se'pher 

Luke 

Mal'cbus 6 

Mel'chi 3 6 


* [Leb'be-us. — P.] 


004 


MI 

Mel-chi'ah 6 9 
Mel-chi'as 15 
Mel'chi-el 13 
Mel-chis'e-dok 
Mel-chi-shu'a 13 
Mc-le'a 
Me 'lech 6 
Mel'li-cu 
Mel'i-ta 
Mel'zar 
Mem'phis 
Me-mu'can 13 
Men'a-hem 
Me 'nan 
Me'ne 
Me'nith 
Men'o-thai 5 
Me-on'e-nem 
Meph'a-ath 
Me-phib'o-sheth 
Me'rab 
Mer-a-i'ah 15 
Me-rai'oth 5 
Me 'ran 
Mer'a-ri 3 
Mer'a-riles 8 
Mer-a-tha'ira 16 
Me 'red 
Mer 'e-moth 
Me 'res 
Mer'i-bah 9 
Mer 'i-bah Ka'desh 
Me-rib'ba-al 
Mer'i-moth 4 
Me-ro'dach 11 
Bal'a-dan 
Me'rom 

Me-ron'o-thite 8 
Me'roz 
Me 'ruth 
Me'soch 6 
Mc'sek 
Me'sha 
Me'shach 6 
Me'shech 6 
Me'shek 
Mesh-el-c-mi'ah 
Mesh-ez'a-bel 
Mes h-e z ' a-be-el 
Mosh-il-la'mith 
Mesh-il'lo-moth 
Me-sho'bah 9 
Me-shul iam 
Me-shul'le-mith 
Mes'o-bah 13 
Mes'o-ba-ite 8 
Mes-o- po-ta'mi-a 
Mcs-si'ah 15 
Mes-si'as 15 
Me-te'rus 13 
Me'theg Am'mah 
Meth're-dath 
Me-thu'sa-el 
Me-thu'se-lah 9 
Me-tliu'se-la 
Me-u'nim 13 
Mez'a-hab 
Mi'a-min 
Mib'har 
Mib'sam 
Mib'zar 
Mi 'call 9 
Mi-cai'ah 5 
Mi'clia 9 
Mi'cba-el 15 
Mi'cbah 9 
Mi chai'ah 
Mi'chel 
Mich'mas C 
Jlik'mas 
Mich'inash 
Mich'me-thah 9 
Mich'ri 3 
Mich'tam 
Mid'din 
Mid'i-an 
Mid'i-an-ites 8 
INIig'da-lel 
Mig'dal Gad 
Mig'dol 
Mig'ron 


SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 


NA 

NE 

ON 

PE 


Mij'a-mia 

Na'a-rath 

Ne' re-US 

O'phel 


Mik'loth 

Na-ash'on 

Ner'gal 

O'pher 


Mik-nei'ah 9 

Nu'a-thus 

Ner'gal Sha-re'zer 

O'phir 


Mil-a-la'i 5 

Na'hal 

Ne'ri 3 

Oph'ni 3 


Mil 'call 9 

Nab-a'ri-as 

Ne-ri'ah 15 

Oph'rah 


Mil'chah 9 

Na-ba-the'ans 

Ne-than'e-el 13 

O'reb 


Mil'cha 9 

Na'bath-ites 8 

Neth-a-ni'ali 

O'ren, or O'ran 


Mil'com 

Na'both 

Neth'i-nims 

0-ri'on 


Mil'lo 

Na'choii 6 

Ne-to'phah 9 

Or' nan 


Mr'na 9 

Na'chor 6 

Ne-toph'a-thi 3 

Or'phah 9 


Mi-ni'a-min 

Na'dab 

Ne-toph'a-thites 

Or' fa 


Min'ni 3 

Na-dab'a-tha 

Ne-zi'ah 15 

Or-tho-si'as 15 


Min'nith 

Nag'ge 7 

Ne'zib 

O-sai'as 5 


Miph'kad 

Na-ha'li-el 13 

Nib'bas 

0-se'as 


Mir'i-am 

Na-ha)'lal 

Nib'shan 

O'see 


Mir'ma 9 

Na'ha-lol 

Nic-o-de'mus 

O'she-a 


Mis'gab 

Na'ham 

Nic-o-la'i-tans 

Os'pray 


Mish'a-el 13 15 

Na-ham'a-ni 3 

Nic'o-las 

Os'si-frage 


Mi'shal 3 

Na-har'a-i 5 

Nim'rah 

Oth'ni 3 


Mi 'sham 

Na'hash 

Nim'rim 

Oth'ni-el 4 13 


Mi'she-al 

Na'hath 

Nim'rod 

Oth-o-ni'as 15 


Mish'ma 9 

Nah-bi' 3 

Nim'shi 3 

O'zem 


Mish-man'na 

Na'ha-bi 3 

Nin'e-ve 

0-zi'as 15 


Mish'ra-ites 8 

Na'hor 

Nin'e-vch 9 

O'zi-el 4 13 


Mis'par 

Nah'shon 

Nin'e-vites 8 

Oz'ni 3 


Mis'pe-reth 

Na'hum 

Ni'san 

Oz'nites 8 


Mis'pha 9 

Na'i-dus 5 

Nis'roch 6 

0-zo'ra 9 


Mis'phah 9 

Na'im 

J\Tis'rok 



Mis'ra-im 16 

Na'in 

No-a-di'ah 15 



Mis'rc-photh-ma'im 16 

Nai'oth 5 

No'ahj or No'e 



Mi th 'call 9 

Na-ne'a 9 

Nob 

P, 


Mith'nite 8 

Na'o-mif 3 

No' bah 9 



Mith'ri-dath 

Na'pish 

Nod 

PA'A-RAI 5 


Mi'zar 

Naph'i-si 3 

Nvj'dab 

Pa'dan 


Miz'pah 9 

Naph'tha-li 3 

No'e-ba 9 

Pa'dan A'ram 


Miz'peh 9 

Naph'tliar 

No'ga, or No'gah 

Pa'don 


Miz'ra-im 16 

Naph'tu-him 11 

No'hah 9 

Pa'gi-el 7 13 


Miz'zah 9 

Nas'bas 

Nom 

Pa'hath Mo'ab 


Mna'son 

Na'shon 

Nom'a-des 

Pa'i 3 5 


JVaison 

Na'sith 

Non 

Pa'lal 


Mo'ab 

Na'sor 

Noph 

Pal'es-tine 


Mo'ab-ites 8 

Na'than 

•N'off 

Pal'lu 


Mo-a-di'ah 15 

Na-than'a-el 13 

No'phah 9 

Pal'iu-itea 8 


Mock'mur 

Nath-a-ni'as 15 

No-nie'ni-us 

Pal'ti 3 


Mock' ram 

Na'than Me'lech 6 

Nun (the father of 

Pal'ti-el 13 


Mo'din 

Na'um 

Joshua) 

Pal'tite 8 


Mo'eth 

Na've 

Nym'phas 

Pan'nag 


Mol'a-dah 9 

Naz-a-rene' 


Par'a-dise 


Mo 'lech 6 

Naz-a-renes' 8 


Pa'rah 


Mo'lek 

Naz'a-reth 

o. 

Pa'ran 


Mo'li 3 

Naz'a-rite 8 

Par' bar 


Mo'lid 

Ne'ah 


Par-niash'ta 


Mo'loch 6 

Ne-a-ri'ah 15 

OB-A-DI'AH 15 

Par'me-nas 


MoUok 

Neb'a-i 5 

O'bal 

Par'nath 


Mom'dis 

Ne-Lai'oth 5 

O' bed 

Par'nach 6 


Mo-o-si'as 13 

Ne-ba'joth 

O'bed E'dom 

Pa'rosh 


Mo'rash-ite 8 

Ne-bal'lat 

O'beth 

Par-shan'da-tha 


Mo'ras-thite 

Ne'bat 

O'bil 

Par'u-ah 


M^'r'de-cai 5 13 

Ne'bo 

O' both 

Par-va'im 5 16 


Mo'reh 9 

Neb-u-chad-nez'zar 

O'chi-el 13 

Pa'sach 6 


Mor'esh-eth Gath 

N e b-u-chod-on 'o-sor 

Oc-i-de'lus 7 

Pas-dam'min 

• 

Mo-ri'ah 15 

Neb-u-chad-rez'zar 

Os-i-de'liLs 

Pa-se'ah 9 


Mo-se'ra 9 

Neb-u-chas'ban 

Oc'i-na 7 

Pash'ur 


Mo-se'rah 9 

Neb-u-zar'a-dan 

Os'i-na 

Pass'o-ver 


Mo-so'roth 

Ne'cho 6 

Oc'ran 

Pat'a-ra 


Mo'ses 

Ne-co'dan 

O'ded 

Pa-te'o-li 


Mo'zes 

Ned-a-bi'ah 15 

O-dol'lara 

Pa-the'us 13 


Mo-sol'lam 

Ne-e-mi'as 

Od-on-ar'kes 

Path'ros 


Mo-sul'la-mon 

Neg'i-noth 7 

Og 

Path-ru'sim 


Mo'za 9 

Ne-hel'a-mite 

O'bad 

Pat'ro-bas 


Mo'zah 

Ne-he-mi'ah 9 15 

O'hel 

Pa'u 


Mup'pim 

Ne-he-mi'as 

Ol'a-mus 

Paul 


Mu'shi 3 

Ne'hum 

0-lym'phas 

Ped'a-hel 13 


Mu'shites 8 

Ne-hush'ta 9 

Om-a-e'rus 13 

Ped'ah-zur 


Muth-lab'bcn 

Ne-hush'tah 

O'mar 

Ped-ai'ah 5 


Myn'dus 

Ne-hush'tan 

0-me'ga 9 

Pc'kah 9 


My'ra 9 

Ne'i-el 13 

O'mer 

Pek-a-hi'ah 


Myt-e-le'no 

Ne'keb 

Om'ri 3 

Pe'kod 



Ne-ko'da 

On 

Pel-a-i'ah 5 



Nem-u'el 13 17 

O'nam 

Pel-a-li'ah 



Nem-u'el-ites 8 

O'nan 

Pel-a-ti ah 15 


N. 

Ne'pheg 

0-nes'i-niU3 

Pe'leg 



Ne'phi 3 

On-e-siph'o-rus 

Po'let 


NA'AM 

Ne'phis 

O-ni'a-res 

Pe'leth 


Na'a-mah 9 

Ne'phish 

O-ni'as 15 

Pe'leth-ites 8 


Na'a-nian* 15 

Ne-phish'e-sim 

O'no 

Pe-li'as 15 


Na'a-ma-thites 8 

Neph'tha-li 3 

O'nus 

Pel'o-nite 8 


Na'a-mites 8 

Nep'tho-ah 

0-ny'as 

Pe-ni'el 13 


Na'a-rah 9 

Neph'tu-im 

On'y-cha 

Pe-nin'nah 


Na'a-rai 5 

Ne-phu'sim 13 

On'e~ka 

Pen'ni-nah 


Na'a-ran 

Ner 

O'nyx 

Pen-tap'o-lis 

[JSTa-a'man. — P.] 

1 

f [JSTa-o'vii. — P.] 


SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 


1006 


PH 

Pen^ta-teuch 6 

Pen‘ta-teuk 

Pen'te-cost 

Pen'te-coast* 

Pe-nu'el 13 

Pe'or 

Per'a-zim 

Pe'resh 

Pe'rez 

Pe'rez Uz'za 
Per'ga 9 
Per'ga-mos 
Pe-ri'da 9 
Per'iz-zites 8 
Per'me-nas 
Per-u'da 9 13 
Peth-a-hi'ah 15 
Pe'thor 
Pe-thu'cl 13 
Pe-ul'thai 5 
Phac'a-reth 
Phai'sur 5 
Phal-dai'us 5 
Pha-le'as 11 
Pha'leg 
Phal'lu 
Phal'ti 3 
PhaPti-el 13 
Pha-nu'ol 13 
Phar'a-cim 7 
Pha'ra-oh 
Fa'ro 

Pliar-a-tho'ni 3 

Pha'’rez 

Pha'rez-ites 8 

Phar'i-sees 

Pha'rosli 

Phar'phar 

Phar^zites 8 

Pha'se-ah 13 

Pha-se^lis 13 

Phas'i-ron 

Phe^be 

Phe-ni^ce 13 

Phib'e-seth 

Plii'col 

Phi-lar^ches 

Phi-Ie'mon 11 

Phi-le'tus 11 

Phi-lis'ti-a 

Phi-lis'tim 

Plii-lis'tines 8 

Fi-lis'tins 

Phi-loPo-gus 

Phil-o-ine'tor 

Phin'e-es 

Phin'c-has 

Phi 'son 1 

Phle'gon 

Pho'ros 

Phul, rhymes dull 

Phur 

Pbu'rah 

Phut, rhymes nut 


RA 

Phu'vah 

Phy-gePlus 

Phy-lac'te-ries 

Pi-ha-hi'roth 

Pi'late 

Pil'dash 

Pil'e-tha 

Pil'tai 5 

Pi'non 

Pi'ra 

Pi'ram 

Pir'a-thon 

Pir'a-thon-ite 8 

Pis'gah 

Pi'son 1-^ 

Pis'pah 

Pi'thon 1 

Poch'e-reth 6 

Pon'ti-us Pi'late 

Por'a-tha 9 

Pot'i-phar 

Po-tiph'e-ra 

Proch'o-rus 

Pu'a, or Pu'ah 

Pu'dens 

Pu'hites 8 

Pul, rhymes dull 

Pu'nites 8 

Pu'non 

Pur, or Pu'rim 
Put, rhymes nut 
Pu'ti-cl 13 
Py'garg 


R. 

RA'A-MAH 9 

Ra-a-mi'ah 15 

Ra-am'ses 

Rab'bah 

Rab'bath 

Rab'bat 

Rab'bi 3 

Rab'bith 

Rab-bo'ni 3 

Rab'mag 

Rab'sa-ces 

Rab'sa-ris 

Rab'sha-keh 9 

Ra'ca, or Ra'cha 

Ra'cab 6 

Ra'cal 

Ra'chab 6 

Ra'chel G 

Rad'da-i 5 

Ra'gau 

Ra'ges 

Rag'u-a 

Ra-gu'el 13 

Ra'hab 

Ra'ham 

Ra'kem 


RE 

Rak'kath 

Rak'kon 

Ram 

Ra'ma, or Ra'mah 
Ra'math 

Ra-math-a'im 16 
Ram'a-them 
Ra'math-ite 8 
Ra'math Le'hi 
Ra'math Mis'peh 
Ra-me'sesf 
Ra-mi'ah 15 
Ra'moth 

Ra'moth GiPe-ad 
Ra'pha 

Ra'pha-el| 13 15 

Ra'phel 

Ra'phah 9 

Raph'a-im 16 

Ra'phon 

Ru'phu 

Ras'sis 

Rath'u-mus 12 
Ra'zis 
Re-a-i'ah 5 
Re'ba 9 
Re-bec'ca 9 
Re'chab 6 
Re'chab-ites 8 
Re'chah 9 
Re'ka 

Re-el-ai'ah 5 
Re-el-i'as 15 
Rec-sai'as 5 
Re'gem, the g hard 
Ke-gem'me-loch 
Re'gorn 

Re-ha-bi'ah 15 
Kehob 
Re-ho bo'am 
Re-ho'both 
Ro'hu 
Ro'hum 
Re'i 3 
Re'kem 

Rem-a-li'ah 15 

Re'meth 

Rem'mon 

Rem'mon Meth'o-ar 

Rem'phan 

Rem'phis 

Re'pha-el 13 15 

Re'phah 

Reph-a-i'ah 15 

Reph'a-im 16 

Reph'a-ims 

Reph'i-dim 

Re'sen 

Re'sheph 

Re'u 

Rcu'ben 

Re-u'el$ 13 

Reu'mah 

ke'zeph 


SA 

Re-zi'a 15 

' le'zin 

! le'zon 

! Ihe'gi-um 

Re'je-um 

Rhe'sa 

Re'sa 

Rho'da 

Rhod'o-cus 

Ri'bai 5 

Rib'lah 

Rim'mon 

Rim'mon Pa'rez 

Rin'nah 9 

Ri'phath 

Ry'fcih 

Ris'sah 9 

Rith'mah 

Ris'pah 

Ro-ge'lim 7 13 

Roh'gah 9 

Ro'^a 

Ro'i-mus 

Ro-mam-ti-e'zer 

Rosh 

Ru'by 

Ru'fus 

Ru'ha-mah 

Ru'mah 

Rus'ti-cus 

Ruth 

Rooth 


s. 

SA-BAC-THA'NIII 

Sab'a-othU 

Sa'bat 

Sab'a-tus 

Sab'ban 

Sab'bath 

Sab-ba-the'u3 

Sab-be'us 

Sab-de'us 

Sab'di 3 

Sa-be'ans 

Sa ni 3 

Sab'tah 9 

Sub te-cha 6 

Sa'car 

Sad-a-mi'as 15 

Sa'das 

Sad-de'us 

Sad 'due 

Sad'du-cees 

Sa'doc 

Sa-ha-du'tha Jo'gar 
Sa'la 
Sa'lah 9 
Sal-a-sad'a-i 5 
Sa-la'thi-el 13 
Sal'cah 9 


SA 

Sal'cbab 

Sa'lem 

Sa'lim 

rial'Ia-i 5 

Sal'lu 

Sal'lum 

Sal-1 u'mus 13 

Sal'ma, or Sal'mah 

Sal'mon 

Sal-mo'no 13 

Sa'lom 

Sa-Io'me 13 

Sa'lu 

Sa'lum 

Sam'a-el 13 

Sa-mai'as 5 

Sa-ma'ri-a, or Sara-a-ri'a 

Sa-mar'i-tans 

Sam'a-tus 

Sa-raei'us 9 

Sam'gar Ne'bo 

Sa'mi 3 

Sa'mis 

Sam'lah 9 

Sam'mus 

Samp'sa-mes 

Sam'son 

Sarn'u-el 13 17 

San-a-bas'sa-rus 

San'a-sib 

San-bal'lat 

San'he-drim 

San-san'nah 

Saph 

Sa'phat 

Saph-a-ti'as 15 
Saph'ir 
Sa'pheth 
Sap-phi'ra 9 
Sap'phire 
Sar-a-bi'as 15 
Sa'ra, or Sa'rai 5 
Sar-a-i'ah 5 
Sa-rai'as 5 13 
Sa-ram'a-el 
Sar'a-mel 
Sa'raph 

Sar-ched'o-nus 6 

Sar'de-us 

Sar'dis 

Sar'dites 8 

Sar'di-U8 

S' r'dino 

Sar'do-nyx 

Sa're-a 

Sa-rep'ta 

Sar'gon 

Sa'rid 

Sa'ron 

Sa ro'thi 3 

Sar-se'chim 6 

Sa'ruch 6 

Sa'tan** 

Sath-ra-baz'nes 


* [The regular pronunciation, Pentecost^ is now more com- 
mon. — E d.] 

f [Ra7n'e-ses. — P.] 

X Raphael. — This word has uniformly the accent on the first 
syllable throughout Milton, though Grrecised by ^Fa(psy\ ; but 
the quantity is not so invariably settled by him ; for, in his 
Paradise Lost, he makes it four times of three syllables, and 
twice of two. What is observed under Israel is applicable to 
this word. Colloquially, we may pronounce it in two, as if 
written Raphel ; but in deliberate and solemn speaking or 
reading, we ought to make the two last vowels to be heard sep- 
arately and distinctly. The same may be observed of Michael., 
which Milton, in his Paradise Lost, uses six times as a word 
of three syllables, and eighteen times as a word of two only. 

$ [Rea'eZ. — P.] 

II Sabacthani. — Some, says the editor of Labbe, place the 
accent on the antepenultimate syllable of this word, and 
others on the penultimate: this last pronunciation, he says, is 
most agreeable to the Hebrew word, the penultimate of which 
is not only long, but accented : and, as this word is Hebrew, it 
is certainly the preferable pronunciation. 

11 Sabaoth. — This word should not be confounded in its pro- 
nunciation with Sabbath, a word of so different a significa- 
tion. Sabaoth ought to be heard in three syllables, by keeping 
the a and o separate and distinct. This, it must be confessed, 
is not very easy to do, but is absolutely necessary to prevent a 
very gross confusion of ideas, and a perversion of tho sense. 
[Fulton and Knight accent this word Sab-a'oth.'\ 


** Satan. — There is some dispute among the learned about 
the quantity of the second syllable of this Avord when Latin 
or Greek, as may be seen in Labbe, but none about the first. 
This is acknowledged to he short ; and this has induced those 
critics who have great knowledge of Latin, and very little of 
theii own language, to pronounce the first syllable short in 
English, as if written Sattan. If these gentlemen JiaA'e not 
perused the Principles of Pronunciation, prefixed to the Criti- 
cal Pronouncing Dictionary, I would take the liberty of refer- 
ring them to what is there said, for full satisfaction, for Avhat- 
ever relates to deriving English quantity from the Latin. But 
for those who have not an opportunity of inspecting that 
work, it may, perhaps, be sufficient to observe, that no ana- 
logy is more universal than that which, in a Latin word of two 
syllables, with but one consonant in the middle, and the ac- 
cent on the first syllable, leads us to pronounce that syllable 
long. This is, likewise, the genuine pronunciation of English 
words of the same form ; and where it has been counteracted, 
we find a miserable attempt to follow the Latin quantity in 
the English word, which we entirely neglect in the Latin it- 
self, (see Introduction, page 946.) Cato and PZafe are instan- 
ces where we make the vowel a long in English, where it is 
short in Latin ; and caligo and cogito, where we make the a 
and 0 in the first syllable short in English, when it is long in 
Latin. Thus, if a word of two syllables, with one consonant 
in the middle, and the accent on the first, winch, according to 
our own vernacular analogy, we should pronounce as we do 
Cato and Plato, with the first vowel long : if this word, I say, 
happen to be derived from a word of three syllables in Latin, 
wit.h the first short j this is looked upon as a good reason for 


1006 


SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 


SH 

Sath-ra-bou-za^nes 

Saul 

Sav'a-raii 
Sa'vi-as 15 
Sco'va 
Se'va 

Sche'chem 6 

Skc'ktm 

Scribes 

Scyth'i-ans 

Sijtk'i-ans 

Scy-thop'o-lis 

Scytli-o-pol'i-tans 

Se'ba 

Se'bat 

Sec'a-cali 

Sech-e-ni'as 15 

Sc'chu 

Sed-o-ci'as 15 

Sed-e-si'as 7 

So'gub 

Se'ir 

Se'i-rath 

Se'la 

So'la TIam-mah-Ie'koth 

Se'lah 9 

Se'led 

Sel-G-mi'as 15 
Som 

Sem-a-chi'ah 15 
Sem-a-i'ah 15 
Sem-a-i'as 5 
Setn'e-i 3 
Se-mel'lo-U3 
Se'mis 
Sen'a-ah 
Se'neli 9 
Sn'nir 

So;i-a-che'rib* * 13 

Sori'u-ah 

Se-o'ritn 

Se'plmr 

Seph^a-rad 

Sepli-ar-va'im 16 

Se'pliar-vites 

Se-pbe'la 

Se'rah 

Se-ra-i'ah 5 

Ser'a-pliim 

Se'rod 

Se'roii 

Se'rug' 

Se'sis 

Ses'thel 

Seth 

Se'thar 

Se'ther 

Sha-al-ab'bia 

Slia-al'I)im 

Sha-al'bo-nite 8 

Slia'aph 

Siia-a-ra'im 16 

Shar'a-im 


SH 

Sha-ash'gas 
Shab-beth'a-i 5 
Shach'i-a 
Shad'da-i 5 
Sha'drach 
Sha^ge 7 

Sha-hazM-math 13 

Slial'le-cheth 

Slia'Iem 

Sha'lim 

Shal'i-sha 

Slial'Iutn 

Shal'ma-i 5 

Shal'man 

Shal-ma-no'ser 

Sliabna 

Sham-a-ri'ah 15 

Sha'med 

Shammer 

Sliam'gar 

Sham huth 

Sha'mir 

Sham'rna 9 

Sham'mah 9 

Shani'ma-i 5 

Sham'moth 

Sham-inu'a 9 

Sham-inu'ah 9 

Sham-she-ra'i 5 

Sha'pliain 

Sha'phan 

Sha'phat 

Sha'pher 

Shar'a-i 5 

Shar'iTia-im 16 

Sha'rar 

Sha-re'zer 

Sha'ron 

Sha'ron-ite 8 

Slia-ru'heii 

Shash'a-i 5 

Sha'shak 

Sha'ul 

Sha'ul-ites 8 
Sha-u'sha 
Sha'veh 9 
Sha'veth 
She'al 

She-al'li-el 13 

She-a-ri'ah 15 

Sae-ar-ja'shub 

She'ba, or SheMiah 

She'bam 

Sheb-a-ni'ah 15 

Sheb'a-rim 

She'bat 

She'ber 

Sheb'na 

Sheb'u-e! 13 

Shec-a-nibah 

She'chem 6 

Sho'chem-ites 

Shech'i-nahf 


SH 

Skek'e-nah 

Shed'e-ur 

She-ha-ri'ah 15 

She'kel 

She'lah 

Slie'lan-ites 8 

Shel-e-mi'ah 15 

She'leph 

She'lesh 

Shel'o-mi 3 

Shel'o-mith 

Sliel'o-moth 

She-lu'mi-el 13 

Shem 

She'ma 

Shem'a-ah 9 

Shem-a-i'ah 5 

Shein-a-ri'ah 15 

Shem'e-ber 

She'mer 

She-mi'da 13 

Shem'i-nith 

She-mir'a-moth 

She-mu'el 13 17 

Sheti 

She-na'zar 
She'nir 
She'pham 
Sheph-a-ti'ah 15 
She'phi 3 
She'pho 

She-phu'phan 11 
She^rah 

Shcr-e-bi'ah 15 

She'resh 

She-re'zer 

She'shack 

Sho'sliai 5 

She'shan 

Shesh-baz'zar 

Sheth 

She'thar 

She'thar Boz'na-i 
She'va 
Shib'bo-leth 
Shib'mah 9 
Slii'chron 
Sliig-gai'on 5 
Shi'on 
Sh i'll or 

Shi'hor Lib^nath 
Shi-i'im 3 4 
She-i'irn 
Shil'hi 3 
Sliil'him 
Shi I lorn 
Shil'lem-ites 8 
Shi'loh, or Shi'lo 9 
Shi-lo'ah 9 
Shi-lo'ni 3 
Shi-lo'nites 8 
Sliibshah 9 
1 Shim'e-a 


SH 

Shim'e-ah 

Shiin'e-am 

Shim'e-ath 

Sliim'e-ath-ites 

Sliim'c-i 3 

Shiin'e-on 

Shim'hi 3 

SJ)ibni 3 

Shim'ites 8 

Shiin'ma 9 

Shi'mon 

Shim^rath 

Sliim'ri 3 

Shim'rith 

Sliim'ron 

Shim'ron-ites 8 

Shim'ron Me'ron 

Shim'shai 5 

Shi'nab 

Shi'nar 

Shi'phi 3 

Shiph'mite 

Shiph'ra 9 

Shiph'rath 

Ship'tan 

Shi'sha 9 

Shi'shak 

Shit'ra-i 5 

Shit'tah 9 

Sliit'tim Wood 

Shi'za 9 

Sho'a 9 

Sho'ah 9 

Sho'ab 

Slio'bach 6 

Sho'ba-i 5 

Sho'bal 

Sho'bek 

Sho'bi 3 

Sho'clio 6 

Sho'choh 9 

Sho'ham 

Sho'mer 

Sho'phach 6 

Sho'phan 

Sho-shan'nim 

Sho-shan'nim E'duth 

Shu'a 9 

Shu'ah 9 

Shu'al 

Shu'ba-el 13 

Shu'ham 

Shu ham-ites 8 

Shu'hites 

Shu'iani-itc 

Shu'math-ites 8 

Shu'nam-ite 

Shu'nem 

Shubii 3 

Slmbiites 8 

Shu'pham 

Shu'])hani-ite 

Shup'pim 


SO 

Shur 
Shu'shan 
Shu'shan E'duth 
Shu'the-lah 9 
Shu'thal-ites 8 
Si 'a 1 
Si'a-ka 1 9 
Si/ba 

Sib'ba-chai 5 
Sib bo-leth 
Sib'mah 9 
Sib'ra-im 16 
Si'chem 1 C 
Sid'dim 
Si'de 
Si'don 

Si-gi'o-noth 7 
Si'lia 9 
Si'lion 
Si'lior 
SiMas 
Sil'la 9 
Sil'o-aJ 
Sil'o-as 

Sil'o-ah, or Sil'o-am 

Sil'o-e 9 

Si-mal-cu'e 

Sim'e-on 

Sim'e-oc-ites 8 

Si'mon 

Sim'ri 3 

Sin 

Si'nai$ 5 
Si'nim 
Sin'ites 8 
Si'on 

Si ph 'moth 
Sip'pai 5 
Si'rach 1 G 
Si 'rah 9 
Sir'i-on 
Sis-am'a-i 5 
Sis'e-ra 9 
Si-sin'nes 
Sit'nah 
Si 'van 
So 

So'choh 6 9 
So'ko 
So'coh 9 
Su'tco 
So'di 3 
Sod'om 
Sod'cm-ites 
Sod'o-nia 
Sol'o-mon 
Sop'a-ter 
Soph'e-reth 
So'rek 
So-sip'a-ter 
Sos'tlie-nes 13 
: Sos'tra-tus 13 
{So'ta-i 5 


sliortoning tire first syliable of the English word, as in magiCy 
placid, tepid, &c., tliough we violate this rule in the pronun- 
ciation of thy Latin words caligo, cogito, &.C., which, accord- 
ing to this analogy, ought to bo cale-i-go, coge-i-to, &.C., with 
the first syllable long. 

This pedantry, which ought to have a harsher title, has 
consi lerably hurt the sound of our language, by introducing 
into it too many short vowels, and consequently rendering it 
less flowing and sonorous. The tendency of the penultimate j 
accent to open and lengthen the first vowal in dissyllables, i 
with but one consonant in the middle, in some measure coun- | 
teracts tlie shortening tendency of two consonantr^ and the i 
almost invariable shortening tendency of the antepenultimate j 
accent *, but this analogy, which seems to be the genuine 
operation of nature, is violated by these ignoraitt critics from 
the pitiful ambition of appearing to understand Latin. As the 
first syllable, therefore, of the word in question has its first 
vowel pronounced short for such miserable reasons as have 
been shown, and this short pronunciation does not seem to be 
general, we ought certainly to incline to that pronunciation 
which is so agreeable to the analogy of our own language, and 
which is, at tlie same time, so much more pleasing to the ear. 

* [Sen-ack' e-rib . — P.] f [Sc/ie-ki'nah. — P.] 

I Siloa. — This word, according to the present general rule 
of pronouncing these words, ought to have the accent on the 
second syllable, as it is Graecised by SiXwd ; but Milton, who 
understood its derivation as well as the present race of critics, 
has given it the antepenultimate accent, as more agreeable to j 
the general analogy of accenting English words of the same j 
form : I 


“ Or if Sion hill 

Delight thee moie, or Siloa^s brook, that flow’d 
Fast by the oracle of God ” 

If criticism ought not to overturn settled usages, surely when 
that usage is sanctioned by such a poet as Miiton, it ought 
not to be looked upon as a license, but an authority. With 
respect to the quantity of the first syllable, analogy requires 
that, if the accent be on it-, it should be short. — See Rules pre- 
fixed to the Greek and Latin Proper JVames, Rule 19. 

^ Sinai. — If we pronounce this word after the Hebrew, it has 
three syllables ; if after the Greek, Stva, two only ; though it 
must be confessed, that the liberty allowed to poets of increas- 
ing the end of a line with one, and sometimes two syllables, 
renders their authority, in this case, a little equivocal. Labbe 
adopts the former pronunciation, hut general usage seems to 
prefer the latter: and if we almost universally follow the 
Gr€>ek in other cases, why not in this.^ Milton adopts the 
Greek : 

“Sing, heav’nly muse ! that on the secret top 
Of Oreb or of Sinai didst inspire 
That sheiiherd ” 

“ God, from the mount of Sinai, whose gray top 
Shall tremble, he, descending, will himself. 

In thunder, lightning, and loud trumiiets’ sound, 
Ordain them laws.” 

Par. Lost, b. xii. v. 227. 

We ought not, indeed, to lay too much stress on the qxiantity 
of Milton, which is often so' different in the same word ; but 
these are the only two passages in his Paradise Lost where 


SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 


1007 


TE 

Sta'chys 6 

Sta'kces 

Stac'te 

Steph'a-nas 

Steph'a-na 

Ste'phen 

Su'ah 9 

Su'ba 

Su'ba-i 5 

Suc-ca'ath-ites 8 

Suc'coth 

Suc'coth Be'noth 

Sud 

SiiMi-as 
Suk'ki-ims 4 
Sur 
Su'sa 

Su'san-chites 6 
Su-san'nah 9 
Su'si 3 
Syc'a-mine 
Sy-ce'ne 
Sy'char 1 6 
Sy-e'lus 12 
Sy-e'ne 
Syu'a-goguo 
Syn'a-gog 
Syn'ti-clie 4 6 
SyrM-a Ma'a-cah 
Syr'i-oti 

Sy-r o-phe-n ic ' i-a 


T. 

TA'A-NACH 5 
Ta'a-nach Shi'Io 
Tab'ba-oth 
Tab 'bath 
Ta'be-al 
Ta'I)e-eI 13 
Ta-bel'li-U9 
7’ab'e-ra 9 
Tab'i-tha 
Ta'bor 
Tab'ri-mon 
Tacli'mo-nite 
Tad'tnor 
Ta'haii 
Ta'han-ites 8 
Ta-baph'a-nes 
Ta-bap'e-nes 
Ta'hath 
Tab'pe-nes 9 
Tah're-a 9 
Tah'tim Hod'shi 
Tal'i-tha Cu'mi 
TaPmai 5 
Tal'mon 
Tal'sas 
Ta'mah 
Ta'mar 
Tam'muz 
Ta'nach 6 
Tan'hu-meth 
Ta'nis 
Ta'phath 
Taph'e-nes 
Tapli'nes 
Ta phon 
Tap'pu-ah 13 
Ta'rah 9 
Tar'a-lah 9 13 
"i'a’ri-,a C 
Tar'pcd-ites 8 ' 

Tar'shis 
Tar'shish 
Tar-sbi'si 3 
Tar's US 
Tar'tak 
Tar'tan 
Tat'na-i 5 
Te'bah 9 
Tel>-a-li'ah 15 
Te'beth 


TO 

Tc-haph'nc-hes 

To-hinhiah 

To'kcl 

Te-ko'a'*', or Te-ko'ah 

Te-ko'itesf 8 

Tel'a-bib 

Te'lah 9 

Tel'a-im 16 

Te-las'sar 

Te'lem 

Tcl-ha-re'sha 

Tel-har'sa 9 

Tel'me-Ia 9 

TePme-lah 9 

Te'ma 9 

Te'inan 

Tem'a-ni 3 

To'man-ites 8 

Tem'e-ni 3 

Te'pho 

Te'rah 9 

Ter'a-phim 

Te'resii 

Ter'ti-us 

Ter'she~vs 

Ter-tul'lus 

Te'ta 

Tet'rarch 6 

Thad-de'u3| 12 

Tha'hash 

Thahnah 9 

Tham'na-tha 

Tha'ra 9 

Thar' -a 9 

Thar'shish 

Thas'si 3 

Tbe'bez 

The-co'e 

The-las'ser 

The-ler'sas 

The oc'a-nu3 

Tho-od'o-tus 

The-oph'i-lus 

The ras 

Ther'me-leth 

T hes-sa-lo-n i 'ca$ 

Theu'das 

Thim'ua-thath 

This'be 

Thom'as 

Tom'as 

Thom'o-i 3 

Thra-se'as 

Thum'mim 

Thy-a-ti'ra 9 

Tib'bath 

Ti-be'ri-as 

Tib'ni 3 

Ti'dal 

Tig'iath Pi-le'ser 
Tik'vah 9 
Tik'vath 
Ti'lon 

Ti-me'his 13 
Tim'na 9 
Tim'nath 9 
Tim'na-thah 
Tim'nath He 'res 
Trm'nath Se'rah 
Tim'nite 8 
Ti-mo'the-us 
Tim'o-thy (Eng.) 
Tip'sah 9 
Ti'ras 

Ti'rath-ites 8 
Tir'lia-kah 9 

Tiii'i;* "b 

Tir'i-aV* 

Tir'sha-tha 

Tir'zali 9 

Tish'bite 

Ti'van 

Ti'za 

Ti'zite 8 

To'ah 

To'a-nah 


XE 

Tob 

To bi'ah 15 
To-bi'as 15 
To'bic (Eng.) 
To'bi-ol 4 13 
To-bi'jah 15 
To' bit 
To'chen 6 
To-gar'mah 
To'hu 
To'i 3 
To'la 9 
To'lad 
To'la-ites 8 
Tol'ba-nes 
Tol'mai 5 
To'phel 
To'phet 
To'u 

Trach-o-ni'tis 12 

Trip'o-lis 

Tro'as 

Tro-gyl'li-um 
Troph'i-nms 
Try-plie'na 12 
Try-pho'sa 12 
Tu'bal 
Tu'bal Cain 
Tu-bi'e-ni 3 
Ty-be'ri-as 
Tych'i-cus 
Tyre, one syllable 
Ty-raa'nus 
Ty'rus 


u. 

U'CAL 

U'el 

U'la-i 5 
U'lam 
Ul'la 9 
IJm'mah 9 
Un'ni 3 
U'phaz 
U-phar'sin 
Ur'ba-ne 
U'ri 3 
U-ri'ah 9 
U-ri'as 15 • 
U'ri-el|| 4 13 
U-ri'jah 9 15 
U'rim 
U'ta 9 
U'tha-i 5 
U'tlii 3 
U'za-i 5 
U'zal 
Uz'za 9 
Uz'zah 9 
Uz'zon She'rah 
Uz'zi 3 
Uz-zi'ah 15 
Uz-zi'el 13 15 
Uz-zi'el-ites 8 


V. 

VA-JEZ'A-THA 9 
Va-ni'ah 9 
Vash'ni 3 
Vash'li 3 
Voph'si 3 


X. 

XA'GUS 

Xan'thi-cus 

Xe'no-as 

Xer-o-pha'gi-a 


ZE 

Xo-rol'y-be 

Xys'tus 


z. 

ZA-A-NA'IM 16 
Za'a-man 
Za-a-naii'nim 
Za'a-van 

Za'bad t >•. i 
Zab-a-dae'ans 
Zab-a-dai'as 5 
Zab'bai 5 
Zab'ud 
Zab-de'us 12 
Zab'di 3 
Zab'di-el 11 
Za-bi'na 9 .. 

Za'bud . 

Zab'u-lonlT v' ’ 

Zac'ca-i 5 i 

Zac'cur 

Zach-a-ri'ah 15 
Za'cher 6 . 

Za'ker 

Zac-che'us 12 
Zak-ke'us 
Za'dok 
Za'ham 
Za'ir 
Za'Iaph 
Zal'mon 
Zal-mo'nah 9 
Zal-mun'nah 
Zam'bis 
Zam'bri 6 
Za'moth 
Zam-zum'mims 
Za-no'ah 9 
Zaph-nath-pa-a-ne'ah 
Za'phon 
Za'ra 
Zar'a-ces 
Za'rah - ‘ ^ 

Zar-a-i'as 15 
Za're-ah 
Za'ro-ath-ites 8 
Za'rcd 
Zar'e phath 
Zar'e-tan 
Za'reth Sha'har 
Zar'hites 8 
Zar'ta-nah 
Zar'than 
Zath'o-e 
Za-thu'i 3 11 
Zath'thu 
Zat'tu 
Za'van 
Za'za 

Zeb-a-di'ah 15 
Zo'bah 9 
Ze-ba'im 13 16 
Zeb'e-d^e 
Zo-bi'na 
Ze-bo'im 13 
Zc-bu'da 13 
Ze'bul 
Zeb'u-lon 
Zeb'u-lon-ites 8 
Zech-a-ri'ah 15 
Zo'dad 

Zcd-e-ki'ah 15 
Zeeb 
Ze'lah 9 
Ze'lek 
Ze-lo'phe-ad 
Zo-lo'tes 13 
Zel'zah 

Zem-a-ra'im 16 
Zem'a-rite 8 
Zo-mi'ra 
Ze'nai 
Ze'nas 


zu 

Ze-or'im 13 
Zcph-a-ni'ah 15 
‘Ze'phath 
Zeph'a-thah 
Ze']>hi, or Ze'pho 
Ze'phon 
Zeph'on-ites 8 
Zer 

Ze'rah 9 

Zer-a-hi'ah 15 

Zer-a-i'a 5 

Ze'rau 

Ze'red 

Zer'e-da 

Zer'e-dah 

Zo-red'a-thah ^ 

Zer'e-rath 

Ze'resh 

Ze'reth 

Ze'ri 3 

Ze'ror 

Ze-ru'ah 13 

Ze-rub'ba-bel • 

Zer-u-i'ah 15 

Zer-vi'ah 15 

Ze'tham 

Zo'than 

Ze'thar 

Zi'a 9 

Zi'ba 9 • 

Zib'e-on 
Zib'i-on 
Zich'ri 3 
Zik'ri 
Zid'dim 
Zid-ki'jah 15 
Zi'don, or Si'don 
Zi-do'ni-ans 
Zif 

Zi'ha 1 9 
Zik'lag 
Zil'lah 9 
Zil'pah 9 
Zil'thai 5 
Zirn'niah 

Zim'rani, or Zim'ran 

Zim'ri 3 

Zin 

Zi'na 1 9 
Zi'on, «r Si'on 1 
Zi'or 1 
Ziph 

Zi'phah 1 
Ziph'i-on 2 
Ziph'ites 8 
Zi'phroii 1 
Zip'por 

Zip-po'rah 13 16 

Zith'ri 3 

Ziz 

Zi'za 1 9 
Zi'zah 1 9 
Zi'na 1 9 
Zo'an 
Zo'ar 

Zo'ba, or Zo'bah 
Zo-be'bah 9 13 
Zo'har 
Zo'he-leth 
1 Zon'a-ras 
Zo'peth 
Zo'phah 
Zo'phai 5 
Zo'phar 
Zo'phim 
Zo'rah 

Zo'rath-ites 8 
Zo're-ah 9 
Zo'rites 9 
Zo-rob'ab-cl** 

Zu'ar 

Zuph 

Zur 

Zu'ri-el 13 
Zu-ri-shad'da-i 5 
Zu'zims 


this word is used ; and, as he has mado the same letters a diph- 
thong in Jlsrnadai, it is highly probable ho judged that Sinai 
ought to lie pronounced in two syllables. — See Rules prefixed 
to this Vocabulary, No. 5. 

* [ Tekh-a.—F. & K.] f [ Tek'o-ites. -F. &. K.] 

t \ Thad'de-us. — P.l $ { Tkes-sa~lon'i~ca. — P.l 

11 [U-ri'el.—F.] 

V Zabulon . — “ Notwithstanding,” says the editor of Labbe, 


“ this word in Greek, Za^s'KOiv, has the penultimate long, 
yet in our'churches we always hear it pronounced with tho 
acute on the antepenultimate. Those who thus pronounce it 
plead that, in Hebrew, che penultimate vowel is short ; but, 
in the word Zorobabel, ZopojSdjSeX, they follow a different 
rule ; fi>r, though the penultimate in Hebrew is long, they 
pronounce it with the antepenultimate accent.” 

** Zorobabel.—&GC Zabulon. 


TERMOATIONAL VOCABULARY 


OF 

SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES 


T 



EBA* 

decent the Antepenultimate* 

BATHSHEBA, Elishcba, Bcersheba. 

ADA IDA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Shamida. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Eliada, Jehoida, Bethsilidai Adida. 

EA EGA ECHA UPHA 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Laodicea, Chaldea, Judea, Arimathea, Ii'amea, CsBsarea, 
Berea, Iturea, Osea, Hosca, Omega, Hasupha. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Cenchrea, Sabtecha. 

• ✓ 

ASHA ISHA USHA 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Elisha, Jerusha. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Baasha, Shalisha. 

ATHA ITHA UTHA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Jegar-Sahadutha, Dalmanutha. 

* « Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Gabatha, Gabbatha, Amadatha, Hammedatha, Parshanda- 
tha, Ephplmtha, Tirshatiia, Admatha, Caphenatha, Poratba, 
Achmetha, Tabitha, Gulgotha. 

lA 

(Pronounced in two syllables.) 

AcceiU the Penultimate. 

Scleucia,! Japhia, Adalia, Bethulia, Nethania, Chenania, 
Jaazania, Jamnia, Samaria, Hezia. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Achaia, Arabia, Thracia, Samothracia, Grecia, Cilicia, 
Cappadocia, Seleucia, Media, India, Pindia, Claudia, Phry- 
gia, Antiochia, Casiphia, Philadelphia, Apphia, Igdalia, Ju- 
lia, Pamphylia, Mesopotamia, Armenia, Lycaonia, Macedo- 
nia, Apollonia, Junia, Ethiopia, Samaria, Adria, Alexan- 
dria, Celosyria, Syria, Assyria, Asia, Persia, Mysia, Galatia, 
Dalmatia, rhilistia. 

IKA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Elika. 

ALA ELA ILA AMA EMA IMA 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Ambela, Arbela, Macphola. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Magdala, Aquila, Aceldama, Aphereraa, Ashima, Jemima. 

ANA ENA INA ONA 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Diana, Tryphena, Hyena, Palestina, Barjona. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abana, Hashbadana, Amana, Ecbatana. 


* For the pronunciation of the final a in this selection, see 
Rule the 9th. 

f For this word and Samaria^ Antiochia^ and Alexandria^ 
see the Initial Vocabulary of Greek and Latin Proper Names j 
also Rule 30th, prefixed to the Initial Vocabulary. 

J Words of this termination have the accent of the words 


OA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Gilbda, Tekba, Silba, Eshtemba. 

ARA ERA IRA URA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Guzara, Ahira, Sapphira, Thyatira, Bethsura. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

B'^ara, Bethabara, Patara, Potiphera, Sisera 

ASA OSA 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Cleasa, Tryphosa. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Adasa, Amasa. 

ATA ETA ITA 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Ephphata, Achmeta, Melita, Hatita. 

AVA UA AZA 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Ahava, Malchishua, Elishua, Shamua, Jahaza. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Jeshua, Abishua, Joshua. 

AB IB OB UB 

' Accent the Penultimate. 

Eliab, Sennacherib, Ishbi-Benob, Ahitob, Ahitub. 

Accent the Antepemdtimate. 

Abinadab, Aminadab, Jehonadab, Jonadab, Chileab^holi- 
ab, Magor-Missabib, Aminadib, Eliashib, Biialzebub, Beelze- 
bub. 

AC UC 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Is'iac, Syriac, Abacuc, Habbacuc. 

AD ED ID OD UD 
Accent the Penultimate, 

Almodad, Arphaxad, Elihud, Ahihud, Ahiud, Ahilud* 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Gal'aad, Josabab, Benhadad, Gilead, Zelophead, Zelophe- 
had, Jochebed, Galeed, Ichabod, Ammihud, Abiud. 

CE DEE LEE MEE AGE YCHE OHE ILE AME OME 
ANE ENE OE OSSE VE 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Phenice, Bernice, Eunice, Elelohe, Salome, '' : 
Abilene, Mitylene, Cyrene, Syene, Colo®'!'-'- . .c >r.. 

nounced in three syllables, with t*'' ; r 

Arrr 

Zebedee C 

Apame, t ^ xVinivK. 


y p.,,tiutimate. 

Thisbite, ■ ;iw, xvmezrite, Gittite, Hittite, Hivite, Bu- 
zite. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Harodite, Agagite, Areopagite, Gergashite, Morashite, Ha- 
ruphite, Ephrathite, Bethelite, Carmelite, Hamulite, Benja- 


from which they are foi'med, and on this account are sometimes 
accented even on the preante penultimate syllable ; as Bethle- 
hemitey from Bethlehem y and so of others. Words of this ter- 
mination, therefore, of two syllables, have the accent on the 
penultimate syllable ; and words of three or more, on the same 
syllable as their primitives. — See Rule the 8th. 


SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES 


1009 


mit«, Nehelamite, Shulamite, Shunamito, Edomite, Temanite, 
Gilonite, Shilonite, Horonite, Amorile, Jebusite. 

Accent flieT^^tepenultimate. 

Naamathite, Jezreolite, Bethlehemite, Ephraimite, (Ca- 
naanite, generally pronounced in three syllables, as if written 
Can-an~ite,) 

AG OG 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 

Abishag, Hamongog. 

BAH CAH DAH EAH CHAH SHAH THAH 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Zobazibah, Makkedah, Abidah, Elishah. 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 

Dinhabah, Aholibah, Moribah, Abelbethmaacah, Abadah, 
Moladah, Zeredah, Jedidali, Gibeah, Sliimeah, Zapknath- 
Paaneah, Meachah, Berachah,'Biiasliah, Eliathah. 

A I AH El AH 

{Ai and ci pronounced as a diphthong in one syllable.) 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Micaiah,* Michaiah, Benaiah, Isaiah, Iphedeiab, Maaseiah. 

{Ai pronounced in two syllables.) 

Ad^iah, Pedaiah, Semaiah, Seraiah, Asaiah. 

lAH 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Abiah, Rheabiah, Zibiah, Tobiab, Miiadiah, Zebadiah, Oba- 
diah, Noadiah, Jedidiah, Ahiah, Pekahiah, Jezrahiah, Bara- 
chiab, Japhiah, Bithiah, Hezekiah, Ililkiah, Zedekiah, Ada- 
liah, Gedaliah, Igdaliah, Athaliah, Hachaliah, Ilemaliah, Ne- 
hemiah, Sheleiniah, Meshelemiah, Jeremiah, Shebaniah, Ze- 
phaniah,Nethaniah, Chenaniah, Hananiah, Coniah, Jeconiah, 
Sheariah, Zachariah, Zechariah, Amariah, Shemariah, Aza- 
riah, Neariah, Moriah, Uriah, Josiah, Messiah, Shephatiah, 
Pelatiah, Ahaziah, Amaziah, Asaziah, Uzziah. 

JAH 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Aijah, Abijah, Jehidijah, Ahijah, Elijah, Adonijah, Irijah, 
Tobadonijah, Urijah, Hallelujah, Zerujah. 

KAH LAH MAH NAH OAH RAH SAH TAH VAH 

UAH 

Accent the Penultimate. ' 

Rebekah, Azekah, Machpelah, Aholah, Abel-meholab, Beu- 
lah, Elkanah, Hannah, Kirjath-sannah, Harbonah, Ilashmo- 
nah, Zalnionah, Shiloah, Noah, Manoah, Zanoah, Uzzen- 
sherah, Zipporah, Keturah, Hadassah, Malchishuah, Sham- 
muah, Jehovah, Zeruah. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Marrekah, Baalah, Shuthelah, Telmolah, Methuselah, Hach- 
ilah, Hackilah, Dalilah, Delilah, Havilah, Riiamah, AhobJ»- 
amah, Adamah, Elishamah^ Ruhamah, Lornhamnb, Kede- 
mah, Ashimah, Jemimah, Penninah, Biiarah, Taberah, Debo- 
rah, Ephratah, Paruah. 

ACH ECH OCH 

Accent the Pemiltimate. 

Merodach, Evil-mcrodach. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Ahisamach, Ebed-melech, Abimelech, Ahimelech, Elime- 
lech,Alammelech, Anammclech, Adrammelech, Regemmelech, 
Nathan-melech, A-ioch, Antioch. 

KEH LEH VEH APH EPH ASH ESH ISH 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Elealeh, Elioreph, Jehoash. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Rabshakeh, Nineveh, Ebiasaph, Bethshemesh, Enshemesh, 
C-nreheraish. 

V ' Axil ETH ITH OTH UTH 

Accent the Penul^l:^nte. 

Goliath, Jehovah-jireth, Hazar-maveth, Baal-berith, Reho- 
both, Arioth, Nebuioth,t Naioth, Moscroth, Hazeroth, Piha- 
hiroth, Mosoroth, Allon-buchuth. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Mahalath, Bashemath, Asenath, Daberath, Elisabeth, Dal>- 
basheth, Jerubbesheth, Ishbosheth, Mephibosheth, Harosheth, 
Zoheleth, Bechtileth, Shibboleth, Tonhumeth, Genesareth, 
Asbazareth, Nazareth, Mazzareth, Kirharaseth, Shelomith, 


♦ For the pronunciation of the two last syllables of these 
words, see Rule 5th prefixed to Scripture Proper Names. 

64 


Sheminith, Lapidoth, Anathoth, Keriotb, Shemiramoth, Kede- 
moth, Ahemoth, Jerimoth, Sigionoth, Ashtaroth, Mazzaroth. 

AI 

(Pronounced as a diphthong in one syllable.) 

Accent the Penultimate, 

Chelubai, Asmadai, Sheshai, Shimshai, Ilushai, Zilthai, 
Berothai, Talraai, Tolmai, Sinai, Talnai, Arbonai, Sarai, 
Sippai, Bezai. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Mordecai, Sibbachai, Chephar-Hammonai, P’^arai. ^ 

AI 

(Pronounced in two syllables.) 

Accent the Penultimate, 

Ai. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Zabbdi, Babai, Nebai, Shobai, Subai, Zaccai, Shaddai, Ami- 
shaddai, Aridai, Heldai, Hegai, Haggai, Belgiii, Bilgai, 
Abishai, Uthai, Adlai, Barzillai, Ulai, Sisamai, Shalmai, 
Shainmai, Elioenai, Tatnai, Shether-boznai, Naharili, Sharai, 
Shamsherai, Shitrai, Arisai, Bastai, Bavai, Bigvai, Uzai. 

DI El LI MI NI 01 PI RI UI ZI 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Areli, Loamini, Talithacumi, Gideoni, Benoni, Hazeleponi, 
Philippi, Gehazi. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Engedi, Simei, Shimei, Edrei, Bethbirei, Abisei, Baali, 
Naphthali, Nephthali, Pateoli, Adami, Naomi, Hanani, Beer- 
lahairoi, IMehari, Haaha.'ihtari, Jesiii. 

EK UK 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Adonizedek, Adonibezek. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Melchizedek, Amalek, Habakkuk. 

AAL EAL lAL ITAL UTAL 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Biial, Kirjath-bsLal, Hamutal. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Meribbaal, Eshbaal, Ethbiial, Jerubaal, Tabeal, Belial, 
Abital. 

AEL ABEL EBEL 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Jael, Abel. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Gabael, Michael, Raphael, Mishael, Mehujael, Abimael, 
Ishmael, Ismael, Anael, Nathanael, Israel, Asael, Zerubba- 
bel, Zerobabel, Mehetabel, Jezebel. 

EEL OGEL AHEL ACHEL APIIEL OPHEL ETHEL 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Enrogel, Rachel, Elbethel. 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 

Tabeel, Abdeel, Japhaleel, Mahaleel, Bezaleel, Hanam6el, 
Jerahmeel, Hananeel, Nathaneel, Jabneel, Jezreel, Hazeel, 
Asahel, Barachel, Amraphel, Achitophel. 

lEL KEL 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Peniel, Uzziel. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abiel, Tobiel, Adiel, Abdiel, Gaddiel, Pa^iel, Salathiol, 
Ithicl, Ezekiel, Gamaliel, Shclumiel, Daniel, Othniel, Ariel, 
Gabriel, Uriel, -Shealtiel, Putiel, Haziel, Hiddekel. 

UEL EZEL 
Accent the Penultimatf'. 

Deuel, Raguel, Bethuel, Pethuel, Hamuol, Jemuel, KeenunI, 
Nemuel, Phanuel, Penuel, Jeruel, Bethezel. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Samuel, J Lemuel, Emanuel, Immanuel. 

AIL 

(Pronounced in two syllables.) 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Abih'dil. 


t The ai in this and the next word form but one syllable.— 
See Rule 5. 

J See Rule the 17th prefixed to Scripture Proper Names.' 


1010 


SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 


AIL 

(Pronounced as a diphthong in one syllable.) 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abigail. 

OL UL 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Bethgamul. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Eshtaol. 

ODAM AHAM lAM IJAM IKAM 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Elmodam, Abijam, Ahikam. 

Accent the Antepenultimate, 

Abraham, Miriam, Adonikam. 

OAM 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Behoboam, Roboam, Jeroboam. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Siloam, Abinoam, Ahinoam. 

ARAM IRAM ORAM 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Padanaram, Abiram, Hiram, Adoniram, Adoram, Hadoram, 
Jehoram. 

AHEM EHEM ALEM EREM 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Menahem, Bethlehem, Jerusalem, Beth-haccerom. 

AIM* 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Chusan-Rishath’iim, Kirjathaim, Bethdiblathaim, Rama- 
tha.im, Adithaim, Misrephothmiim, Al)elm'aiin, Mahanaim, 
Manhanaim, Horon'aim, Sh'^r'aim, Ador'aim, SepliarvUim. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Rephaim, Dothaim, Egliim, Carnaim, Sharaim, Ephraim, 
Beth-ephraim, Mizraim, Abel-mizraira. 

BIM CHIM PHIM KIM LIM NIM RIM ZIM 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Sarsechim, Zeb'dim, Kirjatharim, Bahurim, Kelkath-hazu- 
rira. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Cherubim, Lehabim, Rephidim, Seraphim, Teraphim, Elia- 
kim, Jehoiakim, Joiakim, Joakim, Baalim, Dedanim, Ethanim, 
Abarim, Bethhaccerim, Kirjath-jearim, Hazerim, Baal-pera- 
zim, Gerizim, Gazizim. 

DOM LOM AUM lUM NUM RUM TUM 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Obededom, Appii-forum, Miletum. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Abishalom, Absalom, Capernaum, Rhegium, Trogyllium, 
Iconium, Adramyttium, Galbanum. 

AAN CAN DAN EAN THAN IAN MAN NAN 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Memucan, Chaldean, Ahiman, Elhanan, Johanan, Haman. 
Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Canaan, Chanaan, Merodach-baladan, Nebuzaradan, Elna- 
than, Jonathan, Midian, Indian, Phrygian, Italian, Macedo- 
nian, Ethiopian, Syrian, Assyrian, Egyptian, Naaman. 

AEN VEN CHIN MIN ZIN 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Manden, Bethaven, Chorazin. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Jehoiachin, Benjamin. 

EON AGON EPHON ASHON AION ION ALON ELON 
ULON YLON MON NON RON YON THUN RUN 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Bial-meon Beth-dagon, B'aal-zephon, Naashon, Higgaion, 
Shiggaion, Chilion, Orion, Esdrelon, Baal-hamon, Philemon, 
Abiron, Beth-horon. - 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Gibeon, Zibeon, Gedeon, Gideon, Simeon, Pirathon, Hero- 
dion, Camion, Sirion, Ascalon, Ajalon, Askelon, Zebulon, 
Babylon, Jeshimon, Tabrimon, Solomon, Lebanon, Aaron, 
Apollyon, Jeduthun, Jeshurun. 

EGO ICHO HIO LTO 
Accent the Penultimate. 

Ahio. 


* In this selection, the ai form distinct syllables. — See 
Rule 16. 


Accent the Antepenultimate, 

Abednego, Jericho, Gallio. 

AR ER IR OR UR 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Ahishar, Baal-tamar, Balthasar, Eleazar, Eziongcber, Tig. 
lath-pileser, Shalmaneser, Hadadezer, Abiezer, Ahiezer, Elie- 
zer, Romantiezer, Ebenczer, Joezer, Sharezer, Havoth-Jiir, 
Asnoth-tabor, Beth-peor, B'ial-peor, Nicanor, Philometor. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Issachar, Potiphar, Abiathar, Ithamar, Shemeber, Lucifer, 
Chedorlaomer, Aroer, Sosipater, Sopater, Achior, Webucho- 
donosor, Euputor, Shedeur, Abishur, Pedahzur. 

AAS BAS EAS PHAS IAS LAS MAS NAS OAS PAS 

RAS TAS YAS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Oseas, Esaias, Tobias, Sedecias, Abadias, Asadias, Abdias, 
Barachias, Ezechias, Mattathias, Matthias, Ezekias, Nee- 
mias, Jeremias, Ananias, Assanias, Azarias, Ezerias, Josias, 
Ozias, Bageas, Aretas, Onyas. 

• 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Annaas, Barsabas, Patrobas, Eneas, Phineas, Caiaphas, 
Cleophas, Herodias, Euodias, Georgias, Amplias, Lysanias, 
Gabrias, Tiberias, Lysias, Nicolas, Artemas, Elyraas, Par- 
menas, Siloas, Antipas, Epaphras. 

CES DES EES GES HES LES NE3 SES TES 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Gentiles,! Rameses, Mithridates, Euphrates. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Rabsaces, Arsaces, Nomades, Phinees, Astyages, Diotrephcs, 
Epiphanes, Tahaphanes, Herraogenes, Taphenes, Calisthenes, 
Sosthencs, Eumenes. 

ENES and INES 
(In one syllable.) 

Accent the Ultimate. 

Gadarenes, Agarenes, Hagarenes. 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Philistines, (pronounced like Philistins.) 

ITES 

(Pronounced in one syllable.) 

[Words of this termination have the accent of the words 
from which they are formed, which sometimes occasions tho 
accent to be placed even on the preantepenullimate syllable ; 
as, Oileadites^ from Qilead, and so of others. Words of this 
termination, therefore, of two syllables, have the accent on 
the penultimate syllable ; and words of three or more, on the 
same syllable as their primitives.] 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Gadites, Kenites, Jamnites, Levites, Hittites, Hivites. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Rcohabites, Moabites, Gergeshites, Nahathitcs, Kohathitcs, 
Pelethites, Cherethites, U/.zielites, Tarpelites, Elamites, Edom- 
ites, Reubenites, Ammonites, Hermonites, Ekrouites, Haga- 
rites, Nazarites, Amorites, Geshurites, Jebusites, Ninevites, 
Jesuites, Perizzites. 

Accent the Preantepenultimate. 

Gileadites, Amalekites, Ishm'ielites, Israelites, Midianitos, 
Gibeonites, Aaronites. 

OTES 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Zelotes. ^ 

IS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Elim'ais. 

Accent the Antepenultimate- 

Antiochis, Amathis, Baalis, Decopr’K , • ;» i ?, - 

lis, Persopolis, AmphipoH*’ n: ; 

Salamis, Dama»-’«' ^ 


Emims, 

Rephaims. .vums, Anakims, Nethinims, 

Chemarims. 

ANS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Sabeans, Laodiceans, Assideans, Galileans, Idumeans, Epi- 
cureans. 


t O entiles. —This may be considered as an English word, 
and should be pronounced in two syllables, as if written Jen^ 
tUeSf the last syllable as the plural of tile. 


SCRIPTURE PROPER NAMES. 


ion 


Accent the Antepenultimate, 

Arabians, Grecians, Herodian?, Antiochians, Corinthians, 
Parthians, Scythians, Athenians, Cyrenians, Macedonians, 
Zidonians, Babylonians, Lacedemonians, Ethiopians, Cypri- 
ans, Syrians, Assyrians, Tyrians, Ephesians, Persians, Gala- 
tians, Cretians, Egyptians, I*jicoraitans, Scythopolitans, Sa- 
maritans, Lybians. 

MOS NOS AUS BUS CUS DUS 

Accent the Fenultimatc. 

Arcbeldus, Menelius, Abubus, Andronicus, Seleucus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

^ Per^amos, Stephanos, Emmaus, Agabus, Bartacus, Achai- 
cus, Tychicus, Aradus. , 

EUS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Daddeus, Asmodeus, Aggeus, Zaccheus, Ptolemeus, Macca- 
beus, Lebbeus, Cendebeus, Thaddeus, Mardocheus, Mordo- 
cheus, Alpheus, Timeus, Bartimeus, Hymeneus, Elizeus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Dositheus, Timotheus, Nereus. - 

GUS CHUS THUS 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Areopagus, Philologus, Lysimachus, Antiochus, Eutychus, 
Amadathus. 

lUS 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Darius. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Gaius, Athenobius, Cornelius, Numenius, Cyrenius, Apol- 


lonius, Tiberias, Demetrius, Mercurius, Dionysius, Pontius, 
Tertius. 

LUS MUS NUS RUS SUS TUS ' 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Aristobulus, Eubulus, Nicodemus, Ecanus, Ilircanus, Aura- 
nus, Sylvanus, Ahasuerus, Assuerus, Heliodorus, Arcturus, 
Bar-jesus, Fortunatus, Philetus, Epaphroditus, Azotus. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Attains, Theopiiilus, Alcimus, Trophimus, Onesimus, Didy- 
mus, Libanus, Antilibanus, Sarchedonus, Acheacharus, Laza- 
rus, Citherus, Elutherus, J'airus, Prochorus, Oifesiphorus, 
Asapharasus, Ephesus, Epenetus, Asyncritus. 

AT ET OT 1ST OST 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Ararat, Eliphalet, Gennesaret, Iscariot, Antichrist, Pente- 
cost. 

EU HU ENU EW MY 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Casleu, Chisleu, Abihu, Andrew, 

Accent the Antepenultimate. 

Jehovah-Tsidkenu, Bartholomew, Jeremy. 

BAZ GAZ HAZ PHAZ 

Accent the Penultimate. 

Mahar-shalal-hash-baz, Sliaash-gaz, Eliphaz. 

Accent the Antepenultimate. ^ 

Jchdahaz. 


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